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■GSrThe  foregoing  Regulations  will  be  strictly  enforced."®* 


■\'    *•*" 


•  » C  v- 


An  Illustrated  Journal:  of 


BV    DEWEY    .V     CO. 
}Pul)1 1  fliers. 


SAN  FRANCISCO,  SATURDAY,  JANUARY  4,  1879. 


VOLUME    S3CS1VIII 
Number    1. 


A  Practical  Traction  Engine. 

[Written  fur  the  Truss.] 

The  subject  of  transportation  by  means  of 
the  road-locomotive,  or  traction-engine  as  it  is 
call «il,  has  occupied  the  attention  of  engineers 
in  all  parts  of  the  worhl.  It  is  believed  that 
California  has  produced  a  machine  that  stands 
among  the  best  forms  of  the  road-locomotive  ; 
from  late  tests  it  appears  to  be  one  of  the  most 
practicable  engines  of  this  class  that  has  ever 
been  introduced. 

The  accompanying  engraving  represents  one 
of  these  machines,  on  three  wheels,  all  of  which 
are  propelled  by  beveled  gearing. 

The  following  are  the  principal  dimensions  : 
Boiler — length  over  all,  10  feet ;  boiler,  diame- 
ter of  shell,  48  inches  ;  boiler,  thickness  of 
shell,  i  inch  ;  boiler,  tire  box  sheets,  §  inch; 
load  on  driving  wheels,  2,300  pounds;  steam 
cylinders,  diameter,  8  inches;  stroke  of  pis- 
tons, 12  inches;  revolutions  of  crank  to  one 
of  driving  wheels,  10;  driving 
wheels,  diameter  72  inches; 
driving  wheels,  breadth  of  tire, 
12   inches. 

The  boiler  is  a  new  and  pe- 
culiar multitubular  arrange- 
ment, which  makes  steam  as 
fast  as  required,  from  a  com- 
paratively small  amount  of 
water,  doing  away  with  con- 
siderable bulk  and  weight. 
There  are  two  engines  mounted 
on  top  of  the  boiler;  the  crank- 
shafts are  coupled  and  the 
cranks  are  set  quartering  to 
avoid  the  possibility  of  ever 
stopping  on  the  center;  the 
bed  plates  have  the  cross-head 
guides  cast  solid  with  the  bed; 
and  the  cylinders  are  secured 
in  sliding  bearings  fastened  by 
flanges  to  boiler-brackets;  by 
this  means  the  expansion  and 
contraction  of  the  boiler  is  ac- 
commodated, avoiding  a  con- 
siderable strain  on  the  en- 
gines. The  driving-gears  or 
angle-shafts,  are  on  each  side 
of  the  machine  as  shown,  and 
are  driven  by  the  beveled 
pinions  on  each  end  of  the 
engine  shaft.  The  angle-shafts 
run  in  angle  bracket-boxes,  so 
that  one  pair  of  shafts  having 
beveled  pinions  run  the  for- 
ward wheel-gears,  and  the  other 
pair  of  angle-shafts  also  have 
beveled  pinions  that  drive 
beveled  wheels  secured*  to  the  rear  traction 
wheels.  The  forward  driving  gears  are  keyed 
to  the  outer  ends  of  the  forward  axle,  or 
driving  Bhaft,  more  properly  speaking, 
as  the  latter  drives  the  forward  or  steering 
wheel,  but  at  the  same  time  allowing  it  to  be 
moved  in  an  arc  of  a  circle  sideways  at  any 
angle  desired  for  steering  the  machines.  This 
is  accomplished  by  means  of  a  ball  and  socket 
joint  in  the  hub  of  this  wheel. 

This  ball  and  socket  joint  is  the  most  ingeni- 
ous part  of  the  whole  machine,  and  to  accom- 
plish the  work  of  driving  the  wheel  in  all  posi- 
tions, a  number  of  steel  keys  are  fitted  in  the 
ball,  and  projecting  to  work  in  slots  cut  in  the 
shell  or  casing  of  the  ball. 

This  casing  has  projecting  faces  with  revolv- 
ing rings  on  each  side  of  the  wheel,  and  to 
these  rings  are  bolted  arms  on  each  side  run- 
ning back  to  a  gear  segment,  operated  by  a 
pinion  on  the  end  of  an  upright  spindle  or  shaft 
with  a  hand-wheel  at  the  top,  just  in  front  of 
the  steersman's  seat;  here  the  man  piloting  the 
machine  has  control  of  the  throttle  valve  and 
reverse  lever. 

This  is  the  first  instance  in  which  the  steering 
wheel  has  been  made  to  propel  the  machine; 
and  it  can  be  made  to  do  the  work  independent 
of  the  hind  wheels,  in  case  of  necessity;  as  for 
instance  when  both  hind  wheels  become  mired, 
or  get  into  quicksand,  or  deep  ruts  in  the  road. 
This  is  accomplished  by  having  self-adjustable 
clutches  on  the  hind  wheel  shaft,  also  for  back- 
ing,   etc. 

In  all  of  the  traction  engines  heretofore  built, 


only  two  wheels  have  been  employed  to  propel 
the  machine,  but  in  this  invention  all  of  the 
wheels  on  which  it  runs  are  traction  wheels, 
and  more  than  three  may  be  employed  if  de- 
sired. This  machine  was  used  for  a  consider- 
able length  of  time  in  the  State  of  Nevada, 
hauling  ore  and  other  freight  from  mines  to 
mills,  etc.,  running  np  mountainous  roads 
(where  mule  teams  had  been  used);  the  grade 
being  in  some  instances  530  feet  to  the  mile, 
and  hauling  ten  tons  on  wagons  at  a  speed  of 
two  and  one-half  miles  per  hour.  After  work- 
ing for  one  company  until  their  mines  gave  out, 
the  machine  was  brought  to  Sacramento,  where 
it  was  employed  in  house  moving  and  other 
heavy  work. 

The  Sacramento  AVood  Co.  have  recently 
bought  a  Pacific  coast  interest  in  this  invention, 
and  have  put  the  machine  to  a  very  severe 
test,  showing  its  ability  to  haul  heavy  freight 
in  a  successful  manner.  Capt.  J.  Roberts,  the 
leading  spirit  of  the  company,  took  this  ma- 
chine up  the  Sacramento  river  on  one  of  their 
steamers,  and  landing  in  Colusa  county,  where 


elusions:  A  traction  engine,  or  road  locomotive, 
may  be  constructed  upon  this  plan,  so  as  to  be 
easily  and  rapidly  manceuvred,  hauling  a  long 
line  of  freight  wagons  on  the  ordinary  roads, 
and  turning  without  difficulty  on  a  circle  such 
as  are  common  at  all  cross-roads. 

A  locomotive  weighing  six  tons  is  capable  of 
hauling  25,000  pounds  up  a  grade  of  525  feet  to 
the  mile  at  a  speed  of  3A  miles  an  hour.  The 
traction-power  of  the  machine  tested  was  equal 
to  30  horses. 

The  coefficient  of  traction  was  shown  to  be 
about  0.5  ;  the  weight  that  could  be  drawn  on 
a  perfectly  smooth  and  level  road  was  175,000 
pounds;  this  is  exclusive  of  the"  weight  of  the 
engine,  and  the  amount  of  fuel  required  is  esti- 
mated at  500  pounds  a  Tday.  In  handling  the 
machine  the  most  experienced  and  Bkillful  men 
are  required.  The  difference  between  the  per- 
formances of  the  same  engine  in  different  hands 
was  12%. 

It  is  estimated  that  the  expense  in  heavy 
hauling  by  steam  is  25%  less  than  the  cost  of 


The  Bodie  Claims. 

The  Bodie  mines  were  taken  up  under  United 
States  law,  and  held  as  from  the  United  States. 
But  now  it  transpires  that  tho  United  States 
did  not  own  the  land  occupied  by  many  of  the 
chief  mines  ;  on  the  contrary,  the  State  owned 
them,  and  the  United  States  could  not  allow 
any  one  to  hold  them  either  by  yearly  work  or 
by  purchase — in  fact,  had  no  claim  on  them 
whatever.  The  State  owns  the  16th  and  36th 
aections  of  every  township.  She  was  granted 
them  for  school  purposes.  Owning  them  Bhe 
has  a  right  to  sell  them.  This  Bhe  has  done  in 
the  present  case,  and  there  was  no  stay  in  her 
proceedings,  because  the  16th  section  of  one 
township  contained  some  of  Bodie's  richest 
mines.  The  plat  of  survey  of  the  land  in  ques- 
tion was  filed  on  March  16th,  1878.  At  that 
horBe-power  on  an  ordinary  road.  A  much  time  those  who  were  located  on  the  16th  sec- 
they  run  regular  trips  back  into  the  country,  a  I  larger  and  more  powerful  machine  is  now  being  |  tion  might  have  known  how  they  were  situated. 

From  that  date  they  were  al- 
lowed the  refusal  of  the  land 
for  six  months.  Those  six 
months  have  passed.  The  lo- 
cators have  not  purchased  from 
the  State.  Others  have  taken 
advantage  of  this  negligence, 
and  have  bought  the  land  and 
hold  a  State  title  to  it.  The 
title  seems  to  be  good,  and  all 
that  Bodie  can  do  is  to  compro- 
mise. The  interested  mines 
are:  Bodie,  South  Bodie,  South 
Standard,  Bed  Cloud  Consoli- 
dated, Belvidere,  Bodie  Tunnel 
and  Mining  Company,  Summit, 
White  Cloud,  Goodshaw,  Au- 
rora Tunnel,  Maybelle,  Con- 
cordia, Noonday,  Richelieu, 
Champion,  Sigourney,  Mono, 
Mono  and  Cross  Consolidated, 
Bodie  Hydraulic,  LaJy  Alice 
Tunnel  and  Mining  Company, 
Relief  Consolidated,  South 
Bulwer,  part  of  the  Bulwer 
Rustler, Dudley,  Requizon,  Re- 
public, Booker,  Humboldt, 
Double  Standard,  Jupiter, 
Glynn,  Daily,  South  Belvidere, 
and  the  placer  claims  of  Wm. 
Irwin,  John  F.  Boyd,  G.  S. 
Morton  and  others.  The  South 
Bulwer  has  compromised. 

Bodie   stock   has   been   sur- 
prisingly low  for  some  weeks 
past.       It    has     exhibited    a 
deadness     which     grew,  _  per- 
haps, out  of  some  premonition, 
if  not  positive  knowledge,    of  this  trouble.     It 
will  be  a  great  pity  if   this   flourishing  town  is 
to  receive  a  setback  here  on  the  very  threshold 
of  so  promising  a  career.     Mining  towns  in  the 
first  few  years  of  their  growth  are  particularly 
liable  to   such   disorders.      But  perhaps  non« 
other  ever  received  such   an  aggravating  blow 
as  this  that  has  been  dealt  Bodie. 


AN    IMPROVED    EOAD    LOCOMOTIVE,    OR    TRACTION    ENGINE. 


distance  of  16  miles,  taking  freight  from  the 
steamer,  and  bringing  wheat  back,  they  loaded 
six  Bain  header  wagons  with  300  sacks  of  grain, 
also  hauling  one  extra  Bain  header  wagon  con- 
taining a  tank  in  which  they  took  615  gallons 
of  water,  besides  Ih  tons  of  coal,  making  over 
24  tons  total  freight  in  wagons;  the  machine 
also  carried  tanks  secured  at  each  side  of  the 
boiler,  these  holding  250  gallons  of  water. 
Five  miles  of  the  road  was  very  dusty,  and  full 
of  ruts,  we  had  several  sloughs  to  cross,  making 
a  very  severe  test  of  the  traction  power  of  the 
machine.  But  if  the  roads  are  level,  hard  and 
free  from  ruts,  the  machine  ia  capable  of  haul- 
ing 35  tons  at  a  speed  of  three  miles  per 
hour. 

The  machine  works  admirably  as  to  pulling 
or  traction  qualities.  The  machine  weighed 
on  the  scales — having  steam  up  and  250  gallons 
of  water  in  the  tanks,  also  coal  in  the  cab — 11£ 
tons  total  weight. 

Capt.  Roberts'  Company  has  plenty  of  work 
for  a  large  number  of  these  machines,  as  they 
haul  freight  from  various  points  throughout  the 
Sacramento  and  San  Joaquin  valleys  to  their 
steamboats  and  barges  on  the  rivers. 

This  traction  engine  will  run  over  any  kind 
of  ground;  it  can  enter  any  farmer's  field,  plow 
his  ground,  and  at  the  proper  time  haul  away 
his  grain  or  other  freight,  running  in  any  direc- 
tion without  reference  to  depots  or  tracks  that 
at  present  are  so  necessary  for  the  transporta- 
tion business  of  the  country. 

From  the  recent  trial  of  this  engine,  the  con- 
structing engineer  deduced  the  following  con- 


built  for  the  company  by  Root,  Neilsou  &  Co. , 
Sacramento.  The  inventor  is  Mr.  R.  R,  Doan, 
who  commenced  many  years  ago  to  study  the 
problem  of  substituting  steam  power  for  animal 
power  on  the  highways  and  for  farm  use. 
After  years  of  toil  and  the  expenditure  of  a 
large  amount  of  money,  building  the  machine 
in  several  styles,  he  has  profited  by  the  expe- 
rience, and  we  believe  that  he  has  accomplished 
the  desired  result,  in  the  road  locomotive 
represented  by  our  engraving.  C.  W.  M. 


Boswell  Fruit  Drier. — We  call  attention 
to  the  advertisement  of  the  Boswell  heater 
company  on  page  16  of  this  issue.  The  princi- 
ple of  deflected  heat  as  applied  to  drying  fruit 
seems  to  be  worthy  the  attention  of  all  inter- 
ested in  that  branch  of  industry.  The  com- 
bined apparatus  for  cooking,  baking,  heating, 
drying,  etc.,  is  a  great  auxilliary  to  the  econ- 
omy of  housekeeping,  and  the  apparatus  is  also 
claimed  to  be  the  most  economical  as  well  as 
the  best  arrangement  for  drying  fruit,  etc., 
that  is  now  before  the  public.  Mr.  E.  L.  Sulli- 
van, an  old  and  well-known  citizen  of  the  State, 
is  at  the  head  of  the  company. 

The  Salt  River  Herald  says:  Messrs.  I.  N. 
Cohen  &  Co.  have  received  30,000  pounds  of 
copper  from  the  Longfellow  company  during  the 
past  week;  shipping  20,000  to  the  railroad  du- 
ring the  same  time. 

Work  progresses  favorably  at  the  Black 
Jack,  Idaho. 


Pacific  Coast  Postal  Changes.— Following 
are  the  postal  changes  for  the  week  ending  Dec. 
29th :  Offices  Established— Novelty,  Kings 
county,  Washington  Territory,  George  B. 
Boyce,  Postmaster.  Ashley,  Wasatch  county, 
Utah,  Wm.  H.  Wallis,  Postmaster.  Offices 
Discontinued — Laplays,  San  Luis  Obispo 
county,  California.  Name  Changed — Willow 
Forks,  Umatilla  county,  Oregon,  to  Pettysville. 
Postmasters  Appointed— Charles  Crandall,  Al- 
toona,  Trinity  county;  Karl  H.  Plate,  Tyrone, 
Sonoma  county,  California.  Henry  Williams, 
Sweetwater,  .  Esmeralda  county,  Nevada. 
David  Somniers,  Summersville,  Union  county; 
Joshua  Pullen,  Zion,  Clackamas  county,  Oregon. 
Samuel  Egesley,  Silver  Spring,  Salt  Lake 
county,  Utah. 

The  Little  Emma,  Democrat  mountain,  Col- 
orado, was  discovered  in  May,  1877.  It  haa 
since  produced  §22,853.09  net. 


The  Tiptop  company,  at  their  mill,  Gillett, 
are  produoing  silver  bullion  at  the  rate  of  $60,- 
000  a  month. 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[January  4,  1879. 


CJD 


Correspondence. 


We  admit,  unendorsed,  opinions  of  correspondents.—  Eds. 


Scenes   in   the   High   Sierra    Back   of 
Tosemite— Continued. 

[Written  for  the  Press  by  J.  G.  Lejimon.] 
No.  2.    Mount  Lyell  and  its  Glaciers. 

"Who  has  not  heard  of  the  lofty  Lyell  group 
of  peaks,  and  of  their  system  of  still  living 
glaciers?"  The  dignified  Prof.  Whitney  has 
ably  described  them  in  the  cold  exact  terms  of 
science,  and  the  Bonny  Scot,  Johnny  Muir,  has 
set  them  forth  in  warm,  glowing  language,  that 
is  just  as  truthful,  and  ten  times  more  readable 
for  the  average  mind.  "Who  would  not  visit 
them  from  a  distance,  if  able,  especially,  who 
would  not  make  a  desperate  effort  if  he  hap- 
pened fco  be  in  sight  of  the  glistening  pinnacles, 
even  though  his  back  was  nearly  broken  ?"  Thus 
I  reasoned  as  I  looked  off  from  the  dizzy  crown 
of  Tis-sa-ack,  and  studied  the  approaches  to  the 
wondrous  group  lying  about  20  miles  distant, 
as  the  bird  flies,  but  with  many  miles  of  bald 
ridges  and  tortuous,  wooded,  dark  valleys 
between.  But  resolution  and  ability  were  not 
in  accord  this  time.  The  next  morning  I  was 
unable  to  saddle  my  horse,  and  the  next  after, 
found  me  too  weak  to  venture  the  chances  of  a 
toilsome,  dangerous  excursion,  especially  as  I 
was  alone.  But  to  acquire  strength  I  moved 
painfully  about  the  woods  near  Anderson's 
cabin,  securing  among  other  rare  plants,  the 
Bokindra  CaU/ornica,  Gray,  the  type  of  a  genus 
composed  of  a  single  species,  and  dedicated  to 
Prof.  Bolander,  who,  with  the  founder  of  Jthe 
genus,  are  the  only  botanists  that  are  reported 
to  have  met  with  the  plant.  The  curious  plants 
belongs  to  the  saxifrages,  very  singularly  com- 
bining in  itself  the  characters  of  four  or  five  of 
the  genera. 

Another    striking  plant  growing   here  in  a 

frassy  bog,  was  discovered  by  Bolander,  in  the 
lariposa  station  meadows,  and  named  lay  him 
Senecia  Glarhianus,  in  honor  of  Galen  Clark,  the 
genial  pioneer  of  this  region,  and  the  present 
guardian  of  Yosemite  valley. 

The  third  morning  found  me  on  the  Mono 
trail  leading  my  burdened  horse  up  the  pass  to 
Cathedral  valley.  The  trail  was  in  places 
obliterated  by  roving  bands  of  sheep,  causing 
much  delay  in  searching  for  it,  for  attempting 
to  proceed  by  any  other  way  was  fruitless.  It 
was  late  in  the  eve  when,  after  treading  the  long 
valley  skirting  the  curious  Cathedral,  crossing 
spurs  and  winding  around  glacier  lakes,  I 
began  to  descend  into  a  deep  and  broad  valley, 
upon  the  farther  side  of  which  a  column  of 
smoke  beaconed  the  way  to  Soda  spring  and  to 
Lambert's  cabin,  a  warm  supper  and  a  rude 
couch — the  latter  all  too  poorly  supplied  with 
blankets  for  my  weak,  dispirited  condition. 

The  Tuolumne  meadows  carpet  the  floor  of 
the  deep,  even-sided  nearly  straight  valley  of 
the  upper  Tuolumne,  for  a  space  of  eight  or  ten 
miles  long  by  a  half  to  a  mile  wide. 

This  valley  is  the  track,  the  wallowing  trail 
of  an  immense  glacier  of  the  olden  times,  and 
every  tough,  rounded  rock  appearing  on  the 
floor  or  sides,  shows  the  grinding  action  of  the 
crawling  monster,  many  of  the  silicious  rocks 
shining  like  glass. 

Avalanches. 

The  sides  of  the  valley  are  clothed  with  the 
luxuriant  Pinus  contorta  (miscalled  "Tama- 
rack"), save  where  broad  gaps  of  one-half  to  a 
mile,  show  where  from  the  snow-gathering 
crests  along  the  lofty  rim  avalanches  of  snow  and 
rocks  thundered  down,  carrying  the  forest  with 
them  out  into  the  valley.  Some  of  the 
avalanches  occurred  at  recent  date,  how  recent 
might  be  easily  approximated  by  cutting  trees 
upepringing  in  their  track  and  counting  their 
rings  of  annual  growth.  Others  cleared  the 
timber  off  their  pre-emption  so  long  ago  that 
the  forest  is  nearly  restored,  but  the  precise 
width  and  comparative  violence  of  the  slide  can 
be  determined  by  noting  the  hummocks  of  rocks 
and  earth  lying  in  interrupted  bands  along  the 
center  of  the  valley — telling  where  decayed  the 
uptorn  trees.         ^ 

Above  Soda  spring  a  mile  or  two,  the 
Tuolumne  river,  clear,  cold  and  singularly  des- 
titute of  fish,  divides  into  two  branches.  The 
east  branch  comes  from  circling  around  the 
bases  of  Mounts  Dana  and  Gibbs,  11  miles 
distant ;  the  south  branch,  called  Lyell  Fork, 
comes  gliding  alone  a  valley  similar  to  the 
meadows,  but  with  still  more  interesting 
evidences  of  snow  and  rock-slides.  At  the  south 
end  the  walls  close  in  and  the  water  comes  from 
two  sources,  cascading  down  a  precipice  half 
a  mile  high.  Leaving  my  faithful  Stanley  here 
securely  tethered  with  a  long  rope  where  he 
could  eat  and  drink  at  will,  I  prepared  to  climb 
the  precipice  in  the  early  morning  of  a  fine 
August  day.  The  vicissitudes  of  a  long,  peril- 
ous exploration  had  endeared  us  to  each  other, 
and  it  was  with  poignant  sorrow  that  I  shouted 
in  reply  to  his  neighing  entreaties  sent  lovingly 
after  me  as  I  clambered  up  the  precipice. 
Climbing  Mt.  Lyell 

As  I  neared  the  top  of  this  precipice,  I 
looked  expectantly  for  the  peaks  of  Lyell,  only 
to  find  a  broad,  bush-covered  bench,  back  of 
which  a  mile  away,  rose  another  precipice  a 
half  mile  high.  Climbing  wearily  up  this,  aided 
by  the  spirea  and  gooseberry  shrubs  clinging  to 
the  crevices  of  the  rocks,  I  was  encouraged  by  a 
most  enchanting  view  of  the  peaks  five  miles 
away.     Between  lay  an  alpine  plateau,  destitute 


of  trees,  covered  as  late  as  July  with  snow,  now 
partially  exposed,  revealing  dozens  of  small 
placid  emerald  lakes  imbedded  in  steep  grasBy 
banks,  brilliant  with  rare  flowers  and  butter- 
flies. 

The  lakes  with  all  their  decorations  were 
arranged  in  lines,  between  which  rose  long 
ridges  of  snow.  Mounting  one  of  these,  I  saw 
that  they  led  back  a  mile  to  still  another  preci- 
pice, on  the  brow  of  which  loomed  the  rounded, 
front-face  of  a  semi-circular  moraine.  The  re- 
gion of  living  glaciers  was  near,  and  joyfully  I 
hurried  over  snow  ridges  and  around  lakes, 
only  occasionally  snatching  a  flower  and  crowd- 
ing it  into  my  portfolio,  or  pinning  a  butterfly 
to  my  hat.  X  must  not  stop  to  study  these 
wonderful  phenomena  now,  for  the  noontide 
sun  is  shining  hot,  and  the  grand  arcana  is  but 
entered. 

"Will  precipices  never  end,"  I  exclaimed 
while  pulling  myself  up  the  slippery,  moss- 
grown  rocks  by  laying  hold  of  clumps  of 
Bryanthus  Breweri,  prettiest  of  California 
heathers,  so  charming  that  I  must  be  pardoned 
for  stopping  to  observe.  One  bluff  several  hun- 
dred feet  in  extent,  was  all  ablaze  with  crimson 
and  orange,  the  blended  colors  of  this  heather 
and  another  exquisite  relative,  Cassiope  Merten- 
siana. 

At  last  I  encountered  the  sharp,  steep-piled 
rocks  of  the  moraine.  Twice  in  my  eagerness 
to  get  up,  I  displaced  rocks  and  with  them 
tumbled  to  the  bottom.  When  at  length  I 
reached  the  crest,  tired,  bruised  and  torn, 
a  scene  appeared  tliat  stirred  my  being  to  its  very 
deptlis !  A  still,  azure  lake,  its  farther  shore 
being  filled  in  with  a  vast  semi-circle  of  angu- 
lar rocks,  which  was  curled  around  the  front  of 
an  immense  precipice  of  solid  blue  ice  40  feet 
high,  and  reaching  from  wall  to  wall  of  the 
canyon,  its  steel-blue  upper  edge  along  its  en- 
tire rainbow  curve  burdened  at  intervals  with 
toppling  rocks,  some  of  them  as  large  as  dwell- 
ing houses,  while  beyond  and  over  all  towered 
the  snow-striped  pinnacles  of  Lyell. 

I  could  not  shout  this  time,  for  I  was  think- 
ing of  far-away  friends.  I  could  only  murmur 
the  names  of  each  and  fervently  wish  them 
there  at  that  supreme  hour  ! 

But  we  must  not  linger  here.  Other  start- 
ling phenomena  are  at  hand,  and  we  will  try  to 
study  them  in  proper  connection  at  the  close. 
Now,  our  business  is  climbing.  We  are  yet  to 
surmount  formidable  and  unexpected  difficul- 
ties. 

Turning  the  flank  of  this  barrier  I  was  soon 
on  the  back  of  the  glacier.  The  snow  of  sev- 
eral seasons  lies  on  the  top,  blown  by  the  wind 
into  ridges  and  melted  between  by  the  sun. 
Here  and  there  evenly  scattered  over  the  sur- 
face lie  rocks  of  all  sizes  and  shapes,  torn,  as 
we  shall  see,  from  the  pinnacles  above.  Hurry- 
ing over  the  drifts  and  through  the  streams  of 
water  partially  filling  the  furrows,  I  struck  out 
for  the  nearest  peak.  At  its  top  a  sweeping 
curve  of  sharp  rock  led  to  a  higher  one,  and 
this  to  another.  On  and  up  I  pressed,  my  in- 
jured back  complaining  sharply  and  almost  com- 
pelling a  return.  The  flora  was  singularly 
abundant  on  these  extreme  bights,  but  I  could 
only  pause  for  a  few  rare  species.  By  mistake 
I  first  ascended  Mt.  McClure  nearly  to  the  top, 
when,  by  chance,  I  angled  a  little  to  the  left, 
and  there,  a  mile  away  to  the  south,  across  a 
deeply  furrowed  ice-field,  rose  the  loftier  peak 
of  Lyell.  My  watch  told  me  it  was  1:30  p.  m., 
and  I  knew  I  was  at  least  10  miles  from  my 
bivouac.  But  my  resolution  was  immediately 
taken.  I  slid  down  an  incline  of  splintered 
rocks  to  the  ice-field,  climbed  over  rib  after  rib 
of  the  hard  snow  nearly  to  the  base  of  the 
shining  pinnacles,  before  I  came  upon  the 
widest  crevasses  of  this  ice-field.  [One  I  discov- 
ered too  late  for  my  comfort.  In  my  haste  I 
ran  up  the  side  of  a  rib  and  sprung  over  to  slide 
swiftly  but  without  injury  to  the  bottom  of  a 
crevasse  about  12  feet  deep  and  four  wide. 
Here  was  an  adventure  !  However,  I  was  glad 
that  chance  thus  gave  me  an  opportunity  to  in- 
spect the  bottom  of  a  glacier,  after  which  with 
my  ever-ready  botanical  pick  I  dug  holes  in  the 
inclined  lower  side  of  the  crevasse  for  fingers 
and  toes,  and  was  soon  on  the  way  again.  As 
I  gazed  up  the  culminating  peak,  and  saw  bar- 
riers innumerable  with  beetling  crags  surmount- 
ing almost  vertical  walls,  I  became  well-nigh 
discouraged.  But'  around  to  the  south  side 
appeared  a  heap  of  talus  (broken  rocks),  and  I 
judged  a  passage  of  some  kind  must  be  there; 
so  I  hastened  around  to  see.  There  was  a  pass- 
age to  be  sure,  but  what  a  fearful  one  !  A  soft 
stratum  of  slate  rock  had  crumbled  away  from 
between  two  vertical  cleavage  planes  of  granite 
about  six  feet  apart.  At  intervals  huge  blocks 
of  granite  were  lodged  corner-wise  in  this  open 
cut,  while  on  the  bottom  piles  of  debris  formed 
nearly  horizontal  landings,  where  temporarily 
arrested  a  few  rods  apart.  I  at  once  entered 
this  chasm,  for  this  Appian  Way  was  my  only 
hope  to  reach  the  summit.  But  the  situation 
was  frightful,  and  my  nerves  which  never 
blanched  before,  not  even  when  charging  a 
battery  of  belcbing  cannon,  now  caused  a  ting- 
ling sensation  from  head  to  foot.  I  think  it  re- 
sulted from  the  injury  to  my  back.  I  almost 
recoiled  from  passing  under  boulders  that,  it 
seemed,  only  a  touch  might  dislodge. 

Once  the  landing  of  debris  gave  way  beneath 
my  feet,  and  I  was  precipitated  wildly  down  to 
the  next  landing,  which,  luckily,  was  strong 
enough  to  resist  the  shock.  Having  reached  the 
top  of  my  narrow-gauge,  I  found  myself  still 
several  hundred  feet  below  the  summit.  I  had 
read  in  "Whitney's  Guide,"  that  when  Clarence 
King  climbed  this  peak,  he  was  stopped  when 
within  about  150  feet  of  the  top  by  a  horizontal 


knife-edge  of  12  feet  long.  I  hoped  that  my 
short-cut  came  out  above  this  barrier,  but  in  a 
few  minutes  climb,  I  came  upon  the  forbidding 
"knife-edge,"  with  a  sheer  precipice  of  1,000 
feet  on  each  side. 

Resolutely  clambering  to  it,  I  clasped  my 
gloved  left  hand  over  the  sharp  edge,  and  with 
my  pick  in  my  right,  dug  niches  in  the  side  for 
the  edge  of  my  nailed  boots,  six  such  cuts  en- 
abling me  to  cross  the  frightful  barrier.  Ten 
minutes  afterward  I  swung  my  hat  triumphantly 
in  the  breeze  from  the  highest  pinnacle  of  Lyell, 
13,217  feet  above  the  sea  1 

The  views  on  every  side  from  this  peculiarly 
central  station  are  unexcelled  on  this  coast,  but 
as  nearly  the  same  are  presented  from  Dana, 
which  I  am  next  to  explore,  description  is 
omitted  here  to  give  room  for  promised  studies  of 
glaciers  and  their  work,  which  will  be  the  sub- 
ject of  my  next  article. 

A  Snake  River  Debate. 

Saving*  Fine  Gold. 

Gold  has,  for  years,  been  known  to  exist  on 
the  Snake  river,  but  so  fine  is  the  gold  that  it 
is  only  very  lately  that  a  successful  method  has 
been  applied  there.  "This  method,"  says  a 
Park  City  correspondent  of  the  Salt  Lake 
Tribune,  ' '  is  not  generally  understood,  even  by 
old  placer  miners,  who  have  mined  for  coarse 
gold,  unless  they  have  also  worked  in  gold 
quartz  mills.  From  the  knowledge  I  have  of 
Snake  river,  I  am  satisfied  there  is  very  little 
chance  of  hydraulicking.  There  is  not  fall 
enough,  nor  is  the  material  of  a  nature  to  re- 
quire that  kind  of  force  to  tear  the  cement, 
clay  and  other  tough  material  found  in  gravel 
diggings.  So  that  I  shall  describe  the  process 
as  though  the  water  was  to  be  pumped  into  the 
sluices : 

"  1.  You  place  a  line  of  sluice  boxes,  long 
or  short,  according  to  the  nature  of  the  mate- 
rial that  carries  the  gold;  if  it  is  sand  without 
clay  or  sticky  material,  a  few  boxes  will  be 
sufficient.  In  the  lower  box,  before  any  plates 
are  used,  there  should  be  a  sheet  iron  lined  box 
or  long-tom,  from  which  all  the  rock  must  be 
forked  out,  so  that  nothing  but  muddy  water 
and  fine  sand  passes  down  over  the  plates  to 
be  placed  below. 

"  2.  Place  the  boxes  which  contain  the  plates 
as  flat  as  you  can,  and  have  the  water  and  sand 
pass  over  them  without  clogging;  the  slower  it 
passes  the  more  gold  will  atop.  No  coarse 
gravel  should  be  allowed  to  pass  over  them  or 
the  amalgam  will  be  scratched  off.  If  it  is  not, 
it  is  because  it  is  too  hard  and  not  in  proper 
condition  to  catch  fine  gold,  or  coarse  either. 

"  Old  mill  men  will  tell  you  the  softer  the 
amalgam  can  be  kept  on  the  plates  and  not 
break  and  pass  off,  the  better  its  condition  to 
save  gold.  It  is  obvious,  then,  that  coarse  ma- 
terial should  not  be  allowed  to  pass  over  them, 
and  that  the  line  of  sluice  boxes  above  should 
be  long  enough  to  wash  clean  and  fork  out  all 
but  the  water  and  sand. 

"3.  The  boxes  containing  the  plates  shouldibe 
stout,  and  placed  one  below  the  level  of  the 
other  with  a  drop  of  six  or  nine  inches.  This 
keeps  the  sand  stirred  up,  turns  it  over  and 
presents  new  surfaces, 

"4.  The  length  necessary  to  be  plated  can 
only  be  ascertained  by  actual  practice.  If  the 
gold  is  easily  amalgamated,  a  few  feet  would  be 
sufficient.  The  only  safe  rule  would  be  to  keep 
adding  plates  below  as  long  as  any  gold  stops. 

"5.  Much  has  been  written  about  silver  plat- 
ing. While  I  admit  that  they  are  the  least 
.trouble,  they  are  not  absolutely  necessary.  Take 
Bheet  copper,  say  an  eighth  of  an  inch  thick, 
and  scour  it  bright  and  smooth.  This  may  be 
done  with  rotten  stone,  ashes  and  soap,  or 
other  material  that  will  not  scratch  or  indent  the 
plate.  Finish  off  with  dilute  acid,  either  sul- 
phuric or  muriatic,  by  three  parts  of  water  to 
one  of  acid.  This  should  be  kept  in  a  porcelain 
kettle,  to  apply  to  any  spot  where  the  amalgam 
rubs  off  and  the  copper  shows  through.  Add 
to  the  above  solution  a  little  cyanide  of  po- 
tassium. 

"6.  Now,  to  amalgamate  your  plates,  get 
some  good  silver  or  gold  amalgam,  which  does 
not  contain  much  base  metal.  You  can  tell  this 
by  the  feel — if  base,  it  will  be  greasy  and  stain 
the  fingers,if  pure,it  will  squeak  when  pinched, 
and  will  not  soil  the  hands.  Soften  this  with 
quicksilver,  and  rub  once  over  the  plate  at  first 
quite  softly.  When  the  surface  shows  like  a 
silver  plate,  add  more  dry  amalgam  and  go  over 
again  until  a  coating  adheres  that  can  be  rubbed 
off  with  a  piece  of  belting,  either  leather  or 
rubber;  and,  by  the  way,  this  is  the  only 
Bcraper  that  should  be  used  until  the  plate  is 
thoroughly  and  permanently  amalgamated. 

"If  the  above  directions  are  followed,  a  plate 
will  be  produced  that  no  speck  of  gold  on  Snake 
river  can  tell  from  a  silver  plate,  and  will  not 
pass  over  it  to  meet  one.  Sheet  copper  can  be 
found  almost  any  place  where  quartz  mills  are 
operating,  and  can  be  prepared  by  miners  them- 
selves. The  delay  and  expense  of  sending  for 
silver  .plated  ones  is  beyond  the  means  of  most 
prospectors.  A  well  amalgamated  copper  is  as 
good  and  will  save  as  much  gold  as  a  silver 
plate..  The  difference  is,  that  the  amalgam 
comes  off  of  copper  in  spots  where  much  splash- 
ing or  friction  exists,  as  in  the  inside  of  bat- 
teries, et(C7  but  in  sluice  boxes,  with  a  uniform 
body  of  water  passing  over  them,  and  close 
watching  to  keep  them  amalgamated,  I  think 
they  will  be  found  good  enough." 

In  the  columns  of  the  same  paper,  "Snake 
Bite"  thus  challenges  "  '49er. "  The  latter,  he 
says,  is  correct  in  stating  that  silver-plated  cop- 


per plates  are  not  absolutely  necessary  in  sluice 
mining.  He  is  "open  to  correction,  however,  in 
regard  to  the  instruction  he  gives  for  making 
the  necessary  appliances,  setting  the  boxes  and 
preparing  the  copper  plates. 

"1.  It  is  not  necessary  in  the  new  machine, 
to  fork  out  the  coarse  rock,  as  he  states,  it 
would  cost  too  much.    - 

( '2.  He  is  in  error  when  he  directs  to  'place 
the  boxes  as  flat  as  you  can'  to  catch  fine  gold. 
The  finer  the  gold  the  steeper  the  boxes  should 
be  set,  as  the  sand  will  pack  in  a  box  with  little 
inclination,  and  the  fine  gold  will  not  work  its 
way  to  the  bottom. 

"3.  While  I  agree  with  him  that  silver  plat- 
ing is  leBs  trouble,it  is  not  absolutely  necessary, 
but  his  directions  for  amalgamating  will  produce 
the  very  results  that  silver  plating  is  designed 
to  prevent,  to  wit:  the  oxidation  of  the  copper 
and  the  consequent  discoloration  of  the  plates. 
No  acid  should  be  used;  and  the  plates  can  be 
amalgamated  without  it  if  you  know  how  (there 
is  the  rub),  and  be  as  efficient  as  if  plated  with 
silver. 

"Miners  are  beginning  to  realize  that  placer 
mining  can  be  improved  upon  as  well  as  mill 
processes,  and  the  new  mode  of  working,  I  have 
no  doubt,  will  result  in  the  output  of  millions 
of  dollars  in  the  region  of  country  along  and 
near  Snake  river. 


Gold  Sands. 


The  following  paper  was  read  before  the  Cal- 
ifornia State  Geological  Society:  A  short  time 
ago  a  gentleman  having  a  patent  for  the  use  of 
petroleum  as  fuel  in  making  iron  and  for  the 
smelting  of  lead  and  other  ores,  called  at  the 
rooms  of  this  society  for  information  as  to  the 
situation,  extent  and  richness  of  the  iron  mines 
of  this  State.  Our  worthy  Secretary,  Mr. 
Heydenfeldt,  after  having  put  him  in  possession 
of  the  required  information,  gave  him  a  letter 
of  introduction  to  me.  At  the  time  he  called  to 
deliver  it,  I  was  reading  Mr.  J.  H.  Godfrey's 
paper  on  the  geology  of  Japan,  published  in  our 
Quarterly  Journal,  August  1st,  1878,  wherein 
he  says:  "About  two-thirds  of  the  whole  pro- 
duction of  iron  in  Japan  is  derived  from  the 
treatment  of  the  sand  of  magnetic  iron  ore. 
The  principal  deposits  of  this  iron  sand  are  f  jund 
along  the  eastern  and  southern  shores  of  the 
main  island  (Nippon),  and  usually  they  appear 
to  have  been  derived  from  the  decomposition  of 
the  neighboring  granitic  rocks." 

In  another  place  he  says:  "Sand  of  magnetic 
iron  ore  undoubtedly  derived  from  the  adjoin- 
ing volcanic  and  metamorphic  rocks,  is  fre- 
quently met  with  along  the  seashore  and 
largely  used  for  manufacturing  an  excellent 
quality  of  iron,  as  for  instance  at  Nakayama, 
Province  of  Gueshin."  Having  the  facts  in  my 
mind,  I  suggested  to  Mr.  Eames  to  make  a  trial 
of  the  magnetites,  in  our  gold  sands,  which  are 
to  be  found  in  such  quantities  on  this  coast,  the 
condition  of  such  ore  being,  as  1  conceived,  so 
well  adapted  for  the  flame  from  petroleum. 
Mr.  Eames,  I  am  pleased  to  say,  is  now  erect- 
ing a  trial  furnace  at  old  Sauceiito,  and  I  feel 
very  sanguine  as  to  the  results.  I  make  no 
doubt  but  what  he  will  be  able  to  manufacture 
the  shoes,  dies,  etc.,  required  for  our  quartz 
mills  direct  from  the  ore."  If  the  ore  is  obtained 
from  our  gold  sands  two  dollars  per  ton  should 
pay  for  concentration,  leaving  the  gold  for 
profit.  Manufactures  of  this  kind,  giving  em- 
ployment to  so  many,  ought  to  receive  every 
encouragement.  The  fuel  and  ore  exist  in 
abundance  on  this  coast,  and  also  the  best  mar- 
ket for  the  manufactured  article,  which  in 
reality  only  requires  labor  to  psoduce  it. 

I  have  had  a  number  of  samples  of  sand  sent 
to  me  from  the  beach  near  the  Ocean  house. 
The  first  I  tried  yielded  at  the  rate  of  $5  per  ton 
for  gold,  and  contained  about  25%  of  magnetite, 
with  some  chrome.  The  others  gave  about  50 
cents  per  ton  for  gold,  and  from  15%  to  65%  of 
magnetite.  The  concentration,  I  imagine,  would 
be  a  very  simple  affair,  but  the  ore  should  be 
made  as  clean  as  possible,  and  ought  to  contain 
at  least  90%  of  magnetite.  Two  of  Bunton's  ore 
dressing  frames  would,  I  think,  do  the  work  of 
concentration  very  well.  The  prepared  canvas 
of  the  first  frame  should  revolve  more  rapidly 
than  when  used  in  dressing  lead  ore,  and  have  a 
slight  percussion  movement  added  to  it,  the 
strength  of  the  blow  from  which  ought  to  be  so 
arranged  that  the  person  attending  the  frame 
could  vary  it  to  suit  the  work.  The  second 
frame  should  have  the  prepared  canvas  covered 
at  intervals  with  silvered  plates,  and  be  worked 
slower  than  the  other  frame,  and  so  placed  that 
the  partially  dressed  ore  from  the  first  could 
pass  over  it. 

Mr.  A.  exhibited  drawings  of  two  gold-wash- 
ing machines  which  were  used  200  years  ago 
with  direction  of  how  they  were  worked  ;  also, 
a  diagram  and  description  of  Brunton's  ore 
dressing  frames,  published  in  the  London  Mining 
Journal,  in  1846,  and  ore  by  himself  for  treating 
lead  and  copper  slimes,  also  published  in  the 
London  Mining  Journal,  1S43,  and  one  cut  out 
of  the  Mining  Press  of  San  Francisco  last 
week. 

The  use  of  petroleum  as  a  fuel  bids  fair  to 
revolutionize  all  our  smelting  operations,  and  it 
will  not  be  long  before  it  will  take  the  place  of 
coal  in  the  treatments  of  copper,  silver,  lead,  and 
other  ores,  even  in  the  calcination  and  distilla- 
tion of  zinc;  but  by  far  the  most  important  will 
be  in  iron  making,  particularly  in  the  puddling 
furnace.  Where  a  constant  and  high  tempera- 
ture under  perfect  control  is  required,  it  will 
take  the  place  of  everything  else — indeed,  the 
only  limit  to  its  use,  I  think,  will  be  its  cost. 


BT.  i   l 


January  4    1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


Iron  in  Car  Construction. 

Much  thought  and  labor  has  been  expended 
in  the  construction  of  railroad  cars,  to  obviate 
the  necessity  of  carrying  such  a  large  proportion 
of  dead  weight,  as  has  hitherto  been  considered 
necessary,  whether  for  passengers  or  freight  ; 
any  improvement  which  will  bring  about  a 
favorable  change  iu  the  ratio  between  dead  load 
and  carrying  capacity  must  be  of  proportionate 
value.  Mr.  Albert  F.  Hill,  of  Cincinnati, 
recently  read  a  very  interesting  paper  on  this 
subject,  at  a  meeting  of  the  Master  Car  Build- 
ers' Association,  from  which  we  extract  as 
follows  : 

Remembering  that  the  same  mechanical 
principles  which  govern  the  design  and  con- 
struction of  a  bridge  hold  equally  good  in  the 
construction  of  a  roof  or  a  warehouse  tloor,  etc., 
there  can  be  no  impropriety  in  considering  a 
freight  car-body  as  a  perambulating  bridge,  or 
a  bridge  on  wheels.  Conceding  this  view  of  the 
subject  to  be  tenable,  it  will  not  be  ditlicult  to 
determine  the  proper  principles  which  should 
govern  and  the  proper  materials  which  should 
enter  into  the  construction  of  freight  cars. 

The  tendency  to  substitute  iron  for  wood  in 
engineering  and  architectural  structures  has  of 
late  years  steadily  increased,  until  at  the  present 
time  the  wooden  railroad  bridge  has  become  the 
exception  and  the  iron  bridge  the  rule,  and  it 
will  not  be  long  before  steel  will  supersede  the 
iron  in  large  spans.  In  our  cities,  iron  build- 
ings or  stone  buildings  with  iron  doors  supersede 
every  year  more  and  more  brick  and  wood. 
Durability,  strength,  lightness  and  elegance  of 
construction,  as  well  as  true  economy,  are  the 
principal  qualities  by  which  metallic  structures 
commend  themselves. 

Applying  this  to  car  construction,  I  think  the 
point  of  greater,  in  fact  considerably  greater, 
durability  will  be  readily  conceded.  Unfortu- 
nately, no  reliable  or  rather  positive  information 
as  to  the  life  of  freight  cars  seems  obtainable, 
under  our  present  system  of  freight  service,  and 
the  continual  interchange  of  cars  over  the  dif- 
ferent lines.  Still,  barring  accidents  of  course, 
it  will  be  safe  to  assume  the  life  of  a  car-body 
to  vary  from  eight  to  ten  years  at  the  moat. 
There  are  Borne  few  instances  of  greater  dura- 
bility on  record,  but  mostly  on  roads  which 
have  but  little  freight  traffic  and  less  interchange 
over  other  roadB.  The  life  of  a  metallic  car,  on 
the  other  hand,  may  safely  be  estimated  at  from 
35  to  40  years. 

In  order  to  illustrate  his  views,  Mr.  Hill  in- 
stituted a  minute  comparison  between  the  best 
constructed  ordinary  wooden-box  freight  cars, 
and  the  iron  car  which  he  proposed.  He  dissect- 
ed the  wooden  car  piece  by  piece,  giving  the 
weight  and  strength  of  each,  and  then  rebuilt 
the  same  car  with  iron  wherever  that  metal 
could  be  introduced.  We  have  not  the  space 
to  go  into  the  particulars  of  this  illustration, 
and  can  only  give  his  conclusions,  which  were 
summed  up  as  follows: 

I  have  made  a  rough  calculation  of  the 
weights  in  that  car,  and  I  get  the  following  re- 
sults (some  of  these  are  accurately  calculated 
and  others  only  approximately,  but  near  enough 
for  all  practical  purposes):  1  get  two  trusses 
weighing  1,680  lbs, ;  rolled  and  wrought  iron, 
1,760  lbs.;  cast  iron,  300  lbs.;  wood,  nearly 
4,000  lbs.  I  think  I  might  be  able  to  do  it 
with  considerably  leBS  wood  yet,  but  I  have 
assumed  the  same  floor  system  that  is  in  this 
car,  and  that,  with  the  end  oak  timbers  and 
buffer  blocks,  and  some  inside  lining,  runs  up 
to  4,000  lbs.;  and  of  sheet  iron,  2,260  lbs., 
making  a  total  of  10,000  lbs.  Now  this  car 
stands  thus:  Approximate  weight  of  body,  10,- 
000  lbs. — and  the  weight  of  the  car  will  fall 
within  that;  it  can  be  constructed  with  less; 
then  for  two  trucks,  8,700  lbs.,  making  a  total 
of  18,700  lbs.  for  the  whole  car  ready  for  use, 
with  a  carrying  capacity  of  20  tons.  The 
wooden  car  which  has  served  in  its  general 
dimensions  and  general  arrangements  as  a  model 
for  this  metallic  car  has  a  carrying  capacity  of 
12  tons,  and  a  total  weight  of  22,000  lbs. 
Granting  that  this  wooden  car  when  new  and  in 
good  condition,  can  carry  15  tons,  though  I 
think  that  this  is  the  maximum  that  ought  to 
be  put  iu  that  car,  we  have  increased  the  carry- 
ing capacity  25%  and  reduced  the  dead  weight 
nearly  the  same  amount. 

That  a  metallic  car  constructed  as  this  is,  will 
effect  such  savings  as  indicated  here,  is  open  to 
the  calculation  of  every  one  of  you.  There  is 
no  difficulty  in  calculating  these  strains  and  iu 
getting  the  amounts  of  metal  that  are  necessary 
for  those  Btrains. 

The  above-mentioned  of  gain  in  weight  and 
capacity,  it  will  be  observed,  is  calculated  for  a 
car  of  the  ordinary  size  of  wooden  cars;  but  Mr. 
Hill  proposes  to  add  greatly  to  the  length  of  the 
cars  when  made  of  iron — or  what  would  be  still 
better,  of  steel.  His  ideal  metal  car  would  be 
at  least  45  feet  long,  built  upon  the  principle  of 
the  truss  bridge.  Indeed  he  calls  hi3  car  "a 
bridge  on  wheels." 

Where  the  real  saving  in  metallic   cars  will 


oome  in  will  be  by  lengthening  them  out,  and 
lengthening  them  out  considerably.  With 
every  foot  that  you  add,  you  will  not  only  in- 
crease your  carrying  capacity,  but,  if  you  will 
go  far  enough,  you  will  not  only  increase  your 
carrying  capacity  for  that  foot,  but  you  will  de- 
crease dead-weight  iu  still  greater  proportion. 
This  car  [the  umall  metal  car  built  of  the 
same  dimension!  with  the  wooden  box  car 
of  which  he  had  been  speaking]  is  altogether 
too  light  a  car  to  employ  steel  in  builiciently 
large  quantities  in  it;  but  get  a  truss  4.r>  feet 
long  and  give  that  car  a  carrying  capacity  of  at 
least  40  tons,  and  yon  can  take  advautage,  in 
almost  every  member  of  that  truss,  of  the 
greater  tensile  and  compressive  strength  of 
steel. 


Testing  Boiler  Iron. 

The  following  is  from  a  late  report  of  a  Gov- 
ernment official  on  the  important  matter  of 
boiler  inspection.  It  is  evidently  necessary 
that  a  positive  and  generally  accepted  rule  be 
established  for  deciding  this  important  matter. 
It  is  believed  that  the  efforts  now  being  made 
by  this  office,  and  supported  actively  by  manu- 
facturers generally,  will  introduce  into  the 
market  iron  of  American  manufacture  for  ma- 
rine boiler  use,  equal  if  not  superior  to  that 
made  in  any  part  of  the  world,  but  whatever 
the  quality  of  the  iron  the  eccentric  manner  of 
its  wear  under  steam  is  not  yet  explained. 
Some  plates  oxidize  as  soon  as  used  ;  others  of 
identical  texture  and  position,  wear  for  years 
without  material  deterioration,  while  others 
again,  after  wearing  for  several  years  without 
apparent  damage,  suddenly  oxidize  and  are  de- 
stroyed in  a  few  months.  This  last  condition 
was  forcibly  illustrated  by  the  steamer  Magenta, 
which  exploded  the  outer  shell  of  her  steam 
chimney  on  March  23d,  near  Sing  Sing,  on  the 
Hudson.  He  refers  at  length  to  the  Magenta 
explosion  and  Bays:  Such  disasters  can  be  avoided 
by  frequent  and  careful  inspection.  There  are 
places,  however,  in  all  boilers  where  personal 
inspection  is  impossible  and  where  a  hydrostatic 
test  must  be  relied  upon.  I  recommend  to  all 
steamboat  owners  the  importance  of  demanding 
such  tests  frequently,  especially  when,  after  a 
season  of  inactivity,  work  is  resumed  ;  for  ex- 
perience proves  that  boilers  deteriorate  more 
rapidly  while  idle  than  when  continuously  used. 
He  says  that  in  all  his  efforts  to  improve  the 
service  he  has  had  the  cordial  support  of  steam- 
veBsel  owners.  It  is  true  they  complain  that 
some  statutes  are  unjust  to  them  while  afford- 
ing no  advantage  to  the  public,  and  they  are 
naturally  opposed  to  being  compelled  to  pur- 
chase worthless  patents.  It  is  not  appropriate 
for  him  to  discuss  their  wrongs,  but  he  hopes 
justice  may  be  done  them,  for  as  a  class  they 
are  ready  to  comply  with  every  wholesome  pro- 
vision of  the  law.  Of  the  total  number  of  ves- 
sels inspected,  260  belong  to  the  Pacific  coast, 
with  a  tonnage  of  108,532;  1,820  to  the  Atlantic 
coast,  with  a  tonnage  of  46G,757;  880  to  Western 
rivers,  with  a  tonnage  of  1S6,932 ;  S57  to  the 
northern  lakes,  with  a  tonnage  of  186,378,  and 
311  to  the  Gulf  coast,  with  a  tonnage  of  68,831. 

What  is  Steel  ? — Difficulties  such  as  these 
have  hitherto  prevented  the  adoption  of  any  of 
the  proposed  nomenclatures,  says  Dr.  Siemens, 
and  have  decided  engineers  and  manufacturers 
in  the  meantime  to  include,  under  the  general 
denomination  of  cast-steel,  all  compounds  con- 
sisting chiefly  of  iron  which  have  been  pro- 
duced through  fusion  and  are  malleable.  Such 
a  general  definition  does  not  exclude  from  the 
denomination  of  steel  materials  that  may  not 
have  been  produced  by  fusion,  and  which  may 
be  capable  of  tempering,  such  as  shear  steel, 
blister  steel  and  puddled  steel,  nor  does  it  inter- 
fere with  distiuctions  between  cast-steels  pro- 
duced by  different  methods,  such  as  pot  steel, 
Bessemer  steel,  or  steel  by  fusion  on  the  open 
hearth. 

Machine  for  Measuring  Superficial  Area. 
— Mr.  J.  H.  Williams  exhibited  this  fall,  at  the 
Mechanics'  fair,  in  Boston,  a  very  ingenious 
machine,  which  he  invented,  which  is  capable 
of  indicating  six  to  eight  times  per  minute  the 
superficial  area  of  surfaces,  however  irregular, 
where  the  surface  does  not  exceed  twenty-five 
square  feet.  It  can  compute  in  less  than  ten 
seconds  the  square  contents  of  a  circle  without 
reference  to  mathematical  rules,  and  it  is  cer- 
tain to  6nd  practical  application  in  many  de- 
partments of  trade.  It  will  specially  be  of  use 
to  leather  dealers  and  manufacturers,  for  mea- 
suring exactly  the  superficial  area  of  hides  and 
skins. 

The  process  of  Dr.  de  Haen  for  preventing 
incrustation  in  steam-boilers,  which  consists  in 
the  treatment  of  the  feed-water  with  the  proper 
amount  of  baric  chloride  and  milk  of  lime,  as  de- 
termined by  quantitative  analysis,  is  to  be  em- 
ployed for  the  310  boilers  of  Krupp's  steel 
fuuu  Iry  at  Essen. 


Improvement  in  Soldering  Irons. — A  novel 
soldering  iron,  the  invention  of  M.  Paquelin, 
was  recently  described  before  the  Academy  of 
Sciences,  Paris.  Its  distinctive  feature  is  a 
platinum  receptacle,  in  which  heat  is  instanta- 
neously generated  with  air  and  petroleum  vapor 
or  air  and  coal-gas. 

Correction. — In  our  note  last  week,  in  re- 
gard to  the  wire  traction  rope  employed  by  the 
California  Street  railroad,  the  length  was  given 
1,800  instead  of  18,000  feet,  as  it  should  have 
been. 


Ic 


CIENTIFIC 


ROGRESS. 


Experimental  Determination  of  the  Ve- 
locity of  Light. 

Albert  A.  Michelson,  of  the  U.  S.  Navy, 
read  a  paper  before  the  American  Association  of 
Science,  at  its  late  meeting,  on  "The  Experi- 
mental Determination  of  the  Velocity  of  Light." 
The  paper  was  pronounced  one  of  the  most  im- 
portant read  before  its  appropriate  section.  Mr. 
M.  said  that  but  three  scientists,  Foucault,  Fi- 
zeau,  and,  more  recently,  Cornu,  have  sought  to 
experimentally  ascertain  the  distance  of  the  sun 
from  the  earth.  Foucault  used  the  method 
known  as  that  of  "  Wheatstone's  Revolving 
Mirror,"  the  application  of  which  was  first  sug- 
gested by  Arago.  Fizeauand  Cornu  both  used 
another  methed,  known  as  that  of  the  "toothed- 
wheel."  In  Foucault's  experiments  the  dis 
tance  traversed  by  the  light  was  20  meters.  The 
result  obtained  by  him  was  185,200  miles  per 
second.  Cornu's  stations  were  about  14  miles 
apart.  The  result  obtained  by  him  was  1S6,- 
G00  miles,  which  exceeds  the  former  by  1,400 
miles.  The  objection  to  Foucault's  method  is 
that  the  displacement,  which  enters  directly  in 
formula,  is  very  small,  and  therefore  difficult  to 
measure  accurately.  The  objection  to  Fizeau's 
is  that  the  total  disappearance  of  the  light  was 
necessarily  uncertain. 

The  object  of  Mr.  Michelson's  experiments  is 
to  increase  the  displacement  in  the  first  method. 
This  can  be  done  in  several  ways:  (1)  By  in- 
creasing the  speed  of  the  mirror;  (2)  by  in- 
creasing the  distance  between  the  two  mirrors; 
(3)  by  increasing  the  radius  of  measurement,  i. 
e.,  the  distance  from  the  revolving  to  the  scale. 
In  Foucault's  experiments  the  speed  of  the 
mirror  was  400  turns  per  second;  the  radius  of 
measurement  was  about  one  meter,  and  the  dis- 
tance between  the  mirrors  was  about  10  meters. 
The%displacement  obtained  was  about  0.8  milli- 
meters. In  Mr.  Michelson's  experiments  the 
speed  of  the  mirror  was  but  130  turns  per  sec- 
ond, but  the  radius  of  measurement  was  from 
15  to  30  feet,  and  the  distance  between  the 
mirrors  was  about  500  feet.  The  displacement 
obtained  varied  from  0.3  of  an  inch  to  0.63  of 
an  inch,  or  about  20  times  that  obtained  by 
Foucault.  With  a  greater  distance  between  the 
mirrors  and  a  better  apparatus  he  expected  to 
obtain  a  displacement  of  two  or  three  inches 
and  to  measure  it  to  within'one- thousandth  part 
of  an  inch.  Tables  of  observation  of  the  velocity 
of  light  in  air  were  given  by  Mr.  Michelson, 
the  mean  reBult  being  185,508  miles  per  second. 


Cast  Manganese. 

A  late  number  of  the  Chemical  News  says 
that  M.  Jordan  has  presented  to  the  French 
Academy  a  specimen  of  cast  metal,  obtained  by 
treatment  of  the  ores  of  manganese  in  the  blast- 
furnace.    The  composition  of  this  metal  is: 

Mangaueae 84.96  % 

Iron 8 .55  % 

Carbon 5.70  % 

Silicon 0 .  66  % 

Sulphur 0.035% 

Phosphorus 0.005% 

Total 90.910% 

In  subsequent  operations  the  percentage  of 
manganese  has  been  carried  as  high  as  87.4%. 
The  specimen  laid  before  the  Academy  had  been 
preserved  for  six  months  without  having  under- 
gone any  sensible  alteration.  There  was  noticed 
a  considerable  loss  of  manganese  in  the  furnace, 
amounting  sometimes  to  as  much  as  10%,  which, 
with  certain  other  facts,  appears  to  warrant  the 
Opinion  that  this  metal  is  somewhat  volatile  at 
elevated  temperatures. 

Vegetable  Albinism. — At  a  late  meeting  of 
the  London  Chemical  Society,  Prof.  Church 
read  a  paper  entitled  "A  Chemical  Study  of 
Vegetable  Albinism,"  in  which  numerous  ex- 
periments were  described  and  analyses  pre- 
sented, the  conclusion  arrived  at  by  the  author 
being  that  the  white  leaf  is  parasitic  upon  the 
green.  Whilst  the  author  did  not  give  any  de- 
cided opinion  as  to  the  cause  of  the  whiteness, 
he  remarked  that  white  leaves  are  usually 
weaker  and  thinner,  and  that  albino  cuttings 
cannot  be  "struck."  Some  attempts  have  been 
made  to  stimulate  albino  foliage,  but  without 
any  decisive  results. 

At  the  same  meeting  an  interesting  paper  was 
read  by  Dr.  Carnelly,  on  the  "Relation  be- 
tween the  melting  points  of  the  Elements  and 
their  co-efficients  of  expansion."  Certain  the- 
oretical considerations  led  the  author  to  the 
conclusion  that  the  co-efficient  of  expansion  of 
an  element  by  heat  would  .be  the  greater  the 
lower  its  melting  point.  This  conclusion  the 
author  has  tested  in  the  case  of  31  elements, 
and  finds  that,  with  five  exceptions,  the  co- 
efficient of  expansion  increases  as  the  melting 
point  diminishes;  the  five  exceptions  are,  As, 
Sb,  Bi,  Te  and  Sn.  A  table  and  a  graphic 
curve  aocompany  the  paper,  which  the  author 
promises  to  supplement  by  a  communication  on 
a  simple  relation  existing  between  the  heat 
evolved  by  a  chemical  reaction  and  the  melting 
points  of  the  reacting  and  resulting  bodies. 


Barcenite— A  New  Antimonate. 

A  heavy,  nearly  black  mineral,  which  has 
been  discovered  at  Hitzuco,  Mexico,  by  Senor 
Barcena,  and  to  which  his  name  has  been  given, 
has  proved  to  be  an  antimonate  of  hitherto  un- 
described  character,  mixed  with  finely-divided 
mercuric  sulphide  and  antimonic  acid.  Heated 
alone  before  the  outer  blowpipe  flame,  the  min- 
eral decrepitates  slightly,  turns  white  or  nearly 
■o,  and  becomes  rounded  (with  some  difficulty) 
on  the  edges,  giving  off  a  little  white  fume  ;  in 
the  reducing  name  the  fume  becomes  more 
abundant  from  reduction  of  metallic  antimony, 
followed  by  volatiLz  i  ion  and  burning  in  the 
outer  edge  of  the  llame,  which  is  colored 
greenish -blue.  A  fngment  heated  in  a  closed 
glass  tube  giveB  off  vvater,  metallic  mercury, 
black  mercuric  sulphide  and  a  very  little  oxide 
of  antimony  ;  in  a  tube  open  at  both  ends  the 
whole  of  the  mercury  is  deposited  in  the  metal- 
lic state,  the  sulphur  being  burned  off,  and  in  a 
good  draft  of  air  through  the  tube  more  oxide 
of  antimony  is  carried  along  and  depoaited.  A 
well-marked  white  antimomal  sublimate  is  pro- 
duced by  heating  on  charcoal,  and  if  sodium 
carbonate  be  added  the  antimony  is  easily  re- 
duced to  little  metallic  beads.  The  mineral  in 
powder  is  largely  dissolved,  in  the  oxidizing 
flame  by  borax  or  microcosmic  salt  to  a 
clear,  colorless  glass,  which  become  turbid 
in  the  reducing  flame.  The  mineral, 
even  when  finely  pulverized,  is  insoluble 
in  hydrochloric  or  nitric  acid,  though  this  be 
concentrated  and  at  the  boiling  temperature. 
It  is  very  slightly  acted  on  by  boiling  solution 
of  ammonium  sulphide.  On  boiling  with  a 
strong  solution  of  sodium  hydrate,  filtering, 
acidulating  and  passing  in  hydrosulphuric  acid, 
an  orange  precipitate  is  obtained  in  no  great 
quantity.  Hydrogen  passed  over  the  powder  at 
a  red  heat  easily  reduces  metallic  antimony, 
which  can  then  be  attacked  by  acids.  The 
quantitative  analysis  was  made  by  Mr.  J.  R. 
Santos,  of  Guayaquil,   Ecuador.     He  obtained: 

Atom'c  Ratios- 

Sulphur 2.82  .088 

Mercury.  .*. * 20.76  .104 

Calcium 3.88  .097 

Antimony 50.11  .418 

Oiygtn  (by  difference) 17.61  1.101 

Water     J  oonititutional 3.60) . -g 

Water     \  lost  below  130'  C. . .  .1.23  J 4"73 

Silioa 10 

100.00 

Disease  op  Chestnut  Trees. — The  Comptes 
Rendu8  of  the  French  Academy  of  Science  con- 
tains an  interesting  note  by  M.  Planchon  on  the 
subject  of  the  disease  at  present  prevailing 
among  the  chestnuts  of  the  Cevennes,  and 
which  is  probably  identical  with  that  noticed 
in  the  Basses-Pyrenees  and  in  upper  Italy.  The 
ohief  symptom  visible  outwardly  is  the  decay 
of  the  extremities  of  the  branches,  sometimes 
one  after  another,  and  sometimes  all  at  once,  in 
which  latter  cases  the  tree  quickly  dies,  though 
in  others  it  may  last  in  a  more  or  less  diseased 
state  for  two  or  three  years.  This  gradual  or 
sudden  death  of  the  branches,  M.  Planchon 
found  to  be  consequent  on  an  alteration  of  the 
roots.  If  these  be  laid  bare  parts  of  the  wood 
and  bark  of  the  larger  and  middle-sized  oaes  are 
seen  to  be  softened  as  if  by  a  kind  of  gangrene, 
and  a  fluid  exudes  from  their  tissues  which, 
owing  to  its  containing  tannin,  forms  an 
ink  with  the  iron  in  the  soil,  and  stains  the 
earth  round  about  for  a  considerable  distance. 
The  roots  thus  affected,  from  the  smallest  radi- 
cles to  the  largest  trunks,  are  characterized  by 
the  constant  presence  of  a  mycelium  or  fungus 
which  assumes  varions  forms,  but  which  always 
appears  subsequently  on  the  trunk  of  the  tree 
in  the  same  form  that  it  was  present  on  the 
underground  portion  of  it.  It  generally  pre- 
sents itself  in  the  form  of  more  or  leas  ramified 
whitish -yellow  strings,  and  is  probably  closely 
allied  to  the  Agaricus  melleus,  which  plays  such 
havoc  with  fir  trees. 

Heat-Conducting  Power  of  Rocks.- — Some 
time  ago  Prof.  Herschell  and  M.  Lehour  made  a 
series  of  experiments  on  the  heat-conducting 
power  of  recks.  Twenty-eight  specimens  were 
reduced  to  uniform  circles  of  live  inches  diameter 
and  one-half  inch  thick,  but  of  six  specimens 
that  had  been  tried,  slate  plates  cub  parallel  to 
the  plane  of  cleavage  transmitted  the  heat 
faster  than  any  of  the  others.  Where  the  flow 
became  uniform  the  water  was  raised  1°  Fahr. 
in  32  seconds ;  with  marble,  sandstone,  granite 
and  serpentine,  about  39  seconds  were  required 
to  raise  it  by  the  same  amount.  The  greatest 
resistance  to  the  passage  of  heat  was  offered  by 
two  specimens  of  shale,  gray  and  black,  from 
the  coal  measures  in  the  neighborhood  of  New- 
castle, which  occupied  48  to  50  seconds  in  rais- 
ing the  water  one  degree,  or  half  as  long  again 
as  that  taken  by  the  slate. 


A  Quartz  Therm  >  meter. —Quartz,  by  its 
rotary  power,  M.  Jou  urt  asserts  in  the  Comptes 
Reridus,  constitutes  a  Uu-rmometer  of  extreme 
sensibility,  fulfilling  th  :  essential  condition  of 
every  thermometer,  cu  nparability.  When  once 
the  apparatus  is  fitted  up  it  is  merely  needful 
in  order  to  find  a  temperature  to  read  off  an 
angle,  and  refer  to  a  table  calculated  once  for 
all.  It  may  therefore  be  honed  that  science, 
and  even  industry,  may  find  in  this  new  ther- 
mometer an  instrument  comparable  to  the  mer- 
curial thermometer  for  the  simplicity  of  its  use 
and  the  certainty  of  its  indications.  The  au- 
thor's experiments  extend  from — 20  degrees  to 
plus  840  degrees,  or  perhaps  1,500  degrees. 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[January  4,  1879. 


Table  of  Highest  and  Lowest  Sales    in 
S.  F.  Stock  Exchange. 


Name  of 
Company. 


Alpha 

Aita 

Andes 

Alps 

Argenta 

Atlantic 

Aurora  Tunnel 

Baltimore  Con 

Belcher 

Belmont 

Beat*  Belcher 

Bullion 

Bechtel 

Belle  Isle 

Bodie 

Benton 

Bulwer 

Boyle 

Black  Hawk. 

Belviclere 

Booker 

Caledonia 

California...  ■• 

Challenge 

Chollar-Potosi 

Comanche 

Confidence 

Con  Imperial 

Con  Virginia 

Crown  Point 

Con  Washoe 

Champion 

Concordia 

Dayton 

DeFrees 

Daney 

Day 

Eureka  £on 

Exchequer 

Endowment — 

Gen  Thomas 

Grand  Prize 

Gila 

Golden  Chariot 

Golden  Terra 

Goodshaw 

Gould  &  Curry 

Hale  ft  Norcross. . . , 

Hillside 

Highbridge 

Homestake 

Hussey 

Independence 

Julia 

Justice 

Jackson 

Joe  Scates 

K  K  Con 

Kentuck 

Kossuth 

Keystone 

Lady  Bryan 

Lady  Wash 

Leopard 

Leviathan 

Leeds 

Lee 

May  Belle 

Modoc 

Manhattan 

Martin  White 

McClinton 

Meadow  Valley 

Mexican 

Mides 

Morning  Star. 

North  Con  Virginia. 

Hew  York 

Northern  Belle 

New  Coso 

Navajo 

Occidental 

Ophir 

Oriental 

Overman 

Panther 

Phenix 

Phil  Sheridan 

Prospect  

Raymond  ft  Ely 

Richer 

Rock  Island 

Rye  Patch 

Rough  ft  Ready 

Savage 

Seg  Belcher 

Sierra  Nevada 

Silver  Hill 

Silver  King 

Silver  Prize 

Succor , 

Summit , 

Scorpion 

Solid  Silver 

South  Bodie 

South  Standard 

Star 

St.  Louis 

Syndicate 

Tioga  Con 

Tiptop  

Trojan 

Union  Con 

Utah 

Vermont  Con 

Ward 

Wells-Fargo 

Woodville 

White  Cloud. 

Yellow  Jacket 


10  8 

7i  5i 

65c  40c 
25c 

2.60  2.40 


Week 

Ending 
Dee.  IS. 


Week 
Ending 
Dec.  19. 


m   35 


2.90 
15c 


20c     15c 


35c  30e 

37  ah 

i.10  ^1 

30c  10c 


85 
25c   15c 


6  53 

50c  30c 

8|  7 

12  10 

%  2 

2j  2.1 

15  ... 

40c  30 

L.30  1 

1.60  2 

4f  3.9 

it  e 


2.10 
H 

1.20 
50c 

H 


43!      31 


55c     45c 
'9J      n 


11         9£ 

20       18 
51)      39 


85c     65c 

li  1.10 
l! 

50c  .. 


Week  j  Week 
Ending  Ending 
Dec.  26.  Jan.   2. 


50c  40c 

li  . 

1.10  3. 

45c  30c 

18f  17 

5         41 

60c  50c 

30c  20c 
134 


30c 
50c 
2 
9] 
1.40 
33 


1.40 

3 


20c     15c 


30c  25c 

36  34 

3.90  3J 

20c  10c 


82       7; 


30c  .... 

1.45  1.3f 

,80  2.90 

4J  3.9( 

9i  7 


1.95 

1.10 

H 

40c 

1.20 


10* 

30c     25c 


1.05 
90c 


1}  1.101.60 

li  1.30     li 

30c  25ci  30c 

60  38i:  61 

l&i  13     15 


12- 


lj     50c|  75c     55c 
35c      25c;  25c      20c 

25c     20o.  25c     20c 


15     llgi  16       13i 


13J  93  11  10! 
5i  5J  5*  5 
50c      40c I  50c     .... 


3i    2.702.90    2.6 


343.80 
10c  60c 
17i    18ft 


70c 

7l 

3.60 


15c 


25c  ... 

334  32 

1.40  3.60 

40c  10c 


35c  30c 

1.30  11 

3  2.90 

4  34 
9j  84 


4i    3.70 
20c      " 


1.05 

1 


50c 

i!is 

6 
50c 

314* 


104 


95  83 

20  18 

48  441 

1.65  li 


40c 
1.15 
1.15 

50c 


U  1-35 
30c  25c 
595      55J 


60c  50c 
20c  10c 
25c    . 


75c 

Sflr 

60c 

MIc 

2.55 

2* 

Wi 

aj 

1.70    1.60 
«i      381 


9}  9 

80c  70c 

8)  7i 

3.65  3.45 

46c  30c 


30c 
32 
1.40 


8J       7J 


1.20 
2! 


8!       U 

50c     40c 


10J  9| 

18  17 

434  37! 

12  1.30 

10  .... 


2.5c 


11! 


1)  50c 
20c  15c 
25c    .... 


148      13i 


Sales  at  S.  F.  Stock  Exchange. 


FrMnj-  A.  M. 

260  Alta. 


AFTERNOON  SE.3ION. 


-~ S4   740  Argenta 

Alpha..„... jllCSlOJI  100  Bechtel 70c 


180  BeBti  Belcher.. 17J(Sl7S     20  Bodie.... 

035  Bullion 4i@4.65  730  Belmont '.".".lOc 

520  Belcher 3.60@3t!  300  Belle  Iile 20c 

300  Benton 3i@3.10   115  Bulwer 15 

480  Con  Virginia 7i   4S0  Booker ."lOc 

485  California sml\  100  Champion. 30c 

20  Chollar 39    200  C  Pacific IS 

J!?  S10"?  Pomt 3-60   40°  Caledonia  (B  H). .  .1IW1J 

2840  Con  Imperial 80S70C1  400  Day     ...  30c 

310  Caledonia 2J(S!2.5S  1300  Dudley ""i'i6@l 

100  Confidence SCSfli1  225  Eureka  Con  *  '      31 

100  Challenge i.go;  750  Endowment .'.""'35c 

,200  Dardanelles 1    350  Goodshaw 40@35c 

1170  Exchequer 4@4.05'  200  Hussey...  35c 

460  GouldSCurry 9J@9  1000  Highhridge...      " 

80  HaletNor 11|    50  Hamburg  . . 

150  Justice 3.60,  830  Independence. 

170  Julia.. 2.9O8J2.85I    15  Jackson 7 


»c 

El 


750  Kentuck 3.80@3.90 

400  Kossuth 15c 

50  Lady  Wash 80c 

1650  Lady  Bryan 50c 

650  Leviathan 35@40c 

620  Mexican 2Si@2fl 

50  North  Con  Vir .7,q 

805  N  Bonanza 80(3750 

235  New  York C5c 

160  Overman 9i@8J 

315  Ophir 354(^35 

15  Seg  Belcher 18 

600  Succor 

400  Sierra  Nevada. . .  ,42@4li 
j!5  Savage 94 


100  Leopard.... 

75  Leeds 

50  Manhattan.. 

50  Modoc 

150  McClinton . . 

200  Mono 

41  1345  Navajo...... 

'      575  Paradise. . 


295  Silver  Hill 

100  Solid  Silver.... 

110  Scorpion 

400  Trojan 

870  Union  Con .... 

115  Utah 

300  Wells-Fargo... 

100  Woodville 

65  Ward   

410  Yellow  Jacket.. 


..11 


?0c 

40c 

2A0-.a-2l, 

.40"  45c 
2 


725  Raymond  &  Ely....7i®8 

100  Richer 50c 

235  Summit 90@80c 

60  S  Standard .725c 

100  Syndicate U 

100  Star 50C 

50  Silver  King 10 

185  Tiptop 1.40(911 

300  Tioga  Con 1.20@lJ 

Saturday  A.  M..  Dec.  W. 

230  Alpha 10r@10| 

..54^55   330  Alfca 51@5i 

1H@111   630  Argenta 2  60 

20c   370  Buatft  Belcher. ..170174 

1010  Bullion 5(&4  95 

100  Belcher 3.60(^3.55 

145  Bodie g 

605  Beaton. 3@2,9Q 


...1.30 
50i 


25c 

.  .55">;-0c 
.144^144 


140  Con  Virginia 7 

585  California 9 

30  Confidence 9 

20  Chollar 38 

170  Crown  Point 3.55 

1150  Con  Imperial 75@70c 

265  Challenee 1.60 

150  Caledonia 2J@2.40 

95  Con  Pacific 1.60@1* 

140  Dudley 1 

250  Exchequer 4 

285  Eureka  Con 31J@31 

200  Endowment 30c 

170  Flowery 15c 

405  Gould  ftCurry 85@8f 

315  Grand  Prize 8(97J 

100  Goodshaw 30c 

210  H  ft  Norcross ....  10!@10fl 

100  Highbridge 2.40 

100  Hillside 2 

200  Independence 1.25 

460  Justice 34@3.60 

990  Julia 2}@2.80 

200  Jackson 71 

50  Kentuck 3.70 

50  Leeds 14 

055  L  Bryan 70@90c 

225  Leviathan 40c 

1590  Mexican 28@29J 

250  May  Belle 50c 

40  Mono 24 

25  Modoc 60c 

100  New  York 55c 

110  NConVir 44 

180  N  Bonanza 75c 

100  Navajo 40c 

660  Ophir 35@36 

320  Overman 94@9j 

100  Phil  Sheridan 30c 

St  Paradise 2 

5v0  Raymond  &E £ 

300  Savage 9J@9J 

130  Succor 30c 

10  Seg  Belcher IS 

2445  Sierra  Nevada,... 39@37i 

50  Solid  Silver 50c 

270  Scorpion. 1 

100  S  Standard 25c 

25  Tiptop l.SC 

2355  Union  Con 52<ffi55i 

60  Utah 11J@11| 

100  Ward 55c 

100  Wells-Fargo 20c 

330  Yellow  Jacket. .  .13j@13, 
Holiday  A.  M.«  Dec.  30. 

250  Alta 54 

200  Andes 50c 

120  Alpha 10j(gl] 

75  Best  4  Belcher 171 

310  Belcher 3i@3.6t 

1270  Bullion 5@4.90 

130  Benton 2i@«.6( 

220  California tt(@9f 

305  Con  Virginia 7§<g7 J 

340  Crown  Point 3J@3.4f 

130  Con  Imperial 80< 

285  Chollar 39@41j 

270  Challenge 1.70 

120  Caledonia 2.40@» 

100  Confidence ? 

585  Exchequer 4(344 

lf-0  Flowary 15r 

310  Gould  k  Curry 8!@8* 

70  Hale&Nor 1] 

440  Justice 3i@3.6l 

2695  Julia 4JQ4.8J 

200  Kossuth 15t 

240  Kentuck 3.70@3.9( 

400  Lady  Bryan. 65@55t 

200  Leviathan 40i 

855  Mexican 30i<a29< 

500  N  Sierra  Nevada 5( 

170  North  Con  Vir £ 

100  N  Bonanza 75< 

250  New  York. 65@60c 

625  Ophir 36(9341 

100  Overman 9J<£t9i 

100  Solid  Silver 50c 

80  Scorpion 1 

140  Savage 93 

525  SierraNevada....394@38J 

350  Silver  Hill 1.40@1.£" 

300  Senator. 10<&20i 

270  Utah 103(311 

665  Union  Con 54@54J 

500  Wells  Fargo 15c 

2820  Ward 1@1.05 

390  Yellow  Jacket. .  .135@134 

AFTEENOON  SESBION. 
700  Argenta 2.65(tf<23 


105  Bodie 8@7S 

160  Bulwer 14| 

|205  Belvidere 50c 

f50  Belmont 60c 

1030  Becbtel 50@60c 

300  Belle  Isle 20c 

i60  C  Pacific 14 

1220  Dudley 1 

i219  DeFrees 10c 

5220  Eureka  Con 31(3314 

650  Endowment 35(330c 

p00  Golden  Terra 5j 

il50  Grand  Prize 7j 

200  Goodshaw 40c 

100  Hillside 2i 

450  Highbridge 2.30(321 

520  Independence 11 

300  Manhattan 4@4.10 

140  Mono 24 

135  Martin  White 5 

50  Meadow  Valley 20c 

895  Navajo 40c 

100  Oriental 65c 

1570  Paradise 2@1.90 

195  Raymond  &  Ely 8 

100  Richer 40c 

150  Summit. 1(31.05 

200  South  Standard 25c 

100  Tiptop 1.30 

1090  Tioga 11@1 

Tnrsflay  A.  91.,  Dec.  31. 

360  Alpha 1K310J 

385  Alta 51@5 

890  Argenta 2.70@2.6o 

400  Best  Ss.  Belcher. .  .17S@181 

140  Belcher 3.60(33.70 

2355  Bullion 5|{35| 

180  Benton 2.90@3 

80  Belvidere 75c 

285  Bodie 7J(37i 

JOOBechtel 60c 

100  Booker 50c 

600  Belle  Isle 15@20c 

50  Belmont 60c 

50  Champion '. 40c 

100  CPacific 2.40 

410  California 10(3101 

310  Caledonia 2.40(32.45 

380  Con  Virginia 7|@8 

800  Con  Imperial 80(375c 

410  Chollar 47@474 

830  Crown  Point 3.60@34 

145  Confidence 9 

300  Challenge 1.65(31.60 

200  Dardanelles 1.10 

350  Dudley 1 

385  Exchequer. . . .  .4.40(3-4.35 

110  Eureka  Con 314(332 

150  Endowment 36c 

50  Flowery 25c 

570  Gould&Curry 9(39J 

905  Grand  Prize 8@Si 

280  Highbridge 21 

460  H  &  Norcross. . .  .114@12| 

100  Hillside 2.10 

110  Independence  ...1]@1.30 

800  Justice 3J@3.60 

»95  Julia mH 

10  Kentuck 3.90 

300  Kossuth 20c 

735  Lady  Bryan. 70(365c 

900  Leviathan 40@45c 

160  Leeds 1.30(314 

150  Mono ....24@2! 

535  Mexican 304<330i 

350  McClinton 40c 

220  Manhattan 4j 

500  Northern  Belle.... 93(310 

200  New  York 60c 

250  N  Bonanza 75c 

530  N  Con  Virginia 54@5 

715  Ophir 353(335 

135  Overman 9J 

620  Paradise 2@1 .95 

100  Phil  Sheridan 30c 

70  Raymond  &  Ely 81 

650  Sierra  Nevada.... 43@434 

1(H«104 

Belcher 18 

560  Senator 10@30c 

100  Solid  Silver. 50c 

160  Scorpion 50c 

530  Silver  Hill H@1.40 

200  Succor 25c 

140  Summit 1.30@11 

300  Trojan .30c 

295  Utah 10f@ll 

395  Union  Con 57i<357i 

100  Ward lj 

220  Yellow  Jacket 14 


SALES  OF   LAST  WEEK   AND   THIS  COMPARED 


Thursday  A.M.,  Dec.  37. 

610  Andes ...40@5Cc 

100  Alta 53 

145  Alpha 12i<3134 

160  Best&  Belcher. .174(317:' 

785  Bullion 5J@5i 

160  Belcher 3.80(33.90 

375  Benton 3 

100  Caledonia 2J 

1680  Con  Imperial 95(390c 

275  California 9S@10 

200  Challenge. 1.70@15 

850  Con  Virginia. 73@T 

20  Confidence 9: 

65  Chollar 39i 

195  Crown  Point... 3. 70(33. 8( 

960  Exchequer 4.15^4.40 

400  Gould  k  Curry 9ji 

120  Hale  &  Nor Ugd 

135  Justice 3.90 

80  Julia 2.90 

200  Kentuck .4(341 

100  Lady  Wash. 90c 

45  L  Bryan 75(380c 

195  Mexican .304@3O3 

270  New  York 60065c 

200  N  Bonanza 70@80c 

1060  Ophir 374@37 

120  Overman 9J@10 

990  SierraNevada....*"^ 

510  Savage 

25  Silver  Hill 1.35 

85  Succor 25@35c 

300  Solid  Silver. 59c 

175  Union  Con 574@58 

110  Utah 12J(3I23 

150  Wells-Fargo 15c 

250  Ward 60c 

600  Yellow  Jacket. . .  .14J@15 


AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

650  Amenta. 2.65(323 

300  Belle  iBle 20c 

145  Bodie 84 

250  Black  Hawk 40c 

900  Booker. 

100  Bulwer ^144 

50  Champion 15c 

25  CPacific 2 

230  DeFrees 15c 

500  Dudley 1 

145  Eureka  Con 31@31} 

600  Endowment 35c 

440  Grand  Prize 73@8 

450  Goodshaw. 35@40c 

50  Hussey 30c 

50  Hamburg. 1 

950  Highbridge...... 2J@2. 30 

370  Independence lj 

200  Jackson 7@7J 

160  Manhattan, 4 

250  Modoc , 

440  Martin  White  . 
180  Mono , 

50  Northern  Belle 94@9J 

300  Navajo 46c 

300  Oriental 6&370c 

500  Paradise '..  .2 

430  Raymond  &  Ely 8(394 

145  Summit 90c 

50  Syndicate. . . 
100  Sitting  Bull. 

100  SBodie 

200  S  Standard. 

25  Tioga 1.05 

590  Tiptop H(3J..40 

900  Tuscarora 10c 

100  University 75c 


.13 

,50c 
..25c 


Tlmrsd'y  A.  M.,  Jan.  2, 

110  Alpha. 10* 

605  Alta 5@5J 

90  Best  &  Belcher 18 

390'  Belcher 3J(33.80 

2145  Bullion 4.80@5 

295  Benton 2.90(33 

1790  California 10jt(310i 

1185  Con  Virginia. 7£@8J 

360  Crown  Point... 3. 60(33. 65 

80  Chollar 44(345 

75  Con  Imperial 80c 

310  Confidence y 

40  Caledonia 2.40 

100  Challenge. 1.65 

300  Dardanelles 1.10 

225  Exchequer 4.20 

95  Gould  &  Curry 9(391 

155  Hale*  Nor ill 

585  Justice 3.65 

2110  Julia 4.70(34. 

20  Lady  Wash 70c 

100  Lady  Bryan 70c 

1075  Leviathan 45@50r 

100  Morning  Star 24 

355  Mexican 304@31 

400  New  York 60c 

850  N  Bonanza 30@50c 

100  North  Con  Vir 54 

190  Ophir 35@35} 

130  Overman 94 

1200  Phil  Sheridan 25c 

305  Sierra  Nevada 41@42 

415  Savage 9j@10 

200  Succor 20c 

5  Seg  Belcher 17 

500  Senator 15c 

1580  Silver  Hill li(3lj 

350  Scorpion. 50c 

140  Solid  Silver 50c 

200  Trojan 30c 

350  Union  Con 574@58 

60  Utah 11 

1335  Ward 95c@l 

260  Walls-Fargo 36c 

30  Yellow  Jacket 13J 

AFTERNOON  SESBION. 

1229  Argenta 2.65(32.70 

1230  Bulwer 14 

310  Bodie 73@7J 

850  Bechtel 60c 

100  Belmont, 60c 

200  Booker 50c 

100  Belvidere 50c 

25  CPacific li 

100  Day 25c 

100  Dudley 1 

350  DeFr«« 15i 

365  Eureka  Con 32 

660  Goodshaw 35@40c 

630  Grand  Prize 8J(37| 

5  Golden  Terra 6 

100  Hussey 25c 

350  Highbridge 21 

175  Independence..l.l0@l.l5 

150  Jackson 18 

210  Leopard 60c 

500  LeedB 1} 

900  Mono 2f 

^00  Manhattan. 4i 

45  M  White '-1 

100  Modoc 55c 

235  Northern  Belle.  ...9fi@9J 

230  Oriental 65@76c 

600  Paradise 2 

100  South  Standard 20c 

400  Summit... H(31.35 

100  Sitting  Bull 50c 

100  Star 50c 

250  Tioga  Coo 1.10@1,20 


MINING  SHAEEH0LDEKS'  DIKECT0RY. 


Compiled  every  Thursday  from  Advertisements' in  Mining  and  Scientific  Press  and  other  S.  F.  Journal 
ASSESSMENTS-STOCKS  ON  THE  LISTS  OF  THE  BOABDS. 


Company. 

Location. 

No 

Aia 

Levied 

Delinq'kt.    Sale. 

Secretary. 

Place  of  Business 

AltaSMCo 

Nevada 

13 

1  00 

Dec  10 

Jan  13 

Jan  31 

W  H  Watson 

302  Montgomery  st 

Aurora  T  &  M  Co 

California 

2 

20 

Dec  7 

Jan  10 

Feb  15 

C  V  D  Hubbard 

312  California  st 

Nevada 

Id 

50 

Nov  27 

Jan  3 

Jan  27 

J  W  Pew 

310  Pine  st 

Belvidere  M  Co 

California 

2 

2(1 

Dec  7 

Jan  20 

Feb  20 

CVD  Hubbard 

312  California  st 

Benton  Con  MJCo 

Nevada 

1 

50 

Dec  11 

Jan  15 

Feb  3 

W  H  Watson 

302  Montgomery  Bt 

B'lllion  lrtCo  ~* "^ 

Nevada 

X 

1  CO 

Dec  3 

Jan  7 

Jan  29 

Joseph  Grass 

418  California  st 

CaledoniafS  M  Co 

Nevada 

25 

50 

Nov  15 

Dec  20 

Jan  10 

R  Wegener 

414  California  st 

California 

1 

25 

Nov  22 

Dec  27 

Jan  16 

Jno  Crockett 

203  Bash  Bt 

Crown  Point  G  &  S  M  Co 

Nevada 

:« 

1  00 

Dec  12 

Jan  16 

Feb  6 

James  Newlanda 

203  Bush  st 

Nevada 

a 

25 

Nov  21 

Dec  30 

Jan  21 

R  H  Brown 

327  Pine  st 

Equitable  T  &  M  Co 

Utah 

m 

05 

Nov  7 

Jan  2 

Jan  21 

S  Healy 

45  Merchant's  Ex 

Gila  Con  M  Co 

Arizona 

3 

03 

Oct  17 

Nov  18 

Jan  9 

WJPettigxew 

419  California  st 

Gould  k  Curry  S  M  Co 

Nevada 

■M 

1  50 

Nov  18 

Dec  23 

Jan  14 

A  K  Durbrow 

309  Montgomery  st 

Nevada 

m 

50 

Dec  10 

Jan  15 

Feb  7 

J  F  Lightner 

58  Nevada  Block 

Martin  White  M  Uo 

Nevada 

!) 

1  50 

Dec  14 

Jan  21 

Feb  21 

J  J  Scoville 

59  Nevada  Block 

Arizona 

•/. 

50 

Oct  22 

Jan  16 

Feb  15 

H  A  Whiting 

211  Sansome  st 

Modock  Con  M  Co 

California 

■1 

50 

Nov  14 

Dec  23 

Jan  13 

JWPew 

310  Pine  st 

Nevada 

1 

50 

Dec  6 

Jan  10 

Jan  28 

W  W  Stetson 

309  Montgomery  st 

North  Con  Virginia  M  Co 

Nevada 

14 

1  00 

Nov  21 

Dec  27 

Jan  17 

G  C  Pratt 

309  Montgomery  Bt 

Real  del  Monte  M  Co 

Nevada 

4 

1  00 

Oct  15 

Nov  25 

Jan  6 

CVD  Hubbard 

312  California  st 

Savage  M  Co 

Nevada 

m 

1  00 

Dec  4 

Jan  7 

Jan  27 

E  B  Holmes 

309  Montgomery  st 

Scorpion  S  M  Co 

Nevada 

4 

10 

Dec  3 

Jan  18 

Feb  10 

G  R  Spinney 

310  Pine  st 

Succor  M  &  M  Co 

Nevada 

21 

50 

Dec  19 

Jan  21 

Feb  10 

W  H  Watson 

302  Montgomery  st 

Tioga  Con  M  Co 

California 

4 

20 

Dec  20 

.Jan  21 

Feb  13 

W  H  Lent 

327  Pine  Bt 

Tuscarora  M  &  M  Co 

Nevada 

2 

05 

Nov  13 

Dec  19 

Jan  13 

M  E  Sperling 

309  California  st 

Nevada 

a 

15 

Dec  7 

Jan  9 

Jan  29 

E  F  Stone 

306  Pine  st 

William  Penn  M  Co 

Nevada 

4 

03 

Nov  22 

Jan  23 

Feb  9 

O  J  Humphrey 

328  Montgomery  Bt 

OTHER  COMPAKIES- 

NOT  ON  THE  LISTS  OP  THE  BOARDS. 

Nevada 

4 

1  00 

Dec  9 

Jan  13 

Feb  3 

W  Willis 

309  Montgomery  s£ 
306  Pine  6* 

Black  Hawk  G  M  Co 

California 

4 

25 

Dec  10 

Jan  11 

Jan  28 

B  S  Kellogg 

Buckeye  G  &  S  M  Co 

Nevada 

19 

50 

Nov  25 

Dec  27 

Jan  16 

C  A  Sankey 

331  Montgomery  sj 

Carmelo  Bay  Coal  Co 

California 

2 

25 

Dec  20 

Feb  20 

Mar  20 

John£reif 

636  Washington  sc 

Challenge  Con  M  Co 

Nevada 

1 

20 

Nov  22 

Dec  23 

Jan  14 

WE  Dean 

203  Bush  st 

Cherokee  Flat  Blue  Grav  Co 

California 

411 

05 

Dec  20 

Jan  28 

Feb  18 

R  N  Van  Brunt 

318  Pine  st 

Colorado  River  C  &  G  M  Co 

Arizona 

3 

50 

Nov  29 

Jan  2 

Jan  IS 

H  A  Whiting 

211  Sansome  st 

California 

1 

10 

Oct  31 

Dec  5 

Jan  7 

G  A  Holden 

310  Pine  st 

Dudley  M  Co 

California 

1 

25 

Nov  1 

Dec  5 

Jan  6 

ECMasten 

22  Nevada  Block 

Eagle  S  M  &  M  Co 

Nevada 

11 

10 

Nov  30 

Jan  7 

Jan  28 

R  H  Brown 

327  Pine  st 

Father  DeSmet  Con  G  M  Co 

Dakota 

2 

1  00 

Nov  13 

Dec  18 

Jan  15 

T  Widmann 

404  Montgomery  st 

Florence  B  G  M  Co 

Cali  forma 

2 

03 

Nov  12 

Dec  17 

Jan  7 

FA  McGee 

32  Merchants' Ex 

Hazard  Gravel  M  Co 

California 

2 

06 

Dec  9 

Jan  8 

Jan  24 

J  T  McGeoghehan                 318  Pine  st 

Lodi  MCo 

Nevada 

1 

25 

Nov  20 

Jan  7 

Jan  27 

O  J  Humphrey 

328  Montgomery  st 

Loyal  Lead  G  M  Co 

California 

2 

60 

Deo  18 

Jan  20 

Feb  11 

P  M  McLaren 

31S  Pine  st 

Maybelle  Con  M  Co 

California 

I 

15 

Oct  31 

Dec  5 

Jan  7 

G  A  Holden 

310  Pine  st 

Magalia  G  M  Co 

Calif orma 

1 

10 

Nov  22 

Dec  27 

Jan  16 

T  A  White 

113  Leidesdorff  st 

McClinton  M  Co 

California 

2 

25 

Dec  24 

Jan  28 

Feb  18 

W  H  Lent 

327  Pine  st 

McMillen  S  M  Co 

Arizona 

1 

25 

Nov  22 

Jan  12 

Jan  29 

A  C  McMeans     24  Safe  Deposit  Build 

Mineral  Fork  M  &  S  Co 

Utah 

I 

02 

Oct  31 

Dec  7 

Jan  30 

Otto  Metchke 

328  Montgomery  st 

Nevada  Gravel  M  Co 

California 

.1 

05 

Dec  12 

Jan  15 

Feb  5 

J  Penteeost  " 

511  California  st 

Oriental  Con  G  &  S  M  Co 

California 

1 

50 

Nov  19 

Dec  23 

Jan  13 

F  C  Mosebach 

327  Pine  st 

California 

4 

25 

Dec  12 

Jan  13 

Jan  28 

P  Conklin 

Pleiades  G  &  S  M  Co 

Nevada 

2 

05 

Dec  21 

Jan  24 

Feb  18 

WL  Oliver 

328  Montgomery  st 

Queen  Bee  M  Co 

California 

1 

25 

Dec  2 

Jan  6 

Jan  27 

T  A  White 

113  Leidesdorff  st 

South  Utah  M  Co 

Nevada 

1 

05 

Nov  18 

Dec  21 

Jon  7 

C  S  Healy 

45  Merchants'  Ex 

California 

ti 

05 

Nov  19 

Jan  6 

Feb  4 

J  W  Clark 

318  Finest 

California 

1 

50 

Nov  27 

Jan  6 

Jan  28 

W  H  Lent 

327  Pine  st 

Arizona 

i 

1  00 

Oct  21 

Dec  10 

Jan  20 

W  H  Lent 

327  Pine  st 

Wall  Street  Q  M  Co 

California 

4 

10 

Nov  23 

Dec  28 

Jan  la 

D  K  Tripp 

401  California  s 

t 

MEETINGS  TO  BE  HELD. 

Name  of  Company. 

Location. 

Skcretarv. 

Office  in  S.  F. 

Meeting. 

Datb 

Nevada 

K  H  Brown 

327  Pine  st 

Annual 

Jan  13 

Bullion  M  Co 

Nevada 

Joseph  Grass 

418  California  st 

Annual 

Jan  9 

California  M  Co 

Nevada 

C  P  Gordon 

309  Montgomery  st 

Annual 

Jan  15 

Con  Virginia  M  Co 

Nevada 

A  "W  Havens 

301  Montgomery  st 

Annual 

Jan  9 

Eagle  C  &  8  M  Co 

California 

FW  Utter 

112  LeidesdorS  st 

Annual 

Eldora  G  &  S  M  Co 

Nevada 

A  C  Hammond 

401  California  st 

Annual 

Jan  7 

GilaS  MCo 

Nevada 

W  W  Parrish 

328  Montgomery  st 

Annual 

Jan  13 

Griffith  Con  M  &  M  Co 

<!  M  Condee 

330  Pine  st 

Annual 

Jan  7 

Henrietta  Gravel  M  Co 

California 

F  Klosterman       cor  Kearny  &  Post  sts 

Annual 

Jan  10 

Iowa  M  Co 

J  H  Leonard 

607  Kearny  st 

Annual 

Jan  14 

LidaG&SMCo 

Nevada 

A  C  Hammond 

401  California  st 

Annual 

Jan  7 

Manhattan  Coal  M  Co 

Henry  Jung 

306  Market  st 

Annual 

Jan  14 

Mastadon  G  &  S  M  Co 

Nevada 

A  C  Hammond 

401  California  st 

Annual 

Jan  7 

H  P  Livermore 

531  Market  st 

Annual 

Jan  21 

Nevada  Chief  G  &  S  M  Co 

Nevada 

A  C  Hammond 

401  California  st 

Annual 

Jan  7 

Nevada  Gravel  M  Co 

California 

J  Pentecost 

511  California  st 

Annual 

Jan  14 

Northern  Light  G&SMCo 

California 

F  S  Monroe 

419  California  st 

Annual 

Jan  6 

Peacock  Mountain  S  M  Co 

E  B  Partridge 

306  Clay  st 

Annual 

Jan  9 

Raymond  &  Ely  M  Co 

Nevada 

J  W  Pew 

310  Pine  st 

Special 

Jan  28 

Sierra  Nevada  S  M  Co 

Nevada 

W  W  Stetson 

309  Montgomery  st 

Annual 

Jan  15 

LATEST 

DIVIDENDS- WITHIN 

THREE    MONTHS 

Name  op  Company. 

Location. 

Secretary. 

Office  ij 

S.  F. 

Amount. 

Payable 

Bodie  G  M  Co 

California 

W  H  Lent 

327  Pine  st 

1  00 

Dec  14 

California  M  Co 

Nevada 

C  P  Gordon 

23  Nevada  Block 

1  00 

Dec  16 

Excelsior  W  &  M  Co 

California 

G  P  Thurston 

315  California  Bt 

Dec  20 

Eureka  Con  M  Co 

Nevada 

W  W  Traylor 

37  Nevada  Block 

300 

Dec  20 

Golden  Star  M  Co 

Arizona 

J  W  Morgan 

318  Fine  st 

25      - 

Dec  9 

Indian  Queen  M  &  M  Co 

California 

A  K  Durhrow 

69  Nevada  Block 

25 

Dec  17 

Independence  M  Co 
New  York  Hill  G  M  Co 

Nevada 

R  H  Brown 

327  Pine  st 

25 

Nov  20 

F  J  Herrmann 

418  Keamy  st 

25 

Oct  24 

Silver  King  M  Co 

Arizona 

"W  H  Boothe 

320  California  st 

50 

Oct  22 

Standard  G  MCo 

California 

W  Willis 

309  Montgomery  st 

1  00 

Dec  12 

California  Board— Latest  Sales. 


Tuesday  A.  ]H.,  Dec.  31.    60 

40  Alpha 11     70 

55  Alta 5i@5|    315 

500  JEtna 5c     50 

50  Alexander Hi  10&0 

200  Argenta 2.80   100 

100  Almaden  Q 1}  150 

900  Atlas 12Jc  500 

115  Belcher 3$@3i   100 

100  Best  SBelcher... .17(3171     50 

65  Bullion 5|<a5il    10 

10  Bodie 


85  Calif  ornia 9&@10 

100  Coao  Con 5c 

80  Con  Virginia 7|@7S 

300  Con  Imperial. ,.? 80c 

50  Crown  Point 3£<3>f  * 

60  Exchequer H@i 

100  Enterprise 1 

140  Goodahaw 30c 


Gould  &  Curry BJ<5 

Hale  ft  Nor 10f|@ 

Julia 5<ffii 

Mexican 31(33! 

Mint 18<319c 

North  Canon l2*c 

New  York 62jc 

North  Sierra  Nev 5c 

N  Scorpion 30c 

Ophir 36@3« 

Savage 9| 

Sierra  Nevada.... 41@41i 

Senator 25c 

Silver  HilL lj@1.35 

Tiger 50c 

Trojan 23^27c 

UFlag lc 

Union  Con 56@561 

YeUow  Jacket 13 J 


Pacific  Board— Latest  Sales. 


Tuesday  A.  91.,  Dec.  31. 

95  Alta H 

20  Alpha It 

50  Benton 31 

300  Best  &Belcher...I8@JR* 

260  Belcher 3.70<a>3. 

150  Bullion 58@5.40 

120  California IOJ@10i 

10  Chollar 46i 

60  Con  Virginia 8 

100  Con  Imperial 77c 

300  CrownPoint.:...3.65@3g 

315  Exchequer 4J@3.35 

170  Gould  k  Curry 9@9& 

40  Hale  &  Norcross. lli@llj 
270  Justice 3.70 


290  Julia. 51@5.20 

50  Kentutk 3.90 

80  Mackey... li 

90  Mexican 31<g3ll 

50  N  Con  Virginia 6 

300  Ophir 35i@351 

10  Overman 9} 

40  Savage 10@10J 

110  Sierra  Nevada.... 43@43* 

85  Silver  Hill 1* 

40  Trojan 25c 

30  Union 571 

240  Utah 1H@I1 

370  Ward 1.15@I1 

60  Yellow  Jacket  ...13jj@l3 


Assistant  Treasurers  of  the  United  States 
have  been  instructed  to  make  no  distinction  be- 
tween coin  and  legal  tenders  after  January  lBt, 
1879. 


The  loss  in  wages  by  the  Oldham  strike,  now 
terminated,  amounts  to  £G0,000,  besides  the 
expenditure  of  Union  funds,  and  a  loss  to  cap- 
ital by  the  stoppage,  of  4,000,000  spindles. 

A  further  enormous  depreciation  of  Turkish 
paper  money  has  occurred. 

Over  10,000  bales  of  cotton  burned  at 
Charleston,  S.  C. 


Mining  Share  Market. 

There  are  decided  symptoms  of  recovery  in 
the  market,  especially  in  the  Comstock  shares. 
The  Bodie  stocks  may  remain  rather  low  for 
some  little  time  to  come,  particularly  those 
fated  ones  whose  mines  are  in  that  unfortunate 
section  16,  township  4  north,  range  27  east. 
Taking  the  market  as  a  whole,  it  has  been 
prophesied  that  the  new  year's  activity  will 
far  excell  that  of  the  old  year  ;  the  prophet 
basing  his  plan  for  the  future,  partly  upon 
bonanzas,  which  have  hardly  kept  the  market 
alive  for  the  last  month  or  more,  partly  upon 
the  greater  depth  attained,  and  more  complete 
developments  made  in  old  mines,  and  partly, 
which  is  the  most  sensible  of  all,  upon  the  new 
discoveries  in  Arizona  and  Utah.  Meanwhile, 
instead  of  prophesying,  let  us  review  the  solid 
work  of  the  year.  The  gross  bullion  yield 
from  our  mines,  west  of  the  Missouri  river, 
has  been  (as  far  as  Weils-Fargo's  books  show) 
§78,276,167,  againBt  $95,811,582  in  1877— a 
falling  off  of  $17, 535,415.  Dividends  paid  at 
San  Francisco  during  the  past  year  have 
amounted  to  $26, 649, 300,  of  this,  two- thirds  was 
paid  by  mining  companies,  amounting  to  S18,- 
234,700.  It  is  the  mines  of  California,  Nevada, 
Utah  and  Arizona  that  pay  their  dividends  at 
San  Francisco.  These  four  have  produced,  ac- 
cording to  the  same  authority,  662,455,004. 
Taking  from  this  the  dividends,  we  have  §44,- 
220,304,  or  about  five-eighths  of  the  products  of 
the  mines  returned  into  them.  This,  of  course, 
takes  no  cognizance  of  assessments  nor  of  cap- 
ital already  invested. 


The  Betchel  and  Sitting  Bull  have  consoli- 
dated, the  company  taking  the  name  of  the 
former. 


The    distress    among    the   poor  in  England 
seems  to  have  reached  its  crisis. 


January  4,  1879. "| 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    t>RESS. 


jjjJlNING     JUMMARY. 

Hi«  following  ii  moetly  eoudcused  from  journals  pub- 
lished in  the  iuurior,  In  proximity  to  the  minw*  mentioned. 


CALIFORNIA. 
ALPINE. 

The  Minis. — Bodie  Chronicle,  Dec.  21 :  Lewis 
Chalmers,  Manager  of  the  new  London  com- 
pany—the Isabella  —  has  arrived  at  Silver 
Mountain  and  it  making  preparations  to  com- 
mence work  on  the  tunnel,  the  location  of 
which  is  being  surveyed  by  V.  S.  Deputy  Sur- 
veyor L.  L.  Hawkins.  Heavy  maehiuery  is  on 
the  way  to  drive  the  tunnel  at  the  rate  of  '200 
feet  per  montlu  H.  (.'.  Ginn  has  contracted  to 
build  a  bridge  across  Silver  creek,  near  the  site 
of  the  proposed  tunnel.  Arrangements  for  re- 
suming work  on  the  Tarshish  are  progressing 
favorably.  Considerable  wood  is  being  cut  in 
the  vicinity  of  Monitor  in  anticipation  of  an 
early  resumption  of  work  ou  the  Advance  and 
Tarshish.  It  is  reported  that  three  shifts  will 
soon  be  put  to  work  in  the  Jones  drift  on  the 
Advance.  It  is  thought  by  experts  who  have 
examined  the  mine  that  the  Jones  drift  will 
soon  tap   an  immense  ore  deposit. 

AMADOR. 

Volcano  Items. — Jackson  Ledger,  Dec.  28: 
Stewart's  mill  has  got  fairly  started  on  Downs' 
rock  agaiu.  The  mill  is  now  in  tine  condition 
for  work.  A  crushing  of  quartz  from  Jones 
and  Robinson's  claim,  at  the  Stewart  mill, 
yields  an  average  of  $11  per  ton.  Moyle  &  Co's 
claim  in  Volcano  basin  ia  all  ready  for  the  com- 
mencement of  operations.  The  lack  of  water  ia 
the  only  thing  that  prevents  active  mining.  The 
works  have  been  fixed  up  at  a  vast  outlay  to 
raise  the  pay  dirt  to  a  hight  of  GO  feet,  thereby 
ensuring  a  sufficiency  of  fall  and  pumping  facil- 
ities. All  the  workmen  have  been  discharged 
with  the  exception  of  two.  The  Rising  Sun 
mine  is  at  a  standstill.  The  owners  went  to  con- 
siderable expense  in  fixing  up  the  mine  and 
erecting  a  mill,  only  to  meet  with  disappoint- 
ment. At  the  Tellurium,  sinking  operations 
are  being  pushed  ahead,  through  rock  of  the 
hardest  character. 

Moure  Mine. — Jackson  Dispatch,  Dec.  18; 
The  ditch  will  be  completed  this  week,  and 
iron  pipe  is  being  hauled  to  those  places  where 
piping  will  be  necessary.  It  will  require  but 
little  time  and  labor  now  to  render  the  ditch 
ready  for  the  reception  of  water. 
BUTTE. 

A  Good  Prospect. — Chico  Record,  Dec.  28; 
A  few  days  ago,  John  Allen,  of  the  Junction, 
went  up  to  Butte  creek  prospecting,  and  at 
various  points  on  the  creek,  tested  the  richness 
of  the  ground  by  panning.  At  one  place  he 
secured  about  five  dollars  from  four  pans  of 
dirt,  one  piece  alone  weighing  almost  four  dol- 
lars. John  has  a  strong  idea  of  turning  honest 
miner. 

Gone  to  Mining. — Oroville  Mercury,  Dec.  27; 
A.  E.  Brittin,  recently  in  the  furniture  business 
in  Biggs,  has  forsaken  that  pursuit,  and  in  com- 
pany with  Mr.  H.  Carrington,  of  the  same  place, 
embarked  in  mining  near  Powelton.  Both  gen- 
tlemen are  experienced  miners  and  prospectors, 
and  will,  we  believe,  do  well. 
CONTRA   COSTA. 

JuDSONViLLE. — Antioch  Ledger,  Dec.  28  : 
This  town  is  situated  about  five  miles  south  of 
Antioch,  and  about  three  and  one-half  mileB 
from  Somersville.  Coal  was  discovered  near 
this  place  as  early  as  the  year  1852,  but  none  of 
the  most  valuable  mines  were  discovered  until 
1868  to  1870.  The  Teutonia  mine  was  located 
in  the  year  1868.  This  is  the  pioneer  coal  dis- 
trict of  the  Golden  State.  The  Teutonia  faces 
the  location  of  the  Judsonville  Coal  M.  Co. 
The  present  owners  began  operations  here  about 
three  years  ago.  The  depth  of  the  slope  is  now 
900  feet.  The  company  have  expended  a  great 
deal  in  machinery  and  in  building  a  narrow- 
gauge  railroad  from  Antioch  to  the  mine.  The 
quality  of  coal  is  something  similar  to  the  Som- 
ersville coal.  The  coal  is  shipped  to  Sacra- 
mento and  Stockton,  and  considerable  quantity 
of  it  is  consumed  for  domestic  purposes  in  San 
Francisco.  The  company  are  shipping  some 
2,000  tons  per  mouth. 
INYO 

A  Process  Wanted. — Independent,  Dec. 
21:  Some  35  or  40  miners  and  prospectors 
are  now  engaged  on  the  small  rich  gold  mines 
of  Alabama  district,  to  the  northwest  of  Lone 
Pine.  Two  reduction  works  are  in  operation, 
the  yield  of  fine  gold  proving  the  work  very 
profitable.  At  present,  however,  the  Orion  or 
Schulte  mine,  one  of  the  largest  and  first 
worked,  is  shut  down,  owing  to  the  practical 
impossibility,  so  far,  of  separating  the  fine  gold 
from  the  iron  sulphurets,  which  seem  to  be  a 
peculiarity  of  the  mine.  Experiments  are^going 
on  to  determine  some  method  of  handling  them, 
and  it  is  probable  that  a  small  roasting  furnace 
will  be  put  at  work.  Were  the  Beveridge  and 
the  Alabama  gold  fields  anywhere  near  such  a 
rush  as  Bodie,  there  would  be  thousands  of 
men  at  work  in  them  the  coming  summer. 

Items. — The  Brown  Monster  ore  bodies  are 
developing  well.  The  mill  was  not  started  on 
time  on  account  of  tho  ice  in  the  mill-race. 
The  expenditures  of  the  Rex  Montis  up  to 
December  12th,  amounted  to  §161,869.18,  $68,- 
912.79  of  which  was  paid  from  bullion.  The 
assets,  exclusive  of  the  valuation  of  the  mines, 
foot-up  $75,571.20,  giving  a  surplus  over 
liabilities  of  $48,572.92.  The  long  tunnel  and 
tHe  shaft  of  the  Modoc,  are  progressing  favor- 


ably.    The   Emigrant   Company,  Lee   district, 
ships  bullion  every  week.     The  Custer,  under 
the  management  of    J.  S.    Gorman,    has   good 
prospects. 
PLACER. 

Iowa  Hill.—  Auburn  Herald,  Dec  2S:  The 
Homing  Star  company  are  preparing  for  a  blast 
of  225  kegs  of  powder.  They  are  laying  down 
railroad  iron  rifiies  in  their  tail  sluices.  Mr. 
W.  W.  Anderson,  of  Gold  Run,  has  been 
elected  superintendent  of  the  Orion  claim,  Iowa 
Hill.  This  company  will  begin  to  wash  about 
the  middle  of  January. 

Canada  Hill. — Canada  Hill  is  25  miles  up 
the  divide  from  Iowa  Hill.  It  is  on  the  North 
Fork  of  the  Middle  Pork  of  the  American. 
There  are  now  about  20  miners  residing  at  that 
camp.  There  are  three  tuuuel  claims,  and  one 
hydraulic  claim,  with  a  water  ditch  of  four  miles 
in  length.  One  of  the  miners,  now  on  a  trip 
below,  says  that  the  camp  is  in  a  prospermia 
condition.  The  same  may  also  be  said  of  the 
mining  camp  at  I^ast  Chance. 
PLUMAS. 

Eukeka  Mill.— Quincy  National,  Dec.  21: 
The  new  quartz  mill  which  the  Plumas  Eureka 
company  have  been  building,  started  up  tho 
other  day,  and  runs  satisfactorily.  It  runs  by 
water  power  and  adds  40  stamps  to  the  large 
number  already  at  work.  The  mill  is  probably 
one  of  the  most  costly  in  the  State,  having  all 
the  modern  improvements,  and  has  been  fitted 
mp  regardless  of  expense.  Our  old  and  valued 
correspondent,  "Alioth,"  promised  us  a  full 
description  of  the  new  mill  when  it  was  com- 
pleted, and  we  shall  look  for  his  letter  in  a 
short  time.  # 

SANTA  CRUZ. 

Prospects  for  Coal.— San  Jose  Mercury,  Dec. 
27:  Ever  since  the  survey  of  the  South  Pacific 
Coast  railroad  and  the  commencement  of  the 
work  of  piercing  the  mountains  with  a  number 
of  tunnels,  it  haB  been  believed  that  valuable 
discoveries  would  be  made  and  mineral- secrets 
long  hidden  beneath  the  crags  of  the  Santa  Cruz 
mountains  would  be  brought  to  light.  Especially 
has  it  been  a  matter  of  interest  as  determining 
to  almost  a  certainty  whether  or  not  there  are 
in  these  hills  any  considerable  beds  of  coal. 
Some  time  ago  we  published  a  statement  that 
the  tunnel  was  then  progressing  through  a 
species  of  rock  greatly  resembling  coal,  which 
was  in  an  inferior  degree  combustible,  and 
which  gave  out  gases  very  similar  to  coal  gas. 
While  these  were  not  to  be  taken  as  evidences 
of  the  existence  of  coal  in  these  hills,  it  did 
prove  a  condition  of  things  at  one  time  which 
rendered  it  very  probable  that  the  conditions 
necessary  to  the  production  of  coal  here  had 
also  been  perfect.  This  probability  has  now 
become  a  certainty,  as  the  workmen  in  tunnel 
No.  3,  working  at  the  south  end,  have  discovered 
and  penetrated  a  vein  of  excellent  bituminous 
coal  about  eighteen  inches  in  width,  and  inter- 
secting the  tunnel  from  east  to  west. 
SIERRA. 

Machinery  for  Plum  Valley. — Downie- 
ville  Messenger,  Dec.  28 :  Twenty  tons  of  ma- 
chinery for  Culver  &  Co.'s  mine  at  Plum  valley, 
above  San  Juan,  has  been  received  here,  says 
the  Nevada  Transcript.  The  lot  includes  boiler, 
engine,  quartz  crusher,  etc.  The  mine  is  said 
to  have  good  prospects,  and  will  be  worked 
quite  extensively  as  soon  as  the  mill  is  com- 
pleted. 
TRINITY. 

Taylor  Flat,— Weaverville  Journal,  Dec. 
28 :  Mr.  Walker,  another  San  Francisco  mining 
expert  who  visited  Taylor  Flat  this  week,  ex- 
presses himself  aB  highly  pleased  with  the  pros- 
pects of  that  section.  He  thinks  it  one  of  the 
richest  gravel  deposits  in  the  State. 

Cinnabar  District. — Mr.  J.  F.  Dolliffe, 
from  the  above  district,  called  on  us  this  week, 
and  from  him  we  learn  that  the  Altoona  com- 
pany has  lately  struck  a  new  vein  of  ore  of  ex- 
ceeding richness;  also  that  a  new  superintend- 
ent has  been  placed  in  charge  of  the  mine.  Mr. 
Dolliffe  further  informed  us  that  he  had  found 
some  very  encouraging  prospects  in  his  own 
mine  recently. 
TUOLUMNE. 

Chapman. — Sonora  Independent,  Dec.  28 : 
The  Chapman  mine,  near  the  Confidence  mine, 
promises  to  be  good  property.  The  vein  is  33 
inches  wide  and  shows  free  gold  and  large 
quantities  of  rich  sulphurets.  Two  or  three 
shafts  have  been  sunk  along  the  lode,  as  far  as 
water  would  permit,  and  for  lack  of  pumping 
apparatus  work  has  been  suspended  for  a  time. 
Here  is  a  good  chance  for  enterprising  capi- 
talists. 

Confidence. — The  miners  in  the  Confidence 
are  gaining  on  the  water,  and  also  running  a 
drift  in  No.  5  level  and.  raising  good  ore. 


NEVADA. 

Our  usual  summary  of  Washoe  mines  did  not 
come  to  hand  on  time.  The  following  regard- 
ing Nevada  mines  is  taken  from  letters: 

Savage. — Letter  of  31st  says :  There  is  noth- 
ing new  in  the  mine  to  report.  Working  along 
as  usual  in  crosscut  and  drift.  Everything 
working  well, 

Silver  Hill.— Letter  of  the  28th  says:  We 
have  run  the  St.  Louis  drift  34  feet  since  last 
report,  and  the  1100  level  crosscut  10  feet.  Our 
new  pump  is  running  first-rate,  also  our  new 
bob. 

Chollar. — Letter  of  the  28th  says:  At  the 
Chollar-Norcross-Savage  shaft  during  the  past 


Grand  Prize.— Letter  of  the  30th  says: 
Ledge  in  crosscut  on  500  level  looks  very  well. 
The  ore  is  rich;  will  mill  over  $200  per  ton. 
Water  continues  very  strong  in  face  of  cross- 
cut and  progress  will  be  slow  for  a  few  days 
until  the  ledge  drains  out. 

Manhattan. — 'Letter  of  the  27th  says:  Du- 
ring the  past  week  the  mill  reduced  144  tons 
and  290  pounds  of  ore  of  the  value  of  $28,944.- 
54.  Of  this  amount,  $9,301.03  was  from  cus- 
^bm  ores;  $5,916. G3  from  tiibute  mines;  and 
013,726.83  from  the  Frost  and  Curtis  shafts. 

Hale  &  N0RCROS8.— Letter  of  the  30th  says: 
Our  east  drift  on  the  2000  level  has  been  ad- 
vanced 81  feet  since  last  report  and  is  now  SI  1 
feet.  No  material  change  in  the  character  of 
the  ground,  16  sets  of  timbers  have  been  set  up. 
The  water  stands  to-day  54  feet  below  tho  2000 
level. 

AitiiENTA,—  Letter  of  the  27th  says:  East 
winze  No.  1,  200  level,  is  down  28  feet.  Sample 
of  ore  from  bottom  to-day  assayed  $1,700  per 
ton.  The  face  of  east  drift,  200  level,  looks  as 
well  as  usual.  East  drift,  200  level,  is  looking 
better  than  at  last  report.  Stopcs  are  all  look- 
ing well. 

Raymond  &  Ely.— Letter  of  the  23d  says: 
During  the  week  nothing  new  has  transpired. 
Crosscut  on  1400  level  measured  66  feet  yester- 
day. The  last  10  feet  in  quartz  heavily  charged 
with  pyrites  and  quite  hard.  Have  started 
drifts  east  and  west  in  hanging  wall  and  will 
soon  make  two  other  crosscuts.  Tenth  level 
about  the  same  as  last  report;  looking  a  little 
better  in  the  east  end  and  not  quite  as  well  in 
the  west,  where  the  formation  seems  more 
broken  than  heretofore.  Old  levels  are  turning 
out  a  little  good  ore  all  the  time.  The  mill  has 
commenced  working  low-grade  ore  and  tail- 
ings. 

Utah. — Letter  of  the  28th  says  :  Our  main 
incline  has  been  sunk  and  timbered  16  feet  the 
past  week  and  is  now  180  feet  below  the  1350 
level.  The  bottom  is  in  good  working  rock  ; 
the  flow  of  water  continues  about  the  same. 
We  are  making  some  repairs  in  the  incline.  Our 
improvements  on  the  surface  are  progressing 
rapidly. 

Hamburg. — Letter  of  the  29th  says  :  There 
is  no  special  change  to  note  in  appearance  of 
ore  in  north  drift  40  feet  below  250  level. 
South  drift,  same  level,  shows  a  material  im- 
provement, the  vein  of  ore  having  widened  and 
continues  to  be  of  extra  good  quality.  North 
drift  80  feet  below  250  level  was  continued 
22  feet,  making  a  total  from  winze  of  84  feet ; 
near  the  end  of  this  drift  we  have  started  an 
upraise  on  the  vein  to  connect  with  the  ore  in 
bottom  of  north  drift  40  feet  above.  West 
crosscut  from  end  of  south  drift,  600  level 
was  advanced  20  feet,  face  still  in  favorable  vein 
matter.  We  have  shipped  to  the  furnace  du- 
ring the  week  75  tons  of  first-class  ore, 

ABIZONA. 

We  condense  the  following  from  the  Prescott 
Miner,  of  Dec.  13: 

Occidental. — Marshal  Duke,  interested  in 
this  gold  mine  on  Lynx  creek,  thinks  favorably 
of  the  prospect.  The  mill,  now  in  order,  will 
Boon  start  up  on  first-class  ore.  Development 
is  carried  on  by  ten  men. 

McCrackin.—  In  the  Bateman  tunnel,  900 
feet  below  the  surface,  a  very  rich  strike  has 
been  made.  Twenty  men  are  developing  the 
mine. 

A  New  Finb  in  the  Jctniper  Range. — 
Messrs.  Cooney,  Burns  and  Waters,  have  lo- 
cated some  very  rich  silver  ledges  near  the 
headwaters  of  Sycamore  creek,  a  tributary  of 
the  Santa  Maria.  The  discoveries  are  in  a  belt 
of  slate.  Assays  go  up  into  the  thousands. 
COLORADO. 

General  Mining  News.— Boulder  News  and 
Courier,  Dec  20:  The  Terrible  mine  at  George- 
town is  being  again  profitably  worked.  It  is 
estimated  that  100  feet  square  of  the  Little 
Pittsburg  deposit  is  worth,  in  round  numbers, 
§1,000,000.  The  Long  and  Derry  mine  at  Lead- 
ville  has  been  bonded  for  60  days  by  Mr.  Teats 
of  Gilpin  county,  in  behalf  of  Senator  Teller,  for 
$260,000.  Some  ore  from  a  new  discovery  near 
Twin  lake,  in  Lake  county,  assays  22,000 
ounces  to  the  ton,  of  horn  silver.  The  ore  re- 
sembles black  lava,  and  appears  in  large  quan- 
tities. Ten-mile  district,  near  Leadvifle,  will 
be  a  famous  locality  before  another  winter  rolls 
around.  Recent  assays  have  returned  1,800 
ounces  of  silver  per  ton  from  heavy  deposits  of 
mineral.  In  Summit  district,  a  rich  strike  has 
been  made  in  the  Little  Annie  mine,  showing 
much  free  gold.  This  class  of  ore  is  sacked  and 
sent  to  New  York.  It  fairly  bristles  with  gold. 
The  mine  has  kept  its  10-stamp  mill  busy  the 
entire  season.  We  learn  from  the  Chieftain 
that  a  new  excitement  has  arisen  in  Pueblo  over 
the  discovery  of  a  rich  silver  mine  in  Dry  creek, 
about  three  miles  north  of  town.  Specimens 
of  the  mineral  were  assayed  at  the  lixiviation 
works,  and  gave  large  returns.  The  Little 
Chief  mining  property,  at  Leadville,  was  sold 
Tuesday  to  Chicago  parties  for  $360,000.  A 
good  strike  has  lately  been  made  in  the  Dun- 
kirk lode,  belonging  to  the  Herman  mining 
company,  of  New  York. 

IDAHO. 
Snake  River. — Boise  Statesman,  Deo.  21  : 
Mr.  Miles  Burston  who  resides  on  the  Snake 
river  bottom  a  few  miles  below  Salmon  falls, 
was  in  town  yesterday,  and  from  him  we  learn 
that  there  are  several  companies  now  organized 
and  at  work  on  the  bars  of  that  section  of  the 


week  we  have  been  working  on  pumps  which  1  river.  The  numerous  large  springs  which  gush  out 
are  nearly  finished.  We  have  eased  and  re- 1  from  the  banks  of  the  river  for  several  miles  on 
paired  45  feet  of  the  shaft.  |  the  north  side  afford  an  abundant  supply  of 


water,  which  will  now  be  utilized  in  working 
the  bars,  where  prospects  as  good  as  those  of  the 
great  Bonanza  bar  have  been  found.  Mr.  Burs- 
ton  says  that  parties  have  been  prospecting  the 
river  as  far  down  as  the  mouth  of  the  Bruueau, 
and  have  found  gold  in  quantities  that  will  pay 
well  by  the  new  process,  which  they  are  also 
preparing  to  introduce. 

Kutii  District. —Boise  Statesman,  Dec.  24: 
Mr.  John  Atwell  came  in  on  Saturday  from 
Ruth  district,  Weiser  mines.  He  has  beon 
engaged  in  quartz  mining  in  this  district  for 
four  years  past.  Work  has  gone  on  very  slow 
and  only  a  few  men  have  been  engaged  in  the 
mines— only  five  men  on  them  now.  Mr. 
James  Ruth  will  have  his  quartz  mill  in  opera- 
tion early  in  the  spring.  The  battery  is  put  up 
in  its  place,  and  the  rest  of  the  inside  work  will 
be  put  in  this  wiuter.  The  Indian  troubles  put 
them  back  a  good  deal  last  summer  and  summer 
before,  but  a  few  men  have  been  there  all  the 
time,  and  they  havo  several  well-defined  leads 
opened,  and  they  are  very  sanguine  that  another 
year  will  put  some  of  these  mines  into  a  prosper 
ous  and  paying  condition. 

MONTANA. 

Rich  Strike  in  the  LEXiNGToN.^Helena 
Independent,  Dec.  19:  New  and  very  rich  bodies 
of  ore  havo  recently  been  developed  in  the  Lex- 
ington mine  ou  Ten  Mile.  At  the  present  time 
the  shaft  is  160  feet  deep  and  the  lode  is  four 
feet  in  width.  There  are  streaks  of  ore  running 
through  the  lode  that  assay  $5,000  to  $20,000 
per  ton.  The  mine  has  always  paid  expenses, 
but  never  before  had  such  a  bonanza. 

Items. — The  Bluebird  hoisting  works  have 
been  destroyed  by  fire.  Christ,  King,  Fred 
Muller  &  Co.,  have  good  pay  in  Central  district. 
The  Benson  bonanza,  New  York  gulch,  will  no 
doubt  pay  well  when  experienced  men  take  hold 
of  it.  The  suit,  at  Helena,  of  King  vs.  the 
National  Mining  Co.  for  $500,000  damages  by 
trespass,  has  been  decided  for  the  defendant. 
Eleven  tons  of  Bercaw  ore  yielded  by  arastra 
$226.  It  is  reported  that  there  is  enough  ore 
in  sight  at  the  Penobscot  to  keep  10Q  stamps 
running  for  a  year.  The  Hope  mining  company 
at  Philipsburg,  are  still  taking  out  ore.  The 
Northwestern  company  have  laid  in  immense 
supplies  of  wood  and  salt.  From  three  to  four 
feet  of  the  lode  tapped  by  Murray  &  Durfee  in 
the  Sharktown  tunnel  samples  130  to  200  ounces 
per  ton.  The  whole  lode,  over  nine  feet  wide, 
carries  paying  quantities  of  silver. 

NEW  MEXICO. 

Georgetown  and  Silver  Cnx — Quartz 
writes  to  the  Salt  River  Herald  from  George- 
town, under  date  of  Dec.  11th:  Most  of  the 
miners  are  doing  well.  Kennedy  &  Harper  are 
constantly  taking  out  ore.  Deller  &  Webster 
have  taken  out  some  25  or  30  tons  of  $200  ore 
during  the  last  two  or  three  months.  John 
McGregor  has  a  lease  on  a  large  streak  of  rich 
ore.  Lemon  &  Kite,  lessees  of  the  McNulty, 
have  struck  a  rich  streak.  The  Naiad  Queen, 
Meredith  &  Ailment,  keep  six  hammers  busy 
on  ore  which  yields  from  100  to  2,000  ounces  per 
ton.  The  Commercial  and  Satisfaction  are 
turning  out  a  great  deal  of  ore.  The  mines 
about  Silver  City  show  equally  hopeful  signs. 
In  the  Legal  Tender  and  the  New  Issue  it  is 
estimated  that  there  are  at  least  2,000  tons  of 
ore  in  sight,  which  may  pay  from  20  to  500 
ounces  per  ton.  Their  ores  principally  consist 
of  gray  carbonates,  sulphurets  and  chlorides 
and  some  beautiful  specimens  of  horn  silver 
may  be  seen  at  all  depths,  as  far  as  they  have 
be£n  worked.  In  fact  one  can  scarcely  break 
open  a  piece  of  quartz  that  does  not  show  more 
or  less  horn  silver. 

OREGON. 

Mining  Items. — Jackson  vUleSentinel,  Dec.  25: 
T.  L.  Beck,  of  Willow  Springs,  last  week  picked 
up  a  gold  nugget  weighing  $18. 75  while  cleaning 
up  the  bedrock  on  his  claim.  McKnight  & 
Goldworthy  qf  Foot's  creek  are  now  ready  to 
begin  hydraulicking,  Bybee,  Hawkette  &  Co., 
near  mouth  of  Slate  creek,  have  suspended  on 
account  of  the  freezenp.  All  the  hydraulic 
miners  in  this  county  are  ready  to  commence 
work  as  soon  as  they  have  water.  It  is  now 
feared  that  the  season  will  be  a  dry  one,  as  the 
winter  rains  during  a  wet  season  generally  begin 
about  the  middle  of  December.  Last  winter, 
however,  very  little  rain  fell  before  the  middle 
of  January,  and  still  the  miners  had  a  long  and 
prosperous  run.  It  is  hoped  that  it  will  be  the 
same  this  year. 

UTAH. 

Park  Citv. — Salt  Lake  Tribune,  Dec.  24: 
McCormick  &  Co.  yesterday  received  22  bars  of 
bullion  from  the  Marsac  mill  in  Park  City.  It 
is  base,  but  runs  high  in  silver,  being  about  260 
fine.  This  makes  the  second  shipment,  the 
first  having  been  received  on  the  17th  inst.  in 
12  bars.  That,  however,  went  low  in  silver. 
Mr.  Ferry,  who  has  the  running  of  the  mill,  is 
adopting  means  to  increase  the  grade  of  bullion, 
and  save  all  there  is  in  the  tailings  at  the  old 
Marsac,  from  which  these  bars  are  being  made. 
Weekly  shipments  may  be  expected  now  while 
the  tailings  last. 

Ore  from  Nevada. — Ores  from  Nevada  still 
come  to  the  Salt  Lake  market  to  be  disposed 
of.  The  last  lot  came  from  the  Jersey  and 
other  mines  at  Battle  Mountain,  and  was  con- 
signed to  McCormick  &  Co.,  by  J.  A.  Blossom. 
This  ore  consisted  of  three  carloads  in  seven 
lots  of  various  grades,  ranging  from  50%  to  60% 
in  lead,  and  from  50  to  150  ounces  in  silver. 
Lead  ore  is  just  what  our  smelters  need  at  the 
present  time,  and  they  must  have  it  in  order  to 
run. 


6 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[January  4,  1879. 


Mines  and  Works  of  Almaden  — No.  16. 

Translated  for  the  Press  from  "Annales  pes  Mikes."] 

Is  the  condensation  effected  in  a  sufficient 
manner  either  in  the  aludels  or  in  the  conden- 
sers ?  If  it  is  badly  accomplished,  we  should 
assuredly  find  mercurial  vapors  in  the  gas 
which  escapes  by  the  extreme  chimneys. 

M.  Lucas  deAldana,  to-day  Inspector-General 
of  Mines,  made,  in  1851,  a  series  of  experiments 
upon  this  subject;  he  looked  for  the  mercurial 
vapors  by  placing  a  leaf  of  gold  (unefeuille  d'or) 
at  the  upper  part  of  the  chimneys.  Let  us  see 
the  account  rendered  of  his  experiments 
(Revisito  minera  t.  II.,  p.  378). 

The  leaf  of  gold  placed  during  12  hours,  at 
the  end  of  the  second  day  of  work,  upon  the 
extreme  chimney  of  a  Bustamente  furnace,  had 
not  presented  after  these  12  hours  anything  but 
a  deposit  of  small  drops  of  water  condensed. 

After  32  hours  of  the  period  of  roasting,  and 
24  of  cooling,  the  gold  plate  presented  a  white 
spot  in  the  center. 

After  16  hours  of  the  period  of  cooling, 
nothing. 

After  24  hours  of  the  period  of  roasting  over 
the  worst  of  the  furnaces,  the  spots  were  a 
little  increased. 

After  25  hours,  another  time,  very  slight 
traces. 

After  94  hours,  they  were  sensibly  amalga- 
mated. 

What  do  these  results  prove  ?  That  there  is 
an  amalgamation  of  the  sheet  of  gold,  by  con- 
sequence of  a  loss  of  mercury,  it  is  true.  But 
not  that  this  loss  is  elevated.  If  the  loss  was 
30%  there  would  escape  by  the  two  chimney? 
about  350  kilograms  of  mercury;  let  us  even  re- 
duce this  figure  by  half,  admitting  that  one- 
half  escapes  by  the  cracks,  there  would  still  be 
87.5  kilograms  which  would  escape  by  each  of 
the  chimneys  during  the  two  periods  of  firing 
and  of  roasting;  the  amount  of  amalgamation 
seems  very  small  for  a  pHte  of  gold  one  deci- 
meter square,  over  which  had  passed  S7.5  kilo- 
grams of  mercurial  vapor. 

These  experiments  have  rtlso  proved  that  the 
amalgamation  seems  more  u  moult  in  the  pres- 
ence of  the  vapor  of  water. 

All  these  contrary  considerations  would  leave 
us  in  complete  indecision,  without  the  exact  ex- 
periments to  which  we  have  already  alluded. 
We  think  advisable,  in  order  to  show  under 
what  exact  conditions  these  experiments  have 
been  made,  to  recount  briefly  their  history.  A 
French  engineer,  M.  Emile  Pellet,  had  presented 
to  the  Council  of  Mines  (Junta  de  minas),  iu 
1867,  the  plan  of  a  new  furnace  for  the  distilla 
tion  of  the  ores  of  mercury.  The  council  gave, 
April  10th,  1867,  a  report  favoring  a  trial  of  Pel- 
let's system;  the  royal  order  was  given  June  5th 
of  the  same  year.  The  Pellet  furnace  was  buill 
in  1868  and  the  experiments  were  begun  in  1869 

Let  ub  see  the  principles  of  the  new  method: 
1st.  Calcination  is  still  adopted;  the  fuel  is  coke 
mixed  in  thin  alternating  layers  with  the  ore. 
2d.  The  condensation  is  accomplished  in  five 
chambers  of  which  the  last  four  are  divided  into 
two  compartments  by  a  median  wall  pierced 
with  holes.  In  these  chambers  falls  a  continu- 
ous rain  of  fresh  water.  The  bottom  is  covered 
by  a  bed  of  water  which  ordinarily  isolates  each 
chamber  from  the  preceding;  the  vapors  can 
not  pass  from  the  one  to  the  other,  except 
when  the  bed  of  water  is  agitated  in  such  a 
manner  as  to  disclose  the  opening.  This  agita- 
tion is  produced  by  the  action  of  a  ventilator, 
which  draws  the  gas  and  the  vapors. 

The  consumption  of  water,  considerable  for 
an  establishment  which  has  at  its  disposition 
only  that  which  is  extracted  from  the  mines, 
the  necessity  of  men  constantly  occupied  with 
the  charging  and  discharging,  the  necessity  of  a 
motor  for  the  ventilator,  the  need  of  watching 
the  level  of  water  in  the  chambers,  the  impos- 
sibility of  remedying  serious  accidents  without 
first  cooling  off  the  fire,  and,  finally,  the  diffi- 
culty of  treating  the  fine  ore,  were  certainly 
grave  inconveniences  of  the  new  system  ;  they 
might  assuredly  be  neglected  without  hesita- 
tion, if  the  furnace  had  been  able  to  realize  the 
hopes  of  its  inventor,  viz. ,  absolute,  or  at  least 
nearly  absolute,  suppression  of  the  losses  of 
mercury,  economy  in  the  costs  of  treatment, 
suppression  of  the  mercurial  vapors,  so  injur- 
ious to  the  health  of  the  workmen. 

Iu  case  of  success,  M.  Pellet  required  that 
they  should  give  him,  as  a  reward,  the  benefits 
resulting  from  the  application  of  his  system  dur- 
ing one  year.  These  benefits  were  estimated  to 
be  3,730,000  francs.  The  assays  were  begun 
April  4th,  1869,  under  the  direction  of  M. 
Monasterio,  Inspector- General  of  Mines,  and 
Director  of  the  School  of  Mines  at  Madrid. 

M.  Pellet  first  made  a  preliminary  assay  of  55 
tonB  of  ore  ;  54, 952  kilograms  of  ore,  containing 
4,501.523  kilograms  of  mercury,  gave: 

Kilograms. 

By  direct  distillation 2,899.10 

Batido  de  cabezas 508. 20 

80%  of  mercury  of  the  residues 348.54 

Total 3,255.84 

Loss,  1,245.677  kilograms,  which  is  2,266%  of 
ore  treated,  or  27.672%  of  mercury  contained. 
They  proceeded  then  to  a  comparative  test  be- 
tween the  Pellet  furnace  and  the  Idria  furnace. 
The  results  of  this    trial  are  of  great  interest, 


not  so  much  for  the  Pellet  furnace,  as  that  is  no 
longer  a  question  to-day,  as  for  the  Idria  fur- 
nace, which  is  still  in  use.  In  order  to  give  to 
M.  Pellet  all  the  guaranties  of  equity  and  im- 
partiality that  he  could  desire,  the  following 
arrangements  were  exactly  observed  : 

The  ores  divided  into  10  classes  remained  ex- 
posed to  the  air  at  the  disposition  of  M.  Pellet 
for  all  the  observations  which  he  wished  to 
make  during  the  month  of  April.  M.  Pellet 
declared  himself  entirely  satisfied  with  the 
classification. 

The  two  furnaces  to  be  compared  were  each 
separated  by  a  wall  in  such  a  manner  as  to  per- 
mit an  exact  control  of  the  materials.  Three 
watchmen  were  detailed  by  day  and  three  by 
night.  The  charges  were  weighed  exactly,  and 
they  were  made  identical  for  each  furnace, 
both  as  to  weight  and  as  to  contents.  Assays 
were  carefully  taken  from  each  weighing,  and 
were  made  both  by  the  engineers  and  by  M. 
Pellet.  All  the  products  were  accurately 
weighed.  All  other  work  in  the  neighborhood 
of  the  two  furnaces  was  prohibited. 

M.  Pellet  himself  recognized  the  high  senti- 
ments of  justice  which  inspired  M.  Monasterio, 


Harlan's  Buzzard. 

Our  engraving  shows  Harlan's  buzzard  which 
was  added  to  the  fauna  of  the  United  States  by 
Mr.  Audubon  about  the  year  1830,  and  by  him 
called  after  Dr.  Richard  Harlan,  of  Philadel- 
phia. He  speaks  of  two  specimens  only,  which 
were  captured  in  Louisiana.  They  had  bred  in 
the  neighborhood  of  the  place  where  found  for 
two  seasons,  but  their  nests  were  not  seen. 
Their  young  are  said  to  appear  of  a  leaden-gray 
color  at  a  distance,  but  to  become  as  dark  as  the 
adult  birds  at  the  approach  of  winter.  These 
birds  were  successively  seen  perched  on  the  top 
of  a  high  tree,  standing  in  an  erect  attitude, 
and  appeared  so  like  the  black  hawk  {Falco 
niger)  of  Wilson,  as  to  be  at  first  taken  for  it. 
They  were  hard  to  approach,  and  when  severely 
wounded  and  captured  they  proved  tierce, 
courageous  and  intractable,  and  died  refusing 
food.  They  were  considerably  smaller  than  the 
red-tailed  hawk,  to  which  they  are  allied,  but 
superior  in  daring;  their  flight  is  rapid,  pro- 
tracted, and  so   powerful  as    to  enable   them  to 


HARLAN'S    BUZZARD. 


the  character  of  which  was  a  guaranty  of  the 

most  perfect  impartiality  of   the   experiments. 

[To  be  Continued.] 


A  New  Indicator. — The  Gold  Hill  News 
thus  describes  a  valuable  invention  of  Hans 
Behr,  a  machinist  at  the  Foulton  foundry, 
Gold  Hill:  "It  is  an  indicator  by  which  the 
engineer  is  to  determine  the  exact  location  of 
the  cage  when  moving  up  and  down  the  shaft, 
and  thus  enable  the  prevention  of  many  of  the 
accidents  that  still  occur  from  time  to  time, 
with  the  best  patented  indicators  now  in  uBe. 
Behr's  indicator  consists  of  a  simple,  upright 
spiral  screw,  having  a  direct  positive  connection 
and  action  with  the  hoisting  engine.  To  this 
screw  is  attached  a  hand  or  indicator  which 
moves  up  or  down  as  the  cage  is  hoisted  or 
lowered  in  the  shaft,  marking  with  the  utmost 
precision  and  unerring  certainty  on  a  dill  plate 
representing  the  shaft  and  its  stations,  no  mat- 
ter how  many  in  number,  the  exact  position  of 
the  cage.  The  attachment  is  so  direct,  simple 
and  positive,  that  if  the  engineer  pays  attention 
to  the  indicator  it  seems  impossible  for  an  ac- 
cident to  occur.  This  indicator  has  been  chosen 
for  the  works  of  the  North  Con.  Virginia  shaft, 
an  argument  much  in  favor  of  the  invention. " 

It  is  calculated  that  £2,000,000  a  year  of 
property  is  destroyed  by  the  London  smoke. 


seize  their  prey  with  apparent  ease,  or  to  effect 
their  escape  from  the  red-tailed  hawk,  which 
pursues  them  on  all  occasions.  They  have  not 
been,  observed  to  fall  on  hares  or  squirrels,  but 
at  all  times  evince  great  fondness  for  common 
poultry,  partridges,  and  the  smaller  species  of 
wild  ducks. 


Coagulated  Petroleum. — If  powdered  soap- 
wort  (root  of  Saponaria  officinalis,  L. ),  previ- 
ously wetted  with  water,  be  added  to  petroleum, 
no  matter  how  light  its  density,  the  two  sub- 
stances form  a  thick  mucilage ;  so  that  the  vessel 
containing  the  mixture  may  be  inverted  without 
any  of  it  flowing  out.  On  adding  a  few  drops 
of  carbolic  acid  and  stirring,  the  mucilage 
becomes  clear  in  a  few  minutes. 


Mr.  George  Wyld,  M.  D.,  says:  "Although 
I  have  always  held  that  electricity,  sooner  or 
later  was  destined  to  become  the  light  of  the 
future,  still  my  faith  in  gas  is  so  strong,  that  I 
have  doubled  my  stake  in  gas  shares  since  the 
scare  began.  Coal  gas  is  destined  to  become 
the  cooking  and  heating  power  of  the  future." 

Linen  and  woolen  fabrics  are  entirely  incom- 
bustible if  impregnated  with  a  solution  con- 
taining five  per  cent,  of  alum  and  five  per  cent, 
of  phosphate  of  ammonia.  They  lose  this  qual- 
ity by  washing. 


\\E    tfiqiMEEF^. 


The  Effect  of  Brakes  On  Railway  Trains. 

At  a  recent  meeting  of  the  Institution  of  Me- 
chanical Engineers,  at  Manchester,  England, 
"  The  Effect  of  Brakes  on  Railway  Trains"  was 
the  subject  oE  a  paper  by  Capt.  Douglas  Galton, 
G.  B.,  in  continuation  of  a  paper  read  by  him  at 
the  Paris  meeting  of  the  institution.  He  de- 
scribed minutely  the  results  obtained  by  exper- 
iments on  the  London,  Brighton  and  South 
Coast  and  Northeastern  railways.  Recapitulating 
what  appeared  from  these  experiments  to  be  the 
essential  conditions  of  a  good  brake,  he  said  the 
pressure  with  which  the  brake-blocks  were  ap- 
plied to  the  wheels  should  be  as  high  as  pos- 
sible, short  of  the  point  which  would  cause  the 
wheels  to  be  skidded  and  slide  on  the  rails.  In 
practice,  and  as  a  question  of  safety,  it  was  of 
the  greatest  importance  that,  in  the  case  of  a 
train  traveling  at  a  high  rate  of  speed,  that 
speed  should  be  reduced  as  rapidly  as  possible 
on  the  first  application  ot  the  brakes.  For  in- 
stance, a  brake  which  reduced  the  speed  from 
60  miles  an  hour  to  20  miles  an  hour,  in  say  six 
seconds,  had  a  great  advantage  as  regarded 
safety  over  a  brake  which  would  only  reduce 
the  speed  from  60  to  40  miles  an  hour  in  the 
same  time.  The  maximum  pressure  should  be 
applied  to  the  wheels  as  rapidly  as  possible,  and 
uniformly  in  all  parts  of  the  train.  The  skid- 
ding of  the  wheel,  so  that  it  slid  on  the  rail,  was 
altogether  a  mistake,  so  far  as  rapid  stopping 
was  concerned;  in  addition  to  this  it  must  clear- 
ly cause  a  deteriorating  effect  in  tending  to  force 
forward  the  rails  and  sleepers;  whereas,  so  long 
as  the  wheels  continue  to  rotate,  no  such  effect 
would  be  produced.  Railway  companies,  in 
considering  what  form  of  brake  was  best  suited 
for  traffic,  must,  whilst  they  gave  full  weight 
to  the  mechanical  conditions  discussed  in  this 
paper,  also  ascertain  the  durability  and  facilities 
for  maintenance  and  repair  presented  by  the 
various  systems.  It  was  further  clear,  from  the 
present  series  of  extents,  that  the  universal  ap- 
plication of  continuous  brakes  would  raise  many 
questions  as  to  the  strength  of  the  rolling  stock 
now  in  use,  much  of  which  was  constructed 
originally  to  meet  other  conditions  of  traffic. 


Improvements  on  the  Kanawha. 

The  Government  improvements  of  the  naviga- 
tion on  the  Kanawha  river,  by  dams  and  locks, 
now  under  way,  will  tend  to  develop  the 
resources  of  this  most  wonderful  region.  The 
American  Manufacturer  says  :  Ten  locks  and 
dams  will  furnish  slack-water  navigation  from 
the  Ohio  river  to  Cannelton,  a  distance  of  85 
miles,  the  cost  of  which  will  be  about  $250, 000 
for  each  dam  with  lock.  Of  these  ten,  there 
will  be  three  above  and  seven  below  Charleston. 
These  locks  and  dams  are  being  constructed  of 
hewn  stone,  and  in  the  most  workmanlike 
manner.  In  nine  of  the  dams,  however,  there 
is  to  be  an  "open  pass,"  250  feet  in  length.  In 
this  "open  pass"  there  is  to  be  a  wooden  and 
iron  structure,  so  arranged  that  it  can  be 
elevated  in  low  water,  and  thereby  furnish 
seven  feet  of  water  in  the  shallowest  places  in 
the  river,  and  can  be  lowered  during  high  water, 
and  thereby  furnish  free  and  unobstructed 
navigation  during  the  rises  in  the  river.  Hence 
these  dams  are  called  "movable  dams."  The 
first  nine  dams  from  the  Ohio  river  are  to  be 
movable  dams,  which  will  furnish  seven  feet  of 
water  from  Paint  creek  to  the  Ohio  river  during 
low  water,  and  an  open  river  during  high  water. 
The  locations  and  lifts  of  the  dams  will  be  as 
follows  :  At  or  near  the  mouth  of  the  Kanawha, 
eight  feet  lift ;  at  or  near  Debby's  Ripple,  seven 
feet  lift ;  at  or  near  Gillespie's  Ripple,  six  feet 
lift ;  at  or  near  Red  House  Shoals,  six  and  one 
half  feet  lift ;  at  or  near  Johnson's  Shoals,  seven 
feet  lift ;  at  or  near  Newcomer's  Shoals,  six  and 
one  half  feet  lift ;  at  or  near  Island  Shoals, 
seven  feet  lift ;  at  Brownstown,  seven  feet  lift ; 
at  Cabin  creek,  seven  feet  lift ;  at  or  near  Paint 
creek,  fifteen  feet  lift ;  total  "lifts,"  77  feet,  in 
a. distance  of  85  miles. 


Improvement  in  Onr  Ship-Building  In- 
dustry. 

So  much  is  said  about  the  impossibility  of  a 
revival  of  the  ship-building  industry  in  this 
country  under  the  present  tariff,  that  we  are 
glad  to  pick  up  every  item  bearing  on  the  sub- 
ject. The  foUowing  statistics  will  be  interest- 
ing in  this  connection: 

During  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30th,  1878, 
32  iron  vessels  were  built,  with  a  tonnage  of 
25,960.29  tons.  This  record  is  second  to  the 
best  record  the  country  has  yet  made,  which 
was  in  1874,  when  the  tonnage  aggregated  33,- 
097  tons.  The  next  best  record  in  tonnage  was 
in  1873,  when  it  amounted  to  26,548  tons.  The 
number  of  iron  vessels  built  during  the  pa&t 
year  was  greater  than  in  any  other  year,  the 
year  which  most  favorably  compares  with  it  be- 
ing 1873,  when  26  were  built.  Of  the  vesselB 
built  during  the  past  year,  9  were  ocean  pro- 
pellers, varying  in  tonnage  from  1,156  tons  to 
3,548  tons;  1  was  a  lake  propeller  of  306  tons;  1 
was  a  stern-wheel  river  steamer  of  1,028  tons;  7 
were  side-wheel  river  steamers,  ranging  from 
128  to  1,285  tons  ;  13  were  steam  tugs,  the 
largest  of  which  measured  180  tons;  and  the  re- 
maining vessel  was  a  yacht. 

The  number  of  vessels  and  the  tonnage  will, 
this  year,  probably  exceed  that  of  any  previous 


January  4,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


year  in  the  history  of  the  country.  One  of  the 
latest  launches  was  the  fine  Bteamer  St,  Johns, 
for  ocean  and  river  travel,  from  the  yard  of  the 
Harlan  &  Hollingsworth  Company,  at  Wilming- 
ton, DeL  The  St.  John*  is  for  the  Charleston, 
Savannah  &  Florida  Line,  and  her  measurement 
is  as  follows:  Length,  2t>0;  beam,  38  feet;  beam 
over  all,  G4  feet.  Her  cylinder  is  G<>  inches  in 
diameter,  with  12  feet  length  of  stroke. 

At  the  yard  of  John  Hoach,  Chester  Pa.,  the 
double  turreted  monitor  Miantonomah,  Govern- 
ment vessel,  is  in  hand,  receiving  her  machinery 
and  finishing  touches.  Two  other  vessels  are 
on  the  stocks,  and  a  large  number  of  men  have 
recently  been  added  to  the  working  force  in  the 
yard,  giving  it  a  more  lively  aspect  than  it  has 
worn  for  some  time. 


Bridging  the  Bosphorus. — Capt.  James  B. 
Kads,  the  well-known  engineer  of  the  iron 
bridge  at  St.  Louis,  who  has  long  been  con- 
nected with  the  jetties  at  the  delta  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi river,  has  recently  prepared  plans  for 
bridging  the  Bosphorua,  thus  connecting  Pera 
with  the  Asiatic  shore.  Capt.  Eads  was  as- 
sisted in  his  calculations  and  surveys  by  A.  O. 
Lambert,  a  civil  engineer.  The  bridge  will  be 
6,000  feet  long  and  GOO  feet  wide.  It  will  have 
fifteen  spans,  and  will  be  almost  entirely  built 
of  iron.  The  bight  of  the  roadway  above  the 
surface  of  the  water  will  be  120  feet,  SO  feet  less 
than  the  elevation  of  the  Brooklyn  bridge. 
The  center  arch  will  be  a  span  of  7")0  feet,  one 
of  the  longest  spans  ever  contemplated.  The 
central  piers  or  main  portion  of  the  structure 
will  be  50  feet  thick,  built  of  solid  granite 
blocks  fastened  together  with  iron  braces.  The 
main  tiers  are  270  feet  high  from  foundation  to 
summit.  The  cost  of  the  entire  structure  is 
estimated  at  between  $18,000,000  and  §25,000,- 
000,  and  six  years  are  given  as  the  time  to  com- 
plete it.  Excellent  granite  is  near  at  hand, 
and  as  the  iron  work  will  probably  be  done  in 
France  and  Belgium,  there  will  be  no  delay.  It 
is  also  thought  that  cheap  labor  can  be  em- 
ployed. The  increase  in  the  value  of  property 
that  will  necessarily  follow  the  completion  of 
the  work,  it  is  believed,  will  amply  repay  the 
cost  of  the  project.  The  construction  of  the 
bridge  will  doubtless  do  much  towards  the  com- 
pletion of  the  Euphrates  Valley  railroad,  mak- 
ing it  the  preferred  route  to  India. 


The  Gibraltar  Tunnel. — The  proposed 
tunnel  between  Spain  and  Africa  is  still  before 
the  public.  This  tunnel,  according  to  the  plan 
at  present  contemplated,  is  to  extend  from 
withiu  a  abort  distance  of  Algeciras,  on  the 
Spanish  side,  to  between  Tangier  and  Ceuta  on 
the  African  side.  The  length  of  the  submarine 
tunnel  will  be  nine  miles,  with  an  inclination  of 
one  foot  per  hundred,  aid  the  approaches  will 
have  an  extent  of  six  or  seven  miles.  The 
greatest  depth  of  the  see  is  3,000  feet ;  and,  as 
it  is  intended  to  have  a  thickness  of  some  300 
feet  of  rock  left  between  the  roof  of  the  tunnel 
and  the  sea  bottom,  tie  greatest  depth  of  the 
tunnel  will  thus  be  3,300  feet  below  the  level  of 
the  aea. — Am.  Architect. 


How  to  Do  Up  Shirt  Bosoms.— Take  two 
tablespoons  best  starch,  add  a  very  little  water 
to  it,  rub  and  stir  with  a  spoon  into  a  thick 
paste,  carefully  breaking  all  the  lumps  and  par- 
ticles. Add  a  pint  of  boiling  water,  stirring  at 
the  same  time;  boil  half  an  hour,  stirring  occa- 
sionally to  keep  it  from  burniug.  Add  a  piece 
of  "enamel"  the  size  of  a  pea;  if  this  is  not  at 
hand  use  a  tablespoonful  gum  arabic  solution, 
(made  by  pouring  boiling  water  upon  gum  ara- 
bic and  standing  until  clear  and  transparent), 
or  a  piece  of  clean  mutton  tallow  half  the  size 
of  a  nutmeg,  and  a  teaspoon  of  salt  will  do,  but 
it  is  not  as  good.  Strain  the  starch  through  a 
strainer  or  a  piece  of  thin  muslin.  Have  the 
shirt  turned  wrong  side  out;  dip  the  bosoms 
carefully  in  the  starch  and  squeeze  out,  repeat- 
ing the  operations  until  the  bosoms  are  thor- 
oughly aud  evenly  saturated  with  the  starch; 
proceed  to  dry.  Three  hours  before  ironing  dip 
the  bosoms  in  clean  water;  wring  out  and  roll 
up  tightly.  First  iron  the  back  by  folding  it 
lengthwise  through  the  center;  next,  iron  the 
wristbands  and  both  sides  of  the  sleeves;  then 
the  collar-band;  now  place  the  bosoniboard  un- 
der the  bosom,  and  with  a  dampened  napkin 
rub  the  bosom  from  the  top  towards  the  bottom, 
smoothing  and  arranging  each  plait  neatly. 
With  a  smooth,  moderately  hot  iron,  begin  at 
top  and  iron  downward,  and  continue  the  oper- 
ation until  the  bosom  is  perfectly  dry  and  shin- 
ing. Remove  the  bosomboard  and  iron  the 
front  of  the  shirts.  The  bosoms  and  cuffs  of 
shirts,  indeed  of  all  nice,  fine  work,  will  look 
clearer  and  better  if  they  are  first  ironed  under 
a  piece  of  thin  old  muslin.  It  takes  off  the 
first  heat  of  the  iron  and  removes  any  lumps  of 
starch. 


Banger  from  Lubricating  Oils.— From  a 
paper  read  by  Prof.  John  T.  Ordway,  at  a  recent 
meeting  of  the  T»Jew  England  Cotton  Manufac- 
turers Association,  it  appears  that  many  of  the 
oils  used  for  lubricating  machinery  may  be 
classed  as  dangerous,  because  when  heated  to  a 
sufficient  degree  they  throw  off  an  inflammable 
vapor.  In  this  respect  it  is  claimed  that  some 
of  the  animal  and  vegetable  oils  are  even  more 
hazardous  than  those  which  are  partially  mixed 
with  earth  oils,  and  that  the  higher  price  of  an 
oil  is  by  no  means  a  guarantee  of  safety.  An 
account  was  given  of  a  fire  last  summer  in  the 
Bates  Mills,  Lewistown,  Me.,  at  which  the 
flames,  on  reaching  the  weaving  room,  shot 
across  it  in  all  directions  on  a  level  of  about  five 
feet  from  the  floor,  and  with  sufficient  heat  to 
melt  the  lead  connections  to  a  gas  meter  located 
on  the  same  plane  of  hight — from  which  the 
gas  had  been  fortunately  shut  off — while  a 
towel  hanging  two  feet  below  this  level  was  not 
scorched.  This  would  seem  to  show  that  there 
was  a  body  of  inflammable  vapor  hanging  in  the 
air,  cast  off  by  the  oil  used  on  the  machinery. — 
Scientific  American. 


Coating  Boilers.— Mr.  Franz  Beuttgenback 
gives  the  following  recipe  for  the  preparation  of 
a  coating  for  the  inside  surface  of  boilers  to 
prevent  the  formation  of  scale:  Gradually  dis- 
solve five  pounds  of  a  mixture  of  25  parts  of 
colophonium,  two  and  one-half  parts  of  graph- 
ite, and  two  and  one-half  parts  of  lamp  black 
in  40  pounds  of  boiling  gas  tar,  adding  about 
one  pound  of  tallow.  The  solution  is  diluted 
with  about  60%  of  the  petroleum  and 
applied  in  a  warm  state.  It  has  a  pungent 
smell  and  should  be  put  on  rapidly,  the  precau- 
tion of  using  closed  lanterns  being  necessary. 
Its  effect  is  to  cause  the  scale  to  come  off  in 
large  flakes  when  picked. 

To  Remove  Ink  from  Carpets.— When 
freshly- spilled,  ink  can  be  removed  from  car- 
pets by  wetting  in  milk.  Take  cotton  batting 
and  soak  up  all  the  ink  that  it  will  receive, 
being  careful  not  to  let  it  spread.  Then  take 
fresh  cotton  wet  in  milk,  and  sop  it  up  carefully. 
Repeat  this  operation,  changing  cotton  and  milk 
each  time.  After  most  of  the  ink  has  been 
taken  up  in  this  way,  with  fresh  cotton  and 
clean,  rub  the  spot.  Continue  until  all  disap- 
pears; then  wash  the  spot  in  clean,  warm  water 
and  a  little  soap,  rinse  in  clear  water,  and  rub 
until  nearly  dry.  For  ink  spots  on  marble, 
wood  or  paper,  apply  ammonia  clear;  just  wet- 
ting the  spot  repeatedly  till  the  ink  disappears. 

Straightening  a  Wooden  Shaft. — Mr.  D. 
A.  Ammen,  of  Snowville,  Va.,  sends  the  follow- 
ing :  A  wooden  shaft  can  be  straightened  by 
taking  hard  seasoned  wood  and  baking  it  in  a 
stove  or  oven  to  get  it  to  the  smallest  possible 
size.  Dovetail  it  into  the  swagging  side  of  the 
shaft,  at  the  crookedest  part.  I  straightened, 
perfectly,  my  bolt  shaft,  22  feet  long,  in  this 
manner,  and  have  used  it  three  years. 

Rusted  Steel  Grates.— First  the  rusted 
steel  should  be  washed  with  a  solution  of  half 
an  ounce  of  cyanide  of  potassium  in  two  ounces 
of  water.  Then  it  should  be  cleaned  by  brush- 
ing with  a  paste  made  of  half  an  ounce  of 
cyanide  of  potassium,  half  an  ounce  of  castile 
soap,  one  ounce  whiting,  and  water  sufficient  to 
form  a  paste  of  the  whole. 

The  Chinese  make  cracked  porcelain  by 
combining  steatite  with  enamel.  When  put  in 
the  oven  the  mixture  divides  so  as  to  show  a 
network,  as  it  were,  of  cracks. 


The  St.  Gotharj  Tunnel. — The  popular 
vote  on  the  Gothard  question,  which  will  proba- 
bly decide  the  fate  of  the  enterprise,  is  fixed  for 
the  second  week  in  January.  Meanwhile  the 
Federal  Council  has  passed  the  engineers' esti- 
mates for  the  seveith  year  of  construction. 
Twelve  million  three  hundred  thousand  francs 
have  to  be  spent  on  the  works  during  the  pe- 
riod in  question,  an!  it  is  calculated  that  by 
next  October  the  tumel  will  have  been  bored  to 
a  length  of  11,000  yards. 


Engineering. — We  notice  that  Col.  J.  D. 
Schuyler  has  been  jailed  from  his  chair  as  local 
editor  of  the  StocHon  Independent,  to  take  a 
position  on  thest*ff  of  State  Engineer  Hall. 
Col.  Schuyler  is  well  fitted  for  this  branch  of 
the  State's  work,  both  by  talent  and  education, 
and  we  have  hijix  trust  in  his  record  in  his  new 
field.  He  hasai  earnest  zeal  for  developing  the 
resources  of  theState,  and  we  doubt  not  this 
will  be  the  monng  impulse  in  the  important 
task  which  he  assumes. 


Cost  of  Artesian  Wells. 

The  Bulletir  extracts  the  following  from  the 
"  Prospectus  >f  the  Kern  Valley  Colony  ; " 

Of  iron  pip*,  double,  7  inches  diameter,  vari- 
ous depths  : 

First  60  feet  boing-,  at  50  cents  per  foot 825.00 

50  feet  pipe,  at$1.00  per  foot 50.00 

A  50-feet  wel  coats $75.00 

Second  50  feel  boring,  at  50  cents  per  foot 25.00 

60  feet  pipe,  *  $1.00 60.00 

A  100-feet  .veil  coata 3160.00 

Third  50  fee-  boring,  at  §1.00  per  foot . .    50.00 

60  feet  pipe,  at  $1.00 50.00 

A  150-fiet  well  coats $250.00 

Fourth  6J  feet  boring,  at  $1.50 76.00 

60  feet  jipe,  at  $1.00 50.00 

A  2O0-feet  well  costs $375.00 

Tfce  flow  varies  in  different  wells,  but  there 
are  very  few  that  will  not  irrigate  40  to  80  acres. 
The  capacity  may  be  stated  at  40  to  200  acres. 
A  flow  of  one  and.  a  half  inch  over  the  pipe  is 
estimated  to  give  6,000  gallons  per  hour,  or  sup- 
ply a  town  of  5,000  inhabitants,  using  30  gallons 
each  per  day.  The  flow  may  be  checked  or  con- 
trolled, to  moisten  or  inundate. 


How  to  Smoke  a  Pipe. — A  correspondent  of 
the  New  York  Sun  gives  the  subjoined  informa- 
tion: To  those  who  are  attached  to  the  pipe, 
it  may  be  a  matter  of  interest  to  know  how 
their  last  puff  or  draft  of  smoke  may  be  as  fresh 
as  the  first.  It  is  well  known  that  smoking  in 
the  usual  manner  the  last  portion  of  the  tobacco 
becomes  damp  by  presence  of  oil  or  nicotine 
drawn  from  the  heated  tobacco  above,  which 
causes  a  sickening  and  nauseating  effect,  bitter 
to  the  taste,  unpleasant  and  unhealthy,  as  com- 
pared to  the  first  half  of  a  well-filled  pipe.  The 
following  I  have  found  to  be  effectual  in  giving 
me  a  good,  fresh  smoke  from  first  to  last:  Place 
a  small  quantity  of  tobacco  in  the  bottom  of  the 
bowl,  light  it,  and  when  well  afire,  fill  the  pipe 
and  before  each  draft  give  a  light  puff  outward 
through  the  stem,  which  causes  the  tobacco  to 
burn  upward,  all  below  being  consumed.  This 
is  a  sensible  way  of  smoking  the  time-honored 
Pipe.  - 

A  Warning  to  Amateur  Chemists. — A 
recent  fatal  explosion  of  an  oxygen  retort  in 
London,  calls  out  the  fact  that  two  other  ac- 
cidents of  the  same  nature  have  occurred  within 
a  few  years.  In  both  these  cases  binoxide  of 
manganese  was  used  as  the  source  of  the  gas, 
and  it  was  afterwards  discovered  that  the  oxide 
was  adulterated,  in  one  instance  with  soot,  in 
the  other  with  antimony  sulphide,  making  mix- 
tures as  dangerous  as  gunpowder  under  the  con- 
ditions required  in  the  manufacture  of  oxygen. 
As  this  compound  of  manganese  iB  very  fre- 
quently used  in  the  production  of  oxygen  for 
experimental  purposes,  in  the  class  room  and 
elsewhere,  it  should  always  be  tested  before- 
hand for  such  adulterations. 


Qgod   hJE^LTH- 


How  to  Make  and  Use  Beef  Tea. 

An  ordinary  glass  jar,  such  as  is  used  in  can- 
ning  fruit,  with  the  glass  cover  laid  over  the 
top,  is  very  convenient,  but  like  all  other  recep- 
tacles,  must  be  thoroughly  cleansed  and  aired 
after  using  before  using  again.  Scrnpnlous 
cleanliness  ia  very  essential.  If  in  great  h%ste 
the  juiciest  portion  of  the  beef  held  over  a  brisk 
fire  until  heated,  but  not  cooked,  and  then 
squeezed  hard  through  a  perfectly  cleansed 
lemon-squeezer,  is  an  excellent  way,  and  makes 
a  palatable  article  with  the  addition  of  a  little 
salt.  Salt  is  the  only  seasoning  usually 
allowed,  but  tho  patient's  taste  should  be  con- 
sulted, when  not  injurious.  When  the  patient 
tires  of  these  modes,  scrape  with  a  sharp  knife 
enough  lean,  juicy  beef  to  fill  a  pint  bowl,  add 
a  little  water,  cover  close  and  set  in  the  oven 
and  let  it  bake  slowly.  When  about  half  done 
remove  the  cover  and  let  it  brown  a  little,  then 
cover  again  and  let  it  cook  a  while  longer.  Bgjf* 
tea  made  after  this  last  mode  has  been  accepted 
in  cases  where  all  other  ways  have  failed. 

Never  approach  a  patient  with  a  spoon  in 
the  hand  when  about  to  give  nourishment 
Put  just  what  you  winh  taken,  and  no  more,  in 
the  daintiest  and  prettiest  teacup  in  the  house. 
Have  the  tea  of  just  the  Kght  temperature, 
and  let  the  patient  drink  it  from  the  cup  but 
remove  the  cup  from  the  room  as  soon  as  used* 
and,  we  would  add,  wash,  scald  and  put  it  in 
its  proper  place.  When  more  tea  is  needed 
take  another  and  entirely  different  cup.  This 
seem  a  little  thing,  but  the  comfort  of  the  sick 
must  depend  largely  on  little  things,  and  who 
shall  blame  them  if  sometimes  fanciful  or  un- 
reasonable ? 


Making  Pencil-Marks  Indelible. — Paper 
marks  are  made  indelible,  says  the  Papier  Zei- 
lung,  on  paper  prepared  as  follows:  Any  ordi- 
nary drawing-paper  is  slightly  warmed  and  then 
rapidly  and  carefully  laid  on  the  surface  of  a 
bath,  consisting  of  a  warmed  solution  of 
bleached  colophonium  in  alcohol  until  the  en 
tire  surface  is  moistened.  It  is  then  dried  in  a 
current  of  hot  air.  The  surface  of  the  paper 
becomes  smooth,  but  readily  takes  the  impres- 
sion of  a  lead-pencil.  In  order  to  make  the 
lead-pencil  marks  indelible,  the  paper  is  warmed 
for  a  short  time  on  a  stove.  This  method  may 
prove  valuable  for  the  preservation  of  working 
drawings  when  a  lack  of  time  will  not  permit 
the  draftsman  to  finish  them  in  ink. 


Contagion  in  Caipets. 

Sewerage  in  these  days  is  receiving  a  fair 
share  of  public  and  private  attention,  and  the 
walls  of  houses,  where  contagious  diseases  have 
been,  are  very  generally  cleaned,  whitewashed, 
or  newly  papered;  but  carpets  are  too  often 
overlooked  as  the  carriers  of  disease.  The  truth 
is  that  they,  more  than  any  article  of  furniture, 
more  even  than  the  walls  of  the  room,  gather 
and  retain  dust;  and  this  dust,  though  chiefly 
inorganic  and  comparatively  harmless,  contains 
organic  germs,  which  only  need  to  be  raised  into 
the  air  and  taken  into  the  human  economy  to 
develop  into  active  disease,  creating,  under 
favorable  circumstances,  an  epidemic.  Dust 
usually  considered  as  comparatively  harmless, 
is  a  most  fruitful  source  of  catarrh  and  con- 
sumption. The  irritation  of  the  mucous  mem- 
brane of  the  nose,  throat  and  lungs,  becoming 
chronic,  leads  to  serious  disease,  that  under- 
mines health  and  destroys  life. 

Many  women  say:  "If  it  were  not  for  the 
sweeping  of  my  carpets  I  could  get  along  with 
housekeeping  very  well."  Many  women  know 
from  experience  that  sweeping  is  one  of  the 
great  trials  of  the  housekeeper's  life,  and  that  it 
causes  much  of  "the  weakness"  among  women. 
"Fore-warned  is  to  be  fore-armed."  When  we 
see  the  need  of  change,  we  are  ready  to  accept 
the  better  methods.  What  shall  these  better 
methods  be  in  relation  to  carpets  and  disease? 

How  easy  carpets  may  convey  contagion  was 
proved  by  a  case  quoted  by  Prof.  Tyndall,  when 
he  showed  that  a  case  of  scarlatina,  which  was 
supposed  by  the  physicians  to  be  sporadic,  was 
not  so,  but  obtained  by  contagion.  He  said: 
"The  question  arose,  how  did  the  young  lady 
catch  scarlatina?  She  had  come  on  a  visit  two 
months  previously,  and  it  was  only  after  she 
had  been  a  month  in  the  house  that  she  was 
taken  ill.  The  housekeeper  at  once  cleared  up 
the  mystery.  The  young  lady,  on  her  arrival, 
had  expressed  a  wish  to  occupy  a  nice  isolated 
room.  In  this  room  six  months  previously  a 
visitor  had  been  confined  with  an  attack  of  scar- 
latina. The  room  had  been  swept  and  white- 
washed, but  the  carpets  had  been  permitted  to 
remain. " 

The  Value  of  Different  Parts  of  Meat. 
Why  is  there  so  much  difference  in  the  nutri- 
tive value  of  the  flesh  of  animals  in  different 
parts  of  the  body?  Answer— Flesh  is  composed 
of  numerous  bundles  of  minute  tubes  adhering 
together  in  a  mass.  These  tubes  are  filled  with 
the  juices  of  the  flesh.  Now  the  quality  of -the 
flesh  depends  much  on  the  juices,  while  the 
tenderness  or  toughness  depends  largely  on 
these  tubes,  and  these  vary  with  the  age  and 
condition  of  the  animal.  In  old  or  ill-fed  ani- 
mals the  tubes  are  more  than  the  juices,  and 
the  meat  is  tough.  In  youug  animals  it  is  the 
reverse.  There  is  more  nutriment  in  the  flesh 
of  animals  not  too  young  or  too  old,  and  neither 
too  fat  nor  too  lean. — Dr.  Holbrooh 


Useful,  if  not  New. 

The  following  simple  rules  for  preserving 
health  and  for  promoting  personal  comfort,  if 
not  new,  are  none  the  less  important  to  every 
one  : 

The  object  of  brushing  the  teeth  is  to  remove 
the  destructive  particles  of  food  which,  by  their 
decomposition,  generate  decay.  To  neutralize 
the  acid,  resulting  from  the  chemical  change 
which  such  particles  as  are  not  removed  under- 
go, is  the  object  of  dentifrices.  A  moder- 
ately Btiff  brush  should  be  used  after  every 
meal,  and  a  thread  of  silk  floss  or  India  rubber 
passed  through  between  the  teeth  to  remove 
particles  of  food.  Rinsing  the  mouth  in  lime 
water  neutralizes   the  acid. 

Living  and  sleeping  in  a  room  in  which  the 
sun  never  enters  is  a  slow  form  of  suicide.  A 
sun  bath  is  the  most  refreshing  and  life-giving 
bath  that  can  possibly  be  taken. 

Always  keep  the  feet  warm,  and  thus  avoid 
cold.  To  this  end,  faever  sit  in  damp  shoes  or 
wear  foot  coverings  fitting  and  pressing  clospJy. 

The  best  time  to  eat  fruit  is  half  an  hour  be- 
fore breakfast. 

A  full  bath  should  not  be  taken  less  than 
three  hours  after  a  meal.  Never  drink  cold 
water  before  bathing.  Do  not  take  a  cold  bath 
when  tired. 

Keep  a  box  of  powdered  starch  on  the  wash- 
stand  ;  and  after  washing,  rub  a  pinch  over  the 
hands.     It  will  prevent  chapping. 

If  feeling  cold  before  going  to  bed,  exercise  ; 
do  not  roast  over  a  fire. 


Starvation  ik  tucWurseey. — In  an  article 
headed  "Starvation  in  the  Nursery,"  the  Lon- 
don Lancet  calls  attention  to  what  it  says  is  a 
fact  established  by  daily  experience — that  large 
numbers  of  persona  occupying  decent  positions 
in  society  systematically  starve  their  children, 
in  respect  of  that  article  of  food  which  is  the 
most  essential  to  their  nutrition.  Even  to  very 
young  and  fast-growing  children  they  give 
cocoa  with  water,  and  not  always  a  suspicion  of 
milk  ;  corn-flour  with  water  just  clouded  with 
milk ;  tea,  oatmeal,  baked  flour,  all  sorts  of 
materials,  indeed,  as  vehicles  of  milk,  but  bo 
very  lightly  laden  with  it  that  the  term  is  a 
sham.  The  consequence  of  this  misplaced 
economy  is,  that  there  are  thousands  of  house- 
holds in  which  the  children  are  pale,  slight,  un- 
wholesome-looking, and,  as  their  parents  say  in 
something  like  a  tone  of  remonstrance  "always 
delicate."  Ignorance,  no  doul't,  is  often  the 
cause.  The  parents  do  not  know  that,  suppos- 
sin«  there  were  no  other  reason,  their  wisest 
economy  is  to  let  their  growing  young  ones  have! 
their  unstinted  fill  of  milk,  even  though  the 
dairyman's  bill  should  come  to  nearly  as  much 
as  the  wine  merchant's  in  the  course  of  the 
week.  But  in  many,  the  medical  paper  is  of 
opinion,  the  stint  is  a  simple  meannes3,  a  pitiful 
economy  in  respect  of  that  which,  it  is  supposed, 
will  not  be  open  to  the  criticism  of  observant 
friends. 

Nuts. — Are  nuts  wholesome  ?  Nuts  are  very 
rich  food,  containing  much  oil,  in  such  a  state 
that  it  is  not  easily  acted  on  by  the  gastric 
juice  unless  minutely  divided  before  being 
passed  to  the  stomach.  Thoroughly  chewed, 
however,. they  are  wholesome  for  persons  with 
good  stomachs.  Children  may  eat  nuts  freely 
to  advantage,  but  care  should  be  taken  to 
choose  fresh  ones.  Stale,  old,  overdned  nuts 
are  very  indigestible  and  injurious. 

Keep  Active.— Never  sit  down  and  brood 
over  trouble  of  any  kind.  If  you  are  vexed 
with  yourself  or  the  world,  this  is  no  way  to 
obtain  satisfaction.  Find  yourself  employment 
that  will  keep  your  mind  active,  and,  depena 
upon  it,  this  will  force  out  unwelcome  tbougnw, 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[January  4,  1879. 


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SAN   FRANCISCO: 
Saturday  Morning,   Jan.  4,  1878. 

TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 

GENERAL  EDITORIALS.  —  A  Practical  Traction 
Kng ine;  The  Bodie  Claims,  1.  The  Week;  Arizona;  The 
Metallurgy  of  Mercury  in  California;  Automatic  Rotary 
Oas  Mixer,  8.  A  Kingdom  for  a  Fro~»;  The  Great 
Gray  Owl;  Is  there  an  Active  Volcano  in  the  Moon  fig. 
Patents  and  Inventions;  Notices  of  Recent  Patents,  12. 

ILLUSTRATIONS.— An  Improved  Road  Locomotive 
or  Traction  Engine,  1.  Harlan's  Buzzard,  6.  Great 
Gray  Owl;  A  Volcano  in  the  Moon,  9. 

MINING  STOCK  MARKET.— Sales  at  the  San 
Francisco,  California  and  Pacific  Stock  Boards,  NoticeB 
of  Assessments,  Meetings  and  Dividends,  4. 

MINING  SUMMARY  from  the  various  counties  of 
California,  Nevada,  Arizona,  Colorado,  Idaho,  Montana, 
New  Mexico,  Oregon  and  Utah,  5. 

OUR  CABINET.— Garnet,  9. 

NEWS  IN  BRIEF  on  page  12  and  other  pages. 

CORRESPONDENCE.  —  Scenes  in  the  High  Sierra 
Back  of  Yosemite — Continued,  2. 

MECHANICAL  PROGRESS.— Iron  in  Car  Con- 
struction; Testing  Boiler  Iron;  What  is  Steel? Machine 
for  Measuring  Superficial  Area;  Improvement  in  Solder- 
ing Irons;  Correction.  3. 

SCIENTIFIC!  PROGRESS— Experimental  Deter- 
mination of  the  Velocity  of  Light;  Cast  Manganese; 
Vegetable  Albanisui;  Barcenite— A  New  Antimonate; 
Disease  of  Chestnut  Trees;  Heat-Conducting  Power  of 
Rocks;  A  Quartz  Thermometer,  3. 

THE  ENGINEER— The  Effect  of  Brakes  on  Rail- 
way Trains;  Improvements  on  the  Kanawha;  Improve- 
ment In  our  Ship-Building  Industry,  6.  Bridging  the 
Boephoru3;  The  Gibraltar  Tunnel;  The  St.  Gothard  Tun- 
nel; Engineering,  7. 

USEFUL  INFORMATION.— How  to  do  up  Shirt 
Bosoms;  Danger  from  Lubrieating  Oils;  How  to  Smoke  a 
Pipe;  A  Warning  to  Amateur  Chemists;  Making  Pencil- 
Marks  Indelible;  Coating  Boilers;  To  Remove  Ink  from 
CarpetB;  Straightening  a  Wooden  Shaft;  Rusted  Steel 
Orates,  8. 

GOOD  HEALTH.  —Contagion  in  Carpets;  The  Value 
of  Different  Parte  of  Meat;  How  to  Make  and  Use  Beef 
Tea;  Useful,  if  not  New;  Starvation  in  the  Nursery; 
Nuts;  Keep  A-Hivp  J7 

MISCELLANEOUS.  —  a  Snake  River  Debate;  Gold 
Bands,  2.  Miues  and  Works  of  Almaoen— Mo.  10;  A. 
New  Indi'yitor;  Harlan's  Buzzard,  6. 

NEW   ADVERTISEMENTS. 

jWBoswoll's  Combined  Heater,  Cooker,  Baker,  Clothes 
and  Fruit  Drier.  ^TCoin  Silver  Tableware  Given  Away, 
Kagle  Gold  and  Silver  Plating  Co.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 


The  Week. 


Resumption  of  specie  payments  is  now 
guarded  by  law.  No  great  and  exciting  catas- 
trophe occurred  on  the  day  fixed  for  resump- 
tion. Some  people  seemed  to  think  there  would 
be  a  grand  movement  of  some  kind — of  what 
kind  it  ia  hard  to  imagine.  Sherman  was  to  be 
in  New  Y<«-k  to  see  resumption  commenced, 
rumored  these  visionaries.  But  here  we  are  on 
a  foundation  of  golden  honesty,  and  people  do 
not  realize  that  anything  startling  has  occurred. 
Nor  will  they  until  a  year  or  «0  brings  unknown 
prosperity,  and  the  Btudents  of  economy  begin 
to  point  back  to  January  1st,  1879,  aa  the  be- 
ginning of  the  "golden  era."  Among  the 
events  of  the  week  is  another,  which  reflects 
more  credit  upon  the  popularizing,  anti-specula- 
l?r  policy  of  Sherman.  Gold  is  to  be  purchased 
at  Helena,  Montana,  directly  from  the  miners 
and  others  who  have  it  to  sell,  in  exchange  for 
greenbacks  at  par.  The  Department  ia  buying 
gold  on  similar  terms  at  Charlotte,  N.  C,  at 
Boise  City,  and  Denver.  The  startling  claims 
on  the  Bodie  miniug  property  will  be  referred 
to  in  another  column.  As  far  as  present  de- 
velopments go,  the  whole  affair  ahows  a  rather 
astonishing  carelessness  and  neglect  on  the  part 
of  men  who  have  boen  thought  capable  of  taking 
vtx&  of  themselves. 


Thb  recent  diacoveriea  of  rich  silver  mines 
near  Tucson  ia  oreating  excitement  among  our 
miners. 


The  Reno  Journal  reports  encouraging  news 
from  the  Mausanola  mines. 


Arizona. 

The  event  which  promises  moat  for  the  New 
Year  is  the  opening  of  Arizona  by  the  Southern 
Pacific  railroad.  The  whole  commercial  world 
will  be  enlivened  by  it ;  the  mining  industry  in 
all  its  branches  will  be  enlarged  and  strength- 
ened ;  new  problems  will  be  brought  more  forci- 
bly than  ever  before  our  people— problems  to 
teat  the  ability  of  our  engineera,  both  those  who 
bear  the  transit  and  leveling  rod,  and  those 
who  map  out  our  courses  in  legialative  halls. 

"Over-production"  is  the  cry  among  our 
manufacturers  tc-day.  The  spectacle  of  Eng- 
land, shutting  down  her  factories  and  turning 
thousands  of  employees  out  into  the  cold  of  an 
unusually  severe  winter,  is  fraught  with  inevi  - 
table  lessons.  And  we  all  know  that  we  do  not 
have  to  go  across  the  Alantic  to  be  reminded 
that  markets  are  stagnant.  In  the  heat  of  com- 
petition, and  the  clatter  of  new  labor-saving 
machines,  men  have  made  more  than  they  can 
sell.  And  now  every  eye  is  straining  to  dis- 
cover some  outlet,  be  it  ever  so  small,  through 
which  to  crowd  the  stock  from  bending  shelves 
and  overfull  warehouses.  _ 

And  not  a  few  faces  are  turned  towards  Ari- 
zona. Now  Arizona  is  not  a  gigantic  glutton, 
to  swallow  the  surplus  of  the  world.  She  is 
not  yet  developed  sufficiently  to  send  in  lengthy 
orders  to  the  merchants  and  manufacturers  of 
her  sister  States  and  Territories.  And  were 
she  so,  her  spirit  is  too  plucky  to  admit  of  long 
dependence  upon  others.  But  these  are  facts  : 
Arizona  has  vast  territory  unsettled,  and  great 
resources  undeveloped.  She  has,  moreover,  an 
energetic  population  within  her  borders,  who 
realize  the  richness  of  her  possessions,  and  have 
a  press  through  which  they  are  not  alow  in  pub- 
lishing them  abroad.  Add  to  this  a  railroad, 
pushing  up  one  of  her  richest  valleys,  and 
symptoma  of  new  wagon  roada  from  the  prin- 
cipal towns  to  join  with  it.  Then  we  have  all 
the  requisites  for  a  conaiderable  demand  upon 
outaide  marketa,  for  at  least  a  apace  of 
several  years.  Arizona  will  soon  stand 
alone.  The  few  ^lormon  ahuttles  on 
the  Colorado  Chiquito  will  in  short  time 
grow  into  a  woolen  mill.  Then  no  longer  need 
the  sheepraiaer  pay  freighta  out  on  his  wool, 
and  freights  in  again  on  his  shirts  and  stock- 
ings. Already  the  home  product  of  Hour  is 
sufficient  to  have  established  a  reputation 
among  the  camps.  It  will  not  be  a  great  while 
before  the  furnaces  in  the  mountains  will  be 
made  of  Arizona  brick;  and  who  shall  say  that 
the  mill-machinery  shall  not  be  forged  with 
Arizona  coal,  if  not  made  of  iron  mined  within 
the  Territory.  But  for  the  present,  Arizona 
must  draw  largely  from  California,  and  through 
California  from  the  East.  San  Francisoo  foun- 
dries must  do  most  of  her  iron  work;  California 
mills  must  grind  her  Hour;  and  houses  in  our 
cities  must  import  most  of  her  manufactured 
goods  of  all  classes.  This  is  how  Arizona,  with 
a  railroad,  will  make  herself  felt  in  the  commer- 
cial world. 

That  the  opening  up  of  Arizona  will  enlarge 
and  strengthen  the  mining  industry,  need  not 
be  enlarged  upon.  Arizona  is  thought  of  in  the 
outside  world  as  pre-eminently  a  mining  coun- 
try. The  fame  of  her  mines  has  gone  forth 
until  it  is  almost  forgotten  that  she  has  verdant 
valleys  for  agriculture  and  hillsides  to  support 
a  large  grazing  industry.  It  is  not  necessary  at 
this  late  hour  to  detail  the  silver  and  gold 
regions,  the  mines  of  copper,  lead,  iron,  cinna- 
bar, and  coal.  What  the  people  want  to  know 
now,  is  whether  there  will  be  food  for  the 
miners,  and  any  reasonable  supply  of  the  com- 
forts of  life.  The  Arizona  press  will  do  more 
good  by  attending  now  to  these  matters  than  by 
dwelling  on  the  mineral  resources,  which  are 
already  widely  known  and  undoubted.  Assure 
the  miner  that  he  will  not  starve,  and  he  will 
try  his  luck  despite  stories  of  desert  and  of 
hostile  Indians.  This  assurance  comes  when 
Arizona  is  vitally  connected  with  great  centers 
of  supply.  Exploration  of  little-known  dis- 
tricts may  be  now  looked  for.  New  discoveries 
will  be  reported  every  day,  as  they  have  been 
lately  almost  every  week.  And  upon  the  track 
of  discovery,  capital  may  now  follow  with  more 
confidence  than  ever  before,  bringing  all  the 
good  things  of  capital,  roads  and  smelting 
works  and  mills. 

The  growth  of  Arizona  will  bring  up  many 
important  problems  before  the  United  States. 
Immense  engineering  feats  will  be  dwelt  upon 
in  council  if  not  carried  out.  The  irrigation  of 
the  "deserts"  is  a  question  that  ia  nearer  the 
people  to-day  than  ever  before.  But  there  is 
another  question  of  more  vital  and  general  im- 
portance; it  concerns  our  relations  with  Mexico. 
Mexico  is  attracting  no  little  attention  to-day. 
The  excursion  of  Eastern  traders  shows  both 
the  fact  and  its  significance.  Mexico  has  re- 
sources, if  they  are  almost  entirely  latent,  and 
held  back  by  revolutionary  laws  and  all  then- 
attendant  evils.  It  will  profit  us  to  have  closer 
relations  with  her.  That  is  what  the  New 
Orleans  excursion  means.  It  is  now  settled 
that  our  trade  with  Mexico  cannot  grow  with- 
out an  international  railroad.  Is  this  railroad 
to  go  down  through  Texas,  New  Mexico  or 
Arizona!  We  think  the  question  is  almost 
answered  in  the  progress  of  the  Southern 
Pacific.  Our  coast  is  more  nearly  related  to 
Mexico  than  any  other  part  of  the  country. 
Every  effort  should  be  made  to  turn  the  pros- 
pective trade  into  our  channels.  So  Ariaona 
shall  prove  not  only  a  desirable  end  in  herself, 
but  a  means  to  an  end  as  well. 


The  Metallurgy  of  Mercury  in  California. 

We  acknowledge  the  receipt  from  the  author, 
M.  Georges  Rolland,  Ingenieur  au  Corps  des 
Mines,  of  an  interesting  monograph  with  the 
above  title,  reprinted  from  the  publications  of 
the  Societe  a' encouragement  pour  Vindustrie  na- 
tionale.  The  article  is  the  result  of  a  tour 
through  the  quicksilver  mines  of  California 
during  the  year  1S76.  The  author  promises 
that  he  will  shortly  treat  of  the  "Deposits  of 
Mercury  in  California,"  in  an  article  to  appear 
in  Annates  des  Mines.  He  promises  at  the  same 
time  to  publish  the  statistics  which  he  gathered 
in  his  trip,  as  to  the  phases  of  production  in 
California,  the  consumption  of  it  on  the  Pacific 
coast,  its  exportation  to  China,  to  Mexico,  etc, 
and  finally  the  fluctuations  of  the  price  of  the 
article  in  San  Francisco. 

The  author  gives  to  the  Americans  the  credit 
of  having  invented  a  great  number  of  new  ar- 
rangementa,  some  of  them  very  ingenioua.  The 
reason  of  this  is,  of  course,  as  the  author  claims, 
partly  due  to  the  great  cost  of  manual  labor, 
and  also  to  the  recent  fall  in  price  of  the  article 
itself,  which  requires  the  strictest  economy  in 
its  production.  He,  however,  very  justly  criti- 
cises the  neglect  of  the  cuatom  of  carefully  taking 
samples  and  making  aaaays  of  all  the  ores 
treated.  New  Almaden,  as  far  as  we  know,  ia 
the  only  mine  at  which  this  was  ever  attempted 
in  anything  like  a  systematic  manner,  and  here 
we  regret  to  say,  it  was  not  continued.  Al- 
though the  careful  taking  of  samples,  and  the 
making  of  assays  of  an  ore  coata  conaiderable 
care  and  money,  without  adding  to  its  richness. 
stiU  the  exact  knowledge  of  condition  of  the 
whole  metallurgical  operation  which  is  thus 
obtained,  the  control  it  gives  in  case  of  other- 
wise undiscoverable  losses  from  accident  or 
theft,  etc.,  is  certainly  worth  more  than  10 
times  its  cost.  This  is  more  particularly  so  in 
the  case  of  a  valuable  metal  like  quicksilver.  It 
is  to  be  hoped  that  our  quicksilver  metallurgists 
will  no  longer  thus  work  in  the  dark.  There 
are  maiy  interesting  and  technically  valuable 
questions  that  can  be  settled  in  no  other  way. 

In  the  article  of  which  we  speak  the  worka  of 
only  the  three  principal  mines,  are  treated  at 
any  length  :  those  of  New  Almaden,  Red- 
ington  and  Sulphur  Bank.  As  we  have  neither 
time  nor  room  for  the  whole  article,  we  can  only 
speak  of  some  of  the  principal  points. 

Retort  furnacea,  in  which  cinnabar  ia  heated 
with  lime,  are  generally  abandoned  in  California, 
and  are  only  uaed  in  the  treatment  of  mercurial 
soots.  The  intermittent  furnaces  hitherto  in 
use  in  California  are  generally  replaced  by 
continuous  furnaces  with  improved  ayatema  of 
condensation.  Continuous  and  automatic 
furnaces  have  been  invented  for  fine  ore,  thus 
enabling  the  expeditious  treatment  of  fine  ore, 
without  manufacturing  it  into  bricks. 

For  the  treatment  of  coarse  ore,  the  author 
speaks  in  the  following  terms  of  the  improved 
iron-clad  Idria  shaft  furnace  in  use  at  New 
Almaden  : 

"  The  movement  of  the  ore  and  the  gases  in 
the  furnace  in  opposite  directions,  is  a  rational 
idea.  The  gases  and  vapors  escape  at  the  top 
at  a  low  temperature.  The  roasting  and  the 
distillation  of  mercury  take  place  at  the  lower 
part.  The  furnace,  as  its  name  indicates,  is 
surrounded  by  a  metallic  casing."    *    *     *     * 

"It  may  be  affirmed  that  the  loss  in  the 
treatment  of  ores  in  this  furnace,  at  New  Alma- 
den, is  less  than  that  of  any  other  establish- 
ment in  California. " 

The  furnace  of  Livermore,  at  the  Redington 
mine,  and  that  of  Hutner  and  Scott  at  the  New 
Almaden,  are  described  in  full.  We  would  give 
the  relative  costs  of  treatment  in  the  various 
styles  of  furnaces  as  furnished  in  the  articles, 
except  that  such  could  not  be  made  the 
basis  of  any  comparison  without  a  knowledge  of 
the  richness  of  the  ores  (treated),  and  the  exact 
loss  during  the  operation. 

The  arrangements  for  condensation,  particu- 
larly [those  of  New  Almaden  and  Knox  and 
Osborne,  are  described  in  full.  The  arrange- 
ments at  New  Almaden  show  the  greatest 
amount  of  care  and  forethought  in  their  con- 
struction. There  are  first  large  brick  chambers 
to  take  the  hot  gases  and  vapors,  and  to  allow 
their  expansion  and  cooling.  They  then  pass 
into  the  iron  condensers  of  Fiedler,  cooled  by 
water  upon  the  top,  and  by  hollow  partitions 
containing  the  same  material.  Thus  cooled,  the 
vapors  pass  into  the  condensers  of  wood  and 
glass,  invented  by  Fiedler  &  Randol,  and  thence 
by  an  extensive  system  of  flues  and  chimneys, 
to  the  top  of  the  neighboring  hills. 

In  1876  the  author  states  that  the  furnacea  of 
the  Sulphur  Banks  produced  a  greater  quantity 
of  mercurial  soot  than  any  other  establish- 
ment in  California.  This  amount  was  greater 
than  1.5%  of  the.  ore  treated.  The  cause  was 
the  imperfect  drying  of  the  ore  before  roasting, 
and  the  partial  roasting.  The  soot  contained 
not  leBS  than  40%  of  mercury  on  the  average  ; 
'contained  much  sulphur,  partly  fine,  partly  in 
the  state  of  sulphide  of  mercury.  The  ore  at 
the  Sulphur  Bank,  very  much  broken,  very  wet, 
very  bituminous,  and  above  all  supersaturated 
with  sulphur,  offers,  it  is  true,  special  difficul- 
ties to  the  operations  of  drying  and  roasting, 
and  its  low  contents  hardly  justify  the  expense 
of  a  preparation  which  would  be  very  great. 

The  Aqua  Fria  smelter  has  just  turned  out 
from  Silver  Belt  ore  seven  tons  of  base  bullion, 
worth  perhaps  $5,600. 


Automatic  Rotary  Gas  Mixer. 

The  electric  light  has  so  many  chances  of  suc- 
cess, that  attention  is  being  called  to  all  plans 
that  may  aid  the  gas  companies  in  making  use 
of  their  product  for  heating  and  cooking  pur- 
poses. In  1875  an  automatic  rotary  carbureter 
was  patented  by  T.  A.  Stombs,  through  the 
Mining  and  Scientific  Press  Patent  Agency, 
which  in  this  connection  demands  Bpecial  notice 
now. 

The  machine  consists  of  a  cylinder  divided 
into  two  apartments  by  a  diaphragm  parallel  to 
the  base.  In  each  apartment  is  a  fan  wheel, 
which  turns  upon  a  shaft  passing  through  the 
axis  of  the  cylinder.  The  fans  of  the  wheels 
are  covered  with  blanket  or  other  suitable  ma- 
terial, when  the  machine  ia  to  be  used  as  a 
carbureter.  The  blanket  is  arranged  on  a  frame, 
so  as  to  pass  from  the  circumference  to  the  center, 
on  one  fan,  and  back  to  the  circumference  and 
over  the  next  fan,  and.  so  on.  When  making 
heating  gas,  no  blankets  are  necessary,  the 
bare  fans  being  sufficient.  Water,  or,  if  the 
machine  is  to  be  used  as  a  carbureter,  gasoline 
or  some  other  suitable  material,  is  put  into  the 
larger  apartment  of  the  cylinder,  which  rests 
horizontally,  and  rises  to  a  certain  hight,  regu- 
lated by  an  automatic  valve. 

The  air  is  admitted  near  the  shaft,  but  is 
conducted  by  a  pipe  up  to  a  point  above  the 
auface  of  the  liquid,  where  it  is  discharged  into 
the  cylinder.  The  wheel  revolving,  the  fans 
catch  the  air,  and  tend  to  force  it  beneath  the 
surface  of  the  liquid.  However,  the  fans  are 
slightly  inclined  on  the  shaft,  so  that  as  each 
fan  comes  around  the  edge  nearest  the  inlet 
strikes  the  liquid  first,  and  continuing  to  pass 
downward,  pinches  the  air,  and  finally  forces  it 
out  towards  the  diaphragm,  near  which  is  an 
outlet. 

The  smaller  apartment  of  the  cylinder,  on  the 
other  side  of  the  diaphragm,  contains  the  driv- 
ing wheel.  This  is  a  fan  wheel  arranged  so 
that  air  or  gas  under  pressure  will  revolve  it, 
the  gas  being  finally  forced  out  through  a  pipe 
near  the  diaphragm,  and  parallel  to  that 
through  which  the  afr  escapes  from  the  other 
apartment. 

Now  it  is  suggested  that  this  apparatus  be 
used  for  mixing  air  with  gas  that  is  to  be  em- 
ployed for  heating  or  cooking.  The  machine 
may  be  connected  with  the  gas  pipes  between 
the  meter  and  the  joint  of  consumption,  no 
changes  being  necessary  in  the  present  system 
of  delivery.  The  amount  of  air  necessary  for  a 
given  amount  of  gas  can  be  regulated  by  gov- 
erning the  relative  size,  of  the  two  apartments  in 
the  cylinder.  It  is  clamed  that  gas  taken  into  the 
driving  apartment  attvo  inches  water  pressure, 
will  run  the  machine.  As  the  gas  revolves  the 
driver,  the  fan-wheel  11  the  other  apartment 
will  suck  in  air  and  deliver  it  through  the  pipe 
parallel  to  the  gas  pipe,  The  air  and  gas  in 
correct  proportions  will  thus  proceed  in  separate 
pipes  to  the  point  of  consumption,  where  at  the 
proper  time  they  will  mix.  The  machine,  it  is 
said,  may  be  built  to  supply  any  number  of 
burners,  from  one  to  1,000,  and  at  all  times  pro- 
ducing a  mixture  containing  the  desired  pro- 
portions of  gas  and  air.     \      , 

And  now  as  to  the  economy  of  using  heating 
gas  as  a  fuel,  in  the  parlor  grate  or  in  the 
kitchen  stove.  Suppose  the  mixture  is  to  con- 
tain four  parts  of  air  to  cne  part  of  coal  gas. 
The  cost  of  1,000  cubic  feet  of  the  mixture 
would  be  as  follows: 

1,000  feet  coal  gas  at  works I $2.25 

4,000  feet  air  at  machine I, 

6,000  feet  heating  gas. I, 2.25 

1,000"        "  "     \ 45 

The  heating  gas  could,  then,  be  delivered  to 
the  consumer  at  45  cents  per  1,000  feet.  We 
will  compare  this  now  with  tht  coBt  of  coal  as  a 
fuel. 

To  keep  a  fire  in  a  grate  fcr  6  hours  in  24 
would  require  10  lbs  of  coal.  Jay  that  the  coal 
used  costs  $9.00  per  ton,  or  45  cents  per  100  lbs, 
10  lbs  would  coat  4£  cents.  The  fire  would 
cost  per  month  $1.35. 

In  using  gas  suppose  three  2-tyot  burners  were 
employed,  consuming  together '6  feet  per  hour, 
36  feet  per  6  hours,  or  1,080  f\et  per  month. 
This,  at  45  cents  per  1,000  feet,1  would  cost  4S£ 
cents  per  month.  This  shows  a  saving  in  favor 
of  gas  of  86J  cents  per  mDnth  peigrate,  or  64%. 

The  inventor  says,  that  the  gai|  can  be  used 
to  the  full  capacity  of  all  the  burners,  or,  of 
only  part  of  them.  The  consunjption  can  be 
controUed  just  as  it  is  in  the  ust  of  ordinary 
gas.  There  is  no  soot,  ashes*  dirt.  The 
combustion  is  perfect,  so  no  flues  ite  necessary, 
and  in  the  place  of  them  in  a  grate\  may  be  set 
a  bright  metal  reflector,  to  send  tfue  heat  out 
into  the  room.  In  the  ordinary  gnte  50%  of 
the  heat  goes  up  the  chimney  with   the   smoke. 

With  this  machine,  heating  gas  can,  be  made 
from  gasoline,  or  even  from  heavy  Unrefined 
coal  oil  at  a  still  less  cost.  For  instatce,  one 
ton  of  coal  worth  $10  per  ton  will  produce  10,- 
000  feet  of  gas.  The  same  amount  of  gas  may 
be  produced  by  50  gaUons  of  coal  oil,  which,  at 
16  cents  per  gallon,  would  cost  $8.  One 
thousand  feet  of  this  gas  would  cost  then  80 
cents.  One  thousand  feet  of  heating  gas  made 
from  it,  by  mixing  four  parts  of  air  with  one 
of  gas,  would  cost  16  cents  ;  10,000  feet  would 
cost  §1.60,  which  is  a  saving  of  $8.40  for  every 
ton  of  coal  used, 


January  4,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


11 


Metallurgy  and  Ores. 

Nevada    Metallurgical    Works, 

No   23   STEVENSON  STREET. 
Near  Fiml  ud  Market  Strata. 

Oreo  worked  by  any  process. 

Ores  sampled. 

AssAvrxo  in  all  its  branches. 

Analysis  of  Ores,  Minerals,  Waters,  etc. 

WnuKINr,  TESTS  MADE. 

Plans  furnished  for  the  most  suitable  process 
lor  working  Ores. 

Special  attention  paid  to  Examinations  of 
Uiixeaj  plans  and  reports  furnished. 

E.  HUHN, 

C.  A.  LTJCKHARDT, 
Mining  Engineers  and  Metallurgists 

JOHN  TAYLOR  &  CO., 

Importer*  of  and  Dealers  in 

ASSAYERS'   MATERIALS, 

CHEMICAL  APPARATUS  AND  CHEMICALS,  DRUG- 
GISTS' GLASSWARE  AND  SUNDRIES,  Etc. 

612  &  518  Washington  St.,  San  Francisco 

We  would  call  the  special  attention  of  Assflyera,  Chem 
ima.  Mil  lint,'  Companies,  Milling  Companies,  Prospectors 
etc.,  to  our  stock  oi  Clay  Crucibles,  Mufllca,  Dry  Cups 
etc.,  manufactured  by  the  Patent  Plumbago  Cruci- 
ble Co..  of  London,  England,  for  which  wa  have 
l.iL-i'n  iii;i'!i:  Sal,-  A, fnts  jo)  tin'  Hut-ifie  Coaat.  Circulars 
with  pricOfl  will  be  Bent  upon  application. 

Air o,  to  our  large  and  well  adapted  stock  of 

Assayers'  Materials  &  Chemical  Apparatus, 

Having  been  engaged  in   furnishing  these  supplies  since 
the  first  discovery  of  mines  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 

Z-:  I  lur  (•"!■  I  .11 11I  silver  Tables,  showing  the  value  per 
ounce  Troy  at  different  degrees  of  fineness,  and  valuable 
tables  for  compulation  of  assays  in  grains  and  grammes, 
will  be  sent  free  upon  application. 

JOHN    TAYLOR    &    CO. 


A.  J.  Ralston,  Pres't.  Prentiss  Sklbv,  Supt. 

H.  B.  Undkrhill,  Sec'y. 

Selby  Smelting  and  Lead  Co. 

Manufacturers  of 

Lead  Pipe,  Sheet  Lead, 

Drop,  Buck  and  Chilled  Shot,  Bar  Lead.  Pig 

Lead,  Solder,  Anti-Friction  Metal,  Lead 

Sash-weights,  Lead   Traps,    Block 

Tin,    Pipe,    Blue    Stone,   Etc., 

Office,  216  Sansome  St.,  San  Francisco 

Refiners  of    Gold    and    Silver    Bars   and    Lead    Bullion. 
Lead  and  Silver  Ores  purchased. 

Shot  Tower,  corner  First  and  Howard  streets.     Smelting 
Works,  North  Beach. 

LEOPOLD   KUH, 

(Formerly  of  the  U.  S.  Branch  Mint,  S.  F.) 

A?sayer    and    Metallurgical    Chsmist, 

No.  611  COMMERCIAL  STREET, 
(Between  Montgomery  and  Kearny,) 

San  Francisco,  Cal. 


OTTOKAR  HOFMANN, 
METALLURGIST  and  MINING  ENGINEER, 

415  Mission  St.,  bet-  First  and  Fremont  Streets, 
SAN    FRANCISCO. 
iJSTErection  of  Leaching    Works  a  Specialty. 
iETLeaching  Tests  made. 


TKOS.   PRICE'S 

Assay    Office    and    Chemical 
Laboratory, 

624  Sacramento  St.,  S.  F. 


G.  F.  Dektken.  Wm.  E.  Smith. 

PIONEER    REDUCTION   WORKS, 

No.  19  Channel  Street,   San  Francisco,  Cal 
G.  F.  DEETKEN,  MANAGER. 

Hghest  price  paid  for  GOLD,  SILVER  and  Copper  Ores. 


METALLURGICAL   WORKS, 

STRONG    &    CO.,   10  Stevenson   Street, 

ORES  SAMPLED,  TESTED,  ASSAYED. 


GUIDO      KUSTEL, 

MINING  ENGINEER  and  METALLURGIST. 

P.    O     Address:    ALAMEDA,     CAL. 


San  Lorenzo,  December  6th,  1877. 
Messrs.  Dewey  &  Co.  —  Gentlemen:  I  received  the  Let- 
ters Patent  for  my  invention  on  the  5th  inst.,  and  beg 
to  thank  you  for  the  gentlemanly  and  business-like  man 
ner  in  which  you  have  dealt  with  me  from  the  beginning 
of  my  application.  I  shall  always  feel  it  a  pleasure  to 
recommend  you  to  all  I  come  in  contact  with  who  need 
Letters  Patent.    Respectfully,  Wm.  Dale. 


Ingersoll  Rock  Drills. 


In  use  in   the    largest   and  best 
Mines  of  the  Coast. 

HAS    AUTOMATIC  FEED. 

Has  less  Repairs. 

Is  Lighter  and  more   Easily  Ad- 
justed than  any  other  Drill. 
Our  DRY  AIR  COMPRESSORS  are  the  most  Economical  Compressors  in  the  Market. 

MINERS'  HORSE-POWER. 


This  Powur  is  especially  adapted  to  working  mines,  hoist- 
ing coal  or  building  material,  etc.  It  will  do  tho  work  of  a 
Steam  Engine  with  one-tenth  the  expense.  One  Home  ca_ 
easily  hoist  over  1,00(1  pound*,  at  a  depth  of  500  feet. 

The  Power  is  mainly  built  of  wrought  irou,  and  cannot  be 
aifected  by  exposure.  The  hoisting-drum  is  thrown  out  of 
guar  by  the  lever,  while  the  load  Is  held  in  place  with  a  brake 
by  the  man  tending  bucket.  The  frame  of  the  Power  is 
bolted  to  bed- timbers,  thus  avoiding  all  frame  work.  When 
required  these  Powers  are  made  in  sections  for  packing. 


REYNOLDS,    RIX   &   CO.,  18  &  20   Fremont  St.,  San  Francisco. 


Geo!%'t'  Spxildlng. 


Solon  B.  Williams. 

flu 


JVb.    414    CIjA.y-  Street, 

$an  %vanqi§qc. 


North  Side, 

Above  Battery, 


In  consequence  of  spurious  imitations  of 

LEA    AND    PERRINS'    SAUCE, 

which  are  calculated  to  deceive  the  Public,  Lea  and  Perrins 
have  adopted  A  NEW  LABEL,  bearing  their  Signature, 
thus, 

•which  is  placed  on  every  bottle  of  WORCESTERSHIRE 
SA  UCE,  and  without  which  none  is  genuine. 

Ask  for  LEA  cV*  PERRINS'  Sauce,  and  see  Name  on  Wrapper,  Label,  Bottle  and  Stopper, 
Wholesale  and  for  Export  by  the  Proprietors,  Worcester;  Crosse  and  Blackwell,  London? 
<5rv.,  csrv. ;  and  by  Grocers  and  Oilmen  throughout  the  World, 

To  be  obtained  of  CROSS  &  CO..  San  Francisco. 


MANHATTAN  FIRE  BRICK   AND   CLAY   RETORT  WORKS, 

ADAM    WEBBER,    PROPRIETOR. 
Office— No.    633   East   15th   Street,   New    York 

CLAY  GAS  RETORTS,  (Glazed  and  TJnglazed,)  GAS  HOUSE  TILES,  FIRE  BRICK 
BLOCKS,  ETC.,  FIRE  CLAY  ANT)  SAND  ALWAYS   ON  HAND. 

ASSAY  MUFFLES  AND  FUKNACES. 

CCPOLA  BRICKS  FOR    McKENZIE  AND  OTHER  CUPOLAS. 
(Refer  to  the  San  Francisco  Gas  Light  Company  and  to  the  Pacific  Rolling  Mills.) 


THE  IMPROVED  0'HARRA 

0HL0EIDIZING  FURNACE. 

Patented  Sept.  10th,  1878. 

Now  in  Operation  at  the  Extra  Mining  Co. 's 
Works,  Copper  City,  Shasta  Co.,  Cal. 

Two  men  and  two  cords  of  wood  roast 

Forty  Tons  of  Ore  in  Twenty-four  Hours, 

Giving  a  full  chlorlnation  (100%)  at  a  cost  of  30  cents  per 
on.     Address, 

O'HAREA    &    FERGUSON, 
Furnaceville,  Shasta  Co. ,  Cal. 
Or  CHAS.  W.  CRANE,  Agent, 

Room  10,  Safe  Deposit  Building,  San  Francisco. 


Bodie  Richmond  Mining  Co. 

President,  I.  F.  MILLER.  Secretary,  O.  D.  SQUIRE. 

Incorporated  November  16th,  1878. 
Office,  Room  28,  Stevenson's  Building,  S  F. 


DEFLECTORS, 
Or   Perkins_vs.   Hoskin. 

W.  H.  PERKINS  has  for  nearly  two  years  been  threaten- 
ing orally  and  through  the  Press  to  prosecute  all  persons 
using  my  Patent  Deflecting  Nozzle,  but  for  good  reasons,  ha3 
failed  to  come  to  time.  I  want  miners  to  understand  that 
Deflectors  are  still  manufactured  and  sold,  aud  that  I  will 
defend  all  suits  and  assume  all  responsibility.  Mr.  P.  will 
confer  a  favor  if  he  will  carry  out  his  threat,  as  it  will  afford 
me  the  opportunity  I  desire  to  again  try  the  case,  and  he  can 
rest  assured  that  professional  (lodges  will  not  again  be  allowed 
to  temporarily  thwart  the  ends  of  justice. 

I  feel  confident  that  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United 
States  will  ultimately  decide  in  my  favor.  The  superiority  of 
my  invention  is  shown  by  the  means  which  Mr.  P  has  resort- 
ed to  in  tryiug  to  stop  my  sales.  Mr.  P.  has  so  degraded  him- 
self as  to  circulate  statements  which  he  knows  to  ae  false  and 
malicious.  Notwithstanding  the  great  number  of  my  De- 
flectors in  use,  I  have  heard  of  but  one  accident,  and  this  wa3 
caused  by  the  breaking  of  the  iron  lever  from  a  defect  in  the 
material  and  great  carelessness  in  use.  This  circumstance 
Mr.  P.  has  magnified  into  several  deaths  and  numerous  acci- 
dents. I  refer  to  the  following  owners  and  Managers  for 
testimonials  as  to  safety  and  efficiency.  Some  of  them  have 
used  and  discarded  Mr.  Perkins'  device  in  favor  of  my  much 
superior  one.  Messrs.  Gould,  Gold  Rim,  using  4;  Spauldiug. 
Dutch  Flat,  on  different  mines,  12;  Stone,  Gold  Run,  2; 
Morgan,  Little  York,  6.  JJisbee,  Iowa  Hill,  2;  Eriere  & 
Wheeler,  Bath,  2;  Mr.  Gillvaiy,  Forest  Hill,  4;  Atkins,  Weav- 
erville,  2.  I  could  mention  scores  of  others,  but  these  are 
sufficient. 

Mr.  Perkins'  device  is  an  infringement  on  a  patent  owned 
by  Mr.  Craig,  who  is  about  to  institute  legal  proceedings  to 
protect  hiB  rights,  Miners  are  advised  to  stand  from  under. 
A  word  to  the  wise  is  sufficient.  R.  HOSKIN, 

Manufacturer  of  Machines  for  Hydraulic  Mining.    Address, 

No.  29  Garden  Street,  San  Francisco,  or  Empire  Foundry, 

Marysvllle,  CaL 


Engraving  done  nt  ihis  office, 


JMachijiery. 


PACIFIC  MACHINERY  DEPOT. 
H.    P.    GREGORY    &    CO., 

Cor.  California  &  Market  Streets,  S.  P.  Cal 
Importers  of  aud  Dealers  in 

MACHINERY    of  all   Descriptions. 

SOLE  AGENTS  FOR  PACIFIC  COAST  FOR 

J.  A.  Fay  &  Co.'s  Woodworking  Machinery, 

Bement  &  Sons'  Machinists'  Tools, 

Blake's  Patent  Steam  Pumps, 

N.  Y.  Belting  &  Packing  Co.'s  Rubber  Goods 

Sturtevant  Blowers  and  Exhaust  Fans, 

Tanite  Co.'s  Emery  Wheels  and  Machinery 

Payne's  Vertical  Engines  and  Boilers, 

Judson's  Standard  Governors, 

Dreyfus'  Self  Oilers, 

Gould  Manufacturing  Co.'s  Hand  Pumps, 

Piatt's  Patent  Fuse  Lighters, 

Lovejoy's  Planer  Knives. 

A    FULL    LINK  OF 

Belting,   Packing,   Hose,  and  Other 
Mill  and  Mining  Supplies  on  Hand. 

ASTSend  for  Illustrated  Catalogue. 


J.  Thomson.  c.  H.  Evakb. 

THOMSON    &   EVANS, 

(Successors  to  Thomson  &Parkkr.) 

Engineers  and  Machinists. 


Steam  Pumps,  Steam  Engines,  Hoisting, 

Pumping,  Quartz  Mill,  Mining,  Saw 

Mill  Machinery,  Specialties. 

Plans  and  Specifications  for  Machinery  furnished.    Re- 
pairing promptly  attended  to. 

110  &  112  Beale  St.,  San  Francisco. 


Established  1844. 

JOSEPH    C.    TODD, 
ENGINEER 

—AND— 

MACHINIST. 

Flax,  Hemp,  Jute,  Rope,  Oakum 
and  Bagging  Machinery,  Steam  En- 
gines, Boilers,  etc.  1  also  manufac- 
ture Baxter's  New  Portable 
Engine  of  1877,  of  one  horse-pow- 
er, complete  for  $125;  can  be  seen  in 
operation  at  my  store.  Two  horse- 
power, $225;  two  and  a  half  horse- 
power, $250;  three  horse-power, 
$275.  Send  for  descriptive  circular 
aud  price. 

Address  J,  C.  TODD, 

10  Barclay  Street  N.  Y..  or  Patterson,  N.  J 


BERRYfcPEACE 

— -  'S  AN  TR  ANC IS  C  0,  C  A  L .  — '- 


CIRCULARS  .SENT  FREE  TO  I 


CAUTION 

To  Hydraulic  Miners. 

The  public  generally  and  Hydraulic  Miners  especially 
are  hereby  notified  that  any  parties  making  or  using  the 
contrivance  known  as  the  HOSKIN  DEFLECTOR  will  he 
prosecuted  to  the  full  extent  of  the  law,  said  machine 
having  been  declared  by  the  U.  S.  Circuit  Court  an  in- 
fringement upon  my  patent,  the 

Bloomfield  Deflecting  Nozzle. 

The  public  are  also  cautioned  against  using  the  Hoskin 
Deflector  because  of  its  danger  to  life  and  limb,  this  de 
vice  having  already  occasioned  several  deaths  and  othe 
serious  accidents.  The  BLOOMFIELD  DEFLECTOR  is 
entirely  safe,  its  two  and  a  half  years  use  without  acci- 
dent, as  well  as  its  construction,  proves  it  to  he  a  reliable 
contrivance. 

Any  parties  wishing  to  purchase  the  right  to  use  these 
Deflectors  can  do  so  by  applying  to  the  undersigned, 

HENRY  C.  PERKINS, 
North  Bloomfield,  Nevada  Co.,  Cal.,  Octo- 
ber 1st,  1878. 


Superior  Wood  and  Metal  Engrav- 
ing, Electrotyping  and  Stereotyp- 
._     ing  done  at  the  office  of  the  Mining 

and  Scientific  Presb,  San  Francisco,  at  favorable  rat«a 

Send  stamp  for  our  circular  aud  Bamplea. 


Engraving.l 


12 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[Jamlarjr  4,   187^1 


News  in  Brie£ 

Taktar  agitation  in  Russia. 

Troubles  with  students  in  Russia. 

The  Oldham  cotton  operatives'  strike  is  oyer. 

Virginia  City  shows  further  signs  of  settling. 

A  question  is  being  raised  on  the  land  titles 
of  Bodie. 

Senator  Sargent's  health  is  rapidly  im- 
proving. 

There  are  6,000  unemployed  persons  in 
Geneva. 

The  recent  fatal  epidemic  has  disappeared 
from  Geneva. 

Two  flouring  mills  destroyed  by  fire  at  Black 
Rock,  near  Bulfalo,  N.  Y. 

The  final  appeal  of  the  Spanish  would-be 
regicide  is  reported  rejected. 

Greece  is  pleased  with  the  action  of  the  Porte 
in  appointing  a  frontier  Commission. 

Several  arrests  have  been  made  of  the 
Breathitt  county,  Ky.,  desperadoes. 

A  well-known  resident  of  Washington,  died 
from  the  effects  of  the  bite  of  a  man. 

E.  L.  Pierce,  of  Boston,  has  been  appointed 
Assistant  Treasurer  of  the  United  States. 

A  hotel  keeper  has  been  arrested  at  Copen- 
hagen for  threatening  to  shoot  the  King. 

The  Captain  and  officers  of  the  steamship 
Pomerania  have  been  acquitted  of  blame. 

A  German  paper  suggests  that  15,000,000 
marks  revenue  might  be  raised  on  petroleum. 

The  Blaine  Committee  of  Investigation  has 
adjourned  until  the  reassembliug    of   Congress. 

The  German  Fishery  Verein  will  hold  an  in- 
ternational exhibition  at  Berlin  in  April,  1880. 

Great  preparations  are  making  at  the  City 
of  Mexico  for  the  reception  of  the  American  ex- 
cursionists. 

A  change  of  management  is  about  to  occur  in 
the  branch  of  the  Bank  of  British  Columbia  at 
San  Francisco. 

The  people  of  Ceara,  Brazil,  are  dying  at  the 
rate  of  600  daily  of  small-pox,  and  the  distress 
is  appalling. 

It  is  stated  that  40%  of  the  Bosnians  who 
have  returned  home  will  perish  before  spring 
unless  the  weather  moderates. 

Moncasi,  who  attempted  to  kill  King 
Alfonso,  has  been  finally  condemned  to  death  by 
the  Supreme  Court  of  Justice  of  Spain. 

Seven  immense  electric  lanterns  have  been 
ordered  at  Paterson,  N.  J.,  by  the  Russian 
government,  for  use  on  men-of-war. 

Flood,  of  the  bonanza  firm,  sent  Christmas 
checks  for  $1,000  each  to  the  San  Francisco  or- 
phan asylums,  and  of  $500  each  to  the  benevo- 
lent societies. 

A  train  was  attacked  by  robbers  between 
the  City  of  Mexico  and  "Vera  Cruz,  who  killed 
the  baggage-master,  wounded  the  conductor 
and  escaped  with  &27..OO0  in  silver. 


The  Pig  Iron  Market. 

William  Jeffray,  metal  and  coal  broker,  204 
California  street,  sends  us  his  review  of  the 
year  1878,  from  which  we  extract  the  following: 
In  January,  Scotch,  soft,  was  quoted  at  $30  to 
$31,  the  highest  during  the  year.-  The  lowest 
quotations  were  in  October,  viz  :  $25  to  $26.50. 
December  quotations  were,  $26  to  $27.  English 
and  American,  white,  show  a  constant  falling 
off,  from  $28  in  January,  to  $25.50  in  October, 
November  and  December.  American,  soft,  was 
$28  to  $29,  in  January ;  in  November,  it  was 
$22  to  $26  ;  December,  $24  to  $26. 

I  find  the  stock  of  pig  iron  on  hand  January 
1st,  1879,  in  all,  14,370  tons,  as  per  statement 
given  below,  being  2,995  tons  less  than  the  stock 
on  hand  January  1st,  1878. 

Stock  of  pig  iron  on  hand  January  1st,  1878, 
17,365  tons.  Importations  of  1878 — Scotch, 
soft,  2,107  tons  ;  importations  of  1878— Ameri- 
can, soft,   7,235  tons ;  importations    of   1878 — 

American,  white,  — ;  importations  of  I87S 

— English,  white,  1,705  tons  ;  total  importations 
of  1878,  11,047  tons.     Grand  total,  28,412  tons. 

The  above  figures  show  a  decreased  consump- 
tion this  year  as  compared  with  last  of  1,521 
tins,  viz:  3,312  tons  of  soft  Scotch,  and  increase 
ol:  430  tons  of  white,  and  1,355  tons  of  Ameri- 
can soft. 

The  importations  of  187S  show  a  decrease  of 
6,425  tons  as  against  the  importations   of   1S77- 

Transmission  of  Heat  by  Steel  and  Iron 
Plates. — In  a  letter  addressed  by  Mr.  John 
Collins  to  jtfmjineermg,  that  gentleman  gives  the 
following  data  derived  from  experiments  made 
to  ascertain  the  relative  heat  conductivity  of 
iron  and  steel  plates.  The  apparatus  consisted 
of  exactly  similar  plates  of  steel  or  iron  llg 
square,  .23  in.  thick,  supported  on  glass  legs, 
heated  by  a  Bunsen  burner  consuming  equal 
quantities  of  gas,  maintained  at  2  in.  pressure 
constantly,  and  a  basis  3  in.  in  diameter  placed 
in  the  center  of  the  plate,  containing  mercury 
in  which  a  delicate  thermometer  was  immersed. 
The  temperature  of  the  mercury  was  then  raised 
from  20  C.  to  a  160°  C,  and  relative  times 
noted.  The  average  gain  in  time  of  steel  over 
iron  plates  of  equal  thickness  is  13%.  When 
the  relative  thickness  of  the  plates  as  used  in 
boiler  building  is  taken,  this  gives  an  average 
gain  of  about  20%.  In  steam  boiler  trials, 
where  boilers  are  similar  in  all  respects,  say 
thickness  and  material,  the  actual  gain  in  work- 
ing 20  clays  of  12  hours  aach  shows  actual  evap- 
orative power  of  20%  in  favor  of  steel.  In  an- 
other series  of  a  similar  nature  by  Stucken- 
tholtz,  the  results  gave  19.6%  and  20.8%  in  fa- 
vor of  steel. 


Improvement  in  Iron  Smelting. 

The  Horicon  Iron  Co.,  of  Tioonderoga,  N.  Y. 
according  to  the  Polytechnic  Revkiv,  Nov.,  1878, 
is  engaged  in  manufacturing,  by  a  modification 
of  the  Catalan  force  process,  blooms  which  are 
said  to  prove  equal  in  uniform  excellence  to  the 
Swedish  and  Norway  irons.  The  peculiarities 
of  the  process  are  chiefly  the  two  following : 
The  ore,  instead  of  being  thrown  cold  upon  the 
forge-fire,  descends  through  a  retort  or  chamber 
in  the  rear,  into  which  it  has  been  charged, 
mixed  with  charcoal  braize.  By  the  time  it 
has  reached  the  bottom  of  this  chamber,  and  is 
raked  forward  into  the  fire,  it  is  not  only  thor- 
oughly heated,  but  is  also  reduced  to  metallic 
sponge.     The  chamber  is  heated  by  the  flame- 

Eroducts  of  the  forge-fire,  and  also  by  the  com- 
ustion  of  carbonic-oxide,  generated  from  the 
forge  and  braize,  and  escaping  through  the  ports 
in  the  wall,  to  burn  in  the  surrounding  flue. 
This  arrangement  is  the  first  .peculiarity  of  the 
process.  The  second  is  the  charging  of  the  very 
fine  ore-dust  into  another  chamber  where  it  is 
pre-heated,  and  then  taken  by  a  screw-conveyor 
and  carried  through  a  hollow  journal  and  a 
small  gas-pipe  into  the  tuyere,  which  conveys  it 
intc  the  forge-fire  and  deposits  it  upon  the  sur- 
face of  the  loup.  In  this  way  a  great  loss  of 
fine  ore  is  avoided,  and  a  saving  of  fuel  is 
efiected.  There  is  still  another  peculiarity  in 
these  works,  affecting  the  subsequent  manipu- 
lation of  the  blooms.  The  loup  is  introduced 
into  a  Sweet's  furnace,  and  thoroughly  heated 
before  shingling.  In  this  way,  it  is  claimed,  a 
more  complete  removal  of  cinder,  etc.,  is  secur- 
ed. Certainly  the  blooms  and  billets  which  we 
saw  treated  exhibited  great  solidity  and  uni- 
formity under  the  hammer.  The  capacity  of 
the  four  fires  now  in  operation  is  about  four 
tons  daily — eight  loups  being  taken  out  of  each 
during  the  twenty- four  hours.  The  works  have 
been  but  a  few  days  in  operation  on  this  plan, 
but  the  experiment  promises  to  be  successful, 
and,  if  commercial  results  warrant,  the  capacity 
will  be  at  least  doubled.  The  ore  now  used  is 
the  Bessemer  magnetite  of  the  Crown  Point 
Iron  Co.  ;  but  the  Horicon  Co.  possesses  exten- 
sive deposits  of  its  own,  upon  which  it  can  fall 
back  if  necessary. 


Bullion  Shipments. 

Since  our  last  issue,  we  have  noticed  the  fol- 
owing  shipments  of  bullion  : 

Arizona. — Mineral  Park  Mill,  Mohave  coun- 
ty, $4,400.     Tiptop,  $23,000. 

California.— Bodie,  Deo.  23d,  $12,300.  Extra, 
Dec.  22d,  $1,400  ;  Dec.  25th,  $1,660.  Standard, 
Dec.  25th,  $17,750.40. 

Colorado. — The  Black  Hawk  Post  says  :  The 
bullion  shipment  from  Gilpin  county  by  the 
Union  Pacific  express  company,  for  the  month 
of  November,  is  as  follows  :  From  Hill's  smelt- 
ing works,  gold,  $90,000 ;  from  th«  mills,  gold, 
$105,700,  and  silver,  $103,800. 

Idaho.— Silver  City,  Dec.  15th,  $9,830.27. 

Nevada.— Alexander,  Dec.  24th,  $9,556.02; 
California,  Dec.  28th,  $121,335.40;  total  to 
date,  $638,806.72.  Eureka— Sentinel,  of  Dec. 
25th,  reports  a  shipment  of  $1,311.98.  Hill- 
side, Dec.  31st,  $5,219.00.  Jefferson,  Dec.  23d, 
$2,169.87.  Leopard,  Dec.  29tn,  $8,300.  Man- 
hattan, Dec.  23d,  $11,000.  Navajo,  Dec.  25th, 
$5,267.7S.  Northern  Belle,  Dec.  25th,  $2,802.- 
58.  Trojan,  Dec.  27tk,  $10,043.04;  total  this 
month,  $18,221.24.  Tybo  Con.,  Dec.  25th, 
$3  947.31 

Utah.— Christy  Con.,  Dec.  27th,  $6,093;  Ely 
Mill,  Dec.  21st,  $900;  Dec.  24th,  $1,100;  On- 
tario, Dec.  20th,  $2,568.57;  Dec.  21st,  $2,732.- 
25;  Dec.  23d,  $5,112.07;  Dec.  24th,  $2,348.83; 
Silver  Reef,  Dec.  20th,  $5,526.31;  Dec.  24th, 
$11,515.59;  Dec.  26th,  $4,399.92.  The  Miner 
gives  the  total  shipments  by  Wells,  Fargo  & 
Co.,  for  the  week  ending  Dec,  21st,  at  $22,- 
073.80. 


Tempering  Nickel. — Nickel,  like  iron,  is 
magnetic,  sufficiently  ductile  to  be  forged  and 
drawn  into  slender  wire.  Its  point  of  fusion  is 
very  high,  and  if  melted  in  a  brasque  crucible  it 
yields  a  homogeneous  regulusof  a  silvery  white- 
ness, containing  carbon.  M.  Bossingault  has 
examined  whether  nickel,  like  iron,  when 
carbureted,  is  capable  of  being  tempered  and 
acquire  elasticity,  and  whether  it  renders  steel 
less  susceptible  of  oxidation.  The  result  was 
decidedly  negative  except  that  alloys  of  iron 
and  steel,  with  large  proportions  of  nickel,  30% 
and  upward,  resist  the  oxidizing  action  of  air 
and  water. 


The  Highbridge  mill  works  up  the  ore  to  a 
trifle  over  95%  and  the  yield  per  ton  exceeds 
expectations. 

During  this  year  313  mining  claims  have 
been  recorded  in  the  Recorder's  office  of  Bodie 
district. 


H.  J.  T.  Scheel  has  taken  out  of  his  little 
gold  vein  in  Gold  Canyon,  Lyon  county,  Nev., 
23  tons  which  has   yielded$18,000. 


The  strike  in  the  Last  Chance  mine  is  one 
of  the  richest  ever  made  in  Silver  Reef  dis- 
trict. 


The  Crosscut,  in  Humbug  district,  is  develop- 
ing one  of  the  largest  and  richest  mines  in 
Yavapai  oounty. 


f 


1^  fn3 

AfENTSAND  INVENTIONS. 


List  of  U.  S.  Patents  Issued  to  Pacific 
Coast  Inventors. 

[From  Official  Reports  for  tub  Mining  and  Scientific 

Press;  DEWEY  &  CO.,  Publishers  and  U.  S. 

and  Foreign  Patent  Agents.] 

By  Special  Dispatch  from  Washington.  D.  C. 

For  the  Week  Ending  December  17th,  1878. 
Clips  for  Rope  Tramways. — Andrew  S.  Hallidie,  S.  F. 
Breech-Loading  Fire-Arms. — Julius  Bluemel,  S.  F. 
Ore  Stamps. — Stephen  Kendall,  Jackson,  Cal. 
Wagon  Jacks. — Harris  H.  Margeson,  East  Oakland,  Cal. 
Windmills. — Thomas  E.  .Martin,  San  Jose,  Cal. 
Bitters.— Trademark — Charles  R.  Barrage,  S.  F. 
Chocolate,   Broma  and  Cocoa.  —  Trademark — Domingo 
Ghirardelli,  S.  F. 


Notices  of  Recent  Patents. 

Among  the  patents  recently  obtained  through 
Dewey  &  Co.'s  Scientific  Press  American  and 
Foreign  Patent  Agency,  the  following  are  worthy 
of  special  mention: 

Dredging  and  Ditching  Machine. — Daniel 
Bridges,  Yoncolla,  Douglas  county,  Oregon. — 
Dated  Dec.  3d,  1878.  The  invention  is  an  im- 
proved dredging  and  ditching  machine,  and  the 
improvements  consist  in  a  novel  combination  of 
mechanism  by  which  the  inventor  is  enabled 
to  cut  out  and  lift  the  earth  by  the  vertical 
action  of  the  dredging  bucket;  and  in  certain 
details  of  construction,  the  machine  can  be 
made  on  a  small  scale  to  be  worked  by  hand  for 
ditching  purposes  Or  may  be  made  large  to  be 
worked  by  steam  power  for  reclamation  pur- 
poses. It  will  operate  in  any  earth  stiff  enough 
to  hold  together  without  falling  between  the 
forks  of  the  grapple.  For  softer  material  a 
plate  of  metal  is  used  instead  of  forks.  The 
device  is  intended  more  particularly  to  con- 
struct ditches  or  dikes  on  marsh  swamps,  tule  or 
tide  lands  where  there  is  little  or  no  fall  to  the 
ground,  and  where  the  marshy  character  of  the 
soil  is  such  as  to  preclude  the  use  of  horse 
power.  The  device  is  used  to  best  advantage 
on  a  scow,  being  operated  by  hand  or  steam 
power.  It  has  been  practically  and  successfully 
tested  in  Oregon  by  the  inventor. 

Spark  Arrester. — J.  H.  Bartlett,  "Wood- 
land, Yolo  county.— Dated  Dec.  10th,  1878. 
This  invention  relates  to  a  novel  apparatus  to 
be  applied  to  the  smoke  stacks  of  boilers  and 
engines,  whereby  the  inventor  is  enabled  to  ar- 
rest the  sparks  which  would  ordinarily  be 
thrown  out  by  the  force  of  the  exhaust  steam 
or  draft,  and  which  are  dangerous  when  used 
in  the  harvesting  field  or  among  stubble,  or  in 
any  place  where  there  are  combustibles  which 
are  liable  to  become  ignited.  It  consists  in  the 
employment  of  spiral  or  screw-shaped  directing 
wings  having  their  axis  placed  centrally  in  the 
stack,  and  these  wings  are  bent  over  at  the  top, 
so  as  to  form  a  sort  of  cup,  into  which  the 
sparks,  following  the  incline  of  the  screw,  will 
strike  and  be  conveyed  by  pipes  back  into  the 
smoke  box. 

Pulverizing  Barrel. — John  C.  Senderling, 
San  Francisco.— Dated  Dec.  3d,  1878.  This 
invention  relates  to  certain  improvements  in 
crushing  and  pulverizing  barrels  or  that  class  of 
apparatus  in  which  balls,  rollers,  shoes,  ham- 
mers, etc.,  are  employed  to  crush  and  pulver- 
ize rock  within  a  rotating  cylinder  or  barrel. 
It  consists  in  the  employment  of  a  iron  rotating, 
stationary  or  adjustable  shaft,  passing  through 
hollow  trunnions  of  the  barrel,  and  having  arms 
attached  for  the  purpose  of  holding  rollers  or 
shoes  in  position.  The  said  rollers  or  shoes  may 
thus  be  held  at  a  certain  point,  and  as  the  ore 
is  fed  into  the  barrel  it  passes  between  the 
rollers  or  shoes  and  the  inner  periphery  of  the 
cylinder  or  barrel.  The  pulverized  ore  will 
escape  through  perforations  or  slots  in  the  dies 
and  from  thence  through  the  enclosing  screens, 
while  any  particles  not  crushed  sufficiently  free 
will  be  returned  to  the  cylinder. 

Light  Weight  Horse  Fork. — Byron  Jack- 
son, Woodland,  Yolo  Co.,  Cal. — Dated,  Dec. 
3d,  1878.  This  invention  relates  to  certain 
improvements  in  devices,  known  as  horse  forks, 
such  as  are  employed  to  handle  headed  grain, 
and  hay  or  straw.  It  consists  in  a  novel 
construction  of  the  head  in  two  pieces,  and  a 
light  frame  work  haying  as  many  bars  as  there 
are  tines  on  the  fork,  the  two  outside  bars  being 
united  at  one  end,  and  diverging  from  each 
other  at  the  opposite  end,  to  secure  the  outside 
tines.  The  other  bars  of  the  frame  receive 
the  inner  tineB  at  one  end,  and  are  united  at 
the  other  end  to  the  outside  bars.  One 
end  of  each,  of  the  bars  of  this  frame  is  locked 
between  the  two  head  pieces,  by  the  tinea  pass- 
ing through  them.  The  tines  being  shouldered 
on  a  light  frame  brace  on  one  side,  and  a  nut 
screwed  down  on  the  other.  The  braces  are 
cast  rolled  to  a  bar  of  the  frame,  thus  bringing 
the  strain  of  each  tine  lengthways  with  each  bar 
of  the  frame.  There  is  then  no  twisting  strain 
on  any  portion  of  the  frame  or  head,  as  is  the 
case  in  the  old  methods  of  using  a  single  head 


piece  and  clamping  the  lifting  arms  to  it  by 
means  of  cast  or  wrought  iron  bands.  By  this 
construction  the  weight  is  reduced  nearly  one- 
half,  while  the  same  strength  is  retained. 

Air  Valve  Attachment  for  Sewer  Traps. 
—P.  F.  Morey,  S.  F.— Dated  November  19thy 
1878. — This  valve  is  intended  as  a  atop  to  pre- 
vent the  return  through  the  connecting  pipe  o£ 
sewers  of  noxious  vapors.  We  illustrated  and 
described  it  in  detail  in  the  Mining  and  Scien- 
tific Press  of  March  9th  last.  It  has  been  ex- 
tensively introduced  here  by  the  manufacturer, 
David  Bush,  27  New  Montgomery  street. 


Fresh  attractions  are  constantly  added  to  Wood- 
ward's Gardens,  amonir  which  is  Prof.  Gruber's  great 
educator,  the  Zoographicon.  Each  department  increases 
daily,  and  the  Pavilion  performances  are  more  popular 
than  ever.  All  new  novelties  find  a  place  at  this  wonder- 
ful resort.    Prices  remain  as  usual. 


Settlerb  and  others  wishing  good  farming  lands  for 
sure  crops,  are  referred  to  Mr.  Edward  Frisbie,  of  Ander- 
son/Shasta County,  Cal,  who  has  some  15,000  acrea  for 
sale  in  the  Upper  Sacramento  valley.  His  advertisement 
appears  from  time  to  time  in  this  paper. 


Examine  the  accelerative  endowment  plan,  as  originated 
by  the  Mutual  Benefit  Life  Insurance  Co.,  of  Newark, 
New  Jersey.  Assets,  830,633,429.94.  Lewis  C.  Grover, 
President;  L.  Spencer  Coble,  Vice-President;  Benjamin  C. 
Miller,  Treasurer;  Edward  A.  Strong,  Secretary;  Bloom- 
field  J.  Miller,  Actuary.  Send  for  circulars  to  James 
Munsell,  Jr.,  agent  of  insured,  224  Sansome  St.,  San 
Francisco. 


Artesian  Wells  Wanted.— Parties  who  are  prepared  to 
contract  for  boring  artesian  wells  are  invited  to  send 
terms  to  Edward  Frisbie,  proprietor  of  the  Reading  Ranch,. 
Anderson,  Shasta  County,  Cal. 


Model  Maker  and  Machinist.—  I.  A.   Heald,  Nu.   514 
Commercial  St.,  San  FranciBco,  (fourth  floor.) 


A  Flouring  Mill  is  wanted  at  Reading,  the  head  of 
railroad  transportation  in  Shasta  County. 

Chew  Jackson's  Best  Sweet  Navy  Tobacco 


METALS. 

[wholesale. 

Wbdnkhdav  m.,  January  2,  1878, 

Iron.— 

American  Pig,  soft,  ton,,, 23  00  @26  00 

Scotch  Pig,  ton 26  50  @26  60 

American  White  Pig,  ton 23  00  @ 

Oregon  Pig,  ton 26  50  (o> 

Refined  Bar 2J(g       3 

Horse  Shoes,  keg , 5  00  <# 

Nail  Rod ,.       — <*       7J 

Norway,  according  to  thicknesB , , 61@       7 

Copper.— 

Sheathing,  ft 34  @      36 

Sheathing,  Yellow 19  @     28 

Sheathing,  Old  Yellow —  @- 

Steel,— 

English  Cast,  ft 16  @      17 

Black  Diamond,  ordinary  fllzea Jti  •>< 

Drill 16  @      17 

Flat  Bar 16  @     IB 

Plow  Steel 8  @      12i 

Tin  Plates.— 

10i14IO  Charcoal 8»@       9 

10x14  I  C  Cote , 7  @       7J 

Banca  Tin 18  (eft—  20 

Australian ,      15j@     17 

Zinc— 

By  the  Cask 9  @ 

Zinc,  Sheet  7x3  ft.  7  to  10,  ft,  less  than  caBk . .        9j@—  10 

Nails.— 
Assorted  sizes. 2  90@3  00 


LUMBER. 


Tuesday  m.,  December  31,  1878 


CAKGO       PRICES       OF 
REDWOOD. 

Rough,  M 13  00 

Refuse BOO 

Clear 23  00 

Clear  Refuse 13  00 

Rustic 23  50 

Refuse...., 18  00 

Surfaced 20  00 

Refuse 14  00 

Flooring 20  00 

Refuse 12  00 

Beaded  Flooring 23  00 

Refuse 13  00 

Half-inch  Siding 16  00 

Refuse 14  00 

Half-inch  Surfaced 20  00 

Refuse 14  00 

Half-inoh  Battens 16  00 

Pickets.  Rough 11  00 

Rough,  Pointed 12  50 

Fancy,  Pointed 18  00 

Shingles 1  75 


PUGET      SOUND    PINE 

RETAIL  price. 

Rough,  M 18  00 

Fencing 18  00 

Flooring  and  Step 28  00 

Narrow 30  00 

2d  quality 25  00 

Laths 3  50 

Furring,  lineal  ft # 

REDWOOD. 

RETAIL  PRICE. 

Rough,  M 18  00 

Refuse , 14  00 

Pickets,  Rough 15  00 

Pointed 16  00 

Fancy 22  50 

Siding 20  50 

Surfaced  &  Long  Beaded30  00 

Flooring 30  00 

Refuse 22  50 

Half-inch  Surfaced 30  00 

Rustic,  No.  1 30  00 

Battens,  lineal  ft 

Shingles  M 2  00 


Gold,    Legal    Tenders,    Exchange,   Etc. 

[Corrected  Weekly  by  Sdtro  &  Co.] 

San  Francisco,  January  2,  3  p.  m. 


dla- 


Legal  Tenders  In  S.  F.,  11  a.  m.,  par.     Silver,  : 
Gold  In  New  York,  par. 

Gold  Barb,  890@910.    Silver  Bars.  8@22  $  cent, 
sount. 

Exchange  on  New  York,  35,  on  London  bankers,  49}@ 
49J.  Commercial,  50;  Paris,  five  francs  $  dollar;  Mexican 
dollars,  88@90. 

London  Consols,  94  7-16;  Bonds,  108J. 

Quicksilver  in  S.  F. .  by  the  flask.  &  lb,  40@41o. 


Signal  Service  Meteorological  Report. 

San  Francisco.— Week  ending  December  31, 1878. 


HIQBBMT  AND  LOWEST  BAROMRTER. 

Dec  25   Dec  20  Dec  27    Dec  28     Dec  29    Dec  30  Dec  31 


30.12 
30.00 


52 

41 


51 
41.3  1 


63.3  |      47      | 


30.24      30.13       29.91       29.95       29.79 
30.15      29.93       29.85      29.84       29.72 

MAXIMUM  AND  MINIMUM  THERMOMETER. 


E         | 


51       I      60 
40      1      44.5  J      40.5  | 
MEAN  DAILY  HUMIDITY. 
01      |      40.7  |      53. S  J 
PREVAILING  WIND. 
NE    I    NW      I     NE     I      NE     | 


WIND— MILES  TRAVELED. 

131     |    123     |      98      I     159     |     129     |     172      | 
STATE  OF  WEATHER. 

Clear.    |  Clear.  |  Clear.   |  Fair,   j  Clear.    |  Cloudy  | 

RAINFALL  IN  TWENTY-FOUR  HOURS. 
I  I  t  I  1     .04       | 

Total  miii  during  the  season,  from  July  1, 1878,  2 


29.80 
29.72 

53 
46 

75.3 

NE 

279 

Rainy 

.31 
.98  in.' 


January  4,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


13 


Jtfipipg  ajid  Other  Copipapie?. 


Persona  Interested,  in  Incorporated  shares 
will  do  well  to  recommend  the  publication 
of  the  official  notices  of  their  companies 
In  this  paper,  as  the  cheapest  appropriate 
medium  for  the  same. 


Cherokee  Flat  Blue  Gravel  Company.— 

Location   of  principal   place  of  bualneM.   8»n  Hnwicinco, 

California.      Loeatlun     of    work*   Cherokee   Flat.     UutU- 

OomriK  California. 

11  hereby  gircn  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Director*.  held  on  Bus  30Ui  ilaj  of  December,  A.  1") .  1878,  an 
aoarument  IN...  40)  of  Ore  cent*  per  share  wua  levied  upon 
the  capital  *U>c\i  of  tin-  corporation,  payable  immediately  in 
United  HtaU-*  gold  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at  the  office  of  the 
Company,  318  Pine  strvet.  Room  8,  Ban  Francisco.  California. 

Any  stock  upon  which  thin  aaftcasuieiit  shall  remain  nnnald 
00  the  28th  day  of  January,  1871*.  will  '>■-  <  1  <  ■  I  n » ■  1  m  «.  1 1 1 ,  and  ad- 
TertUed  for  aafe  at  public  auction  ;  and  uule&B  payment  is 
made  r<efom  will  Ik*  aold  on  Tuesday,  tin-  18th  ilay  of  Febru- 
ary, 1879,  to  pay  Ute  delinquent  anaesHinent,  together  with 
coat*  of  ad.iTtwing  and  cipense*  of  mile  By  order  of  the 
Board  of  Directors.  R.  N,   VAN  BKl'XT,  Secretary. 

Office.  318  Pine  Street,  Boom  6,  San  Francisco    California. 

Land   Purchaser's  Association. —Office, 

ETO.  818  M'.ntgnnury  Sin  it.    S:ui     Fnineisei-,  CalifOTDlft. 

NOTICE  -There  are  delinquent  ui>oii  tlio  following  dc- 
Kcribed  stock,  on  account  of  assesyment  (installment  No. 
4.1)  levied  on  the  5th  day  of  November,  1878,  the  several 
amounts*  set  o|i|M>(*itc  the  names  of  tho  respective  share- 
holders, as  follows: 

Names.  No,  Certificate.     No.  Shares.     Amount 

Mrs  Matilda  Stohr. 88  1  $100 

James  L  Bcyea 43  1  4  00 

VChevaUler M  1  400 

Geo  s  Dickey 98  1  4  00 

W  Q  Koch 178  1  4  00 

Asa  Fisk 2:20  1  .  4  00 

and  in  accordance  with  law,  and  an  order  of  the  Board 
Of  Directors,  nude  on  the  6th  day  ol  November,  1878,  so 
many  shares  of  each  parcel  of  said  stock  as  mny  be  neces- 
sary, will  be  sold  at  public  auctiou,  at  the  office  of  the 
Secretary,  No.  318  Montgomery  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal- 
ifornia, on  Saturday,  the  fourth  (4th)  day  of  January, 
1870,  at  the  hour  of  10  o'clock  a.  m.  of  said  day,  to  pay 
said  delinquent  assessment  thereon,  together  with  costs 
of  advertising  and  expenses  of  tho  sale. 

C.  S.  WRIGHT,  Secretary. 


Mineral  Fork  Mining  and  Smelting  Com 

puny. — Location  of  principal   place  of    business,    San 
Francisco,  California.     Location  of  works,   Big  Cotton- 
wood District,  Salt  Lake  County,  Utah  Territory. 
NOTICE.— There  arc  delinquent  upon  the  following  de- 
scribed stock  on  account  of  assessment  (No.    1)  levied  on 
tho  31st  day  of  October,   1878,    the  several  amounts  set 
opposite  the   names  of  the  respective    shareholders,  as 
follows: 

Niiiues.  No.  Certificate.  No.  Shares.  Amount. 

OAreskog I5ti  50             $    100 

G  Arcskog 157  50  100 

W  H  Atwood 185  100  2  00 

W  1!  Atwood 186  100  2  00 

W  H  Atwood 187  100  2  00 

WH  Atwood 188  100  2  00 

W  II  Atwood 1S9  100  2  00 

Wm  Atwood 190  100  2  00 

Wm  Atwood 191  100  2  00 

Wm  Atwood 192  100  2  00 

Wm  Atwood 193  100  2  00 

Wm  Atwood 194  100  2  00 

G  Bearson 105  100  2  00 

G  Bearson 115  100  2  00 

G  Bearson 116  100  2  00 

G  Bearson 117  100  2  00 

G  Bearson 11%  100  2  00 

G  Bearson 119  100  2  00 

0  Bearson 136  66  1  32 

H  L  A  Culmcr 295  50  1  oO 

II  L  A  Culraer 296  50  1  00 

HLACulmer 297  100  2  00 

H  L  A  Culmer 298  100  2  00 

H  LA  Culmer 299  100  2  00 

Wm  H  Culmer 378  10  20 

Wm  H  Culmer 379  60  1  00 

Wm  H  Culmer    380  50  1  00 

Chs  G  Denicke 434  50  1  00 

ChsG  Denicke 435  50  1  00 

Chs  G  Denicke 436  50  1  00 

Chs  G  Denicke 437  50  1  00 

ASEaston 4  75  150 

AS  Easton 365  350  7  00 

EE  Elliott 195  100  2  00 

E  E  Elliott 196  100  2  00 

EE  Elliott 197  100  2  00 

EE  Elliott 198  100  2  00 

E  E  Elliott 201  17  34 

EE  Elliott 271  25  50 

EE  Elliott 272  25  50 

EE  Elliott 274  10  20 

EE  Elliott 275  10  20 

E  E  Elliott 217  50  1  00 

EE  Elliott 218  50  100 

EE  Elliott 220  50  100 

E  E  Elliott 222  200  4  00 

EEElliott 224  200  4  00 

EE  Elliott 225  200  4  00 

E  E  Elliott 226  200  4  00 

E  E  Elliott 228  200  4  00 

E  E  Elliott 229  200  4  00 

E  E  Elliott 230  200  4  00 

E  E  Elliott 231  200  4  00 

E  E  Elliott 233  100  2  00 

EEElliott 234  100  2  00 

EEElliott 371  50  100 

EEElliott 372  50  100 

EEElliott 373  50  100 

fi  E  Elliott 374  50  1  00 

E  E  Elliott 375  100  2  00 

E  E  Elliott 376  100  2  00 

E  E  Elliott 377  100  2  00 

E  E  Elliott,  Trustee 503  10  20 

E  E  Elliott,  Trustee 504  10  20 

E  E  Elliott,  Trustee 505  10  20 

E  E  Elliott,  Trustee 506  10  20 

EEElliott,  Trustee 507  10  20 

E  E  Elliott,  Trustee 508  10  20 

E  E  Elliott,  Trustee 509  10  20 

EEElliott,  Trustee 510  10  20 

E  E  Elliott,  Trustee 511  10  20 

EEElliott,  Trustee 513  10  20 

E  E  Elliott,  Trustee 514  10  20 

E  E  Elliott,  Trustee 515  10  20 

E  E  Elliott,  Trustee 516  10  "20 

E  E  Elliott,  Trustee 517  10  20 

E  E  Elliott,  Trustee 518  10  20 

E  E  Elliott,  Trustee 519  10  20 

E  E  Elliott,  Trustee -520  10             •  20 

E  E  Elliott,  Trustee 521  10  20 

E  E  Elliott,  Trustee 522  10  20 

E  E  Elliott,  Trustee 523  10  20 

E  E  Elliott,  Trustee 524  10  20 

E  E  Elliott,  Trustee 525  10  20 

E  E  Elliott,  Trustee 526  10  20 

E  E  Elliott,  Trustee 527  10  20 

E  E  Elliott,  Trustee 528  25  50 

E  E  Elliott,  Trustee 529  25  50 

E  E  Elliott,  Trustee 530  25                  "50 

E  E  Elliott,  Trustee 531  25  50 

E  E  Elliott,  Trustee 532  25  50 

E  E  Elliott,  Trustee 533  25  50 


Names.  No  Certificate.  No.  Shares.  Am't 

E  E  Elliott,  Trustee 634  25  60 

K  K  Klliott,  Trustee 535  25  50 

EE  Klliott,  Trustee 53d  25  60 

1.  B  Elliott,  Trustee 537  25  50 

E  F.  EHiott,  Trustee 638  60  1  00 

K  1.  Klhoti,  Trustee MO  60  1  00 

E  E  Elliott,  Trustee 540  50  1  00 

E  E  Elliott,  Trustee 541  60  1  00 

E  B  Elliott,  Trustee 642  90  100 

E  B  Elliott,  Trustee  . . .  "■<■■  60  I  00 

B  B  BUI  'it ,  Trustee 644  60  1  00 

E  E  Elliott,  Trustee MS  BO  100 

K  K  Elliott,  Trustee 546  60  1  00 

K|K  Elliott,  Trustee 547  50  1  00 

B  E  Elliott,  Trustee SIS  10  20 

WW  Klliott 208  100  2  00 

ff  W  Elliott .  SQO  100  2  00 

W  W  Elliott. . .    'Jio  100  2  00 

Frank  Poote 881  260  6  00 

HA  UTrolsltfa 668  20  40 

B  A  M  Truisith 680  20  40 

Edwin  Gardner 202  100  2  00 

Edwin  Gardner 203  100  2  00 

Edwin  Gardner 204  VM>  g  00 

Edwin  Gardner 205  100  200 

Edwin  Gardner SOS  100  2  00 

S  J  JnmuKoit 181  25  50 

S  J  .tonasson 1S2  26  50 

S  J  Jonas8on 184  67  1  34 

PeterJhonson 333  loo  200 

PeterJhonson 334  100  2  00 

PeterJhonson 886  100  2  00 

Peter  Jhonson 888  100  2  00 

Peter  Jhonson 840  100  200 

I'ctcr  Jhonsoii 842  100  2  00 

l'eter  Jhoiisuti :;.pi  50  1  00 

Peter  .llioiison 348  50  100 

l'eter  Jhonson 349  50  1  00 

Peter  Jhonson 350  60  1  00 

PeterJhonson 3M  60  100 

Peter  Jhonson 353  50  1  00 

Peter  Jbousou 351  50  1  00 

PeterJhonson 865  50  1  00 

PeterJhonson 357  50  1  00 

Peter  Jhonson 358  50  1  00 

Peter  Jhonson 359  50  1  00 

TFNystrom 247  100  2  00 

T  F  Nystrom 248  100  2  00 

T  F  Nystrom 249  50  1  00 

T  F  Nystrom 250  50  1  00 

T  F  Nvstrom. 261  33  60 

R  B  Noyes 270  300  0  00 

Samuel  Purdy 269  100  2  00 

W  C  Pease,  Trustee 607  18  36 

W  C  Pease,  Trustee 608  18  36 

G  Peterson 75  100  2  00 

G  Peterson 85  100  2  00 

G  Peterson 87  100  2  00 

G  Peterson 88  100  2  00 

G  Peterson 89  100  2  00 

G  Peterson 96  50  1  00 

G  Peterson 100  50  1  00 

G  Peterson 102  50  1  00 

William  Russell 276  10  20 

William  Russell.. 277  5  10 

William  Russell 278  5  10 

P  H  Sumner 19  5  10 

P  II  Sumner 20  70  1  40 

P  II  Sumner 180  66  1  32 

Edgar  Sheldon 291  250  6  00 

Edgar  Sheldon 292  250  5  00 

Edgar  Sheldon 293  250  5  00 

Edgar  Sheldon 294  250  5  00 

F  C  Thompson 243  50  1  00 

F  C  Thompson 244  50  1  00 

F  C  Thompson 245  33  66 

Theodore  Tangwell 328  50  100 

C  F  Winslow,  Trustee 555  500  10  00 

C  F  Winslow,  Trustee 556  277  5  54 

C  F  Winslow,  Trustee  . . . .  5G1  50  1  00 

C  F  Winslow,  Trustee  ....  562  100  2  00 

C  F  Winslow,  Trustee 563  100  2  00 

C  F  Winslow,  Trustee 564  100  2  00 

C  F  Winslow,  Trustee 565  100  2  00 

C  F  Winslow,  Trustee 566  100  2  00 

C  F  Winslow,  Trustee  ....  567  50  1  00 

C  F  Winslow,  Trustee 570  250  5  00 

C  F  Winslow,  Trustee 571  250  5  00 

C  F  Winslow 237  5150  103  00 

C  F  Winslow 301  1000  20  00 

C  F  Winslow 308  1700  34  00 

C  F  Winslow 309  1000  20  00 

C  F  Winslow 310  1000  20  00 

C  F  Winslow 311  1000  20  00 

C  F  Winslow 312  1000  20  00 

C  F  Winslow 314  250  5  00 

C  F  Winslow 318  100  2  00 

CF  Winslow 324  100  2  00 

Ronde  N  Walter 246  84  1  68 

A  Winguist 56  100  2  00 

A  Winguist 62  100  2  00 

A  Winguist 66  50  1  00 

A  Winguist 67  50  1  00 

A  Winguist 68  50  1  00 

A  Winguist 69  60  1  00 

A  Wiuguist 70  50  1  00 

William  Schade 24  50  100 

William  Schade 25  50  100 

William  Schade 53  100  2  00 

William  Schade 54  100  2  00 

William  Schade 55  100  2  00 

Otto  Metchke,  Trustee....  609  14  28 

And  in  accordance  with  law,  and  an  order  of  the  Board 
of  Directors,  made  on  the  31st  day  of  October,  1878,  so 
many  shares  of  each  parcel  of  such  stock  as  may  be  neces- 
sary, will  be  sold  at  public  auction  at  the  office  of  the 
Company,  Room  20,  Safe  Deposit  Building,  No.  328  Mont- 
gomery Street,  San  Francisco,  California,  on  Monday,  the 
thirtieth  (30th)  day  of  December,  1878,  at  the  hour  of  12 
o'clock  m.  of  such  day,  to  pay  delinquent  assessments 
thereon,  together  with  costs  of  advertising  and  expenses 
of  the  sale.  OTTO  METCHKE,  Secretary. 

Office,  Room  20,  Safe  Deposit  Building,  No.  328  Mont- 
gomery St.,  SanFrancisco,  California. 

POSTPONEMENT.— The  above  sale  has  been  postponed 
until  Thursday,  the  30th  day  of  January,  1879,  at  the 
same  hour  and  place.     By  order  of  the  Board  of  Directors. 
OTTO  METCHKE,  Secretary. 

Orion    Mining    Company.  —  Location    of 

principal  place  of  business,  San  Francisco,  California.     Lo- 
cation of  works,  Iowa  Hill,  Placer  County,  California. 
Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Directors,  held  on  the  12th  day  of  December,  1878,  an  assess- 
ment (No.  4}  of  twenty-five  cents  per  share  was  levied  upon 
the  capital  stock  of  the  corporation,  payable  immediately  in 
United  States  gold  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at  the  office  of  the 
Company,  No.  23  Sansomc-  street,  San  Francisco,  California. 
Any  stock  upon  which  this  assessment  shall  remain  unpaid 
on  the  13th  day  of  January,  1879,  will  be  delinquent,  and  ad- 
vertised for  sale  at  public  auction;  and  unless  payment  is 
made  before  will  be  sold  on  Tuesday,  fchd  28th  day  of  Janu- 
ary, 1879,  to  pay  the  delinquent  assessment,   together  with 
cost  of  advertising  and  expenses  of  sale.    By  order  of  the 
Board  of  Directors.  P.  CONKLIN,  Secretary. 

Office,  No.  28  Sansome  St.  (up-stairs)  San  Francisco,  Cal 

Summit    Mining   Company. — Location  of 

principal  place  of  business,   San    Francisco,    California. 

Location  of  works,  Mineral  Point  Mining  District,  Plumas 

County,  California. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Directors,  held  on  the  nineteenth  day  of  November,  A.  D., 
1878,  an  assessment,  (No.  6,)  of  five  cents  per  share  was 
levied  upon  the  capital  stock  of  the  corporation,  payable 
immediately  in  United  States  gold  coin,  to  tho  Secretary,  at 
the  office  of  said  Company,  318  Pine  street,  San  Francisco. 

Any  stock  upon  which  this  assessment  shall  remain  unpaid 
on  the  sixth  (6th)  day  of  January,  A.  D.,  1879,  will  be 
delinquent,  and  advertised  for  aale  at  public  auction,  and  un- 
less payment   is  made  before,  will  be  sold  [on  the  fourth 


daj  af  f  ehroary,    \    D  .  I  1 1 

ment,   together  aitl  hrertiafng  and  expenses  of 

sale.     By  onler  of   the  Board  of  Directors. 

1    W    CLARK 
Office,   Room  C.  No.  318  Pine  Street   San  Fnuii 


rum 


Barlow  J. Smith.  M.  D. 

Consulting    Physician, 

Professor  of  Phrenology  and 
Mental  Hygiene. 

Proprietor  of  the  Smithsonian  Medical  and  Phrenologlca 
Institute,  635  California  Street,  above  Kearny. 

Thin  Institute,  by  combining  medical  hygiene  with  the 
various  Water  Cure  treatments  and  the  most  powerful  Elec- 
trized Horseshoe  Magnet  in  the  world,  claims  to  cure  speed- 
ily and  permanently  all  forms  of  acute  or  chronic  oorvo- 
vital  derangements,  Brain,  Spinal  and  Heart  diseases,  St. 
Vitus  Dance,  I'ulsy,  Epilepsy  and  nil  Kheuniatie,  Liver  and 
Kidney  troubles.  Tho  institution  has  for  the  past  20  years 
made  n  Bpeolalty  of  treating  all  forms  of  weaknesses  and  dis- 
eases peculiar  to  males  and  females.  By  the  use  of  hygienic 
remedies  and  electro-niotorpathy  the  worst  forms  of  impo- 
tency  and  seminal  weakness  in  males  and  sterility  in  fe- 
males are  speedily  and  permanently  overcome.  Hygienic 
board,  with  or  without  rooms.  Terms  moderate.  Electro- 
thermal, Rosso  Turkish  and  Medicated    Baths    given   daily, 

Mrs.  Dr,  Smith  as  Matron  has  charge  Of  the  female  bath- 
ing deportment. 

Dr.  Smith  baa  practiced  Phrenology  the  past  30  years, 
and  during  the  last  20  years  has  been  constantly  using  the 
science  Connected  with  Physiognomy,  in  examining  or  diag- 
nosing disease  in  this  city,  and  claims  to  have  made  discov- 
eries in  the  SCIENCE  of  Phrenology  tliat  enables  him,  by  an 
examination  of  the  head,  even  blindfolded,  to  determine  the 
disease  to  which  the  person  is  constitutionally  subject,  or 
whether  the  disease  at  the  time  afflicting  the  person,  is  the 
result  of  accident  or  hereditary  weakness;  whether  Con- 
sumptive, Dyspeptic,  Rheumatic,  Apoplectic,  Neu- 
ralgic, LEUCOiuuUKAL.or  Sh.mina.1,.  Especially  does  the 
form  of  the  head  indicate  the  strength  of  the  uterine,  geni- 
tal or  reproductive  --y.stciu.  The  bead  in  also  an  index  of  the 
natural  strength  of  the  lungs,  heart,  stomach,  liver,  kidneys, 
spleen,  hack  or  vertebra,  and  it  determines  the  power  of  the 
system  in  warding  off  and  overcoming  disease  of  all  kinds. 

Ladies  or  gentlemen,  desirous  of  obtaining  a  thorough  and 
correct  Phrenological  examinations  with  Fowler  ami  Wells' 
harts,  will  meet  with  a  respecful  reception  at  his  consulting 
rooms.  Parties  can  depend  upon  a  reliable  delineation  of 
the  character  of  their  intimate  male  or  female  friends,  by 
presenting  a  clearly  denned  photograph. 

Phrenological  or  Physiognomical  examinations  without 
charts,  $1.60  ;  with  charts,  from  £2  to  S3. 

INVITATION  TO  INVALIDS 
And  all  persons  who  are  in  anyway  out  of  health,  who  de- 
sire to  know  the  nature  and  causes  of  their  disease,  may 
avail  themselves  of  an  examination  through  phrenology  in 
regard  to  health  free  of  charge,  between  the  hours  of  9  A.  M. 
and  8  p.  M,    Sundays  from  9  A.  m.  to  12  M. 


At  the  Old  Stand,  Market,  head  of  Front  Street,  S.  P. 


/lluuseineft 


BALDWIN'S  THEATER. 

THOMAS  MAUI'JKF. Manager 

'■    U«T«« Acting  Manager. 

G    li.  CUIPHAB Treasurer. 

Open    Every    Evening   with    the    Regular 
Company. 

Corner    Market    and     Powell     Streets.      Open    every 
evening  ami   Saturday    nialinee.     Box  office  open  daily. 


BUSH    STREET    THEATER. 

Obab,  E,  Locke Lessee  and  Manager 

CALLENDER'S    GEORGIA    MINSTRELS. 

Open  BVery  evening  and  Saturday  Matinee. 


CALIFORNIA  THEATER. 

Barton  &  Lawlor Mana^i-r, 

Barton  Hill  Acting  Manager. 

MIGHTY^DOLLAR. 

Hush  Street,  above  Kearny,  open  every  evening.  Box 
Office  open  from  9  A.  M.  to  10  1\  M.  Seats  may  be  'secured 
six  days  in  advance. 

STANDARD    THEATER. 

M.  A.  Kkxxkdv.. Sole  Lessee  and  Manager, 

RICE'S    SURPRISE    PARTY. 

Bush  Street,  above  Montgomery.  Open  every  evening. 
Seats  may  be  secured  six  days  in  advance. 


ANNUAL   MEETING. 

The  annual  meeting  of  the  stockholders  of  the  Peacock 
Mountain  Silver  Mining  Company  will  be  held  at  the  office 
of  the  Company,  No.  306  Clay  Street,  Sun  Francisco,  at 
one  o'clock  r.  si.  on  Thursday,  the  'Jth  day  of  January. 
1879,  for  the  election  of  a  Board  of  Directors  for  the 
ensuing  year,  and  the  transaction  of  such  other  business 
as  may  properly  come  before  the  meeting. 

ED.  B.  PARTRIDGE,  Secretary. 

Office,  No.  30(1  Clay  Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal, 


ANNUAL    MEETING. 

The  animal  meeting  of  the  stockholders  of  the  Califor- 
nia and.  Oregon  Land  Company,  will  be  held  on  Tuesday, 
January  14th,  187ft,  at  '1  o'clock  p.  M-,  at  the  office  of  the 
Company,  Room  6,  No.  318  Pine  street,  San  Francisco, 
for  the  election  of  a  Board  of  Trustees,  and  the  trans- 
action of  such  other  business  as  may  properly  come  before 
the  meeting.  R.  N.  VAN  BRUNT,  Acting  Sec'y. 


•Muck  Obliged,  Etc. 

Portland,  Oregon,  June  26th,  1877. 
Dewey  Bs  Co.,  Patent  Solicitors,  S.  F.— Gents:  I  am 
much  obliged  to  you  for  courtesy  shown  me,  and  am  much 
pleased  with  the  manner  in  which  you  have  done  my  bus- 
iness, and  assure  you,  will  cheerfully  recommend  you  to 
my  acquaintance  needing  such  services.  Ho]>e  to  have  a 
case  again  before  lon£,  of  my  own.  I  have  been  an  inventor 
all  my  life,  but  let  others  reap  the  benefit,  or  had  work 
stolen  from  me.  Please  have  the  extra  copies  of  my  pa 
ent,  etc.,  mailed  to  me  direct,  and  oblige 

Yours  truly,  J.  H.  W00DRDM. 


Prompt  Attention  to  Business. 

Aurora,  Nov.,  Dec.  7th,  1878. 
Messrs.  Dbwby  H  Co.,  S.  F. — Dear  Sirs:— I  acknowl- 
edge the  receipt  of  my  patent  per  express  this  morning, 
and  am  obliged  for  same.  I  do  not  know  what  to  say  to 
you  regarding  your  prompt  attention  to  busineas,  but  will 
Bay  to  my  friends  what  I  cannot  say  to  you.  Many  thanks 
is  what  you  will  get  from   Yours  truly,       C.  W.  Lane. 


1  OUR  $6,00  NEW-YEAR'S  GIFT  I 


A  $6.00  NEW-YEARS  GIFT 

OF 

COIN  SILVER  TABLEWARE 


AWAY! 

Consisting  ofan  Elegant  Extra  Cnln  Sllvoi'  PIntol  Set  of  lca»|«loilB  that  retails 
al.»operset",iuiclan  Eleaanl  Extra  Coin  Silver  Plateil  B,i<lfi--»  iiilc  that  retails  at 
SI  50  Thus  nuLkih"  both  tile  Set  or  T(>a»poonR  and  Bulter-Kuilv  a  valuable  and 
useful  New-  Yc.-ir'aWifl  that  all  should  secure  at once.  . 

The  old  established  and  reliable  Kacle  «ol<l  and  Silver  fUlllns  €o..  Cincinnati 
I  0    will  supply  this  valuable  Silver  Tableware  as  a  New-Year's  Olft.     t  Ins  eli-nnl  !>e<.  ol 

SILVER  TEASPOONS  AND  BUTTER-KNIFE 

I  E^i'S.faesW  I 

seiitcd      Iion't  m-'lect  10  send  vour  initial  or  imme  with  orders  to  he  engraved. 

Cut  out  Hie  following  premium  order  and  send  it  to  the  F.amle  (.ior.n  and  .Silver 
Pi.ativg  iv...  at  Cinfinnnri,  Cor  redemption,  mother  with  sullicient  to  pay  boxing,  pack- 
in-   nnslii'M-   or  express  diaries.    Tliiw  Silverware  i)t  lo  cost  yon  notlmiK  t'xi'i-pl 
the  packing,  posinpn,  or  express  charges  (one  dollar,,  which  you  are  required  to  send,  1 
I  and  the. Silverware  is  then 

DELIVERED    TO   YOU   FREE. 

Please  cut  out  the  following  New- Year's  tlift  Premium  Silverware  order  and  send  I 
I  same  to  Eaolk  GOLB  and  Sii.vkk  Plating  Co.,  180  Elm  Street,  Cincinnati,  O. 
KB- CUT  OUT  THIS  OK»EB.  AS  IT  IS  WORTH  jlfi-OP-  ~g« 


A'eie-l'enr's  Gift  Silverware  Premium  Onler. 

On  receipt  of  this  Order  »nd  Sl-OO,  to  pay  ponlaae,  pncKinc  or  express  charges,  we  will 
mull  VOII  FREE  one  Set  of  Extra  Coll,  Sdrer  l'lale-1  Teas,,,,,,,,,  worth  St.'A  also  one  J'.les.u, 
Iliuter-Kniff  worth  31  .M,  with  your  monogram  mural  engraved  upon  same  ,u  good  style-thus 
making  the  Elegant  Set  of  SG.IX1 

TEASPOONS    AND    BUTTEH-KNIFE 

n  free  New-Year's  Gift  to  you.    Send  for  [Silverware  at  once,  together  with  51.00,  stating  name 
in  full,  with  post-orflce,  county,  and  Slate.    Address  all  orders  to 

Eagle  Sold  A  Silver  I'lllling  Co..  180  Elm  SI.,  tineinnali,  O. 


t  the  ahove  order  and  send  for  the  Gift  at  onee,  together  with  One  Oollnr  to 

nav'uostal  and  naeHing  charges,  so  that  the  artieles  can  he  delivered  10  yon  tree  ntsM 

Address  EagU  Cold  *  Silver  Flaling  Co.,  180131m  SI-  Cincinnati,  O.  | 

I  OURteloONEW-iEAn'S  gTfT  j 


14 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[January  4,  1879. 


Ifop  apd  JVachipe  tyofe 

THOS.  PENDEKGAST.  HENRY  S.  SMITH. 

/ETNA   IRON    WORKS, 


MANUFACTURERS  OP 


IRON  CASTINGS 

and      MACHINERY 


OP  ALL  KINDS. 


Fremont  Street,  Bet.  Howard  and  Folsom, 


SAN    FRANCISCO. 

SACRAMENTO  BOILER   WORKS, 

214  &  216  BEALE  St.,  (rear  of  ^Etna  Foundry) 

J.  V.  HALL, 

PRACTICAL    BOILER    MAKER, 

Marine,  Stationary  and  Portable  Boilers,  Smoke  Stacks, 

Hydraulic  Pipe,    Oil  or  Water  Tanks,    Ore  and. 

Water  Buckets,  Gasometers,  Girders,  Bridges 

and   Iron    Ship   Building. 

ALL    KINDS    OF   SHEET    IRON    WORK. 

Repairing   promptly   attended   to    at   the 
lowest   possible    terms. 


UNION  IRON  WORKS, 

SACRAMENTO,    CAL. 
ROOT,    NBILSON    &    CO., 

MANUFACTURERS  OF 

STEAM    ENGINES,    BOILERS  AND  ALL 
Kinds  of  Machinery  for  Mining  Purposes. 

Flouring  Mills',  Saw  Mills'  and   Quartz  Mills'  Machinery 
constructed,   fitted  up  and  repaired. 

Front  Street,  Between  N  and  O  Streets, 

SACRAMENTO,     CAL. 


PHELPS 
MANUFACTURING    COMPANY, 

Manufacturers  of  all  kinds  of 

Wharf  and  Bridge  Bolts,    Railroad  Trestle 

Work.   Car  Frames  and  Bolts,  Machine 

Bolts,   Set  Screws    and   Tap  Bolts, 

Lag   or    Coach    Screws. 

ALL  STYLES   OF  FANCY  HEAD  BOLTS. 

HOT  AND    COLD   PRESSED    HEXAGONAL   AND 

SQUARE    NUTS,    WASHERS,    BOLT    ENDS, 

TURNBUCKLES,    ETC.,    ETC. 

13,  15  &  17  Drumm  St.,  near  California, 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 


Golden  State  &  Miners  Iron  Works, 

Manufacture  Iron  Castings  and  Machinery 
of  all  Kinds  at  Greatly  Reduced  Rates. 

STEVENSON'S  PATENT 

Mold-Board  AMALGAMATORS, 
Golden  State  Pressure  Blowers. 

First  St..  between  Howard  &  Folsom,  S.  F. 


Wm.  H.  Birch.  John  Arqall. 

California    Machine   Works, 
BIRCH,    ARGALL    &    CO., 

119  Beale  Street,  San  Francisco. 

^STGeneral  Mechanical  Engineers  and  Machinists. 
Steam  Engines,  Flour,  Quartz  and  Mining  Machinery. 
Sole  manufacturers  of  Brodie's  Patent  Rock  Crushers  and 
Steel-Faced  Tappits.  Steam,  Hydraulic  and  Sidewalk 
Elevators.     Repairing  promptly  attended  to. 


California    Brass    Foundry, 

No,  125  First  Street,  Opposite  Minna. 
SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 

All  kinds  of  Brass,  Composition,  Zinc,  and  Babbitt 
Metal  Castings,  Brass  Ship  Work  of  all  kinds,  Spikes 
sheathing  Nails,  Rudder  Braces,  Hinges,  Ship  and  Steam- 
boat Bells  and  Gougs  of  superior  tone.  All  kinds  of  Cocks 
and  Valves,  Hydraulic  Pipes  and  Nozzles,  and  Hcse  Coup- 
lings and  Connections  of  all  sizes  and  patterns  furnished 
with  dispatch.  US.PRICES  MODERATE  1ES 

J.  H.  WEED.  V.  1UNGWELL. 

STEAM  ENGINES  AND  BOILERS 

Of  all  sizes— from  2  to  60-Horse  power.  Also,  Quartz 
Mills,  Mining  Pumps,  Hoisting  Machinery,  Shafting,  Iron 
Tanks,  etc.    For  sale  at  the  lowest  prices  by 

J.    HENDY,  49  and  51  Fremont  Street,  S.  F. 


THOMAS  THOMPSON. 


THORNTON  THOMPSON. 


THOMPSON    BROTHERS, 

EUREKA    FOUNDRY, 

129  and  131  Beale  St.,  between  Mission  and  Howard,  S.  F 

MANUFACTURERS  OF  CASTINGS  OF  EVERY  DESCRIPTION. 


WIND  Mil  !l  One  of  the  best  made  in  this  State 
11111ns  itiiui.1  for  sale  cheap  on  easy  terms.  Ad- 
dress, W.  Tt>  care  of  Dewey  &,  Co.,  S.  F. 


GEORGE  W.  PRESCOTT. 


IRVING  M.  SCOTT. 


H.  T.  SCOTT. 


Union    Jron   Works. 

Office,  61  First  St.  |  Cor.  First  &  Mission  Sts.,  S.  F.  |  p.  0.   Box,  2128. 


BUILDERS     OF 


Steam,    Air   and    Hydraulic    Machinery. 

Home  Industry.— All  Work  Tested  and  Guaranteed. 


Vertical  Engines, 

Baby  Hoists, 

Stamps, 

Horizontal  Engines, 

Ventilating  Fans, 

Pans, 

Automatic  Cut-off  Engines, 

Rock  Breakers, 

Settlers, 

Compound  Condensing  Engines, 

Self-Feeders, 

Retorts, 

Shafting, 

Pulleys, 

Etc.,  Etc. 

TRY   OUR    MAKE,  CHEAPEST   AND    BEST    IN    USE. 
Send  for  Late  Circulars.  PRESCOTT,  SCOTT  &  CO. 


hawkhsts  &  c^3sra?K,ET_.Xj, 

MACHINE      WORKS, 
210  and  212  Beale  Street,  bet.  Howard  and  Folsom  Sts.,    -    -    San  Francisco. 

Manufacturers    of 

IMPROVED      PORTABLE 

XX  oisting:    3H  nginesf 

For   Mining  and  Other  Purposes. 

Steam  Engines  and  all  Kinds  of  Mill  and  Mining  Machinery. 


Pacific  Rolling  JVTill  Co., 

SAN    FRANCISCO,    CAL. 

MANUFACTURERS    OF 

RAILROAD  AND    MERCHANT  IRON, 

ROLLED  BEAMS,  ANGLE,  CHANNEL  AND  T  IKON,  BRIDGE  AND  MACHINE  BOLTS,  LAG  SCREWS,  NUTS 
WASHERS,  ETC.,   STEAMBOAT    SHAFTS,  CRANKS,  PISTONS,   CONNECTING    RODS,  ETC.,  ETC. 

Car  and  Locomotive  Axles  and  Frames,  and  Hammered  Iroi  of  Every  Description. 

HIGHEST    PRICE    PAID    FOR    SCRAP    IRON. 

t3"  Orders  Solicited  and  Promptly  Executed.  Office,  No.  16  PIEST  STREET. 


Fulton    Iron    Works. 

Hinckley,  Spiers  &  Hayes. 

■  (ESTABLISHED    IN    1855.) 

Works,  Fremont  and  Howard  Sts.  |  San  Francisco,  Cal.  |  Office,  No.  213  Fremont  St. 


MANUFACTURERS    OF 


Marine  Engines  and  Boilers, 

Propeller  Engines  either  High  Pressure  or  Com- 
pound Stern  or  Side  Wheel  Engines. 

Mining  Machinery. 

Hoisting  Engines  and  Works,  Cages,  Ore  Buckets,  Ore 
Cars,  Pumping  Eugines  and  Pumps,  Water  Buckets, 
Pump  Columus,  Air  Compressors,  Air  Receivers, 
Air   Pipes. 

Mill  Machinery. 

Batteries  for  Dry  < 


Engir 


Wet  Crushing;,    Amalga mating 


Pang,  Settlers,  Furnaces,  Retorts,  Concentrators,  Ore 
Feeders,  Rock  Breakers,  Furnaces  for  Reducing  Ores 
Water  Jackets,  Etc. 


Sugar  Machinery. 


Crushing  Rolls,  Clariflers,  Vacuum  Pans,  Air  Pumps, 
Concentrators,  Bag  Filters,  Charcoal  Filters,  Blow-up 
Tanks,  Coolers  and  Receiving-  Tanks. 


Miscellaneous  Machinery. 


Flour  Mill  Machinery,  Saw  Mill  Engines  and  Boilers, 
Dredging  Machinery,  Oil  Well  Retorts,  Powder  Mill  Ma- 
chinery, Water  Wheels. 


nP*i    Atld     RflilpP^  of  all  kinds,  either  for  use  on  Steamboats  and  made  in   accordance  with  the 
IICO     ttiiu     UU1ICI  O   Act  of  Congress  regulating  the  same,  or  for  use  on  land.  Water  Pipe,  Pump 
or  Air  Column,  Fish  Tanks  for  Salmon  Canneries  of  every  description. 
Boiler  repairs  promptly  attended  to  and  at  very  moderate  rates. 


PACIFIC    IRON    WORKS, 

First  and  Fremont  Streets,  between  Mission  and  Howard,  San   Francisco,  Cal., 
RANKIN,    BRAYTON    &    CO., 

Manufacturers    of 

ENGINES,  BOILERS,   MARINE   AND    STATIONARY.      PUMPING,   HOISTING,  AND    MINING   MACHINERY 

INCLUDING  BATTERIES,  AMALGAMATING  PANS  AND  SETTLERS,  CONCENTRATORS,  ORE  FEEDERS, 

CRUSHING  ROLLS  AND  ROCK  BREAKERS.    ALSO,  WATER  JACKET  SMELTING  FURNACES, 

FOR  REDUCING  LEAD,  SILVER   AND    COPPER    ORES,  QUICKSILVER    FURNACES, 

RETORTS  AND  CONDENSERS,  ROASTING  AND  CHLORIDIZING  FURNACES, 

SUGAR   MILL   MACHINERY,  WATER   WHEELS,  Etc.,  ALL   OF   THE 

LATEST  AND  MOST  IMPROVED  CONSTRUCTION. 

Agents  for  the  Allen  Engine  Governor,  Bailey  Air  Compressor,  Howell's 
Improved  White  Furnaces,  Walker's  Compound  Steam  Pumps,  Etc. 


Western  Iron  Works, 

316     and     318     Mission     Street,     San     Francisco, 
PERRY  EDWARDS,  Prop'r. 

Manufacturer  of  Wrought  Iron  Girders,  Trusses,  Prison  Cells,   Iron  Roofs,  Crest 
Railings,  Finials,  Fences,  Weathervanes,  Gratings,  Iron  Work  for  Models,  Etc. 

Nickel  Plated  Railings.        Bank  and  Store  Fittings.       Estimates  given  and  Iron  Work  furnished  lor  Buildings 


Oewey  &  Co.  {**£*}  Patent  Ag'ts, 


Drivinq  Nails  Under  Water.— Stack's  illustrated  ad- 
vertisement appears  once  a  month  in  this  paper. 


f  Corner  Beale  and  Howard  Sts., 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 

W.  H.  TAYLOR,  Pres't.  JOSEPH  MOORE,  Sup't. 

Builders  of  Steam  Machinery 

In  all  its  Branches, 

Steamboat,  Steamship,  Land 

Engines  and  Boilers, 

HIGH  PRESSURE  OR  COMPOUND. 


STEAM  VESSELS,  of  all  kinds,  huilt  complete  with 
Hulls  of  Wood,  Iron  or  Composite. 

ORDINARY  ENGINES  compounded  when  ad- 
visable. 

STEAM  LAUNCHES,  Barges  and  Steam  Tugs  con- 
structed with  reference  to  the  Trade  in  which  they  are 
to  he  employed.  Speed,  tonnage  and  draft  of  water 
guaranteed. 

STEAM  BOILERS.  Particular  attention  given  to 
the  quality  of  the  material  and  workmanship,  and  none 
but  first-class  work  produced. 

SUGAR  MILLS  AND  SUGAR-MAKING 
MACHINERY  made  after  the  most  approved  plans. 
Also,  all  Boiler  Iron  Work  connected  therewith. 

WATER  PIPE,  of  Boiler  or  Sheet  Iron,  of  any  size 
made  in  suitable  lengths  for  connecting  together,  or 
sheets  rolled,  punched,  and  packed  for  shipment  ready 
to  be  riveted  on  the  ground. 

HYDRAULIC  RIVETING.  Boiler  Work  and 
Water  Pipe  made  by  this  establishment,  riveted  by 
Hydraulic  Riveting  Machinery,  that  quality  of  work 
being  far  superior  to  hand  work. 

SHIP  "WORK.  Ship  and  Steam  Copstains,  Steam 
Winches,  Air  and  Circulating  Pumps,  made  after  the 
most  approved  plans. 

PUMPS.  Direct  Acting  Pumps,  for  Irrigation  or  City 
Water  Works  purposes,  built  with  the  celebrated  Davy 
Valve  Motion,  superior  to  any  other  Pump. 


Electric  Model  &  Machine  Works 

Inventors  and  others  can  fret  First-Class 
Work  at  Moderate  Prices. 

After  10  years  experience  with  inventions  and  other 
mechanical  work,  I  am  fully  prepared  to  execute  draw- 
ings, working-models  and  fine  machinery  of  any  descrip- 
tion to  entire  satisfaction. 

Brass  Finishing,  Pattern  Making,  Gear  Cutting,  Tele- 
graphic and  other  Electrical  Apparatus  by  competent 
workmen. 

TELEPHONES    TO    ORDER. 

F.  W.  FULLER,  415  Market  Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


Main    Street    Iron    Works, 

WM.    DEACON,    PROPRIETOR. 

Nos.  131, 133  as  135  Main  St.,  San  Francisco. 

Stationary  and  Marine  Engines, 

Shafting,  Pulleys,  and  General  Machine  Work.  Jobbing 
and  repairing  done  Promptly  and  at  Lowest  Rates. 
Screw  Propellors,  Propellor  and  Steamboat  Engines. 

SAW  MILLS  and  SAW  MILL  MACHINERY. 


5}xl2 
6x12 
7x12 
8x12 

^  U0xl4 


Au^tmi 


\3C1 


Market,  head  of  Front  Street,  San  Francisco. 


Steel  Castings. 

From  £  to  10,000  lbs.  weight,  true  to  pattern,  sound  an 
solid,  of  unequaled  strength,  toughness  and  durability- 
An  invaluable  substitute  for  forgings  or  cast-iron  requir- 
ing three-fold  strength.     Send  for  circular  and  price  iiBt  Oft 

CHESTER    STEEL     CASTINGS    CO., 


EVELINA    STREET, 


PHILADELPHIA,    PA. 


Diamond    Drill    Co. 

The  undersigned,  owners  of  LESCHOT'S  PATENT 
for  DIAMOND  POINTED  DRILLS,  now  brought  to  the 
highest  state  of  perfection,  are  prepared  to  fill  orders 
for  the  IMPROVED  PROSPECTING  AND  TUNNELING 
DRILLS,  with  or  without  power,  at  short  notice,  and 
at  reduced  prices.  Abundant  testimony  furnished  of 
the.  great  economy  and  successful  working  of  numerous 
machines  in  operation  in  the  quartz  and  gravel  mines 
on  this  coast.  Circulars  forwarded,  and  full  infor- 
mation given  upon  application. 

A.  J.  SEVERANCE  &  CO. 
Office,  No.  320  Sausome  street,  Room  10. 


San  Francisco  Cordage  Company. 

Established    1856. 

Wc  have  just  added  a  large  amount  of  new  machinery  of 
the  latcBt  and  most  improved  kind,  and  are  again  prepared 
to  fill  orders  for  Rope  of  any  special  lengths  and  sizes.  Con- 
stantly on  hand  a  large  stock  of  Manila  Rope,  all  sizes: 
Tarred  Manila  Rope;  Hay  Rope;  Whale  Line,  etc  ,  etc, 
TUBBS  &  CO., 
611  and  613  Front  Street,  San  Francisco 


January  4,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


15 


RUSSELL'S  AMALGAMATOR. 


I'.trnlci  Juno  25lh,    1674 


SAYE    ^TOTTIR,    C3-OLID 
And    Also    SAVE    YOUR    QUICKSILVER. 

Theftbovo  Wttuher and  Amalgamator  with  new  patent  Wirt  Bri.lce  Quicksilver   Boxes  attached,   can   be  worked 
ml  ..r  dry,  either  by  baud,  sieam,  borec  or  water  j>owur,  ami  i  Lpurt  and   packed.     Fur  washinir  Puln 

Earth,  O ravel,  Mill  Tailing*  or  Black  Sand,  it  is  without   iriVftL 

Has  been  Thoroughly  Tested  and  given  Complete  Satisfaction. 

Tlio  f  ntiro  Lining,  Hanging  Plutos,  liilHcs  and  Boxes  Amalgamated 

IS    GUARANTEED    TO   SAVE    THE    FINEST    OR     FLOAT    GOLD. 

Capacity,  30  to  60  tons  per  day,  according  to  size.     For  further  particulars  apply  to 

J.  MORIZIO,  Gen'l  Agt., 

Room  24,  Safe  Deposit  Building,  Corner  Montgomery  und  California  Streets,   SAN  FRANCISCO 


ELECTRIC   LIGHT. 

BRUSH    PATENT. 
The  Best,  Cheapest,  Cleanest,  and  Most  Powerful  Light  in  the  World. 

In  daily  use  at  the  Palace  Hotel  and  the  Union  Iron  "Works,  S.  P. 


\  iV»y 


For  Lighting  Mines,  Factories,  Mills,  Streets, 
Theaters,  Public  Halls,  Etc.,  It  has  no  Equal, 
either  for  Brilliancy  or  Cheapness. 

For  further  particulars,  Catalogues,  Prices,  Etc., 
apply  to 

WILLIAM    KERR, 

President  S.  P.  Telegraph  Supply  Co., 

903  Battery  St.,  San  Francisco. 


Address,  PRASER,  CHALMERS  «fc  CO.,  Clxicaeo,  111 


1  IVEXJSICA.L  BOXES 

Q_ 

£        For  Holiday,  Birthday  and  Wedding  Presents. 


00 

X 

O 


u 


IMI.       J". 


CO.. 


Manufacturers  and  Importers, 

No.  120  Sutter  St.,  San  Francisco. 


30 


EDISON'S  ELECTRIC  PEN   and  PRESS. 


I  SrS?5BW^    j 


MAKES35.000ICOPIES    FROM    ONE    WRITING. 

Requires    no    Prepared    Ink,     or    Paper,     no    Skilled     Expert    to    do     Good    Work 

From    5    to    15    Copies    per    minute   by    an    Office    Boy. 

Indispensable  to  Lawyers,  Blinkers,  Colleges  and  Schools,  Music  Dealers,  Real  Estate  Men,  and  Business   Finns 
m  every  department  of  trade. 

Costs    but    $2.50    Per    Annum    to    run    it. 


WHAT    THEY    SAT: 
"As  gw>d  as  a  full-grown  lithographic  establishment."—  Baker  &  Hamilton. 
"Indispensable  to  the  use  of  this  office."— Fireman's  Fl*.nd  Inblrance  Co. 
"Exceeds  our  most  sanguine  expectations."— Hv  Bauer  &  Co. 

"I  would  not  bo  without  it  for  five  times  its  cost."— Geo.  Lbvihton,  Attorn cval-law. 
"Very  useful  and  fully  meets  our  expectations. "— W.  T.  Coleman*  &  Co. 

"Has become  one  of  the  most  valuable  appendages  of  the  Academy."— Cal.  Military  Academy. 
"We  would  on  no  account  dispense  with  it  "— Imi-buial,  London,  Northern  and  Queen  Insurance  Co.'s. 
Call  on,  or  send  for  Circular  and  Samples  of  work  to 

E.  A  DAKIN,  Gen'l  Agent  for  Pacific  Coast,  209  Sansome  St.,  S.  F. 


Elephant    Ore    Stamp. 


We  beg  to  call  your  at- 
tention to  this  engraving 
representing  the  Elephant 
Ore  Stamp.  The  advanta- 
ges claimed  for  this  Stamp 
are  as  follows: 

C'ArAEiLiTi  eh.  — The 
"Elephant"  is  capable  of 
crushing  as  much  stuff  as 
a  12-Stamp  Battery  of  the 
present  system,  having 
crushed  as  high  as  11  tons 
of  tough  copper  ore  in  one 
hour,  through  a  No.  4 
punched  screen.  The  un- 
dersigned, however,  will 
guarantee  20  tons  per  day 
of  ordinary  quartz  through 
the  same  size  screen. 

Wear.— The  "Elephant' 
having  only  two  pairs. 
Shoe  and  Dies,  the  wear 
in  this  ins-jance  is  equal 
to  one-sixth  ofal2-Statnp 
Battery-  There  beirg  no 
Cam  Tappets,  Cam  Shafts 
or  Guides,  the  conse  ueut 
wear  on  these  parts  is 
done  away  with;  the 
leather  thoroughbrace, 


uniting  the  lever  with  the 
spring,  would  only  require 
replacing  at  most,  once  a 
year. 

Power.— The  "Ele- 
phant only  requires  a 
seven  horse-power  engine 
to  drive  it.  where  a  12- 
Stamp  Battery'  wuM  re- 
quire from  13  to  20  horse- 
power. 

Port  ability.— The  en- 
tire Battery,  including 
Mortar,  will  weigh  about 
bix  tons,  thereby  causing 
an  immense  saving  in  the 
way  of  freight  to  such 
^_  places  as  Arizona,  Mexico, 
.-'  Cariboo  and  Bodie  Afl 
no  part  of  the  Machine 
weighs  more  than  1,800 
pounds,  the  handling  of 
the  Machine  is  compara- 
tively easy,  and  in  places 
where  it  would  be  neces- 
larytopack  the  Machine 
m  mules,  it  could  be 
easily  made  in  pieces  not 
to  weigh  over  three  hun- 
dred pounds. 


The  above  engraving  shows  the  Machine  in  exactly  the  position  it  would  be  placed  in  a  mine;  the  reader  will  therefore 
see  that  all  wood  work  is  done  away  with,  and  that  once  the  Machine  is  on  the  ground  it  will  take  hut  a  few  days  to  set  it  up 
and  have  it  in  full  working  order.  The  "Eiephnut"  can  be  seen  working  every  day  from  2  to  4  p.  sr.  at  No.  342  Main  street, 
near  Harrison,  San  Francisco.    For  particulars  apply  to 

EDMUND  WHITE,  Care  of  A.  B.  Grogan,  705  Sansome  Street,  San  Francisco. 

b    .  .    ■■  ■ 

SANDERSON  BROS.  &  CO.'S 

Best  Refined.  Cast-Steel. 

Warranted  Most  Supsrior  for  Drills,  Hammers,  Etc. 

A  full  and   complete  stock  of  this  reliable  and  well-known 
brand  of  Steel,  for  mining  and  other  uses,  now  in  stock  and  for  sale 

At  No.  417  Market  St,  S.  F.,   -   H.  D.  Morris,  Agent 


D.  F.  HUT0HINGS. 


D.  51.  DUNNE. 


J.  SANDERSON 


ZPZHZCElSriEIX    OIL    WORKS, 

HUTCHINGS     &     CO., 

OIL    and    COMMISSION    MERCHANTS, 

Manufacturers  and  Dealers  in  Sperm,  Whale,  Lard,  Machinery  and  Illuminating  Oils. 
517    FRONT   STREET     SAN    FRANCISCO. 


San   Francisco   Pioneer  Screen  Works, 

J.  \V.  QUICK,  Haotfactojier, 


HI 


Several  first  premiums  received 
for  Quartz  Mill  Screens,  and  Per- 
forated Sheet  Metals  of  every 
description.  I  would  call  special 
attention  to  my  SLOT  CUT  and 
SLOT  PUNCHED  SCREENS, 
which  are  attracting  much  at- 
tention and  giving  universal 
satisfaction.  This  is  the  only 
establishment  on  the  coast  de- 
voted exclusively  to  the  manufac- 
ture of  Screens.  Mill  owners'  using  Battery  Screens  exten- 
sively can  contract  for  large  supplies  at  favorable  rates. 
Orders  solicitedand  promptly  attended  to. 

32  Fremont  Street,  San  Francisco. 


Kcstel's  Concentration  ov  Ores  (of  all  kinds),  inclu- 
ding' the  Chlorination  Process  for  Gold-bearing*  Sulphurets, 
Arseniurets,  and  Gold  and  Silver  ores  generally,  with  120 
Lithographic  Diagrams,  1867.  The  most  complete-  treat- 
ise. Published  at  this  office.  Price,  $7.60.  Postage,  50 
cents  extra 


THE    AMERICAN 

TTTBBINE 

Water  Wheels 


Ail  sizes, 

and  adapted  to 

fro!" 

3  to  500 

feet  head. 


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WORLD ! 

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and  Prices. 

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16 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS 


[January  4,   1879. 


Mining    Machinery    Depot, 

PARKE  &  LACY,  417   Market  St. 

Mr  Compressors,  JBL      Rock  Drills. 

DEANE'S  STEAM  PUMPS 


HOISTING  ENGINES, 

ALL  SIZES, 

Double  and  Single, 
With  Single   and  Double  Reels. 


Bucket  Plunger  Pump. 


Vertical  and  Horizontal. 

Steam    Plunger    Pumps, 
BUCKET    PLUNGER     PUMPS. 


FressiaTQ    Blowers. 

Compound  Steam  Pumps. 

burleigh  bock  drill,    '      Yacht  Engines. 

Does  more  work  at  Less  cost  Diamond  Anti-Friction  Metal. 

THAN  ANY  OTHER   ROCK  DRILL.  — 

PUMP 

FIRE  ENGINES,       And  AIR  COLUMN. 
Babcock  Chemical  Engines,    Hose  Carts, 

Hook  and  Ladder  Trucks,  and  Fire  Extinguishers.    ™J™™™i™- 


Champion.    Mine    Ventilator. 


BURLEIGH    AIR    COMPRESSOR 


Gives  Better  Results  than  any 
Compressor  Known. 

PUTNAM'S 

Irrigating  Pumps.       Wood-Working  Machinery. 


CENTRIFUGAL  PUMPS. 

Hand   Pumps. 

SHIP    PUMPS. 

Flexible   Shafts. 


MACHINISTS'  TOOLS. 

Lathe  Chucks. 

FARMERS'    BATTERY. 

Hill's    Exploders. 


SEND    FOR   CIRCULARS. 


DEFLEGTED    HEAT! 

Boswell's  Combined  Heater,  Cooker,  Ba- 
ker, Clothes  and  Fruit  Drier. 


Combining  the  advantages  of  a  Stove,  Furnace,  Oven, 
Dry  House  and  Kitchen  Range.  An  application  of  Scientific 
Principles  to  the  economy  of  living,  of  labor,  of  health  and 
of  comfort.  A  handsome  piece  of  Furniture  adapted  to  the 
wants  of  every  family.  It  equally  economizes  time,  labor  and 
fuel,  and  avoids  exposure  to  heat  in  cooking  as  well  as  in 
baking.  It  hakes  Bread,  Cakes  and  Pies  to  any  desired  tint 
without  turning  or  watching,  or  danger  of  burning.  All 
odors  produced  in  cooking  are  passed  up  the  flue.  Food 
cooked  by  deflected  heat  is  improved  in  flavor,  more  easily 
digested,  contains  more  nutriment,  will  keep  fresh  longer, 
and  is  also  much  improved  in  appearance.  The  stages  of  the 
cooking  or  baking  can  be  seen  without  stooping  or  opening 
the  doors  of  the  oven.  It  will  dry  and  bleach  your  clothes  in 
from  half  an  hour  to  one  hour  and  a  half,  and  heat  your  irons. 

Fruit  dried  in  the   Boswell   will  gain  from  tweniy  to 

FORTY  PER  CENT,  ifl  WEIGHT,  and  THIRTY  PER  CENT,  in 
QUALITY  over  that  dried  by  any  other  process.  It  will  suc- 
cessfully dry  any  kind  of  Fruit.  Graphs,  Berries,  Meats,  Fish, 
Vegetables,  Coffee,  Tobacco,  Corn  and  Grain  of  all  kinds. 


Boswell's  Commercial   Fruit  Drier. 

Used  exclusively  for  drying  and  heating  purposes  on  a  larue 
scale. 

—  ALSO  — 

BOSWELL'S    CABINET   HEATER, 

Of  all  sizes  and  capacity  for  heating  Private  Residences, 
'Hotels,  Halle,  School  Houses,  Churches.  Offices,  Stores, 
Railroad  Cars,  Hospitals,  etc. 

All  of  which  can  lie  operated  successfully  by  a  mere  child, 
it  is  so  simple  in  its  construction,  and  with  one-third  the 
usual  amount  of  fuel  (coal  or  wood),  ussd  in  any  other  heat- 
ing, cookiug  or  drying  apparatus. 

Every  farmer  and  economical  housekeeper  should  use  it. 
It  will  pay  for  itself  in  the  saving  of  fuel;  it  will  pay  in  the 
superior  character  of  its  fruit  drying,  of  its  cooking, 
roasting  and  baking;  it  will  pay  in  its  salubrious  and 
healthful  warm  air;  it  will  pay  the  rich  and  the  poor  alike. 

Address,  for  Price  List  and  descriptive  illustrated  circulars, 

Boswell  Pure  Air  Heater  Co., 

No.  60C  Montgomery  Street,  San  Francisco,  California. 
S.  R.  LIPPINCOTT,  Secretary. 

EUGENE  L.  SULLIVAN,  Pres't. 


Pocket  Map  of  California  and  Nevada. 

Compiled  from  the  latest  authentic  sources,  by  Clias 
Drayton  Gibbs,  C.  E.  This  map  comprises  information 
obtained  from  the  U.  S.  Coast  and  Land,  Whitney's  State 
Geological,  and  Railroad  Surveys;  and  from  the  results  of 
explorations  made  by  R.  S.  Williamson,  U.  S.  A.,  Henry 
Degroot,  C.  D.  Gibbs  and  others.  The  scale  is  18  miles  to 
1  inch.  It  -rives  the  Judicial  and  U.  S.  Land  Districts. 
It  distinguishes  the  Townships  and  their  subdivisions-  the 
County  Seats;  The  Military  Posts;  the  Railroads  built  and 
proposed,  and  the  limits  of  some  of  them;  the  occurrence 
of  gold,  silver,  copper,  quicksilver,  tin,  coal  and  oil.  It 
has  a  section  showing  the  bights  of  the  principal  moun- 
tains. The  boundaries  are  clear  and  unmistakable  and 
the  print  good.  1S78.  Sold  by  DEWEY  &  CO.  Price, 
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Nos.  ONE,    TWO    and    THREE. 

Stronger,    Better  and   Safer  than   any  other  High   Explosive. 

«PacLson    Powder 

IS  NOW  USED  IN  ALL  LARGE  HYDRAULIC  CLAIMS. 
It  breaks  more  "round,  pulverizes  it  better,  saves  time  and  money,  and  is    superseding    the   ordinary 
powder  wherever  it  is  tried.    dSTripto  Force  Caps  and  all  Grades  ol  Fuse. 

BANDMANN,    NIELSEN    &    CO..  San  Frar.oisco. 


VULCAN  BLASTING  POWDER. 


The  strongest  and 
most  economical  ex- 
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.nia^StreeV 


Office,  No.  6  Ca 

^AN 


iron  and  Steel  Wire  Rope, 

Flat  and  Round,  for  Mininz^hipping, 
Hoisting  and  G^mar^mposes. 

Having  theXnioSfc  cMploto  JeatT  extensive 
Wiia-fHfap  Vrorks  id  thcMfaited  States,  I  am 
preptfS«iHo  maWfactare  Wire  Ropo  and  Cablet! 
of  anAjengta  or  size  at  short  notice,  and  guar- 
antee the  quality  and  -workmanship  equal  to 
»ny  made  at  home  or  abr/o»d?"V 

iron,  Sfeel^w^Gah/aJized  Wire 

Of  all  feiies  ok  han^orfSado  to  order. 

BartjechTence 

Sole  Eropriej 

HallidMs  -rEifiles^  xtjopeway, 

<3TSenowr  atJircrJar. 

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Office,  No.  6  California.  St.,  San  Francisco. 


GARDNER'S 

Celebrated 

owner 

These  Steam  Governors   have   long 
been  known  as  THE  BEST,  and 
as  lately  Improved  and  Per- 
fected, they  have  no  Rival. 

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HEMORRHOIDS  OR  PILES, 

A  treatise  on  their  scientific  treatment  and  radical  cure, 
by  E.  J.  FRAZER,  M.  D.,  San  Francisco.  Price,  25  cents; 
for  sale  at  the  bookstores  and  by  the  author  at  221  Powell 
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St.,  Philadelphia  &  59  GoldJSt.,[N.  Y. 


An  Illustrated 


of  Mining, 


BY     UEWEY A 


SAN  FEANCISCO,  SATURDAY,  JANUARY  11,  1879. 


VOLl/ME    3XXVIII 
rffuxnber    3. 


Walled  Lakes. 

During  the  explorations  this  season  of  Prof. 
Hayden's  parties  in  the  Yellowstone  National 
park,  many  mountain  lakes  were  found  to  exist, 
beside  Yellowstone  lake,  the  largest  and  best 
known  among  them  all.  They  aro  beautiful 
sheets  of  water,  and  Burrounded  as  they  are 
by  the  quiet  grandeur  of  the  mountain  scen- 
ery, their  loveliness  is  very  impressive.  When 
one  has  gratified  himself  with  admiration  of 
their  picturesque  beauty,  and  comes  to  give 
them  more  detailed  examination,  he  discovers 
among  their  interesting  features — the  existence 
upon  their  Bhores  of  those  peculiar  embank- 
ments which  have  been  called  "  walls."  These 
are  especially  observable  upon  the  shores  of 
Heart  lake,  one  of  the  tributaries  of  Snake 
river,  and  in  one  of  Mr.  Jackson's  Hue  photo- 
graphic views  of  that  lake  the  wall  is  clearly 
shown. 

The  position  of  these  embankments  is  upon 
the  gently  sloping  shores,  and  at  or  near  the 
high  water  level,  which  at  the  time  of  low  water 
is  often  some  rods  from  the  margin.  Similar 
embankments  exist  upon  the  shores  of 
the  numerous  Bmall  lakes  of  northern 
Iowa  and  southern  Minnesota,  and  in  other 
northern  States,  and  their  origin  was  the  sub- 
ject of  much  vague  speculation,  until  a  few 
years  ago,  when  it  was  clearly  explained  by 
Dr.  C.  A.  White,  in  his  report  on  the  geology 
of  Iowa,  as  follows: 

"  The  water  is  usually  lowest  in  late  autumn, 
and  when  winter  comes  it  is  frozen  to  the  bot- 
tom over  a  wide  margin  from  the  shore.  The 
ice,  of  course,  freezes  fast  to  everything  upon 
the  bottom,  whether  boulders,  sand,  gravel  or 
mud,  and  the  expansive  power  of  the  water  in 
the  act  of  freezing  is  exerted  upon  them,  acting 
from  tho  center  of  the  lake  in  all  directions 
towards  its  circumference.  Those  who  are  fa- 
miliar with  the  expansive  power  of  ice  in  theact 
of  forming,  will  readily  see  that  under  such  cir- 
cumstances it  would  be  more  than  sufficient  to 
move  the  largest  boulder  up  the  gentle  slope  of 
the  bed  of  the  lake.  It  is  true  that  the  motion 
resulting  from  one  winter's  freezing  would  be 
hardly  perceptible,  but  the  act  repeated  from 
year  to  year,  and  from  century  to  century,  would 
ultimately  move  everything  upon  the  bottom 
beyond  the  reach  of  the  ice.  The  tracks  of 
boulders  thus  moved  have  been  observed,  being 
as  unmistakable  in  their  character  as  those 
which  the  river  muBsel  leaves  behind  it  in  the 
sand. 

"Thus  it  will  be  seen  that  whatever  was 
originally  upon  the  bottom  of  the  lake,  within 
the  reach  of  the  ice,  whether  boulders,  sand, 
gravel  or  mud,  has  been  constantly  carried 
towards  the  shore,  where  we  find  them  collected 
in  perfectly  natural  disorder,  and  forming  a 
ridge  juBt  where  the  expansive  power  of  the  ice 
ceased.  Below  the  line  of  freezing,  the  same 
kind  of  material  would  of  course  remain 
unmoved  upon  the  bottom,  because  there  is 
nothing  to  disturb  it. 

"The  embankments  vary  in  hight  from  2 
to  10  feet,  and  from  5  to  20  or  30  feet  across  the 
top,  their  size  and  outline  varying  according  to 
the  materials  which  compose  them.  If  boulders 
were  numerous  upon  the  bottom,  the  adjacent 
embankment  is  largely  composed  of  them ;  if 
sand  prevailed,  a  broad,  gently  rounded  embank- 
ment resulted,  just  such  as  might  be  expected 
from  that  material  ;  and  if  mud,  filled  with  the 
fibrous  roots  of  water  plants  and  sedges  were 
brought  out  by  ice,  a  steep,  narrow  embank- 
ment was  formed,  because  such  material  will 
atand  more  erect  in  a  ridge  or  embankment 
than  sand  or  boulders  will. 

"  This  description  was  applied  especially  to 
the  so-called  walled  lakes  of  northern  Iowa  and 
southern  Minnesota,  the  embankments  of  which 
were  formally  believed  by  many  to  have  been  of 
artificial  origin,  but  it  applies  equally  well  to 
the  mountain  lakes  of  the  Yellowstone  National 
park." 

The  third-class  ore  from  the  White  &  Shiloh 
Con.,  Battle  Mountain,  Nevada,  produces  crude 
bullion  that  goes  from  $11,000  to  $12,000  per 
ton.  The  first  and  second]  class  ores  are 
shipped,, 


Barnes'  Foot-Power  Lathe. 

Messrs.  Osborn  &  Alexander,  of  628  Market 
street,  in  this  city,  dealers  in  hardware,  lathes, 
scroll  saws,  etc.,  are  also  agents  for  Barnes' 
improved  lathe,  which  is  illustrated  on  this 
page.  This  No.  5  lathe  is  a  strong  and  power- 
ful engine  lathe,  having  all  the  necessary  appli- 
ances for  rapid  and  accurate  execution  of  heavy 
or  light  work.  The  size  will  best  accomodate 
the  requirements  of  those  wishing  a  lathe  for 
general  work  within  the  range  of  foot  work,  for 
manufacturing  or  repairing  purposes.  It  is 
substantially  built  of  iron,  steel  and  brass,  each 
used  where  they  will  best  serve.  Every  part  is 
in  true  proportion  and  all  arranged  for  conve- 
nience, strength  and  durability. 

The  tail  stock  can  be  instantly  set  at  any 
desired  point,  or 
taken  altogether 
from  the  lathe  bed 
andwithout  wrench 
or  removing  bolts. 
It  can  also  be  set 
over  for  turning 
tapers.  The  spin- 
dles of  both  head 
and  tail  stock  are 
of  cast  steel  with 
positively  true  taper 
holes  for  the  recep- 
tion of  the  centers. 
The  center  of  the 
tail  stock  is  self- 
discharging.  . 

The  tool  carriage 
is  a  model  of  con- 
venience and  accur- 
acy. The  tool  can 
be  set  to  the  work 
at  any  position  or 
angle  desired,  also 
to  bore  a  taper  hole 
or  turn  a  ball,  fea- 
tures not  in  ordi- 
nary movements  of 
tool  carriages. 
The    carriage 


BARNES*    FOOT-POWER    LATHE. 


is  fed  positively  either  to  the  right  or  left,  as 
desired,  by  screw  feed.  The  feed  can  be  stopped 
or  started  instantly  at  the  will  of  the  operator 
while  other  parts  may  be  in  motion.  All  these 
parts  are  securely  protected  from  chips  and  dust, 
thus  ensuring  long  wear  and  durability  to  the 
most  costly  and  vital  parts  of  the  lathe.  The 
gearing  furnished  can  be  combined  to  make 
some  500  different  leads  of  threads.  As  a  screw- 
cutting  lathe  it  is  perfect.  The  reverse  motion 
used  renders  it  practically  impossible  for  the 
tool  to  change  its  cut  when  being  returned. 
The  are  no  cast  gears  used  in   the   gearing  of 


other  lathes,  from  the  fact  that  it  will  drivo 
stronger  and  never  casts  from  the  cones.  This 
lathe  with  its  back  gearing  and  differential  pul- 
leys has  a  greater  range  of  speeds  than  has 
ever  been  before  offered  in  a  foot-power  lathe 
for  the  price.  The  seat  hinges  at  one  end,  al- 
lowing the  operator  to  pass  between  it  and 
lathe  to  be  seated.  The  price  of  the  lathe  is 
$115,  a  lower  figure  than  for  other  lathes,  and 
all  necessary  wrenches  and  belting  with  face 
plate  and  centers  are  furnished. 

MacMne-Shop  Rambles. 

Edwards'  Western  Iron  Works. 
We    have       lately     visited     the    works     of 
Perry  Edwards,  31G  and  318  Mission  street,  and 
learned  much   there  that  is  of  general  interest. 
At  these  works  a  specialty   is  made   of  what 
|  may    be  termed  the  fine  art  of  iron  work.     All 
have    noticed   and 
admired  the  artis- 
tic ironfencing  that 
surrounds  many  of 
our  moat  attractive 
residences.     The 
crestings  upon  the 
roofs  of  our  houses 
are    none  the  less 
attractive,  and  dis- 
play in  many  cases 
great  ingenuity  and 
taste  in   plan  and 
execution. 

There  is  another 
sty le  of  work 
which,  if,  not  artis- 
tic, makes  upon  the 
mind  a  stronger  im- 
pression than  does 
that  which  is  tru- 
ly beautiful:  we 
speak  of  the  iron 
workaboutprisons; 
the  ominous  grat- 
ings, the  heavy 
bolts  and  bars  and 
doors.  It  is  work 
of  this  class  that 
is  done  at  he  West- 
Mr.  Edwards  has  just  fin- 


ELTERICH'S    SCREW    CUTTING    TOOLS, 

this  lathe.  All  the  gear  wheels  are  cut  in  the 
best  machinery  known  for  gear  cutting,  from 
solid  metal  and  are  positively  true  and  as  noise- 
less as  it  is  possible  for  metal  gear.  This  lathe 
weighs  225  lbs.,  and  except  the  balance  wheel  of 
30  fts.  the  weight  is  all  in  its  working  partB, 
which  is  a  great  consideration  when  compared 
with  the  lathes  arranged  with  the  old  faulty 
foot-power  motions,  the  balance  wheels  of  which 
often  weigh  200  lbs.,  or  more  than  all  the  bal- 
ance of  the  lathe.  This  great  weight  is  entirely 
useless  except  to  overcome  faults  in  a  defective 
foot  motion. 
Angular  belting  is  used  on  this  as  well  as  on 


tern  Iron  Works. 

ished  an  order  for  250  feet  of 

Iron  Fencing- 
For  parties  in  Napa.  Most  of  his  work  in  this 
line  is  for  orders  out  of  the  city.  He  has  on 
hand  now  a  job  of  400  feet  of  fencing  and  crest- 
ing. He  furnished  the  new  Hall  of  Records 
with  iron  doors  and  shutters,  and  has  lately 
finished  a  large  iron 

Hot- Air  Drier 
j  For  the  Magdalen  Asylum.  This  drier  is  16 
feet  long,  12  feet  wide  and  3  feet  high.  A  fire 
is  built  under  it.  The  air  circulates  throngh 
the  drier,  becoming  heated  and  passing  off  up 
the  chimney.  The  clothes  are  hung  above  the 
drier  after  washing. 

Perhaps  the  most  interesting  department  of 
his  work  is 

Model-making1. 

In  this  line  the  most  notable  job  that  he  has 
lately  done  is  the  making  of  the  iron  work  for 
Russell's  amalgamator.  This  machine  has  ac- 
quired some  little  notoriety  as  being  the  pat- 
tern used  at  the  ocean  placers,  which  a  few 
months  ago  attracted  so  much  attention. 

In  addition  to  the  classes  of  work  we  have 
mentioned,  Mr.  Edwards  advertises  to  do  all 
kinds  of  house  iron-work,  including  the  manu- 
facture of  wrought-iron  girders,  trusses,  nickle- 
plated   railings,    and  bank  and   store   fittings. 

Pacific  Coast  Postal  Changes. — The  fol- 
lowing are  the  changes  for  the  week  ending 
Jan.  4th:  Offices  Established — Little  Stony, 
Colusa  county,  California;  James  R.  Davis, 
Postmaster.  Home,  Baker  county,  Oregon; 
Wm.  S.  Glenn,  Postmaster.  Greaterville, 
Pima  county,  Arizona;  Thos.  Steele,  Post- 
master. Grouse  Creek,  Box  Elder  county,  Utah; 
Mrs.  S.  H.  Kimball,  Postmistress.  Postmas- 
ters Appointed — Hiram  Lush,  Jacob  City, 
Tooele  county,  Utah;  R.  O.  Shirley,  Logan, 
Cache  county,   Utah. 

The  Ruby  Hill  (Nevada)  Mining  Report  urges 
the  erection,  by  some  well-disposed  capitalist, 
of  a  $5,000  sampling  works  for  the  accommoda- 
tion of  that  district, 


Three  More  Railroads. 

The  aignB  of  the  times  have  shifted.  Let  us 
see  what  we  see: 

In  Arizona  it  is  evident  that  they  are  build- 
ing the  Southern  Pacific  railroad  from  the  West 
End.  It  is  well  known  also  that  both  the  Den- 
ver &  Rio  Grande  and  the  Atchison,  Topeka  & 
Pacific  Railroad  Companies,  which  have  been 
building  energetically  southweBtward,  have, 
both  of  them,  vitality  enough  to  reach  the 
western  boundary  of  New  Mexico  in  due  time. 
The  connecting  route  is  the  present  freight  route 
from  the  East  to  Tucson.  It  will  continue  to 
be  such  only  a  very  short  time,  for  San  Fran- 
cisco will  tap  the  Tucson  trade  and  will  have 
all  of  it,  until  the  Eastern  people  reach  out  for 
it,  just  as  we  are  doing,  with  an  iron  road. 

The  Northern  Pacific  people  have  let  contracts 
for  building  a  section  that  will  bring  them  up 
speedily  to  the  Rocky  mountains  from  the  east 
end.  The  great  wheat  plains  of  eastern  Wash- 
ington, which  shipped  the  past  year  more  than 
their  million  bushels  of  wheat,  are  well  known 
to  be  rapidly  extending  their  plowed  acreage, 
but  the  country  has  no  railroad.  The  Northern 
Pacific  survey  runs  through  those  wheat  fields 
for  several  hundred  miles.  Does  anyone  imagine 
that  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad  Company  is 
so  dead,  at  the  present  time,  as  not  to  be  able 
to  build  that  part  of  their  road  under  such  con- 
ditions ?  If  so,  he  will  probably  live  to  learn 
that  a  portion  of  the  grain  crop  for  the  present 
year,  and  all  of  it  for  the  next  in  the  upper 
Columbia  country,  will  be  moved  by  the  Northern 
Pacific  railroad.  The  route  surveyed  last  season, 
between  the  Upper  Columbia  and  the  Wilkeson 
branch  to  the  Mt.  Rainier  coal  region,  was  found 
satisfactory  ;  and  that  connection  will  be  made 
as  the  next  step,  taking  the  statement  of 
Superintendent  Black  as  our  evidence  of  the 
intentions  of  the  company. 

It  is  not  generally  known  nor  understood  that 
the  Canadian  Pacific  railway  is  in  progress  of 
construction  at  Winnipeg,  and  that  the  Cana- 
dian ministry  have  procured  a  large  loan  in 
England,  the  object  of  which  is  understood  to 
be  the  building  of  the  railway.  Every  foot  of 
the  line  has  been  located  by  location  survey  on 
a  most  advantageous  route,  after  surveying  some 
30,000  more  miles  on  other  lines,  for  making 
comparisons  of  routes  and  getting  the  best. 
The  Canadian  Premier,  Sir  John  McDonald, 
represents  the  city  of  Victoria,  and  the  policy 
of  beginning  construction  immediately  at  the 
western  end  and  carrying  it  on  simultaneously 
with  construction  at  the  eastern  end. 


Screw  Cutting  Tools  in  Sets. 

At  Dunham  &  Carrigan's  hardware  store,  in 
this  city,  they  have  a  variety  of  improved  screw 
cutting  tools  in  sets,  all  packed  in  neat  boxes 
ready  for  use.  A  representation  of  a  set  of 
Elterich's  tools  is  shown  on  this  page,  showing 
a  No.  3  set,  in  walnut  box.  No.  1  contains  one 
die-holder,  one  tap  wrench,  and  one  tap  and 
die  each.  Nos.  4,  6,  8,  10,  16  and  14,  price  in 
walnut  case,  $7.  No.  3  (shown  in  the  cut), 
contains  a  die-holder,  tap  wrench,  and  one  tap 
and  die  each  of  Nos,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  8,  12  and  14, 
and  two  each  of  No.  10  taps  and  dies.  Price 
in  walnut  case,  $10. 

These  are  furnished  with  standard  machine- 
screw  threads  and  plug  taps.  The  dies  cut 
rapidly,  and  furnish  a  perfect  thread  at  one  cut. 
They  are  made  exact  to  size,  but  can  be  ad- 
justed for  wear.  The  taps  arehand-made,  ground 
out  and  relieved,  so  that  they  can  be  backed 
out  from  the  work  without  breaking.  Every 
tap  and  die  is  warranted.  The  sets  are  put  up 
in  neat  boxes,  and  are  all  good  serviceable  tools, 
well  made  and  neat  in  appearance. 


Special  Correspondent,  Capt.  Wm.  H.  Sea- 
mans,  of  Oakland,  left  for  Prescott,  Arizona,  on 
Tuesday  of  this  week.  He  will  visit  some  of 
the  northern  and  other  mining  districts  of  the 
Territory  on  private  business,  and  has  promised 
to  take  notes  and  send  some  letters  to  the 
Press  from  such  places  as  are  not  visited  by 
our  general  agent  and  correspondent. 


18 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[January  n,  1879. 


CORRESPONDENCE. 


We  admit,  unendorsed,  opinions  of  correspondents. — Eds. 


The  Search  for  Refractory  Ores. 

Editors  Press:— Let  us  understand  each 
other.  What  do  we  moan  by  '  'refractory  ores?" 
I  am  aware  that,  by  miners,  the  term  is  ap- 
plied, as  regards  gold,  to  all  such  ai  cannot  be 
satisfactorily  treated  by  simple  amalgamation 
in  batteries  and  on  plates;  as  regards  silver,  to 
such  as  cannot  be  worked  raw  in  iron  pans. 
Those  ores  which  are  made  profitable  by  these 
simple  means  are  denominated  "free  milling," 
even  though,  as  at  Virginia,  there  may  be  a 
considerable  loss  of  precious  metal.  Among 
metallurgists,  however,  I  opine  that  refractory 
ores  are  those  which  present  considerable  diffi- 
culty in  their  treatment  by  any  generally 
known  process,  for  of  secret  prooesses  no  ac- 
count can  be  taken.  Refractory  ores  which 
defy  the  metallurgist  then,  are  those  which, 
though  containing  enough  metal  to  pay  the  cost 
of  the  intelligent  application  of  known  methods 
of  extraction,  cannot  be  worked  satisfactorily 
because  of  the  failure  of  such  methods  to  ex- 
tract the  metal. 

A  metallurgical  success  necessarily  involves 
the  element  of  profit;  for  metallurgy  is  a  sci- 
ence applied  to  the  wants  of  life,  and  an  opera- 
tion which  is  conducted  at  a  loss,  however  sat- 
isfactory in  a  purely  scientific  point  of  view, 
cannot  be  called  a  metallurgical  success  in  any 
practical  sense. 

On  the  other  hand,  however,  the  mere  fact 
that  a  profit  is  made  does  not  of  itself  justify 
the  claim  of  a  metallurgical  success;  for  this, 
to  my  thinking,  requires  that  the  given  ore 
shall  be  worked  as  closely  as  is  possible  by 
known  means,  consistently  with  the  greatest 
profit,  which  again  does  not  always  mean  the 
largest  immediate  return;  for  since  mines  are 
not  inexhaustible,  practically,  economy  of  ore 
is  to  be  considered.  Thus  I  have  never  been 
able  to  consider  the  work  done  on  the  Comstock 
as  a  metallurgical  success,  because  I  have  had 
reason  to  think  that  better  work  might  have 
been  done,  with  greater  profit  to  owners;  and 
so  with  the  gold  quartz  milling,  though  often 
profitable,  it  cannot  be  called  metallurgically 
successful  if  30%  of  the  gold  is  lost  as  some 
say;  unless,  indeed,  the  resources  of  science  are 
inadequate  to  the  saving  of  a  higher  percent- 
age, with  equal  or  greater  profit.  I  know  of  a 
large  copper  mine  which  is  said  to  yield  a 
profit,  though  only  about  half  the  copper  is  ex- 
tracted. This  is  not  a  metallurgical  success, 
because,  by  the  use  of  a  better  process,  almost 
all  the  copper  can  be  got,  with  increased  profit. 
Poor  ores  which  do  not  contain  sufficient 
metal  to  pay  the  cost  of  manipulation,  under 
the  conditions  of  locality,  etc.,  are  not  neces- 
sarily refractory. 

To  sum  up,  refractory  ores  are  those  which 
are  difficult  to  work;  and  refractory  ores  which 
defy  the  metallurgist,  are  those  which  cannot 
be  worked.  Poor  ores,  whether  refractory  or 
not,  must  await  the  increase  of  facilities,  and 
improvement  of  machines  and  processes. 

Ores  which  can  be  worked  by  the  O'Harra 
furnace  are  not  refractory,  for  that  furnace  is 
nothing  more  nor  less  than  a  reverberatory  fur- 
nace, with  automatic  stirring  apparatus,  and 
any  ore  which  can  he  worked  in  it  can  be 
worked  in  the  old  reverberatory;  the  difference 
is  in  the  cost,  so  that  the  ore,  previous  to  the 
introduction  of  the  O'Harra  furnace,  was  in  the 
oategory  of  poor  ores,  from  which  that  furnace 
has  redeemed  it. 

With  the  Willard  furnace  the  case  is  some- 
what different.  It  involves  principles  which, 
though  not  new,  have  not,  I  think,  heretofore 
been  so  well  applied.  It  presents  two  advan- 
tages: firstly,  avoidance  of  dusting;  secondly,  a 
low  temperature.  Perhaps,  I  may  add,  abetter 
elimination  of  arsenic  and  antimony,  etc.  Its 
performance  will  be  watched  with  interest. 

I  have  heard  a  great  deal  about  the  Meadow 
Lake  ore,  and  intend  to  inform  myself  further ) 
about  it.  In  the  meantime  I  will  observe  that 
there  are  two  classes  of  men  who  are  very  liable 
to  fail  in  treating  ores.  One  is  the  theoretical, 
laboratory  man,  who  knows  nothing  of  practical 
work  or  business,  and  is  led  away  by  scientific 
zeal.  He  may  make  a  chemical  success,  but  is 
apt  to  fail  in  the  pecuniary  point.  The  other 
is  the  self-styled,  self- sufficient  "practical 
man,"  who,  having  picked  up,  without  having 
comprehended,  the  routine  of  operations  in  one 
place,  finds  himself,  under  new  conditions, 
utterly  helpless;  unable  to  succeed  in  any  sense 
and  equally  unable  to  give  an  intelligent  reason 
for  failure. 

If  the  owners  of  ores  which  are  thought  to  be 
refractory  will  come  forward  with  a  few  facts, 
some  among  us  may  be  enabled  to  assist  them 
with  mutual  benefit.  In  order  to  elicit  this  in- 
formation I  will  take  the  liberty  of  asking 
these  gentlemen  a  few  questions: 

1.  What  are  the  valuable  contents  of  your 
ore,  kind  and  quantity  per  ton? 

2.  What  is  the  price  of  fuel,  labor,  lumber 
and  freight  from  point  of  supply;  or  where  is 
the  mine? 

3.  What  methods  have  been  tried,  and  with 
what  results? 

4.  What  is  the  matter  with  your  ore?    Why 


is  it  refractory?     What  makes  it  so? 

With  the  answers  to  these  questions  before 
us  we  can  think  intelligently  about  it,  and  if 
light  appears  to  some  one  of  us,  a  sample  of  the 
ore  can  be  sent  for  and  experimented  on. 

I  will  conclude  with  a  proposition  upon 
which  I  have  heretofore  enlarged  in  your  col- 
umns. Any  chemical  operation  which  suc- 
ceeds on  a  small  scale,  will  give  the  Bame  result 
on  a  large  scale,  if  all  necessary  conditions  are 
maintained.  It  is  only  by  a  rigid  regard  of  this 
rule  that  metallurgical  experiments  on  a  small 
scale  can  be  relied  on.  Any  ore  which  can  be 
worked  with  profit  on  a  small  scale  can  be 
worked  with  more  profit  on  a  large  scale,  if  the 
supply  of  material  to  work  on,  and  to  work 
with,  is  adequate.  C.  H.  Aaron. 

Defects  in  the  Mining  Laws. 

Editors  Press: — Having  noticed  an  extract 
from  your  paper,  published  in  the  Miner  here, 
I  am  induced  to  say  something  further.  The 
article  had  relation  to  the  U.  S.  mining  laws  of 
1866  and  1S72.  I  think  we  feel  the  injustice 
here,  probably  more  than  any  other  State  does, 
of  these  acts.  They  doubtless  were  framed  by 
men  who  knew  nothing  about  a  mine,  or  what 
the  miner  needed  to  protect  him  from  fraud  and 
robbery.  Your  remarks  are  true,  here,  "that 
the  miner  himself  enacted  local  laws  which 
were  far  better  suited  to  his  requirements  than 
any  law  yet  passed  by  Congress  or  Legislature. " 
The  trouble  is  we  send  politicians  to  represent 
us  who  know  nothing  of,  and  care  les3  for,  the 
interest  of  the  miner. 

This  State  perhaps  is  peculiarly  situated, 
differing  from  any  other  mining  State  in  its  for- 
mation. Our  veins  or  lodes  (which  we  call 
lodes),  will  average  probably  one  for  every  acre 
of  surface  in  a  mining  camp,  say  10  miles  square. 
Of  course  nine-tenths  of  these  are  nothing  but 
feeders  and  spurs  from  the  main  vein.  Hence, 
in  nine  cases  out  of  10,  locations  and  discov- 
eries are  made  on  these  spurs,  and  the  main 
fissure  vein  is  liable  to  be  left  undiscovered,  as 
generally  in  this  -country  the  main  vein  is  deeply 
buried  in  the  drift  or  slide. 

These  locations  (utterly  worthless  except  as 
occupying  the  ground  to  prevent  the  prospector 
from  coming  anywhere  in  the  neighborhood),  he 
holds  on  speculation  to  sell.  It  is  for  the  pub- 
lic interest  that  the  fullest  latitude  should  be 
given  to  the  prospector,  for  to  him  alone  is  the 
public  indebted.  There  is  one  instance  in  this 
county  where  flow  of  the  richest  quartz,  worth 
from  1*1,000  up  to  $10,000  per  ton  is  found,  but 
the  lode  has  not  yet  been  found,  and  probably 
will  not  for  years  to  come,  as  all  the  ground  is 
taken  up  by  these  worthless  discoveries,  which 
in  many  cases  are  held  by  patents.  The  pros- 
pector is  warned  off  and  is  considered  a  tres- 
passer; hence  he  seeks  other  fields  for  explora- 
tion. 

Another  objectionable  feature  we  find  in  the 
law  here.  For  instance,  A  makes  a  prior  loca- 
tion of  1,500  feet  in  length  by  150  feet  in  width, 
(as  our  local  law  is  here).  B  makes  a  subsequent 
location  and  crosses  A's  claim  at  a  point  so  as 
to  take  in  A's  discovery  or  location.  B  makes 
application  for  his  patent  for  1,500  feet  long 
and  150  feet  wide,  and,  by  the  terms  of  the 
law,  A  must  lose  not  only  the  strip  across  him 
150  feet  wide  which  B  is  claiming,  but  his 
whole  claim  1.500  feet  long,  unless  he  ad  verses 
B  at  the  land  office,  and  show  the  facts  in  the 
case.  What  harm  has  A  done  that  he  must 
pay  from  $200  to  $500  to  prosecute  this  adverse 
suit  ? 

I  could  continue  to  cite  many  more  objections 
to  this  law  of  1872.  It  is  very  true,  I  think  as 
you  intimate,  that  the  men  who  made  this  law 
knew  nothing  of  .what  they  were  legislating 
about.  The  member  from  Mississippi  I  guess 
was  about  right.  We  send  men  from  these 
mining  States,  not  J  for  what  they  know  of  our 
interests,  but  for  the  amount  of  money  they 
can  command  to  .purchase  votes  at  the  election, 
no  other  qualification  is  requisite. 

This  State's  richness  in  mines  is  but  begin- 
ning to  be  known,  we  have  had  to  learn  every- 
thing by  practical  experience.  If  Congress 
can  let  us  alone  Colorado  will  soon  prove  to  the 
world  that  she  stands  second  to  none  "of  her 
mining  sisters.      Yours  respectfully,  S. 

Georgetown,  Colorado,  Dec.  22d. 

Cost  of  Artesian  Wells. 

Editors  Press: — I  see  in  a  late  number  of 
the  Press  an  article  giving  the  cost  of  artesian 
wells.  It  seems  too  high.  The  regular  price  in 
this  county  is  as  follows:  Boring  first  100  feet, 
$50;  each  additional  50  feet,  50  cents  per  foot 
more.  Pipe,  No.  14  sheet  iron,  joints  two  feet 
long  and  lapping  half  way,  S5  cents  each  ;  No. 
16  iron,  70  cents  each  ;  diametor,  seven  inches. 
A  larger  diameter  would  cost  more,  but  not  a 
great  deal.  The  strata  commonly  met  with  are: 
Quicksand,  blue  clay,  black  clay,  cement,  gravel, 
boulders,  etc.,  alternating;  no  bedrock. 

The  farmer  or  person  on  whose  land  the  well 
is  bored,  boards  the  hands  that  bore  the  well, 
and  generally  moves  the  tools  from  the  last  well 
to  his  place.  WeUs  in  this  county  are  of  all 
depths,  from  70  feet  to  400  feet,  and  flow  from 
one  inch  to  seven  inches  over  the  top  of  the 
pipe,  and  sometimes  more.         Well  Borer. 

Westminster,  Los  Angeles  Co.,  Dec,  24th. 


Refractory  Ores. 

Editors  Press: — I  see  published  in  your 
columns  an  inquiry  from  C.  H.  A. ,  asking  where 
to  find  refractory  ores.  I  have  several  lodes 
containing  gold,  silver  and  copper — no  lead. 
The  assays  run  from  $10  to  $600  in  gold,  from 
$14  to  $400  in  silver,  and  from  10%  to  60%  in 
copper.  The  mines  are  situated  at  Caribou, 
Oneida  county,  Idaho,  not  far  from  Soda  Springs* 
The  best  route  is  by  way  of  Corinne,  Utah.  If 
anyone  who  wishes  to  inspect  the  mines  will 
come  about  the  first  of  May,  I  will  accompany 
him  to  the  mines.  I  have  men  at  work  there 
all  winter.  None  of  the  mines  are  well  devel- 
oped. The  most  fully  developed  so  far  is  the 
Oneida.  They  are  down  80  feet  on  this  mine. 
The  assay  is  $720  fio  the  ton,  all  gold.  As  yet 
no  capital  has  taken  hold. 

There  are  good  placer  mines  in  the  vicinity, 
about  15  miles  from  Snake  river.  The  miners 
are  all  doing  well.  The  formation  is  granite 
and  porphyry.  The  gold  is  fine  flour.  The  dirt 
seems  to  pay  very  evenly  from  top  to  bottom. 
There  is  plenty  of  wood  and  water. 

Anyone  can  see  samples  of  the  different  ores 
by  calling  on  me  at  Corinne,  Utah.  The  dis- 
tance from  this  place  to  the  mines  is  about  140 
miles.  Part  of  the  way  may  be  traveled  by 
rail.  It  is  possible  to  go  from  here  by  teams  in 
five  days.  Hiram  House. 

Corinne,  Utah,  Dec.  24th. 

[Mr.  House  does  not  say  whether  the  ore  can 
be  worked  or  not.  It  would  be  well  for  him  to 
send  us  some  account  of  any  attempts  that  have 
been  made  at  working  the  ores ;  also  more  com- 
plete analyses  of  the  same. — Editors  Press.] 


Snake  River  Again. 

"Forty-niner,"  writing  again  to  the  Salt  Lake 
Ti'ibune,  joins  issue  with  "  Snake  Bite  "  on  the 
gold-washing  question. 

I  say  again,  place  the  boxes  containing  the 
plates,  as  flat  as  you  can,  and  have  the  sand 
wash  off,  and  not  clay  the  plates.  I  take  issue 
directly  with  the  Biter's  idea  that  the  "finer 
the  gold  the  steeper  the  plates  should  be  set." 
It  will  not  stand  the  test  of  practice  or  experi- 
ence, and  I  have  had  over  20  years  of  both,  in 
saving  gold,  from  the  old  arastras  up  to  the 
latest  styles  of  batteries,  plates  and  pans. 

The  slower  the  gold  can  be  made  to  pass  over 
the  plates,  the  more  will  adhere  to  them.  A 
single  trial  of  five  minutes  in  front  of  batteries 
mining  rich  rock,  will  convince  anyone  of  this, 
holding  a  plate  at  different  degrees  of  pitch  so 
that  the  pulp  passes  over  it.  , 

If  they  are  too  steep,  or  too  much  water, 
when  a  swift  current  passes  over  them,  much  of 
the  gold  goes  also.  This  is  too  well  known  to 
need  argument  with  those  who  are  posted.  I 
now  quote  the  crooked  one:  "  1st.  It  is  not 
necessary  in  the  new  machine  to  fork  out  the 
coarse  rock,  as  he  states  ;  it  would  cost  too 
much."  I  did  not  state  anything  of  the  kind. 
I  said  it  must  be  done.  If  this  labor  can  be 
avoided  by  placing  perforated  iron  plates  over 
the  amalgamated  plates,  and  have  everything 
carried  over  but  fine  sand  and  gold,  1  have  no 
objection,  only  that  it  will  be  more  expensive  in 
the  outfit,  and  some  saud  and  gold  will  pass 
with  the  coarse  material. 

I  now  add  to  the  directions  given  before:  If 
there  is  tough  clay  or  other  material  holding 
and  mixed  with  the  gold,  which  requires  a  good 
head  of  water  and  swift  motion,  spread  the  last 
sluice  out  like  a  pan  or  table,  and  divide  the 
current  of  water  with  cleats  and  stops,  so  that 
the  water  and  sand  spread  out  evenly  and  wash 
slowly  over  the  plates. 

I  will  say  for  the  process  stated  of  amalga- 
mating the  plates  that  it  has  given  good  results 
for  25  or  30  years  on  the  coast.  I  have  used 
plates  so  amalgamated  until  they  were  worn 
out  and  replaced  by  new  ones,  the  old  ones  be- 
ing sold  for  $1  per  pound,  and  melted  for  the 
gold  they  contained.  On  plates  inside  of  the 
batteries,  the  amalgam  will  sometimes  get  very 
thick  and  hard,  and  adhere  so  firmly  that  it  has 
to  be  chipped  off  with  a  chisel,  and  on  the  same 
plate  perhaps  (where  violent  splashing  occurred) 
there  would  be  spots  where  the  amalgam  was 
washed  off  through  to  the  copper.  But  outside 
of  the  batteries  where  the  plates  can  be  seen, 
and  a  little  quicksilver  applied  when  such  spots 
appear,  no  difficulty  will  occur  in  keeping  them 
amalgamated. 

As  before  stated,  on  the  bowl  of  quicksilver 
used  for  this  parpose,  keep  a  solution  of  cyanide 
of  potash.  Some  millmen  assert  that  the  weak 
solution  of  acid  is  no  benefit,  others  as  stoutly 
insist  that  it  is.  I  always  found  the  quicksilver 
more  effective  in  the  pans  when  it  was  used. 
Try  both  and  use  your  own  judgment.  This  is 
anybody's  process,  and  has  stood  the  test  of 
long  years  of  practice  with  practical  amal- 
gamators. 


Our  Solar  System. — Exclusive  of  comets, 
there  are  now  224  members  of  our  solar  system 
known.  There  are  now  190  asteroids  known, 
unless  others  have  been  discovered  since  Octo- 
ber 1st.  In  1S75  there  were  17  discovered,  the 
greatest  number  in  one  year.  Prof.  C.  H.  F. 
Peters,  of  the  Litchfield  observatory,  Hamilton 
college,  has  discovered  the  greatest  number,  31. 
Prof.  Watson  follows  him  in  the  list,  having 
discovered  23. 


Why  the  Sierra  Nevada  is  Larger  than 
the  Coast  Range. 

A  Legend  of  the  Yokuts. 

Stephen  Powers,  in  his  "Indian  Tribes  of 
California,"  relates  occasional  legends  of  the 
strange  peoples  he  visited.  Many  of  these  tra- 
ditions are  in  themselves  silly,  child's  fables, 
but  viewed  from  the  standpoint  of  ethnology 
they  possess  peculiar  interest.  The  tribe  of  the 
Yokuts  lived,  or  rather  their  remnants  still  live, 
about  the  northern  half  of  Tulare  lake,  reach- 
ing as  far  north  as  the  bend  to  the  eastward  of 
the  San  Joaquin,  and  extending  to  the  east  and 
west  as  far  as  the  Sierras  and  the  Coast  Range 
respectively.  The  following  legend  belongs  to 
this  tribe.     Powers  entitled  it  the 

Origin  of  the  Mountains. 

Once  there  was  a  time  when  there  was  noth- 
ing in  the  world  but  water.  About  the  place 
where  Tulare  lake  is  now  there  was  a  pole 
standing  far  up  out  of  the  water,  and  on  this 
pole  perched  a  hawk  and  a  crow.  First  one  of 
them  would  sit  on  the  pole  awhile,  then  the 
other  would  knock  him  off  and  sit  on  it  himself. 
Thus  they  sat  on  top  of  the  pole  above  the 
waters  for  many  ages.  At  length  they  wearied 
of  the  lonesomeness  and  they  created  the  birds 
which  prey  on  fish,  such  as  the  kingfisher,  eagle, 
pelican,  and  others.  Among  them  was  a  very 
small  duck,  which  dived  down  to  the  bottom  of 
the  water,  picked  its  beak  fuU  of  mud,  came  up, 
died,  and  lay  floating  on  the  water.  The  hawk 
and  the  crow  then  fell  to  work  and  gathered 
from  the  duck's  beak  the  earth  which  it  had 
brought  up,  and  commenced  making  the  moun- 
tains. They  commenced  at  the  place  now 
known  as  Ta-hi-cha-pa  pass,  and  the  hawk 
made  the  east  range,  while  the  crow  made  the 
west  one.  Little  by  little,  as  they  dropped  iu 
the  earth,  these  great  mountains  grew  athwart 
the  face  of  the  waters,  pushing  north.  It  was 
a  work  of  many  years,  but  finally  they  met  to- 
gether at  Mount  Shasta,  and  their  labors  were 
ended.  But,  behold,  when  they  compared  their 
mountains,  it  was  found  that  the  crow's  was  a 
great  deal  the  larger.  Then  the  hawk  said  to 
the  crow:  "How  did  this  happen,  you  rascal? 
I  warrant  you  have  been  stealing  some  of  the 
earth  from  my  bill,  and  that  is  why  your  moun- 
tains are  the  biggest. "  It  was  a  fact,  and  the 
crow  laughed  in  his  claws.  Then  the  hawk 
went  and  got  some  Indian  tobacco  and  chewed 
it,  and  it  made  him  exceedingly  wise.  So  he 
took  hold  of  the  mountains  and  turned  them 
round  in  a  circle,  putting  his  range  in  place  of 
the  crow's;  and  that  is  why  the  Sierra  Nevada 
is  larger  than  the  Coast  Range. 

This  legend  is  of  value,  says  Powers,  as  show- 
ing the  aboriginal  notions  of  geography.  In 
explaining  the  story,  the  Indian  drew  iu  the 
sand  a  long  ellipse,  representing  quite  accu- 
rately, the  shape  of  the  two  ranges  ;  and  he  had 
never  traveled  away  from  King's  river, 

Further,  it  may  be  added,  this  legend  and  all 
of  similar  origin,  are  of  value  in  correcting  the 
ideas  of  "city  folks"  with  regard  to  the  Califor- 
nia Indians.  Those  who  have  seen  only  the 
"  Digger"  in  his  debauched  indolence,  as  he 
hangs  about  some  stage  station,  have  no  right  to 
form  an  opinion,  based  upon  their  own  experi- 
ence, of  those  unfortunate  people.  They  do  not 
deserve  the  approbrium  attached  to  the  term 
"Digger."  They  are  interesting  tribes,  that 
have  a  history.  They  are  falling  before  the 
advance  of  a  people  far  better  than  themselves  ; 
but  not  so  much  better,  that  the  uncivilized 
cannot  point  to  the  civilized  as  the  hasteners  of 
the  Indian's  destruction.  "We  shall  all  die 
sopn,"  wails  the  Yokuts  Indian  in  his  dance  for 
the  dead.  "  We  were  a  great  people  once. 
We  are  weak  and  little  now.  Be  sorrowful  in 
your  hearts.  O,  let  sorrow  melt  your  hearts. 
Let  your  tears  flow  fast.  We  are  all  one  people. 
We  are  all  friends.  All  our  hearts  are  one 
heart." 


Buying  Gold  at  Boise. 

Gold  bullion  is  now  purchased  at  the  United 
States  Assay  office  at  Boise,  Idaho,  and  paid  for 
at  its  coining  value  in  U.  S  legal  tender  notes 
at  par,  subject  to  the  following  deductions: 

1.  One- tenth  of  oue  per  cent,  for  melting  and 
assaying,  with  a  minimum  charge  of  ten  cents 
for  any  deposit  of  less  value  than  $100. 

2.  When  the  character  of  the  bullion  is  such 
as  to  require  toughening,  a  charge  for  that  opera- 
tion will  be  made  of  from  one  half  to  two  cents 
per  ounce  gross,  according  to  the  condition  of 
the  deposit,  and  on  any  such  deposit  of  less 
weight  than  five  ounces  the  charge  will  be  im- 
posed as  if  the  weight  was  five  ounces. 

3[  A  deduction  wiU  be  made  from  each  pur- 
chase at  the  rate  of  $10  per  $1,000,  to  pay  for 
the  cost  of  expressage  to  the  mint  at  San  Fran- 
cisco. 

4.  When  the  bullion  contains  silver  to  the 
amount  of  50  cents  over  and  above  the  expense 
of  parting  it  from  the  gold,  a  charge  of  eight 
cents  per  ounce  gross  will  be  deducted,  and  the 
balance  of  the  silver  paid  for  at  the  rate  of  97 
cents  per  standard  ounce  (900  fine),  but  if  after 
deducting  the  parting  charge,  less  than  #0  cents 
remain,  no  allowance  will  be  made  for  it  to  the 
depositor.  When  partable  bullion  contains  over 
100  base  metal,  an  additional  parting  charge  of 
one  cent  per  ounce  gross  will  be  imposed. 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


19 


Dry  Graphite  for   Steam  Cylinders. 

Mr.  W.  J.  Williams,  a  prominent  engineer 
of  Philadelphia,  has  called  attention  to  the  sue- 
cewful  use  of  dry  pulverized  graphite  for  lubri- 
cating stoam-cylindere.  He  applies  137  grains 
twice  a  day,  introducing  it  iuto  the  cylinder 
through  the  usual  form  of  tallow- cup.  six 
months  of  continuous  use,  in  a  horizontal 
engine,  Working  to  its  full  capacity,  proves  this 
lubricant  superior  in  every  way  to  oils  or  tallow, 
both  of  winch  he  had  used  for  years.  No  oil 
whatever  is  introduced  with  the  graphite.  lie- 
sides  satisfying  all  the  lubricating  needs  of  the 
cylinder,  the  joints,  where  gum  is  used,  last 
longer  and  show  less  of  leakage. 

After  a  run  of  four  months,  Mr.  W,  says  : 
"  I  took  off  the  cylinder-head  of  my  engine  to 
examine  the  interior.  I  found  the  piston  per- 
fectly clean,  with  no  appearance  of  wear  or 
abraeion,  on  account  of  plumbago  being  used  as 
the  lubricator.  I  feel  very  positive  that  if  I 
had  been  using  animal  or  vegetable  oils,  the 
parts  would  be  in  a  much  worse  condition  to- 
day. The  cylinder  has  been  scored  for  several 
years.  It  is  in  no  better  or  worse  condition 
now  than  it  was  before  I  quit  using  oils  (about 
14  months.]  The  working  part  of  the  cylinder 
is  everywhere  covered  with  a  uoat  of  plumbago, 
readily  soiling  the  fingers. 

"I  touched  the  cylinder  in  the  same  place  three 
times,  cleaning  tho  fingers  previous  to  each 
tonoh,  but  they  wore  soiled  each  time. 

I  "Tho   conclusion  I    have  oome   to  about  the 

choking  up  of  passages  is,  that  plumbago  alone 
will  not  do  it ;  but  wherever  there  is  friction  of 
one  or  more  moving  parts,  some  of  it  will  adhere 
to  them. 

"1  have  never  heard  a  noise  in  the  cylinder 
since  I  have  been  using  plumbago,  except  when 
the  steam  is  entirely  shut  off  at  the  stop-valve 
for  the  purpose  of  stopping  the  engine  ;  and 
then  it  would  be  heard  during  one  or  two  strokes 
of  the  piston  before  the  engine  would  stop,  and 
this  not  oftener  than  usually  occurs  when  using 
any  kind  of  lubricator.  * 

"I  increase  the  quantity  of  plumbago  some- 
times to  180  grains  twice  a  day  ;  134  is  the 
minimum  and  usual  quantity." 

Looomotives  Without  Fire. 

Machines  on  the  above-named  principle  are 
now  at  work  on  the  tramway  from  Rued  to 
Marly,  near  Paris,  and  with  satisfactory  results. 
The  system  in  use  .is  one  introduced  by  M. 
Francy,  an  engineer,  and  is  based  on  the  fact 
that  water  boils  at  a  lower  temperature  pro- 
portionately to  the  reduction  of  the  atmospheric 
pressure.  It  is  well  known  that  water  requires  a 
temperature  of  212"  Fahr.  to  boil  at  the  sea  level ; 
but  at  a  higher  altitude,  or  where  the  atmos- 
pheric pressure  is  reduced  artificially,  as  in  a 
partial  vacuum,  it  boils  and  produces  steam  at 
a  much  lower  temperature. 

Acting  upon  this  principle,  M.  Francy  takes 
a  reservoir  of  thin  steel,  we  cannot  call  it  a 
boiler,  for  it  has  neither  fireplace  nor  fire,  and 
introduces  water  at  a  temperature  of  200°  Fahr., 
and  then  covers  up  hermetically.  The  steam 
it  gives  off  at  once  fills  the  superincumbent 
space,  and  produces  a  pressure  of  15  atmos- 
pheres. As  soon  as  any  of  the  vapor  is  turned 
on  for  moving  the  machine  the  pressure  is  re- 
duced, and  the  water  then  begins  to  boil,  pro- 
ducing a  fresh  supply  of  steam.  Of  course  that 
process  is  but  of  limited  extent,  as,  at  the  com- 
mencement, the  liquid  only  contained  a  certain 
amount  of  heat,  which  is  gradually  diminished 
as  the  reproduction  of  steam  takes  place  at 
lower  temperature  by  the  exhaustion  of  the 
superincumbent  pressure.  So  far  a  machine  of 
thia  description  would  be  obviously  totally  in- 
adequate to  any  prolonged  journey.  But  for 
short  transits  it  has  been  found  extremely  ser- 
viceable. As  the  amount  of  pressure  required 
to  work  the  engine  is  only  five  atmospheres,  a 
series  of  valves  are  so  arranged  as  to  prevent  a 
greater  amount  of  force  issuing  from  the  reser- 
voir than  is  neoesBary,  and  thus  retaining  as  far 
as  possible  the  heat  originally  contained  in  the 
water.  The  driving  part  of  the  machinery  is 
nearly  identical  with  that  of  ordinary  locomo- 
tives, with  a  few  modifications,  with  the  purpose 
of  guarding  against  the  useless  waste  of  the 
heat  originally  introduced  into  the  reservoir. — 
Oali'jnani's  Messenger, 

A  Magic  Car.— Mr.  Blackburn,  of  14  Vic- 
toria Road,  Kensington,  has  invented  a  remark- 
able vehicle,  which  requires  no  horse  to  draw  it. 
The  body  is  in  the  form  of  a  dog-cart,  and  the 
arrangement  of  wheels  like  a  tricycle.  The 
motive  power,  concealed  in  the  body  of  the 
vehicle,  is  obtained  by  the  combustion  of  ben- 
zoline,  a  small  jet  of  which  is  admitted  into  a 
burner  about  the  size  of  an  ordinary  chimney- 
pot hat.  The  steam  passes  into  the  cylinders  of 
a  small  torpedo  engine,  which  rotates  a  hori- 
zontal shaft.  There  is  no  steam  given  off,  for  it 
is  recondensed  and  passes  back  into  the  tubular 
boiler.  The  weight  of  the  steam  power  is  about 
180  fibs.  On  lighting  the  benzoline  the  steam 
requires  no  attention  from  the  driver  during  a 
ride  of  many  hours.  The  driver,  by  applying 
his  foot  to  a  pedal,  can  regulate  the  speed,  and 
power  of  draft.  It  travels  at  the  rate  of  about 
eight  miles  an  hour,  and  is  easily  directed  in  its 
course. 


By  the  variouscheaponing  processes  which  have 
of  late  years  been  introduced  into  the  manufac- 
ture of  steel,  that  article  is  fast  supplanting  the 
use  of  iron  in  the  various  industries,  and  notably 
so  for  railroad  purposes,  Bessemer  steel  rails 
are  now  produced  nearly  as  cheap  as  iron.  It 
now  appears  to  be  only  a  matter  of  time,  and 
short  at  that,  when  llesseiner  and  Seimeus- 
Martin  steel  will  be  so  cheap  that  they  will 
tuke  the  plaoe  of  Vfonght-iron  for  almost  every 
purpose.  The  latwit  new  proposed  use  of  steel 
is  for  tiu  plate  makers,  who,  it  is  said,  are 
about  to  abandon  iron  for  that  purpose. 

The  Bessemer  steel  trade,  which  had  its 
origin  in  Kngland  rather  more  than  20  years 
ago,  still  continues  to  be  followed  more  largely 
in  that  country  than  any  other.  Of  about 
2,000,0000  tons  of  Bessemer  steel  now  annually 
produced  throughout  the  world,  Kngland  fur- 
nishes 7.">0,000  tons;  the  United  States,  525,000 
tons;  Franco.  201,874  tuns;  and  Germany,  242,- 
2fil  tons.  No  industry  in  modern  times  has 
sprung  up  so  suddonly  into  importance,  nor  has 
any  other  caused  greater  changes  in  the  way  of 
setting  aside  an  old  and  introducing  a  new 
order.  To  this  industry  in  supplanting  the  um 
of  iron  is  due  the  fact  that  thousands  of  fur- 
naces have  been  closed  up  and  tens  of  thousands 
of  workingmen  either  thrown  idle  or  trans- 
ferred to  other  occupations.  The  age  of  iron 
has  become  the  age  of  steel.  A  new  departure, 
long  threatened  and  greatly  feared,  has  been 
actually  accomplished. 

Composition  of  Bronze  for    Machinery. 

Much  industry  and  research  has  of  late 
been  bestowed  in  determining  what  mixture 
of  bronzes  is  best  suited  for  the  various  portions 
of  machinery,  and  to  meet  the  requirements  of 
each  special  case  and  purpose.  We  give  the 
following  as  the  composition  of  alloys  approved 
of  and  used  by  prominent  French  mechanics: 

MillNi   !l     M  \kl.\i:. 

Copper.  Tin.  Zinc. 

Tough  bronze  for  rods,  valves,  cocks, etc.  .8ts  12  2 

Very  tough  bronze  for  eccentric  straps.etc.90  10  2 

Bronze  fur  plumincr  blocks 86  14  2 

Hard  bronze 84  16  2 

Very  hard  bronze  for  shgavo  brass  cocks.  .82  18  2 

Bell  bronze 78  22  0 

Anti-friction    bronze    (with    eight    parts 

antimony) 4  90  0 

FRENCH    ItllLROADS. 

Car  pillows 82  18  2 

Locomotive  and  tender  oil  boxes 84  16  2 

"  slide  valves 82  18  2 

Cocks 88  12  2 

The  bronze  composed  of  80  copper,  14  tin  and 
2  zinc  is  least  porous,  and  therefore  is  most 
suitable  when  pressure  is  to  be  resisted. 

The  Iron  and  Steel  Product  of  the 
World. — A  French  statistician  has  furnished 
an  estimate  of  the  world'a  iron  product,  which 
shows  that  in  1870  the  whole  amount  footed  up 
at  15,785,730  tons  of  2,000  pounds.  The  coal 
miued  is  about  20  times  the  weight  of  pig  iron 
produced.  The  ratio  of  production  in  the  lead- 
ing iron-producing  countries  is  nearly  as  follows: 
Great  Britain,  4G£;  United  States,  17;  Germany, 
5&;  France,  10  1-5;  Belgium,  3  2-5;  Russia,  3; 
Austro-Hungary,  2  4-5;  Sweden,  2^.  The  iron 
product  of  the  United  States  for  1876  was 
2,000,550  tons,  or  about  125  pounds  for  every 
inhabitant.  The  estimate  gives  the  total  prod- 
uct of  all  countries  of  Bessemer  steel  for  1S76 
at  2,323,436  tons,  of  which  one-fourth  was  made 
in  the  United  States,  a  little  over  one-third  in 
Great  Britain,  not  quite  one-fifth  in  Germany, 
and  one-tenth  in  France.  The  total  steel  made 
in  1876  would  lay  22, 11G  miles  of  railway  track, 
allowing  20  pounds  to  the  foot  of  rail.  The 
present  rate  of  production  would  put  steel  rails 
upon  all  the  railways  in  the  world,  in  leas  than 
10  years. 

Preservation  of  Timber  for  Mining  and 
Railroad  Purposes. — It  is  remarkable  that  so 
little  has  been  done  in  this  country  with  the 
view  of  preserving  timber,  particularly  for  use 
in  mines  and  for  railroad  purposes.  The  mat- 
ter is  certainly  one  of  great  importance,  and  has 
an  important  bearing  upon  the  expenditure  of 
enormous  sums  of  money  every  year,  both  in 
railroad  construction  and  repairing  and  in  mines. 
A  very  elaborate  series  of  experiments  upon 
the  effect  of  various  preservatives  has  re- 
cently been  made  in  France,  the  result  of  which 
we  hope  soon  to  give.  These  experiments  have 
been  made  with  particular  reference  to  pre- 
serving timber  to  resist  the  heat  and  dampness 
of  deep  mines. 

A  New  composition  of  iron  and  steel  is  de- 
scribed in  the  Revue  fndi/ sir  telle.  A  cast-iron 
mold  is  divided  into  two  sections  by  means  of 
a  transverse  plate  of  thin  sheet  iron.  The  two 
metals  are  then  poured  into  the  respective 
compart  men  te.  The  sheet-iron  partition  pre- 
vents the  mixture  of  the  metals  and  facilitates 
the  welding  by  itself  being  brought  into  a  state 
of  fusion.  It  is  said  that  the  product  is  well 
adapted  for  safes,  and  that  it  resists  drills. 

Weaving  slag  wool  is  spoken  of  by  an  English 
paper  as  a  thing  accomplished  in  that  country 
by  Messrs.  Jones,  Dale  &  Co.  Strips  and  sheets 
are  made  of  it  which,  it  is  claimed,  do  very  well 
for  wrapping  steam  pipes. 

Eighty-two  hundred  feet  of  track  were  laid 
on  the  Southern  Pacific  railroad  in  Arizona, 
January  3d, 


iCIENTIFIC 


ROGRESS. 


The  Alleged  Dissociation  of  the  Elements. 

\\  a  made  some  reference,  in  our  issue  of  De- 
cember 28th,  to  the  reported  discovery  by  Prof. 
Loekyer  that  at  least  some  of  the  bodies  known 
as   elements  arc  in  reality    compound    bodies.' 

The  announcement  was  made  by  the  Professor 
in  the  following  words:  "Reasoning  from  anal- 
ogies furnished  by  the  behaviors  of  known  com- 
pounds, I  have  discovered,  that,  independently 
of  calcium,  many  other  bodies,  hitherto  consid- 
ered elements,  are  also  compound  bodies." 

Iu  alluding  to  this  alleged  discovery,  a  Lon- 
don paper,  Iron,  evidently  well  informed  in  re- 
gard to  the  character  of  Mr.  Lockyer's  investi- 
gations, ami  the  general  subject  matter,  says 
that  it  is  perfectly  easy  to  form  a  plausible 
spectroscopic  theory  to  the  effect  that  complex 
spectra  are  really  built  up  of  simpler  spectra, 
and  that  therefore,  the  elements  giving  complex 
spectra  are  probably  built  up  of  the  elements 
giving  the  simpler  ones.  Moreover,  the  atomic 
weights  can  be  so  treated  as  to  corroborate  this 
view.  Considerations  of  this  kind  might  easily 
give  rise  to  the  idea  of  the  dissociation  of  the 
elements;  of  the  transmutation  of  one  into 
another,  especially  within  certain  groups  of  re- 
lated elements.  Such,  for  instance,  as  calcium, 
strontium  and  barium;  lithium,  sodium  and 
potassium;  sulphur,  selenium  and  tellurium,  etc. 
So  much  interest  has  been  manifested  in  regard 
to  Prof.  Lockyer's  announcement,  that  we  have 
ventured  to  devote  a  large  space  in  this  depart- 
ment to  a  brief  review  of  past  speculations  in 
this  direction  by  scientists  of  acknowledged 
eminence. 

It  is  well  known  that  Faraday,  nearly  30 
years  ago,  intimated  the  probability  of  such  a 
discovery — even  without  the  hints  in  that  di- 
rection lately  given  out  by  the  spectroscope,  an 
instrument  which  that  noted  chemist  never 
lived  to  see.  Possibly  that  scientist  is  thought 
by  many  to  have  adopted  the  theory  far  more 
fully  than  he  really  did;  but  fortunately  we 
have  quite  a  full  record  of  what  his  speculations 
and  investigations  ip  this  direction  really  were, 
in  the  Chemical  Record  of  July  12th,  1851,  in 
an  interesting  paper  read  before  the  meeting  of 
the  British  Association  of  that  year  by  Mr.  Du- 
mas. That  gentleman  was  introduced  and  en- 
dorsed by  Prof.  Faraday,  who,  in  his  introduc- 
tion, in  alluding  to  the  reported  discovery  of  a 
new  metal,  remarked  that  he  was  almost  sorry 
to  welcome  any  more  new  metals,  as  his  hopes 
were  in  the  direction  of  proving  that  bodies 
called  simple  were  really  compound.  The  re- 
marks which  were  to  follow,  by  M.  Dumas,  the 
Professor  said,  were  on  certain  curious  relations 
between  volume  and  simple  weight,  which  ren- 
dered it  probable  that  certain  bodies,  called 
atomic,  were  really  compounds. 

M.  Dumas  commenced  by  remarking  upon  the 
difference  in  solubility  in  water  of  lime,  baryta 
and  magnesia.  Each  was  sparingly  soluble, 
but  magnesia  the  least  so;  while  in  the  form  of 
sulphates,  magnesia  was  the  most  soluble.  Why 
this  difference?  The  same  facts  were  true  in  re- 
gard to  the  two  chlorides  of  mercury. 

Again,  chemical  agency  is  the  result  of  force, 
which  force  was  at  once  indicated  and  measured 
by  combining  or  atomic  numbers;  which  were 
in  inverse  ratio  to  their  power  of  chemical 
agency.  Thus  the  atomic  or  combining  num- 
bers of  chlorine,  bromine  and  iodine,  were  re- 
spectively 35,  80,  125.  Of  this  triad,  chlorine 
would  displace  bromine;  bromine  would  dis- 
place iodine.  The  three  bodies,  too,  displayed 
other  symmetrical  gradations.  Thus  chlorine 
was  most  volatile,  and  iodine  least;  bromine 
being  intermediate;  and,  as  a  consequence  of 
the  last  deduction,  chlorine  was  least  dense, 
iodine  most,  and  bromine  intermediate. 

Thus  we  have  a  triad  or  series  of  three  bodies, 
displaying  under  three  several  aspects  a  symme- 
trical gradation.  As  chemistry  becomes  better 
developed  it  subjects  itself  to  the  scrutiny  of 
mathematical  investigation.  Can  mathematical 
investigation  be  applied  to  the  triad  of  chlorine, 
bromine  and  iodine?  And,  when  applied,  does 
it  give  a  result  accordant  with  incipient  specu- 
lation? The  atomic  numbers  of  chlorine, 
bromine  and  iodine,  evidently  supply  us  with 
the  fairest  data  on  which  to  exercise  our  calcu- 
lations. Now,  if  there  be  any  truth  in  these 
speculations,  the  atomic  or  combining  numbers 
of  the  three  bodies  in  the  triad  being  taken, 
half  the  sum  of  the  extremes  should  be  equal  to 
the  mean;  or  half  of  35,  the  atomic  number  fox 
chlorine,  plus  half  of  125,  the  atomic  number 
for  iodine  should  equal  80,  the  atomic  number 
for  bromine.  And  this  indeed  is  the  result,  as 
will  be  evident  on  reference  to  the  following 
simple  arithmetical  sum: 

Atomic  weight  of  chlorine 35 

Atomic  weight  of  iodine 125 

Sum 160 

Half  of  160=80,  the  atomic  weight  of  bromine. 
"Thus  it  follows,"  to  use  the  beautiful  ex- 
pression of  M.  Dumas,   "If  we   could  by  any  I 
means  cause  the  union  of  half  an  atom   of   chlo-  I 
rine  with  half  an  atom  of  iodine,  we  might  hope  - 


to  get,  to  form,  to  create  an  atom  of  bromine!" 
Leaving  the  triad  of  chlorine,  bromine  and 
iodine,  M.  Dumas  next  took  up  a  second  triad, 
of  sulphur,  selenium  and  tellurium;  bodies 
which  all  chemists  know  to  be  isomeric— or  ca- 
pable of  replacing  each  other  iu  compounds,  and 
to  be  endowed  with  properties  mutually  aual- 
agons.  Of  the  three,  sulphur  is  the  must  vol- 
atile, selenium  ne\t,  tellurium  least  of  all.  As 
to  their  decomposing  power,  .sulphur  replaces 
selenium;  selenium,  tellurium;  in  short,  tho 
remarks  already  applied  to  tho  triad  of  chlorine, 
bromine  and  iodine  will  apply-  lure. 

Do  tho  generalizations  of  M.  Dumas  apply? 
We  will  see. 

The  atomic  or  combining  weight  of  sulphur  is 
16;  of  tellurium,  04;  the  half  of  tho  sum  of 
these  extremes  is  the  number,  10 —and  this  ix 
the  exact  atomic  weight  of  the  middle  term  of 
the  triad — the  atomic  weight  of  selenium! 

Take,  again,  the  triad  calcium,  strontium  and 
barium.  Without  stopping  to  indicate  the  va- 
rious analogies  of  these  bodies,  it  will  sutlicc  to 
point  out  their  general  chemical  similarity.  In 
this  scale  of  analogous  qualities,  calcium  and 
barium  are  the  extremes,  strontium  is  the  mean. 
The  atomic  weights  of  the  three  are  as  follows: 
Calcium,  20;  strontium,  44;  barium,  OS. 

It  will  be  evident  at  a  glauce  that  there  is  here 
also  a  harmony  between  tho  chemical  qualities 
and  mathematical  exponent  of  their  combining 
proportion  as  before;  for  G8  plus  20  divided  by 
2  is  equal  to  44,  the  atomic  number  of  stron- 
tium. Thus,  to  again  use  the  expression  of  M. 
Dumas,  if  by  any  means  we  could  effect  the 
union  of  half  an  atom  of  barium  with  half  an 
atom  of  calcium,  we  should  have  as  a  resultant 
one  atom  of  strontium! 

Let  us  take  another  triad:  Lithium,  7;  So- 
dium, 23;  Potassium,  39.  The  similarities  be- 
tween the  properties  of  these  bodies  is  too  evi- 
dent to  be  pointed  out;  of  the  three,  lithium  is 
the  least  individualized  alkaline  metal;  potas- 
sium the  most  individualized;  sodium,  as  all 
know,  stands  intermediately  between  the  three; 
and  here  again,  as  the  most  casual  examination 
will  demonstrate,  tho  same  purity  of  chemieal 
and  mathematical  symmetry  holds  good. 

Now,  so  extraordinary  a  symmetry  of  chemi- 
cal qualities  with  mathematical  exponents  can 
scarcely  be  assumed  to  be  a  matter  of  chance; 
still  less  can  it  be  said  that  the  atomic  figures 
on  which  these  deductions  are  based  have  been 
strained  to  suit  the  opinions  of  M.  Dumas. 

M.  Dumas  followed  his  line  of  investigation 
from  inorganic  triads  into  those  of  organic  rad- 
icals, as  follows: 

Hitherto  we  have  been  confined  to  inorganic 
triads.  We  will  now  look  further  still  into  the 
recesses  of  chemical  philosophy.  It  will  be 
familiar  to  most  of  our  readers  that  many 
chemists  have  regarded  certain  bodies  of  com- 
pound nature  as  analogous  in  many  properties 
to  the  metals.  Of  this  kind  are  the  three  or- 
ganic radicals :  C2  H3  O  ;  Ci  H5  0;  Ce  H7  0  ; 
which  may  be  regarded  as  three  several  oxides 
of  an  isomeric  triad,*  bearing  analogy  to  those 
already  adverted  to  in  the  inorganic  world. 
Now,  the  slightest  examination  here  will  prove 
again  that  the  law  hitherto  applied  holds  good 
in  this  case.  Omitting  the  oxygen  in  the  three 
preceding  substances,  half  the  sum  of  the  ex- 
tremes will  be  equal  to  the  mean. 

From  the  above  M.  Dumas  suggests  as  a  gen- 
eral law:  "  When  three  bodies  having  qualities 
precisely  similar,  though  not  identical,  are 
arranged  in  succession  of  their  chemical  powers, 
there  will  be  also  a  successive  arrangement  of 
mathematical  powers,  indicated  by  the  respec- 
tive atomic  numbers  of  the  substances,  and 
amenable  to  every  ina*hematical  law." 

In  regard  to  these  illustrations  and  facts,  Mr. 
Dumas  further  remarked:  "That  this  sym- 
metry of  chemical  with  mathematical  function 
points  to  the  possibility  of  transmutation  is  un- 
questionable— yet  not  transmutation  in  the 
sense  of  the  old  alchemical  philosophy.  Chem- 
ists see  no  manifestatii  11s  of  a  tendency  of  being 
able  to  convert  lead  into  silver,  or  silver  into 
gold.  These  metals  are  not  chemically  con- 
formable. One  cannot  take  place  of  another  by 
substitution.  Thev  do  not  form  an  isomeric 
group.  The  probability  is  that  our  first  suc- 
cessful transmutaticn  as  regards  the  metals  will 
effect  the  change  of  phj  sical  state  merely,  with- 
out touching  chemical  composition;  thus  already 
we  have  carbon,  which,  as  the  diamond  and  as 
charcoal,  manifests  two  widely  different  states. 
Sulphur  also  assumes  two  forms,  as  also  does 
phosphorus.  Then,  why  not  a  metal  ?"  This 
sort  of  effect  Mr.  Dumas  suggests  will  be  among 
our  first  triumphs  in  the  way  of  dissociation  or 
transmutation. 

We  may  here  remark  that  in  a  lecture  deliv- 
ered soon  after  before  the  Koyal  Institution, 
Prof.  Faraday,  after  similarly  describing  these 
curious  arithmetical  relationship,  said:  "We 
seem  here  to  have  the  dawning  of  a  new  light, 
indicative  of  the  mutual  convertability  of 
certain  groups  of  elements,  although  under  con- 
ditions which  as  yet  are  hidden  from  our 
scrutiny. " 

Discovery  of  a  New  Mineral. — In  exam- 
ining a  specimen  of  ore  from  the  Silver  Islet 
mine,  on  the  north  shore  of  Lake  Superior, 
recently,  Prof.  Henry  Wurtz  discovered  that  it 
was  a  mineral  unknown  to  the  scientific  world. 
He  analyzed  it  and  found  it  contained  large 
proportions  of  silver  and  arsenic  mixed  with 
iron,  zinc,  cobalt  and  sulphur.  He  exhibited 
specimens  of  the  new  mineral,  at  a  reoent  meet- 
ing of  the  New  York  Academy  of  Sciences,  and 
gave  to  it  the  name  of  Huntilite,  in  honor  of  Dr. 
T.  Sterry  Hunt,  of  Montreal. 


20 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[January  n,  1879. 


Table  of  Highest  and  Lowest  [.Sales 
S.  F.  Stock  Exchange. 


Name  or 

Company. 


Week      Week    Week     Week 
Ending  Endins  Ending  Ending 

Dec.  li>.  Dee.  'Mi.  Jan.  «.  Jan. 


Alpha 

Alta 

Andes 

Alps 

Argenta 

Atlantic 

Aurora  Tunnel 

Baltimore  Con 

Belcher 

Belmont 

Beat  A  Belcher 

Bullion 

Bechtel 

Belle  Isle 

Bodie 

Benton 

Bulwer 

Boyle 

Black  Hawk 

Belvidere 

Booker 

Caledonia 

California 

Challenge 

Ohollar-Potosi 

Comanche 

Confidence 

Con  Imperial 

Con  Virginia 

Crown  Point 

Con  Washoe 

Champion 

Conoordia 

Dayton 

DeFrees 

Daney 

Day 

Eureka  Con 

Exchequer 

Endowment....  — 

Gen  Thomas 

Grand  Prize 

Gila 

Golden  Chariot 

Golden  Terra 

Goodshaw 

Gould&Curry 

Hale&  Norcross — 

Hillside 

Highbridge 

Homcstake 

Hussey 

Independence 

Julia 

Justice 

Jackson 

Joe  Scates 

KKCon 

Kentuck 

Kossuth 

Keystone 

Lady  Bryan 

Lady  Wash 

Leopard 

Leviathan 

Leeds 

Lee 

May  Belle 

Modoc 

Manhattan 

Martin  White 

McClinton 

Meadow  Valley 

Mexican 

Mides 

Morning  Star 

North  Con  Virginia, 

New  York 

Northern  Belle.... 

New  Coso 

Navajo 

Occidental 

Ophir 

Oriental 

Overman 

Panther 

Phenix 

Phil  Sheridan 

Prospect , 

Raymond  &  Ely 

Richer 

Rock  Island 

Rye  Patch 

Rough  &  Ready 

Savage. . 


50c 

4.10 
45c 

18J 

5 

60c 
30c 
131 

4.10 
16 

50c 

7.r>e 
80c 

2.80 
101 

1.65 


30c 
36 
3.90 


Sag  Belcher 

Sierra  Nevada 

Silver  Hill 

Silver  King 

Silver  Prize  

Succor 

Summit 

Scorpion 

Solid  Silver 

South  Bodie. 

South  Standard. . 

Star 

St.  Louis.. ....... 

Syndicate 

Tioga  Con 

Tiptop 

Trojan 

Union  Con 

Utah 

Vermont  Con 

Ward 

WellB- Fargo..... 

Woodville 

"White  Cloud 

Yellow  Jacket. . . 


3.90       3S'3.80       3i 
30c      10c,  60c     10c 


7i 
65c 
4 

31 

2.10 
15c 


1.30 

2.90 

3.91 

7 


11 
51 
50c 


31    2.702.90    2.60 


175  ISi 
41 '  5S 
50c  - 


17 
4.65 


75c  50c 

60c 

2.55  2i 

105  9i 

1.70  1.60 

471  381 


70c 

7:' 

3.61 


4.40 
35c 


5J 
40c     30c 

125 

21 

2.40 


3.90    3.70 
20c      15c 


1.05 

1 


311     271 


4  51 

60c  85c 

91  10 

25c  25c 

45c  50c 


361 


Ml 


50c 
1.05 

90c 

'46c 
25c 


1.60 
1} 
30c 
61 
15 


40c 
1.15 
1.15 

50c 

30c 
50c 


1.35 
25c 
551 
12? 


I  16       1311  15 


70c     50c 
15c 


11}  10! 
51  5 
65c     50c 


1.40  11 

',.30  3.80 

60c  .... 

18,  175 

7  5J 

60c  50c 

70c  .... 

9  75 

31  3 

15  10 

30c  i6c 

60c  .... 

50c  45c 

2.95  2.40 

111  10s 

2  lj 

46  411 


.?* 


10!  9 

85c  75c 

9*  81 

3.90  3.60 

3.10  2.10 


"J 
14S 
2.10 


30c  15c 

1.10  1.05 

4.15  31 

41  3.90 

9  7S 


101  95 

18  17 

431  375 

l!  1.30 
10 


25c 

1.30 

1 

50o 

25c 
50c 


20c 


1.40 
30c 
58 
Hi 


25c  .... 
321  31 
51        41 


7}       5j 
25c     15c 


5S    .... 
40c      30c 


4.85    3.95 
50c     20c 


75c  50c 

11  65c 

50c  .... 

65c  50c 


4$       4 
40c     25c 


90c     75c 
SI       84 


35J      33 

U      80c 


13}     10} 


1.20 
1.30 
60c 


75c     70c 
20c     15c 


16J      13} 


Sales  at  S.  F.  Stock  Exchange. 


Friday  A.  M.,  Jan.  3. 

50  Alta 5@5$ 

150  Andea. 60@55c 

55  Alpha 10S@10S 

10  EeBt  &  Belcher ^17j5 

1390  Bullion 6@5£ 

160  Belcher 3.80 

J330  Bantou 3@2.85 

600  Baltimore  Con 11 

885  Con  Virginia 8k*Si 

900  California lOltail 

85  Chollar 42@41J 

475  Crown  Point... 3. 65@3. 60 

310  Con  Imperial 75c 

510  Caledonia 2.40@2.4E 

45  Confidence 9 

10  Challenge 1J 

260  Exchequer 4i@4.30 

740  Gould&Curry 9\<.<1' 

330  Hale  &  Nor 12t@12j 

575  Justice 3 .  <Mh  <  l 

2435  Julia 4.15(«4 

40  Kentuck 4.85 

600  Kossuth 25c 

100  Lady  Wash 6§c 

375  Lady  Bryan W«u\m 

260  Leviathan 50c 

170  Mexican 32!®  33 

70  North CouVir.... 

145  N  Bonanza 

1620  New  York <.o,"7.V 

25  Overman Pi«'i>.' 

265  Ophir 3;V<:i.v 

265  Phil  Sheridan 25i<V;uie 

1B5  Sierra  Nevada....  i:.'.i"4;( 

275  Savage 11(/<K,: 

705  Silver  Hill 2@2J 

75  Solid  Silver 50o 

650  Trojan 30;.<::;>r 

285  Union  Con 53(r<5-S| 

75  Utah 11J 

200  WellH-Fargo 20c 

950  Ward 75<",M«j 

200  Yollow  Jacket 14 

AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

340  Argenta 2.70@M 

50  Albion 


250  Bechtel 60c 

215  Bodie 7?@S 

45  Belmont 60c 

670  Bulwer u 

360  Booker 50c 

90  Black  Hawk 30c 

80  C  Pacific lj 

100  Caledonia  (B  H) 1 

100  Day  25c 

35  Enreka  Con 32 

900  Endowment 30@35c 

500  Goodshaw 40c 

640  Grand  Prize 71@7i 

715  Hussey 30c 

200  Hillside 2.10 

600  Highbridge 2i@2.20 

500  Independence 1.10 

210  Jackson 8@7J 

10  Leopard 60c 

95  Manhattan 41(ffi4.35 

100  McClintoa .".25c 

230  Mono 2.90ta2.S0 

880  Martin  White 4i 

50  Meadow  Valley 20c 

100  Navajo 450 

20  Northern  Belle 92 

310  Paradise 1.90@2 

360  Real  Del  Monte 2 

520  Raymond  &  Ely 8(2>7E 

515  Summit 1J@1 .  45 

50  Star 50c 

200  Tiptop 1.30(5)11 

20  Tioga  Con 1.20 

Salimluy  A.  11.,  Jan.  4. 

130  Alpha 10f@101 

260  Alta. 5i@5| 

90  Andes 60c 

50  Albion u 

600  Argenta 2.65(f'2.60 

560  Best  &  Belcher.. 184@1S| 

1315  Bullion 04(i*6i 

400  Belcher 3 . 85(^3 .SO 

15  Bodie 8£@8i 

900  Baltimore  Con.. .1.40011 

125  Benton 308.10 

165  Bulwer 14i@15 

150  Black  Hawk 10c 


1299  Con  Virginia 9*©9 

665  California lli@Ul 

105  Confidence 9 

60  Chollar 450441 

235  Crown  Point.  ..3.6003.55 

800  Con  Imperial 75080c 

330  Challenge 1.6501.70 

1065  Caledonia 2102.40 

50  Con  Pacific 

100  Dudley .... 

260  Exchequer 4.30@4.40 

20  Eureka  Con ^32$ 


'.iiwiiV 


5J 

.i3i@i3^; 

30c 


670  Gould&Curry. 

1025  Grand  Prize... 

235  Gila 

80  Golden  Terra.. 
610  H& Norcross.. 
40  HusBey 

1140  Highbridge.... 

110  Hillside 

80  Independence 1 .  10 

690  Justice 4i@4.20 

1380  Julia 404.05 

125  Jaokaon 8109 

5  Kentuck 3.95 

500  Kossuth 50c 

390  L  Bryan 55050c 

900  Leviathan 55050c 

100  Lady  Wash 80c 

120  Leopard 50c 

300  Mexican 32J032 

220  M  White ,...404* 

160  Mono 2,  " 

250  Modoc 

100  McClinton 25c 

1030  New  York 75085. 

80  NConVir 5J051 

420  N  Bonanza 50055c 

50  Northern  Belle. 

80  Ophir 

305  Overman 9£ 

2200  Orimtal. 
110  PhilSheridan 30040c 

1075  Savage 120123 

50  Succor 20c 

160  Sierra  Nevada. . .  .420411 

1490  Silver  Hill 1, 

50  Solid  Silver ...50c 

150  St  Louis 50c 

200  Star 50c 

635  Summit li 

100  S  Bodie 25c 

125  Tioga  Con 1.10 

1400  Trojan 40035c 

150  Union  Con 57057' 

90  Utah 11; 

675  Ward 75@70c 

800  Wells-Fargo 15@20c 

745  Yellow  Jacket...  14}013J 

Monday  A.  III.,  Jan.  G. 

435  Alta -. 5i 

50  Andes 65c 

470  Alpha 103011 

310  Best  &  Belcher. .  .1810181 

1200  Baltimore  Con 1.40 

1140  Belcher 4J@4i 

2260  Bullion 7063 

870  Benton 303.05 

630  California 114 

1350  Con  Virginia 9109^ 

1570  Crown  Point 3303.90 

170  Con  Imperial 80075c 

1800  Con  Washoe 3.10 

275  Chollar 46044 

215  Challenge 1.6501.70 

120  Caledonia 2 .  8002 .  90 

300  Dardanelles 1 .15 

1600  Exchequer. 5(34. I__ 

775  Gould  &  Curry. .  .10i@10| 
735  Hale  &  Nor  m 

295  Justice , 

170  Julia 4J04.O5 

150  Kossuth 20c 

50  Kentuck 3.90 

400  Lady  Bryan 55c 

1500  Leviathan 55@60c 

135  Lady  Wash 90c 

345  Mexican 311032 

165  North  Con  Vir 5l@5£ 

765  N  Bonanza 9Oc01 

250  New  York 80c 

100  Occidental 

115  Ophir 351(c 

460  Overman 9J< 

100  PhilSheridan 

60  Solid  Silver 50c 

115  Savage ldi@13: 

125  Sierra  Nevada.... 413041* 
905  Silver  Hill 1. 8501. 90 

1330  Trojan 55@50c 

160  Utah IV 

210  Union  Con 57-L 

450  Wells  Fargo 20015c 

145  Ward 75c 

35  Yellow  Jacket 

AFTERNOON  SESSION, 

100  Aurora  T 40c 

205  Argenta 2.45021 

1050  Bodie 8109 

15  Bulwer 15 

200  Bechtel 60c 

200  Belle  Isle 20c 

300  Black  Hawk 20015c 

50  Booker 50c 

200  Caledonia  (B  H) 1 

75  C  Pacific 1.70 

250  Dudley 90c 

750  DeFrees 10c 

100  Eureka  Con 320321 

620  Endowment 35030c 

490  Grand  Prize 6g 

250  Gila 25c 

860  Goodshaw 3O04Oi 

1000  Highbridge 2.4502; 

50  Hussey 25c 

405  Independence..". 1,05 

50  Leeds 1 

170  Leopard 50c 

20  Manhattan 4 

380  Mono.. 

30  Modoc 50c 

570  McClinton 25030c 

20  Martin  White 4.10 

300  Northern  Belle 9J 

350  Navajo 40045c 

800  Oriental li 

600  Paradise 2 

450  Raymond  &  Ely 605 

10  Silver  King 8 

60  SXavier 1 

810  Summit 1  jftei  .40 

810  Star „\50c 

350  Tuscarora 10c 

125  Tioga  Con 1 

Tuesday  A.  '.!..  Jan.   7. 

110  Alpha 113 

215  Alta 5i@5i 

50  Andes 50c 

500  Baltimore  Con 11 

295  Best  &  Belcher...  1810181 

850  Belcher 4.2004.30 

2490  Bullion 7063 

370  Benton 3.2003 

845  California lli@llj 


300  Caledonia 2.95@2.90 

1025  Con  Virginia 9J@91 

610  Con  Imperial 80@85c 

170  Chollar 45@45i 

710  Crown  Point 3.90@3J 

200  Confidence 9 

70  Challenge 1.70 

1605  Exchequer. 43@4-65 

460  Flowery 50c 

905  Gould  &  Curry. . .  ,10@10i 

970  H  &  Norcross 14@13| 

145  Justice 4.15 

610  Julia 3.95 

200  Kentuck 3.90 

475  Lady  Bryan 55(a65c 

150  Lady  Wash. 80c 

2105  Mexican 31<^30J 

6ti0  New  York 80@90c 

2330  N  Bonanza 1<»11 

155  N  Con  Virginia 55 

360  Ophir 33@33j 

410  Overman 10f<*9S 

225  Occidental 75@65c 

50  Phil  Sheridan 35c 

145  Sierra  Nevada 41 

900  Savage 13i@13i 

270  Silver  Hill 12@1.80 

200  Sucpor 20@25c 

3320  Trojan 60(a50c 

55  Utah lli@lli 

165  Union  Con 56 

200  Wells-Fargo 15c 

1745  Ward 75c 

570  Yellow  Jacket... 145@14g 

AFTERNOON  SESSION, 

1000  Argenta.. -  -2.40 

125  Albion 50c@l 

390  Bodie S2@S£ 

30  Bechtel 50c 

1100  Belle  Isle.. 20c 

165  Black  Hawk 20c 

240  Belvidere 60c 

370  Booker 50(ff45c 

90  CPacific 1$ 

20  Dudley 90c 

365  Eureka  Con 32J@321 

150  Gila 20c 

1010  Grand  Prize 5g@5g 

600  Goodshaw 35c 

230  Hussey 25c 

75  Hamburg li 

800  Highbridge 2J@2.30 

550  Hillside 2@2.10 

575  Independence.. 1.05(Q>1. 10 

340  Jackson 9@S1 

25  Leopard 50c 

600  Leeds 1 

435  Mono 3@2.90 

170  Manhattan 4@4i 

250  McClinton 30(®40c 

50  MWhite 4.05 

40  Northern  Belle 9J 

980  Navajo 45@35c 

1170  Oriental li@1.15 

150  Paradise 2@2.05 

370  Raymond&Ely....5iJ@5i 

500  S  Standard 25c 

695  Summit U@1.40 

300  Tiptop li 

170  Tioga  Con 1.10 

Wt'd'sdiiyA.  M.,  Jan.  8. 

15  Alpha llj 

510  Alta 5J@5 

50  Audee 50c 

675  B&B 18£@18i 

1490  Bullion 63@6? 

535  Belcher 4<W3.90 

790  Beuton 31@34 

500  Baltimore  Con.  ..1.40iroli 

1   10  Chollar 44 

210  Con  Virginia 85(^8* 

315  California ll@10i 

485  Crown  Point... 3. 70<a3. 60 

590  Caledonia 23<afl2.80 

820  Con  Imperial 8tKj»75c 

150  Con  Washoe 2.10 

20  Confidence 9 

150  Challenge 1.70@1.6O 

1220  Exchequer 4£(£4.60 

200  Flowery 50c 

300  Gould  &  Curry 9f 

155  Hale  &  Nor 13@13j. 

175  Justice 4.05tff4 

1725  Julia 3.40@3i 

5  Kentuck 4 

100  Kossuth 20c 

100  KStar 2J 

860  Lady  Bryan 70@65c 

55  Lady  Wash 1 

1450  Leviathan 60@65c 

475  Mexican 31(g303 

2370  N  Bonanza li@lj 

250  New  York 75c 

210  North  Con  Vir 63@6 

425  Overman 9J@9i 

115  Ophir 33j 

150  Occidental 65c 

360  Phil  Sheridan 40c 

200  Succor 25o 

50  Solid  Silver 50c 

170  St  Louis 40@50c 

200  Sutro 20c 

215  Savage 123 

675  S  Nevada 42J@43| 

400  Silver  Hill U@1.60 

2200  Trojan 50@45c 

490  Utah Hi 

285  Union 56i@56J 

700  Wells-Fargo 15@20c 

380  Ward 70c 

290  Yellow  Jacket. . .  .145(515 

AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

900  Argenta. 2.20@2i 

325  Albion 1 

760  Bodie S|j@Sl 

380  Bechtel 60@55c 

250  Black  Hawk 20c 

100  CPacific 1.80 

50  Dudley 85c 

25  Eureka  Con 32@31 

600  Endowment 30c 

100  Golden  Terra 59 

635  Grand  Prize. 5g 

300  Goodshaw 35c 

50  Gila 15c 

150  Hussey 15c 

150  Hillside 2.10 

450  Highbridge 2J@2.20 

100  Jackson 8i@8 

300  Leeds 1 

250  Martin  White 4 

120  Modoc 50c 

30  Manhattan 4i 

250  McClinton 40c 

320  Northern  Belle 9@8£ 

400  Navajo 40c 

640  Oriental 95c@1.05 

100  Paradise 2.10 

350  Raymond  &  Ely...6i@6g 

300  Summit li 

440  Star 50c 

500  Tuscarora 5c 

70  Tioga  Con 1.20@1.15 

250  University 1 


SALES  OF   LAST  WEEK   AND   THIS  COMPARED 


Tlmrsd'y  A.  M.,  Jan.  2.  Thursday  A.  M 

110  Alpha 101    "~" 

605  Alta 5@bl 

90  Best&  Belcher 18 

390  Belcher 33@3.80 

2145  Bullion 4.80@5 

295  Benton.... 2.90@3 

1790  California 103@10i 

11S5  Con  Virginia 7g@8i 

360  Crown  Point.. .3. 60(^3. 65 

80  Cbollar ' 

75  Con  Imperial... 
310  Confidence 

40  Caledonia 2.40 

100  Challenge 1.65 

300  Dardanelles 1.10 

225  Exchequer 4.20 

95  Gould&Curry 9(S9; 

155  Hale  &  Nor ill 

585  Justice 3.65 

2U0  Julia 4.70@4.90 

20  Lady  Wash ....70c 

100  Lady  Bryan 70( 

1075  Leviathan 45@50i 

100  Morning  Star. . , 
355  Mexican 


Jan.  9. 

405  Alta 5i@5S 

220  Alpha 12(a>ul 

985  Best&  Belcher.. 20i<*2K 

1535  Bullion 7i@7g 

350  Belcher 4.10(«4.15 

400  Benton 33@3.90 

1275  Caledonia 2|@2.60 

860  Con  Imperial 85(&80c 

285  California 10i@10i 

835  Challenge 1.90(ff2 

1285  Con  Virginia 81@S£ 

160  Confidence MftClOg 

90  Chollar 45 

240  Crown  Point... 3. 80@3. 90 
300  Dardenellea 1.15 

1105  Exchequer 5@5i 

400  Flowery 50@40c 

1225  Gould&Curry. ...ll@Hfi 

485  Hale  &  Nor 141 

245  Justice .4.15@4i 

1595  Julia 3i@3.70 

275  Kentuck 4 

515  LadyWash. 1.20@11 

320  L  Bryan 75(5)70c 

650  Leviathan 


MINING  SHAREHOLDERS'  DIRECTORY. 

Compiled  every  Thursday  from  Advertisements  in  Mining  and  Scientific  Press  and  other  S.  F.  Journal 
ASSESSMENTS-STOCKS  ON  THE  LISTS  OF  THE  BOARDS. 


Company. 

Alta  S  M  Co 
Aurora  T  &  M  Co 
Belmont  M  Co 
Belvidere  M  Co 
Benton  Con  M(Co 
Best  &  Belcher  M  Co 
Bullion  M  Co 
Caledonia  S  M  Co 
Champion  M  Co 
Crown  Point  G  &  S  M  Co 
Endowment  M  Co 
E.|iiit;ibleT&M  Co 
Gould  &  Curry  S  M  Co 
Hale  &  Norcross  S  M  Co 
K  K  Consolidated 
Leopard  M  Co 
Lady  Bryan  M  Co 
Martin  White  M  Co 
McCrackin  Con  M  Co 
Modock  Con  M  Co 
Mono  M  Co 
North  Bonanza  M  Co 
North  Con  Virginia  M  Co 
Panther  M  Co 
Resolute  T  &  M  Co 
Savage  M  Co 
Scorpion  S  M  Co 
Silver  Hill  M  Co 
Succor  M  &  M  Co 
Tioga  Con  M  Co 
Tuscarora  M  &  M  Co 
Vermont  Con  M  Co 
William  Penn  M  Co 


Location.  No. 

Nevada  13 

California  2 

Nevada  19 

California  2 

Nevada  1 

Washoe  13 

Nevada  8 

Nevada  25 

CaUfornia  1 

Nevada  36 

Nevada  2 

Utah  19 

Nevada  34 

Nevada  60 

Nevada  7 

Nevada  9 

Nevada  1 

Nevada  5 

Arizona  2 

California 

Bodie 

Nevada 


7 
2 

1 
14 
Nevada"   10 

California  1 
Nevada  36 
Nevada  4 
Nevada  5 
Nevada    21 

California  4 
Nevada  2 
Nevada  2 
Nevada     4 


Amt.  Levied. 

1  00  Dec  10 

20  Dec  7 

50  Nov  27 

20  Dec  7 

50  Dec  11 

1  00  Jan  3 

1  00  Dec  3 

50  Nov  15 

25  Nov  22 

1  00  Dec  12 

25  Nov  21 

05  Nov  7 

1  50  Nov  18 

50  Dec  10 

1  00  Jan  3 

50  Jan  3 

50  Jan  2 

1  50  Dec  14 

50  Oct  22 

50  Nov  14 

50  Jan  8 

50  Dec  6 

1  00  Nov  21 

10  Jan  2  . 

10  Dec  28 

1  00  Dec  4 

10  Dec  3 

50  Jan  3 

50  Dec  19 

20  Dec  20 

05  Nov  13 

15  Dec  7 

03  Nov  22 


Delinq'nt.    Sale. 


Jan  13 
Jan  10 
Jan  3 
Jan  20 
Jan  15 
Feb  6 
Jan  7 
Dec  20 
Dec  27 
Jan  16 
Dec  30 
Jan  2 
Dec  23 
Jan  15 
Feb  6 
Feb  6 
Feb  2 
Jan  21 
Jan  16 
Dec  23 
Feb  12 
Jan  10 
Dec  37 
Feb  6 
Feb  3 
Jan  7 
Jan  18 
Feb  6 
Jan  21 
Jan  21 
Dec  19 
Jan  9 
Jan  23 


Jan  31 
Feb  15 
Jan  27 
Feb  20 

Feb  3 
Feb  26 
Jan  29 
Jan  10 
Jan  16 

Feb  6 
Jan  21 
Jan  21 
Jan  14 

Feb  7 

Mar  5 
Mar  28 
Feb  24 
Feb  21 
Feb  15 
Jan  13 

Mar  4 
Jan  28 
Jan  17 
Feb  28 

Mar  3 
Jan  27 
Feb  10 
Feb  28 

Feb  10 

Feb  13 
Jan  13 
Jan  29 

Feb  9 


Secretary. 
W  H  Watson 
C  V  D  Hubbard 
J  WPew 
CVD  Hubbard 
W  H  Watson 
W  Willis 
Joseph  Grass 
R  Wegener 
Jno  Crockett 
James  Newlands 
R  H  Brown 
S  Healy 
A  K  Durbrow 
J  F  Ligbtner 
B  B  Minor 
R  H  Brown 
C  V  Hubbard 
J  J  Scoville 
H  A  Whiting 
J  WPew 
W  H  Lent 
W  W  Stetson 
G  C  Pratt 
J  WPew 
J  L  Fields 
E  B  Holmes 
O  E  Spinney 
WE  Dean 
W  H  Watson 
W  H  Lent 
M  E  Sperling 
E  F  Stone 
O  J  Humphrey 


Place  of  Bcbin&ss 

'302  Montgomery  at 

312  California  at 

310  Pine  at 

312  California  st 

302  Montgomery  at 

309  Montgomery  Bt 

418  California  st 

414  California  Bt 

203  Bush  at 

203  Bush  at 

327  Pine  st 

45  Merchant's  Ex 

309  Montgomery  st 

58  Nevada  Block 

310  Pine  at 

327  Pine  Bt 

Cosmopolitan  Hotel 

59  Nevada  Block 
211  Sansome  st 

310  Pine  at 

309  Montgomery  st 

309  Montgomery  at 

309  Montgomery  st 

310  Pine  st 

240  Montgomery  at 

309  Montgomery  at 

31U  Pinest 

203  Bush  st 

302  Montgomery  Sfc 

327  Pine  st 

309  California  b> 

306  Pine  st 

328  Montgomery  st 


OTHER  COMPANIES-NOT  ON  THE  LISTS  OF  THE  BOARDS. 


Arizona  S  M  Co 
Black  Hawk  G  M  Co 
Buckeye  G  &  S  M  Co 
Catawba  M  Co 
Carmelo  Bay  Coal  Co 
Challenge  Con  M  Co 
Cherokee  Flat  Blue  Grav  Co 
Colorado  River  C  &  G  M  Co 
Eagle  S  M  &  M  Co 
Father  DeSmet  Con  G  M  Co 
Hazard  Gravel  M  Co 
Lodi  M  Co 
Loyal  Lead  G  M  Co 
Magalia  G  M  Co 
Mayflower  M  Co 
McClinton  M  Co 
McMiUen  S  M  Co 
Mineral  Fork  M  &  S  Co 
Nevada  Gravel  M  Co 
Noonday  M  Co 
Oriental  Con  G  &  S  M  Co 
Orion  M  Co 
ru-ia-les  G  &  8  M  Co 
Queen  Bee  M  Co 
Summit  M  Co 
Summit  G  M  Go 
Tiger  M  Co 
Wall  Street  Q  M  Co 


Nevada  4 

California  4 

Nevada  19 

California  1 

California  2 

Nevada  1 

California  40 

Arizona  3 

Nevada  11 

Dakota  2 

California  2 

Nevada  1 

California  2 

California  1 

California  2 

California  2 

Arizona  1 

Utah  1 

California  5 

California  1 

California  1 

California  4 

Nevada  2 

California  1 

California  6 

California  1 

Arizona  2 

California  4 


1  00  Dec  9 

25  Dec  10 

50  Nov  25 

20  Jan  3 

25  Dec  20 

20  Nov  22 

05  Dec  20 
50  Nov  29 
10  Nov  30 

1  00  Nov  13 

06  Dec  9 
25  Nov  20 
60  Dec  18 
10  Nov  22 
15  Dec  7 
25  Dec  24 
25  Nov  22 
02  Oct  31 
05  Dec  12 
10  Jan  2 
50  Nov  19 
25  Dec  12 
05  Dec  21 
2»  Dec  2 
05  Nov  19 
50  Nov  27 

1  00  Oct  21 

10  Nov  23 


Jan  13 
Jan  11 
Dec  27 
Feb  6 
Feb  20 
Dec  23 
Jan  28 
Jan  2 
Jan  7 
Dec  18 
Jan  8 
Jan  7 
Jan  20 
Dec  27 
Jan  4 
Jan  28 
Feb  10 
Dec  7 
Jan  15 
Feb  6 
Dec  23 
Jan  13 
Jan  24 
Jan  G 
Jan  6 
Jan  6 
Dec  10 
Dec  23 


Feb  3 
Jan  28 
Jan  16 
Feb  24 
Mar  20 
Jan  14 
Feb  18 
Jan  18 
Jan  28 
Jan  15 
Jan  24 
Jan  27 
Feb  11 
Jan  16 

Feb  4 
Feb  18 
Mar  6 
Jan  30 

Feb  5 
Feb  27 
Jan  13 
Jan  28 
Feb  18 
Jan  27 

Feb  4 
Jan  28 
Jan  20 
Jan  15 


W  Willis 

B  S  Kellogg 

C  A  Sankey 

B  S  Kellogg 

John  Greil 

W  E  Dean 

R  N  Van  Brunt 

H  A  Whiting 

R  H  Brown 

T  Widmann 

J  T  McGeoghehan 

O  J  Humphrey 

P  M  McLaren 

T  A  White 

J  Morizio 

W  H  Lent 

A  O  McMeana     24 

Otto  Metchko 

J  Penteeoat 

G  A  Holden 

F  C  Mosebacb. 

P  Conklin 

WL  Oliver 

T  A  White 

J  W  Clark 

W  H  Lent 

W  H  Lent 

D  K  Tripp 


309  Montgomery  at 

306  Pine  st 

331  Montgomery  at 

306  Pine  st 

636  Washington  st 

203  Bush  sf, 

318  Pine  st 

211  Sansome  at 

327  Pine  Bt 

404  Montgomery  et 

318  Pine  st 

328  Montgomery  st 

318  Pine  Bt 

113Leidesdorffsb 

'328  Montgomery  at 

327  Pine  st 

Safe  Deposit  Build 

328  Montgomery  st 

511  California  st 

310  Pine  Bt 

327  Pine  st 

28  Sansome  st 

328  Montgomery  at 

113  LeidesdorrT  st 

318  Finest 

327  Pine  st 

327  Pine  st 

401  California  st 


MEETINGS  TO  BE  HELD. 


Name  of  Company. 

Argenta  M  Co 
Aurora  Tunnel  M  Co 
California  M  Co 
Gila  SM  Co 
Iowa  M  Co 
Jefferson  M  Co 
Kossuth  M  Co 
Manhattan  Coal  MCo 
Natoma  W  &  M  Co 
Nevada  Gravel  M  Co 
Oriental  Con  M  Co 
Raymond  &  Ely  M  Co 
Raymond  &  Ely  S  M  Co 
Sierra  Nevada  S  M  Co 


Location. 
Nevada 
Nevada 
Nevada 

Nevada 

Nevada 
Neyada 

California 

California 

Nevada 

Nevada 

Nevada 


Secretary. 
R  H  Brown 
C  V  Hubbard 
C  T  Gordon 
W  W  Parrish 
J  H  Leonard 
0  A  Sankey 
E  F  Stone 
Henry  Jung 
H  P  Livermore 
J  Pentecost 
H  C  Hinnian 
J  W  Pew 
J  W  Pew 
W  W  Stetson 


Office  in  S.  F. 

327  Pine  st 

Cosmopolitan  Hotel 

309  Montgomery  st 

328  Montgomery  st 

607  Kearny  st 

331  Montgomery  at 

306  Pine  st 

306  Market  st 

531  Market  st 

511  California  st 

327  Pine  st 

310  Pine  st 

310  Pine  st 

309  Montgomery  st 


Annual 
Annual 
Annual 
Annual 
Annual 
Annual 
Annual 
Annual 
Annual 
Annual 
Annual 
Special 
Annual 
Annual 


LATEST  DIVIDENDS— WITHIN    THREE    MONTHS 


Namb  cf  Company. 

Bodie  G  M  Co 
California  M  Co 
Excelsior  W  &  M  Co 
Eureka  Con  M  Co 
Golden  Star  M  Co 
Indian  Queen  M  &  M  Co 
Independence  M  Co 
New  York  Hill  G  M  Co 
Silver  King  M  Co 
Standard  G  MCo 


Location. 

California 
Nevada 

California 
Nevada 
Arizona 

California 
Nevada 

Arizona 
California 


Secretary. 
W  H  Lent 
C  P  Gordon 
G  P  Thurston 
W  W  Traylor 
J  W  Morgan 
A  K  Durbrow 
R  H  Brown 
F  J  Herrmann 
W  H  Boothe 
W  Willis 


Office  in  S.  F. 

327  Pine  st 

23  Nevada  Block 

315  California  st 

37  Nevada  Block 

318  Pine  at 

69  Nevada  Block 

327  Pine  st 

418  Kearny  at 

320  California  st 

309  Montgomery  st 


Amount. 

1  00 
1  00 

3  00 
25 
25 
25 
25 


Date 
Jan  13 
Jan  20 
Jan  15 
Jan  13 
Jan  14 
Jan  23 
Jan  20 
Jan  14 
Jan  21 
Jan  14 
Jan  21 
Jan  28 
Jan  28 
Jan  15 


Payable 
Dec  14 
Jan  16 
Dec  20 
Dec  20 
Dec  9 
Dec  17 
Nov  20 
Oct  24 
Oct  22 
Jan  13 


400  New  York 60c 

850  N  Bonanza 30@50c 

100  North  Con  Vir & 

190  Ophir 35@35 

130  Overman ft 

1200  Phil  Sheridan 25c 

305  Sierra  Nevada 41@42 

415  Savage 9i@10 

200  Succor 20c 

5  Seg  Belcher 

500  Senator. 15c 

1580  Silver  Hill 1£@1} 

350  Scorpion 50c 

140  Solid  Silver 50c 

200  Trojan 30c 

350  Union  Con 57i@58 

60  Utah 11 

1335  Ward 95cC" 

260  Wells-Fargo 35c 

30  Yellow  Jacket 133 

AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

1229  Argenta. 2.65(32.70 

1230  Bulwer 14 

310  Bodie 7j@7[ 

850  Bechtel 60c 

100  Belmont 60c 

200  Booker 50c 

100  Belvidere 50c 

25  CPacific U 

100  Day 25c 

160  Dudley 1 

350  DeFrees 15c 

365  Eureka  Con 32 

660  Goodshaw 35@40c 

630  GrandPrize ""' 

5  Golden  Terra 

100  Hussey 25c 

250  Highbridge .21 

175  Independence..  1.10@1. 15 

150  Jackson 18 

210  Leopard 60c 

500  Leeds 11 

900  Mono 2f 

200  Manhattan 4c 

45  M  "White 4[ 

100  Modoc .55c 

235  Northern  Belle. . .  " 

230  Oriental 65@75c 

600  Paradise 2 

100  South  Standard 20c 

400  Summit lj(a>l  .35 

100  Sitting  Bull 50c 

100  Star 50c 

250  Tioga  Con 1.1""" 


85  Mexican 

150  Mides 50c 

100  Morning  Star 3 

100  New  York 70c 

230  N  Con  Virginia 6@fiJ 

815  N  Bonanza 1J@1.45 

165  Ophir 34@335 

100  Overman 9| 

100  Occidental 70c 

260  Sierra  Nevada 43 

325  Savage 13^132 

10  See  Belcher. 20 

1330  Silver  Hill 2@1.55 

100  Succor 30c 

680  Solid  Silver 59c 

1020  Trojan 50c 

65  Utah 133<ttl3jt 

360  Wells-Fargo 20@15c 

750  Ward 75@80c 

300  Yellow  Jacket.... 16@16i 

AFTERNOON  BEHSION. 

2475  Argenta 1.30@1.60 

300  Belmont 55c 

125  Belvidere 50c 

100  Belle  Isle 15c 

340  Bodie 8j 

50  Black  Hawk 25c 

20  Booker 40c 

10  Bulwer 14i 

100  Bechtel 55c 

170  C  Pacific 13@1.80 

200  Dudley 75c 

640  Eureka  Con 311 

485  Grand  Prize 5J@5i 

350  Goodshaw 35@30c 

600  Highbridge 12@2 

50  Hillside 2.10 

510  Independence 1.05 

90  Jackson 8 

325  Modoc 50c 

430  Martin  White  . . .  .3.90@4 

80  Mono 24 

25  McClinton 40c 

225  Northern  Belle 8@8i 

50  Navajo 45c 

300  Oriental 75c 

600  Paradise 2.20 

10  Raymoud&Ely 63 

300  Summit 1.60 

300  Star 50c 

225  Tioga U 

500  Tuscarora 5c 

300  University 1 


California  Board —Latest  Sales. 


Wcd'silny  A.  MM  Jan.  8. 

30  Alta 5J 

130  Andes 50c 

400  Atlantic .80@81Jc 

HOOOAtlas 124c 

100  Almaden  Q 30c 

60  Best  &  Belcher  .  .18g@18£ 

45  Belcher 4.10 

90  Bullion 6fl@6.60 

50  California ll@lli 


20  Chollar 43 

30  Con  Virginia 93 

200  Cosmopolitan 20c 

200  Con  Imperial 75c 

55  CrowuPoint 3.65@3{j 

15  Caledonia 2B 

190  Exchequer 4.30@4.40 

20  GrandPrize 5i 

50  Gould  &  Curry 93@9g 

55  Hale  &  Norcross.  13J@13g 


70  Justice 4.15(S4| 

30  Julia 3i@3.40 

150  Koaauth 20c 

200  Leviathan  .....' 65c 

400  Mint 19(320c 

50  Mexican 31i<ep3I 

200  Mt  Hood 1210150 

130  New  York 80c 

300  N  Sierra  Nevada 5c 

200  North  Carson 21c| 

30  Ophir 33* 

20  Overman 93 

30  Savage 12j| 

400  S  Europa 90c<3>l 

400  Santiago Kai*1 

1200  Trojan 40«?46c 

1200  UFlag 2c 

150  Ward 70c 

100  Wash  Bon 20c 

30  Yellow  Jacket 14J 

AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

105  Alexander 11@111 

1800  Atlanta 14c 

1075  Atlas 121c 

30  Alpha Hi 

225  Almaden  Q 20@15c 

50  Alt* 5 

50  Bullion 7@7S 


Best  &  Belcher. . .  18i@18i 

Belcher 4@4.l0 

Benton 3! 

Con  Virginia H@ty 

Crown  Poiiit...3.85@3.80 

Con  Imperial 80c 

California 11@114 

Challenge H 

Chollar 44 

Caledonia 2J 

Exchequer 43^4.60 

Gould  &  Curry...  10>>  10/. 

Hale  &  Nor 13^13$ 

Julia 3J(*3.40 

Justice 31 

Kossuth 19c 

Mexican 32 

Mono 21 

Mint 19c 

North  Carson 24c 

NScorpion 25@15c 

Ophir 341 

Savage 13j 

Sierra  Nevada 44 

Silver  Hill 1.55(618 

Trojan 400:50c 

Union  Con 57(357} 

Yellow  Jacket 14| 


Pacific  Board— Latest  Sales. 


VFcd'sday  A.  M.,  Jan.  8. 

120  Alpha Ill 

100  Alta 5. 

255  Belcher 3.95 

425  Best  &  Belcher.  ..18ji®18f 

540  Bullion tijj<a& 

220  Con  Virginia S^@8j 

550  Caledonia 2j@2.80 

1320  Con  Imperial 8l@79c 

130  Crown  Point 3.70 

215  California ll@10g 

330  Exchequer 4.55@4j 

20  GrandPrize 5 

250  Gould  &  Curry. . .  .10@101 

370  Hale&Nor 12J@133 

610  Julia 3.30@3g 

40  Justice 

310  Mexican 303(5     . 

20  New  York 75c 

25  N  Bonanza lj 

460  Ophir 34@34! 

90  Overman 10@9i 

150  Savage 12g<£13 

25  Seg  Belcher 20 

140  Sierra  Nevada.... 43@43j 

15  Silver  Hill 1.55 

800  Trojan 45c 

120  Utah llg@lli 

20  Union  Con 57 

75  Yellow  Jacket... 1450151 


A  FTERNOON  SESSION. 

70  Alta 5i@54 

20  Andes 55c 

15  Belcher 4j<*4.10 

10  Beat  &  Belcher 191 

200  Benton 3J03J 

30  California 11 

5  Con  Virginia 9 

75  Con  Imperial 79@80c 

55  Caledonia 2.80@2.85 

55  Exchequer  4J@4.85 

30  Eureka  Con 321 

50  Flowery 50c 

80  Gould  &  Curry lOg 

10  Hale&  Nor 14 

20  Justice 4.05 

230  Julia 3i@3.45 

100  LadyWash 1.10 

50  Mackey 1J 

55  N  Bonanza 1.45 

55  North  Con  Vir 6 

10  Ophir 311 

60  Overman 101@10 

100  PhilSheridan 50c 

50  Savage 131 

20  Sierra  Nevada . . .  .44@43J 

150  Silver  Hill 1.65@1.70 

270  Trojan 47@48c 

120  Ward 74(*75o 

55  Yellow  Jacket 151 


The  Times- Review  describes  the  late  exceed- 
ingly rich  strike  in  the  500  level  of  the  Grand 
Prize. 


January  it,  1879. 1 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


21 


INING     SUMMARY. 


The  Bodie  Mine  Owners  Probably  Safe. 

Geo.  A.  Notirse  writes  to  the  ButUiin  on  the 

■ubiect  of  the  Bodie  land  titles.  It  has  been, 
■"J  I      Tlie  fulluwuij;  iw  mostly  condensed  (rum  Journals  i>ub- 

he  says,  many  years  a  question  in  the  land  offices  llahed  in  the  interior,  in  proximity  to  ihoininujmentiuawJ. 
and  eourts  whether  the  United  States  act  grant- 
ing the  10th  and  36th  scutum  of  each  township 
to  the  State  for  school  purpose?,  would  hold 
good  when  those  sections  included  mineral  lauds. 
In  Higgina  \».  Houghton  the  Supreme  Court 
of  California  duriug  the  April  term  of  1804  held 
emphatically  that  the  10th  and  36th  sections 
went  to  the  State  under  any  circumstances, 
whatever  their  character.  The  case  of  Sherman 
vs.  Burch  has  been  cited  as  affirming  this  decis- 
ion. That  is  a  mistake,  for  in  this  case  the 
laud  in  dispute  was  agricultural,  not  mineral 
Our  legislature  has  claimed,  in  accordance  with 
the  Higgina  and  Houghton  decision,  in  the  "act 
regulating  the  sale  of  mineral  lands  belonging 
to  the  State,"  approved  March  28th,  1874. 

The  case  moat  in  point  is  thus  stated  by  Mr. 
Nourse. 

This  question  came  up  in  the  United  States 
Land  i  imce,  in  the  matter  of  the  application  of 
thu  "Keystone"  and  other  mining  corporations 
for  patents  from  the  Uuited  States  for  their 
mines  and  mining  claims.  These  were  in  Ama- 
dor county,  on  a  section  36. 

One  Henry  Casey  had  applied  to  purchase 
from  the  State  the  half  of  the  section  3C,  which 
embraced  these  mines,  and  the  State  of  Califor- 
nia, through  him  and  his  counsel,  opposed  the 
issue  of  patents  to  the  mining  companies  on  the 
ground  that  the  title  of  the  whole  section  had 
already  veated  in  the  State  of  California  by  the 
school  land  grant  of  all  sections  lb*  and  36.  No 
means  were  left  unemployed  to  impress  this 
view  upon  the  United  States  land  officers. 

As  attorney  for  the  mining  companies,  I 
claimed,  among  other  points,  that  mineral  lands 

in  sections  16  and  36,  do  not  pass  by  virtue  of 
that  grant,  but  remain  the  property  of  the 
United  States.  After  a  contest  of  great  bitter- 
ness the  decisions  of  the  Land  Department  of 
the  United  States,  sustained  this  view. 

The  United  States  Register  and  Receiver  at 
Sacramento,  the  Commissioner  of  the  General 
Land  Office  of  the  United  States,  and  finally, 
the  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  sustained  the 
claims  of  the  mining  corporations,  after  full  and 
elaborate  argument  at  each  stage  of  the  proceed- 
ings, adopting  this  view  of  the  operation  of  the 

school  land  grants. 

After    the  mining   companies   had   obtained 

their  United    States   patents,    the    grantee   of 

Cary  D.  W.  Gillett,  armed  with  a  State  patent 

for   the  half   section,  brought  suit   against  the 

"Keystone   Con.  M.    Co.,"  in  the  Twelfth   Dis 

trict  Court,  for   the   possession  of   their  mine, 

which  had  been  in  possession  of  themselves  and 

their  grantees  for  over  20  years. 

Theaction  was  transferred  to  the  United  States 

Circuit   Court   (the   plaintiff  being  a  citizen  of 

New  York),  and  was  tried  during  the  past  year 

before  the  Hon.  Lorenzo  Sawyer,  Judge  of  that 

court,    without    a    jury.      It  was    elaborately 

argued    in   printed   briefs,    and  considered  by 

Judge   Sawyer  with  even  more  than  his  usual 

thoroughness — the   amount  of  stake  being  very 

large.     He  rendered  an  oral  opinion  thoroughly 

discussing  the  matter,  and,  as  one  of  the  grounds 

of  his  decision  in  favor  of    the  Keystone  Co.,  he 

held  that  the  school  landgrant  of  March  3d,  1853, 

was   not    intended  to   embrace,    and   does   not 

embrace  any  sections  16  or  36  which  are  mineral 

lands. 

As  yet  there   has  been   no  writ  of  error  sued 

out  in   this  case.     If  it  Bhall  go  to  the   Supreme 

Court  of  the  United  States,  we  shall   probably 

have  a  final  decision  of  this  mineral  land  ques- 
tion.    I  cannot  doubt  for  a  moment  that  Judge 

Sawyer's  decision  will  be  sustained. 

Mining  Share  Market. 

The  stock  market  continues  dull  and  heavy, 
not  the  slighest  animation  being  apparent.  This 
state  of  affairs  is  in  strange  contrast  with  the 
excitement  existing  a  few  months  ago,  when 
everybody  was  going  to  make  a  fortune  in 
shares.  How  the  brokers  make  both  ends  meet, 
it  is  difficult  to  say,  but  it  is  not  probable  that 
we  shall  have  any  very  sharp  rises  or  falls  for  a 
while  yet. 

As  far  as  the  Comstock  is  concerned  the  work 
of  development  continues,  more  particularly  in 
the  direction  of  pumping,  however,  and  draining 
mines,  with  no  present  startling  results  in  the 
way  of  dividends.  The  flow  of  water  is  very 
strong  in  most  of  the  principal  mines.  The 
lightning  drift  of  the  Hale  &  Norcross  will  con- 
nect with  the  Combination  drift  in  a  couple  of 
days  more.  After  that  it  will  probably  take 
some  time  to  get  everything  in  readiness,  when 
it  will  take  but  a  very  short  time  to  rid  the 
flooded  mines  of  water  and  give  a  chance  to  get 
at  and  develop  the  ore  prospects  known  to  exist 
on  the  lower  levels  of  both  the  Savage  and  Hale  & 
Norcross  mines. 


ination  and  survey  of  all  outcroppings  show  a 
most  favorable  result.  There  are  three  dis- 
tinct veius — the  east,  center  and  west  vein — 
;iv._r;tLing  from  four  to  nine  feet  in  thickness. 
The  quality  of  the  coal  is  equal,  if  not  superior, 


Spanish  brigands  have  been  troubling  France. 
Ex-Governor  Bravo,  Mexican  revolutionary 
leader,  has  been  killed. 

It  is  semi-officially  reported  in  Vienna  that 
Russia  has  promised  to  evacuate  Bulgaria  and 
Roumelia  the  first  of  April. 

The  plague  in  Astrakhan  has  lately  increased 
in  virulence. 


CALIFORNIA. 

AMADOR. 

PLYMOUTH.— The  Jackson  Di*j»ttrh    of   Jan. 
4th  reports  that  the   Empire  mine  is  still  pan- 
ning out  her  regular  returns  of  $20,000  i 
000  each  run. 

MajelblK  QUAKRY. — LvU'jvr  :  The  machinery 
has  been  thoroughly  overhauled,  new  saws  put 
in,  T  railroad  iron  laid  for  the  cars  to  run  on 
(which  is  a  great  improvement  upon  the  old 
style  of  sheet-iron  track),  also  new  blocks  and 
tackle  rigged  for  the  hoisting  apparatus.  On 
account  of  the  lack  of  water,  the  saws  are  at 
present  run  by  steam.  The  quarry,  under  the 
supervision  of  \\\  H.  Coleman,  is  steadily 
improving,  the  marble  beiug  softer  and  whiter, 
according  as  the  quarry  is  developed.  There 
are  now  hundreds  of  tons  of  excellent  marble  in 
sight. 

Coney  Mine. — Jackson  Dittpatch,  Jan.  4  : 
This  mine,  which  has  been  lying  apparently 
dead  for  about  nine  years,  we  understand  will 
certainly  be  started  up  in  a  very  short  time.  It 
is  said  that  excellent  new  machinery  has  already 
been  engaged  and  will  likely  be  here  in  a  few 
days.  A  mill  site  has  also  been  located  just 
below  the  mine,  where  an  excellent  water  power 
can  be  obtained  from  the  Moore  mine  ditch. 
The  working  of  this  mine,  which  our  people 
have  so  long  expected  and  desired,  will  prove  of 
much  importance  to  Jackson,  as  it  will  doubt- 
less give  employment  to  quite  a  number  of 
miners  and  workmen.  The  mine  is  principally 
owned  by  Dr.  Zeile,  of  San  Francisco,  a  man  of 
immense  wealth,  and  one  of  great  mining  experi- 
ence. The  mine,  we  believe,  is  hereafter  to  be 
known  as  the  Zeile  mine. 

Other  Mines. — The  shaft  of  the  Good  Hope 
is  to  be  enlarged  and  retimbered.  The  Moore 
mine  ditch  is  now  nearly  ready  for  the  laying  of 
the  pipe,  most  of  which  is  now  on  the  ground. 
It  is  reported  that  the  Seaton  mine,  near  Dry- 
town,  has  been  bonded  for  five  years,  by  the 
English  company  that  own  the  Original  Amador. 
Parties  have  been  negotiating  for  some  time  with 
a  view  to  purchase  the  Crown  Point  and  Bonanza 
mines,  at  Drytown.  Good  rock  is  being  taken 
from  the  1100  foot  level  of  the  Oneida.  Sul- 
phurets  from  this  work  are  being  hauled  from 
this,  mine  to  Garland's  works,  at  Sutter  Creek. 
CALAVERAS. 

The  Upper  Country. — Chronicle,  Jan.  4: 
Six  tons  and  a  half  of  ore  from  the  Buffalo  mine 
near  West  Point,  owned  by  Reed  &  Robinson, 
crushed  in  Harris'  mill  at  Sandy  Gulch,  yielded 
35  ounces  of  gold.  That  is  an  average  of  about 
$100  per  ton;  13*tons  were  taken  out  altogether 
and  the  rock  divided  between  the  two  partners. 
We  did  not  learn  bow  much  the  other  portion 
of  the  ore  paid.  Nine  tons  of  rock  from  F. 
Costa's  mine,  located  near  the  North  Fork  of 
the  Mokelumne,  near  West  Point,  yielded  61 
ounces — an  average  of  about  $121  per  ton. 
Seven  tons  of  ore  taken  from  Bill  Deryer's  mine, 
in  the  same  district,  paid  42  ounces. 

EL  DORADO- 

Kelsey. — Placerville  Democrat,  Jan.  4:  An 
expert  has  lately  examined  the  Gold  Deposit 
mine.  The  tailings  from  the  mill  assayed  $44 
per  ton,  and  the  sulphurets  "went  way  up," 
some  samples  reaching  the  enormous  sum  of 
$24,000  per  ton.  It  has  been  decided  by  the 
company  to  let  the  mill  stand  inactive  until  the 
concentrating  works  are  up,  as*  it  is  evident 
that  all  the  sulphurets  are  very  rich,  and  so 
long  as  there  is  any  loss  of  them  there  will  be  a 
corresponding  loss  of  gold.  In  the  meantime 
the  sinking  of  the  shaft  will  be  prosecuted  as 
fast  as  heretofore,  so  as  to  bring  as  large  a 
body  of  ore  in  sight  as  possible.  The  Estrella 
mine  will  probably  be  placed  on  a  working  basis 
in  a  short  time.  From  the  well-known  richness 
of  this  mine  it  is  quite  strange  that  it  should 
have  lain  idle  so  long.  The  lode  is  one  of  the 
largest  in  this  section.  It  has  been  prospected 
to  a  depth  of  50  feet,  with  good  prospects. 
LOS  ANGELES. 

Gold  in  our  Streets. — Herald,  Jan.  4 
Some  excitement  was  created  in  Los  Angeles 
New  Year's  day  by  the  discovery,  on  Olvera 
street,  near  the  Hotel  di  Roma,  in  the  public 
roadway,  of  placer  gold,  of  a  very  promising  ap- 
pearance, by  Councilman  John  Shaffer.  That 
gentleman's  attention  was  attracted  to  some 
Bpecks  of  free  gold  which  was  made  apparent 
by  the  wash  of  the  late  rains.  He  procured  a 
shovel  and  pan  and  went  to  work.  From  a 
single  shovelful  he  washed  out  wire  gold  to  the 
value  of  25  cents.  Later  in  the  day  other  pros- 
pectors started  in,  and  one  amongst  them 
washed  out  a  nugget  of  virgin  gold  which 
weighed  $1.25.  Claims  have  been  staked  out 
in  the  neighborhood  of  the  discovery,  and  our 
very  streets  are  liable  to  be  uprooted  in  the 
eager  quest  for  gold.  Mr.  Pelanconi  says  that 
when  he  was  making  the  excavation  for  his  cel- 
lar, free  gold  was  frequently  seen  by  the  work- 
men. In  every  case  actual  washing  out  re- 
sulted in  a  yield  of  from  three  to  ten  cents  a 
pan.  It  is  just  possible  that  the  rocker  and 
pan  of  the  old  mining  days  may  soon  become  a 
familiar  spectacle  in  our  streets.  We  shall 
await  future  developments  [with  an  absorbing 
but  kindly  curiosity. 
MONTEREY. 

Mount  Carmel  Coal. — Salinas  Valley  Index: 
The  latest  developments  and  a  thorough  exam- 


to  any  in  the  California  market.  It  sells  for 
$10  per  ton  in  San  Francisco,  and  the  screen- 
ings brine  >•>.  which  is  better  than  Australian 
coal.  It  burns  with  a  strong,  steady  tlame  and 
is  an  excellent  steam  generator.  At  present 
the  facilities  for  getting  the  coal  to  market  are 
very  primitive;  but  a  railroad  has  been  decided 
upon,  which  will  better  matters  greatly. 
MONO 

The  Bodie  Chronicle  of  Dec.  28th  reports  as 
follows  on  the  mines: 

Stani>ak». — Latest  official  report  is  that  the 
crosscut  east  from  the  main  shaft  is  in  85  feet; 
progress  for  the  week  22  feet.  At  a  point  70 
feet  from  shaft  a  ledge  was  cut  which  is  three 
feet  wide.  The  south  drift  from  this  crosscut 
has  been  advanced  during  the  week  13  feet, 
total  length,  63  feet;  ledge  four  feet  wide.  The 
east  crosscut  being  run  on  the  300  level 
south  of  incline  is  in  112  feet.  Raise  north  of 
incline  on  same  level  is  up  05  feet.  The  ledge 
is  three  feet  wide  and  looks  well.  The  stopes 
continue  to  look  well,  and  yield  the  usual 
quantity  of  ore.     Mill  is  running  steadily. 

CON.  Pacific. — The  south  drift  in  No.  1  is  in 
30  feet  and  ore  improving.  Drifting  for  stations 
to  take  out  ore.  Commenced  sinking  this  week 
in  No.  2;  down  five  feet.  Main  shaft  down  159 
feet;  progress  this  week,  12  feet.  Work  pro- 
gressing satisfactorily. 

Mono. — Shaft  down  370  feet;  bottom  shows 
seams  of  quartz  and  much  clay,  and  works  well. 
The  crosscut  is  in  130  feet;  the  face  shows  some 
small  streaks  of  low  grade  ore,  lying  very  regular, 
and  dipping  to  the  east.  Indications  are  favor- 
able for  nearing  the  vein.  Everything  is  work- 
ing in  excellent  order,  and  a  six  months'  supply 
of  timbers,  lumber  and  fuel  is  on  hand. 

University. — Shaft  down  about  143  feet; 
drift  in  145  feet.  Good  ledge  which  assays  well, 
and  the  prospects  are  good.  A  whim  will  soon 
be  erected.  H.  E.  Ashley  has  been  appointed 
Superintendent. 

Booker. — Shaft  down  335  feet;  rock  hard  and 
little  water. 

Jutiter. — This  mine  is  east  of,  and  joining 
the  Bodie.  The  shaft  is  down  136  feet,  and  is 
two  compartment,  4x4L  At  126  feet  a  fine 
looking  vein  of  three  feet,  with  promising 
assays   indicating  a  valuable  mine,  was   struck. 

Tioga. — Shaft  down  360  feet  in  favorable  for- 
mation; vein  nice-looking,  13  inches  wide  in 
bottom,  with  fair  prospects.  West  crosscut  in 
38  feet;  cut  a  six-inch  seam  of  quartz,  low  assay. 
East  crosscut  in  45  feet;  also  have  a  seam  in 
this  cut,  with  low  assays.  The  hoisting  works 
are  in  good  condition,  and  everything  goes  well. 

South  Bodie. — Shaft,  double,  down  381  feet. 
At  351  feet  past  ledge;  drifted  10  feet,  then 
resumed  sinking  to  crosscut  at  500  feet.  Pro- 
gress this  week  15  feet,  the  rock  being  hard. 

California. — Shaft  down  140  feet;  east  drift 
in  36  feet;  west,  24  feet. 

Bulwer, — Ledge  in  south  drift  is  two  and  a 
half  feet  wide  and  continues  to  look  well.  The 
Stonewall  stopes  also  present  their  usual  good 
appearance.  Have  shipped  to  date  405  tons  of 
ore  of  good  quality  to  the  Bodie  mill. 

NEVADA. 

Jacobs  and  Sargent. — Nevada  Transcript, 
Jan.  3  :  The  shaft  of  the  Quaker  hill  claim  is 
down  200  feet,  and  a  drift  has  been  run  along 
the  bedrock  in  a  westerly  direction  for  250 
feet.  From  the  end  of  this  an  upraise  is  to 
reach  the  gravel.  A  few  hundred  feet  from  the 
present  shaft,  large  quantities  of  gravel,  paying 
as  high  as  $5  per  ton,  have  been  taken  out. 

Plum  Valley. — A  tunnel  has  been  run  100 
feet ;  a  shaft  sunk  80  feet.  The  ledge  in  the 
tunnel  is  two  feet  wide  ;  100  tons  of  very  good 
rock  has  already  been  taken  out.  All  this  has 
been  done  Bince  June  last. 

Items.— The  Herald  says,  that  it  is  not 
unlikely  that  the  whole  property  of  the  Empire 
M.  Co.  will  go  to  the  hammer  on  the  18th  inBt. 
The  Nevada  County  Mining  Association  have 
leased  the  North  Star  mine,  and  will  promptly 
resume  work  in  spring.  In  1871  this  mine 
divided  $76,500  among  its  shareholders.  The 
Swiss  American  company  will  soon  start  up 
work  again  on  the  Victor,  Massachusetts  hill. 
The  Pacific  mine  is  being  worked  on  tribute, 
the  lessees  paying  55%  of  the  mill  proceeds. 
There  is  no  new  development  from  the  New  York 
hill  mine.  The  Rocky  Bar  is  still  taking  out 
rich  rock.  The  Scadden  Flat  M.  Co.  has  com- 
pleted the  erection  of  its  extensive  machinery, 
and  will  push  ahead  vigorously.  Mr.  John 
Pattison  has  gone  [up  near  Omega  to  select  a 
suitable  place  for  starting  a  tunnel,  on  the 
ground  of  the  Nevada  B.  G.  Con.  M.  Co.  The 
new  mine  on  Little  Deer  creek,  the  Lincoln,  has 
a  ledge  from  10  to  12  inches  thick  ;  and  will  in 
a  short  time  have  ample  water  power.  Four 
pans  from  Shearer  &  Co.'s  claim  in  the  Round 
Mountain  mining  district,  lately  yielded  $1.50. 
It  is  said  that  signs  of  richness  and  permanency 
in  this  district  increase  daily.  The  Yuba  River 
M.  Co.  have  run  a  tunnel  300  feet  under  the 
river,  at  Long's  Bar,  and  struck  gravel  that 
pays  $3  to  the  pan. 

Mining  Under  Yuba  River. — Herald,  Jelti  A: 
The  following  claims  are  located  along  the  river, 
the  object  of  whose  owners  is  to  reach  the  beds 
of  the  present  river  channels:  Yuba,  Long  Bar, 
West  Point,  Nichols'  claim,  Olmsted,  North 
Star,  Sand,  Flat,  Ohio  and  Tennessee.  These 
companies  are  all  corporations,  and  the  larger 
part  of  the  stock  is  held  in  Grass  Valley.  There 
are  many  places  under  the  late  river  channels 


which  have  never  been  worked,  the  tailings 
from  the  larger  mining  operations  above  coming 
down  and  covering  them  up.  Formerly  miners 
tried  working  these  places  by  wingdams  and 
other  contrivances  to  turn  the  water  when  it 
was  low,  but  the  debris  has  become  so  deep 
that  it  took  nearly  all  Bummer  to  get  down 
where  the  good  pay  was,  and  then  the  high 
water  would  come  and  wash  away  the  dame  and 
fill  up  the  holes  so  that  the  same  work  would 
need  to  be  repeated  each  summer,  and  the 
grave]  lias  become  so  deep  in  the  modern  river 
beds  that  it  made  the  season  too  short  to  enable 
advantageous  work.  Now  a  shaft  is  sunk  on 
the  bank  and  tunnels  are  run  under  the  river 
bed,  in  search  of  pay  graveL 
SAN  LUIS  OBISPO. 

Placeb  Minks. — San  Luis  Obispo  Tribune: 
In  the  eastern  portion  of  township  No.  30  south, 
range  No.  16  east,  Mount  Diablo  meridian, 
about  five  miles  S.  \V.  of  the  La  Pansa  ranch 
house,  well  up,  and  contiguous  to  the  highest 
peaks  of  the  Pansa  mountains,  on  the  headwaters 
of  a  creek  emptying  into  the  Estrella  creek  a 
couple  of  miles  to  the  south  of  Pansa,  the  San 
Luis  Obispo  placers  are  located.  They  were 
discovered  in  last  September  by  a  man  named 
Trujillo.  As  yet  gold  in  paying  quantities 
has  been  found  only  in  Trujillo  gulch  and  one 
tributary.  From  the  forks  of  the  creek  where 
the  discovery  was  made,  gold  has  been  found 
and  claims  staked  off  extending  down  the  ravine 
a  distance  of  three  quarters  of  a  mile,  and  up 
the  north  and  south  forks  each,  for  perhaps 
half  a  mile  near  their  sources  where  they  de- 
bouch from  the  main  sierra.  The  character  of 
the  gold  is  what  is  generally  termed  coarse, 
ranging  from  a  color  up  to  chunks  of  $20  and 
$25.  A  nugget  weighing  $25,  with  some  parti- 
cles of  quartz  attached,  and  containing  perhaps 
#20  of  pure  gold  was  found.  There  is,  however, 
some  mystery  clingingto this  nugget.  The  quartz 
ledges  from  which  this  placer  gold  has  been 
washed  have  probably  not  yet  been  discovered, 
though  some  good  looking  rock  has  been  located. 
On  Dec.  16th  a  district  was  organized,  to  bo 
known  as  the  San  Jose  and  La  Pansa;  headquar- 
ters at  La  Pansa,  Messrs.  Carroll,  Garcia  and 
Lopes  were  appointed  to  draft  rules  and  regula- 
tions. Says  the  Salinas  City  Index:  The  San 
Jose  valley  above  referred  to  is  situated  on  the 
headwaters  of  the  Salinas  river,  20  miles  in  'a 
southeasterly  direction,  from  Santa  Margarita, 
ensconced  between  the  La  Pansa  mountains  on 
the  north  and  east,  and  the  Santa  Lucia  or 
Coast  Range  on  the  south,  with  the  main  branch 
of  the  Salinas  river  running  through  the  south- 
erly and  westerly  portion.  Surveyor  E.  K. 
Harris,  of  San  Luis  Obispo,  says:  "There  are  two 
routes  leading  to  the  new  placers,  either  by  the 
way  of  San  Jose  valley,  where  wagons  will  have 
to  be  abandoned,  and  horse  or  foot  resorted  to 
over  the  rough  mountain  trail  already  described; 
or  the  more  roundabout  way,  by  the  Rocky 
canyon,  Mitchell's  and  La  Pansa.  Those  travel- 
ing in  wagons  I  would  advise  to  take  the  latter 
route,  as  a  pretty  fair  wagon  road  leads  to  with- 
in one  mile  of  the  mines. 
SHASTA. 

Furnaceville. — Reading  Independent,  Jan. 
2:  Clark  &  Co.  have  commenced  work  on  the 
"Homestake"  claim.  This  claim  was  the  first 
location  made  in  this  district,  several  y?ars  ago 
— then  known  as  the  "Silver  Creek  Ledge" — 
and,  of  course,  as  the  district  went  down,  the 
claim  was  abandoned.  The  mill  or  furnace  then 
constructed  (burned  down  in  1871  by  mountain 
fires)  was  supplied  with  ore  from  this  mine,  the 
assays  being  favorable.  The  ore  obtained  is 
richly  argentiferous  galena;  but  the  company 
used  what  they  called  a  "water  blast,"  and  pro- 
duced a  heat  so  intense  that  the  valuables  es- 
caped in  the  form  of  vapor. 

NEVADA. 
WASHOE  DISTRICT. 

Con.  Virginia. — Gold  Hill  News,  Jan.  8: 
The  southwest  drift  at  the  2150  station  of  the 
C.  &  C.  shaft  is  now  in  IIS  ft.,  and  is  advanc- 
ing 4  ft.  per  day,  the  face  still  in  blasting  por- 
phyry. On  the  1900  level  the  station  in  the 
joint  east  crosscut  on  the  Best  &  Belcher  line  is 
completed,  and  sinking  the  winze  to  connect 
with  the  level  below  has  been  commenced.  This 
crosscut  will  now  be  continued  to  the  eastward 
to  better  define  the  eastern  limits  of  the  ore  vein 
in  that  direction. 

Ophir.— Daily  yield,  70  tons  of  ore.  The  ore 
stopes  on  both  the  1900  and  2000  levels  continue 
to  show  well  and  yield  rich  ore.  The  severe 
freezing  weather  still  continues  to  interfere  very 
materially  with  the  operations  of  the  Carson 
river  mills. 

California.— Daily  yield,  340  tons  of  ore. 
This  ore  is  being  reduced  at  the  California  mill 
as  fast  as  it  is  extracted,  and  gives  good  re- 
turns. The  UBual  monthly  dividend  of  $1  per 
share,  aggregating  $540,000,  was  declared  yes- 
terday. The  ore  stopes  still  continue  to  look 
well. 

Julia  Con.— But  little  progress  has  been 
made  during  the  week  in  the  main  southwest 
drift  on  the  2000  level.  The  flow  of  water  from 
the  face  is  yet  both  strong  and  hot.  The  water 
as  it  flows  from  the  drill  holes  shows  a  tempera- 
ture of  75°  to  S0°.  The  last  set  of  holes  fired 
in  the  face  of  the  drift  threw  out  quartz  show- 
ing fine  veins  of  ore  which  give  excellent  assays 
in  both  gold  and  silver.  The  flow  of  water  is 
so  strong  and  hot  that  the  pumps  are  kept  busy 
to  prevent  flooding. 

Sierra  Nevada.— The  stone  foundations  for 
the  new  air  compressor  are  rapidly  nearing  com- 

Continued  on  page  28. 


22 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[January  n,   1879. 


Mines  and  Works  of  Ahnaden.— No.  17. 

Translated  for  the  Press  from  "  Ankales  des  Mines." 
The  results  obtained  from  the  Idria  furnace 
have  been  already  given.  We  will  only  recall 
that  the  loss  of  mercury  was  definitely  proved 
not  to  go  beyond  5.59%  of  the  mercury  con- 
tained. 

The  Pellet  furnace  gaveforll4  tons  of  ore,  of  a 
contents  of  S.30%,  containing  9,466.134  kilo- 
grams of  mercury: 

Kilograms. 

Mercury  coming:  directly  to  the  storehouse 7,0130.55 

80%  of  mercury  from  residues 470. 714 

Total 8,135.264 

Loss,  1.330.S72  kilograms,  which  is  1.16%  of 

the  ore,  and  14.05%  of  the  mercury   contained. 

The  expense  of  treating  114  tons  of  ore  were: 

In  the  Idria  furnace 371.80  fra. 

In  the  Pellet  furnace 1,518.60    " 

The  Pellet  furnace  was  much  inferior  also  to 
the  Idria  furnace  from  the  point  of  view  of 
hygiene;  35  workmen  fell  ill,  attacked  by  ul- 
cerations of  the  throat,  the  first  results  of  mer- 
curial vapors  during  the  running  of  the  new 
furnace  in  May  and  June, 

Condemned  a  first  time,  M.  Pellet  did  not 
acknowledge  himself  beaten;  in  spite  of  the 
considerable  expense  of  the  first  trial,  in  spite 
of  the  inutility  of  attempts  to  prevent  a  loss 
which  did  not  exist,  he  obtained  in  1872  a  new 
series  of  comparative  tests  under  the  direction  of 
MM.  Luis  de  la  Escosura,  Inspector-General  of 
Mines,  and  Federico  de  Botella,  Engineer  in 
Chief.  The  tests  had  two  objects:  First,  to 
judge  of  the  value  of  the  Pellet  system,  which 
was  once  more,  and  this  time  irrevocably  con- 
demned, and  then  to  study  for  themselves  the 
methods  of  treatment  with  the  Idria  and  Bus- 
tamente  furnaces. 

The  details  of  these  tests  have  not  been 
communicated  to  me,  they  will  make  the 
object  of  an  approaching  publication  of  M.  Luis 
de  la  Escosura :  I  know  only  that  they  havfe 
been  made  with  a  most  minute  attention,  in 
order  to  determine  with  the  utmost  exactness 
the  contents  of  the  charges,  their  weight,  the 
weight  of  the  products  of  all  kinds,  that  they 
have  determined  with  precision  the  temperature 
of  the  gases  and  the  rapidity  of  the  current  at 
different  points  of  the  entire  apparatus  ;  finally 
that  the  losses  of  treatment  have  been  found  as 
5^%  for  the  Idria  furnace,  and  4.95%  for  the 
Bustamente  furnace. 

This  last  figure  does  not,  it  is  true,  represent 
the  exact  loss  in  the  current  operations,  it  was 
obtained  in  the  experiments  under  conditions 
therefore  of  particular  exactness  ;  but  it  indi- 
cates that  which  may  be,  that  which  should  be 
demanded  of  the  Bustamente  furnace,  without 
modifying  either  the  treatment  or  the  furnace. 
Not  being  able  to  reason  upon  the  figures  of 
the  tests  of  1S72,  we  return  again  to  those  ob- 
tained in  1869  by  M.  Monasterio.  We  can  ar- 
rive with  him  at  a  deduction  not  only  of  the 
loss  from  the  metallurgical  treatments,  as  com- 
pared with  assay  values,  but  also  by  a  sort  of 
Bynfchesis,  the  loss  as  compared  with  all  the 
mercury  really  contained  in  the  ore. 
Let  us  see  in  what  manner: 
The  ore  is  a  quartzite  more  or  less  impreg- 
nated, or  a  schist  more  or  less  spotted  with  cin- 
nabar. It  contains  carbonaceous  matter  (in  the 
schist  and  in  the  black  quartzite),  a  little  iron 
pyrites,  of  native  mercury,  and  of  horn  quick- 
silver. According  to  the  manner  in  which 
these  substances  behave  in  the  roasting,  we  may 
divide  them  into  fixed  and  volatile  substances, 
(mercury,  sulphur,  water,  eiu). 

The  residue  of  the  roasting  at  the  Idria  fur- 
nace has  given  for  114, 0U0  kilograms  of  ore, 
102,336  kilograms  of  slag,  or  S9.768%  of  fixed 
matter  and  10.232%  of  volatile  matter. 

Or,  if  in  the  assays  of  the  laboratory,  the  de 
termination  of  the  richness  in  mercury  is  dif- 
ficult to  obtain  with  a  very  great  precision,  it  is 
not  so  with  regard  to  the  fixed  matters,  and  we 
can  from  this  last  weight  deduce  that  of  the 
volatile  matter. 

We  will  neglect  in  this  calculation  the  pos- 
sible presence  of  a  small  quantity  of  native 
mercury  and  of  chloride  of  mercury;  we  admit 
that  all  the  sulphur  disengages  itself  in  the 
state  of  sulphurous  acid;  we  do  not  take  ac- 
count either  of  the  sulphur  of  the  iron  pyrites, 
partially  replaced  by  oxygen  during  the  roast- 
ing, or  the  carbon  of  the  ore;  these  two  last 
simplifications  will  have  for  a  single  effect  the 
augmentation  to  a  small  amount,  the  figure 
which  calculation  will  give  us  for  the  mercury. 
We  suppose  then,  in  short,  an  ore  reduced  to 
these  essential  elements: 

Fixed  matter,  cinnabar,  water.  We  can  not 
take  the  water  which  is  contained  in  the  ore  as 
it  comes  from  the  mine,  and  which  exposure  to 
the  air  in  winter  and  in  the  times  of  rain  can 
not  but  augment.  The  memoir  of  M.  M.  Ber- 
naldez  and  Figueroa  gives  upon  this  subject  the 
following  figures: 

Contents  in  Water. 

0.03% 

0.08% 

0.15% 

0.20% 

0.25% 

, 0.50% 

0.70% 

The  proportion  of  water  is  the  greater,  the 
smaller  the  amount  of  mercury  there  is  present, 
because  the  poor  ores  are  argilaceous,  and  there- 
fore retain  better  the  moisture  than  the  rich  and 
quartzose  ore.  Now  the  roasting  of  the  ore  in 
the  muffle  at  a  temperature  gradually  increasing, 
with  a  strong  fire  at  the  end  of  the  operation,  in 


such  a  manner  as  to  expel  all  the  volatile  matter, 
has  given  for  the  different  assays  taken : 

Fixed  Matters.     Volatile  Matters. 


,  1st  Class 

70.90 

29.10 

80.09 
82.75 

19.91 

17.25 

89.29 

10.71 

93.40 

6.00 

96.00 

4.00 

97.00 

2.40 

China,  2nd  Class. 

"   3d 

"   4th 

"   5th 

"   6th 
7th 

If  now  we  subtract  from  the  figures  giving  the 
total  volatile  matters  the  ones  just  given  for  the 
water,  there  remains  for  contents  in  sulphide  of 
mercury: 

Sulphide  of  Mercury. 

Metal  and  China,  1st  Class 29.02 

China,  2d  Class 19.83 

3d    "     17.10 

"       4th  "     10.51 

"       6th" 6.35 

"       6th  "     3.60 

"       7th"     1.95 

Solera 1.70 

And  as  the  sulphide  of  mercury  contains 
86.29%  of  mercury  and  13.61%  of  sulphur,  the 
different  classes  of  ore  contain : 

(  25.00 

17.00 
14.75  |  •,mle  ln"  14.66 
9.07 

6.4S 


Metal  and  China,  1st  Class  25.04 
China,  2d  Class 17.11 

"       3d     ■•.... 

"       4th    "    .... 
5th    "    .... 

"       6th    "    .... 

"        7th     "    

Solera 1.46. 


While  the 
I  assays  at  the_ 
[laboratory 
have  given: 


4.99 


1.03 
0.80 


We  shall  return  to  these  last  figures  in  an 
instant,  in  order  to  draw  from  them  some  con- 
sequences from  this  point  of  view  with  regard 
to  the  essays  of  cinnabar  in  the  laboratory. 

Let  us  calculate  now  from  the  preceding 
figures  the  complete  composition  of  the  114,000 
kilograms  employed  in  the  experiments  in  ques- 
tion.    We  find  then: 


^«HU)^< 


*  O  O  -K  O 
3  CO  lO  O  O 


,-tCMOOOOOO 
v,  -z  1-  n  ?]  O  O  -*  O 


ocoo 


;~   T.   V.'  ?!  SO  rH  r-t  CO  C» 


*;\~-; 


■fl  <#  1Q  IN  CD 


z  z    z    z    ;    z    z   z 

-'  i  /j  r.  h  -ji  -t  C-  ^ 


-  •'  :-  ^_<"r.  3  i~  r. 


l3t  class . 


Metal  and  China  i 
China  of  2d  class 

"    '*  3d     "     

"     ■'  4th  "     

"     "  0th  ««     

"  "  eth  "   

"     "  7th  "    and  solera 


The  practical  operation  gave  a  residue  of 
102,336  kilograms  of  slag,  368.92  kilograms 
more,  consequently  than  calculation  would 
indicate. 

Proportion  of  slag1  produced 89.768°^ 

"         calculated 80.444% 

Admitting  even  the  most  exact  weighing  of 
the  slag,  we  might  explain  this  very  small 
difference,  by  the  small  amount  of  mercury 
retained  in  the  slag.  We  can  then  with  fear 
of  being  deceived  in  the  least,  take  the  figure 
of  9, 939. 048  kilograms  as  representing  the 
maximum  of  mercury,  contained  in  the  114  tons 
of  ore.  The  loss  from  the  assays  would  then  be 
at  most,  0.41%  of  the  ore,  or  4.75%  of  the 
mercury  contained.  Finally,  the  loss  of  the 
metallurgical  treatment  would  be  1,002.264 
kilograms,  out  of  the  9,939.048  contained,  or 
10.08%,  at  a  maximum.  There  is  besides  the 
amount  of  the  loss  determined  by  the  contents 
as  given  by  the  assays,  here  5.59%,  which  is 
truly  entitled  to  be  taken  into  consideration  in 
an  industrial  operation. 

Let  us  return  for  a  moment  to  the  contents 
given  by  the  assays,  at  the  laboratory,  in  order 
to  compare  them  with  the  results  of  the  preced- 
ing calculation.  The  following  table  gives  the 
absolute,  A  the  relative  loss  from  the  assays  ; 
we  should  not  forget  also,  that  these  figures  are 
the  maxima. 


the  method  employed,  was  the  distillation  of 
ore  mixed  with  iron  filings.  The  assay  marked 
B,  was  made  at  the  laboratory,  at  Almaden,  by 
mixing  the  ore  with  itB  volume  of  quicklime, 
and  one-tenth  of  its  volume  of  carbonate  of 
soda.  The  figures  of  the  fourth  column,  are  the 
result  of  the  two  preceding  ores.  We  have 
always  taken  the  higher  figure,  as  the  one 
approaching  more  nearly  to  the  truth.  The 
fifth  and  the  sixth  columns,  show  the  losaes 
absolute,  as  well  as  relative,  they  increase  as 
the  richness  of  the  ore  assayed  diminishes. 
This  result  is  in  accordance  with  that  of  the 
experiments  of  M.  Glowaky,  at  Idria,  cited  by 
M.  Huyot,  in  a  memoire  in  the  Annates  des  Mines 
in  1854,  (Fifth  serie,  stome  V.)  and  in  general 
with  the  results  of  all  assays,  which  give 
contents  more  and  more  inexact  in  the  same 
ratio,  as  the  ore  becomes  poorer. 

The  reasoning  which  leads  to  this-  conclusion 
is,  it  is  true,  not  very  convincing  for  the  poorer 
ore,  which  may  contain  other  volatile  matters, 
as  well  as  sulphur,  mercury  and  water,  in 
quantities  hardly  to  be  neglected  in  comparison' 
with  the  small  quantity  of  mercury  which  the 
ore  contains. 

Without  then  wishing  to  give  to  this  discus- 
sion a  weight  which  it  in  reality  does  not  pos- 
sess, we  limit  ourselves  by  repeating  in  resume: 

1st.  That  the  average  contents  of  the  ore  at 
Almaden  does  not  go  beyond  8%  to  9%. 

2nd.  That  the  loss  of  mercury  indicated  by 
the  assays  does  not  go  beyond  6%  in  the  Idria 
furnace,  and  5%  in  the  Bustamente. 

3d.  That  the  loss  of  mercury  contained,  in 
calculating  this  from  the  most  elevated  figure, 
does  not  go  beyond  10%;  and  in  conclusion, 

4th.  That  with  regard  to  the  apparatus  in 
use  at  Almaden,  while  we  cannot  assuredly 
wish  to  call  them  less  irrational,  at  the  same 
time  they  do  not  present  to  such  a  high  degree 
the  defects  with  which  they  have  been  credited, 
or  at  least  they  have  been  much  exaggerated, 
and  that  conducted  with  care,  they  give  with  a 
rich  ore  excellent  results. 


E    E,NQiNEgE\. 


The  Strength  of  Locomotive  Boilers. 


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Is  this  3aying,  for  that  matter,  that  they 
should  give  up  attempts  at  improvement,  or 
that  other  works  as  those  of  Idria  should  obey  a 
prejudice  in  abandoning  them  for  a  long  time 
back  1  We  do  not  think  so.  The  difference  in 
the  nature  of  the  ores  treated  at  Idria  or  in 
California,  can  suffice  to  explain  the  difference  of 
the  results  obtained  and  the  abandonment  of 
the  apparatus  of  Almaden  at  Idria  and  else- 
where. 

In  the  presence  of  the  actual  change  of 
opinions  of  the  Spanish  engineers,  upon  the  pro- 
cesses at  Almaden,  it  is  certain  that  a  long  time 
will  pass  before  they  dream  of  introducing  any 
innovation  of  considerable  importance;  the  great 
expense  caused  by  the  relative  experiments  of 
the  Pellet  system  has  put  off  for  a  long  time 
all  desire  to  make  new  trials.  They  do  not 
give  up,  however,  the  idea  of  improvements 
which  may  be  some  time  introduced'  into  the 
treatment. 

The  following  are  some  of  the  principles 
which  M.  Monasterio  would  have  been  in  favor 
of  applying  when  the  opportunity  offered  to  the 
solution  of  the  problem: 

1st.  Continuous  roasting.  2d,  Absolute 
separation  of  the  gases  of  the  fire  from  those 
coming  from  the  ore.  3d.  Condensation  with 
the  aid  of  water  in  tubes  of  iron  lined  on  the 
inside  in  such  a  manner  as  to  protect  them 
against  the  action  of  sulphuric  acid,  and  bathed 
on  the  outside  with  water.  4th.  Artificial  draft. 
5th.  Separate  treatment  of  the  residues  in  re- 
torts of  iron  or  clay. 

It  is  possible  that  some  of  the  ideas  of  M. 
Monasterio  may  be  applied  when  the  results  of 
the  processes  in  use  in  America,  on  which  they 
are  actively  engaged,  are  sufficiently  known  at 
Almaden. 

But  it  is  not  my  intention  to  extend  myself  at 
length  upon  the  reforms  which  exist  only  as 
projects,  and  whose  trial  consequently  will  not 
be  made  for  a  long  time. 

[To  be  Continued.] 


The  assay  marked  A,  was  made  at  the   assay 
laboratory,  of  the  school  of  mines,  at  Madrid  ; 


The  Clifton  Copper  Mines. — On  the  east- 
ern frontier  of  Arizona,  at  the  town  of  Clifton, 
Yavapai  county,  near  the  New  Mexican  line, 
500  miles  east  of  Yuma,  is  one  of  the  richest 
copper  mines  on  this  coast.  So  easily  worked 
and  so  rich  are  the  ores  that  it  ijays  to  transport 
them  by  team  several  hundred  miles  across  New 
Mexico  to  Trinidad,  Colorado,  whence  they  are 
shipped  by  rail  to  Baltimore.  The  mine  is  in 
the  hills  some  distance  from  the  town,  and  the 
ore  is  carried  in  sacks  on  mule-back  to  the  re- 
duction works,  some  nine  miles  by  the  circuit- 
ous trail.  The  proprietors  of  the  mine  are 
about  to  build  a  railroad  of  20-inch  gauge  for 
the  purpose  of  saving  this  expense.  The  road 
will  be  five  miles  in  length  and  will  be  the  first 
narrow-gauge  railroad  in  the  Territory.  Capt. 
N.  S.  Davis,  a  pioneer  Calif ornian  and  a  well- 
known  civil  engineer,  started  shortly  before  the 
holidays  to  make  the  surveys  and  begin  the 
construction  of  this  road.  He  is  under  engage- 
ment for  one  year. 


Postmasters  of  the  fourth  class  have  been 
allowed  commission  on  stamps  sold.  They  will 
now  be  allowed  commission  on  stamps  cancelled 
on  letters  instead.  It  is  believed  that  this 
change  will  increase  the  postal  revenue  about 
§900,000  per  annum.  < 

The  Mexican  government  has  made  arrange- 
ments for  the  payment  of  the  third  instalment 
of  $300,000  indemnity  to  American  citizens,  due 
this  month. 


In  view  of  the  recent  explosion  of  a  loco- 
motive boiler  on  the  Central  Pacific  railroad, 
near  the  Summit,  the  following   extract  in  re- 

fard  to  the  sources  of  weakness  in  locomotive 
oilers,  will  be  read  with  much  interwt  by 
mechanics  and  engineers.  The  extracts  are 
from  a  very  suggestive  article  in  the  RaiWoad 
Gazette  of  Dec.  20th:  Of  late;years,  owing  partly 
to  the  increase  in  the  size  of  looomotive  boilers, 
and  partly  to  the  numerous  explosions  that 
have  occured,  the  thickness  of  boiler  plates  has 
been  materially  increased.  Tw»nty-five  years 
ago  there  were  few,  if  any,  used  thicker  than 
5-16  in.  Now,  for  the  larger  sizes  of  locomo- 
tives, plates  are  always  g  and  in  some  cases 
7-16  in.  thick.  Double- riveted  seams  were  sel- 
dom found  in  the  older  boilers,  whereas,  now, 
it  is  the  rule  for  horizontal  seams,  and  in  some 
cases  for  all  others;  and  in  the  larger 
engines  now  in  process  of  construction 
on  the  Louisville  &  Nashville  railroad 
the  former  are  treble-riveted.  The  object 
of  this  increase  in  the  thickness  of  the  ma- 
terial and  in  the  method  of  fasteni  ng  it  togeth- 
er is  to  increase  the  strength  of  the  structures; 
but  a  boiler  is  like  a  chain,  the  strength  of 
which  is  only  equal  to  that  of  the  weakest  link, 
and  the  misfortune  has  been  that  in  attempting 
to  increase  in  resisting  capacitv  of  boilers,  some 
of  the  links  have  been  very  much  neglected.  A 
house  painter  who  should  fall  from  a  scaffolding 
by  the  breaking  of  a  rope  would  quite  naturally 
get  a  stronger  one  if  the  survived  the  fall;  but 
the  strong  rope  would  be  of  little  service  unless 
it  were  securely  fastened.  Without  knowing 
any  confirmatory  facts  it  is  safe  to  venture  the 
opinion  that  many  more  accidents  of  persons 
falling  from  scaffolds  are  caused  by  insecure 
fastenings  than  by  insufficient  strength  in  the 
members  of  the  structure.  The  unfortunate 
man  who  undertook  to  lower  his  wife  from  the 
window  of  an  upper  story  of  the  Southern 
hotel  at  the  time  it  was  burned  was  not  mis- 
taken about  the  strength  of  the  pieces  of  bed- 
ding which  he  tied  together,  but  he  had  not  the 
knowledge  nor  the  skill  to  fasten  them,  and 
his  knots  slipped  and  his  wife  was  killed. 

The  weakness  of  boilers  arises  generally  not 
from  insufficient  material,  and  perhaps  not  as 
often  from  inferior  quality,  as  it  does  from  the 
weakness  of  the  attachments  of  the  various 
parts.  Unless  there  is  some  reason  for  a  contrary 
opinion,  it  may  be  assumed  that  riveted  work 
will  always  be  done  badly.  The  chief  defects 
of  such  work  are  out  of  sight,  and  to  a  great 
extent  undiscoverable  after  it  is  finished.  Mis- 
matched and  unfilled  holes  cannot  be  seen  after 
the  heads  of  the  rivets  are  formed,  and  there- 
fore such  work  is  less  subject  to  criticism  and 
inspection,  and  consequently  there  is  little 
rivalry  or  pride  of  excellence  in  doing  it  among 
mechanics.  Without  the  very  closest  inspec- 
tion it  is  always  possible  for  a  workman  to  hide 
his  blunders  and  his  carelessness.  Then,  too, 
there  is  no  strong  sense  of  the  necessity  of  good 
work  of  this  kind.  There  is  generally  a  lack  of 
what  might  be  called  mechanical  moral  sense  in 
this  respect,  and  an  engineer  who  should  insist 
upon  having  first-rate  work  would  find  it  no 
easy  task  to  have  his  orders  executed. 

In  the  construction  and  attachment  of  the 
braces,  there  is  more  carelessness  and  ignorance 
displayed  than  in  any  other  part  of  boiler  con- 
struction. These  are  seldom  carefully  designed, 
and  are  nearly  always  left  to  workmen  to  ar- 
range. They  are  seldom  deficient  in  the  amount 
of  material  of  which  they  are  made,  but  very 
often  in  the  methods  of  attachment  to  the  shell 
of  the  boiler. 

In  the  attachment  of  steam  domes  there  io 
more  disregard  of  the  laws  which  govern  the 
strength  of  locomotive  boilers  than  anywhere 
else.  In  order  to  give  access  to  the  inside  of 
the  boiler  a  hole  from  24  to  30  in.  in  diameter 
must  be  cut  into  the  shell.  To  make  up  for  this 
there  is  the  flange  which  is  formed  on  the  base 
of  the  dome,  and,  in  some  cases,  another  flange 
which  is  turned  up  on  the  plate  which  forms  the 
shell  of  the  boiler.  Both  of  these  are  cut  away 
by  the  rivets  so  that  their  sectional  area  is 
diminished  thereby.  What  is  needed  here,  and 
what  is  used  in  Europe,  is  a  heavy  wrought-iron 
ring  around  the  hole  at  the  baBe  of  the  dome. 
This  can  be  riveted  either  to  the  boiler  shell  or 
to  the  dome,  and  in  this  way  it  will  reinforce 
the  strength  of  the  boiler  which  has  been  dimin- 
ished at  this  point. 

Broken  stay-bolts  we  have  always  with  us. 
Our  present  knowledge  of  the  subject  has  not 
thus  far  supplied  a  remedy  for  the  evil.  All 
we  can  do  is  to  supply  such  means  as  will  en- 
able us  to  discover  the  breakage  as  soon  as  it 
occurs.  Hollow  stay-bolts  plugged  on  one  side 
are  the  surest  safeguard. 

It  is  a  little  singular  that  more  effort  has  not 
been  made  to  overcome  the  effects  of  unequal 
expansion  in  locomotive  boilers.  If  we  reflect 
for  a  moment  on  what  occurs  when  a  fire  ia 
built  in  a  locomotive  boiler  filled  with  cold 
water,  it  will  be  seen  that  there  must  be  enor- 
mous strain  exerted  on  it  before  the  whole  of  it 
becomes  heated.  The  first  effect  of  the  fire  is 
to  heat  the  fire-box  plates  and  tubes.  These 
must  expand  before  the  outside  shell  is  even 
warmed.  The  expansion  due  to  a  rise  of  tem- 
perature from  say  70°  to  400°  is  about  0,002  of 
the  length  of  the  tube,  which  if  10  feet  long 
would  therefore  be  increased  in  length  nearly 
a  quarter  of  an  inch.     This  pressure  must  be 


January  n,  1879. 1 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


23 


exerted  against  the  front  and  back  tube-sheets 
and  transferred  to  the  shell  of  the  boiler.  The 
front  tube-sheet  cannot  yield  excepting  to  an 
almost  inappreciable  amount.  The  outside 
■he!!  will  be  stretched  and  tin-  tubes  compressed 
somewhat  under  the  strain,  bat  after  making 
allowance  for  these  effects  it  will  be  seen  that 
the  greater  part  of  the  strain,  due  to  the  elonga- 
tion of  the  tube**,  must  !><■  exerted  on  the  back 
tuW-sheet,  and  this  in  turn  \*  transmitted  to 
-iheots  and  stay-bolt  of  the  tire-box.  h 
in  no  vender  they  are  broken. 

It  in  remarkable  that  no  one  has  devised  any 
method  of  compensating  or  permitting  this  om- 
pansion   of    the  tnbes   without  rabjecti 
other  parts  of  the  boiler  to  excessive  sti 

It  teems  as  if  there  were  some  grave di 
the  prill  imotiveboilere. 

Whether  they  can  be  remedied  tt  is  too  early  to 
answer,  but  it  is  certain  that  much  of  the  work- 
manship and  the  design  of  the  details  could   be 

immensely    improved    without    any    increase    of 

knowledge  on  the  part  of  those  who  ha*  e  charge 
of    their    construction,   excepting    that   whioa 
ood  mechanic   should  have,  and   which 
can  Ik:  found  in  elementary  books. 


Boulder  County  Ore  Product  for   1878. 

The  .V  '  r  of    l  N  comber  27th,  is 

authority  for  the  following:  <  >n  account  of  the 
many  channels  for  the  disposal  of  ore,  especially 
the  smaller  lotti  of  the  higher  grades— which  in 
the  Sggreate  amount  to  no  mean  sum — it  is 
somewhat  difficult  to  arrive  at  the  ore  product 
Of  a  given  section.  Below,  we  give  an  approxi- 
mation of  the  larger  amounts  which  have  been 
purchased,  or  treated  within  the  county  and 
bandied  as  bullion,  for  the  year  just  closing: 
lUiliion  stttppsd  bj  agpiess  up  so  tbs  BOtb  lD8t,93M,fil9.00 

touted  la  end  at  wiiO lo.ouu.uo 

Purchased  '■>    Boston  .^  t  Solorado  Kuductiun 

Oompanjra  works  a(   Black  Hawk,  fur  10 

months  ending  with  October:    Gold,  9178,- 

"  250,000.00 

Bsmei  ut  Argo  works  tor  diquUib  o(  November 

and  December  (estimated) 50,000.00 

Paid  i.\  Golden  Smelting  Company  up  to  23d 

Inst.,  net 40,123. r>o 

Add  deduetioos  fur  loss  mid  treatment  (esti- 
mated)        8,000.00 

Small  lots  of  rich  ores  shipped  to  Omaha  and 

Newark,  soy 10, 

On  9  Shipped  t..  other  points,  Buy 10,000.00 

Bullion  sent  out  of  the  county  other  than  by 

express,  any 20,000.00 


UsEfdL     lfJpO[\f«\JION. 


-The  JUaiutfaciurer  aw/ 

calls  the  at  tout  ion  of    manufacturers 

who   cast    heavy   pieces    of    glass,   and    also    uf 

millers,  to  a  recent  '■■  inian  diseoveiy,  that    the 

line  it  Boux  ia  produced  by  those  miUstonea 
which    have  tl  -y  texture  and   com- 

[»Hit ion,  and  the  consequent  discovery  that 
ined  in  the  same  way  aa  the 
French  burr,  and  similarly  grooved  on  their 
surfaces,  will  grind  better  than  the  burr  mill- 
stones.  The  oonseqneneA  of  this  discover}  hai 
been  the  invention  of  the  glass  miUstou 
made  bj  om,  and  used  in  Germany 

and  Borkendorf  with  great  satisfaction,  as  it  is 
found  that  they  grind  more  easily  and  do  not 

heat  tlie  Hour  as  mueh  as  is  the  cose  with  the 
French  burr  stone,     in  grinding  grist  they  run 

perfectly  cold.  In  order  to  make  such  stones, 
blocks  of  glass  id  from  six  to  twelve  inches  Wide 

ii'  casl  in  a  shape  .similar  to  the  French  burrs, 
but  more  regular  and  uniform.  They  are  con- 
nected with  Dement  in  the  same  way,  and  dressed 
and  furrow  cut  with  picks  and  pointed  hammers; 
but  it  is  believed  that'  diamond-dressing  ma- 
chines might  be  profitably  applied.  It  is  said 
that  these  millstones,  made  of  Lumps  of  hard 
glass,  do  not  wear  away  faster  than  the  burr 
stones.  Stones  of  four  and  a  half  feet  in  dia- 
meter, driven  by  six-horse  power,  ground  220 
pounds  of  Hour  an  hour,  and  did  it  remaining 
cold.  The  grist  is  drier,  looser,  and  the  hull 
more  thoroughly  separated  from  the  kernel  than 
ia  the  case  with  other  stones. 


Total 8718,64£  BO 

This  will  probably  be  rather  under  than  over 
the  actual  yield.  The  Trenton  works  at  Colden 
are  supposed  to  have  purchased  some  ores  in  the 
early  part  of  the  season,  and  probably  some  of 
the  Denver  works  bought  small  lots.  The 
shipments  to  Omaha  and  Newark  have  fallen 
off  largely  of  late  years,  but  we  are  assured 
that  they  still  receive  occasional  lots.  Boyd's 
product  all  goes  into  the  express  company's 
shipments.  But  private  individuals  are  often 
intrusted  with  small  lots  of  bullion  which  are 
not  thus  accounted  for.  We  are  indebted  to 
Prof,  Cregory  Board,  of  the  Golden  works,  and 
to  Mr.  H.  R.  Wolcott,  of  the  Black  Hawk 
works,  for  some  of  the  figures  herein  given. 

Silver  Cuff. — Carl  Wulsten,  in  a  letter  to 
the  Denver  Tribune,  dated,  Rosita,  Custer  county, 
Dec.  Sth,  says  :  Silver  Cliff  to-day  is  as  good  a 
mining  camp  as  Colorado  can  show,  and  its  horn 
Bilver  deposits  will  yield  millions  before  they 
play  out,  if  they  ever  will.  I  declare  that  they 
will  turn  into  good  silver  bearing  veins  when 
properly  developed.  I  have  found  horn  silver 
with  the  same  rock  as  at  the  Cliff  eight  miles 
from  the  Cliff  and  have  traced  the  belt-  for  14 
miles  now.  I  have  sauntered  along  the  obsidian 
belt  and  made  several  valuable  discoveries  since 
1  was  last  in  the  Cliff  four  weeks  ago,  and  I  am 
more  than  ever  satisfied  that  the  Silver  Cliff 
mines  will  hold  out,  and  that  their  belt  extends 
southeast  14  miles.  How  does  it  happen  that 
this  same  obsidian  formation  shows  such  regular 
extent  and  upon  a  straight  southeast  course  3" 
Is  that  evidence  of  a  mere  deposit  or  of  a  strati 
tied  volcanic  dike  in  regular  extension  ? 


To  Prevent  Rust. — Prof.  Olmstead,  author 
of  "Olmstead's  Natural  Philosophy,"  gives  the 
following  as  a  preventive  of  rust:  For  farm 
implements  of  all  kinds,  having  metal  surfaces 
exposed,  for  knives  and  forks,  and  other  house 
hold  apparatus,  indeed  for  all  metals  likely  to 
be  injured  by  oxidation  or  "rusting:"  Take 
any  quantity  of  good  lard,  and  to  every  half 
pound  or  so,  add  of  common  resin  ("rosin")  an 
amount  about  equal  to  the  size  of  an  egg  or  less 
—a  little  more  or  less  is  of  no  cononsequence, 
Melt  them  slowly  together,  stirriug  as  they  cool, 
Apply  this  with  a  cloth  or  otherwise,  just 
enough  to  give  a  thin  coating  to  the  metal  sur 
face  to  be  protected.  It  can  be  wiped  off  nearly 
clean  from  surfaces  where  it  will  beuudesirablej 
as  in  the  case  of  knives  and  forks,  etc.  The 
resin  prevents  rancidity,  and  the  mixture  pre> 
eludes  the  ready  access  of  air  and  moisture.  A 
fresh  application  may  be  needed  when  the  coat- 
ing is  washed  off  by  friction  of  beating  storms 
or  otherwise. 


i  1  1  1  1  Luin,  -Tins  substance,  though  pre- 
pared by  Mr.  Hyatt,  an  American,  as  long  ago 
as  1869,  has  only  lately  Wen  turned  to  much 
practical  account.  It  is  prepared  by  subject- 
ing ordinary  paper  to  the  action  of  a  mixture  of 
uitric  and  sulphuric  acids;  washing  this  till  all 
trace  of  acid  disappears;  drying  the  product, 
powdering  the  same,  and  mixing  it  with  Cam- 
phor;  drying  ami  repeatedly  pressing  this  mix- 
ture, at  last  applying  heat,  when  the  celluloid 
appears  in  the  form  of  transparent,  elastic  rods 
or  slabs.  As  it  is  hard  and  not  easily  broken 
at  ordinary  temperatures,  susceptible  of  high 
polish,  and  capable  of  being  cut  into  extremely 
thin  plates,  yet  elastic,  and,  at  high  tempera- 
lures,  malleable,  plastic  and  even  fusible,  it  has 
become  extensively  used  in  the  manufacture  of 
the  rims  of  eye-glasses,  cheap  ornaments,  cigar 
cases,  etc.,  and,  when  colored,  as  a  means  of 
imitating  ebony,  lapis  lazuli  and  malachite.  It 
has  also  been  employed  in  making  elastic  belts, 
trusses,  etc.,  and  some  of  its  applications  in 
dentistry  were  patented  as  early  as  the  year  of 
its  discovery.  —  Sfomtmr  dea  Prodttiia  Chim. 

Uinsim;  Wish  Bottles. — Bottles,  afterbcing 
some  time  in  use,  are  apt  to  acquire  a  crust  or 
coating  very  difficult  to  remove  by  ordinary 
rinsing.  The  Bohmisehe  Hi  •Thru  hat  gives  tho 
following  methods  for  removing  such  impurities: 
1st,  soak  them  in  permanganate  of  potash  ;  2d, 
rinse  the  bottles  out  with  a  solution  of  equal 
parts  of  muriatic  acid  and  water  ;  3d,  chloride 
of  lime  and  water  in  the  proportion  of  one  ounce 
of  the  lime  to  two  pints  of  water,  and  allow  the 
bottles  to  lie  in  the  solution  for  three  or  four 
days  ;  4th,  strong  sulphuric  acid  may  be  put 
into  the  bottles,  which  may  then  be  corked  and 
allowed  to  stand  for  a  day  or  two.  This  should 
remove  the  strongest  crust.  Either  of  these 
four  methods  requires  great  care.  The  chemi- 
cal should  in  all  cases  be  carefully  rinsed  out 
with  clean  water,  and  it  should  be  borne  in 
mind  that  all  acids  are  extremely  injurious  to 
clothes,  etc. 

Cellulose  Washers. — For  the  purpose  of 
packing  joints  which  are  to  be  hermetically 
sealed,  as  retort-connections,  couplings,  etc., 
where  vulcanized  rubber  has  usually  been  used, 
cellulose  appears  to  be  even  a  better  material. 
It  is  very  cheap,  readily  absorbs  water  at  first, 
thereby  becoming  pliable,  and  adapts  itself 
more  accurately  to  the  surfaces  it  is  intended  to 
make  tight.  If  a  joint  is  exposed  to  steam, 
and  is  to  be  frequently  opened,  the  cellulose 
should  be  soaked  in  oil. 


Si  QAfi, — Is  not  sugar  an  objectionable  article 
bf  food?  Ans. — No.  Sugar  is  a  carbodiydrate, 
and  bears  a  close  relationship  to  fat,  only  the 
latter  contains  about  two  and  a  half  times  as 
much  force-giving  quality.  It  is  objected  to 
sugar  that  it  deranges  digestion,  obstructs  the 
liver,  spoils  the  teeth,  and  in  many  ways  does 
harm — no  doubt  of  it.  Taken  on  an  empty 
stomach,  and  in  great  quantities,  sugar  is  injuri- 
ous; but  as  a  part  of  our  food,  and  used  in 
moderation,  sugar  is  not  only  harmless  but  very 
beneficial.  Children  should  be  allowed  a 
reasonable  amount  of  sugar  as  a  part  of  their 
meals,  but  candies,  as  generally  sold,  made 
partly  of  sugar  or  glucose,  and  many  poisonous 
ingredients,  should  never  find  their  way  into 
the  stomachs  of  our  little  ones.  So,  too,  the 
syrups  made  by  the  action  of  sulphuric  acid  on 
corn-starch,  or  the  refuse  in  curn-stareh  fac- 
tories, making  a  beautiful  golden-drip  syrup,  is 
a  very  dangerous  article,  spoiling  both  stomach 
and  teeth.  In  using  sugar  or  syrups,  choose 
only  the  purest  and  best  sorts,  otherwise  mueh 
harm  will  come  from  them.  As  you  value  teeth, 
stomach,  aud  health,  never  use  those  articles  of 
food  manufactured  in  the  chemist's  shop;  if  you 
do,  you  must  expect  to  sutler  the  consequences. 
Half  the  ills  of  life  Mould  lie  avoided  by  careful 
attention  to  the  wise  choice  and  adaptation  of 
food  to  daily  needs. — Dr.  Holbrook. 


Singular  Occurrence. — The  fishing  smacks 
along  the  coast  of  Florida,  report  a  stream  of 
fresh  or  poisonous  water  along  the  coast,  that 
kills  all  the  fish  in  its  range.  They  report  sail- 
ing for  200  miles  through  dead  fish,  covering 
the  sea  as  far  as  the  eye  could  reach  with  all  the 
varieties.  Immediately  on  the  shore  the  water 
is  salt  and  natural,  while  leas  than  a  mile  off  it 
appears  of  a  red  brick  color. 


Defxh  of  Hoots. — Mr.  Foote,  in  Massachu- 
setts, has  traced  out  the  tap  root  of  a  common 
red  clover  plant  downward  to  the  perpendicular 
depth  of  nearly  five  feet,  Hon.  J.  Stanton 
Gould  followed  out  the  roots  of  Indian  corn  to 
the  depth  of  seven  feet,  and  states  that  onions 
sometimes  extend  their  roots  downward  to  the 
depth  of  three  feet;  lucerne,  15  feet.  Hon. 
George  Geddes  sent  to  the  museum  of  the  New 
York  State  Society  a  clover  plant  that  had  a 
root  four  feet  two  inches  in  length.  Louis 
Walkoff  traced  the  roots  of  a  beet  plant  down- 
ward four  feet  where  they  entered  a  drainpipe. 
Prof.  Schubart  found  the  roots  of  rye,  beans  and 
garden  peas  to  extend  about  four  feet  downward; 
of  winter  wheat,  seven  feet  in  light  subsoil, 
47  days  after  planting.  The  roots  of  clover  one 
year  old  were  three  and  a  half  feet  long;  those 
of  two  year  old  plantB  four  inches  long. — Factory 
and  Farm. 


Cement  for  Leather. — Of  many  substances 
lately  brought  very  conspicuously  to  notice  for 
fastening  pieces  of  leather  together,  and  in 
mending  harness,  joining  machinery  belting, 
and  making  shoes,  one  of  the  best  is  made  by 
mixing  ten  parts  of  sulphide  of  carbon  with  one 
of  oil  of  turpentine,  and  then  adding  enough 
gutta-percha  to  make  a  tough,  thickly  flowing 
liquid.  One  essential  prerequisite  to  a  thorough 
union  of  the  parts  consists  in  freedom  of  the  sur- 
faces' to  be  joined  from  grease.  This  may  be 
accomplished  by  laying  a  cloth  upon  them  and 
applying  a  hot  iron  for  a  time.  The  cement  is 
then  applied  to  both  pieces,  the  surfaces  brought 
in  contact,  and  pressure  applied  until  the  joint 
is  dry. 


Q©OD     hfE^tXH" 


Raw  Onion  (\s  a  Diurbwc. —  Dr.  G.  W. 
Balfour,  in  the  Edinburg  Medical  Journal, 
records  three  cases  in  which  much  benefit  was 
afforded  patients  by  the  eating  of  raw  onions 
in  large  quantities.  They  acted  as  a  diuretic 
in  each  instance.  Case  first  was  a  woman  who 
had  suffered  from  a  large  white  kidney  and  con- 
striction of  the  mitral  valve  of  the  heart.  Her 
abdomen  and  legs  had  been  tapped  several 
times,  but  after  usiug  onions  as  above  she  had 
been  free  from  dropsy  for  two  years,  although 
still  suffering  from  albuminuria.  Case  second 
suffered  from  heart  disease,  cirrhotic  liver  and 
dropsy.  Case  third  had  dropBy  depending  on 
tumor  of  the  liver.  In  both  of  them  the  rem- 
edy had  been*  used  with  good  results.  Both 
had  been  previously  tapped,  purgatives  and 
diuretics  alike  having  failed  to  give  relief.  All 
other  treatment  having  failed  to  give  relief,  re- 
course was  had  to  the  onions.  Under  their  use 
the  amount  passed  steadily  rose  from  10  to  15 
ounces  to  7S  or  100. — Herald  of  Health. 


Milk  in  Medicine. 

Milk  and  lime-water  are  now  frequently  pre- 
scribed by  physicians  in  cases  of  dyspepsia  and 
weakness  of  the  stomach,  and  in  some  cases  are 
said  to  prove  beneficial.  Many  persons  who 
think  good  bread  and  milk  a  great  luxury  ho- 
quently  hesitate  to  eat  it,  for  the  reason  that 
milk  will  not  digest  readily;  sourness  of  the 
stomach  will  often  follow.  But  experience 
proves  that  lime-water  and  milk  are  not  only 
food  and  medicine  at  an  early  period  of  life, 
but  also  at  a  later,  when,  as  in  the  case  of  in- 
fants, the  functions  of  digestion  and  assimula- 
tion  have  been  seriously  impaired.  A  stomach 
taxed  by  gluttony,  irritated  by  improper  food, 
inflamed  by  alcohol,  enfeebled  by  disease,  or 
otherwise  unfitted  for  its  duties,  will  resume  its 
work,  and  do  it  energetically,  on  an  exclusive 
diet  uf  bread  and  milk  and  lime-water.  A  gob- 
let of  cow's  milk  may  have  four  tablespoonfuls 
of  lime-water  added  to  it  with  good  effect.  The 
way  to  make  lime-water  is  simply  to  procure  a 
few  lumps  of  unslaked  lime,  put  the  lime  in  a 
stone  jar,  add  water  until  the  lime  is  slaked  and 
of  about  the  consistency  of  thin  cream;  the  lime 
settles,  leaving  the  pure  and  clear  lime-water 
at  the  top.  Great  care  should  be  taken  not  to 
get  the  lime-water  too  Btrong.  Keep  to  the 
direction  as  to  the  consistency,  and  when  the 
water  rises  pour  it  off  without  obtaining  any  of 
the  lime. — Herald  of  Health. 


Profit  on  COINAGE. — After  buying  the  silver 
for  coinage,  paying  for  the  transportation,  and 
allowing  for  wastage  in  the  process  of  coinage, 
since  the  commencement  of  coinage  of  the 
standard  dollar  the  Government  has  profited, 
between  the  legal  tender  value  and  the  real 
value  of  bullion  which  it  contains,  to  the 
amount  of  about  $1,000,000. 


Cost  of  the  Electric  Light. —The  cost  of  the 
16,000-candle  power  electric  light  at  the  Palace 
hotel,  San  Francisco,  has  been  estimated  as 
follows  :  Interest  on  the  investment,  wear  and 
tear  of  the  machinery,  etc.,  is  estimated  at  U5 
cents  ;  cost  of  coal,  40  cents  ;  carbon,  28  cents 
engineer,  10  cents  ;  oil,  etc.,  3  cents;  total 
$1.25  an  hour. 


A  Locomotive  in  a  Quicksand. — A  locomo- 
tive went  through  a  bridge  on  the  Kiowa 
creek,  42  miles  east  of  Denver,  Col.,  last 
spring,  and  instantly  disappeared  in  the  quick- 
sand bed  of  the  creek,  baffling  all  attempts  to 
recover  it.  For  the  past  six  months  the  search 
for  the  missing  locomotive  has  been  kept  up, 
resulting  in  success  a  few  days  ago,  when  it 
was  found  buried  40  feet  deep  in  the  quicksand. 
The  sand  had  been  removed  for  a  great  number 
of  yards  around  the  scene  of  the  disappearance 
of  the  engine,  a  hydraulic  ram  being  used,  the 
locomotive  being  found  at  last  after  a  search  of 
six  months.  The  instance  is  one  of  the  most 
remarkable  on  record. 


A  number  of  horse  cars  were  lately  shipped 
to  Calais,  France,  to  be  used  in  running'  from 
that  plaoe  to  the  suburb  of  St.  Pierre,  over  a 
road  constructed  with  English  capital.  Orders 
are  expected  soon  from  other  European  cities. 


Electrical  Test  for  Oils. — Prof.  Palmieri, 
of  Naples,  has  recently  constructed  an 
apparatus  which  allows  the  purity  of  oils  to  be 
judged  of  by  the  resistance  that  they  offer  to 
the  passage  of  electricity.  Olive  oil — a  poorer 
conductor  than  any  other — is  taken  as  the 
standard  of  comparison.  The  apparatus  may 
also  serve  to  reveal  the  presence  of  cotton  in 
silk  fabrics  ;  for  a  very  small  proportion  of 
cotton  in  silk  tissues  greatly  increases  the 
conductivity  of  the  latter. 


Ajitipicial  Milk. — The  American  Journal 
of  Pharmacy  says  the  best  substitute  for 
mother's  milk,  according  to  Martiny,  is  the 
yolk  of  chicken  egg,  which  weighs,  on  an  aver- 
age, 231  grains,  and  when  diluted  with  two 
ounces  of  water  of  about  100"  and  76  grains  of 
milk  sugar,  has  nearly  the  same  composition  as 
the  milk  in  the  first  period  of  lactation.  Sub- 
sequently, the  fat  and  protein  decrease,  and  to 
one  yolk  may  be  added  four  ounces  of  water, 
and  100  grains  of  milk  sugar. 


Weak  Eves. — Bathe  in  soft  water  that  is 
sufficiently  impregnated  with  spirits  of  camphor 
to  be  discernible  to  the  smell — teaspoonful  of 
spirits  of  camphor  to  tumbler  of  water.  For 
inflamed  eyes  use  milk  and  camphor,  adding  a 
little  more  of  the  camphor  than  above. — Herald 
of  Health. 

Raw  Oysters  are  more  digestible  than  cook- 
ed ones.  It  is  believed  by  some  that  there  is  a 
true  gastric  juice  in  an  oyster's  stomach,  which 
assists  in  digesting  them.  This,  however,  is 
not  known  with  certainty. 

Turnips  and  carrots  contain  about  90^  of 
water.  Their  chief  value  is  as  a  divisor  of  more 
nutritious  food,  to  allow  the  gastric  juice  to  act 
on  it  more  readily,  and  as  a  relish,  j 


Phosphorus  a  Cure  for  Sciatica. — It  is  not 
ordinarily  wise  to  try  remedies  "  for  effecting 
cures  which  one  finds  in  the  newspapers.  But 
where  the  ingredients  are  such  that  no  harm 
can  arise  from  their  trial,  and  the  source  from 
which  the  prescription  emanates  is  likely  to  be 
reliable,  the  afflicted  will  gladly  try  almost  any 
remedy  recommended.  Dr.  Volquardsen  reports 
in  Schmidt's  Dictionary  and  the  Pesth  Medico- 
Charurg.  Pres.se,  both  good  authorities,  from 
which  the  London  Medical  Record  copies,  a  case 
of  sciatica  which  lasted  for  two  years  and  defied 
all  treatment.  He  then  arrived  at  the  idea  of 
trying  the  internal  use  of  phosphorus,  which  he 
prescribed  in  doses  of  15  milligrammes  (about 
one-fourth  of  a  grain)  three  times  a  day.  Three 
days  sufficed  to  obtain  a  marked  improvement, 
and  three  weeks  brought  a  complete  cure. 


Brain  Poisoned  by  Tobacco. — A  peculiar 
case  of  metal  hallucination  has  just  appeared  in 
Battle  Creek,  Mich.,  in  the  person  of  a  young 
man  about  IS  or  20  years  old.  He  is  a  cigar- 
maker  by  trade,  and  has  been  in  the  habit  of 
smoking  from  10  to  30  "green"  cigars  daily. 
He  has  not  drank  liquor  sufficient  to  produce 
delirium,  and  yet  he  is  a  raving  lunatic,  and 
suffers  all  the  horrible  phantasmagoria  that  per- 
tain to  the  fully  developed  tremens.  He  has 
worked  in  and  used  tobacco  ever  since  early 
boyhood.  Of  late  years  he  had  used  it  exten- 
sively, principally  in  strong  cigars  ;  and  it  is 
supposed  that  the  nicotine  has  so  poisoned  and 
shattered  his  mind  as  to  partly  paralyze  it,  thus 
producing  the  disorder.  He  has  been  taken  to 
the  insane  asylum  at  Kalamazoo  for  treatment. 

Deprivation  of  Solar  Light. — It  has  been 
repeatedly  claimed  that  depriving  miners  of 
solar  light  injuriously  affects  their  health.  This 
point  has  recently  engrossed  the  attention  of 
Dr.  Favre  at  the  Commentry  collieries.  He 
does  not  think  that  the  mortality  of  miners  must 
be  attributed  to  the  action  of  the  deprivation  of 
solar  light  upon  the  blood,  and  cites  by  way  of 
confirmation  that  he  examined  the  blood  of 
certain  of  the  horses  which  were  kept  under- 
ground all  the  year,  and  he  found  the  normal 
number  of  corpuscles  in  the  blood. 


Remedy  for  Color  Blindness. — La  France 
Meditate  states  that  M.  Delbceuf  has  found  that 
if  a  person  afflicted  with  Daltonism  looks 
through  a  layer  of  fuchsiue  in  solution,  his  iu- 
firmity  disappears.  A  practical  application  of 
this  discovery  has  been  made  by  M.  Joval,  by 
interposing  between  two  glasses  a  thin  layer  of 
gelatine  preyiously  tinted  with  fuchsiue.  By 
regarding  objects  through  such  a  medium  all 
the  difficulties  of  color  blindness  are  said  to  be 
corrected. 


A  Man  "who  Burst. — A  German  medical 
journal  gives  an  account  of  a  man  who  literally 
burst  from  taking  four  plates  of  potato  soup,  and 
many  (how  many  is  not  stated)  cups  of  tea  and 
milk,  followed  by  a  large  dose  of  bicarbonate  of 
soda  to  aid  digestion.  His  stomach  swelled 
enormously,  and  tore  the  diaphragm,  causing 
immediate  death. 


24 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[January  n,  1879, 


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SAN   FRANCISCO: 
Saturday  Morning,   Jan.    11, 


1879. 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


GENERAL  EDITORIALS.— Walled  Lakes  ;  Barnes' 
Foot-Power  Lathe  ;  Machine  Shop  Rambles;  Three  More 
Railroads ;  Screw  Cutting  Tools  in  Sets,  17.  The  Week ; 
The  Silver  Producers ;  The  San  Francisco  Chemical 
Works;  The  Annual  Bullion  Yield,  24,  A  Curious 
Water  Elevator  and  Air  Compressor ;  Yokutsian  Geo- 
logy ;  An  Improved  Vertical  Mining  Pump,  25.  New 
Incorporations;  A  Kingdom  for  a  Process;  Bullion  Ship- 
ments, 28. 

ILLUSTRATIONS.  —  Barnes'  Foot-Power  Lathe  ; 
Elterich's  Saw  Cutting  Tools,  17.  Deane's  Double  Act- 
ing Vertical  Mining  Pump  and  Engine,  25. 

MINING  STOCK  MARKET.— Sales  at  the  San 
Francisco,  California  and  Pacific  Stock  Boards,  Notices 
of  Assessments,  Meetings  and  Dividends,  20. 

MINING  SUMMARY  from  the  various  counties  of 
California,  Nevada,  Arizona,  21-28. 

NEWS  IN  BRIEF  on  29  and  other  pages. 

CORRESPONDENCE.— The  Search  for  Refractory 
Ores;  Defects  in  the  Mining  Laws;  Cost  of  Artesian 
Wells;  Refractory  Ores,  18. 

MECHANICAL  PROGRESS.— Dry  Graphite  fo 
Steam  Cylinders;  Locomotives  Without  Fire;  A  Magic 
Car;  The  Age  of  Steel;  Composition  of  Bronze  for  Ma 
chinery;  Preservation  of  Timber  for  Mining  and  Rail- 
road Purposes,  19. 

SCIENTIFIC;  PROGRESS— An  Alleged  Dissoeia- 
tion  of  the   Elements;  Discovery  of  a  New  Mineral,  19. 

THE  ENGINEER. —The  Strength  of  Locomotive 
Boilers,  22-23. 

USEFUL  INFORMATION— Glass  Millstones;  To 
Prevent  Rust;  Depth  of  Roots;  Cement  for  Leather;  A 
Lpcomotive  in  a  Quicksand;  Electrical  Test  for  Oils; 
Celluloid;  RinsingWine  Bottles;  Cellulose  Washers,  23. 

GOOD  HEALTH.— Milk  in  Medicine;  Artificial  Milk; 
Weak  Eyes;  Sugar;  Raw  Onion  as  a  Diuretic;  Phospho- 
rus a  Cure  for  Sciatica;  Brain  Poisoned  by  Tobacco;  De- 
privation of  Solar  Light;  Remedy  for  Color  Blindness; 
A  Man  who  Burst,  23. 

MISCELLANEOUS.  —Snake  River  Again;  Our  Solar 
System;  Why  the  Sierra  Nevada  is  Larger  than  the  Coast 
Range;  Buying  Gold  at  Boise,  18.  Mines  and  Works  of 
Almaden.— No.  17;  The  Clifton  Copper  Mines,  22. 
Boulder  County  Ore  Product  for  1878;  Silver  Cliff;  Sin- 
gular Occurrence;  Profit  on  Coinage;  Cost  of  the  Elec- 
tric Light,  23. 

NEW   ADVERTISEMENTS. 

itSTSilver  Plated  Copper  Amalgamating  Plates,  San 
Francisco  Plating  Works,  E.  G.  Denniston,  Prop'r.  flSTThe 
Frue  Ore  Concentrator,  Adams  &  Caiter,  Agents,  S.  F. 
iJSTPortable  Engines  For  Sale,  Joseph  Enright,  Jan  Jose. 
jJSTDividend  Notice— German  Savings  and  Loan  Society, 
S.  F.     flSTDelinquent  Notice— Summit  Mining  Co. 


The  Week. 

The  week  has  shown  us  some  little  promise 
in  the  way  of  rain,  but  the  envious  north  wind 
blew  off  the  clouds  before  very  much  moisture 
was  precipitated.  Water  is  badly  needed  every- 
where except  in  the  Comstock  mines,  where 
they  have  a  surplus  they  would  like  to  get  rid 
of.  Nothing  startling  has  occurred  in  mining 
circles  during  the  week  just  closed,  nor  have 
stock  circles  been  at  all  agitated.  S.  P.  Dewey 
has  issued  a  pamphlet  oa  the  bonanza  mines  of 
Nevada,  in  which  he  claims  to  expose  gross 
frauds  of  the  management.  As  far  as  we  can 
see,  from  a  casual  examination  of  the  pamphlet, 
it  relates  principally  to  a  quarrel  between  the 
writer  and  the  bonanza  firm.  It  contains,  how- 
ever, some  diagrams  of  the  mines,  showing  sec- 
tions of  ore  bodies,  etc.  A  feature  of  the  week 
we  should  all  note  with  pleasure,  as  showing 
our  standing  as  a  nation,  is  the  remarkable  suc- 
cess of  the  funding  scheme.  In  the  first  five 
working  days  of  the  new  year,  Secretary  Sher- 
man sold  .§28,000,000  of  the  4%  bonds,  a  fact 
unprecedented  in  the  history  of  funding  opera- 
tions. The  banks  which  have  6%  bonds  on  de- 
posit with  the  Treasury  to  secure  their  circula- 
tion, are  withdrawing  them  to  sell  before  the 
premium  drops  off,  and  replacing  them  |With  4% 
bonds.  This  exchange,  which  has  just  com- 
menced with  regard  to  the  series  of  1867,  will 
cause  a  demand  of  from  $50,000,000  to  $100,- 
000,000  of  4%  bonds. 


The  San  Francisco  Chemical  Works. 

We  have  of  late  frequently  called  the  atten- 
tion of  our  readers  to  some  of  the  more  deserv- 
ing technical  industries  which  have  grown  up 
in  our  midst,  and  it  is  our  intention  to  continue 
to  do  so  from  time  to  time,  as  we  believe  that 
it  is  to  the  interest  of  our  readers  and  to  the 
benefit  of  the  coast  that  we  should  do  so. 

In  furtherence  of  this  idea  we  recently  paid  a 
visit  to  the  new  establishment  of  the  San 
Francisco  Chemical  Works,  at  Berkeley.  These 
works  are  owned  by  Mr.  Egbert  Judson,  well 
known  to  most  of  our  readers  as  the  inventor  of 
the  * 'Judson  powder,"  and  by  Mr.  J.  L.  N. 
Shepard.  They  were  formerly  situated  in  San 
Francisco,  but  as  the  city  extended  itself  to  the 
suburbs,  it  became  necessary  to  find  a  more 
distant  locality  for  them,  and  they  were  very 
wisely  removed  to  Berkeley.  The  firm  pur- 
chased what  was  formerly  an  island,  about  a 
mile  north  of  the  Berkeley  landing,  and  is  at 
present  separated  from  the  main  land  by  a  low 
and  nearly  swampy  tract,  but  may  be  approach- 
ed either  by  the  sandy  beach  or  by  a  good 
wagon  road.  These  works  are  upon  the  shore 
of  the  bay,  and  a  good  landing  is  obtained  for 
sailing  vessels  by  a  wharf  which  runs  out  to 
deep  water. 

The  only  products  of  manufacture  at  the 
present  time  are  nitric  acid,  sulphuric  acid  and 
fine  sulphur.  Muriatic  acid  can  be  made  at 
any  time  when  it  is  called  for,  although  there 
does  not  seem  to  be  any  very  great  demand  for 
it  on  this  coast,  and  the  firm  have  already  a 
quantity  on  hand  sufficient  to  supply  all  the  de- 
mand which  may  be  made  for  a  long  time.  The 
firm  supply  the  U.  S.  Mint  with  the  nitric  acid 
for  the  separation  of  silver  and  gold  in  the  bul- 
lion which  they  buy  for  coinage.  The  acid  for 
this  purpose  is  required  at  a  strength  of  only 
38°  B.  (about  55%  of  HNO3  ),  but  it  must  be 
very  pure  and  especially  free  from  chlorine. 
The  sulphuric  acid  which  the  mint  requires  is 
63°  B.  (about  82%  of  H2SO4.)  Besides  this 
they  make  stronger  sulphuric  and  nitric  acids 
for  the  manufacture  of  nitro-glycerine.  The 
nitric  for  this  purpose  runs  as  high  as  49°  B.  (a 
little  more  than  91%  of  HNO3  ),  and  the  sul- 
phuric acid  as  66°  B.  (89%  of  H2  SO*  ). 

The  Sulphuric  Acid 
Is  manufactured  in  the  usual  way  by  introduc- 
ing the  vapors  of  burning  sulphur,  nitrous 
fumes  and  steam  into  condensing  chambers  of 
lead.  The  total  volume  of  the  lead  chambers  is 
150,000  cubic  feet.  The  vapors  after  passing 
through  these  chambers  escape  through  a  coke 
tower  through  which  water  is  constantly  trick- 
ling. The  diluted  acid  is  concentrated  in  lead 
pans,  which  are  economically  heated  by  the 
burning  sulphur,  until  the  vapor  of  sulphuric 
acid  begins  to  be  given  off,  when  the  now  par- 
tially concentrated  acid  is  conveyed  into  a 
series  of  large  glass  retorts  which  are  arranged 
upon  a  step-like  furnace,  so  that  the  overflow 
from  one  retort  may  pass  into  the  next  succeed- 
ing by  the  action  of  gravity  alone.  The  con- 
centrated acid  finally  flows  from  the  last  retort 
into  a  cooling  apparatus,  and  finally  from  thiB 
into  the  reservoirs  of  lead,  from  which  it  is 
conveyed  to  the  landing  in  pipes,  thus  avoiding 
expense  in  the  handling  of  material.  The 
fumes  from  the  boiling  acid  pass  into  a  special 
condenser  made  for  the  purpose,  and  are  thus 
also  utilized.  The  sulphur  from  which  this 
acid  is  made  was  formerly  obtained  from  Japan, 
it  is  now  obtained  in  large  quantities  and  in  a 
state  of  great  purity  from  Nevada.  The  acid 
at  present  made  at  the  works  is,  we  are  in- 
formed by  Prof.  Rising  of  the  University,  of 
great  purity  for  a  commercial  article,  and  con- 
tains hardly  any  traces  of  arsenic,  the  usual 
impurity  of  sulphuric  acid.  The  method  of 
concentrating  the  acid  in  use  at  these  works  is 
a  continuous  method,  and  is  on  this  account  a 
great  improvement  on  the  old  one  in  use  at 
most  places,  which  necessitates  loss  of  time  and 
labor  by  the  intermittent  nature  of  the  pro- 
cess. Mr.  Judson,  during  a  recent  trip  to 
Europe,  bought  in  London  at  an  expense  of 
some  §5,000  or  $6, 000,  a  platinum  still,  made 
by  a  new  method,  in  a  solid  piece  of  metal, 
without  any  of  the  usual  jointings.  By  means 
of  this  apparatus,  which  will  replace  the  last 
two  of  the  retorts  of  glass,  it  is  expected  that  a 
much  more  rapid  concentration  will  be  effected. 
The  present  capacity  of  the  works  is  about 
1,400  pounds  concentrated  sulphuric  acid  per 
day. 

Fine  Sulphur 
Is  also  manufactured  from  the  Nevada  sulphur, 
by  a  centrifugal  mill,  which  produces  sulphur 
almost  as  fine  as  flour  of  sulphur.  This  is 
largely  used  for  the  manufacture  of  ordinary 
black  powder. 

The  Nitric  Acid 
Is  manufactured  from  nitrate  of  sodium  from 
Chile.  The  nitrate  is  kiln-dried  by  the  waste 
heat  of  the  furnaces,  and  the  sulphuric  acid 
used  to  set  free  the  nitric  acid  is  of  66°  B.,  and 
consequently  the  nitric  acid  produced  is  much 
stronger  than  would  be  otherwise  the  case. 
Eight  iron  retorts,  holding  about  1,000  pounds 
each  are  used,  and  the  nitric  acid  vapor  from 
each  retort  passes  first  through  a  series  of  eight 
balloons  of  glass,  then  through  10  earthenware 
jars  of  35  gallons  capacity,  and  finally  through 
another  series  of  eight  glass  balloons  before  it 
passes  out  into  the  tall  chimney  and  into  the 
air.  The  distilled  acid  is  then  boiled  until  the 
chlorine  is  driven  off.  The  nitric  acid  is  not 
made  by  a  continuous  process  as  is  the  sulphuric 


acid,  but  a  charge  is  run  in  each  retort  once  in 
24  hours.  The  total  amount  of  nitrate  of  soda 
used  per  day  is  about  two  and  a  half  tons. 

The  total  cost  of  the  entire  plant  for  this  man- 
ufacture is  from  $50,000  to  $75,000,  and  in- 
cluding the  land  and  other  items  represents  an 
investmentof  nearly  $100,000.  Thereare  12men 
employed  in  all.  Mr.  C.  C.  Judson  is  Superin- 
tendent. 


The  Annual  Bullion  Yield. 

John  J.  Valentine,  General  Superintendent  of 
Wells,  Fargo  &  Co.,  has  prepared  the  following 
annual  statement  of  precious  metals  produced 
in  the  States  and  Territories  'west  of  the  Mis- 
souri river,  including  British  Columbia,  and  re- 
ceipts in  San  Francisco  from  the  west  coast  of 
Mexico  during  1878,  which  shows  aggregate 
products  as  follows:  Gold,  $38,956,231;  silver, 
$38,746,391;  lead,  $3,452,000.  Total  grosB  re- 
sult, $81,154,622— being  less  by  $17,267,132 
than  for  1877. 

California  shows  an  increase  in  gold  of  $2,068,- 
000,  but  a  decrease  in  silver,  etc.,  of  $1,323,- 
000 — a  net  increase  of  $745,000.  Nevada  Bhows 
a  total  falling  off  of  $16,398,341;  the  yield  from 
the  Comstock  being  only  $21,295,043,  as  against 
$37,911,710  for  1877;  a  decrease  offe$16,616,667 
from  that  locality.  The  product  of  Eureka  dis- 
trict is  $6,981,406,  as  against  $5,676,057  for 
1877;  an  increase  of  $1,305,349.  Montana 
shows  a  marked  increase,  all  in  silver.  Utah  a 
falling  of  over  $2,000,000,  but  nearly  $1,000,- 
000  of  it  is  caused  by  the  reduced  valuation  of 
silver  and  lead  bullion.  Although  Colorado 
shows  $1,680,802  less  than  for  1877,  the  yield 
has  been  really  greater,  as  reports  to  us  for  1877 
duplicated  the  product  of  certain  localities,  but 
the  duplication  was  not  discovered  soon  enough 
to  be  corrected  in  our  statement  for  that  year. 


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The  bullion  from  the  Comstock  lode  contained 
45%  gold  and  55%  silver.  Of  so-called  baBe 
bullion  from  Nevada,  30%  was  gold,  and  of  the 
whole  product  of  the  State,  35%  was  gold. 

The  gross  yield  for  1878,  shown  above,'  segre- 
gated, is,  approximately,  as  follows: 

Gold,  48% 838,956,231 

Silver,  48% 38,746,391 

Lead,  4% 3,462,000 


Total „ 881,154,622 

All  probabilities  now  indicate  that  the,  yield 
of  gold  and  silver,  from  the  sources  named,  for 
1879  will  not  greatly  exceed  870,000,000. 

Following  is  the  annual  net  product  of  lead, 
silver  and  gold,  from  1870  to  1S79,  of  the  States 
and  Territories  west  of  the  Missouri  river,  ex- 
clusive of  British  Columbia  and  west  coast  of 
Mexico: 

Lead. 

1870 81,080,000 

1871 2,100,000 

1872 2,260,000 

1873 3,450,000 

1874 3,800,000 

1875 6,100,000 

1876 5,040,000 

1877 6,086,250 

1878 3,452,000 

The  exports  of  silver  during  the  present  year 
to  Japan,  China,  India,  the  Straits,  etc.,  have 
been  as  follows:  From  Southampton,  §29,000,- 
000;  Marseilles  and  Venice,  $1, 000,000;  San 
Francisco,  §9,000,000.  Total,  §39,000,000,  as 
against  $105,000,000  from  the  same  places  in 
1877. 


Silver. 

Gold. 

817,320,000 

$33,750,000 

19,286,000 

34,398,000 

19,924,429 

38,177,395 

27,4S3,302 

39,206,558 

29,699,122 

38,466,488 

31,635,239 

39,968,194 

39,292,924 

42,SS6,935 

45,846,109 

44,880,223 

37,248,137 

37,576,030 

An  association  offering  homes  in   New   Mex- 
ioo,  along  a  line  of  projected  railroad,  isattract-    -  ~,      .  - 

ing  some  attention  among  Washington  working-    is  authorized  to  act  as  agent  for  the  Press,  to 
men.  I  receive  and  receipt  for  subscriptions,  etc. 


The  Silver  Producers. 

Resumption  of  specie  payments  by  the  Gov- 
ernment of  the  United  States  being  an  accom- 
plished fact,  there  is  a  propriety  in  asking  afresh 
the  question :  Does  the  Government,  in  its  coin- 
age enactments  rob  (as  is  alleged)  the  silver 
producers  of  a  fifth  of  their  hard  winnings  out 
of  the  bowels  of  the  earth  ?  Or  is  the  20%  dis- 
count on  silver  only  the  dropping  of  the  value 
of  silver  in  the  market  of  the  world,  caused  by 
over-production? 

These  are  questions  of  vital  interest  to  every 
miner  and  stockholder  in  our  great  cordilleran 
industry.  For  if  it  be  true  that  the  consump- 
tion and  demand  for  silver  is  actually  in  excess 
of  its  production  at  the  present  time,  the  Ger- 
man demonetization  is  to  be  considered  as  an 
adventitious  drawback  to  our  silver  interest, 
which  calls  plainly  for  a  remedy.  Such  there 
must,  and  is  now,  within  the  reach  and  power 
of  our  independent  specie  paying  nation. 

A  margin  of  one-fifth  of  the  product,  it  will 
be  seen,  is  equivalent  to  more  than  one-half  of 
the  net  profit,  which  is  thus  lost,  instead  of  re- 
warding the  enterprising  and  energetic  silver 
miner. 

For  making  the  coin  the  United  States  pookets 
this  fifth  to  the  extent  of  its  requirements  for 
coinage.  It  matters  little  who  gets  the  rest  if 
the  producer  is  robbed.  Yet  of  the  vitality  of 
our  silver  interest  there  could  be  no  better  evi- 
dence than  itB  ability  to  bear  up,  as  it  has  done, 
against  odds.  It  would  have  shut  down  prob- 
ably, most  of  the  copper,  iron  and  coal  mines  in 
the  country  long  ago. 

There  are  powerful  conflicting  interests  rep- 
resented in  trade,  banking  and  mining,  on  the 
currency  question.  But  the  currency  question 
is  now  a  thing  of  the  past.  The  voice  of  these 
conflictingjinterests  has  been  heard  so  loudly  and 
conflictingly  through  the  press  that  to-day, 
when  resumption  is  an  accomplished  fact,  the 
currency  question  passes  into  history,  leaving 
upon  the  minds  of  the  people  something  like  the 
impression  of  a  muddle.  It  will  be  easier,  per- 
haps, to  deal  with  the  silver  question  pure  and 
simple. 

One  of  the  prominent  questions  now  before 
Congress — which  met  on  Tuesday  of  the  past 
week  after  its  holiday  recess — is  the  "ounce 
dollar"  proposition,  a  remnant  of  the  currency 
muddle.  Probably  it  will  be  readily  disposed 
ft  if.  It  is  based  upon  the  assumption  that  sil- 
ver is  not  worth  412£  grains  to  the  dollar  of 
gold,  but  that  it  ought  to  be  worth  about  480 
grains,  because  480  grains  happens  to  be  an 
ounce  Troy.  That,  it  is  claimed,  would  make 
an  "honest  dollar." 

But  the  market  determines  what  is  an  honest 
dollar;  and  tinkering  legislation  is  not  likely  to 
improve  its  honesty.  To  have  an  honest  dol- 
lar, the  Government  should  make  coinage  as 
nearly  free  as  possible;  thereby  allowing  silver 
to  find  its  own  proper  level,  in  relation  to  gold. 
Mr.  Valentine's  report  on  the  production  of 
gold  and  silver  for  the  year  1878,  does  not  bear 
out  the  assumption  that  the  amount  of  the  lat- 
ter is  disproportionate  to  that  of  gold. 

Nor  is  it  likely  that  the  experience  of  the 
world  for  many  centuries  is  to  be  set  at  naught 
touching  the  use  of  silver  as  a  metal  adapted  to 
coinage,  and  for  circulation  as  currency.  Of 
the  §300,000,000  of  silver  thrown  out  of  circu- 
lation by  Germany,  only  about  a  fourth  now  re- 
mains unabsorbed  after  three  years' time. 

If  all  unnecessary  and  artificial  restrictions 
in  coinage,  on  the  part  of  the  American  Con- 
gress were  removed,  the  silver  question  would 
probably  soon  settle  itself;  and  the  silver  pro- 
ducers would  get  what  they  most  assuredly  de- 
serve, their  full  and  fair  reward  for  engaging  in 
an  industry  of  the  utmost  importance  to  this 
Western  country,  and  to  the  nation  at  large; 
beset  at  the  same  time  with  other  than  preju- 
dicial legislation  in  regard  to  coinage,  and  from 
its  peculiar  nature  calling  for  the  largest  en- 
terprise, energy  and  capital  combined. 

Our  NexI1  Decade. — Mr.  Hittell  divides  his 
History  of  San  Francisco  into  subdivisions  em- 
bracing the  "Indian  Era,"  the  "Spanish  Era," 
the  "Village  Era,"  the  "Golden  Era,"  and  the 
"Silver  Era."  It  may  be  said  that  the  same 
subdivisions  apply  to  the  coast  at  large,  in  a 
degree — only  substituting  "Hudson  Bay  Era'* 
and  "Russian  Era, "  for  Oregon  and  Alaska  re- 
spectively. On  the  whole  our  coast  is  scarcely 
beyond  the  Village  Era;  but  it  is  evident  now 
that  the  Coming  Era  will  be  an  era  of  towns. 
These  towns  will  be  built  up  by  Railroads. 
Next  week  we  will  publish  an  original  illustra- 
tion, showing  to  the  eye  at  a  glance  the  annual 
mileage  of  railroads  built  in  this  country,  for 
the  purpose  of  showing  clearly,  along  with  some 
supplementary  facts,  the  coming  era  of  the  Pa- 
cific cost  is  an  Era  of  Railroads  and  city  build- 
ing separate  and  apart  from  San  Francisco. 

Revisiting  Bodie.— Jos.  Wasson,  well  known 
to  the  readers  of  this  journal  in  connection  with 
Bodie  district  during  the  past  year,  returns 
there  for  the  purpose  of  remaining  for  two  or 
three  months  to  come.  He  expects  to  note 
developments  even  more  thoroughly  than  before, 
and  furnish  our  readers  with  another  series  of 
letters.  He  is  a  hard  worker — sees  things  for 
himself — and  his  observations  concerning  min- 
ing matters  are  accordingly  trustworthy.     He 


January  IX,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


25 


A  Curious   Water   Elevator    and    Air 
Compressor. 

Mr.  John  Patten,  of  this  city,  has  recently 
obtained  through  the  MiNih'i;  ABU  BoCKKTmC 
Pkk&s  Patent  Agency  u  patent  on  a  device  for 
compressing  air  and  raising  water.  The  air  iB 
compressed  by  means  of  a  descending  column  of 
water;  the  water  is  raised  by  the  action  of  the 
air  thus  compressed.  This  is  by  no  means  a 
perpetual  motion  machine,  although  its  work- 
ing is  quite  peculiar.  The  apparatus  is  divided 
into  sections  of  two  different  kinds,  one  for 
compressing  air  and  the  other  for  raisiug  water. 
Several  sections  of  both  kinds  can  be  connected 
together  in  a  series  of  short,  independent  com- 
pressors and  lifts,  and  put  in  the  form  of  a 
siphon,  in  which  case  the  water  will  be  raised 
to  any  desired  bight  by  discharging  it  a  little 
lower  than  where  it  is  first  taken  from,  and  em- 
ploying more  compression  than  lifting  sections. 
In  this  case  no  water  will  be  used  but  what  is 
being  raised  by  the  apparatus.  In  localities 
where  there  is  access  of  surface  water,  that  can 
be  used  in  connection  with  the  water  that  is  be- 
ing raised,  the  outlet  will  not  have  to  be  below 
the  level  of  the  inlet.  The  variation  will  de- 
pend on  the  amount  of  water  used,  and  how  far 
it  descends  while  being  used  in  the  apparatus. 

For  raising  water  out  of  rivers,  etc.,  a  certain 
amount  of  water  will  be  raised  a  certain  bight, 
by  the  descent  of  an  equal  amount  of  water 
through  a  greater  distance  than  the  ascending 
column  is  raised;  or  by  the  descending  of  a 
greater  quantity  through  a  less  distance,  and 
so  on.  No  matter  what  form  the  apparatus  is 
put  in,  the  compressing  sections  will  be  put  a 
certain  distance  apart,  along  the  descending 
column  of  water;  and  the  elevating  sections 
will  be  put  a  little  less  apart,  along  the  ascend- 
iug  column.  At  each  compressing  section  the 
water  displaces  its  equal  bulk  of  air,  which  is 
conveyed  in  an  air-pipe  to  the  elevating  sec- 
tions, where  the  air  displaces  its  equal  volume 
of  water;  i.  e.,  raises  it  from  one  section  to  the 
section  above.  The  compressed  air  can  be  used 
tor  running  machinery  instead  of  raising  water, 
if  desired. 

The  air  compressor  consists  of  two  chambers 
setting  side  by  side,  which  rill  and  empty  with 
air  and  water  alternately.  They  are  connected 
with  supply  and  discharge  water  pipes  at  the 
bottom,  and  atmospheric  air  and  receiving  air 
pipes  at  the  top.  There  is  a  Hoat  in  each  cham- 
ber that  regulates  a  set  of  automatic  valves, 
situated  at  the  bottom  of  the  chambers,  which 
allow  one  chamber  to  rill  while  the  other  is 
emptying,  and  as  soon  as  one  gets  full  and  the 
other  empty,  they  instantly  reverse,  causing 
the  full  one  to  empty  and  the  empty  one  to  till, 
and  vise  vwsa.  At  the  top  of  the  chambers  is  a 
set  of  ingress  and  egress  valves  (check  valves). 
While  one  chamber  is  emptying,  an  ingress 
valve  opens,  which  allows  the  chamber  to  rill 
with  atmospheric  air.  When  the  action  is  re- 
versed, and  the  chamber  begins  to  fill  with 
water,  the  ingress  valve  closes  and  allows  no 
air  to  escape  into  the  atmosphere.  When  the 
air  is  compressed  up  to  a  pressure  equal  to  the 
higbt  of  the  column  of  water  that  is  filling  the 
chamber,  an  egress  valve  opens  which  connects 
the  receiving  air-pipe  with  the  chamber,  and  as 
the  water  fills  the  chamber  the  air  is  displaced 
and  forced  into  the  air  pipe,  in  which  it  is  con- 
veyed to  the  elevating  sections. 

The  elevating  section  consists  of  two  cham- 
bers, setting  side  by  side,  connected  with  sup- 
ply and  discharge  water  pipes  at  the  bottom,  and 
supplying  air  pipe  and  the  atmosphere  at  the 
top.  There  is  a  set  of  valves  on  top  of  the 
chambers,  which  alternately  change  the  com- 
pressed air  from  one  chamber  to  the  other; 
while  one  chamber  is  connected  with  the  atmos- 
phere, the  other  is  connected  with  the  com- 
pressed air,  and  vice  versa.  There  is  a  set  of 
ingress  and  egress  valves  at  the  bottom  of  the 
chambers,  the  former  connecting  with  the  sup- 
ply pipe  and  the  latter  with  the  discharge  pipe. 
To  illustrate  the  operation:  Suppose  one  cham- 
ber to  be  filled  with  water  and  ^the  other  with 
air,  the  one  that  is  filled  with  water  to  be  con- 
nected with  the  compressed  air  and  the  other 
with  the  atmosphere;  suppose  the  air  to  have  a 
pressure  of  50  pounds  per  square  inch;  this 
pressure  on  the  surface  of  the  water  will  force 
it  downward  through  the  egress  valve,  at  the 
bottom,  into  the  discharge  pipe,  in  which  it  will 
be  raised  to  a  hight  of  100  feet.  While  the  air 
is  thus  forcing  the  water  out  of  one  chamber, 
the  other  will  be  filling  from  the  supply  pipe; 
as  soon  as  one  gets  full  and  the  other  empty, 
the  air  valves  instantly  reverse,  causing  the 
same  operation  as  just  described.  When  the 
air  has  the  above-mentioned  pressure  and  the 
water  is  to  be  elevated  to  any  very  great  hight, 
the  elevating  sections  will  occur  once  in  every 
100  feet;  if  the  pressure  is  less,  they  will  occur 
oftener,  the  discharge  pipe  of  one,  forming  the 
supply  pipe  of  the  one  just  above  it. 

Persons  desirous  of  obtaining  further  infor- 
mation on  this  subject,  can  address  or  call  on 
the  inventor,  Mr.  John  Patten,  18  and  20  Fre- 
mont street,  San  Francisco. 


Yokutsiau  Geology, 

The  legends  of  all  nations  are  verbal  classics 
which  often  contain  the  substance  of  close  obser- 
vation and  intimate  acquaintance  with  nature's 
phenomena.  In  this  guise  they  are  the  aborigi- 
nal forms  of  science,  without  any  separating 
line  between  the  known  and  the  uukuown.  The 
aboriginal,  the  infantile,  and  tho  uncultured 
mind  alike  find  recourse  and  pleasure  in  a  solu- 
tion of  fancy.  Theory  is  interwoven  with  nat- 
ual  phenomena  in  a  plausible  way. 

"Why  the  Sierra  Nevada  is  Larger  than  tho 
Coast  Range,"  on  our  inside  pages,  is  an  amus- 
ing example  of  the  manner  in  which  our  Cali- 
fornia valley  Indians  have  bridged,  with  this 
ancient  and  time-honored  bridge  of  fancy,  a  gap 
like  the  Yosomite  valley  which  they  found  be- 
tween the  known  and  the  unknown.  All  the 
aboriginal  nations  have  personified,  in  this 
manner,  the  mystery  of  the  Great  First  Cause, 
and  the  origin  of  evil.  Many  of  them  deify  the 
perfect  man.  For  a  people  to  have  heroes  and 
not  to  worship  them,  argues,    indeed,   a  degree 


An   Improved   Vertioal   Mining   Pump. 

Among  the  great  variety  of  Deane's  patent 
steam  pumping  machinery  for  mining  and  other 
puposes,  kept  in  stock  by  Messrs.  Parke  &  Lacy, 
agents  for  mining  machinery,  No.  417  Market 
street,  in  this  city,  is  the  vertical  mining  engine 
and  pump,  shown  in  the  accompanying  engrav- 
ing. This  machine  is  uuequaled  for  many  situ- 
ations where  water  is  to  be  taken  from  deep 
wells  or  from  coutraoted  shafts. 

The  engine  is  usually  placed  over  the  mouth 
of  the  well  or  shaft, where  it  can  be  convenient- 
ly oiled  and  tiiuled,  and  is  connected  with  the 
pump  at  the  bottom  by  a  properly  guided  rod. 
But  one  pipe  is  necessary  in  the  Bhaft — that  for 
discharging  water. 

By  a  patented  arrangement,  the  up  stroke 
and  down  stroke,  through  the  whole  length, can 
be  regulated  with  valves,  which  control  the 
motion  of  the  steam  piston,  but  not  by  simply 
closing  the  ports,  and  compelling  the  engine  to 
work  against  back  pressure. 

These  machines  are  made  with  any  diameter 
of  cylinders,  from  the  smallest  to   the   largest, 


<=■*  JBWKIN.SC. 

DEANE'S    DOUBLE    ACTING-    VERTICAL    MINING    PUMP    AND    ENGINE. 


The  Post  Office  department  has  reduced  the 
prices  of  stamped  envelopes  on  an  average  20%, 
the  effect  of  which  has  been  to  largely  increase 
the  requisitions  for  the  same. 

Cork  refused  to  receive  Gen,  Grant. 


of  stolidity  and  a  lack  of  the  capacity  to  appre- 
ciate adequately  what  is  lofty  and  grand  in 
character. 

Many  are  the  pretty  conceits  of  the  Greeks 
accounting  for  the  origin  of  the  earth,  and  the 
heavens,  and  the  waters  around  and  under  the 
earth.  They  were  the  results  of  the  observa- 
tion and  thoughtfulness  of  ancient  philosophers 
intimate  with  nature.  She  led  on  to  an  abyss 
of  darkness,  and  the  poetic  mind  bridged  it 
with  a  love  story. 

Until  the  geologists,  or  the  poets  of  the   day, 

five  us  a  better  reason  for  the  dominance  of  the 
ierra  over  the  Coast  mountains,  the  Yokutsian 
philosophy  will  hold. 

An  Annual  "Mining  Summary"  for  the  Pacific 
States  and  Territories,  during  the  year  1878, 
will  be  published  in  the  Mining  Press  shortly. 
There  are  not  many  persons  in  a  position  to 
realize  what  progress  is  really  made  in  this  vast 
region. 

By  the  time  the  Oriental  mill,  recently 
purchased  by  the  Deadwood  mining  company, 
of  Nevada  county,  is  ready  to  commence  work, 
the  lessees  will  have  a  crushing  of  from  125  to 
150  tons  ready,  which,  judging  from  past  yields, 
should  go  as  high  as  $40  per  ton. 

Juan  Mongasi  would-be  assassin  of  the 
Spanish  king,  has  been  executed. 


and  with  any  desired  length  of  stroke.  The 
water  valves  and  passages  are  easily  accessible. 
These  pumps  work  well  when  submerged.  The 
engraving  represents  this  double  acting  vertical 
pump  and  engine,  16-inch  steam  cylinder,  10- 
inch  water  cylinder,  and  24-inch  stroke.  A  great 
variety  of  these  steam  pumps  are  made,  which 
we  shall  take  occasion  to  illustrate  from  time  to 
time.  Any  order  can  be  filled  by  Parke  &  Lacy 
at  short  notice. 


Meteorological  Summary  for  December. 
— The  report  of  the  U.  S.  Signal  Service  officer, 
of  San  Francisco,  for  the  month  of  December,  is 
summarized  as  follows:  The  mean  hight  of 
barometer  for  the  month  was  30.118;  mean 
temperature,  51.6°;  mean  humidity,  59.4;  pre- 
vailing winds,  north;  highest  barometer,  30.477; 
lowest,  29.723;  highest  temperature,  68°;  low- 
est, 40°;  monthly  range,  28°;  greatest  velocity 
of  wind,  40  miles  per  hour;  total  number  of 
miles  traveled  by  wind,  5,529;  total  rainfall,  .58 
inches.  Rainfall  in  December  during  former 
years:  1871,  14.36  inches;  1872,  5.95  inches; 
1873,4.72  inches;  1874,  .33  inches;  1875,  4.15 
inches;  1876,  .00  inches;  1877,  2.66. 

The  New  York  Sun  speaks  of  the  Sandwich 
Islands  as  having  leaped,  in  the  last  half  cen- 
tury, from  barbarism  to  civilization.  Queen 
Emma  presents  a  greater  advance  over  Kam- 
ehameha  II.  than  Queen  Victoria  over  William 
the  Conquerer. 


Academy  of  Sciences. 

On  the  6th  inst.  the  annual  election  of  the 
officers  of  the  Academy  took  place.  There  was 
but  one  ticket  in  the  field.  All  the  old  officers 
were  re-elected,  with  the  exception  of  Corre. 
sponding  Secretary,  in  which  position  S.  B, 
Christy  succeeds  A.  B.  Stout.  The  officers 
are:  President,  George  Davidson;  First  Vice- 
President,  H.  W.  Harkness;  Second  Vice- 
President,  Henry  C.  Hyde;  Recording  Secre- 
tary, Charles  G.  Yale;  Corresponding  Secretary, 
S.  B.  Christy;  Treasurer,  Elisha  Brooks;  Libra- 
rian, Chas.  Troyer;  Director  of  Museum,  W. 
G.  W.  Harford.  Trustees— Wm,  Ashburner, 
R.  E.  C.  Stearns,  Ralph  C.  Harrison.  Geo.  E. 
Gray,  Thomas  P.  Madden,  John  F.  Miller,  B. 
B.  Redding. 

In  the  evening  the  annual  meeting  was  held. 
It  was  well  attended.  The  President,  George 
Davidson,  occupied  the  chair. 

Mr.  Ashburner  chairman  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees,  submitted  a  report,  in  which,  after 
reviewing  the  sources  of  the  finances  and  some 
other  things,  he  took  up  the  subject  of 

The  James  Lick  Trust, 
And  said:  "In  March  last  the  Judge  of  the 
Nineteenth  District  Court  rendered  a  decision 
against  the  Academy  in  the  suit  pending  against 
the  Lick  Trustees.  An  appeal  has  been  taken 
in  the  Supreme  Court,  and  the  case  is 
now  Bet  for  hearing  on  the  16th  inst.,  and  so  I 
confidently  expect  a  speedy  settlement  of  this 
question.  A  great  deal  of  obloquy  has  been 
heaped  upon  your  Board  for  the  position  it  has 
taken  in  this  matter,  and  the  Trustees  have  been 
accused  of  throwing  impediments  in  the  way  of 
an  execution  of  an  important  trust,  in  which  all 
the  people  of  the  State,  and  perhaps  the  world, 
are  greatly  interested.  I  trust  you  will  all 
believe  me  when  I  assure  you  that  this  Board, 
under  the  guidance  of  its  late  President,  has 
never  been  actuated  by  a  spirit  of  captious 
opposition,  but  has  always  been  united  as  one 
man  in  what  we  considered  due  to  the  Academy 
and  ourselves  as  Trustees  of  its  property.  When 
the  suggestion  of  a  compromise  was  first  made, 
we  immediately  recognized  the  propriety  of 
such  a  step,  and  assisted  in  its  being  carried  out, 
so  far  as  lay  in  our  power.  But  we  did  not  con- 
sider it  consistent  with  our  duties  as  Trustees  to 
relinquish  on  behalf  of  the  Academy  of  Sciences 
a  contingent  interest  in  a  property  which  we  all 
hope  will  one  day  prove  very  valuable,  without 
being  authorized  to  do  so  by  the  Courts.  The 
question  at  issue,  therefore,  is  not  whether  a 
compromise  shall  be  made,  for  this  has  already 
been  assented  to,  but  whether  the  money  to 
effect  this  shall  be  paid  out  of  the  residuum  of 
the  estate  after  paying  all  other  bequests,  and 
in  which  the  Academy  jointly  with  the  Society 
of  Pioneers  is  interested,  or  by  a  pro  rata  upon 
the  beneficiaries." 

The  Finances. 

The  Secretary  reported  as  follows:  Receipts 
for  the  year,  .$8,668.35;  disbursements  up  to 
December  31st,  $7,171. 73;  balance  on  hand, 
§1,496.62,  wich  two  or  three  bills  unpaid.  How- 
ever, since  the  opening  of  the  year,  the  society 
has  been  compelled  to  borrow  money  for  several 
purposes,  especially  to  square  up  a  very  heavy 
tax  bill;  so  that  the  society  is  really  in  debt 
$3,027. 

The  President's  Report. 

President  George  Davidson,  spoke  of  the 
effect  of  the  hard  times  on  the  finances  of  the 
society.  Notwithstanding,  the  ardor  of  the 
members  had  in  no  degree  cooled.  He  referred 
with  pleasure  to  the  spirit  of  unanimity  that 
had  prevailed  in  all  departments  during  the 
year.  He  hailed  with  satisfaction  the  advent 
of  many  new  and  energetic  members.  He 
spoke  favorably  of  the  action  of  the  trustees  in 
relation  to  the  Lick  Trust.  All  were  waiting 
quietly  for  the  legal  settlement  of  the  questions 
at  issue;  and  meanwhile  did  not  come  before  the 
public  in  discussions  that  could  be  of  no  avail. 
He  spoke  most  feelingly  of  the  late  D.  D.  Col- 
ton,  whose  energy,  sagacity  and  generosity,  he 
so  well  knew  from  contact  with  him  in  the 
affairs  of  the  society.  Like  reference  was  made 
to  the  late  William  Rulofson. 

B.  B.  Redding  presented  an  interesting  paper 
on  the  "Foothills  of  the  Sierra  Nevada,"  which 
we  shall  publish  next  week. 

Dr.  Herman  Baer  was  elected  a  life  member 
as  a  recognition  of  his  valuable  services  to  the 
Academy. 

A  vote  of  thanks  was  given  to  the  Secretary, 
Charles  G.  Yale,  who  has  for  several  years 
faithfully  performed  the  duties  appertaining  to 
that  office,  as  well  as  those  of  Secretary  of  the 
Trustees  and  Council,  without  any  compensa- 
tion. S.  R.  Throckmorton,  Edward  Bosqui  and 
Louis  Sloss,  were  appointed  a  committee  to 
audit  the  accounts  of  the  society. 


Dr.  Holdsworth  has  rich  claims  at  Milton 
on  the  ridge  17  miles  east  of  Forest  City,  and 
seven  miles  south  of  the  Buttes  and  on  the 
boundary  lines  of  Nevada  and  Sierra  counties. 
He  has  gravel  claims  and  rock  bearing  gold, 
silver,  and  copper.  The  description  of  the 
claims  in  the  Nevada  City  Transcript  makes 
the  Doctor  look  like  a  veritable  Croesus. 


During  the  past  six  years  the  Bald  Mountain 
Company,  Sierra  county,  has  paid  dividends  to 
the  amount  of  1664,000,  which  is  $110,666  per 
year.  Gold  to  the  amount  of  $1,300,000  has 
been  taken  from  the  mine  in  that  time, 


26 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[January  ii,    1879. 


DEWEY   &   CO. 
American  &  Foreign  PatentAgents 

OFFICE,  202  SANSOME  St.,  N.E.Cor.  Pink,  S.  F. 

PATENTS  obtained  promptly;  Caveats  filed 
expeditiously;  Patent  Reissues  taken  out 
Assignments  made  and  recorded  in  legal  form; 
Copies  of  Patents  and  Assignments  procured; 
Examinations  of  Patents  made  here  and  at 
Washington;  Examinations  made  of  Assign- 
ments recorded  in  Washington;  Examinations 
ordered  and  reported  by  Telegraph;  Rejected 
cases  taken  up  and  Patents  obtained;  Inter 
ferences  Prosecuted;  Opinions  rendered  re 
garding  the  validity  of  Patents  and  Assign- 
ments; Every  legitimate  branch  of  Patent 
Agency  Business  promptly  and  thoroughly 
conducted. 

Our  intimate  knowledge  of  the  various  inven- 
tions of  this  coast,  and  long  practice  in  patent 
business,  enable  us  to  abundantly  satisfy  our 
patrons;  and  our  success  and  business  are 
constantly  increasing. 

The  shrewdest  and  most  experienced  Inventors 
are  found  among  our  most  steadfast  friends 
and  patrons,  who  fully  appreciate  our  advan- 
tages in  bringing  valuable  inventions  to  the 
notice  of  the  public  through  the  columns  of 
our  widely  circulated,  first-class  journals — 
thereby  facilitating  their  introduction,  sale 
and  popularity. 

Foreign  Patents. 

In  addition  to  American  Patents,  we  secure, 
with  the  assistance  of  co-operative  agents, 
claims  in  all  foreign  countries  which  grant 
Patents,  including  Great  Britain,  France, 
Belgium,  Prussia,  Austria,  Baden,  Peru, 
Russia,  Spain,  British  India,  Saxony,  British 
Columbia,  Canada,  Norway,  Sweden,  Mexico, 
Victoria,  Brazil,  Bavaria,  Holland,  Denmark, 
Italy,  Portugal,  Cuba,  Roman  States, 
Wurtemburg,  New  Zealand,  New  South 
Wales,  Queensland,  Tasmania,  Brazil,  New 
Granada,  Chile,  Argentine  Rerjublic,  AND 
EVERY  COUNTRY  IN  THE  WORLD 
where  Patents  are  obtainable. 

No  models  are  required  in  European  countries, 
but  the  drawings  and  specifications  should  be 
prepared  with  thoroughness,  by  able  persons 
who  are  familiar  with  the  requirements  and 
changes  of  foreign  patent  laws — agents  who 
are  reliable  and  permanently  established. 

Our  schedule  price  for  obtaining  foreign  patents, 
in  all  cases,  will  always  be  as  low,  and  in 
some  instances  lower,  than  those  of  any  other 
responsible  agency. 

We  can  and  do  get  foreign  patents  for  inventors 
in  the  Pacific  States  from  two  to  six  months 
(according  to  the  location  of  the  country) 
sooner  than  any  other  agents. 

The  principal  portion  of  the  patent  business  of 
this  coast  has  been  done,  and  is  still  being 
done,  through  our  agency.  We  are  familiar 
with,  and  have  full  records,  of  all  former 
cases,  and  can  more  correctly  judge  of  the 
value  and  patentability  of  inventions  discov- 
ered here  than  any  other  agents. 

Situated  so  remote  from  the  seat  of  government, 
delays  are  even  more  dangerous  to  the  invent- 
ors of  the  Pacific  Coast  than  to  applicants  in 
the  Eastern  States.  Valuable  patents  may  be 
lost  by  extra  time  consumed  in  transmitting 
specifications  from  Eastern  agencies  back  to 
this  coast  for  the  signature  of  the  inventor. 

Confidential. 

We  take  great  pains  to  preserve  secrecy  in 
all  confidential  matters,  and  applicants  for 
patents  can  rest  assured  that  their  communi- 
cations and  business  transactions  will  be  held 
strictly  confidential  by  us.     Circulars  free- 

Home    Counsel. 

Our  long  experience  in  obtaining  patents  for 
Inventors  on  this  Coast  has  familiarized  us 
with  the  character  of  most  of  the  inventions 
already  patented;  hence  we  are  frequently 
able  to  save  our  patrons  the  cost  of  a  fruitless 
application  by  pointing  to  them  the  same 
thing  already  covered  by  a  patent.  We  are 
always  free  to  advise  applicants  of  any 
knowledge  we  have  of  previous  applicants 
which  will  interfere  with  their  obtaiuing  a 
patent. 

We  invite  the  acquaintance  of  all  parties  con- 
nected with  inventions  and  patent  right  busi- 
ness, believing  that  the  mutual  conference  of 
legitimate  business  and  professional  men  is 
mutual  gam.  Parties  in  doubt  in  regard  to 
their  rights  as  assignees  of  patents  or  pur- 
chasers of  patented  articles,  can  often  receive 
advice  of  importance  to  them  from  a  short  call 
at  our  office. 

Remittances  of  money,  made  by  individual  in- 
ventors to  the  Government,  sometimes  mis- 
cany,  and  it  has  repeatedly  happened  that 
applicants  have  uot  only  lost  their  money,  but 
their  inventions  also,  from  this  cause  and  con- 
sequent delay.  We  hold  ourselves  responsible 
for  all  fees  entrusted  to  our  agency. 

Engravings. 

We  have  superior  artists  in  our  own  office,  and 
all  facilities  for  producing  fine  and  satisfactory 
illustrations  of  inventions  and  machinery,  for 
newspaper,  book,  circular  and  other  printed  il- 
lustrations, and  are  always  ready  to  assist 
patrons  in  bringing  their  valuable  discoveries 
into  practical  and  profitable  use. 

DEWEY    &  CO. 
United  States  and  Foreign  Patent  Agents,  pub- 
lishers  Mining   and  Scientific   Press  and  the 
Pacific  Rural  Press,  202  Sansome  St.,  N  E. 
comer  Pine,   S,  F. 


In  consequence  of  spurious  imitations  of 

LEA    AND    PERRINS'    SAUCE, 

which  are  calculated  to  deceive  the  Public,  Lea  and  Perrins 
have  adopted  A  NEW  LABEL,  bearing  their  Signature, 
thus, 


d£. 


o>l 


*t<ir*-r2U0 


which  is  placed  on  every  bottle  of  WORCESTERSHIRE 
SA  UCE,  and  'without  which  none  is  genuine. 

Ask  for  LEA  &•  PERRINS'  Sauce,  and  see  Name  on  Wrapper,  Label,  Bottle  and  Stopper, 
Wholesale  and  for  Export  by  the  Proprietors,  Worcester;  Crosse  and  Blackwell,  London, 
&c,  &C.;  and  by  Grocers  and  Oilmen  throughout  the  World. 

To  be  obtained  of  CROSS  &  CO..  San  Iranclsco. 


Boswell  Pure  Air  Heater  Company, 

OF    CALIFORNIA. 
Eugene  L.  Sullivan,  Pres:t.      T.  C.  Winchell,  Vice-Pres't.      S.  R.  Lippincott,  Sec'y. 

Authorized  Capital,  $100,000.     Cash  Capital,  paid  up,  $32,000. 

o 

Manufacture  and  have  for  sale  any  size  or  capacity 

BOSWELL'S   PATENT    Combined   Cooker,    Heater  and  Drier. 

ALSO,    BOSWELL'S    COMMERCIAL    FRUIT    DRIER. 

ALSO,    BOSWELL'S    VENTILATING    HEATER. 

Office,  606  Montgomery  Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


Patents  for  Mining  and  Farm- 
ing Lands. 

Having  complete  arrangements  with  compe- 
tent and  reliable  parties  in  Washington  City,  by 
which  we  are  able  to  secure  prompt  and 
careful  attention  to  law  business  there,  we  are 
prepared  to  assist  Mill  and  Mine,  Canal  and 
Ditch  owners  in  securing  patents  for  their  lands, 
mines  and  claims,  in  addition  to  our  general  line 
of  patent  business. 

Many  who  are  acquainted  with  the  manner 
in  which  this  business  has  heretofore  been  con- 
ducted, (with  or  without  assistance  by  local 
attorneys),  will  see  at  once  the  great  advantage 
of  patronizing  an  establishment  that  is  thor 
oughly  organized  and  has  its  representatives  in 
Washington  to  look  after  and  prosecute  their 
applications  before  the  Commissioner  of  the 
General  Land  Office.  The  business  on  this 
Coast  will  be  attended  to  personally  by  a  mem- 
ber of  our  firm,  and  satisfaction  will  be  given  in 
all  respects. 

Correspondence  from  persons  desirous  of 
securing  patents  for  Lands,  Mines,  Mill  Sites, 
Canal  and  Bitch  property,  promptly  attended  to. 

Applicants  for  patents  for  mining  and  farm- 
ing land,  whose  claims  have  been  delayed  for 
any  reason,  will  find  it  to  their  advantage  to 
consult  with  us  and'  in  case  of  necessity  secure 
the  services  of  our  home  and  Washington  branch 
agency. 

DEWEY  &  CO., 

Solicitors  of  Patents  for  Lands,  Mines  and  In- 
ventions, Mining  and  Scientific  Press 
Office,  No  202  Sansome  St.,  San   Francisco 

Contents  of  Pamphlet  on  Public  Lands  of 
California,  U.  S.  Land  Laws,  Map  of 
California  and  Nevada,  Etc. 


Map  of  California  and.  Nevada ;  The  Public 
Lands;  The  Land  Districts;  Table  of  Rainfall  in  Califor- 
nia; Counties  and  Their  Products;  Statistics  of  the  State 
at  Largo; 

Instructions  of  the  IT.  S.  Land  Commis- 
sioners.— Diffe rent  Classes  of  Public  Lands;  How  Lands 
may  be  Acquired;  Fees  of  Land  Office  at  Location;  Agri- 
cultural College  Scrip;  Pre-emptions:  Extending  the 
Homestead  Privilege;  Lut  One  Homestead  Allowed;  Proof 
of  Actual  Settlement  Necessary;  Adjoining  Farm  Home- 
steads; Lands  for  Soldiers  and' Sailors;  Lands  for  Indians; 
Fees  of  Land  Office  and  Commissions;  Laws  to  Promote 
Timber  Culture;  Concerning  Appeals;  Returns  otthe  Reg- 
ister and  Receiver;  Concerning  Mining  Claims;  Second 
Pre-emption  Benefit. 

Abstract  from  the  U,  S.  Statutes.— The  Law 
Concerning  Pre-emption;  Cbnce'r^ng'HomesteaXls;  Amend- 
atory Act  Concerning  Timber;  Miscellaneous  Provisions 
Additional  Surveys;  Land  for  Pre-emption;  List  of  Calf* 
prnia  Post  Offices.     Price,  post  paid,  50  cts. 

Published  and  sold  by  DEWEY  &  CO.,  S.  F. 


Take  the  Paper  that  stands  by  your  In- 
terests. 


DEFLECTORS, 
Or    Perkins  vs.   Hoskin. 

H,  C.  PERKINS  has  for  giearly  two  years  be  n  threaten- 
ing orally  and  through  the  Press  to  prosecute  all  persons 
using  my  Patent  Deflecting  Nozzle,  but  for  good  reasons,  has 
failed  to  come  to  time.  I  want  miners  to  understand  that 
Deflectors  are  still  manufactured  and  sold,  and  that  I  will 
defend  all  suits  and  assume  all  responsibility.  Mr.  P.  will 
confer  a  favor  if  he  mil  carry  out  his  threat,  as  it  will  afford 
me  the  opportunity  I  desire  to  again  try  the  case,  and  he  can 
rest  assured  that  projexsionul  dodyes'VfUl  uot  again  be  allowed 
to  temporarily  thwart  the  ends  of  justice. 

I  feel  confident  that  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United 
States  will  ultimately  decide  in  my  favor.  The  superiority  of 
my  invention  is  shown  by  the  means  which  Mr.  P  has  resort- 
edto  in  trying  to  stop  my  sales.  Mr.  P.  has  so  degraded  him- 
self as  to  circular  t;  staU-inonts  which  he  knows  to  ho  false  and 
malicious.  Notwithstanding  the  great  number  of  my  De- 
flectors in  use,  I  have  heard  of  but  one  accident,  and  this  was 
caused  by  the  breaking  of  the  iron  lever  from  a  defect  in  the 
material  and  great  carelessness  in.  use.  This  circumstance 
Mr.  P.  has  magnified  into  several  deaths  and  numerous  acci- 
dents. I  refer  to  the  following  owners  and  Managers  for 
testimonials  as  to  safety  and  tlliuieucy.  Some  of  them  have 
used  and  discarded  Mr.  Perkins'  device  in  favor  of  my  much 
superior  one.  Messrs.  Gould,  Cold  Kim,  using  4;  Spaulding, 
Dutch  Flat,  on  different  mines,  12;  Stone.  Gold  Run,  '2; 
Morgan.  Little  York,  6.  Bisbee.  Iowa  Rill,  2;  Briere  & 
Wheeler,  Bath,  2;  McGillivry,  Forest  Hill,  4;  Atkins,  "Weav- 
ervillc,  2.  I  could  mention  scores  of  others,  hut  these  are 
sufficient. 

Mr.  Perkins'  device  is  an  infringement  on  a  patent  owned 
by  Mr.  Craig,  who  is  about  to  institute  legal  proceedings  to 
protect  his  rights.  Miners  are  advised  to  stand  from  under. 
A  word  to  the  wise  is  sufficient.  R.  HOSKIN, 

Manufacturer  of  Machines  for  Hydraulic  Mining.    Address, 

No.  29  Garden  Street,  San  Francisco,  or  Empire  Foundry, 

Marysville,  Cal. 


CAUTION 

To  Hydraulic  Miners. 

The  public  generally  and  Hydraulic  Miners  especially 
are  hereby  notified  that  any  parties  making  or  using  the 
contrivance  known  as  the  HOSKIN  DEFLECTOR  will  be 
prosecuted  to  the  full  extent  of  the  law,  said  machine 
having  been  declared  by  the  U.  S.  Circuit  Court  an  in- 
fringement upon  my  patent,  the 

Bloomfield  Deflecting  Nozzle. 

The  public  are  also  cautioned  against  using  the  Hoskin 
Deflector  because  of  its  danger  to  life  and  limb,  this  de 
vice  having  already  occasioned  several  deaths  and  othe 
serious  accidents.  The  BLOOMFIELD  DEFLECTOR  is 
entirely  safe,  its  two  and  a  half  years  use  without  acci- 
dent, as  well  as  its  construction,  proves  it  to  be  a  reliable 
contrivance. 

Any  parties  wishing  to  purchase  the  right  to  use  these 
Deflectors  can  do  so  by  applying  to  the  undersigned, 

HENRY  C.  PERKINS, 
North  Bloomfield,  Nevada  Co.,  Cal.,  Octo- 
ber 1st,  1878. 


South    Pacific    Coast    Railroad. 

New  Route  (Narrow-Gauge.) 

Commencing  Monday,  September  30th,  1878,  boats  and 
trains  will  leave  San  Francisco  daily  from  the  New  Ferry 
Lauding,  foot  of  Market  street,  at  5:30  A.  M..  9:00  \.  M.,  and 
4:00  P.  M.  for  ALAMEDA,  SAN  JOSE,  LOS  GATOS, 
ALMA,  and  all  way  stations. 

.s  tit-,'.  ■*  connect  willi  \KW  \.  W-  train  at  Alma  for  Santa  Cruz. 

EXCURSION  TICKETS  will  be  sola  Saturday  afternoons 
and  Sunday  mornings  from  San  Francisco  and  Alameda  to 
San  Jose,  Los  Gates,  and  Congress  Springs,  and  return,  at 
reduced  rates,  good  only  until  Monday  evening  following 
date  of  purchase, 

FEKIUES  AND  LOCAL  TEAINS,   DAILY. 

From  San  Francisco.— 5:30,  t6:40,  9:00,  10:30  A.  ar,;  1:30,  4:00, 

5:15,  6:30  P.  w. 
From  High  Street,  Alameda.— ,5:i0,  7:40,  9:04  a.  m.;  12  m.; 
2:40,  4:00,  5:16,  B;24r.  m, 

iDaily,  Sunday  excepted. 
The  Company  are  prepared  to  carry  vehicles  of  nil  kinds  on 
the  Ferry,  to  and  from  Sao  Francisco,  Alameda  and  Oakland. 
THOS.  CAIITER,  GEO.  H.  WAGGONER, 

Superintendent  Gen'l  Passenger  Agent 


Prompt  and  Succkssful. — Messrs.  Deioey  <t"  Co: — Qcv. 
tleincn:  Your  Circular  letter,  l'ith  inst.,  informing  me  of 
successful  termination  of  my  application  for  patent  re- 
ceived. Please  accept  thanks  for  the  prompt  and  suc- 
cessful manner  in  which  you  have  managed  this  business 
fours  respectfully,  J.  H.  Cavamaugh. 

Walla  Walla,  Dee.  24th. 


ijie$$;  bpctojy. 


WSl.    BARTLING. 


HENRY   KIMBALL 


BARTLING-    &    KIMBALL, 
BOOKBINDERS, 

Paper  Rulers  &  Blank  Book  Manufacturers. 

505  Clay  Street,(southwest  corner  Sansome), 

SAN  FRANCISCO. 


Lewis  Peterson.  John  Olsson. 

PETERSON   &  OLSSON, 

Model  Makers,  and  Manufacturers  of  Em- 
blematic Signs.    Models  for  the  Patent 
Offl.ce,  in  Wood  or  Metal,  a  Specialty, 

NO-    328   BUSH   STREET, 

Bet.  Montgomery  and  Kearny,  (up  stairs),  San  Francisco. 
All  kinds  of  tin,  copper  and  brass  work  made  to  order. 


San  Francisco  Cordage  Company. 

Established    1856. 

We  have  just  added  a  large  amount  of  new  machinery  of 
the  latest  and  most  improved  kiud,  and  are  again  prepared 
to  till  orders  tor  Rope  of  any  special  lengths  and  sizes.  Cou- 
3tautly  on  hand  a  largo  stock  of  Manila  Rope,  all  sizes: 
Tarred  Manila  RopeJ  Hay  Rope;  Whale  Line,  etc ,  etc. 
TUBBS  &  CO., 
611  and  013  Front  Street,  San  Francisco 


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Engraving  done  at  Ihis  office. 


MANUFACTURED  BY 


H.   ROYBR, 

Nos.  865,  867,  S59  &  S61  Bryant  Street,  Cor.  Park  Avenne 
SAN    FRANCISCO. 


Mcdonald  &  Johnson's 

STYLOGRAPH, 

— OR— 

Rapid  Letter  Copying  Books, 

Malting;  Instantaneous  Copying-same  moment  of  Writing, 
without  Pen,  Ink,  Pencil,  or  Copying  Press,  each  com- 
plete, in  all  sizes, 

From  75  Cents  to  $4.50. 

Address.  STYLOGRAPH    CO., 

12  California  St.,  San  Francisco, 

Awarded  highest  prize  at  Centennial  Exposition  for 
fine  chewing  Qualities  and  txrdlrnce  mid  ku-ling  char- 
acter of  sweetening  and  flrtvnrlng.  Tho  best  tobacco 
evor  raado.  As  oiir  hlite  strip  trade-mark  is  closely 
imitated  on  inferior  poods,  see  that  JacksOii's  £est  ia 
on  every  plug.  Sold  by  all  dealers.  Send  for  sample, 
free,  to  0-  A.  Jackson  &  Co.,  Mfra.,  Petersburg,  wh 

L.  &  E.  WERTHHBIMBR,  Ag'tS,  San  Francisco 


January  n,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


27 


Metallurgy  apd  Oreg, 

Nevada    Metallurgical    Works, 

No.  23    STEVENSON  STREET. 
Near  First  and  Market  Streets. 

Ores  worked  by  any  process. 

Ores  sampK-'l. 

Abbayihg  id  all  its  branohea. 

AnsJysu  »<i"  Oztoa,  hdinenls,  Waters,  etc 

WOBMXRQ  TB0tB  UAIML 

Flans  furnished  fur  the  fnoet  suitable  process 
l«»r  working  Una. 

Special   attention   paid  to    Examinations  of 
Mines;  plans  and  reports  furnished. 
E.  HUHN, 

C.  A.  LUCKHARDT, 
Mining  Engineers  and  Metallurgists 

JOHN  TAYLOR  &  CO., 

Importer*  of  and  Pim.1i.t-.  in 

ASSAYERS*   MATERIALS, 

CHEMICAL  APPARATUS  AND  CHEMICALS,  DRUG- 
GISTS' GLASSWARE  AND  SUNDRIES,  Etc. 

512  &  518  Washington  St.,  San  Francisco 

\\V  winiM  .-ill  the  Rpecial  attention  of  ASSsyelS,  Ghent 
iHtrt,  Mining  Companies, Hilling  Companies,   Prospectors, 

■ '■    ,1 itocs   "i  Claj   Crucibiea,  Muffles,  Pry  Cups, 

etc  ,  manufactured  to  the  Patent  Plumbago  Cruci- 
ble Co.,  of  London,  England,  for  which  we  bave 
1  if  Soli  A  gent*  for  t&  Pacific  Coatt.  Circulars 
with  prlosi  will  be  sent  upon  application. 

Ah  ■,  to  our  Lir.'L'  and  well  adapted  stuck  of 

Assayers'  Materials  &  Chemical  Apparatus, 

Having  been  engaged    in    furnishing   these   supplies  since 

Un  ant  discover)  ol  mines  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 

ifcarour  Gold  and  Silver  Tables,  showing  tlic  value  per 
ounce  Troj  at  dllferant  degrees  of  Oneness,  ami  valuable 
I  toll  -  tor  Compulation  ol  sssayi  in  yraina  and  grammes, 
will  bfl  sent  free  upon  application, 

JOHN    TAYLOR    &    CO. 

A.  J.  Kalhtok,  Prcs't.  PrkntissSklhy,  Supt. 

II.  D.  rxDKiuiiLL,  Sec'y. 

Selby  Smelt ing  .and  Lead  Co. 

Manufacturers  of 

Lead  Pipe,  Sheet  Lead, 

Drop,  Buck  and  Chilled  Shot,  Bar  Lead.  Pig 

Lead,  Solder,  Anti-Friction  Metal,  Lead 

Sash-weights,  Lead   Traps,    Block 

Tin,    Pipe,    Blue    Stone,   Etc., 

Office,  216  Sansome  St.,  San  Francisco 

Refiners  of    Gold    and    Silver    Bars   and    Lead    Bullion. 
Lead  and  Silver  Ores  purchased. 

Shot  Tower,  corner  First  and  Howard  streets.    Smelting 
Works,  North  Beach. 


LEOPOLD   KUH, 

(Formerly  of  the  U.  S.  Dranch  Mint,  S.  F.) 

Assayer   and    Metallurgical    Chemist, 

No.  611  COMMERCIAL.  STHBET, 
(Between  Montgomery  and  Kearny,) 

San  Francisco,  Cal. 


OTTOKAR  HOFMANN, 
METALLURGIST  and  MINING  ENGINEER, 

415  Mission  St..  bet.  First  and  Fremont  Streets, 
SAN    FBANCISCO. 
£2TErection  of  Leaching    Works  a  Specialty. 
itST  Leaching  Tests  made, 


TKOS.   PRICE'S 

Assay    Office    and    Chemical 
Laboratory, 

524  Sacramento  St.,  S.  P. 


O.  F.  Debtkbk.  Wm.  E.  Smith, 

PIONEER    REDUCTION   WORKS, 

No.  19  Channel  Street,   San  Francisco,  Cal 
G.  F.  DEETKEN,  MANAGER. 

Ugliest  price  paid  for  GOLD,  SILVER  and  Copper  Ores. 


METALLURGICAL    WORKS. 

STRONG    &    CO.,    IO  Stevenson   Street, 

ORES  SAMPLED,  TESTED,  ASSAYED. 


GU  IDO     KUSTEL, 

MINING  ENGINEER  and  METALLURGIST. 

P.    O     Address:    ALAMEDA,     CAL. 


San  Lorknzo,  Dccomber  (Jth,  1S77. 
Messrs.  Dewby  &  Go. — Gentlemen:  I  received  the  Let- 
ters Patent  for  my  invention  on  the  5th  inst. ,  and  beg 
to  thank  you  for  the  gentlemanly  and  business-like  man 
ner  in  which  you  have  dealt  with  me  from  the  beginning 
of  my  application.  I  shall  always  feci  it  a  pleasure  to 
recommend  you  to  all  I  come  iu  contact  with  who  need 
'  Letters  Patent.    Respectfully,  Wm.  Dale. 


Ingersoll  Rock  Drills. 


In  use  in    the    largest    and  best 
.Mines  of  the  Coast. 

HAS    AUTOMATIC  FEED. 

1  ias  less  Repairs. 

Is  Lighter  and  more   Easily  Ad- 
justed than  any  other  Drill. 
Our  DRY  AIR  COMPRESSORS  are  the  most  Economical  Compressors  in  the  Market. 

MINERS'  HORSE-POWER. 


■     This  I'.iv.   .  idaptod  to  irorktnfl  mines,  hoi  it 

Ing ooal or  bonding  material,  etc,    [twill  fio  the  workol  a 

SUmiii    lint; >wMi..in In.-  ..-xpL-usu.     Onu    1 1,, rue  uni 

.  a  .)>  botat  over  1,000  pounds  at  ndeoth  uf  50»  feel 

Tlie  Power  Is  mainly  built  ol  wrought  Iron,  and  cannot  be 
affected  by  exposure,  The  bolstlng-druiii  Ea  thrown  out  of 
geax  by  the  lever,  while  the  load  la  held  in  place  with  alirakn 
by  the  man  bending  buotet;  The  frame  of  the  Bower  is 
bolted  to  bed-timbere,  thua  avoiding  all  Cramc  work.  When 
required  these  Powers  ore  tnade  In  sections  for  packing. 


REYNOLDS,   RIX   &  CO.,  18  &  20   Fremont  St.,  San  Francisco. 


RUSSELL'S  AMALGAMATOR. 


Patented  June  25th,   1878. 


SAVE    ITOTJtt    GOLD 
And    Also    SAVE    YOUR    QUICKSILVER. 

The  above  Washer  and  Amalgamator  with  new  patent  Wire  Bridge  Quicksilver  Boxes  attached,  can  be  worked 
wet  or  dry,  either  by  hand,  steam,  horse  or  water  power,  and  is  easily  taken  apart  and  packed.  For  washing  Pulp, 
Eartli,  Gravel,  Mill  Tailings  or  Black  Sand,  it  is  without  a  rival. 

Has  been  Thoroughly  Tested  and  given  Complete  Satisfaction. 


The  entire  Lining,  Hanging  Plates,  Riffles  and  Boxes  Amalgamated 

IS    GUARANTEED    TO   SAVE    THE    FINEST    OR     FLOAT    GOLD. 

Capacity,  30  to  GO  tons  per  day,  according  to  size.     For  further  particulars  apply  to 

J.  MORIZIO,  Gen'l  Agt., 

Ruom  24,  Safe  Deposit  Building,  Corner  Montgomery  and  California  Streets,    SAN  FRANCISCO 


George  Spaulding. 


Harrison  Barlo. 


Solon  H.  Williams. 


fflachipery. 


PACIFIC  MACHINERY  DEPOT. 

H.    P.    GREGORY    &    CO., 

Cor.  California  &  Market  Streets,  S.  F.  Cal 
[mportan  <<i  and  Dealers  in 

Machinery  of  all  Descriptions. 

SOLE  AGENTS  FOB  PACIFIC  COAST  Full 

J.  A.  Pay  &  Co.'s  Woodworking  Machinery, 

Bemeut  &  Sons'  Machinists'  Tools, 

Blake's  Patent  Steam  Pumps, 

N.  Y.  Belting  &  Packing  Co.'s  Rubber  Goods 

Sturtevant  Blowers  and  Exhaust  Fans, 

Tanite  Co.'s  Emery  Wheels  and  Machinery 

Payne's  Vertical  Engines  and  Boilers, 

Judson's  Standard  Governors, 

Dreyfus'  Self  Oilers, 

Gould  Manufacturing  Co.'s  Hand  Pumps, 

Piatt's  Patent  Fuse  Lighters, 

Lovejoy's  Planer  Knives. 

A    M'LL    LINK   OK 

Belting,   Packing,   Hose,  and  Other 
Mill  and  Mining  Supplies  on  Hand. 

Jtarsend  for  Illustrated  Catalogue. 


TH03IS0N    &   EVANS, 

(Successors  to  Thomson-  &  Parkrr.) 

Engineers  and  Machinists. 


BPAmmm,  mm§ 


JVb.    4:14:    CIjjlt  Street, 


North  Side, 

Above  Battery, 


$an  $vanei§qc* 


Address,  JFR-A-SISIt 


01iiCi*uo»  Xll. 


Superior  Wood  and  Metal  Engrav- 
ing, Eleetrotyping  and  Stereotyp- 
_     ing  done  at  the  office  of  the  Mining 

and  Scikntific  Press,  San  Francisco,  at  favorable  rates. 

Send  Btamp  for  our  circular  and  samples. 


Engraving. 


V  OETA 


OBTAINED   IN    U.   S.    AND    FOREIGN 

COUNTRIES;  trademarks,  labels  and  eopy- 

"     i  registered  through  DEWEY  &  CO.'S 

ng   and    Scientific    Press  Patent 

Agency,  San  Frauci&co.  Send  for  free  circular 


Steam  Pumps,  Steam  Engines,  Hoisting, 

Pumping.  Quartz  Mill,  Mining,  Saw 

Mill   Machinery.   Specialties. 

Plana  and  Specifications  lot  Machinery  furnished.     Re- 
pairing promptly  attended  to. 

110  &  112  Beale  St.,  San  Francisco. 

Established  1844. 

JOSEPH    C.    TODD, 
ENGINEER 


MACHINIST. 

Flax,  Hemp,  Jute,  Rope,  Oakum 
and  Bagging  Machinery,  Steam  En- 
gines, Boilers,  etc.  1  ilso  manufac- 
ture Baxter's  New  Portable 
Engine  of  1877,  of  oneborse-jjow- 
er,  complete  for  §125;  can  he  seen  in 
operation  at  my  store.  Two  horse- 
power, §225;  two  and  a  half  horse- 
power, §250;  three  horse-power, 
§275.  Send  for  descriptive  circular 
and  price. 

Address  J.  C.  TODD, 

10  Barclay  Street  N.  Y..  or  Patterson,  N.  J 


-V    -STEAM  ENCINES  ,   "+- 


BERRY  &  PLACE:, 
—  SAN  FRANtlSCO.CAL  — 

_   CIRCULARS  SENT  FREE  TO  ALL.  _ 


THE  IMPROVED  0'HARRA 

CHLOEIDIZING  FUENACE. 

Patented  Sept.  10th,  1878. 

Now  in  Opera.ion  at  the  Extra  Mining-  Co.'s 
Works,  Copper  City,  Shasta  Co.,  Cal. 

Two  men  and  two  cords  of  wo  jd  roast 

Forty  Tons  of  Ore  in  Twenty-four  Hours, 

Giving  a  full  chlorination  (100    )  at  a  cost  of  30  cents  per 
on.     Address, 

O'HARRA    &    FERGUSON, 
Fumacevillc,  Shasta  Co.,  Cal 
Or  CHAS.  W.  CRANE,  Agent, 

Room  10,  Safe  Deposit  Building,  San  Francisco. 


Bodie  Richmond  Mining  Co. 

President,  I.  F.  M1LLEK.  Secretary,  O.  D.  SQUIRE. 

Incorporated  November  ICth,  1878. 
Office,  Room  28,  Stevenson's  Building,  S.  P, 


28 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[January  ii,   1879. 


Continued  from  page  21. 


pletion.  Repairing  and  retimbering  and  enlarg- 
ing the  main  south  drift  on  the  1700  level  is 
making  the  best  of  progress.  Work  is  being 
pushed  with  great  energy  at  all  points. 

Savage.— The  joint  Hale  &  Norcross  east 
drift,  on  the  2000  level,  will  complete  a  connec- 
tion with  the  Chollar- Combination  shaft  in  two 
or  three  days  more. 

Solid  Silver.— The  drift  west  from  the 
winze  below  the  main  tunnel  or  adit  level  has 
cut  through  the  east  clay  of  the  west  ledge,  and 
owing  to  a  heavy  seepage  of  water  being  encoun- 
tered, indicating  that  a  strong  flow  of  water 
might  be  tapped,  it  was  deemed  advisable  to 
suspend  further  advancement  in  that  direction 
until  better  preparations  can  be  made  for  raising 
the  water  and  sending  it  out  through  the  tunnel. 

Morning  Star.— The  winze  below  the  level 
of  the  south  drift  from  the  old  tunnel  is  follow- 
ing down  the  east  slope  of  the  ore  vein  and  is 
now  down  44  ft.  For  several  feet  the  winze  has 
been  cutting  a  fine  character  of  quartz,  carrying 
bunches  and  spots  of  rich  ore. 

Sutro  Tunnel. — Total  length  of  the  south 
lateral  branch,  11S6  ft.  Only  about  200  ft.  fur- 
ther will  carry  it  through  to  the  Julia  shaft. 
The  ledge  formation  passed  through  of  late  has 
been  of  the  most  favorable  working  character, 
allowing  advancement  at  the  rate  of  about  100 
ft.  per  week. 

Bullion. — The  north  drift  on  the  2400  level 
of  the  Imperial,  which  was  re-started  80  ft. 
back  from  the  face  last  week,  is  now  steadily 
advancing  in  the  west  country  rock  on  the  west 
side  of  the  vein,  the  face  being   perfectly   dry. 

North  Con.  Virginia. — The  foundations  for 
the  new  machinery  are  all  completed.  The 
railroad  track  is  also  completed  so  that  the  new 
machinery  can  be  unloaded  as  to  need  no  second 
shipping  or  handling. 

Utah. — The  surface  improvements  are  mak- 
ing good  progress.  Sinking  the  main  incline 
below  the  1350  level  is  making  the  best  of  head- 
way, the  bottom  in  good  blasting  ground. 

Ward. — The  stone  foundations  are  about 
completed  ready  for  the  reception  of  the  new 
hoisting  engines. 

Yellow  Jacket. — The  new  shaft  to-day  is 
down  2129  ft.  ;  ground,  hard  blasting  ledge 
porphyry,  but  working  well,  allowing  of  very 
good  progress  being  made  in  sinking.    , 

Union  Con.  — The  repairs  to  the  main  north 
drift  from  the  Ophir  on  the  1600  level  are  com- 
pleted. 

Hale  &  Norcross. — The  progress  on  the 
lightning  drift  on  the  2000  level  was  very 
materially  interfered  with  by  the  rise  of  water 
during  the  first  part  of  the  week,  occasioned  by 
the  breakage  and  stoppage  of  the  Savage  pumps. 
The  water  has,  however,  been  drained. 

Best  &  Belcher. — The  pumps  are  kept  run- 
ning to  their  full  capacity  at  the  new  shaft,  and 
the  flow  of  water  is  yet  so  steady  and  strong 
that  but  slow  progress  can  be  made  with  the 
sinking.  . 

Mexican. — The  main  north  drift  on  the  2000 
level  is  making  steady  progress,  the  face  in 
somewhat  softer  ground.  During  the  first  part 
of  the  week  strong  indications  of  water  were 
encountered  in  the  face,  and  drill  holes  have 
been  driven  ahead  to  prevent  the  flooding  of  the 
mine  should  a  large  body  be  struck. 

Gould  &  Curry. — Sinking  the  new  shaft  has 
been  very  much  impeded  by  a  strong  flow  of 
water,  which  keeps  the  donkey  pumps  running 
to  their  full  capacity. 

Chollar-Combination  Shaft. — Laying  the 
foundations  for  the  new  air  compressor  is  mak- 
ing good  progress.  The  flow  of  water  is  still 
quite  strong,  amounting  to  about  SO, 000  gallons 
per  day. 

Trojan. — The  ore  stopes  recently  opened  at 
the  top  of  the  upraise  on  the  second  station 
level  are  opening  out  finely,  the  ore  being  of  a 
good  milling  quality. 

Belcher.— The  south  drift  on  the  2360  level 
is  steadily  advancing,  with  very  favorable  pros- 
pects. Opening  the  new  station  at  the  2560 
level  is  making  good  progress.  As  soon  as  the 
station  and  ore  chutes  are  completed,  prospect- 
ing drifts  will  be  started  on  that  level  and  sink- 
ing the  main  incline  will  be  resumed. 

Silver  Hill. — The  east  drift  on  the  1100 
level  is  now  in  60  ft.,  the  face  in  soft  vein 
matter,  streaked  with  good  quartz,  carrying 
strong  indication  of  good  ore  when  the  main 
ledge  is  reached. 

Overman — Sinking  the  new  shaft  is  making 
the  best  of  progress.  Sinking  the  vertical  winze 
below  the  1600  level  is  also  making  good  head- 
way; it  is  now  down  18  ft. 

Con.  Imperial. — The  east  crosscut  from  the 
joint  Alpha  winze  on  the  2400  level  is  making 
good  headway,  the  face  in  vein  material. 

TEM  PAHUTE  DISTRICT. 

Mr.  Young  informs  the  Tybo  Sun  that  the 
outlook  is  especially  bright.  The  Wyandotte  is 
pushing  work  rapidly  in  all  their  mines,  under 
the  supervision  of  Mr.  G.  C  Bobbins  of  Eureka. 
A  large  amount  of  very  high-grade  ore  has  been 
extracted,  and  is  now  lying  on  the  dump. 
There  is  ore  enough  in  sight,  in  the  company's 
mines,  to  run  a  20-stamp  mill  for  a  year,  and  he 
thinks  a  mill  will  shortly  be  erected  to  reduce 
it.  About  40  men  are  in  the  employ  of  the 
company,  under  the  foremanship  of  Mr.  John 
Killen.  George  Russell  has  gone  to  Philadel- 
phia to  negotiate  the  sale  of  some  of  the  mines 
.owned  by  David  Service  and  himself. 
LODI  DISTRICT, 

Lodi. — Grants ville  Sim,  Dec.  28:  The  Lodi 
mine  is  situated  in  Lodi  district,  about  27  miles 
from  Grantsville.     It  is  owned  by  J.  E.    Hol- 


man  &  Co.  The  company  have  sunk  three 
shafts  on  their  ledge,  140,  65  and  45  feet  in 
depth,  respectively,  all  in  good  ore.  They  have 
from  180  to  190  tons  of  ore  on  the  dump,  and 
can  take  out  from  10  to  15  tons  daily,  or,  in 
other  words,  could  keep  a  good  sized  furnace 
running.  This  is  one  of  the  first  mines  located 
in  the  district. 

ARIZONA. 

Tiptop. — Arizona  Miner,  Jan.  3:  The  Tip- 
top mine,  as  work  progresses,  continues  to 
widen  and  satisfy  every  person  familiar  with  its 
history  that  it  is  a  genuine  fissure  vein,  and 
will  run  down  even  to  the  very  roots  of  the  gi- 
gantic mountains  in  which  it  is  situated.  The 
company's  mill  keeps  steadily  at  work  on  ore 
from  the  mine,  and  is  turning  out  on  an  average 
$45,000  per  month.  In  fact,  all  the  mine  own- 
ers in  the  district  who  are  working  their  vari- 
ous claims  are  more  than  satisfied  with  their 
prospects,  and  entertain  none  but  the  most  san- 
guine expectations  for  the  future  of  their  bo- 
nanzas. 

Crosscut. — Jake  Marks  returned  yesterday 
from  Humbug  district,  where  he  has  a  gang  of 
men  drifting  on  the  Crosscut  mine,  on  jthe  100 
level,  each  way  from  the  shaft,  along  the  ledge, 
ar"iich  is  from  six  to  twelve  feet  wide.  One 
drift  is  in  about  30  feet,  and  the  other  20.  The 
pay  streak  at  the  end  of  the  30-foot  drift  is 
eight  feet  wide,  four  feet  of  which  assays  $200 
to  the  ton. 

Bradshaw. — C.  A.  Luke  returned  from  a 
trip  to  the  various  mines  of  Bradshaw  yester- 
day. The  Basin  mill  was  ready  to  run  on  Gray 
Eagle  ore,  but  was  delayed  on  account  of  the 
pack-train  being  unable  to  deliver  the  ore  on 
account  of  deep  snow.  At  the  Tiger  work  is 
progressing  rapidly  ;  the  prospect  shaft,  which 
is  to  be  sunk  1,000  feet,  is  going  down  as  fast 
as  the  skill  and  energy  of  man  can  devise.  At 
the  Oro  Bonito  everything  is  fast  being  put  in 
shape  to  commence  operations,  the  new  mill 
being  completed.  A  great  many  men  are  at 
work  on  the  various  ledges,  taking  out  ore  and 
making  valuable  improvements.  Mr.  Luke 
thinks  the  snow  in  the  mountains  averages  16 
inches,  although  at  some  places  he  found  it  over 
two  feet. 

Bullion. — Beach's  team  loaded  to-day  at 
Wells,  Fargo  &  Co.'s  office,  7,500  pounds  of  bul- 
lion, recently  taken  out  at  the  Agua  Fria 
smelter,  from  Silver  Belt  ore.  The  bullion  goes 
to  Ehrenberg  per  team  and  thence  per  steamer 
and  rail  to  San  Francisco. 

Accidental. — The  new  shaft  on  the  Ac- 
cidental mine,  Lynx  creek,  is  down  25  feet,  and 
a  good  vein  of  very  rich  ore  has  been  found. 
The  arastras  are  about  to  start  up  and  reduce 
the     fine    ore   now   being  extracted  from    the 


New  Incorporations. 

Fresno  M.  Co. — Intention:  To  operate  in 
California.  Capital,  $5,000,000.  Directors— 
H.  T.  Fairbanks,  Oliver  Merrill,  W.  A. 
Roberts,  W.  F.  Meyers  and  Isaac  Overton. 

Blunder  G.  &  S.  M.  Co. — Location:  Ne- 
vada. Capital,  §10,000,000.  Directors— R.  P. 
Johnson,  George  L.  Tucker,  W.  C.  Walker,   T. 

A,  Talbert  and  C.  S.  Drew. 

Balbach  Smelting  and  Refining  Co. — In- 
tention: To  operate  in  any  of  the  States  or 
Territories.  Capital,  $100,000.  Directors- 
Leopold  Balbach,  C.  F.  Kirchner,  C.  L.  Wel- 
ler,  A.  J.  Bryant,  0.  A.  Chase,  J.  P.  Allen  and 
J.  B.  Crockett,  Jr. 

California  Ramie  Machine  Co. — Object: 
To  manufacture,  sell  and  erect  machinery  and 
works  for  the  extraction  of  fiber  from  ramie 
and  hemp.  Capital  stock,  $500,000.  Directors 
—•Thomas  Trefall,  Hugh  C.  Hinman,  E.  J. 
Barry,  John  J.  French  and  Andrew  Vance. 

Santa  Rosa  G.,  S.  &  C.  M.  Co. — Intention: 
To  operate  in  the  Trinidad  district,  Lower  Cali- 
fornia.    Capital,    $10,000,000.      Trustees— W. 

B.  Stanly,  C.  H.  Bumpus,  A.  S.   Long,    C.    W. 
Frost  and  H.  W.  Fortune. 

Vulcan  M.  &  M.  Co.— Capital,  $6,000,000. 
Directors — Charles  Holmes,  W.  H.  Smith,  G. 
W.  Fisher,  Charles  W.  Fox  and  Alexander 
Brown. 

Western  Electric  Light  Co. — Capital, 
$5,000,000.  Managers— M.  S.  Latham,  J.  W. 
Coleman,  George  Ladd,  J.  M.  Livingstone,  S. 
Steinhart,  E.  F.  Hall  and  Thomas  Bell. 

Jennie  JttneM.  Co. — Intention:  To  operate 
in  Shasta  county.  Capital,  $5,000,000.  Direc- 
tors—H.  C.  McClure,  Alvin  Potter,  E.  C. 
Locke,  F.  N.  Delaney  and  F.    H.    McCormick. 


A  New  Industry. — A  company  has  just  been 
organized  in  this  city  for  the  manufacture  and 
sale  of  Boswell's  fruit  drier,  cooking  and  heat- 
ing apparatus,  with  an  authorized  capital  of 
$100,000,  about  one-third  of  which,  we  under- 
stand, has  been  already  subscribed.  The  office 
of  the  company  is  located  in  Sherman's  building, 
corner  Clay  and  Montgomery  streets,  where 
samples  of  the  driers  can  be  seen,  and  any  in- 
formation relative  to  the  operation  of  the  com- 
pany may  be  obtained.  Mr.  Eugene  L.  Sulli- 
van, an  old  and  well-known  citizen  of  the  State, 
is  at  the  head  of  the  company,  and  S.  R.  Lip- 
pincott,  Esq.,  formerly  an  extensive  manufac- 
turer in  the  Eastern  States,  is  the  Secretary. 

We  call  attention  of  parties  interested  to  the 
advertisement  in  another  column,  of  the  Frue 
concentrator. 


Strikes  among  English  coachmen   and  ship- 
wrights are  reported. 


A  Kingdom  for  a  Process. 

In  our  last  issue  we  gave  some  account  of 
the  work  done,  and  the  results  arrived  at  in  the 
Excelsior  and  Enterprise  mines  at  Meadow 
Lake.     We  take  first  to-day,  the 

Mohawk  and  Montreal. 

This  mine  was  one  of  the  very  few  that  of- 
fered sufficient  hopes  to  the  owners  to  lead 
them  to  continue  work,  even  through  several 
severe  winters.  A  shaft  was  sunk  to  a  depth 
of  220  feet  or  more,  and  a  tunnel  run  to  meet 
it,  so  that  the  ore  was  carried  to  the  mill  on 
cars.  Assays  made  at  different  times  on  ore 
from  different  parts  of  the  works  were  as  fol- 
lows: $65  gold;  §159.23  gold;  §2.83  silver; 
$176. 80  gold;  §682 gold.  How  imperfectly  the  ore 
was  worked  may  be  judged  from  the  results  of 
a  few  runs.  In  August,  1866,  29  tons  worked 
by  Winton's  mill  yielded  something  over  $800, 
or  $27  per  ton;  this,  however,  without  the  sul- 
phurets,  which  were  estimated  at  about  $35  per 
ton.  In  September  of  the  same  year,  48  tons 
yielded  $2,233.02,  or  $46  per  ton;  $600  of 
which  came  from  the  sulphurets.  In  Novem- 
ber, 28  tons,  chlorinized,  yielded  $677.40,  or 
$24  per  ton.  In  December,  163  tons  gave  an 
average  yield  of  $29  per  ton.  For  1867  we 
have  account  of  the  working  of  54  tons  (less 
the  sulphurets),  which  yielded  65.50  ounces  of 
amalgam,  containing  $1,082.56  gold,  and  $16.93 
silver;  total,  $1,099,  or  $20  per  ton.  In  Octo- 
ber, 1868,  the  Mohawk  and  Montreal  mill  (the 
company  built  two  mills,  a  five-stamp  and  a 
ten-stamp — probably  the  latter  is  referred  to 
here)  crushed  100  tons  in  seven  days  and  20 
hours.  The  yield  from  this  was  $3,524.49,  or 
$35  per  ton.  At  this  time  it  is  said,  over  1,000 
tons  of  similar  ore  was  in  sight  in  the  mine. 

This  is  sufficient  to  demonstrate  the  imper- 
fections of  the  processes  used.  The  mine 
seemed  to  improve  as  depth  was  attained,  the 
highest  assays  given  above  being  from  ore  taken 
out  at  considerable  depth.  As  stated  above, 
two  mills  were  built.  There  were  also  erected 
roasting  furnaces,  some,  we  believe,  at  the 
early  stage  in  the  development  of  the  mine,  and 
three  more  as  late  as  1869.  These  latter  were 
large  enough  for  a  charge  of  from  20  to  25  tons, 
and  were  erected,  it  seems,  in  order  to  try  the 

Burns  Process, 
Or  a  modification  of  the  same.  In  this  process 
the  ore  was  first  roasted,  and  then  plunged  into 
a  chemical  bath  (composition  not  stated)  until 
cooled,  The  ore  was  then  ready  for  amalgama- 
tion. It  was  thought  that  this  process  would 
cost  about  $S  per  ton.  About  the  same  time 
another  process,  Hartley's,  appeared,  which 
was,  no  doubt,  merely  a  slight  modification  of  the 
Burns,  but  which  claimed  to  be  much  cheaper. 
Both  have  been  consigned  to  the  tomb  so  far  as 
Meadow  Lake  is  concerned.  Both  aimed  by  use 
of  chemicals  to  prepare  the  gold  for  amalga- 
mation. 

The  history  of  this  mine  is  then,  in  brief,  as 
follows:  Large  quantities  of  ore  assaying  from 
$65  to  $700  per  ton,  yielding  on  an  average  $30 
or  less  per  ton. 

The  Green  Emigrant. 

This  mine  was  a  comparatively  late  discovery, 
and  was  thought  one  of  the  richest  in  the  dis- 
trict. The  assays  reached  to  $1,000  per  ton. 
Above  the  ore  was  noticeably  free  from  base 
material.  The  ledge  was  from  five  to  eight 
feet  wide,  and  was  worked  to  a  depth  of  65  feet, 
perhaps  deeper.  The  ore  improved  with  in- 
crease of  depth.  A  run  of  50  tons  from  a  depth 
of  about  ten  feet  yielded  at  the  rate  of  $26  per 
ton.  At  this  depth  the  foot  wall  was  covered 
with  a  thin  black  layer  rich  in  copper  and  gold. 
The  rest  of  the  ledge  was  white  quartz,  heavily 
laden  with  sulphurets  and  free  gold.  Mint  re- 
turns from  a  run  on  Green  Emigrant  ore  showed 
the  yield  to  be  about  $27  per  ton;  891  fine.  A 
run  of  120  tons  yielded  at  the  rate  of  $23  per 
ton.  Other  runs  reached  as  high  as  $30  per  ton. 
The  U-  S.  Grant. 

This  was  another  of  the  richest  mines,  one  of 
those  few  on  which  work  was  continued  through 
the  winters.  The  mine  was  six  mileB  south  of 
the  town  of  Meadow  Lake.  The  company  own- 
ed a  mill,  which  we  find  stated  as  having  five 
stamps  of  500  pounds  each.  The  ledge  was  5% 
feet  wide,  and  was  worked  to  a  depth  of  at 
least  100  feet.  At  the  beginning  of  1867  the 
U.  S.  Grant  was  considered  the  moBt  success- 
ful of  the  Meadow  Lake  mines.  Up  to  January 
7th,  1867,  the  mill  had  crushed  271  tons  of  ore, 
the  gross  yield  of  which  is  stated  at  $13,398.57, 
or  about  $50  per  ton.  The  cost  of  mining  and 
hauling  the  ore  is  put  down  at  $5.50  per  ton; 
of  crushing,  $3.50  per  ton;  leaving,  it  is  added, 
a  nice  little  profit  of  $40  per  tonj?)  At  some 
runs,  the  average  yield  was  from  $12  to  $30  per 
ton.  However,  in  other  cases,  if  we  can  de- 
pend on  the  figures  before  us,  they  ran  as  high 
as  $110  per  ton.  We  have  no  facts  regarding 
the  later  history  of  this  mine.  We  would  like 
to  have  a  fuller  account  from  some  of  our 
readers. 

Besides  these  mines  that  we  have  mentioned, 
there  were  numberless  others  that  were  noticed 
from  time  to  time  in  the  Meadow  Lake  Sun. 
Considerable  work  was  done  upon  many  of  them, 
in  sinking  shafts  or  inclines.  Copper  veins 
were  found  and  a  company  styled  the  Peacock 
Copper,  Nickel  &  Cobalt  Company  was  formed, 
with  a  capital  of  $675,000. 

Bullion  Shipments 
Were  for  a  time  reported  quite   regularly.     For 
August,  1866,  they  were  as  follows   (how  com- 


plete the  reports  are  we  do  not  know):  Moun- 
tain Chief,  $188;  Mohawk  &  Montreal,  $833.60; 
U.  S.  Grant,  $1,559.40  (?};  Gold  Run  Phoenix, 
$698 ;  total,  $3, 279.  September  shipments 
(1866):  Knickerbocker,  $34.10;  Mohawk  & 
Montreal,  $2,604.66;  Enterprise,  $1,210;  Al- 
hambra,  $260;  Moscow,  $82;  Western  Com- 
pany, $76.37;  total,  $4,367.13.  For  October, 
1866,  the  shipments  were :  IT.  S.  Grant, 
$4,750;  Mohawk  &  Montreal,  $1,294;  Enter- 
prise, Wisconsin,  Gold  Run,  Eclipse  and  Em- 
pire, together,  $630;  total;  $6,674. 
The  Processes  Tried. 

Somewhere  in  the  district  an  arastra  was 
rigged.  The  ordinary  mill  process  we  have 
seen  utterly  failed.  The  chlorination  and 
superheated  steam  process  had  each  a  trial. 
Then  came  the  Burns  process,  which  we  have 
described  as  far  as  possible.  This  process,  it 
was  said,  obtained  from  two  tons  of  Wiscon- 
sin ore,  which  otherwise  would  yield  nothing, 
three  and  one-fourth  ounces,  .917  fine,  at  a  cost 
of  $8  per  ton.  In  connection  with  this  process 
we  find  the  names  of  Eagleson  &  Co. ,  Hartley 
and  James  Doling.  The  last-named  gentleman 
asserted  that  by  bis  method  he  had  taken  from 
the  ore  never  less  than  $8per  ton,  and  had  ob- 
tained as  much  as  $36  per  ton;  cost  of  process, 
$8  per  ton.  Matman,  of  Nevada  City,  we 
believe  tried  his  hand  at  the  ores.  A  man 
named  Crail  had  a  plan  for  working  them.  The 
Fryer  process  was  applied.  Another  (Gleann's) 
process  is  described  as  follows:  The  ore  is  first 
dumped  upon  a  drying  hearth  or  put  through  a 
calcining  furnace;  thence  to  batteries  or  pulver- 
izers. The  pulp  is  then  put  into  an  oxidizing 
furnace.  From  the  oxidizing  furnace  it  is  raked 
into  an  alkaline  bath  in  vats.  From  the  vats 
it  goes  to  amalgamators  and  pulverizers.  Mr. 
G.  introduces  a  compound  of  his  own  to  bring 
about  amalgamation.  He  works  ore  up  to  80% 
of  assay,  at  a  cost  of  $6.64  per  ton.  This 
method  was  talked  of  as  late  as  Novem- 
ber, 1877.  We  may  have  made  some  errors  in 
names;  if  so,  we  hope  we  will  be  corrected. 

In  the  present  year,  Willard's  furnace,  with 
which  many  of  our  readers  are  doubtless  famil- 
iar, has  been  tried.  We  have  seen  it  stated 
somewhere  that  Willard's  furnace,  in  combina- 
tion with  Gleason's  amalgamation,  succeeds  in 
saving  92%  of  the  assay  value.  Elsewhere  we 
find  the  following  description  of  the  "new  pro- 
cess :' '  '  'The  pulverizing  process  takes  the 
place  of  stamps  in  a  stamp  mill,  and  will  re- 
duce a  ton  of  ore  in  one  hour  to  the  consistency 
of  flour.  The  pulverized  ore  is  then  placed  in 
the  furnace  and  is  mixed  freely  with  saw  dust. 
The  powdered  rock  becomes  intensely  heated 
by  means  of  the  fires  below,  the  strong  air  cur- 
rents and  the  burning  saw  dust.  All  the  sul- 
phur, arsenic,  antimony  and  refractory  elements 
are  consumed  and  driven  away,  and  when  the 
furnace  cools  off  the  pure  gold  remains.  The 
gold  is  so  fine  and  flourery  that  wet  amalga- 
mation cannot  be  employed.  The  gold  floats 
away  and  is  lost.  The  Secor  process  of  dry 
amalgamation,  however,  gives  perfect  success." 
In  connection  with  this  description  it  is  an- 
nounced (on  what  authority  we  do  not  know) 
that  "Mr.  Frank  Pauson  will  put  up  a  $50,000 
mill  at  Carlysle  early  next  spring,  with  four 
furnaces  and  two  amalgamators." 

Bullion  Shipments. 

Since  our  last  issue  shipments  of  bullion  have 
been  as  follows: 

Northern  Belle,  Dec,  28th,  $4,463.22;  Grand 
Prize,  Dec.  30th,  $24,000;  Leeds,  Dec.  24th, 
$3,662.12;  Tybo,  Dec,  25th,  $3,047.31;  Hill- 
side, Dec.  31st,  $5,119;  Jefferson,  Dec.  30th, 
$1,753.84;  Indian  Queen,  Dec.  23d,  $3,497.17; 
Alexander,  Jan.  3d,  $7,811.51;  Star,  De- 
cember, $35,743;  Oriental  Con.,  December, 
$9,075;  Highbridge,  Jan.  3d,  $8,546.48;  Pioche, 
for  week  ending  Dec.  28th,  $3,545;  Manhattan, 
Jan.  6th,  $11,202.16;  Con.  Virginia,  Jan.  4th, 
$84,865.18;  California,  Jan.  4th,  $143,078.97; 
Standard,  Jan.  1st,  $16,962.18;  Bodie,  Jan. 
1st,  $12,347.54;  Northern  Belle,  Jan.  1st,  $3,- 
008.75;  Hillside,  Jan.  4th,  $5,350;  Martin 
White,  Dec.  31st,  $5,776.63;  Black  Jack,  Dec. 
30th,  $7,700;  2d,  $5,035;  Tybo  Con.,  Dec. 
30th,  $8,062. 

Shipments  for  week  ending  Jan.  4th  at  Salt 
Lake  were  $43,369. 

Shipments  for  week  ending  Dec.  28th,  from 
Silver  City,  Idaho,  were  $18,000. 

The  Silver  Reef  Miner  thinks  the  January 
shipments  from  that  camp  amounted  to  $125,- 
000. 

The  Bodie  shipments  for  December  were 
$180,206,  of  which  $102,070  were  from  the 
Standard  mine,  and  the  balance  from  the  Bodie. 


Making  Artificial  Feldspar  Crystals. — 
Messrs.  Foque  and  Levy,  in  a  communication  to 
the  French  Academy  of  Sciences,  state  that 
they  have  been  successful  in  making  feldspar 
crystals  artificially — the  varieties  crystallized 
being  obligoclase,  labrador  and  albite.  The 
process  consists  in  fusing  the  feldspar  in  a  plati- 
num crucible  placed  in  a  Schlcesing  furnace, 
then  placing  the  button  before  a  Bunsen  burner, 
which  keeps  it  for  eight  hours  at  a  temperature 
slightly  below  that  of  fusion.  Under  the  influ- 
ence of  that  sort  of  annealing  the  vitreous  mass 
changes  in  structure  and  crystallizes  with  all 
the  details  of  form  of  natural  minerals. 


In  a  trial  of  the  electric  light  in  Philadelphia, 
24  Brush  lights  did  the  work  of  2,400  gas  jets. 

Brooklyn's  debt  has  increased  $1,235,566 
during  the  year. 


January  IX,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


29 


News  in  Brief. 


Justice  ICoEbAV,  of  Utah,  is  dead. 
Sclleii  Bros. ,  toUaeoomsts,  have  failed. 
Flood*  ars  doing  much  damage  in  France. 
Stbonu  gales  and  heavy  seas,  on  the  Atlantic. 
BcKATOB  SaSOnri   is  steadily  improving   in 
health. 

The  Nevada  Legislature  met  on  Jan.  o'th,  at 
Carson. 

TutHE  is  a  great  stampede  to  Leadville, 
Colorado. 

Thk  French  elections  resulted  in  a  Republi- 
can victory. 

A  SOU)  mine  has  been  discovered  in  eaat 
Tennessee. 

A  PLAOUI  has  appeared  among  Cossacks  of 
Astrakhan. 

DieTKKSA  among  Knglish  poor  seems  to  be  on 
the  increase. 

BitH  w«  <k  will  use  his  intluento  in  favor  of 
protection. 

IU11.KUAH  aoeident  in  New  York;  two  looo- 
motivee  exploded. 

Alonzo  Garcellon  elected  Governor  by  the 
Maine  Legislature. 

The  gay  season  of  visiting  and  entertainments 
at  Washington  has  begun. 

Admiral  Tosciiakd,  a  member  of  the  French 
chamber  of  Deputies,  is  dead. 

Kmrsare  threatened  in  Constantinople,  ow- 
ing to  the  high  price  of  provisions. 

Judge  James  B.  McKean,  ex-Chief  Justice 
of  Utah,  died  at   Salt  Lake  Monday. 

The  scarlet  fever  epidemic  still  rages  in  New 
York  city,  and  diphtheria  ia  increasing. 

Resumption  has  hod  a  tendency  to  increase 
largely   the  subscriptions  to  the  4 ,0  loan 

The  Atchison,  Topekaand  Santa  Fe  Railroad 
Company  have  purchased  the  Denver  and  South 
I'ark    railroad. 

Lard  is  being  shipped  in  large  quantities 
from  Chicago  to  San  Francisco,  via  New  York 
and  Cape  Horn. 

France,  watching  Bismarck  and  Austria,  has 
given  one  year's  notice  of  the  termination  of  all 
treaties  of  commeroe. 

Seven  commercial  banks  of  San  Francisco, 
have  refused  to  submit  to  inspection  by  the 
Bank  Commissioners. 

A  collision  occurred  on  tho  Michigan  Cen- 
tral railroad  Jan.  3d,  near  Kalamazoo,  injuring 
a  number  of  persons. 

Seventy-four  Communists  in  New  Caledonia 
have  been  pardoned  because  of  their  services 
against  the  insurgents. 

The  Japanese  government  have*}  agreed  to 
grant  a  loan  of  §1,500,000  for  the  purpose  of 
working  the  coal  fields. 

A  large  pot  of  Spanish  silver  dollars,  a 
number  of  them  bearing  date  of  1743,  has  been 
unearthed  on  Staten  island. 

Tile  Irish  executive  is  seriously  considering 
the  question  of  the  release  of  O'Kelly,  the  only 
remaining  Fenian  prisoner. 

Naturalization  papers  have  been  refused  to 
a  Chinaman  by  the  Clerk  of  the  United  States 
Circuit  Court  at  New  Y'ork. 

Virginia  realized  §110,000  last  year  from  the 
operations  of  the  Moffit  liquor  law  in  excess  of 
the  receipts  from  the  old  Bystem. 

During  1878  there  were  34,400  through  emi 
grants  for  California  over  the  Union  Pacific 
railroad;  in    1875  there  were  53,400. 

The  number  of  miles  of  railroad  constructed 
in  the  United  States  during  1878  was  2,688,  ex- 
ceeding any  previous  year  since  1873. 

Lignite  and  asphaltum  are  said  to  be  so 
abundant  between  Jetfa  and  the  Dead  sea,  that 
the  Holy  Land  may  supply  Egypt  and  Syria 
with  fuel. 

The  profits  accruing  to  the  Government  from 
the  coinage  of  standard  silver  dollars  for  the 
three  weeks  ending  January  4th,  amounted  to 
§575,000. 

The  Harmony  cotton  mills,  of  Cohoes,  New 
York,  have  reduced  working  time  to  three  days 
a  week,  in  order  to  reduce  production  and 
stiffen  prices. 

It  is  officially  announced  that  the  Madrid 
government  will  in  March  next,  contract  for 
1,500,000  kilogrammes  of  Virginia  and  Ken- 
tucky tobacco. 

Twenty-acre  farms  are  Baid  to  be  offered  to 
workmen,  along  the  line  of  a  projected  railway 
in  New  Mexico,  with  cattle  and  farming  imple- 
ments, for  $200. 

It  is  said  that  since  the  year  1835,  the  forest 
area  of  the  Western  Hemisphere  has  decreased 
at  the  average  yearly  rate  of  7,600,000  aoreB,  or 
about  11,400  square  miles. 

Word  is  received  from  the  Superintendent 
of  the  Los  Angeles  Oil  Company's  well  in  the 
Seepe  district,  that  a  flow  of  100  barrels  per 
day  has  been  struck. 

Cattle  and  hogs  are  dying  at  a  fearful  rate 
in  Iowa,  the  former  from  smut  in  the  corn- 
stalks, and  the  latter  from  cholera.  Hundreds 
of  farmers  have  lost  every  hog  they  possessed. 
San  Diego  county,  during  the  year  1S78,  ex- 
ported 1,490,240  pounds  of  honey;  honey  in 
comb,  954,480  pounds  net;  honey  strained,  535,- 
860  pounds  net,  and  24,440  pounds  of  beeswax. 
The  amount  of  gold  paid  out  at  the  sub- 
Treasury,  in  New  York,  January  3d,  for  legal 
tender  notes,  was  §80,000,  and  the  amount  of 
gold  taken  in  for  legal  tender  notes  was  §200,  - 
000— a  net  gain  to  the  Treasury  of  §120,000  in 
gold. 

The  first  bank  in  southern  Arizona  began 
operationa  in  Tucson  on  January  1st,  under  the 
name  of  the  Bank  of  Pima  County.  The  offi; 
oers  are  P.  W.  Smith,  President,  and  L.  M.' 
JaeobB,  Cashier.  The  capital  stock  of  the  cor- 
poration is  $100,000,  with  §50,000  paid  in. 


Ice  formed  at  Jacksonville,  Fla.,  last  Satur- 
day night,  for  the  first  time  in  30  years. 

Two  brakemen  frozen  to  death  on  the  Central 
New  Jersey  and  North  Pennsylvania  roads. 

A  TBHOUtlll  passenger  train  for  Chicago  -tbe 
first  since  the  2ndinst — left  Buffalo  on  Jan.  7th. 

Achtkia  has  lately  bought  £fi0,0U0  worth  of 
bar  silver,  landed  in  London  by  a  Chile  packet. 

Tni:  Ro»ebury  ln3ep$ndnd  tells  of  a  meteor 
which  lately  struek  and  set  fire  to  a  hay   stack. 

The  Honore  block,  one  of  the  finest  edifices 
in  Chicago,  was  destroyed  by  fire  Saturday 
last 

Charles  Francis  Adams  has  resigned  as 
Government  Director  of  the  Union  Pacific  rail- 
road. 

Wuioht  &  Kim;,  Chioago  representatives  of 
tho  Magic  Paper  Works,  New  York,  have 
failed. 

Outdoor  labor  is  interrupted  in  Scotland  by 
the  intense  cold,  and  a  railway  blockade  is 
feared. 

Navigation  has  been  suspended  on  account 
of  ice  in  the  Columbia  and  Willamette  rivers, 
Oregon. 

Thk  .strength  of  the  native  army  of  India  is 
about  125,000.  It  will  soon  be  increased  to 
140,000. 

Tuk  certificate  of  Captain  Howard,  of  the 
wrecked  steamship  Georgia,  has  been  suspended 
for  two  years. 

Eastern  banks  Beem  to  be  taking  in  more 
coin  than  they  are  paying  out.  So  far,  so  good, 
for  resumption. 


METALS. 

(WHOLESALE. 

Wkdswdat  M..  January  9.  1578. 
Iims.— 

American  Pig.  soft,  too 23  Dl 

Scotch  Pig.  ton 25 

American  White  Pig,  ton 2;i  00  <« 

Oregon  Pig.  too Si  &u  «r 

Banned  liar ajwr      3 

3ho«B,  keg 5  00  t/t 

Nail  Rod —  <a       7| 

Norway,  according  to  thickness 6)<g        7 

OOPPSB, 

Sheathing,  th 34  (^     35 

Mhottthirig,  Yellow l<i  '•<        30 

.Sheathing,  Old  Yellow - 

Steel.— 

EuglUh  Cast,  lb 16  (9      17 

Black  Diiuuuiid,  ordinary  iLw« 16  a 

Drill 10  1 , 

Flat  liar 10  9       19 

Plow  Stool 8  ({?      121 

Tin  Plates.— 

10x14  1  0  Charcoal 81<a>       9 

lUxU  I  C  Owe 7  "        7; 

Bane*  Tin 18  »—  20 

Australian 151<j»      17 

Z 1  Ne- 
lly the  Cask 9  C<* 

Zinc,  Sheet  7x3  ft.  7  to  10,  tt>.  leas  than  cask. .  0i@—  10 

Nails.— 

Assorted  sizes 2  IKX«3  00 


OUR  AGENTS. 

Ocr  Friends  can  do  much  in  aid  of  our  paper  and  the 
cause  of  practical  knowledge  and  science,  by  assisting 
Agents  in  their  tabors  of  canvassing,  by  lending  their 
influence  and  oncouraging  favors.  We  intend  to  send 
none  hut  worthy  men. 

J.  L.  Tuarp— San  Francisco. 

B.  W.  Ckowbll — California. 
A.  C.  Knox — Pacific  Coast. 

C.  N.  West— Santa  Cruz,  Monterey  and  San  Benito 
counties. 

A.  C.  Champion — Tulare,  Fresno  and  Inyo  counties. 

W.  D,  White — San  Bernardino  county. 

J.  W.  A.  Wright. — Tulare,  Fresno  and  Kern  counties. 

E.  M.  Denny. — Oregon. 

H.  E.  Hallrtt. — Stanislaus  county. 

G.  W.  McGrew. — Santa  Clara  county. 

Richard  Allen. — British  Columbia. 

R  D.  Nunnally.—  Siskiyou  County,  Cal. 

Dr.  W.  G.  Alban.—  State  of  Nevada. 

Edward  Duoan. — Washington  Territory. 

Mrs.  Carrie  F.   Young.—  Nevada  and  Sierra  counties. 

A  Looms. — Sonoma  Counts'. 

L.  L.  Alexander.— Alameda  County. 

J.  T.  Jackson.— Alameda  and  Contra  Costa  counties. 

John  Michkls. — New  York  and  adjoining  cities. 

M.  D.  Shrader  — Alameda  County,  Cal. 

Job.  Dimmick. — Sonoma  and  Napa  counties. 


TnE  Duty  of  the  Hoi'R. — Lest  any  reader  should  forget 
it,  we  mention  tbe  peculiar  fitness  of  the  season  for  re- 
newing old  subscriptions  and  making  new  oaes  to  the 
Press.  In  going  forward  with  our  journal,  we  need  the 
help  of  our  patronB  both  with  mind  and  money.  Do  not 
forget  to  send  the  printer  his  due,  as  the  aggregate  of 
small  individual  amounts  will  give  him  a  force  that  wil 
make  the  types  fairly  dance  into  the  lines.  Wo  trust  that 
only  a  hint  will  be  needed  to  rally  tho  dollars,  for  with 
them  assured  we  have  a  thousand  themes  to  occupy  our 
columns.  Let  all  step  up  promptly  to  the  Captain's  office 
and  then  we  will  go  out  on  deck  for  another  year's  voyage 

January  1st,  1870. 


Gold,    Legal    Tenders,    Exchange,    Etc. 

[Corrected  Weekly  by  Sutro  &  Co.  ] 

San  Francisco.  January  8,  3  P.  M. 

Leoal  Tenders  in  8.  F.,  11  a.  m.,  par.  Silver,  2(&2|. 
Gold  in  New  York,  par. 

Gold  Bars.  890@910.  Silver  Bars,  8@22  $  cent,  din 
sount. 

Exchange  on  New  York,  35,  on  London  bankers,  49J@ 
49i.  Commercis1,  50;  Paris,  five  francs  $  dollar;  Muxican 
dollars.  872@89. 

London  Consols.  94  7-16;  Bonds,  1092- 

qn.'KMi.vhR  in  8   F.,  by  the  flask.  *(  lb.  40@41c. 


Fresh  attractions  are  constantly  added  to  Wood- 
ward's Gardens,  among  which  is  Prof.  Gruber's  great 
educator,  the  Zoographicon.  Each  department  increases 
daily,  and  the  Pavilion  performances  are  more  popular 
than  ever.  All  new  novelties  find  a  place  at  this  wonder- 
ful resort.     Prices  remain  as  usual. 


Settlers  and  others  wishing  good  farmiug  lands  for 
sure  crops,  are  referred  to  Mr.  Edward  Frisbie,  of  Ander- 
8on,'Shasta  County,  Cal.,  who  has  some  15,000  acres  for 
sale  in  the  Upper  Sacramento  valley.  His  advertisement 
appeara  from  time  to  time  in  this  paper. 


Examine  the accelerative  endowment  plan,  asoriginated 
by  the'  Mutual  Benefit  Life  Insurance  Co.,  of  Newark, 
New  Jersey.  Assets,  $30,533,429.91.  Lewis  C.  Grover, 
President;  L.  Spencer  Coble,  Vice-President;  Benjamin  C. 
Miller,  Treasurer;  Edward  A.  Strong,  Secretary;  Bloom- 
field  J.  Miller,  Actuary.  Sond  for  circulars  to  James 
Munsell,  Jr.,  agent  of  insured,  224  Sansome  St.,  San 
Francisco. 

Artesian  Wells  Wanted.— Parties  who  are  prepared  to 
contract  for  boring  artesian  wells  are  invited  to  send 
terms  to  Edward  Frisbie,  proprietor  of  the  Reading  Ranch, 
Anderson,  Shasta  County,  Cal. 


Experimental  Machinery,  drawings,  patterns,  models, 
all  kinds  of  electrical  and  telegraphic  apparatus  to  order. 
See  ad.     F.  W.  Fuller,  415  Market  St..  second  floor,  S.  F. 


Henry  R.    Ewald  is   our  general    oorrespondont  and 
agent  for  Arizona. 


Chew  Jackbos's  Best  Sweet  Navy   Tobacco 


Signal  Service  Meteorological  Report. 

San  Francisco. — Week  ending  January  7,  1879. 


HIGHEST  AND   LOWEST   BAROMRTER. 


30.02 
29.73 


80.18 

30.07 


30.14 
30.07 


30.15 
30.01 


30.21) 
30.20 


30.23 
30.12 


30.40 
30. 2S 


MAXIMUM  AND  MINIMUM  THERMOMETER. 
52 


54 
42. 8 


85.3  I      32. 7 


53      I      51       I      56 
51      J     47.5  I      4G.7  I      46      |      44      | 

MEAN   DAILY   HUMIDITY. 

55.7  I      59      I      81.3  |      73.3  |      75.7  | 

PKKVAILraO   WIND. 

SE      I      E      I      SE     I       N      I      NE     I     NE      I      N 

WIND— MILES  TRAVELED. 

S2S     I      95     I    142      I     202     |     128     I     138      |    371 

STATE   OF  WEATHER. 

Fair.    I  Clear.    [    Fair.    |  Clear.  ,  Clear.    |  Cloudy  |  Clear 

RAINFALL  IN  TWENTY-FOUR  HOURS. 

I  I  I  I  I     .04      !     .31 

Total  rain  during  the  season,  from  July  l,  1878,  2.98  in 


(IlijiipgapilOtlierCoiiipapiej. 


Persons  interested  in  incorporated  shares 
will  *io  well  to  recommend  the  publication 
of  the  official  notices  of  their  companies 
in  this  paper,  as  the  cheapest  appropriate 
medium  for  the  same. 


/\mlJ3ernejit5. 


BALDWIN'S   THEATER. 

THOMAS  UAGtHBE Manager. 

F.  Lybtkr Acting  Manager. 

Char.  II.  Goodwin Treasurer, 

J.  P.  Chapman Assistant  Treasurer. 

Open    Every    Evening    with     the    Regular 
Company. 

Gomez  Market  and  Powell  Streets.  Open  every 
evening  and  Saturday  matinee.    Box  offloe  open  daily. 

BUSH    STREET   THEATER. 

Ciias.  E.  Lockk Leasee  end  Manager 

CALLENDER'S    GEORGIA    MINSTRELS. 
Open  every  evening  uul  Saturday  Matinee. 

CALIFORNIA  THEATER. 

Barton  k  Lawlor Manager. 

BARTOH  Hill. Acting  Manager. 

MR.    &.    MRS     W.    J.    FLORENCE. 

Bush  Street,  above  Kearny.  Open  every  evening.  Box 
offloe  "pen  from  8  a.  m.  to  10  i\  11.  Seats  may  be  secured 
six  days  in  advance. 

STANDARD  theater. 

M.  A.  Kennedy Sole  Lessee  and  Manager. 

RICE'S    SURPRISE    PARTY. 

Bush  Street,  above  Montgomery.     Open  every  evening. 

Seats  nia\   be  sreured  &ix  days  in  advance. 


Cherokee  Flat  Blue  Gravel  Company.— 

Location   of  principal  place  of  business.    San  Francisco, 

California.      Location     of    works,    Cherukee   Flat,    Butte 

County,  California.   ' 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Directors,  held  un  the  2Uth  day  of  December.  A.  D.,  1S78,  an 
assessment  (No.  40)  of  five  cents  per  share  was  levied  upon 
the  capital  Btock  of  the  corporation,  payable  immediately  in 
United  States  gold  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at  the  office  of  the 
Company,  31S  Pine  street.  Room 6,  San  Francisco,  California. 

Any  stock  upon  which  this  assessment  shall  remain  unpaid 
on  the  28th  day  of  January.  1873.  will  be  delinquent,  and  ad- 
vertised for  sale  at  public  auction;  and  unless  payment  iB 
made  nefore  will  be  sold  on  Tuesday,  the  18th  day  of  Febru- 
ary, 1879,  to  pay  the  delinquent  assessment,  tngetber  with 
costs  of  advertising  and  expenses  of  sale.  By  order  of  the 
Board  of  Directors.  R.  N.   VAN  BRUNT,  Secretary. 

Office,  318  Pine  Street,  Room  6,  San  Francisco    California. 

Land   Purchaser's  Association. —Office, 

No.  318  Montgomery  Street,  San   Francisco,  California. 

NOTICE  -There  are  delinquent  upon  the  following  de- 
scribed stock,  on  account  of  assessment  (installment  No. 
43)  levied  on  the  5th  day  of  November,  1S78,  the  several 
amounts  set  opposite  the  names  of  the  respective  share- 
holders, as  follows: 

Names.  No.  Certificate. 

Mrs  Matilda  Stohr 38 

James  L  Beyea. 43 

VChevallier 64 

GeoS  Dickey 98 

WGKoch 178 

Asa  Fisk 220 

And  in  accordance  with  law,  and  an  order  of  the  Board 
of  Directors,  made  on  the  5th  day  of  November,  1878,  so 
many  shares  of  each  parcel  of  said  stock  as  may  be  neces- 
sary, will  be  sold  at  public  auction,  at  the  office  of  the 
Secretary,  No.  318  Montgomery  Btreet,  San  Francisco,  Cal- 
ifornia, on  Saturday,  the  fourth  (4th)  day  of  January, 
1879,  at  the  hour  of  10  o'clock  a,  m.  of  said  day,  to  pay 
said  delinquent  assessment  thereon,  togethor  with  costs 
of  advertising  and  expenses  of  the  sale. 

C.  S.  WRIGHT,  Secretary. 


No.  Shares. 

Amount 

1 

84  00 

1 

4  00 

1 

4  00 

1 

4  00 

1 

4  00 

1 

4  00 

Orion    Mining    Company.  —  Location    of 

principal  place  of  business,  San  Francisco,  California.    Lo- 
cation of  works,  Iowa  Hill,  Placer  County,  California. 
Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Directors,  held  on  tbe  12th  day  of  December,  1878,  an  assess- 
ment (No.  4)  of  twenty-five  cents  per  share  was  levied  upon 
the  capital  stock  of  the  corporation,  payable  immediately  in 
United  States  gold  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at  tbe  office  of  the 
Company.  No.  28  Sansome  street,  San  Francisco,  California. 
Any  steck  upon  which  this  assessment  shall  remain  unpaid 
on  the  13th  day  of  January,  1879,  will  be  delinquent,  and  ad- 
vertised  for  sale   at  public  auction;  and  unless  payment  is 
made  before  irill  be  sold  on  Tuesday,  the  28th  day  of  Janu- 
ary, 1879  to  pay  the  delinquent  assessment,   together  with 
cost  of  advertising  and  expenses  of  sale.     Bv  order  of  the 
Board  of  Directors.  P,  CONKLTN,  Secretary. 

Office,  No.  28  Sansome  St.  (up-stairs)  San  Francisco,  Oal, 


Summit    Mining   Company. — Location   of 

Principal  place  of  business,  San  Francisco,  California. 

Location    of    works,   Mineral  Point  Mining    District, 

Plumas  County,  Cal. 

Notice. — There  are  delinquent  upon  the  following  de- 
scribed stock,  on  account  of  assessment  (No.  6,)  levied  on 
the  19th  day  of  November,  A.  D. ,  1S78,  the  several  amounts 
set  opposite  the  names  of  the  respective  shareholders,  as 
follows: 

Names.  No.  Certificate.    No.  Shares.  Amt. 

Boring,  IC 32 

Bonn,  John 150 

Lehmann.C 129 

Lehmann,  C,  Trustee 200 

Lchmann,  C,  Trustee 207 

Storer,  J  F,  Trustee 58 

Schmitz,  F 205 

Turner,  J  W 05 

And  in  accordance  with  law,  and  an  order  of  the  Board  of 
Directors,  made  on  the  nineteenth  day  of  November,  A.  D. , 
1878,  so  many  shares  of  each  parcel  of  such  stock  as  may 
be  necessary,  will  be  sold  at  public  auction,  at  the  office 
of  tho  company,  No.  318  Pino  street,  Room  0,  San  Fran- 
cisco, Ca].(  on  Tuesday,  the  fourth  day  of  February 
A.  D. ,  1879,  at  the  hour  of  three  o'clock  p.  m.,  of  said 
day,  to  pay  said  delinquent  assessment  thereon,  together 
with  ijusts  of  advertising  and  expenses  >A  the  sale. 

"  R,  N.  VAN  BRUNT,  Sec'y. 

Office,  Room  6,  No.  318  Pine  Street.  San  Francisco,  Cal, 


1200 

$00  00 

200 

10  oc 

27SO 

137  5( 

200 

10  OC 

200 

10  OC 

250 

12  5C 

400 

20  0C 

200 

10  00 

ANNUAL    MEETING. 

The  annual  meeting'  of  the  stockholders  of  the  Califor- 
nia and  Oregon  Laud  Company,  will  be  held  on  Tuesday, 
January  14th,  1879,  at  2  o'clock  r.  M.,  at  the  office  of  the 
Company,  Room  6,  No.  31S  Pine  street,  San  Francisco, 
for  the  election  of  a  Board  of  Trustees,  and  the  trans- 
action of  such  other  business  as  may  properly  come  before 
the  meeting,  R.  N.  VAN  BRUNT,  Acting  Sec'y. 


—AND- 

COMmlSSIONJWERCHANT. 

The  undersigned,  after  an  experience  of  forty  years  in  the 
Grucery  Business,  has  opened  an  office  at  No  24  CALIFOR- 
NIA STREET,  corner  Drunim.  for  buying  and  selling  all 
kinds  of  Goods.  Parties  throughout  tbe  States  and  Territo- 
ries wishing  an  Agent  in  this  Market  for  the  transaction  of 
their  business,  by  entrusting  the  same  to  me.  lean  havo 
snecial  rates  made,  with  full  guarantee  of  satisfaction,  or  no 
charge  for  services. 

With  twenty-five  years'  experience  in  this  Market.  I  think 
I  can  suit  one  and  all,  both  as  a  buyer  and  seller.  All  I  ask 
Is  a  trial.  I  will  also  have  a  Ladies'  Department,  under  the 
management  of  a  lady  of  experience  and  taste,  who  will  fill 
all  orders  for  your  wives  and  daughters.  Orders  for  this 
tins  Department  should  be  endorsed:  "For  Lady  Buyer." 

All  parties  ordering  Mill  be  required  to  send  funds  with 
order  or  satisfactory  reference.    Respectfully, 

WHEELER   MARTIN, 

24  California  Street,  San  Francisco. 

REFERS    BY    PERMISSION. 

Rountree  &,  McCIure 401  Fwmt  Street. 

J.  M.  Pike  &  Co 101  and  103  California  Street. 

Marcus  C.  Hawley  &  Co Corner  Market  and  Beale  Sis. 

Cutting  Packing  Co 17  to  41  Main  Street. 

W.  W.  Montague  &  Co 112  to  120  Battery  Street. 

E.  Martin  &  Co.   408  Front  Street. 

Wellman,  Peck  &  Co 416  and  418  Front  Street. 

Wueaton  &  Luhrs 219  Front  Street. 

Deming,  Palmer  &  Co 202  and  204  Davis  Street. 

Amies  it  Dallam 115  and  117  Front  Street. 


FOR    S^ILIE. 


SEVERAL  SECOND-HAND 

PORTABLE   ENGINES, 

FOR    SALE    CHEAP. 

Sizea,  from  eight   horse-power   to  twenty-five   horse- 
power.    IN  PERFECT  RUNNING  ORDER.     Apply  to 

JOSEPH  ENRIGHT, 

San  Jose,  California. 


^Mining 

WW 


At  the  Old  Stand,  Murket,  head  of  Front  Street,  S.  F.    1 


Scientific  and  Practical  Books 
on  Mining,  Metallurgy,  Etc. 

Published  or  issued,  wholesale  and  retail,  by  DEWEY  & 
CO.,  Manna  and  Scientific  Press  Office,  S.  F. 

BY  GUIDO  KUSTEL, 

Mining  Engineer  and  Metallurgist. 

Roasting  of  Gold  and  Silver  Ores,  and  the 
Extraction  of  their  respective  Metals  without  Quick- 
silver.    1S70. 

This  rare  book  on  the  treatment  of  gold  and  silver  ores 
without  quicksilver,  is  liberally  illustrated  and  crammed 
full  of  facts.  It  gives  short  and  concise  descriptions  of  va- 
rious processes  and  apparatus  employed  in  this  country 
and  in  Europe,  and  explains  the  why  and  wherefore 

It  contains  142  pages,  embracing  illustrations  of  fur- 
naces, implements  and  working  apparatus. 

ft  is  a  work  of  great  merit,  by  an  author  whose  reputa- 
tion is  unsurpassed  in  his  specialty. 
Price,  $2.£>0  coin,  postage  free. 

Concentration  of  Ores  (of  all  kinds),  including 
the  Chlorination  Process  for  Gold-bearing  Sulphureta, 
Arseniurets,  and  Gold  and  Silver  Ores  generally,  with 
120  Lithographic  Diagrams.     1807- 
This  work  is  unequaled  by  any  other  published,  embrac- 
ing the  subjects  treated.     Its  authority  is  highly  esteemed 
and  regarded  by  its  readers;  containing,  as  it  does,  much 
essential  information  to  the  Miner,  Millman,  Metallurgist, 
and  other  professional  workers  in  ores  and  minerals,  which 
cannot  be    found    elsewhere    in  print.     It   also  abounds 
throughout  with  facts  and  instructions  rendered  valuable 
by    being    clearly  rendered   together  and  in  simple  ol- 
der.    It  contains  120  diagrams,  illustrating    machinery 
etc.,  which  alone  are  of  the  greatest  value.    PRICE,  $7.50 


30 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS 


[January  11,   1879. 


Irop  and  |K!achipe  frofe 

TUOS.  PENDERGAST.  HENRY  S.  SMITH. 

/ETNA    IRON    WORKS, 

MANUFACTURERS  OF 

IRON  CASTINGS 

and      MACHINERY 

OF  ALL  KINDS. 

Fremont  Street,  Bet.  Howard  and  Folsom, 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 


SACRAMENTO  BOILER  WORKS, 

214  &  216  BE  ALE  St.,  (rear  of  /Etna  Fouudry) 

J.  V.  HALL, 

PRACTICAL    BOILER    MAKER, 

Marine  Stationary  and  Portable-  Boilers,  Smoke  Stacks, 

Hydraulic  Pipe,   Oil  or  Water  Tanks,    Ore  and 

Water  Buckets,  Gasometers,  Girders,  Bridges 

and   Iron    Ship    Building. 

ALL    KINDS    OF   SHEET    IRON    WORK. 

Repairing    promptly    attended    to    at    the 
lowest   possible   terms. 

UNION  IRON  WORKS, 

SACRAMENTO,    CAL. 
ROOT,    NBILSON    &    CO., 

MANUFACTURERS  OF 

STEAM    ENGINES,  BOILERS   AND    ALL 

Kinds  of  Machinery  for  Mining   Purposes. 

Flouring  Mills*,  Saw  Mills'  and   Quartz  Mills'  Machinery 

constructed,  fitted  up  and  repaired. 

Front  Street,  Between  N  and  O  Streets, 

SACRAMENTO,     CAL. 


PHELPS 
MANUFACTURING    COMPANY, 

Manufacturers  of  all  kinds  of 

Wharf  and  Bridge  Bolts,   Railroad  Trestle 

Work,   Car  Frames  and  Bolts,  Machine 

Bolts,   Set  Screws    and   Tap  Bolts, 

Lag   or    Coach    Screws. 

ALL  STYLES   OF  FANCY  HEAD  BOLTS. 

HOT  AND    COLD    PRESSED    HEXAGONAL    AND 

SQUARE    NUTS,     WASHERS,     BOLT    ENDS, 

TURNBUCKLES,     ETC.,    ETC. 

13, 15  and  17  Drumm  St.,  near  California, 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 


Golden  State  &  Miners  Iron  Works, 

Manufacture  Iron  Castings  and  Machinery 
of  all  Kinds  at  Greatly  Reduced  Rates. 

STEVENSON'S  PATENT 

Mold-Board  AMALGAMATORS, 
Golden  State  Pressure  Blowers. 

First  St..  between  Howard  &  Folsom,  S.  F. 


Wm.  H.  Birch.  John  Argall. 

California    Machine   Works, 
BIRCH,    ARGALL    &.    CO., 

119  Beale  Street,  San  Francisco. 

jtSTGeueral  Mechanical  Engineers  and  Machinists. 
Steam  Engines,  Flour,  Quartz  and  Mining  Machinery. 
Sole  manufacturers  of  Brodie's  Patent  Rock  Crushers  and 
Steel-Paced  Tappits.  Steam,  Hydraulic  and  Sidewalk 
Elevators.    Repairing  promptly  attended  to. 


California    Brass    Foundry, 

No,  125  First  Street,  Opposite  Minna. 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 

All  kinds  of  Brass,  Composition,  Zinc,  and  Babbitt 
Metal  Castings,  Brass  Ship  Work  of  all  kinds,  Spikes, 
sheathing  Nails,  Rudder  Braces,  Hinges,  Ship  and  Steam- 
boat Bells  and  Gongs  of  superior  tone.  All  kinds  of  Cocks 
and  Valves,  Hydraulic  Pipes  and  Nozzles,  and  Hose  Coup- 
lings and  Connections  of  all  sizes  and  patterns,  furnished 
with  dispatch.  ^PRICES  MODERATE.^ 

J.  H.  WEED.  V.  1UNGWELL. 


STEAM  ENGINES  AND  BOILERS 

Of  all  sizes— from  2  to  60-Horsc  power.  Also,  Quartz 
Mills,  Mining  Pumps,  Hoisting  Machinery,  Shafting,  Iron 
Tanks,  etc.     For  sale  at  the  lowest  prices  by 

J.    HENDY,  49  and  51  Fremont  Street,  S.  F. 


THOMAS  THOMPSON. 


THORNTON  THOMPSON. 


THOMPSON    BROTHERS, 

EUREKA    FOUNDRY, 

129  and  13X  Beale  St.,  between  Mission  and  Howard,  S.  F 

MANHFACTITRKRS  OF  CASTINGS  OK  EVERY  DESCRIPTION. 


WIND  Mill  0n0  of  tllc  bost  m,lu0  '"  '"is  State 
II  III  V  111  1 1- U.  for  sale  cheap  on  easy  terms.  Ad- 
dress, W.  T„  care  of  Dewey  &  Co.,  S.  F. 


GEORGE  W.  PRESCOTT. 


IRVING  M.  SCOTT. 


H.  T.  SCOTT. 


Union    |ron   Works. 

Office,  61  First  St.  |  Cor.  First  &  Mission  Sts.,  S.  F.  |  p.   0.   Box,  2128. 

BUILDERS     OF 

Steam,    Air   and    Hydraulic    Machinery. 

Home  Industry.-All  'Work  Tested  and  Guaranteed. 

Vertical  Engines, 
Horizontal  Engines, 
Automatic  Cut-off  Engines, 
Compound  Condensing  Engines, 
Shafting, 

TRY    OUR    MAKE,   CHEAPEST    AND    BEST    IN    USE. 

Send  for  Late  Circulars.  PRESCOTT,  SCOTT  &  CO. 


Baby  Hoists, 

Stamps, 

Ventilating  Fans, 

Pans, 

Eock  Breakers, 

Settlers, 

Self-Feeders, 

Retorts, 

Pulleys, 

Etc.,  Etc. 

MACHINE      WORKS, 

210  and  212  Beale  Street,  bet.  Howard  and  Folsom  Sts., 


San  Francisco. 


Manufacturers    of 


IMPROVED      PORTABLE 

JEX.  oistiiig:    Engines, 

For  Mining  and   Other   Purposes. 

Steam  Engines  and  all  Kinds  of  Mill  and  Mining  Machinery. 


Pacific  Rolling  Mill  Co., 

SAN    FRANCISCO,    CAL. 

manufacturers  of 

RAILROAD  AND    MERCHANT  IRON, 

rolled  beams,  angle,  channel  and  t  ikon,  bridge  and  machine  bolts,  lag  screws,  nuts 
washers,  etc.,  steamboat  shafts,  cranks,  pistons,  connecting  rods,  etc.,  etc. 

Car  and  Locomotive  Axles  and  Frames,  and  Hammered  Iron  of  Every  Description. 

HIGHEST    PRICE    PAID    FOR    SCRAP    IRON. 

IS-  Orders  Solicited  and  Promptly  Executed.  Office,  No.  16  FIRST  STEEET. 


Foilton    Iron    TV^orks. 

Hinckley,  Spiers  &  Hayes. 

(ESTABLISHED    IN    1855.) 

Works,  Fremont  and  Howard  Sts.  I  San  Francisco,  Cal.  I  Office,  No.  213  Fremont  St. 


MANUFACTURERS    OF 


Marine  Engines  and   Boilers, 


Propeller   Engines     either    High    Pressure    or  Com- 
pound Stem  or  Side  Wheel  Engines. 


Mining   Machinery. 

Hoisting  Engines  and  Works,  Cages,  Ore  Buckets,  Ore 
Cars,  Pumping  Engines  and  Pumps,  Water  Buckets, 
Pump  Columns,  Air  Compressors,  Air  Receivers, 
Air   Pipes. 

Mill  Machinery. 

Batteries  for  Dry  or     Wet  Crushing,     Amalgamating 

PnninOC     and     Rnilar*C    of  all  kinds,  either  for  use  on  Steamboats  and  made  in   accordance  with   the 
Uliyillco     allU     DUIICI  o   Act  of  Congress  reflating  the  same,  or  for  use  on  land.  Water  Pipe,  Pump 
or  Air  Column,  Fish  Tanks  for  Salmon  Canneries  of  every  description. 
Boiler  repairs  promptly  attended  to  and  at  very  moderate  rates. 


Pans,  Settlers,  Furnaces,  Retorts,  Concentrators,  Ore 
Feeders,  Rock  Breakers,  Furnaces  for  Reducing  Ores 
Water  Jackets,  Etc. 

Sugar  Machinery. 

Crushing  Rolls,  Clarificrs,  Vacuum  Pans,  Air  Pumps, 
Concentrators,  Bag  Filters,  Charcoal  Filters,  Blow-up 
Tanks,  Coolers  and  Receiving  Tanks. 

Miscellaneous   Machinery. 

Flour  Mill  Machinery,  Saw  Mill  Engines  and  Boilers, 
Dredging  Machinery,  Oil  Weil  Retorts,  Powder  Mill  Ma- 
chinery, Water  Wheels. 


PACIFIC    IRON    WORKS, 

First  and  Fremont  Streets,  between  Mission  and   Howard,  San   Francisco,  Cal., 
RANKIN,    BRAYTON    &    CO., 

Manufacturers    of 

ENGINES,  BOILERS,   MARINE   AND    STATIONARY.      PUMPING,   HOISTING,  AND    MINING    MACHINERY 

INCLUDING  BATTERIES,  AMALGAMATING  PANS  AND  SETTLERS,  CONCENTRATORS,  ORE  FEEDERS, 

CRUSHING  ROLLS  ANUROCK  BREAKERS.    ALSO,  WATER  JACKET  SMELTING  FURNACES, 

FOR  REDUCING  LEAD,  SILVER    AND    COPPER    ORES,  QUICKSILVER    FURNACES, 

RETORTS  AND  CONDENSERS,  ROASTING  AND  CHLORIDIZING  FURNACES, 

SUGAR    MILL    MACHINERY,  WATER    WHEELS,  ETC,   ALL    OF    THE 

LATEST  AND  MOST  IMPROVED  CONSTRUCTION. 

Agents  for  the  Allen  Engine  Governor,  Bailey  Air  Compressor,  Howell's 
Improved  "White  Furnaces,  "Walker's  Compound  Steam  Pumps,  Etc. 


"Western  Iron  Works, 

316     and     318     Mission     Street,     San     Francisco, 
PERRY  EDWARDS,  Frop'r. 

Manufacturer  of  Wrought  Iron  Girders,  Trusses.   Prison  Cells.  Iron  Roofs.  Crest 
Railings,  Finials,  Fences,  Weathervanes,  Gratings,  Iron  Work  for  Models,  Etc. 

Nickel  Plated  Railings.        Rank  and  Store  Fittings.       Estimates  given  and  Iron  Work  furnished  for  Buildings. 


HpWPV  Afln   i  r.    202      IPfltpnf  Afl'ic     I     Driving  Nails  Under  Water.— Stack's  illustrated ad- 
ltgwigj  w  uu.  )  Snusome  St  f  raiCIH  My  l&i  I  verUsement  appears  once  a  mouth  in  this  paper. 


f  Corner  Beale  and  Howard  Sts., 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 

W.  H.  TAYLOR,  Pres't.  JOSEPH  MOORE,  Sup't. 

Builders  of  Steam  Machinery 

In  all  ITS  BllANCIlES, 

Steamboat,  Steamship,  Land 

Engines  and  Boilers, 

HIGH  PRESSURE  OR  COMPOUND. 

STEAM  VESSELS,  of  all  kinds,  built  complete  with 
Hulls  of  Wood,  Iron  or  Composite. 

ORDINARY  ENGINES  compounded  when  ad- 
visable. 

STEAM  LAUNCHES,  Barges  and  Steam  Tugs  con- 
structed with  reference  to  the  Trade  in  which  they  are 
to  be  employed.  Speed,  tonnage  and  draft  of  water 
guaranteed. 

STEAM  BOILERS.  Particular  attention  given  to 
the  quality  of  the  material  and  workmanship,  and  none 
but  first-class  work  produced. 

SUGAR  MILLS  AND  SUGAR-MAKING 
MACHINERY  made  after  the  most  approved  plans. 
Also,  all  Boiler  Iron  Work  connected  therewith. 

WATER  PIPE,  of  Boiler  or  Sheet  Iron,  of  any  size 
made  in  suitable  lengths  for  connecting  together,  or 
sheets  rolled,  punched,  and  packed  for  shipment  ready 
to  be  riveted  on  the  ground. 

HYDRAULIC  RIVETING.  Boiler  Work  and 
Water  Pipe  made  by  this  establishment,  riveted  by 
Hydraulic  Riveting  Machinery,  that  quality  of  work 
being  far  superior  to  hand  work. 

SHIP  WORK.  Ship  and  Steam  Capstains,  Steam 
Winches,  Air  and  Circulating  Pumps,  made  after  the 
most  approved  plans. 

PUMPS.  Direct  Acting  Pumps,  for  Irrigation  or  City 
Water  Works  purposes,  built  with  the  celebrated  Davy 
Valve  Motion,  superior  to  any  other  Pump. 


—  AT  tub  - 


Electric  Model  &  Machine  Works 

Inventors   and    others  can   f?et  First-Class 
Work  at  Moderate  Prices. 

After  10  years  experience  with  inventions  and  other 
mechanical  work,  I  am  fully  prepared  to  execute  draw- 
ings, working-models  and  fine  machinery  of  any  descrip- 
tion to  entire  satisfaction. 

Brass  Finishing,  Pattern  Making,  Gear  Cutting,  Tele- 
graphic and  other  Electrical  Apparatus  by  competent 
workmen. 

TELEPHONES    TO    ORDER. 
F.  W.  FULLER,  415  Market  Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Main    Street    Iron    Works, 

WM.    DEACON,    PROPRIETOR. 

Nos.  131,  133  &  135  Main  St.,  San  Francisco. 

Siaiionary  and  Marine  Engines, 

Shafting,  Pulleys,  and  General  Machine  Work.  Jobbing 
and  repairing  done  Promptly  and  at  Lowest  Rates. 
Screw  Propellors,  Propellor  and  Steamboat  Engines. 

SAW  MILLS  and  SAW  MILL  MACHINERY. 


m 

BERRY&PUCE 


Market,  head  of  Front  Street,  San  Francisco. 


Steel  Castings. 

From  \  to  10,000  lbs.  weight,  true  to  pattern,  sound  an  , 
solid,  of  unequaled  strength,  toughness  and  durability 
An  invaluable  substitute  for  forgings  or  cast-iron  requir- 
ing three-fold  strength.     Send  for  circular  and  price  list  to 

CHESTER    STEEL     CASTINGS    CO., 


EVELINA    STREET, 


PHILADELPHIA,    PA. 


Diamond    Drill    Co. 

The  undersigned,  owners  of  LESCHOT'S  PATENT 
for  DIAMOND  POINTED  DRILLS,  now  brought  to  the 
highest  state  of  perfection,  are  prepared  to  fill  orders 
for  the  IMPROVED  PROSPECTING  AND  TUNNELING 
DRILLS,  with  or  without  power,  at  short  notice,  and 
at  reduced  prices.  Abundant  testimony  furnished  of 
the  great  economy  and  successful  working  of  numerous 
machines  in  operation  in  the  quartz  and  gravel  mines 
on  this  coast.  Circulars  forwarded,  and  full  infor- 
mation given  upou  application. 

A.  J.  SEVERANCE  &  CO. 
Office,  No.  320  Sansome  street.  Room  10. 


GOLD    MINE    WANTED. 

One  now  paying  more  than  expenses.    Address 

W.    S.    KEYES,    M.    B., 
No.  310  Pine  St.,  Boom  42,  San  Francisco 


January  n,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


THE  NEVADA  OVAL  TOP  RETORT. 


31 


The  advantage  oi  this  Retort  over  tUe  01. 1)  FLAT 
PATTERN  is,  th.,t  it  can  be  filled  full  ,,.■  Amalgam, there- 
by holding  more  than  the  old  atyle,  beaidee  avoiding  all 
danger  of  an  exploBion  owing  to  the  orown  space  in  the 
eover  which  allowa  for  the  i-tpausiou.  They  are  made, 
extra  heavy,  WELL  GROUND  in  the  joints,  and  ;iru  fur- 
rdahed  with  a  strong  Norway  clamp,  having  a  wrought 
iron  key  which  can  he  driven  in  or  out  of  place  by  a  single 

stroke  ol  ;i  hammer. 

The  Annoying  Thumb-Screws  are  Entirely 
Done   Away   With. 


We  Make  Seven  Sizes,  as  follows: 

t   or  Tints 12       3       4       5       (i       10 

Mollis  Pounds  Quicksilver.,   I--'   25   ::s    50    ii:t    ',:,  125 

Weight  each lOlhu  15    IS    25    SI     4-1    05 

i 

Mortars  and  Pestles, 

GROUND    INSIDE. 


ELECTRIC    LIGMiT. 

BRUSH     PATENT. 
The  Best,  Cheapest,  Cleanest,  and  Most  Powerful  Light  in  the  World. 

In  daily  use  at  the  Palace  Hotel  and  the  Union  Iron  Works,  S.  F. 


size    Quarts J       1      2      4      ti      S      12 

Hight— Inches .. .  :','.      5      0    7^    SJ      9      11 
Weight— Pounds  .  Oi      9     Mi    22    37    43      72 


Mi 


SO 


Bullion    Ladle. 


Furyeil    from    one    piece    of    Charcoal    Iron,    eight    inches  in 
liameter  by  four  inches  deep. 

Send    for    Circular    and    Prices- 


DUNHAM,  CARRIGAN  &  CO.,  Agents,  San  Francisco 


^ZR^HSTCIS   SIMZITIEI  <Sc  CO., 

MANUFACTUKEUS     OF 

THE  PATENT  CHANNEL  IRON  WHEELBARROWS, 


The  Strongest  Barrow  Made.  These  Barrows  ure  made  by  Superior  Workmen,  and  of  the  best  material. 
All  sizus  kept  constantly  on  band. 

Lap-Welded  Pipe,  all  Sizes,  from  Three  to  Six  Inches.  Artesian  Well  Pipe.  Also,  Gal- 
vanized Iron  Boilers,  from  Twenty-five  to  One  Hundred  Gallons. 

Iron  Cut,  Punched,  and  Formed  for  making  pipe  on  ground,  where  required.  All  kinds  of  tools  supplied  for 
making  pipe.  Estimates  given  when  required.  Are  prepared  for  coating  all  size  of  pipes  with  a  composition  of 
Coal  Tar  and  Asphaltum. 

Office  and  Manufactory,  130  BEALE  STREET,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


D.   F.  IIITTCIIINCS. 


D.  M.  Dl'NNU. 


J.  SAKPEIiSON 


iFiHicEisriix  oil  ^ato:r,:k:s, 

HUTCHIMGS     &     CO., 

OIL    and    COMMISSION    MERCHANTS, 

Manufacturers  and  Dealers  in  Sperm,  Whale,  Lard,  Machinery  and  Illuminating  Oils. 
517    FRONT    STREET     SAN    FRANCISCO. 


San   Francisco   Pioneer   Screen   Works, 

J.  W.  QUICK,  Manufacturer, 

Several  first  premiums  received 
for  Quart/.  Mill  Screens,  and  Per- 
forated Sheet  Metals  of  every 
I  de.scri[ition.  I  would  call  special 
attc-ntiou  to  my  SLOT  CUT  aud 
SLOT  PUNCHED  SCREENS, 
I  which  are  attracting  much  at- 
I  tention  and  giving  universal 
I  satisfaction.  This  is  the  only 
|  establishment  ou  the  coast  de- 
voted exclusively  to  the  manufac- 
ture of  Screens.  Mill  owners  using  Mattery  Screens  exten- 
sively can  contract  for  large  supplies  at  favorable  rates. 
Orders  solicitedand  promptly  attended  to, 

32  Fremont  Street.  San  Francisco. 


wm- 


KusTKi/s  Concentration  of  Ores  (of  ail  kinds),  inclu- 
ding the  Chlorination  Process  forGold-bearing'Sulphurets, 
Arscniurets,  and  Gold  and  Silver  ores  generally,  with  120 
Lithographic  Diagrams,  1867.  Trie  most  complete  treat- 
ise. Published  at  this  office.  Price,  $7.50.  Postage,  50 
«ents  extra 


THE     AMERICAN 


All  sizes, 

and  adapted  to 

from 

3  to  500 

feet  head 


TURBINE 

Water  Wheels 

THE  BEST  IN  THE 
WORLD  ! 


Send  for  our  Circular 
and  Prices. 

BERRY  &  PLACE. 

Market  St.,  Head  of  Front, 

San  Francisco. 


For  Lighting  Mines,  Factories,  Mills,  Streets, 
Theaters,  Public  Halls,  Etc.,  It  has  no  Equal, 
either  for  Brilliancy  or  Cheapness. 

For  further  particulars,  Catalogues,  Prices,  Etc., 
apply  to 

WILLIAM    KERR, 

President  S.  F.  Telegraph  Supply  Co., 

903  Battery  St.,  San  Francisco. 


EDISON'S  ELECTRIC  PEN   and   PRESS. 


MAKES35,OOOrCOPIES    FROM    ONE    WRITING, 

Requires    no    Prepared    Ink,     or     Paper,     no     Skilled     Expert     to     do     Good     Work 
From    5    to    15    Copies    per    minute    by    an    Office    Boy. 

Indispensable  to  Lawyer.-;,  Cankers,  Colleges  and  Sehools,  Music  Dealers,  Real  Estate  Men,    aud    Business   Finns 
ill  every  department  of  trade. 

Costs    but    $2.50    Per    Annum    to    run    it. 


WHAT    THEY    SAY: 
"As  good  as  a  full-grown  lithographic  establishment." — Bakkii  &  Hamilton. 
"Indispensable  to  the  use  of  this  office. " — FIREMAN'S  Fc.N'D  Insurance  Co. 
"Exceeds  our  most  sanguine  expectations."— Hv  BALZER  &  Co. 

"I  would  not  be  without  it  for  live  times  its  cost."— lino.  Lkvlston.  Attorney-at-law. 
"Very  useful  and  fully  meets  oiirex|ieetations."— W.  T.  Coleman  &  Co. 

"Has  become  one  of  the  most  valuable  appendages  of  the  Academy."— Cal.  Military  Academy. 
"We  would  on  no  account  dispense  with  it  "— Imtkrial,  London,  Nortuhiin  and  Queen  Insurance  Co. 'a. 
Call  on,  or  send  for  Circular  and  Samples  of  "work  to 

E.  A  DAKIN,  Gen'l  Agent  for  Pacific  Coast,  209  Sansome  St.,  S.  F. 


SANDERSON  BROS.  &  GO.'S 

Best  Refined.  Cast-Steel. 

Warranted  Most  Superior  for  Drills,  Hammers,  Etc. 

A  full  and   complete  stock  of  this  reliable  and  well-known 
brand  of  Steel,  for  mining  and  other  uses,  now  in  stock  and  for  sale 

At  No.  417  Market  St,  S.  F.,   -   H.  D.  Morris,  Agent. 


1  MXTSICA.L  BOXES 

S        For  Holidav,  Birthday  and  i/Veddmg  Presents. 


S3 

o 


Is/L.    JT.    PAILLARD     &c     CO.,  \ 

Manufacturers  and  Importers, 

No.  120  Sutter  St.,  San  Francisco. 


7      & 

30 
—I 
m 

SO 

V) 


32 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[January  11,   1879. 


Mining    Machinery    Depot, 


PARKE   &   LACY,   417   Market  St. 

Air  Compressors,    JBL      Rock  Drills 


HOISTING  ENGINES, 

ALL   SIZES, 

Double  and  Single, 
With  Single    and   Double  Reels. 


BURLEIGH   ROCK   DRILL, 

Does  more  -work  at  Less  Cost 

THAN  ANY  OTHER   ROCK   DRILL. 


Pressure    Blowers. 

Compound  Steam  Pumps. 

Yacht  Engines. 

Diamond  Anti-Friction  Metal. 

PUMP 

And  AIR  COLUMN. 


DEANE'S  STEAM  PUMPS 

Vertical  and  Horizontal. 

Steam    Plunger    Pumps. 


BUCKET     PLUNGER     PUMPS. 

Bucket  Plunger  Pump.  BURLEIGH      AIR       COMPRESSOR 

Ch-ampion.    Mine    Ventilator.     GiV68c^perres! M^P  any 

PUTNAM'S 

Irrigating  Pumps.       Wood-Working  Machinery. 


FIRE  ENGI2TES, 

Bahcock  Chemical  Engines,    Hose  Carts, 

Hook  and  Ladder  Trucks,  and  Fire  Extinguishers.    c°pE  and  maxwell  pump. 

w  Substituting  all  Others. 


CENTRIFUGAL  PUMPS. 

Hand   Pumps. 

SHIP    PUMPS. 

Flexible   Shafts. 


MACHINISTS'  TOOLS. 

Lathe  Chucks. 

FARMERS'    BATTERY. 


Hill's    Exploders. 

SEND    FOR   CIRCULARS. 


W.   T.   GARRATT'S 

BRASS  and  BELL  FOUNDRY 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 
MANUFACTURER  AND  IMPORTER  OF 

Church  and  Steamboat  BELLS  and  GONGS 
BRASS  CASTINGS  of  all  kinds, 
"WATER  GATES,   GAS  GATES, 
FIRE  HYDRANTS, 

DOCK  HYDRANTS, 

GARDEN  HYDRANTS 

General  Assortment   of    Engineers'  Findings. 

Hooker's    Patent 
Celebrated 

STEAM,PUMP 

^TThe  Beat  and  Most 
Durable  in  use.  Also, 
a  variety  of  other 

PUMPS 

For  Mining  and  Farm- 
ing- Purposes. 

ROOT'S  BLAST  BLOWERS, 

For  Ventilating-  Mines  and  for  Smelting  Works. 

HYDRAULIC    PIPES    AND     NOZZLES, 

For  Mining-  Purposes. 

Garratt's    Improved    Journal    Metal. 

IMPORTER   OF 

IRON  PIPE  AND  MALLEABLE    IRON    FITTINGS. 

ALL   RINDS  OF 

WORK  AND  COMPOSITION  NAILS, 

AT  LOWEST  RATES. 


©a^f 


CV^*mJE 


MANUFACTURED  UNDER  A.   NOBEL'S  ORIGINAL  AND  ONLY  VALID  NITROGLYCERINE  PATENTS 

Nos.  ONE,    TWO    and    THREE. 
Stronger,    Better  and   Safer  than   any  other  High  Explosive. 

Judson     Powder 

IS  NOW  USED  IN  ALL  LARGE  HYDRAULIC  CLAIMS. 


WATER  TANKS  of  any  capacity  made  entirelj 
by  machinery.  Materials  the  best  in  use;  construction  not 
excelled.  Pan  Staves,  Tuba  and  Oak  Guides  foi 
mining  purposes  a  specialty. 

WELLS,    RUSSELL    &    CO., 
Mechanics'    Mills,    Cor.    Mission    and    Fremont  Streets. 

The  "  California  Legal  Record." 

The  ONLY  WEEKLY  containing  all  the 

decisions  of  the  Supreme  Court 

of  California, 

(The  only  complete  continuation  of  the  S.  F.  Law  Journal.) 

Published  every  Saturday,  mSvo.  Bize— like  the  California 
Reports-contains  kvery  decision  of  the  Supreme  Court 
as  fast  as  rendered,  with  a  syllabus  aud  statement  of  facts 
and  other  important  legal  matter.  The  volumes  commence 
on  the  first  of  October  and  April  ouch,  ami  have  a  full  index 
for  reference  and  binding. 

REDUCED  PRICE,  only  *5.50  per  year,  or  $3  per  volume 
of  six  months.  Remit  by  Postal  Order  or  Registered  Letter 
specifying  what  date  or  number  to  commence.  Back  num- 
bers furnished.     Sample  immbe.rs  sent  free     Address 

-kt     «vo  ,/■  £*  SCOFIELD  &  CO.,  Publishers  and' Prop's. 

No,  603  Washington  street,  San  Francisco,  CaL 


It  breaks  more  ground,   pulverizes  it  better,   saves  time  and  money,   and  is    supersedin 
powder  wherever  it  is  tried.     flSTTriplc  Force  Caps  and  all  Grades  of  Fuse. 


the    ordinary 

BANDMANN,    NIELSEN    &    CO..  San  Fra.*v-,isco. 


Testimonials  as  to  the  perfect 
■working-  of  the  Concentrator  to  be 
seen  at  the  office. 


The  FRUE  ORE  CONCENTRATOR. 

Adams  &  Carter,  Agents. 

JOHN    M.     ADAMS.  WM.     F.     CARTER. 

MINING  AND  MECHANICAL  ENGINEERS. 

Room   7,    No.   109  California  St.,  San   Francisco,     P.  0.  Box  2,068. 


VULCAN  BLASTING  POWDER. 


The  strongest  and 
most  economical  ex- 
plosive in  use. 


Wherever  it  has  been  given  a  test,  it  has  surpassed  all  other  high  explosives. 

WnrlfC  at    SAN  PABLO,  California,  I  ftffioo      No.  123  California  Street, 

11  ui  i\5»  at        an(}  RENO,  Nevada.  Ulllbc,  SAN    FRANCISCO. 


A.  S.  HALLIDIE. 

nia^Street, 


Office,  No.  6  Call 

SAW  TffAN 


iron  and  Steel  Wire  Rope, 

Flat  and  Round,  for  Minings  flipping, 
Hoisting  and  Gwernlymposes. 

Having  tW'moSt  cSrplete  \eHT~ extensive 
Wi»SS^B  Vrorks  in  theMJnited  States,  I  am 
p™poB«lTomaT»facture  Wire  Hope  and  Cables 
of  anjjjfngtu  or  size  at  short  notice,  and  guar- 
mtea  the  quality  and  'workmanship  equal  to 
■ny  made  at  home  or  ah 

If  on,  SteeI~Muf\G<Hvajkizeu  Wire 


way, 

EtC 


Barbecr  Fen: 

Sole  Propi 
tnf©-afcisp°*atii 


of  Ores. 


SAVE    YOUR    GOLD  ! 


Highly  Important  to  Miners  and  Quartz  Mill  Men! 

0 

SILVER  PLATED  COPPER  AMALGAMATING  PLATES. 

The  BEST  PROCESS  yet  discovered  for    SAVING  FINE  GOLD.     Extensively  used  in 
Mines  and  Quartz  Mills.     Over  five  hundred  orders  have  been  filled  for  these  Plates. 

SAN  FRANCISCO  GOLD,  SILVER,  NICKEL  AND  COPPER  PLATING  WORKS, 

Nos.  653  and  655  Mission  Street,  San  Francisco. 

E.    G.    DENNISTON, PROPRIETOR. 


O   504 


Washington  St. 
SAN  FRANCISCO. 


^OWSUJ-TING  ENGINE^'  «AMI"E/!„M^;tV    < 
-~«2»Al  «S«EB  »  METM.UIRGIST- 


The    Explorers'.  Miners'  &    Metallurgists'  Companion 

672  pages,  S3  Illustrations,  (2.1.  Edition.)  Price    s  10  50 

The  Prospector's  Patented  "Wee  Pet"  Assurer. ..  100. 00 

The  Testing  machine  for  Gold.  Silver.  Lend.  Etc. .     40  00 

Cabinet  of  Fluxes  etc..  for  these  machines 20  00 

Pocket  Laboratory  for  Blovrpipists 50  00 

Vest  Pocket  Blowpipe 300 

CHARGES.— Assaying.  -S3;  Testing.    32  per' metal. 


DIVIDEND    NOTICE. 

The  German  Savings  and  Loan  Society. 

For  the  half  year  ending  this  date,  the  Board  of  Direc- 
tors of  THE  GERMAN  SAVINGS  AND  LOAN  SOCIETY 
has  declared  a  Dividend  on  Term  Deposits  at  the  rate  of 
seven  and  one-half  (7J)  per  cent,  per  annum,  aud  on  Ordi- 
nary Deposits  at  the  rate  of  six  and  one-fourth  (611  per 
cent,  per  annum,  free  from  Federal  Taxes,  and  parable  on 
aud  after  the  16th  day  of  January,  1879.     By  order 

s      1.     ■  ,  GEORGE  LETTE,  Secretary. 

aan  Francisco,  December  31at,  1878. 


N.    W.    SPAULDING'S 


PATENT   DETACHABLE  TOOTH    SAWS, 

Manufactory,  17  &  19  Fremont  St.,  S.  F. 


A.  S.  HALLIDIE. 

Qffloo,  Ha  6  California.  St.,  San  Francisco. 


GARDNER'S 

Celebrated 


Governor 


These  Steam  Governors   have   long 
been  known  as  THE  BEST,  and 
as  lately  Improved  and  Per- 
fected, they  have  no  Rival. 

THE    SAFETY    STOP 

On  these  Governors  is  alone   worth   double   the  price  of 
the  Governor.    Wc  have  sold  over  six  hundred,  and 

Never  one  has  Failed. 

They  are  sold  at  the  same  price  (or  less)  as  ordinary 
Governors.     Send  for  Circular. 

BERRY   &.   PLACE, 

Market,  head  of  Front  St.,  San  Francisco 


Prompt  Attention  to  Business. 

Aurora,  Nev.,  Dec.  7th,  1878. 
Mkssrs.  Dbwkv  &  Co.,  S.  F.— Dear  Sirs:— I  acknowl- 
edge the  receipt  of  my  patent  per  express  this  morning, 
and  am  obliged  for  same.  I  do  not  know  what  to  say  to 
you  regarding  your  prompt  attention  to  business,  but  will 
say  to  my  friends  what  I  cannot  Bay  to  you.  Many  thanks  " 
is  what  you  will  get  from    Yours  truly,"        C.  W.  Lank. 


This  paper  is  printed  with  Ink  furnished  by 
Chas.  Bneu  Johnson  &  Co.,  509  South  10th 
St.,  Philadelphia  &  59  Gold|St.,|N.  Y. 


An  Illustrate 


i*v    ih-;wkv   A   co. 

Publlwh  *«i*m. 


SAN  FRANCISCO,  SATURDAY,  JANUARY  18,  1879. 


VOLUME    3C3C3LVIII 

Number    3. 


The  Deane  Mining  Pump. 

Notwithstanding  the  fact  that  direct-acting 
pumping  machinery  for  draining  mines  costs 
much  lees  than  any  other  style,  a  prejudice 
exists  against  its  employment  on  account  of  the 
concussion — so  destructive  to  pipes  and  connec- 
tions— that  attends  the  use  of  Improperly  de- 
signed and  constructed  machines.  This  is 
claimed  to  be  entirely  obviated  in  the  Deane 
mining  pump,  by  applying  a  simple  cushion  (tirst 
used  on  these  pumps)  to  the  steam  cylinder, 
compelling  the  piston  to  stop  and  start  slowly 
at  the  end  of  each  stroke,  so  that  the  water 
valves  may  have  time  to  seat  quietly,  and  cause 
no  shock  or  jar. 

The  Deane  plunger  pumps,  recently  intro- 
duced here  by  Parke  &  Lacy,  417  Market  street, 
in  this  city,  have  two  plungers  working  in  op- 
posite ends  of  a  water  cylinder,  divided  in  the 
center  with  valves  of  the  most  approved  con- 
struction. They  are  intended  for  situations 
where  the  gritty  nature  of  the  water  prevents 
the  use  of  piston  pumps. 

Fig.  2  of  the  accompanying  engravings  shows 
one  of  these  plunger  mining  pumps  with  14-iuch 
steam  cylinder,  8-inch  plunger,  and  12-inch 
stroke. 

Fig.  1  shows  a  Dean  pump,  piston  style,  with 
12-inch  steam  cylinder,  7-inch  water  cylinder, 
and  12-inch  stroke.  The  piston  mining  pumps 
are  made  from  special  patterns,  and  are  de- 
signed for  situations  where  the  water  is  com- 
paratively free  from  grit.  They  are  also  de- 
sirable for  temporary  work,  and  for  duty  where 
Bpace  is  limited.  They  are  lighter,  more  com- 
pact, and  co3t  less  than  plunger  pumps  of  equal 
capacities.  The  linings,  water  valve  plates, 
piston  rods,  stuffing-boxes,  and  water  piston- 
heads  are  of  solid  composition.  The  packing  is 
of  fibrous  rings,  or  leather  cups,  as  desired. 
They  run  without  shock  or  concussion.  The 
working  parts  are  all  readily  accessible. 

A  very  interesting   little  pamphlet   has  been 
published  by  the   manufacturers   of  the  Deane 
pumps,  comparing   in    details  the   four  promi- 
nent systems,  viz. :     Cameron,  Dean,  Blake  and 
Knowles.  These  pumps  are  shown  by  diagrams, 
and  their  details  of  construction  and   operation 
compared  one  with  the  other.     Those  interested 
in  pumping   machinery  for  mines,    will  find   it 
worth  their   while  to   send    to   the  agents  for 
this  pamphlet,  as  it  contains  a  great  deal  of  in- 
formation not   readily   access- 
ible  from   other  sources.     We 
have    only  space  for  the   con- 
cluding paragraph,  which  sums 
up     the     advantages    of     the 
Deane  system  as  follows: 

The  Deane  system  is  the 
simplest;  as  the  parts 
peculiar  to  it  are  less  in  num- 
ber than  those  of  the  Cameron, 
less  than  one-half  those  of  the 
Knowles,  and  about  one-third 
those  of  the  Blake;  is  the  most 
positive,  as  it  has  a  straight 
mechanical  connection  between 
the  main  valve  and  the  main 
piston;  is  the  most  durable,  as 
the  supplemental  and  the  main 
are  both  flat  side  valves;  is  the 
least  liable  to  breakage  from  ex- 
ternal causes,  as  it  has  no  c  >m- 
plicated  valve-gear,  and  what 
it  has  is  between  the  steam  and 
the  water  cylinder;  in  a  word, 
it  combines  the  greatest  sim- 
plicity with  the  greatest  per- 
fection, both  in  theo  ry  and  in 
practice. 

Wintery  Weather  Note.  —  The  Nevada 
State  papers  all  talk  of  cold  weather  and  snow. 
The  cold  weather  of  the  past  few  weeks  at  Ne- 
vada City,  terminated  in  a  snowfall  on  the  8th. 
In  the  foothills,  as  usual,  delicate  fruit  trees  are 
less  injured  than  in  the  valleys. 


We  have  two  correspondents  in  Arizona  who 
will  be  heard  from  this  week,  probably.  Al- 
though we  are  favored  with  occasional  corre- 
spondence from  all  the  outlying  mining  regions, 


Fictitious  Capital  Stock. — An  effort  has  been 
made  in  the  Constitutional  Convention  at  Sac- 
ramento, to  cut  down  the  licti tious  capital  stock 
ao  often  put  forward  in  the  incorporations  of 


PIG.    1.    THE     DEANE    PISTON    MINING ,  PUMP. 


our  readers  in  Idaho,  Montana,  and  Utah  will 
bear  in  mind  that  their  letters  are  always  wel- 
come; and  that  a  paragraph  from  a  reliable  cor- 
respondent often  goes  far- 
ther than  a  heavier  article. 
Every  good  mining  district 
has  its  problem  to  solve, 
and  its  comparisons  to  work 
out,  metallurgically  and 
otherwise.  The  character 
of  the  ore  deposits  should 
be  understood.  Specimens 
to  illustrate  these  can  be 
sent  to   the  University  and 


mining  companies,  to  something  like  a  reason- 
able limit,  by  means  of  a  tax,  preliminary  to 
riling  articles  for  record.  The  Convention  de- 
cided that  such  a  tax  would  not  be  likely  to 
prevent  any  of  the  real  "wild  cat"  schemes  from 
being  brought  before  the  people,  whom  it 
was  sought  to  victimize;  while  it  was  certain 
that  it  would  prevent  many  honest  and  meri- 
torious companies  from  organizing,  by  placing 
unnecessary  impediments  in  their  way.  No 
one  can  doubt  the  good  intention  of  the  mover, 
nor  fail  to  see  that  it  is  the  mining  interest 
itself  that  suffers  most  from  dishonesty  in  any 


Practice  at  the  University. 

The  literary  societies  of  the  University  at 
Berkeley  conduct  a  monthly  magazine,  by  elect- 
ing from  amongst  themselves  successive  editors 
and  assistants.  The  Bvrkeleyan  is  a  portly  in- 
dividual of  63  pages,  about  one-third  advertising 
matter,  printed  on  the  University  press.  Noth- 
ing could  be  more  creditable  to  the  donors  of 
the  printing  office,  and  to  the  University,  than 
such  an  evidence  of  vitality,  and  of  a  practical 
literary  training.  If  the  young  men  who  are 
studying  at  Berkeley  can  learn,  in  their  four 
years'  course,  how  to  be  thoroughly  informed  on 
any  given  subject  in  practical  life;  how  to  write 
what  they  know  in  good  enough  English  for 
the  printer;  and  how  to  deliver  themselves 
verbaly,  in  good  enough  style  to  be  tolerated 
by  an  audience  of  a  dozen  intelligent  persons, 
they  will  have  acquired  the  most  useful  part  of 
the  University  training.  In  saying  this,  it  is 
understood,  of  course,  that  the  rudiments  and 
the  details  of  physics  and  the  natural  sciences, 
of  chemistry  and  the  arts,  are  a  matter  of  life 
acquisition,  in  which  the  collegian  is  like  the 
school  boy  and  the  man  of  the  world  who  has 
never  been  to  school,  of  course  obliged  to  be 
"posted,"  if  he  would  turn  his  efforts  to  any 
account.  On  the  subject  of  training  in  the  use 
of  the  pen,  the  retiring  editor  says  several 
things  which  are  the  result  of  his  experience, 
and  which  are  equally  applicable  to  the  larger 
class  of  students  of  the  world: 

"Students  are  more  liberal  with  their  purses 
than  with  their  literary  efforts  in  sustaining  a 
publication.  All  want  to  read,  but  no  one 
wants  to  write  and  be  criticised.  With  all  our 
requests  for  contributions,  we  have  met  with 
but  little  return;  we  were  obliged  to  go  directly 
to  the  individuals,  and  to  ask  for  what  we 
wanted.  Few  articles  have  been  volunteered, 
and  those  only  were  contributed  which  were 
read  in  class,  and  approved  of  and  recommended, 
by  the  Professor  of  Literature.  As  a  conse- 
quence we  have  received  either  biographical, 
metaphysical,  or  critical  articles,  and  of  these 
the  second  class  predominated.  One  of  the 
most  interesting  departments  of  literature  was 
never  indulged  in — interesting  narratives,  or 
something  spirited  and  light  to  bridge  over  the 
monotony  of  continuous  metaphysics.  We  must 
have  something  light,  something  amusing.  A 
conversational  style  would  be  good.  Dialogues 
occur  daily  with  ua,  which,  with  a  little  judici- 
ous trimming  and  polishing,  would  amuse 
others  aB  they  amuse  us." 

While  wit  and  sentiment  fill  the  brighter, 
yet  they  are  only  a  small  part 
of  the  field  occupied  by  writers. 
Reports  of  investigations  are 
the  simplest  form  of  writing; 
beginning  with  the  simplest 
form  of  a  letter.  The  art  or 
industry  requisite,  however,  in 
making  out  a  perfect  "brief," 
using  the  legal  term — of  cover- 
ing all  the  information  that  is 
extant  or  obtainable  bearing 
upon  the  case — are  not  often 


FIG.CT2.  THE  DEANE  PLUNGER  PUMP  FOB  MINING  PURPOSES. 


to  the  Academy  of  Sciences  by  Wells,  Fargo  & 
Co.'s  express  without  charge;  and  any  letters 
sent  to  us  descriptive  of  such,  will  receive  due 
attention. 


The  great  suit  against  the  United  States  for 
11,000  square  miles  of  land  in  Missouri  and 
Texas  was  decided  by  the  Supreme  court  ad- 
versely to  the  claimants. 


form,  that  may  be  practiced  by  mining  opera- 
tors. 


The  Giant  Powder  Works,  half  a  mile  south 
of  Golden  Gate  Park,  blew  up  on  Monday,  at 
two  p.  m.,  killing  four  persons.     Loss,  $55,000. 

A  natural  mammoth  cave  has  been  discover- 
ed near  Columbia,  Tuolumne  county. 


The  fact  that  good  opportu- 
nities are  given  at  the  Uni- 
versity to  persons  who  may 
desire  to  make  original  invest- 
igations in  agriculture,  chemis- 
try, mineralogy,  metallurgy, 
geology  and  mechanics;  that 
there  are  often  excellent  special 
topics  suggested  to  be  worked 
up,  which  have  both  a  prac- 
tical bearing  and  interest ; 
that  sections  of  the  Acad- 
emy of  Sciences,  embracing 
mining  among  other  branches, 
microscopical  and  other  societies,  havenowbeen 
organized  within  reach  of  the  University  collec- 
tions— these  are  all  matters  worth  noting,  in 
this  connection,  as  it  is  evident  that  the  Uni- 
versity is  about  to  enter  upon  a  more  promi- 
nent career,  in  connection  with  the  industrial 
and  scientific  progress  of  the  coast. 

Jay  Cooke,  the  ex-banker,  is  in  Utah. 


34 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[January  18,  1879. 


Scenes   in   the   High   Sierra    Back   of 
Yosemite — Continued. 

[Written  for  the  Press  by  J.  G.  Lemmon.  ] 

Glaciers  and  their  Work. 

Nowhere  else  in  California  are  glaciers  more 
fully  represented  than  here  around  the  bases  of 
this  Lyell  group  of  half  a  dozen  peaks.  It  is 
not  so  surprising  that  the  much  loftier  Whitney 
group  to  the  south,  nor  the  great  domes  of  Dana 
and  Gibbs  northward,  scarcely  retain  an  active 
glacier,  when  we  consider  the  character  of  their 
rock,  reddish  porphyry,  greenstone  and  slates, 
all  good  absorbants  of  solar  rays.  The  cold, 
gray  granite  and  silvery  quartz  of  Lyell,  added 
to  the  interior  location  of  the  group,  condense 
the  moisture  out  of  the  over-blowing  winds  for 
a  longer  period  of  the  year,  to  fall  in  copious 
showers  of  snow  on  their  plateaus,  then  to  crys- 
tallize to  neve,  soon  hardening  to  fields  of  ice, 
called  Mers  de  Glace,  from  whence  glaciers 
emerge,  grinding  their  way  to  the  plain. 

First  the  Facts,  Then  their  Origin. 

These  Mers  de  Qlace  are  ribbed  from  upper  to 
lower  side  with  hard  snow,  the  lowest  end 
the  largest  between  each  ridge,  in  the  warmest 
hours  of  summer  days,  there  flows  the  daily 
melt  of  snow,  filling  the  cracks  that  occur  always 
in  a  mass  of  ice  upon  every  change  of  tempera- 
ture. Down  each  canyon  of  every  peak,  where 
favored  by  shade,  flows  a  frozen  river,  a  glacier. 
On  its  back,  regularly  distributed,  are  rocks  of 
all  sizes,  some  partly  covered  with  the  ridges  of 
snow.  These  glaciers  move  slowly  down  the 
canyons,  which  they  exactly  fill,  to  the  level  of  the 
melting  point  at  the  present  time  in  this  region, 
at  an  elevation  of  about  11,500  feet.  Arrived 
at  the  melting  line  the  glacier  abruptly  ter- 
minates in  a  sheer  precipice,  semi-circular  in. 
outline.  Off  from  its  edge,  one  after  another, 
fall  the  rock  passengers,  forming  a  curved  row 
of  high-piled  rocks,  a  moraine.  These  moraines 
are  often  one  to  two  miles  long  in  their  sweep- 
ing curve  and  50  feet  high. 

Following  down  the  ravine,  it  is  found  to  be 
smooth  on  the  bottom  and  sides,  with  no  sharp 
angles  in  its  course,  nor  yet  the  short  bends  pe- 
culiar to  water  courses.  At  intervals,  deep, 
round  or  oval  lakes  are  found  in  or  near  the 
center  of  the  ravine. 

At  every  change  of  level,  that  is,  every  preci- 
pice down  which  this  ravine-maker  continues, 
just  over  the  brow  there  is  found  a  moraine. 

Farther  on,  when  the  plain  is  reached,  the 
ravine  joins  with  others  to  form  a  deep,  narrow 
valley,  strangely  regular  in  contour,  no  sharp 
angles  or  bends,  but  at  a  few  points  curving 
gracefully  from  side  to  side,  always  bending 
away  from  a  tributary,  never  towards  one,  as 
often  do  rivers. 

The  Glacio-Aqueous  Epoch. 

Before  we  attempt  to  interpret  these  phe- 
nomena, let  us  recall  the  glacio -aqueous  epoch 
of  the  world's  history,  and  note  the  configura- 
tion given  to  our  globe  by  the  universal  ice 
mantle.  The  waters  of  the  earth  then  flowed 
at  an  elevation  far  above  the  tops  of  the  present 
mountains.  In  the  lapse  of  time,  as  condensa- 
tion of  the  earth's  elements  took  place,  the 
waters  were  gradually  drawn  off  into  preparing 
oceans,  at  the  same  time  ridges  or  undulating 
bilges  of  the  earth's  crust  appeared,  constituting 
the  present  mountain  chains,  with  their  com- 
plement of  material,  now  removed. 

As  the  sea,  with  its  immense  blocks  of  ice, 
driven  about  by  wind  and  tide,  receded,  the 
icebergs  began  to  touch  the  earth's  ribs,  and  at 
once  the  work  of  grinding  and  denuding  com- 
menced. While  age  upon  age  elapsed,  lower 
and  lower  sank  the  icy  sea,  and  its  ice  blocks 
beat  harder  and  harder  upon  the  ribs.  The 
weakest  formed  rock  gave  way  first,  and,  it  may 
be,  that  between  now  towering  peaks  there  once 
existed  much  higher,  but  easier  denuded  rocks. 
At  length  the  great  icy  sea  receded  until  it 
became  fenced  into  basins  by  the  appearing 
mountain  chains.  In  the  weakest  places  chan- 
nels were  formed,  and  as  differences  of  level 
occurred,  as  respects  the  basins,  the  resistance 
of  the  sierra  barriers  caused  tremendous  pressure 
upon  the  sides  of  these  channels,  and  the  ice 
blocks  squeezing  through,  often  wrenched  the 
toughest  rocks  from  their  ledges  and  hurled 
them  upon  the  distant  plain.  Other  rocks  suf- 
fered the  loss  of  crowns  and  angles  and  remain 
to-day  as  domes  or  bosses  upon  the  flanks  of 
the  mountains,  notably  in  the  region  of  Yo- 
semite, where  they  may  be  counted  by  the  score, 
their  scratched  and  polished  surfaces  recording 
at  once  the  hight,  strength,  and  direction  of 
the  ice  currents. 

At  last  the  glacio-aqueous  epoch  was  ended. 
The  waters  were  gathered  into  their  future 
home,  the  ocean.  The  dry  land  appeared, 
strewn  with  debris  for  hundreds  and  thousands 
of  miles  on  each  side  of  the  mountain  chains, 
while  a  warm  atmosphere  crept  from  the  plains 
by  degrees  up  the  mountains,  clothing  them 
with  vegetation. 

Next  succeeded  the  wonderful  phenomena  of 
Glaciers. 

At  first  glaciers  were  developed  on  a  scale  so 
grand  as  to  be  scarcely  conceived  of  now. 
Their  work  is  denuding  mountain  ranges  and 
sharpening  domes  into  pinnacles,  as  did  their 
parent,  the  icy  sea,  but  they  toil  in  a  very  dif- 
ferent manner,  bIow  as  the  cycles  of  ages,  silent 


as  the  mold  of  the  tomb.  Their  power  is  equal 
to  the  destruction  of  the  highest  mountains  of 
the  globe,  and  to  the  furrowing  of  the  deepest 
Yosemites  of  the   plateaus. 

It  all  begins  with  the  Mers  de  Glace. 

These  masses  of  ice,  at  first,  stranded  upon 
plateaus,  afterward  formed  from  snow  falling  m 
favoring  localities,  are  fixed  to  the  earth,  in 
winter,  thoughout  their  extent,  by  freezing. 
Certain  points  of  greatest  cold  are  developed, 
coinciding  probably  with  the  lowest  places. 
At  these  points  the  rocks  are  clasped  firmly 
by  the  ice  and  form  a  fulcrum  for  dynamic 
movements,  which  will  be  examined  soon. 

First,  let  it  be  remembered  that  ice  expands 
when  forming,  about   one-ninth  of  its  volume. 

Second,  when  crushed  at  a  temperature  be- 
low 22°  it  re-congeals,  over  and  over  again. 

Third,  that  the  force  of  ice-expansion  is  one 
of  the  most  powerful  known,  utterly  irresist- 
ible. 

Now  from  the  point  of  greatest  cold  under  an 
ice-field,  this  fulcrum  firmly  clasped,  the  ice  ex- 
pands by  congealing,  thawing,  crushing  and  re- 
gelation,  and  pressed  in  every  direction, 
wrenching  off  and  taking  the  contiguous  rocks 
with  it,  and  rasping  them  upon  those  left  in 
the  matrix. 

The  result  is  a  spreading  outward  and  up- 
ward of  the  mass  of  ice  and  consequently  the 
excavating  of  the  crater-like  amphitheaters 
that  are  found,  some  of  them  now  empty,  on 
the  sides  of  the  mountains.  This  accounts  also, 
for  the  holes  along  the  glacier's  track,  once  ice- 
wombs  now  filled  with  water-forming. 
Glaciers  at  Work. 

The  upper  edge  of  this  powerful  excavator 
impinges  against  the  mountain,  undermining 
rocks  and  earth,  causing  them  to  fall  upon  its 
back,  to  he  carriedelowly  down  the  frozen  river, 
as  seen. 

When  glapiers  are  in  operation  on  both 
sides  of  a  mountain  rim,  they  remove  all  the 
material  between,  and  thus  isolated  peaks  are 
formed  at  the  side. 

The  greatest  amount  of  pressure  will  be  suc- 
cessful in  the  direction  of  least  resistance,  hence 
the  final  downward  flow  of  the  frozen  river. 
Glacier  Lakes. 

The  Modits  operandi  of  lake-forming  is  so  in- 
teresting that  a  few  words  of  detail  may  be 
apropos.  Anywhere  that  ice  forms  upon  a 
plateau  or  mountain  side,  the  work  of  excava- 
ting a  basin  may  commence,  so  soon  as  the  con- 
ditions are  favorable,  i,  e.,  frequent  thawings 
and  freezings,  which,  as  shown,  are  attended 
by  expansion,  crushing  of  ice  and  regelation, 
the  latter  of  course  attended  with  renewed  ex- 
pansion. The  fulcrum  or  fixed  point  would 
change  from  side  to  side  of  the  bottom  seeking 
the  lowest  place,  from  season  to  season,  or  rather 
from  age  to  age.  The  result  would  be  the 
scooping  out  of  a  crater  of  more  or  less  depth, 
stopped  only  by  the  condition  of  unchanged, 
low  temperature  reached  at  the  bottom,  gener- 
ally several  feet.  When  a  change  to  warmer 
temperature  occurs  (which  rise  will  soon  show 
is  sudden,  and  by  several  degrees  at  once),  the 
ice  is  melted,  and  the  ice-womb  or  fountain, 
becomes  a  deep  clear  glacier  lake,  or  often,  if 
in  loose  soil  easily  drained,  remains  empty. 

These  lakes  distributed  along  a  ravine,  show 
where  glaciers  had  their  origin,  or  where  por- 
tions of  a  flowing  stream  fastened  on  the  bot- 
tom, for  a  period,  and  proceeded  to  digging 
wells  upon  the  most  gigantic  scale,  and  with 
the  most  powerful  yet  simple  of  mechanical 
agents,  ice-expansion. 

The  warmth  of  the  atmosphere  in  a  distinct 
stratum  at  the  melting  limit,  causes  an  abrupt 
termination  of  the  glacier,  while  its  flow  being 
unhindered  in  the  center,  is  faster  there  and 
causes  the  outward  curve  to  its  front,  and  this 
rain-bow  curve  determines  the  shape  of  the 
moraine  of  rocks  dropped  from  its  brow,  added 
to  those  disgorged  from  its  mouth  below. 

The  regularity  of  form  of  the  glacier  bed  re- 
sults from  the  power  of  ice  to  remove  obstruc- 
tions, like  an  immense  furrowing  flow,  and  its 
graceful  curves  away  from  the  entering  tribu- 
tary glacier  shows  by  the  degree  of  deflection 
the  size  of  the  tributary — a  phenomenon  never 
exhibited  by  water  currents. 

Trains  of  rocks  often  seen,  longitudinally  dis- 
posed upon  a  glacier,  show  the  union  of  two  or 
more  such  tributaries.  Their  rocks  deposited 
upon  the  terminal  moraine  form  nodules  or 
heaps  in  the  latter.  When  left  in  situ  by  the 
sudden  melting  of  the  glacier,  they  form  medial 
moraines  ;  while  those  rocks  carried  outward 
to  the  side  of  the  glacier  form  the  third  kind, 
lateral  moraines. 

Terminal  moraines  being  found  deposited  at 
the  brow  of  every  precipice  in  the  glacier's 
course,  prove  that  the  heat  of  the  atmosphere 
has  increased  by  intervals  of  several  degrees  at 
a  time,  not  gradually — a  most  important  deduc- 
tion from  the  study  of  glaciers,  bearing  upon 
the  subject  of  climatology,  the  sudden  with- 
drawal and  introduction  of  different  species  of 
animals,  and  plants,  etc.  If  the  increase  of 
temperature  was  gradual  no  terminal  moraines 
of  immense  size  as  now  seen,  would  be  formed, 
but  the  rocks  would  be  scattered  along  the 
track  of  the  receding  glacier. 

The  few  rocks  found  on  the  back  of  a  glacier, 
its  very  slow  movement,  the  bottom  of  it  only 
moving  in  summer,  the  swiftest  recorded 
motion  being  a  Swiss  glacier  that  only  traveled 
4,400  feet  in  nine  years,  together  with  the 
often,  immense  hight  of  the  terminal  moraines, 
50  feet  or  more,  all  prove  the  necessity  of 
vast  periods  of  time  required  for  their  forma- 
tion. 

Finally  the  long,  deep,  glacier-carved  valleys, 


like  the  famous  Yosemite,  prove  the  prevalence 
of  glaciers  of  prodigous  size  and  power,  plow- 
ing the  plateaus  of  the  middle  region  of  the 
Sierra,  down  to  a  low  point  near  the  foothills, 
the  melting  line  being  met  at  their  mouths  at 
an  elevation  of  only  about  3,000  or  4,000  feet. 
Climate  Becoming*  Warmed. 

From  this  brief  study  of  glaciers  may  be  de- 
duced a  theory  of  the  positive  increase  of  the 
earth's  atmosphere  as  the  ages  have  rolled  by ; 
an  increase  which  has  advanced  the  melting 
point— 33DFah.—uptheSierra,7,000or8,000fee^ 
since  the  day  of  the  great  glaciers.  At  that 
period,  such  valleys  as  Sierra  and  its  sisters, 
now  decorating  the  flanks  of  the  Sierra  north 
and  south,  were  either  lakeB  imprisoned  with 
ice,  or  complete  ice-wombs,  the  source  of  gla- 
ciers whose  moraines  have  been  scattered  since 
by  floods  from  higher  basins  as  their  contents 
were  feed  ;  while  the  great  valley  of  California, 
and  the  great  basin  of  Nevada  were  cold,  fresh 
water  seas,  their  shores  barely  producing  Arctic 
willows  and  sages. 

At  present  the  warm  strata  of  air  are  found' 
high  up  the  mountains  melting  the  few,  short 
glaciers  away  nearly  to  their  founts.  When  an 
increase  occurs  that  shall  melt  them  and  the 
Mers  de  Glace  all  away,  and  there  remains  no 
more  perpetual  snow  and  ice  to  keep  springs  and 
rivers  alive  in  summer;  the  parched  plains  being 
mantled  by  a  torrid  substratum  of  moistureless 
air,  the  poor  inhabitants  of  earth,  if  living  by  the 
same  means  as  we  exist  now,  may  sigh  for  the 
return  of  the  almost  unknown  and  totally  un- 
appreciated boon — a  condition  of  climate  that 
admits  of  glaciers. 

Mines  and  "Works  of  Almaden  —  No.  18. 


FOURTH  PART. 

Administration  and  History  of  the  Mines 
and  Works. 

Translated  for  the  Press  from    "  Annales  des  Mines." 

I.    Administration. 

It  remains,  in  order  to  complete  this  descrip- 
tion of  the  actual  situation  of  the  mines  and 
works  of  Almaden,  to  explain  the  organization 
of  the  general  administration  of  the  establish- 
ment. 

The  technical  direction,  or,  as  they  say  in 
Spain,  facultative,  pertains,  under  the  control  of 
the  council  of  mines,  to  a  certain  number, 
actually  of  four  engineers  of  the  corps  of  mines* 
The  eldest  has  the  title  of  director  ;  of  the 
three  others,  one  has  charge  of  the  veins  San 
Francisco  and  San  Nicholas,  the  other  of  San 
Pedro  y  San  Diego  and  also  of  the  workmen, 
the  third  of  the  works,  and  at  the  same  time  the 
direction  of  the  school  of  master-miners  at 
Almaden. 

Each  engineer  has  under  his  orders  a  certain 
number  of  capataces  (master-miners).  Those  of 
the  mine  go  by  the  name  of  officiates  and  of  ayud- 
antes  de  mina.  They  are  submitted  to  a  rigor- 
ous hierarchy  ;  they  come  from  the  corps  of 
timbermen,  where  they  enter  after  three  years 
study  in  the  school  at  Almaden.  Those  of  the 
works  go  by  the  name  of  officiale-s  and  ayudantes 
de  dest'dlacion  ;  they  come  from  the  corps  of 
auxiliairies  de  destiUacion,  whose  duty  is  the 
preparation  of  the  charges  ;  the  corps  of  auxili- 
aires  is  taken  from  the  scholars  of  the  school  of 
master-miners  ;  as  the  watchmen  of  the  mine, 
they  are  alternatively  seven  days  on  duty  and 
seven  days  at  liberty. 

The  accounts,  regulated  on  the  same  model  as 
are  the  other  accounts  of  the  State,  are  confided 
to  an  interventor  principal  or  contador,  assisted 
by  a  certain  number  of  clerks.  A  cashier  has 
charge  of  the  money  vault. 

The  chief  superior  of  the  mines  has  the  name 
of  super  intendant ;  he  should  be  a  brigadier 
(that  is  to  say  a  brigadier  general)  of  the  artil- 
lery or  engineers.  He  is  supreme  judge  in 
technical  matters,  those  of  accounts,  or  of 
administration ;  his  authorization  is  always 
necessary ;  he  is  responsible  to  the  General 
Direction  of  the  Domain  ( Propriedades  y  Dere- 
chos),  which  Direction  is  itself  placed  under  the 
orders  of  the  Minister  of  Finance. 

The  oflice  of  superintendent  was  suppressed 
in  1871,  and  replaced  by  the  institution  of  a 
commissary  general  at  the  mines  of  Almaden. 
This  commissary  was  M.  Monasterio.  A  de- 
plorable riot  occasioned — on  July  4th,  1874 — the 
assassination  of  M.  Monasterio  and  that  of  M. 
Buceta,  engineer  of  the  mines;  after  these  tragic 
occurrences  the  office  of  superintendent  was  re- 
established October  20th,  1874.* 

The  services  of  the  mines  and  works  are  per- 
formed, some  under  contract,  others  under 
wages.  The  work  done  by  contract,  are,  in  the 
mines:  the  stoping,  the  building  of  the  masonry, 

yThe  4th  of  July,  1S74,  should  have  heen  the  time  of 
renewing'  the  contracts;  the  engineer,  D.  Isidro  Sebastian 
Buceta  presided  at  the  public  meeting'  for  awarding  the 
contracts,  when  he  was  suddenly  assailed  from  all  sides, 
and  quickly  beaten  to  death.  The  workmen  over-excited 
to  the  point  of  madness  ran  through  the  town  to  find  M. 
Monasterio,  who  was  not  able  to  escape,  and  was  massa- 
cred in  the  middle  of  the  town.  He  .pa.yed  with  his  life 
for  the  generous  efforts  which  he  had  made  for  the  im- 
provement of  the  mines,  of  which  he  had  the  chief  direc- 
tion. All  this  was  an  unfortunate  drama,  of  which  the 
true  causes  have  never  been  elucidated,  and  the  most 
guilty  authors  of  which  have  not  bceu  minished  for  want 
of  proof;  politics  were  uo  doubt  noteutirely  unconnected 
with  it,  and  it  is  to-day  believed  that  this  sad  riot  was 
fermented  by  certain  socialistic  agents,  similar  to  the  case 
of  Carthagenia.  After  these  events,  the  moBt  absolute 
authority  was  given  to  the  engineers  over  the  workmen, 
who  have,  nevertheless,  already  retaken  great  liberties. 


the  extraction  and  the  introduction,  the  trans- 
portation interior  and  exterior,  the  hand  pump- 
ing, the  production  of  steam  for  the  Watt  en- 
gine, the  repairing  of  tools,  the  purchase  of 
wood  for  timbering,  of  lime,  of  sand,  of  bricks, 
of  coal,  of  iron,  of  steel,  of  charooal,  of  lumber 
for  carpenters;  at  the  works:  the  manufacture 
of  aludels,  the  repairing  of  furnaces,  the  ex- 
traction of  slag,  the  furnishing  of  fuel  for  the 
furnaces,  the  purchase  of  frascos,  of  iron,  of 
sand,  and  of  bricks. 

The  timbering,  the  distribution  and  the  care 
of  tools,  the  charge  of  steam  engines,  the  work 
of  the  shops,  the  forge,  the  carpenter  shop  at  the 
mine;  the  charging  and  discharging  of  furnaces, 
the  roasting  of  ore,  the  luting  of  aludels,  and  of 
doors,  the  cleaning  of  the  chambers  and  aludels, 
the  washing  of  the  soot  or  cabezaB,  at  the  works, 
are,  on  the  contrary,  performed  by  contract. 

We  have  already  stated  by  what  means  the 
workmen  are  able  to  render  useless  the  guaran- 
ties which  the  awarding  of  the  work  by  public 
contract  would  seem  to  offer;  we  will  not  re- 
turn to  it. 

The  following  table  shows  the  total  number 
of  workmen  occupied  in  the  different  establish- 
ments during  these  last  years,  and  the  corre- 
sponding produotion.  The  figures  correspond 
each  to  a  oampaign;  the  campaign  begins  July 
1st  and  finishes  the  30th  of  June  following: 


-j  -.i  ~a  ~i  -i 

*■  Co  to  M  O 


_N>NN>_tOJ3 

HO*.  CO  "to 
w  ;■:,  j-  a  -^ 

WOHMS 


fJCO  CD*.  (O 


fc.  to  l"  ro  to 

CO  (5 -J  t>  CI 


en  to  tnosw 


w  w  ao  oi_w 


Production. 
Years.  Ore.  Mercury. 

1870-71 14,051.0  tons.  1,186.00  tons. 

1871-72 15,527.8     "  1,135.00     " 

1872-73 13,509.3     "  1,155.23     " 

1873-74 13.T14.4     "  970.10     " 

1874-75 19,182.0     "  1,264.00     " 

The  total  number  of  workmen  employed, 
compared  with  the  figures  showing  the  produc- 
tion, would  be  difficult  to  understand  if  we  did 
not  add  some  explanations.  There  is  no  one 
who  is  occupied  in  a  continuous  manner  at  any 
one  of  the  establishments  of  Almaden;  accord- 
ing to  the  kind  of  duty,  the  men  work  one  day 
out  of  two,  or  one  out  of  three,  or  even  less; 
the  rest  of  the  time  they  are  occupied  with  dif- 
ferent private  works.  This  situation  is  due  in 
part  to  a  desire  to  furnish  work  to  the  greatest 
possible  number  of  inhabitants;  but  it  has  a 
much  more  serious  cause  which  would  never 
permit  a  different  organization. 

It  is  known,  in  fact,  how  the  mercurial  ema- 
nations are  injurious  to  the  health  of  those  who 
are  exposed  to  them.  They  produce  first  ptyal- 
ism  (excessive  salivation),  loosening  of  the 
teeth,  ulceration  of  the  mouth;  then  penetrates 
little  by  little  the  entire  organism,  and  then 
give  rise  to  a  particular  trembling  which  a  long 
sojourn  at  the  establishment  of  Almaden  does 
not  allow  any  one  to  escape.  This  trembling 
is  accompanied  by  an  almost  complete  loss  of 
powers,  and  a  sad  weakening  of  the  intellect. 

The  intermittance  of  work  allows  them  to 
overcome,  at  least  partially,  this  mercurial  mal- " 
ady;  and  it  is  for  this  reason,  much  more  than 
as  a  consequence  of  the  ideas  of  inveterate 
socialists,  that  the  State  gives  employment  at 
Almaden  to  a  number  of  workmen  much  greater 
than  is  strictly  necessary  to  the  execution  of  the 
different  works. 

The  workmen  attacked  by  the  malady  have 
at  their  disposition  a  hospital  established  under 
excellent  conditions.  Those  whose  constitution 
has  been  strongly  attacked  by  the  malady  in 
consequence  of  a  long  sojourn  at  the  mines  or  at 
the  works,  can  obtain  the  concession  of  a  certain 
amount  of  land  to  cultivate  in  a  domain  of  7,000 
hectares,  sailed  the  domain  of  Castilseras, 
which  belongs  to  the  establishment  of  Almaden. 
This  domain  does  not  yield  anything,  or  scarcely 
anything,  and  the  expense  of  keeping  it  up  in- 
creases somewhat  the  cost  of  extracting  the 
mercury. 

The  financial  service  has  been  simplified 
somewhat  since  1870,  in  consequence  of  a  treaty 
concluded  between  the  treasurer  and  the  house 
of  Rothschilds. 

In  order  to  secure  and  re-imburse  a  loan  of 

Continued  on  page  38. 


January  18,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS 


35 


ECHANICAL 


ROGRESS. 


A  New  Direct  Process  for  Making 
Wrought-Iron  and  Steel. 

We  liave  already    maie    brief    reference  to 
some  important  experiment*  in  the  way  of  a 

new  process  for  making  vroughtdnm  aud  uteel 
direct  from  the  ore,  whico  have  recently  been 
made  under  the  direction  nf  Mr.  Charlee  M.  Dn 
Puy,  of  Philadelphia,  'his  process  \*  essenti- 
ally different  from  all  o  tners  heretofore  either 
employed  or  proposed.  A  full  description  of 
the  same,  with  practical  exults,  was  given  in  a 
paper  read  by  Mr.  I  Hi  Par,  before  the  meeting 
oj  the  Franklin  IuBtitute,on  the  20th  of  Nov- 
ember last.  Wo  regret  tint  we  have  room  for 
only  a  brief  synopsis  of  tlut  paper. 
This  Process  ponslets 
First,  in  mixing  and  griming  together  in  proper 
proportions  the  ore,  coal,  aid  fluxes.  The  ground 
mass  is  then  tilled  into  anntlar  sheet-iron  cases 
or  rings  without  top  or  blttom.  Any  desired 
number  of  these  cases,  acceding  to  the  capacity 
of  the  furnace,  are  then  pl^ed  therein  side  by 
side,  and  subjected  to  the  Gradually  increasing 
heat  of  a  reverberatory  furnace,  and  in  about  five 
hours  the  ores  and  their  containing  cases  settle 
down  and  become  weldedinto  quite  compact 
lumps  of  iron,  which  m£  be  removed  and 
wolded  together,  or  Bqueeed  aud  sorted  into 
11  muck-bar." 

It  will  be  seen  from  the  ,bove  that  this  pro- 
cess is  quite  the  reverse  (J  the  blast-furnace 
method.  In  that,  a  tuyere  onducts  a  stream  of 
oxygen  into  close  contact  tith  the  ore  in  the 
presence  of  a  high  heat;  whle  in  this,  oxygen  is 
excluded,  as  far  as  possibleUand  the  moderate 
heat— from  8003  to  1  .OOO3  Fan— pre  vents  the  com- 
bination of  phosphorus  witlime  iron.  The  work 
is  done  by  reflected  heat  frcn  the  furnace  roof. 
It  may  be  termed  a  baking,  hstead  of  a  smelting 
process. 

Experiments  -with  Ms  Process 
Have  been  made  at  the  Crehent  Steel  Works, 
at  Pittsburg,  Pa.,  and  alsojn  Heading.  Over 
50  experiments  were  made  i  the  latter  place 
during  the  month  of  Augut  last,  with  most 
satisfactory  results.  Variouikinds  of  ores  have 
been  worked — magnetic  orefrom  West  Point, 
ore  from  New  Jersey,  Cumprland  Valley  ore, 
hematite  ore  from  Newar,  besides  several 
others.  These  ores  were  workd  both  separately 
and  combined  ;  were  reducd  and  forged  to 
blooms,  and  the  blooms  related  and  drawn 
out  smoothly  under  the  hamier  or  rolls.  Sev- 
eral crucibles  of  steel  were  nule  from  the  iron 
and  forged  into  planing  tool  which  stood  all 
the  usual  tests. 

The  iron  produced  at  t\  Crescent  Steel 
Works  was  carefully  tested  ji  the  customary 
ways  to  determine  the  valuof  iron  for  high 
grades  of  steel.  The  result  sowed  that  it  was 
equal  to  the  most  costly  grad<  of  Swedish  iron. 
Various  fuels  were  employed  in  these  experi- 
ments, and  it  was  shown  thai  good  tool  steel 
could  be  made  from  iron  prodied  by  anthracite 
coal  dust! 

Further  Experir  mts. 

In  addition  to  ores,  experi  ents  were  made 
in  reducing  the  scale  from  rls — almost  pure 
oxide  of  iron — which  when  sjrsely  mixed  with 
ground,  ore  and  reduced  b;  anthracite  dust 
forged  readily  into  good  blooi .  The  refuse  of 
iron  pyrites,  from  which  the  lphur  had  been 
extracted  at  the  New  Jersey  hemical  Works, 
and  which  has  hitherto  beei  entirely  useless, 
was  also  treated  with  anthrite  dust,  forged 
into  blooms,  reheated,  piled  ^  th  one-third  its 
weight  of  common  muck-ba  and  plated  out 
well  into  smooth  sheets  of  N<  26  iron. 

Very  little  labor  is  requir;  in  the  process, 
while  the  expensive  fluxes,  s  h  as  soda,  man- 
ganese, etc.,  are  not  used  all.  A  proper 
mixture  of  aluminous  and  s  cious  ores  with 
lime,  to  produce  a  non-flowii  glassy  slag,  was 
all  that  was  required. 

The  Economy  of  th  Process. 
These  experiments  prove  at  good  steel  can 
be  produced  by  the  De  Puy  ocess  from  iron 
deoxidized  either  with  charct ,  anthracite-dust 
or  coke-dust.  Thus  the  ver  cheapest  of  fuels 
can  be  used.  It  should  also  ;  stated  that  all 
the  experiments  were  condu  id  with  ordinary 
furnaces,  and  such  as  we  not  specially 
adapted  to  the  work;  but  ra  :r  with  many  in- 
conveniences and  unsuitable  nditious. 

A  suitable  furnace  for  the  ork,  from  which 
half  a  ton  of  blooms  may  be  'oduced  every  24 
hours,  need  not  cost  in  Pitturg  over  §1,000. 
Only  a  little  lime  in  eombition  with  waste 
coal  slack — charcoal,  anthrite  or  coke — fur- 
nishes all  the  accessories  rmired.  The  most 
common   No.  26   iron  is   aljsufficient  for  the 


itiee,  as  in  Pennsylvania,  where  ores  can  be 
laid  down  for  $3  per  ton,  and  anthracite  fuel 
obtained  comparatively  low,  blooms,  nearly 
freed  from  phosphorus,  can  be  manufactured 
for  from  sis  to  s>o  per  ton,  equally  as  good  as 
those  now  producod  at  a  cost  of  $38  to 
ton. 

The  i-icta  given  above  appear  to  bo  put  forth 
on  the  highest  authority,  and  the  experimental 
haw-  been  conducted  on  a  working  scale,  and 
in  the  presence  of  numerous  practical  parties, 
well  qualified  to  judge  of  the  tacts.  Is  it  not 
possible  that  this  process  may  he  made  avail- 
able hen-  in  California  !  May  it  not,  with  per- 
haps an  iucreased  degree  of  heat,  and  superior 
fluxes  and  fuel,  bo  made  applicable  for  the  re- 
duction of  the  iron  sauds  which  are  fouud  in 
such  immense  quantities  along  the  shore  line  of 
this  State?  At  all  events,  if  the  foregoing 
facts  are  to  be  relied  upou,  thiB  process  must 
introduce  an  improvement  into  iron  and  steel 
making,  such  as  has  not  been  equalled  since 
the  introduction  of  the  Bessemer  process. 


Repairing  Boilers. 

The  following  hints  in  reference  to  repairing 
boilers  are  taken  from  the  American  Marl>iniM: 

It  is  commonly  noticed  in  boilers  that  have 
seams  of  rivets  exposed  to  the  action  of  the 
fire,  that  after  being  at  work  for  some  time, 
cracks  begin  to  appear,  running  from  the  rivets 
towards  the  center  of  the  plate.  The  cause  is. 
that  one  lap  being  covered  by  another,  prevents 
the  water  from  getting  to  the  one  nearest  the 
fire;  consequently  the  lap  nearest  the  fire  be- 
comes hotter,  and  expands  to  a  much  greater 
extent  than  any  other  part  of  the  plate,  and  its 
constant  unequal  expansion  and  contraction,  as 
the  boiler  beoomes  alternately  hot  aud  cold,  in- 
evitably results  in  a  crack.  These  cracks  may 
be  temporarily  repaired  by  drilling  a  hole  in 
the  bottom  or  extremity  of  them,  so  that  the 
crack  is  completely  drilled  out;  and,  as  a  rule, 
this  may  be  safely  done  if  the  crack  is  not  more 
than  three  inches  long,  but  if  of  greater  length, 
do  not  tamper  with  it  but  have  the  plate  out,  if 
possible. 

If  it  is  not  practicable  to  take  the  plate  out, 
cut  out  so  large  a  piece  that  the  seams  of  the 
patch  shall  be  as  far  from  the  fire  as  possible. 
Let  it  be  well  borne  in  mind  that,  in  addition 
to  the  two  laps  causing  unequal  expansion,  the 
sediment  or  scale  inside  the  boiler  obstinately 
sticks  in  between  the  rivet-heads  and  under  the 
edge  of  the  lap,  from  whence  it  is  seldom  or 
never  properly  removed  in  cleaning  the  boiler. 
After  drilling  out  the  end  of  the  crack,  counter- 
sink the  drilled  hole,  and  also  the  hole  in  the 
seam  above  it;  so  that  when  rivets  are  again 
put  in,  they  will  meet  each  other,  or  nearly  so. 
Let  the  heads  of  these  rivets  be  as  thin  as  pos- 
sible, so  as  not  again  to  retain  the  heat,  or  at- 
tract or  harbor  dirt. 

Sometimes  it  will  be  observed  that  a  crack  in 
the  seam  is  running  from  hole  to  hole  between 
the  rivets.  This  is  always  dangerous,  an,d  the 
cracked  plate  should  be  cut  out  and  replaced  by 
a  new  one  as  soon  as  possible.  In  putting 
patches  on  any  part  of  a  boiler,  never  cut  a 
hole  out  with  square  corners,  like  the  inside  of 
a  picture  frame;  but  cut  the  holes  which  are  to 
be  covered  with  a  patch,  round,  or  as  nearly 
circular  as  possible.  But  it  is  always  better 
"not  to  put  a  patch  on,'*  but  to  cut  out  the  de- 
fective plate  and  put  in  a  new  one,  thus  making 
the  boiler  as  nearly  as  possible  what  it  was  when 
new.  In  putting  a  new  plate  in  a  very  old 
boiler,  it  is  advisable  to  have  it  a  little  thinner 
than  the  old  plates  were  when  new,  say  one- 
sixteenth  of  an  inch.  In  putting  on  a  new  plate 
arrange  it,  if  possible,  so  that  the  caulking  shall 
be  done  on  the  new  iron;  but  never  place  the 
edge  of  the  laps  toward  the  fire,  unless  a  con- 
siderable distance  from  it. 


cases.     Two  men  in  10  hou 
power  engine,  will  grind   at 


with   a  15-horse 
mix  and  fill  the 


cases  for  seven  tons  of  blms.  The  furnace 
work  is  confined  to  chargj  and  discharging 
and  firing — there  being  no  cessity  for  manip- 
ulating the  metal  from  the  ne  it  is  charged  in 
the  furnace  until  it  is  brofht  to  the  hammer 
or  squeezer. 

It  is  claimed  as  proven  lithe  experiments 
several   hundred   of    whicj  have   been    made 
upon  a  working  scale — thajin  favorable  local 


New  Alleged  Discoveries  in   Petroleum. 

The"//  and  Drug  /«V/'orVr  has  been  shown 
specimens  of  what  were  claimed  to  be  saponi- 
fu  it  petroleum.  These  specimens  were  shown  in 
different  forms — as  emulsion,  paste  and  cake. 
"Upon  a  close  inspection,"  says  the  JReporier , 
"th.  y  appeared  to  be  perfect  specimens  of  sa- 
ponification, and  we  were  assured  that  no  oleag- 
inous matter,  except  petroleum  oil,  was  intro- 
duced in  their  composition.  These  seemed  to 
bo  a  practical  contradiction  of  the  theory  that 
petroleum  oil  cannot  be  saponified  in  the  very 
nature  of  things.  Such  has  been  our  impres- 
sion, not  from  actual  experiment,  but  based 
upon  the  statement  of  experts,  who  insist  that 
petroleum  can  be  rendered  miscible  only,  and 
we  know  that  it  has  been  tested  by  various 
parties  with  great  care  and  persistence.  We 
confess  our  incredulity  in  the  matter,  but  it  is 
not  safe  in  these  days  of  discovery  to  doubt  the 
solution  of  any  scientific  problem,  and  we  can 
only  say  that  we  hope  the  enthusiastic  author  of 
this  long-sought  consummation  is  not  deceiving 
himself.  They  are  claimed  to  be  applicable,  to 
the  purposes  of  scouring  and  finishing  in  textile 
manufactures;  to  domestic  and  toilet  articles, 
and  by  reason  of  their  antiseptic  and  healing 
properties,  to  medicinal  preparations.  But  this 
is  not  all.  We  are  assured  by  the  same  gentle- 
man that  he  had  eliminated  an  aniline  black 
from  petroleum,  which  was  at  once  dense,  bril- 
liant and  permanent;  air  and  exposure  to  light 
serving  to  intensify  and  make  it  more  firm. 
This,  too,  if  it  shall  be  assured,  will  prove  an- 
other great  achievement  in  industrial  art." 

In  connection  with  the  above,  Maj.  Henry 
Howell,  of  Sornia.  Canada,  claims  to  have  dis- 
covered a  new  process  of  refining  petroleum 
without  the  agency  of  heat.  A  sample  manu- 
factured from  American  petroleum  of  45  gravity 
is  stated  to  be  a  very  brilliant  and  white  oil  of 
4S  gravity  and  122  fire  test.  The  yield  from 
the  crude  was  93%.  But  the  most  extraordinary 
claim  for  this  process  is  not  merely  that  the 
means  used  are  entirely  mechanical,  bub  also 
that  there  is  no  production  of  gasoline  or  ben- 
zine, and  the  entire  product  is  standard  white 
illuminating  oil,  superior  to  the  oil  refined  under 
old  methods.  This  new  process,  if  what  is 
claimed  for  it  be  true,  is  just  precisely  what  the 
producers  have  been  looking  for.  But  how  the 
fighter  parts  of  crude  petroleum  can,  by  a  mere 
mechanical  process,  be  retained  so  as  to  stand  a 
fire  test  of  122°,  is  something  truly  wonderful, 
and  is  simply  equivalant  to  a  mechanical  de- 
composition of  a  chemical  compound. 

What  Science  has  Done  for  Productive 
Arts.  — When  gas  was  first  made  for  illu- 
minating purposes,  some  of  the  substances  pro- 
duced by  the  distillation  of  coal  and  the  purify- 
ing of  the  gas,  were  considered  unmitigated 
nuisances.  But  these  disagreeable  products 
did  not  escape  the  persevering  investigations  of 
the  chemists,  and  the  results  are  among  the 
wonderful  discoveries  of  science.  A  curious 
illustration  of  the  economical  value  of  the 
ammoniacal  liquor  is  given  in  the  report  of  the 
business  of  the  gas  works  at  Bradford,  in 
England.  For  10  years  a  contractor  paid  £800 
a  year  for  this  substance,  now  a  new  contract  has 
been  made  by  which  the  company  receives  £10,- 
359  per  annum  for  it.  Fifty  one  thousand  seven 
hundred  and  ninety  five  dollars  is  a  very  pretty 
sum  to  receive  for  on  article  formerly  regarded 
as  having  little  value.  The  brilliant  colors  pro- 
duced from  this  liquid  makes  its  great  value. — 
Paint  and  Drug  Reporter. 


Utilizing  the  Waste  Heat  of  Exhaust 
Steam  — Mr.  James  Atkinson,  recently  des- 
cribed before  the  American  Society  of  Engineers 
a  new  apparatus  for  utilizing  the  waste  heat  of 
exhaust  steam.  This  apparatus  consists  of  a 
number  of  straight  tubes  screwed  into  a  tube 
plate,  which  forms  the  base  of  an  inclosed  cylin- 
drical vessel  containing  the  tubes  and  the  water 
to  be  heated.  These  heating  tubes  are  closed  at 
their  upper  ends,  but  are  open  at  the  bottom  to 
the  exhaust  steam,  for  which  a  short  direct 
passage  is  provided.  Small  circulating  tubes 
draw  any  air  out  of  the  heating  tubeB  which 
would  prevent  them  being  filled  with  steam.  The 
latent  heat  of  a  portion  of  the  exhaust  steam  is 
transmitted  through  the  heating  tubes  -to  the 
feed-water  which  is  forced  through  the  heater, 
and  passes  into  the  boiler  at  a  temperature  of 
from  210°  to  212°.  It  is  claimed  that  this  heater 
is  perfectly  free  from  back  pressure  in  the 
engine. 


A  New  Feed  Pump. — A  pump,  which  seems 
to  have  been  working  for  almost  two  years  suc^ 
cessfully,  has  been  described  recently  by  Chiaz 
zari,  of  the  Alta  Italia  railway.  It  is  used  for 
feeding  locomotive  boilers  with  hot  water  heat 
ed  to  within  a  few  degrees  of  the  boiling 
point.  It  consists  in  bringing  the  feed-water, 
in  a  finely-divided  spray,  into  contact  with  a 
portion  of  the  exhaust  steam  during  its  pas> 
sage  through  the  feed-pump,  and  of  an  automatic 
arrangement  for  shutting  off  the  supply  from 
the  tender  the  moment  the  regulator  is  closed, 
thus  preventing  the  admission  of  cold  water  to 
the  boiler. 


The  Third  form  of  Carbon  in  Steel. — Mr. 
Henry  G.  Debrunner,  in  reply  to  Mr.  Blodgett 
Britton's  letter  on  the  third  form  of  carbon  in 
steel,  states  that  he  is  led  to  the  belief  that  the 
latter's  semi -graphitic  carbon  and  his  semi-com- 
bined form  of  that  element  are  not  identical. 
The  product  of  the  action  of  nitric  acid  (1.2  sp. 
gr. )  on  an  iron  carbide  containing  what  he  has 
called  the  semi-combined  modification  of  car- 
bon, is  a  black  powder,  which  in  no  other  but 
the  mere  physical  quality  of  color  resembles 
graphite,  while  its  entire  chemical  character  is 
similar  to  that  of  combined  carbon.  It  dis- 
solves in  nitric  acid  on  heating,  and  causes  steel 
to  harden  on  being  dipped  at  red  heat  in  water, 
exactly  like  combined  carbon,  from  which  it 
only  differs  by  the  physical  habitus  of  its  prod- 
ucts on  solution  of  steel  in  cold  nitric  acid. 


The  Mound  Builders'  Unit   of   Measure 

Mr.  J.  W.  Mdiill,  who  has  been  making  a 
critical  .study  of  the  artificial  mounds  of  north- 
eastern Iowa  and  contiguous  parts  of  Wisconsin 
and  Minnesota,  finds  considerable  evidence  of 
the  employment  of  a  unit  of  measurement  in 
their  erection,  the  possession  of  which  would 
prove  the  mound  builders  to  be  tolerably 
advanced  toward  civilization  when  they  entered 
the  country.  In  the  American  Journal 
ena  and  Artax  for  October,  Mr.  McGiU  gi 
large  number  of  measurements  made  by  him  in 
one  of  the  most  extrusive  systems  of  mounds  in 
northeastern  Iowa,  and  arrives  at  the  conviction 
that  the  linear  unit  employed  by  the  builders 
was  simply,  or  had  grown  out  of,  the  pace  or 
yard. 

The  northern  limit  of  the  mounds  of  definite 
dimensions  is  not  certainly  known.  Mr.  Mc- 
GiU has  sought  vainly  for  evidence  of  the  use 
of  measurements  in  the  most  northerly  of  the 
mounds.  His  own  examinations  so  far  extend 
only  to  latitude  43°  30'  N.,  and  there  the 
mounds  are  of  constant  or  related  dimensions. 
The  most  northerly  of  the  measured  mounds  are 
undoubtedly  within  Minnesota. 

In  conclusion  Mr.  McOill  observes  that  if  we 
assume  a  slow  southerly  migration  to  have  taken 
place  in  the  mound  builders,  it  wiU  explain  the 
evident  increase  in  geometrical  knowledge  at- 
tested by  the  various  works  found  in  passing 
across  the  United  States  from  north  to  south. 
In  the  Northwest  we  find  measurements  of 
simple  lines,  but  not  of  angles  or  areas.  In 
Ohio,  angles  were  correctly  measured,  the 
squares  being  accurate  squares  and  the  circles 
perfect  circles ;  and  areas  were  measured,  as 
attested  by  adjoining  squares  and  circles  being 
equal  or  very  nearly  equal  in  area,  though  there 
is  no  satisfactory  evidence  that  the  cardinal 
points  were  known.  In  the  lowper  Mississippi 
regions  the  cardinal  points  were  known.  The 
gradual  modifications  in  the  various  arms  and 
implements,  and  the  striking  improvements  in 
pottery,  together  with  many  other  important 
considerations,  lend  support  to  this  view. 


Solubility  of  Phosphorus  in  Acetic  Acid* 
— G.  Vulpius  reports  that,  by  digesting  phos- 
phorous for  some  time  in  concentrated  acetic 
acid  at  a  moderate  heat,  about  1- 100th  of  the 
weight  of  the  latter  is  dissolved  and  kept  in 
solution  on  cooling.  If  only  a  few  drops  of 
water  are  added,  however,  the  solution  becomes 
milky  from  deposited  phosphorus,  and  when 
the  addition  reaches  the  volume  of  the  solution 
used,  no  phosphorus  at  all  will  be  retained  in 
solution. — Archiv  de  Phar. 


Science  in  Nature. — "Everything,"  says 
Hugh  Miller,  "is  writing  nature's  history,  from 
pebble  to  planet.  The  scratches  of  the  rolling 
rock,  the  channels  of  the  rivers,  the  falling 
rain,  the  buried  fern,  the  footprint  in  the  snow, 
and  every  act  of  man,  inscribes  the  map  of  her 
march.  The  air  is  full  of  sounds,  the  sky  is 
full  of  memoranda  and  signatures  which  are 
more  or  less  legible  to  every  intelligent  human 
being." 


Peculiar  Behavior  of  Cast  Iron. 

A  peculiar  phenomenon  has  been  repeatedly 
noticed  with  cast  iron  long  submerged  in  the 
sea.  A  gray,  spongy,  light  mass  is  formed, 
which  in  several  cases  when  brought  to  the  sur- 
face ignited  spontaneously.  Thus,  for  instance, 
cast-iron  cannon  raised  after  50  years  from  a 
man-of-war  sunk  near  Cariscrona,  were  reduced 
one-third  to  the  mass  described  above.  After 
being  exposed  to  the  air  for  about  15  minutes 
the  cannon  became  so  hot  that  they  could  not 
be  touched,  and  the  water  with  which  they 
were  moistened  waB  converted  into«team.  Dur- 
ing a  naval  battle  between  the  French  and  the 
English  in  the  year  1545,  an  English  vessel  was 
sunk  off  Portsmouth.  Three  hundred  years 
afterward  the  bronze  ordnance  of  the  man-of- 
war  were  raised  by  divers.  In  one  of  them 
there  was  a  cast-iron  baU,  which,  as  soon  as  it 
came  into  contact  with  the  air,  was  heated 
almost  to  redness,  and  then  fell  to  pieces,  which 
weighed  together  only  19  pounds,  white  to  judge 
from  its  diameter  the  ball  must  have  weighed 
originaUy  about  30  pounds.  Modern  chemical 
science  would  find  it  easy  to  trace  the  causes  of 
this  phenomenon,  while  a  100  years  ago  some- 
what violent  assumptions  were  deemed  neces- 
sary to  account  for  it.  Thus  a  ship's  physician 
has  placed  the  following  explanation  on  record  : 
"It  is  probable  that  the  cannon  were  sunk  in 
the  heat  of  battle,  and  therefore  had  not  suf- 
ficient time  to  cool  off."  Thus  the  heat  must 
have  remained  in  suspense  for  along  time,  which 
may  account  for  itB  promptness  in  making  itself 
manifest  upon  return  to  the  outer  world. 

The  Microscopical  Structure  of  Spiegel- 
eisen. — An  interesting  inquiry  into  the  micro- 
scopic structure  of  speigeleisen,  by  Herr  Mar- 
tens, appears  in  the  November  number  of  the 
Zeitsch,  des  Ver.  Dent.  Ing.  He  states  that 
apiegeleisen  consists  of  a  mechanical  mixture  of 
the  chemical  combination  between  iron  and 
carbon,  and  of  iron  without  chemically  com- 
bined carbon;  and  he  finds  that  the  two  con- 
stituents of  this  mixture  are  placed  together 
regularly,  and  according  to  determinable  laws, 
the  former  constituent  crystalling  after  the 
rhombic  system,  the  latter  after  the  quadratic 
system.  The  individual  constituents  assume 
the  tempering  colors  at  different  rates,  and  so 
they  can  be  sharply  and  distinctly  recognized  in 
grindings. . 

New  Mode  of  Determining  Molecular 
Weight. — In  the  course  of  some  recent  experi- 
ments Mr.  Naumann  has  discovered  indications 
of  a  new  method  of  determination  of  molecular 
weight,  which  is  specially  applicable  to  sub- 
stances which,  in  the  pure  state,  are  not  volatile 
without  decomposition.  In  studying  the  dis- 
tillation of  liquids,  which  cannot  be  mixed  with 
water,  by  a  current  of  aqueous  vapor  at  con- 
stant boiling  temperature,  he  has  found  that 
the  quantities  of  two  liquids  passes  in  distilla- 
tion and  estimated  in  molecular  weights,  are  in 
the  same  ratio  to  each  other  as  the  tensions  of 
vapor  of  these  liquids  measured  at  the  constant 
temperature  at  which  distiUation  is  effected. 

A  New  Mode  of  Obtaining  Hydrogen. — 
Fire  is  generally  used  for  producing  hydrogen 
on  a  large  scale;  but  recently  a  new  method  has 
been  suggested  by  Dr.  Kollman  of  the  Berlin 
School  of  Mines.  He  states  that  the  gas  can  be 
easily  produced  and  at  a  lower  price  from  ferro- 
manganese  by  treating  it  with  sulphuric  acid. 


36 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[January  18,  1879. 


Table  of  Highest  and  Lowest  Sales  in 
S.  F.  Stock  Exchange. 


Name  of 

Company. 


Alpha 

Alta 

Andes 

Alps 

Argenta 

Atlantic 

Aurora  Tunnel. . . . 

Baltimore  Con 

Belcher 

Belmont 

Beat  &  Belcher 

Bullion 

Bechtel 

Belle  Isle 

Bodie 

Benton 

Bulwer 

Boyle 

Black  Hawk 

Belvidere 

Booker 

Caledonia 

California 

Challenge 

Ohollar-Potosi 

Comanche 

Confidence 

Con  Imperial 

Con  Virginia 

Crown  Point 

Con  Washoe 

Champion 

Concordia 

Dayton 

DeFrees 

Daney 

Day 

Eureka  Con 

Exchequer 

Endowment 

Gen  Thomas 

Grand  Prize 

Gila 

Golden  Chariot. . . . 

Golden  Terra. 

Goodshaw 

Gould&Curry 

Hale  &  Norcross. . . 

Hillside 

Highbridge 

Homestake 

Hussey 

Independence 

Julia 

Justice 

Jackson 

Joe  Scates 

KKCon 

Kentuck 

Kossuth 

Keystone 

Lady  Bryan 

Lady  Wash 

Leopard 

Leviathan 

Leeds 

Lee 

May  Belle 

Modoc 

Manhattan 

Martin  White 

McClinton 

Meadow  Valley 

Mexican 

Mides 

Morning  Star. 

North  Con  Virginia 

New  York 

Northern  Belle 

New  Cobo 

Navajo 

Occidental.. 

Ophir 

Oriental 

Overman 

Panther 

Phenix 

Phil  Sheridan 

Prospect  

Raymond  &  Ely 

Richer 

Rock  Island 

Rye  Patch 

Rough  &  Ready 

Savage 

Seg  Belcher 

Sierra  Nevada 

Silver  Hill 

Silver  King 

Silver  Prize  

Succor 

Summit 

Scorpion , 

Solid  Silver 

South  Bodie , 

South  Standard 

Star 

St.  Louis , 

Syndicate , 

Tioga  Con  

Tiptop 

Trojan 

Union  Con 

Utah 

Vermont  Con 

Ward 

Wells-Fargo 

Woodville 

White  Cloud 

Yellow  Jacket 


25c 
33i 
4.40 
40c 


Week  Week  Week  i  Week 
I,ih1  in K  i;mliii£  Ending  Ending 
Dec  2ti.  Jan.  £.  Jan.  it.  Jan.  16. 


"8 

'3J    2.70 


3.90 
30c 
18 

55 

7CIC 
20c 
12 


3J3.80 
10c  60c 
17!  181 
4  5j 
-  70c 
20c 
8 
31 
15 


50c 


5J 
40c 

I 

21 

2.40 


30c 
1} 

■2.M 
31 


40c 
1.15 
1.15 

50c 

30c 
50c 


3J 
10c 
17 

4.65 
50c 
15c 
7f 

a 

Hi' 


50c 
50c 

2J 
9i 

1.60 

3S.1. 


70c 

7i 

3.45 


4.40 
35c 


84      n 


5* 

40c 
US 
14J 
2.10 


30c 
1.10 
4.15 

4! 


I! 

1.40 


lOJ!  12J  Hi 
5  18  6j 
50c 


.65    2.601.35      50c 


1.40 
4.30 
60c 
18J 
7 

60c 
76c 
9 
3! 


Hi  2 

1.80  4.90 

....!  60c 

•a  11 

50c!  60c 


7j|    9J       SI 
4j    3.20 
10     15       14 


45c 

2,46 
10; 

u 
m 


60c  50c 

60c  .... 

40c  .... 

1.20  24 

11*  9j 

2.95  2.40 
441 


25c     .... 

%  i 

35c      30c 


35c  30c 

161  10J 

20  144 

2.10  .... 

2.05  li 


15c  15c  .... 

1.0511.30  1.05 

313.90  3.40 

3.90     4}  3.90 

7j     75  .... 


3.95 
20c 


75c     55c 
..30    1.20 


55e     50c 
1.10       1 


10; 


3  2i 

7i  5J 

75c  65c 

81  7J 

20c  .... 

45c  35c 

1  30c 

36i  31 

70c  50c 


50c     40c 
'8}    "j 


16  131 
21  20 
56       42 

1}  1.55 

50c  *20c 

21  1.60 

1.60      55c 

1.80     50c 

'ioc  '.'..'. 

50c  .... 

70c      30c 


1.60 
1.20 

50c 

63 

22 


70c  75c  65c 
15c  20c  .... 
....50c     20c 


141     131   161      13J.  20'     '161 


Sales  at  S.  F.  Stock  Exchange. 


Friday  A.  M„  .1. 

340  Alta 

90  Alpha 

460  Beat  &  Belcher 

1515  Bullion 

60  Belcher 

555  Benton 

50  Baltimore  Con. . . 
1725  Con  Virginia. . . 

650  California 

20  Chollar 

1135  Crown  Point. .  .3 
1595  Con  Imperial.. 

175  Caledonia 

710  Confidence 

1020  Challenge 2 

995  Exchequer 

175  Flowery 

520  Gould  &  Curry. . 
45  Hale&Nor 

340  Justice 

515  Julia 

315  Kentuck 

400  Kossuth...-. 

50  Lady  Wash 

600  Lady  Bryan 

300  Leviathan 

100  Morning  Star. . . 

130  Mexican 

390  North  Con  Vir. 

350  N  Bonanza 

50  New  York 

120  Overman 

225  Ophir 

250  Phil  Sheridan.. 

150  St  Louis 

125  Sierra  Nevada. . 

640  Savage 

290  Silver  Hill 1 

2140  Solid  Silver 

50  Succor 

1950  Trojan 

540  Union  Con.... 

130  Utah 

150  Wells-Fargo 

1110  Yellow  Jacket... 


n.  10. 

.-■6:;'t<7 

llj 

.I'J.'jSJo 
■-■63*7 

4| 

i.'j.»3.20 
.lj 


..71*7 

1U!<"HI.' 

«; 

33(«3.95 
,S5ici.75e 

.?;>"2.3'.l 

..14IOS12.'. 
,20<'2.4:i 
....43*5 

15c 

..HJiitUl 
141.7  14, 
..4.10*4 
.3.40*3.'. 
....5OT4J 

20c 

1.20 


.50c 
3 

....29; 


3i;.".;i 

40c 

70c 

.  .42*13 

131*13; 

5.","  1.60 
.50*S0c 

25c 

50c 

.57C3>56| 

.'.'.'.'.'20c 
1GJ@17! 


AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

1090  Argenta 1.30@14 

125  Alhion i 

100  Bechtel 60@50c 

195  Bodie 9(3)91 

120  Belmont 160C 

50  Bulwer J5 

120  Booker 40c 

100  Black  Hawk '50c 

750  Belle  Isle 20c 

175  C  Pacific 1.80(^12 

™V,lMe! 75®«5' 

200  Day  25c 

175  Eureka  Con 30J@31 

500  Endowment 35c 

300  Goodshaw "35c 

1705  Grand  Prize 51(354 

600  Golden  Terra....;!.  ..  5 
150  Hussey i5c 

1050  Highbridge 2@2.05 

580  Independence  .1.05(d>l  10 

30  Manhattan .',  41 

580  Mono 21(31$ 

130  Martin  White 4 

305  Modoc "hop 

120  NewCoHo.... 

320  Navajo 

125  Northern  Belle. 

330  Oriental 65@70c 

1000  Paradise „..3 

150  Raymond  &  Ely...        71 

200  SStandard 10c 

50  Summit {  60 

200  Tioga  Con llfaiUo 

Saturday  A.M.,  Jan.  II. 

370  Alpha 135 

300  Alta 7@6? 

50  Andes 5QC 

75  Albion 1 

2230  Argenta 1.35 

250  Belmont 60@70c 

900  Best  &,  Belcher... 22io22i 

260  Bullion „  7J 

680  Belcher 4.80(ffi4.90 

370  Bodie 9i@9i 

500  Baltimore  Con... 1.60(c«H 
630  Benton - ,.4 


20c 

.45@40c 


25  Bulwer 15 

100  Belvidere 60c 

500  Champion 40c 

845  Con  Virginia 7g@7f 

630  California 10jj@l0J 

885  Confidence 14g@15 

35  Chollar 46@45i 

655  CrownPoint 4.30@5 

640  Con  Imperial 95@90c 

345  Challenge 2.80@2.90 

1210  Caledonia 3@3J 

900  Dudley 75@70c 

955  Exchequer 54(35} 

160  Eureka  Con 30J<331 

300  Flowery 25c 

1245  Gould&Curry...:"" 

1265  Grand  Prize 4£05 

20  Gila 15c 

200  GoodBhaw 

95  H&Norcross 14£@15 

600  Highbridge 2.05 

75  Hillside 2.10 

5S5  Justice 4(34.10 

850  Julia 3J@3.40 

50  Jackson 7i 

195  Kentuck 5@5j 

150  L  Bryan 65(«60c 

450  Leviathan 55(ja50c 

220  Lady  Wash...  .1.10@1. 55 

260  Mexican 30i@31 

160  Morning  Star 3@2: 

500  Meadow  Valley 20i 

50  Manhattan < 

50  Mono 2 

100  Modoc , 

50  McClinton 35c 

100  New  York 70c 

170  NConVir "" 

1280  N  Bonanza.... 1.! 
20  Northern  Belle.... 

400  Navajo 

165  Ophir 32i332J 

225  Overman 10J@11 

100  Occidental 1 

650  Ori  :ntal .60c 

1610  Paradise 3,  " 

100  Raymond  &  E 7* 

1070  Savage 13*@13i 

80  Succor 20@25c 

215  Sierra  Nevada. . .  .43J@44 
825  Silver  Hill 1.70C»1." 

1520  Solid  Silver 80@75c 

50  Star 50c 

150  Summit 1.65 

100  South  Standard 10c 

160  Tioga  Con U@U 

1410  Trojan 50c 

130  Union  Con 57i(358J 

300  Utah 14£@15 

100  University 1 

1935  Ward 70c 

200  Wells-Fargo 20c 

2220  Yellow  Jacket. . .  .19i@20 

.Holiday  A.M..  Jan.  13. 

650  Alta 

170  Alpha 12: 

1440  Best  &  Belcher.... 2!  _ 

400  Baltimore  Con lj(&2 

125  Belcher 4J@4.65 

890  Bullion 7J@78 

140  Benton 4j@4i 

630  California 114 

470  Con  Virginia 7B@7£ 

490  Crown  Point 5]|@5i 

1290  Con  Imperial 90@35c 

100  Con  Washoe 2.10 

65  Chollar 45i 

440  Challenge 2i@2i 

465  Caledonia 3.15(^3.05 

365  Confidence 131@13J 

840  Exchequer. 5J(35 

100  Flowery 40< 

1900  Gould  &  Curry. .  .13|@i3i 

200  Hale  &  Nor 14j@15 

705  Justice 4.1(K<e3.90 

500  Julia 3i(33.40 

485  Kentuck 5@5J 

590  Lady  Bryan 55@60c 

650  Leviathan 55(a?60c 

565  Lady  Wash 1.20 

910  Mexican 304 

100  Morning  Star 3 

110  North  Con  Vir 6<§<5J 

750  N  Bonanza lj(31.60 

400  New  York. 70c 

155  Ophir 32&332J 

615  Overman 105(311 

50  Occidental 1 

1300  Phil  Sheridan 45@50c 

2000  Solid  Silver 80@75c 

475  Savage 13J 

475  Sierra  Nevada 45@443 

630  Silver  Hill 1.60(^1.70 


..50c 

45c 

50c 

.  .l.^lt, 
.58;ii57i 


.  .65070c 
20c 

..IS!"  IS', 


100  St  Louis 

350  Succor 

50  Trojan 

100  Utah 

105  Union  Con 

100  Wells  Fargo... 

850  Ward 

100  Woodville 

1185  Yellow  Jacket. 

AFTERNOON  SESBION 

240  Argenta 1.20(01} 

350  Belmont 60c 

550  Bodie 8J@9 

380  Booker 35c 

25  CPacific 1.80 

1000  Chieftain 10c 

L00  Day 25c 

1330  Eureka  Con 301(326! 

100  Endowment 30c 

1685  Grand  Prize 5(34.95 

340  Goodshaw 35@30c 

400  Hamburg 1}(31£ 

300  Highbridge 2.05@2 

370  Independence..l.l0@1.15 

2o  Leeds 1.10 

130  Manhattan. 

30  Mono 2.20 

110  Modoc 50c 

500  McClinton... 40c 

260  Martin  White..,. 

435  Northern  Belle 8@8} 

380  Navajo 40c 

470  Oriental 60c 

515  Paradise. 

300  Richer 75c 

130  Tiptop.... 

2000  Tuscarora 5c 

480  Tioga  Con 1.60@U 

Tuesday  A.M.,  Jan.  14l 

125  Alpha 123(312} 

215  Alta B/»7i 

300  Baltimore  Con. . . 

1460  Best  &  Belcher. .  .^„u,    , 
240  Belcher 43@4.65 

1450  Bullion 81(38 

230  California 103@10S 

370  Caledonia 3.20@3i 

535  Con  Virginia 8@8J 

1205  Con  Imperial 90(385c 

70  Chollar „  4rf 

905  Crown  Point 5J@5J 


480  Confidence 13@12? 

1235  Challenge 24@2j 

1080  Exchequer. 5f@5J 

1805  Gould  &  Curry. . .  .15(316* 

615  H&Norcross 15J 

480  Justice 4}@4.35 

1500  Julia 34@3.55 

275  Kentuck. 4,95(a4.85 

900  Lady  Bryan 70(360c 

520  Lady  Wash 1.20@11 

740  Mexican 324.(3322 

425  Ophir 34j@34 

935  Overman 11}'3U2 

2450  Phil  Sheridan  . . .  .40@45c* 
830  Sierra  Nevada... .534(356 

445  Savage 13J@14g 

10  Seg  Belcher 20 

825  Silver  Hill H 

300  Succor. 50c 

470  Utah 20@21 

675  Union  Con 60i@63 

310  Woodville 20(325c 

700  Yellow  Jacket 19} 

A.FTEKNUOM  SESSION. 

50  Andes 5Cc 

180  Argenta 1.05(31 

25  Bulwer. 14 

210  Bodie 8i 

150  Booker 40c 

130  Belmont 50c 

1300  Benton 4J(34.9Q 

200  Champion 10c 

140  CPacific 1.70(31.80 

600  Dudley 1 

100  Day 25c 

50  Endowment 35c 

570  Eureka  Con 27£@27} 

700  Flowery 40@50c 

910  Grand  Prize 44 

65  Hamburg 1} 

420  Highbridge.... 1.90@2. 05 

125  Hillside 2i 

300  Independence.. 1.15(31. 20 

225  Leeds 1 

300  Leviathan 55@50c 

170  Mono 2 

40  Manhattan 4@3.90 

120  Morning  Star 3} 

1910  N  Bonanza lg@1.7U 

475  North  Con  Vir 6}(37 

145  Northern  Belle 8 

250  Navajo 40@35c 

730  Oriental. 55c 

650  Paradise 2J@2S 

510  Raymond  &  Ely 8@7 

100  Sitting  Bull 40c 

850  Summit 1J@2 

50  Star 50c 

2130  Solid  Silver 8C@90o 

250  St  Louis 30c 

200  S  Sierra  Nevada 5c 

100  Scorpion 55c 

700  Trojan 60®50c 

2250  Tuscarora 5@10c 

50  Tiptop 1.20 

440  Tioga  Con 1}®U 

500  University 1 

1350  Wells-Fargo 20c 

1080  Ward 70c 

Wed'sduy  A.M.,  Jan.  lb. 

290  Alpha 124.@12! 

595  Alta 8(372 

1010  B&B 244@24 

1620  Bullion 8J@8} 

1215  Belcher 4J(*4.60 

350  Baltimore  Con 2 

90  Chollar 52@51 

1245  Con  Virginia 84@8S 

225  California :....llj 

850  Crown  Point 53 

540  Caledonia 3}@3.10 

*)60  Con  Imperial 95c(31 

645  Confidence 14(3134. 

855  Challenge 2J@2.95 

200  Dardanelles 1.30 

1395  Exchequer 53(354. 

2180  Gould  &.  Curry. . . ,  16i@16 

1725  Hale  &  Nor 18(320 

825  Justice 4j@4 j 

2660  Julia 3.85(33.80 

870  Kentuck 5}@5g 

410  Lady  Bryan 75(365c 

630  Mexican 34(3334 

400  New  York 70(375c 

1190  Overman 12}(glli 

645  Ophir 35@3«i 

470  Succor 30@35c 

940  Savage 15(^154 

445  S  Nevada 56^55 

790  Silver  Hill 13@1.65 

10  Seg  Belcher 21 

530  Utah 22(321 

465  Union 62@63 

1800  Yellow  Jacket. . .  .195@20 

AFTERNOON  SESBION. 

S25  Argenta 506680c 

345  Albion.... 
20  Andes 


20c:  305  Benton. 


..50(360c 

55c 

.  .42(34.65 
50c 


...20c 
...40c 

..s;;<;o 

,.60c 


300  Belmont 

160  Bulwer 

500  BeUe  Isle  . . 

200  Booker 

270  Bodie 

50  Black  Hawk. 

30  CPacific 1 

1140  Dudley 101.05 

275  Day 25c 

475  Eureka  Con 282(328} 

280  Flowery 50c 

2025  Grand  Prize 4}@4 

110  Goodshaw 30c 

120  Hillside 2}<32 

1400  Highbridge lj(31.90 

1370  Independence  .1.2001.30 

100  Leeds 1.05 

90  Lady  Wash l}@lj 

670  Leviathan 50c 

200  Modoc 50c 

300  Manhattan 3.35(33.45 

110  McClinton 25(340c 

110  Mono 2}@2.15 

150  Morning  Star 3} 

130  N  Con  Virginia. . .  .72(373 

820  NBonanza 120L65 

55  Northern  Belle 73@8 

850  Navajo 40@35c 

350  Oriental 50c 

1260  Paradise 2.60@2j 

1005  Phil  Sheridan 50@40c 

10  Raymond  &  Ely 81 

300  Summit 202} 

175  Star 50c 

300  Sitting  Bull 45c 

2750  Solid  SUver. 95080c 

975  Scorpion 1.60014. 

150  Tuscarora 5c 

700  Tioga  Con 14 

100  Tiptop 1.15 

850  Trojan 50c 

50  University 1 

50  Woodville 30c 

700  Wells-Fargo 


20c 

1410  Ward 75030c 

SALES  OF   LAST  WEEK  AND  THIS  COMPARED 

1!fc,,!?*lay  A"  M-<  Jnn-  9*  Thursday  A.  M„  Jan.  16. 

205  Alpha. lL'liniL". 

1105  Alta 


405  Alta 5405S 

220  Alpha l20iU 

985  Best&  Belcher.. 204021' 
1535  Bullion... 

350  Belcher... 

400  Benton 

1275  Caledonia 

860  Con  Imperial., 

285  California 

835  Challenge 

1285  Con  Virginia. . . 

160  Confidence 
90  Chollar  .... 

240  Crown  Point. 

300  Dardenelles. . . , 
1105  Exchequer 

400  Flowery 

1225  Gould  &  Curry 

485  Hale  &  Nor.... 

245  Justice 

1595  Julia 

275  Kentuck 

515  Lady  Wash. 

320  L  Bryan 75070c 

650  Leviathan 60@65c 


....7}07| 
.4.1004.15 
...3303.90 

..2302.60 
...85080c 

..1O101OF 

...i-.9o@: 

.-..84081 
...9301OJ 

45 

3.80<n'3.y0 

1.15 

5051 

...50@40o 

...'.110113 

141 

..4.1504} 

-.34.03.70 

i.'.i.': 


100  Andes 60c 

395  Best&  Belcher.. ,22}022i 


700  Belcher.. 

905  Bullion 

205  Benton  

700  Baltimore  Con 

755  California 

650  Con  Virginia. . 
690  Crown  Point. 

80  Chollar 

4010  Con  Imperial. 

230  Confidence 

780  Caledonia 

675  Challenge 

700  Exchequer.... 
10  Flowery 


4304 

....SJ@8j| 
..4.10041 
....1>2J 
....9|@9S 

7308 

....5i@53 
....49(350 
...900956 
- . .  135014 
3.0"w"^.10 
..2i(r.2.S0 
. . .  .58@5} 
..50c 


^n  £0Ul<\  l\TCurrv  ■  •  •  ■  15(3i51 

440  Hale  &  Nor 174018 

olO  Justice 4.3504  45 

1700  Julia 3.7003.80 

655  Kentuck 53 

120  Lady  Wash 1}@;L30 

410  Lady  Bryan 70c 


MINING  SHAKEHOLDEKS'  DIBEOTORY. 

Compiled  every  Thursday  from  Advertisements  in  Mining  and. Scientific  Press  and  other  S.  F.  Journals. 
ASSESSMENTS-STOCKS  ON  THE  LISTS  OF  THE  BOARDS. 

Place  of  Business 


Company. 

Alta  S  M  Co 
Aurora  T  &  M  Co 
Belmont  M  Co 
Belvidere  M  Co 
Benton  Con  M  Co 
Best  &  Belcher  M  Co 
B'llh'on  M  Co 
Crown  Point  G  &  S  M  Co 
Endowment  M  Co 
Equitable  T  &  M  Co 
Hale  &  Norcross  S  M  Co 
Justice  M  Co 
K  K  Consolidated 
Leopard  M  Co 
Lady  Bryan  M  Co 
Martin  White  M  Co 
McCrackin  Con  M  Co 
Mono  M  Co 
North  Bonanza  M  Co 
North  Con  Virginia  M  Co 
Panther  M  Co 
Resolute  T  &  M  Co 
Savage  M  Co 
Scorpion  S  M  Co 
Silver  Hill  M  Co 
Succor  M  &  M  Co 
Tioga  Con  M  Co 
Vermont  Con  M  Co 
Ward  G  &  S  M  Co 
William  Penn  M  Co 


Location. 

Nevada  13 

California  2 

Nevada  19 

California  2 

Nevada  1 

Washoe  13 

Nevada  8 

Nevada  36 

Nevada  2 

Utah  19 

Nevada  60 

California  27 

Nevada  7 

Nevada  9 

Nevada  1 

Nevada  5 

Arizona  2 

Bodie  2 

Nevada  1 

Nevada  14 

Nevada  10 

California  1 

Nevada  36 

Nevada  4 

Nevada  5 

Nevada  21 

California  4 

Nevada  2 

California  3 

Nevada  4 


No.    Amt.  Levied. 

1  00  Dec  10 

20  Dec  7 

50  Nov  27 

20  Dec  7 

50  Dec  II 

1  00  Jan  3 

1  CO  Dec  3 

1  00  Dec  12 

25  Nov  21 

05  Nov  7 

50  Dec  10 

1  00  Jan  10 

1  00  Jan  3 

50  Jan  3 

50  Jan  2 

1  50  Dec  14 

50  Oct  22 

50  Jan  8 

50  Dec  6 

1  00  Nov  21 

10  Jan  2 

10  Dec  28 

1  00  Dec  4      . 

10  Dec  3 

50  Jan  3 

50  Dec  19 

20  Dec  20 

15  Dec  7 

30  Jan  10 

03  Nov  22 


Delinq'nt.    Sale. 
Jan  13  Jan  31 


Jan  10 
Jan  3 
Jan  20 
Jan  15 
Feb  6 
Jan  7 
Jan  16 
Dec  30 
Jan  2 
Jan  15 
Feb  15 
Feb  6 
Feb  3 
Feb  2 
Jan  21 
Jan  16 
Feb  12 
Jan  10 
Dec  37 
Feb  6 
Feb  3 
Jan  7 
Jan  IS 
Feb  6 
Jan  21 
Jan  24 
Jan9 
Feb  14 
Jan  23 


Feb  15 
Jan  27 
Feb  20 

Feb  3 
Feb  26 
Jan  29 

Feb  6 
Jan  21 
Jan  21 

Feb  7 

Mar  5 

Mar  5 
Mar  28 
Feb  24 
Feb  21 
Feb  15 

Mar  4 
Jan  28 
Jan  17 
Feb  28 

Mar  3 
Jan  27 
Feb  10 
Feb  26 

Feb  10 
Feb  13 
Jan  29 

Mar  6 

Feb  9 


Secretary. 
W  H  Watson 
C  7  D  Hubbard 
JYPew 
C7D  Hubbard 
WH  Watson 
W  Willis 
J(seph  Gruss 
Jones  Newlands 
RH  Brown 
SHealy 
J  F  Lightner 
RE  Kelly 
BB  Minor 
RH  Brown 
CV  Hubbard 
J  J  Scoville 
F  A  Whiting 
VHLent 

V  W  Stetson 
(  C  Pratt 
JW  Pew 

JL  Fields 
J  B  Holmes 
(  R  Spinney 

V  E  Dean 

■V  H  Watson 

V  H  Lent 
0  F  Stone 

■  acnb  Stadtfeld 
J  J  Humphrey 


302  Montgomery  st 

312  California  st 

310  Pine  st 

312  California  st 

302  Montgomery  st 

309  Montgomery  st 

418  California  st 

203  Bush  st 

327  Pine  rt 

45  Merchant's  Ex 

58  Nevada  Block 

419  California  st 

310  Pine  Bt 

327  Pine  at 

Cosmopolitan  Hotel 

59  Nevada  Block 
211  SanBome  st 

309  Montgomery  st 

309  Montgomery  st 

309  Montgomery  st 

310  Pine  st 

240  Montgomery  st 

309  Montgomery  st 

310  Pine  st 

203  Bush  st 

302  Montgomery  st 

327  Pine  st 

306  Pine  at 

419  California  st 

328  Montgomery  at 


OTHER  COMPANIES-NOT  ON  THE  LISTS  OP  THE  BOARDS. 


Advance  M  Co 
Arizona  S  M  Co 
Black  Hawk  G  M  Co 
Brilliant  M  Co 
Catawba  M  Co 
Carmelo  Bay  Coal  Co 
Cherokee  Flat  Blue  Grav  Co 
Colorado  River  O&GMCo 
Eagle  S  M  &  M  Co 
Hazard  Gravel  M  Co 
Lodi  M  Co 
Loyal  Lead  G  M  Co 
Mariposa  Land  &  M  Co 
Mayflower  M  Co 
Mayflower  Gravel  M  Co 
McClinton  M  Co 
McMillen  S  M  Co 
Mineral  Fork  M  &  S  Co 
Nevada  Gravel  M  Co 
Noonday  M  Co 
Orion  M  Co 
Pleiades  G  &  S  M  Co 
Queen  Bee  M  Co 
Summit  M  Co 
Summit  G  M  Go 
Tiger  M  Co 


Calif  >mia  2 

Nevada  4 

California  4 

Nevada  1 

California  1 

i  'alif'umia  2 

California  40 

Arizona  3 

Nevada  11 

California  2 

Nevada  1 

California  2 

California  15 

California  2 

California  3 

California  2 

Arizona  1 

Utah  1 

California  '   5 

California  1 

California  4 

Nevada  2 

California  1 

California  6 

California  1 

Arizona  2 


50  Djc13 

1  00  Dec  9 

25  Dec  10 

05  Jan  13 

20  Jan  3 

25  Dec  20 

05  Dec  20 
50  Nov  29 
10  Nov  30 

06  Dec  9 
25  Nov  20 
60  Dec  18 

1  00  Jan  10 

15  Dec  7 

10  Jan  15 

25  Dec  24 

25  Nov  22 

02  Oct  31 

05  Dec  12 

10  Jan  2    - 

25  Dec  12 

05  Dec  21 

25  Dec  2 

05  Nov  19 

50  Nov  27 

1  00  Oct  21 


Jan  28 
Jan  13 
Jan  11 
Feb  17 
Feb  6 
Feb  20 
Jan  28 
Jan  2 
Jan  7 
Jan  8 
Jan  7 
Jan  20 
Feb  12 
Jan  4 
Feb  20 
Jan  28 
Feb  10 
Dec  7 
Jan  15 
Feb  6 
Jan  13 
Jan  24 
Jan  6 
Jan  6 
Jan  6 
Dec  10 


Tft£\      ww^  m  Californ-ast 

Iti  B^Sogg       3WM01B¥SS 

fSS     n^Brunt       ™W« 

ft?g     JTMcGeoghehan  3  8Pnt 

JF?bfl     PMHMXSy        ^M-*P-^ 
Mar  12     Leander  Leavitt 

J  Morizio 

J  Morizio 

W  H  Lent 


Feb  4 
Mar  12 
Feb  18 
Mar  6 
Jan  30 

Feb  5 
Feb  27 
Jan  28 


318  Pine  9fc 

309  Montg'y  st 

8  Montgomery  st 

328  Montgomery  st 

327  Pine  st 


n.F  I?.cl?W'1     2i  SaSe  Deposit  Build 
Utto  Metchke  328  Montgomery  st 


J  Penteeost 
GAHolden 
P  Conklin 
Feb  18  WL  Oliver 
Jan  27  T  A  Wbite 
Feb  i  J  W  Clark 
Jan  28  W  H  Lent 
Jan  20    W  H  Lent 


MEETINGS  TO  BE  HEL>. 


Name  of  Company. 
Aurora  Tunnel  M  Co 
Belcher  M  Co 
Jefferson  M  Co 
Kossuth  M  Co 
Natoma  W  k  M  Co 
Oriental  Con  M  Co 
Paciflc  M  Co 
Raymond  &  Ely  M  Co 
Raymond  &  Ely  S  M  Co 
Twin  Peaks  M  Co 


Location.    Secretary. 

Nevada  C  V  Hubbard 

Washoe  Jno  Crockett 

Nevada  C  A  Sankey 

Neyada  E  F  Stone 

H  P  Livermore 

California  H  C  Hinman 

California  R  N  Van  Brunt 

Nevada  J  W  Pew 

Nevada  J  W  Pew 

Nevada  T  W  Colburn 


Office  in  S.  F. 

Cosmopolitan  Hotel 

203  Bush  st 

331  Montgomery  st 

306  Pine  st 

531  Market  Bt 

327  Pine  st 

318  Pine  st 

310  Pine  st 

310  Finest 

414  California  st 


Mef.tinq. 

Annual 
Annual 
Annual 
Annual 
Annual 
Annual 
Annual 
Special 
Anuual 
Annual 


511  California  st 

310  Pine  st 

28  Sansome  st 

i28  Montgomery  st 

113  Leidesdorff  st 

318  Pine  st 

327  Finest 

327  Pine  st 


Date 
Jan  20 
Jan  28 
Jan  23 
Jan  20 
Jan  21 
Jan  21 
Jan  23 
Jan  28 
Jan  28 
Jan  27 


LATEST   DIVIDENDS-WITHIN    THESE    MONTHS 


Name  of  Company. 
Bodie  G  M  Co 
California  M  Co 
Excelsior  W&M  Co 
Eureka  Con  M  Co 
Golden  Star  M  Co 
Indian  Queen  M  &  M  Co 
Independence  M  Co 
New  York  Hill  G  M  Co 
Silver  King  M  Co 
Standard  GMCo 


Location. 
California 

Nevada 
California 

Nevada 

Arizona 
California 

Nevada 

Arizona 
California 


Secretary. 
W  H  Lent 
C  P  Gordon 
G  P  Thurston 
W  W  Traylor 
J  W  Morgan 
A  K  Durbrow 
R  H  Brown 
F  J  Herrmann 
W  H  Boothe 

w  wuhs 


Office  in  S.  F. 

327  Pine  si 

23  Nevada  Block 

315  California  s- 

37  Nevada  Bloc! 

318  Pine  ff 

69  Nevada  Bloc] 

327  Pine  a 

418  Kearny  s 

320  California  s 

309  Montgomery  s 


3  00 
25 
25 
25 
25 
50 

1  00 


Payable 
Jan  20 

Jan  16 
Dec  20, 
Dec  20 
Dec  9 
Dec  17 

Nov  20 
Oct  24 
Oct  22 

Jan  13 


85  Mexican 30i@30J 

150  Mides ;.50c 

100  Morning  Star 3 

100  New  York 70c 

230  .N  Con  Virginia 6@6j 

815  N  Bonanza lj@1.45 

165  Ophir  ... 
100  Overman 

100  Occidental 70c 

260  Sierra  Nevada 43 

325  Savage 13i(t?13i| 

10  Seg  Belcher. 

1330  Silver  Hill 2@1.55 

100  Succor 30c 

680  Solid  Silver 50c 

1020  Trojan 50c 

65  Utah 13£@13g 

360  Wells-Fargo 20@15c 

750  Ward 

300  Yellow  Jacket. . .  .16@16J 

AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

2475  Amenta l.30@1.60 

300  Belmont 55c 

125  Belvidere 50c 

100  Bellelsle 15c 

340  Bodie 

50  Black  Hawk 25c 

20  Booker 40c 

10  Bulwer I4J 

100  Bechtel 55c 

170  CPacific lS@l.i 


.  .50i.»55c 
.33J,(rf33J 
..70@75c 

343 

;ii.'i'(hi* 
.lien. 45 

..5Uia53 
..!'.(.- 15| 
.  .20t«30c 

1.60 

1@1.10 


200  Dudley 
640  Eureka  Con 

485  Grand  Prize 5i(«5i. 

350  Goodshaw 35@30c 

600  Highbridge ICC" 

50  Hillside 2.10 

510  Independence 1,05 

90  Jackson 

325  Modoc 50c 

430  Martin  White....  3. 90@4 

80  Mono 2i 

25  McClinton '....40c 

225  Northern  Belle 

50  Navajo... 45c 

300  Oriental 75c 

600  Paradise 2.20 

10  Raymond  &  Ely 6J 

300  Summit 1.60 

300  Star 50c 

225  Tioga H 

500  Tuscarora 5c 

300  University 1 


500  Leviathan 

445  Mexican 

525  New  York  .... 

160  North  Con  Vir 

80  Ophir 

1045  Overman 

975  Phil  Sheridan 

585  Sierra  Nevada 
1365  Savage  

440  Succor 

750  SUver  Hill.... 

850  Solid  Silver. . . 

300  Trojan 50c 

575  Union  Con 60@61i 

190  Utah 18<£183 

450  Ward 75c 

50  Woodville 30c 

235  Yellow  Jacket...  19£@19J 

AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

5200  Argenta 60@70c 

90  Bulwer 15 

1110  Bodie 8i@84 

50  Bechtel 1 

150  Belmont 50c 

300  Bellelsle 20c 

975  Booker 30@35c 

20  Belvidere 60c 

20  Black  Hawk 60c 

750  Chieftain 10c 

290  Caledonia (B  H)..l@l. 15 

1140  Dudley 1.05@H 

410  Eureka  Con 


300  Golden  Chart 10c 

100  Hale&  Nor 19 

90  Justice 4.65@4  60 

250  Julia.. 3.90@3.95 

245  Lady  Wash lg(*lj 

100  Mackey lj 

35  Mexican 34@331 

200  N  Sierra  Nada 3c 

125  N  Bonanza 1  j@Ui 

140  New  York 70c 

120  Overman 113011 5 

260  PhilSheridi 50c 


50  Prospect 

200  San  Pedro 

700  SUtah 

20  Savage  

20  Sierra  Nevada. 

30  Silver  Hill.... 

150  Trojan 

5  Utah 

820  Ward 

50  Wells-Fargo... '. 
160  YeUow  Jacket. 


20c 

....1.10 
.20®  10c 

16 

54A 

....1.70 


.20 

80c 

20o 

.19J@20g 


Califomi Board—  Latest  Sales. 


75c    300  Endowment '.  .30c 

400  Gila 20c 

950  Goodshaw.. 35®30o 

3320  Grand  Prize... 3. 95(«4.10 

500  Highbridge 1J 

500  Hillside 2.10@2i 

1900  Independence.. 1.35@1. 40 

50  Jackson 7i 

300  Leeds 1 

315  Manhattan 3j@3jJ 

315  Modoc 50@55c 

100  McClinton 30c 

220  Navajo 35o 

110  Northern  Belle. ..  .7i@7g 

655  Oriental 50iff75c 

525  Paradise 2.60(^2.70 

360  Raymond&  Ely...7i<&8i 

1060  Summit 2J(S2j 

2700  Star 50@60c 

1300  Tuscarora 5c 

400  Tioga  Con U@1.30 

210  Tiptop 1 


Pacific  Board — Latest  Sales. 


Wed'srtay  A.M.,. Ian.  15. 

80  Alpha 13 

20  Alta 8, 

560  Belcher 4g@4; 

155  Best&Belcher...24J@24 

345  Bullion 8L 

125  Con  Virginia Si@Sjj 

130  Con  Imperial 97(S98c 

210  Crown  Point.  ..5.6505.60 
110  California lift 

CO  Chollar 54 

225  Exchequer 5.40@5j| 

220  Gould&Curry 162 

185  Hale  &  Nor 19i@19j 

145  Justice 4.60(*4.55 

140  Kentuck 5* 

250  Mexican 33J@33£ 

200  Ophir 3ti@36i 

30  Overman 

40  " 


110  Sierra  Nevada 55@54J 

530  Silver  Hill 1.70@lft 

20  Union  Con 62 

220  Yellow  Jacket.... 20^20] 
A  FTFRNOON  session. 

60  Alta 8@8J 

2620  Argenta 90<a55c 

90  Alpha 13i 

10  Belcher 4| 

260  Benton 4.80(^4.70 

130  Bullion 8i 

40  CrownPoint 5.65 

25  California 11 

10  Cou  Virginia 8J 

300  Con  Imperial 95c 

200  Caledonia 31 

20  Exchequer  5} 

10  Eureka  Con 25 

10  Grand  Prize 4J 

50  Gould  &  Curry 16 


Wcd'Mda) A.!,. Ian.  15. 

50  Alpha 13@13i 

40  Alta 84 

150  Atlantic 70c 

2000  ^F.tna 8c 

500  Atlas I2jc 

100  Atlanta 7c 

65  Best  &  Belc:r  . .  ,24@24i 

60  Belcher 4g@4  70 

50  Bullion g@8A 

85  California ll@lli 

50  Chollar 48 

90  Con  Virgim 8i(a8i 

750  Con  Imperii 95@97c 

60  CrownPoin;...5.40@5i 

170  Caledonia 31<0>3. 30 

400  Enterprise l(all 

70  Exchequer 5£(j?5i 

70  Gould  i  Cur. .  ,15ji(al5i 

300  Globe _.3i 

50  Hale&NorosB 17 

7(i  Justice 4.60(34: 

150  Julia 3.60(63.65 

5  Kentuck 5 

40  Mexican 33 

1700  N  Sierra  Neda.. .  .4w3c 

300  North  Carso .21c 

65  Ophir 34£@34J 

300  Phil  Sherido '. .  50c 

65  Savage 14i014g 

300^  Europa 95c 

150  Senator 25c 

110  Silver  Hill 1.70 

310  Santiago 1<&-Ii 

300  Trojan 50c| 

500  U  Flag 2c 

50  Union 61@61i' 


220  Ward 7()c 

55  Yellow  Jacket  ...19J@20 

AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

60  Alexander 11@103 

1800  Atlanta 5("4c 

11O0  Atlas mc 

120  AlmadenQ h 

60  Alta 8«r8i 

130  Andes 60c 

75  Argenta 1.05 

100  Bullion 8i@8i 

60  Bests  Belcher... 24itrt24S 

90  Belcher 4J(&4  70 

60  Con  Virginia 8j@8* 

40  Crown  Point 55 

250  Con  Imperial 95c 

50  California 111@11 

130  Challenge U 

40  Chollar 53 

175  Caledonia 3i@3.10 

300  Coso  Con 5C 

50  Exchequer. 5i(35|| 

120  Gould  &  Curry. . . .  16i(«d6 

70  Hale  &  Nor 19JW19* 

80  Julia 4d@3.95 

90  Justice 4.70(<i-4| 

40  Mexican 34 

1000  Monumental 4c 

350  N  Mouumeutal 3c 

40  Ophir 36J 

30  Savage I6f 

20  Sierra  Nevada 56 

100  Trojan 50c 

50  Union  Con Q2W  63 

100  Ward ;.75c 

50  Yellow  Jacket 20 


EJlion  Shipments. 

Since  our  la  issue  shipments  of  bullion  have 
been  as  follow; 

Raymond  &Ely,  Jan.  7th,  $6,193;  High- 
bridge,  Jan.  l(h,  $10,055 ;  Grand  Prize,  Jan. 
13th,  $23,000;  forthem  Belle,  Jan.  8th,  $3,527; 
Jan.  11th,  $5,(4;  Standard,  Jan.  9th,  $14,774; 
Eagle,  Jan.  7th$9,2Gl  ;  Tybo,  Jan.  10th,  J3,- 
827  ;  total  1871  $746,552  ;  Hillside,  Jan.  14th, 
$6,700;  MartirWhite,  Jan.  8th,  $11,070;  Star 
Mine,  Jan.  13tl  $7,500;  Con.  Virginia,  Jan. 
$28,000;  Leed  Jan.  11th,  $3,549;  Indian 
Queen,  Jan.  6th$4(868. 


January  18,  1879. J 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS 


37 


Mining  Share  Market 

The  mining  share  market  during  the  past 
week  has  been  without  special  features  with 
regard  to  fluctuations  in  price.  The  brokers 
have,  however,  had  plenty  to  talk  about.  lu 
the  first  place,  both  "bucket  shops, "as  the  pub- 
lic stock  exchanges  were  called,  have  closed  up. 
We  have  before  referred  to  these  inattentions, 
and  it  is  a  matter  of  congratulation  to  know 
they  have  passed  out  of  existence. 

The  meetings  of  California,  Con.  Virginia  and 
Sierra  Nevada,  were  held  this  week  ami  the 
annual  reports  read.  California  and  Con.  Vir- 
ginia, elected  the  old  officers.  Sierra  Nevada, 
elected  John  Skae  (President).  C.  M.  I'ish,  \V. 
8.  Lyle,  lie©.  Congdon  and  It.  N.  Craves,  as 
TrtUrteet.  Tin-  <  huifomia  mine  produced  last 
year  .<HI.!U'.i.07>*,  ami  paid  nut  in  dividends,  the 
sum  of  ?7,<>20,000.  The  total  receipts  and 
expenditures  were  911,246.589. 

Business  is  improving  somewhat  in  the 
boards.  The  sales  of  the  San  Francisco  stock 
board  from  January  8th  to  14th,  aggregated 
$1,480,000. 

Our  usual  weekly  summary  of  news  from  the 
Comstock,  failed  to  come  to  hand  this  week  for 
some  unexplained  reason,  and  we  are  therefore 
compelled  to  go  to  press  without  it. 

News  in  Briefl 

There  is  about  15  inches  of  snow  at  Tahoe 
City. 

Six  United  States  prisoners  escaped  from  the 
jail  at  Proscott,  A.  T. 

The  French  government  proposes  to  pardon 
all  Communists,  except  400  ringleaders. 

Will  S.  Fenton,  a  soldier,  was  found  frozen 
to  death  Saturday,  near  Salt  Lake. 

The  British  ship  Alley iance  has  gone  ashore 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Columbia  river. 

The  production  of  pig  iron  in  the  United 
States  during  1S7S  was  2,382,000  tons. 

The  Belcher  is  now  claimed  to  be  the  deep- 
est mine  in  America,  having  a  depth  of  2,640 
feet. 

Lands  on  Salt  river,  iu  Arizona,  have  been 
set  apart  for  a  reservation  of  the  Pima  and  Mari- 
copa Indians. 

Henry  Thomas  was  shot  and  killed  by  Jack 
Epperson,  Thursday  night,  at  Geyserville, 
Sonoma  county. 

An  accident  occurred  at  the  Con.  Virginia 
mine  Saturday  morning,  causing  damage  to  the 
amount  of  §10,000. 

Madame  Anderson  has  completed  her  task  of 
walking  2,700  quarter  miles  in  as  many  quarter 
hours  at  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

The  Indians  White  Owl  and  Quit-Ti-Tumps 
were  executed  recently  at  Pendleton,  Or.,  for 
the  murder  of  George  Coggan. 

The  Military  Court  of  Inquiry  into  the  re- 
sponsibility of  Major  Reno  for  the  Custer  mas- 
Bacre,  is  in  session  at  Chicago. 

A  desperate  affray  has  occurred  at  Piedras 
Negras,  Mexico,  in  which  one  Mexican  officer 
was  killed  and  another  badly  wounded. 

At  last  accounts,  40  of  the  Cheyennes  who 
escaped  from  Fort  Robinson  had  been  killed,  15 
wounded  and  40  to  50  recaptured. 

Arrangements  have  been  made  to  extend 
the  Utah  Southern  Railroad  from  York  to 
'Frisco,  a  distance  of  155  miles. 

The  first  water  ever  pumped  into  the  Sutro 
tunnel  was  sent  through  Sunday  by  the  pumps 
at  the  C hollar- Norcross -Savage  shaft. 

J.  Williams  of  Roseburg,  while  at  a  party  at 
Looking  Olass,  lost  his  speech,  and  has  only 
been  able  to  converse  since,  at  great  intervals. 

The  overland  stages  from  Eureka,  Humboldt 
county,  to  San  Francisco,  have  ceased  running 
for  the  winter.  The  maii  is  now  carried  on 
horseback. 

Orange  trees  raised  in  Sacramento  from  the 
seed  appear  to  stand  cold  weather  quite  well, 
but  those  imported  from  the  south  have  suffer- 
ed in  the  loss  of  their  foliage,  and  present  a 
great  contrast  to  the   Sacramento   raised  trees. 

Following  is  a  statement  of  the  number  of 
flasks  of  quicksilver  shipped  by  the  several 
mines  named,  during  the  past  year:  Sulphur 
Bank  mine,  9.44S;  Great  Western  mine,  5,027; 
Napa  Consolidated  mine  3,050;  American  mine, 
119.     The  total  in  pounds  is  1,359,9404. 

The  track  of  the  Southern  Pacific  railroad  is 
laid  to  a  point  38  miles  east  of  the  Colorado 
river,  and  is  progressing  at  the  rate  of  a  mile 
and  a  half  daily.  Grading  is  completed  10 
miles  beyond  the  end  of  the  track. 

The  North  American  Review. — Friends  of 
good,  solid  literature  will  be  pleased  to  hear  of 
the  continued  prosperity  of  the  veteran  publica- 
tion, the  North  American  Review.  After  63 
years'  existence  as  a  quarterly  and  bi-monthly, 
the  Review,  with  the  January  number,  com- 
menced life  anew  by  becoming  a  monthly.  This 
change  will  produce  a  much  greater  degree  of 
timeliness  in  the  treatment  of  topics,  and  will 
add  largely  to  the  amount  of  matter  presented 
in  a  year.  The  managers  state  that  they  have 
secured  as  contributors  for  the  coming  year  the 
most  eminent  statesmen,  scholars,  literateurs, 
and  men  of  science,  on  both  sides  of  the  At- 
lantic. In  addition  to  articles  on  political,  lit- 
erary and  other  themes,  the  January  Review  con- 
tains an  essay  on  the  preservation  of  forests,  by 
Felix  L.  Oswald,  which  will  be  read  witn  interest. 
The  North  American  Review  is  published  by  D. 
Appleton  &  Co.,  551  Broadway,  New  York, 


[INING     NUMMARY. 


Tim  following;  BflDOUlj  condensed  from  journals  pub- 
lished in  the  interior,  in  proximity  to  the  mines  BMattonod. 


CALIFORNIA. 
ALPINE. 

I  X  L  ami  K\«  iheqi -kk. —  Bodie  Chronicle, 
Jan.  4:  Lewia  Chalmers  returned  to  this  town 
leveiflj  weeks  ago,  and  now  has  a  boarding 
house  started  at  the  I  X  L  mill,  and  eight  or 
Urn  men  employed  building  a  bridge  across  Sil- 
ver creek,  between  thi-  I  X  L  and  Exchequer, 
and  grading  a  road  and  place  For  building  at  the 
mouth  of  the  tunnel  just  back  and  a  little  be- 
to*  the  I  X  U 

Takmiisii.—  The  Tarshish,  at  Monitor,  will 
start  up  again  under  the  name  of  Colorado  No. 
2  Gold  it  Silver  mining  company,  with  the  fol- 
lowing well-known  gentlemen  as  Directors: 
Judge  Theruu  Reed,  of  Kern  county,  B.  E. 
Hunter,  Judge  Griffith,  Treasurer  Cronkite 
and  Supervisor  Morrill,  all  of  Alpine  county. 
The  capital  of  the  new  company  is  $4, 000,000, 
in  40,000  shares. 
INYO 

From  Benton.— "Saxe,"  in  the  Inyo  Inde- 
pendent Jan.  4:  Mr.  J.  H.  Badger  recently  re- 
turned from  San  Francisco,  where  he  had  made 
an  amicable  settlement  with  the  defunct  Co- 
manche M.  &  M.  Co.,  and  states  that  if  a  set- 
tlement can  be  accomplished  with  all  the  cred- 
itors that  the  company  will  soon  resume  opera- 
tions, and  Benton  will  be  itself  once  more. 
The  Diana  mill  has  been  crushing  some  very 
rich  ore  from  the  Laura  and  Modock  mines. 
The  Mammoth  M.  &  M.  Co.,  at  Lake  district, 
under  the  superiutendency  of  Jim  Cross,  is 
running  the  mill  to  its  full  capacity,  with  very 
satisfactory  results  and  without  sorting  the 
ore.  Supt.  Adams,  of  the  Indian  Queen,  an- 
nounces his  intention  to  provide  the  bullion  for 
another  dividend  on  the  first  of  the  coming 
month,  or'soon  thereafter.  Morris  Burke  lately 
returned  from  San  Francisco,  where  he  incor- 
porated the  East  Mammoth  mine.  Mr.  P.  W. 
Bennett  was  here  last  week.  He  and  L.  E. 
Tubba  have  taken  numerous  claims  and  filed 
many'liens  for  laboring  men  on  the  Comanche 
property,  of  which  they  propose  to  collect  100% 
on  the  dollar. 

Lake  District. — Esmeralda  Herald,  Jan.  4: 
Several  parties  are  now  in  town  from  Lake  dis- 
trict, having  come  in  to  spend  the  winter. 
They  report  about  40  men  employed  at  and 
around  the  Mammoth  mine  and  mill — the  lat- 
ter running  day  and  night. 

Lord  Byron. — Parties  who  have  been  doing 
assessment  work  on  the  Lord  Byron  mine,  on 
Last  Chance  hill,  struck  some  rich  rock  last 
Thursday.  The  shaft  of  the  Lord  Byron  is 
down  40  feet,  and  it  was  in  the  bottom  the 
strike  was  made.  Some  of  the  rock  shows  free 
gold  abundantly. 
MONTEREY- 

Coal. — Monterey  Californian:  The  building 
of  the  Carmelo  railroad  from  the  coal  mine  to 
Strader's  landing  has  been  commenced,  and  its 
early  completion  is  now  an  absolute  certainty. 
We  were  informed  recently  that  another  very 
large  and  promising  vein  of  coal  had  been 
found  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the  tunnel. 
Mr.  Dougine  has  entire  charge  of  the  company's 
property,  including  the  building  of  the  rail- 
road. The  Mai  Paso  tunnel,  in  the  Mai  Paso 
canyon,  is  to  be  continued  for  a  depth  of  2,000 
feet,  which  will  be  the  means  of  tapping  and 
draining  all  of  the  three  veins  now  being  worked 
at  the  Carmelo  coal  mine.  The  tunnel  at  pres- 
ent worked  by  the  company  is  also  to  be  con- 
nected with  the  railroad  by  means  of  a  tram- 
way, which  will  be  3,700  feet  long.  The  rail- 
road when  finished  will  be  a  little  over  four 
miles  in  length — a  three-foot  gauge. 
MONO 

Bodie. — Inyo  Independent,  Jan.  4:  Prospect- 
ing is  about  suspended  for  the  season,  so  that 
the  many  little  wild-cat  locations  wedged  in  and 
around  claims  of  real  merit  may  preserve  their 
reputations  for  the  time  being.  The  new  field 
that  will  attract  attention  is  in  the  vicinity  of 
the  placer  diggings  at  Dogtown.  That  point  is 
undoubtedly  a  break  or  the  tail  end  of  the  rich 
mineral  belt  of  Bodie. 
NAPA. 

Quicksilver. — Cor.  Napa  Register,  Jan.  11: 
The  Napa  Consolidated  mine,  better  known  as 
the  Oat  Hill  mine,  is  situated  in  Napa  county 
about  10  miles  southeast  of  Middletown.  Thirty 
men  are  employed,  20  of  whom  are  Chinamen. 
These  latter  do  all  the  underground  work.  The 
minimum  product  of  the  mine  is  300  flasks  of 
quicksilver  per  month,  76  lbs  each.  M.  G. 
Rhodes  is  the  superintendent.  The  entrance  is 
by  a  perpendicular  shaft.  In  oompany  with  the 
foreman,  Mr.  Partrigan,  I  got  into  the  iron  cage, 
and  the  steam  engine  let  us  down  to  the  400 
level.  Good  working  ore  gives  about  two  per 
cent,  of  quicksilver.  The  best  sometimes  runs 
as  high  as  12%.  The  furnaces  and  retorts  of 
this  mine  are  not  equal  to  the  task  of  reducing 
all  the  ore  which  might  be  produced,  so  a  small 
force  of  men  is  employed.  The  Great  Western 
mine  is  situated  north  of  Mt.  St.  Helena,  and 
about  three  and  one-half  miles  southwest  of 
Middletown.  The  tunnels  are  run  straight  into 
the  side  of  the  mountain,  and  trains  of  small 
cars,  each  drawn  by  a  horse  with  a  lantern  on 
his  breast,  carry  out  the  ore  2,200  feet.  The 
tunnels  and  caverns  are  here  much  more  capa- 
cious, and  the  temperature  lower  than  the 
former  mine.     Two  hundred  men  are  employed 


— 180  of  them  Chinamen.  Work  never  ceases 
at  the  mines,  but  is  prosecuted  night  and  day, 
Sundays  and  Christmas.  The  Great  Western 
turns  out  about  500  Haska  of  quicksilver  pur 
month.  The  furnaces,  retorts  and  condensere 
are  all  of  the  improved  patterns.  Two  litttle 
streams  of  mercury  as  large  as  goose  quills  come 
out  in  jets,  representing  the  result  of  the.entire 
labor  of  the  mine.  Itseems  ridiculously 'small, 
but  it  counts. 
NEVADA. 

Gb  isa  \  Mi. i.v  District.  —  Grass  Valley 
Union,  Jan.  10:  Taken  altogether  the  year 
1678  lias  been  a  good  one  for  quartz  mining  in 
the  Crass  Valley  district.  It  has  witnessed  a 
renewed  interest  iu  that  character  of  mining, 
and  during  the  time  several  new  enterprises 
have  been  inaugurated,  or  old  organizations 
remodeled,  that  are  gettiug  fairly  upon  their  feet 
as  remunerative  properties.  And  during  the 
present  year  they  should  pay  back  to  their 
owners  compensation  for  their  investments,  as  a 
reward  for  their  pluck  and  confidence  in  the 
resources  of  the  district.  A  large  amount  of 
money  was  paid  out  in  1S7S,  in  the  way  of 
assessments  to  carry  on  these  enterprises,  and 
principally  from  our  own  citizens.  Prospect- 
ing, which  generally  succumbs  to  the  rains  that 
saturate  the  ground,  has  continued  without 
interruption,  and  by  that  means  many  miners 
iu  the  district  have  been  enabled  to  continue 
regular  work,  who  otherwise  would  have  been 
compelled  to  be  idle  or  at  best  put  in  but  broken 
time.  In  consequence  of  this  the  custom  mills 
have  been  kept  constantly  busy,  which  is  un- 
usual for  the  winter  season.  While  the  elements 
have  thus  favored  quartz  mining,  they  have 
been  unpropitious  to  the  greater  and  more 
important  gravel  mining  interest  and  for  the 
agriculturists,  and  make  enforced  idleness  in 
gravel  mining  that  is  discouraging  to  those 
whose  capital  and  labor  is  locked  up  in  such 
investments  ;  and  the  winter  is  now  so  well 
advanced  that  none  can  hope  for  a  water  supply 
that  will  give  the  usual  complement  of  a  good 
season. 

Idaho  Mine.— The  new  shaft,  below  the  lOfch 
level,  is  now  down  132  feet,  having  been  sunk 
20  feet  during  the  month.  The  yield  of  the 
mine  for  December  was  $G4,000,  an  increase  of 
$7,000  over  the  previous  month.  The  regular 
monthly  dividend  (No.  113)  of  §7.50  per  share, 
amounting  to  §23,250,  was  declared  on  Monday, 
payable  immediately.  This  is  a  large  dividend, 
when  taking  into  consideration  the  necessary 
payment  of  the  annual  taxes  and  other  large 
outlays  outside  of  the  regular  working  expenses. 
With  the  payment  of  the  above  dividend  the 
entire  amount  of  dividends  paid  by  the  mine  is 
$2,557,500. 

Centennial. — The  3d  or  420  level,  is  being 
driven  north  and  south,  and .  opens  out  finely. 
Of  late  the  company  have  been  doing  consider- 
able dead  work,  preparing  the  mine  for  greater 
production  of  rock  than  heretofore.  The  tribu- 
ters  of  late  have  been  taking  out  very  fine  rock, 
and  will  make  first-class  wages. 

Mt.  Zion  Gravel. — Nevada  Transcript,  Jan. 
10:  A  San  Francisco  company  have  recently 
purchased  the  Mount  Zion  gravel  claims  which 
have  beon  owned  and  worked  by  the  '  'George 
boys"  and  others  for  nearly  20  years  past.  It1 
is  one  of  the  oldest  pieces  of  property  in  the 
county,  and  is  situated  on  the  ridge  road  be- 
tween Eureka  and  Bloomfield,  about  seven  or 
eight  miles  above  the  latter  place.  The  claim, 
which  is  a  very  large  one,  fronts  on  the  South 
Yuba,  and  extends  back  to  the  center  of  the 
ridge.  A  tunnel  1,800  in  length  has  been  run 
in  it  by  the  former  owners. 

Eureka  Gravel. — The  Eureka  Gravel  min- 
ing company,  at  Relief  Hill,  has  been  paying 
dividends  for  eight  years  past,  the  claim  being 
good  for  from  $5  to  $16  per  day  for  each  man 
working  in  it.  The  proprietors  consist  of  a 
number  of  Americans,  Germans  and  Banes. 
John  Hickman,  one  of  the  owners,  has  held  the 
position  of  foreman  ever  since  pay  dirt  was 
first  struck. 

Blue  Banks. —  Nevada  City  Herald,  Jan.  7: 
W.  F.Cummings,  the  banker  at  Moore's  Flat, 
brought  down  $30,000  in  gold  dust  from  that 
place  on  Sunday  last.  This  was  obtained  from 
the  clean-ups  of  the  Blue  Banks  and  other 
claims  in  the  vicinity  made  last  week. 

SANTA  BARBARA. 

Lead  and  Silver  Ore. — Lompoc  Record, 
Jan.  4:  Considerable  excitement  prevailed  for  a 
time  last  Thursday  morning,  over  the  display 
of  a  rich  specimen  of  lead  ore,  containing  a 
quantity  of  silver,  reported  to  have  been  first 
found  on  the  Lompoc  rancho  by  Dr.  H.  C. 
Dimock.  The  locality  of  the  discovery  is  yet 
unknown,  except  to  the  discoverer.  An  inter- 
view with  the  Doctor  elicited  the  statement 
that  he  first  discovered  the  ore  while  prospect- 
ing with  a  friend,  which  he  is  willing  to  testify 
to  under  oath.  Ke  further  thinks  that  this 
section,  to-day,  is  richer  in  mines,  chrome  not 
excepted,  than  San  Luis.  Messrs.  Sirrine  and 
Anglin  are  still  working  up  the  Bear  creek 
mines,  and  we  may  expect  to  learn  something 
ere  long.  Specimens  from  the  Dimock  and 
other  mines  may  be  seen  at  this  office. 

SHASTA- 

Coffer  City. — The  Extra  company  keep  up 
their  lick  day  and  night,  and  the  regularity 
with  which  they  ship  the  silver  bricks  is  the 
best  proof  of  what  is  being  done,  also  of  the  ore 
produced  from  our  mines.  At  the  Potter  mine 
the  deeper  they  sink  the  larger  they  find  the 
ledge,  which  carries  its  rich  ore  with  most  re- 
markable uniformity  from  top  to  bottom  of 
main  shaft.     This  mine  has  more  good  ore  in 


sight  than  the  mill  can  reduce  in  the  next  12 
months.  At  the  Bully  Hill  South  or  No.  2, 
they  have  a  five-foot  vein  of  good  milling 
ore,  which  resembles  very  closely  that  of  the 
Potter  mine.  There  are  three  claimB  on  the  one 
vein  for  a  distance  of  over  4,000  feet,  with  ore 
exactly  alike  in  all  of  them,  showing  this  vein 
to  be  an  immense  bonanza,  with  ore  enough  to 
run  100  stamps.  The  Winthrop  company  are 
driving  their  tunnel  day  and  night.  They 
have  encountered  very  hard  rock.  The  new 
tramway  is  being  pushed  along  at  a  lively  rate, 
and  will  be  completed  to  Bully  Hill  in  a  few 
weeks,  when  the  expense  of  hauling  ore  will  be 
reduced  nearly  $75  per  day.  It  looks  very  gay 
to  the  old  residents  of  Copper  City  to  see  a 
train  of  cars  come  spinning  down  the  mountain 
from  Bully  Hill  to  the  company's  mill. 

Apterthouoht  Mill.— Beading  Independent, 
Dec.  20:  At  the  Afterthought  mill,  upon  the 
the  success  of  which  everything  depends,  we 
had  the  pleasure  of  meeting  Mr.  Campbell,  the 
Superintendent;  A.  J.  Loomis,  Dan  Feit,  who  is 
superintending  the  construction  of  the  mill,  and 
D.  J.  O'Harra,  the  inventor  of  the  process  by 
which  the  ore  is  worked.  The  mill,  when  com- 
pleted,  will  be  one  of  the  best  and  most  conve- 
nient ever  put  up  in  any  mine.  Their  machinery 
will  all  be  run  by  water  power,  which  will  be  a 
saving  of  money. 

Puck  Mine  and  Copper  City. — In  company 
with  Superintendent  Campbell  and  Mr.  O'Harra 
we  visited  the  Peck  mine,  lately  purchased  by 
them  from  another  company.  It  is  located  so 
conveniently  to  the  mill  that  if  the  company 
desire  to  do  so,  a  chute  could  be  made  to  carry 
the  ore  right  into  the  mill ;  but  for  the  present 
they  intend  to  haul  the  ore,  and  for  that  pur- 
pose have  constructed  a  fine  wagon  road.  The 
value  of  the  ore  varies,  say  from  almost  nothing, 
in  the  way  of  silver  and  gold,  to  $40  and  even 
$80  per  ton,  while  that  which  carries  but  little 
in  the&e  metals  is  rich  in  copper.  Practical 
miners  talk  about  this  as  an  enormous  ledge. 
This  mining  district  is,  without  a  doubt,  a  con- 
tinuation of  the  one  at  Copper  City,  and  as  the 
bullion  already  shipped  from  the  latter  place 
shows  that  it  pays,  the  mines  on  North  Cow 
creek  must  also  pay. 

South  Fork  District.— The  new  mill  is  in 
fine  running  order,  with  its  concentrators,  roast- 
ers, pans  and  settlers,  all  doing  their  part  night 
and  day,  and  turning  out  the  bullion  in  good 
shape,  under  the  constant  supervision  of  Mr. 
Peck,  one  of  its  owners.  The  latest  discovery 
of  the  country  is  giving  new  life  to  this  whole 
section:  O.  Engle  is  the  lucky  man  ;  a  two-foot 
ledge  widens  out  to  ten  feet  in  thickness  a  little 
lower  down  the  hill,  and  still  other  fine  claims 
are  being  opened  above  this  by  W.  Brummett 
and  others. 

NEVADA. 
WASHOE  DISTRICT. 

Our  usual  weekly  summary  of  Washoe  mining 
news  having  failed  to  come  to  hand,  we  take  the 
following  from  the  letters  of  Superintendents, on 
file  in  the  offices  of  the  respective  companies 
mentioned: 

Chollar. — Letter  of  the  11th  says:  During 
the  past  week  we  have  eased  and  repaired  28 
feet  of  the  C.  N.  S.  shaft.  Have  timbered  15 
feet  at  north  end  of  1593  level  and  finished 
putting  in  pipe  to  convey  water  to  the  Sutro 
tunnel.  The  pump  shaft  has  been  cleaned  down 
and  pump  work  completed,  and  the  pumps  are 
now  ready  to  start  up.  On  Thursday  we  broke 
the  rope  in  south  hoisting  shaft  and  to-day  are 
putting  in  new  ropes.  Shall  have  everything 
running  again  to-night. 

Overman. — Letter  of  the  11th  says:  During 
the  past  week  the  north  crosscut  has  been  ex- 
tended 28  feet  and  the  north  lateral  drift  20 
feet,  and  the  face  is  in  quartz  showing  a  little 
metal.  The  excavation  for  machinery  for  ver- 
tical winze  is  about  completed,  and  we  will  com- 
mence putting  machinery  in  place  by  Monday. 
The  new  shaft  has  been  sunk  and  timbered  30 
feet.  The  ground  continues  very  hard  with  a 
little  seepage  of  water. 

Ophir. — Letter  of  the  11th  says:  Ship  this 
day  five  bars  of  bullion,  Nos.  19  to  23,  value, 
$19,459.46. 

Best  &  Belcher. — Letter  of  12th  says:  The 
joint  east  drift,  1700  level  was  advanced  58  feet 
during  the  week,  and  is  now  in  300  feet  from  the 
lateral  drift.  Joint  east  crosscut  1900  level  was 
run  26  feet  through  hard  porphyry,  and  the  ver- 
tical winze  from  this  drift  sunk  10  feet.  At  the 
Osbiston  shaft  there  has  been  much  trouble  with 
water,  so  that  only  15  feet  was  sunk,  making  a 
total  depth  of  400  feet. 

Gould  &  Curry.— Letter  of  the  12th  says: 
Crosscuts  Nos.  2,  3  and  4,  1900  level,  have  made 
slow  progress  during  the  week,  for  the  reason 
that  each  showed  signs  of  water,  and  we  had  to 
stop  them  to  ascertain  the  extent.  I  am  now 
satisfied  that  it  amounts  to  nothing,  and  work 
is  resumed  in  all  of  them.  Joint  east  drift  1700 
level  was  advanced  58  feet  and  is  now  in  300 
feet  from  the  lateral  drift;  good  progress  will 
be  made  at  this  point  hereafter.  The  repairing 
of  the  main  shaft  progresses  well,  12  new  sets 
having  been  put  in  place.  It  will  require  10 
sets  more  of  new  timbers  to  complete  the  work. 
There  is  still  a  very  heavy  flow  of  water  at  Os- 
biston shaft,  but  we  are  still  sinking,  having 
made  15  feet  during  the  week;  total  depth,  400 
Uet. 

Caledonia.— Letter  of  the  11th  says:  Since 
last  report  the  east  drift,  1600  level,  has  been 
extended  40  feet.     The  ground  in  the  face  is 


Continued  on  page  44. 


38 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[January  18,  1879. 


Continued  from  page  34. 


42  millions  of  piecettes  (the  piecettes  has  sen- 
sibly the  same  value  as  the  franc),  agreed  to  in 
1870  by  the  house  of  Rothschild's,  and  to  re- 
imburse them  for  thirty  annuities  of  3,750,000 
francs,  the  government  conceded  to  them  the 
monopoly  of  the  sale  of  the  products  of  the 
mines  of  Almaden,  under  the  following  condi- 
tions: 

The  Spanish  government  engages  itself  to 
deliver  each  year,  at  least  32,000  frascos  (bottles 
of  34.507  kilograms,  or  75  Spanish  pounds),  that 
is,  1,104.224  tons.  The  value  of  the  mercury 
furnished  to  the  Rothschilds  is  fixed  according 
to  the  course  of  metal  in  the  English  market. 
The  minimum  admitted  is  six  pounds  sterling 
(151.20  franca,  or  about  that);  if  the  price  of 
the  metal  should  descend  below  this  figure,  the 
government  would  not  receive  less  than  six 
pounds  sterling  per  frasco. 

From  six  to  eight  pounds  the  profits  are  shar- 
ed equally  between  the  two  contractors.  Above 
eight  pounds,  the  Rothschilds  receive  one-third 
and  the  treasurer  two-thirds. 

Thus,  the  price  of  mercury  being,  for  ex- 
ample £14,  the  Spanish  government  would 
receive  per  bottle  : 

1st.  £6  as  a  minimum.  2d.  £1  from  the  first 
profit  of  £2.  3d.  £4  from  the  second  profit  of 
£6,  in  all  £11. 

Thus  the  mercury  enclosed  in  bottles  is  placed 
at  Almaden  itself  in  the  hands  of  a  representa- 
tive of  the  house  of  Rothschilds  and  the  Admin- 
istration, and  the  establishment  finds  itself 
discharged  from  all  care  and  all  expenses  of 
selling,  consequently  of  all  operations  which  are 
little  in  harmony  with  the  true  functions  of  a 
government  of  any  kind.  The  treasury  profits 
likewise,  at  reasonable  rate,  by  any  elevation  of 
the  price,  an  elevation  which  it  is  without 
doubt  not  in  condition  either  to  produce  or  to 
maintain. 

Nothing  is  more  variable  in  fact  than  the 
price  of  mercury  in  the  London  market,  sup- 
plied almost  entirely  by  the  mines  of  Almaden. 
Idria  does  not  produce  more  than  370  tons,  while 
1,200  comes  from  Spain;  and  America  whose  pro- 
duction is  nearly  equal  to  that  of  Almaden, 
consumes  itself  its  products.  This  is  not  to  say, 
that  the  production  of  the  New  World  does  not 
powerfully  influence  the  value  of  mercury  ;  one 
may,  nevertheless,  regard  as  certain  that  a  nota- 
ble part  of  the  variations  in  the  price  is  due  to 
operations  purely  commercial.  It  was  in  fact, 
in  1873,  1874,  1875,  very  far  from  the  old  price 
of  £6. 

The  average   prices  in  the    London   market 
have  been  the  following  : 
Years. 


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Let  us  see  also  what  have  been  the  quantities 
of  ore  treated  and  of  mercury  produced  in  the 
same  time  : 


Ore  Treated. 


1865.. 
1866.. 
1867. 
1863. 
1869.. 
1870.. 
1871.. 
1872.. 
1873.. 
1874.. 
1875.. 
1876.. 


Prices. 

£. 

sh.           d. 

per 

frasco 

7 

19             4 

7 

5              8 

6 

17             li 

" 

6    ' 

17              " 

" 

6 

17              " 

" 

7 

18             8 

10 

9             9| 

" 

11 

11              2} 

15 
21 

2              7 
6           10J 

« 

Average ...10  9  5  " 

The  lowest  price  from  1865  to  1876,  was  £6 
(Dec,  1865);  the  highest,  .£26,  in  Nov.,  1874. 

Let  us  now  place  in  comparison  to  the  price 
of  selling,  the  complete  cost  of  producing  the 
ton  and  the  frasco  of  mercury  during  the  last 
five  years.  This  cost  results  from  the  following 
table  : 


1879-71 
1871-72 

1872-73 
1873-74 
1874-75 


Tons. 


15,867.039 
15,835.340 
16,094.436 
16,379.750 
18,815.680 


Mercury  Produced. 


In  tons. 


1,185.007 
1,135.046 
1,155.280 
976.104 
1,264.365 


In  frascos. 


34,341 
32,893 
33,479 
28,287 
36  640 


Average 

yield. 

Per  Cent. 


7.47 
7.17 
7.18 
5.90 
0.72 


We  give  in  the  following  table  the  relative 
amounts  of  the  production  of  the  principal 
countries  which  produce  mercury ;  one  can 
easily  get  from  it  an  exact  idea  of  the  relative 
importance  of  Almaden  to  the  general  produc- 
tion. * 

Austria. 


Spain. 


Hungary.    Italy. 


United 
States. 

Tons. 
1,638.6 
1,928.8 
1,606.3 
1,276.9 
1.170.7 
1,103.3 
1,019.6 
1,100.0 
1.045.S 

986.8 
1,182.0 
1,853.1 

We  will  finish  this  study  of  the  deposits  of 
mercury  at  Almaden  by  a  rapid  exposition  of 
their  history.  This  retrospective  view  cannot 
but  aid  in  a  better  comprehension  of  the  actual 
situation  of  the  mines. 

*From  M.  Von  Lindheim,  Kohle  und  Eisen  im  Welt- 
handel,  Vienna,  1877. 

To  be  Continued.) 


1864 
1365 

Tons. 
1,057.6 
1,078.3 

Tons. 
291.1 
192.3 
183.5 
271.S 
286.8 
316.6 
309.6 
375  7 
383.4 
377.1 
372.1 
309.7 

Tons. 
32.4 
42.7 
55.7 

1867 

1,095.1 

60.9 
42.7 

1870 

1871 

1872 

1873.... 

1874 

1875... 

1,345.3 
1,157.0 
1,262.0 

25.6 
18.0 
15.3 
14.0 
13.2 
18.0 

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In  consequence  of  the  improvements  in  ma- 
chinery and  the  increasing  richness  of  the  mine, 
they  can  easily  in  a  year  or  two,  be  in  a  condi- 
tion to  produce  annually  40,000  frascos  {1,380 
tons)  of  mercury,  at  a  cost  which  will  not  exceed 
42.50  francs  per  frasco. 


Ostrich  Fepsine. — M.  Alfred  Ebelot,  in  an 
article  in  the  Revue  dea  Deux  Mondes,  on  the 
means  employed  in  the  Argentine  Republic  to 
protect  settlers  in  the  Pampas  from  the  Indians, 
gives  some  curious  statements  with  regard  to 
ostrich  pepsine.  The  soldiers  never  could  resist 
an  ostrich  hunt  when  they  saw  a  male  ostrich, 
as  is  the  custom  of  that  bird,  taking  out  its 
young  brood  for  food  and  exeroise.  The  parent 
bird  generally  escaped,  leaving  its  young  in  the 
hands  of  its  enemies.  When  other  food  was 
scarce  they  ate  the  young  ostriches.  Some 
portions  of  the  flesh  of  these  birds,  when  young 
and  fat,  are  reckoned  dainty  by  the  Indians. 
Whilst  eating  the  ostrich  the  Indians  always 
carefully  put  aside  the  stomach  in  order  to  col- 
lect the  pepsine  which  it  contains.  *'The 
stomach  of  the  ostrich,"  says  M.  Ebelot,  "is 
celebrated  for  its  incredible  powers  of  digestion. 
The  abundance  of  pepsine,  to  which  it  owes  this 
faculty,  has  created  among  the  Indians  a  curious 
commercial  fraud.  They  dry  it  and  sell  it  literal- 
ly for  its  weight  in  gold.  It  is  used  for  the 
purpose  of  restoring  worn-out  stomachs." 

The  idea  is  too  ' '  good  to  be  lost  sight  of, ' ' 
and  we  shall  no  doubt  even  hear  "ostrich  pep- 
sine" added  to  the  innumeral  number  of  "patent 
medicines,"  with  which  the  world  is  afflicted. 

A  Novel  Wall  Covering. — Engineering 
states  that  of  late,  great  improvements  have  been 
made  in  the  preparation  of  wood  for  wall  cover- 
ing. The  wood  is  cut  to  the  thickness  of  paper, 
and  by  a  peculiar  process  stuck  on  the  paper, 
which  serves  as  a  protection  against  the  influ- 
ence of  the  walls  on  the  graining  and  color  of 
the  wood.  The  delicacy  of  the  machinery 
employed  in  cutting  so  thin  a  veneer  may  be 
gathered  from  the  fact  that  the  leaves  are  cut 
out  of  an  inch  of  white  maple  wood,  and  125 
out  of  wood  with  every  open  grain,  such  as  oak 
and  walnut. 


An  Allotrope  of  Lead. — It  was  but  recently 
announced  that  a  German  scientist,  Schnetzen- 
berger,  had  discovered  an  allotropic  condition 
of  copper.  It  is  now  announced  that  the  same 
scientist  has  discovered  an  allotrope  of  lead. 
Both  discoveries  were  made  by  eleetrolysis. 

Prof.  Daniel  C.  Oilman,  formerly  President 
of  the  University  of  California,  has  been  elected 
President  of  the  American  Social  Science  As- 
sociation. 


Foothills  of  the  Sierra. 

[Read  before  the  California  Academy  of  Sciences  by  B,  B. 
Redding.  J 

Geologic  Formation. 
The  western  base  of  the  Sierra  Nevada  bor- 
dering the  Sacramento  valley,  is  known  in  this 
State  as  the  foothill  region.  Theae  foothills 
extend  from  Reading  at  the  northern  end  of  the 
valley  to  Caliente  at  the  southern  extremity,  a 
a  distance  of  350  miles.  I  am  indebted  to  Mr. 
A.  Bowman,  formerly  of  the  State  Geological 
Survey,  for  the  following  description  of  the  for- 
mations of  this  portion  of  the  State.  He  says: 
"Generally  speaking,  there  are  gradually  rising 
low  outliers  of  upper  tertiary  gravels,  sands 
and  clays  all  along  the  western  base  of  the 
Sierra.  They  are  often  capped  with  volcanic 
matter  and  cut  through  by  erosions.  The  dry 
winding  arroyos  through  the  flattish  foothills 
are  familiar  to  every  one  who  has  followed 
along  the  edge  of  the  Sacramento  and  San  Joa- 
quin plains.  These  erosions  in  some  places  cut 
down  into  the  middle  tertiary  and  even  into 
the  cretaceous  beds;  but  there  is  little  surface 
area  of  the  latter.  Down  on  the  plains  all  is 
covered  up  by  the  Recent. 

"Patches  occur  of  middle  tertiary  and  upper 
tertiary  where  denudation  has  removed  great 
masses  of  tertiary  country  with,  these  excep- 
tions; for  example,  at  Millerton  on  both  sides 
of  the  San  Joaquin.  A  patch  of  middle  ter- 
tiary hills  about  three  by  ten  miles  is  there 
seen;  and  at  lone  valley,  several  miles  square 
of  steep  hills  of  this  period  are  laid  down  in 
slightly  pitching  beds.  The  tertiary  formations 
reach  away  up  into  the  Sierra  in  the  shape  of 
ancient  river  deposits.  They  change  at  from 
300  to  1,500  feet  altitude  into  fluviatite  depos- 
its; although  a  large  portion  of  the  plains 
tertiary,  to  below  the  present  sea  level,  is  also 
fluviatite,  interbedded  with  lacustrine  or  marine, 
sometimes  (apparently)  in  alternate  order. 

"The  surface  areas  may  be  said  to  change, 
going  eastward,  from  recent  to  upper  tertiary 
(pliocene),  as  the  soil  belongs  above  or  below 
the  volcanic  outflows;  and  then  to  the  slate  and 
granite  formations  of  the  Sierra,  extending  to 
the  Summit. 

"The  cretaceous  formation  shows  scarcely 
any  surface  area  along  the  base  of  the  Sierra 
except  in  Shasta  county;  although  from  Folsom 
north,  the  ravines  and  canyons  expose  its 
edges;  especially  north  of  Oroville,  at  Reading's 
ranch,  and  from  there  north  to  Pit  river,  the 
flat  country  is  all  cretaceous,  the  tertiary  being 
mostly  removed  by  denudation.  The  same  is 
true  of  patches  between  there  and  Oroville. 
The  patch  between  Fort  Reading  and  Pit 
river  is  about  20  miles  square.  The  foothill 
cretaceous  of  Butte  and  Shasta  counties  is  over- 
laid by  the  Shasta  coal  measures,  which  are,  I 
think,  middle  or  upper  tertiary;  and  these 
again  by  the  upper  tertiary  formation  of  the 
ancient  river  gravel  period  and  by  the  volcanic 
outflows  from  the  Lassen  volcanic  chain.  No 
cretaceous  rocks  have  been  identified  interme- 
diate between  Folsom  and  Tejon  pass.  Litho- 
logically,  the  cretaceous  beds  are  much  more 
silicified  and  compacted  than  the  tertiary. 
They  are  the  shales  and  conglomerates  found 
in  these  regions;  while  the  tertiary  are  often 
loose  and  fragile,  and  scarcely  worthy  of  classi- 
fication in  the  harder  category.  Both  are  very 
regularly  bedded  and  only  moderately  tilted 
here;  while  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  valleys 
of  the  Sacramento  and  San  Joaquin,  they  are 
both  tilted  and  altered — remarkably  so  in  com- 
parison with  those  on  the  east  side,  and  in  pro- 
portion to  their  age,  generally  speaking. 

"The  older  rock  formations  of  the  Sierra 
foothills  are,  in  the  main,  granites  south  of 
Fresno  river,  and  slates  north.  The  slate  re 
gion  contains  patches  of  granite,  often  several 
miles  square;  and  there  is  between  Folsom  and 
the  Central  Pacific  railroad  a  large  patch, 
eight  or  ten  miles  square  at  the  least,  extend- 
ing from  the  valley  to  near  Auburn. 

"The  granite  region  at  the  south  has  also 
patches  of  slate.  Opposite  Visalia,  at  the  edge 
of  the  valley,  are  two  isolated  patches  10  by  12 
and  10  by  15  miles. 

"It  remains  only  to  trace  the  boundary  be- 
tween the  slate  north  of  Fresno  river  and  the 
tertiary  of  the  valley.  Along  this  line,  begin- 
ning at  the  south,  are  the  Buchanan  copper 
mines,  Indian  Gulch  and  Snellings  near  the 
western  Mariposa  county  line;  Lagrange, 
and  Knight's  Ferry  near  the  western  Tuolumne 
line;  Telegraph  City,  Campo  Seco,  Michigan 
Bar  and  Mormon  Island  near  the  edge  of  Cala- 
veras, Amador  and  El  Dorado — in  short,  a  line 
separating  these  mountain  counties  from  the  val- 
ley counties,  or  very  nearly.  Farther  north  the 
f  ramers  of  the  counties  did  not  study  the  soil.  In 
Placer  county,  Rocklin  on  the  west  and  Auburn 
on  the  east  mark  the  granite  limits;  and  from 
there  north  in  Yuba  to  Oroville  in  Butte 
county  the  first  steep  foothills  of  the  Sierra  are 
of  the  slate  formation. 

The  flat-bedded,  unaltered  formations  of 
the  foothills  described  as  upper  tertiary,  rise  to 
very  different  altitudes  in  different  places.  The 
Oroville  Cherokee  mesa  is,  if  I  remember 
aright,  considerably  over  1,000  feet  above  the 
sea  at  the  Cherokee  end.  Similar  isolated 
middle  and  upper  tertiary  (miocene  and  plio- 
cene) hills  are  found  left  as  remnants,  all  along 


the  base  of  the  Sierra  south  of  Oroville,  while 
to  the  north  they  are  plastered  up  against  the 
Sierra  with  a  cretaceous  base  and  preserved 
by  a  volcanic  capping  covering  nearly  the  whole 
country. 

"The  slates  and  granites  extend  to  the  sum- 
mit of  the  Sierra,  the  line  between  the  granites 
of  the  south  and  the  slates  of  the  north  running 
slantingly  from  the  point  mentioned  on  Fresno 
river  through  the  heart  of  Mariposa  county 
towards  Lake  Tahoe  in  a  tolerably  direct  line." 
Climate. 
From  Reading  in  the  northern  end  to  Sumner 
at  its  southern  extremity,  as  has  been  stated,  is 
a  distance  of  350  miles.  The  mean  annual  aver- 
age temperature  of  Reading  is  64. 14°.  The  lowest 
point  to  which  the  thermometer  haB  fallen  since 
a  record  has  been  kept,  was  27°,  in  December, 
1876.  Its  annual  average  rainfall  is  48. 05  inches. 
Sumner,  at  the  southern  end  of  the  valley,  has 
an  annual  average  temperature  of  68.29°  and 
an  average  rainfall  of  four  inches.  The  lowest 
point  to  which  the  thermometer  has  fallen  at 
this  place  waB  also  27°  on  the  same  day  in  De- 
cember, 1876.  There  is  a  remarkable  uniformity 
in  the  climate  throughout  the  Sacramento  valley. 
In  it  a  difference  of  five  degrees  of  latitude, 
between  35°  30'  and  40°  30',  only  lowers  the 
annual  average  temperature  4.15°.  The  differ- 
ence of  the  annual  average  temperature  between 
corresponding  degrees  of  latitude  in  the  Atlantic 
States,  at  an  equal  distance  from  the  ocean,  is 
more  than  eight  degrees. 

It  has  been  found  that  the  foothills  of  the 
Sierra,  up  to  a  hight  of  about  2,500  feet,  have 
approximately  the  same  temperature  as  places 
in  the  valley  having  the  same  latitude.  It  has 
also  been  found  that,  with  increased  elevation, 
there  is  an  increase  of  rainfall  over  those  places 
in  the  valley  having  the  same  latitude  ;  as,  for 
illustration,  Sacramento,  with  an  elevation  above 
the  sea  of  30  feet,  has  an  annual  mean  tempera- 
ture of  60,48°,  and  an  average  fall  of  rain  of 
18.75  inches;  while  Colfax,  with  an  elevation  of 
2,421  feet,  has  an  annual  mean  temperature  of 
60.05°,  and  an  average  annual  rainfall  of  42.72 
inches.  This  uniformity  of  temperature  and 
increase  of  rainfall  appears  to  be  the  law 
throughout  the  whole  extent  of  the  foothills  of 
the  Sierra,  with  this  variation,  as  relates  to 
temperature,  namely,  as  latitude  is  decreased 
the  temperature  of  the  valley  is  continued  to  a 
proportionally  greater  elevation.  To  illustrate, 
approximately,  if  the  temperature  of  Reading, 
at  the  northern  end  of  the  valley,  is  continued 
up  the  foothills  to  a  hight  of  2,000  feet,  then 
the  temperature  of  Sacramento,  in  the  center 
of  the  valley,  would  be  continued  up  to  2,500 
feet,  and  that  of  Sumner,  in  the  extreme  southern 
end  of  the  valley,  up  to  3,000  feet. 

The  increase  of  rainfall  on  the  foothills  in  the 
latitude  of  Sacramento  due  to  elevation  is  about 
one  inch  to  each  100  feet.  South  from  Sacra- 
mento the  proportion  decreases,  until,  at  Sum- 
ner, the  increase  due  to  elevation  is  but  half  an 
inch  to  each  100  feet.  This  is  shown  by  the 
record  kept  at  Ft.  Tejon,  in  the  Tehachipi 
mountains  near  Sumner,  at  an  elevation  of 
3,240  feet,  where  the  annual  rainfall  is  19.53 
inches.  There  is  no  record  kept  at  any  point 
in  the  hills  above  Reading,  but  probably,  in  this 
latitude,  the  increase  due  to  elevation  is  about 
one  and  a  half  inches  to  each  100  feet. 

The  increase  of  precipitation  on  the  hills  at 
the  northern  end  of  the  valley  gives  greater 
density  to  the  forests,  and  permits  them  to 
grow  at  lower  elevations  than  in  the  southern 
end  of  the  valley.  At  the  same  time  the  differ- 
ence in  temperature  is  so  small  that  the  char- 
acter of  the  vegetation  of  the  hills  at  each  end 
of  the  valley  is  not  dissimilar.  The  trees  that 
are  found  in  the  vicinity  of  Reading,  at  the 
northern  end  of  the  valley  below  an  elevation 
of  500  feet,  are  not  found  at  the  southern  end 
until  we  pass  Caliente,  at  an  elevation  of  1,300 
feet. 

It  would  seem  that  the  temperature  of  the 
valley  prevails  up  the  Sierra  to  an  elevation 
that  equals  the  average  hight  of  the  Coast  Range 
mountains.  If  a  line  were  drawn  parallel  to 
the  surface  of  the  ocean,  from  the  top  of  the 
Coast  Range  east  until  it  met  the  flanks  of  the 
Sierra,  it  would  mark  a  level  on  the  Sierra, 
below  which  the  temperature  would  not  ma- 
terially differ  from  that  in  the  Sacramento  val- 
ley. This  fact  is  probably  to  be  ascribed  to  the 
prevailing  southwest  return  trade-wind,  which 
blows  over  the  State  from  the  ocean  for  more 
than  300  days  in  the  year  ;  passing  the  summits 
of  the  Coast  Range,  but  small  portions  descend 
into  the  valley,  the  remainder  reaches  the  sides  of 
the  Sierra  at  about  the  level  of  the  summits 
they  have  passed. 

Arborial  Vegetation. 

At  the  northern  end  of  the  valley,  at  an  ele- 
vation of  500  feet  above  the  sea,  of  the  Cali- 
fornia oaks  are  found  Quersw  lobator,  Sonomen- 
sis  chrysolopis  and  Wiselzenu;  of  pines,  only  the 
nut  or  digger  pine,  Pimts  xabiniana;  the  buck- 
eye, JEscuius  Cal{fornioa;  and  chemisel  Adenos- 
toma  fasiculata.  This  is  the  characteristic  ar- 
borial vegetation  throughout  all  these  350  miles. 
Its  presence  everywhere  shows  increased  rain- 
fall over  the  valley,  and  similarity  of  tempera- 
ture to  that  of  the  valley.  Our  pasture  oak 
(Qiiercw  lobator)  is  found  at  lower  elevations 
in  the  valley,  but  always  on  moist  land  or  near 
river  courses,  proving  that  it  demands,  in  addi- 
tion to  temperature,  the  increased  moisture. 
In  the  southern  end  of  the  valley  this  vegeta- 
tion prevails  at  higher  elevations,  because  it 
there  finds  the  proper  temperature  and  moist- 
ure. Wherever  on  the  foothills  any  of  the 
trees  named  constitute  the  predominant  ar- 
borial vegetation,  it  is  evidence  that  the  tern- 


January  18,  1879. "] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


39 


perature  U  the  same  as  that  of  the  valley,  and 
that  plants  that  can  be  successfully  grown  iu 
the  valley  can  be  grown  to  as  high  an  elevation 
on  the  hills  as  these  trees  abound.  If  one  tree 
were  to  be  taken  as  the  evidence  of  this  uni- 
formity of  temperature,  it  would  be  salmis  (the 
nut  or  digger)  pine.  It  fa  never  seen  in  the 
valley  or  on  the  hills  below  an  elevation  of 
about  400  feet  It  is  not  found  at  a  higher  ele- 
vation than  that  in  which  the  temperature  is 
the  same  as  that  of  the  valley.  It  is  never 
found  in  groves,  but  singly  among  other  trees; 
yet  it  prevails  throughout  these  350  miles  of 
foothills. 

While  the  vegetation  is  more  dense  on  the 
hills  at  the  northern  end  of  the  valley,  due  to 
increased  precipitation,  there  are  also  local 
difference*,  where  there  is  similarity  of  soil,  due 
to  exposure.  Throughout  all  the  lower  hills 
the  greatest  number  of  trees  is  found  on  gently 
sloping  eastern,  northeastern  and  northern  hillB, 
which  necessarily  are  more  moist  and  cool.  The 
southern  aspects  contain  less  trees,  because  ex- 
posed to  the  direct  rays  of  the  euu  and  to  the 
lull  force  of  the  prevailing  winds. 

Area  of  Foothill  Region. 
On  the  line  of  the  Central  Pacific  railroad,  the 
foothills  commence  at  Roseville,  which  has  an 
elevation  of  103  feet.  From  this  point  to  Col- 
fax— elevation  2,421  feet — in  a  direct  line,  is  a 
distance  of  32  miles.  To  allow  for  all  possible 
errors,  it  would  be  safe  to  estimate  that  the 
width  of  the  foothills,  where  the  valley  tem- 
perature, prevails,  is  20  miles.  This  region, 
therefore  embraces  a  tract  of  country  from 
Heading  to  Sumner  350  miles  long  and  20  milos 
wide,  or  4,430,000  acres,  The  principal  towns 
in  this  part  of  the  State  are  Oroville,  Ne- 
vada, dross  Valley,  Colfax,  Auburn,  New- 
castle, Georgetown,  Placerville,  Coloma,  Jack- 
Bon,  Sonora,  Columbia,  Mariposa  and  Havalah. 
In  the  vicinity  of  these  towns  and  also  near  the 
line  of  the  Central  Pacific  railroad  the  land  is 
occupied  by  settlers.  It  would  be  using  a  large 
figure  to  state  that  half  a  million  acres  of  these 
foothills  have  been  pre-empted.  If  we  esti- 
mate that  another  million  is  composed  of  lands 
granted  to  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad  Com- 
pany, ravines,  river-beds  and  lands  too  rocky 
or  precipitous  for  cultivation,  there  would  re- 
main nearly  3,000,000  acres  of  land,  all  of  it 
timbered,  all  having  abundant  rainfall,  in  a 
Bemi-tropical  climate  and  to  which  title  in  1G0 
acre  tracts  cah  be  acquired  by  settlement  and 
complying  with  the  rules  of  the  United  States 
Land  department.  Throughout  the  whole  re- 
gion overliving  springs  are  numerous,  and  in 
those  parts  where  there  has  been  placer  min- 
ing, there  are  many  canals  from  which  water 
by  purchase  can  be  obtained  for  irrigation. 
The  immense  precipitation  that  takes  place 
during  the  rainy  season  along  the  western  face 
of  the  Sierra,  passes  through  this  region  in 
streams  that  are  tributaries  to  the  Sacramento 
and  San  Joaquin.  Within  this  distance  there 
are  54  of  these  principal  streams,  whose  waters 
are  perpetually  adding  to  the  volume  of  the 
Sacramento  and  San  Joaquin. 

Adaptation  to  Cultivation. 
Every  agricultural  product  that  can  be  grown 
in  the  valley,  including  the  semi-tropical  fruits, 
can  be  grown  with  equal  facility  in  these  foot- 
hills. Ordinarily  the  land  has  to  be  cleared  of 
the  trees  found  upon  it,  and  cultivation  must 
be  continuous,  for  on  the  whole  western  face  of 
the  Sierra,  the  native  trees  when  cut,  or  burned 
down,  are  rapidly  replaced  by  a  new  growth  of 
the  same  kinds. 

These  lands  are  found  to  have  all  of  the  re- 
quisites for  the  successful  growth  of  orchards. 
Fruit  trees  thrive  better  upon  them  than  on 
the  lands  of  the  valley.  None  of  the  many 
theories  advanced  as  to  "the  cause  of  the  treeless 
condition  of  many  plains  and  prairies,  having 
ample  rainfall,  seems  to  be  entirely  satisfactory, 
but  experience  has  demonstrated  that  orchards 
grow  best  and  thrive  with  less  artificial  aid  on 
lands  that  in  a  natural  condition  are  covered 
with  trees. 

The  increasing  exports  of  small  fruits,  such 
as  strawberries,  blackberries  and  raspberries, 
from  the  vicinity  of  Newcastle  and  Auburn, 
and  their  superior  size  and  quality,  prove  that 
this  region  is  better  adapted  to  their  culture 
than  any  place  yet  found  on  the  level  lands  of 
the  valley.  The  peaches  of  Coloma  have  a  stall 
reputation  for  flavor  and  size.  The  apples  of 
Nevada  and  Georgetown  are  equal  in  size,  taste 
and  keeping  qualities  to  the  best  imported  from 
Oregon.  The  Oroville  oranges  have  been  pro- 
nounced equal  to  the  best  Los  Angeles.  The 
vine  grows  with  luxuriance  and  bears  abun- 
dantly wherever  it  has  been  planted  throughout 
all  this  region.  The  wines  of  Coloma  have 
more  than  a  local  reputation.  Persons  com- 
petent to  judge  assert  that  wine  from  grapes 
grown  on  the  foothills  is  free  from  the  earthy 
taste  that  characterizes  much  of  the  wine  of 
the  flat  land  of  the  valleys.  They  also  express 
the  belief  that  if  ever  wine  is  to  be  made  in 
California  as  light  as  that  from  the  Rhine,  and 
as  free  from  alcohol,  the  grapes  will  be  grown 
in  the  higher  elevations  of  the  foothills,  where 
snow  falls  and  remains  on  the  ground  a  few  weeks 
each  season.  It  is  said  that  the  long  summers  and 
great  heat  of  the  valleys  develop  the  saccharine 
matter  in  the  grape,  which,  by  fermentation,  is 
converted  into  alcohol. 

The  Lands  Open  to  Settlement. 
There  is  but  one  Spanish  grant  in  all  this 
region — the  Fremont  grant  in  Mariposa.  The 
land,  therefore,  oan  only  be  obtained  from  the 
Government,  in  tracts  of  80  and  160  acres.  A 
monopoly  of  the  land  in  large  estates  is  conse- 
quently impossible.     The  character  of  the  coun- 


try, being  of  rolling  and  rounded  hills,  prevents 
the  possibility  of  very  large  farms.  Experi- 
ments have  shown  that  the  soil  is  more  pro- 
ductive than  the  dry  plains  of  the  valley,  but 
of  course  it  does  not  yield  crops  as  largely  as 
the  deltas  and  bottom  lands  of  the  rivers.  It 
is  certainly  better  and  more  productive  than 
lands  similarly  situated  iu  France,  Switzerland 
and  Italy,  which  now  sustain  a  population  of 
millions.  Wood  is  everywhere  to  be  found,  and 
iu  tins  region  north  of  Oroville  there  is  an  abun- 
dance of  water  in  streams  and  springs  not  yet 
appropriated.  These  lands  have  remained  open 
for  settlement,  because,  up  to  the  preseut  time, 
suthcient  government  laud  could  be  found  in  the 
valleys.  The  legislation  by  CoDgress  has  been 
and  still  is  unfavorable  to  their  appropriation 
for  agriculture.  The  river  bars  and  benches  of 
this  region  originally  contained  the  placer  gold 
mines.  Positive  legislation  by  Congress  forbid 
their  survey  for  many  years  after  the  State  was 
admitted  into  the  Union.  When  surveys  were 
ordered,  the  Laud  Department  at  Washington 
was  so  fearful  that  they  would  be  occupied  by 
farmers  to  the  injury  of  the  miners,  that  more 
than  1,000,000  acres  were  reserved  as  mineral 
land.  The  placer  mines  of  these  foothills  have 
ceased  to  yield  gold,  even  at  Chinese  wages,  for 
the  past  10  years,  yet  the  Land  Department  at 
Washington  continues  the  mineral  reservation 
on  these  lands.  The  effect  of  this  is  to  increase 
the  expense  of  obtaining  title  from  the  Govern- 
ment, and  thereby  settlement  of  this  region  has 
been  retarded.  Where  a  farmer  settles  on  land 
that  has  been  reserved  as  mineral  by  the  Com- 
missioner of  the  General  Land  Office,  the  ex- 
pense has  to  be  borne  by  the  settler,  of  show- 
i°g»  by  testimony,  that  his  farm  contains  no 
mines,  and  that  it  is  only  valuable  for  agricul- 
ture. There  are  2,000,000  acres  of  these  lands, 
on  which  there  is  no  mineral  reservation,  and 
which  can  be  obtained  by  homestead  and  pre- 
emption as  cheaply  as  were  the  lands  in  the 
valley.  It  cannot  be  but  a  few  years  before  the 
unwise  policy  of  reserving  lands  as  mineral, 
that,  in  fact,  are  not  mineral,  will  be  abandoned, 
so  that  these  lands  can  be  obtained  by  settle- 
ment, pre-emption  and  homestead  as  cheaply  as 
other  lands. 

As  I  have  ahown,  there  are  more  than  3,000,- 
000  acres  of  these  lands  open  to  settlement, 
fallow  from  the  flood,  waiting  for  occupants  ; 
capable  of  supporting  a  population  of  100,000 
people,  if  they  will  but  cultivate  them;  situated 
in  a  semi-tropical  climate,  and,  in  all  the  higher 
regions,  free  from  miasma.  One  need  not  be  a 
prophet,  nor  a  son  of  a  prophet,  to  foretell  that, 
before  many  years,  the  agriculture  of  California 
will  become  varied,  and  cultivation  will  not  be 
confined  to  one  cereal.  Then  the  foothill  region 
of  the  Sierra  will  be  occupied  by  a  prosperous 
and  happy  rural  population. 


The  Care  of  Shop  Tools. 

The  American  Machinist  has  some  important 
suggestions  concerning  the  advantage  of  oare 
and  system  in  the  treatment  of  shop  tools. 
First  cost  of  tools  seldom  represents  their  ulti- 
mate cost,  whether  it  becomes  necessary  to 
repair  them  or  not.  If  a  good  mechanic  makes 
a  tool  last  a  year  in  constant  usage,  while  his 
careless  neighbor  uses  up  one  of  the  same  kind 
in  six  months,  the  cost  of  the  latter  should  be 
accounted  twice  that  of  the  former.  When 
repairs  are  made  their  value  must  be  added  in 
computing  the  whole  cost  of  the  tool. 

One  primary  reason  why  some  shops  can  show 
a  greater  profit  on  a  given  amount  of  work  is 
because  they  get  more  service  out  of  their  tools. 
This  is  just  as  evident  when  the  tools  are  cheap 
as  when  they  are  dear,  for  the  products  of  me- 
chanical labor  fluctuate  the  same  as  the  first 
cost  of  tools;  and  if  a  large  part  of  the  income 
of  the  business  goes  for  working  tools  and  re- 
pairs to  the  same,  balances  on  the  right  side  of 
the  ledger  are  likely  to  be  diminutive,  if  indeed 
they  appear  at  all.  It  is  the  first  requisite  that 
tools  and  machines  should  be  adapted  to  the 
work  to  be  performed.  Fine  tools  should  not 
be  used  on  heavy,  coarse  work.  They  must 
also  be  kept  in  good  working  order,  cutting 
edges  well  sharpened  and  bearing  surfaces  lu- 
bricated, shafting  kept  well  aligned,  pulleys 
balanced,  belts  kept  clean  and  pliable  and  at 
the  correct  tension,  rust  prevented,  emery 
wheels  trued  up,  and  dirt  kept  out  of  all  wear- 
ing parts. 

Machines  should  be  mounted  on  stable  found- 
ations and  run  neitherabove  nor  below  the  proper 
speed  required  to  do  the  work.  Small  tools 
demand  as  much  care  as  large  ones,  and  a  care- 
less or  inexperienced  workman  will  often  spoil 
more  than  the  amount  of  his  wages  in  files, 
drills,  chucks,  reamers,  taps,  dies,  calipers, 
wrenches  and  the  like,  unless  closely  looked 
after  by  the  master  mechanic.  It  is  therefore 
very  essential,  in  order  to  insure  proper  care  of 
tools,  that  workmen  know  just  how  to  use  them. 
All  small  tools  should  be  laid  away  systemati- 
cally in  a  dry  place,  when  not  in  use.  In  large 
shops  a  room  should  be  set  apart  for  this  pur- 
pose, and  a  man  detailed  to  take  charge  of  it 
and  keep  the  tools  in  good  working  order. 
There  is  no  part  of  a  large  machine  shop  from 
which  an  outsider  can  form  a  better  judgment 
of  the  general  management  than  by  an  observa- 
tion of  the  tool  room.  The  best  economy  is 
secured  by  securing  none  but  the  best  tools  at 
the  outset,  for  in  the  long  run  they  will  be  found 
the  cheapest. 


As  I-Nsolcble  Cement. — A  very  valuable 
cement  has  been  discovered  by  Mr.  A-C.Fox,  of 
which  details  are  published  in  Dingier* a  Poly- 
ttduii#ched  Journal.  It  consists  of  a  chromium 
preparation  and  isinglass,  and  forms  a  solid 
cement,  which  is  not  only  insoluble  in  hot  and 
cold  water,  but  even  in  steam,  while  neither 
acids  nor  alkalies  have  any  action  upon  it.  The 
chromium  preparation  and  the  isinglass  or  gela- 
tin do  not  come  into  contact  until  the  moment 
the  cement  is  desired,  and  when  applied  to  ad- 
hesive envelopes,  for  which  the  author  holds  it 
to  be  especially  adapted,  the  one  material  is  put 
on  the  envelope  covered  by  the  flap  (aud  there- 
fore not  touched  by  the  tongue),  while  the  isin- 
glass, dissolved  in  acetic  acid,  is  applied  under 
the  flap.  The  chromium  preparation  is  made  by 
dissolving  crystallized  chromic  acid  in  water. 
You  take  :  Crystallized  cluomicacid,  2.5  gram- 
mes ;  water,  lii  grammes  ;  ammonia,  15  gram- 
mes. To  this  solution  about  1 0  drops  of 
sulphuric  acid  are  added,  and  finally  30  grammes 
of  sulphate-of  ammonia  and  4  grammes  of  fine 
white  paper.  In  the  case  of  envelopes,  this  is 
applied  to  that  portion  lying  under  the  Hap, 
while  a  solution  prepared  by  dissolving  isinglass 
in  dilute  acetic  acid  (oue  part  acid  to  seven  parts 
water)  is  applied  to  the  flap  of  the  envelope. 
The  latter  is  moistened,  and  then  is  pressed 
down  upon  the  chromic  preparation,  when  the 
two  unite,  forming,  as  we  have  said,  a  firm  and 
insoluble  cement. 

To  Turn  Oak  Black. — According  to  the 
JRevue  Iiulustr'udlt,  Paris,  oak  may  oe  dyed 
black,  and  made  to  resemble  ebony,  by  the  fol- 
lowing means:  Immerse  the  wood  for  48  hours 
in  a  hot  saturated  solution  of  alum,  aud  then 
brush  it  over  with  a  logwood  decoction,  as  fol- 
lows: Boil  one  part  of  the  best  logwood  with  10 
parts  of  water,  filter  through  linen,  and  evap- 
orate at  a  gentle  heat  until  the  volume  is  re- 
duced one-half.  To  every  quart  of  this  add 
from  10  to  15  drops  of  a  saturated  solution  of 
indigo.  After  applying  this  dye  to  the  wood 
rub  the  latter  with  a  saturated  and  filtered  so- 
lution of  verdigris  in  hot  concentrated  acetic 
acid,  and  repeat  the  operation  until  a  black  of 
the  desired  intensity  is  obtained.  Oak  stained 
in  this  manner  is  said  to  be  a  close  as  well  as  a 
Bplendid  imitation  of  ebony. 

Unslaked  Lime  fob  Blasting  Purposes. — 
Unslaked  lime  compressed  into  cartridges,  or 
used  loosely  and.well  tamped  down  in  the  hole, 
using  water  or  other  liquid  to  saturate  and  ex- 
pand it,  is  now  proposed  for  use  in  fiery  coal 
mines.  It  is  claimed  that  the  advantages  to  be 
derived  from  its  use  are  economy  in  the  pro- 
duction of  coal;  making  less  slack  than  by  using 
ordinary  blasting  powder;  lives  of  colliers  are 
in  less  danger;  the  breaking  and  shattering  of 
coal  back  of  the  charge — which  is  especially 
characteristic  of  the  use  of  gunpowder — is 
avoided;  and  the  quality  of  the  atmosphere  is 
rather  improved  by  its  use  than  otherwise. 

Bleaching  Feathers,  etc. — The  Moniteur 
Inclustrielle  states  that  Messrs.  Viol  &  Duplot 
have  recently  devised  a  method  of  bleaching 
feathers,  which,  if  successful,  will  be  welcome 
to  many  who  have  been  unable  to  get  at  the 
carefully-guarded  secret  methods  used  hitherto. 
Their  method  rests  on  the  fact  that  feathers 
immersed  in  resinous  essences  (such  as  turpen- 
tines and  other  hydro- carbureted  oils  from  dis- 
tillation of  resinous  juices  in  general,  or  in  like 
oils  in  lavender,  thyme,  etc.,  or  in  bituminous 
hydrocarbons)  are  decolorated  under  the  action 
of  light  and  heat.  The  feathers,  especially 
ostrich  plumes,  are  kept  in  the  vessels  a  longer 
or  shorter  time,  according  to  the  degree  of 
bleaching  wished,  and  at  about  86°  F.,  while 
exposed  to  light  as  much  as  possible.  In  three 
or  four  weeks  they  are  dried  and  prepared  ac- 
cording to  known  methods. 

Marking  Tools  by  Etching.— Warm  the 
steel  and  apply  a  thin  coat  of  white  wax,  and 
let  it  thoroughly  cool,  then  take  a  sharp  en- 
graver (a  scratch  awl  will  not  answer)  and  run 
the  point  through  the  hair,  in  order  that  the 
point  may  be  coated  with  the  least  possible 
amount  of  grease,  and  mark  the  device  through 
the  wax.  Apply  nitric  acid  and  allow  to  stand 
for  a  few  minutes,  then  wash  off  thoroughly 
with  water,  and  heat  the  article;  rub  off  the 
wax  with  a  clean  rag.  By  a  little  practice  any 
one,  who  can  form  a  shapely  letter,  will  be'able 
to  mark  a  tool  very  nicely. 

Green  Ink. — Dissolve  180  grains  bichromate 
of  potassa  in  one  fluid  ounce  of  water,  add 
while  warm  half  an  ounce  spirit  of  wine,  then 
decompose  the  mixture  with  concentrated  sul- 
phuric acid  until  it  assumes  a  brown  color; 
evaporate  this  liquor  until  its  quantity  is  re- 
duced to  one-half,  dilute  it  with  two  ounces  dis- 
tilled water;  filter  it  and  add  half  an  ounce  of 
alcohol,  followed  by  a  few  drops  of  strong  sul- 
phuric acid;  it  is  now  allowed  to  rest,  and  after 
a  time  assumes  a  beautiful  green  color.  Add  a 
small  quantity  of  gum  arabic  and  it  is  ready  for 
use. 


Qood   HeA.lTH- 


To  Make  India  Ink. — A  German  paper  gives 
the  following  recipe  for  making  a  deep  black 
india  ink,  which  will  also  give  neutral  tints  in 
its  half  shades:  Rub  thoroughly  together  eight 
parts  of  lampblack,  64  parts  of  water,  and  four 
parts  of  finely  pulverized  indigo.  Boil  the 
mixture  until  most  of  the  water  has  evaporated, 
then  add  five  parts  gum  arabic,  two  parts  of 
glue,  and  otoe  part  of  extract  of  chiccory.  Boil 
the  mixture  again  till  it  has  thickened  to  paste, 
then  shape  it  in  wooden  molds  which  have  been 
rubbed  with  olive  or  almond  oil. 


Why  are  we  Right-Handed  ? 

Investigations  which  were  very  recently  car- 
ried through  by  a  French  physician,  Dr.  Fleury, 
of  Bordeaux,  have  adduced  facts  showing  that 
our  natural  impulse  to  use  the  members  on  the 
right  side  of  the  body  is  clearly  traceable  to 
physiological  causes.  Dr.  Fleury,  after  examin- 
ing an  immense  number  of  human  brains,  as- 
serts that  the  left  anterior  lobe  is  a  little  larger 
than  the  right  one.  Again,  he  shows  that,  by 
examining  a  large  number  of  people,  there  is  an 
unequal  supply  of  blood  to  the  two  sides  of  the 
body.  The  brachiocephalic  trunk,  which  only 
exists  on  the  right  of  the  arch  of  the  aorta,  pro- 
duces, by  a  difference  in  termination,  an  in- 
equality in  the  waves  of  red  blood  which  travel 
from  right  to  left.  Moreover,  the  diameters  of 
the  subclavian  arteries  on  each  side  are  differ- 
ent, that  on  the  right  being  noticeably  larger. 
The  left  lobe  of  the  brain,  therefore,  being  more 
richly  hiematosed  than  the  right,  becomes 
stronger;  and  aB,  by  the  intersection  of  the 
nervous  fiber,  it  commands  the  right  side  of  the 
body,  it  is  obvious  that  that  side  will  be  more 
readily  controlled.  This  furnishes  one  reason 
for  the  natural  preferences  for  the  right  hand, 
and  another  is  found  in  the  increased  supply  of 
blood  from  the  subclavian  artery.  The  aug- 
mentation of  blood  we  have  already  seen  sug- 
gested; but  the  reason  for  it  is  here  ascribed  to 
the  relative  size  of  the  artery,  and  not  to  any 
directness  of  path  from  the  heart.  Dr.  Fleury 
has  carried  his  investigations  through  the  whole 
series  of  mamalia;  and  he  finds  that  the  right- 
handed  peculiarities  exist  in  all  that  have  arte- 
ries arranged  similar  to  those  of  man.  At  the 
same  time  such  animals,  notably  the  chimpan- 
zee, the  seal,  and  the  beavers,  are  the  most 
adroit  and  intelligent. — The  Electk. 


The  Use  of  Tea. 

The  following  hints  concerning  the  use  of  tea 
may  prove  useful. 

1.  Whoever  uses  tea  should  do  it  in  great 
moderation. 

2.  It  should  form  a  part  of  the  meal,  but 
never  be  taken  before  eating,  or  between  meals, 
or  on  an  empty  stomach,  as  is  too  frequently 
done. 

3.  The  best  time  to  take  tea  is  after  a  hearty 
meal. 

4.  Those  who  suffer  with  weak  nerves  should 
never  take  it  at  all 

5.  Those  who  are  troubled  with  inability  to 
sleep  nights  should  not  use  tea,  or  if  they  do, 
take  it  only  in  the  morning. 

6.  Brain-workers  should  never  goad  on  their 
brains   to  overwork  on  the   stimulus  of  tea. 

7.  Children  and  the  young  sliould  not  use  tea. 

8.  The  over-worked  and  under-fed  should 
not  use  tea. 

9.  Tea  should  never  be^drank  very  strong. 

10.  It  is  better  with  considerable  milk  and 
sugar. 

11.  Its  use  should  at  once  be  abandoned 
when  harm  comes  from  it. 

12.  Multitudes  of  diseases  come  from  the 
excessive  use  of  tea,  and  for  this  reason  those 
who  cannot  use  it  without  going  to  excess 
should  not  use  it  at  all. 


Food  too  Easily  Digested. — The  healthy 
adult  requires  food  which  will  give  the  stomach 
work  to  do.  The  stomach  requires  work  as 
much  as  the  legs  or  arms.  The  nutriment  of 
food  for  such  should  not  be  abstracted  and 
ready  prepared,  as,  for  instance,  it  is  in  milk, 
eggs,  meat;  it  is  better  that  the  stomach  ab- 
stract it  by  the  process  of  digestion  from  food. 
With  the  sick  and  the  young,  however,  the  case 
is  very  different.  The  stomach  of  a  strong  man 
is  like  a  quartz  crushing  machine,  capable  of 
doing  vigorous  work.  That  of  a  dyspeptic  is 
quite  different,  and  may  need  great  care  to  en- 
able it  to  do  its  work  at  all.  Weak  stomachs, 
however,  may  be  trained  by  slow  degrees  to  do 
their  work  well  by  giving  them  just  the  right 
food,  properly  chewed,  and  stopping  the  ex- 
penditure of  nerve  force  in  other  directions  so 
that  the  blood  may  go  to  it.  By  such  a  course 
half  the  dyspepsia  might  be  avoided  or  cured. — 
Herald  of  Health. 


The  Nails. — The  growth  of  the  nails  is  more 
rapid  in  children  than  in  adults,  and  slowest  in 
the  aged  ;  goes  on  faster  in  summer  than  in  win- 
ter, so  that  the  same  nail  which  is  renewed  in 
132  days  in  winter,  requires  only  116  in  summer. 
The  increase  of  the  nails  of  the  right  hand  is 
more  rapid  than  those  of  the  left ;  moreover,  it 
differs  for  the  different  fingers,  and  in  order  cor- 
responds with  the  length  of  the  finger,  conse- 
quently it  is  the  fastest  in  the  middle  finger, 
nearly  equal  in  the  two  on  either  side  of  this, 
slower  in  the  little  finger  and  slowest  in  the 
thumb.  The  growth  of  all  the  nails  on  the  left 
hand  requires  82  days  more  than  those  of  the 
right. 

Pie  for  Dyspeptics. — Four  tablespoonfuls  of 
oatmeal,  one  pint  of  water;  let  Btand  a  few 
hours,  or  till  the  meal  is  well  swelled.  Then 
add  two  large  apples,  pared  and  sliced,  a  little 
salt,  one  cup  of  sugar,  one  tablespoonful  of 
flour.  Mix  all  well  together  and  bake  in  a  but- 
tered pie-dish;  and  you  have  a  most  delicious 
pie,  which  may  be  eaten  with  safety  by  the  aick 
or  weljl. 


40 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[January  18,  1879. 


W.  B.  EWER Senior  Editor. 


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SAN   FRANCISCO: 
Saturday  Morning1,   Jan.  18,   1879. 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 

GENERAL  EDITORIALS.  —  The  Deane  Mining 
Pump  ;  Practice  at  the  University,  33.  The  Week  ; 
Mining  in  1878,  40-41.  Coal  and  Mining  Lands  as 
Agricultural  Lands  ;  A  Paper  of  General  Interest ;  The 
"  Gold  Mountain"  and  the  Oranges,  41.  Science  Bear- 
ing on  Rainfall,  44- 

ILLUSTRATIONS.  —The  Deane  Plunger  Pump  for 
Mining  Purposes  ;  The  Deane  Piston  Mining  Pump,  33. 

MINING  STOCK  MARKET. -Sales  at  the  San 
Francisco,  California  and  Pacific  Stock  Boards,  Notices 
of  Assessments,  Meetings  and  Dividends,  37. 

MINING  SUMMARY  from  the  various  counties  of 
California,  Nevada,  Arizona,  Oregon  and  Utah,  37  44. 

NEWS  IN  BRIEF  on  5  and  other  pages. 

MECHANICAL  PROGRESS.  —  A  New  Direct 
Process  for  Making  Wrought-Iron  and  Steel;  Repairing 
Boilers;  Utilizing  the  Waste  Heat  of  Exhaust  Steam; 
A  New  Feed  Pump,  35. 

SCIENTIFIC  PROGRESS— New  Alleged  Discov- 
eries in  Petroleum;  What  Science  has  done  for  Produc- 
tive Arts;  The  Third  Form  of  Carbon  in  Steel;  Solubility 
of  Phosphorus  in  Acetic  Acid;  Science  in  Nature;  The 
Mound  Builders'  Unit  of  Measure;  Peculiar  Behavior  of 
Cast  Iron;  The  Microscopical  Structure  of  Spiegeleisen; 
New  Mode  of  Determining  Molecular  Weight;  A  New 
Mode  of  Obtaining  Hydrogen,  35. 

USEFUL  INFORMATION.— The  Care  of  Shop 
Tools;  An  Insoluble  Cement;  To  Turn  Oak  Black;  Un- 
slaked Lime  for  Blasting  Purposes;  Bleaching  Feathers, 
Etc. ;  Marking  Tools  by  Etching;  Green  Ink;  To  Make 
India  Ink,  39. 

GOOD  HEALTH.— Why  are  we  Right-Handed  ?  The 
Use  of  Tea;  Food  too  Easily  Digested;  The  Nails;  Pie  for 
Dyspeptics,  39. 

MISCELLANEOUS.  —  Seenes  in  the  High  Sierra 
Back  of  Yoseinite— Continued;  Mines  and  Works  of  Al- 
maden— No.  18,  34-38-  Ostrich  Pepsine;  A  Novel 
Wall  Covering;  An  Allotrope  of  Lead;  Foothills  of  the 
Sierra,  38-39. 

CORRESPONDENCE.— The  Discoveries  of  Science 
in  1878,  44. 

NEW   ADVERTISEMENTS. 

flSTCaliiornia  Root  Tea.  ^f  Paul's  Pulverizing  Barrel, 
Almarin  B.  Paul,  S.  F.  jJ^Palace  Restaurant,  Herman 
H.  Horst,  Prop'r. ,  S.  F.  flSTAssessment  Notice— Mariposa 
Laud  and  Mining  Co. 


The  Week. 

The  excitement  of  the  week  in  mining  circles 
has  been  the  annual  meetings  of  the  California, 
Consolidated  Virginia)  and  Sierra  Nevada 
mines,  elsewhere  referred  to.  Another  item  of 
interest  to  the  mining  community  is  the  re- 
election of  Senator  Jones,  of  Nevada,  to  Con- 
gress. Still  another,  is  the  fact  that  the  first 
water  from  the  Comstock  has  been  run  through 
the  Sutro  tunnel.  The  great  pumps  of  the 
Chollar-Savage-Norcross  shaft  were  started  up 
and  sent  the  water  through  the  drift  on  the 
1593  level  into  the  Sutro  tunnel.  This  is  the 
first  water  ever] pumped  into  the  tunnel,  and 
hence  the  significance  attached  to  it.  Hitherto, 
since  the  connection  between  this  shaft  and  the 
tunnel  was  made,  what  water  accumulated  in 
the  shaft  above  the  1593  level  has  been  caught 
up  and  sent  into  the  tunnel,  but  never  has  a 
drop  been  pumped  into  it  before.  The  Gold 
Hill  News  says:  "Not  only  is  this  fact  im- 
portant in  itself,  but  it  is  also  significant  when 
considered  in  connection  with  the  situation. 
The  fact  that  preparations  have  been  for  some 
time  going  on  to  drain  the  flooded  minei 
through  the  lightning  drift  on  the  2000  level  of 
the  Savage  and  Hale  &  Norcross  to  this  shaft, 
is  well  known.  The  whole  plan  of  operations 
becomes  at  once  apparent,  when  the  fact  is  made 
known  that  no  pumps  have  been  placed  in  this 
shaft  above  the  1800  level.  The  purpose  is 
plain.  Mr.  Sutro  must  take  not  only  the  water 
encountered  in  the  shaft,  but  also  that  from  the 
flooded  mines,  as  soon  as  the  preparations  for 
passing  it  through  the  lightning  drift  are  com- 
pleted. " 

Delegate  Gannon  thinks  the  Mormons  would 
be  cravens  and  poltroons  if  they  yielded  their 
religious  principles  to  the  dictates  of  the 
Supreme  Court. 


Mining  in  1878. 

Condition,  Progress  and  Production  in  the 
Pacific  States  and  Territories. 
As  usual  at  the  commencement  of  each  year, 
we  present  a  cursory  review  of  the  mining  in- 
dustries of  the  Pacific  coast  for  the  preceding 
twelve  months.  It  has  been  the  custom  to 
accept  the  aggregate  amount  of  bullion  made 
each  year  as  fairly  indicating  the  condition  and 
progress  of  our  mining  industries  for  that  year. 
Measured  by  this  standard,  the  year  just 
closed  could  hardly  be  considered  a  prosperous 
one;  that  is,  as  compared  with  some  of  its 
immediate  predecessors,  its  yield  having  been 
less  than  that  of  1877  by  more  than  $17,000,000, 
and  less  than  that  of  1876  by  nearly  $10, 000,- 
000.  But  the  increased  production  of  these 
two  years  was  due,  as  is  well  understood, 
to  the  large  output  of  ore  from  the  Con. 
Virginia  and  the  California  mines  on  the  Corn- 
stock  lode,  and  beyond  these  two  properties, 
could  be  said  to  have  no  special  bearing  on  the 
mining  interests  of  the  coast.  As  this  increase 
was  due  to  the  two  mines  mentioned,  so  also 
has  the  recent  falling  off  in  the  aggregate  bul- 
lion yield  been  due  to  a  curtailment  of  their 
production,  and  not  to  that  of  the  mines  gen- 
erally, which,  taking  the  country  throughout, 
have  more  than  kept  np  the  ratio  of  advance 
that  has  now  been  maintained  through  a  long 
series  of  years.  There  has  been,  of  course,  as 
there  is  every  year,  a  decline  in  some  localities 
and  an  increase  in  others.  The  countries  to 
be  credited  with  an  increase  for  the  year,  as 
compared  with  1877,  are  as  follows,  viz.:  Cali- 
fornia, which  shows  an  increase  of  $2,068,000 
in  gold,  with  a  decrease  of  $1,323,000  in  silver, 
being  a  net  increase  of  $745,000;  Montana's  in- 
crease equals  $1,118,728,  all  in  silver;  Dakota's 
$715,804,  all  in  gold;  Idaho  shows  an  increase 
of  $35,627,  three-fourths  gold;  Oregon,  $21,- 
727,  nearly  all  gold;  Washington,  $18,915,  all 
gold;  New  Mexico,  $74,803,  two-thirds  silver; 
British  Columbia,  $106,270,  all  gold.  Colorado 
shows  a  slight  increase,  about  equal  parts  gold 
and  silver,  the  bullion  receipts  for  the  year  at 
San  Francisco  from  the  west  coast  of  Mexico, 
nearly  all  silver,  showing  an  increase  of  $162,- 
003.  The  decrease  has  been,  in  Utah  $1,049,- 
142,  and  in  Arizona  $100,639.  The  bullion  of 
Arizona  consists  of  about  85%  silver,  and  the 
balance  gold;  that  of  Utah  beiag  composed 
90%  of  silver  and  lead,  the  decline  in  the  value 
of  the  bullion  here  produced  being  largely  due 
to  the  depreciation  of  these  metals  in  the  mar- 
kets of  the  world. 

Annual  Production  and  Rates  of  Increase. 
In  the  foregoing  estimates  we  have,  as  in 
former  years,  adopted  the  statements  prepared 
annually  by  John  J.  Valentine,  General  Super- 
intendent of  Wells,  Fargo  &  Go.  's  express,  and 
which  give  the  total  product  of  bullion  for  the 
entire  coast,  receipts  from  British  Columbia 
and  Mexico  included,  during  the  years  men- 
tioned below,  as  follows : 

Years.  Amounts. 

1870 §54,000,000 

1871 58,284,000 

1872 62,236,959 

1873 72,258,693 

1874 74,401,045 

1875 80,889,057 

1876 90,S75,173 

1877 98,421,754 

1878 81,154,622 

By  consulting  the  above  table  it  will  be  seen 
that  a  steady  progress  was  made  in  the  bullion 
production  of  the  coast  during  the  seven  years 
preceding  1878,  the  ad/ance,  when  sharply  ac- 
celerated, having  been  caused  by  an  unusually 
heavy  output  from  some  portion  of  the  Com- 
stock lode.  The  aggregate  gain  made  during 
these  seven  years  amounted  to  $44,500,000,  be- 
ing at  the  rate  of  $6,357,000  per  year.  It  is 
needless  to  say  that  much  fault  is  every  year 
found  with  these  estimates  of  Mr.  Valentine, 
the  local  press  and  parties  interested  in  each 
particular  locality  being  apt  to  complain  that 
his  figures  fail  to  fully  represent  the  bullion 
there  produced.  While  there  may  in  some 
cases  be  cause  for  such  complaint,  the  tables 
prepared  by  that  gentleman  constitute,  as  a 
whole,  the  most  reliable  data  we  have  in  the 
premises,  and  must  be  generally  accepted  until 
such  time  as  something  more  full  and  authentic 
can  be  obtained.  As  regards  the  State  of 
Nevada  there  was  reason  to  anticipate  some 
falling  off  in  its  gross  production,  the  manage- 
ment of  the  two  bonanza  mines  mentioned,  hav- 
ing advised  the  public  at  the  beginning  of  the 
year  that  such  result  was  probable  if  not  in- 
evitable. In  the  case  of  Utah,  too,  some  de- 
cline was  looked  for,  owing  to  the  heavy  dis- 
count on  silver  and  the  prevailing  low  prices  of 
lead.  Of  Arizona,  however,  a  better  account 
was  expected.  It  was  universally  thought  that 
she  would  be  able  to  maintain,  if  not  make 
some  advances  on,  her  former  largest  annual 
production;  and  it  may  well  be  that  more  bul- 
lion has  escaped  from  that  Territory  through 
Eastern  channels  of  transit  than  Mr.  Valentine 
has  given  her  credit  for.  While  Montana  has 
rather  exceeded,  Colorado  has  hardly  come  up 
to  general  expectation;  Dakota  having  failed  by 
a  good  deal,  to  fulfill  the  promises  made  by  her 
friends  a  year  ago.  Of  particular  localities, 
none  has  been  able  to  make  a  better  showing 
than  the  Eureka  district  in  the  State  of 
Nevada,  which  has  turned  out  for  the  year 
$6,981,406,  as  against  $5,676,057  in  1877,  be- 
ing an  increase  of  $1,305,349.     The  Bodie  dis- 


trict, Mono  county,  Cal.,  has  also  done  notably 
well,  as  have  also  some  of  the  hydraulic  mines 
in  this  State;  more  especially  several  of  those 
operating  on  the  San  Juan  ridge,  Nevada 
county* 

Relative  Production  of  Gold  and  Silver. 

The  fact  that  the  two  royal  metals  are  now 
being  produeed  on  this  coast  in  nearly  equal 
quantity  should  tend  to  allay  the  fears  of  those, 
who  since  the  discovery  of  so  many  silver-bear- 
ing mines  on  American  territory,  have  enter- 
tained a  fear  this  metal  would  attain  to  an  un- 
due preponderance  as  an  element  of  the  cur- 
rency. From  the  time  that  gold  was  discovered 
in  California,  followed  soon  after  by  like  dis- 
coveries in  Australia,  the  increase  of  that  metal 
was  for  many  years  relatively  much  greater  than 
that  of  silver,  the  disproportion  having  been 
maintained  on  this  coast  till  the  year  1877, 
when  the  silver  yield  was  slightly  in  excess  of 
that  of  gold;  a  condition  of  things  that  has  ob- 
tained for  that  year  only. 

Last  year  our  domestic  production  of  silver — 
receipts  from  Mexico  being  omitted — was  $37,  - 
248,137;  gold,  $37,556,030— excess  of  gold, 
$407,893.  The  Comstock  bullion  made  during 
the  year,  consisted  of  45%  gold  and  55%  silver, 
the  so-called  base  bullion  of  Nevada  having 
contained  30%  gold.  The  balance  of  it  was 
nearly  all  silver,  not  more  than  two  or  three  per 
cint.  of  the  value  consisting  of  lead.  The/gross 
bullion  yield  of  the  coast  for  1878  contained  the 
several  metals  approximately  as  follows :  Gold, 
48%;  silver,  48%;  lead,  4%;  a  proportion  that 
is  not  likely  to  be  violently  disturbed  in  the 
near  future,  and  which  argues  strongly  in  favor 
of  a  retention  of  our  present  bi-metallic  cur- 
rency. Certainly  the  present  aspect  of  affairs 
affords  little  warrant  for  imposing  further  re- 
strictions upon  the  coinage  of  silver,  to  say 
nothing  of  its  demonetization,  as  contended  for 
in  certain  quarters.  So  far  as  Australia  and 
other  recently  discovered  sources  of  bullion  pro- 
duction are  concerned,  they  will  no  doubt  con- 
tinue to  turn  out  more  gold  than  silver. 

Sources  of  Production  and  the  Sum  Total. 

It  is  now  just  31  years  since  the  grand  dis- 
covery of  gold  was  made  in  California.  During 
this  period  there  has  been  produced  in  the 
States  and  Territories  west  of  the  Missouri 
river,  bullion  to  the  value  of  $1,985,527,939. 
Of  this  amount  about  $1,581,433,693  has  con- 
sisted of  gold,  and  $404,094,246  of  silver. 
Besides  this,  there  has  been  produced  to  date 
in  the  several  Atlantic  States  something  like 
$30,000,000,  the  most  of  it  in  North  Carolina, 
Virginia  and  Georgia. 

If  to  the  table  of  bullion  production  given  on 
the  next  page,  be  added  the  entire  yield  of 
British  Columbia  to  date,  $33,000,000,  San 
Francisco  receipts  from  the  northwest  coast  of 
Mexico,  $9,000,000,  and  the  product  of  the 
Atlantic  States,  $30,000,000,  we  have  a  total  of 
$2,057,527,939  produced  from  the  above  sources, 
all  but  $42,000,000  being  from  mines  within 
the  limits  of  the  United  States, 
Mining  in  California— Hydraulic  Operations. 

The  business  of  mining  for  the  precious 
metals  in  California  during  the  year  under  re- 
view was,  as  already  remarked,  fairly  pros- 
perous. Owing  to  a  rather  restricted  water 
supply  the  returns  from  the  hydraulic  mines, 
now  the  principal  source  of  gold  production  in 
this  State,  fell  a  little  short  ot  what  might 
otherwise  have  been  expected.  There  was, 
however,  not  much  ground  for  complaint,  and 
with  an  average  amount  of  rain  the  coming 
year  will  see  a  large  crop  of  gold  gathered  by 
this  class  of  miners,  who  employed  the  leisure 
affdrded  by  the  last  dry  season  to  a  good  pur- 
pose, their  claims  having,  as  a  general  thing, 
been  put  in  excellent  shape  for  future  opera- 
tions. Placer,  Nevada,  Sierra,  Butte  and  Yuba 
counties,  as  heretofore,  continue  to  be  the  most 
active  and  productive  centers  of  hydraulic  min- 
ing, although  some  very  successful  enterprises 
of  this  kind  are  being  carried  on  in  Amador,  El 
Dorado  and  Plumas.  In  Trinity  and  Siskiyou, 
where  this  industry  was  introduced  at  a  later 
period,  it  is  also  meeting  with  a  gratifying  suc- 
cess ;  the  conditions  for  prosecuting  it  profit- 
ably being  in  some  respects  better  tihere  than  in 
any  other  part  of  the  State.  Water  in  these 
more  northerly  counties  is  more  easily  obtained, 
andfortheextentof  the  mines,  is  in  better  supply 
than  in  the  older  hydraulic  districts.  In  the 
matter  of  outlet,  absence  of  indurated  gravel 
and  barren  material,  unwieldly  boulders,  etc., 
they  are  also  better  situated ;  and  there  is  no 
doubt  but  these  counties,  more  especially 
Trinity,  offer  just  now  the  best  openings  for 
investment  in  this  department  of  mining,  to  be 
found  on  the  coast.  It  should  be  remembered, 
however,  that  these  opportunities,  even  there, 
are  not  numerous  ;  the  hydraulic  deposits  of 
Trinity  being  confined  to  the  auriferous  belt, 
that  strikes  centrally  across  the  county,  and  to 
which  all  the  mines  there,  including  the  bars 
along  Trinity  river,  are  indebted  for  their  enrich- 
ment. Several  of  these  bars  afford  the  best 
possible  chances  for  inaugurating  permanent  and 
paying  hydraulic  operations.  Buckeye  moun- 
tain, Brown's  ridge  and  Oregon  mountain,  with 
one  or  two  other  similar  elevations,  also  offer 
exceptionally  good  inducements  for  the  invest- 
ment of  money  in  this  branch  of  mining.  Ap- 
purtenant to  some  of  these  properties  are  fine 
water  privileges  that  belong  to  the  Buckeye 
Mountain  Ditch  &  Mining  Company,  being  one 
of  the  most  valuable  in  the  State.  That  these 
natural  advantages  have  not  been  turned  to 
a  more  practical  account,  has  been  owing  to  the 
fact  that  the  most  of  these  properties  have  been 
in  the  possession  of  the  pioneer  miners  and  j 
early  residents  of  the  county  ;  a  class,  not  over-  I 


ly  ambitious  or  covetous  of  money,  and  who, 
so  long  as  they  could  realize  moderate  wages 
working  their  claims  with  such  water  as  the 
rains  afforded,  and  in  a  small  way,  were  averse 
to  the  exertion  and  bother  necessary  to  outfit 
and  insure  from  them  a  larger  production.  For 
many  years,  too,  Trinity  being  remote  and  dif- 
ficult of  access,  was  not  much  visited  by  capi- 
talists or  their  agents,  or  others  desirous  of 
finding  good  openings  for  the  profitable  invest- 
ment of  money.  Since  the  extension  of  the 
railroad  to  its  borders,  affairs  in  this  county  have 
begun  to  change.  Experienced  hydraulic 
miners  from  older  localities  have  gone  there, 
and  appreciating  the  situation,  have  managed  to 
acquire  interests  that  under  their  skillful 
management  have  already  become  valuable ;  and 
as  the  attention  of  our  moneyed  men  is  now 
being  turned  strongly  toward  Trinity  and  Siski- 
you, it  may  be  expected  that  hydraulic  mining 
will  soon  undergo  a  marked  expansion  in  this 
northern  section  of  the  State. 
Drift  Mining. 

The  drift  diggings  of  California  have  turned 
out  well  of  late,  considering  how  small  a  num- 
ber of  claims  have  yet  been  opened  up  and 
placed  in  good  working  condition.  The  buried 
channels  of  the  ancient  rivers  afford  here  a  wide 
and  profitable  field  for  the  prosecution  of  this 
style  of  mining;  the  only  drawback  to  this  class 
of  ventures  being  that  they  require  a  consider- 
able outlay  of  labor  and  money  before  making 
any  return.  It  consumes  also,  in  most  cases,  a 
good  deal  of  time  to  sink  the  shafts  or  run  the 
tunnels  necessary  to  reach  and  work  these  de- 
posits. Still,  with  the  appliances  for  hastening 
this  kind  of  work,  now  within  easy  reach,  this 
objection  becomes  less  formidable,  while  a 
better  knowledge  of  the  exact  levels  on  which 
the  exploratory  tunnels  should  be  run,  enables 
the  engineer  to  avoid  the  mistakes  which  form- 
erly proved  fatal  to  so  many  of  these  enter- 
prises. The  drift  claims  at  Forest  City,  Da- 
mascus and  Michigan  Bluff,  continue  to  yield,  as 
they  have  done  for  many  years,  large  amounts 
of  gold  dust.  Many  other  claims,  more  recently 
opened  elsewhere,  are  also  beginning  to  make 
good  returns;  while  others,  having  nearly  com- 
pleted their  shafts  or  tunnels,  will  most  likely 
be  producing  in  a  very  short  time. 
Vein  Mining-. 

This,  by  far  the  most  important  branch  of  our 
mining  industries,  has,  as  already  observed, 
been  attended  during  the  past  year  with  a  full 
average  measure  of  success.  In  California  our 
gold-bearing  quartz  mines  have  produced  fairly, 
and  with  their  accustomed  evenness.  If  in  this 
department  of  the  business  we  have  but  few 
startling  ore-finds  to  note,  so  also  are  there  but 
few  disastrous  failures  to  record.  Throughout 
the  entire  southern  section  of  the  State,  with 
the  exception  of  Mono  county,  vein  mining  has 
made  less  progress  than  was  at  the  commence- 
ment of  the  year  hoped  for.  In  Tuolumne 
county  it  has  experienced  some  revival,  and  the 
outlook  there  may  be  said  to  have  been  much 
improved.  In  the  more  central  and  northern 
group  of  counties  this  industry  has  also  made 
fair  headway,  the  Idaho,  Sierra  Buttes,  Plu- 
mas Eureka  and  the  Black  Bear  mines  having 
kept  up  their  usual  large  production,  while  a 
number  of  other  properties  have  developed 
promising  ore  bodies  during  the  year.  In  a 
district  named  the  Silverado,  situated  in  Los 
Angeles  county,  a  considerable  number  of  ar- 
gentiferous lodes  were  discovered  during  the 
past  summer,  and  some  progress  made  in  the 
work  of  their  development.  How  rich  or  per- 
manent the  deposits  will  prove  remains  to  be 
determined.  There  seems  to  be  a  good  pros- 
pect, however,  of  some  paying  mines  being 
found  there. 

Mono  County. 

For  the  past  year  or  more  this  county  has 
been  a  central  point  of  attraction  by  reason  of 
the  many  rich  gold-bearing  lodeB  that  have 
been  discovered  and  partially  opened  up  in  the 
Bodie  district;  a  locality  that  for  the  preceding 
12  or  14  years  had  been  almost  wholly  ne- 
glected. The  mines  here  are  worthy  of  atten- 
tion, not  only  on  account  of  their  large  actual 
production,  but  also  their  great  prospective 
merit,  there  being  at  least  a  score  that  promise 
to  develop  into  as  good  properties  as  the  Stand- 
ard or  Bodie,  thus  far  the  most  productive 
mines  in  the  district.  As  the  resuscitation  of 
these  mines  was  primarily  due  to  the  efforts 
made  by  the  present  owners  of  the  Standard  to 
outfit  that  property  and  place  it  on  a  paying 
basis,  it  may  be  worth  while  to  relate  briefly 
some  of  the  circumstances  connected  with  the 
history  of  that  mine.  The  Standard  was 
owned  in  the  first  instance  by  two  German 
miners,  who,  up  to  the  month  of  September, 
1876,  had  worked  the  ore  with  good  results, 
but  in  a  small  way,  arastras  only  being  em- 
ployed for  its  reduction.  At  that  time  the 
Cook  Bros,  bought  it  for  the  sum  of  $67,500, 
and  worked  ,it  with  such  effect  that  they  were 
able  by  the  next  September  to  pay  a  first  divi- 
dend from  its  net  earnings  of  $1  per  share, 
aggregating  $50,000.  A  like  dividend  has  been 
repeated  every  month  since,  and  will  probably 
be  kept  up  for  many  years  to  come,  it  being 
estimated  that  there  is  now  sufficient  ore 
developed  above  the  450  level  to  yield  $3,000,- 
000,  with  a  prospect  of  its  extending  inde- 
finitely downward.  Not  less  than  six  valuable 
ledges,  varying  from  15  inches  to  15  feet  in 
thickness,  some  of  them  of  extraordinary  rich- 
ness, have  been  opened  up,  or  rather  discov- 
ered, already,  within  the  limits  of  the  com- 
pany's claims,  which  are  1,500  feet  in  length 
by  1,200  in  width,  and  not  yet  more  than  half 
prospected.     More  than  one-half  of  the  50,000 


January  18,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


41 


shares  of  this  company  belong  to  Messrs.  Seth 
and  Daniel  I. '00k  of  this  city,  who  were  asso- 
ciated with  John  F.  Boyd  and  George  Story  in 

the  purchase  of  the  property.  The  balance  of 
the  shares  is  held  in  few  and  strong  hands,  this 
stock  buiug  rarely  offered  on  the  market.  The 
entire  width  of  the  Standard  ground,  and  for 
some  distance  on  each  side,  including  the 
Hulwer  and  Belvidere  mines  on  the  west,  and 
the  Summit  on  the  east,  appears  to  be  com- 
posed of  oue  vast  and  continuous  ore  channel, 
tilled  with  a  system  of  veins  branching  from  or 
interlacing  with  each  other;  some  of  which 
carry  very  high  grade  ore,  while  others  are  of 
less  value,  but  rarely  do  the  assays  fall  below 
-JO  per  ton.  The  ore  in  all  these  veins 
is  of  a  homogeoeooa  character,  beiug  generally 
soft,  stratified,  free  from  sulphureta,  and  car- 
rying tine  free  gold  well  diffused  throughout 
the  vein;  though  containing  seams  very  fre- 
quently of  extraordinary  richness  -  av-_-  re  ging 
seven]  thousand  dollars  per  ton.  The  ..re  also 
contains  ■  huge  proportion  of  clay,  which  seri- 
ously interfered  with  milling,  until  this  com- 
pany introduced  the  silver  or  pan  process, 
which  enables  them  to  save  fully  90%  of  its 
value.  The  company  has  a  20-stamp  mill, 
which  will  be  enlarged  the  coming  spring,  after 
which  the  dividends  will  no  doubt  be  increased 
in  a  corresponding  ratio. 

The  monthly  product  at  present  is  about 
$100,000,  the  average  value  of  the  ore  worked 
being  about  $70  per  ton.  The  company  has  an 
incline  shaft  following  the  ledge  at  an  angle  of 
about  40  degrees  to  the  depth  of  835  feet, 
through  which  the  mine  has  thus  far  been 
worked.  A  new  perpendicular  three -compart- 
ment shaft  is  going  down  rapidly,  having 
already  reached  a  depth  of  about  800  feet,  and 
will  ultimately  be  carried  to  any  depth  re- 
quired for  the  future  working  of  the  mine.  A 
suspended  wire  tramway  conveys  the  ore  at  a 
nominal  coat  from  the  hoisting  works  to  the 
mdl.  From  present  appearances,  the  Standard 
mine  will  continue  to  pay  dividends  for  a  life- 
time. Happily  all  adverse  claims  have  been 
settled,  and  the  title  is  perfection  itself,  em- 
bracing everything  from  a  United  States  patent; 
down  to  the  recent  school-section-State-title 
dodge.  The  total  product  of  the  Standard 
since  it  passed  under  its  present  management 
amounts  to  over  a  million  dollars,  of  which 
§850,000  have  been  disbursed  to  shareholders 
in  17  consecutive  monthly  dividends,  consti- 
tuting as  good  a  record  as  attaches  to  any 
mine  on  the  coast. 

The  Bodie  mine  to  date  has  also  turned  out 
considerably  over  a  million  dollars,  a  large  pro- 
portion of  which  has  consisted  of  net  earnings 
and  been  paid  to  the  shareholders  in  monthly 
dividends,  none  of  which  have  yet  been  inter- 
mitted. Besides  the  liodie,  two  or  three  other 
promising  mining  districts  have  lately  been 
discovered  in  Mono  county,  of  which  the  Indian 
and  Lake  would  seem  to  be  the  most  important. 

In  the  State  of  N  evada 
There  is  little  calling  for  special  comment  ex- 
cept the  shrinkage  of  bullion  production  on  the 
Corns toek  lauge,  through  the  causes  already 
alluded  to.  It  may  further  be  stated  in  this 
connection,  that  the  year  has  failed  to  bring 
with  it  the  ore  developments  elsewhere  along 
that  range  hoped  for  at  its  commencement;  and 
taken  altogether,  the  mining  outlook  along  the 
Comstock  cannot  be  said  to  be  just  now  par- 
ticularly encouraging.  With  a  valuable  ore 
find,  however,  in  the  Sierra  Nevada,  Ophir,  or 
at  other  point  of  deep  exploration,  affairs  there 
would  no  doubt  speedily  mend,  and  confidence 
be  so  far  restored,  perhaps,  as  to  render  a  con- 
tinuation of  active  explorations  still  possible. 
The  results  of  the  current  year  will  go  far  to- 
ward determining  this  latter  question.  The 
Sutro  tunnel,  after  a  period  of  nearly  ten  years 
spent  in  its  construction,  reached  the  Comstock 
lode,  its  objective  point,  toward  the  end  of  the 
year;  the  event  having  as  yet  been  productive 
of  no  very  marked  results,  though  doubtless  it 
will  be  of  much  service  in  aiding  to  drain  the 
mines,  as  well  as  tend  to  promote  their  ventila- 
tion. 

Among:  the  New  Mining  Localities  Discov- 
ered in  thia  State  During  the  past  Year 
The  Pyramid  aDd  the  Paradise  districts  are 
the  most  prominent.  Both  have  attracted 
much  notoriety,  and  for  both  a  good  deal  of 
merit  has  been  claimed.  To  what  extent  they 
deserve  either,  remains,  however,  to  be  seen. 
The  former  of  these  districts  lies  in  the  north- 
ern part  of  Washoe  and  the  other  in  Humboldt 
county;  the  first  has  but  poor  and  the  latter 
only  moderately  good  facilities  for  ore  reduc- 
tion. About  some  of  the  newly-opened  mines 
in  this  State  a  good  deal  has  also  been  said. 
In  this  category  is  the  Alexander,  located  at 
the  westerly  base  of  the  Shoshone  mountains, 
in  Nye  county.  This  may  be  a  good  property, 
though  the  neighborhood  has,  in  times  past, 
been  less  noted  for  its  successes  than  its  failures. 
In  the  Columbus  district,  the  Mount  Potosi 
group  of  mines  has  been  opened  under  promis- 
ing conditions,  the  ore  developments  being 
already  large  and  the  management  an  excep- 
tionally good  one,  being  the  same  that  engi- 
neered the  Noithern  Belle,  lying  near  by,  to  its 
great  success. 

Work  has  been  Resumed 
During  the  year  on  several  of  the  old  mines  in 
the  State,  upon  some  of  which  it  had  for  a  long 
time  been  suspended  or  been  prosecuted  without 
system  or  energy.  In  this  list  we  have  the 
Highbridge,  at  Belmont,  which  an  Eastern 
company,  after  an  expenditure  of  nearly  a  mil- 
lion dollars,  disposed  of  to  a  party  of  practical 
miners  for  less  than  a  tithe  of  that  sum.     Since 


Table    Showing:    the    Annual    and   Total   Yield    of  Bullion    in    the    States    and    Terri- 
tories   West   of  the    Mlesouri    River. 


California, 


IM-i  . 
L8S0, 
185'.'.. 

1861.. 

1856.. 

■ 

■ 

1863 

1-  i 
I 

. 
I 
1861., 

18T0 

1*71 

IV,'.' 

1879  . 
1874 

LSI  ... 
1870.. 
1877 . . 

ih;.s.. 


23,000,000 

59,000.000 
60,000,000 
90,000.000 

64,000,(  DO 

■ 

b3.UU0.OUJ 

yi.ouo.ooo 

61,600.000 

J6.O0U.000 
3o,UUU,UU0 

■ 

22.uuu.uoo 
28.000.000 

19,000,000 

18  000,000 

17.7UO.OOO 

iy.uuu.uoo 

I-  174,716 
[8,990  LSI 


-     160,000 

12,600.000 
10.800,000 

16,000,000 

U,5UU,U0*i 
16,000,000 

25,01)0.000 
36,300.000 

■lu.Ouu,  uuu 
19,300, 000 

■ 


Idaho     Colorado  vjjjjj^j     '  *h       Arizona 


I    600,000 

M.OUU.OOO 

ls.uou.ouu 

15,000,000 
10.000,000 

9,000.000 
6.000,000 

...INKI.UUU 

6.000.000 
3,500,000 

2.8uu.000i 
2,644,912 


-  500.0DQ 

6,500,000 
8,000,000 

6,600.000 

7.0UO.UU0 

7,1 I 

t;.iou,uu) 

6,000,000 

■ 

■ 

2,000,000 

1,700,000 
1,832,  I  15 

1  M     L22 


s  100,000 

1,000,000 
2,000,000 

3,100.000 

1,000,000 
3. '200.  OOO; 
4,300.1.100' 

4,100,000 
5.000,000 
&400lOOO 

7.000.000 

6,234747 


<  500.000 
600,000 
600.000 

600. 0OU 

600.000 
500,000 

7u0,0u0 
1,500,000 
2,000,00c 

2,300,000 

2,000,000 
2,000,000 

3,000,000 

4.000,000 

3;  000,0001 

3. 000.  UNi 


Vu 


8  lm.uu.1 

aoo.000 

150.000 

150.000 

1*00.00.1  .... 

200.000 

300.000 

500,000 

l.ooo.oon 

800,000      ... 

KOU.IHHI      .... 

600,000    ..    . 

500,000 

500.000! 

500.000 

1,400,0008  600,000 

2.3J!t.>22   1, '.1  U.O00 
1.267.03:-     O.i-i.  1. hi;:     ■„'.:'*;. '.*$3  2,215.804 


W.V.K 

inv. 


1,501  i,lNi,i 

800,000 

1,300,000 

1,300,000 

1.264,223 


!.i.  0,01 0 

7,000,000 

5,600.0  0 
7,113.755 


100,000  .. 
500,0008 
500,000 

500,000 

:111.1,111m 
500,000 
500,000 
000,000' 
500, 0U0 
370,010 


453.813 


150,000 

I:\imiim 

|;-.(Hi,i(J 

150,0(10 

100, 

100,000 

100,000 

lcn.uoo 

1I...MHHI 

100, ' 


Tolal..  1,184.095.177  431,762,230  1  I  ".717  50,846,296  (5,271.258  40,218,368  12,570,705  4,315,804'  5.032.823  1.200.000 


resuming  operations  there  the  present  owners 
have  recovered  the  faulted  lode  and  are  in  a 
fair  way  to  realize  a  fortune  from  their  pur- 
chase At  the  town  of  Aurora,  in  the  Esme- 
ralda district,  a  shaft  is  being  sunk  to  explore 
a  series  of  the  more  promising  lodes  iu  that 
locality,  which,  after  some  superficial  prospect- 
ing, was  abandoned  many  years  ago.  As  the 
parties  who  have  engaged  in  this  enterprise 
have  ample  means  and  design  making  a 
thorough  job  of  it,  it  may  be  expected  that 
something  determinate  of  the  merits  of  this 
once  noted  district  will  be  reached  before  long. 
With  this  revival  of  work  at  some  points,  is  to 
be  coupled  its  suspension  at  some  others.  In 
the  unfortunate  White  Pine  district,  the  Eng- 
lish company,  about  the  only  live  institution 
there,  have,  after  keeping  up  the  struggle  for  a 
long  time,  ceaseil  operations,  but  whether  per- 
manently or  temporarily  we  are  not  advised. 
In  the  Mineral  Hill  and  in  the  Grant  districts, 
where  also  English  capital  was  interested, 
operations  drag  slowly  or  have  come  to  a  dead 
stop.  As  cause  for  both  surprise  and  regret  it 
is  to  be  observed  that  some  Nevada  companies, 
which  for  a  series  of  years  had  conducted  their 
affairs  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  shareholders, 
have  lately  fallen  into  disfavor,  the  Manhattan 
being  an  example  of  those  that  have  most 
recently  passed  under  the  cloud.  There  has 
also  been  much  murmuring  at  the  manner  in 
which  some  of  the  mines  in  the  Tusearora  and 
the  Ely  districts  have  been  managed  of  late, 
and  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  with  the  incoming 
year  such  reforms  will  be  instituted  both  in 
this  State  aud[elsewhere,as  will  leave  less  cause 
for  these  complaints  in  the  future. 
Of  Arizona 

It  may  be  said,  that  while  she  has  not  quite 
made  good  the  predictions  of  her  more  sanguine 
friends,  she  has  still  done  much  during  the  past 
year  to  Bustain  her  good  fame  as  a  mining 
country.  Besides  making  a  very  creditable 
production  of  bullion,  she  has  added  consid- 
erably to  her  population,  increased  her  live 
stock  of  all  kinds,  as  well  as  her  farming  pro- 
ducts. A  large  extent  of  new  mining  territory 
has  been  explored  and  some  important  mineral 
discoveries  made  ;  and  what  is  of  more  conse- 
quence still,  the  Southern  Pacific  railroad 
which  had  before  reached  her  western  border, 
has  again  been  started  ahead,  and  is  rapidly 
advancing  centrally  across  the  Territory.  With 
this  road  once  extended  to  her  more  important 
mining  districts,  as  it  soon  will  be,  all  her  vital 
interests  will  be  greatly  quickened  and  Arizona 
begin  to  realize  something  of  that  prosperity, 
which  though  often  predicted  for  her,  has  been 
long  postponed. 

Of  our  Other  Pacific  States  and  Territories 
It  will  suffice  to  say  the  mining  outlook  is 
everywhere  full  of  encouragement.  Utah,  dis. 
pite  the  drawbacks  already  mentioned,  is 
believed  to  be  entering  upon  a  year  of  renewed 
prosperity.  Colorado,  also,  seems  on  the  eve  of 
a  new  and  better  era  in  her  mining  industries  ; 
great  gains  having  been  made  in  the  methods  of 
treating  her  refractory  ores,  and  some  very 
important  mineral  discoveries  having  recently 
been  made  within  her  borders.  Montana, 
having  lately  taken  a  forward  step,  will  not  be 
likely  to  come  at  once  to  a  dead  halt  in  her 
progress.  The  extension  of  the  Northern  Utah 
narrow-guage  railroad  is  beginning  to  tell  with 
good  effect  on  the  mining  interests  of  both 
Montana  and  Idaho.  Gold  mining  in  Oregon  is 
in  a  very  healthful  condition,  the  production  this 
year  promising  to  be  much  larger  than  ever 
before.  According  to  the  accounts  from  New 
Mexico,  that  Territory  is  almost  sure  to  do 
better  this  year  than  she  did  last;  while  Dakota, 
if  the  newspapers  there  speak  truely,  is  going  to 
speedily  exalt  herself  as  a  gold -producing 
country. 

Wave  Power. — Mr.  Filmer,  the  foreman  at 
Painter's  Type  Foundry,  has  constructed  a  cost- 
ly model  of  a  machine  invented  by  him  to  util- 
ize wave  power,  which  can  be  seen  at  Mr.  How- 
land's  office,  No.  401  California  St.  He  employs 
a  float  about  24x4  feet,  which  rises  and  falls 
with  each  wave,  working  a  lever,  and  in  that 
manner  pumping  water  to  any  desirable  alti- 
tude. 


Coal  and  Mineral  Lands  as  Agricultural 
Lands. 

While  the  Interior  Department  and  the  War 
Department  are  disputing  about  Indian  bu- 
reaus and  surveys,  a  special  agent  has  been  sent 
to  Colorado,  from  the  General  Land  Office,  who 
haBjust  reported'  (says  the  Washington  Land 
Owner),  that  a  large  number  of  fraudulent  en- 
tries have  beeu  made  of  coal  lands,  as  agricul- 
tural lands.  The  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  on 
the  5th  inst.,  submitted  his  reports  on  the  sub- 
ject to  the  Attorney  General;  and  the  question 
now  is,  whether  the  patents  shall  be  cancelled 
through  the  courts  '! 

The  law  and  the  precedents  in  such  cases,  are 
simply  intended  to  prevent  great  tractB  of  coal 
or  mineral  lands  from  getting  locked  up  in  the 
hands  of  speculators,  who  will  do  nothing  with 
them.  But  miUions  of  acres  of  coal  underlying 
whole  counties  of  agricultural  lands,  have  been 
settled  upon,  all  overthe  United  States,  and  have 
never  been  known  as  anj'thing  else  than  farm- 
ing lands.  If  the  Attorney  General  understands 
the  matter  therefore,  in  cases  of  this  kind, 
where  there  has  been  no  intentional  fraud  or 
subverstion  of  the  law,  he  will  refer  the  whole 
question  back  to  the  Interior  Department  with 
a  note. 

It  might  run  to  this  effect;  That  the  only 
way  for  the  Department  to  avoid  being  "  de- 
frauded of  large  sums  of  money"  by  pre-emp- 
tions of  coal  or  mineral  lands,  will  be  to  insti- 
tute a  segregation  of  the  lands  by  geological 
survey.  It  would  not  be  difficult  for  the  De- 
partment to  obtain,  from  the  maps  of  such  a 
survey,  areas  in  which  the  surface  is  most  valu- 
able, separated  from  others  where  the  coal  or 
material  under  the  surface,  is  the  most  valuable. 
How  else  can  the  matter  be  determined  equit- 
ably ? 

The  Land  Office  plats  ought  to  show  what  the 
Government  is  selling.  It  is  not  fraud  to  buy 
agricultural  lands  as  such,  from  the  Govern- 
ment, merely  because  the  seller  afterwards  dis- 
covers some  accessory  value  attaching  to  it,  or 
because  he  suspects  that  the  buyer  knew  it  be- 
fore him.  The  Land  Office  is  holding  out  a  pre- 
mium for  perjury,  without  preventing  coal  land 
monopoly  in  the  slightest  degree. 

In  the  organization  of  the  geographical  and 
geological  surveys  hereafter,  the  wants  of  the 
Land  Office,  if  not  placed  foremost,  should  cer- 
tainly not  be  overlooked.  It  is  nearest  to  the 
material  wants  of  the  people;  and  its  surveys 
and  maps  are  most  directly  concerned  with  the 
development  of  the  soil  and  of  the  mine.  The 
Pacific  States  and  Territories  are  more  inter 
ested  even  in  the  coal  land  question  than  is 
commonly  supposed. 


Bathing  House  and  Swimming  School.— 
There  is  a  laudable  movement  on  foot  to  estab 
lish  a  first-class  bathing  house  and  swimming 
school  at  North  Beach,  S.  F.  The  plans  include 
a  handsome  building  with  swimming  circle, 
dressing  rooms,  private  baths,  etc.,  below;  and 
furnished  apartments  above.  A  prospectus  has 
been  issued  by  E.  M.  Morgan  and  J.  L.  Sanford 
as  managing  agents,  in  which  those  seeking 
enterprises  for  the  investment  of  money,  are  in- 
vited to  subscribe  to  the  stock  of  this  institu- 
tion. The  agents  are  at  No.  80  Nevada  block, 
where  full  drawings  and  proposed  details  of 
plans,  prospects,  etc.,  can  be  had  by  those 
interested. 


Automatic  Grip  for  Wire  Tramways. — 
Mr.  John  Samson,  C.  E.,  of  this  city,  has  invented 
a  grip  for  wire  rope  tramways  for  mineral  traffic. 
The  novelty  consists  in  that  the  cars  are  rapidly 
attached  to  the  rope  and  may  be  detached  at 
any,.point  on  the  road  required,  by  simply 
putting  a  stop  to  touch  a  trigger  on  the  connect- 
ing bar.  Thus  the  necessity  of  conductors  on 
the  cars  is  avoided,  and  cars  loaded  with  mineral 
or  grain  can  be  dispatched  in  frequent  succession 
without  trouble  or  attendance. 


An  American  bank  is  about  to  be  established 
at  the  city  of  Mexico. 


A  Paper  of  General  Interest. 

We  invite  attention  to  our  "Annual  Mining 
Review"   published  in  this  issue  of  the  Press. 

While  it  is  impossible  to  speak  of  particular 
localities  or  properties  with  much  detail,  where 
such  a  great  extent  of  country  has  to  be  gone 
over,  there  will  be  found  in  this  article  much  to 
interest  the  mining  public,  as  well  as  matter 
calculated  to  command  the  attention  of  the 
respective  advocates  of  a  mono -metallic,  a  bi- 
metallic aud  a  non-metaUic  currency.  Through 
the  several  tables  presented  in  this  report  much 
light  is  thrown  upon  tho  question  of  bullion 
production,  the  annual  and  the  total  yield  of 
gold  and  silver,  as  well  as  the  comparative 
increase  of  these  two  metals;  both  upon  this 
coast  and  throughout  the  entire  country  being 
thereiu  set  forth.  These  tables  have  been  com- 
piled from  the  most  trustworthy  sources,  and 
may  be  accepted  as  containing  the  most  author- 
itative figures  on  this  subject  extant.  By  con- 
sulting them  it  will  be  seen  that  the  opinion  so 
generally  entertained  that  the  production  of 
silver  has  of  late  been  largely  in  excess  of  that 
of  gold  is  not  well  founded.  Only  in  a  single 
year  has  this  occurred,  the  aggregate  value  of 
the  gold  produced  in  the  United  States  having 
beeu  nearly  four  times  as  great  as  that  of  silver; 
and  it  is  probable  that  nearly  the  same  ratio  of 
increase  has  during  the  past  25  or  30  years  held 
good  the  world  over.  When  the  Comstock  lode 
was_first  discovered  the  most  exaggerated  reports 
as  to  its  L'reat  wealth,  spread  rapidly  over  the 
world,  the  impression  everywhere  obtaining 
that  it  was  purely  a  silver-bearing  lode.  This 
having  been  followed  soon  after  by  equally 
exaggerated  reports  of  like  discoveries  elsewhere 
on  this  coast,  the  above  erroneous  impression 
was  intensified  to  a  degree  that  filled  the  nations 
with  apprehensions  of  an  immediate  silver  glut; 
hence  thecrusadeagainst  this  metal  and  its  partial 
demonetization  by  some  of  the  leading  nations 
of  Europe.  It  subsequently  transpired  that  the 
Comstock  ores  carried  nearly  as  much  gold  as 
silver,  aud  that  the  rumored  discoveries  of  this 
latter  metal  in  other  parts  of  the  country  had 
but  little  to  justify  them.  But  it  took  years  to 
bring  these  facts  home  to  the  knowledge  of  peo- 
ple abroad,  and  eradicate  from  the  popular 
mind  these  false  impressions.  With  these  mis- 
taken notions  corrected,  it  may  be  expected 
that  more  just  and  enlightened  opinions  upon 
the  subject  of  the  currency  will  prevail,  and 
that  both  of  the  royal  metals  will  continue  to 
be  employed  for  effecting  exchanges  and  measur- 
ing values. 

The  "Golden  Mountain"  and  the  Oranges. 

Mr.  Kedding's  paper  on  the  "Foothills  of  the 
Sierra,"  on  our  inside  pages,  gives  original  facts 
of  importance  in  regard  to  that  interesting  re- 
gion. First,  the  geological  formations  are  de- 
scribed, furnishing  the  foundation  on  which  the 
horticulturist  has  to  build.  The  curiouB  fact 
that  the  climate  of  the  foothills  is  more  even 
day  and  night,  and  less  marred  by  frosts  inju- 
rious to  semi-tropical  fruits,  than  the  valleys  of 
the  Sacramento  and  San  Joaquin,  is  precisely 
and  authentically  stated;  and  the  cause  thereof 
is  clearly  explained. 

Nothing  is  wanting  to  make  the  foothills  one 
of  the  most  beautiful,  and  the  richest  of  horti- 
cultural regions  in  the  world,  but  making  use 
of  the  provisions  for  irrigation  which  the  Sierra 
Nevada  so  abundantly  afford,  and  directing 
them  so  that  the  individual  land  holder  may 
derive  a  fair  benefit  from  them.  Examples  of 
what  can  be  done  in  this  respect  are  not  want- 
ing; but  the  work  is  scarcely  begun. 

Corporations  will  not  monopolize  the  water 
rights  and  the  rainfall,  when  the  day  arrives 
for  the  foothills  to  be  prosperous.  The  people 
who  undertake  to  make  homes  there,  will  have 
an  interest  in  the  bounty  that  comes  from 
heaven.  As  it  has  to  be  impounded,  however, 
in  reservoirs,  and  led  long  distances  in  ditches, 
the  corporations  that  have  done  the  work  so  far, 
are  the  first  to  reap  the  benefits. 

If  the  land  holder  can  be  protected  from  un- 
reasonable exactions,  while  he  is  furnished  with 
only  a  little  water  to  irrigate,  his  home  in  the 
foothills  of  the  Sierra  will  be  blest  with  such 
rare  advantages  that  the  combination  seems 
certainly  unequaled,  in  most  other  parts  of  the 
world. 

The  Presidio  Railroad  Company,  of  which 
Messrs.  A.  E,  Baldwin,  A.  S.  Hallidie,  A.  W. 
Bowman,  Albert  Miller  and  others  are  direct- 
ors, has  issued  a  circular  with  a  fine  map, 
showing  the  route  of  their  proposed  double 
track  wire  cable  railroad  along  New  Mont- 
gomery and  Union  streets.  It  is  expected  that 
North  Beach  and  Fort  Point  real  estate  will 
be  greatly  enhanced,  and  that  the  road  will 
pay  well;  propositions  that  can  hardly  be 
doubted.  That  portion  of  San  Francisco  has 
the  best  outlook. 


A  double  size  issue  of  the  Mining  and  Scien- 
tific Press,  containing  eight  extra  pages,  with 
an  article  and  map  of  Sonora,  Mexico,  will  ap- 
pear on  the  25th  inst.  Other  original  articles, 
of  scientific  as  well  as  industrial  importance,  that 
have  been  prepared  for  the  Press,  will  be  pub« 
lished  at  the  same  time. 


42 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[January  18,   1879. 


v&&^  *  Co-;© 
Scientific  Press 


Our  U.  S.  and  Foreign  Patent 
Agency  presents  many  and  im- 
portant advantages  as  a  Home 
Agency  over  all  others,  by  rea- 
son of  long  establishment,  great 
experience,  thorough  system  and 
intimate  acquaintance  with  the 
subjects  of  inventions  in  our 
new  community.  All  worthy  in- 
ventions patented  through  our 
Agency  will  have  the  benefit  of 
a  description  or  an  illustration 
and  explanation  in  the  Mining 
and  Scientific  Press  or  the  Pa- 
cific Rural  Press.  We  trans- 
act every  branch  of  Patent  busi- 
ness, and  obtain  Patents  in  all 
civilized  countries.  The  large 
majority  of  U.  S.  and  Foreign 
Patents  granted  to  inventors  on 
the  Pacific  Coast  have  been  ob- 
ained  through  our  Agency.  The 
files  of  cases  and  official  records 
in  our  office,  our  patent  law  and 
scientific  library  (already  the  lar- 
gest west  of  the  Mississippi),  are 
constantly  increasing.  These  fa- 
cilities, with  the  accumulation  of 
information  of  special  importance 
to  our  home  inventors,  by  the 
experience  of  its  proprietors  in 
an  extensive  and  long  continued 
personal  practice,  gives  them 
combined  advantages  greater 
than  any  other  agents  can  possi- 
bly offer  to  Pacific  Coast  invent- 
ors. Circulars  of  advice,  free. 
DEWEY  &    CO., 

Patent   Solicitors, 

No.  202  Sansome  St.,  S.  F. 


UNITED    STATES 
Mineral  Land    Laws,  Revised    Statutes 

AND    INSTRUCTIONS    AND    FORMS 
UNDER  THE  SAME. 

We  have  just  issued  a  pamphlet  containing  the  General 
Mineral  Land  LawB  of  the  United  States,  with  instructions 
of  the  Commissioner  of  the  Land  Office.  The  contents  of 
this  pamphlet  comprise  all  of  the  Government  laws  with 
relation  to  mineral  lands  of  interest  to  the  mining  com- 
munity, as  follows:  Mining  Statute  of  May  10th,  1872, 
with  Instructions  by  the  Commissioner  of  the  Land  Office; 
Mining  Statute  of  July  26th,  lSGn;  Mining  Statute  of  July 
9th,  1870.  Forms  required  under  Mining  Act  of  May  10th, 
1872,  as  follows:  Notice  of  Location;  Request  for  Surveys; 
Application  for  Patent;  Proof  of  Posting  Notice  and  lW 
gram  of  the  Claim;  Proof  that  Plat  aud  Notice  remained 
Posted  on  Claim  during  Time  of  Publication;  Registers' 
Certificate  of  Posting  Notice  for  Sixty  Days;  Agreement  of 
Publisher;  Proof  of  Publication;  Affidavit  of  §500  Im- 
provements; Statement  and  Charge  of  Fees;  Proof  of 
Ownership  and  Possession  in  Case  of  Loss  or  absence  of 
Mining  Records;  Affidavit  of  Citizenship;  Certificate  that 
no  Suit  is  Pending;  Power  of  Attorney;  Protest  and  Ad- 
verse Claim;  Non-Mineral  Affidavit;  Proof  that  no  Known 
Veins  Exist  in  a  Placer  Claim,  etc.  There  is  also  given 
the  U.  S.  Coal  Land  Law  and  Regulations  thereunder. 
The  work  comprises  thirty  pages,  and  will  he  sold,  post- 
free,  for  50  cents.  It  should  be  in  the  hands  of  every 
one  having  any  mining  interests.  DEWEY  &  CO., 

Publishers  of  the  Mining  and  Scientific  Press,"  S.  F. 


—  IN  A  — 

FAVORABLE   LOCATION, 

GUARANTEEING- 

Sure  Crops  Every   Year. 

The  Reading  Ranch, 

In  the  Upper  Sacramento  Valley,  originally  em- 
bracing over  26,000  acres  of 

Choice  Grain,  Orchard  and  Pasture  Land, 

Is  now  offered  for  sale  at  low  prices  and  on 
favorable  terms  of  payment, 

In  Sub-Divisions  to  Suit  Purchasers. 

The  ranch  was  selected  at  an  early  day  by 
Major  P.  B.  Reading,  one  of  the  largest  pioneer 
and  owners  in  California.  It  is  situated  on 
the  west  side  of  the  Sacramento  River  and  ex- 
tends some  20  miles  along  its  bank. 

The  average  rainfall  is  about  30  inches  per 
annum,  and  crops  have  never  been  known  to 
fail  from  drouth. 

The  climate  is  very  healthful  and  compar- 
tively  desirable.  The  near  proximity  of  high 
mountain  peaks  gives  cool  nights  during  the 
"heated  terms"  which  occur  in  our  California 
summers. 

Soft  well  water — remarkably  sweet,  pure  and 
healthy — is  obtainable  at  a  depth  of  from  15  to 
35  feet. 

Wood  is  plentiful  and  easy  to  get. 

Figs,  Grapes,  Peaches,  Prunes,  Almonds,  En- 
glish "Walnuts,  Oranges  and  other  temperate 
and  semi-tropical  fruits  can  be  raised  with  suc- 
cess on  most  of  the  tract.  Also,  Vegetables, 
Corn  and  all  other  cereals  ordinarily  grown  in 
the  State. 

A  considerable  amount  of  the  rich  bottom 
land  has  already  been  cultivated. 

Deep  Soil  With  Lasting  Qualities. 

The  soil  throughout  the  tilled  portions  of  the 
ranch  proves  to  be  of  great  depth  and  enduring 
in  its  good  qualities.  It  is  quite  free  from  foul 
growths.  The  virgin  soil  among  the  large  oak 
trees  on  the  bottom  land  is  easily  broken  up 
and  cultivated. 

The  California  and  Oregon  railroad  traverses 
nearly  the  entire  length  of  the  tract.  There 
are  several  sections,  stations  and  switches,  be- 
sides depots  at  the  towns  .of  Anderson  and 
Reading — all  of  which  are  located  within  the 
limits  of  the  ranch. 

Land  suitable  for  settlers  in  colonies  can  be 
obtained  on  good  terms. 

Are  offered  for  sale  in  Reading,  situated  on  the 
Sacramento  River,  at  the  present  terminus  of 
the  railroad.  It  is  the  converging  and  distrib- 
uting point  for  large,  prosperous  mining  and 
agricultural  districts  in  Northern  California  and 
Southern  Oregon.  Also,  lots  in  the  town  o 
Anderson,  situated  more"  centrally  on  the 
ranch.  Lots  in"  both  these  towns  are  offered 
at  a  bargain,  for  the  purpose  of  building  up  the 
towns  and  facilitating  settlement  of  the  ranch. 

Purchasers  are  invited  to  come  and  see  the 
lands  before  buying  here  or  elsewhere.  Apply 
on  the  ranch,  to  the  proprietor, 

EDWARD  PRISBIE, 
Anderson,  Shasta  Co..  Cal. 


The  "  California  Legal  Record." 

The  ONLY  WEEKLY  containing-  all  the 

decisions  of  trie  Supreme  Court 

of  California, 

(The  only  complete  continuation  of  the  8.  F.  Law  Journal.) 

Published  every  Saturday,  in  8  vo.  size— like  the  California 

Reports— contains  every  decision  of  the  Supreme  Court, 

as  fast  as  rendered,  with  a  syllabus  aud  statement  of  facts, 

and  other  important  legal  matter.    The  volumes  commence 

on  the  first  of  October  and  April  each,  and  have  a  full  index 

for  reference  and  binding. 

REDUCED  PKKJK,  only  $5.50  per  year,  or  S3  per  volume 
of  six  months.  Remit  by  Postal  Order  or  Registered  Letter, 
specifying  what  date  or  number  to  commence.  Back  num- 
bers furnished.     Siimph!  numbers  sent  free.    Address, 

F.  A.  SCOFIELD  .V  CO.,  Publishers  and  Prop's. 
No.  603  Washington  street,  San  Francisco.  Cal. 


The  Large  Circulation  of  the  Min- 
ing  and  Scientific  Press  extends  through- 
out the  mining  districts  of  California,  Nevada, 
Utah,  Colorado,  Arizona,  Idaho,  Montana- 
British  Columbia,  and  to  other  parts  of  North 
and  South  America.  Established  in  1860,  it 
has  long  been  the  leading  Mining  Journal  of 
the  continent,  its  varied  and  reliable  contents 
giving  it  a  character  popular  with  both  its 
reading  and  advertising  patrons. 


Important  to  Contractors 


SUBMARINE   BUILDERS. 

William  Stack, 
of  Oakland,  has 
recently  patent- 
ed through  the 
Miking  ahd  Sci- 
entific Press 
Patent  Agency, 
an  apparatus  for 
driving  nails  or 
spikes  under  wa- 
ter, an  engrav- 
ing of  which  is 
here  shown.  It 
is  well-known 
that  it  is  ex- 
tremely difficult 
to  drive  nails  or 
spikes  under  wa- 
ter, even  if  it  is 
only  submerged 
a  few  inches. 
These  difficulties 
are  completely 
obviated  by  Mr. 
S  tack's  device, 
which  has  been 
put  in  thoiough 
practical  opera- 
ion  in  the  con- 
itruction  of 
_^ vharvea  and 
IHig^^lips  in  the  Oak- 
land side  of  the 
>ay. 
Fig.  1  shows 
ggjt  h  e  application 
if  the  device, 
nd  Fig.  2  shows 
he  construction. 
= __^f  A  is  a  metal  tube 
Hfp^  of  suitable 
length,  the  foot  of  which  may  be  serrated  as  shown,  so 
that  the  points  will  engage  with  the  wood  when  the  tube 
is  pushed  or  driven  against  it.  The  rod  or  driver,  C,  has 
a  recess  or  cavity,  D,  at  the  lower  end  so  as  to  rest  on 
top  of  the  nail  or  spike  shown  in  Fig.  2.  Where  the  tube, 
A,  is  pushed  against  the  timber  in  the  desired  position, 
the  spike  or  nail  is  dropped  in  at  the  upper  end  and  slides 
down  against  the  timber.  The  rod,  C,  is  then  slid  down 
on  top  of  the  nail,  and  by  alternately  drawing  out  and 
forcing  the  rod  into  the  tube,  the  rod  serves  as  a  driver;  or 
by  hammering  on  the  upper  end  of  the  rod  the  nail  is 
driven  into  the  wood.  The  tube  answers  both  as  a  guide 
for  the  nail  and  driving  rod.  The  tube  can  also  answer  as 
a  guide  for  a  screw-driving  device  on  the  end  of  the  rod, 
by  which  lag  screws  may  be  put  in  place  under  water  as 
well  as  nails.  Of  course  the  tube  may  be  set  in  any  posi- 
tion desired,  so  that  nails  may  be  driven  at  an  angle  if 
necessary.  The  appliance,  as  simple  as  it  is,  will  be  found 
very  useful  in  many  cases  for  bridge  building  or  similar 
purposes.     Address, 

WM.    STACK, 

N.  E.  Cor.  Fifth  and  Harrison  Sts.,  OAKLAND,  Alameda 
County,  California. 


Barlow  J. Smith.  M.  D. 

Consulting    Physician, 

Professor  of  Phrenology  and 
Mental  Hygiene. 

Proprietor  of  the  Smithsonian  Medical  and  Phrenologies 

Destitute,  635  California  Street,  above  Kearny. 

This  Institute,  by  combining  medical  hygiene  with  the 
various  Water  Cure  treatments  and  tbe  most  powerful  Elec- 
trized Jlorseshoe  Magnet  in  the  world,  claims  to  cure  speed- 
ily and  permanently  all  forms  of  acute  or  chronic  nervo- 
vital  derangements,  Brain,  Spinal  and  Heart  diseases,  St. 
Vitus  Dance,  Palsy,  Epilepsy  and  all  Rheumatic,  Liver  and 
Kidney  troubles.  The  institution  has  for  the  past  20  years 
made  a  specialty  of  treating  all  forms  of  weaknesses  and  dis- 
eases peculiar  to  males  and  females.  By  the  use  of  hygienic 
remedies  and  electro-motorpathy  the  worst  forme  of  lmpo- 
tency  and  seminal  weakness  in  males  and  sterility  in  fe- 
males are  speedily  and  permanently  overcome.  Hygienic 
board,  with  or  without  rooms.  Terms  moderate.  Electro- 
thermal, Russo-Turkish  and  Medicated  Baths    given  daily. 

Mrs.  Dr.  Smith  as  Matron  has  charge  of  the  female  bath- 
ing department. 

Dr.  Smith  has  practiced  Phrenology  the  past  30  years, 
and  during  the  last  20  years  has  been  constantly  using  the 
science  connected  with  Physiognomy,  in  examining  or  diag- 
nosing disease  in  this  city,  and  claims  to  have  made  discov- 
eries in  the  Science  of  Phrenology  that  enables  him,  by  an 
examination  of  the  head,  even  blindfolded,  to  determine  the 
disease  to  which  the  person  is  constitutionally  subject,  or 
whether  the  disease  at  the  time  afflicting  the  person,  is  the 
result  of  accident  or  hereditary  weakness  ;  whether  Con- 
sumptive, Dyspeptic,  Rheumatic,  Apoplectic,  Neu- 
ralgic, LEUCORRHC3AL,or  Seminal.  Especially  doe3  the 
form  of  the  head  indicate  the  strength  of  the  uterine,  geni- 
tal or  reproductive  system.  The  head  is  also  an  index  of  the 
natural  strength  of  the  lungs,  heart,  stomach,  liver,  kidneys, 
Bpleen,  back  or  vertebra,  and  it  determines  the  power  of  the 
system  in  warding  off  and  overcoming  disease  of  all  kinds. 

Ladies  or  gentlemen,  desirous  of  obtaining  a  thorough  and 
correct  Phrenological  examinations  with  Fowler  and  Wells' 
harts,  will  meet  with  a  respecful  reception  at  his  consulting 
rooms.  Parties  can  depend  upon  a  reliablejdelineation  of 
the  character  of  their  intimate  male  or  female  friends,  by 
presenting  a  clearly  denned  photograph. 

Phrenological  or  Physiognomical  examinations  without 
charts,  $1.50  ;  with  charts,  from  $2  t'o  $3. 

INVITATION  TO  INVALIDS 
And  all  persons  who  are  in  any  way  out  of  health,  who  de- 
sire to  know  the  nature  and  causes  of  their  disease,  may 
avail  themselves  of  an  examination  through  phrenology  in 
regard  to  health  free  of  charge,  between  the  hours  of  9  A.  M. 
and  8  P.  M.    Sundays  from  9  a   m.  to  12  M. 


Prompt  and  Successful.— Messrs.  Dewey  &  Co:— Gei. 
tlemen:  Your  Circular  letter,  12tn  inst.,  informing  me  of 
successful  termination  of  my  application  for  patent  re- 
ceived. Please  accept  thanks  for  the  prompt  and  suc- 
cessful manner  in  which  you  have  managed  this  business 
Yours  respectfully,  J.  H.  Cavabaugh. 

WaUa  Walla,  Dee.  24th. 


Engraving  done  at  this  office, 


Wm  Rectory. 


WM.   BARTLING.  HENRY  KIMBALL 

BARTLING    &    KIMBALL, 
BOOKBINDERS, 

Paper  Rulers  &  Blank  Book  Manufacturers. 
505  Clay  Street,  (southwest  corner  Sansome), 

SAN  FRANCISCO. 


Lewib  Pbtehson. 


Joiin  Olsson. 


PETERSON   &.  OLSSONi 

Model  Makers,  and  Manufacturers  of  Em- 
blematic Signs.    Models  for  the  Patent 
Office,  in  wood  or  Metal,  a  Specialty, 

NO-   328   BUSH   STREET, 

Bet.  Montgomery  and  Kearny,  (up  stairs),  San  Francisco. 
All  kinds  of  tin,  copper  and  brass  work  made  to  order. 


San  Francisco  Cordage  Company. 

Established    1856. 

We  have  just  added  a  large  amount  of  new  machinery  of 
the  latest  and  most  improved  kind,  and  are  again  prepared 
to  fill  orders  for  Rope  of  any  special  lengths  and  sizes.  Con- 
stantly on  hand  a  large  stock  of  Manila  Rope,  all  sizes: 
Tarred  Manila  Rope;  Hay  Rope;  Whale  Line,  etc  ,  etc. 
TUBBS  &  CO., 
611  and  613  Front  Street,  San  Francisco 


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MANUFACTURED  BY 


ZE3I.   ROYEB, 

Nog.  855,  857,  859  &  861  Bryant  Street,  Cor.  Park  Avenuo 

SAN    FRANCISCO, 


Mcdonald  &  johnsofs 

STYLOGRAPH, 

— OR— 

Rapid  Letter  Copying  Books, 

Making  Instantaneous  Copying-same  moment  of  Writing, 
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Address, 


STYLOGRAPH    CO., 

12  California  St.,  San  Francisco, 


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L.  &  E,  WERTHHEIMER,  Ag'tS,  San  Francisco. 


January  18,51879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


43 


(fetalllirgy  apd  Ore?. 


Nevada    Metallurgical    Works, 

No-  23   STEVENSON  STREET. 
.Vur  First  and  Markul  Slrceta. 

Ores  worked  by  any  proceea. 
Ores  sampled. 

Assaying  in  all  its  branches. 
Analysis  of  Ores,  Minerals,  Waters,  etc. 
WtihKI.Mi  TsWTB  U 

Plans  furnished  for  the  most  suitable  process 
ior  working  Ores. 

Special    attention    paid   to    Examinations   of 
Mines;  plans  and  reports  furnished. 
E.  UUHN, 

C.  A.  LUCKHARDT, 
Mining-  Engineers  and  Metallurgists 


JOHN  TAYLOR  &  CO., 

Importers  of  and  Dealers  In 

ASSAYERS'  materials, 

CHEMICAL  APPARATUS  AND  CHEMICALS,  DRUG- 
GISTS' GLASSWARE  AND  SUNDRIES,  Etc. 

512  &  518  Washington  St.,  San  Francisco 

We  would  call  the  special  attention  of  Assayera,  Chem- 
ists, Mining  Companies.  Milling  Companies,    Prospectors, 

BO  .  ' ir    stock    "I    Clay  Crucibles,  Muffles,  Dry  Cups, 

etc,  manufactured  by  the  Patent  Plumbago  Cruci- 
ble Co.,  of  London,  England,  for  which  we  have 
been  made  Sol  Agmtajoi  the  Pacific  C»at>t.  Circulars 
with  prices  will  be  sent  upon  application. 

Also,  to  uur  large  and  well  adapted  stock  of 

Assayers'  Materials  &  Chemical  Apparatus, 

Having  been  engaged  in  furnishing  these  supplies  since 
liscovery  of  mines  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 
i3rOur  Gold  and  Sliver  Tables,  showing  the  value  per 
ounce  Troy  at  different  degrees  of  fineness,  and  valuable 
tables  for  computation  0!  assays  in  grains  and  gTummes, 
will  he  sent  free  upon  application. 

JOHN    TAYLOR    &    CO. 


A.  J.  Ralston,  Prea't.  Prextiss  Sklby,  Supt. 

H.  B.  Undrrhill,  Sec'y. 

Selby  Smelting  and  Lead  Co. 

Manufacturers  of 

Lead  Pipe.  Sheet  Lead, 

Drop,  Buck:  and  Chilled  Shot,  Bar  Lead.  Pig 

Lead,  Solder,  Anti-Friction  Metal,  Lead 

Sash-weights,  Lead  Traps,    Block 

Tin,    Pipe,    Blue    Stone,   Etc., 

Office,  216  Sansome  St.,  San  Francisco. 

Kenners  of    Gold    and    Silver    Bars  and    Lead    Bullion. 
Lead  and  Silver  Ores  purchased. 

Shot  Tower,  corner  First  and  Howard  streets.     Smelting 
Works,  North  Beach. 


LEOPOLD   KUH, 

(Formerly  o!  the  U.  S.  Branch  Mint,  S.  F.) 

Assayer   and    Metallurgical    Chemist, 

No.  611  COMMERCIAL  STREET, 
(Between  Montgomery  and  Kearny,) 

San  Francisco,  Cal. 


OTTOKAR  HOFMANN, 
METALLURGIST  and  MINING  ENGINEER, 

415  Mission  St,,  bet.  First  and  Fremont  Streets, 
SAN    FRANCISCO. 
iJSTErection  of  Leaching    Works  a  Specialty. 
jtSTLeaching  Tests  made. 


TK0S.   PRICE'S 

Assay    Office    and    Chemical 
Laboratory, 

624  Sacramento  St.,  S.  P. 


O.  F.  Dektkbn.  Wm.  E.  Smith, 

PIONEER    REDUCTION   WORKS, 

No.  19  Channel  Street,   San  Francisco,  Cal 
G.  F.  DEETKEN,  MANAGER. 

Hghest  price  paid  for  GOLD,  SILVER  and  Copper  Ores. 


METALLURGICAL    WORKS, 

STRONG    &    CO.,   10  Stevenson   Street, 

ORES  SAMPLED,  TESTED,  ASSAYED. 


GU  IDO      KUSTEL, 

MINING  ENGINEER  and  METALLURGIST. 

P.    O     Address:    ALAMEDA,     CAL. 

San  Lorenzo,  December  6th,  1S77. 
Messrs.  Dewev  &  Co.— Gentlemen:  I  received  the  Let- 
ters Patent  for  my  invention  on  the  5th  inst, ,  and  beg 
to  thank  you  for  the  gentlemanly  and  business-like  man 
ner  in  which  you  have  dealt  with  me  from  the  beginning 
of  my  application.  I  shall  always  feel  it  a  pleasure  to 
recommend  you  to  all  I  come  in  contact  with  who  need 
Letters  Patent.    Respectfully,  Wm.  Dale. 


In  consequence  of  spurious  imitations  of 

LEA    AND    PERRINS'    SAUCE, 

■which  are  calculated  to  deceive  the  Public,  Lea  and  Perriin 
have  adopted  A  NEW  LABEL,  bearing  their  Signature, 
thus. 


aZeasc&Lr. 


which  is  placed  on  eve*y  bottle  of  WORCESTERSHIRE 
SA  UCE,  and  without  which  none  is  genuine. 
Ask  for  LEA  &  PERRINS'  Sauce,  and  see  Name  on  Wrapper,  Label,  Bottle  and  Stopper. 
Wholesale  and  for  Export  by  the  Proprietors,  II  'orccster  ;  Crosse  and  Black-well,  London 
&c.,  &c. ;  and  by  Grocers  and  Oilmen  throfhout  the  Wo  Id. 

To  be  obtained  of  flROSS  &  CO..  San  PranciBco. 


SAVE    YOUR    GOLD  ! 


Highly  Important  to  Miners  and  Quartz  Mill  Men! 

0 

SILVER  PLATED  COPPER  AMALGAMATING  PLATES. 

The  BEST  PROCESS  yet  discovered  for    SAVING  FINE  GOLD.     Extensively  uaed  in 
Mines  and  Quartz  Mills.     Over  five  hundred  orders  have  been  tilled  for  these  Plates. 

SAN  FRANCISCO  GOLD,  SILVER,  NICKEL  AND  COPPER  PLATING  WORKS, 

Nos.  653  and  655  Mission  Street,  San  Francisco. 

E.    G.    DENNISTON, PROPRIETOR. 


Solon  B.  Williams. 


JVb.     4  Id     CLA.Y-    STUEJJEJT, 


North  Side, 

Above  Battery. 


D.  F.  HUTCHINGS. 


D.  M.  DUNNE. 


J.  SANDERSON 


PHCB2STIX    OIL    WORKS, 

HUTCHINGS     &    CO., 

OIL    and    COMMISSION    MERCHANTS, 

Manufacturers  and  Dealers  in  Sperm,  Wbale,  Lard,  Machinery  and  Illuminating  Oils. 
517    FRONT   STREET     SAN    FRANCISCO. 


DEFLECTORS, 
Or  Perkins  vs.   Hoskin. 

H.  C.  PERKINS  has  for  nearly  two  years  be  n  threaten- 
ing orally  and  through  the  Press  to  prosecute  ail  persons 
using  my  Patent  Deflecting  Nozzle,  but  for  good  reasons,  has 
failed  to  come  to  time.     I  waut  miners  to   understand  that 


Deflectors  are  still  manufactured  and  sold,  and  that  I  will 
defend  all  suits  and  assume  all  responsibility.  Mr.  P.  will 
confer  a  favor  if  he  will  carry  out  his  threat,  as  it  will  afford 
me  the  opportunity  I  desire  to  again  try  the  case,  and  he  can 
rest  assured  that  praft'ssitHuil  <lt/tl(rt:s  will  not  again  be  allowed 
to  temporarily  thwart  the  ends  of  justice, 

I  feel  confident  that  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United 
States  will  ultimately  decide  in  my  favor.  The  superiority  of 
my  invention  is  shown  by  the  means  which  Mr.  P  has  resort- 
ed to  in  trying  to  stop  my  sales.  Mr.  P.  has  so  degraded  him- 
Belf  as  to  circulate  statements  which  he  knows  to  be/aloeand 
malicious.  Notwithstanding  the  great  number  of  my  De- 
flectors in  use,  I  have  heard  of  but  one  accident,  and  this  was 
caused  by  the  breaking  of  the  iron  lever  from  a  defect  in  the 
material  and  great  carelessness  in  use.  This  circumstance 
Mr.  P.  has  magnified  into  several  deaths  and  numerous  acci- 
dents. 1  refer  to  the  following  owners  and  Managers  for 
testimonials  as  to  safety  and  efficiency.  Some  of  them  have 
used  and  discarded  Mr.  Perkins'  device  in  favor  of  my  much 
superior  one.  Messrs.  Gould,  Gold  Run,  using  4;  Spaulding, 
Dutch  Flat,  on  different  mines,  12;  Stone,  Gold  Run,  2; 
Morgan,  Little  York,  6.  Blabee,  Iowa  Hill,  2;  Briere  & 
Wheeler,  Bath,  2;  McGillivry.  Forest  Hill,  4;  Atkins,  Weav- 
erville,  2.  "I  could  mention  scores  of  others,  hut  these  are 
sufficient. 

Mr.  Perkins'  device  is  an  infringement  on  a  patent  owned 
by  Mr.  Craig,  who  is  about  to  institute  legal  proceedings  to 
protect  his  rights.  Miners  are  advised  to  stand  from  under. 
A  word  to  the  wise  is  sufficient.  R.  HOSKIN, 

Manufacturer  of  Machines  for  Hydraulic  Mining.    Address, 

No.  29  Garden  Street,  San  Francisco,  or  Empire  Foundry, 

Marysville,  Cal. 


South    Pacific    Coast    Railroad. 

New  Route  (Narrow-Gauge.) 

Commencing  Monday,  September  30th,  1878,  boats  and 
trains  will  leave  San  Francisco  daily  from  the  New  Ferry 
Landing,  foot  of  Market  street,  at  5:30  A.  M.,  9:00  A.  M.,  and 
4:00  p.  M.  for  ALAMEDA,  SAN  JOSE,  LOS  GATOS, 
ALMA,  and  all  way  stations. 

Stages  connect  with  9:00  A.  M.  train  at  Alma  for  Santa  Cruz. 

EXCURSION  TICKETS  will  be  sold  Saturday  afternoons 
and  Sunday  mornings  from  San  Francisco  and  Alameda  to 
San  Jose,  Los  Gatos,  and  Congress  Springs,  and  return,  at 
reduced  rates,  good  only  until  Monday  evening  following 
date  of  purchase. 

FERRIES  AND   LOCAL  TRAINS,   DAILY. 

From  San  Francisco.— 5:30,  f6:40,  9:00,  10:30  A.  M.j  1:30,  4:00, 

5:15,  6:30  p.  m. 
From  High  Street,  Alameda— f5:40,  7:40,  9:04  A.  M.;  12  M.; 
2:40,  4:00,  5:16,  6:24  p.  m. 

tDaily,  Sunday  excepted. 
The  Company  are  prepared  to  carry  vehicles  of  all  kinds  on 
the  Forryi  to  and  from  San  Francisco,  Alamedaand  Oakland. 
THOS.  CARTER,  GEO.  H.  WAGGONER, 

Superintendent  Gen'l  Passenger  Agent 


Superior  Wood  and  Metal  Engrav- 
ing, Electrotyping  and  Stereotyp- 
_     frig  done  at  the  office  of  the  Mining 

and  Scientific  Press,  San  Francisco,  a-t  favorable  rates. 

Send  stamp  for  our  circular  aud  samples. 


Engraving.l 


CAUTION 

To  Hydraulic  Miners. 

The  public  generally  and  Hydraulic  Miners  especially 
are  hereby  notified  that  any  parties  making  or  using  the 
contrivance  known  as  the  HOSKIN  DEFLECTOR  will  be 
prosecuted  to  the  full  extent  of  the  law,  said  machine 
having  been  declared  by  the  U.  S.  Circuit  Court  an  in- 
fringement upon  my  patent,  the 

Blootnfield  Deflecting  Nozzle. 

The  public  are  also  cautioned  against  using  the  Hoskin 
Deflector  because  of  its  danger  to  life  and  limb,  this  de- 
vice having  already  occasioned  several  deaths  and  other 
Berious  accidents.  The  BLOOMFIELD  DEFLECTOR  is 
entirely  safe,  its  two  and  a  half  years  use  without  acci- 
dent, as  well  as  its  construction,  proves  it  to  be  a  reliable 
contrivance. 

Any  parties  wishiDg  to  purchase  the  right  to  use  these 
Deflectors  can  do  so  by  applying  to  the  undersigned, 

HENRY  C.  PERKINS, 
North  Bloomfleld,  Nevada  Co.,  Cal.,  Octo- 
ber 1st,  1878. 


Contents  of  Pamphlet  on  Public  Lands  of 
California,  U.  S.  Land  Laws,  Map  of 
California  and  Nevada,  Etc. 


Map  of  California  and  Nevada  •  The  Public 
Lands;  The  Land  Districts;  Table  of  Rainfall  in  Califor- 
nia; Counties  and  Their  Products;  Statistics  of  the  State 
at  Large. 

Instructions  of  the  U.  S.  Land  Commis- 
sioners.— Different  Classes  of  Public  Lands;  How  Lands 
may  be  Acquired;  Fees  of  Land  Office  at  Location;  Agri- 
cultural College  Scrip;  Pre-emptions;  Extending  the 
Homestead  Privilege;  But  One  Homestead  Allowed;  Proof 
of  Actual  Settlement  Necessary;  Adjoining  Farm  Home- 
steads; Lands  for  Soldiers  and  Sailors;  Lands  for  Indians; 
Fees  of  Land  Office  and  Commissions;  Laws  to  Promote 
Timber  Culture;  Concerning  Appeals;  Returns  of  the  Reg- 
ister and  Receiver;  Concerning  Mining  Claims;  Second 
Pre-emption  Benefit. 

Abstract  from  the  U.  S.  Statutes.— The  Law 
Concerning  Pre-emption;  Concerning  Homesteads;  Amend- 
atory Act  Concerning  Timber;  Miscellaneous  Provisions1 
Additional  Surveys;  Land  for  Pre-emption;  List  of  Cal'* 
ornia  Post  Offices.     Price,  post  paid,  50  cts. 

Published  and  Bold  bv  DEWEY  &  CO.,  S.  F 


Take  the  Paper  that  stands  by  your  In- 
terests. 


(Aacnipery. 


PACIFIC  MACHINERY  DEPOT. 
H.    P.    GREGORY    &   CO., 

Oor.  California  &  Market  Streets,  S.  F.  Cal 
Importers  ol  and  Dealers  la 

Machinery  of  all  Descriptions. 

SOLE  AGENTS  KOK  PACIFIC  COAST  FOR 

J.  A.  Fay  &  Co. 'a  Woodworking  Machinery, 

Bement  &  Sons'  Machinists'  Tools, 

Blake's  Patent  Steam  Pumps, 

N.  Y.  Belting  &  Packing  Co.'s  Rubber  Goods 

Sturtevant  Blowers  and  Exhaust  Fans, 

Tanite  Co.'s  Emery  Wheels  and  Machinery 

Payne's  Vertical  Engines  and  Boilers, 

Judson's  Standard  Governors, 

Dreyfus'  Self  Oilers, 

Gould  Manufacturing  Co.'s  Hand  Pumps, 

Piatt's  Patent  Fuse  Lighters, 

Lovejoy's  Planer  Knives. 

A    PULL    LINK  OP 

Belting,  Packing,  Hose,  and  Other 
Mill  and  Mining  Supplies  on  Hand. 

aarSend  for  Illustrated  Catalogue. 


THOMSON   &   EVANS, 

(Successors  to  Thomson  &  Parker.) 

Engineers  and  Machinists. 


Steam  Pumps,  Steam  Engines,  Hoisting, 

Pumping,  Quartz  Mill,  Mining,  Saw 

Mill  Machinery,  Specialties. 

Plans  and  Specifications  for  Machinery  f  urniBhed.    Re- 
pairing promptly  attended  to. 

110  &  112  Beale  St.,  San  Francisco. 


Established  1844. 

JOSEPH    C.    TODD, 
ENGINEER 

—AND— 

MACHINIST. 

Flax,  Hemp,  Jute,  Rope,  Oakum 
and  Bugging  Machinery,  Steam  En- 
gines, Boilers,  etc.  I  also  manufac- 
ture Baxter's  New  Portable 
Engine  of  1877,  of  one  horse-pow- 
er, complete  for  Sl25;canbeseen  in 
operation  at  my  store.  Two  horse- 
power, $225;  two  and  a  half  horse- 
power, §250;  three  horse-power, 
§276.  Send  for  descriptive  circular 
aud  price. 
Address  J.  C  TODD, 

10  Barclay  Street  N.  Y.,  or  Patterson,  N.  J. 


-T"     ,-  STEAM  ENGINES .     7- 


BEKRY&  PLACE, 

.-—  SAUFRANCiSCO.CAL.— 


THE  IMPROVED  0'HARRA 

0HL0RIDIZING  FURNACE. 

Patented  Sept.  10th,  1878. 


Now  in  Operation  at  the  Extra  Mining  Co.'s 
Works,  Copper  City,  Shasta  Co.,  Cal. 


Two  men  and  two  cords  of  woad  roast 

Forty  Tons  of  Ore  in  Twenty-four  Hours, 

Giving  a  full  chlorination  (100%)  at  a  cost  of  30  centB  per 
on.     Address, 

O'HARRA    &    FERGUSON, 
Furnaceville,  Shasta  Co.,  Cal 
Or  CHAS.  W.  CRANE,  Agent, 

Room  10,  Safe  Deposit  Building,  San  Francisco. 


Bodie  Richmond  Mining  Co. 

President,  I.  F.  MILHEE.  Secretary,  O.  D.  SQUIRE. 

Incorporated  November  16th,  1878. 
Office,  Boom  28.  Stevensonjs  Building,  S  P, 


44 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[ January  i8,  1879,1 


Continued  from  page  37. 


quite  soft,  showing  considerable  clay  in  the 
seams  of  the  rock.  The  north  crosscut  has 
been  extended  4S  feet.  The  formation  is  the 
same  as  last  week.  Will  probably  commence 
cutting  station  for  the  deep  winze  to  be  sunk 
from  this  drift  by  the  last  of  the  week. 

Mexican. — Letter  of  the  11th  says:  On  our 
1600  level  the  joint  Union  Con.  winze  has  been 
sunk  and  timbered  to  a  depth  of  151  feet  on  the 
slope,  12  feet  having  been  made  during  the  past 
week.  Material  encountered  coutinues  hard 
blasting  porphyry.  On  our  2000  level  the  main 
north  drift  has  been  advanced  41  feet;  total 
length  from  our  south  line,  145  feet.  The  ma- 
terial passed  through  has  changed  to  hard  blast- 
ing porphyry. 

Belcher.— Letter  of  the  11th  says:  The 
east  drift  from  station  on  2560  level  is  in  33 
feet.  The  short  station  sets  are  all  in  and  one 
set  of  timbers  in  the  station  proper  has  been 
pnt  in  place,  a  chute  has  been  cut  out  and  one 
length  of  track  laid.  All  this  work,  together 
with  the  drift  mentioned  above,  has  been  done 
during  the  week.  The  south  drift  on  the  2360 
level  is  now  in  504  feet,  having  been  driven  and 
timbered  35  feet  during  the  week.  The  sink- 
ing of  the  main  incline  has  been  resumec1  to- 
day. 

Bullion.— Letter  of  the  13th  says:  Our  in- 
cline shaft  has  been  sunk  18  feet  during  the 
past  week,  making  total  depth  on  slope  below 
2050  level  of  222  feet,  material  penetrated  has 
been  a  mixture  of  porphyry  and  quartz  of  a 
softer  nature  than  heretofore  encountered,  and 
which  admits  of  better  progress.  The  incline 
is  now  10  feet  below  the  2158  level,  or  2000 
level  of  the  Imperial;  2000  level,  north  drift, 
has  been  advanced  a  distance  of  20  feet  during 
the  past  week;  material  has  been  soft  porphyry 
which  admits  fair  progress;  2400  level,  branch 
drift,  has  been  advanced  20  feet,  making  total 
length  of  same  37  feet.  The  ground  penetrated 
has  been  hard  vein  porphyry,  carrying  occa- 
sional streaks  of  quartz.  The  water  in  main 
drift  is  gradually  decreasing. 

Hale  &  Norcross. — Letter  of  the  13th  says  : 
On  the  morning  of  the  9th  inst.,  connection  was 
made  with  the  Chollar-Norcross  shaft.  The 
total  length  of  the  2000  east  drift  is  894  feet. 
We  are  now  engaged  in  cutting  out  for  a  station 
on  the  west  side  of  the  shaft,  which  will  be 
completed  in  a  few  days.  The  water  stands  to- 
day 22  feet  below  the  2000-foot  station.  The 
pumps  at  the  0.  N.  S.  shaft  were  started  up 
yesterday  pumping  water  into  the  Sutro  tunnel. 
The  machinery  moved  off  splendidly,  giving  per- 
fect satisfaction.  All  of  our  machinery  is  run- 
ning well. 

Julia. — Letter  of  the  11th  says  :  Owing  to 
the  increase  of  the  flow  of  water  discovered  in 
the  fore  part  of  this  week,  but  little  progress  has 
been  made  in  the  southwest  drift  2000  level. 
Water  shows  no  signs  of  diminishing  ;  as  soon 
as  it  is  possible  the  work  of  advancing  the  drift 
will  be  resumed  in  order  to  develop  the  favor- 
able vein  material  which  it  shows  in  its  face. 
Have  repaired  806  feet  on  1800  level  south 
drift,  cut  drain  and  laid  car  track.  Company's 
main  pump  as  well  as  the  donkey  pump  are  in 
excellent  order,  notwithstanding  their  increased 
working  speed. 

EUREKA  DISTRICT. 

Charter  Company's  Mines. — Cor.  Eureka 
Sentinel,  Jan.  8:  Their  mines  are  located  in  the 
center  of  Eureka  district.  The  main  tunnel  of 
the  company — now  630  feet  in  length — is  so  sit- 
uated as  to  develop  nearly  all  the  claims.  It 
lies  on  a  level  800  feet  below  a  point  where  the 
company  are  now  sinking  a  shaft  in  high-grade 
ore,  on  the  Needle  mine.  Mr.  Chas.  Dehman, 
one  of  the  present  owners,  located  nearly  all 
the  claims  of  the  company  during  the  years  from 
1870  to  1875,  and  has  held  uninterrupted  pos- 
session of  them  ever  since.  The  tunnel  is  being 
pushed  forward  night  and  day,  by  contractors, 
in  a  southeast  direction.  A  body  of  ore,  giving 
assays  from  $9  to  $44  per  ton,  and  showing  a 
crevice  of  15  feet,  has  just  been  cut  through. 
The  State  Pride  series,  embracing  in  width  1,000 
feet  from  north  to  south,  embracing  11  loca- 
tions, are  now  being  pierced  by  the  tunnel.  As- 
says of  ore  taken  from  these  mines  have  ranged 
from  $20  to  $894  per  ton.  The  Fire-Fly,  ex- 
tending north  and  south,  shows  well-defined 
croppings  five  feet  wide,  and  will  be  reached  by 
the  tunnel  after  it  has  passed  through  the  State 
Pride  series.  The  Monogram  tunnel  is  40  feet 
long,  and  prospecting  shafts  have  proven  the 
v-due  of  this  claim,  which  is  next  in  the  aeries 
to  be  developed  by  the  tunnel  and  crosscuts  at 
a  depth  of  200  to  300  feet  below  the  surface. 
The  Altai  runs  north  and  south,  and  shows 
large  and  well-detined  surface  croppings.  It 
lies  600  feet  west  of  and  parallel  with  the  well- 
known  Grant  mine,  and  adjoins  the  Needle. 
A  shaft  is  being  sunk  on  the  Needle  mine,  and 
very  tine  ore  is  being  taken  out,  which  is  of  the 
same  character  as  that  found  in  the  Grant, which 
joins  it.  A  sample  taken  at  the  time  of  our 
visit  gave  an  assay  value  of  $549,  and  ore  from 
this  mine  has  assayed  as  high  as  $1,907.  The 
Dehman  mine  is  500  feet  north  of  the  Needle, 
and  shows  the  same  character  of  ore.  The 
Plummet  series  lie  2,000  feet  south  of  the  Grant 
and  comprise  four  parallel  claims.  A  tunnel  is 
now  being  run  into  this  portion  of  the  property, 
and  very  fair  results  have  been  shown  from 
assays  made  of  the  ore.  Adjoining  the  Plum- 
met series,  on  the  side  next  to  the  Charter  tun- 
nel, is  the  Peer  mine,  showing  large,  well-de- 
fined, contact  croppings,  lying  between  the 
limestone  on  the  .east  and  quartzite  on  the  west. 
The  Andalusia  lies  west  of  the  Peer,  and  shows 


croppings  over  15  feet  wide,  yielding  very  satis- 
factory assays.  Eight  hundred  feet  west  is  the 
Premium.  Assays  from  workings  on  this  prop- 
erty show  from  $40  to  1500  per  ton.  A  tunnel 
50  feet  long  and  a  shaft  50  feet  deep  are  run  on  a 
well-defined  ledge  of  the  Premier.  The  Coro- 
net, near  Prospect  Mountain  tunnel,  has  a  shaft 
sunk  184  feet,  showing  at  the  bottom  a  crevice 
10  feet  wide,  from  which  assays  of  $500  per  ton 
have  been  obtained.  Already  more  than  $25,' 
000  in  money  have  been  expended. 

PIOCHE  DISTRICT. 

Pioche.— Record,  Jan.  4:  The  Hillside  com. 
pany  shipped  on  the  29th  of  December  20,000 
pounds  of  base  bullion,  the  assay  value  of  which 
was  $537  per  ton.  Yesterday  they  also  shipped 
20,000  pounds,  of  about  the  same  assay  value. 
Nearly  all  the  men  employed  at  the  Meadow 
Valley  mine  were  knocked  off  Monday.  We 
believe  it  is  the  intention  of  most  of  the  men  to 
go  to  work  chloriding,  on  shares,  in  this  mine. 
The  Hillside  furnace  is  still  running  success- 
fully and  turning  out  bullion.  Work  continues 
at  the  mine  with  unabated  vigor.  The  bullion 
product  from  the  Pioche  mines  for  the  year 
1878  amounted  to  $609,S41.75.  The  Christy 
Mill  and  Mining  Company  shipped  from  Silver 
Reef  on  the  25th  and  26th  of  December  two 
bars  of  bullion  valued  at  $3,531.30.  Bullion 
valued  at  $6,785  was>  shipped  from  this  place 
during  the  past  week. 

ABIZONA. 

Castle  Dome. — Arizona  Sentinel,  Jan.  4:  A 
remarkable  cave  has  been  found  in  the  Railroad 
mine.  It  is  as  large  as  an  ordinary  room,  and 
adorned  with  stalactites  and  stalagmites  which 
are  completely  encrusted  with  yellow  crystals 
of  lead  molybdate.  This  cave  is  at  one  side  of 
the  vein.  The  Arkansaw  shaft  is  now  down 
about  350  feet,  in  excellent  ore. 

Picacho. — The  new  15-stamp  quartz  mill  was 
started  up  on  New  Year's  day.  Some  250  tons 
of  ore  are  on  hand  at  the  mill,  and  as  much 
more  is  on  dump  at  the  mine.  The  reserves 
already  developed  are  inexhaustible.  A  con- 
tract has  been  made  with  Mr.  Clark,  of  San 
Bernardino,  to  haul  4,000  tons  of  ore  from  mine 
to  mill  at  $1.80  per  ton.  His  teams  are  due 
here  on  the  15th.  The  quality  of  the  ore  was 
fully  tested  by  the  old  five-stamp  mill  at  work 
there  last  year;  it  was  found  to  yield  from  $15 
to  $40  in  free  gold. 

Mule  Pass. — W.  S.  Edwards  is  now  out 
there  to  make  surveys  and  to  have  the  neces- 
sary work  done  on  the  mines  recently  bought  by 
Corbin  &  Co.  It  is  expected  that  the  Eastern 
company  referred  to  will  soon  erect  machinery 
and  go  to  work  in  earnest. 

Aztec. — At  the  Aztec,  under  the  superin- 
tendence of  Mr.  Hunter,  a  large  number  of  men 
are  at  work  erecting  the  mill  and  it  is  expected 
that  it  will  before  many  weeks  be  in  successful 
operation. 

Arivaca. — The  mill  owned  by  the  St.  Louis 
company  that  is  being  erected  on  the  Arivaca  is 
approaching  completion.  The  Waterbury  com 
pany,  of  Connecticut,  has  recently  started  work 
on  several  mines  under  the  management  of  Mr. 
Kirkpatrick. 

OREGON. 

The  Steamboat  Quartz  Mine.  —  Jackson- 
ville Sentinel,  Jan.  1 :  Says  Richard  Cook,  one 
of  the  owners:  A  large  vein  of  gold-bearing 
quartz  has  just  been  discovered,  assaying  from 
£22  to  $90  per  ton.  Messrs.  Cook  &  Herd  have 
done  about  $500  worth  of  work  during  the  past 
season.  An  effort  is  now  being  made  to  organ- 
ize a  stock  company  to  work  the  ledge. 

The  Lucky  Queen  Rented. — Independent, 
Jan.  1:  The  Lucky  Queen  mine  has  been 
rented  for  a  period  of  one  year  to  a  Mr.  Rode- 
baugh,  an  experienced  miner,  who,  after  prac- 
tical tests,  is  satisfied  he  can  work  the  ore  with 
profit. 

UTAH. 

Silver  Reef. — Eureka  Sentinel,  Jan.  8,  quot- 
ing Cor.  Ward  Refiexx  Speaking  of  San  Fran- 
cisco district,  the  writer  says :  "The  distance 
from  Ward  is  about  135  miles.  The  miners  in 
Frisco  were  mostly  idle,  but  said  they  would 
soon  be  on  again  in  a  few  days.  Merchandise 
is  about  five  per  cent,  less  here  than  in  Ward, 
and  costs  the  merchants  from  10%  to  20%  less 
to  lay  it  down  here  than  in  Ward.  Business 
appears  to  be  good,  but  chloriders  say  the  mill 
companies  get  away  with  all  the  profits." 

Salt  Lake  Tribune,  Jan.  8:  J.  E.  Clayton 
has  returned  from  Silver  Reef,  where  he  has 
been  examining  the  silver- sandstone  grindstones. 
The  Professor  regards  it  as  a  rich  and  interest- 
ing country. 

Frisco.— Cor.  Salt  Lake  IVibune,  Jan.  8 
Everybody  seems  to  be  awaiting  a  change  of 
ownerB  of  the  big  mine.  Both  smelters  shut 
down  during  the  holidays.  Campbell,  Cullen  & 
Co.  started  up  on  the  1st.  Godbe  &  Co.  are 
making  some  very  needful  improvements  and 
relining.  They  will  start  up  on  the  10th  of  the 
p  resent  month. 


The  Phylloxera  in  Portugal.— The  tele- 
graph announces  that  the  Portuguese  govern- 
ment, in  alarm  at  the  ravages  of  the  phylloxera 
in  the  province  of  Douro,  has  directed  local  com- 
missions to  make  careful  investigation  and 
instruct  vineyardists  in  the  best  modes  of  resist- 
ing the  attacks  of  this  foe. 

The  ice  blockade  in  the  Columbia  and  Willa- 
mette rivers,  Oregon,  still  continues. 


The  Discoveries  of  Science  in  1878. 

[From  our  Regular  New  York  Correspondent.] 
The  closing  days  of  the  year  187S  naturally 
suggest  a  retrospective  glance  at  the  many  no- 
table events  in  the  realm  of  science,  which  must 
forever  mark  it  as  one  of  the  most  important 
eras  in  which  man  has  made  wonderful  advances 
in  his  knowledge  of  nature. 

With  the  dawn  of  the  year  came  the  double 
announcement  of  the  discovery  of  the  liquefac- 
tion of  oxygen  by  the  great  French  scientists, 
Pictet  and  Cailletet,  who  curiously  both  arrived 
at  the  same  results  by  processes  perfectly  dif- 
ferent. If  any  priority  should  be  given  for  the 
softition  of  this  problem,  it  must  be  awarded  to 
M.  Cailletet,  who  recorded  the  fact  on  the  2d 
of  December  ;  but  being  a  candidate  for  a  seat 
in  the  Academy  of  Science,  he  consigned  the 
account  of  his  discovery  to  a  sealed  packet, 
which  was  opened  at  the  academic  session  of 
December  ■  the  24th,  the  very  day  M.  Raoul 
Pictet's  letter  arrived,  announcing  his  success. 

On  the  opening  day  of  the  year  1878,  M. 
Cailletet  accomplished  the  liquefaction  of  hy- 
drogen, nitrogen  and  atmospheric  air ;  and,  but 
a  few  days  after  this,  January  11th,  M.  Pictet 
effected  the  solidification  of  hydrogen,  which 
proved  to  be  a  metal,  a  fact  that  was  foreshowed 
40  years  ago,  by  theoretical  calculations,  by  M. 
Dumas. 

As  a  sequence  to  these  important  discoveries, 
the  close  of  the  year  brings  with  it  the  recent 
discovery,  by  Mr.  J.  Norman  Lockyer,  that  all 
the  64  so-called  elements  are  merely  condensa- 
tions of,  or  modifications  of  a  single  primitive 
form  of  matter,  that  being  hydrogen.  It  is  yet 
early  to  predict  the  full  effect  of  Mr.  Lockyer's 
discovery,  for  as  yet  it  has  not  been  confirmed 
by  others.  In  some  of  Mr.  Lockyer's  last  ex- 
periments with  the  spectroscope,  he  appears  to 
have  even  effected  the  transmutation  of  the 
metals,  and  thus  accomplished  the  wildest 
dreams  of  the  alchemist;  for  he  found  that  the 
result  of  the  decomposition  of  copper  gave  the 
spectrum  of  tin.  It  yet  remains  to  be  proved 
that  the  interpretations  of  the  spectroscope 
were  correct,  but  even  if  no  error  is  discovered 
and  Mr.  Lockyer's  discoveries  are,  in  reality, 
what  he  represents  them,  the  limit  to  which  the 
results  can  be  carried  should  be  clearly  under- 
stood. It  may  be  possible  to  reduce  gold  and 
other  precious  metals  to  hydrogen,  but  it  will 
never  be  possible  to  make  g\>ld  from  hydrogen, 
although  such  a  result  might  appear  to  follow, 
the  reason  being  that  one  of  the  factors  in  the 
formation  of  metalB  is  not  within  the  control  of 
the  chemist.  As  an  example,  it  has  been  sug- 
gested that  it  is  easy  to  reduce  coal  to  ashes, 
but  to  reconstruct  coal  from  ashes  is  not  to  be 
accomplished. 

The  year  187S  will  ever  be  associated  with 
the  name  of  Thomas  A.  Edison,  for  during  this 
year  the  introduction  of  old,  and  perfecting  of 
new  inventions  of  a  scientific  character,  has 
attracted  the  attention  of  the  whole  civilized 
world.  It  would  be  a  waste  of  time  on  my  part 
to  describe  the  phonograph  (now  much  im- 
proved), megaphone,  phonometer  and  the  aero- 
phone, and  the  three  great  achievements  of  his 
genius,  the  improved  carbon  telephone,  the 
tisimeter  and  the  electric  lamp.  Of  the  latter  I 
shall  probably  speak  in  detail  in  my  next  letter. 

Of  the  discovery  of  an  intro- mercurial  planet 
by  Lewis  Swift  and  Prof.  Watson,  but  little  can 
be  said,  as  probably  the  astronomical  world  will 
wait  further  confirmation  of  their  existence, 
before  finally  accepting  their  presence  as  a  fact. 
Not  from  any  want  of  confidence  in  the  observa- 
tions of  Messrs.  Swift  and  Watson,  but  from 
the  recognized  difficulties  under  which  the 
observations  were  made,  permitting  the  possi- 
bility of  error. 

Space  will  not  permit  a  more  extended  survey 
of  the  scientific  work  of  the  year  1878,  the 
details  of  which  will  be  found  in  the  usual 
annual  works  published  for  that  purpose.  But 
among  the  names  of  those  workers  whose  work 
justly  entitles  them  to  honorable  mention,  may 
be  mentioned  with  pride,  our  countryman  Prof. 
Graham  Bell,  in  perfecting  his  telephone  ;  Mr. 
Stearns,  in  "duplexing"  the  Atlantic  cable  ;  of 
Prof.  Alfred  M.  Mayer,  in  illustrations  of  the 
atomic  theory  by  floating  magnets ;  of  Sir  J. 
D.  Hooker  and  Paul  Bert,  in  their  discoveries 
in  vegetable  chemistry  ;  of  Prof.  Leconte,  in  his 
discovery  of  a  new  element  j  of  Profs.  New- 
lands,  Wilde  and  others,  in  their  ingenious 
classifications  of  the  elements  by  periodic  laws  ; 
and  of  Loutin,  Rapieff,  Jablochkoff,  Werder- 
mann  and  Sawyer. 

On  taking  a  general  survey  of  the  scientific 
work  of  the  year  now  closing,  all  interested  in 
real  progress  must  view  with  satisfaction  the 
marked  change  in  the  tone  of  scientific  com- 
munications and  work.  No  longer  the  discussion 
of  remote  and  wild  hypotheses  claim  the  atten- 
tion of  the  scientific  world;  those  who  rack  their 
brains  trying  to  solve  the  probabilities  of 
impossibilities*  appear  to  have  fallen  to  the 
rear,  while  au  contraire,  the  laboratory  and  the 
work  shop,  are  once  more  proving  their  utility, 
and  give  a  healthful  tone  to  scientific  inquiry 
and  discovery.  John  Michels. 

New  York,  Dec.  30th,  1878. 

The  Carson  papers  report  ex-Governor  L.  R. 
Bradley  as  seriously  sick  with  hemorrhage  of 
the  lungs. 

The  Japanese  are  apprehensive  that  Russia 
intends  to  annex  Yesso. 


Science  Bearing  on  Rainfall. 

Mr.  Lemmon,  in  his  article  describing  "Scenei* 
in  the  High  Sierra,  back  of  Yosemite,"  thial 
week  {page  34),  speaks  lovingly  of  the  glaciei%) 
and  of  the  ice,  the  sight  of  whose  cool  green 
edges  has  done  good  to  his,  and  to  many  another 
mountain  tourist's  eyes.  Studying  the  retreat  i 
of  the  glaciers,  he  sighH  at  the  thought  of  the 
torrid  and  moistureless  air  melting  still  furthffli 
away  the  few  short  glaciers  that  are  left  in  the  < 
Sierra,  to  their  sources. 

Which  brings  up  the  question  whether  we 
have  not  turned  the  corner  in  the  cosmic  ecom 
omy,  and  are  already  having  an  increase  of  rain- 
fall,  and,  of  course,  snowfall,  in  the  mountain™ 
with  its  accompanying  neve,  and  its  ice   pack- 
ing,   where  the  conditions    for  glaciers  exist. 
This  matter  came  up  before  the  Geological  Seal) 
tion  of  the    Academy  of  Sciences,  at  its  lam 
meeting,  on  Saturday,  the  11th  inst — a  full  re- 
port of  which  will  appear  in  the  Mining  anm 
Scientific  Press— and  was  very  ably  discussej 
by  Joseph  Le  Conte;  Clarence   King's  foundm 
tion  for  believing  in  that  hypothesis  being  ciAedl 
along  with  other  interesting  facts,  by  the  pan 
ticipants  in  the  discussion. 

In  our  next  issue  Mr.  Samuel  Purnell  begins 
a  series  of  several  articles  in  which  he  will  tell 
our  readers  what  is  known  about  the  sun-spo» 
cycle  of  II  1-9  years,  in  connection  with   the 
rainfall  of  the  coast.     Geological  and  astronom- 
ical science  have  both  established  in  these  linen 
of  investigation,  a  most  practical  bearing. 

Life  Insurance. 

The  John  Hancock   Mutual  Life   Insurand 
Company    of    Massachusetts,  has  lately  estaH 
lished  an  agency  for  the  Pacific   coast  at  41] 
California  street,  under  the  management  of  J. 
Byington.     This    gentleman   is  highly    recon 
mended  to  us   by  trustworthy  friends  at 
East,  and  we  call  the  attention  of  those  seekii 
life  insurance  to  his  company.     It  will  doubfi 
less   obtain  its  share   of  the  business   done  : 
this  line  on  this  coast.     It  is   well  known  that 
the  Massachusetts  laws  governing  life  insurances 
in  certain  important  features,  are  in  advance  of 
those  of  other  States,  as  for  instance  in  protect- 
ing  the   insured   against    unjust   forfeiture  of 
policies.     The   following   quotation    from     the 
circular  of  the  John  Hancock  Co. ,  in  a  measure 
explains  this  feature : 

"The  theory  of  the  Massachusetts  law  ia  to  give  each  1 
policy-holder  the  Benefit  of  thiB  overpayment,  without  arrim 
action  on  his  part,  and  as  a  matter  of  right  secured  M 
law,  by  continuing  the  policy  in  force  beyond  the  date  an 
lapse,  until  the  annual  cost  of  insurance  has  exhausted  thw 
reserve  accumulated  while  the  policy  was  in  force.  Id 
other  words,  insurance  is  guaranteed  by  the  laws  of  thffl 
State  at  natural,  termt  or  actual  cost-rateB,  for  all  thl 
money  paid  on  any  policy  issued  by  a  Massachusetts  comT 
pany. 

"In  practice,  20%  of  the  net  reserve  at  date  of  lapBe  ia 
withheld,  by  the  law,  as  a  fair  allowance  for  the  future 
expenses  chargeable  to  the  policy;  and  the  remainder,  or 
80%,  is  applied  to  pay  for  the  continuance  of  the  insuranol 
at  term  rates.  If  death  should  occur  during  the  tern 
over  winch  the  policy  is  continued  in  force,  the  wholl 
amount  insured  at  the  date  of  lapse,  less  'the  amount  at 
6%  per  annum  of  the  premiums  that  had  been  fnrebornl 
at  the  time  of  death,'  and  all  dividends  accrued  on  thl 
policy,  are  paid  the  heirs.  It  is  better  than  a  contract! 
because  the  language  of  the  Statute  is  clear  and  explicit! 
and  not  liable  to  judicial  construction  adverse  lo  thl 
rights  of  the  policy-holder." 


The  Duty'of  the  Hour.— Lest  any  reader  should  forgefl 
it,  we  mention  the  peculiar  fitneas  of  the  season  for  re- 
newing  old  subscriptions  and  making  new  ones  tothM 
Press.    In  going  forward  with  our  journal,  we  need  tlie 
help  of  our  patronB  both  with  mind  and  money.    Do  mil 
forget  to  send  the  printer  his  due,  as  the  aggregate  of 
small  individual  amounts  will  give  him  a  force  that  wil 
make  the  types  fairly  dance  into  the  lines.    We  trust  thai 
only  a  hint  will  be  needed  to  rally  the  dollars,  for  with 
them  assured  we  have  a  thousand  themes  to  occupy  oul 
columns.     Let  all  stop  up  promptly  to  the  Captain's  officfll 
and  then  we  will  go  out  on  deck  for  another  year'a  voyagm 
—January  1st,  1879. 


Fresh  attractions  are  constantly  added  to  Wood- 
ward's Gardens,  amona;  which  is  Prof.  Gruber's  greaft 
educator,  the  Zoographicon.  Each  department  increases} 
daily,  and  the  Pavilion  performances  are  more  populafl 
than  ever.  All  new  novelties  find  a  place  at  this  wonder*] 
ful  resort.     Prices  remain  as  usual. 


Settlers  and  others  wishing  good  farming  lands  fow 
euro  crops,  are  referred  to  Mr.  Edward  Frisbie,  of  Ander-f 
son/Shasta  County,  Cal,,  who  has  some  15,000  acres  fo» 
sale  in  the  Upper  Sacramento  valley.  Hia  advertisement!  I 
appears  from  time  to  time  in  this  paper. 

Examine  the  accelerative  endowment  plan,  as  originated'*! 
by  the  Mutual  Benefit  Life  Insurance  Co.,  of  Newark. 
New  Jersey.  Assets,  $30,533,429.94.  Lewis  C.  Gfover,';  I 
President;  L.  Spencer  Coble,  Vice-President;  Benjamin  C. 
Miller,  Treasurer;  Edward  A.  Strong,  Secretary;  Bloom** 
field  J.  Miller,  Actuary*.  Send  for  circulars  to  James* 
Munsell,  Jr.,  agent  of  insured,  224  Sansome  St.,  San> 
Francisco. 

Artesian  Wells  Wanted.  —Parties  who  are  prepared  to 
contract  for  boring  artesian  wells  are  invited  to  send* 
terms  to  Edward  Frisbie,  proprietor  of  the  Heading  Ranohf 
Anderson,  Shasta  County,  Cal. 


Experimental  Machinery,  drawings,  patterns,  models/ 
all  kinds  of  electrical  and  telegraphic  apparatus  to  order. 
See  ad.    F.  W.  Fuller,  415  Market  St.,  second  floor,  S.  F. 

Hbnry  R.  Ewald  is  our  general   correspondent  and  J 
agent  for  Arizona. 


Chew  Jackson's  Best  Sweet  Navy   Tobacco* 


January  18,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


45 


piping  and  Oilier  Copipapie$. 


Cherokee  Flat  Blue  Gravel  Company.— 

Locution  of  principal  place  of  fauaine**.  San  Pr&odaco, 

California.      Location    of    worka,    Cherokee   Flat.     Butt? 

County,  California. 

ig  «t  the  Board  of 
Director* 

■1   share    waa  levied  upon 
the  capital  stock     : 
I'nited  S1  . 
■ 

Any  »tock  up-u  which  tni*  &UL«sm^nt  «li 
on  the  28th  -lay  <>f  January.  1879.  will  U :  deli 
TertUcd  fur  s*k   >t  public   auction:  and  unlw 
made  be fu  Lay.  the  18lh  day  of   Pebru- 

..i-i.t.  tugetbei  with 
cati  of  adTertlxiug  and  eipeumJof  nale.  Ity  order  of  the 
BoapIofIlir.Kt.tr*  K     N     VAN  BRUNT.  Secretory 

Office.  313  l'n.'  ■    San  FraDclaco    California 


Mariposa  Land  and  Mining  Company  of 

California       I       iriiiuf   j>riiu-i|al   (ilace  of   l.u 

Frauci.  Location  of  works,  Mari|..i  Coiin- 

».  California 
.  itan,  that  m  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Directors,  held  hi  tin  tenth  day  of  January.  1879,  an  aaacas- 

i >n.  ii  li.ir  par  anan  w,u*  k-vi.-.i  upon  the 

capital  atock  of  ihe corporation,  payable  mini.  Uateh  in  r.  s 
ciuTcurj  to  tlu-  Sv,'r,-ury.  at  thn  ottir  >f  r  1  j . - '  'mupany.  Room 
33.  Ncra-la  Hlock,  No.  30S  Montgonitrrj-  Bt .  San  Francisco, 
Cal..  i ir  the  Aasistant  Secretary  at  the  offlofl  cTo.  ii  Nttasau 
Ht  ,  New  Sola,  N    V 

Any  atock  upon  which  this  aafiensuient  shall  remain  unpaid 
on  the  twelfth  day  of  Feliruary,  1879.  will  be  deliuini.int,  iwi.l 

fareejj  ..'  public auction; and  unless  pavmenl  la 
made  beftm,  will  be  told  on  Wedneaday,  the  bwelfui  day  ol 
March.  1879.  to  pay  the  delinquent  MMm  amni null,  together  with 
coat  of  advertising  sud  expena  I  of  sale  By  order  of  the 
Koard  .,f  i'ir,   -  I. KAN  MI;  LEAVljTT,  BeeY 

Office.  Room  33,  Nevada  lilock.  No.   3(W   Moutgnmery    St. 
San  Franciace,  CaL 


100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
66 
50 
60 
100 
100 
100 


50 
50 
60 
75 
350 
100 
100 
100 
100 
17 


60 
200 
200 
200 
200 
200 
200 
200 
200 
100 
100 


100 
100 
100 
10 


1  00 
1  00 


2  00 
2  00 
2  00 
2  00 
2  00 
2  00 
2  00 
•J  do 
2  00 
2  00 
2  00 
2  00 
2  00 
2  00 
1  32 
1  00 

1  00 

2  00 
2  00 
2  00 

20 
1  00 
1  00 
1  00 
1  00 
1  00 
1  00 

1  50 
7  00 

2  00 
2  00 
2  00 
2  00 

84 


20 


Mineral  Fork  Mining  and  Smelting  Com 

Piny.  —  Location  of  principal   place  of     business,    San 
rancisco,  California.     Location  of  works.   Big  Cotton- 
wood District,  Suit  Lake  County,  fjtab  Territory. 
NOTICE. — There  are  delinquent  upon  the  following  de- 
scribed stock  on  account  of  assessment  (No.   1)  levied  on 
the  31st  day  of  October,  1878,  the  several  amounts  set 
opposite  the   names  of  the   respective   shareholders,  as 
follows: 
Names.  No.  Certificate.  No.  Shares.  Amount, 

G  Areskog 156 

G  Areskoy 157 

»'  H  Atwood 185 

W  11  Atwood 186 

W  U  Atwood 187 

W  H  Atwood 188 

w  11  Atwood 189 

Wm  Atwood 190 

Wm  Atwood 191 

Wm  Atwood 192 

Wm  Atwood 193 

Wm  Atwood 194 

G  Bearson 105 

G  Bears,  ill 115 

G  Bearson 116 

G  Bearson 117 

O  Bearson 118 

G  Bearson 119 

G  Bearson , 136 

HL  ACulmer 295 

HL  ACulmcr 296 

H  L  ACulmcr 297 

H  L  A  Culmer 298 

H  L  A  Culmer 290 

Wm  H  Culmer 378 

Wm  II  Culmer 379 

Wm  II  Culmer    880 

Cha  G  Denicke 434 

Chs  G  Denicke 435 

Chs  G  Denicke 436 

Chs  G  Denicke 437 

A  S  Easton 4 

A  S  Easton 365 

E  E  Elliott 195 

E  E  Elliott 196 

EE  Elliott 197 

E  E  Elliott 198 

EE  Elliott 201 

EE  Elliott 271 

EE  Elliott 272 

EE  Elliott 274 

E  E  Elliott 275 

EE  Elliott 217 

EE  Elliott 218 

EEEIliott 220 

EE  Elliott 222 

E  E  Elliott 224 

E  E  Elliott 225 

E  E  Elliott 226 

E  E  Elliott 228 

EE  Elliott 229 

EE  Elliott 230 

E  E  Elliott 231 

E  E  Elliott 233 

E  E  Elliott 234 

E  E  Elliott 371 

EEEIliott 372 

EE  Elliott 373 

E  E  Elliott 374 

EEEIliott 375 

EEEIliott 876 

E  E  Elliott 377 

E  E  Elliott,  Trustee 503 

E  E  Elliott,  TruBtee 504 

E  E  Elliott,  Trustee 505 

E  E  Elliott,  Trustee 606 

E  E  Elliott,  Trustee 507 

E  E  Elliott,  Trustee 508 

E  E  Elliott,  Trustee 509 

E  E  Elliott,  Trustee 510 

E  E  Elliott,  Trustee 511 

E  E  Elliott,  Trustee 513 

E  E  Elliott,  Trustee 514 

E  E  Elliott,  Trustee 515 

E  E  Elliott,  Trustee 516 

E  E  Elliott,  Trustee 517 

E  E  Elliott,  Trustee 518 

E  E  Elliott,  Trustee 519 

E  E  Elliott,  Trustee 520 

E  E  Elliott,  Trustee 521 

E  E  Elliott,  Trustee 522 

E  E  Elliott,  Trustee 523 

E  E  Elliott,  Trustee 524 

E  E  Elliott,  Trustee 525 

E  E  Elliott,  Trustee 526 

E  E  Elliott,  Trustee 527 

E  E  Elliott,  Trustee 528 

E  E  Elliott,  Trustee 629 

E  E  Elliott,  Trustee 530 

E  E  Elliott,  Trustee 531 

E  E  Elliott,  Trustee 532 

E  E  Elliott,  Trustee  . , 533 

E  E  Elliott,  Trustee 534 

E  E  Elliott,  Trustee 535 

E  E  Elliott,  Trustee 536 

E  E  Elliott,  Trustee 537 

E  E  Elliott,  Trustee 638 

E  E  Elliott,  Trustee 539 

E  E  Elliott,  Trustee 540 

E  E  Elliott,  Trustee 541 

E  E  Elliott,  Trustee 542 

E  E  Elliott,  Trustee 543 

E  E  Elliott,  Trustee 544 

E  E  Elliott,  Trustee 646 

E  E  Elliott,  Trustee 546 

E|E  Elliott,  Trustee 647 

E  E  Elliott,  Trustee 512. 


Nanus 

WW  Elliott 
WW  Bill 
W  W  I  ill 
Frank  Vsootc 

1!  A  _M  If 

BA  M  Tr..i-i>h 

1  htrdnec . 
Edwin  Gardner.  . 
Edwin  Gardner 


No  Certificate 

203 

....   209 

aio 

. ...  3S1 
. ...  5118 
....  609 
. .. .  90! 
.  ..  203 
204 


No.  Shares.  Am't 


I. SI 

100 

100 

20 

■Jo 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
25 
25 
.:: 
Inn 
100 
100 
100 
100 
100 
60 
50 
50 
50 


I  00 
2  00 
2  00 
6  00 
10 
10 
2  00 
2  00 
■J  ... 
2  00 
2  00 
50 
50. 

1  31 

2  00 
!  is. 
g  no 

2  oil 

1      HO 

1  00 

1      llll 

1  00 
1  00 
1  00 

I  oo 

1  00 
1  00 
1  00 
1  00 


/.pili$epiept$. 


1  00 
1  00 

1  00 
4  00 
4  00 
4  00 
4  OO 
4  00 
4  00 
4  00 
4  00 

2  00 
2  00 
1  00 
1  00 
1  00 

1  00 

2  00 
2  00 
2  00 


206 

SM 

B  J    I 181 

B  i  i  inasson 182 

5  .1  .1  inasson 1-i 

Pi  t    r. Iln m.  in 333 

If  '     i-  .  1 1 .  ■ ,      .i, 

Pal    i  J  330 

honson  

i'.-ter  .11 ion 

l'eter  J  lion. on 342 

Peter  'l na 346 

l'eter   Uiiin-i.ii  ::l- 

I'eter  Jhonaon 849 

l'eter  jDOOJOn 350 

Peter  Jnonson 351  50 

Pe-tor.  .Hi.. ii. i, ii 353  50 

l'eter  Jnonson 50 

Petal  Jfaonspn       36G  50 

p.  in  Jhonaon 60 

b   n  son 358  50 

PeterJhonBon 359  50 

T  F  Ni.trom 217  100 

TKNystrom 24*  100  Jin 

T  t  Nvstrun 2411  50  1  00 

TI'Nvstr.mi 260  50  100 

TFNrstmni 251  83  66 

HHNoves 270  300  6  00 

Samuel  Furdy 259  100  2  00 

W  0  Pease,  Trustee 607  18  36 

W  C  Pease.  Trustee 008  18  36 

6  Peterson 76  loo  200 

G  Peterson 85  100  2  00 

GrPetcrSon 87  100  2  00 

G  Peterson 88  100  2  00 

1 1  Peterson 89  100  2  00 

G  Peterson 96  50  1  00 

G  Peterson 100  50 '  1  00 

'I  Peterson 102  50  100 

William  Russell 276  10  20 

William  Russell 277  5  10 

William  Russell 278  6  10 

P  H  Sumner 19  5  10 

l'  11  Sumner 20  70  1  40 

1'  II  Sumner 180  66  1  32 

Edgar  Sheldon 291  250  5  00 

Edcar  Sheldon 292  260  5  00 

Edgar  Sheldon 293  250  6  00 

Edgar  Sheldon 29-4  250  5  00 

F  C  Thompson 243  60  1  00 

F  C  Thompson 244  50  1  00 

F  C  Thompson 245  33  66 

Theodore  Tangwell 328  50  1  00 

C  F  Winslow,  Trustee  ....  555  500  10  00 

C  F  Winsiow,  Trusteo 556  277  5  54 

0  F  Winslow,  Trustee 561  60  1  00 

C  F  Winslow,  Trustee 562  100  2  00 

C  F  Winslow,  Trustee  ....  563  100  2  00 

C  F  Winslow,  Trustee 504  100  2  00 

C  F  Winslow,  Trustee 565  100  2  00 

C  F  Winslow,  TruBtee 566  100  2  00 

C  F  Winslow,  Trustee  ....  667  50  1  00 

C  P  Winslow,  Trustee  ....  570  250  5  00 

C  F  Winslow,  Trustee  ....  671  250  6  00 

C  F  Winslow 237  5150                103  00 

CF  Winslow 301  1000  20  00 

0  F  Winslow 308  1700  34  00 

C  F  Winslow 309  1000  20  00 

CF  Winslow 310  1000  20  00 

CF  Winslow 311  1000  20  00 

CFWinBlow 312  1000  20  00 

C  F  Winslow 314  260  5  00 

CFWinslow 318  100  2  00 

C  F  Winslow 324  100  2  00 

Rotiilc  N  Walter 246  84  168 

A  WinguiBt 56  100  2  00 

A  Winguist 62  100  2  00 

A  Winguist 66  50  1  00 

A  Winguist 67  50  1  00 

A  Winguist 68  50  1  00 

A  Winguist 69  50  1  00 

A  Winguist 70  60  100 

William  Schade 24  50  100 

William  Schade 25  50  1  00 

William  Schade 53  100  2  00 

William  Schade 54  100  2  00 

William  Schade >.     55  100  2  00 

Otto  lletchke,  Trustee 609  14  28 

And  in  accordance  with  law,  and  an  order  of  the  Board 
of  Directors,  made  on  the  31st  day  of  October,  1878,  so 
many  shares  of  each  parcel  of  such  stock  as  may  be  neces 
sary,  will  be  sold  at  public  auction  at  the  office  of  the 
Company,  Room  20,  Safe  Deposit  Building,  No.  328  Mont 
gomery  Street,  San  Francisco,  California,  on  Monday,  the 
thirtieth  (30th)  day  of  December,  1878,  at  the  hour  of  12 
o'clock  m.  of  such  day,  to  pay  delinquent  assessments 
thereon,  together  with  costs  of  advertising  and  expenses 
of  the  sale.  OTTO  METCHKE,  Secretary. 

Office,  Room  20,  Safe  Deposit  Building,  No.  328  Mont- 
gomery St. ,  SanFranciseo,  California. 

POSTPONEMENT.— The  above  sale  has  been  postponed 
until   Thursday,    the  30th  day  of  January,  1879,  at  the 
same  hour  and  place.    By  order  of  the  Board  of  Directors. 
OTTO  METCHKE,  Secretary. 


BALDWIN'S   THEATER. 

THOU  \n  Mai. I  IKE Manager. 

F.  Lvbtkk. Acting  Manager. 

i'ims  H.-QeoDwui  Treasurer. 

.1   !'  t.'mnu'.    ■. -iii.it  Treasurer. 

Open    Every    Evening;    with     the    Regular 
Company. 

I    .fin'     Market    ami      Powell      Streets.       Open     every 

mil  .Saturday  matinee.    Box  office  open  daily. 

""bush  street  the"aterT " 

Ciiab,  K.  Loom Lasso,  and 

CALLENDER'S    GEORGIA    MINSTRELS. 
Opan  every  evening  and  Saturday  Matinee. 


CALIFORNIA   THEATER. 

Barton  ft  Latuti Manager. 

Barton  hill. Acting  Manager. 

JOHN    T.~RAYMOND. 


Hush  Street,  above  Kaarsj 
alfica  "i'«n  from  D  a.  m.  to  10 i 
nix  data  in  advance. 


en  every  evening.      Box 
Scats  may  be  secured 


10 

20 

10 

20 

10 

20 

10 

20 

10 

20 

10 

20 

10 

20 

10 

20 

10 

20 

10 

20 

10 

20 

10 

20 

10 

20 

10 

20 

10 

20 

10 

20 

10 

20 

10 

20 

10 

20 

25 

50 

25 

50 

25 

60 

25 

50 

25 

50 

25 

50 

25 

50 

25 

50 

26 

50 

25 

50 

50 

1  00 

50 

1  00 

50 

1  00 

50 

1  00 

50 

1  oo 

50 

1  oo 

50 

1  oo 

50 

1  oo 

50 

1  00 

50 

1  oc 

10 

20 

STANDARD 

M     A     Ki.NNr.IJV 


THEATER. 

.  .Sole  Lessee  and  Malinger. 


RICE'S    SURPRISE    PARTY. 

Bush  Struct,  above  MonCgomery.    Open  every  evening. 
SeatH  may  be  secured  six  days  in  advance. 


W.  T.   GARRATT'S 

BRASS  and  BELL  FOUNDRY 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 

MANUFACTURER  AND  IMPORTER  OF 

Church  and  Steamboat  BELLS  and  GONGS 
BRASS  CASTINGS  of  all  kinds, 
WATER  GATES,   GAS  GATES, 
FIRE  HYDRANTS, 

DOCK  HYDRANTS, 

GARDEN  HYDRANTS 

General   Assortment   ol    Engineers'  Findings. 

Hooker's    Patent 
Celebrated 

STEAM  PUMP 

itSTThe  Best  and  Most 
Durable  in  use.  Also, 
a  variety  of  other 


For  Mining  and  Farm- 
ing Purposes. 

ROOT'S  BLAST  BLOWERS, 

For  Ventilating  Mines  and  for  Smelting  Works. 

HYDRAULIC    PIPES    AND     NOZZLES, 

For  Mining  Purposes. 

Garratt's    Improved    Journal 


DEFLECTED    HEAT! 

Boswell's  Combined  Heater,  Cooker,  Ba- 
ker. Clothes  and  Fruit  Drier. 


Metal. 


LMroRTER   OF 


IRON  PIPE  AND  MALLEABLE    IRO.'J    FITTINGS, 

ALL  KINDS  OF 

WORK  AND  COMPOSITION  NAILS, 

AT  LOWEST  RATES. 


Summit    Mining  Company. — Location  of 

Principal  place  of  business,  San  Francisco,  California. 

Location    of     works,   Mineral  Point  Mining    District, 

Plumas  County,  Cal. 

Notice. —There  are  delinquent  upon  the  following  de- 
scribed stock,  on  account  of  assessment  (No.  6,)  levied  on 
the  19th  day  of  November,  A.  D. ,  1878,  the  several  amounts 
set  uppositc  the  names  of  the  respective  shareholders,  as 
follows: 

Names.  No.  Certificate.    No.  Shares.  Amt. 

Boring.IC 32  1200        §tiO  00 

Bohn,  John 160  200  10  00 

Lehmarm,  C 129  2750        137  50 

Lehmann,  C.  Trustee 206  200  10  00 

Lehmann,  C,  Trustee 207  200  10  00 

Storer,  J  F,  Trustee 58  250  12  50 

Schmitz,  F 205  400  20  00 

Turner,  J  W 65  200  10  00 

And  in  accordance  with  law,  and  an  order  of  the  Board  of 
Directors,  made  on  the  nineteenth  day  of  November,  A.;D. , 
1878,  so  many  shares  of  each  parcel  of  such  stock  as  may 
he  necessary,  will  be  sold  at  public  auction,  at  the  office 
of  the  company,  No.  318  Pine  street,  Room  6,  San  Fran- 
cisco, Cal.,  on  Tuesday,  the  fourth  day  of  February, 
A.  D.,  1879,  at  the  hour  of  three  o'clock  p.  m.,  of  said 
day,  to  pay  said  delinquent  assessment  thereon,  together 
with  costs  of  advertising  and  expenses  of  the  sale. 

R.  N.  VAN  BRUNT,  Sec'y. 

Office,  Room  6,  No.  318  Pine  Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


DIVIDEND    NOTICE. 

The  German  Savings  and  Loan  Society. 

For  the  half  year  ending  this  date,  the  Board  of  Direc- 
tors of  THE  OBRMAN  SAVINGS  AND  LOAN  SOCIETY 
has  declared  a  Dividend  on  Term  Deposits  at  the  rate  of 
seven  and  one-half  (7j)  per  cent,  per  annum,  and  on  Ordi- 
nary Deposits  at  the  rate  of  six  and  one-fourth  (6$)  per 
cent,  per  annum,  free  from  Federal  Taxes,  and  payable  on 
and  after  the  16th  day  oi  January,  1879.     By  order. 

GEORGE  LETTE,  Secretary. 

San  Francisco,  December  3lHt,  1878. 


NATURE'S   TRIUMPH! 

CALIFORNIA 

t^OOT  TEA 

Is  without  a  parallel  in  medicine.  The  most  important  dis- 
coveiy  ever  made  in  any  age  or  country.  It  is  the  only  per- 
fect Liver  and  Blood  Medicine  ever  known,  has  a  powerful 
and  heretofore  unheard  of  influence  on  the  circulation,  and 
is  extremely  desirable  in  all  forms  of  debility,  local  or  general, 
and  weakening  and  wasting  diseases,  effecting  many  aston- 
ishing cures  wbeu  all  else  fails.  It  effects  permanent  cures 
of  Blood  Diseases  which  all  the  old  Blood  Medicines  and  the 
most  powerful  drugs  fail  to  touch.  A  continuous  uuiux  of 
testimonials  are  daily  pouring  in  from  all  sources. 
Mrs.  Lydia  Read's  Cure. 

San  Francisco.  January  13th,  1879. 

Dear  Sir:— I  feel  it  my  duty  to  inform  you  what  the  Cali- 
fornia Root  Tea  has  done  for  me,  and  think  yon  ought  to 
Eublish  it  for  the  benefit  of  others.  I  had  been  failing  in 
ealth  for  years,  and  in  spite  of  all  the  different  treatment  I 
underwent  and  medicines  I  swallowed  had  sunk  so  low  that 
I  could  hardly  walk  across  the  floor,  and  felt  that  my  time 
had  come.  When  in  this  condition  a  few  weeks  ago  the  Cali- 
fornia Root  Tea  was  recommended  to  me  by  a  friend  and  I 
began  its  use.  Its  effect  was  mo3t  astonishing;  it  seemed 
to  actually  build  me  upirom  the  start,  and  I  am  now  as  strong 
and  hearty  aB  ever.  I  am  confident  and  ao  are  my  friends 
that  had  it  not  been  for  the  California  Root  Tea  I  should 
now  be  in  my  grave.        [Signed]  Mrs.  Lydia  READ, 

1843  Howard  Street. 

Note.— Mrs.  Read's  complaint  was  impoveriitliment  of  the 
blood,  feeble  circulation  and  a  steady  and  persistent  decline 
that  defied  tin/  best  physicians.  For  many  such  complaints 
there  is  no  possibility  of  cure  with  anything  heretofore|kuown 
in  medicine.  Mrs,  Read  has  resided  at  her  present  home  for 
years,  and  is  well  known  throughout  the  city  as  a  lady  of 
(■dnrrir.ioii  :ind  liifdi  standing. 

The  CALIFORNIA  ROOT  TEA  is  sold  in  packets,  in  its 
vegetable  form.  Each  50  cent  packet  makes  a  pint  of  balsam ; 
dose,  2  spoonfuls  3  times  daily.  Any  child  prepares  it  in  10 
minutes.     Directions  inside  each  packet. 

All  respectable  DruggiBts  and  Grocers  throughout  the 
country  sell  it. 


R  PALACE  T1 
ESTAURANl 


218  Sansome  St. 


This  elegant  and  spa- 
cious Restaurant  has 
been    re-opened,     with 

Good   Living 

superior  bill  of  fare  dai- 
ly, at  218  _x  Sansome 
Street,  S.  dl  F.,  and 
is    now    the   best    and 

Reduced  Prices 

most  popular  dining  sa- 
loon on    this   Coast. 
Resident  business  men  and  visi- 
in  giving  this  place  an  early 


0 1'liiin     i  u     ..■:,■. .i.!. '.■:■  -mi"  a   Store,     Furnace.  Oven, 

Drji  ii' .ii-.'  and  Kitchen  Range  An  application  ,,f  Scientific 
Principles  to  the  economy  of  living,  of  labor,  of  health  ami 
of  comfort.  A  handsome  piwv  of  Furnitwri.'  adapted  to  the 
wants  of  every  lamiiy.  it  equally  eoonoml&aa  time,  labor  and 
fuel,  and  avoids  einosttre  to  heat  In  qooking  as  well  as  in 
baking,  It  hakes  Bro:id,  Cukes  and  Pies  to  any  desired  tint 
without  turning  or  watching,  or  danger  of  burning.  All 
odors  produced  in  cooking  are  passed  up  the  flue.  Food 
cooked  by  deflected  heat  is  improved  in  flavor,  mure  easily 
digested,  contains  more  nutriment,  will  keep  fresh  longer, 
and  Is  also  much  improved  in  appearance.  The  stages  of  the 
cooking  or  baking  can  be  seen  without  stooping  or  opening 
i be  duurs  of  the  oven.  It.  will  dry  and  bleaeh  your  clothes  in 
from  half  an  hour-  to  one  hour  and  aha!/,  andheut  your  irons. 

Fruit  dried  in  the  Boswell  will  gain  from  twenty  to 
FORTY  FKft  CENT,  in  WEIGHT,  and  THIRTY  TER  CENT,  in 
quality  over  that  dried  by  any  other  process.  It  will  suc- 
cessfully dry  any  kind  of  Fruit.  Grapes,  Berries,  Meats.  Fish, 
Vegetables,  Coffee,  Tobacco,   Corn  and  Grain  of  all   kinds. 


Boswell's  Commercial   Fruit  Drier, 

Used  exclusively  for  drying  and  heating  purposes  on  A  LARGE 
SCALE. 

—  ALSO  — 

BOSWELL'S    CABINET   HEATER, 

Of  all  sizes  and  capacity  for  heating  Private  Residences, 
Hotels,  Halls,  School  Houses,  Churches,  Offices,  Stores, 
Railroad  (.'ars.  Hospitals,  etc. 

All  of  which  can  he  operated  successfully  hy  a  mere  child. 
it  is  so  simple  in  its  construction,  and  with  one-third  tho 
usual  amount  of  fuel  (coal  or  wood},  used  in  any  other  heat- 
ing, cooking  or  drying  apparatus. 

Every  farmer  and  economical  housekeeper  should  use  it. 
It  will  pay  for  itself  in  the  saving  of  fuel;  it  will  pay  iu  the 
superior  character  of  its  fruit  DRYING,  of  its  cookinh. 
ROASTING  and  BAKING;  it  will  pay  in  its  salubrious  and 
healthful  warm  air;  it  will  pay  the  rich  and  the  poor  alike. 

Address,  for  Price  List  and  descriptive  illustrated  circulars, 

Boswell  Pure  Air  Heater  Co.. 

No.  60t>  Montgomery  Street,    San  Francisco,   California, 

S.  R.  LIPPINCOTT,  Secretary. 

EUGENE  L.  SULLIVAN,  Pres't- 


[Lunch  ready  at  10  A. 

tors  from  abroad  will     . 

call.    Examine  biU  of  fare  and  prices. 

HERMAN  H.  HORST,  Prop'r. 


N.    W.    SPAULDINGr'S 


PATENT   DETACHABLE  TOOTH    SAWS, 

Manfuactory.  17  &  19  Fremont  St.,  S.  P. 


FOR    S-A-ZLLIE. 


SEVERAL  SECOND-HAND 

PORTABLE   ENGINES, 

FOR    SALE    CHEAP. 

Sizes,  from  eight   horse-power   to  twenty-five  horse- 
power.    IN  PERFECT  RUNNING  ORDER.     Apply  to 

JOSEPH  ENRIGHT, 

San  Jose,  California. 


%MNG 

ww 


At  the  Old  Stand,  Market,  head  of  Front  Street,  S.  F. 


HEMORRHOIDS  OR  PILES, 

A  treatise  on  their  scientific  treatment  and  radical  cure, 
by  E.  J.  FRAZER,  M.  D.,  San  Francisco.  Price,  25  cents; 
for  sale  at  the  bookstores  and  by  the  author  at  221  Powell 
street.  Sent  by  mail  to  any  address  on  receipt  of  the 
Price  in  coin,  currency  or  postageatampB. 


46 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[January  18,   1879. 


Iron  and  IVIachipe  IWofte. 


THOS.  PENDERGAST. 


HENRY  S.  SMITH. 


iETNA    IRON    WORKS, 

MANUFACTURERS  OP 

IRON  CASTINGS 

and      MACHINERY 

OF  ALL  KINDS. 

Fremont  Street,  Bet.  Howard  and  Folsom, 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 

SACRAMENTO  BOILER   WORKS, 

214  &  216  BE  ALB  St.,  (rear  of  jGtna,  Foundry) 

J.  V.  HALL, 

PRACTICAL,    BOILER    MAKER, 

Marine,  Stationary  and  Portable  Boilers,  Smoke  Stacks, 

Hydraulic  Pipe,   Oil  or  Water  Tanks,    Ore  and 

Water  Buckets,  Gasometers,  Girders,  Bridges 

and    Iron    Ship    Building. 

ALL    KINDS   OF   SHEET    IRON    WORK. 

Repairing   promptly   attended   to    at   the 
lowest   possible   terms. 

UNION  IRON  WORKS, 

SACRAMENTO,    CAL. 
ROOT,    NEILSON    &    CO., 

MANUFACTURERS  OF 

STEAM    ENGINES,  BOILERS   AND    ALL 
Kinds  of  Machinery  for  Mining  Purposes. 

Flouring  Mills',  Saw  Mills'  and   Quartz  Mills'  Machinery 

constructed,  fitted  up  and  repaired. 

Front  Street,  Between  N  and  O  Streets, 

SACRAMENTO,     CAL. 


PHELPS 
MANUFACTURING    COMPANY, 

Manufacturers  of  all  kinds  of 

Wharf  and  Bridge  Bolts,   Railroad  Trestle 

"Work,   Car  Frames  and  Bolts,  Machine 

Bolts,   Set  Screws    and   Tap  Bolts, 

Lag    or    Coach    Screws. 

ALL  STYLES   OF  FANCY  HEAD  BOLTS. 

HOT  AND    COLD    PRESSED    HEXAGONAL    AND 

SQUARE    NUTS,    WASHERS,    BOLT    ENDS, 

TURNBUCKLES,    ETC.,    ETC. 

13, 15  and  17  Drumm  St.,  near  California, 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 


Golden  State  &  Miners  Iron  Works, 

Manufacture  Iron  Castings  and  Machinery 
of  all  Kinds  at  Greatly  Reduced  Rates. 

STEVENSON'S  PATENT 

Mold-Board  AMALGAMATORS, 
Golden  State  Pressure  Blowers. 

First  St.,  between  Howard  &  Folsom,  S.  F. 


Wm.  H.  Birch.  John  Arqall. 

California    Machine   Works, 
BIRCH,    ARGALL    &    CO., 

119  Beale  Street,  San  Francisco. 

itaTGeneral  Mechanical  Engineers  and  Machinists. 
Steam  Engines,  Flour,  Quartz  and  Mining  Machinery. 
Sole  manufacturers  of  Bredie's  Patent  Rock  Crushers  and 
Steel-Faced  Tappits.  Steam,  Hydraulic  and  Sidewalk 
Elevators.     Repairing  promptly  attended  to. 


California    Brass    Foundry, 

No,  125  First  Street,  Opposite  Minna. 
SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 

All  kinds  of  Brass,  Composition,  Zinc,  and  Babbitt 
Metal  Castings,  Brass  Ship  Work  of  all  kinds,  Spikes, 
sheathing  Nails,  Rudder  Braces,  Hinges,  Ship  and  Steam- 
boat Bells  and  Gongs  of  superior  tone.  All  kinds  of  Cocks 
and  Valves,  Hydraulic  Pipes  and  Nozzles,  and  Hose  Coup- 
lings and  Connections  of  all  sizes  and  patterns  furnished 
with  dispatch.  ^PRICES  MODERATE."®* 

J.  H.  WEED.  V.  KINGWELL. 


STEAM  ENGINES  AND  BOILERS 

Of  all  sizes— from  2  to  CO-Horse  power.  Also,  Quartz 
Mills,  Mining  Pumps,  Hoisting  Machinery,  Shafting,  Iron 
Tanks,  etc.    For  sale  at  the  lowest  prices  by 

J.    HENDY,  49  and  51  Fremont  Street,  S.  F. 


THOMAS  TIIOMreON. 


THOHNTON  THOMPSON, 


THOMPSON    BROTHERS, 

EUREKA    FOUNDRY, 

129  and  131  Beale  St.,  between  Mission  and  Howard,  S.  F 

MANUFACTURKR8  OK  CASTINGS  OF  EVERT  DESCRIPTION. 


WIND  MILL. 


One  of  the  best  made  in  this  State 
for  sale  cheap  on  easy  terms.    Ad- 
dress, W.  T„  care  of  Dewey  &  Co.,  S.  F. 


GEORGE  W.  PRESCOTT. 


IRVLNG  M.  SCOTT. 


H.  T.  SCOTT. 


I*1 


{Jnion    |ron   foRKS. 

Office,  61  First  St.  |  Cor.  First  &  Mission  Sts.,  S.  F.  |  p.   0.   Box,  2128. 


BUILDERS     OF 


Steam,    Air   and    Hydraulic    Machinery. 

Home  Industry.— All  "Work  Tested  and  Guaranteed. 


Vertical  Engines, 

Baby  Hoists, 

Stamps, 

Horizontal  Engines, 

Ventilating  Fans, 

Pans, 

Automatic  Cut-off  Engines, 

Rock  Bkeakees, 

Settlers, 

Compound  Condensing  Engines, 

Self-Feeders, 

Retorts, 

Shafting, 

Pulleys, 

Etc.  ,  Etc. 

TRY    OUR    MAKE,  CHEAPEST   AND    BEST    IN    USE. 
Send  for  Late  Circulars.  PRESCOTT,  SCOTT  &  CO. 


HAWKINS  &  C-A-IsTTIS/IEXjIj. 
MACHINE     WORKS, 

210  and  212  Beale  Street,  bet.  Howard  and  Folsom  Sts.,    -    -    San  Francisco. 


Manufacturers    of 


IMPROVED      PORTABLE 

Dieting:    Engines, 

For   Mining  and   Other   Purposes. 

Steam  Engines  and  all  Kinds  of  Mill  and  Mining  Machinery. 


Pacific  Rolling  Mill  Co., 

SAN    FRANCISCO,    CAL. 

MANUFACTURERS    OF 

RAILROAD  AND    MERCHANT  IRON, 

ROLLED  BEAMS,  ANGLE,  CHANNEL  AND  T  IRON,  BRIDGE  AND  MACHINE  BOLTS,  LAG  SCREWS,  NUTS 
WASHERS,  ETC.,  STEAMBOAT   SHAFTS,  CRANKS,  PISTONS,  CONNECTING    RODS,  ETC.,  ETC. 

Car  and  Locomotive  Axles  and  Frames,  and  Hammered  Iron  of  Every  Description. 

HIGHEST    PRICE    PAID    FOR    SCRAP    IRON. 

S£-  Orders  Solicited  and  Promptly  Executed.  Office,  No.  16  FIRST  STREET. 


Fulton    Iron    Works, 

Hinckley,  Spiers  &  Hayes. 


(ESTABLISHED    IN    1855.) 


Works,  Fremont  and  Howard  Sts.  |  San  Francisco,  Cal.  |  Office,  No.  213  Fremont  St. 


MANUFACTURERS    OF 


Marine  Engines  and   Boilers, 


Propeller    Engines     either    High     Pressure    or  Com- 
pound Stern  or  Side  Wheel  Engines. 


Mining  Machinery. 


Hoisting  Engines  and  Works,  Cages,  Ore  Buckets,  Ore 
Cars,  Pumping  Engines  and  Pumps,  Water  Buckets, 
Pump  Columns,  Air  Compressors,  Air  Receivers, 
Air   Pipes. 

Mill  Machinery. 

Batteries  for  Dry  or    Wet  Crushing,    Amalgamating 


Pans,  Settlers,  Furnaces,  Retorts,  Concentrators,  Ore 
Feeders,  Rock  Breakers,  Furnaces  for  Reducing  Ores 
Water  Jackets,  Etc. 


Sugar  Machinery. 


Crushing  Rolls,  Clarifiers,  Vacuum  Pans,  Air  Pumps, 
Concentrators,  Bag  Filters,  Charcoal  Filters,  Blow-up 
Tanks,  Coolers  and  Receiving  Tanks. 


Miscellaneous   Machinery. 


Flour  Mill  Machinery,  Saw  Mill  Engines  and  Boilers, 
Dredging  Machinery,  Oil  Well  Retorts,  Powder  Mill  Ma- 
chinery, Water  WheelB. 

PnninPC     anfl     RflltoPC   of  all  kinds,  either  for  use  on  Steamboats  and  made  in  accordance  with  the 
QliyillCo    allU     DulltsI  O  Act  of  Congress  regulating  the  same,  or  for  use  on  land.  Water  Pipe,  Pump 
or  Air  Column,  Fish  Tanks  for  Salmon  Canneries  of  every  description. 
Boiler  repairs  promptly  attended  to  and  at  very  moderate  rates. 


PACIFIC    IRON    WORKS, 

First  and  Fremont  Streets,  between  Mission  and   Howard,   San   Francisco,  Cal., 
RANKIN,    BRAYTON    &    CO., 

Manufacturers    of 

ENGINES,  BOILERS,    MARINE    AND    STATIONARY.      PUMPING,    HOISTING,  AND    MINING    MACHINERY 

INCLUDING  BATTERIES,  AMALGAMATING  PANS  AND  SETTLERS,  CONCENTRATORS,  ORE  FEEDERS, 

CRUSHING  ROLLS  AND  ROCK  BREAKERS.     ALSO,  WATER  JACKET  SMELTING  FURNACES, 

FOR  REDUCING   LEAD,  SILVER    AND    COPPER    ORES,  QUICKSILVER    FURNACES, 

RETORTS  AND  CONDENSERS,  ROASTING  AND  CHLORIDIZING  FURNACES, 

SUGAR    MILL    MACHINERY,  WATER    WHEELS,  Etc.,   ALL    OF    THE 

LATEST  AND  MOST  IMPROVED  CONSTRUCTION. 

Agents  for  the  Allen  Eng-ine  Governor,  Bailey  Air  Compressor,  Howell's 
Improved  "White  Furnaces,  "Walker's  Compound  Steam  Pumps,  Etc. 


^^Testem  Iron  "Wox-ls-ss, 


316 


and     318     Mission     Street,     San     Francisco, 
PERRY  ED-WARDS,  Prop'r. 

Manufacturer  of  Wrought  Iron  Girders,  Trusses,   Prison   Cells,  Iron  Roofs,  Crest 
Railings,  Finials,  Fences,  Weathervanes,  Gratings,  Iron  Work  for  Models,  Etc. 

Nickel  Plated  Railings.        Bank  and  Store  Fittings.       Estimates  given  and  Iron  Work  furnished  for  Buildings. 


Dewey  &  Co.{BB22£»}Patent  Ag'ts. 


Driving  Nails  Under  Water. — Stack's  illustrated  ad- 
vsrtiewnent  appears  once  a  month  in  this  paper. 


|Corner  Btale  and  Howard  Sts., 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 

W.  H.  TAYLOR,  Pres't.  JOSEPH  MOORE,  Sup't. 

Builders  of  Steam  Machinery 

In  all  its  Branches, 

Steamboat,  Steamship,  Land 

Engines  and  Boilers, 

HIGH  PRESSURE  OR  COMPOUND. 


STEAM  VESSELS,  of  all  kinds,  built  complete  with  I 

Hulls  of  Wood,  Irou  or  Composite. 
ORDINARY    ENGINES    compounded   when   ad- 1 

visable. 
STEAM  LAUNCHES,  Barges  and  Steam  Tugs  con- 
structed with  reference  to  the  Trade  in  which   they  are 

to  be  employed.    Speed,  tonnago  and  draft  of  water 

guaranteed. 
STEAM    BOILERS.    Particular  attention  given  to  ] 

the  quality  of  the  material  and  workmanship,  and  none 

but  first-class  work  produced. 
SUGAR     MILLS     AND     SUGAR-MAKING 

MACHINERY  made  after  the  must  approved  plans. 

Also,  all  Boiler  Iron  Work  connected  therewith. 
WATER  PIPE,  of  Boiler  or  Sheet  Iron,  of  any  Bize 

made  in  suitable  lengths  for  connecting  together,  or 

sheets  rolled,  punched,  and  packed  for  shipment  ready 

to  be  riveted  on  the  ground. 
HYDRAULIC     RIVETING.      Boiler     Work     and 

Water  Pipe  made  by  this  establishment,    riveted  by 

Hydraulic  Riveting  Machinery,   that  quality  of  work 

being  far  superior  to  hand  work. 
SHIP   "WORK.     Ship    and    Steam  Capstains,  Steam 

Winches,  Air  and  Circulating  Pumps,  made  after  the 

most  approved  plans. 
PUMPS.    Direct  Acting  Pumps,  for  Irrigation   or  City 

Water  Works  purposes,  built  with  the  celebrated  Davy 

Valve  Motiou,  superior  to  any  other  Pump. 


—  AT   THE- 


Electric  Model  &  Machine  Works 

Inventors  and    others  can  pret  First-Class 
Work  at  Moderate  Prices. 

After  10  years  experience  with  inventions  and  other 
mechanical  work,  I  am  fully  prepared  to  execute  draw- 
ings, working-models  and  fine  machinery  of  any  descrip- 
tion to  entire  satisfaction. 

Brass  Finishing,  Pattern  Making,  Gear  Cutting,  Tele- 
graphic and  other  Electrical  Apparatus  by  competent 
workmen. 

TELEPHONES    TO    ORDER. 

F.  W.  FULLER,  415  Market  Street,  San  FranciBco,  Cal. 

Main    Street    Iron    Works, 

WM.    DEACON,    PROPRIETOR. 

Nos.  131, 133  &  135  Main  St.,  San  Francisco. 

Stationary  and  Marine  Engines, 

Shafting,  Pulleys,  and  General  Machine  Work.  Jobbing 
and  repairing  done  Promptly  and  at  Lowest  Rates. 
Screw  Propellors,  Propeller  and  Steamboat  Engines. 

SAW  MILLS  and  SAW  MILL  MACHINERY. 


.10x14 

~  I  7x12 
S-(  8x12, 
S  9x14 
C(   1,10x14 


Market,  head  of  Front  Street,  San  Franeisco. 


Steel  Castings. 

From  T  to  10,000  lbs.  weight,  true  to  pattern,  sound  and 
solid,  of  unequaled  strength,  toughness  and  durability. 
An  invaluable  substitute  for  forgings  or  cost-iron  requir- 
ing three-fold  strength.     Send  for  circular  and  price  liBt  to 

CHESTER    STEEL     CASTINGS    CO., 

EVELINA    STREET,        -       -       PHILADELPHIA,    PA. 

Diamond    Drill    Co. 

The  undersigned,  owners  of  LESCHOT'S  PATENT 
for  DIAMOND  POINTED  DRILLS,  now  brought  to  the 
highest  state  of  perfection,  are  prepared  to  fill  orders 
for  the  IMPROVED  PROSPECTING  AND  TUNNELING 
DRILLS,  with  or  without  power,  at  short  notice,  and 
at  reduced  prices.  Abundant  testimony  furnished  of 
the  great  economy  and  successful  working  of  numerous 
machines  in  operation  in  the  quartz  and  gravel  mines 
on  this  coast.  Circulars  forwarded,  and  full  infor- 
mation given  upon  application. 

A-.  J.  SEVERANCE  &  CO. 
Office,  No.  320  Sansome  street,  Room  10. 


GOLD    MINE    WANTED. 

One  now  paying  more  than  expenses.    Address 

W.    S.    KEYES,    M.    B., 
No.  310  Pine  St.,  Boom  42,  San  FranciBco. 


January  18,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


47 


EDISON'S  ELECTRIC  PEN   and  PRESS. 


^Sk*^ 


\ 


MAKES    6,000    COPIES    FROM    ONE    WRITING. 


Requires    no    Prepared    Ink,     or     Paper,     no     Skilled     Expert     to     do     Good     Work 
From    5    to    15    Copies    per    minute   by    an    Office    Boy. 

Indispensable  to  Lawyers,  Bankers,  Colleges  and  Schools,  Music  Dealetl,  BmU  Estate  Man,   and    Business   Firms 
in  t:\vry  department  of  trade. 

Costs    but    $2.50    Per    Annum    to    run    it. 


WHAT    THEY    SAY: 
"Ai  food  u  a  fuH-gr-'wn  lithographic  esuhlishmeiit." — Bakkr  k  Hamilton. 
"'Indispensable  to  thu  use  of  this  ottlce." —  Flkkman's  Find  Insi  ranch  Co. 
"Exceeds  our  most  sanguine  expectations." — H»  Balzkh  A:  Co. 

*'I  would  not  hv  without  it  fi>r  live  times  its  cost."— Gko.  Lbyistox,  At  ton  icy -at -law. 
"Very  usoful  and  fully  meets  nnr  expectations. " — W.  T.  COLBUAM  &  Co. 

"Has  become  one  o(  the  moat  valuable  appendages  of  the  Academy."— -CAL.  Military  Acapkmt. 
"We  would  on  no  account  dispense  with  it  "—  Ijipbrial,  London,  Noktiikkk  and  Qubbn  Inbikanck  Co.'h. 
Call  on,  or  send  for  Circular  and  Samples  of  work  to 

E.  A  DAKIN,  Gen'l  Agent  for  Pacific  Coast,  209  Sansome  St.,  S.  F. 


Ingersoll  Rock  Drills. 

In  use  in   the    largest   and  best 
Mines  of  the  Coast. 

HAS    AUTOMATIC  FEED. 

Has  less  Repairs. 

Is  Lighter  and  more  Easily  Ad- 
justed than  any  other  Drill. 
Our  DRY  AIR  COMPRESSORS  are  the  most  Economical  Compressors  in  the  Market. 

MINERS'  HORSE-POWER. 


This  Power  is  especially  adapted  to  working  mines,  hoist- 
ing coal  or  building  material,  etc.  It  will  do  the  work  of  a 
Steam  Engine  with  one-tenth  the  expense.  One  Hone  can 
easily  hoist  over  1.000  pounds  at  a  depth  of  500  feet. 

The  Power  is  mainly  built,  of  wrought  iron,  and  cannot  he 
affected  by  exposure.  The  hoisting-drum  is  thrown  out  of 
gear  by  the  lever,  while  the  load  is  held  in  place  with  a  brake 
by  the  man  tending  bucket.  The  frame  of  the  Power  is 
bolted  to  bed-timbers,  thus  avoiding  all  frame  work.  "When 
required  these  Powers  are  made  in  sections  for  packing. 


REYNOLDS,   RIX   &   CO.,  18  &  20   Fremont  St.,  San  Francisco. 


SANDERSON  BROS.  &  GO.'S 

Best  Refined  Cast-Steel. 

Warranted  Most  Superior  for  Drills,  Hammers,  Etc. 

A  full  and   complete  stock  of  this  reliable  and  well-known 
brand  of  Steel,  for  mining  and  other  uses,  now  in  stock  and  for  sale 

At  No-  417  Market  St,  S.  F.,   -   H.  D.  Morris,  Agent. 


San   Francisco   Pioneer   Screen   Works. 

J.  W.  QUICK,  Manufacturer, 


mm 


Several  first  premiums  received 
I  for  Quart/,  Mill  Screens,  and  Per- 
1  forated  Sheet  Metals  of  every 
I  description.  I  would  call  special 
I  attention  to  my  SLOT  CUT  and 
I  SLOT  PUNCHED  SCREENS, 
I  which  are  attracting  much  at- 
I  tention  and  giving  universal 
1  satisfaction.  This  is  the  only 
I  establishment  on  the  coast  de- 
voted exclusively  to  the  manufac- 
ture of  Screens.  Mill  owners  using  Battery  Screens  exten- 
sively can  contract  for  large  supplies  at  favorable  rates. 
Orders  sollcitedand  promptly  attended  to. 

32  Fremont  Street.  San  Francisco. 
Much  Obliged,  Etc 

Portland,  Oregon,  June  26th,  1877. 
Dbwbt  &  Co.,  Patent  Solicitors,  S.  F.—  Gents:  I  am 
much  obliged  to  you  for  courtesy  shown  me,  and  am  much 
pleased  with  the  manner  in  which  you  have  done  my  bus- 
iness, and  assure  you,  will  cheerfully  recommend  you  to 
my  acquaintance  needing  such  services.  Hope  to  have  a 
case  again  before  long,  of  my  own.  I  have  been  an  inventor 
all  ray  life,  but  let  others  reap  the  benefit,  or  had  work 
stolen  from  me.  Please  have  the  extra  copies  of  my  pa 
ent,  etc.,  mailed  to  me  direct,  and  oblige 

Yours  truly,  J.  H.  Woodrum. 


THE    AMERICAN 


■TURBINE 


AD  sizes, 
and  adapted  to ' 

from         _  ._._ 

3to50°      Water  Wheek 


feet  head 


THE  BEST  IN  THE 
WORLD  ! 

Send  for  our  Circular 
and  Prices. 

BERRY  &  PLACE. 

Market  St.,  Head  of  Front, 

San  Francisco. 


htepfc 


OBTAINED  IN  V.  S.  AND  FOREIGN 
COUNTRIES;  trademarks,  labels  and  copy- 
rights registered  through  DEWEY  &  CO. 'S 
Mining  and  Scientific  Press  Patent 
Agency,  San  Francisco.  Send  for  free  circular 


RUSSELL'S  AMALGAMATOR. 


Patented  June  25th,   lbTS. 


SAVE    YOTTIR,    GOLD 
And    Also    SAVE    YOUR    QUICKSILVER. 

The  above  Washer  and  Amalgamator  with  new  patent  Wire  Bridge  Quicksilver  Boxes  attached,  can  be  worked 
wet  or  dry,  either  by  hand,  steam,  horse  or  water  power,  ami  is  fusily  taken  apart  and  packed.  For  washing  Pulp, 
Earth,  Gra\el,  Mill  Tailings  or  Black  Sand,  it  is  without  a  rival. 

Has  been  Thoroughly  Tested  and  given  Complete  Satisfaction. 

The  entire  Lining,  Hanging  Plates,  Riffles  and  Boxes  Amalgamated 

IS    GUARANTEED    TO  SAVE    THE    FINEST    OR     FLOAT    GOLD. 

Capacity,  30  to  00  tons  per  day,  according  to  size.     For  further  particulars  apply  to 

J.   MORIZIO,  Gen'l  Agt.. 

Room  24,  Safo  Deposit  Building,  Corner  Montgomery  and  California  Streets,   SAN  FRANCISCO. 


ELECTRIC    LIGHT. 

BRUSH    PATENT. 
The  Best,  Cheapest,  Cleanest,  and  Most  Powerful  Light  in  the  World. 

In  daily  use  at  the  Palace  Hotel  and  the  Union  Iron  Works,  S.  F. 


For  Lighting  Mines,  Factories,  Mills,  Streets, 
Theaters,  Public  Halls,  Etc.,  It  has  no  Equal, 
either  for  Brilliancy  or  Cheapness. 

For  further  particulars,  Catalogues,  Prices,  Etc., 
apply  to 

WILLIAM    KERR, 

President  S.  F.  Telegraph  Supply  Co., 

903  Battery  St.,  San  Francisco. 


CD 


Cl    g 


4  co, gg 


.f9J-L£rs 


^K°-S1'^  PANS  ANDS 


CD 


AGENTS         ,r  01 


mBm^^^m 


SYSTEMATIC 

'°NCENTIi!ATlON 
/On 


R0ASTINQ  cylinders 
:AL"MACHlNeP 


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Address,  FBABBB,  CHALMERS  «Sfc  CO..  Cllic»EO,  111. 


1  MXTSICA.L  BOXES 

S        For  Holiday,  Birthday  and  Wedding  Presents. 


S3 
3D 

3> 


CO 

LU 

X 


HVL\    J". 


CO., 


o 

CO 


ZF^IXjXj.A.IR,!}     &c 

Manufacturers  and  Importers, 

No.  120  Sutter  St.,  San  Francisco. 


m 

D 


30 


30 
CO 


48 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC'   PRESS. 


[January  18.    1879. 


BURLEIGH   BOCK   DRILL 

Does  more  work  at  Less  Cost  And 

THAN  ANY  OTHER   ROCK  DRILL.   LADDEE 

Trucks. 


Mining    Machinery    Depot, 

PARKE   &   LACY,   417   Market  St. 

AIR  COMPRESSORS  and  ROCK  DRILLS. 

HOISTIDSTG    IE  1ST  O- 1  IN"  IBS, 

ALL  SIZES,  DOUBLE  AND  SINGLE,  WITH  SINGLE  and  DOUBLE  REELS.  fi~'. 

Pressure  Blowers.     Diamond  Anti-Friction  Metal.     Flexible   Shafts 
PUMP 

And 

AIR 
COLUMN. 

HOOK 

MACHINISTS'   TOOLS. 


Centrifugal  Pumps  for  Irrigating.       BURLE|GH  A|R    C0MPRESS0R 

Gives  Better  Results  than  any 
Compressor  Known. 

Putnam's    Wood-Working    Machinery. 


FIRE  E2TGX2TES, 

Babcock  Chemical  Engines, 
Hose  Carts  and  Fire  Extinguishers.      D"NE'S     STEAM      PUMPS, 

°  VERTICAL     AND     HORIZONTAL. 


Lathe  Chucks.      Farmers'  Battery. 

HILL'S    EXPLODERS. 

SEND    FOR  CIRCULARS. 


KI5I23SkI 


MANUFACTURED  UNDER  A.    NOBEL'S  ORIGINAL  AND  ONLY  VALID   NITRO-GLYCERINE  PATENTS 

Nos.  ONE,    TWO    and    THREE. 

Stronger,   Better  and  Safer  than  any  other  High  Explosive. 


tPacLson    Powder 

IS  NOW  USED  IN  ALL  LARGE  HYDRAULIC  CLAIMS. 

It  breaks  more  ground,   pulverizes  it  better,   saves  time  and  mouey,   and  is    superseding    the    ordinary 
powder  wherever  it  is  tried.     £3TTriple  Force  Caps  and  all  Grades  of  Fuse. 

BANDMANN,    NIELSEN    &    CO..  San  Francisco. 

The  FRUE  ORE  CONCENTRATOR7 

Adams  &  Carter,  Agents. 


JOHN  -M.     ADAMS. 


WM.     P.    CARTER. 


Testimonials  as  to  the  perfect 
working  of  the  Concentrator  to  be 
seen  at  the  office. 


MINING  AND  MECHANICAL  ENGINEERS. 

Room   7,   No.   109  California  St.,  San  Francisco.     P.  0.  Box  '2.0IJS. 


VULCAN  BLASTING  POWDER. 


The    strongest    and 
most  economical  ex- 
■  plosive  in  use, 


THE  NEVADA  OVAL  TOP  RETORT. 

The  advantage  of  this  Retort  over  the  OLD  FLAT 
PATTERN  is,  that  it  can  be  filled  full  of  Amalgam,  there- 
by holding  more  than  the  old  style,  besides  avoiding  all 
danger  of  an  explosion  owing  to  the  crown  space  in  the 
cover  which  allows  for  the  expansion.  They  are  made 
extra  heavy,  WELL  GROUND  in  the  joints,  and  are  fur- 
nished with  a  strong  Norway  clamp,  having  a  wrought 
iron  key  which  can  be  driven  in  or  out  of  place  by  a  single 
stroke  of  a  hammer. 

The  Annoying  Thumb-Screws  are  Entirely 
Done   Away   With. 


"We  Make  Seven  Sizes,  as  follows: 

Number  or  Pints 1     2      3      4      5      6  10 

Holds  Pounds  Quicksilver. .   1LJ  25    3S    50    63    75  125 

Weight  each lOtbs  15    18    25    31     44  65 


Wherever  it  has  been  given  a  test,  it  has  surpassed  all  other  high  explosives. 

i.  123  California    _ 
SAN    FRANCISCO. 


M/nnl/e  ■>♦    SAN  PABLO,  California,  I  fi,,ir>P      No.  123  California  Street, 

WUIKSsdl         and  RENO,  Nevada.  Ullll/tS,  sArj    FRANCISCO. 


GARDNER'S 

Celebrated 


Governor 


These  Steam  Governors  have   long- 
been  known  as  THE  BEST,  and 
as  lately  Improved  and  Per- 
fected, they  have  no  Rival. 

THE    SAFETY    STOP 

On  these  Governors  is  alone  worth   double  the  price  of 
the  Governor.     We  have  sold  over  six  hundred,  and 

Never  one  has  Failed. 

They  are  sold  at  the  same  price  (or  less)  as  ordinary 
Governors.     Send  for  Circular. 

BERRY  &   PLACE, 

Market,  head  of  Front  St..  San  Francisco 


< 
CO 
CO 

< 


504 


Washington  St., 
SAN  FRANCISCO. 


<0*S»LT"»G  ENGINE  OtAM"»fff„MJStV 


The    Explorers'.  Miners'  &    Metallurgists'  Companion 

672  pages,  S3  Illustration*.  (2d.  Edition.)  Price    8  10  SO 

The  Prospector's  Patented  "Wee  Pet"  Assayer        100  00 

The  Testing  machine  for  Gold.  Silver,  Lead.  Etc..    40  00 

Cabinet  of  Fluxes  etc..  for  these  machines 20  00 

Pocket  Laboratory  for  Blov/pipists 5000 

Vest  Pocket  Blowpipe 300 

CHARGES.— Ashaylno.  §3;  TESTiNa,"s2per' metal. 


A.  S.  HALLIDiE, 

nia^Streetj 


Office,  No.  I 
s 


iron  and  Steel  Wire  Rope, 

Flat  and  Round,  for  Mining  flipping, 
Soisting  and  Qv^Tymposes. 

Having  the/'moSt  ctVRplete  Jtmlextensive 
Wus«ft5ftB  Rfcrks  id  theVtfnited  States.  I  am 
prepffced^omaWajftiire  Wire  Ropo  and  Cables 
of  anjjlengtn  or  size  at  short  notice,  and  guar- 
antee the  quality  and  workmanship  equal  to 
any  made  at  home  or  abrj 

Iron,  S 

Of  all 


vajized  Wire 


Circular. 

A.  S.  HAIXIDIE. 

Offlcs,  No.  e  California  St.,  San  Francisco 


This  paper  is  printed  with  Ink  furnished  by 
Chas.  Eneu  Johnson  &  Co.,  509  South  10th 
St.,  Philadelphia  &  50  Gold;  St.,  IN.  T. 


Mortars  and  Pestles, 

GROUND    INSIDE. 


Size— Quarts \       1       2      4      6      8       12      16 

Hight— Inches  .. .  3i      5      6    74    Si      9       11         1 
Weight— Pounds  .  6J       9     16    22    37    43      72      86 


Bullion    Ladle. 


Forged    from    one    piece    of    Charcoal    Iron,    eight    inches  in 
diameter  by  four  inches  deep. 

Send   for   Circular   and   Prices. 


DUNHAM,  CARRIGAN  &  CO.,  Agents,  San  Francisco. 


ell  Drilling,  Boring, 

Miaaril  Praspecting  and  Quarrying  Tools. 

lOgfaBBt  Award  nt  rmt^nnlnl  Exlill.illtm.  The  beat  nnd  most 
practical  ivdl-dunni,*  M:u:hiijerv  iu  tho  world.  Quick-^aml,  boulders 
and  rook  easily  handled.    Address 

California  Artesian  Well  &  Mining  Co. 

302 Sansomc Street,  San  Fra  nciscn,  Ctrl: 
E.  P.  UILL,  JhmiiSor.  J.  IV.  R.  HILL,  Engineer. 

Dealers  in  Well-Angers,  Boch-Vrills,  Wind- 
Mills, Tumps  and  Hydraulic  Machinery,  and 
Contractors  for  Artesian  {Flowing)  Wells  of 
any  depth  to  3000  feet. 

(Machine*!  anil  Wells  can  be  seen  in  operation.) 

03-AQFXTS  W.4JfTED  "Bft 


Dewey  &Co{2s°02mes|n; 


PatentAg'ts 


Paul's  Pulverizing  Barrel. 

Almarin  B.  Paul.— Sir:— Your  Pulverizing  Barrel  I  am 
much  pleased  with.  It  seems  to  combine  all  the  requi- 
sites fir  cheaply  reducing',  quartz  to  auy  degree  of  fine- 
ness desired.  As  a  ma  hine  for  preparing  ore  for  the 
Lixiviatixg  Process,  it  certainly  ig  a  most  perfect  one, 
from  the  fact  that  it  will  deliver  the  ore,  in  granulated 
form,  no  matter  how  fine  it  may  be  desired  to  have  the 
grains,  thus  allowing  rapid  percolation  of  the  dissolving 
liquid.  Working  in  connection  with  crushers  as  I  have 
used  it,  it  certainly  is  ahead  of  any  stamping  machinery. 
J.  O.  faTEWART. 
For  particulars  and  circulars  apply  to 

ALMARIN    B.    PAUL, 
Room  20,  Safe  Deposit  Building,  San  Francisco. 


Engraving  done  at  this  office. 


An  I  Hast  rated  Journal  of 


BV    DEWKY    A    CO., 


SAN  FRANCISCO,  SATURDAY,  JANUARY  25,  1879. 


VOLUME    3t3CXVlIX 
Number    -1. 


The  Little  Wonder. 

We  illustrate  herewith  a  bo  IE  -  calculating 
sample  and  button  weigher,  for  prospectors  and 
assayers*  use,  a  patent  for  which  has  just  been 
obtaiuud  through  the  MINING  AND  SCIENTIFIC 
PjtflflS  Patent  Agency,  by  Mr.  J.  S.  Phillips, 
the  well  known  author  and  mining  engineer  of 
this  city.  It  is  a  combination  in  one  device,  of 
weighing  scales,  balances,  weights,  forceps,  cal- 
culating tables,  or  scales,  by  which  the  iuventor 
provides  a  simple  and  ready  apparatus,  with 
which  the  prospector  can  accurately  determine 
the  dollars  per  ton  in  gold  and  silver,  as  well  as 
the  fineness  and  percentage.  It  is  well  named 
"The  Little  Wonder." 

The  stand  or  case  i3  made  of  metal,  and  has 
an  open  top  and  ends.  Across  the  center  is  an 
upright  grippiug  piece,  in  which  is  an  inverted 
knife  edge,  on  which  the  beam  is  balanced.  This 
metal  beam  has  at  one  end  and  forming  a  per- 
manent part  of  it,  a  conical  platinum  cup,  and 
at  the  other  end  a  small  knife-edged  crook,  on 
which  may  be  hooked  a  little  pan.  To  balance 
this  aluminum  pan  when  attached  to  the  crook 
by  a  hook  and  silk  cord,  a  balance-clasp  is  put 
on  the  beam.  This  clasp  is  shown  snapped  on 
to  the  forceps  ready  for  use.  When  balanced  by 
the  clasp  the  pan  can  be  used  for  weighing  the 
sample  bullion,  and  buttons  in  the  usual  manner. 

Ou  the  back  of  the  case  arc  two  lugs,  L, 
which  hold  the  beam  in  position,  when  it  is  not 
in  use.  The  knife-edge,  on 
which  the  beam  rests,  extends 
to  the  back  of  the  case;  and  by 
sliding  the  gear  back  and  slight- 
ly springing  the  ends  under  the 
lugs,  it  is  held  Krmly  in  place. 
The  gudgeon  piece  or  inverted 
kuife  action  is  shownin  the  center 
of  the  beam.  The  weights  for 
use  on  this  beam  are  made  in 
the  form  of  riders,  and  are  kept 
in  the  weight  case,  W,  which 
has  a  cover,  a3  shown,  to  keep 
them  in  place.  Ou  the  beam  is 
fitted  a  permanent  adjunetory 
or  regulating  paper  disk  weight, 
which  may  be  slid  back  or  forth. 
The  riders  or  weights  are  of 
different  colors,  for  easier  dis- 
crimination. 

On  the  inside  of  the  case,  under 
the  beam,  is  placed  a  scale, 
marked  or  printed  on  paper 
marked  cross  lines,  which 
ation  with  the  different  colored  and  weighted 
riders,  will  give  the  value  in  gold  or  silver  bul- 
lion in  dollars  and  cents,  without  the  necessity 
of  figures  or  any  calculation  whatever  on  the  part 
of  the  operator,  who  is  not  even  required  to  read 
figures  as  Done  are  used. 

The  front  part  of  the  stand  is  turned  over  to 
form  a  circular  hollow  side,  inside  of  which  is 
placed  the  large  bar  weight,  used  as  a  balance 
for  samples  of  ore.  The  heavy  beam  is  made 
semi-tubular  at  its  center,  and  on  its  closed  side 
is  made  a  diamond-shaped  slot  (shown  in  en- 
graving) by  which  the  beam  is  kept  in  proper 
position  on  the  knife  top  when  in  use.  Two 
large  pans,  P,  are  used  with  this  beam  and  are 
suspended  from  its  ends  by  hooka  andsilk  cords. 
This  beam  is  used  for  weighing  samples  of  aurif- 
erous quartz  and  large  silver  assays.  These 
pans  have  only  two  sides,  which  when  not  in 
use  tit  under  the  stand  or  case,  the  sides  pro- 
jecting upward  as  shown,  so  as  to  encircle  said 
case.  The  three  weights  used  with  these  pans 
are  made  of  different  siz':s  and  colors.  They 
are  made  of  wire  rod  bent  into  S  0  shape, 
indicating  that  they  are  self-calculating  weights. 
These  are  used  for  weighing  the  samples  to  be 
assayed,  the  resultant  button  being  weighed  on 
the  other  beam  bythe  other  weightsasdescribed. 

By  weighing  a  sample  of  bullion  or  base  metal 
ore  to  equal  either  of  the  riders,  or  any  other 
quantity,  by  a  rider-shaped  weight,  the  thous- 
andth fine  of  such  metals,  or  percentage  of  such 
ores  may  be  known  at  sight  after  cupellation  or 
reduction,  by  simply  placing  each  of  the  several 
resultant  buttons  in  the  cup,  and  sliding  the 
ame  rider  to  correct  the  balance  upon  the  other 
ud  of  the  beam  opposite  the  appropriate  scale. 


It  will  be  readily  seen  that  by  taking  suitable 
quantities  as  provided  by  the  large  yellow  bar 
for  gold,  and  the  yellow  S  0  weight  for  silver, 
not  only  the  percentage  aud  thousandths  line 
may  be  obtained  as  above,  but  also  the  value 
in  dollars  per  ton  for  gold  and  silver,  the  same 
scale  being  common  to  all  fire  methods  of  as- 
saying. 

This  device  is  extremely  portable,  the  beams, 
weights,  pans,  pliers,  all  fitting  together,  as 
shown,  so  as  to  be  slipped  in  a  small  box  and  put 
in  the  pocket.  It  affords  a  portable,  convenient, 
self- calculator,  and  exceedingly  delicate  weigher 
of  minute  buttons,  and  such  assays  may  be 
made  with  very  great  accurracy.  But  it 
may  also  be  used  for  furnace  assay  buttons, 
either  by  its  self-calculation  or  the  scale,  or  for 
those  who  may  prefer  it,  by  attaching  the  pan 
and  weighing  by  any  decimated  weights  in  the 
pan  itself,  which  may  still  be  read  under  the 
self-caculating  mode  or  by  any  more  ordinary 
manner. 

Being  entirely  portable,  delicate  and  efficient, 
this  apparatus  is  of  great  use  to  prospectors  as 
it  does  away  with  the  necessity  of  expensive 
balances  which  occupy  considerable  room  and 
require  care  and  skill  in  management,  This 
apparatus  contains  all  that  is  required  for  such 
simple  assays  as  prospectors  need  to  make,  and 
obviates  the  necessity  of  any  calculations  being 
made,  the  weights,  as  described,  being  self-cal- 
culating.    Itis  specially  devised  forblow  pipists. 

The  illustration  is  full  size,  and  the  price  of 
the  whole  apparatus  is  $25. 


Pacific   Coast   Cone-Bearers. — We  begin 
this  week  the  publication  of  a  series'  of  articles 


Copper  Metallurgy, 

Mr.  Tulio  Ospina,  a  student  of  the  College  of 
Mining  of  the  University  of  California,  proposes 
a  modification  in  the  precipitation  of  copper,  by 
means  of  iron,  in  its  extraction  by  the  wet  pro- 
cess, to  be  applied  when  the  precipitating  iron 
is  in  the  shape  of  filings  or  won  sponge,  for  the 
purpose  of  avoiding  the  mixing  of  the  fine  iron 
with  the  copper  precipitates. 

The  process  consists  in  packing  the  iron  into 
bags  before  putting  it  into  the  copper  solution. 
It  is  based  on  the  principle  that  the  precipita- 
tion is  effected  in  an  electrolithic  way — a  fact 
that  Mr.  Ospina  has  proved  conclusively  by  the 
following  experiments: 

He  packed  some  iron  in  a  linen  bag,  with  a 
piece  of  copper  wire,  in  such  a  way  that  only  a 
part  of  the  latter  would  project  outside  of  the 
bag.  This  having  been  placed  in  a  solution  of 
sulphate  of  copper,  a  thick  layer  of  copper  was 
deposited  on  the  copper  wire. 

A  similar  arrangement,  but  in  which  the 
copper  wire  was  isolated  from  the  iron  by  a 
piece  of  glass  tubing,  remained  in  the  solution 
till  all  the  copper  was  precipitated  on  the  linen, 
while  there  was  none  on  the  wire. 

The  precipitation,  when  effected  in  the  pro- 
posed way,  takes  of  course  longer  time  thau  if 
it  were  effected  by  uncovered  iron;  but  not  so 
much  longer  as  it  would  seem  at  first  sight,  on 
account  of  the  precipitation   being  electrolithic. 

Experiments  made  with  bags  of  different 
kind3  of  materials  gave  the  following  results,  as 


PHILLIPS'    SELF-CALCULATING    SAMPLE    AND    BUTTON    WEIGHER,    FOR    PROSPECTORS. 


with  properly 
combiu- 


on  the  cone-bearers  of  California,  written  for 
the  Press  by  Prof.  J.  G-.  Lemmon,  of  Sierra 
Valley.  Prof.  Lemmon  is  well  known  to  our 
readers  as  a  botanist  of  high  standing,  and  as  a 
writer  whose  love  of  nature,  brilliant  imagina- 
tion and  warm  heart  lie  near  his  pen  point  and 
give  a  glow  to  all  his  composition.  The  series 
which  we  now  have  in  baud  will  be  found  of  a 
more  popular  character  than  the  essays  on  the 
subject,  by  Prof.  Asa  Gray,  which  we  published 
ast  summer.  They  will,  however,  be  no  less 
accurate  as  scientific  reviews  of  the  subjects 
advanced.  Prof.  Lemmon  has  lived  for  years 
among  the  trees  which  he  presents  to  his  readers, 
and  has  studied  them  as  familiar  faces.  To  be 
sure  of  his  accuracy  on  scientific  points,  the 
series  has  been  examined  by  Dr.  Engelmann,  of 
St.  Louis,  who  leads  the  van  in  this  branch  of 
botany.  We  trust  that  all  our  readers  who  are 
interested  in  trees  (and  who  is  not?)  will  study 
this  series  of  articles  carefully  and  acquire  an 
accurate  knowledge  of  this  division  of  local 
botany,  which  will  be  always  of  educational 
and  practical  advantage  to  them.  Prof.  Lem- 
mon rloes  public  service  by  his  writings  of  this 
kind,  and  we  trust  his  reward  for  his  honest 
work  will  come  in  due  time,«from  the  pockets, 
as  well  as  the  hearts  of  the  people. 

The  London  and  San  Francisco  Bank  has  re- 
ceived a  telegram  from  its  London  correspondent, 
announcing  that  Lawrence  0.  Hall,  the  abscond- 
ing clerk  who  got  away  with  about  §40,000  of 
the  bank's  money,  was  arrested  on  the  steamer 
Oceanic,  but  whether  at  Yokohama  or  Hong- 
kong the  dispatch  does  not  state. 

The  United  States  sailing  ship  Comillution 
went  ashore  the  other  day  on  the  English  coast. 


to  the  amount  of  copper  precipitated  inside  of 
the  bag,  and  the  relative  time  of  the  precipita- 
tion: 


Number  of 
Threads  per  Centi- 
meter of  the 
Staff. 

Percent  of  Copper 

Precipitate 

inside  of  the 

Bag. 

Length  of  Time 

Required 
for  the  Precipi- 
tation. 

12 
18 
31 

3.1 
2.0 
2.3 

5h   45" 
6h  60' 
8h     2' 

The  precipitation  has  to  be  made  at  a  high 
temperature,  and  from  a  solution  not  exceeding 
12°  B,  in  order  to  obtain  a  loose  precipitate, 
that  can  be  easily  detached  from  the  bag.  To 
make  this,  a  canvas  made  of  well-twisted  threads 
is  to  be  preferred. 

The  applicability  of  this  process,  as  that  of 
all  the  metallurgical  processes,  depends  on  lo- 
cal circumstances;  but  so  far,  we  do  not  see 
why  it  could  not  be  used  in  the  localities  where 
only  iron  sponge  is  to  be  had  as  a  precipitating 
agent  for  copper,  with  the  advantage  of  saving, 
by  the  use  of  some  more  time  and  fuel,  the  ex- 
pense and  trouble  of  refining  the  copper  when 
it  is  mixed  with  a  large  amount  of  iron. 


Our  series  of  articles  on  the  quicksilver  mines 
of  old  Almaden  are  concluded  with  a  showing  of 
the  total  product  from  1564  to  1875,  amounting 
to  120,000,000  tons  in  weight.  Apropos,  is  the 
present  value  of  quicksilver,  for  a  graphic  rep- 
resentation of  which  we  are  indebted  to  a  fluctu- 
ation profile  prepared  by  Mr.  J.  B.  Randol,  cov- 
ering the  period  from  1850  to  1877.  The  price 
was  lower  in  1877  than  ever  before,  during  the 
period  mentioned,  except  in  1861  and  1862, 
averaging  between  40  and  50  cents  per  pound. 


Academy  of  Sciences. 

The  regular-meeting  of  the  Academy  of  Scien- 
ces was  held  on  Monday  evening  last.  Dr. 
Blake  read  a  paper  on  "The  Rainfall  in  Differ- 
ent Parts  of  the  State."  It  was  shown  that 
nearly  all  points  on  the  coast  receive  more  rain 
than  San  Francisco.  The  largest  fall  last  year 
was  at  Truckee,  viz.,  87$  inches. 

Dr.  Kellogg  read  a  description  of  a  Japanese 
plant,  purporting  to  be  a  superior  substitute  for 
asparagus,  cooked  and  eaten  in  the  same  way. 
The  seeds  of  this  plant  had  been  brought  from 
Japan,  but  it  had  been  cultivated  here  by  Dr. 
Kellogg  and  Mr.  Harford,  successfully,  and  the 
specimen  of  the  plant  exhibited  was  that  raised 
here. 

A  paper  upon  the  "Genesis  of  Cinnabar  De- 
posits" was  read  by  S.  B.  Christy.  The  pur- 
pose of  the  paper  was  to  determine  whether  cin- 
nabar deposits  were  formed,  as  is  usually  sup- 
posed, by  volatibzation  or  from  solutions.  In 
the  first  place,  the  most  noted  cinnabar  mines 
were  briefly  considered,  and  that  of  New  Alma- 
den was  minutely  described.  Second,  a  brief 
statement  of  the  chemical  properties  of  cinna- 
bar, as  at  present  known,  was  given,  showing 
that  the  present  state  of  knowledge  was  in- 
sufficient to  explain  the  formation  of  cinnabar 
in  the  wet  way.  Third,  the  results  of  some 
original  experiments  made  by  the  author  at  the 
University  of  California  were  described.  These 
experiments  were  undertaken  at 
temperatures  of  from  150°  to 
250°  Centigrade,  and  at  pres- 
sures of  steam  of  from  200  to 
500  pounds  per  square  inch.  The 
results  showed  that  cinnabar  was 
soluble  in  the  alkaline  sulphides 
under  these  circumstances.  The 
author  succeeded  in  producing 
artificial  cinnabar  similar  to  that 
which  occurs  in  nature.  Also 
from  the  New  Alnviden  Vichy 
water  by  addiDg  sulphydric  acid, 
in  a  similar  manner,  cinnabar 
was  produced.  Fourth  and  lastly, 
the  author  discussed  the  relative 
probabilities  of  the  rival  theories, 
and  showed  by  a  preponderance 
of  evidence  that  the  depositts  of 
cinnabar,  as  they  exist  at 
present  in  situ,  are  undoubtedly 
the  result  of  deposit  from  solu- 
tion in  solutions  of  the  alkaline  carbonates. 

Prof.  Davidson  expected  to  have  read  a  paper 
"On  Instruments  of  Precision,"  but  illness  pre- 
vented his  attending  the  meeting.  The  paper 
will  probably  be  read  at  the  meeting  on  the 
first  Monday  in  February. 

Tricks  that  are  Vain. 

We  have  been  favored  with  another  example 
—from  Mr.  J.  S.  Phillips,  M.  E.— where  a 
peculiar  method  of  salting  had  evidently  been 
used.  It  consisted  in  dissolving  an  ordinary 
amalgam  of  silver  and  mercury  in  sulphuric 
acid,  dipping  porous  sand-stones  in  the  solution, 
and  then  disguising  the  excess  of  acid  by  am- 
monia. 

The  suspicious  character  of  the  stones  and  the 
peculiarly  precious  story  of  a  mile  square  of 
such  high  ($500)  average  rock,  induced  the  in- 
tended victim  to  seek  chemical  aid,  which 
exposed  unnatural  quantities  of  sulphur,  quick- 
silver, and  even  ammonia. 

Subsequent  examination  of  the  so-called  valu- 
able property  led  to  its  condemnation,  as  none 
of  these  substances  were  found  on  the  extensive 
scale  described,  in  otherwise  similar  natural 
formations. 


An  organized  raid  has  been  made  by  the  Los 
Angeles  police  on  the  Chinese  opium  dens,  and 
for  the  first  time  a  law  is  found  to  fit  their  case. 
These  places  will  now  probably  be  entirely 
broken  up. 

Secretary  Sherman,  on  Saturday,  called  for 
redemption  $20,000,000  of  5.20  bonds  of  1S65, 
consols  of  1867. 


50 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS 


[January  25,  1879. 


Correspondence. 


We  admit,  imendoraed,  opinions  of  correspondents.—  Eds. 


About  the  Snake  River  Gold  Mines. 

How  to  Save  tlie  Gold. 

"Editors  Press  : — In  reference  to  the  Snake 
river  country  I  will  give  you  what  I  know  to 
be  facts,  partly  from  personal  observation  and 
from  information  gathered  from  reliable  parties 
who  have  but  recently  returned,  among  them 
Prof.  J.  E.  Clayton.  You  say  that  many  peo- 
ple at  the  Bay  think  the  Snake  river  reports  a 
humbug,  aud  got  up  in  the  interests  of  traders, 
etc.  This  is  quite  an  erroneous  opinion.  I  have 
had  men  in  my  employ  for  years  who  were 
prospecting  that  stream  in  1870,  following  it  up 
from  Taylor's  bridge  for  400  miles  ;  they 
reported  then  finding  gold  all  the  way  up,  but 
bo  fine  that  they  could  not  make  wages  with 
pan  and  rocker,  but  used  amalgamated  copper 
plates,  then  making  high  wages.  They  did  not 
prospect  then  for  lodes  or  veins  bearing  gold,  but 
followed  up  the  stream  for  coarser  placer  gold, 
that  could  be  saved  in  the  sluices.  They  were 
not  prepared  at  that  time,  to  try  the  plates  as 
thoroughly  as  they  are  used  now,  but  used 
quicksilver  in  riffle  boxes.  They  reported  find- 
ing bars  where  they  could  make  four  and  five 
dollars  a  day  to  the  hand  on  the  average,  and 
sometimes  $30,  $40  and  §50  per  day,  but  were 
much  harassed  and  troubled  by  Indians  attempt- 
ing to  steal  their  stock. 

The  whole  valley  and  river  bottom  is  fre- 
quented by  the  Snakes,  Shoshones,  and  other 
tribes,  for  fishing  purposes.  The  stream  affords 
any  amount  of  sturgeon,  salmon,  and  various 
kinds  of  fish.  The  sturgeon  are  very  large, 
some  of  them  weighing  150  pounds.  Though 
supposed  to  be  friendly,  the  Indians  of  this 
region  have  always  shown  a  disposition  to  annoy 
small,  parties. 

The  river  bottom  is  not  a  continuous  valley. 
In  many  places  it  runs  through  barren  sage 
brush  plains  ;  in  other  portions  through  beauti- 
ful fertile  valleys.  But  little  timber  is  found, 
except  cofctonwoods  upon  the  immediate  banks 
of  the  river,  until  it  turns  north  towards  the 
Columbia,  and  above  the  first  canyon.  This  is 
situated  30  miles  or  more  above  Taylor's  bridge, 
and  is  25  miles  long. 

Most  of  the  mining  was  done  in  '70  and  '71, 
below  the  bridge.  The  bedrock  there,  is  a  lava 
rock  ;  and  the  gold  on  the  bars  is  in  sand  with 
fine  shells,  but  very  little  clay  is  found.  Above 
the  canyon  there  are  extensive  gravel  beds  50 
feet  high,  showing  cement  gravel  where  the 
river  has  changed  its  bed,  good  gravel  claims 
will  no  doubt  be  found.  Above  this  the  stream 
forks  into  the  north,  middle  and  east  forks.  On 
some  of  these  good  hydraulic  claims  were  opened 
several  years  ago,  and  it  is  said  coarser  gold  was 
found  on  some  of  the  branches. 

That  it  is  a  gold  country  for  400  miles  along 
Snake  river,  does  not  admit  of  a  doubt.  If 
there  are  any  traders  to  be  benefited  by  reports, 
they  have  established  themselves  lately,  and 
since  we  passed  through  the  country  in  '71.  It 
is  a  good  stock  range  and  a  great  game  country, 
ducks,  geese,  deer,  antelope  and  hare  are  plenti- 
ful along  the  whole  stream.  That  portion  of  it 
now  being  prospected,  runs  through  several 
detached  spurs  of  the  Rocky  and  Blue  moun- 
tain ranges.  These  canyons  are  steep,  rocky 
and  hard  to  penetrate  with  animals.  Here  of 
course,  there  is  plenty  of  fall,  but  very  little 
chance  to  get  at  the  river  bed.  Outside  of  these 
gorges  where  the  river  spreads  out  and  forms 
bars,  there  is  but  little  fall  and  water.  To  get 
any  considerable  head,  water  will  have  to  be 
brought  long  distances — if  indeed  that  is 
practicable,  on  account  of  the  sandy  nature  of 
the  soil.  Doubtless  gold  will  be  found  in  the 
vicinity  of  small  branches  and  the  canyons 
above  referred  to,  where  water  may  be  obtained 
without  pumping  it  from  the  river. 

The  Present  Method  of  Saving  the  Gold 
Is  simply  adapting  the  mill  process  of  saving 
the  gold  outside  of  the  batteries  ;  and  parties 
succeed  who  copy  this  process  as  nearly  as 
possible,  provided  always  that  there  is  plenty 
of  gold  to  save. 

I  read  with  much  pleasure  the  opinions  of 
Messrs.  Attwood  and  Paul,  on  gold  amalgama- 
tion, rusty  gold,  etc.  They  are  both  gentlemen 
of  long  practical  experience,  and  their  ideas 
tally  with  the  settled  convictions  of  a  large 
majority  of  old  miners  and  millmen.  Ask  them 
to  explain  through  your  columns,  why  it  is  that 
gold  scraped  from  a  retort- will  not  readily  amal- 
gamate. Such  is  the  fact;  sometimes  a  little 
adheres  to  the  bottom  when  the  retort  has  been 
overheated;  on  chipping  this  off  it  is  difficult  to 
make  the  gold  amalgamate  with  clean  quick- 
silver. I  often  thought  of  trying  to  ascertain 
the  cause,  but  never  attempted  to  do  so;  and  it 
is  now  several  years  since  I  have  had  the  op- 
portunity. Mining  in  this  section  is  confined  to 
silver  and  galena  ores. 

In  conclusion,  without  going  minutely  into 
the  details  of  gold  amalgamation,  I  will  say  in 
general  terms,  the  slower  the  gold  can  be  made 
to  pass  over  the  plates,  the  more  will  adhere  to 
them.  It  is  scarcely  necessary  to  say  the  more 
perfectly  the  gold  is  freed  from  clay,  sand  and 
all  other  sticky  gangue  matter,  before  it  reaches 
the  plates,  the  better;  for  the  reason  that  if 
much  remains  you  must  either  use  a  large  head 
of  water,  or  set  the  plates  steep;  either  of  which 
is  against  close  amalgamation.     In  placer  min- 


ing the  gold  is  nearly  always  mixed  with  more 
or  less  clay.  It  is  absolutely  necessary  to  free 
the  gold  from  this  before  its  reaches  the  plates. 
To  do  this  it  often  requires  a  large  and  swift 
head  of  water  in  the  sluices.  The  sluices  should 
be  sufficiently  long  to  have  the  clay  forked  back 
until  completely  torn  to  pieces,  and  dissolved, 
so  that  nothing  but  riley  water  passes  over  the 
plates.  Before  the  rush  of  water  reaches  them, 
make  a  quicksilver  trap;  a  box  six  or  eight 
inches  deep  between  the  last  sluice  and  the 
plates.  In  the  center  of  this,  crosswise  of  the 
sluice,  a  gate.  Put  an  inch  of  quicksilver  in 
the  box  and  push  the  gate  down  close  to  it,  so 
that  everything  goes  down  on  the  upper  side  of 
the  gate,  into  the  silver,  and  up  on  the  lower 
side  into  the  amalgamated  plates — having  taken 
a  quicksilver  bath.  Below  the  trap  a  table 
should  be  used  much  wider  than  the  sluices, 
and  the  water  spread  over  it  by  stops  and  cleats, 
with  just  force  enough  to  clean  them  of  sand. 
Keep  the  amalgam  as  soft  as  it  may  be  without 
breaking  and  running  off  the  plate.  Use  rubber 
belting  to  scrape  your  plates,  and  do  not  scrape 
to  clean  at  first;  have  plenty  of  amalgam  on 
them,  you  will  not  lose  by  it.     Trulv  yours, 

'"49er." 
Park  City,  Summit  Co., Utah,  Jan.  1st,  1879. 

Undercurrent  Wheels  for  Hoisting  and 
Washing  Gravel. 

Editors  Press: — Much  has  been  said  and 
written  in  the  Press  about  dip  wheels  and  their 
uses.  Such  a  wheel  has  been  erected  this  sum- 
mer on  Poverty  Bar,  on  the  middle  fork  of  the 
American  river,  Placer  county,  California,  by 
five  workingmen,  no  other  capital  except  their 
labor  and  brains,  combined  with  indomitable 
will ;  they  deserve  much  credit  for  their  energy 
and  perseverance.  The  wheel  is  doing  excellent 
service,  and  they  are  being  amply  rewarded  for 
their  labors  by  working  a  fine  claim,  which  is 
paying  well. 

The  size  of  the  dip  wheel  is  4S  feet  diameter 
and  8  feet  breast.  The  buckets  are  15  inches 
wide  on  each  side  of  the  wheel.  It  lifts  12» 
inches  of  water  48  feet,  and  discharges  it  into  a 
ditch  500  feet  long.  This  water  is  the  power 
for  hoisting  the  dirt  with  a  derrick  and  pumps 
the  water  over  25  inches.  The  pit  is  40  feet 
deep. 

The  latter  wheel  is  29  feet  diameter,  4  feet 
breast.  They  raise  about  30  cars  per  hour ; 
each  car  weighs  1,400  pounds.  This  water  is 
also  used  to  wash  the  dirt,  and  there  is  plenty 
of  water  for  all  purposes. 

Now  will  any  of  your  readers  tell  us  how 
much  water  (miners'  inches)  it  requires  to  run 
the  big  wheel,  and  lift  from  125  to  175  inches 
of  water  48  feet  ? 

By  giving  this  a  place  in  your  valuable  paper 
you  will  much  oblige  a  constant  reader. 

John  Hemsley. 


Cosmic  Meteorology.— No.  1. 

[Written  for  the  Press  by  Samuel  Purnei>l.] 
Some  of  the  readers  of  the  Press  may  remem- 
ber that  about  a  year  ago  a  series  of  articles  was 
published  over  my  signature  on  "Trees  and 
Rainfall,"  in  which  it  was  attempted  to  be 
shown  how  summer  rains  can  be  produced  in 
California.  The  lapse  of  a  year  has  further  con- 
vinced me  as  to  the  soundness  of  the  views 
therein  expressed,  to  the  effect  that  a  consider- 
able rainfall  could  be  induced  during  the  hot 
months  of  summer  by  the  maintenance  of  trees. 
In  one  of  the  articles  some  reference  was  made 
to  the  recently-arisen  question  of  the  relation  of 

Sun-spots  and  EainfaU, 
And  the  extreme  probability  of  the  amount  of 
rainfall  upon  the  Pacific  coast  of  the  United 
States  being  dominated  by  the  11  years  sun- 
spot  period;  also  that,  as  the  year  1877  was  one 
of  a  minimum  sun-spot  group,  I  considered  it 
probable  that  the  ensuing  winter  would  be 
what  is  locally  known  as  "dry;"  that  is,  a  win- 
ter when  the  average  rainfall  throughout  Cali- 
fornia is  not  sufficient  to  secure  fair  crops 
throughout  the  State.  Inasmuch  as  nearly 
twice  the  annual  average  of  rain  actually  fell, 
the  failure  of  the  prophecy  hazarded,  was  so 
complete  as  to  be  almost  ridiculous.  The 
grounds  of  this  supposition  were,  in  brief,  as 
follows:  That  as  all  terrestrial  motion  depends 
upon  the  sun,  more  or  less  activity  of  the  sun 
will  cause  more  or  less  activity  in  the  motive 
powers  at  work  upon  the  earth ;  that  after  many 
years  of  observation  it  has  been  ascertained 
that  the  activity  and  dynamic  qualities  of  the 
sun  vary  from  year  to  year,  and  in  a  cycle  aver- 
aging eleven  and  one-ninth  years;  and  that 
thiB  variation  is  coincident  with,  and  more  or 
less  dependent  upon,  the  increase  and  diminu- 
tion of  the  sun-spots;  that  when  the  surface  of 
the  sun  is  thickly  covered  with  spots,  its 
potency  is  enormously  magnified,  and  the  solar 
forces  which  govern  all  terrestrial  phenomena 
are  correspondingly  exalted;  that  during  the 
period  of  minimum  suu-spots  the  activity  of  the 
sun  is  greatly  lessened,  as  shown  by  the  insig- 
nificance of  the  chromo- sphere,  the  prominen- 
ces, and  the  corona;  that  while  the  whole  scope 
of  the  power  and  influence  of  sun-spots,  or  of 
that  solar  condition  of  which  they  are  indica- 
tive, is  not  much  understood,  yet  enough  is 
known  to  strongly  affirm  that  the  potency  of  the 
leading  terrestrial  physical  phenomena  advances 


and  recedes  as  does  the  quantity  of  the  sun- 
spots;  and  that  a  cycle  of  magnetic  declination, 
of  aurora  polares,  of  cyclones,  of  temperature, 
and  of  rainfall  exists  coincidently  with,  if  not 
completely  governed  by,  the  sun-spot  cycle;  and 
that  while  the  winter  rainfall  of  California  did 
not,  as  yet,  exhibit  exact  accordance  relatively 
with  the  sun-spot  curve,  it  appears  to  be  chiefly 
influenced  by  the  varying  solar  state,  the  maxi- 
mum and  minimum  of  rainfall  generally  occur- 
ring in  the  maximum  and  minimum  sun-spot 
year-groups  respectively;  and  that  there  can  be 
little  doubt  of  the  truth  of  the  broad  assertion 
that,  taking  the  entire  surface  of  the  earth,  the 
totality  of  the  rainfall  is  strictly  variable  rela- 
tively with  the  solar  spots. 

But  the  time  for  prophecy  has  not  yet  come; 
knowing  the  law  of  the  totality  of  rainfall,  its 
local  distribution  is  but  feebly  understood,  and 
cannot  be  predicted.  Why,  in  1877-8,  a  year 
of  the  minimum  sun-spot  group,  California 
should  have  received  a  maximum  rainfall,  I  do 
not  know,  have  no  means  of  knowing,  nor  do  I 
know  of  anyone  who  will  venture  a  theory  upon 
the  cause.  Evidently,  there  is  much  yet  to  be 
ascertained  before  the  rainfall  of  any  particular 
place  can  be  confidently  and  scientifically  pre 
dieted  far  in  advance;  but  very  much,  indeed, 
has  been  accomplished  when  one  is  able  to  say 
that  the  totality  of  rainfall  agrees  with  the  va- 
riation of  a  well-known  heavenly  phenomenon; 
and 

The  Day  will  Come 
When  cosmic  and  terrestrial  meteorology  will 
each  be  so  thoroughly  understood  that  the  local 
rainfall  of  California,  or  of  any  other  State,  can 
be  accurately  predicted  many  years  in  advance. 
When  this,  now  intricate  and  insoluble  problem 
is  mastered,  the  coming  man  will  have  learned 
how  to  produce  rain. 

Although  the  rainfall  for  1877-S,upon  the 
Pacific  coast  of  America,  was  so  largely  in  ex- 
cess of  the  indications,  yet  the  influence  of  the 
minimum  sun  was  remarkable  in  many  other 
parts  of  the  world,  and  the  moisture  that  should 
have  fallen  upon  their  drouthy  lands,  was  in- 
stead poured  upon  this  coast.  From  Alaska  to 
the  equator  the  Pacific  coast  received,  with  some 
exceptions,  from  one  and  a  half  to  three  times 
its  mean  annual  rainfall,  and  most  of  the  entire 
continent  of  North  America  and  western  Europe 
is  reported  to  have  received  more  rain  than 
upon  the  average.     In  contradistinction  to  this, 

Australia, 
In  the  summer  of  1877-8,suffered  a  severe  douth  J 
the  famine  of  India  still  continued;  northern, 
China  experienced  a  drouth  and  resultant  famine 
that  cost  millions  of  lives;  the  Sandwich  islands 
and  other  Pacific  islands  suffered  from  an  un- 
precedented drouth;  Brazil  encountered  her 
most  disastrous  drouth  of  the  century;  in  the 
northern  States  of  Mexico  a  drouth  and  famine 
prevailed  to  such  an  extent  that  provisions  had 
to  be  imported;  in  New  Guinea  the  natives 
suffered  frightfully  from  a  drouth;  a  drouth  that 
caused  the  failure  of  crops  prevailed  on  the 
western  coast  of  South  America;  Persia  and  the 
central  plateaus  of  Asia  were  also  devastated  by 
drouth;  and,  no  doubt,  when  the  returns  shall  all 
he  made  up,  it  will  be  seen  that  upon  the  whole, 
the  rainfall  of  the  last  season  was  largely  below 
the  mean.  Thus  it  will  be  seen  that  there  were 
weighty  reasons  for  the  belief  that  California 
would,  last  season,  meet  with  a  "  dry  winter;" 
and  why  it  did  not,  will  in  the  future  appear 
from  the  law  of  variation,  to  be  discovered. 

It  will  be  interesting  to  examine  briefly  the 
Literature  of  Sun-Spots 
And  their  correlative  manifestations;  to  look 
into  their  cause,  nature  and  character,  their 
periodicity,  the  like  and  almost  equal  peri- 
odicity of  magnetic  variation,  of  cyclones, 
of  aurora  polaris,  of  hurricanes  and  marine 
losses,  of  epidemics,  of  disease,  and  of  drouths 
and  rainfall. 

The  literature  of  sun-spots  commences  with 
the  dawn  of  history.  In  very  ancient  times 
black  spots  upon  the  face  of  the  sun  were,  of 
course,  observed  when  large  enough  to  be  seen 
by  the  unassisted  eye  (?)  They  are  supposed  to 
be  mentioned  in  the  first  Georgic  of  Virgil.  The 
Chinese  recorded  the  appearance  of  sun-spots 
A.  I).  321;  and  Acosta  says  the  natives  of  Peru 
told  the  Spanish  invaders  that  the  sun's  face 
had,  in  former  times,  been  marked  with  spots. 
In  the  year  A.  D.  807,alargespot  wasseenonthe 
sun  for  eight  successive  days.  In  1611  the  first 
scientific  observations  upon  the  spots  were  made 
by  Fabricius ;  and  sobn  after  Galileo  began  to  study 
them,  pursuing  the  subject  with  such  diligence 
that  he  lost  his  eyesight.  But  no  systematic 
observations  were  made  till  Hofrath  Schwabe 
took  up  the  subject  in  1826,  who,  after  about  12 
years'  labor,  first  recognized  their  periodicity. 
It  is  almost  needless  to  say  that  no  one  believed 
his  report.  He  then  labored  on  for  20  years 
more,  till  he  had  completed  the  observation  of 
three  complete  oscillations  from  maximum  to 
minimum  and  back  again,  during  which  time  he 
made  about  9,000  observations  and  discovered 
4,700  groups  of  spots.  It  was  principally  from 
a  study  of  Schwabe's  observations  that  Prof.  Ru- 
dolf Wolf,  of  Zurich,  deduced  the  periods  of  os- 
cillation as  11.11  years.  Schwabe's  observations 
were  improved  upon  by  Mr.  Carrington,  of 
England,  and  by  Dr.  De  la  Rue  and  Prof.  Bal- 
four Stewart.  Dr.  Wolf  has  published  a  list 
of  the  mean  relative  number  of  sun-spots  for 
each  year  from  1750  to  1S77.  Although  some- 
what inaccurate  for  those  years  prior  to  1820, 
when  Schwabe  began  his  exact  observations, 
this  list  exhibits  11  cycles  of  sun-spots,  giving 
an  average  of  11  1-9  years  to  each  cycle. 

These  Cycles 
Of  solar  activity  have  been  proved  to  be  coin- 


cident and  correlative  with  several  well  marked 
cycles  in  the  atmospheric  and  other  conditions 
of  the  earth,  attention  having  been  chiefly  given 
to  the  correspondence  in  four  particulars:  1st, 
periodical  variations  in  terrestrial  magnetism 
and  electrical  activity;  2d, -periodical  variations 
in  temperature;  3d,  the  periodicity  of  wind  dis- 
turbances, hurricanes  and  cyclones;  4th/  the 
periodicity  of  the  total  rainfall. 

In  the  condensation  of  the  facts  of  the  several 
discoveries  and  publications  upon  these  subjects, 
as  given  below,  I  am  chiefly  indebted  to  the  ad- 
mirable resume  of  the  whole  subject  by  Messrs. 
J.  N.  Lockyer  and  Dr.  W.  W.  Hunter,  in  a  late 
issue  of  the  Nineteenth  Cenfatry. 

1.  With  regard  to  the 

Sympathetic  Periodicity 
Of  terrestrial  magnetism  and  electrical  activity. 
The  magnetic  needle,  though  seemingly  still,  is 
yet  always  in  motion.  Certain  of  these  motions 
depend  on  the  hour  of  the  day;  others  on  the 
rotation  of  the  sun,  moon,  etc.,  but  the  magnet 
is  liable  to  irregular  and  abrupt  fluctuations 
which  cannot  be  connected  with  the  daily  oscil- 
lations. Sir  Edward  Sabine  found  that  such 
fluctuations  are  most  frequent  in  years  of  high 
sun-spot  activity,  which  relatively  had  been 
suggested  as  far  back  as  1785.  Gauss  made 
further  discoveries  between  1S34  and  1837. 
Arago's  observations  from  1820  to  1830,  pub- 
lished in  1854,  further  established  the  relation. 
In  1851,  Dr.  Lamont  published  his  long-con- 
tinued researches,  indicating  the  existence  of  a 
cycle  of  magnetic  variations,  occupying,  as  he 
believed,  on  an  average  10£  years.  Sabine  in 
1852  carried  on  the  work  still  further,  and  he 
observed  that  the  irregular  fluctuations  of  the 
magnet  were  almost  invariably  accompanied  by 
displays  of  the  aurora  polaris,  and  concluded 
that  auroral  displays  occurred  most  frequently 
in  years  of  maximum  sun-spots,  a  conclusion 
which  has  since  been  completely  verified.  Dr. 
Wolf  and  M.  Gautier  had  independently  re- 
marked in  1852  the  coincidence  of  the  decennial 
magnetic  period  with  Schwabe's  period  of  sun- 
spots.  In  1865,  Prof.  Loomis,  of  Yale  college, 
supplied  further  evidence  on  the  range  of  the 
magnetic  declination  and  auroras  in  their  rela- 
tions to  sun-spots.  He  concluded  that  the  au- 
roras observed  in  Europe  and  America  exhibited 
a  true  periodicity,  closely  following  the  mag- 
netic periods.  Signor  Schiaparelli,  in  1875, 
made  important  contributions  to  this  subject, 
as  did  also  Sophus  Tromholdt  in  1S75,  and  Dr. 
J.  A.  Brown  in  1876.  The  latter  gave  the  mean 
duration  of  the  magnetic  cycle  at  10.45  years, 
and  he  supplied  a  valuable  chart  showing  the 
decennial  period  of  the  diurnal  range  of  the 
magnetic  declination  and  the  sun-spot  area  from 
1784  to  1876.  The  curves  show  the  general  co- 
incidence of  the  magnetic  and  sun-spot  cycles  in 
a  clear  light.  In  1877,  Prof.  Balfour  Stewart 
reviewed  the  whole  question,  and  exhibited  the 
sun-spots,  magnetic  declination,  and  auroras 
from  1776  to  1872  in  curves  which  follow  each 
other  with  indisputable  coincidence.  He 
further  examined  the  connections  of  these  three 
coincident  cycles  with  the  planetary  configura- 
tions, the  result  of  which  will  be  stated  further 
on.  It  has  been  observed  in  England  that 
earth -currents  disturbing  magnetometers,  and 
telegraphic  instruments  are  in  close  relationship 
with  auroras  and  sun-spots;  and  that  magnetic 
storms  occur  most  severely  during  periods  of 
maximum  sun-spots.  "To  sum  up,"  says  Lock- 
yer and  Hunter,  "magnetic  observers  now  hold 
that  not  only  do  the  spasmodic  fluctuations  of 
the  needle  follow  closely,  curves  coincident  with 
the  sun-spots,  but  its  diurnal  oscillations  are 
not  less  dependent  on  the  state  of  the  sun's  sur- 
face." 

2.  With  regard  to  solar  radiation  and 

Thermometric  Variations 
Many  difficulties  complicate  this  line  of  research, 
and  the  evidence  is  less  complete  than  that 
which  connects  the  other  phenomena  mentioned 
with  the  sun-spots.  The  reasons  for  this  will 
be  plain  upon  a  little  reflection.  The  tempera- 
ture range  that  must  first  be  had,  is  that  of  the 
universal  mean,  and  this,  of  course,  cannot  be 
obtained  till  there  is  a  universality  of  thermome- 
tric observations  and  records.  The  mean 
temperature  of  one  locality,  or  even  the  average 
mean  of  a  hundred  localities,  it  is  plain  can 
serve,  but  as  a  coarse  approximation,  to  the 
mean  total  temperature.  Unlike  the  instan- 
taneous and  universal  operation  of  terrestrial 
magnetism  and  atmospheric  electricity,  which 
can  be  nearly  as  well  observed  in  one  place  as 
another,  and  almost  as  completely  in  one  place 
as  in  a  hurdred,  heat  is,  as  far  as  can  now  be 
said,  altogether  local  in  its  appearance,  power 
and  duration,  and,  as  is  well  known,  the  mean 
temperature  of  every  locality  is  an  individual 
quantity,  varying  from  that  of  its  neighbors. 

The  atmosphere  is  the  scene  where  the  solar 
energies  are  incessantly  in  operation;  and  when 
most  active,  are  most  screened  from  the  surface. 
There  is  evidence  to  show  that  the  vapor  of 
water,  like  the  vapors  of  metals,  exists  in  vari- 
ous molecular  conditions,  some  of  which  are 
transparent  and  some  are  opaque  to  those  rays 
which  affect  our  thermometers  ;  and,  according 
to  Mr.  Lockyer,  there  is  evidence  to  suggest 
that  the  aqueous  vapor  produced  at  the  period  of 
minimum  sun-spots  would  be  more  transparent 
to  the  heat  rays  than  that  produced  at  other 
times.  The  thermometric  inquiry  divides  itself 
into  several  distiuct  branches,  such  as  the  direct 
solar  radiations,  the  calorific  intensity  of  the 
sun's  light,  the  daily  temperature  range,  and 
the  mean  annual  temperature,  all  of  which  must 
be  passed  by  with  slight  notice,  as  this  paper  is 
more  particularly  devoted  to  the  question  of 
the  relation  of  sun-spots  and  rainfall. 


January  25,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


51 


/^>V  f      ■ 

gECHANICAL     ^ROGRESS. 


Dry  Plumbago  vs.  Oil  in  Steam  Cylinders. 

A  correspondent  of  the  American  Machinist, 
has  been  experimenting  with  the  ore  of  dry 
plumbago  as  a  substitute  fur  tallow  and  oils  lor 
steam  cylinders.  The  correspondent,  who  is  an 
engineer  of  some  years'  standing,  writes  as  fol- 
lows: The  engine  upon  which  the  experiment 
was  tried  wasau  1  lx3<i  horizontal  engine;  piston 
s|M't_''l,  300  Feet  |n;r  minute,  and  was  known  aa 
tin?  "West  Poppet- Valve!  Automatic  Engine." 
It  wxs  worked  np  to  its  foil  capacity,  and,  to 
insure  a  fair  trial,  the  existing  oil-cup  was  ex- 
changed for  a  goblet-ahaped  tallow-cup  with  a 
lid,  after  which  the  piston-follower  aud  springs 
were  taken  out  and  cleaned.  When  ready  to 
start  the  engine,  one-third  of  an  ounce  of  finely 
powdered  Ceylon  plumbago  was  placed  in  the 
cup.  As  soon  as  the  engine  was  fairly  under 
way,  the  valve  of  the  grease-cup  was  opened 
halt'  way.  After  running  some  time  it  Was 
opened  all  the  way.  When  the  engine  was 
stopped  at  noon,  the  plumbago  had  all  passed 
into  the  cylinder,  of  which  there  had  been 
strong  evidence,  soon  after  starting,  as  the  pis- 
ton-rod became  coated  with  it.  Upon  starting 
up  in  the  afternoon,  one-third  of  an  ounce  more 
was  placed  in  the  cup,  and  the  engine  run  until 
six  0  clock,  with  a  similar  result.  There  was 
no  noise  in  the  cylinder,  either  in  the  starting, 
running,  or  stopping  of  the  engine;  and  after 
18  months'  use,  with  the  above-named  quan- 
tity applied  twice  a  day,  no  noiso  has  been 
heard  111  the  cylinder,  except  when  the  sttam 
was  shut  off  for  the  purpuse  of  stopping  the  en- 
gine, when  it  would  be  heard  during  one  or  two 
Btrokes  of  the  piston,  just  before  the  engine 
■topped.  This  occurred  not  oftener  than 
would  have  taken  place  if  tallow  or  oil  had  been 
medi  Soon  after  beginning  its  use,  a  portion 
of  the  plumbago  would  be  found  remaining  in 
the  cup;  to  obviate  this,  about  an  ounce  of  wa- 
ter was  poured  into  the  cup,  after  the  plum- 
bago had  been  put  in,  when  a  decided  improve- 
ment waa  observed,  so  much  so,  that  it  can  now 
be  fed  iuto  the  cylinder  as  readily  as  oil  or  tal- 
low. After  four  weeks'  use,  the  cylinder-head 
was  taken  off  and  the  working  part  of  the  cyl- 
inder was  found  coated  with  plumbago  which 
could  not  be  easily  rubbed  off  with  the  fingers; 
the  interior  of  the  piston  was  found  as  clean  as 
when  it  left  the  lathe,  so  far  as  dirt  of  any  kind 
was  concerned,  and  such  is  the  condition  to  this 
day. 

Gas  ENGINES.— A  successful  gas  engine  is 
something  that  is  greatly  needed  for  many  pur- 
poses, especially  wnen  but  small  power  is  re- 
quired, and  particularly  on  crowded  business 
streets  in  cities,  where  the  presence  of  steam 
boilers  are  not  desirable.  Just  at  this  time  the 
Otto  gas  engine  seems  to  be  attracting  much  at- 
tention. At  a  recent  meeting  of  the  Franklin 
Institute,  in  Philadelphia,  the  chief  attraction 
of  the  evening  was  the  new  "Otto  sUent  gas 
engine,"  which  was  placed  upon  the  stage,  and, 
after  an  explanation  of  its  various  parts,  as 
shown  upon  a  screen  by  the  aid  of  stereopticon, 
was  set  to  work.  It  was  claimed  that  for  per- 
sons requiring  a  moderate  use  of  power,  this 
motor  is  the  best  that  could  be  devised.  It  is 
at  all  times  ready  for  use,  either  continuouslyor 
iutermittently;  can  he  started  and  stopped  read- 
ily; burns  not  more  than  four  and  a  half  cents' 
worth  of  gas  per  hour  per  horse  power;  is  en- 
tirely free  from  the  danger  of  explosion,  as  no 
steam  is  used;  there  are  no  coals,  ashes,  dirt  or 
smoke;  costs  nothing  when  idle,  and  but  little 
when  running,  and  is  almost  noiseless.  The 
charge  of  gas  (or  petroleum)  aud  compressed  air 
burns  readily,  and  the  combustion  is  automa- 
tically regulated  with  very  little  shock  to  any  of 
the  parts,  in  proportion  to  the  power  developed. 

HttAVY  Rails  Preferable. — English  engi- 
neers are  fast  coming  to  the  conclusion  that 
heavy  steel  rails  are  economical.  They  enter- 
tained this  belief  long  ago,  and  it  was  based 
upon  scientific  reasons.  Now  that  steel  is  so 
very  cheap,  their  scientific  views  are  more  than 
confirmed.  The  Phcenix  Bessemer  Steel  Com- 
pany are  now  making  exceptionally  heavy  rails 
for  the  Midland  Railway  Company,  the  weight 
being  85  pounds  to  the  yard.  A  heavy  rail  like 
this  ensures  a  smooth  run,  and  adds  to  the 
safety  of  the  train.  Rails  now  in  course  of  de- 
livery by  the  Dronfield  Steel  Works  to  the 
Great  India  Peninsular  railway  are  80  pounds 
to  the  yard. 

Iron  and  Steel. — In  the  course  of  his  ad- 
dress to  the  Sosiety  of  Arts,  recently,  Lord 
A.  Churchill  called  attention  to  the  enor- 
mous development  of  the  steel  manufacture 
during  the  last  two  or  three  decades.  So  rapidly, 
he  said,  was  it  taking  the  place  of  iron,  that  an 
eminent  engineer  has  said  the  days  of  iron  arc 
numbered,  and  that  50  years  hence  it  wouid  be 
unknown. 


The  steel  product  of  the  whole  world  20 
years  ago  amounted  to  little  more  than  300,000 
tons,  at  an  average  cost  of  about  $150  a  ton. 
Last  year  the  production  went  beyond  2,200,000 
tons,  and  its  cost  only  showed  an  average  of  $60 
a  ton,  a  falling  off  in  cost  of  production  of  60%. 

A  New  Combination  Rail. — The  latest  de- 
vice for  a  rail  consists  of  two  outer  steel  plates, 
two  inner  iron  plates,  with  a  lead  plate  between 
them,  and  strips  of  paper  between  the  iron  and 
.steel  plates,  the  whole  united  by  bolts. 


Making  Lumber  from  Straw. 

A  person  named  S.  If.  Hamilton,  of  Bush- 
nell,  Illinois,  has  been  in  this  city  for  two  or 
three  days  past,  with  samples  of  lumber,  which 
has  attracted  much  attention  among  the  lum- 
bermen and  which,  if  it  possesses  all  the  vir- 
tues that  arc  claimed  for  it,  is  one  of  the  most 
Important  inventions  6T  its  kind  evi-r  brought 
to  notice.  If  it  is  a  success  it  will  form  a  new 
era  in  the  art  of  building.  To  make  hard  wood 
lombei  out  of  common  wheat  straw,  with  all 
effects  of  polish  and  finish  which  is  obtainble 
on  the  hardest  of  black  walnut  and  mahogany, 
at  as  little  cost  as  clear  pine  lumber  can  be 
manufactured  for,  is  certainly  wonderful.  Such 
are  the  claims  of  Mr.  Hamilton  for  the  straw- 
board  lumber  which  he  has  been  exhibiting  in 
this  city,  and  the  samples  which  ho  produces 
would  go  Ear  toward  verifying  his  claims.  The 
process  of  manufacture,  as  explained  by  Mr. 
Hamilton,  is  as  follows:  Ordinary  straw 
board,  such  as  is  manufactured  at  any  paper 
mill,  is  used  for  this  purpose.  As  many  sheets 
are  taken  as  aro  required  to  make  the  thickness 
of  lumber  desired.  These  sheets  are  passed 
through  a  chemical  solution,  which  thoroughly 
softens  up  the  tlber  and  completely  saturates  it. 
The  whole  is  then  passed  through  a  succession 
of  rollers, dried  and  hardened  during  thepassage, 
as  well  as  polished,  and  comes  out  of  the  other 
end  of  the  machine  hard,  dry  lumber,  ready 
for  use.  Mr.  Hamilton  claims  that  the  chemi- 
cal properties  hardening  in  the  fiber  entirely 
prevent  water  soaking,  and  render  the  lum- 
ber combustible  only  in  a  very  hot  fire.  The 
hardened  finish  on  the  outside  also  makes  it 
impervious  to  water.  The  Bamples  which  Mr. 
Hamilton  exhibits  could  hardly  be  told  from 
hard  wood  lumber,  and  in  sawing  it  the  dif- 
ference could  not  be  detected.  It  is  susceptible 
of  a  very  high  polish,  and  samples  of  imitation 
of  marble,  mahogany,  etc.,  were  shown,  which 
might  deceive  the  most  experienced  eye.  Not 
only  does  Mr.  Hamilton  claim  a  substitute  for 
lumber  in  sash,  doors  and  blinds  and  finishing 
stuff,  but  also  as  a  substitute  for  black  walnut 
and  other  woods  in  the  manufacture  of  all 
kinds  or  fine  furniture,  coffins,  etc.,  and  also 
an  excellent  substitute  for  marble  in  marble-top 
tables,  mantle  pieces,  bureaus,  etc.  He  claims 
that  it  will  not  warp  in  the  least.  Mr.  Hamil- 
ton is  negotiating  with  parties  here,  with  a 
view  of  establishing  a  manufactory  in  this  city 
for  making  the  various  articles  of  building  ma- 
terial for  which  his  lumber  is  suitable. — Osh- 
kosh,  Wis.,  Northwestern. 


Flint  Bricks.— Under  the  title  of  "Improve- 
ments in  furnaces  and  other  building  blocks, 
retorts,  crucibles,  and  other  fire-resisting  ar- 
ticles" a  patent  has  recently  been  taken  by  Mr. 
D.  Selwey,  of  Bridgend,  Glamorganshire,  for 
bricks  composed  of  pure  flint,  without  the  ad- 
mixture of  alumina  or  any  other  substance  to 
detract  from  the  high  refractory  character  of 
the  material.  The  inventor  treats  the  flints  in 
such  a  manner  as  to  produce  from' them,  when 
in  a  pulverized  condition,  bricks  or  blocks  of 
great  structural  strength  and  durability,  supe- 
rior in  fire-resisting  properties,  it  is  said,  to  the 
best  descriptions  of  fire-clay  goods.  His  pat- 
ent also  extends  to  the  manufacture  of  arti- 
ficial stone  for  building  purposes.  The  material 
when  burned  resembles  a  fine-grained  freestone, 
and  is  sufficiently  hard  to  resist  the  action  of 
the  weather.  It  is  in  furnace  work  and  similar 
applications,  however,  that  these  bricks  are  ex- 
pected to  be  most  successful. 

A  New  Rotary  Engine. — Mr.  Babbitt,  the 
well-known  soap  manufacturer,  of  New  York, 
has  invented  a  rotary  steam  engine,  which  is 
said  to  develop  extraordinary  power,  with  a 
very  small  steam  supply.  A  correspondent  of 
the  American  Machinist  reports  having  seen 
one,  four  inches  in  diameter,  running  20,000 
revolutions  a  minute,  with  steam  supplied  by 
an  one-eighth-inch  pipe,  which  defied  the 
efforts  of  the  heaviest  men  to  stop  it  by  throw- 
ing their  weight  upon  a  good  lever. 

Malleable  Brass. — A  German  periodical  is 
responsible  for  the  following  method  of  making 
malleable  brass:  Thirty-three  parts  of  copper 
and  twenty-five  of  zinc  are  alloyed,  the  copper 
being  first  put  into  the  crucible,  which  is  loosely 
covered.  As  soon  as  the  copper  is  melted,  zinc 
purified  by  sulphur  is  added.  The  alloy  is  then 
cast  into  molding  sand  in  the  shape  of  bars, 
which,  when  still  hot,  will  be  found  to  be  mal- 
leable and  capable  of  being  brought  into  any 
shape  without  showing  cracks. 

An  Immense  Locomotive. — An  immense  lo- 
comotive has  recently  been  built  at  Philadel- 
phia for  the  Mexican  and  Southern  Pacific  rail- 
road. The  engine  weighs  within  a  fraction  of 
60  tons,  has  8  driving  wheels,  and  a  pony 
(two-wheel)  truck.  The  weight  is  so  great  that 
the  Western  railroads,  over  which  it  must  pass, 
will  not  permit  it  to  go  over  bridges,  so  it  will 
be  taken  to  pieces  and  carried  over  in  sections. 
It  passed  over  all  the  bridges  of  the  Pennsyl- 
vania road  without  being  dismantled. 

Edison's  Mechanical  Device.— One  of  the 
most  interesting  aud  useful  of  the  mechanical 
devices  which  Mr.  Edison  employs  in  his  elec- 
tric light  apparatus  is  his  plan  to  prevent  the 
wire  fusing,  and  th\a  it  is  claimed,  has  been 
accomplished  by  so  applying  a  small  bar  that  it 
will  expand  the  instant  the  wire  reaches  the 
fusing  point  and  intercept  the  flow  of  the 
current  through  the  wire  sufficiently  to  prevent 
fusion. 


Jl 


CIENTIFIC 


ROGRESS. 


Bioplasm. 

Among  the  recent  discoveries  in  science,  none 
perhaps  will  prove  of  more  utility  to  man  than 
those  relating  to  bioplasm,  because  they  throw 
light  on  physiological  questions,  particularly 
those  concerning  the  construction  and  nutrition 
of  the  body  and  the  causes  of  disease.  It  was 
formerly  supposed  that  our  bodies  were  alive 
from  top  to  toe,  inside  and  out  ;  but  this  is 
found  to  be  a  mistake.  Only  about  one-fifth 
part  is  alive  ;  the  rest  is  formed  material. 
Everybody  knows  that  a  tree  may  become  so 
hollow  that  only  a  shell  is  left ;  yet  the  tree 
may  grow  and  mature  buds  aud  leaves  and  fruit. 
It  is  because  the  outside  of  the  tree — the  bark — 
is  alive  ;  the  wood  is  non-living  ;  it  is  simply 
formed  material.  Now  the  body  is  not  like  the 
tree — alive  only  on  the  outside  ;  but  the  living 
portion  and  the  formed  material  exist  together 
in  every  part — in  every  tissue,  organ  and  ves- 
sel. 

A  slight  abrasion  of  the  cuticle,  or  the  rupture 
of  a  cell,  is  followed  by  particles  of  fluid  which 
were  formerly  overlooked  as  of  no  account.  But 
the  microscope  has  revealed  to  us  that  this  ap- 
parently useless,  insignificant  ooze  is  the  vital, 
living  part  of  the  body  ;  it  is  bioplasm. 

This  is  the  mechanic,  the  skilled  artist,  that 
constructs  the  cells,  builds  the  organs,  and  per- 
haps, under  the  direction  of  a  higher  power, 
adapts  each  part  to  one  harmonious  whole. 

For  the  last  15  years,  certain  English  and 
German  physiologists  have  spent  much  time 
with  the  microscope,  watching  this  little  work- 
man. They  have  seen  it  forming  tissue,  muscle 
and  nerve,  changing  food  into  blood,  making 
the  secretions;  and,  as  parts  of  the  body  became 
worn  aud  effete,  silently  disintegrating  and 
utilizing  them,  or  removing  the  useless  parts 
from  the  body, 

The  first  decided  knowledge  of  bioplasm  came 
by  accident  (if  finding  a  thing  we  are  searching 
for  can  be  called  accident  ;  is  it  not  rather 
revelation  ?),  by  ascertaining  that  when  a  piece 
of  live  tissue  is  immersed  in  a  solution  of  car- 
mine the  bioplasm  is  stained,  and  the  formed 
material  is  not  stained.  This  discovery  has 
enabled  observers  to  find  and  watch  this  little 
workman,  while  busy  in  constructing  every  part 
of  the  body. 

Bioplasm  is  the  builder  not  only  of  the  body, 
but  of  all  animals  and  plants.  To  it  every  or- 
ganized form,  whether  animal  or  vegetable, 
owes  its  formation  and  growth. 

Bioplasm  is  a  clear,  colorless  fluid,  like  thin 
mucus.  Only  microscopes  of  the  highest  power 
are  of  use  in  studying  the  substance;  for  the 
largest  normal  masses  are  not  one- thousandth  of 
an  inch  in  diameter  ;  but  such  microscopes  fail 
to  detect  in  it  the  least  sign  of  organization. 
Yet  this  apparently  unorganized  substance  is 
the  cause  of  all  organization.  It  is  a  medium 
through  which  dead  inorganic  matter  becomes 
living;  organized. — Journal  of  Chemistry. 


Possible  Effect  of  the  Moon  in  Early  Geo- 
logic Time. — Inanoteto  Nature,  Mr.  VV.  Davies 
writes:  "In  considering  the  climatic  changes 
which  have  evidently  taken  place  on  various 
parts  of  the  earth's  surface,  it  seems  to  me  that 
what  may  have  been  a  very  important  factor 
has  been  rather  strangely  left  out  of  calculation 
by  physicists,  never  having  been  noticed  hither- 
to, as  far  as  I  am  aware.  It  is  that  of  the  heat 
which  must  at  one  period  or  the  other  have  been 
transmitted  from  the  moon.  There  can  be 
scarcely  a  doubt  that  this  must  at  one  time  have 
influenced  the  earth's  climate  to  a  very  powerful 
degree,  producing  the  effect  of  a  second  or  addi- 
tional sun.  In  the  absence  of  any  perceptible 
marks  of  atmospheric  or  aqueous  erosive  action 
on  the  moon,  it  is  at  present  impossible  to  arrive 
at  an  idea  of  its  relative  age,  or  at  what  period 
its  heat  may  have  been  most  abundantly  radiat- 
ed; but  if  the  much  hotter  climate  which  once 
prevailed  in  northern  latitudes  could  be  referred 
to  this  cause,  it  might  give  us  some  clue  to  the 
difficulty.  Something  also  might  be  done  in 
comparing  the  various  changes  of  climate  which 
have  taken  place  in  certain  parts  of  the  earth's 
surface,  as  indicated  by  geological  evidence,  with 
the  actual  course  of  the  moon.  The  subject  is 
at  least  worth  entertaining,  and  may  be  recom- 
mended to  the  consideration  of  physicists.'' 


Safe  and  Convenient  Method  or  Testing 
Dynamite. — The  Chemiker  Zeitung  contains  a 
description  of  a  method  of  testing  dynamite. 
The  percentage  of  nitro -glycerine  is  determined 
by  extracting  it  with  ether,  which  dissolves  it, 
bub  leaves  the  infusorial  earth  unchanged.  The 
difference  in  weight  of  the  dynamite  and  of  the 
infusorial  residue,  directly  yields  the  percentage 
of  nitro -glycerine.  In  order  to  ascertain  whether 
the  dynamite  contains  any  other  bodies  solu- 
ble in  ether,  the  ether  extract  is  diluted  with 
water,  which  precipitates  any  foreign  substances 
present. 

A  New  Blasting  Agent. — In  Stockholm  the 
following  recipe  has  been  gi  /en  for  a  new  blast- 
ing agent:  In  wooden  or  gutta-percha  vessels 
5  to  20  parts  sugar  or  molasses  are  ground  with 
25  to  30  parts  nitric  aeid,  and  50  to  75  parts 
sulphuric  acid.  Of  this  mixture  25  to  50  parts 
are  mixed  with  15  to  35  parts  nitrate  of  potas- 
sium and  15  to  35  parts  cellulose.  The  agent 
is  called  nitrolin. 


Occlusion  of  Hydrogen  by  the  Metals. 

In  his  notes  of  interesting  things  seen  at  the 
Paris  exposition,  Professor  B.  Silliman  writes 
tothe  Engineering  and  Mining  Journal  of  the 
occlusion  uf  hydrogen  by  palladium:  "The  late 
I>r.  Graham,  of  London,  the  distinguished 
chemist  and  Master  of  the  Mint,  first  described 
what  ho  called  occlusion  of  hydrogen  in  the 
pores  of  the  most  solid  fused  and  coined  palla- 
dium, a  property  in  virtue  of  which  palladium 
can  imbibe,  so  to  speak,  more  than  a  thousand 
times  its  own  volume  of  hydrogen  gas  and  hold 
it  with  great  permanence  at  ordinary  tempera- 
tures. This  is  not  a  fact  of  merely  curious 
scientific  interest;  nor  is  it  peculiar  exclusively 
to  palladium;  for  Dr.  Graham  found  that  some 
meteoric  irons,  especially  that  of  Lenarto, 
which  he  specially  studied,  held  also  many  oc- 
cluded volumes  of  hydrogen  gas  which  had  ac- 
companied the  meteor  from  the  realms  of  space. 
Considering  the  enormous  condensation  of  hy- 
drogen occluded  in  palladium,  Dr.  Graham  was 
led  to  the  not  improbable  suggestion  that  this 
element,  which  others  before  him  had  suggested 
might  be  a  metal  in  vapor,  must  exist  in  palla- 
dium as  an  alio;/,  and  he  was  thus  led  to  pro- 
pose for  the  metal  the  name  "Hydrogcnium." 
This  class  of  facts  had  quite  recently  received 
great  expansion  by  the  researches  of  Dr.  Wright, 
of  Yale,  who  has  followed  the  subject  into  the 
domain  of  astronomy,  and  drawn  important  in- 
ference respecting  the  tails  of  comets  and  ne- 
bula? as  connected  with  the  occlusion,  not  only 
of  hydrogen,  but  other  gases  in  meteoric  stones 
and  irons. 

Increased  Weight  and  Volume  of  Metal  by 
such  Occlusion. 
This  curious  subject,  so  full  of  scientific 
interest  and  fertile  of  speculation,  has 
a  magnificent  illustration  in  the  present  ex- 
hibit of  Messrs.  Johnson,  Mathey  &  Co., 
who  show  a  disc  of  palladium  within  which 
one  thousand  volumes  of  hydrogen  gas  are  con- 
densed by  occlusion,  a  volume  of  gas  which 
would  be  repiesented  by  a  column  of  2,000 
millimeters  in  hight  and  100  millimeters  in 
diameter.  The  original  palladium  disc  had 
exactly  100  millimeters- diameter,  and  a  thick- 
ness of  precisely  two  millimeters.  It  was,  be- 
fore imbibing  the  enormous  volume  of  hydrogen 
which  it  now  holds,  perfectly  flat;  and  it  was 
gauged  by  a  ring  within  which  it  exactly  fell. 
Now  the  disc  is  a  concave  mirror,  the  new  form 
being  occasioned  wholly  by  the  molecular  dis- 
placement due  to  the  hydrogen  it  has  absorbed; 
it  no  longer  enters  its  gauge  ring,  for  its  100  mil- 
limeters diameter  are  now  enlarged  to  102-5 
millimeters,  and  its  original  weight  of  187-3775 
if  now  increased  to  188-2SS2  grams.  This  re- 
markable absorption  of  hydrogen  has  no  visible 
effect  upon  the  luster,  color,  or  tenacity  of  the 
palladium- alloy  of  hydrogen,  if  indeed  it  be  an 
alloy.  The  hydrogen  absorbed  by  paUadium 
enters  this  metal,  when  it  is  made  part  of  the 
circuit  of  a  voltaic  battery  the  gas  usually 
evolved  at  the  positive  pole  being  then  taken 
into  the  substance  of  the  solid  metal." 


Uniform  Time  for  Germany. — The  ques- 
tion of  establishing  one  uniform  time  for  the 
whole  German  empire  is  being  just  now  much 
discussed  in  various  circles  in  Germany.  Many 
persons  regard  the  existing  condition  of  things 
as  very  inconvenient,  especially  in  connection 
with  telegraphic  communication.  Metz,  in  the 
extreme  west,  is  about  an  hour  and  seven  min- 
utes later  than  the  extreme  eastern  frontiers. 
Opinions  are  agreed  that  taking  into  account 
the  geographical  position  of  Berlin,  which  is 
not  very  far  from  the  central  meridian  of  the 
whole  country,  the  metropolitan  time  will  be 
the  most  suitable  for  selection  as  the  normal 
time  for  the  entire  empire.  This  will  involve 
the  least  departure  from  astronomical  exact- 
ness which  is  compatible  with  general  unifor- 
mity. The  difference  between  Berlin  and  the 
eastern  frontier  is  little  more  than  thirty-seven 
minutes;  between  it  and  Metz  is  less  than  thirty 
minutes.  It  is  understood  that  the  matter  has 
already  engaged  the  attention  of  the  several 
federal  governments,  and  that  it  will  be  most 
carefully  considered  in  all  its  bearings  before  a 
decision  is  arrived  at. 


"Dendritic"  Spots  on  Books. — Few  persons 
familiar  with  old  books  have  failed  to  observe 
dark  specks  here  and  there  upon,  or  rather 
within,  the  substance  of  the  paper,  which,  upon 
close  examination,  especially  with  a  lens,  are 
seen  to  have  the  same  dendritic  appearance 
that  we  find  in  moss-agates,  and  upon  the  nat- 
urally-fractured surface  of  other  compact  rocks. 
It  is  well  known  that  such  markings  on  the 
stone,  are  generally  produced  by  an  oxide  of 
manganese;  and  the  similar  markings  upon  the 
paper  are  doubtless  due  to  the  same  cause. 
The  following  is  suggested  as  an  explanation: 
Binoxide  of  manganese  is  sometimes  used  in 
some  of  the  processes  of  bleaching  the  pulp. 
Minute  portions  of  the  mineral  would  naturally 
remain  in  the  manufactured  paper,  which  by  a 
slow  reaction  would  be  restored  to  an  oxide 
again,  in  the  process  of  which  it  would  assume 
its  characteristic  dendritic  form. 


Delicate  Reagent  for  Copper. — Dilute  so- 
lutions of  copper  salts,  it  is  well-known,  give  a 
deep  blue  with  ammonia.  F.  Weil,  of  Paris, 
announces  a  still  more  delicate  test  for  copper, 
namely,  to  add  to  any  copper  solution  double 
its  volume  of  pure  hydrochloric  acid,  which  pro- 
duces, especially  on  boiling,  a  yellowish-green 
color,  even  when  the  quantity  is  too  small  to  be 


52 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS 


[January  25,  1879. 


Table  of  Highest  and  Lowest  Sales  in 
S.  F.  Stock  Exchange. 


Name  or 
Company. 

Week 
■Sliding 

Jail.   2. 

Week 
EimUiik 
Jan.  !>. 

Week 
^ii.liiiu1 
Jan.  in. 

Week 
Ending 
Jan.  24. 

Al   ha 

11     101 

51        5 
50c    .... 

2!il6    2'.60 

3!s6  "hi 

60c      10c 
184      17 
55    4.65 
70c     50c 
20c     15c 
8         7i 
Si        2 
15        1*3 

75c     50c 

60c     50c 
2.55        2j 

10i        93 
1.70    1.60 

471      331 

"9J    "9 

80c     70c 

84       71 

3.65    3.45 

40c     30c 

10c    .... 

30c    .... 
32       31 
4.40       4 

35o     30c 

84      n 

65c 
2!65 

i'.io 

4.30 
60c 

? 

60c 
70o 
9 
31 
15 

30c 
60c 
50c 

2.95 

46 

'io» 

85c 

3.90 

3.10 

10c 

25c 
32S 
54 

J* 
25c 

si 

40c 

11s 
14-; 
2.10 

2.45 

30c 
1.10 

4.15 

f 

50c 

75c 

11 
50c 
65c 

1 

60c 

II 

40c 
20c 
33 

101 
5 

50c 

i'.ib 

"ii 

3.80 

"5! 
50c 

"is 
3 
10 

10c 

'45c 

2.4( 
10| 

4!. 

"9' 

75c 

81 

3.  El 

2.10 

'3T 
41 

61 

15c 

'360 

1 

2{ 

15c 

1.115 
31 

3.90 
73 

3M 

20c 

50c 
65c 

'50c 

50c 

i 

i 
25c 

'30! 

"») 
75c 
81 

35c 

33 
80c 
9! 

25c 
5 

10} 

'«' 
1.40 

20c 
lj 

1 
IJ 

30c 
56 

iii 

70c 
15c 

.  13J 

12}    Hi 

8          6j 

i!35   '56c 
"2    "ii 

4.90       41 

15       12} 

Alta 

Andes 

Alps 

81       71 
60c      45c 

G0o     80c 

Atlantic 

Aurora.  Tunnel 

Baltimoro  Con 

"ii  "ii 

51    4.40 

60c     50c  60c     50c 

Best  &  Belcher 

24.V      195  222      2IJ 
85       6J.    9         7i 

Bechtel 

Belle  lale 

Bodie 

Benton 

60c      50c 
20c    .... 
91       61 
4}    3.20 

15  14 

60c     50c 

60c     .... 

40c     .... 
3.20       2j 

Ul      9j 
2.95    2.40 

52        44! 

'15'     12! 

95c     75c 

8j       7! 

5!    3.95 

2.10    .... 

40c     10c 

25c    

31J      263 
51       43 
35c     30c 

51       4 

5       .... 
35c     30c 
161      101 

20  141 
2.10    .... 
2.05       U 

15c    .... 

1.30    1.05 

3.90    3.40 

4i'  3.90 

7!    .... 

"51  "ii 

20c    .... 

75c      55c 
1.30    1.20 

55e     50c 
1.10      .1 

50c    .... 
4}    3.35 
4      .... 

40c      25c 

20c    .... 

34       292, 

3      •  23 

7S       52 
75c     65c 

81       73 
20c    .... 
45c     35c 

1       80c 
361     31 
70c     50c 
1U       93 

50c     40c 
81       7 

16  131 

21  20 
56        42 

12    1.55 

50c     20c 

21    1.60 

1.60      55c 

1.80     50c 

1        75c 
20o     .... 

9          74 
4.90       4} 
15        14 

75c      70c 
70c     50c 

Booker 

Caledonia 

30c     25c 

3.20       3 

98       91 

3.05       2! 

Comanche 

Concordia 

501      47 

ii'   '145 

1.15     95c 

s»    n 

6         5 
'iOc    '.'.'.'. 

15c       5o 
30c     20c 

29       26 

68        51 
30c     25c 

6|    3.90 
20c      15c 

5|     .... 
40c     30c 

94       8g 

124    log 

2}       2 
2.40       2J 

35c    .... 
li    1.20 
52       23 
3§       31 
7|       7 

20c      15c 

90c      50c 
80c      70c 
1      .... 
50o     35c 

li     u 

60c    .... 
4i       4 
5      .... 

40c    .... 

20c    .... 

31       28 

*35c    '30c 

Hale  &  Norcross — 

Hillside 

HighbridRe 

Ml      "I 
ISJ      16! 

i'.W    i!55 

20c     .... 

1}    1.40 
44    3.45 

4!       4 
7J       7 

KKCou 

Kentuck 

"8'     "5! 

75o     60c 
11       1 

33       35 
5?        5 

Morning  Star 

North  Con  Virginia. 

11     .... 
31       3 

71       51 

A  '"4 

65c     55c 

10      93 

45c     40c 

36       333. 
65c    .... 

n      91 

30c     25c 

3g       71 
50e     40c 

6} 
90c 
95 

45c 

353 
li 
10 

40c 
61 

Northern  Belle,... 

7         6 

1       50c 
351      331 

121     10j 

45c     25c 
7         53 

Raymond  &  Ely 

101       93 
18       17 
431      371 
13    1.30 

25c     20c 

1,30     80c 

1       50c 

50c    .... 

25c    .... 
50c    .... 

i|  .... 

1.40        11 
30c      25c 
58       52 
111      MS 

H     50c 
20o     15c 

13} 

20 
43 
2} 

30c 
« 

50c 
25c 

'50c 

1.20 
1.30 
60c 
581 
13J 

75c 
20c 

Seg  Belcher 

23       20 
491     44 
2.40    1.70 

1!      50 

l!       ii 
1       70c 
25o      20c 

Solid  Silver 

South  Bodie 

South  Standard 

50c    .... 
70c     30c 

1.60       U 
1.20       1 
50c    .... 
63       56} 
22        13! 

75c     65c 
20c    .... 
50c     20c 

20       i6i 

80c    .... 
55c     40c 
85c    .... 
1.70       11 
1.20       1 
50c      40c 
60!     50 
183      161 

95c      75c 
20c     15c 
50c     35c 

223      19 

Union  Oou 

Utah 

"Ward 

Wells-Fargo 

iii    is* 

iei 

Sales  at  S.  F.  Stock  Exchange. 


Friday  A.  III.,  Jan.  17. 

860  Alta 7fl@8 

255  Alpha 14@141 

350  Andes 60c 

290  Bestfc  Bfiloher...22.rt21: 

2235  Bullion 9@8: 

705  Belcher f-Vn 

460  Benton 4;>^i'.o0 

950  Baltimore  Con l\«i<l! 

335  Cou  Virginia sk^Si 

515  Caliiornia  . . ; 9S(*9j 

130  Chollar 5U>^).. 

2875  Con  Imperial lcl.iu 

775  Caledonia 3\<ii\\  20 

495  Confidence 17  V" '"17 

1310  Challenge 3.()><>2.':>.~> 

200  Con  Washoe 11 

250  Dardanelles 1.30 

1870  Exchequer 6tji 6] 

175  Flowery 15< 

450  Grand  Prize 6g@6( 

655  Gould  &,  Curry. .  .144.<a>l4j 

315  Hale  &  Nor IS.1.- "16 

260  Justice 4.  ioVii 

2880  Julia 4.2Lli"i.4:"i 

695  Kentuck 7@8 

2)0  Kossuth 15c 

105  Lady  Wash if 

125  Lady  Bryan 70:"  70c 

550  Leviathan 55@&0c 

250  Mexican 3J  >' 34 1 

100  Mt  Hood 50c 

900  N  Sierra  Nevada. 

170  North  Cou  Vir 7k<*7 

930  NBonanza 1  .'.(«■  ljj 

360  New  York 70i.<75c 

750  Overman 12W'U-l 

165  Ophir 35'>.'35 

570  Phil  Sheridan.... 45'»:.jnc 
470  Sierra  Nevada..,  ■1:1; '"IS1. 
910  Savage h)>u>iC<!, 

1005  Silver  Hill 1.80i«i.7b 

1180  Solid  Silver 90c»-l 

300  Sutro 20c 

1480  Succor 50<rt55c 

20  Scorpion 1.40 

700  Trojau 50c 


260  Union  Con 601 

105  Utah isi<wl8i 

1700  Wells-Fargo 15@20c 

790  Ward 95@90c 

1275  Yellow  Jacket 22@22J 

AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

8090  Argenta 60@65c 

100  Albion 50c 

310  Bechtel 1 

880  Bodie SA@83 

100  Belmont .^50c 

330  Bulwer 14@143 

1160  Booker TT.wl 

200  Black  Hawk 70@75c 

140  Belvidere 50c 

500  Dudley. 1 

100  Day  25c 

300  DeFrees 10c 

425  Eureka  Con 29@283 

300  Endowment 30@35c 

250  Goodshaw 30@35c 

740  GrandPrize 4@3.90 

2a0  Gila 15<&20c 

50  Hamburg u 

100  Hillside 2*10 

1250  Highbridge lj@l,80 

315  Leeds j 

60  McClinton 50@40c 


.  .3j@33 


50c 

.  .35i.«-Jiic 


2. of, 


130  Manhattan 

20  Mono 

100  Martin  White. 

1050  Modoc 

1050  Navajo 

150  Northern  Belle. 

2040  Paradise 2.6' 

730  Raymond  &  Ely v 

770  Summit 21 

200  South  Bodie 20c 

600  S  Bulwer. 90@80c 

450  Tuscarora 5c 

400  Tioga  Con U@1.40 

700  Tiptop ,...,  1 

Saturday  A.M.,  Jan.  IS. 

100  Alpha 123©12i 

370  Alta, .71 

140  Andes 55@50c 

400  Albion 50c 


..l.uat'i 

..2.70@2J 
, .  .3@3.05 


1210  Argenta 

750  Belmont ,_.50c 

360  Best  &  Belcher.  .21j 

1515  Bullion (__ 

150  Belcher 5 

1280  Bodie 81@9 

600  Baltimore  Con...l.35@lJ 

950  Benton 4J@43 

910  Bechtel 1 

50  Bulwer 15 

100  Belvidere 50c 

100  Champion 40( 

425  Con  Virginia 8jl@8i 

670  Calif oruia 9a@9J 

435  Confidence 14i@15 

80  Chollar 

280  Crown  Point. 

3265  Con  Imperial 

1040  Challenge....- 

245  Caledonia 

20  Con  Pacific 

1200  Caledonia  (BH). 

250  Day 25c 

755  Exchequer 5J@6 

150  Eureka  Con 282 

1220  Gould  &  Curry. . .  .14@13j 
845  Grand  Prize... 4. 40^4. 30 

720  H  &Norcross. 161 

100  Hussey j  .20c 

450  Independence la@l» 

125  Justice 4i@<4,20 

1635  Julia 4?" 

320  Ketituck ._ 

100  L  Bryan 70c 

20  Leopard 70c 

25  Leeds juHP 

300  Lady  Wash U@1.3f 

210  Mexican 34:. 

50  Mt  Hood 50c 

50  Morning  Star 3i 

200  Manhattan 31 

200  McClinton 40c 

90  New  York 70@75c 

745  N  Bonanza H@1.35 

250  Northern  Belle 7@6 

200  N  Sierra  Nevada 5c 

400  Navajo 30c 

140  Ophir 35J@35 

820  Overman lli@Ha 

10  Occidental 50c 

640  Phil  Sheridan 35c 

750  Paradise 2.40<»2A 

255  Raymond  &E 6(*5J 

365  Savage 14j@14 

1420  Succor 50c 

320  Sutro 20c 

280  Sierra  Nevada.... 4S1@49 

845  Silver  Hill 1.80@1.70 

220  Solid  Silver 90c 

355  Scorpion 1.45@1J 

50  Star 80c 

100  Summit 21 

1300  SBulwer 85c 

255  Tioga  Con 1J@1 .45 

1100  Trojan 50@45c 

450  Tuscarora... 

50-  Tiptop 

75  Union  Con  . 

405  Utah. 18@17£ 

750  Ward 90«*80c 

1040  Wells-Fargo 15c 

210  Woodville 50@40c 

660  Yellow  Jacket....  19J@20 

Monday  A.M.,  Jan.  20. 

160  Alta 7|<&7i 

105  Alpha 13 

50  Andes -55c 

195  Beat  &  Belcher, 

400  Baltimore  Con 1 ' 

485  Belcher 51@5J 

1045  Bullion 81(£fi3ii 

630  Benton 4&@4f 

390  California 9j@9; 

300  Con  Virginia 8fi(<*S. 

625  Crown  Poiut 51@5| 

3100  Con  Imperial 1 

40  Chollar 48f 

495  Challenge 2j. 

420  Caledonia 3.05<<t3.1O 

165  Confidence 15J@16j 

470  Exchequer 6(S)5l 

850  Gould  H  Curry. . .  .14@13$ 

200  Geo  Douglas 50c 

560  Hale  &  Nor 173@18* 

475  Justice 4R*4.05 

1395  Julia 4(^3.90 

100  Kentuck 6» 

500  Kossuth 15c 

350  Lady  Bryan 75c 

2695  Leviathan 75@90c 

130  Lady  Wash li 

85  Mexican 33J@321 

100  MtHood 50c 

10  North  Con  Vir 7 

675  NBonanza lj 

260  New  York 70(S175c 

55  Ophir 35 

105  Overman llUmiij 

50  Occidental 1 

250  Phil  Sheridan .35c 

1400  Solid  Silver.... 

435  Savage 14g@141 

445  SierraNevada 48J@48 

875  Silver  Hill 2 

200  St  Louis 40c 

950  Succor 1&1.10 

35  Scorpion 1, 

450  Trojan 40i 

250  Utah 18J@18 

145  Union  Con 59i(rt59J 

100  Wells  Fargo I5c 

1050  Ward 75c 

50  Woodville 40c 

825  Yellow  Jacket 20@21 

AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

6075  Argenta 70(#80c 

220  Albion 50c 

295  Belmont 50@60c 

250  Bulwer 15W143 

150  Bodie 72@S 

"""  Bechtel 75c 


..  33(^33  j 

.  .50(«»45c 

."',5i@51 

.1.30iffU 
..35i>t'3-4i 
..H*iI10? 


1200  Booker 

200  Belvidere 

1600  Belle  Isle 

150  Black  Hawk.. 

100  Champion 

40  C  Pacific  . 


. .  .25@30c 

60c 

20c 

70c 

40c 

.1.70(«1:; 


3U(>'2:>c 

. . .  .30c 
....20c 


.1.61 


110  Dudley 1.10@1 

60  Day 25c 

135  DeFrees 

65  Eureka  Con... 
1500  Endowment... 
1105  GrandPrize... 

250  Goodshaw 

100  Hussey 

100  Hillside 

210  Independence. 

200  Jackson 

30  Leeds 

200  Leopard 50c 

225  Manhattan 31 

170  Mono 21@2.10 

2000  Modoc 60@55c 

500  McClinton 35(c630c 

595  Northern  Belle 61@6 

460  Navajo  . 

435  Oriental 50c 

1200  ParadiBe. 

400  Raymond  &  Ely.  .  ,61@6i 

190  SEodie 25c 

2150  S  Bulwer 90c(M 

250  Summit 2.15@2> 

50  Star 80c 

20  Tiptop 1.20 

300  Tuscarora 5c 

470  Tioga  Con 1.70 

Tuesday  A.M.,  Jan.  21. 

200  Alpha 123@13 

915  Alta ImSk 

120  Andes 50c 

285  Best  &  Belcher... 221<o)22J 
305  Belcher 42<n»4.85 


1380  Bullion S(a72 

815  Benton 4.65@4i 

720  California 9i@92 

435  Caledonia 3.10@3 

750  Con  Virginia 8g@8| 

2580  Con  Imperial... 95c@l. 05 

60  Chollar 474 

335  Crown  Point 5g@5| 

495  Confidence 15J@15 

765  Challenge 2J@2.65 

250  Dardanelles 1.30 

355  Exchequer 5g@51 

920  Gould  &  Curry... 13J(<*13A 

200  Geo  Douglas 50c 

490  H  Si  Norcross 17@16g 

440  Justice 4.10@i,15 

2375  Julia 3.60^3.45 

190  Kentuck 5i@5& 

640  Kossuth 20<£  15c 

410  Lady  Bryan 70@75c 

193  Lady  Wash 1$@1 

2515  Leviathan l@80c 

240  Mexican 

250  Mides 

100  Morning  Star. 

370  MtHood 

70  New  York 

320  North  Con  Vir. 

1025  N  Bonanza... 

90  Ophir 

305  Overman 

655  Phil  Sheridan 35c 

470  Sierra  Nevada. . .  .46@451 

55  Savage 14^(rol4i 

10  Seg  Belcher 20 

510  Silver  Hill 2 

810  Succor 1.10@1J 

100  St  Louis 50c 

425  Sutro 20c 

160  Scorpion li@ll 

1450  Solid  Silver 80c 

300  Trojan 45c 

140  Utah 17@17i 

SO  Union  Con 58 

50  Woodville 35c 

460  Wells-Fargo 20@15c 

1380  Ward 70(S>75c 

1185  Yellow  Jacket... 19i@20J 

AFTERNOON  SEBSIOM. 

2300  Argenta 60C*55c 

100  A3bion 50c 

120  Bulwer 14j 

345  Bodie 8i 

650  Booker 30c 

225  Belmont 60c 

480  Bechtel l@75c 

30  Black  Hawk 75c 

100  Belvidere 70@75c 

1000  Belle  Isle 20c 

150  C  Pacific 1.70(^11 

500  Chieftain J0c 

200  Dudley 1 

400  Day 30c 

535  Endowment 30@25c 

190  Eureka  Con 26 

550  Goodshaw 30@35c 

200  Golden  Chariot 15c 

1375  Grand  Prize 4.40(*41 

700  Highbridge 1.70(gfll$ 

100  Hillside 2.15 

600  Independence., 1.65(^1. 55 

250  Jackson 7J(®7i 

70  Leopard 30c 

445  Mono 2@V} 

155  Manhattan 3.60 

1720  Modoc 60@50c 

600  McClinton 40@30c 

35  M  White 5 

20  Northern  Belle 6g 

2800  Navajo 30@25c 

100  Oriental 60@75c 

1250  Paradise 2(6?2.1Q 

50  Raymond  &  Ely 6^7 

100  Richer 75c 

620  Summit 2,10@2 

1200  Star 50c 

850  SBulwer 95@90c 

100  Tuscarora 5c 

230  Tiptop 1 

725  Tioga  Con 1.70 

W  cil'sday  A.M.,  Jan.  32. 

205  Alpha 12J@I3 

330  Alta 8 

360  Andes 5Cc 

455  B&B 213@21S 

755  Bullion 7|@8 

640  Belcher 4J@4.40 

300  Benton 4f(£4.70 

50  Chollar 47 

1020  Con  Virginia 8c«7J 

240  California 9i 

595  Crown  Point 5 

485  Caledonia 3 

4270  Con  Imperial 95c@l 

110  Confidence 14j($15 

430  Challenge 2J, 

1470  Exchequer 5J@5i 

450  Gould  &  Curry. .  .13i@13i 

190  Geo  Douglas 40c 

430  Halo  &Nor 16g@16!| 

950  Justice 4&4.05 

325  Julia 3.30(^3.40 

1900  Leviathan 85@70c 

400  Lady  Bryan 70@60c 

225  Lady  Wash 1} 

65  Mexican 33@32| 

10  Morning  Star 3 

100  North  Con  Vir 5i 

150  New  York 70@75c 

445  N  Bonanza ,11@1.30 

50  Occidental 1 

140  Overman lOjj 

170  Ophir 331@33i 

1395  Phil  Sheridan 25@30c 

315  Succor 1.40@1.35 

245  Savage 14i(fi>143 

505  S  Nevada 44(&45i 

50  Scorpion 1} 

700  Solid  Silver 8Cc 

360  Silver  Hill 2J@2.15 

200  Utah 16j@161 

50  Union 58 

80  Ward 80c 

1000  Wells-Fargo 20@15c 

985  Yellow  Jacket. % .  .19J@19 

AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

1100  Argenta 60@55c 

150  Belvidere 70(£65c 

150  Belmont 60c 

200  Bulwer 14? 

150  Bechtel 1 

540  Belle  Isle 20c 

570  Bodie 8@72 

95  C  Pacific li 

400  Dudley 1 

95  DeFrees 15c 

365  Day 25@20c 

100  Eureka  Con 26i@26 

450  Endowment 30c 

1030  GrandPrize 4i@4.10 

1400  Goodshaw 30c 

100  Hamburg 14 

300  Hillside 2.10@1.80 

200  Highbridge 1 .55 

750  Independence  ...li@1.40 

100  Jackson 7 

100  Leopard 40c 

100  Leeds 1 

50  Modoc 55c 

100  Manhattan 3.60@31 

180  McClinton 25@40c 

390  M  White 5 

100  Mono 1.65 

220  Northern  Belle 6@7 

120  Navajo 30@25c 

625  Paradise 21 

230  Raymond  &  Ely 6! 

800  Summit 1 .  60@l] 

100  Syndicate 2 

350  S  Bulwer 85c 

100  Tioga  Con 1.60 

50  Tiptop 1 


SALES  OF   LAST  WEEK  AND  THIS  COMPARED 


Tlmrsd'y  A.  M.,  Jan.  16. 

205  Alpha 12J@12i 

1105  Alta 6J@7i 

100  Andes 60c 

395  Best&  Belcher. ..!""  " 
700  Belcher , 


Thursday  A.M.,  Jan.  'Hi. 

200  Alba 81@Sjj 

820  Alpha 14SicC15 

200  Andes 45(ai50c 

250  Best  &  Belcher .'  .22 

640  Bullion 8i@82 


MINING  SHAREHOLDERS'  DIRECTORY. 

Compiled  every  Thursday  from  Advertisements  in  Mining  and  Scientific  Press  and  other  S.  F.  Journals. 
ASSESSMENTS-STOCKS  ON  THE  LISTS  OF  THE  BOARDS. 


Company. 

Alta  S  M  Co 

Aurora  T  &  M  Co 

Belmont  M  Co 

Belvidere  M  Co 

Benton  Con  M  Co 

Best  &  Belcher  M  Co 

Bullion  M  Co 

Crown  Point  G  &  S  M  Co 

Florence  Blue  Gravel  M  Co 

Gila  S  M  Co 

Hale  &  Norcross  S  M  Co 

Hussey  Con  G  &  S  M  Co 

Julia  Con  M  Co 

Justice  M  Co 

K  K  Consolidated 

Leopard  M  Co 

Lady  Bryan  M  Co 

Martin  "White  M  Co 

MaybelleCon  M  Co 

McCrackin  Con  M  Co 

Modock  Con  M  Co 

Mono  M  Co 

North  BonanzaM  Co 

Panther  M  Co 

PhilSheridanG&SCo 

Resolute  T  &  M  Co 

Savage  M  Co 

Scorpion  S  M  Co 

Silver  Hill  M  Co 

Succor  M  &  M  Co 

Tioga  Con  M  Co 

Vermont  Con  M  Co 

Ward  G  &  S  M  Co 

William  Penn  M  Co 

Yellow  Jacket  S  M  Co 


LOCATION. 

Nevada    13 

California  2 
Nevada    19 

California  2 
Nevada  1 
Washoe  13 
Nevada  8 
Nevada    36 

California  3 
Nevada  3 
Nevada  60 
Nevada  7 
Nevada      8 

California  27 
Nevada  7 
Nevada  9 
Nevada  1 
Nevada  5 
California  2 
Arizona  2 
Calfornia  7 
Bodie  2 
Nevada  1 
Nevada  10 
Nevada      8 

California  1 
Nevada  36 
Nevada  4 
Nevada  5 
Nevada    21 

California  4 
Nevada\    2 

California  3 
Nevada  4 
Nevada    31 


No.    Amt.  Levied.    Delinq'nt.    Sale. 


1  00    Dec  10 
20    Dec  7 
50    Nov  27 
20    Dec  7 
50    Dec  11 
1  00    Jan  3 
1  00    Dec  3 
1  00    Dec  12 
03    Jan  22 
25    Jan  22 
50    Dec  10 
15    Jan  20 
1  00    Jan  21 
1  00    Jan  10 
1  00    Jan  3 
50    Jan  3 
50    Jan  2 
1  50    Dec  14 
10    Jan  21 
50    Oct  22 
50    Nov  14 
50    Jan  8 
50    Dec  6 
10    Jan.  2 
15    Jan  21 
10    Dec  28 
1  00    Dec  4 
10    Dec  3 
50    Jan  3 
50    Dec  19 
20    Dec  20 
15    Dec  7 
30    Jan  10 
03    Nov  22 
1  00    Jan  15 


Jan  13 
Jan  10 
Jan  3 
Jan  20 
Jan  15 
Feb  6 
Jan  7 
Jan  16 

Feb  25 

Mar  3 
Jan  15 

Feb  26 
Feb  27 
Feb  15 
Feb  6 
Feb  6 
Feb  2 
Jan  21 
Feb  25 

Jan  16 

Jan  13 
Feb  12 
Jan  10 
Feb  6 

Feb  24 
Feb  3 
Jan  7 
Jan  18 
Feb  6 

Jan  21 
Jan  21 
Jan  9 
Feb  14 
Jan  23 
Feb  19 


Jan  31 
Feb  15 
Jan  27 
Feb  20 
Feb  3 
Feb  26 
Jan  29 
Feb  6 
Marl5 
Mar  24 
Feb  7 
Mar  21 
Mar  19 
Mar  5 
Mar  5 
Mar  28 
Feb  24 
Feb  21 
Mar  14 
Feb  15 
Jan  30 
Mar  4 
Jan  28 
Feb  28 
Mar  17 
Mar  3 
Jan  27 
Feb  10 
Feb  28 
Feb  10 
Feb  13 
Jan  29 
Mar  6 
Feb  9 
Mar  19 


Secretary. 
W  H  Watson 
C  V  D  Hubbard 
J  WPew 
CVD  Hubbard 
W  H  Watson 
W  Willis 
Joseph  Gruss 
James  Newlands 
F  A  McGee 
Wm  W  Parish 
J  F  Lightner 
R.  II  Brown 
A  Noel 
R  E  Kelly 
B  B  Minor 
R  H  Brown 
C  V  Hubbard 
J  J  Scoville 
G  A  Holden 
H  A  Whiting 

J  WPew 
W  H  Lent 
W  W  Stetson 
J  W  Pew 
D[L  Thomas 
J  L  Fields 
E  B  Holmes 
G  R  Spinney 
W  E  Dean 
W  H  Watson 
W  H  Lent 
E  F  Stone 
Jacob  Stadtfeld 
O  J  Humphrey 

Mercer  Otey 


Place  of  Business 

302  Montgomery  st 

312  California  sfc 

310  Pine  st 

312  California  st 

302  Montgomery  st 

309  Montgomery  st 

418  California  st 

203  Bush  st 

Merchants  Ex 

323  Montgomery  st 

58  Nevada  Block 

327  Pine  st 

419  California  st 
419  California  st 

310  Pine  at 

327  Pino  st 

Cosmopolitan  Hotel 

59  Nevada  Block 

301  Pine  st 

211  Sansome  st 

310  Pine  st 

309  Montgomery  st 

309  Montgomery  st 

310  Pine  st 

203  Bush  st 

240  Montgomery  st 

309  Montgomery  st 

310  Pinost 

203  Bush  st 

302  Montgomery  st 

327  Pino  st 

306  Pine  st 

419  California  Bt 

328  Montgomery  st 

Gold  Hill  Nev 


OTHER  COMPANIBS-NOT  ON  THE  LISTS  OF  THE  BOARDS. 


Advance  M  Co 
Argent  M  Co 
Arizona  S  M  Co 
Black  Hawk  O  M  Co 
Brilliant  M  Co 
Catawba  M  Co 
Ciirmelo  Bay  Cual  Co 
Cherokee  Flat  Blue  Grav  Co 
Eagle  S  M  &  M  Co 
Godfrey  Gravel  M  Co 
HaokK  rry  M  &  M  Co 
Hazard  Gravel  M  Co 
Lodi  M  Co 
Loyal  Lead  G  M  Co 
Mariposa  Land  &  M  Co 
Mayflower  M  Co 
Mayflower  Gravel  M  Co 
McClinton  M  Co 
McMillen  S  M  Co 
Mineral  Fork  M  &  S  Co 
Nevada  Gravel  M  Co 
Noonday  M  Co 
Orion  M  Co 
Pleiades  G  &  S  M  Co 
Queen  Bee  M  Co 
Slate  Creek  G  M  Co 
Summit  M  Co 
Summit  GM  Go 


Name  of  Com  pant. 
Belcher  M  Co 
Imputable  Tunnel  &  M  Co 
Manhattan  S  M  Co 
North  Con  Virginia  M  Co 
Raymond  &  Ely  M  Co 
Raymond  &  Ely  S  M  Co 
Twin  Peaks  M  Co 


California     2 

Nevada      4 

Nevada  4 
California      4 

Nevada  1 
California  1 
California  2 
California    40 

Nevada  11 
California     4 

Arizona  3 
California      2 

Nevada  1 
California  2 
California  15 
California  2 
California  3 
California 

Arizona 

Utah 

California 

©ali  f  oruia 

California 

Nevada 
California 
California 
California 
California 


50  Dec  19 
30    Jan  21 

1  00  Dec  9 

25  Dec  10 

05  Jan  13 

20  Jan  3 

25  Dec  20 

05  Dec  20 

10  Nov  30 

05  Jan  17 
50  Jan  17 

06  Dec  9 
Nov  20 
Dec  IS 

1  00  Jan  10 

15  Dec  7 

10  Jan  15 

25  Dec  24 

25  Nov  22 

02  Oct  31 

05  Deo  12 

10  Jan  2 

25  Dec  12 

05  Dec  21 

2b  Dec  2 

25  Jan  21 

05  Nov  19 

50  Nov  27 


25 
60 


Jan  28 

Mar  3 

Jan  13 

Jan  11 

Feb  17 

Feb  6 

Feb  20 

Jan  28 

Jan  7 

Feb  20 

Fob  24 

Jan  8 

Jan  7 

Jan  20 

Feb  12 

Jan  4 

Feb  20 

Jan  28 

Feb  10 

Dec  7 

■bin  15 

eb6 

11  13 

an  24 

Jan  6 

Mar  3 

Jaii6 

Jan  6 


Fob  21 
Mar  25 
Feb  3 
Jan  28 
Mar  9 
Feb  24 
Mar  20 
Feb  18 
Jon  28 
Mar  13 
Mar  14 
Jan  24 
Jan  27 
Feb  11 
Mar  12 
Feb  4 
Mar  12 
Feb  18 
Mar  6 
Jan  30 
Feb  5 
Feb  27 
Jan  28 
Feb  18 
Jan  27 
Mar  31 
Feb  4 
Jan  28 


B  Lengley  309  California  st 

R  H  Brown  327  Pine  st 

W  Willis  309  Montgomery  st 

B  S  Kellogg  306  Pine  st 

Wm  A  Van  VanBokkelen  309  Cal 

B  S  Kellogg  306  Pine  st 

John  Greif  636  Washington  sb 

R  N  Van  Brunt  318  Pine  st 

It  H  Brown  327  Pine  st 

J  M  Buflington  209  California  st 

N  C  Walton  324  Pine  st 

J  T  McGeogbehau  318  Pine  st 

( >  J  Humphrey        328  Montgomery  st 
P  M  McLaren  318  Pine  st 

Leander  Leavitt  309  Montg'y  st 

J  Morizio  328  Montgomery  st 

J  Morizio  328  Montgomery  st 

W  H  Lent  327  Pine  at 

A  O  McMenns     24  Safe  Deposit  Build 
328  Montgomery  st 


Otto  Metchke 
J  Pentecost 
G  A  Holden 
P  Conklin 
WL  Oliver 
T  A  White 
J  L  Fields 
J  W  Clark 
WHLeut 


MEETINGS  TO  BE  HELD. 


Location.  Secretary. 

Washoe  Jno  Crockett 

Utah  Cbas  J  Collins 

Nevada  John  Crocket 

Nevada  G  C  Pratt 

Nevada  J  W  Pew 

Nevada  J  W  Pew 

Nevada  T  W  Colburn 


Office  in  S.  F. 

203  Bush  st 

227  Montgomery  st 

203  Bush  st 

309  Mongomery  st 

310  Pine  st 

310  Pino  st 

414  California  st 


.  Meeting. 
Annual 
Special 
Annual 
Annual 
Special 
Annual 
Annual 


511  California  st 

310  Pine  st 

28  Sansome  st 

328  Montgomery  st 

113  Leidesdorrl  st 

240  Montgomery  st 

318  Pine  st 

327  Pine  st 


Date 
Jan  28 
Jan  31 

Feb  5 
Feb  5 
Jan  28 
Jan  28 
Jan  27 


LATEST  DIVIDENDS-WITHIN    THREE    MONTHS 


Namb  op  Company. 
Bodie  G  M  Co 
California  MCo 
Ex.vlsiur  W  &  M  Co 
Eureka  Con  M  Co 
Golden  Star  M  Co 
Indian  Queen  M  ii  M  Co 
Independence  M  Co 
New  York  Hill  G  M  Co 
Silver  King  M  Co 
Standard  G  MCo 


Location. 
California 

Nevada 
California 

Nevada 

Arizona 
California 

Nevada 

Arizona 
California 


Secretart. 
W  H  Lent 
C  P  Gordon 
G  P  Thurston 
W  W  Traylor 
J  W  Morgan 
A  K  Lturbrow 
R  H  Brown 
F  J  Herrmann 
W  H  Boothe 
W  Willis 


Office  in  S.  F. 

327  Pine  st 

23  Nevada  Block 

315  California  st 

37  Nevada  Block 

318  Fine  st 

69  Nevada  Block 

327  Pine  st 

418  Kearny  st 

S20  California  Bt 

309  Montgomery  st 


Amount. 
1  00 
1  00 

300 

25 

25 

25 

25 

50 
1  00 


Jan  20 
Jan  16 
Dec  20 
Dec  20 
Dec  9 
Dec  17 
Nov  20 
Oct  24 
Oct  22 
Jan  13 


905  Bullion 81@83 

205  Benton 4.10(aj4; 

700  Baltimore  Con 11^2. 

755  California 9a(rt>9| 

650  Con  Virginia 7j@i 

690  Crown  Point 5J@5g 

80  Cbollar 49@50 

4010  Con  Imperial 90@95c 

230  Confidence 13S@14 

780  Caledonia 3.05(f*3,io 

675  Challenge 2£@2.80 

700  Exchequer 54@5i 

10  Flowery 50c 

800  Gould  &  Curry.... 15^151 

440  Hale  &  Nor 17i<»18 

510  Justice 4.35@4.4S 

1700  Julia 3.70@3.80 

655  Kentuck 53 

120  Lady  Wash 1J@1.30 

410  Lady  Bryan 70c 

500  Leviathan 50@55c 

445  Mexican 33S@333 

525  New  York 70@75c 

160  North  Con  Vir 7J 

80  Ophir ' 34; 

1045  Overman llj(ftll: 

975  Phil  Sheridan  ...1J@1. 45 
585  Sierra  Nevada. . .  .511(^53 

1365  Savage 15C*15J 

440  Succor.. 20@30c 

750  Silver  Hill 1.60 

850  Solid  Silver 1@1 .  If 

300  Trojan 50> 

575  Union  Con 60©61L 

190  Utah 1S<£*18S 

450  Ward 75c 

50  Woodville 30c 

235  Yellow  Jacket... 19J@19g 


AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

5200  Argenta 60(J»70c 

90  Bulwer 

1110  Bodie 8J- 

50  Bechtel 

150  Belmont 50c 

300  Belle  Isle 20c 

975  Booker 30@35c 

20  Belvidere 60c 

20  Black  Hawk 60c 

750  Chieftain 10c 

290  Caledonia (B  H)..l@1.15 


1140  Dudley 1 .05@1J 

410  Eureka  Con 28J@29 

300  Endowment 30c 

400  Gila 20c 

950  Goodshaw 35@30t 

3S20  Grand  Prize...3.95@4.10 

600  Highbridge If 

500  Hillside 2.10@2J 

1900  independence.. 1.35@1. 40 

50  Jackson 7i 

300  Leeds 1 

315  Manhattan 3i@3i 

315  Modoc 50(*55t 

100  McClinton 30c 

220  Navajo 35< 

110  Northern  Belle,  ...7i@7i 


..41(^4.80 

200  Baltimore  Con 

li 

1100  Benton 

4.85@4.9C 

340  Caledonia 

3.05(i<3.1( 

1250  Con  Imperial. 

l.lOyel.15 

..2.60@2:i 

360  Con  Virginia. . 

7S@i 

...16J@H 

40  Chollar 

4J 

290  Crown  Point. . 

....5$@5f 

....6K(v6f 

1365  Exchequer.... 

480  Gould  &  Curry 

..B|@13| 

100  Geo  Douglas. . 

50c 

325  Hale  &  Nor... 

..17i@17| 

4.3C 

150  Kentuck 

6 

100  Kossuth 

20c 

70  Lady  Wash.... 

U 

...75®70c 

...70i.".75c 

..34J(n?342 

11 

300  New  York.... 

75c 

195  N  Con  Virginia 

6@61 

400  N  Sierra  Nevada 5c 

200  N  Bonanza... 

..11«"1.45 

-.343 

...ioS@n 

1960  Phil  Sheridan 

...25(*30c 

590  SierraNevada. 

..46i(rt471 

..14^rtl4i 

40  Seg  Belcher... 

23 

750  Silver 'Hill 

2.35@2.40 

..1.40@lj 

30  Scorpion 

li 

55c 

1120  Yellow  Jacket. 

..20.V20I 

AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

L330  Argenta 

...70@75c 

750  Belmont 

...COnitoc 

65c 

400  Booker 

. .  .40@50c 

75  C  Pacific 

li 

25c 

15  Eureka  Con... 

.  .27@27i 

600  Grand  Prize. . . 

..4.15(241 

100  Golden  Chariot 

20c 

300  Goodshaw 

30c 

200  Hussey 

.100  Highbridge.... 

.li@l.70 

120  Hillside 

200  Independence.. 

1.40 

..S&nSOc 

60c 

125  Martin  White  . 

5 

265  Northern  Belle 

655  Oriental 50@75c 

525  Paradise 2.60(^2.70 

360  Raymond  &  Ely...73.<&8J 

1060  Summit 2iC*2$ 

2700  Star 50(tf60c 

1300  Tuscarora 5c 

400  Tioga  Con li@1.30 

210  Tiptop '..1 


70  Raymond  &  Ely 6J@7 

100  SBulwer. 70o 

1280  Summit 14 

130  Syndicate 2@2$ 

5  Silver  King \7 

600  Tioga 1.35 

150  Tiptop 1.10 

500  University 1 


Pacific  Board— Latest  Sales. 


Wcd'sOay  A.M.,  .fan.  22, 

50  Alpha 13 

175  Alta 8i 

70  Belcher.... 41 

100  Best  &  Belcher 22 

170  Bullion 7S@8 

120  Con  Virginia S@7? 

2750  Con  Imperial ltai.05 

90  Crown  Point 5J05.2O 

150  California 9fl 

340  Caledonia 3@2.9 

115  Exchequer 5.80(*5S 

240  Gould  &  Curry... 13i@13fi 

40  Hale  &  Nor 17@17i 

60  Justice H 

440  Julia 3.55@3.45 

20  Kentuck *3 

60  Mexican 331 

180  Ophir 333@34 

340  Savage 14i@14J 

70  Sierra  Nevada.... 44J@45 
290  Silver  Hill 2.20 

40  Utah 16$ 

200  Yellow  Jacket... 19i(ofil9g 

-  A  fternoon  session. 

10  Alta 88 


35  Argenta.... 55c 

110  Alpha 133@13S 

ISO  Benton 4.80(344 

70  Bullion 81@8| 

60  California 9g 

4335  Con  Imperial.. 1. 05@1. 10 

110  Exchequer  6 

20  Gould  &  Curry. ,  .13i(3U3S 

100  Geo  Douglas 50c 

20  Httlefc  Nor 174 

70  Justice 4i@4.20 

290  Julia 3.80@3.90 

170  Kossuth 20c 

50  N  Bonanza 1.30 

75  New  York 80c 

10  Ophir 34i 

100  Phil  Sheridan 30c 

300  SUtah 18c 

610  St  Louie 60c 

500  S  Bulwer 85c 

15  Sierra  Nevada 45 

220  Silver  Hill 2J@2.3f> 

50  Trojan 40o 

350  Ward 90c 

20  Yellow  Jacket...  19 j@19J 


California  Board— Latest  Sales. 


Wcd*8f1ay  A.M.,  Jan.  22. 

30  Alta 75 

150  Atlantic 75c 

600  jEtna 75c 

300  Atlas 12c 

100  Atlanta 9c 

200  Belmont 65c 

80  Best  &  Belcher  . .  .22@21i 

40  Belcher 4J 

110  Bullion 7B@8 

70  California 9J@9B 

40  Con  Virginia 8 

300  Con  Imperial 98c@l 

40  Crown  Point..... 51 

135  Caledonia 3.05 

60  Exchequer 54 

110  Gould  &  Curry... 13i@13j 

500  Globe 3c 

200  Golden  Chariot 15c 

60  Hale  &  Norcross.  16S@16i 

40  Justice 4ft 

445  Julia 3i@3.30 

650  Kossuth 18c 

100  Leviathan 85c 

50  Mexican 33j 

200  Mackey U 

180  MtHood 40c 

200  NMouuniental ...3e 


40  Ophir 34 

30  Savage 144 

.40  Sierra  Nevada. . .  ,42@42ft 

100  StLouis 75c 

100  Trojan 44c 

200  Twin  Peaks 2c 

100O  UFlag lc 

30  Yellow  Jacket ' 19g 

AFTERNOON  3KHBION. 

30  Alpha 131 

750  Atlanta 25o   ( 

325  Mtva 75c 

500  Atlas 17c 

60  Alta 8g(d8j 

30  Bullion 8j 

60  Best  &  Belcher...  21  J@212 

50  Belcher 4.60 

100  Black  Hawk 85c    1 

190  Belmont 60c 

70  Con  Virginia 8@8i 

50  Crown  Point 5ft 

1000  Con  Imperial 1 .  05 

50  California 9S<P94 

50  Caledonia 3.20 

500  Coso  Con 5c   j 

70  Exchequer .51(36 

100  Enterprise 1    I 

90  Gould  &  Curry. .  .13i@13| 


January  25,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


53 


50  GoMen  Chari  X 

8M  Jujrtiw «. 06^41 

50  Kcutuck... t 

300  I.«riattuu 80c 

130  L  Bry«. 70c 

H  Kaxteu 33i"3J| 

1  Vli     

sou  North  Ouwd Lfe 

-  ■■  N  Sierra  Ncfada.  .  .TQffa 
3U  U[.h!r 11 


100  Phil  Sheridan 30c 

■ 

TOSaTBfie H.  |1« 

30  Sierra  Xer*U 

220  Silver  Hill. 

400  Santla*-. 1  "U 

3U)  Trujan 13     U 

Q  OoQ M 

115  Wales 

100  War. I 
'.'0  Yrlluw  Jacket VH 


Mining  Share  Market 

The  market  during  the  past  week  has  run 
pretty  even,  with  some  improvement  shown  in 
the  shares  of  leading  I'uinstock  mines.  This 
improvement  has  not  been  due  to  Any  actual 
developments  mule  meantime,  but  to  a  grow- 
ing belief,  or  rather  hope  that  such  would  soon 
occur  at  Homo  point  along  the  line  of  the  deep 
explorations  DOW  in  progress  there.  There 
soems  also  to  be  a  growing  conviction  in  the 
public  mind,  that  these  mines  are  likely  to  be 
administered  with  more  economy  hereafter, 
than  has  in  times  past  characterized  their  man- 
agement. That  the  burdens  heretofore  imposed 
upon  this  class  of  shareholders  will  be  some- 
what lightened,  for  a  time  at  least,  may  reason- 
ably be  hoped  for,  as  most  of  the  prominent 
companies  have  now  got  their  working  and 
prospecting  shafts  sunk  to  great  depths,  have 
these  shafts  well  outfitted  with  powerful  hoist- 
ing and  pumping  machinery,  some  of  them 
being  also  supplied  with  extensive  reduction 
works,  their  current  expenses  ought  not  to  be 
very  heavy  for  some  time  to  come.  Besides 
these  costly  equipments,  much  dead  work  has 
been  done,  further  diminishing  necessary  pre- 
liminary expenditures  in  the  future.  The  Corn- 
stock  mines  have  now  been  put  in  easy  com- 
munication with  the  outside  world,  and  with 
the  fuel  and  lumber  supplying  woodlands,  as 
well  also  as  with  many  of  the  larger  reduction 
works,  through  the  construction  of  railroads, 
securing  to  them  great  advantages.  Then  it 
may  be  expected  that  some  gains  will  accrue  to 
the  various  companies  prosecuting  deep  explora- 
tions through  the  completion  of  the  Satro 
tunnel,  now  sufficiently  advanced  to  be  of 
service  to  a  portion  of  them.  During  the  week 
a  couple  of  the  so-called  "bucket  shops"  operat- 
ing iu  this  city,  which  had  before  been  partially 
strangled,  have  been  effectually  choked  to  death. 
If  there  are  any  more  of  these  swindling  con- 
cerns left,  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  they  will  in 
like  manner  undergo  speedy  strangulation.  As 
our  mining  shares  are  being  extensively  listed 
on  the  New  York  Stock  Boards,  there  seems  a 
probability  that  they  will  meet  with  consider- 
able sales  in  the  East,  provided  that  these 
offerings  embrace  only  stocks  of  solid  merit.  It 
will  be  to  the  interest  of  companies  intending  to 
avail  themselves  of  this  new  opening  for  the 
sale  of  their  shares,  that  it  be  not  deluged  with 
the  stocks  of  "wildcat"  concerns,  of  which  we 
have  such  a  super-abundance  on  this  coast. 

The  Fire-Boat. 

Messrs.  Dickson,  De  Wolf  &  Co.  have  sent 
the  following  handsome  compliment  to  the  Har- 
bor Commissioners,  touching  the  powerful  fire- 
boat  Governor  Irwin. 

To  the  Honorable,  the  Board  of  Harbor  Com- 
missioners, San  Francisco — Gentlemen:  In  the 
name  of  the  owners  of  the  ship  River  Nith,  we 
have  to  give  you  our  sincere  thanks  for  your 
great  politeness  and  promptitude  in  tendering  us 
the  use  of  the  fire-boat  Governor  Irwin,  on  Sat- 
urday last,  when  the  cargo  of  the  River  Nith 
was  discovered  to  be  on  fire.  The  efficiency  of 
the  Governor  Irwin  in  extinguishing  fires  is  un- 
doubted, aud  the  quiet,  unostentatious  and 
active  exertions  of  the  Captain  and  his  crew  be- 
yond praise.  Though  in  business  here  for  a 
number  of  years,  it  has  been  very  seldom  that 
we  have  had  the  pleasure  to  be  so  thoroughly 
satisfied  with  any  occurrence  as  that  in  the  as- 
sistance rendered  to  us  by  yourselves  and  the 
Governor  Irwin.  We  have  the  pleasure  to  re- 
main, gentlemen,  your  most  obedient  servants, 
Dickson,  De  Wolf  &  Co. 

The  fire-boat  alluded  to,  we  described  in  de- 
tail a  short  time  since.  She  has  two  of  the 
well-known  type  of  Honker  patent  steam 
pumps,  manufactured  by  W.  T.  Garratt.  These 
pumps  have  15^-inch  steam  cylinders,  9-inch 
water  cylinders,  and  24-inch  stroke.  When  at 
work  they  throw  a  deluge  of  water,  about  equal 
to  what  would  be  thrown  by  eight  of  the  best 
steam  fire-engines.  The  fire-boat  has  been  a 
great  success,  its  efficiency  being  universally 
recognized  wherever  it  has  been  used. 


iining    Nummary. 


TYie  following  la  mostly  condensed  from  Journals  pub- 
lished in  the  Interior,  in  proximity  to  the  mint*  mentioned. 


Bullion  Shipments. 

Since  our  last  issue  shipments  of  bullion  have 
been  as  follows:  Standard,  Jan.  14th,  $14,- 
679.40;  Northern  Belle,  Jan.  13th,  §3,184.40; 
Alexander,  Jan.  18th,  $6,000;  Tybo  Con.,  Jan. 
13th,  $7,914.78;  Grand  Prize,  Jan.  20th,  $23,- 
000;  California,  Jan.  18th,  $94,259.02;  Bodie, 
Jan.  17th,  $17,000;  Northern  Belle,  Jan.  15th, 
$2,574.52;  Hillside,  Jan.  20th,  $5,950;  Christy, 
-Jan.  20th,  $6,481;  Con.  Virginia,  Jan.  18th, 
.■  $29,288.42;  Tybo  Oon.,  Jan.  14th,  $4,045.16; 
Standard,  Jan.  18th,  $15,561.58;  Ophir,  Jan. 
18th,  $20,789.19;  Tybo  Con.,  Jan.  17th, 
$4,064.60;  Argenta,  Jan.  19th,  $5,847.3S. 


CALIFORNIA. 
AMADOR. 

TiiKM.iMKF;iriiAi:i».-.A'-/-iA7i,  Jan.  IS:  The 
sinking  of  the  last  one  hundred  feet  in  the 
Monterichard  mine  will  probably  be  completed 
nine — making  the  mine  now  about  360 
feet  in  depth.  Some  of  the  rock  from  the  bot- 
tom of  this  shaft  has  been  brought  into 
our  ottice,  which,  indeed,  has  a  very  Mattering 
look.  It  appears  to  be  of  a  much  butter  quality 
than  that  taken  from  nearer  the  BUrfaoe,  be- 
sides  being  very  rich  with  black  BUlphureta, 
which  has  heretofore  been  very  scarce  in  the 
developed  portion  of  the  mine.  The  lead  COH- 
tiuues  its  width  of  from  two  to  three  feet,  with 
no  indication  of  narrowing.  The  miners  think 
the  rock  will  average  a  yield  of  $'-'3  per  ton. 

The  rumor  of  the  caving  of  the  Pennsylva- 
nia miuc,  to  which  we  referred  last  week, 
proves  to  have  been  well  founded.  The  poorly- 
timbered  shaft  gave  way,  the  mill  was  rendered 
useless  and  about  fifty  square  feet  of  the  sur- 
face caved  in.  It  is  wonderful  that  no  lives 
were  lost.  A  new  shaft  will  have  to  be  sunk 
and  the  mill  have  to  be  moved.  Next  timo  it 
is  to  be  hoped  that  the  work  will  be  done  with 
a  view  to  security  and  not  for  cheapness. 

The  old  Drytown,  or  Seaton,  as  it  is  better 
known,  has  been  started  up  again  by  the  own- 
ers of  the  Little  Amador  company,  under  the 
superinteudency  of  Mr.  R.  Johns.  They  are  at 
present  engaged  in  cleaning  out  the  old  tunnel. 
It  is  said  they  intend  putting  up  new  hoisting 
works  some  time  next  spring. 

The  Centennial  company  are  still  running 
their  mill  of  20  stamps.  It  is  rumored  that  the 
company  have  declared  an  assessment  of  ten 
cents  per  share. 

The  mill  for  the  Moore  mine  is  nearing  com- 
pletion, and  will  probably  be  ready  for  opera- 
tion by  the  time  the  necessary  piping,  etc.,  are 
completed  for  the  conduction  of  water.  A 
large  quantity  of  splendid  rock  is  now  on  the 
dump  awaiting  the  readiness  of  the  mill. 
BUTTE. 

An  Old  Mine  Re-opened. — Mercury,  Jan. 
17:  Work  was  resumed  Monday  upon  the  old 
Banner  mine,  located  across  the  river,  four 
miles  from  the  city,  at  the  foot  of  Table  moun- 
tain. At  one  time,  in  the  days  of  old,  when 
this  was  one  of  the  most  prosperous  mining  dis- 
tricts on  the  coast,  the  Banner  mine  was  a 
bonanza,  and  was  believed  to  be  the  richest 
mine  in  the  State.  In  1S60,  a  cave  occurred  on 
the  claim  and  work  was  discontinued.  Since 
that  time  it  has  lain  idle.  Prior  to  this  mishap, 
the  proprietors,  Messrs.  J.  McSmith  and  E.  M. 
Sparks,  had  made  fortunes  out  of  the  property 
and  therefore  neglected  to  repair  the  damage 
done  by  the  disaster  and  continue  operations. 
Recently  San  Francisco  operators  and  capital- 
ists have  been  negotiating  for  an  interest  in  the 
mine,  which  they  have  now  secured,  and  one  of 
the  principal  owners,  Mr.  Kinney,  informs  us 
that  the  company  intend  to  push  the  work  and 
develop  the  resources  of  the  claim  to  their 
fullest  extent.  The  intention  is  to  sink  a  shaft 
through  the  debris  until  the  old  workings  are 
reached  and  then  resume  operations  where  the 
former  operations  ceased.  Mr.  McSmith  re- 
tains an  interest  and  will  act  as  Superintendent 
of  the  work.  A  quartz  mill  will  be  erected  as 
soon  as  necessary,  and  judging  from  the  past 
record  of  the  lode,  there  can  be  no  doubt  but 
what  the  company  will  reap  a  rich  harvest. 
CALAVERAS. 

Inception  of  a  Great  Enterprise. — Chroni- 
cle, Jan.  18:  Next  Monday  morning  work  will 
be  commenced,  by  the  Happy  Valley  Blue 
Gravel  and  Hydraulic  M.  Co.,  in  prosecution 
of  the  great  enterprise  to  which  references  have 
previously  been  made  in  this  paper.  To  refresh 
the  recollections  of  our  readers,  however,  we 
will  repeat  that  the  company  was  formed  for 
the  purpose  of  working  the  well  known  Sport 
Hill  and  Happy  Valley  hydraulic  mines,  embrac- 
ing a  large  scope  of  rich  gravel.  The  principal 
obstacle  now  in  the  way  of  profitably  working 
the  ground  is  the  want  of  "dump"  and  the 
attention  of  the  company  wiU  be  first  directed 
to  supplying  that  deficiency.  With  that  object 
in  view  a  tunnel  is  to  be  run  from  the  slope 
extending  down  to  the  Calaveras  river  through 
to  the  mining  ground  designed  to  be  worked — 
starting  at  a  point  low  enough  to  drain  the 
deepest  part  of  the  "diggings"  and  to  give  the 
flume  an  abundance  of  "fall."  The  survey  of 
the  tunnel  is  just  completed.  The  great  bore 
will  be  3,262  feet  in  length,  five  feet  wide  on 
the  bottom  and  seven  feet  high.  We  under- 
stand that  contracts  have  already  been  let  and 
that  ground  will  be  broke  next  Monday  morning. 
It  is  an  undertaking  of  magnitude,  but  it  is  the 
opinion  of  miners  generally  that  the  enterprise 
will  eventually  prove  a  profitable  one. 

Gwin  Mine. — Everything  continues  to  pro- 
gress favorably  at  the  Gwin  mine.  All  the 
stamps  are  kept  in  constant  operation,  the  bat- 
teries being  fed,  principally,  from  the  1400-foot 
stopes.  The  ore  mined  is  not  especially  high 
grade,  but  the  quality  of  the  rock  is  sufficiently 
good  to  permit  of  the  declaration  of  handsome 
dividends  monthly.  The  1500  level  is  still 
being  extended  north  and  very  fair  ore  is  being 
taken  from  the  higher  stopes.  The  Gwin  mine 
has  been  a  steadily  paying  property  for  years, 
and  while  there  is  no  probability  that  it  will 
ever  discontinue  its  golden  favors, the  indications 


are  favorable  to  on  enehanced  yield  in  the  near 
future. 

ELDORADO 

I  "in.  Minks. — Mountain  Democrat,  Jan.  18: 
The  new  pumps  are  at  work  in  the  Springfield 

mine.  The  shipments  are  the  same  as  usual, 
and  the  rock  looking  well.  The  McNulty  mine 
has  been  thoroughly  prospected,  and  the  .Super- 
intendent is  confident  of  success.  Accordingly 
a  mill  and  hoisting  works  are  in  course  of  erec- 
tion at  the  mine.  The  German  mine,  near  the 
McKulty,  is  being  worked  by  a  company  from 
San  Eranciseo,  and  is  paying  well.  The  rock 
taken  from  the  Centra]  mine,  near  the  Spring- 
field, promises  to  pay  well,  and  will  be  thor- 
oughly tested  by  the  company  in  charge.  The 
Pocohontas  mill  made  a  four  days'  run  on  rock 
from  the  Condo  &  Williams  mine,  and  cleaned 
an  $4,000.  Work  has  been  discontinued  for  a 
time  in  the  Pocohontas  mine,  but  the  mill  is 
kept  running  on  rock  from  different  mines.  It 
lias  made  quite  a  lively  little  burg  of  Logtown. 
INYO 

Kkarsaroe.— Independent!  Jan.  IS:  The 
work  of  deep  mining  on  the  south  side  of  Kear- 
sargc  hill,  by  means  of  a  deep  base  tunnel,  has 
been  settled  upon  by  the  Kearsarge  company,  and 
the  enterprise  begun  by  laying  in  timbers  and 
commencing  the  preliminary  grading.  The 
tunnel,  as  reported  to  us,  is  to  be  wide  enough 
for  a  double  track  and  will  start  into  the 
mountain  immediately  above  the  mill.  It  will 
be  from  1,500  to  2,000  feet  in  length,  cutting 
known  stratas  and  ledges  from  400  to  1,100  feet 
in  depth.  The  concern  is  backed  up  by  fresh 
capital  and  the  work  in  hand  is  to  be  speeded 
by  all  modern  methods  of  power  drills,  etc. 

The  Modock.. — Work  on  the  tunnel  is  pro- 
gressing here  as  usual,  though  the  power  drill 
has  got  into  soft  ground,  in  which  it  does  not 
make  quite  as  rapid  progress  as  in  harder  rock, 
where  the  concussion  of  the  drill  would  more 
perfectly  clear  the  hole  of  dust.  Nevertheless, 
fair  progress  in  the  tunnel  is  being  made,  and 
never  at  such  comparatively  small  cost  in  all 
departments  as  here  of  late — a  result  due  in 
good  part  to  an  improved  system  generally,  as 
well  as  in  the  use  of  improved  machinery,  par- 
ticularly the  drill,  which  is  a  great  institution 
itself.  Week  before  last  the  total  length  of 
tunnel  was  S30  feet,  and  each  week  adds  from 
43  to  50  feet  to  its  length.  This  tunnel  con- 
stitutes the  1000  level,  and  in  about  250 
further,  will  reach  the  vertical  line  and  point 
of  connection  with  the  shaft.  At  the  time  men- 
tioned the  shaft  was  down  a  little  over  900  feet. 
Within  four  or  five  weeks,  according  to  indi- 
cations in  both  tunnel  and  shaft,  especially  the 
former,  we  may  look  for  important  develop- 
ments in  the  Modock. 
MONO- 

Bodie  District. — Bodie  Standard,  Jan.  18: 
The  work  of  development  has  advanced  steadily 
and  favorably  the  past  week.  The  late  rich 
strike  in  the  Standard  mine  is  turning  out  all 
that  was  expected.  A  good  ore  rind  has  been 
made  in  the  Tioga.  In  the  JSyudicate,  Black- 
hawk,  Dudley,  Red  Cloud,  Noonday  and  Good- 
shaw  the  prospect  improves  daily. 

Bodie. — The  new  shalt  is  now  down  349  feet, 
which  is  42  feet  below  the  second  station.  The 
second  level  is  being  advanced  rapidly,  and 
connection  will  be  made  with  the  old  works  in 
a  short  time.  The  south  drift  is  in  350  feet. 
The  ledge  in  the  face  is  looking  well.  The 
drifts  north  and  south  at  the  bottom  of  the 
Bruce  winze  are  each  being  advanced,  and  the 
ledge  is  as  large  as  ever  in  both  directions.  Ore 
of  a  very  rich  quality  is  being  taken  from  these 
drifts.  The  usual  quantity  of  ore  is  being  ship- 
ped to  the  Syndicate  mill,  and  it  is  probable 
that  the  shipment  of  bullion  this  month  will 
considerably  exceed  that  of  last  month. 

Aurora  Tunnel. — The  shaft  on  the  Silas  B. 
Smith  ground  is  down  170  feet.  The  last  30 
feet  has  been  in  an  entire  change  of  ground, 
having  passed  through  the  blue  rock  character- 
istic of  the  west  side  of  Silver  hill  The  bot- 
tom is  dow  in  a  most  favorable  vein  formation, 
being  full  of  seams  of  quartz.  The  Smith  lo- 
cation is  the  oldest  on  Silver  hill;  and  the 
course  of  the  rich  ledges  in  the  Bodie  mine  in- 
dicates that  they  pass  through  this  ground,  and 
it  is  believed  that  the  south  extension  of  the 
rich  veins  mentioned,  as  yet  undiscovered,  will 
be  found  in  the  Silas  B.  Smith.  Crosscutting 
will  be  commenced  at  a  depth  of  200  feet. 

Bulwer. — There  has  been  no  change  worthy 
of  note  in  the  mine  during  the  past  week.  The 
ledge  in  the  south  drift  is  18  inches  wide,  and 
looks  very  well.  The  ledge  in  the  upraise  is 
two  feet  wide,  and  the  ore  at  this  point  is  very 
rich.  The  Stonewall  ledge  is  looking  as  well  as 
usual.  There  are  now  at  the  Bodie  mill  700 
tons  of  ore. 

Goodshaw. — The  shaft  is  now  down  410 
feet.  The  formation  in  the  bottom  is  porphyry 
mixed  with  stringers  of  quartz,  and  the  indica- 
tions are  considered  favorable.  At  a  depth  of 
500  feet  crosscutting  will  be  commenced.  The 
machinery  works  well. 

Mono. — In  consequence  of  the  great  increase 
in  the  flow  of  water,  it  has  been  very  difficult 
to  work  in  the  bottom  of  the  shaft.  The  sta- 
tion timbers  at  400  feet  have  been  put  in,  and 
one  set  below.  Will  commence  opening  the 
station  immediately. 

Bodie  Tunnel. — The  tunnel  is   now  in  over 
700  feet.     The  face  of  the  tunnel  is   still  in   a 
favorable  formation,  and  ventilation  continues 
good. 
NEVADA. 

Milton  M.  Co. — Transcript,  Jan.  19:  We 
are  in  receipt  of  the  annual  report  of  the  Milton 
M.  &  W.  Co.,  for  the  year  ending  Oct   31st, 


1878.     The  net  receipts  were  as  follows: 

1  ranch  lA'tmi  nune $226,231 

l  initio 81*730 

Water  uak-s Q.086 

Rebate  00  powder 2,500 

Soles  822  snares'  ol  capital  stock 38*200 

Uisoelhuieona. o,4S4 


T.Hal  iiti  tvedpta $399,230 

Nine  dividends  were  paid  during  the  yean 
amounting  to  $21.50  per  share,  the  same  aggre- 
gating 3270,748k  The  remainder  of  the  pro- 
ceeds was  applied  to  the  reduction  of  the  out- 
standing indebtedness,  construction,  etc.  In 
December,  1877,  the  debt  due  on  demand  was 
$350,000.  Of  that  amount,  $300,000  was  funded 
the  1st  of  January,  1878,  in  300  bonds  of 
$1,000  each,  bearing  9%  interest,  of  which  50 
are  to  be  taken  up  each  year,  commencing  Jan- 
uary 1st,  1880.  The  gross  yield  of  the  French 
Corral  mine  for  the  past  fiscal  year  was  $363,- 
070,  and  of  the  Manzanita  mine  $173,784,  both 
amounts  representing  gold.  Nothing  has  been 
done  at  the  mines  since  October,  1S78,  for 
want  of  water. 

Pleasant  Valley  Mines. — The  Badger  Flat 
Hydraulic  M.  Co.,  near  Novey's  rauch,  have 
had  five  men  at  work  fitting  up  for  the  rains, 
and  are  now  all  ready.  Free  water  from  the 
avine  is  used,  it  being  conveyed  by  2,000  feet 
of  11-inch  pipe,  and  having  130  feet  fall.  The 
claim  has  been  worked  by  the  present  owners 
for  three  years  past,  last  year  working  off  a 
piece  of  ground  128x12  feet,  which  cleaned  up 
$4,000.  The  bank  is  about  20  feet  high,  and 
the  pay  dirt  is  from  five  to  six  feet  deep.  As 
soon  as  water  can  be  obtained  the  mine  will  be 
started  with  full  force.  The  Nigger  Creek 
hydraulic  mine,  which  has  been  worked  the 
past  four  or  five  years  by  the  same  owners, 
giving  employment  to  a  number  of  men,  is  in 
good  shape  for  the  rainy  season.  It  is  located 
about  one  mile  south  of  the  Hudson  mine,  and 
has  a  supply  of  free  water  to  rely  on.  The  pipe 
is  11-inch,  and  something  like  300  feet  long. 
The  fall  is  nearly  75  feet.  There  is  a  small  bank, 
but  the  pay  streak  is  thought  to  be  deeper  than 
the  Badger  Flat  Co's.  Nine  thousand  dollars 
is  reported  to  have  been  taken  out  here  last 
year. 

The  Hudson  Mine. — Supt.  Skiff  Murchie  was 
in  town  yesterday.  He  says  the  snow  is  rapidly 
disappearing  from  the  locality  of  the  Hudson 
mine.  Everything  is  working  smoothly  at  the 
mine,  with  the  exception  that  the  water  in  the 
ditches  freezes  up  and  the  mill  can  only  be  run 
half  of  the  time.  The  ledge  continues  its  usual 
favorable  showing.  The  Boston  Co.  have  just 
got  through  cleaning  up.  The  result  is  reported 
to  be  very  satisfactory.  There  is  no  water  in 
any  of  the  ditches,  the  frost  and  snow  shutting 
off  all  the  supply. 

Mines  Shutting  Down. — The  continued  cold 
weather  is  having  the  tendency  to  interrupt 
operations  at  some  of  the  largest  quartz  mines  in 
this  district.  The  main  trouble  experienced  is 
from  the  freezing  up  of  water  ditches  connected 
with  the  batteries.  At  the  Murchie  more  or 
less  delay  has  been  met  with  from  this  cause. 
The  Wyoming  shut  down  last  week.  Thursday 
the  Providence  and  Merrifield  followed  suit. 
A  large  number  of  men  are  thus  temporarily 
thrown  out  of  employment. 
PLACER. 

Collins'  Hill  Quartz  Lead. — Herala,  Jan. 
18:  During  the  last  of  1878,  a  party  of  21  men 
from  Portland,  Maine,  came  to  California.  They 
brought  with  them  an  invention  for  saving  fiue 
gold  from  either  sand  or  gravel.  Five  gentle- 
men of  the  company  are  now  stopping  in 
Auburn,  while  other  members  have  gone  to 
other  parts  of  the  State.  They  are  stalwart  and 
practical  men,  of  precisely  the  kind  and  class 
who  are  needed  to  help  the  unbounded  resources 
of  the  Golden  State.  There  is  room  everywhere 
for  such  men.  Immediately  on  their  arrival 
here,  the  five  new-comers  commenced  to  pros- 
pect; and,  it  gives  us  pleasure  to  record  the  fact 
that  they  have  uncovered  a  quartz  ledge  on 
Collins'  hill,  above  the  slaughter  house,  out- 
side the  boundary  of  Mr.  Collins'  ranch,  over 
which  the  people  of  Auburn  have  tramped  for 
the  last  20  years.  On  Tuesday  last  the  com- 
pany  pulverized  a  few  pounds  of  their  quartz  in 
a  hand  mortar,  and  they  obtained  a  splendid 
prospect.  They  are  now  vigorously  at  work, 
going  down  on  their  ledge. 

Ophir  Items.— The  St.  Patrick  mill  will  be 
again  running  on  the  25th,  when  the  whole 
gang  of  24  men  recently  discharged  will  agaiu 
be  put  to  work.  Extra  hands  are  already  being 
put  to  work  in  the  shaft.  Mr.  Shurtleff,  of  the 
Duncan  Hill  mine,  has  50  tons Af  rock  at  Pugh's 
mill  ready  for  crushing,  which  is  expected  to 
yield  good  pay.  The  extension  of  the  old  Cra- 
ter mine  is  about  to  be  re-opened.  A  good  deal 
of  prospecting  is  going  on  among  the  old  claims, 
and  \i  sufficient  water  be  had,  Ophir  will  soon 
be  one  of  the  liveliest  mining  camps  in  the 
county. 
SHASTA-  *  __ 

Copper  City. — Independent,  Jan.  16  :  W. 
B.  Crane  made  a  test  at  smelting  some  copper 
ore  last  Wednesday,  and  the  result  was  very 
satisfactory  ;  and  Mr.  Crane  will  soon  be  turn- 
ing out  copper  in  large  quantities,  as  the  new 
smelter  when  completed  will  be  of  20  tons  capa- 
city per  day.  Superintendent  Charles  Dunn  is 
pushing  work  as  fast  as  possible,  with  a  good 
crew  both  day  and  night,  in  his  new  tunnel  on 
the  Northern  Light.  The  bullion  shipped  from 
the  Extra  Co. 's  mill  the  past  week,  has  been 
much  higher  in  gold  than  the  average  of  the 
bullion  heretofore  shipped,  two  of  the  bricks 
containing  about  $1,200  each  ;  and  bemg  pro- 

Continued  on  page  00. 


54 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[January  25,  1879. 


Mines  and  Works  of  Almaden  —  No.  19. 


FOURTH  PART. 

Administration  and  History  of  the  Mines 
and  "Works. 

Translated  for  the  Press  from    "  Annales  deb  Mines.*' 

II.  History. 
The  Arabic  etymology  of  the  word  Almaden 
(the  mine)  would  give  reason  for  the  belief  that 
the  discovery  of  the  mines  of  mercury  in 
that  region  was  hot  anterior  to  the  conquest  of 
Spain  by  the  Moors.  But  tradition  attributes 
to  them  a  much  more  remote  origin,  and  puts 
back  the  time  of  their  first  exploitation  as  far 
as  the  Phoenicians.  It  is  at  any  rate  certain 
that  the  Komans  knew  of  them.  Theophrastes 
(522  B.  C.,)  affirms  that  they  employed  and 
held  in  high  esteem  the  firm  and  fine  grained 
cinnabar  which  came  from  Spain;  and  Pliny 
recounts  that  this  cinnabar  came  from  the 
.  country  called  Sizaponensis.  Other  historians, 
naturalists  and  geographers  state  that  of  all 
the  mines  of  cinnabar  known  to  the  ancients 
the  most  famous  was  that  of  the  country  of 
Sizaponensis — (Almaden).  It  was  appreciated 
to  the  highest  degree  for  the  purity  of  its  cin- 
nabar, which  made  it' unique  from  this  point  of 
view  in  all  the  Roman  empire.  It  is  known 
that  they  transported  cinnabar  from  Almaden 
to  Rome  under  the  name  of  stone-metal,  in 
chests  (well  made),  and  that  each  voyage  they 
carried  away  10,000  pounds. 

They  ignore,  indeed,  the  exact  use  to  which 
the  ore  was  put;  and  there  is  every  reason  to 
believe  that  the  applications  were  less  numer- 
ous than  they  are  to-day.  It  is  certain,  how- 
ever, that  they  purified  it,  by  a  sort  of  mechan- 
ical preparation,  no  doubt,  and  that  it  was  at 
times  used  by  painters,  and  by  the  Roman 
ladies  for  the  same  purpose.  Pliny  says,  how- 
ever, that  they  burned  it  and  washed  it,  which 
seems  to  indicate  that  they  extracted  the  mer- 
cury from  it. 

The  habit  of  adulterating  it  with  minium 
from  Spain  (from  Carthagenia  and  from  Lin- 
ares, probably)  shows  that  from  this  period  it 
was  an  article  of  merchandise  of  high  value. 

The  word  Sizaphoue,  generally  employed  in 
the  ancient  chronicles  to  designate  the  region 
where  Almaden  is  found  to-day,  leaves  not  a 
doubt  whence  the  Romans  obtained  their  cinna- 
bar. They  have  also  discovered  in  the  old 
works  numerous  antique  remains,  and  particu- 
larly a  great  number  of  Roman  coins. 

But  the  exploitation  of  the  mines  of  Almaden 
did  not  begin  to  be  developed  until  the  dis- 
covery of  America  had  opened  to  their  product 
a  large  field  for  the  treatment  of  silver  ores. 
Previous  to  this  the  mines  of  Almaden,  follow- 
ing the  vicissitudes  of  the  country  in  which 
they  were,  changed  their  proprietorship  several 
times,  either  owing  to  conquests  or  as  the  con- 
sequence of  royal  gifts.  Thus,  in  1161,  king 
Alphonse  VIII.  granted  to  Count  Nuno,  and 
the  Chevaliers  of  Calatrava,  the  towns  and  the 
mines  of  Chillon  and  of  Almaden.  In  the  14th 
century  the  mines  paid  a  tithe  to  the  Arch- 
bishop of  Toledo.  Prom  1499  to  1512  it  was 
again  the  royal  treasury  which  exploited  them 
on  its  own  account. 

The  annual  production  at  this  epoch  was  not 
more  than  23,000  kilograms  of  mercury.  Then 
the  treasury,  embarrassed  by  several  debts 
which  it  had  contracted  to  the  German  bankers 
Fugger,  decided  to  abandon  to  them,  in  1525, 
the  ownership  of  Santiago,  Calatrava,  Alcan- 
tara and  the  pasturage  and  mines  of  Almaden, 
for  three  years.  But  at  the  expiration  of  this 
term,  the  contract  was  renewed  and  the  mines 
remained  in  the  hands  of  the  Fuggers  or 
Pucares  until  1563.  At  this  last  date  they  had 
entire  charge  of  the  exploitation,  for  which 
they  furnished  to  the  treasury  annually  a  quan- 
tity of  mercury  which  varied  from  46  to  200 
tons.  The  situation  remained  the  same  until 
1624. 

It  is  not  known  exactly  what  was  the  pro- 
duct of  the  mines  during  the  first  38  years 
(1525-1563)  of  the  administration  of  the  Fug- 
gers; in  the  61  other  years  (1562-1624)  the 
average  annual  product  was  140  tons  of  mer- 
cury. 

In  1625  the  Fugger  contract  was  prolonged 
for  20  years,  with  the  obligation  of  furnishing 
each  year  to  the  treasury  at  Saville  184  tons  of 
mercury  and  6,900  kilograms  of  vermilion. 

In  1646  the  treasury  resumed  the  exploita- 
tion on  its  own  account  (Real  Hacienda),  with 
an  administrator  who  had  the  name  jurisdic- 
tion as  the  Counts  Fugger,  who  was  placed 
under  the  direction  of  the  Council  of  Finance. 
Later,  from  October,  1708,  to  January,  1717, 
it  was  under  a  special  council  la  Junta  de  A%- 
ogitesj  then  from  1717  to  1735  the  council  or 
Junta  de  India.  In  1735,  by  decree  of  Don  Jose 
Coruego  y  Ybarra,  there  was  established  a  tri- 
bunal called  "General  superintendence  of  mer- 
cury, "  to  which  was  given  the  decision  of  all 
questions  relative  to  the  mines  of  Almaden. 

The  "superintendence"  retained  these  pre- 
rogatives during  more  than  a  century,,  till  1845; 
it  then  lost  these  general  and  judiciary  powers, 
and  only  retained  the  administrative,  which  the 
superintendent  still  exercises  at  the  present  day. 

The  collection  of  documents  belonging  to  the 
mines  of  Almaden  gives  some  details  of  the  ex- 
ploitation of  the  mines  of  Almaden  since  the  end 
of  the  15th  century. 

In  the  manner  of  the  Romans,  who,  in- Spain, 


generally  employed  a  series  of  vertical  cuts  or 
shafts,  at  small  distances  from  each  other;  dur- 
ing this  period  numerous  excavations  were 
made  which  were  known  under  the  names,  San 
Sebastian,  Mineta  Alta,  Mineta  Baja,  Furriaga, 
Contramina,  Antigua,  Mina  Del  Pozo,  etc., 
rather  badly  arranged  and  seeming  to  be  placed 
in  the  vicinity  of  the  shaft  at  present  existing, 
the  San  Aquilino. 

The  old  mine  of  Pozo,  abandoned  between 
1590  and  1615,  had  arrived,  they  said,  at  a 
depth  of  209  meters;  at  this  level  it  finished  by 
being  no  longer  exploitable,  on  account  of  the 
increase  of  the  expense,  and  of  the  difficulties 
of  drainage  and  of  supporting.  It  is  even  be- 
lieved that  the  works  attained,  in  certain  points, 
a  depth  of  250  meters,  and  a  length  of  500 
meters. 

On  leaving  the  old  mine,  they  directed  them- 
selves towards  the  actual  mine  of  Pozo  (they 
call  by  this  name  the  western  part  of  the  veins 
of  Almaden  and  particularly  the  veins  of  San 
Pedrojy  San  Diego.) 

In  September,  1697,  they  discovered  speci- 
mens of  cinnabar  in  a  house  near  Castillo  del 
Eetamar,  at  the  upper  part  of  the  town  of 
Almaden  ;  in  the  same  year  a  shaft  called  the 
San  Antonio,  was  opened  here,  and  massive  ore 
was  found  there,  toward  the  end  of  1698.  This 
part  has  received  the  name  of  mine  del  Castillo. 
They  commenced  in  1703,  the  crosscuts  of  the 
first  level,  called  socavon  del  Castillo  j  at  207 
meters  from  its  beginning,  they  came  across  the 
shaft  San  Antonio,  in  1706. 

At  this  period  they  employed  slaves  for 
draining  the  mine  by  hand ;  the  supporting 
was  all  accomplished  by  timbering.  In  1755  a 
fire  took  place  in  the  mine,  the  wood  burned 
during  30  months ;  this  caused  great  trouble, 
and  gave  rise  to  numerous  accidents  ;  finally 
the  mine  was  flooded,  and  its  future  seriously 
compromised.  Some  engineers  were  then  called 
from  Germany,  who  succeeded  in  getting  things 
nearly  into  condition  again  towards  1760.  In 
1791,  the  steam  engine  of  Watt,  of  which  we 
have  previously  spoken,  was  established  for 
drainage,  and  this  in  1873,  was  still  the  only 
steam  engine  at  Almaden. 

Towards  1800,  the  engineer  of  the  mines,  Don 
Diego  Larranaga,  proposed  and  adopted  the 
present  method  of  exploitation.  The  works  at 
that  epoch,  in  1803,  attained  a  depth  of  200 
meters.  It  is  evident  then,  that  in  73  years  they 
have  descended  only  about  90  meters,  and 
certainly  they  have  furnished  a  considerable 
quantity  of  mercury,  as  is  seen  in  the  following 
table,  with  which  we  finish  this  work  : 
The  Amounts  of  Mercury  Furnished  by  the 

Mines  of  Almaden  from  1564  to  1875. 
Years.  Weight  in  tons. 

1564-1625 8,633.282 

1625-1645 3,680.000 

1646-1651 757.364 

1652-1653 199.099 

1653-1655 405.402 

1655-1656 54.513 

1656-1665 724.988 

1665-1668 339.071 

1668-1672 465.124 

1672-1673 188.410 

1673-1677 458.254 

1677-1680 265.693 

1680-1682 200.807 

1682-1685 128.132 

1685-1689 392.554 

1689-1696 587. 64G 

1696-1700. . . .- . .      363.381 

Total  from  1564  to  1700 17,863,720 

Or  on  an  average  per  year 130.391 

Years.  Weight  in  tonsS 

1700-1709 1,905.848 

1709-1726 3,689. 124 

1726-1729 ; . .  nothing. 

1729-1734 1,707.617 

1736-1742. . . . , 1,562.289 

1742-1743 417.623 

1743-1749 2,629.532 

1750-1767 2,305.018 

1757-1773 7,299. 182 

1774-17S1 6,365.036 

1781-17S6 2,960.000 

1787-1789 1,641.327 

1789-1798 7,727.085 

179S-1799 999. 48S 

1799-1800 844.331 

Total  from  1700  to  1500 42,149.501 

Or  on  an  average  per 421.495 

Years.  Weight  in  tons. 

1800-1805 3,129  053 

1805-1810 2,548  825 

1810-1815 1,753  275 

1815-1820 3.497.70S 

1820-1825 3,527.247 

1825-1830 4,448.900 

1830-1835 5,774.697 

1835-1840 4,873.580 

1S40-1S45 4,596.480 

1845-1850 4,433.981 

1850-1355 3,503.031 

1855-1860 » . . .  3.798.371 

1860-1865 4,179.269 

1865-1870 5,387.322 

1870-1875 ■ 5,714.640 


Total  from  1800  to  1875 60,166.379 

Or  on  an  average  per  year 802.218 

The  production  during  the  three  centuries 
has  been,  in  resume: 

From.  Ton  a. 

1564-1700 17,867.320 

1700-1800 42  149.501 

1300-1875 60  166.379 


Total , 120,179.600 

When  we  attempt  to  determine  the  value  of 
this  enormous  quantity  of  mercury  we  find  it 
rather  difficult  to  estimate.  The  price  of  mer- 
cury reached  12  to  15  francs  per  kilogram  before 
the  discovery  of  the  mines  of  California— New 
Almaden  and  others.  At  12  francs  per  kilo- 
gram, the  value  oreated  would  be  1,440  mil- 
lions of  francs.  At  the  actual  average  rate, 
about  6  francs,  it  still  represents  the  sum  of 
720  millions  of  francs.  These  figures  are  elo- 
quent enough  to  need  no  other  commentary. 
Concluded. 


The  Cone-bearers,  or  Evergreen  Trees  of 
California.— No.  1. 

[Written  for  the  Rural  Press  by  J.  G.  Lemmon.] 

General  Description. 
Few  orders  of  plants  can  be  named  which  are 
of  more  importance  to  man,  whether  in  reference 
to  furnishing  food  or  building  materials,  than 
this  of  the  conifers,  included  in  and  forming  the 
most  of  the  great  class  of  Gymnospermai,  or 
naked-seeded  plants.  In  general  character  they 
are  resinous- juiced  trees,  mostly  evergreen, 
cone-bearing  (though  often  greatly  modified) 
with  needle-shaped  or  scale-like  leaves,  very 
easily  distinguished  at  sight,  and  inhabiting  the 
cold  or  temperate  regions  of  the  earth.  Except 
our  yew,  which  may  be  poisonous  to  horses  and 
cattle,  as  is  its  English  congener,  not  a  species 
of  them  all  is  either  noxious  or  useless.  The 
most  of  them  are  very  valuable,  and  among 
them  are  the  most  beautiful  trees  in  the  world. 
It  is  beyond  the  scope  of  these  papers  to  present 
even  briefly  the  various  uses  and  values  derived 
from  the  pine,  spruce,  fir,  cedar,  cypress,  and 
juniper  families  of  our  forests.  They  contribute 
three-fourths  of  the  material  for  our  houses, 
mines,  bridges,  roads,  wharves,  vessels,  etc., 
and  the  Aborigines,  especially  of  the  Southern 
hemisphere,  depend  largely  upon  their  fruits  for 
food. 

Habitat  or  Locality. 
Found  almost  exclusively  in  the  cold  regions 
of  the  earth,  the  cone-bearers  form  necessarily 
two  great  zones  across  the  extreme  land  surface 
— one  at  the  north  and  the  other  at  the  south. 
In  these  zones  the  conifers  outnumber  the  other 
trees  of  the  broad-leaved,  non-resinous  class  (as 
oak,  ash,  etc.),  ten  to  one.  Great  disparity  is 
found   between  the   trees  of  these  extreme  re- 

fions  ;  those  of  Australia,  New  Zealand  and 
outh  America  can  scarcely  be  recognized  as 
relatives  of  the  more  abundant  and  typical  trees 
of  Northern  America,  Europe  and  Asia.  Some 
entire  genera  #and  one  large  sub-order,  very 
numerous  in  the  northern,  are  entirely  absent 
from  the  southern  zone,  though  in  the  southern 
regions  there  are  found  a  great  many  genera  and 
but  few  species. 

Again,  the  two  continents  have  widely  differ- 
ent forms,  amounting  often  to  generic  distinc- 
tions, and  very  frequently  to  difference  of 
species.  All  the  drear  northern  regions  of  Asia 
and  the  more  humid  northern  portions  of  Europe 
are  forested  with  this  class  of  plants.  Immense 
forests  of  pine  and  spruce  abound  in  northern 
Russia  and  in  the  Scandinavian  peninsula. 
These  noble  forests  extend  down  as  far  as  Ger- 
many and  Switzerland,  but  below  this  locality 
the  evergreens  are  outnumbered  by  the  broad, 
deciduous-leaved  trees,  oak,  ash,  beech,  etc. 

In  the  northern  part  of  North  America  exist 
the  most  extensive  and  noblest  pine  forests  of 
the  globe;  being  often,  as  in  the  eastern  United 
States,  300  to  500  miles  in  extent.  The  Amer- 
ican conifers,  though  possessing  many  species 
peculiar  to  the  region,  are  destitute  of  25  entire 
genera  of  Asiatic  and  Australian  species. 

Here  on  this  continent  are  found,  also,  wide 
distinctions  in  respect  of  character  between  the 
two  coasts,  Atlantic  and  Pacific;  species  of 
each  coast  being  generally  confined  to  each. 
There  is  one  notable  genus  of  two  monster 
species  that  inhabits  exclusively  this  Pacific  re- 
gion— the  coast  redwood  and  our  famous  Sierra 
"big  tree." 

The  last  climatic,  or  rather  regional  effects  to 
be  noticed  are  found  by  comparison  of  our  two 
mountain  ranges — the  Coast  and  the  Sierra.  In 
the  lower,  fog-fostered  Coast  Range  is  found  the 
redwood;  while  in  certain  groves  of  the  inland, 
lofty  Sierra  Nevada,  tower  up  the  grand,  col- 
umnar kings  of  the  vegetable  worlds. 

Wide  differences  in  species  (termed  varieties) 
are  detected  by  comparison  between  trees  of 
the  two  ends  of  these  ranges.  The  Douglas 
spruce,  of  the  Oregon  coast,  with  its  large 
trunk  and  small  cones,  two  inches  long,  becomes 
in  San  Bernardino,  a  poor  deformed  tree,  with 
enormous  cones  one  foot  long.  The  red  fir  of 
the  Oregon  Cascade  Range,  with  its  medium 
cones  having  exserted  bracts,  becomes  (accord- 
ing to  Prof.  Brewer  and  John  Muir,  but  not 
Englemann)  in  the  high  Sierra  the  large  coned 
fir  with  concealed  bracts. 

Class  Characters. 

This  great  class  of  cone-bearers,  called  scien- 
tifically Gymnospermai,  or  naked-seeded  plants, 
i.  e.}  plants  with  seeds  not  enclosed  in  a  peri- 
carp, but  lying  naked  at  the  base  of  the  scales 
of  a  strobile  "or  cone,  is  the  last  grand  division 
of  the  phcenogamous  plants,  and  comes  next  to 
the  endogens  or  inside-growers,  with  which  it 
shares  the  character  of  (chiefly)  parallel-veined 
leaves. 

The  other  class  characters  are  resinous  juice, 
mostly  more  than  two  cotyledons  or  parts  to  the 
seed,  pitted  cells  in  the  wood  fiber  (detected 
only  with  a  strong  magnifier)  and  the  absence  of 
ducts.  The  latter  fact  accounts  for  the  resis- 
tance to  decay  generally  presented  by  conifer 
trees  ;  but  fir  trees  form  a  remarkable  excep- 
tion, rotting  as  soon  almost  as  poplar.  The 
flowers  are  always  imperfect  and  diclinous  of 
both  descriptions,  i.  e. ,  monozcious,  with  the 
male  and  female  flowers  on  different  branches 
of  the  same  tree ;  or  'dioecious,  L  e, ,  with  male 
flowers  on  one  tree  and  female  on  another.  The 
fruit  is  a  strobile  or  cone  (e.  g.,  the  pines,  spruce, 
etc. ),  sometimes  reduced  to  a  cup  (e.  #.,  the  yew), 
and  even  to  a  closed,  berry-like  object,  called  a 
galbulus,  {e.  g.,  juniper).  The  leaves  are  mostly 
long  and  slender,    as  in  the  pines,   sometimes 


reduced  to  pointed  scales,    as  in  the  cypress 
family. 

Obscurity  of  the  Gynmospermee. 

Except  the  greatly  modified  family  of  orchids, 
no  class  of  plants  is  more  studied  and  is  less 
understood  than  the  Gymnosperms.  Their 
mixed  characters,  resembling  the  great  classes 
on  each  side  of  them,  and  the  extreme  modifica- 
tion of  organs,  but  more  than  all  the  few  or 
poor  specimens  collected  of  such  an  unwiedly 
class  of  plants,  have  rendered  research  formid- 
able to  most  scholars  and  mostly  fruitless,  except 
by  a  few  specially  qualified  scientists,  of  whom 
mention  may  be  made  of  Tournefort,  Link, 
DeCaisne,  JLindley,  Endlicher,  Hooker,  both 
father  and  son,  Torrey,    Gray   and  Engelmann. 

Even  unscientific  observers  often  speak  of  the 
resemblance  between  the  flat,  expanded  limbs 
of  fir  trees  and  the  usual  forms  of  the  stems  or 
.fronds  of  ferns.  This  resemblance  also  led  the 
master  of  botanical  science,  Linnfeus,  to  errone- 
ously classify  them  together.  Their  resemblance 
to  the  palms  is  also  very  marked.  Both  form 
generally  a  single  stem.  All  the  leaves  of  the 
palm  die  and  fall  away  as  the  stem  arises  ;  so 
the  side  limbs  of  the  conifers  generally  become 
dwarfed  or  fall  off  as  the  tall,  straight  shaft 
towers  heavenward.  The  leaves,  mostly  in 
fascicles  or  bundles  (e.  #.,  pine,  tamarack),  are 
regarded  as  abortive  shoots.  They  are  usually 
persistent  (deciduous  in  tamarack),  remaining 
on  the  tree  from  4  to  12  years.  . 
(To  be  Continued.) 


TtfE    EMqtNlEEE^. 


Is  the  East  River  Bridge  a  Failure  ? 

Notwithstanding    an  expenditure   of  nearly 
$13,500,000,   says  Every  Saturday,    the    great 
East  River  bridge  between  Brooklyn  and  New 
York    will    undoubtedly  be  abandoned.     Mr. 
William  H.  Webb,  an  engineer,  states  that  the 
bridge    is    wholly    incapacitated    to    facilitate 
either  passengers  or  business  traffic;  that    it  is 
insecure    and   cannot    withstand    the     violent 
storms  it   will   be   subject   to;  that   it  will  not 
bear  the   enormous  weights   that  may  be   ex- 
pected; and  that  the  cost  and   delay  in  taking 
down   and   replacing  the   top  masts  of   vessels 
necessary  to  all  that  pass  under  the  bridge,  can- 
not be  tolerated.     It  ia  rather  late  in  the  day  to 
find  this  out,  but  Mr.  Webb  says  that  it  is  only 
an  experimental  bridge.     It  is   the  highest  and 
longest  in  the  world,  and  probably  the  only  one 
entirely  unsupported  by  any  form  of  stays.  The 
history  of  suspension   bridges  in  this  country 
and  in  Europe  shows    their  most  dangerous  ex- 
posure to  be  that  to  storms,    producing  oscilla- 
tions and  ruptures.    In  view  of  these  objections 
Mr.  Webb  insists  that  it  would  be  foolish,  if  not 
wicked,  to  spend  more  money  on  a  "bridge  that 
is  not  called  for,  cannot  be  made  to  answer  the 
purposes   for  which  it  was  professedly  built, 
very  seriously  damages  a  large  part  of  the  com- 
merce of  the  harbor,  taxes   the  financial  ability 
of  these  two  cities  to  their  utmost,  and  cannot 
fail  either  to  be  taken  down  by  the  mandate  of 
the  courts  or  demolished  by  the  winds." 
Opinion  of  Another  Engineer. 
S.  B.  Driggs,  the  well-known  engineer,  says: 
"  It  appears  to  me  an  unfortunate   coincidence 
that  the  persons  who  made  the  original  estimates 
were  the  contractors  for  constructing  the  bridge 
under  the  municipal  authorities,  politicians  and 
others  who  sanctioned  it.     The  engineering  skill 
which   built   the  bridge  over  Niagara  Falls,  as 
well  as  many  others,  with   such   entire  success, 
had   in   the   Niagara  case  only  to  provide  for  a 
span  of  750  feet,  which  I  believe  is  the  largest 
that   heretofore   has  ever  been  attempted.     In 
the  Brooklyn  bridge  the  span  is,  at  least,  1,600 
feet.     Now,  mark  ;  the  deflection  of  the  cables 
at  Niagara  Falls  is  more  than  double  that,  which, 
with  the  present  kight  of  towers,  it  is  possible 
to  give  to  the  Brooklyn  bridge  cables,  and  avoid 
interference  with  navigation   even   in  a  minor 
degree.     To  me  it  seems  that  the  public  mind, 
in  the  first  place,  was  greatly  influenced  by  the 
connection    of    eminent    engineers    with     the 
scheme,  men  of  whom  it  may  be  said   that   to 
attempt  "was   to   accomplish.     But  when  they 
permit  their  names  to  be  used  as  a  cover  for  a 
fraudulent   scheme,' it  is   the   duty  of  any  and 
every  intelligent  and  practical   man  to  call   at- 
tention to  the  extraordinary  departure  which 
has  been  made  from  well-known   mathematical 
rules,  as  in  the  attempt  to  span  the  East  river. 
"As  I  said  before,  the  distance  between   the 
two  supports  for  sustaining  the  bridge  is  a  little 
over  1,600  feet,  by  far  the  longest  span   ever 
yet  attempted,  and   therefore  the  deflection  of 
the   cables  should  be  proportionate  to  the  in- 
creased length  of  the  span.     Instead  of  this,  in 
order  to  prevent  lateral  or  swinging  motion — as 
there   can  be   no   side    stays — the    supporting 
cables  have  been  drawn  taut.     This. will  accom- 
plish to  a  degree  what  is  required,  but  at  what 
cost  ?    Simply  at  the  extent  of  their  vertical 
sustaining  capacity,  which  is  largely  wasted  in 
longitudinal  tension,  for  the  double  purpose  of 
allowing  such  an  inverted  arch  to  be  constructed 
at  a  sufficient   hight  above  water,  and  to  make 
the  supports  as  rigid  as  possible. 
The  Towers  will  not  Support  the  Weight. 
"This  leads  me  to  remark  that  the  periphery 
of  an  inverted  arch   must  have   the   sustaining 
power  of  all  that  it  is  to  support  in  its  inverted 
condition.     For  it  is  well  known  that  the   prin- 
ciple of  the  arch  must  have  its  ends  or  abut- 
ments secured  immovably,    in  order  that  the 


January  25,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


55 


necessary  sustaining  powers  be  obtained  ;  but, 
when  the  arc  of  the  arch  ia  so  rJat  that  the  sus- 
taining power  is  almost  wholly  thrown  upon 
the  abutments,  it  is  almost  impossible  for  the 
ends  to  bear  the  weight  brought  upon  them 
through  the  necessary  powerful  leverage.  N  v., 
the  question  is  purely  mathematical,  and  there- 
fore  capable  of  oemonBteation,  and  viewed  from 
a  scientific  point,  it  is  evident  that  the  decrease 
of  every  foot  of  deflection  increases  in  corre- 
sponding ratio  the  force  of  weight  that  the  sup- 
porting columns  have  to  sustain;  and  thna  the 
want  of  evqn  15  or  20  feet  oi  necessary  deflec- 
tion represents  many  hundred  tons  of  strain 
additional  upon  a  cable,  to  increase  the 
of  the  era. lie  winch  it  should  naturally  have. 
Bence  every  large  portion  of  cohesive  power  of 
tiie  metal  forming  Huch  cables  is  expended  on 
what  I  cannot  help  calling  impracticable  tension. 
Thus  I  consider  that  it  is  quite  hypothetical 
whether  ■  bridge  built  on  the  principle  of  the 
Brooklyn  affair  would  be  Bate,  and  this  being  so, 
1  think  it  would  be  unwise  to  attempt  its  pas- 
sage. The  only  way  to  make  the  best  of  a  bad 
bargain  is  to  have  a  center  pier  erected.  TIub 
would  be  far  less  in  the  way  than  the  present 
cables,  and  it  should  be  built  higher  than  the 
side  supports.  On  this  the  cables  could  rest, 
and  at  the  same  time  they  would  be  stayed, 
while  the  weight  would  be  so  divided  that  no 
disproportionate  strain  would  be  brought  upon 
either  of  them.  Trains  and  carriages,  as  well 
as  foot  passengers,  might  then  make  use  of  it, 
and  it  might— I  won't  aay  would— prove  profit- 
able." 


(JsEfdL     [f<FOr\[4\J[ON. 


Determination  of  the  Resistance  Offered 
to  Ships. 

In  an  article  contributed  to  the  Revieta  Marit- 

luiv,  Siguor  A.  Lettieri  has  described  an  appar- 
atus for  the  determination  of  the  resistance  of- 
fered to  ships  by  experiments  on  their  models. 
In  experiments  of  this  nature,  the  elements  to 
be  determined  are  two— the  uniform  velocity 
and  the  resistance  encountered  at  that  velocity. 
The  first  of  these  is  obtained  by  the  measure  of 
the  space  passed  through  in  a  unit  of  time.  It 
is,  therefore,  desirable  to  have  an  apparatus 
which  shall  graphically  denote  this  velocity  by  a 
curve,  and  refer  it  to  a  measure  of  the  resistance. 
To  effect  this,  Signor  Lettieri  has  designed  a 
vertical  cylinder  (the  drawing  shows  the  length 
to  be  14  times  the  diameter,  but  neither  scale 
nor  dimensions  ar«  given),  which  revolves  011  a 
fixed  axis.  The  upper  part  of  this  axis  sustains 
a  pulley,  and  a  second  pulley  is  fixed  beneath 
the  cylinder,  with  a  small  drum  on  its  axis.  A 
line  attached  to  the  drum  passes  over  the  upper 
pulley  and  sustains  a  scale  pan,  to  which  is 
fixed  a  pencil,  the  point  of  which  presses  against 
the  cylinder.  The  model  is  attached  by  a  line 
to  the  lower  pulley,  so  that  the  descent  of  the 
weight  corresponds  to  the  movement  of  the 
model  through  the  water,  while  the  weight 
itself  is  a  measure  of  the  resistance.  Movement 
iB  given  to  the  vertical  cylinder  by  means  of  a 
pair  of  conically-toothed  wheels,  one  of  which 
is  attached  to  the  cylinder  itself.  The  motion 
of  the  latter  being  made  thus  uniform,  and  its 
velocity  known,  the  curve  traced  on  it  by  the 
pencil  will  indicate  the  relation  between  the 
movement  of  the  model  and  that  of  the  cylinder, 
and  will  form  a  regular  spiral  when  both  move- 
ments are  uniform.  The  remainder  of  the 
paper  is  occupied  by  an  algebraical  investigation 
of  the  curves  thus  to  be  obtained,  and  by  the 
relation  between  the  weight  placed  in  the  scale 
pan  and  the  resistance  encountered  by  the  model 
in  its  passage  through  the  water. 


Korku ;n  HoRSl  HHOB8. — Mr.  Alfred  Longs- 
don,  of  Queen  Victoria  street,  writes  to  the 
The  exhibition  in  the  streets  of  London 
of  horses  slipping  and  falling  in  all  directions  is 
pitiable  indeed,  and  many  ut  tluin  must  be  se- 
riously strained  and  otherwise  injured.  This 
can  be  so  easily  prevented  that  it  is  a  mystery 
why  it  should  not  be  dune,  especially  hi  Eng- 
land^ where  all  in  reference  to  the  horse  is  sup- 
posed  t<>  be  so  well  understood.  I  have  just  re- 
turned from  Germany,  and  during  the  last  fort- 
night the  roads  there  have  been  far  worse  thau 
here,  yet  I  have  driven  overthem  with  as  much 
safety  and  OOmfortaS  Over  a  newly-graveled  road. 
The  means  used  are  very  simple,  and  far  pre- 
ferable to  the  English  system  of  roughing, 
which  always  renders  it  dangerous  to  the  horses 
in  stable.  In  liermauy  the  smith,  when  finish- 
ing the  shoe,  punches  a  hole  iu  the  two  ends, 
and  when  the  shoe  is  cold  he  taps  in  a  screw 
thread  and  screws  into  the  shoe,  when  on  the 
horse's  foot,  a  sharp  pointed  stud  of  an  inch  in 
length;  and  with  shoes  thus  fitted  the  horse 
can  travel  securely  over  the  worst  possible  road, 
and  1  have  never  known  one  slip  either  when 
riding  or  driving;  and  draft  horses  are  shod 
in  the  same  way.  When  the  horse  comes  to 
stable  the  groom  unscrews  the  pointed  stud  and 
screws  in  a  button,  so  that  no  damage  can  hap- 
pen to  the  horse  and  the  screw  holes  are  pre- 
vented from  tilling.  When  the  horse  is  going 
out  the  groom  simply  takes  out  the  button  and 
screws  iu  the  pointed  stud,  and  there  is  no  fear 
of  the  horse  coming  back  with  broken  knees  or 
strained  sinews,  and  the  public  are  spared  the 
painful  sight  of  horses  down  or  slipping  in  all 
directions. 


SSDIO  .in  BULKQY  Flocr. — A  French 
chemist  some  few  years  ago  conceived  the  idea 
that  it  would  be  practicable  to  compress  Hour 
diminish  the  bulk  and  yet  not  injure 
its  quality.  An  experiment  was  accordingly 
made.  Flour  subjected  to  a  hydraulic  pressure 
of  860  tons  was  reduced  in  volume  more  than 
24  .  On  close  examination  it  was  found  to 
possess  all  the  qualities  it  had,  previously  to  its 
violent  treatment.  It  was  then  put  into  zinc 
boxes  and  sealed  up.  At  the  same  time  other 
floor  manufactured  from  the  same  wheat,  but 
not  Com  pressed ,  was  sealed  up.  About  three 
months  after  several,  boxes  containing  both 
kinds  of  Hour  were  opened  and  examined. 
The  pressed  was  pronounced  to  be  the  best. 
Twelve  months  after  this,  another  examination 
took  place,  and  with  the  same  result.  The 
two  kinds  were  kneaded  into  loaves  and  baked. 
The  pressed  Hour  made  the  best  bread.  In 
another  year  the  boxes  were  opened  and  ex- 
amined, and  while  the  loose  Hour  showed 
moldincss,  the  pressed  was  sweet,  and  retained 
all  its  qualities.  Made  into  bread  the  same 
difference  was  observable. 


An  Improved  Hoisting  Plant. — Fr.,  Koepe, 
■of  the  Hanover  coal  mine,  at  Bochura,  Germany, 
is  the  inventor  of  an  improved  hoisting  plant  for 
mines,  founded  upon  the  happy  thought  of 
replacing  the  two  hoisting  drums  with  its  two 
separate  ropes  by  a  single  sheave  with  one  wire. 
The  circumference  of  this  sheave,  which  is 
much  cheaper  than  the  ordinary  hoisting  drums, 
is  provided  with  a  wedge-shaped  groove  lined 
with  wood  or  leather.  The  weight  of  the  two 
hoisting  cages  above  will  suffice  to  prevent  slip- 
ping. Themachihe  may  either  be  placed  directly 
above  the  shaft  or  it  may  be  put  up  beside  it.  By 
the  arrangement  cited,  one-half  of  the  length  of 
rope  is  saved  and  any  overwinding  becomes 
m  impossible,  .because  when  one  cage  .is  at  the 
pit  s  mouth,  the  second  rests  upon  the  bottom  of 
the  shaft,  and  any  further  winding  would  tend 
to  make  the  rope  in  the  shaft  slack,  which  the 
■counter- weight  of  the  cage  rapidly  puts  an  end 
to.  If  a  rope  is  attached  to  the  bottoms  of  the 
two  cages  and  run  over  a  pulley  at  the  bottom 
of  the  shaft,  complete  counterbalancing  of  the 
weight  of  the  rope  is  effected. 

The  Maryland  Ship  Canal. — The  Balti- 
more Sun  has  the  following  in  regard  to  the 
ship  canal  across  Maryland  and  Delaware : 
The  lower  routes  seem  more  practicable,  and 
probably  the  route  commencing  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Choptank  is  the  most  practicable  of  all. 
The  temperature  being  higher,  there  is  prob- 
ably no  danger  from  ice,  aud  the  Nanticoke 
river  and  Broadkill  creek  can  be  utilized  so  as 
to  materially  lessen  the  excavating.  It  is  some 
distance  down  the  bay,  but  comes  out  at  Lewes, 
the  most  desirable  point  for  the  Delaware  ter- 
minus, and  its  situation  down  the  Chesapeake 
gives  increased  advantages  to  Norfolk,  the 
Washington  and  other  Potomac  trade  and 
steamers,  the  Patuxent,  Rappahannock,  etc., 
and  offers  to  all  those  parts  more  direct  com- 
munication with  Philadelphia,  New  York,  and 
the  general  outside  world, 


The  Advantage  of  Machine  Tools. —For  ma- 
chine tools  there  should  be  a  growing  demand, 
in  exact  proportion  as  the  competition  of  foreign 
manufactures  is  disagreeably  experienced.  These 
tools  have  enabled  our  workers  in  metals  to  ac- 
complish the  great  things  which,  in  steam  ma- 
chinery, have  distinguished  the  present  genera- 
tion; they  have,  indeed,  enabled  the  manufac- 
turers in  whatever  line  of  business,  to  largely 
dispense  with  the  tiny  tool  wielded  by  the  com- 
paratively unskilled  workman.  We  direct  at- 
tention to  the  sphere  which  is  widening  out  be- 
fore those  machine  linns  who  are  adepts  in  de- 
vising apparatus  to  cheapen  the  manufacture  of 
domestic  metal  wares.  The  hardware  makers 
will  be  growing  customers  to  the  mechanical 
engineer.  The  former  will  be  utterly  unable, 
by  hand-made  products,  to  continue  to  compete 
with  foreigners  who  use  machinery.  The  ma- 
chine-made goods  will  still  continue  to  run 
down  prices,  and  it  may  be  attempted  to  meet 
the  competition  by  a  reduction  in  the  remu- 
neration paid  for  manual  labor.  But  already 
there  are  indications  that  pretty  much  the  limit 
of  endurance  by  handcraftsmen  has  been 
reached.  Our  work  people  have  not  abandoned 
all  opposition  to  machinery,  but  it  is  every 
year  less  displayed.  If  the  manufacturer  of 
locks  and  tiles,  and  nails,  are  now  customers  to 
steel-tool  making  firms,  the  manufacturers  of 
cutlery  and  kindred  goods  must  begin  to  seek 
the  help  of  mechanical  engineers,  if  they  are 
not  to  be  jostled  out  of  the  many  markets  in 
which  they  have  done  profitable  business. — The 
Engineer.      ^^_ 

Improved  Method  of  Managing  Steam-Boi- 
ler Fires. — When  the  furnace-door  of  a  steam- 
boiler  is  opened,  there  should  be  a  simultaneous 
partial  closing  of  the  damper  to  prevent  sudden 
chilling  of  the  boiler  and  flues.  To  accomplish 
this,  with  certainty,  for  every  opening  of  the 
doors,  Mr.  William  Weightman,  of  Powers  & 
Weightman,  has  had  arranged  and  applied  a 
system  of  levers  and  rods,  connecting  the  fur- 
nace-doors with  the  damper,  so  contrived  that 
whether  there  be  one  or  more  doors  to  one  fur- 
nace, or  to  which  one  damper  is  supplied,  the 
act  of  opening  any  one  door  will  invariably 
close  the  damper.  "  Whether  this  application  of 
simple  and  ingenious  devices  is  new  or  not, 
every  engineer  will  regard  it  as  one  of  the  good 
things  for  aiding  the  better  management  of 
steam-boilers. 

Milk  in  Thunderstorms. — In  Erzgebirge.'in 
Saxony,  where  the  cold  water  system  is  carried 
out  in  large  dairies,  an  apparently  effectual 
plan  has  been  hit  upon  for  preventing  the  milk 
"  turning  "  suddenly  in  tempestuous  weather. 
A  thin  iron  wire  chain  is  passed  through  the 
milk-pans,  the  ends  of  which  are  kept  con- 
stantly in  the  cold  water.  Dr.  Fleischman,  of 
Baden,  testifies  to  the  practicability  of  this 
method,  for,  he  observes,  authorities  on  the 
subject  maintain  that  milk  is  less  sensitive  to 
the  electricity  of  the  air  than  to  the  tempera- 
ture that  surrounds  it  more  immediately.  The 
fact  that  milk  kept  in  enamelled  or  tinned  ves- 
sels is  less  liable  to  turn  sonr  in  hot  weather 
speaks  well  for  this  new  theory. 


Indelible  Ink  for  Zinc  Labels. — A  corre- 
spondent of  the  London  Garden  says:  "Many 
years  ago  a  friend  gave  me  a  simple  recipe  for 
ink  for  writing  on  zinc,  which  I  have  constantly 
used  since.  It  is  12  to  16  grains  bichloride  of 
platinum  dissolved  in  one  ounce  distilled  water. 
If  kept  corked  a  small  bottle  will  last  many 
years.  The  zinc  labels  must  of  course  be  clean- 
ed before  using.  This  is  readily  done  by  rub- 
bing, either  with  hue  emery  paper  or  with  very 
dilute  oil  of  vitriol.  Then  simply  write  the 
name  and  allow  the  ink  to  dry.  I  have  used 
labels  of  this  description  for  years,  and  have 
never  lost  a  name  since  adopting  them.  They 
have  been  found  equally  suitable  for  the  house 
or  the  open  air. " 


QOOD     t^E^LjU. 


Is  Fat  Injurious? 


An  Artificial  Tallow. — A  patent  for  arti- 
ficial tallow  was  issued  in  October  last  to  Senor 
Miguel  de  la  Vega,  of  New  York.  The  in- 
ventor states  in  his  patent,  that  100  lbs.  of  the 
tallow  is  produced  by  mixing  together  60  lbs. 
of  castor  oil,  10  lbs.  of  animal  tallow,  10  lbs. 
of  vegetable  oil,  and  20  lbs.  of  wheat  flour. 
These  ingredients  are  boiled  together  for  about 
30  minutes  by  steam  heat.  When  the  ..mixture 
cools  it  hardens,  and  resembles  tallow.  Cotton 
seed  oil,  orany  other  similar  vegetable  oil  will 
answer  the  purpose  equally  as  well  as  castor 
oil. 


Fats  are  very  important  elements  of  our  f  ood ; 
still,  goose  oil,  lard,  tallow,  train  oil,  fish  oil, 
and  such  varieties  of  diet,  are  wisely  eschewed 
by  all  except  lumbermen,  aud  those  whose 
physical  labor  is  very  great,  and  who  are  almost 
constantly  exposed  to  cold.  While,  therefore, 
the  student  and  civilized  worker  wisely  eschews 
the  coarser  forms  of  fat,  he  should  not  ignore 
it  in  some  more  refined-and  delicate  form.  He 
should  instead  use  such  as  are  most  suitable  to 
his  taste  and  needs.  The  brain  is  a  great  con- 
sumer of  fat,  combined  with  phosphorus.  No 
phosphorus — no  thought,  is  a  modern  phrase, 
expressing  the  importance  of  phosphorus  in 
mental  action.  As  yet  we  are  in  the  infancy  of 
knowledge  on  this  subject,  but  it  may  be  pre- 
dicted that'when  we  know  the  whole  truth,  the 
phrase  will  be  something  like  this:  "No  phos- 
phorized  fat,  no  thought."  There  is  always 
some  fat  in  most  of  our  foods.  The  special 
forms  best  to  make  up  any  deficiency  that  may 
be  in  them  are  no  doubt  to  be  found  in  good 
butter  and  cream.  There  are,  of  course,  in- 
stances in  which  they  will  not  be  tolerated,  but 
these  are  exceptions.  Fat  is  not  digested  in  the 
stomach,  but  by  the  pancreatic  juice  in  the 
intestines,  nature  having  provided  a  .special 
juice  to  form  it  into  an  emulsion  so  it  may  be 
absorbed.  In  this  state  every  atom  of  fat  is  so 
small  that  it  requires  a  microscope  to  detect  it, 
and  in  this  state  it  may  easily  be  passed  through 
the  walls  of  the  intestines  and  carried  into  the 
circulation.  We  need  no  better  evidence  of  the 
need  of  fat  than  this  careful  provision  for  its 
digestion  in  the  system.  The  symptoms  which 
attend  a  non-use  of  fats  in  some  form  are  cold- 
ness of  the  extremities,  a  tendency  to  indiges- 
tion, lack  of  nervous  energy  and  power  to  think. 
Emaciation,  diminished  muscular  power,  and  a 
tendency  to  consumption. 

It  may  be  true  that  many  persons  suffer  from 
an  inability  to  digest  fats,  and  that  sometimes 
they  obstruct  the  liver  and  make  much  trouble. 
In  all  snch  cases  it  would  be  advisable  to  use 
them  wisely  and  judiciously,  but  rarely  to  avoid 
them  altogether,  except,  perhaps,  in  corpulence, 
where  they  are  best  used  in  great  moderation. 
Lean  people  should  use  fats  rather  more  freely 
than  fat  ones.  The  amount  of  fat  necessary  for 
a  healthy  working  person  is  about  three  ounces 
daily.  Persons  with  extraordinary  working 
power  require  more  than  this.  The  starch  in 
our  food  is  to  a  certain  extent  a  substitute  for 
fat,  and  may  be  converted  into  it. — "Eating for 
Strength. " 

The  Lesson  of  a  Sneeze. — is  a  rule,  a 
sneeze  is  the  warning  nature  gives  that  some 
part  of  the  body  is  exposed  to  a  cooler  tempera- 
ture than  the  other  parts,  that  the  sneezer  is 
"catching  cold."  Next  to  the  warning,  what  is 
the  use  of  a  sneeze  ?  It  throws  open  the  pores 
of  the  whole  body,  and  induces  a  gentle  perspir- 
ation; in  a  word,  it  throws  out  the  cold.  A 
child  rarely  sneezes  more  than  twice.  Perspir- 
ation is  readily  induced. in  a  youth;  an  old  man, 
on  the  contrary,  sneezes  half-a.  dozen  to  a  dozen 
times  with  a  loud  "catchogue."  It  is  harder  to 
set  him  perspiring.  When  one  is  sitting  by  an 
onen  window,  and  finds  himself  sneezing,  na- 
ture tells  him  he  is  taking  cold.  He  should 
get  up  instantly,  walk  about,  aud  take  a  full 
tumbler  of  cold  water  to  keep  up  gentle  perspir- 
ation that  the  sneeze  set  in  motion.  If  he  does 
this,  he  will  not  be  telling,  an  hour  after,  that 
he  has  a  "cold  in  his  head,"  or  chest,  or  lungs. 
■ — Eastern  Gazette, 


Keep  Your  Nails  Clean. 

People  differ  much  iu  their  nail  habits.  As 
au  observer  well  remarks  iu  the  Phrenological 
Journal:  Some  keep  them  long  and  pointed, 
like  reminiscences  of  claws;  others  bite  theirs 
lose  to  the  quick.  Some  pare  and  trim,  and 
scrape  and  polish  up  to  the  highest  point  of 
artificial  beauty;  and  others,  carrying  the  doc- 
triue  of  nature  to  the  outside  limit,  let  them 
grow  wild;  with  jagged  edges,  broken  tracts, 
and  hangnails  as  the  agonizing  consequences. 

Sometimes  you  see  the  most  beautiful  nails — 
pink,  transparent,  filbert-shaped,  with  the  del- 
icate, filmy  little  half-moon  indicated  at  the 
base — all  the  conditions  of  beauty  carried  to 
perfectiou,  but  all  rendered  of  no  avail  by  dirt 
aud  slovenliness;  while  others  are  yet  pleasant 
to  look  at  for  the  care  bestowed  on  them,  their 
dainty  perfection  of  cleanliness  being  a  charm 
in  itself. 

Nothing  indeed  is  more  disgusting  than  dirty 
hands  and  neglected  nads,  as  nothiug  gives  one 
such  a  sense  of  freshness  and  care  as  the  same 
members  well  kept.  But  one  of  the  ugliest 
things  in  nails  is  when  they  are  bitten,  which, 
to  judge  by  what  one  sees,  is  a  habit  having 
irresistible  fascinations  for  those  given  over  to 
it.  It  is  an  action,  by  the  way,  that  has  more 
than  one  significance.  It  may  mean  considera- 
tion, doubt,  hesitancy,  or  it  may  mean  anger  or 
annoyance. 

Iu  Paris  there  are  "manicures,"  who  treat 
the  hands  of  customers  just  as  the  chiropodist 
does  the  feet  of  people.  It  would  be  a  profitable 
enterprise  for  some  to  start  in  America.  Many 
persons  are  apparently  too  indolent  or  careless 
to  keep  their  hands  in  a  neat  and  proper  condi- 
tion.   

Winter  Clothing  lor  Children. 

The  matter  of  winter  clothing  for  children 
has  not  heretofore  been  a  subject  of  much 
thought  here  on  the  Pacific  coast;  but  in  the 
midst  of  this  exceptionally  cold  season  the 
following  hint  may  not  be  inappropriate:  It  is 
generally  thought  that  a  very  proper  article  of 
winter  clothing  for  children  is  a  comforter 
swathed  around  the  neck.  ThiB  is  a  great  error. 
The  feet  and  wrists  are  the  proper  members  to 
keep  warm;  the  face  and  throat  will  harden 
into  a  healthy  indifference  to  cold;  but  that 
muffler,  exchanged  for  an  extra  pair  of  thick 
socks  and  knitted  gloves,  would  preserve  a  boy 
or  girl  really  warm  and  well.  Bronchitis  and 
sore  throat  have  declined  nearly  50%  since  the 
absurd  use  of  high  collars  aud  twice  round 
handkerchiefs  went  out  of  fashion,  and  if  the 
poor  would  take  better  care  of  their  children's 
feet,  part  of  infantile  mortality  would  disappear. 
It  only  costs  a  trifle  to  put  a  piece  of  thick  felt 
or  cork  into  the  bottom  of  a  boot  or  shoe,  but 
the  difference  is  often  considerable  between 
that  and  the  doctor's  bill,  with  perhaps  the 
undertaker  besides. 


Diphtheria  of  late  has  been  prevailing  to  an 
alarming  extent  in  every  county,  east  and  west. 
At  the  last  annual  meeting  of  the  American 
Medical  Association,  it  was  urged:  1.  That,  in 
case  of  diphtheria  occurring  in  a  pupil  attending 
school,  the  patient  should  be  wholly  separated 
from  other  children  until  two  or  three  weeks  af- 
ter his  recovery;  that  those  who  had  been  spe- 
cially exposed  should  be  allowed  to  attend  only 
after  careful  medical  examination;  that,  where 
several  were  afflicted,  the  school  should  be 
closed  and  as  many  of  the  children  as  possible 
removed  from  the  place.  2.  That  all  clothing 
used  by  a  diphtheritic  patient  should  be  sub- 
jected to  intense  heat,  either  of  dry  air  or  hot 
water.  3.  That  the  room  should  be  thoroughly 
ventilated  during  the  patient's  illness  and  af- 
terwards disinfected.  4.  That  where  the  dis- 
ease is  prevailing  as  an  epidemic,  it  would  be 
desirable  in  summer  to  erect  a  large  hospital 
tent  in  an  airy  position,  whither  all  the  patients 
might  be  at  once  transferred,  and  in  winter  a 
house  might  be  converted  into  a  hospital  for 
the  same  purpose.  5.  That  we  should  treat 
diphtheria  as  we  do  scarlatina  and  small-pox. 

Re-uniting  of  Pieces  Separated  from  the 
Body.  —Dr.  Maas  describes  two  cases  in  which 
pieces  separated  from  the  body  were  replaced, 
and  had  united.  In  both  cases  the  nose  was 
the  portion  injured,  and  in  both  the  epidermis 
sloughed  off,  leaving  the  rete  Malpighii  ex- 
posed. The  pieces  were  sewed  on  with  fine 
sutures,  between  which  strips  of  adhesive 
plaster  were  applied,  and,  over  all,  oiled  silk 
or  cotton  batting,  to  prevent  evaporation  and 
maintain  warmth.  The  two  following  rules  are 
given:  (1)  The  piece  separated  must  be  kept 
warmed  to  the  temperature  of  the  human  body. 
(2)  It  must  be  replaced,  whether  with  sutures 
or  adhesive  plaster,  or  both,  directly  the  flow 
of  blood  ceases.  The  nutrition  of  the  piece  is 
supposed  to  -be  maintained  by  the  speedy  re- 
establishment  of  Circulation  through  its  vessels. 

How  to  Kill  a  Tapeworm  in  an  Hour.— 
Dr.  Karl  Bettelheim,  of  Vienna,  narrates,  m  the 
Deutsche*  Archiv,  a  heroic  method  and  nearly 
sure  cure  in  the  short  space  of  time  of  three- 
quarters  of  au  hour  to  two  hours.  It  is  this: 
He  inserts  a  tube  in  the  cesophagus,  to  the 
stomach,  and  pours  down  from  200  to  400 
grammes  of  a  very  concentrated  decoction  ot 
pomegranate  root,  having  previously  had  his  pa- 
tient fast  for  24  hours.  The  worm  is  stupefied, 
and  passed,  head  and  all,  to  a  certainty;  the 
patient  has  no  sickness  of  the  stomach,  and  no 
nauseous  swallowing  to  do;  and  the  drug  is 
cheap.—  Med,  and  Surg.  Reporter, 


56 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[January  25,  1879. 


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SAN   FRANCISCO: 
Saturday   Morning",   Jan.  25,  1879. 


TABLE  OP  CONTENTS. 

EDITORIALS.—  The  Little  Wonder  ;  Copper  Metal- 
lurgy ;  Pacific  Coast  Cone-Bearers ;  Academy  of 
Sciences,  49.  The  Week  ;  The  Heat  of  the  Comstock  ; 
New  Hoisting  Machinery  for  the  Comstock,  56-7-  A 
Foe  to  the  Lumberman,  57. 

ILLUSTRATIONS. —Phillips'  Self-Calculating  and 
Button  Weigher,  for  Prospectors,  49.  Cross-section  of 
Cedar,  Honey-Combed  by  Fungus,  57- 

CORRESPONDENCE.— About  the  Snake  River 
Gold  Mines;  Undercurrent  Wheels  for  Hoisting  and 
Washing  Gravel,  50. 

MECHANICAL  PROGRESS.— Dry  Plumbago  vs. 
Oil  in  Steam  Cylinders;  Gas  Engines;  Heavy  Rails  Pre- 
ferable; Making  Lumber  from  Straw;  Flint  Bricks,  51. 

SCIENTIFIC  PROGRESS.— Bioplasm;  Possible  Ef- 
fect of  the  Moon  in  Early  Geologic  Time;  Occlusion  of 
Hydrogen  by  the  Metals;  Uniform  Time  for  Germany; 
"Dentritic"  Spots  on  Books,  51. 

MINING  STOCK  MARKET.— Sales  at  the  San 
Francisco,  California  and  Pacific  Stock  Boards,  Notices 
of  Assessments,  Meetings  and  Dividends,  52. 

MINING  SUMMARY  from  the  various  counties  of 
California,  Nevada,  Arizona,  Oregon,  Utah,  Colorado 
and  Idaho,  53-60. 

THE  ENGINEER.— Is  the  East  River  Bridge  a  Fail- 
ure? Determination  of  the  Resistance  Offered  t«  Ships; 
An  Improved  Hoisting  Plant;  The  Maryland    Ship  Ca- 

USEFUL  INFORMATION.— Foreign  Horseshoes; 
The  Advantage  of  Machine  Tools;  Improved  Method  of 
Managing  Steam-Boiler  Fires;  Milk  in  Thunderstorms; 
An  Artificial  Tallow,  55. 

GOOD  HEALTH.— Is  Fat  Injurious?  The  Lesson  of  a 
Sneeze;  Keep  Your  Nails  Clean;  Winter  Clothing  for 
Children;  Re-uniting  of  Pieces  Separated  from  the  Body; 
How  to  Kill  a  Tapeworm  in  an  Hour,  55. 

MISCELLANEOUS. —Cosmic  Meteorology— No.  1. 
50.  Mines  and  Works  of  Almaden — No.  19;  The  Cone- 
bearers,  or  Evergreens  of  California — No.  1,  54. 

NEWS  IN  BRIEF  on  61  and  other  pages. 

Business   Announcements. 

Assessment  Notice  -Griffith  Con.  M.  &  M.  Co. 
Paul's  Pulverizing  Barrel,  Almarin  B.  Paul,  S.  F. 


The  Week. 


The  event  of  the  week  is  the  timely,  wide- 
spread and  soaking  rain,  which,  commencing 
on  Wednesday  evening,  has,  at  the  time  we 
write,  been  falling  moderately  but  steadily  for 
nearly  twenty-four  hours;  being  the  most  pene- 
trating, protracted,  and  in  every  way  beneficial 
rainfall  that  has  yet  occurred  at  this  point  the 
present  winter;  Should  it  continue  after  this 
fashion  for  another  twenty-four  hours,  it  will, 
through  the  improved  prospects  imparted  to  our 
leading  interests,  do  much  to  change  the  pre- 
vious feeling  of  despondency  and  gloom  to  one 
of  cheerfulness  and  hope.  While  we  require 
a  great  deal  more  rain  than  we  have  had  to 
date,  to  amply  supply  the  mines  with  water 
and  make  certain  the  cereal  crops  throughout 
the  State,  the  gains  insured  by  the  present 
storm  may  be  estimated  by  the  million,  so  much 
at  a  critical  period  may  our  material  prosperity 
be  made  to  depend  upon  the  fall  of  even  a 
single  inch  of  rain.  Truly  has  it  been  said  that 
much  that  is  common  to  the  eastern  side  of  the 
continent  has  been  reversed  here  in  California; 
and  in  nothing  has  this  maxim  found  so  apt 
verification  as  through  the  peculiar  conditions 
of  the  climate.  A  pleasant  winter  day  with  a 
clear  sky  and  the  promise  of  long-continued  fine 
weather,  would,  on  the  other  side,  enliven  busi- 
ness and  put  everybody  in  the  best  of  spirits. 
Not  so  here.  We  dread  these  fine  winter  days. 
The  practical  business  man  sees  in  them  only 
ruin  and  disaster.  To  the  farmer  they  mean 
poor  crops;  to  the  miner,  light  clean-ups;  to 
the  laboring  man  low  wages ;  to  the  merchant 
dull  sales  and  slow  pay;  to  everybody,  in  short, 
stagnant  business  and  hard  times.  Give  us, 
\  however,  a  sodden  earth  and  leaden  sky,  a 
\down-pouring  rain  with  a  good  prospect  of  its 
\ong  continuance,  and  business  of  all  kinds  is  at 
nee  inspired  with  new  life. 


The  Heat  of  the  Comstock. 

In  the  year  1878  the  Government  of  the 
United  States  commenced  a  work  which  it  had 
too  long  neglected,  and  has  since  dropped  only 
half  completed.  That  is  the  careful  examina- 
tion of  the  Comstock  lode,  the  largest  deposit 
of  precious  metals  now  known  in  the  world,  and 
one  of  the  most  remarkable  exhibitions  of  the 
phenomena  which  the  earth  hides  within  its 
bosom.  The  work  was  done  by  Prof.  John  A- 
Church,  of  Columbus,  Ohio,  in  connection  with 
Wheeler's  survey  of  the  Territories.  Prof. 
Church  spent  five  months  in  the  field,  and  as  a 
first  result  of  his  labors,  the  annual  report  of  the 
Chief  of  Engineers  contains  a  discussion  of  the 
heat  which  makes  labor  in  the  Comstock 
so  severe.  It  is  a  matter  of  first  importance 
to  know  whether  this  heat  is  likely  to  increase 
rapidly  in  depth,  for  it  has  already  reached  a 
point  at  which  it  is  almost  unendurable. 

Hitherto  nothing  has  been  known  of  the  cause 
to  which  this  heat  was  to  be  attributed,  and 
the  only  explanations  given  were  those  which 
had  obtained  authority  in  other  parts  of  the 
world.  They  were  two  in  number,  both  refer- 
ring to  the  fact  that  the  rock  of  the  Comstock 
region  was  once  melted  and  poured  out  in  a 
fluid  state.  According  to  one  of  these  theories 
the  erupted  rock  has  never  cooled  down  except 
near  the  surface.  Kock  does  not  transmit  heat 
very  readily,  and  when  a  layer  a  thousand  feet 
thick  has  become  cool  it  acts  like  a  blanket  to 
keep  the  remainder  of  the  mass  from  losing  heat. 

The  other  theory  is  that  a  mass  of  melted 
rock,  or  at  least  very  hot  rock  exists  at  a  com- 
paratively moderate  depth  in  the  Comstock 
neighborhood,  and  the  heat  from  this  intensely 
hot  center  of  radiation  is  transmitted  through 
the  rocks  of  the  lode,  keeping  them  warm.  The 
rocks  there  were  poured  out  at  quite  a  recent 
period,  and  this  theory  merely  asserts  that  the 
original  sources  of  the  melted  material  are  still 
very  hot  and  keep  the  crust  "above  them  at  a 
high  temperature. 

Both  of  these  theories  are  old  and  were  in- 
vented to  account  for  the  fact  that  regions  con- 
taining eruptive  rocks  are  often  found  to  be  the 
seat  of  hot  springs,  and  to  give  other  evidences 
of  heating.  The  springs  at  Steamboat  merely 
repeat  the  conditions  which  are  found  at  Carls- 
bad, Franzensbad,  and  other  European  localities, 
and  in  Mexico;  and  when  the  Comstock  first 
came  under  the  observation  of  scientific  men, 
one  of  the  first  points  settled  was  that  the  hot 
springs  burst  out  from  an  uncooled  mass  of 
eruptive  rocks,  or  were  the  last  phase  of  the 
aqueous  eruptions  which  formed  the  lode. 
Since  then  nothing  has  been  added  to  the  facts 
or  theories,  except  the  assertion  by  Mr.  King 
that  the  rock  is  heated  by  the  water  which 
penetrates  it,  leaving  the  origin  of  the  hot  water 
still  unaccounted  for. 

Prof.  Church  rejects  all  of  these  theories  and 
brings  evidence  to  show  that  the  heat  of  the 
rocks  is  maintained  by  some  cause  that  is  in 
action  now,  and  cannot  be  considered  as  a 
remnant  of  a  fusion  long  passed.  He  calculates, 
for  instance,  that  it  is  impossible  for  rock  to 
transmit  heat  with  such  rapidity  as  the  pro- 
pylite  of  the  Comstock  does,  unless  it  has  a 
very  much  higher  temperature  than  anything 
known  there. 

In  the  Yellow  Jacket  mine  the  rock  at  the 
2200  level  was  found  to  have  an  average  tem- 
perature of  138°  Fah.,  and  as  the  increase  of 
heat  in  the  rocks  is  found  to  be  about  one  de- 
gree Fahrenheit  for  45£  feet  of  depth,  the  tem- 
perature of  the  rock  on  the  1732  should  be 
about  1274°  Fah.  Therefore  between  the  2200 
and  1732  levels  there  is  a  layer  of  rock  468  feet 
thick,  which  has  its  under  side  10£  degrees 
hotter  than  the  upper  surface. 

Upon  these  facts  it  is  possible  to  base  trust- 
worthy calculations  concerning  the  source  of 
the  heat;  for  a  third  of  a  century  ago  Prof. 
Forbes,  Director  of  the  Calton  Hill  observa- 
tory, in  Edinburg,  Scotland,  began  a  series  of 
observations  on  the  rate  of  heat  transmission  in 
rocks  and  soils.  He  planted  thermometers  in 
the  trap  rock  of  the  hill  at  depths  of  3,  6,  12  and 
24  feet,  and  the  readings  of  the  instruments 
have  been  taken  patiently  several  times  a  day 
ever  since.  A  few  years  ago  they  were  sum- 
marised by  the  celebrated  Sir  William  Thom- 
son, and  it  is  on  the  results  obtained  by  these 
two  gentlemen  that  Prof.  Church  bases  his  as- 
sertion that  no  possible  rate  of  heat  transmis- 
sion could  keep  up  the  high  temperatures 
found  in  the  mines. 

Sir  William  Thomson  found  that  a  plate  of 
trap  rock  one  foot  square  and  one  foot,  thick, 
would  transmit  in  24  hours,  for  each  degree  of 
difference  between  the  top  and  bottom  of  the 
plate,  enough  heat  to  raise  24£  pounds  of  water 
one  degree  in  temperature.  The  trap  of  Calton 
hill  and  propylite  of  the  Comstock  are  both 
eruptive  rocks,  and  it  is  not  making  a  violent 
supposition  to  say  that  they  probably  transmit 
heat  with  about  equal  facility.  Therefore  the 
stratum  between  the  1732  and  2200  levels  of 
the  Yellow  Jacket,  having  a  difference  of  10£ 
degrees  between  the  temperature  of  its  top  and 
bottom,  should  transmit  enough  heat  in  each 
day  to  raise  24J  x  10-^  =  255.7  pounds  of  water 
one  degree,  provided  the  distance  between  the 
levels  were  only  one  foot.  But  we  have  seen 
that  it  is  468  feet,  and  it  is  a  known  law  that 
the  rate  of  heat  transmission  diminishes  with 
the  thickness  of  the  stratum.  To  obtain  the 
amount  of  heat  which  the  rock  between  these 
levels  of  the  Yellow  Jacket  is  actually  capable 


of  transmitting,  we  must  divide  the  above 
quantity  by  468,  which  will  give  the  amount  of 
heat  the  1732  level  would  receive,  provided  it 
were  heated  entirely  by  transmission  fr_om  the 
2200  level.  Dividing  255.7  by  468,  we  obtain 
0.55  pounds  of  water  raised  one  degree  in  tem- 
perature, and  the  next  step  necessary  is  to  as- 
certain how  this  compares  with  the  actual  state 
of  things. 

Fortunately  this  can  be  done,  and  the  circum- 
stances are  an  excellent  example  of  the  value 
which  the  pursuit  of  knowledge,  even  of  the 
most  abstract  kind,  will  eventually  have.  While 
the  labors  of  Prof.  Forbes  and  Sir  Wm.  Thom- 
son have  made  an  approximate  theoretical  cal- 
culation possible,  the  intelligent  interest  which 
Capt.  T.  G.  Taylor,  formerly  Superintendent  of 
the  Yellow  Jacket,  took  in  his  mine,  has  placed 
within  Prof.  Church's  hands  the  means  of  com- 
paring these  theoretical  results  with  the  amount 
of  heat  actually  transmitted  to  the  1732  drift. 
Capt.  Taylor  .began  in  1875  a  series  of  observa- 
tions at  several  points  in  the  mine,  and  though 
a  few  of  the  records  have  been  accidentally  de-. 
stroyed,  enough  remains  to  afford  a  valuable 
source  of  information. 

The  Yellow  Jacket  is  opened  by  a  vertical 
shaft  to  the  1119  level,  and  an  incline  to  the 
1531  level.  From  the  1531  two  parallel 
winzes  are  sunk  on  the  lode,  inclining  with  it. 
They  are  413  feet  apart,  and  connected  on  every 
lower  level  by  the  main  north  and  south  drift. 
The  mine  is  downcast,  and  the  air  current  passes 
down  the  vertical  shaft  to  the  1119  level, 
thence  down  the  incline  to  the  1531  level, 
through  a  drift  to  the  south  winze,  and  thence 
down  this  winze  to  the  2200  level,  the  bottom  of 
themine.  On  its  way  from  the  1531  it  sends  a  cur- 
rent through  the  1732,  1935  and  2040  levels, 
these  currents  being  reunited  in  the  north 
winze,  which  is  the  upcast.  The  north  winze 
does  not  reach  to  the  surface,  and  no  air  rises  to- 
day in  the  mine,  the  entire  current  flowing  into 
the  Imperial  and  Bullion  mines,  both  north  of 
the  Yellow  Jacket,  and  both  of  them  exclusive- 
ly upcast.  This  simple  arrangement,  and  the 
fact  that  the  drifts  are  not  worked  in  now,  and, 
are  therefore  free  from  the  heat  of  candles,  men 
and  other  disturbing  causes,  make  the  Jacket 
one  of  the  best  mines  known  for  observations  on 
heat. 

Capt.  Taylor  has  placed  Fahrenheit  ther- 
mometers of  the  common  kind,  with  japanned 
tin  cases,  at  the  surface,  foot  of  the  vertical 
shaft  (1119  level),  1732  south  and  north  winzes, 
1935  north  winze,  and  2040  south  and  north 
winzes. 

Prof.  Church  says  that  the  instruments, 
which  are  of  ordinary  construction,  should  be 
replaced  by  standards,  and  that  the  favorable 
circumstances  of  the  mine  will  repay  careful 
work  upon  it.  According  to  his  measurement, 
the  mine  receives  about  18,000  cubic  feet  of  air 
per  minute,  which  divides  into  three  splits  in 
the  south  winze,  one  of  which  travels  through 
the  1732,  1934  and  2040  levels  respectively. 
The  air  gains  in  temperature  in  descending  the 
south  winze,  aud  also  in  passing  the  413  feet  of 
drift  to  the  north  winze.  On  the  1732  the 
amount  of  the  gain  in  six  months  was — 

HEAT     OBSERVATIONS,    YBLLOW    JACKET    MINE,    1732    LEVEL, 
1877. 
South  Winze.    North  Winze.  Gain. 

January 75.62  80.60  10.88 

February 76.86  83.S7  7.02 

March 76.10  88.89  12.79 

April 77.48  88.23  10.75 

May 81.42.  91.11  9.69 

June 79.39  91.62  12.23 

Average  for  six  months 10.56 

Eighteen  thousand  cubic  feet  of  air,  divided 
among  three  drifts,  would  give  each  one  6,000 
cubic  feet,  oi  close  on  400  pounds  of  air  per 
minute.  The  amount  of  heat  absorbed  is  1,128- 
pound-heat  unite  in  traveling  413  feet  on  the 
1732  level.  This  is  equivalent  to  burning  216 
pounds  of  anthracite  coal  in  that  drift  each 
day. 

A  more  striking  way  of  stating  the  facts  is 
by  saying  that  if  hard- coal  fires  were  kept  at 
distances  of  100  feet  in  the  drift,  each  one  of 
them  would  have  to  burn  52£  pounds  of  coal 
daily  to  warm  the  air  current  as  much  as  the 
drift  does.  There  is  not  a  household  fire  in 
San  Francisco  which  could  replace  one  of  these 
hypothetical  fires  in  the  drift,  unless  it  is  in 
one  of  the  largest  furnaces  used  for  warming  a 
whole  house. 

By  combining  the  heating  power  of  the  drift, 
as  found  from  Capt.  Taylor's  observations,  with 
the  transmission  proved  to  be  theoretically  pos- 
sible, Prof.  Church  shows  that  the  heat  of  the 
drift  is  at  least  six  times  what  it  could  be  by 
mere  transmission. 

He  also  shows  that  the  heat  of  the  rocks 
cannot  come  from  the  water,  for  the  rock  of 
the  Comstock  is  mostly  quite  dry,  and  the  dry 
rock  is  as  hot  as  the  wet.  Finally,  by  the  mere 
statement  that  the  1732  level  of  the  Jacket 
has  not  lost  its  heating  power,  after  two  years' 
exposure  to  a  cooling  air  current,  he  shows  that 
it  cannot  be  referred  to  retention  of  the  heat 
by  which  the  eruptive  rocks  were  originally 
melted. 

He  maintains  that  the  heat  is  constantly  pro- 
duced by  some  agency  that  is  now  acting  in  the 
rocks,  and  that  the  agency  involved  must  be  a 
chemical  one. 


Mrs.  Josefa  Livermore,  wife  of  the  late 
Robert  Livermore,  one  of  the  oldest  residents 
of  Alameda  county,  died  Thursday,  last  at  Liv- 
ermore. Deceased  was  born  in  the  Livermore 
valley  in  1810. 

The  steamship  Oberon,  from  New  Orleans  for 
Liverpool,  is  ashore  near  Queenstown. 


New  Hoisting  Machinery  for  the  Corn- 
stock. 

Prescott,  Scott  &  Co.,  of  the  Union  Iron 
Works,  in  this  city,  have  just  completed,  ready 
for  shipment  to  the  North  Consolidated  Virginia 
mine,  on  the  Comstock,  the  largest  direct  acting 
hoisting  machinery  yet  built  on  this  coast.  It 
was  designed  by  and  built  under  the  supervision 
of  Mr.  Wm.  H.  Patton,  of  the  bonanza  mines. 
This  machinery,  which  is  believed. to  embody 
all  the  latest  improvements  in  this  class  of  work, 
was  set  up  at  the  foundry  this  week,  and  we  had 
an  opportunity  of  examining  it. 
Foundations. 

The  foundations  which  are  already  laid  for 
the  reception  of  the  hoist  are  of  massive  stone- 
work 24  feet  deep,  38  feet  wide  and  56  feet 
long.  In  this,  the  foundation  bolts  for  the 
frames  of  the  engines  have  been  set.  The  bolts 
vary  from  2^  to  3  inches  in  diameter  and  are  20 
feet  long.  For  the  accommodation  of  the  brake 
frames,  hydraulic  cylinders,  crank  plates,  reels, 
etc. ,  the  masonry  is  stopped  off  at  the  proper 
points,  while  the  balance  is  carried  up  level  to  a 
horizontal  plane  of  two  feet  below  the  bottom  of 
the  engine  frames,  which  rest  on  a  coping  of  the 
above  thickness. 

The  hoisting  plant  consists  of  two  engines, 
connected  together  at  the  main  pillow  blocks, 
by  a  common  crank  shaft,  with  accompanying 
reels,  clutches,  brakes,  wheels,  indicators,  rods, 
levers,  hydraulic  cylinder,  overhead  sheaves,  etc. 
The  Frames, 

The  engine  frame  is  of  the  style  known  as 
the  Corliss,  about  24  feet  long  between  the 
front  ends  of  the  cylinder  and  where  the 
frames  join  the  pillow  blocks.  The  engines  are 
placed  28  feet  apart.  The  pistons  are  of  28- 
inch  diameter  and  have  an  eight-foot  stroke. 
The  cylinders  are  cast  separate  from  the  frames 
that  carry  the  cross  heads,  guides,  etc.,  but 
are  bolted  to  them.  These  frames  are  bored 
out  to  a  diameter  of  35  inches,  for  the  recep- 
tion of  the  cross  heads.  For  convenience  of 
shipping,  these  frames  that  join  the  cylinders 
to  the  pillow  blocks  are  cast  in  two  pieces  and 
carefully  bolted  together.  The  piUow  blocks 
are  furnished  with  heavy  side  and  bottom 
brasses,  that  are  fitted  for  the  crank  shaft. 
The  Pistons. 

The  pistons  carry  spring  packing.  Both 
heads  of  cylinders  project  into  the  cylinder 
six  inches,  and  are  made  concave  to  suit  the 
piston.  The  back  heads  are  heavily  ribbed,  and 
have  a  separate  outside  cover  bolted  on  and 
turned  and  polished  all  over.  The  front  heads 
form  one  end  of  the  engine  frame  and  are 
bored  and  fitted  with  separate  stuffing 
boxes  turned  and  bolted  securely.  All  the 
glands  of  both  engine  and  bottom  of  stuffing 
boxes  are  properly  bushed  with  brass.  The 
piston  rods  are  of  steel,  six  inches  in  diameter 
and  about  14  feet  long.  The  cross  heads  are  of 
wrought  iron,  with  braSB  shoes  to  fit  circular 
guides  of  frames.  They  are  keyed  to  their  re- 
spective piston  rods  and  are  provided  each  with 
pins  for  connecting  rod.  These  latter  are  of 
wrought  iron,  10  inches  in  diameter  at  the 
middle  and  23  feet  long. 

The  cranks  are  of  usual  form,  but  carry  crank 
plates  that  are  cast  in  two  pieces  and  bolted  to- 
gether, after  being  carefully  fitted  to  the  crank. 
These  crank  plates  are  carefully  turned  off  at 
the  rim  for  the  brake  straps,  that  are  operated 
by  the  engineer  through  a  series  of  levers, 
rods,  etc. 

Valve  Motion. 

The  admission  valves  of  the  engine  are  of  the 
Cornish  pattern,  nine  inches  in  diameter.  The 
exhaust  valves  are  of  the  American  double- 
disk  pattern,  driven  by  eccentric  and  combina- 
tion of  rock  Bhafts,  levers  and  cams.  The  ex- 
pansion of  steam  is  controlled  by  the  Cross 
variable  cut-off,  made  to  adjust  by  levers  held 
by  quadrants.  The  steam  and  exhaust  chests 
are  cast  on  the  cylinder,  the  steam  chest 
being  on  top  at  each  end  and  connected  to- 
gether by  a  10-inch  pipe  with  a  branch  for  the 
throttle;  the  valves  being  directly  over  the 
steam  ports.  The  exhaust  chests  are  on  the  side 
of  the  cylinders.  The  steam  and  exhaust  valves 
are  of  brass.  The  ends  of  the  valve  lifters  are 
supported  on  turned,  polished  columns,  bolterr* 
to  flanges  projecting  from  the  steam  chests  and 
the  side  of  the  cylinder. 

Both  steam  and  exhaust  valves  are  worked 
from  one  rock  shaft  placed  above  the  cylinders 
equi-distant  from  each  other.  This  rock  shaft 
is  four  and  a  half  inches  in  diameter,  working  in 
bracket  boxes,  bolted  to  the  tops  of  cylinders. 
Motion  is  given  to  the  rock  shaft  by  a  connecting 
rod,  from  an  intermediate  rock  shaft,  working 
in  a  box  bolted  to  a  foot,  cast  on  the  engine 
frame  near  the  forward  end  of  the  guides.  This 
rock  shaft  is  4  inches  in  diameter,  and  14  feet 
long,  fitted  with  brass  boxes. 

There  is  a  10-inch  Cornish  valve  on  each  en- 
gine for  the  throttle,  fitted  with  a  jjass-over 
valve  in  the  side  of  the  valve  chest,  and  fitted 
with  shaft,  lever  and  quadrant,  all  of  bright 
work.  "  The  pistons  are  12  inches  deep  on  the 
periphery,  and  14  inches  at  the  centers,  both 
outsides  being  convex.  The  cross  heads  are  all 
bright.  The  cross-head  pins  are  of  steel  6£ 
inches  in  diameter  and  9  inches  long  in  the 
bearing. 

Reversing-  and  Cut-off  Gear. 
The  two  reversing  links  are  connected  direct 
to  a  pin  on  the  arm  on  the  inside  end  of  the  in- 
termediate rock  shaft,  and  are  of  solid  wrought 


January  25,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


57 


iron,  18  inches  between  the  centers  of  eccentric 
rot  I  pins.  The-  links  are  case-hardened  and 
work  in  a  solid  wrought-iron  link  block  with 
steel  gibs.  The  link  motion  is  all  complete 
with  suspending  links,  tumbling  shafts,  balance 
levers  and  weights,  double  quadrants,  hand 
tevet  and  shafts,  with  connection  from  lever  on 
fomhling  shaft  to  the  hand  lever.  There  are 
fimr  eccentrics  fitted  to  the  crank  shaft,  two  for 
each  engine,  for  working  the  links,  and  con- 
nected to  the  same  by  rods,  fitted  with  journals, 
keys  and  gibs,  these  rods  being  all  bright  finish- 
ed. There  are  two  separate  eccentrics  (one  for 
each  engine),  for  working  the  cut-olf  gear  con- 
nected to  it  by  rods  and  levers,  with  intermedi- 
ate rock  shaft.  There  is  a  quadrant  with  lever 
Cor  adjusting  and  holding  the  cut-olf  gear  in 
place,  with  eounectious  of  the  aame  descrip- 
tion and  finish  as  the  reversing  gear. 

The  crank  shaft  is  of  wrought-iron  turned, 
and  a  little  over  1*7  feet  long,  and  18  inches 
in  diameter.  The  wrought-iron  cranks  are 
four  feut  from  center  of  shaft  to  center  of 
crank  pin,  the  hubs  beiug  .'It!  inches  in  diameter 
■nd  17  inches  thick.  The  balance  wheels  are 
13  feet  in  diameter  aud  14-inch  face.  The  con- 
necting rods  are  22  feet  long,  b'  inches  diameter 
at  necks,  and  10  inches  at  centers. 
The  Reela  and  Brakes. 

There  arc  two  reels  which  turn  loosely  upon 
the  slut i,  and  are  brought  into  action  by 
clutches  which  slide  upon  the  shaft  where  it  is 
planed  otF  octagonally  for  greater  strength. 
The  reels  are  six  feet  in  diameter  where  the  flat 
rope  begins  to  wind  upon  itself,  and  can  coil  at 
least  4,1)00  feet  of  rope,  making  15  feet 
in  diameter  when  the  rope  is  wound  up.  The 
brake  wheels  are  attached  to  the  reels  and  are 
turned  off  on  the  rims  for  friction  brakes. 
These  brakes  on  each  reel  consist  of  two  up- 
right wrought-iron  trussed  vibrating  arms,  11) 
feet  long,  connected  together  at  the  top  by  a 
double-adjustable  rod,  and  prepared  to  receive 
wooden  shoes  11  feet  loug  and  1*2  inches  thick. 
There  are  two  sets  of  brakes  for  each  of  the 
reels,  one  for  operating  at  each  side,  and  one  set 
at  the  bottom  of  the  brake  wheels. 

The  brakes  are  operated  by  levers  connected 
to  hand  wheels  by  rack  and  pinion,  and  fur- 
nished with  ratchet  and  pawl  for  holding 
brakes  in  place.  The  bottom  brakes  consist  of 
wrought-iron  straps  with  adjustable  screw 
ends,  the  brake  straps  being  covered  with  hard 
wood.  There  are  two  brakes  for  the  engines, 
one  on  each  balance  wheel,  consisting  of 
wrought-iron  straps,  operated  through  a  combi- 
nation of  levers  and  rods,  by  a  foot  pedal.  The 
brake  wheels  are  13  feet  in  diameter  and  12- 
inch  face. 

Hydraulic  Clutches. 

The  clutches  for  throwing  the  reels  into  gear, 
fit  on  the  octagonal  part  of  the  shaft.  They 
are  *29  inches  long  and  with  a  hub  turned  3G 
inches  in  diameter.  These  clutches  are  ope- 
rated by  hydraulic  power,  under  control  of  the 
brakeman.  When  the  pressure  of  water  is 
turned  on  to  the  piston  of  the  hydraulic  cylin- 
ders, it  operates  through  suitable  connections — 
a  bell-crank  lever  which  throws  the  clutch  in  or 
out  of  gear.  There  can  never  be  any  miss 
about  the  mechanism  and  no  effort  is  required 
to  connect  or  disconnect  the  clutches. 
The  Indicator  Gear. 

The  indicator  gear  fitted  to  this  hoisting  ma- 
chinery is  of  a  novel  form,  this  being  the  first 
of  the  kind  in  use.  It  was  recently  patented, 
through  the  Mining  and  Scientific  Press 
Patent  Agency,  by  H.  0.  Behr,  of  Virginia 
City.  As  the  reels  on  this  engine  operate  sepa- 
rately, there  are  two  indicator  drums,  one  for 
each  reel.  Each  one  consists  of  a  metal  drum, 
four  feet  in  diameter,  mounted  on  a  vertical 
shaft.  On  this  drum  is  a  worm  or  spiral  band 
of  copper,  made  so  as  to  hold  upon  it,  by  spring 
or  screw,  numbers  indicating  positions  in  the 
shaft.  The  revolution  of  the  drum  and  helix 
operates  two  screw  shafts  which  carry  an  indi- 
cating bar  and  pointer,  said  bar  and  pointer 
moving  in  a  plane  in  the  direction  of  the  axis  of 
the  drum  and  following  the  helix,  so  as  to  point 
out  the  position  of  the  cage  on  the  end  of  the 
rope  in  the  shaft.  With  the  ordinary  indicator 
it  is  impossible  for  the  engineer  to  know  with 
accuracy  the  position  of  the  cage  in  the  shaft, 
as  the  variation  is  so  great.  In  this,  the  helix 
on  the  drum  has  the  numbers  upon  it  which  in- 
dicate the  eertain  points  in  the  main  shaft.  It 
is  marked  off  in  feet.  As  the  drum  is  rotated 
by  a  pinion  on  the  reel  shaft  actuating  the 
drum,  the  pointer  on  the  indicator  bar  moves 
vertically  and  the  pointer  indicates  exactly  the 
number  of  feet  of  rope  out.  The  stretch  of 
cable  when  out  at  great  length  may  be  calcu- 
lated for  and  the  marks  or  numbers  changed  on 
the  helix  in  accordance  with  the  stretch.  The 
accuracy  of  the  device  is  such  that  the  engineer 
can  tell,  to  a  foot,  exactly  the  position  of  the 
cage  in  the  shaft.  These  drums  are  four  feet  in 
diameter  and  six  feet  high.  The  coil  or  helix 
going  around  it  26  times.  Each  turn  may  be 
marked  off  in  20  numbers  of  five  feet  each  for 
100  or  10  numbers  of  10  feet  each;  so  a  whole 
2,600  feet  may  be  marked  off  in  five-foot  sec- 
tions, with  considerable  space  between.  These 
numbers  may  be  shifted  at  will  to  account  for 
stretch  of  rope.  On  these  engines  there  is  a 
spur  gear,  secured  to  a  follower  on  the  brake 
wheel  arms,  to  connect  with  a  pinion  keyed  to 
the  shaft  carrying  the  worm  that  drives  the 
gear  on  the  vertical  drum  shaft. 

Operation  of  trie  Hoist. 

The   engines  described   are  built  to  attain  a 

maximum  piston  speed  of  1,000  feet  per  minute. 

This  will  require  about  60  revolutions  of  the 

cranks.     The  speed  of  the  cages  moving  in  the 


vertical  shaft  will  vary,  according  to  tho  amount 
of  rope  wound  upon  the  reels,  from  2,000  to 
4,000  feet  per  minute.  They  are  under  the 
control  of  a  single  engineer  and  his  brakeman, 
the  former  lauding  the  amendinfl  rage  and  the 
latter  the  descending,  continually.  The  engi- 
neer fixes  his  attention  upon  the  indicator  that 
registers  the  progress  of  the  ascending  cage, 
aud  at  the  proper  instant,  cuts  off  his  steam, 
applies  his  brakes  to  the  crank  plates,  and  stops 
the  cage  at  the  mouth  of  the  shaft.  Meanwhile 
the  brakeman  is  lowering  the  other  cage,  watch- 
ing the  indicator  connected  with  its  reel.  When 
it  approaches  the  station  he  throws  out  his 
clutch,  by  means  of  hydraulic  power,  applies 
hia  brakes  and  brings  his  cage  to  a  standstill. 
On  the  return  run  the  positions  are  simply  re- 
versed. 

Each  man  has,  therefore,  a  simple  duty  to 
perform,  one  attending  to  tho  hoisting  aud 
the  other  to  the  loweriug  of  the  cages,  continu- 
ously. By  this  systematic  and  expeditious  way 
of  working,  a  maximum  out-put  of  1,200  tons 
per  day  can  bo  secured. 

All  this  machinery  weighs  about  400  tons, 
and  is  the  largest  of  tho  class  on  the  coast. 
Most  of  the  large  hoisting  machinery  here  is 
geared,  hut  this  is  direct  acting.  Four  boilers, 
54  inches  iu  diameter  and  16  feet  long,  have 
been  shipped  to  accompany  the  machinery, 
these  making  eight  boilers  in  alt  at  the  shaft 
where  these  engines  are  going.     Each   pair  has 


A  Foe  to  the  Lumberman. 


Scientific  investigators  are  continually  coming 
to  the  aid  of  practical  workers  with  explana- 
tions of  the  evils  which  hedge  about  their  work 
and  endanger  its  results.  These  explanations 
we  seek  for  publication,  because  often  a  knowl- 
edge of  the  evil  suggests  a  remedy,  and  where 
this  happy  result  does  not  follow,  there  is  still 
the  satisfaction  of  being  acquainted  with  the 
occult  agency  which  crosses  the  worker's  path- 
way toward  bucccss  in  his  avocation.  A  very 
interesting  case  of  timber  destruction  by  a  fun" 
gus,  which  penetrates  the  growing  tree  and 
honeycombs  its  heart  without  leaving  any  ex- 
terior markB  by  which  the  lumberman  can  tell 
the  worthlessness  of  the  timber  beneath  the 
bark,  was  brought  to  the  attention  of  the  Cali- 
fornia Academy  of  Sciences,  by  Dr.  H.  W. 
Harkncss.  As  the  case  is  of  such  wide  practical 
interest  to  lumbermen  and  tree  growers  gen- 
erally, we  have  made  engravings  to  show 
the  way  in  which  the  fungus  attacks  the  fiber 
of  the  tree.  These  engravings  will  be  fully  ex- 
plained in  the  course  of  the  paper  which  Dr. 
Harkness  read  at  the  Academy  of  Sciences,  and 
which  we  print  herewith: 

During  the  past  few  years   the   study   of  the 


FIG.     1.       CROSS-SECTION    OP    CEDAR,    HONEY-COMBED    BY    THE    FUNGUS. 


double  steam  drums.  In  the  engine  all  the 
working  pins  throughout  the  valve  gear  are  of 
steel,  and  the  connections  fitted  with  brasses, 
keys  and  gibs.  All  the  levers,  wipers,  rods, 
rock  shafts,  journals,  caps,  connecting  rods, 
quadrants,  reversing  levers,  etc.,  are  finished 
bright.  The  quadrants  and  levers  are  fitted  up 
with  spring  and  brass  hand  catches,  like  locomo- 
tive quadrants.  All  the  principal  eccentrics, 
slides,  etc.,  are  fitted  with  the  Lonergan  oilers. 


Section  Cut  "with  the  Grain. 


The  machinery  altogether  is  very  handsome  in 
appearance,  and  is  substantially  and  carefully 
made,  reflecting  credit  on  both  designer  and 
builders. 

E.  Gaugot,  the  well-known  mining  engineer, 
and  one  of  the  original  members  of  the  Ameri- 
can Institute  of  Mining  Engineers,  sailed  on 
the  steamer  Belgic  on  the  21st  inst.,  to  assume 
the  position  of  general  superintendent  and  en- 
gineer of  the  coal  mines  [for  the  Japanese  gov- 
ernment. 


fungoid  diseases  affecting  vegetation  has  proved 
to  be  one  of  much  importance,  not  alone  owing 
to  the  scientific  interest  attached  to  the  subject, 
but  also  to  the  farmer  as  well,  whose  best  efforts 
are  often  thwarted  by  thejpresence  of  a  pesti- 
lence he-is  powerless  to  control.  The  Peronos- 
pora,  affecting  the  potato,  Puccinia  and  Ery- 
si])he  amongst  wheat,  are  capable  of  destroying 
the  fairest  fields  in  a  single  night,  while  the 
Sphieria  morbosa,  upon  our  fruit  trees,  and  the 
Aferulius  and  Polyporus,  amongst  those  of  our 
forests,  are  but  types  of  a  large  order  of  para- 
sites which  are  silently  at  work  converting  many 
of  our  forest  trees  into  their  original  elements. 
In  many  instances  it  is  probable  that  the  tree 
has  completed  its  growth  before  it  is  attacked, 
yet  the  external  signs  are  so  obscure  as  to  mis- 
lead the  observer,  valuable  trees  being  lost  be- 
fore the  appearance  of  disease  is  even  suspected. 

A  notable  example  in  point  is  to  be  found  in 
the  Douglass  spruce  of  our  mountains;  this  is 
well  known  as  one  of  our  most  beautiful  trees, 
while  for  many  purposes  the  timber  is  of  great 
value.  The  lumberman  suffers,  however,  a  great 
loss  from  a  form  of  dry  rot  which  attacks  the 
living  trees,  the  presence  of  which  disease  he  is 
often  unable  to  detect  until  after  much  labor 
has  been  expended  in  preparing  the  lumber  for 
market.  The  disease  of  this  tree  is  owing  to 
the  presence  of  a  new  species  ofDcedalia,  for 
which  I  propose  the  name,  D.  vorax,  which 
first  finds  lodgment  beneath  some  dead  limb. 
Following  the  course  of  the  limb  as  it  enters  the 
heart-wood  of  the  tree,  the  mycelium  begins 
immediately  to  branch  upward  and  downward 
along  the  line  of  the  longitudinal  cells.  Rami- 
fying among  these  it  saps  the  cell  contents  and 
destroys  the  vitality  of  the  structure.  On  mak- 
ing a  section  of  the  tree  the  line  of  devastation 
may  be  easily  traced  by  the  minute  channels 
filled  with  the  decaying  .wood.  The  tree  once 
fallen,  the  work  of  the  fungus  does  not  cease, 
but,  on  the  contrary,  is  greatly  accelerated, 
owing  to  the  greater  amount  of  moisture  it  im- 
bibes when  in  recumbent  position;  and  hence  it 
is  that  our  fallen  spruces  so  soon  disappear. 

But  let  us  pass  to  another,  the  fir  trees  of  our 
Sierras,  for  a  still  further  proof  of  the  work  of 
destruction  wrought  upon  our  living  trees  by 
fungi.  In  the  case  of  the  fir,  the  fungus  (with 
little    doubt    Polyporus   revolutus — Cooke)   at- 


taches itself  to  the  bark  of  the  tree;  its  mycel- 
ium soon  penetrates  to  the  cambium  beneath; 
there  it  spreads  over  a  considerable  space,  and 
begins  to  force  its  way  directly  through  the  Bap- 
wood  toward  the  heait.  The  tree  does  not, 
however,  readily  yield  to  the  influence  of  its 
foe,  but  commences  to  develop  new  tissue,  in 
order  to  arrest  the  extension,  or  partially  encyst 
the  fungus.  Layer  after  layer  of  new  tissue  is 
formed,  until  great  bulbous  expansions  are  pro- 
duced upon  the  trunk;  the  parasite  all  the  while 
is  eating  its  way  like  a  cancer,  slowly  but 
surely,  iuto^the  heart,  until  finally,  after  years 
of  contest,  the  tree  falls  a  prey  to  its  deadly 
enemy.  So  general  is  this  disease  amongst  the 
firs  that,  as  Mr.  John  Muir  asserts,  few,  if  any, 
die  from  any  other  cause.  This  fungus,  like 
the  one  before  mentioned,  continues  its  work  in 
the  fallen  trees. 

In  the  fungus  I  am  now  to  speak  of  there  is  a 
marked  exception,  however,  to  this  rule.  I  al- 
lude to  the  fungus  which  is  at  work  upon  our 
Libocedrtts  decurrfnn,  a  tree  of  great  value  for 
timber,  the  consumption  of  which  is  constantly 
increasing  as  its  good  qualities  are  becoming 
better  known.  In  Borne  localities,  as  can  be 
shown,  one-half  or  more  of  the  treea  are 
diseased,  and  yet  no  external  signs  appear  by 
which  the  lumberman  may  determine  the  dis- 
eased tree  from  that  which  is  sound.  The 
method,  too,  by  which  the  fungus  invades  the 
tree  is  most  singularly  perplexing.  If  we  ex- 
amine a  transverse  section  of  an  affected  tree, 
we  shall  find  numerous  small  openings,  as  shown 
in  the  larger  engraving  (Fig.  1),  and  which 
create  the  impression  of  being  the  work  of  some 
animal.  Frequently  50  or  60  such  opening 
may  be  seen  in  such  a  section.  These  openings 
vary  from  one-half  to  one  inch  in  diameter.  A 
longitudinal  section  of  such  a  tree  reveals  the 
fact  that  these  openings  are  not  continuous 
throughout  the  body  of  the  tree,  but  are  simply 
elliptical  cavities  of  from  three  to  four  inches  in 
length.  These  openings  are  shown  in  the 
smaller  engraving  (Fig.  2). 

These  cavities  are  tilled  with  the  dead  wood, 
pervaded  with  threads  of  mycelium.  The  wood 
so  afl'ected  becomes  contracted  in  the  cavity,  is 
very  friable  and  easily  powdered  between  the 
fingers;  the  medullary  rayB  and  fibro- vascular 
bundles,  together  with  the  cell  structures  in 
general,  maintaining  their  proper  relations  to 
each  other.  A  singular  fact  must  in  this  con- 
nection be  noted,  which  is  this,  that  along  the 
line  of  this  decayed  wood,  or  in  other  words, 
the  borders  of  these  cavities,  there  seems  to  be 
no  partially  decaying  or  decayed  wood.  Be- 
tween any  two  such  cavities  there  is  a  consideig 
able  portion  of  perfectly  sound  wood,  the  myce> 
lium  in  some  unaccountable  manner,  finding  its 
way  through  the  living  wood,  leaving  behind 
not  the  slightest  microscopic  trace  of  its  prog- 
ress. The  cavities  always  appear  in  the  dry 
heart-wood,  and,  though  I  have  diligently 
sought  for  them,  I  have  never  yet  seen  one  in 
the  sap-wood. 

Under  treatment  with  suitable  reagents,  the 
affected  wood  shows  abundant  branching 
threads  of  mycelium  traversing  the  entire  mass. 
Along  with  these  are  found  a  considerable 
number  of  zoospores.  Thus  far  I  have  been 
wholly  unable  to  detect  the  presence  of  any 
germspores.  There  is  abundant  evidence,  in 
my  judgment,  however,  that  these  spores  must 
be  sought  for  among  the  roots  of  the  tree.  Yet 
their  discovery  will  depend,  in  a  great  measure, 
upon  accident,  as  the  germ  may  have  developed, 
fruited  and  disappeared  a  century  before  its 
mycelium  had  finished  its  work.  There  is  as 
yet  no  apparent  law  governing  the  distribution 
of  this  fungus  among  the  trees  of  this  genus. 
As  I  am  informed  by  Messrs.  Towles  &  Co., 
who  have  had  large  experience  with  the  tree,  it 
attacks  equally  well  those  trees  which  grow 
either  in  moist  or  in  dry  soil.  Another  striking 
peculiarity  of  this  fungus,  and  one  wherein  it  is 
an  exception  to  those  previously  mentioned,  is 
to  be  found  in  the  fact  that  when  the  tree  dies 
its  ravages  cease  entirely. 

In  the  cases  of  fungi  destroying  the  Douglass 
spruce  and  the  fir  tree  of  the  Sierras,  before 
mentioned,  we  have  seen  the  fungus  continuing 
its  work  after  the  death  of  the  tree,  and  be- 
coming the  most  active  agent  in  completing  its 
destruction.  In  this  instance,  however,  if  the 
wood  is  not  so  far  honeycombed  as  to  crush 
under  weight,  it  makes  a  durable  railway  tie. 
Again,  if  sufficiently  sound  to  hold  a  nail,  it  is 
as  durable  as  any  kind  of  timber  for  the  pur- 
pose of  fence  posts.  Once  fallen  to  earth,  the 
giants  of  the  forest  bid  defiance  to  every  form 
of  parasitic  growth. 

The  impression  abroad  that  the  damage  done 
by  the  storm  of  December  31st  to  the  Santa 
Barbara  wharf,  materially  interferes  with  the 
loading  of  vesselc,  is  erroneous.  But  little  in- 
convenience to  the  Captain,  and  none  to  passen- 
gers is  experienced,  as  ships  can  come  right  up 
to  the  wharf  inside  of  the  break. 

The  new  overshot  wheel  at  the  Murchie 
mine,  built  by  J.  B.  Flack,  is  7  feet  breast,  125 
feet  in  diameter,  and  runs,  with  150  incheB  of 
water,  a  50-stamp  mill.  It  cost  $2,000,  includ- 
ing housing;  and  as  the  company  has  its  own 
water  for  eight  months  in  the  year,  it  will  effect 
a  saving  of  825  per  day. 

Mr.  J.  S.  Phillips  has  fitted  up  offices,  for 
instruction  in  the  various  departments  of  min- 
ing and  assaying,  at  No.  702  California  street, 
opposite  the  Academy  of  Sciences'  building. 

On  File.— Letter,  accompanying  specimens, 
from  S.  A.  L.,  Long  Valley. 


58 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS, 


[January  25,   187$, 


DEWEY   &   CO. 
American  &  Foreign  Patent  Agents 

OFFICE,  202  SANSOME  St.,  N.E.Cor.  Pine,  S.  F. 

PATENTS  obtained  promptly;  Caveats  filed 
expeditiously  j  Patent  Reissues  taken  out 
Assignments  made  and  recorded  in  legal  form; 
Copies  of  Patents  and  Assignments  procured; 
Examinations  of  Patents  made  here  and  at 
Washington;  Examinations  made  of  Assign- 
ments recorded  in  "Washington;  Examinations 
ordered  and  reported  by  Telegraph;  Rejected 
cases  taken  up  and  Patents  obtained;  Inter 
ferences  Prosecuted;  Opinions  rendered  re 
garding  the  validity  of  Patents  and  Assign- 
ments; Every  legitimate  branch  of  Patent 
Agency  Business  promptly  and  thoroughly 
conducted. 

Our  intimate  knowledge  of  the  various  inven- 
tions of  this  coast,  antl  long  practice  in  patent 
business,  enable  us  to  abundantly  satisfy  our 
patrons;  and  our  success  and  business  are 
constantly  increasing. 

The  shrewdest  and  most  experienced  Inventors 
are  found  among  our  most  steadfast  friends 
and  patrons,  who  fully  appreciate  our  advan- 
tages in  bringing  valuable  inventions  to  the 
notice  of  the  public  through  the  columns  of 
our  widely  circulated,  first-class  journals — 
thereby  facilitating  their  introduction,  sale 
■  and  popularity. 

Foreign  Patents, 

In  addition  to  American.  Patents,  we  secure, 
with  the  assistance  of  co-operative  agents, 
claims  in  all  foreign  countries  which  grant 
Patents,    including    Great    Britain,    France, 

.  Belgium,  Prussia,  Austria,  Baden,  Peru, 
Russia,  Spain,  British  India,  Saxony,  British 
Columbia,  Canada,  Norway,  Sweden,  Mexico, 
Victoria,  Brazil,  Bavaria,  Holland,  Denmark, 
Italy,  Portugal,  Cuba,  Roman  States, 
Wurtemburg,  New  Zealand,  New  South 
Wales,  Queensland,  Tasmania,  Brazil,  New 
Granada,  Chile,  Argentine  Republic,  AND 
EVERY  COUNTRY  IN  THE  WORLD 
where  Patents  are  obtainable. 

No  models  are  required  in  European  countries, 
but  the  drawings  and  specifications  should  be 
prepared  with  thoroughness,  by  able  persons 
who  are  familiar  with  the  requirements  and 
changes  of  foreign  patent  laws— agents  who 
are  reliable  and  permanently  established. 

Our  schedule  price  for  obtaining  foreign  patentSj 
in  all  cases,  will  always  be  as  low,  and  in 

-  some  instances  lower,  than  those  of  any  other 
.  responsible  agency. 

We  can  and  do  get  foreign  patents  for  inventors 
in  the  Pacific  States  from  two  to  six  months 
(according  to  the  location  of  the  country) 
SOONER  than  any  other  agents. 

The  principal  portion  of  the  patent  business  of 
this  coast  has  been  done,  and  is  still  being 
done,  through  our  agency.  We  are  familiar 
with,  and  have  full  records,  of  all  former 
cases,  and  can  more  correctly  judge  of  the 
value  and  patentability  of  inventions  discov- 
ered here  than  any  other  agents. 

Situated  so  remote  from  the  seat  of  government, 
delays  are  even  more  dangerous  to  the  invent- 
ors of  the  Pacific  Coast  than  to  applicants  in 
the  Eastern  States.  Valuable  patents  may  be 
lost  by  extra  time  consumed  in  transmitting 
specifications  from  Eastern  agencies  back  to 
,  this  coast  for  the  signature  of  the  inventor. 

Confidential. 

We  take  great  pains  to  preserve  secrecy  in 
all  confidential  matters,  and  applicants  for 
patents  can  rest  assured  that  their  communi- 
cations and  business  transactions  will  be  held 
strictly  confidential  by  us.     Circulars  free- 

Home    Counsel. 

Our  long  experience  in  obtaining  patents  for 
Inventors  on  this  Coast  has  familiarized  us 
with  the  character  of  most  of  the  inventions 
already  patented;  hence  we  are  frequently 
able  to  save  our  patrons  the  cost  of  a  fruitless 
application  by  pointing  to  them  the  same 
thing  already  covered  by  a  patent.  We  are 
always  free  to  advise  applicants  of  any 
knowledge  we  have  of  previous  applicants 
which  mil  interfere  with  their  obtaining  a 
patent. 

We  invite  the  acquaintance  of  all  parties  con- 
nected with  inventions  and  patent  right  busi- 
ness, believing  that  the  mutual  conference  of 
legitimate  business  and  professional  men  is 
mutual  gain.  Parties  in  doubt  in  regard  to 
their  rights  as  assignees  of  patents  or  pur- 
chasers of  patented  articles,  can  often  receive 
advice  of  importance  to  them  from  a  short  call 
at  our  office. 

Remittances  of  money,  made  by  individual  in- 
ventors to  the  Government,  sometimes  mis- 
carry, and  it  has  repeatedly  happened  that 
applicants  have  not  only  lost  their  money,  but 
their  inventions  also,  from  this  cause  and  eon- 
sequent  delay.  We  hold  ourselves  responsible 
for  all  fees  entrusted  to  our  agency. 

Engravings. 

We  have  superior  artists  in  our  own  office,  and 
all  facilities  for  producing  fine  and  satisfactory 
illustrations  of  inventions  and  machinery,  for 
newspaper,  book,  circular  and  other  printed  il- 
lustrations, and  are  always  ready  to  assist 
patrons  in  bringing  their  valuable  discoveries 
into  practical  and  profitable  use. 

DEWEY    &  CO. 

United  States  and  Foreign  Patent  Agents,  pub- 
lishers Mining  and  Scientific  Press  and  the 
Pacific  Rural  Press,  202  Sansome  St.,  N  E. 
oorner  Pine,   S.  F. 


GOOD    L^IfcTID 


FAVORABLE    LOCATION, 

G-UARANTEEING- 

Sure  Crops  Every   Year. 

The  Reading  Ranch, 

In  the  Upper  Sacramento  Valley,  originally  em- 
bracing over  26,000  acres  of 
Choice  Grain,  Orchard  and  Pasture  Land, 

Is  now  offered  for  sale  at  low  prices  and  on 
favorable  terms  of  payment, 

In  Sub-Divisions  to  Suit  Purchasers. 

The  ranch  was  selected  at  an  early  day  by 
Major  P.  B.  Reading,  one  of  the  largest  pioneer 
and  owners  in  California.  It  is  situated  on 
the  west  side  of  the  Sacramento  Biver  and  ex- 
tends some  20  miles  along  its  bank. 

The  average  rainfall  is  about  30  inches  per 
annum,  and  crops  have  never  been  known  to 
fail  from  drouth. 

The  climate  is  very  healthful  and  compar- 
tively  desirable.  The  near  proximity  of  high 
mountain  peaks  gives  cool  nights    during  the 

heated  terms  "  which  occur  in  our  California 
summers. 

Soft  well  water— remarkably  sweet,  pure  and 
healthy — is  obtainable  at  a  depth  of  from  15  to 
35  feet. 

Wood  is  plentiful  and  easy  to  get. 

Figs,  Grapes,  Peaches,  Prunes,  Almonds,  En- 
glish Walnuts,  Oranges  and  other  temperate 
and  semi-tropical  fruits  can  be  raised  with  suc- 
cess on  most  of  the  tract.  Also,  Vegetables, 
Corn  and  all  other  cereals  ordinarily  grown  in 
the  State. 

A  considerable  amount  of  the  rich  bottom 
land  has  already  been  cultivated. 

Deep  Soil  With  Lasting  Qualities. 

The  soil  throughout  the  tilled  portions  of  the 
ranch  proves  to  be  of  great  depth  and  enduring 
in  its  good  qualities.  It  is  quite  free  from  foul 
growths.  The  virgin  soil  among  the  large  oak 
trees  on  the  bottom  land  is  easily  broken  up 
and  cultivated. 

The  California  and  Oregon  railroad  traverses 
nearly  the  entire  length  of  the  tract.  There 
are  several  sections,  stations  and  switches,  be- 
sides depots  at  the  towns  of  Anderson  and 
Reading — all  of  which  are  located  within  the 
limits  of  tbe  ranch. 

Land  suitable  for  settlers  in  colonies  can  be 
obtained  on  good  terms. 

Are  offered  for  sale  i*  Reading,  situated  on  the 
Sacramento  River,  at  the  present  terminus  of 
the  railroad.  It  is  tbe  converging  and  distrib- 
uting point  for  large,  prosperous  mining  and 
agricultural  districts  in  Northern  California  and 
Southern  Oregon.  Also,  lots  in  the  town  o 
Anderson,  situated  more  centrally  on  the 
ranch.  Lots  in  both  these  towns  are  offered 
at  a  bargain,  for  the  purpose  of  building  up  the 
towns  and  facilitating  settlement  of  the  ranch. 

Purchasers  are  invited  to  come  and  see  the 
lands  before  buying  here  or  elsewhere.  Apply 
on  the  ranch,  to  the  proprietor, 

EDWARD  FRISBIE, 
Anderson,  Shasta  Co.,  Gal. 


Pocket  Map  of  California  and  Nevada. 

Compiled  from  the  latest  authentic  sources,  by  Chas. 
Drayton  Gibbs,  C.  E.  This  map  comprises  information 
obtained  from  the  U.  S.  Coast  and  Land,  Whitney's  State 
Geological,  and  Railroad  Surve3's;  and  from  the  results  of 
explorations  made  by  R.  S.  Williamson,  U.  S.  A.,  Henry 
Degroot,  C.  D.  Gibbs  and  others.  The  Bcale  is  18  miles  to 
1  inch.  It  gives  the  Judicial  and  U.  S.  Land  Districts. 
It  distinguishes  the  Townships  and  their  subdivisions;  the 
County  Seats;  The  Military  Posts;  the  Railroads  built  and 
proposed,  and  the  limits  of  some  of  them;  the  occurrence 
of  g-old,  silver,  copper,  quicksilver,  tin,  coal  and  oil.  It 
has  a  section  showing  the  nights  of  the  principal  moun- 
tains. The  boundaries  are  clear  and  unmistakable,  and 
the^print  good.  1S7S.  Sold  by  DEWEY  &  CO.  Price, 
postpaid,  ij?2;  to  subscribers  of  this  journal,  until  further 
notice,  SI. 


California  Steam  Navigation  Co. 

The  Steamers 

ALICE  GARRATT  and  CITY  OF  STOCKTON 

LEAVE  SAN  FRANCISCO 

DAILY  (Sundays  excepted)  at  5  p.    m.  ,  from  Washington 

Street  Wharf,  near  foot  of  Market  street. 

LEAVE  STOCKTON 

DAILY    (Sundays    excepted)    at    A    p.    M. 

T.  C.  WALKER,  G.  A.  CARLETON, 

President.  Secretary 


IB  TT  Y  IE  IR, 

—AMD— 

COMMISSIONJERCHANT. 

The  undersigned,  after  an  experience  of  forty  years  in  the 
Grocery  Business,  has  opened  an  office  at  No  24  CALIFOR- 
NIA STREET,  comer  Drumm,  for  buying  and  selling:  all 
kinds  of  Goods.  Parties  throughout  the  States  and  Territo- 
ries wishing  an  Agent  in  this  Market  for  the  transaction  of 
then-  business,  by  entrusting  the  same  to  me,  I  can  have 
special  rates  made,  with  full  guarantee  of  satisfaction,  or  no 
charge  for  services. 

With  twenty-five  years'  experience  in  this  Market,  I  think 
I  can  suit  one  and  all,  both  as  a  buyer  and  seller.  All  I  ask 
is  a  trial.  I  will  also  have  a  Ladies'  Department,  under  the 
management  of  a  lady  of  experience  and  taste,  who  will  fill 
all  orders  for  your  wives  and  daughters.  Orders  for  this 
this  Department  should  be  endorsed:  "For  Lady  Buyer." 

All  parties  ordering  will  be  required  to  send  funds  with 
order  or  satisfactory  reference.    Respectfully, 

WHEELER   MARTIN, 
24  California  Street,  San  Francisco. 

REFERS    BY    PERMISSION. 

Rountree  &  McClure 404  Front  Street. 

J.  M.  Pike  &  Co 101  and  103  California  Street 

Marcus  C.  Hawley  &  Co Coiner  Market  and  Beale  Sts. 

Cutting  Packing  Co 17  to  41  Main  Street. 

W.  W.  Montague  &  Co 112  to  120  Battery  Street. 

E.  Martin  &  Co 408  Front  Street. 

Wellman,  Peck  &  Co 416  and  418  Front  Street. 

Wheaton  &  Luhi-s 219  Front  Street. 

Deming,  Palmer  &  Co, 202  and  204  Davis  Street. 

Amies  &  Dallam 115  and  117  Front  Street. 


WATER  TANKS  of  any  capacity  made  entirely 
by  machinery.  Materials  the  beat  In  use;  construction  not 
excelled.  Pan  Staves,  Tubs  and  Oak  Guides  foi 
mining  purposes  a  specialty. 

WELLS,    RUSSELL    &    CO., 
Mechanics'   Mills,    Cor.    Mission    and    Fremont  Streets. 


CAUTION 

To  Hydraulic  Miners. 

The  public  generally  and  Hydraulic  Miners  especially 
are  hereby  notified  that  any  parties  making  or  using  the 
contrivance  known  as  the  HOSKIN  DEFLECTOR  will  be 
prosecuted  to  the  full  extent  of  the  law,  said  machine 
having  been  declared  by  the  U,  S.  Circuit  Court  an  in- 
fringement upon  my  patent,  the 

Bloomfield  Deflecting  Nozzle. 

The  public  are  also  cautioned  against  using  the  Hoskin 
Deflector  because  of  its  danger  to  life  and  limb,  this  de- 
vice having  already  occasioned  several  deaths  and  other 
serious  accidents.  The  BLOOMFIELD  DEFLECTOR  is 
entirely  safe,  its  two  and  a  half  years  use  without  acci- 
dent, as  well  as  its  construction,  proves  it  to  be  a  reliable 
contrivance. 

Any  parties  wishing  to  purchase  the  right  to  use  these 
Deflectors  can  do  so  by  applying  to  the  undersigned, 

HENRY  C.  PERKINS, 
North  Bloomfield,  Nevada  Co.,  Cil.,  Octo- 
ber 1st,  1878. 


FOB    SALE. 


SEVERAL  SECOND-HAND 

PORTABLE   ENGINES, 

FOR  S-ALE  CHEAP. 

Sizes,  from  eight   horse-power   to  twenty-five  horse- 
power.   IN  PERFECT  RUNNING  ORDER.    Apply  to 

JOSEPH  ENRIGHT, 

San  Jose,  California. 


Mining  and  Assaying  Offices, 


504 


Washington  St., 
SAN  FRANCISCO. 


JHH^U-  «S»YEA  »  METALLURGY 


The    Explorers',  Miners'  &    Metallurgists'  Companion, 

672  pages,  83  Illustrations,  (2d.  Edition.)  Price.. $  10.50 

The  Prospector's  Patented  "Wee  Put" Aasaycr...  100.00 

The  Testing  machine  for  Gold,  Silver,  Lead,  Etc. .    40.00 

Cabinet  of  Fluxes  etc.,  for  these  machines 20.00 

Pocket  Laboratory  for  Blowpipista 50.00 

Vest  Pocket  Blowpipe 3.00 

CHARGES.— Assaying.  S3;  Testing,    §2  per  metal. 


Prompt  and  Successful. — Messrs.  Dewey  &  Co: — Gci- 
tlemen:  Your  Circular  letter,  12th  inst.,  informing  me  of 
successful  termination  of  my  applicatiou  for  patent  re- 
ceived. Please  accent  thanks  for  the  prompt  and  suc- 
cessful manner  in  which  you  have  managed  this  business 
Yours  respectfully,  J.  H.  Cayahaugh. 

Walla  Walla,  Dee.  24th. 


dIi»  bifectory. 


WM.    BART&ING.  HENRY  KIMBALL 

BARTLING-    &    KIMBALL, 
BOOKBINDERS, 

Paper  Rulers  &  Blank  Book  Manufacturers* 
505  Clay  Street,(southwest  corner  Sansome), 

SAN'  FRANCISCO. 


Lewis  Peterson. 


John  Olsson. 


PETERSON   &  OLSSON, 

Model  Makers,  and  Manufacturers  of  Em- 
blematic Signs.    Models  for  the  Patent 
Office,  in  Wood  or  Metal,  a  Specialty, 

NO-   328   BUSH   STREET, 

Bet.  Montgomery  and  Kearny,  (up  stairs),  San  Francisco, 
All  kinds  of  tin,  copper  and  brass  work  made  to  order. 


San  Francisco  Cordage  Company. 

Established    1856. 

We  have  just  added  a  large  amount  of  new  machinery  of 
the  latest  and  most  improved  kind,  and  are  again  prepared 
to  fill  orders  for  Hope  of  any  special  lengths  and  sizes.  Con- 
stantly on  hand  a  large  stock  of  Manila  Rope,  all  sizes: 
Tarred  Manila  Rope;  Hay  Rope;  "Whale  Line,  etc ,  etc. 
TUBBS  &  CO., 
611  and  613  Front  Street,  San  Francisco 


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MANUFACTURED  BY 


ZE3I.   E/OYBE/, 

Nos.  865,  857,  859  &  861  Bryant  Street,  Cor.  Park  Avenue 
SAN    FRANCISCO. 


Mcdonald  &  Johnson's 

STYLOGRAPH, 

— OR— 

Rapid  Letter  Copying  Books, 

Making-  Instantaneous  Copying  samo  moment  of  Writing-, 
without  Pen,  Ink,  Pencil,  or  Copying  Press,  each  com 
plete,  in  all  sizes, 

From  75   Cents  to  $4.50. 

Address,  STYLOGRAPH    CO., 

12  California  St.,  San  Francisco. 


Awarded  highest  prize  at  Centennial  Exposition  for 
jhie  chewing  qualities  and  excellence  and  lasting  char- 
acter of  sweetening  and  /favoring.  The  best  tobacco 
ever  made.  As  bur  blue  strip  trHde-mnrk  is  closely 
Imitated  on  inferior  goods,  see  that  Jackson's  Best  la 
on  every  plug.  Sold  by  all  dealers.  Send  for  sample, 
free,  to  O.  A.  Jackson  &  Co.,  Mfrn.,  Petersburg,  m 

L.  &  E.  WEBTHHEIMBB,  Agr'ts.San  Francisco. 


January  25,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


59 


Metallurgy  apd  Dreg, 

Nevada    Metallurgical    Works, 

No   23   STEVENSON  STREET. 
Near  First  *n<)  Market  Slroeta. 

Ores  worked  by  any  process. 

Ores  sampled. 

Assaying  in  all  its  branches. 

Analysis  of  Ores,  Minerals,  Waters,  etc. 

\\ 'uKKINii  TKami  MADE. 

Plana  furni.-Oicil  tor  tlie  most  suitable  process 
Id  working  Ores. 

BpeoiaJ  Attention  paid  to  Examinations  of 
Mini -;  plana  and  reports  furnished. 

E.  HUHN, 

C.  A.  LUCKHARDT, 
Mining:  Engineers  and  Metallurgists 

JOHN  TAYLOR  &  CO., 

Ini)">rU-rB  uf  ami  Dealers  In 

ASSAYERS'   MATERIALS, 

CHEMICAL  APPARATUS  AND  CHEMICALS,  DRUG- 
GISTS' GLASSWARE  AND  SUNDRIES,  Etc. 

512  &  518  Washington  St.,  San  Francisco 

Wo  would  call  the  special  attention  of  Assayers,  Chem- 
ists, Mining  (-'Diiijiaiik-*,  Milling  Cuinpuiiius,  ProMpectors, 
etc,  to  our  slock  of  Clay  Crucibles,  Muffles,  Dry  Cups, 
etc.,  manufactured  bj  the  Patent  Plumbago  Cruci- 
ble Co.,  of  London,  England,  for  which  wo  have 

been  nutde  Sol,'  .l;/e/i[\/»r  thn    Pacific    CotUt      Circulars 

with  prima  «rfll  be  sent  upon  application. 
Also,  to  our  large  and  well  adapted  stock  of 

Assayers'  Materials  &  Chemical  Apparatus, 

Having'  been  engaged   in  furnishing  these  supplies  since 
tliu  firnt  discovery  of  mines  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 

larOur  Gnld  and  Silver  Tables,  showing  the  value  per 
ounce  Troy  at  different  degrees  of  fineness,  and  valuable 
tables  for  computation  of  assays  in  grains  and  grammes, 
will  be  sent  free  upon  application. 

JOHN    TAYLOR    &    CO. 


LEOPOLD   KUH, 

(Formerly  of  the  U.  S.  Branch  Mint,  S._  F.) 

Assayer    and    Metallurgical    Chemist, 

No.  611  COMMERCIAL  STREET, 
(Between  Montgomery  aud  Kearny,) 

San  Francisco,  Cal. 


OTTOKAR  HOFMANN, 
METALLURGIST  and  MINING  ENGINEER, 

415  Mission  St.,  bet.  First  and  Fremont  Streets, 
SAN    FRANCISCO. 
£3rErection  of  Leaching    Works  a  Specialty. 
jtSTLeachimr  Tests  made. 


TKOS.   PRICE'S 

Assay    Office    and    Chemical 
Laboratory, 

524  Sacramento  St.,  S.  F. 


G.  F.  Dkktkkn-.  Wm.  E.  Smith, 

PIONEER    REDUCTION   WORKS, 

No.  19  Channel  Street,   San  Francisco,  Cal 
G,  F.  DEETKEN,  MANAGER. 

Hghest  price  paid  for  GOLD,  SILVER  and  Copper  Ores. 


METALLURGICAL    WORKS, 
STRONG    &    CO.,   10  Stevenson   Street, 

ORES  SAMPLED,  TESTED,  ASSAYED. 


"FZR^ZKTCIS   SMITH  &c  CO., 

MANUFACTURERS    OF 

THE  PATENT  CHANNEL  IRON  WHEELBARROWS, 


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The  Strongest  Barrow  Made.  These  Barrows  ore  mado  by  Superior  Workmen,  and  of  the  best  material. 
All  sizes  kept  constantly  on  hand. 

Lap-Welded  Pipe,  all  Sizes,  from  Three  to  Six  Inches.  Artesian  Well  Pipe.  Also,  Gal- 
vanized Iron  Boilers,  from  Twenty-five  to  One  Hundred  Gallons. 

Iron  Cut,  Punched,  and  Fanned  for  making  pipe  on  ground,  where  required.  All  kinds  of  tools  supplied  for 
making  pipe.  Estimates  given  when  required.  Are  prepared  for  coating  all  size  of  pipes  with  a  composition  of 
Coal  'i'ur  and  Asphaltum. 

Office  and  Manufactory,  130  BEALE  STREET,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


In  consequence  of  spurious  imitations  of 

LEA    AND     PERRINS'    SAUCE, 

which  are  calculated  to  deceive  the  Public,  Lea  and  Pcrrins 
have  adopted  A  NEW  LABEL,  bearing  their  Signature, 


thus. 


dLeasC&tr. 


•which  is  placed  on  eve"y  bottle  of  WORCESTERSHIRE 
SA  UCE,  and  without  which  none  is  genuine. 

Ask  for  LEA&  PERRINS'  Sauce,  and  see  Name  on  Wrapper,  Label,  Bottle  and  Stopper. 
Wholesale  and  for  Export  by  the  Proprietors,  Worcester  ;  Crosse  a?id  Blackwell,  London 
<5rY\,  cVtr.  /  and  by  Grocers  and  Oilmen  throi'-hout  the  Wo  Id. 

To  be  obtained  of  CROSS  &  CO..  San  Francisco. 


SAVE    YOUR    GOLD! 


Highly  Important  to  Miners  and  Quartz  Mill  Men! 

o 

SILVER  PLATED  COPPER  AMALGAMATING  PLATES. 

The  BEST  PROCESS  yet  discovered  for    SAVING  FINE  GOLD.     Extensively  used  in 
Mines  and  Quartz  Mills.     Over  five  hundred  orders  have  been  filled  for  these  Plates. 

SAN  FRANCISCO  GOLD,  SILVER,  NICKEL  AND  COPPER  PLATING  WORKS, 

Nos.  653  and  655  Mission  Street,  San  Francisco. 

E.    G.    DENNISTON, PROPRIETOR. 


GU  I  DO     KUSTEL, 

MINING  ENGINEER  and  METALLURGIST. 

P.    O     Address:    ALAMEDA.     CAL. 

Contents  of  Pamphlet  on  Public  Lands  of 
California,  U.  S.  Land  Laws,  Map  of 
California  and  Nevada,  Etc. 

Map  of  California  and  Nevada ;  The  Public 
Lands;  The  Land  Districts;  Table  of  Rainfall  in  Cafifor- 
nia;  Counties  and  Their  Products;  Statistics  of  the  State 
at  Large. 

Instructions  of  trie  TJ.  S.  Land  Commis- 
sioners.—Different  Classes  of  Public  Lands;  How  Lands 
may  be  Acquired;  Fees  of  Land  Office  at  Location;  Agri- 
cultural College  Scrip;  Pre-emptions;  Extending  the 
Homestead  Privilege;  But  Oi*e  Homestead  Allowed;  Proof 
of  Actual  Settlement  Necessary;  Adjoining  Farm  Home- 
Bteads;  Lands  for  Soldiers  and  Sailors;  Lands  for  Indians; 
Fees  of  Land  Office  and  Commissions;  Laws  to  Promote 
Timber  Culture;  Concerning  Appeals;  Returns  of  the  Reg- 
ister and  Receiver;  Concerning  Mining  Claims;  Second 
Preemption  Benefit. 

Abstract  from  the  TJ.  S.  Statutes— The  Law 
Concerning  Pre-emption;  Concerning  Homesteads;  Amend- 
atory Act  Concerning  Timber;  Miscellaneous  Provision?: 
Additional  Surveys;  Land  for  Pre-emption;  List  of  Cal' ; 
ornia  Post  Offices.     Price,  post  paid,  50  cts. 

Published  and  sold  bv  DEWEY  &  CO.,  S.  F 


^::$:::}:.,}  *****—***»  |  *"£■** 


MACHINERY,  BUILDINGS,  PORTRAITS,  LANDSCAPES,   TRADE-MARKS,  LABELS,  SEALS,  MONOGRAMS,  etc 

>^  DBH6R ID    Alffl    imniAnm%f< 

Wis »-* 

IN     THE     HIGHEST     STYLE     OF     THE     ART. 

DEWEY      &      CO., 

Publishers  and  Patont  Agents. 


Boswell  Pure  Air  Heater  Company 


OF    CALIFORNIA. 


Take  the  Paper  that  stands  by  your  In- 
terests. 


Eugene  L.  Sullivan,  Pres't.      T.  C.  Winchell,  Vice-Pres't.      S.  R.  Lippincott,  Sec'y 

Authorized  Capital,  $100,000.     Cash  Capital,  paid  up,  ?32,000. 


Manufacture  and  have  for  sale  any  size  or  capacity 


Boswell's  Patent  Combined  Cooker,  Heater  and  Drier. 

ALSO,    BOSWELL'S    COMMERCIAL    FRUIT    DRIER. 

ALSO,    BOSWELL'S    VENTILATING    HEATER 

Office,  606  Montgomery  Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


D.  M.  DUNNE. 


J.  SANDERSON 


D    F.  HUTCHINGS. 

IFHICEILTIIX    OIL    -WOIR/IECS, 

HUTCHINGS    &     CO., 

OIL    and    COMMISSION    MERCHANTS, 

Manufacturers  and  Dealers  In  Sperm,  Whale,  Lard,  Machinery  and  Illuminating  Oils. 
517    FRONT   STREET     SAN    FRANCISCO. 


Jtochinejy. 


PACIFIC  MACHINERY  DEPOT. 

H.    P.    GREGORY    &    CO., 

Cor.  California  St.  Market  Streets,  S.  F.  Cal 

Importers  of  and  Dealers  in 

Machinery  of  all  Descriptions. 

SOLE  AGENTS  FOK  PACIFIC  COAST  FOB 

J.  A.  Fay  &  Co.'s  Woodworking  Machinery, 

Bement  &  Sons'  Machinists'  Tools, 

Blake's  Patent  Steam  Pumps, 

N.  Y.  Belting  &  Packing  Co.'s  Rubber  Goods 

Sturtevant  Blowers  and  Exhaust  Fans, 

Tanite  Co.'s  Emery  Wheels  and  Machinery 

Payne's  Vertical  Engines  and  Boilers, 

Judson's  Standard  Governors, 

Dreyfus'  Self  Oilers, 

Gould  Manufacturing  Co.'s  Hand  Pumps, 

Piatt's  Patent  Fuse  Lighters, 

Lovejoy's  Planer  Knives. 

A     KILL     LINK   OP 

Belting,  Packing,  Hose,  and  Other 
MiU  and  Mining  Supplies  on  Hand. 

jtarSend  (or  Illustrated  Catalogue. 


THOMSON    &   EVANS, 

(Successors  to  Thomson  Sl  Parker.) 

Engineers  and  Machinists. 


Steam  Pumps,  Steam  Engines,  Hoisting, 

Pumping,  Quartz  Mill,  Mining,  Saw 

Mill   Machinery,   Specialties. 

PlanB  and  Specifications  for  Machinery  furnished.    Re- 
pairing  promptly  attended  to. 

110  &  112  Beale  St.,  San  Francisco. 

Established  1844. 

JOSEPH    C.    TODD, 
ENGINEER 


MACHINIST. 

Flax,  Hemp,  Jute,  Rope,  Oakum 
and  Bagging  Machinery,  Steam  En- 
gines, Boilers,  etc,  I  also  manufac- 
ture Baxter's  New  Portable 
Engine  of  1877,  of  one  horse-pow- 
er, complete  for  9125;  can  be  seen  in 
operation  at  my  store.  Two  horse- 
power, $225;  two  and  a  half  horse- 
power, $250;  three  horse-power, 
$275.  Send  for  descriptive  circular 
and  price. 

Address  J.  C.  TODD, 

10  Barclay  Street  N.  Y.,  or  Patterson,  N.  J 


BERRY  &  PLACE, 

—  SAN  FRANCISCO, CAL.- — 

I CIRCULARS  SENT  FREE  TO-ALL.  _ 


THE  IMPROVED  O'HARRA 

OHLOKIDIZING  FUKNAOE. 

Patented  Sept.  10th,  1878. 

Now  In  Operation  at  the  Extra  Mining  Co.'s 
Works,  Copper  City,  Shasta  Co.,  Cal. 

Two  men  and  two  cords  of  wood  roast 

Forty  Tons  of  Ore  in  Twenty-four  Hours, 

Giving  a  full  chlorination  (100%)  at  a  coat  of  30  cents  per 
on.     Address, 

-       O'HARRA    &    FERGUSON, 
Furnaceville,  Shasta  Co.,  Cttl 

Or  CHAS.  W.  CRANE,  Agent, 

Room  10,  Safe  Deposit  Building,  San  Francisco. 


507  Mechanical  Movements. 

Every  mechanic  Should  have  a  copy  of  Brown's  507  Me 
chanical  Movements,  illustrated  and  described.  Inventors, 
model  makers  and  amateur  mechanics  and  Btudents,  will 
find  the  work  valuable  far  beyond  its  coBt.  Sold  by 
Dewby  &  Co.,  Patent  Agents  and  publishers  of  MINIMI 
and  Scibktific  Presb,  San  Francisco.  Price,  $1,  (po«t  paid. 


60 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[January  25,   1879. 


Continued  from  page  53. 


duced  as  it  was  from  ore  which  was  taken  from 
the  lowest  levels  of  the  company's  mine,  it 
proves  that  the  deeper  we  eo  the  more  gold  the 
ore  contains.  The  Winthrop  company  are 
pushing  their  tunnel  into  the  mountain  as  fast 
as  possible,  and  when  they  cut  their  ledge  at 
this  depth  you  may  look  for  a  general  jubilee  in 
Copper  City,  as  it  is  well  known  that  this  mine 
contains  the  richest  ore  ever  found  in  this  dis- 
trict. 
TRINITY. 

Returned. — Journal,  Jan.  17:  E.  B.  Bar- 
num,  of  Taylor's  Flat,  accompanied  by  Archie 
McDonald  and  the  latter's  son,  returned  from 
San  Francisco  last  week.  Mr.  Barnum  thinks 
he  will  be  able  to  dispose  of  his  mining  property 
to  the  company  that  has  lately  been  contem- 
plating its  purchase. 

Mining  affairs  are  entirely  frozen  up  and  con- 
sequently stagnant.     More  storm   and   an   old- 
fashioned  January  thaw  are  needed   to  make 
mining  operations  active. 
TUOLUMNE. 

,  The  Marks  &  Darrow  Mine.—  Independent, 
Jan.  18:  We  were  recently  shown  some  ex- 
ceedingly rich  ore  from  this  mine  by  one  of  the 
Darrow  brothers,  the  gold  being  disseminated 
throughout  the  quartz;  the  quartz  being  a  fine 
quality  and  taken  from  different  parts  of  the 
mine.  We  have  visited  the  property  several 
times,  and  our  opinion  has  never  changed  to 
disfavor,  as  it  has  all  the  indications  of  perma- 
nency and  great  wealth.  The  mine  is  located 
on  the  mother  lode,  well  defined,  with  number- 
less rich  feeders  which  will  pay  handsomely  to 
work.  It  is  not  one  of  the  mines  of  short  con- 
tinuance, for  Gen.  Darrow  aud  his  sons,  who 
were  the  discoverers  and  locators,  have  worked 
it  for  many  years;  and  when  the  old  General 
wanted  a  political  stake,  or  "grub"  money,  he 
would,  with  the  assistance  of  the  boys,  go  to 
pounding  in  hand-mortars,  and  in  this  manner 
they  have  taken  out  thousands  of  dollars.  It  is 
located  in  a  rich  mining  section;  the  gulches, 
canyons,  creeks  and  ravines  have  proven  to  be 
immensely  rich  in  the  region  from  the  grinding 
down  of  these  common  carriers  of  gold.  Tuo- 
lumne has  been  one  of  the  richest  placer  mining 
counties  in  the  State,  and  as  it  has  been  proven 
that  quartz  is  the  mother  of  gold,  it  therefore 
augurs  well  for  our  numerous  quartz  ledges.  If 
capital  would  take  hold  of  a  few  such  mines  in 
our  county  it  would  infuse  new  life  to  our 
camps  and  bring  prosperity  to  every  one. 

YUBA- 

Tunnels. — Nevada  City  Herald,  Jan.  IS: 
The  Yuba  River  mining  company  have  run  a 
tunnel  300  fee^t  under  the  river  at  Long  Bar, 
and  struck  gravel  which  pays  $3  to  the  pan. 
This  is  the  pioneer  mining  enterprise  of  what 
promises  to  be  a  success  in  reaching  the  beds  of 
the  present  river  channels.  The  following 
claims  are  located  for  that  purpose  along  the 
Yuba  river  :  Yuba,  Long  Bar,  West  Point, 
Nichols'  claim,  Olmstead,  North  Star,  Sand 
Flat,  Ohio  and  Tennessee.  These  companies 
are  all  corporations,  and  the  larger  fpart  of  the 
stock  is  held  in  Grass  Valley.  There  are  many 
places  under  the  late  river  channels  which  have 
never  been  worked.  The  tailings  from  the 
larger  mining  operations  above  coming  down  and 
covering  them  up.  Formerly  miners  tried  work- 
ing these  places  by  wingdams  and  other  contri- 
vances to  turn  the  water  when  it  was  low,  but 
the  debris  has  become  so  deep  that  it  took  near- 
ly all  summer  to  get  down  where  the  good  pay 
was,  and  then  the  high  water  would  come  and 
wash  away  the  dams  and  till  up  the  holes  so  that 
the  same  work  would  need  to  be  repeated  each 
summer,  and  the  gravel  has  become  so  deep  in 
the  modern  river  beds  that  it  made  the  seasons 
too  short  to  enable  advantageous  work.  Now  a 
shaft  is  sunk  on  the  bank  and  tunnels  are  run 
under  the  river  bed,  in  search  of  the  pay  gravel. 

NEVADA. 
WASHOE  DISTRICT. 

Sierra  Nevada.—  Gold  Hill  News,  Jan.  22: 
The  foundations  .for  the  new  air  compressor  are 
completed  ready  for  the  machinery.  The  dia- 
mond drill  in  the  face  of  the  north  drift  on  the 
2200  level  has  penetrated  a  distance  of  250  feet 
without  finding  more  than  a  very  slight  flow  of 
water.  The  drill  has  been  taken  out  and  the 
drift  again  started  up.  It  will  be  now  pushed 
directly  ahead  to  connect  with  the  east  drift 
from  the  1700  level.  Sinking  the  main  incline 
is  making  steady  progress,  the  bottom  still  be- 
ing in  the  same  favorable  character  of  cap  rock 
heretofore  described.  It  is  now  down  151  feet 
on  the  slope  below  the  2200  station,  and  will 
have  only  about  16  feet  further  to  go  to  reach 
the  2300  level. 

Crown  Point.— The  east  drift  from  the 
winze  on  the  2300  level  is  in  to-day  462  feet 
the  face  still  in  very  favorable  vein  matter.  The 
vein  at  this  point  has  great  width,  there  being 
no  signs  whatever  of  the  east  wall  as  yet.  The 
entire  stratification  of  the  rock  lying  next  to 
and  west  of  the  ore  vein  on  this  level  appears 
to  be  straightening  up  and  assuming  a  more 
perpendicular  strike. 

Con.- Imperial.— The  south  incline  winze, 
below  the  2400  level,  has  reached  a  depth  of 
2600  feet,  at  which  point  a  station  is  being 
cut  out  preparatory  to  running  drifts  both  north 
and  south  on  the  ore  vein. 

Gould  &  Curry.— Crosscuts  Nos.  2,  3  and  4 
-east,  on  the  1900  level,  are  all  making  good 
headway,  without  any  change  of  value  to  re- 
port. A  joint  crosscut  west  has  been  started 
from  the  bottom  of  the  joint  Savage  winze. 

Best  &  Belcher.— Sinking  the  Osbiston  shaft 


has  made  slow  headway  during  the  past  week 
on  account  of  the  continuous  flow  of  water. 
The  new  hoisting  engine  is  working  finely. 

Overman. — Everything  in  and  about  the 
mine  is  working  finely. 

Ophir.— Daily  yield,  75  tons  of  ore.  The 
stopes  on  both  the  1900  and  2000  levels  con- 
tinue to  yield  rich  ore. 

Justice. — A  large  supply  of  ore  has  been  ex- 
tracted and  delivered  at  the  mill  ready  to  crush 
when  needed. 

California. — Daily  yield,  340  tons  of  ore. 
This  ore  is  being  extracted  from  the  1750  and 
1650  levels.  The  ore  is  of  a  good  quality,  and 
the  stopes  continue  to  look  well.  Another 
large  lift  pump  is  being  put  in  at  the  2150  sta- 
tion. As  soon  as  that  is  completed,  which  will 
be  in  six  or  seven  days,  sinking  the  C.  &  C. 
shaft  will  be  resumed. 

Chollar^ Combination  Shaft.  —  The  new 
pumps  have  been  running  the  greater  part  of 
the  week  pumping  water  into  the  Sutro  tunnel. 
Everything  working  with  the  greatest  perfec- 
tion. 

Belcher.— The  south  drift  on  the  2360  level 
is  being  pushed  rapidly  ahead.  It  is  now  in 
544  feet.  The  east  drift  at  the  2560  station  is 
being  pushed  rapidly  ahead,  the  face  in  west 
country  rock  that  blasts  out  and  works  well. 

Bullion. — The  north  drift  on  the  2000  level 
is  making  good,  progress  and  will  complete  a 
connection  with  the  main  incline  in  three  or 
four  days  more.  The  face  is  in  a  mixture  of 
quartz  and  porphyry  of  a  fine  character. 

North  Consolidated  Virginia. — The  new 
machinery  for  the  mine  is  beginning  to  arrive 
by  the  car-load,  and  will  all  be  on  the  ground 
ready  to  place  in  a  very  short  time. 

Hale  &  Norcross. — The  week  has  been 
mostly  spent  in  putting  in  the  connecting  sta- 
tion at  the  combination  shaft,  running  drifts 
and  sinking  a  winze  at  that  point  to  connect 
with  the  water  tank  30  feet  below  the  station, 
laying  pipes  and  getting  ready  generally  for 
sending  a  flood  of  hot  water  through  the  Sutro 
tunnel. 

Con.  Virginia. — Daily  yield,  80  tons  of  ore, 
which  is  being  reduced  as  it  is  extracted.  This 
ore  is  taken  mostly  from  the  1500  and  1400 
levels.  The  west  drift  on  the  2150  level  is  in 
147  feet,  the  face  in  hard  blasting  porphyry. 
A  new  lift  pump  is  being  put  in  at  the  2150 
station.  As  soon  as  that  is  completed,  sinking 
the  main  shaft  will  be  resumed. 

Julia  Con. — Repairing  the  main  south  drift 
on  the  1800  level  is  making  better  progress,  the 
drift  being  less  caved,  and  the  necessary  re- 
pairs consequently  much  lighter.  The  heat  in 
this  drift  is  intense,  being  so  great  at  times  that 
it  is  all  the  most  hardened  of  miners  can  do  to 
stand  it. 

Sutro  Tunnel. — Owing  to  the  great  heat  the 
progress  of  the  south  lateral  branch  toward  the 
Julia  shaft  is  somewhat  retarded,  but  it  ought 
to  reach  and  connect  with  the  shaft  in  the 
course  of  a  week  or  10  days.  Nothing  definite 
can  be  said  regarding  the  use  of  the  main  tunnel 
as  a  drain  for  the  mines  until  pending  negotia- 
tions can  be  concluded  between  the  mining  com- 
panies and  the  tunnel  company. 

Yellow  Jacket. — The  new  shaft  is  now 
down  3192  feet;  ground  hard,  but  working  well. 
No  water  to  interfere. 

Savage.— On  the  2100  level  the  south  drift 
from  the  bottom  of  the  north,  winze  is  steadily 
advancing,  with  the  face  in  a  fine,  favorable 
character  of  quartz  and  vein  matter. 

Utah. — The  new  powerful  hoisting  engine 
will  be  in  readiness  to  start  in  15  days  more,  if 
no  unusual  delay  occurs. 

ARIZONA. 

Coal. — Sentinel,  Jan.  18:  The  discovery  is 
reported  of  coal  beds  in  the  northwestern  part 
of  the  State  of  Sonora,  at  no  great  distance  from 
the  southern  boundary  of  Yuma  county.  We 
have  before  heard  similar  reports,  but  investi- 
gation proved  the  mineral  to  be  obsidian  in  one 
case  and  cobalt  in  another.  This  time,  how- 
ever, the  discovery  of  genuine  coal  is  announced 
by  parties  who  are  competent  judges  of  the 
article,  and  who  claim  to  have  proved  its  char- 
acter by  combustion. 

The  Enterprise  mine,  Pinal  mountain,  owned 
by  Tweed  &  Hale,  shows  a  five-foot  vein.  The 
approximate  value  for  the  whole  width  is  about 
$150;  the  assays  from  $40  to  $500  per  ton.  The 
shaft  is  now  down  43  feet. 

COLORADO. 

San  Juan.—  Leadville  Eclipse,  Jan.  2:  One 
of  the  most  successful  furnaces  in  Colorado  is 
that  of  the  Norfolk  &,  Ouray  company,  at  Ouray, 
in  San  Juan.  The  operations  of  the  company 
were  commenced  in  the  summer  of  1S76,  by  M. 
S.  Corbett,  who  is  Superintendent.  A  few 
weeks  since  the  company  purchased  for  $75,- 
000  the  very  valuable  property,  at  Ouray, 
known  as  the  Begole  mineral  farm.  The  con- 
struction of  the  furnaces  were  put  under  the 
charge  of  W.  H.  Strout.  With  25  men  at  work 
on  the  mineral  farm  it  is  expected  to  run  the 
entire  winter  with  that  ore  and  what  is  now  on 
hand  from  the  other  mines  of  the  company. 
The  capital  for  the  building  of  the  furnace  and 
the  purchase  of  the  mines  has  been  furnished  by 
parties  at  Norfolk,  Va.  It  is  expected  that  the 
profits  for  the  first  year  in  which  the  furnace 
will  be  run  will  be  sufficient  to  reimburse  the 
outlay.  The  mines  and  furnaces  are  valued  at 
$2,000,000. 

Leadville. — In  the  first  year  of  its  existence 
Leadville  yielded  nearly  £$4,000,000— from  30 
mines  situated  within  a  space  of  two  miles 
square.  A  smelting  company  has  organized  in 
Illinois  for  the  purpose  of   treating    Leadville 


ores,  and  through  an  agent  have  secured  six 
acres  of  laud  on  the  Oro  company's  placer 
ground  at  the  west  end  of  the  town,  on  which 
to  erect  buildings. 

IDAHO. 

Salmon  Falls.  — Cor.  Salt  Lake  Tribune, 
Jan.  5:  We  have  a  'district  formed  here  called 
the  Salmon  Falls  mining  district,  running  from 
the  mouth  of  the  Malad  to  Payne's  Ferry,  tak- 
ing both  sides  of  the  river  for  four  or  five  miles. 
Mr.  Davis,  who  is  superintendent  of  the  Cave 
&  Davis  bar,  at  the  falls,  has  his  machine  al- 
most finished,  and  expects  to  commence  opera- 
tions about  New  Years.  Morrow,  of  the  Mor- 
row &  Jacob's  bar,  is  here  getting  things  ready 
on  their  claim,  and  digging  a  ditch  to  put  up 
plates  as  soon  as  the  road  opens  in  the  spring. 
There  are  two  other  districts  formed  on  the 
river,  one  above,  reaching  to  the  famous  Sho- 
shone falls,  and  taking  in  that  most  wonderful 
canyon  with  perpendicular  walls  400  feet  high, 
and  where  men  in  1869-70  made  as  high  as 
$100  a  day  to  the  man  with  a  rocker,  a  copper 
plate  and  a  bottle  of  cyanide  of  potassium.  The 
other  district  is  the  Eureka,  below  us,  in  both 
of  which  there  are  new  locations  made  every 
day.  By  the  way,  there  were  men  who  made 
$9  per  day  to  the  man  at  Payne's  Ferry,  the 
upper  end  of  our  district,  and  Wickham  and 
Donovan,  with  a  small  beach  machine  and  a  few 
sluice  boxes,  have  been  averaging  $15  to  the 
man  ever  since  they  started  up  last  February. 

Florida  Mine. — Idalto  Avalanche,  Dec.  28: 
The  first  crushing  of  unassorted  rock  made  the 
handsome  yield  of  $62  to  the  ton. 

Burnt  River. — The  placer  mines  are  good 
on  Chicken  creek.  They  have  completed  a 
ditch  eight  miles  long  at  a  cost  of  $5,000.  Ten 
claims  are  being  prospected,  and  will  pay  $10 
per  day  to  the  hand. 

South  Mountain. — J.  M.  Brunzell  returned 
here  from  South  Mountain  on  Thursday.  He 
states  that  the  place  is  alive  with  men  who  are 
locating  new  claims  and  relocating  old  ones. 

UTAH. 

Ontario  Mine. — Salt  Lake  Tribune,  Jan.  1: 
Last  July  a  new  shaft  was  started  north  of  and 
about  310  feet  from  the  old  shaft.  This  has 
two  hoisting  compartments  of  4^x5  feet  each, 
and  one  pump  compartment  5x7  feet,  and  is 
now  down  on  a  level  aud  connected  with  the 
500  level  of  the  mine  by  a  247-foot  crosscut.  On 
the  new  shaft  is  erected  the  new  hoisting  and 
pumping  works,  100  feet  in  length  by  50  feet  in 
width,  and  the  hight  above  the  gallows  frame 
over  the  shaft  is  65  feet.  These  works  were 
designed  by  Messrs.  Salkeld  &  Eckart,  of  Vir- 
ginia City,  Nevada,  and  erected  under  the  per- 
sonal supervision  of  Mr.  Salkeld  and  James  Mc- 
Millan, his  foreman.  As  soon  as  the  water  is 
out  of  the  mine  this  shaft  is  to  be  continued  for 
100  feet  more,  and  a  level  started  east  and  west 
on  the  ledge.  It  is  expected  that  the  works 
will  be  completed  and  the  extraction  of  ore 
commenced  the  latter  part  of  this  month.  Al- 
though the  old  works  of  the  Ontario  company 
were  destroyed  by  fire  on  the  19th  of  October 
last,  they  have  continued  paying  dividends,  as 
they  happened  to  have  on  hand  at  the  mill  a  lot 
of  2,500  tons  of  ore.  The  yield  of  the  mine  for 
1878  was  $1,445,766.83. 


Old  Probabilities. — The  Eastern  weather 
god  has  finally  undertaken  to  fix  up  the 
weather  for  the  Pacific  coast.  His  first  utter 
ances  are  as  indefinite  as  the  Delphian  oracles, 
and  will  probably  suit  all  cases.  He  begins  by 
prognosticating  for  the  coast  in  three  divisions, 
lower,  central  and  upper,  which  may,  we  pre. 
sume,  embrace  all  the  coast  line  from  Aspinwall 
to  Alaska;  and  thus  having  a  wide  mark,  h 
may  hit  somewhere,  as  the  boy  thought  when  he 
fired  at  the  barn.  However  this  may  be,  we 
doubt  not  the  Signal  Service  will  localize  their 
prophesies  as  fast  as  possible,  and  the  difficul- 
ties of  the  problem  they  encounter  will  permit. 
It  is  true  that  our  meteorological  conditions 
seem  so  grouped  in  grand  divisions  that  there 
will  be  a  degree  of  monotony  in  the  daily  fore- 
casts, but  there  are  certain  periods  when  a 
foreknowledge  of  coming  rain  will  be  of  great 
value  to  our  agriculturists  and  warning  of  ap- 
proaching storms,  will  always  help  the  mari- 
ners. One  point  of  especial  importance  to  the 
agriculturist,  is  "the  coming  of  the  October 
rains.  At  that  season  of  the  year,  the  raisins 
and  other  drying  fruits  are  exposed,  and  a  day's 
warning  of  rain  would  be  worth  thousands  of 
dollars  to  the  producers.  As  these  interests  are 
yearly  increasing,  the  value  of  the  warning  will 
proportionately  increase,  and  we  trust  that  it 
may  be  forthcoming.  There  will  doubtless  be 
other  practical  and  important  applications  of 
the  information  as  soon  as  it  assumes  the  de- 
finiteness  attained  at  the  East,  and  we  are  glad 
that  our  coast  has  been  embraced  in  the  system. 

A  dispatch  from  Pendleton,  dated  17th,  via 
Walla  Walla,  the  18th,  says:  "Aps,  the  remain- 
ing Indian  convicted  of  complicity  in  the  mur- 
der of  whites  last  summer,  was  hanged  here 
to-day.  The  same  precautions  were  observed 
to  prevent  trouble.  A  number  of  whites  and 
Indians  attended  the  execution.  Several  prom- 
inent Indians  addressed  the  whites,  assuring 
them  of  peace  in  the  future.  Two  hours  before 
the  execution,  (Aps '  bid  farewell  to  his  people. 
He  said  he  died  as  an  innocent  man ;  he  had 
killed  no  one  ;  abjured  his  people  to  profit  by 
his  fate,  to  always  remain  steadfast  friends  to 
the  whites  and  not  harbor  ill  feeling  towards 
them," 


Id  this  column  are  printed  all  sensible  inquiries  relating 
to  and  connected  with  mining  or  relating  to  any  matters  of 
general  scientific  interest;  also  the  answers  to  them  as  dictat- 
ed by  individual  experience,  or  as  furnished  by  correspon 
dents. 


Practical  Questions  in  Hydraulic  Mining. 

S.  S.  H.,  of  Leadville,  Colorado,  writes  that 
he  is  in  need  of  information  on  the  following 
questions  : 

"What  is  the  heaviest  grade  per  mile  that 
can  with  safety  be  given  to  a  ditch  to  carry  5,000 
miners'  inches  of  water,  running  through  firm 
gravel  and  loam  ?  (California  experience  pre- 
ferred). 

"  How  many  cubic  yards  of  light  gravel  would 
a  four-inch  giant  move,  having  100  feet  heads, 
in  12  hours  1 

"  Will  you  please  be  so  kind  as  to  give  me 
the  address  of  a  few  hydraulic  mining  engineers 
and  mining  superintendents  of  practical  experi- 
ence in  managing  placer  mines  ?" 

In  loam,  you  should  not  exceed  eight  feet  to 
the  mile.  Gravel  will  bear  almost  any  grade, 
depending  upon  its  consistency.  If  uncemented, 
and  containing' large  boulders,  the  grade  may 
be  between  8  and  16  feet,  or  even  more.  Al- 
though data  have  been  published  in  regard  to 
the  execution  of  water  under  similar  circum- 
stances (see  Waldeyer  in  Raymond's  reports, 
about  1873.  Bowman's  report  on  the  Califor- 
nia Water  Company's  operations  in  the  George- 
town divide,  and  Bowie  s  treaties  on  Hydraulic 
Mining),  the  outlet  grade,  and  Borne  other 
particular  conditions  that  may  be  implied  in 
your  questions,  would  have  to  be  particularly 
stated.  Hamilton  Smith  or  Mr.  Perkins,  of  the 
N.  Bloomfield  Co.  ;  Daniel  McGanny  or  G.  P. 
Thurston,  of  the  Smartsville  Co.  ;  Jos.  McGil- 
livray  or  Herman  Schussler,  of  San  Francisco  ; 
or  either  of  the  authors  of  the  reports  mentioned, 
will  answer  your  questions  correctly,  if  you  will 
specify  all  the  essential  conditions. 


The  Ice  Bridge  at  Niagara. — Niagara  river 
below  the  falls  is  spanned  by  a  bridge  of  ice  one 
mile  long,  and  60  feet  wide.  The  river  has  been 
spanned  in  this  way  before,  but  seldom,  if  ever, 
so  early  as  now.  The  other  day  the  ice 
"jammed"  beneath  the  upper  suspension  bridge. 
Says  the  Buffalo  Courier:  A  vast  quantity  of 
water  had  accumulated  behind  the  ice  and  made 
a  desperate  effort  to  get  free.  The  enormous 
body  of  snow  and  ice  was  raised  up  by  the 
water  and  tossed  about  in  all  directions.  Large 
blocks,  weighing  hundreds  of  tons  were  lifted 
into  the  air.  Boulders  were  torn  from  the  shore 
and  swept  into  the  stream,  and  a  solitary  fir 
tree,  which  ordinarily  stands  three  feet  above 
high  water,  was  carried  away.  The  ponderous 
strength  of  the  enraged  waters  was  so  apparent 
that  it  seemed  as  if  they  would  rend  the  great 
gorge  in  twain,  and  in  that  way  escape  from 
their  imprisonment.  As  they  could  not  break 
the  mile-wide  dam  in  two,  they  lifted  it  bodily 
into  the  air  and  rushed  away  beneath  it,  leaving 
a  span  of  ice  above  and  behind  them.  The 
formation  of  the  ice  in  this  bridge  is  not  the 
same  on  both  sides  of  the  river.  On  the  Ameri- 
can side  it  is  chiefly  composed  of  snow  formed 
into  rounded  boulder  shapes,  and  looks  like 
white  coral.  As  one  approaches  the  center  of 
the  river  the  ice  fragments  become  larger,  and 
near  the  Canadian  shore  huge  cakes  of  water-ice 
are  formed  into  a  solid  mass.  In  some  places 
there  are  crevices  25  or  30  feet  in  depth,  but 
water  is  not  seen  through  them. 

In  the  District  Court  at  Marysville  Monday 
morning,  Ah  Ben,  through  an  interpreter, 
pleaded  guilty  of  murder  in  killing  McDaniel 
in  October  last.  Monday  next  is  set  to  hear 
testimony  and  fix  the  degree  of  punishment. 
Ah  Gee,  charged  with  murder  in  killing  a  Chi- 
naman on  Yuba  River  bridge,  was  arraigned, 
and  Wednesday  set  to  plead. 


F.  E.  Davis,  of  San  Francisco,  and  F.  W. 
Stone,  from  Australia,  ran  a  100-yard  race  for  a 
puise  of  $1,000,  in  this  city.  Davis  won  in  10£ 
seconds.  In  Ukiah  a  100-yard  foot  race  was 
won  by  Bill  Cramer,  of  that  place,  in  the  good 
time  of  10  seconds,  beating  Joe  Barbor,  of  Lake 
county,  about  10  feet. 

Says  the  Dixon  Tribune  of  Saturday:  Most 
of  the  orange  trees  in  town  which  were  last 
week  supposed  to  be  dead,  will  come  out  all 
right.  In  fact,  the  orange  trees  appear  to  stand 
it  better  than  the  gum  trees. 


The  District  Court,  in  Calaveras  county, 
which  meets  the  latter  part  of  this  month,  will 
have  to  try  five  indictments  for  murder.  Among 
the  accused  are  four  Chinamen,  an  Indian  and 
one  white  man. 


Personal  Adornment,  -t-  The  number  of 
people  who  have  drawn  upon  the  stock  of 
Palmer  Bros. ,  for  their  handsome  clothing, 
underwear,  toilet  articles,  etc.,  during  the  last 
few  weeks,  is  beyond  count.  The  firm,  at  their 
establishment  726  to  734  Market  Btreet,  have  a 
splendid  variety  of  goods  to  choose  from,  and 
one  can  hardly  go  amiss  in  seeking  everything 
necessary  for  personal  adornment  and  comfort 
at  their  store. 


January  25,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


61 


f  A  TENTS  AND  INVENTIONS. 


List  of  U.  S.  Patents  Issued  to  Pacific 
Coast  Inventors. 


(Fa«'M  Omeut  Kirotro  ,o»  tint  m,sin<»  and  Beunmric 
P»«i».  DEWEY  i  i'o  .  Pi  ilmiki  a»  U.  & 

AMI    mOH     I'MTM    .V.K.MM  ] 

By  Special  Dispatch  from  Washington.  D.  C 

211.  turn    T.  So.lt.S.  F  .  Jul  Jl-i 

U1.SM    Con  Pmm   T.  B 

211,i*>.     AJUXOAKUTOR    J-    It.  Hfvimlils,   S.   K..   Jan. 
"1.1 

PiKau  Ruca    HLW. Bdwuda,&L  P.,  Jut.  -l.t 

'jll,.!-;     Brir  Lasdu    E.  M.   Uoiij.uiiin.  :>.  P.,  Jul. 
BH 

«.058.--TkA[>k«ark  r\'K  IfogrAJlD  Ann  Bncia     IV  Gliir- 
•.Mli.S    F.    Jam    OA 


GENERAL  MERCHANDISE. 


RU*    Joblilni. 

Kng  Sundu.1  VthM.  5   d  31 

NVvllle  11- 
ll.ii.l  Sct«1  22x36..  g  a  a 

2)i3ri -5- 

23i«0 


IWIIOL1HALI-1 

Weds  t»OAr  M..  January  22.  1S73. 


Piaster.  Ciolduo 

llat*  Milbj....  3  00  («  3  25 
l-»MPIa..Ur.  In  10  0 

NAIU. 

Aaated  ■!»».  kef  I  00  ®  3  00 


.AOlncOluoTiff- 


Flour  Saclu,  halrca. 

(Jiurtcrm ;.',</  tl] 

K.ighthi 3i(S  4 

Hessian.  60  inch.. 

45  inch 

46  Inch VM  is 

WooISacka. 

Hand  How,,1.  3,  tt>..-t/WM 


News  in  Brie£ 

Tiik  ice  gOlgtta  in  the  James  river  have  broken 

UJ). 

Tin:  charter  of  the  Louisiana  lottery  has  been 
repealed. 

rtiK  distress  among  workingmen  in  England 
increases  daily. 

The  jail  at  I'ino  Blu6F,  Ark.,  was  tired  by  a 
prisoner  Saturday  night  and  destroyed. 

Thkke  were  103  deaths  from  scarlet  fever  in 
Ni-w  Fork  last  week,  against  274  the  week  be- 
fore. 

TnE  popular  vote  in  Switzerland  gives  a  large 
majority  in  favor  of  a  subvention  to  Alpiuo  rail- 
ways. 

The  Upper  Columbia  river  is  almost  clear  of 
ice,  and  boats  will  commence  making  regular 
trips. 

An  attempt  was  made  recently  in  Candahar 
to  assassinate  Major  St.  John,  of  the  British 
army. 

The  Zulu  King  expresses  a  willingness  to  ac- 
cede to  some  of  the  demands  of  the  British  ulti- 
matum. 

A  Philadelphia  dispatch  announces  the 
death  of  John  B.  Biddle,  Dean  of  Jefferson 
college. 

Capt.  John  Irwin  has  been  ordered  to  the 
command  of  the  receiving  ship  Independence  at 
Mare  Island. 

An  indictment  has  been  found  in  Florida 
against  Lieutenant-Governor  Hull,  on  a  charge 
of  conspiracy. 

The  Sub-Treasury  building  in  New  York,  is 
being  fortified  against  any  raid  upon  its  treasure 
in  case  of  a  riot. 

In  a  collision  off  the  coast  of  Spain,  the 
British  sailing  vessel  Lancashire  Witch  sunk 
with  all  on  board. 

The  recent  report  relative  to  Germany's  in- 
tended action  towards  the  Samoan  Islanders  is 
denied  from  Berlin. 

The  Directors  of  the  City  of  Glasgow  bank 
are  on  trial  at  Edinburgh,  charged  with  fraud, 
theft  and  embezzlement. 

The  indirect  taxes  of  France  during  1878 
yielded  a  revenue  of  2,025,770,000  francs — an 
increase  of  75,672,400  francs. 

Andre  Christol,  the  wrestler,  had  his  collar 
bone  broken  at  Detroit,  Saturday  night,  in  a 
match  with  J.  H.  McLaughlin. 

Six  cotton  mills  at  Preston,  Eng.,  running 
188,144  spindles,  have  given  notice  of  a  reduc- 
tion in  wages  of  from  5%  to  10%. 

John  G.  Compton,  ex-postmaster  of  Colum- 
bus, Neb.,  has  been  sentenced  to  10  years'  im- 
prisonment for  robbing  the  mails. 

A  judoe  of  election  in  Baltimore  has  been 
fined  S100  and  four  months'  imprisonment  for 
assaulting  a  Deputy  United  States  Marshal. 

In  sinking  a  well  at  lone,  Amador  county, 
recently,  James  Parkison  struck  a  vein  of  coal, 
through  which  he  has  already  bored  six  feet, 
without  exhausting  it. 

J.  A.  Johnson,  Secretary  of  the  Constitutional 
Convention,  has  tendered  his  resignation.  It 
was  accepted,  and  Ed.  F.  Smith  was  chosen  as 
Secretary  in  his  place. 


4  1..  .1.,. 

Machine  Sewed 50 

SUndard  t.uoui«-*....13  &14 

Mean  Uwi 

4  4  MIMS. 

CryntalWax 17  «*  - 

Kosle ...A':  Q 

;      ml, 3tX^- 

CANVED  Loon-. 

AworU-d  I'io  Fruila. 

21  It.  can* 3  00  @    - 

T»W«<  do :i  i.j  ... 

Jama  and  Jilli.n.  .,1  .Vt  t,f 

Pickles,  hf  gal 3  15  (<*    - 

Sardine*.  i,r  box..l  67|@1  90 

lit  Hi.xt.-n 2  50  (52  75 

Preserved     Beef, 

anxdoj 4  oo  c*  — 

do  BeeJL4n\do*.6  50  <ef  — 
Prourrea  Mutton. 

1  H,  doa 4  CO  @  — 

Beo(  Tongue 6  50  @  — 

l'i  DHTTI  '1      II  ft  in. 

2  It.,  doi 6  50  <3    - 

DoTiled  Ham,  lib, 

doi 5  50  <»   — 

.I..  Hum.  Jib doz. 3  00  <<*    — 
««•!!.     JnhhlliK. 

Australian,  ton..  8  00  «f 

Coos  Hay B  ,ri0  (re  7  00 

Belihighan.  Hay.  6  50  & 

Seattle 6  00  &  6  50 

Cumberland 14  00  t* 

Mt  Diablo 4  75  (j*  6  00 

LebJgh 13  50  ra 

Liverpool 7  50  (ft  8  00 

West  Hartley... 10  50  <j« 

.Scotch 10  50  @ 

Scrautoo 11  50  (ft 

Vancouver  Id. . .  7  00  (<t 

Charcoal,  sack...      75  <f$ 

Coke,  bbl B0  <<« 

roi i i i . 

.Sandwich  Id,  lb.      —  @ 

Costa  Rica 15  (ft     10 

Guatemala. 15  tS      16 

Java 23  (rt—  26 

Manila 17  &6 

Ground,  In  cs. . .      25  @ 

FISH. 

Sac'to  Dry  Cod..       4!@       5J 

do    iii  cases,.        5  (ft       C 

Eastern  Cod . . . . @ 

Salmon,  bbla.. . .  8  00  &  9  00 

Hf  bhlfl 5  00  <S  550 

1  lb  cans 1  40  @  1  45 

Pkld  Cod,  bbls..22  00  (<* 

Hf  bbla U  00  ^ 

Mackerel,  No.  1. 

Hf  Bbla 9  50  @10  50 

In  Kits 1  85  (ft  2  10 

Ex  Meaa 3  25  @ 

Pkld  Herring,  bx  3  00  @  3  50 

BoBtonSink.lH'g    70  @ 

LIME,  Etc. 
Lime,  st.ii  Cruz, 

bbl 1  25  @  1  50 

Cement,  Roaen- 

dale 2  00  @  2  25 

Portland 4  00  ® 


NeaUfoot,  No  1.1  00  (S    90 

Cmstor.  Nol 1  10  (A    — 

do.  No.  3 1  05  (ft    — 

Bak«r-«A  A 1  2D   |l  SO 

oiUf.  riagniol....6  35  <?o  75 

Powel i 

Palm,  lb 9W    — 

Lltweed.  Raw,  bbl.    73  @    — 

BoUed 75 

Cocoanut 55 

Ohlna  nut.  ca 70 

S|«Tni 1  40 

Coa«t  Whalos 40 

Polar 45 

Lard yo 

Oleopblnw 22 

Uevoe's  Brtl't jQ 

PhoUilite —  m 

Nouijarlel 31  M 

Kureka 18  & 

Barrel  kerosene. . .     20  {<* 

Downer  Ker 37i(f? 

Elaine 37i<3 

PAINTS. 
Pure  White  Lead.      8  & 

WhftliiK H& 

Putty 4  M 

Chalk H@ 

Pmrla  White 2jWi 

Ochre 3p* 

Venetian  Red 

Avert".  Mixed 
Paint,       gal. 

White  A  tinta. .  .2  00  @2  40 
Green,  Blue    i 

Oh  Yellow 3  00  <a*3  50 

Light  Red 3  00  ft  3  50 

Metallic  Roof... 1  30  yl  60 

RICE. 

I'hina,  Mixed,  lb..      5  @      5. 

Hawaiian 7  <j$      7; 

SILT. 
Oal  Bay,  ton. ...15  00  (322  50 

Conunon 10  00  G$U  00 

Carmen  Id 12  00  @14  00 

Liverpool  tine ...  19  00  @ 

SOAP. 

Castile,  tb 10  <• 

Common  brands..      4' 

Fancyhrands 7  @     8 

SPICES. 

Cloves,  tt. 45  (»    50 

Cassia 22£<a    25 

Nutmegs 85  @    90 

Pepper  Grain 15  <§ 

Pimento 15  @ 

Mustard,        CaL, 

i  tt.  glass 1  50  @    — 

SUGAR,  ETC. 

Cal.  Cube,  lb 11J@    - 

Powdered lli@    — 

Fine  crushed llj@    — 

Granulated 11  @    — 

Golden  C 9£f§    — 

Cal.  Syrup,  kge...     70  @    — 
Hawaiian  Alol'sscs    26  @    30 

TEA. 
Young        Hyson, 

Moyune,  etc 27  @    33 

Country  pekd  Gun- 
powder &  Im- 
perial      50  @    60 

Hyson 30  @    35 

Fooo-Chow  0 35  (*    — 

Japan,  1st  quality    40  @    — 
2d  quality 20  @    25 


LUMBER. 


105 


17 


Ladies  and  Gentlemen  are  both  alike  pro- 
vided for  by  Palmer  Bros.,  in  all  things  fitted 
to  give  satisfaction  and  comfort  in  the  way  of 
clothing,  furnishing  goods,  laces,  millinery,  and 
the  1,000  articles  neededinfitting  up  the  "human 
form  divine."  You  can  supply  your  whole 
family  at  little  expense,  by  consulting  Palmer 
Bros.,  at  726  to  734  Market  street,  S.  F. 


Fresh  attractions  are  constantly  added  to  Wood- 
ward's Gardens,  among-  which  is  Prof.  Gruber's  great 
educator,  the  Zoo^rapliicon.  Each  department  increases 
daily,  and  the  Pavilion  performances  are  more  popular 
than  ever.  All  new  novelties  find  a  place  at  this  wonder- 
ful resort.     Prices  remain  as  usual. 


Settlers  and  others  wishing:  good  farming  lauds  for 
sure  crops,  are  referred  to  Mr.  Edward  Frisbie,  of  Ander- 
Bon,  Shasta  County,  Cal.,  who  has  some  15,000  acres  for 
sale  in  the  Upper  Sacramento  valley.  His  advertisement 
appears  from  time  to  time  in  this  paper. 

Examine  the  accelerative  endowment  plan,  as  originated 
by  the  Mutual  Benefit  Life  Insurance  Co.,  of  Newark, 
New  Jersey.  Assets,  §30,533,429.94.  Lewis  C.  Grover, 
President;  L.  Spencer  Coble,  Vice-President;  Benjamin  C. 
Miller,  Treasurer;  Edward  A.  Strong,  Secretary;  Bloom- 
field  J.  Miller,  Actuary.  Send  for  circulars  to  James 
•  Munsell,  Jr.,  agent  of  insured,  224  Sansome  St.,  Sau 
Francisco. 

Experimental  Machinery,  drawings,  patterns,  models, 
all  kinds  of  electrical  and  telegraphic  apparatus  to  order. 
See  ad.     F.  W.  Fuller,  415  Market  St.,  second  floor,  S.  F. 

Henry  R.  Ewald  is  our  general  correspondent  and 
agent  for  Arizona. 


Cfcew  Jasksos's  Best  Sweet  Navy  Tobacco 


METALS. 

[wholesale. 

Wednrhday  m.,  January  22,  1878. 

Tron.— 

American  Pig,  soft,  ton 23  00  (f^26  00 

Scotch  Pig,  ton 25  50  (ftlG  50 

American  White  Pig,  ton 23  00  @ 

Oregon  Pig,  ton 26  50  @ 

Refined  Bar 2j@       3 

Horse  Shoes,  keg 5  00  @ 

Nail  Rod — fto       71 

Norway,  according  to  thickness 6i@       7 

Copper.— 

Sheathing,  lb 34  @     35 

Sheathing.  Yellow 19  @      20 

Sheathing,  Old  Yellow —  @- 

Steel.— 

English  Cast,  lb 16  @     17 

Black  Diamond,  ordinary  Bizes 16  @ 

Drill 16  @     17 

Flat  Bar 16  @      19 

Plow  Steel 8  @      12j 

10x14  IC  Charcoal 8i<3>       9 

10x14  1  CCoke 7  @       7i 

BancaTin 18  <@—  20 

Australian 15J@     17 

Zinc— 

By  the  Cask 9  @ 

Zinc.  Sheet  7x3  ft.  7  to  10,  lb.  leBs  than  cask. .  9i@—  10 

Nails.— 

Assorted  sizeB , 2  90<$3  00 


LEATHER. 

rwnOLEBALH.  I 

Wednesday,  m.,  January  22,  1879. 

Solo  Leather,  heavy,  lb 22  @      29 

Light 20  @     21 

Jodot,  8  Kil.,  doz 48  00  @5o  60 

Htol3Kil 65  00  <a>76  00 

14  to  19  Kil 80  00  <&9o  00 

Second  Choice.  11  to  16  Kil 55  00  @70  00 

Cornellian,  12  to  10  Kil 57  00  @£7  00 

Females,  12  to  13  Kil 63  00  {<*G7  00 

14  to  16  Kil 71  00  @76  00 

Simon  Ullmo,  Females,  12  to  13  Kil 58  00  @62  50 

14  to  15  Kil 66  00  @70  00 

16  to  17  Kil 72  00  @74  00 

Simon,  18  Kil 61  00  @63  00 

20  Kil 65  00  @67  00 

24  Kil 72  00  @74  00 

Robert  Calf,  7  and  9  Kil 35  00  @40  00 

Kips.  French,  lb  1  00  @  1  35 

Cal.  doz 40  00  @00  00 

French  Sheep,  all  colors 8  00  (ftl5  00 

Eastern  Calf  for  Backs,  lb 1  00  @  1  25 

Sheep  Roans  for  Topping,  all  colors,  doz 9  00  @13  00 

For  Linings 5  50  (ofilO  50 

al.  Russet  Sheep  Linings 1  75  @  4  50 

oot  Legs,  French  Calf,  pair 4  00  @ 

BGood  French  Calf 4  00  @  4  75 

Best  Jodot  Calf 5  00  @  5  25 

eather.  Harness,  lb 35  @     38 

LFair  Bridle,  doz .....48  00  @72  00 

Skirting,  lb 33  @      37 

Welt,  doz 30  00  @50  00 

Buff,  ft 18  @     21 

Wax  Side 17  @      80 


Gold,    Legal    Tenders,    Exchange.    Etc. 

[Corrected  Weekly  by  Sotro  &  Co.] 

SAN  FranoISOO,  January  22,  3  P.  M, 

Silver.  2g@2J.    Gold  in  New  York,  par. 

Gold  Bars,  890@910.  Silver  Barb,  8@22  $  cent,  dis- 
count. 

Exchange  on  New  York,  35,  on  London  bankers,  49i@ 
49i  Commercial  50;  Paris,  five  francs  'p  dollar;  Mexican 
dollars,  87i@89. 

London  Consols,  94  7-16;  Bonds,  109J. 

Quicksilver  in  3.  F„  by  the  flask*  V 11?.  10@41c. 


OF  I'ltKT      HOIM>    PI\K 

BKTAIL  PRICE. 

„      I  Bough.  M 18  00 

i    odng 1800 

.  V  00  Filling  and  Stop 28  00 

.2300     Narrow 30  00 

.1300     2tl<iiuUity 35  00 

23  50Lfttlu! 3  50 

IS  IX>  Furring,  lineal  ft 1 


Wkuniwdav  h  .  January  22.   1879. 

cargo     ruins 

Itl'.IMtOOII. 

Rough,  M 

Refuse 

Clear 

Clt-ar  Refuse 

Rustic 

Refuse 

Siirf*ced 20  001  IIIIMHliili. 

K*''"* »  "0'  k rr a il  trice. 

Flooring 20  00Rough,  M 18  00 

Bvfuw 12  oo      lU-fiu* 14  00 

Beaded  Flooring 23  OOlPicket*.  Bough 1.1  00 

Rffuse 13  00!     Pointed 16  00 

Half-inch  Siding 16  00|    Fancy...  22  50 

Refuse 14  OOjHlding 20  50 

Half-inch  Surfaced 20  00  Surf *ced  *  Long  lteaded30  00 

Refuse 14  00 flooring 30  00 

Half  inch  BatU-us 16  00:     Refuse  22  50 

Pickets  R"ugli 11  00' Half  inch  Surfaced 30  00 

Rough,  Pointed 12  SO  ItuBtlc.  No,  1 30  00 

Fancy.  Pointed 1*  00  liatU-uit,  lineal  ft 

Shingles 1  75Sltlnelua  M 3  00 


Signal  Service  Meteorological  Report 

San  Francisco.— Week  ending  January  21,  1870. 


BIOOK8T   AND   LOWEST  nAROMITRR. 

Jan  15 

Jan  10 

Jan  17 

Jan  18 

Jan  19i 

Jan  20 

Jan  21 

30.313 

30.307 

30.434 

30.622 

30.408] 

30.194 

30.221 

30.271 

30.24.'. 

S0.297 

30.459 

30.217 

W.  132 

30.1S7 

MAXIMUM  AMI  MINIMUM  rilKRMOMKTBR. 

49.3 

60      1      49      1      52       I      59 

50.5 

5(1 

a 

42.5  |      44      |      42       |      42.3 
MKAN    DAILY   HUMIDITY. 

45 

44 

07.7 

00.3  |      78      |      09      |      03.7 

PKKVAIUNO   WIND. 

03 

73.3 

s 

N      |      N       |      E       |       N 
WIND— MII.KS  TRAVRLKD. 

N 

I     NU 

200 

151      |     137      |      152      |      102      1 
BTATB   OF   WKATURR, 

139 

132 

Fair. 

Clear.   |   Fair.   |  Clear.  ]  Clear. 

Clear. 

Fair. 

RAINFALL  LN  TWKNTY-FOUR   UOURS. 

Total  rain  duri 

1C  the  Beaaon.  from  July 

1,  1878. 

4.37  In. 

We  hare  on  hand  Borne  400  to  500  Its.  of  brevier,  in 
good  condition,  for  sale  at  a  bargain.  Will  sell  apart 
only  if  desired.  Second-hand  cases  to  match.  Also  a  font 
of  bourgeois  in  first-rat e  order,  with  cases.  Also  a  cabi- 
net and  upwards  of  twenty  fonts  of  good  display  type,  not 
very  old  and  but  little  used.     Some  of  the  fonts  are  large, 


Printing  Type  For  Sale  Very  Low. 

of  modern  style,  and  what  might  be  termed  good  substan- 
tial display  type  for  advertisements  and  job  printing. 

A  good  proof  press  will  also  be  sold  at  a  greatly  reduced 
price  from  cost. 

We  can  lit  out  a  good  country  printing  office  nearly 
complete  at  a  moderate  cost.  Call  and  see  the  material. 
DEWEY   &    CO., 

Publishers,   Ne.    202  Sansome  street,    San    Francisco. 


Patents  for  Mining  and  Farm- 
ing Lands, 

Having  complete  arrangements  with  compe- 
tent and  reliable  parties  in  Washington  City,  by 
which  we  are  able  to  secure  prompt  and 
careful  attention  to  law  business  there,  we  are 
prepared  to  assist  Mill  and  Mine,  Canal  and 
Ditch  owners  in  securing  patents  for  their  lands, 
mines  and  claims,  in  addition  to  our  general  line 
of  patent  business. 

Many  who  are  acquainted  with  the  manner 
in  which  this  business  has  heretofore  been  con- 
ducted, {with  or  without  assistance  by  local 
attorneys),  will  see  at  once  the  great  advantage 
of  patronizing  an  establishment  that  is  thor 
oughly  organized  and  has  its  representatives  in 
Washington  to  look  after  and  prosecute  their 
applications  before  the  Commissioner  of  the 
General  Land  Office.  The  business  on  this 
Coast  will  be  attended  to  personally  by  a  mem- 
ber of  our  firm,  and  satisfaction  will  be  given  in 
all  respects. 

Correspondence  from  persons  desirous  of 
securing  patents  for  Lands,  Mines,  Mill  Sites, 
Canal  and  Ditch  property,  promptly  attended  to. 
Applicants  for  patents  for  mining  and  farm- 
ing land,  whose  claims  have  been  delayed  for 
any  reason,  will  find  it  to  their  advantage  to 
consult  with  us  and  in  case  of  necessity  secure 
the  services  of  our  home  and  Washington  branch 
agency. 

DEWEY  &  CO., 
Solicitors  of  Patents  for  Lands,  Mines  and  In- 
ventions,   Mining    and    Scientific    Press 
Office,  No  202  Sansome  St.,  San  Francisco 


Watson ville,  July  20th,  187S, 
Messrs.  Dewey  &  Co. — Qents:—l  was  not  expecting  my 
patent  so  soon.     You  certainly  kept  your  word  when  you 
said  no  time  would  be  lost.     I  remain,  yourstruly, 

W.  T.  Eabterdat, 


(nipipg  and  Other  Copipapie?. 


Persons  interested  in  incorporated  shares 
will  do  well  to  recommend  the  publication 
of  the  official  notices  of  their  companies 
in  this  paper,  as  the  cheapest  appropriate 
medium  for  the  same. 

Cherokee  Flat  Blue  Gravel  Company.— 

i    of  nrlndral   ptiee  Ol    !  l-'ranciaeo. 

California,  Location  ol  works,  Cherokee.  Plat  Ituite 
OountK  California, 

N.tir,  u  ban  i>)  [riven,  timt  at  a  meeting  "f  the  Board  or 

hirecton;.  Ir-M  ..n  the  20th  day  of  DecorulHT,  A.  1»  1878  an 
■  |No  *01offl?<  cents  per  share  was  Levied  open 
Mi-  .-.iint:!!  st.H-k  <-t  tlu  corporation,  payable  Immediately  In 
United  Btates  gold  ooln.  bo  the  Secretary,  at  the  offleo  of  tlm 
0 pany,  818  Pirn  street,  Boom  4  San  PrandBoo,  California, 

Ajiy Stock  Upon  which  this  assi-ssnicnt  shall  remain  unpaid 
on  the  28th  das  ol  January,  187ft  will  be  delinquent,  andad- 
rertlaed  for  sale  at  public  auction;  and  unless  payment  is 
made  before  "ill  be  told  on  Itaaday,  the  18th  day  "f  Febru- 
ary. 1879,  to  pay  thi  delinqiK'ut  asst.-ssriii-iit.  tu^cthar  with 
costs  ol  adrertlslng  and  expanses  of  sala  By  order  of  the 
Board  of  Directors.  R.  N.  VAN  BRUNT,  Secretary 

oaict-,318  Pine  Street,  Roma  B,  San  Francisco    California 

Griffith  Consolidated  Mill  and  Mining  Com- 

pany.— Location  of  principal  place  of  business,  San  Fran- 

i'isi'm,   Ciiiif.iriiia     Locati I  works,   Diamond  .SiiritiK« 

Mining  District,  El  Dorado  County,  California. 
Notice  Es  hereby  given,   that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees,  held  on  the  21st  day  of  January,  1879  an  assessment 

(Nil  l)ol  tvvnu  I'L-uta  C^Jl)  1"_t  share  was  levied  upon  the 
'  'ni'it-iil  Mn.'k  i.f  tli..-  rnrj">r;itiim,  payable  immediaMy  tn  tlic 
Sccrctair.  at  tho  ()tric«  of  the  Company,  Room  48,  330  Pine 
Street,  San  Francisco,  California. 

Any  Stock  upon  which  this  Assessment  shall  remain  un- 
pnitl  on  the  2t5th  day  of  February,  187'.  will  be  delinquent, 
and  advertised  for  sale  at  puMi.i  auction;  mid  unli'ns  jiiij- 
ment  is  made  before,  will  be  Bold  m  Wednesday,  March  aotb, 
1879,  to  pay  the  delinquont  asseBsnum,  UtccthtT  with  coals 
of  advertiainy  and  uxpenacti  of  sale.  By  order  of  thi  Board 
of  Trustees.  CEO.  M.  CONDEE.  Secy. 

oilier,  I:..hiu  48,  3-SO  Fiiu-  Stro.-t.  San  Fruicisci..  Cidifornin. 

Mariposa  Land  and  Mining  Company  of 

California.— Location  of  priucipnl  place  of  business,  San 
Fraueisro,  California,  Location  of  works,  Mariposa  Coun- 
ty, California. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Directors,  held  on  the  tenth  day  of  January.  1S79,  an  assess- 
ment (No.  15)  of  One  Dollar  per  share  was  levied  upon  the. 
capital  stock  of  the  coryorat  ion,  payable  immediately  In  U.  S. 
currency  to  the  Secretary,  at  the  office  of  the  C.  unpany.  Room 
33,  Nevada  Block,  No.  30y  Montgomery  St.,  San  Francisco, 
CaL.  or  the  Assistant  Secretary  at  the  office  No.  9  Nassau 
St.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Any  stock  upon  which  this  assessment  shall  remain  unpaid 
the  twelfth  day  of  February,  1879,  will  be  delinquent,  and 
advertised  for  sale  at  public  auction;  and  unless  payment  is 
made  before,  will  be  sold  on  Wednesday,  the  twelfth  day  of 
March,  1879,  to  nay  the  delinquent  assessment,  together  with 
cost  of  advertising  and  expens*  s  of  sale.  By  order  of  the 
Board  of  Directors.  LEANDEK  LEAVITT.  Sec'y. 

Office,  Room  33,  Nevada  Block,  No.  309  Montgomery  St., 
San  Francisoe.tC'al. 

Summit    Mining  Company. — Location  of 

Principal  place  of  business,  San  Francisco,  California, 

Location    of     works,   Mineral  Point  Miuiiu?    District, 

Plumas  County,  Cal. 

Notice.— There  are  delinquent  upon  the  following'  de- 
scribed stock,  on  account  of  assessment  (No.  G,)  levied  on 
the  19th  day  of  November,  A.  D. ,  1S"S,  the  several  amounts 
set  opposite  the  names  of  the  respective  shareholders,  as 
follows: 

Names.  No.  Certificate.    No.  Shares.  Anit. 

Boring',  I C 32  »      1200        §00  00 

Bohn,  John 160  200  10  00 

Lehmann,  C 129  2750        137  50 

Lchmann,  C,  Trustee 200  200  10  00 

Lehmann,  C,  Trustee 207  200  10  00 

Storer,  J  F,  Trustee 58  250  12  50 

Sclimitz,  F 205  400  20  00 

Turner,  J  W 65  200  10  00 

And  in  accordance  with  law,  and  an  order  of  the  Board  of 
Directors,  made  on  the  nineteenth  day  of  November,  A. (D., 
1878,  so  many  shares  of  each  parcel  of  such  stock  as  may- 
be necessary,  will  be  sold  at  public  auction,  at  the  office 
of  the  compauy,  No.  318  Pine  street,  Room  (f,  San  Fran- 
cisco, Cal.,  on  Tuesday,  the  fourth  day  of  February, 
A.  D.,  1879,  at  the  hour  of  three  o'clock  p.  m.,  of  said 
day,  to  pay  said  delinquent  assessment  thereon,  together 
with  costs  of  advertising'  and  expenses  of  the  sale. 

R.  N.  VAN  BRUXf,  Sec'y. 

Office,  Room  6,  No.  31S  Pine  Street,  San  Francisco,  CaL 


UNITED    STATES 
Mineral  Land    Laws,  Revised    Statutes 

AND    INSTRUCTIONS    AND    FORMS 
UNDER  THE  SAME. 

We  have  just  issued  a  pamphlet  containing-  the  General 
Mineral  Land  Laws  of  the  United  States,  with  instructions 
of  the  Commissioner  of  the  Land  Office.  The  contents  of 
this  pamphlet  comprise  all  of  the  Government  laws  with 
relation  to  mineral  lands  of  interest  to  the  mining'  com- 
munity, as  follows:  Mining-  Statute  of  May  10th,  1872, 
with  Instructions  by  the  Commissioner  of  the  Land  Office; 
Mining  Statute  of  July  26th,  lSo'b';  Mining  Statute  of  July 
9th,  1870.  Forms  required  under  Mining  Act  of  May  10th, 
1872,  as  follows:  Notice  of  Location;  Request  for  Surveys; 
Application  for  Patent;  Proof  of  Posting'  Notice  and  Dia- 
gram of  the  Claim;  Proof  that  Platan!  Notice  remained 
Posted  on  Claim  during-  Time  of  Publication;  Registers' 
Certificate  of  Posting-  Notice  for  Sixty  Days;  Agreement  of 
Publisher;  Proof  of  Publication;  Affidavit  of  S500  Im- 
provements; Statement  and  Charge  of  Fees;  Proof  of 
Ownership  and  Possession  in  Case  of  Loss  or  absence  of 
Mining  Records;  Affidavit  of  Citizenship;  Certificate  that 
no  Suit  is  Pending;  Power  of  Attorney;  Protest  and  Ad- 
verse Claim;  Non-Mineral  Affidavit;  Proof  that  no  Known 
Veins  Exist  in  a  Placer  Claim,  etc.  There  is  also  given 
the  U,  S.  Coal  Land  Law  and  Regulations  thereunder. 
The  work  comprises  thirty  pages,  and  will  be  sold,  post- 
free,  for  50  cents.  It  should  he  in  the  hands  of  every 
one  having  any  mining  interests.  DEWEY  &  CO., 

Publishers  of  the  Mining  ahd  Scientific  Press,  S.  F 


PALACE  T 

ESTAURAN1  ReZcedTnces 


Tins  elegant  and  spa- 
cious S.  F.  Restaurant 
has  been  re-opened  with 
superior  bill  of  fare  dai- 


andmost  popular  dining 
■  '■■■"■■  ■  —    saloon  on   this  Coast. 

[Lunch  ready  at  10  A.  M.]  Resident  business  men  and  visi- 
tors from  abroad  will  he  wise  in  giving  this  place  an  early 
call.    Examine  bill  of  fare  and  prices. 

HERMAN  H.  HORST,  Prop'r. 


At  the  Old  Stand,  Market,  head  o  Front  Street,  S.  F. 


62 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[January  25,   1879. 


Iron  apd  IHachipe  tyoife 


THOS.  PENDERGAST.  HENRY  S.  SMITH. 

JETNA    IRON    WORKS, 

MANUFACTURERS  OP 

IRON  CASTINGS 

and      MACHINERY 

OF  ALL  KINDS. 

Fremont  Street,  Bet.  Howard  and  Folsom, 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 

SACRAMENTO  BOILER   WORKS, 

214  &  216  BEALE  St.,  (rear  of  JEtim  Foundry) 

J.  V.  HALL, 

PRAGTICAL    BOILER    MAKER, 

Marine,  Stationary  and  Portable  Boilers,  Smoke  Stacks, 

Hydraulic  Pipe,  Oil  or  Water  Tanks,    Ore  and 

Water  Buckets,  Gasometers,  Girders,  Bridges 

and   Iron   Ship   Building. 

ALL   KINDS   OF   SHEET    IRON    WORK. 

Repairing    promptly    attended    to    at    the 
lowest    possible    terms. 

UNION  IRON  WORKS, 

SACRAMENTO,    CAL. 
ROOT,    NBILSON    &    CO., 

MANUFACTURERS  OF 

STEAM  ENGINES,  BOILERS  AND  ALL 

Kinds  of  Machinery  for  Mining   Purposes. 

Flouring  Mills',  Saw  Mills'  and    Quartz  Mills'  Machinery 

constructed,  fitted  up  and  repaired. 

Front  Street,  Between  N  and  O  Streets, 

SACRAMENTO,     CAL. 


PHELPS 
MANUFACTURING    COMPANY, 

Manufacturers  of  all  kinds  of 

Wharf  and  Bridge  Bolts,    Railroad  Trestle 

Work,   Car  Frames  and  Bolts,  Machine 

Bolts,   Set  Screws    and   Tap  Bolts, 

Lag   or    Coach    Screws. 

ALL  STYLES   OF  FANCY  HEAD  BOLTS. 

HOT  AND  COLD  PRESSED  HEXAGONAL  AND 

SQUARE  NUTS,  WASHERS,  BOLT  ENDS, 

TURNBUCKLES,  ETC.,  ETC. 

13, 15  and  17  Drumm  St.,  near  California, 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 


Golden  State  &  Miners  Iron  Works. 

Manufacture  Iron  Casting's  and  Machinery 
of  all  Kinds  at  Greatly  Reduced  Rates. 

STEVENSON'S  PATENT 

Mold-Board  AMALGAMATORS, 
Golden  State  Pressure  Blowers. 

First  St.,  between  Howard  &  Folsom,  S-  F. 


W11.  H.  Birch. 


JonN  Argall. 


California    Machine   Works, 
BIRCH,    ARGALL    &    CO., 

119  Beale  Street,  San  Francisco. 

jJSTGeueral  Mechanical  Engineers  and  Machinists. 
Steam  Engines,  Flour,  Quartz  and  Mining  Machinery. 
Sole  manufacturers  of  Brodie's  Patent  Rock  Crushers  and 
Steel-Faced  Tappits.  Steam,  Hydraulic  and  Sidewalk 
Elevatoi-s.    Repairing  promptly  attended  to. 

California    Brass    Foundry, 

No,  125  First  Street,  Opposite  Minna. 
SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 

All  kinds  of  Brass,  Composition,  Zinc,  and  Babbitt 
Metal  Castings,  Brass  Ship  Work  of  all  kinds,  Spikes, 
sheathing  Nails,  Rudder  Braces,  Hinges,  Ship  and  Steam- 
boat Bells  and  Gongs  of  superior  tone.  All  kinds  of  Cocks 
and  Valves,  Hydraulic  Pipes  and  Nozzles,  and  Hose  Coup- 
lings and  Connections  of  all  sizes  and  patterns,  furnished 
with  dispatch.  ^.PRICES  MODERATE.  *S* 

J.  H.  WEED.  V.  KING  WELL. 


STEAM  ENGINES  AND  BOILERS 

Of  all  sizes— from  2  to  60-Horse  power.  Also,  Quartz 
Mills,  Mining  Pumps,  Hoisting  Machinery,  Shafting,  Iron 
Tanks,  etc.     For  sale  at  the  lowest  prices  by 

J.    HBNDY,  49  and  51  Fremont  Street,  S.  F. 


TIIOMASf  THOMPSON. 


THORNTON   THOMPSON. 


THOMPSON    BROTHERS, 

EUREKA    FOUNDRY, 

129  and  131  Beale  St.,  between  Mission  and  Howard,  S,  F 

MANUFACTURKRS  OF  CASTINGS  OF  EVERT  DESCRIPTION. 


WIND  MILL. 


One  of  the  best  made  in  this  State 
for  sale  cheap  on  easy  terms.    Ad- 
dress, W.  T.,  care  of  Dewey  &  Co.,  S.  F. 


GEORGE  W.  PRESCOTT. 


IRVING  M.  SCOTT. 


H.  T.  SCOTT. 


Union   J r o n   Works. 

Office,  61  First  St.  |  Cor.  First  &  Mission  Sts.,  S.  F.  [  p.   0.   Box,  2128. 


BUILDERS     OF 


Steam,    Air   and    Hydraulic    Machinery. 

Home  Industry.— All  "Work  Tested  and  Guaranteed. 


Vertical  Engines, 

Baby  Hoists, 

Stamps, 

Horizontal  Engines, 

Ventilating  Fans, 

Pans, 

Automatic  Cut-off  Engines, 

Rock  Breakers, 

Settlers, 

Compound  Condensing  Engines, 

Self-Feeders, 

Retorts, 

Shafting, 

Pulleys, 

Etc.,  Etc. 

TRY    OUR    MAKE,  CHEAPEST    AND    BEST    IN    USE. 
Send  for  Late  Circulars.  PRESCOTT,  SCOTT  &  CO, 


IK-A-W^IISTS  3c  CAITTBELL, 
MACHINE     WORKS, 

210  and  212  Beale  Street,  bet.  Howard  and  Folsom  Sts.,    -    -    San  Francisco. 

Manufacturers    of 

IMPROVED      PORTABLE 

H  oistim.gr    Engines, 

For  Mining  and   Other   Purposes. 

Steam  Engines  and  all  Kinds  of  Mill  and  Mining  Machinery. 


Pacific  Rolling  IVIill  Co., 

SAN    FRANCISCO,    CAL. 

manufacturers  of 

RAILROAD  AND   MERCHANT  IRON, 

ROLLED  BEAMS,  ANGLE,  CHANNEL  AND  T  IRON,  BRIDGE  AND  MACHINE  BOLTS,  LAG  SCREWS,  NUTS 
WASHERS,  ETC.,  STEAMBOAT   SHAFTS,  CRANKS,  PISTONS,  CONNECTING    RODS,  ETC.,  ETC. 

Car  and  Locomotive  Axles  and  Frames,  and  Hammered  Iron  of  Every  Description. 

HIGHEST    PRICE    PAID    FOR    SCRAP    IRON. 

tm-  Orders  Solicited  and  Promptly  Executed.  Office,  No.  16  FIRST  STREET. 


Fill  ton    Iron    Works. 

Hinckley,  Spiers  &  Hayes. 


(ESTABLISHED    IN    1855.) 


Works,  Fremont  and  Howard  Sts.  |  San  Francisco,  Cal.  |  Office,  No.  213  Fremont  St. 


MANUFACTURERS    OF 

Marine  Engines  and   Boilers, 

Propeller  Engines  either  High  Pressure  or  Com- 
pound Stem  or  Side  Wheel  Engines. 

Mining   Machinery. 

Hoisting  Engines  and  Works,  Cages,  Ore  Buckets,  Ore 
Cars,  Pumping  Engines  and  Pumps,  Water  Buckets, 
Pump  Columns,  Air  Compressors,  Air  Receivers, 
Air   Pipes. 

Mill  Machinery. 

Batteries  for  Dry  or     Wet  Crushing,     Amalgamating 


Pans,  Settlers,  Furnaces,  Retorts,  Concentrators,  Ore 
Feeders,  Rock  Breakers,  Furnaces  for  Reducing  Ores 
Water  Jackets,  Etc. 

Sugar   Machinery. 

Crushing  Rolls,  Clarifiers,  Vacuum  Pans,  Air  Pumps, 
Concentrators,  Bag  Filters,  Charcoal  Filters,  Blow-up 
Tanks,  Coolers  and  Receiving  Tanks. 

Miscellaneous   Machinery. 

Flour  Mill  Machinery,  Saw  Mill  Engines  and  Boilers, 
Dredging  Machinery,  Oil  Well  Retorts,  Powder  Mill  Ma- 
chinery, Water  Wheels. 


EnninPC     anfi     RniloPC   of  all  kinds,  either  for  use  on  Steamboats  and  made  in  accordance  with    the 
II  y  III  CO     allU     DUIICl  O   Act  of  Congress  regulating  the  same,  or  for  use  on  land.  Water  Pipe,  Pump 
or  Air  Column,  Fish  Tanks  for  Salmon  Canneries  of  every  description. 
Boiler  repairs  promptly  attended  to  and  at  very  moderate  rates. 


PACIFIC    IRON    WORKS, 

First  and  Fremont  Streets,  between  Mission  and   Howard,   San   Francisco,  Cal.. 
RANKIN,    BRAYTON    &    CO., 

Manufacturers    of 

ENGINES,  BOILERS,    MARINE    AND    STATIONARY.      PUMPING,    HOISTING,  AND    MINING    MACHINERY 

INCLUDING  BATTERIES,  AMALGAMATING  PANS  AND  SETTLERS,  CONCENTRATORS,  ORE  FEEDERS, 

CRUSHING  ROLLS  AND  ROCK  BREAKERS.     ALSO,  WATER  JACKET  SMELTING  FURNACES, 

FOR  REDUCING  LEAD,  SILVER    AND    COPPER    ORES,  QUICKSILVER    FURNACES, 

RETORTS  AND  CONDENSERS,  ROASTING  AND   CHLORIDIZING  FURNACES, 

SUGAR    MILL    MACHINERY,  WATER    WHEELS,  Etc.,  ALL    OF    THE 

LATEST  AND  MOST  IMPROVED  CONSTRUCTION. 

Agents  for  the  Allen  Engine"  Governor,  Bailey  Air  Compressor,  Howell's 
Improved  "White  Furnaces,  "Walker's  Compound  Steam  Pumps,  Etc. 


Western  Iron  ^Worlts, 

316     and     318     Mission     Street,     San     Francisco, 
PERRY  EDWARDS.  Prop'r. 

Manufacturer  of  Wrought  Iron  Girders,  Trusses,   Prison   Cells.  Iron  Roofs,  Crest 
Railings,  Finials,  Fences,  Weathervanes,  Gratings,  Iron  Work  for  Models,  Etc. 

Nickel  Plated  Railings.        Bank  and  Store  Fittings.       Estimates  given  and  Iron  Work  furnished  for  Buildings. 


Dewey  &  Co. {*ȣ*} Patent  Ag'ts. 


Driving  Nails  Under  Water. — Stack's  illustrated  ad- 
vertisement appears  once  a  month  in  this  paper. 


1*1 

ifffl 

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afj 

Fwj 

jp«l  -  g? 

WL 

i 

Warn 

Ma 

!  Corner  Beale  and  Howard  Sts., 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 

W.  H.  TAYLOR,  Pres't.  JOSEPH  MOORE,  Sup't. 

Builders  of  Steam  Machinery 

In  all  its  Branches, 

Steamboat.  Steamship,  Land 

Engines  and  Boilers, 

HIGH  PRESSURE  OR  COMPOUND. 


STEAM  VESSELS,  of  all  kinds,  built  complete  with 
Hulls  of  Wood,  Iron  or  Composite. 

ORDINARY  ENGINES  compounded  when  ad- 
visable. 

STEAM  LAUNCHES,  Barges  and  Steam  Tugs  con- 
structed with  reference  to  the  Trade  in  which  they  are 
to  be  employed.  Speed,  tonnage  and  draft  of  water 
guaranteed. 

STEAM  BOILERS.  Particular  attention  given  to 
the  quality  of  the  material  and  workmanship,  and  none 
but  first-class  work  produced. 

SUGAR  MILLS  AND  SUGAR-MAKING 
MACHINERY  made  after  the  most  approved  plans. 
Also,  all  Boiler  Iron  Work  connected  therewith. 

WATER  PIPE,  of  Boiler  or  Sheet  Iron,  of  any  size 
made  in  suitable  lengths*for  connecting  together,  or 
sheets  rolled,  punched,  and  packed  for  shipment  ready 
to  bo  riveted  on  the  ground. 

HYDRAULIC  RIVETING.  Boiler  Work  and 
Water  Pipe  made  by  this  establishment,  riveted  by 
Hydraulic  Riveting  Machinery,  that  quality  of  work 
being  far  superiorto  band  work. 

SHIP  WORK.  Ship  and  Steam  Capstains,  Steam 
Winches,  Air  and  Circulating  Pumps,  made  after  the 
most  approved  plans, 

PUMPS.  Direct  Acting  Pumps,  for  Irrigation  or  City 
Water  Works  purposes,  built  with  the  celebrated  Davy 
Valve  Motion,  superiorto  any  other  Pump. 


Electric  Model  &  Machine  Works 

Inventors  and  others  can  pet  First-Class 
Work  at  Moderate  Prices. 

After  10  years  experience  with  inventions  and  other 
mechanical  work,  I  am  fully  prepared  to  execute  draw- 
ings, working-models  and  fine  machinery  of  any  descrip- 
tion to  entire  satisfaction. 

Brass  Finishing,  Pattern  Making,  Gear  Cutting,  Tele- 
graphic and  other  Electrical  Apparatus  by  competent 
workmen. 

TELEPHONES    TO    ORDER. 

F.  W.  FULLER,  415  Market  Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Main    Street    Iron    Works, 

WM.    DEACON,    PROPRIETOR. 

Nos.  131, 133  &  135  Main  St.,  San  Francisco. 

Siaiionary  and  Marine  Engines, 

Shafting,  Pulleys,  and  General  Machine  Work.  Jobbing 
aud  repairing  done  Promptly  and  at  Lowest  Rates. 
Screw  Propellors,  Propeller  and  Steamboat  Engines. 

SAW  MILLS  and  SAW  MILL  MACHINERY. 


5:1x12 
6xlr 

7x1: 

8x12 

1.10x14 
d  ( 

„  1  W! 
Si    8xi2 

I  9x14 
(5  1.1CKU 


sAUSES 


BERRY&PLACE 


Market,  head  of  Front  Street,  San  Francisco. 


Steel  Castings. 

From  \  to  10,000  Ihs.  weight,  true  to  pattern,  sound  and 
solid,  of  unequaled  strength,  toughness  and  durability. 
An  invaluable  substitute  for  forgings  or  cast-iron  requir- 
ing three-fold  strength.    Send  for  circular  and  price  list  to 

CHESTER    STEEL     CASTINGS    CO., 

EVELINA    STREET,        -       -       PHILADELPHIA,   PA. 


Diamond    Drill    Co. 

The  undersigned,  owners  of  LESCHOT'S  PATENT 
for  DIAMOND  POINTED  DRILLS,  now  brought  to  the 
luehest  state  of  perfection,  are  prepared  to  fill  orders 
for  the  IMPROVED  PROSPECTING  AND  TUNNELING 
DRILLS,  with  or  without  power,  at  short  notice,  and 
at  reduced  prices.  Abundant  testimony  furnished  of 
the  great  economy  and  successful  working  of  numerous 
machines  in  operation  in  the  quartz  and  gravel  mines 
on  this  coast.  Circulars  forwarded,  and  full  infor- 
mation given  upon  application. 

A.  J.  SEVERANCE  &  CO. 
Office,  No.  320  Sansome  street,  Room  10. 


GOLD    MINE    WANTED. 

One  now  paying  more  than  expenses.     Address 

W.    S.    KEYES,   M.   E., 
No.  310  Pine  St.,  Boom  42,  San  Francisco. 


January  25,  1879.] 


EDISON'S  ELECTRIC  PEN   and  PRESS. 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


63 


MAKES    5,000    COPIES    FROM    ONE    WRITING. 
Bequires    no    Prepared    Ink,     or     Paper,     no     Skilled     Expert     to     do     Good     Work 
From    5    to    15    Copies    per    minute    by    an    Office    Boy. 
Indispensable  to  Lawyers,  Bankers,  Colleges  and  Schools,  Music  Dealers,  Heal  Kbtato  Man.   and    Business  Finns 
in  every  department  of  trade. 

Costs    but    $2.50    Per    Annum    to    run    it. 


WHAT    THEY    SAY: 
"Ah  good  as  a  full-grown  lithographic  establishment."— Bakkr  &  HAMILTON. 
"Indispensablo  to  the  use  ol  thtfl  office,"— Fmu.mas's  Fi  nd  [nsubakob  Co. 
"Exceeds  our  most  sanguine  expectations."— Hy  Balzkk  &.  Co. 

"I  would  not  be  without  it  for  Ave  times  its  cost."—  Gbo.  Lkywton,  Attorn ey-at-law. 
"Very  useful  and  fully  moots  our  expectations. "— W.  T.  COLBMAM  &  Co. 

"Han  become  one  of  the  most  valuable  appendages  of  the  Academy."— CAL.  MILITARY  Academy. 
"Wo  would  on  no  account  dispose  with  it  "— Imi-bhial,  LONDON,  Nortiikrn  and  Qtobs  I.nisurancb  Co.'s. 
Call  on,  or  send  for  Circular  and  Samples  of  work  to 

E.  A  DAKIN,  Gen'l  Agent  for  Pacific  Coast,  209  Sansome  St.,  S.  F. 


Ingersoll  Rock  Drills. 


In  use  in    the    largest    and  best 
Mines  of  the  Obast. 

HAS    AUTOMATIC  FEED. 

Has  less  Repairs. 

Is  Lighter  and  more   Easily  Ad- 
justed than  any  other  Drill. 
Our  DRY  AIR  COMPRESSORS  are  the  most  Economical  Compressors  in  the  Market. 

MINERS'  HORSE-POWER. 


This  Power  is  especially  adapted  to  working  mines,  hoist- 
ing coal  or  building  material,  etc.  It  will  do  the  work  of  a 
Steam  Engine  with  one-tenth  the  expense.  One  Horse  cau 
easily  hoist  over  1,000  pounds  at  a  depth  of  500  feet. . 

The  Power  is  mainly  built  of  wrought  iron,  and  cannot  he 
affected  by  exposure.  The  hoisting-drum  is  thrown  out  of 
gear  by  the  lever,  while  the  load  is  held  in  place  with  a  brake! 
by  the  man  tending  bucket.  The  frame  of  the  Power  is 
bolted  to  bed-timbers,  thus  avoiding  all  franio  work.  "When 
required  these  Powers  are  made  iu  sections  for  packing. 


REYNOLDS,   RIX   &  CO.,  18  &  20   Fremont  St.,  San  Francisco, 


SANDERSON  BROS.  &  GO.'S 

Best  Refined.  Cast-Steel. 

Warranted  Most  Superior  for  Drills,  Hammers,  Etc. 

A  full  and    complete  stock  of  this   reliable  and  well-known 
brand  of  Steel,  for  mining  and  other  uses,  now  in  stock  and  for  sale 

At  No.  417  Market  St.,  S.  F.,   ■    H.  D.  Morris,  Agent. 


mm 


San   Francisco   Pioneer   Screen   Works, 

J.  W.  QUICK,  Manufacturer, 

Several  first  premiums  received 
for  Quartz  Mill  Screens,  and  Per- 
forated Sheet  Metals  of  every 
description.  I  would  call  special 
attention  to  my  SLOT  CUT  and 
SLOT  PUNCHED  SCREENS. 
which  aro  attracting  much  at- 
tention and  giving  universal 
I  satisfaction.  This  is  the  only 
\  establishment  on  the  coast  de- 
voted exclusively  to  the  manufac- 
ture of  Screens.  Mill  owners  using  Battery  Screens  exten- 
sively can  contract  for  large  supplies  at  favorable  rates. 
Orders  solicitedand  promptly  attended  to. 

32  Fremont  Street.  San  Francisco. 


Much  Obliged,  Etc. 

Portland,  Oregon,  June  26th,  1877. 
Dkwky  &  Co.',  Patent  Solicitors,  S.  F.— Gents:  I  am 
much  obliged  to  you  for  courteay  shown  me,  and  am  much 
pleased  with  the  manner  in  which  you  have  done  my  bus- 
iness, and  assure  you,  will  cheerfully  recommend  you  to 
my  acquaintance  needing  such  services.  Hope  to  have  a 
case  again  before  long,  of  my  own.  I  have  been  an  inventor 
all  my  life,  but  let  others  reap  the  benefit,  or  had  work 
Btolen  from  me.  Please  have  the  extra  copies  of  my  pa 
ent,  etc.,  mailed  to  me  direct,  and  oblige 

Yours  truly,  J.  EC.  Woodrdm. 


THE    AMERICAN 


All  sizes, 

and  adapted  to 

fropi 

3  to  500 

feet  head 


Water  Wheels 

THE  BEST  IN  THE 
WORLD  ! 


Send  for  our  Circular 
and  Prices. 

BERRY  &  PLACE. 

Market  St.,  Head  of  Front, 

San  Francisco. 


Superior  Wood  ar,d  Metal  Engrav- 
ing, Electrotyping  and  Stereotyp- 
_     ing  done  at  the  office  of  the  Mining 

and  Scientific  Press,  San  Francisco,  at  favorable  rates. 

Send  stamp  for  our  circular  and  samples. 


Engraving. 


RUSSELL'S  AMALGAMATOR. 


Patented  June  26th,  187& 


SAYE    YOTTIR,    GOLD 
And    Also    SAVE    YOUR    QUICKSILVER. 

The  above  Washer  and  Amalgamator  with  new  patent  Wire  Bridge  Quicksilver  Boxes  attached,  can  be  worked 
wot  or  dry,  either  by  band,  steam,  horse  or  water  power,  and  is  easily  taken  apuri  ami  i.aeked.  For  washing  Pulp 
Earth,  Gravel,  Mill  Tailings  or  Black  Sand,  it  is  without  a  rival. 

Has  been  Thoroughly  Tested  and  given  Complete  Satisfaction. 

The  entire  Lining,  Hanging-  Plates,  Riffles  and  Boxes  Amalgamated 

IS    GUARANTEED    TO  SAVE    THE    FINEST    OR    FLOAT    GOLD. 

Capacity,  30  to  60  tons  per  day,  according  to  size.     For  further  particulars  apply  to 

J.  MORIZIO,  Gen'l  Agt.. 

Room  24,  Safe  Deposit  Building,  Corner  Montgomery  and  California  Streets,   SAN  FRANCISCO. 

ELECTRIC    LIOHT. 

BRUSH     PATENT. 
The  Best,  Cheapest,  Cleanest,  and  Most  Powerful  Light  in  the  World 

In  daily  use  at  the  Palace  Hotel  and  the  Union  Iron  Works,  S.  P. 


For  Lighting  Mines,  Factories,  Mills,  Streets, 
Theaters,  Public  Halls,  Etc.,  It  has  no  Equal, 
either  for  Brilliancy  or  Cheapness. 

For  further  particulars,  Catalogues,  Prices,  Etc., 
apply  to 

WILLIAM    KERR, 

President  S.  F.  Telegraph  Supply  Co., 

903  Battery  St.,  San  Francisco. 


Address,  FBASBB,  CHALMERS  «&:  CO.,  OhlesKSO,  111. 


O 
LU 

a. 

LU 

EC 


X 

o 


o 

V) 


MTTSICA_L  BOXES 

For  Holiday,  Birthday  and  Wedding  Presents. 


Is/L.    J". 


OO. 


PAILLABD     &c 

Manufacturers  and  Importers, 

No.  120  Sutter  St.,  San  Francisco. 


o 

c 


m 

so 

CO 


64 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[January  25,    1879. 


Mining    Machinery    Depot, 

PARKE   &   LACY,   417   Market  St. 

AIR  COMPRESSORS  and  ROCK  DRILLS. 

HOISTI1TG-    lEZLNTGrllsriES, 

ALL  SIZES,  DOUBLE  AND  SINGLE,  WITH  SINGLE  and  DOUBLE  REELS, 

Pressure  Blowers.     Diamond  Anti-Friction  Metal.     Flexible   Shafts. 

PUMP 

^llll  Centrifugal  Pumps  for  Irrigating.        BURLE|GH   A|R    C0MPRESS0R 

AIR 
COLUMN. 


HOOK 

BURLEIGH   ROCK   DRILL,       ",~"-'xv 

Does  more  work  at  Less  Cost  And 

THAN  ANY  OTHER   ROCK  DRILL.   LADDER 

FIRE  ENGINES,         Trucks' 
Balbcock  Chemical  Engines, 

Hose  Carts  and  Fire  Extinguishers. 


Gives  Better  Besults  than  any 
Compressor  Known. 


DEANE'S     STEAM      PUMPS, 


VERTICAL     AND     HOBIZONTAL. 


Putnam's    Wood-Working    Machinery. 

MACHINISTS'   TOOLS. 

Lathe  Chucks.     Farmers'  Battery. 

HILL'S    EXPLODERS. 

SEND    FOR  CIRCULARS. 


BALDWIN'S  THEATER. 

THOMAS  MAGUIKE Manager. 

F.  Lybtbr Acting  Manager. 

Chas.  H.  GoonwiN Treasurer. 

J.  P.  Chapman Assistant  Treasurer. 

Open    Every    Evening-   with    the    Regular 
Company. 

Corner  Market  and  Powell  Streets.  Open  every 
evening  and  Saturday  matinee.    Box  office  open  daily. 

BUSH    STREET   THEATER. 

Chas.  E.  Locke Lessee  and  Manager 

CALLENDER'S    GEORGIA    MINSTRELS. 

Open  every  evening  and  Saturday  Matinee. 

CALIFORNIA  THEATER. 

Barton  &  Lawlor Manager. 

Barton  Hill Acting  Manager. 

JOHN    T.    RAYMOND. 

Bush  Street,  above  Kearny.  Open  every  evening.  Box 
office  open  from  9  a.  m.  to  10  P.  m.  Seats  may  be  secured 
Bix  days  in  advance. 

STANDARD    THEATER. 

M.  A.  Kennedy Sole  Lessee  and  Manager . 

RICE'S    SURPRISE    PARTY, 

Bush  Street,  above  Montgomery.  Open  every  evening. 
Seats  may  be  secured  six  days  in  advance. 


Scientific  and  Practical  Books 
on  Mining,  Metallurgy,  Etc. 

Published  or  issued,  wholesale  and  retail,  by  DEWEY  & 
CO.,  Mining  and  Scientific  Press  Office,  Sr  F. 

BY  GUIDO   KUSTEL. 

Mining  Engineer  and  Metallurgist. 

Roasting  of  Gold  and  Silver  Ores,  and  the 
Extraction  of  their  respective  Metals  without  Quick- 
silver.    1870. 

This  rare  book  on  the  treatment  of  gold  and  silver  ores 
without  quicksilver,  is  liberally  illustrated  and  crammed 
full  of  facts.  It  gives  short  and  concise  descriptions  of  va- 
rious processes  and  apparatus  employed  in  this  country 
and  in  Europe,  and  explains  the  why  and  wherefore. 

It  contains  142  pages,  embracing  illustrations  of  fur- 
naces, implements  and  working  apparatus. 

It  is  a  work  of  great  merit,  by  an  author  whose  reputa- 
tion is  unsurpassed  in  his  specialty. 
Price,  $2.50  coin,  postage  free. 

Concentration  of  Ores  (of  all  kinds),  including 
the  Chlorination  Process  for  Gold-bearing  Sulphurets, 
Arseniurets,  and  Gold  and  Silver  Ores  generally,  with 
120  Lithographic  Diagrams.     1867. 

This  work  is  unequaled  by  any  other  published,  embrac- 
ing the  subjects  treated.  Its  authority  is  highly  esteemed 
and  regarded  by  its  readers;  containing,  as  it  does,  much 
essential  information  to  the  Miner,  Millman,  Metallurgist, 
and  other  professional  workers  in  ores  and  minerals,  which 
cannot  be  found  elsewhere  in  print.  It  also  abounds 
throughout  with  facts  and  instructions  rendered  valuable 
by  being  clearly  rendered  together  and  in  simple  or- 
der. It  contains  120  diagrams,  illustrating  machinery, 
etc.,  which  alone  are  of  the  greatest  value.    PRICE,  $7.50 


Prompt  Attention  to  Business. 

Aurora,  Nev.,  Dec.  7th,  1878. 
Dewey  &  Co.,  S.  F.— Dear  Sirs:— I  acknowl- 
edge the  receipt  of  my  patent  per  express  this  morning, 
and  am  obliged  for  same.  I  do  not  know  what  to  say  to 
you  regarding  your  prompt  attention  to  business,  but  will 
say  to  my  friends  what  I  cannot  say  to  you.  Many  thanks 
is  what  you  will  get  from    Yours  truly,        C.  W.  Lane. 


Dewey  &  Co&liUPatent  Ag'ts 


MANUFACTURED  UNDER  A.   NOBEL'S  ORIGINAL  AND  ONLY  VALID  NITRO-GLYCERINE  PATENTS 

Nos.  ONEt   TWO    and    THREE. 
Stronger,   Better  and  Safer  than  any  other  High  Explosive. 

Judson    Powder 

IS  NOW  USED  IN  ALL  LARGE  HYDRAULIC  CLAIMS. 

It  breaks  more  ground,   pulverizes  it  better,   saves  time  and  money,   and  i3    superseding    the    ordinary 
powder  wherever  it  is  tried.    £3TTriplo  Force  Caps  and  all  Grades  of  Fuse. 

BANDMANN,    NIELSEN    &    CO..  San  Francisco. 


VULCAN  BLASTING  POWDER. 


The  strongest  and 
most  economical  ex- 
plosive in  use. 


Wherever  it  has  been  given  a  test,  it  has  surpassed  all  other  high  explosives. 

\A/nnl/~  ot    SAN  PABLO,  California,  |  nffioa      No.  123  California   Street, 

WUlK^dl        and  RENO.  Nevada.  |  UIIIUB,  SA_N    FRANCISCO. 


GARDNER'S 

Celebrated 


These  Steam  Governors  have   long 
been  known  as  THE  BEST,  and 
as  lately  Improved  and  Per- 
fected, they  have  no  Rival. 

THE    SAFETY     STOP 

On  these  Governors  is  alone  worth   double  the  price  of 
the  Governor.     We  have  sold  over  six  hundred,  aud 

Never  one  has  Failed. 

They  are  sold  at  the  same  price  (or  less)  as  ordinary 
Governors.     Send  for  Circular. 

BERRY  &   PLACE, 

Market,  head  of  Front  St.,  San  Francisco 


DIVIDEND    NOTICE. 

The  German  Savings  and  Loan  Society. 

For  the  half  year  ending  this  date,  the  Board  of  Direc- 
tors of  THE  GERMAN  SAVINGS  AND  LOAN  SOCIETY 
has  declared  a  Dividend  on  Term  Deposits  at  the  rate  of 
seven  and  one-half  (7£)  per  cent,  per  annum,  and  on  Ordi- 
nary Deposits  at  the  rate  of  six  and  one-fourth  (G\)  per 
cent,  per  annum,  free  from  Federal  Taxes,  and  payable  on 
and  after  the  15th  day  of  January,  1879.     By  order. 

GEORGE  LETTE,  Secretary. 

San  Francisco,  December  31st,  1878. 


The  Large  Circulation  of  the  Min- 
ing  and  Scientific  Press  extends  through- 
out the  mining  districts  of  California,  Nevada, 
Utah,  Colorado,  Arizona,  Idaho,  Montana- 
British  Columbia,  and  to  other  parts  of  North 
and  South  America.  Established  in  1860,  it 
has  long  been  the  leading  Mining  Journal  of 
the  continent,  its  varied  and  reliable  contents 
giving  it  a  character  popular  -with  both  its 
reading  and  advertising  patrons. 


W.   T.   GARRATT'S 

BEASS  and  BELL  FOUNDRY 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 
MANUFACTURER  AND  LMPORTER  OP 

Church  and  Steamboat  BELLS  and  GONGS 
BRASS  CASTINGS  of  all  kinds, 
WATER  GATES,   GAS  GATES, 
FIRE  HYDRANTS, 

DOCK  HYDRANTS, 

GARDEN  HYDRANTS 

General  Assortment   of    Engineers'  Findings. 

Hooker's    Pa.tent 
Celebrated 

STEAM  PUMP 

A^Thc  Best  and  Most 
Durable  in  use.  Also, 
a  variety  of  other 

'      PUMPS 

For  Mining  and  Farm- 
ing Purposes. 

ROOT'S  BLAST  BLOWERS, 

For  Ventilating  Mines  and  for  Smelting  Works.' 

HYDRAULIC    PIPES    AND     NOZZLES, 

For  Mining  Purposes, 

Garratt's    Improved    Journal    Metal. 

IMPORTER   OF 

IRON  PIPE  AND  MALLEABLE    IRON    FITTINGS, 

ALL  KINDS  OF 

WORK  AND  COMPOSITION  NAILS, 

AT  LOWEST  RATES. 


A.  S.  HALLIDEE, 

ice,  No.  6  tajjf^nia^Sreet, 


Iron  and  Steel  Wire  Rope, 

Flat  and  Round,  for  Mwin&Jjhfpping, 
Hoisting  and  G^mgHtyrposes. 

Having  the/most  caafpleto  .jwrfT" extensive 
Wua-KSV  VVbrk8  i  J  the>Ernited  States,  I  am 
prepi««i'"to  m£&s?iicturo  Wire  Hope  and  Cables 
of  an^Jengtb  or  sizo  at  short  notice,  and  guar- 
antee the  quality  and  workmanship  equal,  to 
any  made  at  home  or  abrajrfr^v 

Iron,  Steel -and^G^va)ized  Wire 

Of  all  fefaes  o\  ham\or-mado  to  order. 

Barijeeh  Tence 

Solo  Propr 

Hallidie!s  -r ErfileW>iiGjj6way, 

F^hltofcspoJatleVor  Ores.  Etc. 
^SenMir  a/Circnlar. 

A.  S.  HAIXXDIE, 

Office,  No.  6  CalifornTo.  St.,  San  Franclsc* 


SPATJLDING'S 


PRINTER'S   PROOF  PRESS, 

COMPLETE    AND    IN    GOOD     WORKING    ORDER, 

For  Sale  at  this  office, 
AT    THE    LOW    PRICE    OF    $37-50. 

rtSTCall  and  see  it.TSi 


This  paper  is  prhited  with  Ink  furnished  by 
Chas.  Eneu  Johnson  &  Co.,  500  South  10th 
St.,  Philadelphia  &  59  Gold  St.,  N.  Y. 


PATENT   DETACHABLE   TOOTH    SAWS, 

Manfuactory,  17  &  19  Fremont  St.,  S.  F. 

Paul's  Pulverizing  Barrel. 

Electric  Mill,  Butte  Co.,  Cal, 
Almarin  B.  Paul. — Sir: — Yours  requesting  my  opinion 
of  your  barrel,  received.  You  can  state  I  have  used  one 
for  about  tbree  years,  and  that  it  has  proved  all  you  rep- 
resented it  to  be.  It  does  more  good  work,  in  reducing 
quartz  fine,  for  less  power  and  wear  and  tear,  than  any 
machine  I  know  of.  The  simplicity  of  the  barrel,  the 
economy  and  perfectness  of  operation  of  the  automatic 
feed  and  discharge,  will  satisfy  anyone.  I  have  rim  the 
barrel  for  weeks,  day  and  night,  without  any  stoppage 
whatever— only  on  Sundays.  The  barrel  requires  but 
very  little  attention — in  fact  no  more  than  a  stamp  batery. 
I  expect  to  st.on  send  you  an  order  for  another. 
Respectfully, 

C.  H,  ROLLINS,  Supt. 
For  particulars  and  circulars  apply  to 

ALMARIN  B.  PAUL, 
Room  20,  Safe  Deposit  Building,  San  Francisco 


DEWKY     & 


SAN  FRANCISCO,  SATURDAY,  FEBRUARY  1,  1879. 


VOLUME    3£  XXVIII 

IN  ii  nil  tor     r>. 


The  Niles  Steam  Engine. 

Tho  increasing  use  ef  steam  in  various  work 
pertaining  to  the  industries  of  every  day  life  is 
bringing  out  a  class  of  smaller  sized  engines 
and  boilers  which  are  admirably  adapted  to  the 
purposes  for  which  they  are  designed. 

The  Niles  ^engine,  shown  in  tho  illustration 
on  this  page,  is  certainly  of  very  handsome  and 
ayroraetrical  design,  and  it  has  points  in  its 
style  of  manufacture  and  the  materials  us  d, 
which  commend  it  to  attention.  The  size 
shown  in  the  engraving  is  that  ranked  as  8- 
horse  power,  but  there  are  smaller  sizes  and 
larger  sizes  made  to  suit  the  requirements  of 
the  user.  Tho  smallest  engine  is  warranted 
to  develop  2-horse  power  and  the  largest  12- 
horso  power,  with  60  pounds  of  steam  pres- 
sure. The  intermediate  sizes  are  4,  G,  8  and 
10-horse  power.  The  engine  and  boiler  are 
mounted  together  upon  a  substantial  cast-iron 
base,  forming  a  complete  power  outfit.  The  en- 
gine is  not  attached  to  the  boiler,  but  is 
erected  on  the  same  base  with  it.  It  is, 
therefore,  not  subject  to  the  injurious  effects 
of  contraction  and  expansion.  The  bearings 
are  not  heated,  and  the  lubricating  oils  are 
not  baked  on  the  working  surfaces.  Neither 
is  the  engine  injured  by  vibration  when  run- 
ning. Each  engine  above  four  horse-power 
is  provided  with  a  heater,  into  which  the 
exhaust  steam  escapes;  the  feed  water  is 
heated  up  to  nearly  the  boiling  point  (212°) 
before  entering  the  boiler.  The  advantage 
of  this  is  apparent,  as  it  costs  nothing  to 
heat  the  water  in  this  way.  It  produces  a 
decided  saving  of  fuel,  and  the  injury  to  the 
boiler  incident  to  injecting  cold  water  is 
avoided. 

The  boilers  are  made  of  the  very  best  ma- 
terial, entirely  wrought-iron,  and  are  of  am- 
ple size  to  furnish  the  entjine  with  steam 
when  exerting  its  maximum  power,  having  15 
square  feet  of  heating  surface  per  horse- 
power. No  cast-iron  whatever  is  used  in  its 
construction.  The  tubes  are  arranged  for 
complete  circulation,  and  are  entirely  below 
the  water  line,  preventing  the  possibility  of 
leakage.  The  trimmings  are  the  best,  com- 
prising gauge  cocks,  glass  water  gauge, 
steam  gauge,  safety  valve,  check  valve, 
blow-oft'  cock  and  feed  pump.  The  Niles 
engines  are  represented  on  this  coast  by 
Parke  &  Lacy,  of  417  Market  street,  San 
Francisco,  where  the  machines  may  be  seen 
and  examined  by  all   interested. 


ASTROLOGY  has  in  this  last  century  of  scientific 
progress  fallen  into  tho  saddest  disrepute  of 
charlatanry.  But  such  was  not  always  the 
estimation  in  which  the  conjunction  of  the 
planets,  and  of  the  occult  causes  of  the  heavens, 
were  regarded  by  the  profoundest  thinkers  of 
the  past.  The  Arabians  astrologists  were  the 
originators  of  mathematics,  and  of  the  exact 
methods  of  dealing  with  the  unknown  quantities 
that  gave  birth  to  inductive  science  after  many 
centuries.  We  direct  the  reader's  attention  to 
Mr.  Purnell's  study  of  cosmic  meteorology,  for  a 


Mining  Accidents  and  the  Lessons  they 
Teach. 

Having  kept  a  partial  list  of  the  fatal  acci- 
dents that  have  occurred  in  our  mines  during 
the  past  year,  we  find  that  these  casualties  ag- 
gregate a  larger  number  than  most  persons 
would  suppose.  Our  list  is  imperfect  and  fails 
to  cover  the  whole  of  oar  mining  territory,  and 
yet  it  embraces  not  less  than  65  or  70  cases  of 
deaths  resulting  from  accidents  of  this  kind,  to 


The  Signal  Service. — We  had  the  pleas- 
ure the  other  day  of  meeting  Lieut.  S.  C. 
Vedder,  of  the  U.  S.  Signal  Service  corps, 
who  was  on  his  way  to  Washington  Territory 
to  supervise  the  construction  of  a  military 
telegraph  line,  over  a  route  which  Gen. 
Howard's  late  Indian  campaign  showed  to 
be  very  desirable.  We  questioned  Lieut. 
Vedder  concerning  the  recent  extension  of 
"Old  Probabilities"  work  to  this  coast,  and 
he  said  it  was  the  desire  of  the  service  to 
develop  the  system  of  prognostications  and 
warnings  on  this  coast  as  fully  as  they  are 
now  developed  on  the  Atlantic  side.    There 


are,  however,  obstacles  in  the  way,  owing  to  ;S!|| 


the   location    and    the    inability  of  ubscrvirs  -.  '~y^'-iv 
getting  foreknowledge  of  the  many   storms    ^^g 
which  come  unannounced  from  the  seaward. 
However,  it  may  appear  that  the  system  can 
be  applied  with  full  accuracy  as  soon  as  the 
Pacific   coast  conditions   are   better    under- 
stood, through   a  longer  period  of  observa: 
tion.     Thus  far,  during  the  few  weeks  which 
probabilities     have    been     forwarded     to    this 
coast,  they  have  proved  gratifyingly  correct  and 
we  have  much  confidence  in  the  ultimate  value 
of  the  work  of  the  corps  in  the   Pacific  States. 
We  urged  upon  the  attention  of  the  officer  the 
great  advantage  it  would  be  to  our  raisin  and 
fruit  drying  interest  to  have  announcement   of 
the  October  rains,  and   he   expressed  a  willing- 
ness to  bring  the  matter  to  the  attention  of  the 
authorities  at  Washington  on  his  return  from 
his  northern  mission.     Lieut.  Vedder  is  enthu- 
siastically  devoted  to   the   work  of  the  Signal 
corps  and  would  be  gratified  to  have  it  prove  of 
as  great  value  here  as  in  the  other  parts  of  the 
country. 


THE    NILES    ENGINE-SIZE,    EIGHT-HORSE    POWER. 


novelty  to  which  he  is  leading — the  possibility  of 
a  scientific  reality  in  what  has  been  hitherto 
known  as  astrology. 


W.  Holmes,  of  the  Hayden  survey,  reports 
the  discovery  of  a  large  obsidian  quarry  near 
the  head  of  the  middle  forks  of  Gardiner's  river 
in  the  northwest  of  the  Yellowstone  National 
park.  The  deposits  are  nearly  600  feet  thick, 
and  the  horizontal  extent  has  not  yet  been  as- 
certained. 


Eight  companies  of  troops  will  take  the  field 
in  April  to  overawe  the  Indians,  who  are  now 
acting  sullenly. 


say  nothing  of  the  much  larger  number  of  men 
who  have  been  wounded,  or  sustained  other 
physical  injury,  often  of  a  serious  character.  It 
is  true  that  in  noting  these  disasters  we  have 
not  been  called  upon  to  record  any  of  those 
fearful  catastrophies  that  so  often  occur  in  the 
coal  mines  of  England  and  other  of  the  older 
countries,  and  in  which  hundreds  of  lives  are 
sometimes  sacrificed  in  an  instant,  or,  what  is 
worse,  through  the  agonies  and  horrors  of  pro- 
longed suffocation.  As  yet  we  have  happily 
been  spared  these  appalling  disasters;  the  fire 
in  the  Yellow  Jacket  mine,  in  which  some  20 
or  more  lives  were  lost,  approaching  the  nearest 
to  them  of  anything  that  has  occurred  in  our 
mining  history.     But.considering  how  compara- 


tively free  our  mines  are  from  suffocating  and 
explosive  gases,  the  cause  of  most  of  these  fatal 
accidents  in  the  old  countries,  the  annual  Iosb  of 
life  on  this  coast  is  so  deplorably  large  that  we 
feel  constrained  to  urge  upon  the  attention  of 
mining  companies  the  necessity  of  adopting  ad- 
ditional precautionary  measures  for  diminishing 
their  number  in  future. 

From  tho  imperfect  record  of  these  fatalities 
kept  by  us,  we  judge  that  the  largest  number 
of  them  is  due  to  caves  occuring  in  the  stopes, 
drifts  or  other  underground  workings  of  tho 
mines,  not  less  than  15  having  resulted  from 
this  cause  the  past  year.  Next  in  frequency 
comes  deaths  from  blasts,  premature  and 
otherwise,  their  number  for  the  year  amount- 
ing to  at  least  10  or  12.  Eight  or  ten  men 
have  been  asphyxiated,  dying  from  smoke 
or  deadly  gases  accumulated  in  the  mines. 
About  an  equal  number  have  been  killed 
by  falling  down  inclines,  shafts,  etc., 
through  the  breaking  or  parting  of  ropes 
aud  cables,  falling  from  buckets, etc.  Several 
have  beeu  killed  by  rocks,  timbers,  etc.,  fall- 
ing upon  them  while  at  work  below, 
Beveral  also  from  overheat  ;  one  or  two 
from  cars  descending  upon  them,  etc.  Be- 
sides the  killed,  a  still  larger  number  of 
these  men  have  been  wounded,  some  slight- 
ly, others  sorely, — not  a  few,  in  fact,  so 
grievously  that  death  itself  would  perhaps 
have  been  a  better  fate.  When  a  man  in 
the  prime  of  life  has  his  eyes  blownout ;  is 
so  crushed,  dismembered  and  disfigured  that 
he  looses  almost  all  semblance  to  humanity; 
is  rendered  for  the  balance  of  his  days  a 
helpless,  sightless  cripple,  it  were  almost 
a  mercy  had  he  been  killed  outright,  rather 
than  be  reduced  to  such  a  woful  condition. 
And  yet  to  this  pitiful  state  a  good  many 
of  these  unfortunate  men  are  every  year 
brought.  That  they  are  entitled  to  uni- 
versal commiseration  none  will  deny,  though 
there  be  those  who  affect  to  think  that  the 
wages  of  the  miner  might  justly  suffer  ;a 
considerable  reduction.  ADd  so,perhapsthey 
might,  if  only  the  number  of  hours  he  works 
or  thejamount  of  labor  he  performs  are  to 
be  taken  into  consideration.  This,  however, 
would  be  far  from  just.  As  the  professional 
man  is  paid  extra  for  his  knowledge  and 
skill,  so  should  the  miner  be  paid  extra  for 
the  exposure  of  health  and  the  danger  to 
life  and  limb  that  in  the  prosecution  of  his 
duties  he  is  forced  to  incur ;  and  that  his 
present  rate  of  wageB  more  than  fairly 
compensates  him  for  this  additional  hazard 
no  right-minded  employer  will  contend. 

But  while  the  employer  Bhould  not  grumble 

at  the  wages  paid   the  miner,  it  would  be 

well  if  the  latter,  in  view  of  of  his  dangerous 

occupation,  were  to    exercise  a  little  more 

prudence  than  is  his  wont,  and  endeavor  to 

make   better  provision  for$  his   own  wants, 

should  he  be  thrown    out  of  employment, 

or  through  accident  be  temporarily  unfitted 

for  work,  as  well  as  for  the  support  of  those 

who   may  be  dependent  upon   him    in    the 

event  of    his  death.     To  this  end    benevo- 

p  lent  associations   of  a  permanent  and  well- 

H  guarded    kind    should    be     more   generally 

K  organized    and    entered    into.     Each  mem- 

|H  ber    while    employed     and     in    the    enjoy- 

H=  ment  of    health,  should  contribute  a  certain 

amount  of  his   earnings  to    a    general  fund, 

to    be    administered   by    such   association, 

and  upon    which  he  can  draw  when  sickness 

or    adversity   overtakes    him.      They  have 

societies  of  this  kind  already  at  a  few  of  the 

principal  mining   centers,  but  they   should 

be  much  more  general  than  they  are  now, 

that  the  working  miners  are  likely  to  become 

a  large  and  "permanent  class  in  this  country. 

The  Reno  Gazette  thinks  the  Nevada  State 
Senate  lacks  backbone  because  it  refuses  to 
take  hold  of  the  bill  making  the  actions  of  hired 
fighters  in  the  mines  a  felony.  It  thinks  the 
bill  should  be  passed. 

Geologists  having  reported  that  there  is  in 
Japan  enough  workable  coal  to  produce  a  yearly 
yield,  equal  to  that  in  Great  Britain  1.000  years, 
the  Japanese  government  have  agreed  to  grant 
a  loan  of  $1,500,000  for  the  purpose  of  working 
them. , 

Marshal  IMcMahon  has  resigned. 


(!)  t- 


66 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS 


[February  i,  1879. 


CORRESPONDENCE. 


We  admit,  unendorsed,  opinions  of  correspondents.—  Eds. 

Investigate  and  Stop  the  Loss. 

Editors  Press: — The  following  letter  has 
been  received  by  me  from  Yreka,  Siskiyou 
county,  Cal. : 

"I  am  more  and  more  convinced  that  it  is 
utterly  impossible  to  save  more  than  a  small 
proportion  of  the  gold  contained  in  the  ores  of 
California,  by  what  is  known  as  the  wet  process. 
The  result  of  my  own  observation  and  experi- 
ence goes  to  show  me  that  your  oft-repeated  ex- 
pression that,  of  every  $100  in  the  ores  of  Cal- 
ifornia, but  $40  at  most  is  saved,  and  that  $60 
goes  down  the  creek  is  also  too  true ;  and  *  pity 
'tis,  'tis  true,'  for  it  is  impoverishing  our  mines 
and  disheartening  our  miners,  and  the  more  I 
reflect  upon  the  subject,  the  more  I  am  con- 
vinced that  the  battery,  as  usually  worked,  is 
at  best  extremely  wasteful,  and  at  most,  unsatis- 
factory in  its  result.  I  have  in  my  mind's  eye, 
at  present  writing,  the  result  of  a  company, 
who  worked  a  number  of  tons  of  ore  in  an 
arastra,  realizing  $24  per  ton,  which  all  will 
admit  was  good. 

"But  in  this  fast  age  the  arastra  was  too  slow, 
so  a  live-stamp  mill  was  erected,  run  up  to  a 
high  speed,  from  7  to  10  tons  per  24  hours 
rushed  through  the  battery,  doing  a  land-office 
business — company  in  high  feather — result  of 
clean-up,  $5  a  ton  !  Further  result,  an  assess- 
ment to  pay  indebtedness  and  mill  shut  down. 

"Some  four  weeks  since,  I  run  47  tons  through 
a  mill,  and  I  brought  all  my  skill  and  experience 
of  27  years  to  bear  on  it ;  yield,  $15  per  ton, 
while  the  result,  by  arastra,  on  same  ore,  was 
$50  per  ton.  The  ore  actually  carried  $60  per 
ton.  I  mention  the  foregoing  as  illustrations  of 
the  truth  of  the  conclusions  I  have  arrived  at, 
viz. :  That  it  is  sheer  folly  to  expect  that  the 
finer  gold,  which  is  indeed  the  larger  proportion 
of  the  gold  contained  in  the  ores  of  California, 
can  possibly  be  saved  by  the  rush  of  water 
necessary  to  carry  off  the  pulp." 

The  foregoing  is  one  of  many  letters  I  receive 
of  the  same  import.  The  writer  is  one  of  the 
oldest  and  most  intelligent  quartz  miners  of  this 
State,  and,  as  you  see,  an  investigator.  Now, 
when  I  read  so  many  letters,  detailing  similar 
results,  take  my  own  experience  and  look  back- 
ward over  the  quartz-mining  districts  and  see 
the  losses,  I  am  prepared  to  denounce  the  stamp 
battery,  copper  plate  and  blanket  system  of 
mining,  when  it  comes  to  properly  utilizing  our 
wealth  and  giving  a  just  reward  for  capital  and 
enterprise,  as  a  dead  failure. 

Success  is  the  exception,  failure  the  rule. 
Through  recklessness  or  ignorance,  and  it  mat- 
ters not  which,  the  result  is  the  same.  There 
seems  to  be  but  one  idea  when  men  engage  in 
quartz  mining,  and  this  is  to  simply  crush  rock. 
Proper  devices  and  careful  handling  for  saving 
the  metal  is  merely  a  secondary  matter,  when 
it  should  be  the  first.  The  argument  is,  gold, 
being  a  metal,  it  necessarily  goes  to  the  bottom, 
without  any  consideration  of  the  laws  of  re- 
sistance ;  but,  as  experience  shows,  this  way  of 
mining  carries  the  hands  of  operators  too  often 
into  their  pockets  to  foot  the  bill  of  losses, 
because  crushing  rock  don't  pay. 

Statistics  of  California  quartz  mining  show 
that  75%,  at  least,  of  all  the  quartz  mills  erected 
in  this  State  are  failures,  while  the  remaining 
25%  has,  through  extraordinary  richness  of  the 
ore,  been  profitable  enough  to  keep  the  busi- 
ness alive,  and  these  successful  companies 
should  have  been  more  so  by  better  working. 

More  than  half  the  failures  would  have  been 
successes  if  they  had  saved  80%  of  the  value  of 
the  ore.  The  idea  that  it  is  only  necessary  to 
get  a  set  of  stamps,  bobbing  up  and  down  at  a 
lively  rate,  to  crush  rock,  then  to  stand  by  and 
look  at  them  wash  the  sands  (and  gold)  off, 
should  be  stopped.  A  law  prohibiting  this 
waste  of  so  precious  a  metal  as  gold  would  more 
than  double  our  yield,  and  by  so  doing  more 
than  double  the  mining  enterprises.  No  mine 
or  mill  should  be  allowed  to  be  worked  without 
having  a  return  of  S0%  of  the  value  of  the  ore. 
This  rude  way  of  treating  our  gold  ores  belongs 
to  an  age  when  science  and  machinery  were  not 
so  far  advanced  as  they  are  at  this  time.  Silver 
mining  is  so  far  ahead  of  our  universal  system 
of  gold  mining,  in  the  percentage  of  metal  saved, 
that  one,  if  he  did  not  know  it,  would  not  be- 
lieve that  the  working  was  in  the  same  age. 

It  is  surprising  how  few  gold  miners  really 
comprehend,  or  seek  to  know,  the  waste  of  their 
battery  working  by  this  rushing  and  crushing 
system — well  named,  as  it  crushes  rock,  for- 
tunes, and  spirits  at  the  same  time.  And  how 
little  they  desire  to  improve  upon  it.  I  have 
frequently  asserted,  and  it  cannot  be  done  too 
often,  that  the  average  of  California  quartz 
mills  do  not  save  33%  of  the  value  of  the  ores 
worked. 

"But,"  says  one,  "I  save  more  than  that 
mine  is  'free  gold.'  "  Suppose  it  is  "free  gold,' 
and  so  fine  that  it  swims,  is  it  going  to  resist  a 
stream  of  water  used  to  wash  the  coarse  sands 
off?  Not  at  all.  It  moves  on  for  miles,  and  it 
would  seem  that  quartz  men  would  some  day 
come  to  their  senses  on  this  point. 

I  maybe  considered  as  on  the  war-path  against 
our  wasteful  system,  and  I  intend  to  be  until 
a  more  careful  one  is  entered  upon.  In  so  do- 
ing, I  am  going  to  create  investigation,  as  no 
miner  desires  to  willfully  waste  his  wealth;  and 


this  alone  will  be  worth  millions  yearly  to  the 
people  of  this  State.  I  have  several  other  let- 
ters, which  ard  of  general  interest,  that  I  pro- 
pose answering  through  the  Press;  hoping  they 
will  be  received  in  the  spirit  they  are  given — 
for  our  general  good.  Almarin  B.  Paol. 

San  Francisco,  January,  1879. 

[The  foregoing  letters  in  regard  to  dry  crush- 
ing are  forcible  enough,  and  they  sufficiently 
explain  themselves.  We  will  venture  the  sug- 
gestion that,  in  addition  to  the  argument,  care- 
fully prepared  details  of  comparative  working, 
with  the  figures,  would  be  likely  to  receive  all 
the  attention  that  the  subject  deserves  from 
intelligent  engineers. — Eds.  Press.] 


Traction  Engine  for  Plowing. 

Editors  Press: — In  your  issue  of  the  4th 
inst,  "C.  W.  M.,"  alludes  to  using  the  Doane 
traction  engine  for  plowing,  in  a  way  that  leaves 
room  for  a  discussion,  or  calls  for  practical  test. 
As  I  have  made  myself  somewhat  familiar  with 
the  subject,  the  following  few  hints  may  be 
interesting. 

In  the  first  place,  it  can  never  be  practical  to 
use  more  than  three  i2-inch  plows,  because 
more  will  require  an  engine  so  large  and  heavy, 
that  it  will  mire  down  when  the  ground  would 
be  in  a  fit  condition  to  plow.  I  think  that  if  an 
engine  and  boiler  could  be  made  out  of  steel 
that  would  not  weigh  more  than  2,500  pounds, 
and  run  night  and  day,  as  it  well  could  be  by 
using  a  headlight,  that  it  might  be  constructed 
so  that  one  man  could  work  it. 

With  such  an  engine,  I  see  no  reason  why  40 
acres  could  not  be  plowed  in  24  hours,  as  the 
speed  might  be  increased  to  two  or  three  times 
as  fast  as  horses  now  travel,  and  still  do  good 
work. 

It  now  costs  farmers  $5  an  acre  to  plow,  sow 
and  harrow,  because  they  have  to  feed  their 
horses  so  long  without  work,  all  of  which  might 
be  accomplished  by  going  over  the  ground  once 
with  an  engine.  Besides  it  could  be  used  on  a 
threshing  machine,  steam  hay  press,  or  to  haul 
the  produce  off  the  farm.  A  Subscriber. 

Orland,  Colusa  Co. 


Cosmic  Meteorology— No   2. 

[Written  for  the  Press  by  Samuel  Purmbll.] 

In  1867  Mr.  Baxendell  published  the  results 
of  a  scrutiny  of  the  solar  radiation  registers  at 
Oxford,  England,  from  1856  to  1864,  and  came 
to  the  following  conclusions,  among  others  : 
1st.  That  the  calorific  intensity  of  the  sun's 
light  is  subject  to  periodical  changes,  the 
maxima  and  minima  of  which,  correspond 
respectively  with  those  of  sun-spot  frequency, 

2.  That  it  seems  probable  that  the  heating 
rays  of  the  sun  consist  of  two  kinds,  differing 
in  intensity  and  subject  to  periodical  changes, 
the  times  of  maxima  of  one  kind  and  those  of 
minima  of  the  other  corresponding  respectively 
to  the  times  of  maximum  frequency  of  spots. 
He  also  pointed  out  a  connection  between  the 
mean  monthly  variations  of  solar  radiation  in 
cloudless  days,  and  the  mean  monthly  range  of 
the  magnetometer.  In  1871  he  published 
further  researches  on  the  changes  iu  the  distri- 
bution of  barometric  pressure,  temperature, 
and  rainfall,  under  different  winds  during  a 
period  of  solar-spot  frequency.  He  found  that 
changes  had  taken  place  in  the  three  elements 
under  discussion  which  corresponded  very 
closely  in  their  times  of  maxima  and  minina 
with  those  of  sun-spot  frequency. 

In  1875,  Mr.  H.  T.  Blanford,  of  India,  stated, 
that,  from  experiments  conducted  in  Bengal, 
"the  result  is  to  me  very  striking,  and  if  not 
absolutely  conclusive  as  to  the  direct  variation 
of  the  sun's  heat  with  the  number  of  spots  and 
prominences,  certainly,  as  far  as  it  goes, 
strongly  confirms  Baxendell's  conclusions." 

In  1875,  Profs.  Stewart  and  Koscoe  came  to 
the  conclusion  that  there  is  more  sunshine  in 
London  in  years  of  maximum  than  in  years  of 
minimum  disturbance.  In  1876,  Prof.  Stewart 
found  that  the  winter  temperature  range  at 
Kew,  apparently  depends  on  the  sun-spot 
period,  being  greatest  at  times  of  greatest  solar 
movement,  and  vice  versa.  In  1S77,  he  pro- 
duced evidence  to  the  effect  that  the  mean 
daily  range  of  temperature  depended,  among 
other  influences,  upon  the  state  of  the  sun's  sur- 
face with  regard  to  spots.  In  1870,  Prof. 
Piazzi  Smith,  as  the  result  of  observations  made 
in  Scotland  from  1837  to  1869,  concluded  that  a 
great  heat-wave  occurs  every  11  years  and  a 
fraction;  its  maximum  slightly  lagging  behind 
the  minimum  of  the  sun-spot  cycle.  In  1871, 
Mr.  E.  J.  Stone,  from  an  examination  of  the 
records  at  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope  for  30  years, 
stated  that  the  temperature  and  sun-spot  curves 
present  an  agreement  so  close  as  to  compel  him 
to  believe  that  the  same  cause  which  leads  to  a 
decrease  of  mean  annual  temperature,  leads 
equally  to  a  display  of  solar  spots.  Here  also 
was  found  the  maximum  heat  slightly  lagging 
behind  the  minimum  spots.  In  1873,  Signor 
Celoria  observed  a  marked  coincidence  between 
the  temperature  at  Milan  and  the  sun-spot 
periods.     In  1873,  Dr.    W.   Koppen  published 


the  results  of  a  long  series  of  observations  on 
these  cycles.  From  1816  to  1854,  he  states  that 
"the  coincidence  of  temperature  changes  with 
the  sun-spots  does  not  merely  extend  over  tho 
average  length  of  the  cycles,  but  reflects  all  the 
leading  disturbances  and  peculiarities  of  the 
sun-spot  periods."  He  considers  that  there  can 
be  no  question  of  the  actuality  of  the  coinci- 
dences. 

The  regularity  and  magnitude  of  the  undula- 
tions of  the  temperature  curves  are  most 
strongly  marked  in  the  tropics,  and  decrease 
toward  the  poles. 

3.  As  to 

Wind  Disturbances, 
The  evidence  is  very  uniform.  The  frequency 
of  such  disturbances  at  times  of  most  sun-spots 
has  been  observed  in  the  tropics,  where  such 
disturbances  are  more  marked  than  elsewhere. 
Dr.  Meldrum,  of  Mauritius,  some  years  ago  es- 
tablished the  relation  of  sun-spots  and  cyclones 
in  the  Indian  ocean;  and  he  maintains  that  the 
whole  question  of  cyclones  is  one  of  solar  activ- 
ity, and  that  if  we  write  down  in  one  column 
the  number  of  cyclones  in  any  given  year,  and 
in  another  the  number  of  sun-spots,  there  will 
be  a  strict  relationship  between  them:  "Many 
sun-spots,  many  hurricanes;  few  sun-spots,  few 
hurricanes."  In  1873,  M.  Poey  conducted  simi- 
lar researches  on  the  hurricanes  of  the  West 
Indies,  and  found  the  common  periodicity 
strongly  marked.  In  1877,  it  was  found  that 
the  marine  casualties  disclosed  a  cycle  closely 
corresponding  with  the  sun-spot  period.  The 
percentage  of  casualties  to  the  registered  ves- 
sels of  England  was  17£%  greater  during  the 
maximum  two  years  in  the  common  cycle  than 
during  the  minimum  two  years,  in  a  double 
cycle  from  1S55  to  1S76,  inclusive.  The  per- 
centage of  tropical  cyclones  during  the  past  two 
years  has  not  yet  been  ascertained,  but  that  it 
will  be  low  is  evidenced  from  the  fact  that  few 
accounts  of  such  disturbances  have  been  pub- 
lished, and  ships  have,  for  the  most  part,  sailed 
through  tranquil  seas.  According  to  the  theory 
under  discussion  this  should  be  the  case,  as  the 
present  year  is  one  of  an  extreme  minimum  of 
sun-spots,  and  the  probable  close  oE  the  current 
cycle. 

4th.— Rainfall. 

On  account  of  its  industrial  necessities,  and  in 
view  of  the  recurrence  of  periodical  famines  of 
certain  countries,  the  relation  of  sun-spots  to 
rainfall  has  been  much  studied  of  late  years,  and 
many  interesting  facts  have  been  gathered.  As 
this  series  of  articles  is  principally  intended  for 
the  discussion  of  the  rainfall  of  the  Pacific  coast 
of  the  United  States,  and  its  relation  to  the  sun- 
spots  fl actuations,  more  room  will  be  given  to  it 
than  to  the  other  branches  of  the  subject. 
Messrs.  Lockyer  and  Hunter  have  again  pre- 
sented a  summary  of  the  literature  in  this  direc- 
tion, which,  as  far  as  it  goes  and  is  relevant, 
will  be  freely  used  without  further  acknowledg- 
ment. 

Dr.  Meldrum,  from  a  comparison  of  the  rain- 
fall returns  of  Mauritius,  Adelaide  and  Brisbane, 
concluded  that  evidence  of  the  connection 
between  maxima  and  minima  periods  and  the 
corresponding  sun-spot  periods,  although  not 
absolute,  was  very  striking.  In  1873,  Gustav 
Wex  made  an  examination  of  the  depths  of 
water  reported  in  the  Elbe,  Bhine,  Oder,  Dan- 
ube and  Vistula  rivers,  and  concluded  that  the 
years  in  which  the  maximum  amount  of  water 
flowed  down  the  rivers  were  those  of  maximum 
sun-spots,  while  the  minimum  amount  of  water 
occurred  during  years  of  minimum   sun-spots. 

Mr.  G.  M.  Dawson  in  1874,  stated  that  the 
correspondence  between  the  maxima  and 
minima  in  the  solar-spot  cycle,  and  the  hight  of 
the  great  lakes  of  North  America,  though  not 
absolute,  was  sufficiently  close  to  open  up  a  new 
field  of  inquiry.  From  his  investigations,  it  ap- 
peared that,  from  1855  to  1868,  during  maximum 
sun-spot  periods,  the  lakes  were  on  the  average, 
14  inches  higher  than  during  minimum  periods. 
In  1874,  Mr.  J.  H.  Hennessey,  from  an  examina- 
tion of  the  rainfall  of  one  of  the  districts  of 
India,  arrived  at  the  conclusion  that  there  is  a 
close  connection  between  sun-spots  and  rainfall. 
In  1874,  Dr.  Broun,  in  an  analysis  of  the  returns 
from  ten  stations,  considered  it  probable  that  a 
difference  of  two  inches  in  the  rainfall  might  be 
expected  between  years  of  greatest  and  years  of 
least  sun-spot  area.  Prof.  John  Brocklesby*  in 
the  American  Journal  of  Science,  stated  that  the 
results  of  his  examination  pointed  to  a  connec- 
tion between  the  variations  in  the  sun-spot  area 
and  the  rainfall ;  the  rainfall  rising  above  the 
mean,  when  the  sun-spot  area  is  in  excess,  and 
falling  below  the  mean,  in  periods  of  few  spots. 
In  1877,  Lockyer  and  Hunter  published  their 
investigations  into  the  whole  subject,  and  ad- 
duced many  new  facts,  principally  with  respect 
to  the 

Rainfall  of  India. 

At  Madras,  they  found  that  in  five  out  of  six 
years  of  minimum  sun-spots,  during  the  course 
of  64  years  of  observation,  the  rainfall  fell  short 
of  the  average  supply,  and  this  exception  was 
in  1843,  which  was  due  to  a  sporadic  rain  storm 
in  May,  before  the  beginning  of  the  southwest 
monsoon ;  and  that  the  average  rainfall  at 
Madras,  is  40i%  greater  in  years  of  many  than 
in  those  of  few  sun-spots.  The  rainfall  cycle  of 
11  years  at  Madras,  coincides  with  the  cycle  of 
sun-spots.  No  numerical  proportion  has  yet 
been  found,  either  in  India  or  elsewhere,  be- 
tween the  number  of  inches  of  monthly  or 
annual  rainfall,  and  the  actual  number  or  area 
of  sun-spots. 

The  expressions  heretofore  used  with  respect 
to  Madras  may  be  applied,  mutatis  mutandis, 
to  Bombay  also. 

In  1810,    1823,   1832,   1S52,   1865,    1876  and 


1877,  there  was  in  India  a  deficient  rainfall,  and 
in  the  succeeding  years  there  were  famines;  six 
of  these  years  fell  within  the  three-years  group 
of  minimum  sun-spots. 

The  periodicity  in  the  rainfall  at  the 

Cape  of  Good  Hope 
is  even  more  strongly  disclosed  than  in  that  of 
Madras  and  Bombay.  Messrs.  Lockyer  and 
Hunter,  in  summing  up,  find  "absolute  proof 
of  an  11-years  cycle  in  the  great  factors  of  trop- 
ical rainfall;  and  we  further  find  that  the  11- 
years  cycle  in  the  separate  classes  of  terrestrial 
phenomena  correspond  with  the  11-years  cycle 
of  sun-spots.  We  believe  that  the  supposed 
inconsistency  of  the  rainfall  is  simply  a  meas- 
ure, not  of  its  freedom  from  law,  but  of  our 
ignorance.  " 

Some  curious 

Deviations 
From  this  new-found  law  have  been  noted, 
especially  in  California,  which  will  be  consid- 
ered further  on.  The  winter  rainfall  of  Cal- 
cutta and  of  Sydney,  from  1840  to  1876,  shows 
its  maximum  during  the  years  of  fewest  sun- 
spots;  and  the  minimum  winter  rainfall  is  shown 
during  the  years  of  most  sun-spots;  which  is  the 
reverse  of  what  obtains  as  regards  the  rainfall 
for  the  whole  year,  which  coincides  with  the. 
sun-spot  curve.  The  rain  records  of  Jerusalem, 
which  receives  its  total  annual  supply  of  rain 
during  the  winter  months,  have  been  found  to 
coincide  with  those  of  Calcutta  and  Sydney  in 
exhibiting  the  greatest  amount  of  rain  during 
periods  of  fewest  sun-spots. 

Mr.  E.  D.  Archibald  claims  that  his  re- 
searches upon  the  rainfall  of  northern  India 
point  to  the  following  facts:  In  years  of  maxi- 
mum sun-spots  the  summer  rainfall  is  above  and 
the  winter  rainfall  below  the  average;  while  in 
years  of  minimum  sun-spots  the  summer  rain- 
fall is  below  and  the  winter  rainfall  above  the 
average — thus  varying  inversely  as  the  spots. 
{Nature,  Vol.  16). 

Mr.  O.  A.  Derby  says  that  the  relation  be- 
tween sun-spots  and  rainfall  holds  good  in  the 
intertropical  portions  of 

Brazil; 
The  mean  annual  rainfall  varying  from  10.32  in 
the  minimum  to  13.55  in  the  maximum  years. 
The  northern  provinces  of  Brazil  in  1877  (a 
year  in  the  minimum  group)  experienced  the 
most  terrible  drouth  ever  known  there;  and 
many  drouths  have  formerly  occurred  during 
minimum  years,  and  floods  in  maximum  years. 
{Natiire,  Vol.  18). 

Dr.  Meldrum  has  recently  shown  {Nature, 
Vol.  18)  that  the  rainfall 

At  Bdinburg1 

From  1S24  to  1872  shows  a  remarkable  coinci- 
dence with  the  sun-spot  variations;  he  finds 
that  at  Edinburg  the  year  of  minimum  rainfall 
was  on  the  average  the  year  before  the  mini- 
mum sun-spot  year,  and  that  the  year  of  max- 
imum sun-spots  coincided  with  the  year  of  max- 
imum rainfall.  The  rainfall  at  Paris  from  1824 
to  1872  also  increased  and  diminished  with  the 
sun-spots,  the  fall  being  greatest  in  the  years  of 
maximum  spots.  The  minimum  rainfall  oc- 
curred on  the  average  in  the  year  immediately 
preceding  the  year  of  fewest  sun-spots.  Dr. 
Meldrum  remarks  that  the  rainfall  tables  of 
Edinburg  and  Paris,  especially  those  of  Edin- 
burg, are  more  favorable  to  the  theory  than  are 
even  those  of  Madras.  He  remarks,  further, 
that  the  rainfall  of  54  stations  in  Great  Britain 
from  1824  to  1867  was  .75  of  an  inch  below  the 
mean  when  the  sun-spots  were  below  their 
mean,  and  .90  of  an  inch  above  it  when  the  sun- 
spots  were  in  excess;  and  for  the  corresponding 
years  from  34  stations  in  America  from  1824  to 
1867  was  .94  of  an  inch  below,  and  1.13  inches 
above. 

The  very  ingenious  method  by  which  Dr. 
Meldrum  arrives  at  this  result  I  would  be  glad 
to  apply  to  the  rainfall  tables  of  California, 
were  it  not  that  the  principle  when  fully  car- 
ried out  demands  a  continuous  record  of  some 
50  years,  and  our  local  tables  not  being  even 
30  years  old  a  harmonic  mean  cannot  be  accu- 
rately obtained;  still,  a  table  made  upon  this 
principle  will  be  found  further  on. 

Without  going  further  at  present  into  the 
literature  of  the  vexed  question  of  the  relation 
of  sun-spots  and  rainfall,  it  may  now  be  more 
profitable  to  examine  briefly  the  connection  be- 
tween the  spots  and 

Other  Terrestrial 
And  even  celestial  motions  and  phenomena. 

Mr.  F.  Chambers,  of  Bombay,  {Nature,  Vol.  18) 
considers  that  the  Bombay  barometric  observa- 
tions afford  fairly  conclusive  evidence  in  favor 
of  the  sun  being  hottest  about  the  time  of  max- 
imum sun-spot  area,  and  coolest  when  the  spot 
area  is  at  its  minimum.  The  best  place  to  ob- 
serve this  is  in  Central  Asia,  where  the  annual 
variation  of  the  barometric  pressure  is  greater 
than  in  any  other  portion  of  the  globe.  The 
barometric  curve  lags  behind  the  inverted  sun- 
spot  curve,  particularly  in  the  years  of  maxi- 
mum sun-spots.  Upon  the  whole  there  is  in 
India  a  low  pressure  about  the  time  of  average 
sun-spot  maximum,  and  a  high  pressure  about 
the  time  of  sun-spot  minimum. 

The  parallelism  between  the  sun-spot  curve 
and  that  of  the  displays  of  the  aurora  polaris 
from  1780  to  1S70,  was  shown  by  Prof.  Loomis 
in  a  striking  and  convincing  manner,  and  is 
quoted  by  Prof.  Stewart  [Nature,  Vol.  16,)  with 
approval.  In  this,  the  two  curves  are  seen  to 
follow  each  other  closely;  many  sun-spots,  many 
auroras  ;  few  sun-spots,  few  auroras. 

Dr.  Fritz,  of  Zurich,  has  shown  that,  in  Eu- 


Continued  on  page  70. 


February  i,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


67 


I ECHANICAL     W  ROGRESS. 


Recent  Improvements  in  Plows. 

The  improved  American  plow  holds  a  high 
raok  among  the  implements  of  modern  hus- 
bandry, not  only  at  home,  hut  in  the  foruign 
market  In  form,  materials  and  construction 
it  appears  to  be  all  that  it  is  capable  of  Wing, 
and  yet  there  are  constant  developments  of  new 
points  of  excellence.  The  most  obvious  im- 
provement within  the  last  few  yoara  consists  in 
the  use  of  hard  metal,  tint  tor  the  edge,  and 
lat«r  for  the  entire  weariug  surface.  Chilling 
the  edges  and  point  of  the  share  and  the  bot- 
tom of  the  land-side  were  the  first  steps  in  the 
line  of  progress,  made  about  30  years  ago,  but 
within  the  hist  10  years  attention  has  been  di- 
rected to  the  importance  of  reducing  the  fric- 
tion of  the  mold-board.  Hardened  steel  was  in- 
troduced for  this  purpose,  and  is  still  recognized 
as  the  best  material  where  soil  is  wholly  free 
from  grit,  but  it  was  found  that  a  chilled  sur- 
face of  cast-iron,  in  combination  with  the  chill- 
ed share  and  Iand-sido,was  more  easily  kept  in 
repair  in  at!  soils  containing  grit.  The  well- 
known  process  of  chilling  first  resorted  to,  con- 
sisted in  running  the  molten  metal  against  the 
surface  of  cold  iron.  This  method,  while  ren- 
dering the  metal  harder,  made  it  correspond- 
ingly brittle,  and  required  great  care  in  the 
mixture  of  the  iron  to  make  the  chill  penetrate 
uniformly.  This  plan  also  required  a  method 
of  annealing,  sometimes  with  hot  water,  or  by 
building  fires  on  the  back  of  the  mold-board, 
and  sometimes   by  covering  with  heated  sand. 

Laterimprovements  in  mixing  metal  have  been 
successfully  made,  so  as  to  secure  entire  hard- 
ness throughout,  without  the  chilling  process. 
Plows  made  in  this  way  are  usually  known  by 
appropriate  names,  such  as  "Carbon,"  "Dia- 
mond," "Adamant,"  etc,  Long  experience  has 
taught  that  steel  in  certain  combinations  will 
mix  with  melted  pig  iron,  and  with  the  addition 
of  certain  chemicals  will  make  a  homogeneous 
metal  by  pouring  it  into  molds  at  the  right 
time,  which  time  is  ascertained  by  means  of  its 
color.  In  this  way  the  result  is  "hardness, 
uniformity  and  strength. " 

In  former  years,  plows  made  of  cast  iron  were 
SO  rough  that  farmers  were  severely  tried  in 
keeping  them  bright.  As  plows  have  grown 
harder  the  polish  is  more  difficult  to  produce,  as 
well  as  more  durable,  and  on  the  metal  here 
referred  to,  is  said  to  suffer  little  from  corrosion. 
As  the  frietion  of  the  plow  is  equal  to  about  35% 
of  the  whole  force  of  the  draft,  every  expe- 
dient to  reduce  it  is  important  to  the  plowman, 
while  every  increase  of  labor  is  at  the  cost  of 
some  useless  expenditure. 

A  still  better  improvement  in  this  direction 
was  recently  achieved  by  the  introduction  of  a 
reversible  point  in  the  share,  which  thus  be- 
comes self-sharpening,  and  enables  the  farmer 
to  keep  the  bottom  of  the  plow  level,  thereby 
avoiding  the  friction  that  arises  from  a  projec- 
tion of  the  point  of  the  share  below  the  general 
level.  It  has  been  found  that  the  effect  of  a 
sharp  point  is  to  sharpen  the  wing  also.  Among 
other  improvements  by  various  manufacturers, 
is  the  setting  of  the  beam  in  the  center  instead 
of  one  side  of  the  line  of  resistance,  which  is  ad- 
justable at  the  standard  so  as  to  produce  a  bal- 
ance, avoiding  side  drafts. 


Joining  Lead  Pipes  Without  Fire. 

In  connection  with  many  industrial  processes  it 
is  desirable  to  join  lead  tubing  where  the  use  of 
fire  would  be  practically  inadmissible,  and  to 
meet  these  cases  an  ingenious  method  has  been 
proposed  by  Mr.  A.  L.  Bricknell,  of  South- 
ampton Buddings,  by  which  he  can  make  a 
thoroughly  reliable  and  well-shaped  joint  quick- 
ly and  cheaply  without  the  use  of  fire,  solder, 
couplers,  or  other  daugerous  or  costly  materials. 
To  do  this  he  first  drives  a  hard  wood  or  metal 
plug  into  the  bore  of  each  pipe  sufficiently  large 
to  admit  about  one-half  on  its  outer  surface. 
The  enlarged  lead  pipe  is  hammered  up  a  little 
to  compensate  for  the  reduction  of  thickness  by 
enlargement,  and  the  ends  to  be  joined  are 
rasped  or  scraped  clean  and  bright  on  their 
faces.  The  tube  is  then  inserted  about  half  way 
into  each  of  them,  and  by  suitable  mechanical 
appliances  they  are  pressed  into  contact  until 
they  are  welded  together,  being  united  by  co- 
hesion, and  forming  a  continuous  homogeneous 
pipe. 

The  mechanical  appliance  which  he  prefers  to 
use  consists  of  the  two  halves  of  an  oater  die, 
held  together  by  two  longitudinal  horizontal 
connecting  holts,  on  each  side,  and  an  inner 
die,  also  divided  vertically  into  two  halves  on  a 
line,  which  would  pass  through  two  power 
bolts.  The  outer  and  inner  dies,  with  the  two 
connecting  and  two  power  bolts,  and  their  re- 
spective nuts,  constitute  the  press.  Power 
applied  to  nuts  working  on  the  power  screws 
forces  the  inner  die  downward  upon  the  thick- 
ened end  of  the  lead  pipes,  and  effects  the  oper- 
ation of  cold  welding  by  pressure,  as  will  be 
readily  understood.  The  nuts  are  most  conve- 
niently turned,  particularly  in  confined  spaces, 
by  ratchet  wrenches,  which  hold  in  vertical 
grooves  or  notches  provided  around  the  nuts  for 
that  purpose;  and,  as  the  power  bolts  are  cut 
with  right  and  left  hand  threads  respectively, 
the  wrenches  react  upon  each  other,  which  dis- 
penses with  the  necessity  for  holding  the  press, 
and  saves  the  lead  pipe  from  torsional  strain. 
When  the  joint  has  been  welded,  the  dies  being 


in  halves,  are  easily  removed.  The  particular 
office  of  the  tube  is  to  resist  the  inward  yield- 
ing of  the  lead  to  the  force  exerted  outwardly 
upon  it  by  the  press,  and  thus  compel  the  lead 
to  receive  a  much  greater  pressure  than  it 
could  otherwise  possibly  sustain.  The  grooves 
or  projections  00  the  tube  materially  aid  this 
result  by  retarding  the  escape  of  the  lead  from 
the  flanged  part  of  thejoiut,  longitudinally  be- 
tween the  tulw  and  the  press.  The  use  of  the 
tube,  which  has  the  same  internal  diameter  as 
the  pipe,  also  maintains  a  full  and  undiminished 
bore  or  waterway. 

For  the  purpose  of  joining  lead  pipes  at  an 
augle  to  others  he  casts  short  and  compact  T  or 
other  suitably  shaped  junction  or  branch  pipes 
of  lead,  and  proceeds,  as  before  explained, 
except  that  as  such  pipes  may  be  cast  with 
enlarged  and  thickened  ends  it  is  not  necessary 
to  prepare  them  by  enlarging  and  thickeniug,  as 
in  the  case  of  ordinary  lead  pipes.  These  lead 
castings  may  be  conveniently  made  in  small  iron 
molds  fitted  with  iron  cores,  which  can  easily 
be  removed.  Such  molds  may  bo  arranged  to 
receive  the  ends  of  taps  and  such  like  fittings, 
which  may  thus  be  cast  into  the  lead  junction 
pipes.  In  some  cases  a  small  ring  or  short 
piece  of  lead  pipe  may  be  cast  around  a  fitting 
at  a  distance  from  its  end  sufficient  to  allow  of 
its  projecting  into  a  lead  pipe  far  enough  to  form 
a  substitute  or  equivalent  for  the  internal  tube. 
When  this  is  done  the  part  of  the  fittings  so 
projected  must  bo  grooved  to  imitate  the  tube 
it  represents.  If  a  fitting  is  previously  tinned 
at  the  part  upon  which  it  is  intended  to  cast 
the  lead  the  latter  becomes  most  firmly  attached 
to  the  fitting,  and  when  welded  to  a  lead  pipe, 
as  described,  au  extremely  solid  and  reliable 
combination  is  the  result.  A  final  stop  or  end 
to  a  pipe  may  be  a  flanged  cap  or  socket  of  lead 
welded  on  the  end  of  a  pipe  over  the  interior 
tube,  in  a  like  manner  as  two  pipes  are  joined. 
It  will  of  course  be  understood  that  this  is  only 
intended  to  explain  the  general  principle  of  Mr. 
Bricknell's  invention,  for  it  will  be  apparent 
that  other  devices  may  be  used  for  compressing 
the  pipes  end  to  end,  and  that  cams,  wedges,  or 
other  means,  may  be  substituted  for  the  power 
screws  for  drawing  the  two  parts  of  the  dies 
together.  Mr.  Bricknell's  invention  is  likely 
to  come  largely  into  use,  and  is  certaiuly  most 
rapid  and  cleanly. — London  M hi iwj  Journal, 

The  Wheeler  Process  for  Welding  Iron 
and  Steel. 

The  principle  of  the  invention  is  to  bring  the 
two  metals  simultaneously  to  a  welding  heat  in 
one  pile,  and  then  manipulating  it.  The  one 
important  provision — the  key  of  the  situation, 
so  to  speak — is  to  effect  while  in  the  furnace, 
and  immediately  afterward,  a  practical  exclu- 
sion of  oxygen  from  the  surfaces  of  steel  in- 
tended to  be  welded.  This  is  done  by  boxing 
or  inclosing  the  steel  with  plates  of  iron,  which 
plates,  made  to  lie  in  overlapping  contact  at  the 
corners  of  toe  pile  and  with  its  end  plates,  are 
found  to  effect  a  satisfactory  exclusion  of  oxy- 
genating atmosphere.  Such  a  pile,  heated 
gradually  so  as  to  permit  the  suitable  penetra- 
tion of  the  heat  through  its  mass,  bringing  the 
steel  into  a  condition  of  semi-fusion,  is  given  at 
last  a  wash  heat,  to  bring  the  iron  casing  to  a 
proper  welding  temperature,  when  the  whole 
pile — that  is,  the  box  with  its  contents — is 
passed  through  the  rolls.  After  one  or  more 
passes,  the  welding  of  the  iron  to  the  inclosed 
steel  will  be  attained  effectually,  and  the  steel, 
when  of  more  than  one  piece,  will  be  welded 
into  a  homogeneous  mass. 

This  process  is  simply  a  method  of  welding, 
a  process  which  offers  for  our  consideration 
nothing  iu  any  way  anomalous,  and  is  one,  the 
laws  of  which  are  found,  upon  examination,  to 
harmonize  with  those  of  other  metallurgical 
processes  commonly  practiced.  It  has  been  the 
practice  for  a  long  time  to  transform  quantities 
of  steel  scrap  into  homogeneous  masses  by  melt- 
ing it  in  refractory  crucibles,  which  are  kept  as 
such,  and  which  in  use  are  covered  to  exclude 
the  atmosphere  ;  while  in  the  Wheeler  process 
a  malleable  crucible  is  used,  which  is  fed  to  the 
rolls  of  the  mill,  and  the  material  of  which  is 
united  to  its  contents  and  becomes  part  of  the 
product.  The  contents  of  the  crucible  are  not 
necessarily  melted,  as  completely  in  the  new 
practice  as  in  the  old,  but  they  are  brought 
sufficiently  near  to  the  melting  point,  to  secure 
homogeniety  of  product. 

Phosphorus  in  Railroad  Iron. — Mr.  Al- 
fred Earnshaw,  of  Philadelphia,  contributes  to 
the  Bulletin  of  the  American  Iron  and  Steel  As- 
sociation an  article  on  the  true  test  of  steel 
rails,  which  is  of  considerable  interest.  Re- 
ferring to  the  reported  falling  off  in  quality  in 
rails  produced  in  recent  years,  he  states  that 
phosphorus  has  by  general  consent  been  elected 
the  cause,  but  does  not  know  that  it  has  been 
shown  or  ever  will  be  shown  that  a  rail  with 
-say  0  15%  of  phosphorus  will  not  wear  as  well  as 
one  with  0.075%,  as  long  as  it  is  well  made  and 
contains  its  due  proportion  of  carbon  and  man- 
ganese. The  tests  made  by  the  railroad  com- 
panies should  be  physical  tests,  such  as  might 
be  made  by  Thurston's  machine,  and  the  chemi- 
cal tests  should  be  made  by  the  steel  manufact- 
urers. It  is  obviously  no  business  of  the  rail- 
roads what  per  cent  of  phosphorous  a  rail  may 
contain  provided  it  fulfills  the  requirements  of 
the  physical  tests  and  gives  satisfaction  in  the 
track,  and  the  steelmaker  must  be  allowed  to 
work  out  for  himself  the  commercial  as  well  as 
the  chemical  problem  of  how  to  make  cheap 
rails  that  will  wear  most  satisfactorily, 


Are  the  Elements  Compound  Bodies '? 

Prof.  Lockyer's  recent  announcement  to  the 
French  Academy  of  Sciences,  that  he  had  dis- 
covered that  a  number  of  bodies,  hitherto  con- 
sidered elements,  are  really  compound  bodies,  is 
still  exciting  much  interest  everywhere.  Since 
the  publications  above  alluded  to,  the  Professor 
has  read  a  paper  in  relation  to  his  investigations, 
before  a  very  full  meeting  of  the  Royal  Society 
of  London,  which  is  replete  with  the  most  in- 
teresting physical  facts,  but  the  conclusions  and 
inferences  of  which,  are  considered  by  chemists, 
as  somewhat  over  sanguine  We  condense  from 
a  briof  summary  of  this  paper  by  a  contem- 
porary, as  follows: 

His  experiments  and  researches  bear  upon  the 
subject  in  two  directions.  He  has  examined 
solar  and  stellar  spectra,  and  mapped  the  lines 
which  he  has  compared  to  the  spectra  of  what 
ho  believed  to  bo  pure  elements.  He  finds  his 
results  confused  by  the  continued  coincidence 
of  numerous  lines  belonging,  presumably,  to 
different  elements.  Many  of  these  he  has  found 
it  possible  to  eliminate  by  carefully  purifying 
tho  metals  experimented  upon  ;  others  have  re- 
mained. But  prominent  chemists,  including 
Roscoe,  Frankland,  Williamson,  in  the  discus- 
sion following  the  reading  of  Prof.  Lockyer's 
papers,  seemed  to  believe  that  the  difficulty  of 
eliminating  impurities  was  so  great,  and  the 
spectroscope  so  sensitive,  that  _  the  basis  of  his 
direct  experiments — the  purity  of  the  elements 
used — was  unsound. 

Prof.  Lockyer,  however,  claims  to  possess 
means  for  detecting  impurities  and  for  distin- 
guishing them  from  constituents.  By  former 
experiments  with  the  spectra,  of  alloys  contain- 
ing different  proportions  of  two  metals,  he 
proved  that  if  one  constituent  was  present  in 
very  small  quantity,  only  the  lines  longest  in 
the  spectrum  of  the  pure  specimen  appeared, 
while  the  others  came  into  view  only  when  the 
amounts  in  the  alloy  increased.  He  argues 
from  this  that  when  the  longest  line  of  an  ele- 
ment is  absent,  the  body  examined  is  free  from 

His  experience  with  alloys  was  extended  to 
compound  bodies,  and  here  he  discovered  most 
remarkable  facts.  He  found  that  the  spectrum 
of  such  a  compound  as  chloride  of  lime,  taken 
at  a  low  temperature,  differed  from  that  of  cal- 
cium; but  that  when  the  temperature  was  in- 
creased the  spectrum  gradually  changed,  and 
finally  the  lines  of  calcium  appeared — a  fact 
which  he  attributes  to  decomposition  of  the 
compound.  Noticing,  then,  that  a  further  in- 
crease of  temperature,  instead  of  leaving  the 
spectrum  of  this  so-called  element  unchanged, 
causes  it  to  alter  continuously  as  the  tempera- 
ture rises,  he  argues  from  analogy,  that  calcium 
itself  must  be  decomposable,  and,  therefore, 
cannot  be  a  true  element. 

The  examination  of  the  changes  in  the  spec- 
tra of  elements,  he  has  extended  to  four — cal- 
cium, iron,  lithium  and  hydrogen — from  the 
range  of  temperature  of  a  Bunsen  lamp,  to  that 
of  the  sun,  or  Sirius,  which,  being  the  bright- 
est, is  probably  the  hottest  star.  Thus,  at  the 
temperature  of  the  electric  arc,  the  calcium  line 
in  the  blue  is  of  great  intensity,  the  violet  H  and 
K  lines,  being  still  thin;  in  the  sun  the  H  and 
K  lines  are  very  thick,  and  the  line  in  the  blue 
is  thinner  and  less  intense  than  at  the  tempera- 
ture of  the  electric  arc.  In  the  spectrum  of  the 
star  a,  Aquilre,  the  K  line  is  only  half  as  wide 
as  the  line  H,  while  in  the  spectrum  of  a,  Lyras, 
and  Sirius,  only  the  H  line  of  calcium  can  be 
detected.  The  hotter  the  star  the  simpler  the 
spectrum.  Mr.  Lockyer's  experiments  with 
the  elements  have  extended  through  a  period  of 
four  years,  during  which  time  2,000  photo- 
graphs fof  spectra  have  been  taken,  and  more 
than  100,000  eye  observations  have  been  made. 

That  the  facts  proved  by  Prof.  Lockyer,  of  a 
variation  of  the  spectrum  of  some  elements  in 
connection  with  variation  of  temperature, 
experimentally  and  by  the  examination  of  stellar 
spectra,  are  highly  important,  cannot  be 
doubted,  and  it  will  be  acknowledged  that  they 
point  strongly  to  the  conclusions  which  he  has 
drawn  from  them  ;  but  the  direct  proof  sub- 
mitted in  regard  to  the  coincidence  of  the  lines 
belonging  to  different  elements,  as  found  by  the 
mapping  of  spectra  of  pure  metallic  elements, 
will  not  be  accepted  until  sufficient  and  unim- 
peachable evidence  is  brought  of  the  purity  of 
the  material  experimented  with. 

The  extreme  sensitiveness  of  the  spectroscope, 
going,  in  many  cases,  far  beyond  the  means  of 
separation  at  the  disposal  of  chemists,  will 
make  the  latter  cautious  in  their  acceptance  of 
such  spectroscopic  results.  As  an  instance  of 
this  sensitiveness,  Dr.  Frankland  mentioned  in 
the  discussion  that  a  trace  of  copper  not  exceed- 
ing one  fifty-millionth  part  of  .a  grain  had  given 
copper  lines  quite  vividly,  although  only  for  an 
instant,  while  four  one-thousandths  of  a  grain 
bad  been  sufficient  to  give  copper  lines  continu- 
ously for  over  six  hours. 

We  need  hardly  add  that  if  Prof.  Lockyer 
does  furnish  final  unimpeachable  proofs,  chem- 
ists have  not  advanced  one  step  in  devising 
means  for  carrying  into  execution  the  dissocia- 
tion of  elements  or  transmutation  of  metals,  be- 
yond the  knowledge  that  it  will  require  intense 
temperature. 


The  Heating  Power  of  Hydrogen. 


As  the  result  of  enquiries  I  havo  made,  and 
experiments  I  have  witnessed,  in  tho  process  of 
making  gas  from  superheated  steam  and  petro- 
leum, in  which  the  superheated  steam  is  made 
to  give  up  its  oxygen  during  its  passage  through 
red-hot  iron  tubes  and  then  through  coke  and 
iron  scraps,  thus  producing  hydrogen  gas,  subse- 
quently combined  with  petroleum  to  give  it 
illuminating  power,  I  have  ascertained  that  tho 
cost  of  the  hydrogen  is  not  more  than  about 
four  ponce  per  1,000  feet.  It  occurs  to  me  that 
this  fact  can  bo  utilised  in  the  reduction  of 
metals  by  employing  the  hydrogen  thus  pro- 
duced as  a  heating  power  in  furnaces  constructed 
to  admit  of  such  use.  If  consumed  as  fast  as  it 
is  made,  the  danger  from  storing  it  would  be 
avoided.  Forty  years  ago  I  had  a  narrow 
escape  for  my  life  while  experimenting  with 
this  gas,  and  retain  a  respectful  admiration  of 
itB  power.  One  ton  of  coal  will  now  raise  as 
much  steam  as  GO  years  ago  it  took  10  tons  to 
produce,  the  gain  being  due  to  the  more  scien- 
tific employment  of  the  fuel;  but  the  waste  of 
heat  is  still  so  great  that  its  utilization  is  a 
matter  of  world-wide  importance.  In  no  pro- 
cose  is  the  waste  so  enormous  as  in  the  reduction 
of  metals,  especially  of  the  precious  metals, 
producing  great  losses  by  excessive  volatiliza- 
tion and  the  mechanical  dispersion  of  the  finer 
particles.  I  have  long  thought  that  defects  of 
this  character  could  be  avoided;  and  when  Mr. 
Probert  first  went  out  for  the  Richmond 
company  I  aBked  his  especial  attention  to  the 
subject  of  improving  the  furnaces,  which  at 
that  time  were  distributing  metallic  dust  rich  in 
gold  all  around  the  works;  he  has  reduced  this 
loss  to  a  great  extent,  but  I  believe  there  is 
still  great  room  for  improvement,  and  I  think 
it  will  be  in  the  direction  of  supplying  the 
oxygen  necessary,  by  other  means  than|the  blast 
of  air,  and  by  the  use  of  hydrogen  as  the  chief 
heating  medium. — Cor.  London  Mining  Journal, 

Proposed  Material  for  Standard  Weights. 

It  is  proposed  by  Herr  F.  Mohr  in  the  Anna- 
len  der  Che.rv.ie  that  glass  containing  a  large  por- 
tion of  silica  shall  be  employed  as  the  material 
for  weights  and  measures.  He  remarks  that 
the  only  men  of  science  who  work  with  good 
balances  and  accurate  weights  are  the  chemists; 
and  yet,  hitherto,  none,  even  of  that  class,  has 
considered  it  necessary  in  his  weighing  opera- 
tions to  consult  the  barometer  and  the  ther- 
mometer, except  as  regards  the  gases.  In  one 
and  the  same  set  of  weights  are  to  be  found 
pieces  of  brass  or  of  platinum,  and  the  same 
weights  are  used  in  Munich,  at  the  bight  of 
1,700  feet,  and  in  London,  at  slight  elevations 
above  the  sea  leveL  Against  the  consequences 
of  these  fallacies  the  best  weights  are  no  pro- 
tection, and  we  may  say  that  this  source  of 
error  has  been  neglected  in  all  chemical  dis- 
coveries. We  must  easily  see  that  it  is  unjusti- 
fiable to  weigh  finer  than  to  milligrammes  in  all 
cases  where  a  platinum  crucible  is  concerned, 
or  the  ash  of  a  filter,  or  glass  vessels  holding  a 
considerable  volume  of  air,  or  precipitates  not 
absolutely  insoluble.  Barely  is  the  substance 
weighed  which  we  are  in  search  of,  as  silica  or 
alumina,  but  it  is  generally  calculated  from 
some  compound,  and  this  introduces  the  further 
uncertainty  of  the  atomic  weights  which  are 
brought  to  a  round  number,  as  in  case  of  phos- 
phorus, sodium,  calcium,  magnesium,  etc.  It 
may  be  said  that  the  whole  structure  of  organic 
chemistry  has  been  erected  with  a  false  atomic 
weight  from  carbon,  which  is  even  yet  uncer- 
tain. A  fall  of  the  barometer  of  10  mm.,  which 
may  occur  in  one  day,  will  render  a  kilo,  weight 
of  rock  crystal  lighter  by  5.3  m.  grammes. 
What  is  the  use,  therefore,  of  adjusting  a 
standard  kilo,  to  the  decimal  of  a  milligramme 
if  the  barometer  and  the  thermometer  can  bring 
about  such  changes?  Weights  of  cystal  and  of 
platinum  are  not  commensurable  unless  the 
atmospheric  pressure  is  taken  into  account. 

To  Indicate  Dangerous  Accumulations  op 
Fire  Damp. — One  of  the  most  interesting  at- 
tempts toindicatedangerousaccumulationsof  fire 
damp  is  an  apparatus  devised  by  a  Frenchman, 
J.  Coquillion,  which  he  calls  a  grisoumeter,  the 
action  of  which  is  based  upon  the  decomposition 
of  hydrocarbons  by  a  red-hot  palladium  wire,  in 
presence  of  Bteam.  This  reaction  he  used  for 
the  analysis  of  the  air  of  a  mine.  He  has  now 
found  that  he  can  replace  the  palladium  by 
platinum,  by  the  use  of  which  the  disadvantage 
that  the  Plante  pile  cannot  be  employed,  is 
overcome.  Recent  researches  of  M.  Coquillion 
have  shown  that  the  bicarbide  of  hydrogen  de- 
tonates more  violently  than  the  monocarbide, 
that  palladium  produces  a  smaller  detonation 
than  the  platinum,  and  that  both  metals  can 
burn  small  quantities  of  gas.  M.  Coquillion 
has  accordingly  replaced  the  former  by  the  lat- 
ter metal  in  his  portable  apparatus. 

Conductivity  of  Heat. — Some  recent  inves- 
tigations concerning  the  coefficient  of  conduc- 
tion for  heat  of  various  building  materials,  ex- 
cluding the  influence  of  radiation,  and  making 
measurements  by  means  of  the  thermo-electric 
multiplier,  show  that  stones  are  much  better 
conductors  of  heat  when  wet  than  when  dry, 
and  that  various  classes  of  them,  such  as  mar- 
ble, sandstone,  granite,  etc.,  have  approximate- 
ly the  same  coefficients  of  conduction,  while  dry 
bricks  of  all  kinds  are  much  worse  conductors 
than  the  natural  stones. 


68 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[February  i,    1879. 


Table  of  Highest  and  Lowest  Sales  in 
S.  F.  Stock  Exchange. 


Name  of 

Wcclt 

Wf 

•1. 

WeeK 

Week 

ElMlillg   lIlKlillU 

•fan 

9.  Jim 

16. 

Jan.  23. 

Jan.  ::<>. 

65c 
2.65 

10s1  12s 

5  1    8 
50c1 .... 

2.601.35 

113 

6J 

15      124 
8}       7i 
60c      45c 

155      14 
8?        7J 

506      45c 

50c  60c     80c 

1   40 

iij  2 

1!,    11       li 

11    1.20 

4.30 

60c 
IS. 

3.80  4.90 
....    60c 
17!   24* 

5j    8; 

50c!  60c 
....    20c 

50c   60c      50c 
191   22J      214 

6         43 

70c      55c 

22        21} 

1 
60c 
70n 

61     9         71 

84       7} 

50c 

1        75c 
20c     .... 

75c    .... 

20c      15c 

9 

7j:    91 
3  |    4} 

84 

9         73 

8         74 

63      45 

H 

3.21. 

4.90        4J 

15 
Mr 

10  !  15 

14 

50c 

15        14 
75c      70c 

14J      14* 

10c 

60c 

75c     .... 

60c 
50c 
2.95 
Ui 
2 
46 

'45c 

2.40 

10! 

1! 

Hi 

60c 
40c 
3.20 

111 
2.35 
52 

"2S 

2,15 

444 

70c     50c 
30c      25c 

3.20        3 
98        9} 

3.05        2J 
50}      47 

50c     .... 

40c      30c 

3      2.80 

98        9S 
3.10       25 

481      46 

108 

9 

lb 

12( 

17        144 

17}      155 

8bc 

Voc 

95c 

75c 

1.15      95c 

1.10    1.05 

9* 

3.60 

2.nj 

74 

88        7J 

84        7 

S.90 

5i        5} 

3.10 

2.11 

40c 

10c 

40c     .... 

160 

10c        5c 

25c 

11 

'31' 

25c 
31} 

5S 

'263 
43 

30c     20c 
29       26 

3  '  .§* 

■a  "8 

3bc 

30c 

30c     25c 

25c     15c 

7J 

5i 

5t 

4 

41    4.05 

2i>c 

15c 

20c     15c 

25c    .... 

5} 

'., 

6      .... 

40c 

Hi 

30c 

10! 

35c      30c 
14i      13) 
18}      164 

Gould  &  Curry 

12}'  20 

141      123 
18}      16} 

Hale  &  Norcro33 — 

ui 

HI 

■I. Ill 

2.45 

2 
2J 

i.10 
2.05 

"is 

i!so  i^55 

Highbridge 

1.65       1} 

Homestake 

30c 
1.10 

i'M 

20c     .... 
IS    1.40 
44    3.45 
4}        4 
71       7 

1.05|1.30 

1.80        U 

4.15 
4t 

353.90 
3.90     43 

3.1U 
3  90 

4}       4 

71       7 

4  85 

3.95!     5j 

4? 

8        54 

63        5} 

50c 

20cj  20c 

20c      15c 

75c 

50c 

75c 

55c 

75c      60c 

75c      60c 

21        1} 

50c 

70c     30c 

65c 

50c 

50c 

1       55c 

1 

1.10 

1 

1.10     r 

60c      50c 

60c 

50c 

Win 

60c     50c 

it 

4 

4} 

3  35 

33       34 
5}        5 

Martin  White 

4 

4 

5          43 

40c 

CSo 

4(ln 

50c      25c 

Meadow  Valley 

20c 

20c 

:« 

3IH 

34 

29! 

343      324 

3}      "3' 

3 

•ii 

3}     .... 

North  Con  Virginia. 

6? 

5* 

n 

M 

74       5J 

74       6 

90r. 

Vftc 

75c     70c 

Northern  Belle 

m 

»>l 

8} 

73 

7         6 

7         61 

20c. 

Kir 

35c      2cc 

1 

80n 

1        50c 

1       60c 

36i 

351      331 

50c    .... 

351      335 

It 

80c 

50c 

10 

91 

HI 

12}      108 

11        101 

Phil  Sheridan 

40c 

25c 

50c 

40c 

45c      25c 

Raymond  &  Ely  — 

Hi 

5 

M 

7 

7          55 

8         63 

75c    

ioi 

131 

2(1 

148      13! 
22      .... 

Seg  Belcher 

20 

21 

23        20 

43 

41 

56 

42 

49}      44 

491      46J 

24 

y 

7      .... 

3l)c 

20r 

Sin 

20c 

H      50 

14      75c 

li 

•2i 

1  fin 

2}       14 
11       1} 

2          11 
1.45        1 

55c 

Solid  Silver 

50c 

1  XII 

50c. 

1       70c 

25c 

25c     20c 

South  Standard 

10c. 

Star 

50c 

50c 

80c    .... 

60c     .... 

70c. 

31  Ic 

55c      40c 

85c     .... 

11     1.30 
1.20     .... 
45c      40c 

H 

581 
13J 

56 

601      50 
183      16} 

113 

13J 

19}      17! 

35c      75c 

Wells-Fargo 

20c. 

15c 

20n 

20c      15c 

50c 

ifij 

13$ 

20 

161 

22J      19 

2i     isj 

Sales  at  S.  F.  Stock  Exchange. 


Friday  A.  M.,  Jan.  24. 

250  Alta 7J@8 

450  Alpha 14@14. 

290"  Andes 50@45c 

165  Beat  &  Belcher.. 21.(321. 

1535  Bullion 8|@8 

2d5  Belcher 45 

240  Benton 4_@4.80 

i470  Con  Virginia 7i 

1125  California %@W 

30  Chollar 474 

55  Crown  Point 5f 

1855  Con  Imperial. .1.10(gl. 05 

200  Caledonia 3 

150  Confidence 

325  Challenge S 

1795  Exchequer 6 

435  Gould  &  Curry...  13_@13_ 

400  Geo  Douglas 55@50c 

320  Hale&Nor 16J@17 

130  Justice 4  ""' 

995  Julia 

110  Kentuck 

200  Kossuth UOc 

120  Lady  Wash 1M-1.3U 

400  Lady  Bryan 7t>»<;:,c 

1400  Leviathan 70  <n.V 

700  Mexican 'M'.uW 

50  MtHood 30c 

255  North  Con  Vir 6i@6 

625  N  Bonanza 1.40 

650  New  York 70:afn,: 

245  Overman 10.  - 1"; 

400  Ophir 35@33? 

500  Phil  Sheridan 35c 

390  Sierra  Nevada. .  .47_@46f 

555  Savage 14i@13, 

805  Silver  Hill 2i@2.3( 

650  Solid  Silver 65c 

10  St  Louis 65c 

240  Succor l.lO^i; 

100  Scorpiou 1_ 

900  Trojan 40«<-15<j 

145  Union  Con 59y<5'.f; 

125  Utah 18 

500  Wells-Fargo 20c 

750  Ward 80c 


560  Yellow  Jacket. 

AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

1235  Argents, 70@60c 

70  Bechtel 75c 

90  Bodie 8@7g 

330  Belmont 55@60c 

800  Booker 40(&30c 

250  Caledonia  (B  H) . . .  95c@l 

90  C  Pacific li 

300  Dudley 1 

100  Day 25c 

500  DeFrees 10c 

110  Eureka  Con 27@26* 

300  Endowment 20c 

700  Grand  Prize 4J@4.20 

870  Hussey 15@20c 

190  Highbridge li@1.65 

1230  Independence  ,1.60@1. SO 

300  Jackson 7 

175  Leopard 25c 

100  Leeds l 

140  McClinton 55c 

140  Manhattan 3.60@3J 

500  Modoc 60@55c 

400  Navajo 30c 

50  Northern  Belle 7 

415  Oriental 50c 

450  Paradise 2.90 

80  Raymond  &  Ely 63 

2U0  Star 60c 

250  Summit 11 

600  S  Bulwer 60@70c 

40  Silver  King 7 

500  Tuscarora 5c 

10  Tioga  Con 1.30 

100  Tiptop 1.20 

Saturday  A.M.,  Jan.  25. 

155  Alpha 14(9)144 

200  Alta. 73@7J 

350  Albion 55@50c 

920  Argenta 60(pJ65c 

1320  Belmont 55@60c 

50  Belle  Isle 15c 

295  Best  &  Belcher.. 2H@2H 

350  Bullion 3_ 

1220  Belcher 5(S5_ 

650  Booker 35@30c 


235  Bodie 7j@8 

200  Baltimore  Con If 

970  Benton 4.80@4. 

240  Con  Virginia. J 

460  California 9_@9J 

90  Confidence 1G£@1dJ 

45  Chollar.., ......... 47@46j 

305  Crown  Point..,.  .,.5g@5j 
905  Con  Imperial ....1.05 

1015  Challenge 2£(tf<2.80 

325  Caledonia 

100  Con  Pacific 

900  Exchequer 

15  Eureka  Con 27@27i 

1450  Endowment 25@20c 

630  Gould  &  Curry ....  13@122 

1170  Grand  Prize...4.15<&4.05 

100  Geo  Douglas- 60c 

285  H  &Norcross....l6_@l6i 

200  Hussey 15c 

410  Highbridge 1* 

325  Independence  . . .  1 .  55@1_- 

280  Justice 4.10@4.05 

540  Julia 3_@3.55 

10  Jackson 

130  Kentuck 5.<_  . 

50  Kossuth -25c 

1190  Leviathan 60(rf65c 

340  L  Bryan "" 

60  Leopard _ 

120  Lady  Wash li@1.30 

140  Mexican ""'" 

10  Manhattan 

250  McClinton 60@55c 

25  Martin  White 4J 

120  NCon  Virginia.  ...G%mi 

120  New  York 65@70c 

400  N  Bonanza....  1.40@1. 45 

250  N  Sierra  Nevada 10c 

430  Navajo 30(5;25c 

185  Ophir 33*<&33f 

190  Overman 10g@10$ 

320  Phil  Sheridan 35(H)40c 

335  Paradise 2.90 

160  Raymond  &  E 63(w7 

330  Savage 13J@13i 

250  Succor 1.10@1.05 

180  Sierra  Nevada.... 47@47i 

505  Silver  Hill 2.10(32.05 

575  Solid  SUver 50@55c 

100  St  Louis 70c 

100  S  Bodie 25c 

100  Summit 1.60 

700  S  Bulwer 60c 

100  Tioga  Con 1-35 

80  Union  Con 59J 

80  Utah 18@17£ 

200  Ward 80c 

460  Yellow  Jacket... 19i@ir" 

Holiday  A.  91..  Jail.  2 

235  Alta 8@'„ 

140  Alpha 14(3)144 

100  Andes 45c 

320  Best  &Beleher 21£ 

200  Baltimore  Con — 

1505  Belcher 

615  Bullion 

660  Benton 43@4.85 

945  California 9£@9i 

610  Con  Virginia 8@8j 

240  Crown  Point 53@5i 

1525  Con  Imperial 1 .  It 

20  Chollar 46J 

2L00  Challenge 3@2.95 

160  Caledonia 2.95@2g 

160  Confidence m 

1345  Exchequer 6i(a6g 

545  Gould  &  Curry...  13*@13£ 

50  Geo  Douglas 50c 

210  Hale&Nor 16 

550  Justice 4|@4.05 

1010  Julia 3.55^3.60 

35  Kentuck ~ 54 

100  Kossuth 40c 

400  Lady  Bryan 65@60c 

1300  Leviathan 65@60c 

390  LadyWash 1.40@lj 

1355  Mexican 37i@3Sj 

550  N  Sierra  Nevada 10c 

225  North  Con  Vir 63@6ji 

700  N  Bonanza 1.40@1J 

10  New  York 65c 

230  Ophir 34A@35 

320  Overman lOjKbfll 

2150  Phi)  Sheridan 50@45c 

2050  Solid  Silver 50c 

540  Savage 13g@13i 

690  SierraNevada 4y(£49i 

630  Silver  Hill 2.30@2.20 

150  St  Louis 65@60c 

650  Succor 1@1.10 

100  Scorpion 1.45 

180  Utah.., 19@19i 

120  Union  Con 63&62& 

1020  Ward 80@S5< 

400  Yellow  Jacket. .  ,20£(ff20: 

AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

460  Argenta 70c 

980  Belmont r 

260  Bodie 73_ 

45  Bechtel 75c 

350  Booker 30e 

1800  Belle  Isle.   15@20c 

350  Black  Hawk 75c 

300  Dudley 1.10 

100  DeFrees 5c 

10  Eureka  Con 27 

2400  Endowment 20c 

300  Golden  Chariot 20c 

50  Golden  Terra 6 

1170  Grand  Prize 4J(S4i 

100  Goodshaw 30c 

300  Gila 

100  Hillside 

200  Highbridge ljfrtl 

620  Independence..  1.70@1. 60 

lOu  Leeds  ...■ 1 

100  Leopard 

10  Martin  White... 

110  Manhattan 3i<®3.60 

145  Mono 1.65@1 .70 

70  Modoc 55c 

320  McClinton 55@50c 

220  Northern  Belle 7@6ii 

100  Navajo 30c 

200  Oriental , 

345  Paradise 2.5 

450  Raymond  &  Ely.  . 

1350  S  Bulwer 65(<*60c 

400  Summit 1.60@1.65 

200  Star 60c 

90  Tioga  Con 1.35 

Tuesday  A.M.,  Jan.  2S. 

470  Alpha 

195  Alta 

50  Andes 50c 

445  Best  i, Belcher.... 

870  Belcher 

1030  Bullion 

905  Benton 42@5 

400  Baltimore  Con li 

6S5  California 9£@9g 

240  Caledonia 2.80(52.85 

1020  Con  Virginia Sifta^ 

625  Con  Imperial. .1.10(&)1. 05 

90  Chollar 48J@4(i 

595  Crown  Point 5^@5| 

160  Confidence 17l@17 

1205  Challenge, 3\05@3.10 

110  Dardanelles 3 

975  Exchequer 6J@SJ 

500  Flowery. 30c 

695  Gould  &  Curry. . .  .14(©l4jJ 
100  Geo  Douglas 70c 


1025  H  &  No^cfOBS-. . .  .I7£@18J 

320  Justice 4 

185  Julia ...3J@3.90 

270  Kentuck ,,..6@6jJ 

450  Kossuth .-,,2Qc 

1070  Lady  Bryan 60c 

40  LadyWash Ii 

550  Leviathan 65@55e 

210  Mexican 39@383 

100  Morning  Star 3J 

i  2$"tf  New  York 70c 

2?0'  North  Con  Vir 6*@63 

U20N  EttnffiBza 1.60@l£ 

200  N  Sierra  Nevada 10c 

185  Ophir , 354 

260  Overman..,. 102@105 

15  Occidental... 60c 

1250  Phil  Sheridan 45c 

200  Plutus ..1.40 

195  Siena  Nevada. . .  .49j@49 

225  Savage 14g@144 

25  SegBelcher 22 

825  Silver  Hill 2.10@2 

100  Succor 1.10 

180  Santiago 1.65 

100  St  Louis 60c 

20  Scorpion li 

1465  Solid  Silver 50c 

400  Trojan 45c 

110' Utah 19 

180  Union-  Con 61 

500  Wells-Fargo 15c 

900  Ward. 80@85c 

525  Yellow  Jacket.... 21@20£ 

A.FTERNOUN  SESSION. 

1440  Argenta 70c 

100  Albion 30c 

430  Bodie 7£(#7& 

250  Booker 30c 

1000  Belmont 70c 

165  Bechtel 75c 

50  Belvidere 50c 

650  Belle  Isle 20c 

150  Dudley Ii@1.20 

295  Day 20c 

750  DeFrees 10c 

900  Endowment 15c 

425  Eureka  Con 27@27£ 

60  Goodshaw 25c 

755  Grand  Prize 4i 

600  Golden  Terra .54 

645  Hussey 15@20c 

100  Highbridge 1.35 

15  Hillside 2 

50  Hamburg 14 

70  Independence. 1.70 

410  Jackson 7* 

300  Leopard 45c 

510  Mono li 

100  Modoc 60c 

100  McClinton 35c 

50  May  Belle 50c 

20  Northern  Belle 6g 

450  Navajo 30@35c 

200  Oriental 50c 

580  Paradise 24@2.60 

100  Real  del  Monte li 

430  Raymond  &  Ely 7i 

10  Richer 50c 

700  Summit 2 

700  S  Bulwer 55@60c 

100  Tioga  Con 1.40 

Weil'aday  A.M.,  Jan.  39. 

70  Alpha 14g@14i 

S5  Alta 8 

125  B&B 213@21J 

890  Bullion 7|<<j3 

500  Baltimore  Con...lJ@1.30 

845  Belcher 5B<cC5S 

860  Benton 5J(o£6j! 

20  Chollar 4d@l6i 

155  Con  Virginia S'm&h 

815  California 9A-@9f 

220  Crown  Point 5l@5g 

195  Caledonia 2.80 

800  Con  Imperial 1.05 

195  Confidence 16i 

1955  Challenge 3 

350  Dardanelles 3£@3.20 

1420  Exchequer 5g@6i 

100  Flowery 40c 

560  Gould  &  Curry. .  .13i@13g 

150  Geo  Douglas 60c 

525  Hale  &  Nor 17i@17 

555  Justice 4 

225  Julia 3£@3.60 

100  Kentuck 5ft£5$ 

350  Kossuth 20c 

250  Leviathan 60c 

450  Lady  Bryan 60c 

280  LadyWash li 

315  Mexican 37@36§ 

100  Morning  Star 3i 

630  North  Con  Vir 6£@7 

20  New  York 70c 

1525  N  Bonanza 1£@2 

100  Occidental 1 

120  Overman 10J@101 

125  Ophir 34tg33£ 

330  Plutus li@1.30 

1445  Phil  Sheridan 40@30c 

50  Succor 1 

270  Savage 13i<ai3g 

365  S  Nevada 48<a4f 

500  Santiago 1 .  55@1 .  60 

150  Scorpion .li 

1100  Solid  Silver 5Cc 

50  St  Louis 55c 

475  Silver  Hill 1.90 

675  Trojan 45c 

5  Utah 18i 

300  Union 60@59$ 

1010  Ward 75c 

465  Yellow  Jacket...  19 j@19g 

AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

450  Albion 50c 

630  Argenta 70@65c 

1650  Belmont 70@65c 

240  Bulwer 14£@14i 

50  Bechtel 75c 

1500  Belle  Isle 20c 

125  Bodie 78@7* 

1000  Booker. 35c 

150  C  Pacific 1A 

250  Chieftain 50c 

745  Dudley li 

800  DeFrees 10c 

300  Day 20c 

65  Eureka  Con 27* 

1350  Endowment 15c 

320  GrandPrize 4jj@1.40 

505  Goodshaw 30o 

170  Hillside 2@1.95 

260  Highbridge U 

855  Hussey 15@20c 

410  Independence  ...1£@1.70 
185  Jackson 7i@7J 

40  Leopard 35c 

770  Modoc 55@50c 

160  Manhattan .3* 

200  McClinton 40c 

40  M  White 5 

1140  Mono H 

50  May  Belle 60c 

220  Northern  Belle 6*. 

25  Navajo 35c 

300  Orimtal 50c 

1025  Paradise 2.60@2* 

150  Real  del  Monte lS 

220  Raymond  &  Ely 7 

590  Summit 2 

395  S  Bulwer 55(o)60c 

60  Tioga  Con 1.45y«H 


SALES  OF   LAST  WEEK  AND  THIS  COMPARED 


Thursday  A.M.,  Jan.  23. 

200  Alta 81@8S 

820  Alpha 14SC*15 

200  Andes 45(<*50c 

250  Best  &  Belcher 22 

640  Bullion 8i@83 

280  Belcher 43(i»4.'80 

200  Baltimore  Con U 

1100  Benton 4.85(94.90 

340  Caledonia 3.05ia-3.10 

1250  Con  Imperial. .1.10((*1. 15 

160  California 9f 

240  Challenge 2.60@2: 

360  Con  Virginia. 75@L 

875  Confidence 16£@17 


Tlmrsd'y  A.  M.,  Jan.  30. 

245  Alpha. 145(815 

635  Alta 8i@S| 

100  Ande3 45@50c 

335  Best&  Belcher. ...21}(»22 

615  Belcher 5JiS>6 

950  Bullion 8J 

2390  Benton 5i(S6 

200  Baltimore  Con 1.20 

140  California 9>,(c*9£ 

485  Con  Virginia SS<d58g 

225  Crown  Point 5S(ri)54 

30  Chollar 47 

2795  Con  Imperial.  .1.05@1. 10 
370  Confidence 15J 


MINING  SHAREHOLDEBS'  DIBE0T0BY. 

Compiled  every  Thursday  from  Advertisements  in  Mining  and  Scientific  Press  and  other  S.  F.  Journals. 
ASSKSSMENTS-STOCKS  ON  THE  LISTS  OP  THE  BOARDS. 


Company. 
Altos  SM  Co    ' 
Aurora  T&M  Co 
Belmont  M  Co 
Belvidere  M  Co 
Benton  Con  M  Co 
Best  &  Frfclier  M  Co 
Crown  Point  G  &  S  M  Co 
Dudley  M  Co 

Florence  Blupffiravel  M  Coj 
Flowery  M  Cc 
Gila  S  M  Co 
Goodshaw  M  Co- 
Hale  &  NorcrossS  M"Co' 
Hussey  Con  G&  SMC6» 
Julia  Con  M  Co 
Justice  M  Co 
K  K  Consolidated 
Leopard  MCo 
Lady  BryaTi  M  Co 
Martin  Whfte  M  Co 
Mayhelle  Coir  MCo 
Mi'i  'rackin  Ccn  M  Co 
Mono  G  M  Co> 
North  Con  VirffihiibMGo.i 
Overman  S  M  Cw 
Panther  M  Co 
Phil  Sheridan  G  fc  3^  Co. 
Raymond  &  Elv  MT  Co. 
Resolute  T  &  M  Co 
Scorpion  S  M  Co 
Silver  Hill  M  Co 
Succor  M  &  M  Co 
Tioga  Con  M  Co 
Ward  G  &  S  M  Co 
William  Penn  M  Co 
Yellow  Jacket  S  M  Co 


Location.  No. 

Nevada  13 

California  2 

Nevada  19 

California  2 

Nevada  1 

Washoe  13 

Nevada  36 

California  2 

California  3 

Nevada  1 

Nevada  3 

California  21 

Nevada  60 

Nevada  7 

Nevada  8 

California  27 


Nevada 

Nevada  9 

Nevada  1 

Nevada  5 

California  2 

Arizona  2 

Bodie  2 

Nevada  15 

Nevada  43 

Nevada  10 

Nevada  8 
Nevada 

California 

Nevada  4 

Nevada  5 

Nevada  21 

California  4 

California  3 

Nevada  4 

Nevada  31 


10 


Amt.  Levied. 

1  00  Dec  10 
20    Dec  7 

■   50    Nov  27 
20    Dec  7 
50    Dec  11 

1  00    Jan  3 

1  00  Dec  12 
25  Jan  29 
03  Jan  22 
50  Jan  29 
25  Jan  22 
10  Jan  10 
50  Dec  10 
15    Jan  20 

1  00    Jan  21 

1  00    Jan  10 

1  00  Jan  3 
50  Jan  3 
50    Jan  2 

1  50  Dec  14 
10  Jan  21 
50  Oct  22 
50    Jan  8 

1  00    Jan  18' 

3  00  Jan  28 
10  Jan  2 
15    Jan  21 

1  00  Jan  7 
10  Dec  28 
10  Dec  3 
£0  Jan  3 
50  Dec  19 
20  Dec  20 
30  Jan  10 
03    Nov  22 

1  00    Jan  15 


Deling.' 
Jan  13 
Jan  10 
Jan  3 
Jan  20 
Jan  15 
Feb  6 
Jan  16 
Mar  3 
Feb  25 
Mar  4 
Mar  3 
Feb  20 
Jan  15 
Feb  26 
Feb  37 
Feb  15 
Feb  6 
Feb  6 
Feb  2 
Jan  21 
Mar  12 
Jan  16 
Feb  12 
Feb  21 
Mar  5 
Feb  6 
Feb  24 
Feb  12 
Feb  3 
Jan  18 
Feb  6 
Jan  21 
Jau2( 
Feb  14 
Jan  23 
Feb  19 


nt.     Saxb.     Secretary. 


Ja-n  31 

Feb  15 

Jan  27 

Feb  20 

Feb  3 

Feb  26 

Feb  6 

Apr  I 

Marl5 

Mar  21 

Mar  24 

Mar  10 

Feb  7 

Mar  21 

MarlS 

Mar  5 

Mar  5 

Mnr2S 

Feb  24 

Feb  21 

Mar  14 

Feb  15 

Mar  4 

Mar  13 

Mar  26 

Feb  28 

Mar  17 

MariO 

Mar  3 

Feb  10 

Feb  23 

Feb  10 

Feb  13 

Mar  6 

Feb  9 

Mar  19 


W  H  Watson 
C  V  D  Hubbard 
J  W  Pew 

CVD  Hubbard 
W  H  Watson 
W  Willis 
James  Newlands 
E  O  Masten 
F  A  McGee 
W  W  Stetson 
Wm  W  Parish 
Victor  Fernbach 
J  F  Lightner 
R  H  Brown 
A  Noel1 
R  E  Kelly 
B  B  Minor 
R  H  Brown 
C  V  Hubbard 
J  J  Scoville 
G  A  Holden    ■ 
H  A  Whiting 
W  H  Lent 
G  C  Pratt 
Geo  D  Edwards 
JWPew 
DL  Thomas 
JWPew 
J  L  Fields 
G  R  Spinney 
W  E  Dean 
W  H  Watson 
W  H  Lent 
Jacob  Stadtfeld 
O  J  Humphrey 
Mercer  Otey 


Place  of  Business 

302  Montgomery  et 

312  California  st 

310  Pine  st 

312  California  st 

302  Montgomery  st 

309  Montgomery  st 

203  Bush  st 

309  Montgomery  st 

Merchants  Ex 

309  Montgomery  st 

328  Montgomery  si 

327  Pine  st 

58  Nev-nda  Block 

327  Pine  st 

419  California  at 

419  California  st 

310  Pine  st 

327  Pine  st 

Cosmopolitan  Hotel 

59  Nevada  Block 

301  Pine  st 

211  San  some  st 

309  Montgomery  st 

309  Montgomery  st 

414  California  st 

310  Pine  at 

203  Bush  sfc 

310  Pine  at 

240  Montgomery  st 

310  Pine  at 

203  Bush  st 

302  Montgomery  st 

327  Pine  st 

419  California  at 

328  Montgomery  st 

Gold  Hill  Not 


OTHER  COMPANIES— NOT  ON  THE  LISTS  OP  THE  BOARDS. 


Advance  M  Co 
Argent  M  Co 
Arizona  S  M  Co 
Black  Hawk  G  M  Co 
Booker  Con  G  M  Co 
Brilliant  M  Co 
Catawba  M  Co 
Carmelo  Bay  Coal  Co 
Cherokee  Flat  Blue  Gra*  Co 
Fairfax  M  Co 
Godfrey  Gravel  M  Co 
Hackbf  rry  M  &  M  Co 
Loy:il  Lead G MCo 
Mariposa  Land  &  M  Co 
Mayflower  M  Co 
Mayflower  Gravel  M  Co 
McClinton  M  Co 
McMilleuSMCo 
Nevada  Gravel  OT  Cc* 
Noonday  M  Co 
North  Star  GM  Co 
Northern  Light  G&SM  Co 
riViadesG&SMCo 
Slate  Creek  G  M  Co 
Summit  MCo 


Name  of  Company. 


California  2 

/■  Nevada  4 

Nevada  4 

California  4 

California  1 

Nevada  1 

California  1 

California  2 

California  40 

Nevada  1 

California  4 

Arizona  3 

California  2 

California  15 

California  2 

( 'Tliiornia  3 

California  2 

Arizona  1 

California  5 

California  1 

California  1 

California  3 

Nevada  2 

California  1 

California  6 


50  Dec  19 

30  Jan  21 

1  00  Dec  9 

25  Dec  10 

15  Jan  29 

05  Jan  13 

20  .Jan  3 

25  Dec  20 

05  Dec  20 

15  Jan  25 

05  Jan  17 

50  Jan  17 

60  Dec  18 

1  00  Jan  10 

15  Dec  7 

10  Jan  15 

25  Dec  24 

25  Nov  22 

05  Dec  12 

10  Jan ? 

50  Jan  29 

10  Jan  23 

05  Dec  21 

25  Jan  21 

05  Nov  19 


Jau  28 
Mar  3 
Jan  13 
Jan  11 
Mar  6 
Feb  17 
Feb  6 
Feb  20 
Jan  28 
Feb  28 
Teh  20 
Feb  24 
Jan  20 
Feb  12 
Jan  4 
Feb  20 
Jan  28 
Feb  10 
Jan  15 
Feb  6 
Mar  5 
Mar  3 
Jan  24 
Mar  3 
Jan  6 


Feb  21 
Mar  25 

Feb  3 
Feb  25 
Mar  26 

Mar  9 
Feb  24 
Mar  20 
Feb  18 
Mar  20 
Mar  13 
Mar  14 
Feb  11 
Mar  12 

Feb  4 
Mar  12 
■  Feb  18 
Mar  6 

Feb  5 
Felt  27 
Mar  26 
Mar  24 
Feb  18 
Mar  31 

Feb  4 


B  Lengley  309  California  at 

£H  Brown  327  Pine  at 

W  Willis  309  Montgomery  st 

B  &  Kellogg  306  Pine  et 

,£  H  .:L^nt  309  Montgomery  st 
Wm  A  Van  VanBokkelen          309  Cal 

T?  S  Kellogg  306  Pine  st 

rjp^n  "reit  636  Washington  st 

R  N  Van  Brunt  318  Pine  at 


O  C  Miller 
J  M  Buflington 
N  C  Walton 
P  M  McLaren 
Lcandcr  Leavitt 
JMorizio 
J  Morizio 
W  H  Lent 
A  C  McMeans 
J  Penteeost 
G  A  Holden 
D  A  Jennings 
SF  Monroe 
WL  Oliver 
J  L  Fields 
J  W  Clark 


4?6  California  st 

309  California  st 

324  Pine  st 

3)8  Pine  st 

309  Montg'y  st 

323  Montgomery  st 

328;Montgomery  at 

327  Pine  st 

24  Safe  Deposit  Build 

511  California  et 

310  Pine  at 

401  California  at 

419  California  st 

328  Montgomery  st 

240  Montgomery  at 

318  Pine  st 


MEETINGS  TO  BE  HELD. 


Location.    Secretar?: 


Almaden  Quicksilver  M  Co  California  John  F  Mahony 

1  lhcrokt'0  Fiat  Blue  G  M  Co  California  R  N  Van  Brunt 

Equitable  Tunnel  &  M  Co  Utah  Chas  J  Collins 

Father  de  Smet  Con  G  M  Co  Dakota  Thvo  Widman 

Magalia  G  M  Co  Nevada  T  A  White 

Manhattan  S  M  Co  Nevada  John  Crocket 

North  Con  Virginia  M  Co  Nevada  G  C  Pratt 

Northern  King  M  &  M  Co  Nevada  G  F  Glover 

Telfair  MCo  Nevada  J  Pentecost 

United  States  Con  G  &  S  M  CoCalifornia  M  C  Southard 

Union  Flag  G  &  S  M  Co  Nevada  W  H  Allen 


OFFrcK  in  S.  F. 

207  Sansome  nt 

318  Pine  st 

227  Montgomery  st 

404  Montgomery  at 

H3Leidesdorff  st 

203  Bush  st 

309  Mongomery  st 

318  Pine  st 

331  Montgomery  st 

523  Kearny  at 

419  California  st 


LATEST   DIVIDENDS— "WITHIN    THREE 


Name  cf  Company. 
Bodie  G  M  Co 
California  M  Co 

Exoilsior  W&MCo 
Eureka  Con  M  Co 
Golden  Star  M  Co 
Indian  Queen  M  &  M  Co 
Independence  M  Co 
New  York  Hill  G  M  Co 
Silver  King  M  Co 
Standard  G  MCo 


Location. 
California 

Nevada 
California 

Nevada 

Arizona 
California 

Nevada 

Arizona 
California 


Secretary. 
W  H  Lent 
C  P  Gordon 
G  P  Thurston 
W  W  Traylor 
J  W  Morgan 
A  K  Durbrow 
R  H  Brown 
F  J  Herrmann 
W  H  Boothe 
W  Willis 


Office  in  S.  F. 

327  Pine  st 

23  Nevada  Block 

315  California  st 

37  Nevada  Block 

318  Pine  st 

69  Nevada  Block 

327  Pine  at 

418  Kearny  at 

320  California  at 

309  Montgomery  st 


Annual 

Annual 

Febl 

Special 

Annual 

Feb  6 

Special 

Annual 

Annual 

Special 

Feb  13 

Annual 

Feb  11 

Special 

Febl 

Aiinual 

Feb  13 

MONTHS 

Amocnt. 

PATABLB 

1  00 

Jan  20 

1  00 

Jan  16 

3  00 

Dec  20 

25 

Dec  9 

25 

Dec  17 

25 

Nov  20 

25 

Oct  24 

50 

Oct  22 

1  00 

Jan  13 

40  Chollar 49 

290  Crown  Point 5fi@5f 

1365  Exchequer 6i(*6j 

480  Gould  &  Ciury. .  ,13g@13i 

100  Geo  Douglas 50c 

325  Hale  &  Nor. . . .-.  .17i@17| 

160  Justice 4.30 

905  Julia S.£'~' 

150  Kentuck 

100  Kossuth 20c 

70  LadyWash li 

700  L  Bryan 75<a?0c 

1050  Leviathan 70@75c 

260  Mexican .34i@34j 

480  Mides U 

300  New  York 75e 

195  N  Con  Virginia. . . 

400-N  Sierra  Nevada 5c 

200  N  Bonanza H@1.45 

SO  Ophir 34J 

250  Overman 10$@11 

1960  Phil  Sheridan  .  ...25@30c 
590  SierraNevada. ...46i(5>47J 
1010  Savage 14g(ftl42 

40  Seg  Belcher 23 

750  Silver  Hill 2.35@2.40 

500  Succor 1.40@U 

800  Sutro .20c 

30  Scorpion li 

450  Solid  SUver 79@75c 

50  St  Louis £5c 

240  Utah 181<fl?lS; 

75  Union 59| 

340  Wells-Fargo 20@15< 

780  Ward 85@80( 

1120  Yellow  Jacket... 20i@20i 


afternoon  session. 

1330  Argenta 70@75c 

750  Belmont 60(#65c 

700  Belle  Isle 20c 

230  Bodie 7i@8 

100  Black  Hawk. 65c 

400  Booker 40@50c 

75  CPacific li 

100  Day 1 

500  Endowment 25c 

15  Eureka  Con 27@27£ 

600  Grand  Prize 4." " ~ 

100  Golden  Chariot 20c 

300  Goodshaw 30c 

200  Hussey 15c 

1100  Highbridge li@1.70 

120  Hillside 1.90@2 

200  Independence 1 .  40 

50  Leeds 1 

335  Leopard 25@30c 

180  Modoc 60c 

125  Martin  White 5 

183  Mono 1.65<»lj 

400  McClinton 35@40c 

10  Manhattan 3.60 

265  Northern  Belle 6$ 

170  Navajo 25@30c 

650  Oriental .50c 

815  Paradise 


530  Caledonia 2.90 

150  Challenge 

490  Dardenelles .^.3J 

985  Exchequer 

1410  Flowery 45@50c 

330  Gould  &  Curry..  ,13J@13g 

100  Geo  Douglas 55c 

295  Hale  &  Nor 17@17i 

330  Justice 4@4.10 

825  Julia 3.65@3_.70 

110  Kentuck 

1050  Kossuth 20c 

75  LadyWash 

955  Lady  Bryan 75@70c 

440  Leviathan 00c 

390  Mexican 38@38i 

1220  New  York " 

395  North  Con  Vir 

500  N  Sierra  Nevada 10c 

2070  N  Bonanza 2_<a2.45 

320  Ophir 3i3@35 

175  Overman 10S(od0i 

4200  Phil  Sheridan  . . .  .30@40c 
920  Sierra  Nevada.... 48j@49 

420  Savage 13f@14 

280  Succor 75@90c 

895  Silver  Hill 2.05(g2.15 

25  Scorpion 1 

970  Solid  Silver _.55c 

1025  Trojan '. __ 

470  Union  Con 60@61 

240  Utah 18£(cfil9 

370  Ward 75@80c 

380  Yellow  Jacket... 20@20. 
AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

650  Argenta 60c 

310  Bulwer 14. 

355  Bodie 7_~" 

70  Bechtel 75c 

950  Belmont 75@80c 

540  Belle  Isle 20c 

950  Booker 30c 

130  Belvidere 50@55c 

125  CPacific 1.35(31.40 

225  Dudley 1.35@1.40 

200  DeFrees 

175  Eureka  Con .. 

2150  Endowment 15c 

200  Gila ._,.5e 

200  Goodshaw "  \_ 

470  GrandPrize 4.45@4_ 

525  Hussey 15c 

700  Highbridge 1_@1.60 

115  Hillside 2 

790  Independence..  ,.1_@1. 55 

110  Jackaon 7@7i 

400  Leopard 25@30c 

100  Leeds I"  _' 

60  Martin  White 5 

150  May  Belle 50@55o 

235  Mono li 

20  Manhattan $1 

100  McClinton 40c 

925  Navajo 35c 

300  Northern  Belle 6<g61 

1500  Paradise 24 

245  Real  Del  Monte 1_ 

470  Raymond  &  Ely . . . . 5_<&e 

305  Summit 1.90(^2 

50  Star 65c 

1850  S  Bulwer 50@60c 

140  Tioga  Con 1_ 


Pacific  Board— Latest  Sales. 


Wc<l*s<lnr  A.M.,  Jan.  29, 

20  Alpha Hi 

40  Alta 8j@8} 

160  Belcher 5_@6.65 

210  Beat  &  Belcher 21 J 

220  Bullion 8," 

80  Benton 5i 

15  Con  Virginia Si 

1000  Con  Imperial 1.10 

30  Chollar 46. 

80  Crown  Point... 5. 55W5.6U 

160  Caledonia 2.9  @ 

185  Exchequer 6  _ 

140  Gould  &  Curry T134 

95  Hale  &  Nor 17i@17a 

60  Justice 4 

25  Julia 3*@3.55 

60  Kentuck -f 

180  Mexican ; 37@37, 

260  Ophir 33i@3- 

20  Overman 10. 

250  Savage 13_@13j 

305  Sierra  Nevada 4! 

820  Silver  Hill 2@13 

25  Union  Con 61 

10  Utah 18} 

25  Yellow  Jacket... 19iJ@I9i 

A  FTEUNOON  SESSION. 

50  Alta 8i@8i 

765  Belcher 5_@6 

5  Best  &  Belcher 21 

20  Benton 61<&6i 


Crown  Point 5£<-*5.  65 

Con  Virginia Sjjd*  82 

Caledonia 2.  90 

California 9_ 

Con  Imperial l.Oo 

Exchequer  6i@6.10 

Flowery 45(®40c 

Geo  Doug  as i50c 

Hale&  Nor 16„ 

Justice 4.05 

Julia 3.60ir/3.55 

Mackey 2_ 

Mexican 37* 

North  Con  Vir....6i@63 

N  Bonanza 2_@2.70 

New  York 90@95c 

Overman 104 

Ophir 33l 

Phil  Sheridan  . . .  .33@35c 

Ray'd&  Ely 7i 

S  Utah 5c 

St  Louis 65@70c 

Solid  Silver. 45c 

Savage 13_@13_ 

Succor 1.05 

S  Bulwer 65c 

Sierra  Nevada ....  48r*  481 

Santiago 1.65@l| 

Silver  Hill 202.10 

Ward 80c 

Yellow  Jacket 1S| 


California  Board— Latest  Sales. 


Woil'srtay  A.JI.,.?un.  2J». 

40  Alpha i 

40  Alta 7g@8 

300  Alpine 55c 

700  jEtna 2c 

500  Atlas 17c 

375  Atlanta 5@llc 

20  Best  &  Belcher 22 

110  Belcher 5g@5_ 

40  Bullion T 

50  California 9 

60  Con  Virginia 89081 

420  Con  Imperial. 
50  Crown  Point . 
60  Exchequer... 

100  Favorite 

45  Gould&Curry 131 

50  Hale  &  Norcross 17J 

40  Justice 4 

50  Julia. . 

200  Lady  Bryan 60c 

50  Mexican 37 

100  Mackey 2J 

1C0  NUnion 20c 

200  North  Carson 18c 

630  N  SierraNevada... 10@Sc 

40  Ophir 35 

50  Rock  Island 8c 


,.1.05@1.07 
..." 5_ 


,60c 


45  Savage 13 

200  Santiago 1.0 

120  .Silver  Hill 

100  Trojan 45 

50  Woodville 35c 

40  Yellow  Jacket gel 

afternoon  session. 

200  Aloha 141@14i 

5C0  --Etna 2c 

00  Atlas 10c 

160  Alta H((t&\ 

160  Alexander ~.  .6 

00  Almaden  Q 70c 

45  Bullion 8i 

40  Best&Bolchcr 213 

3f.5  KHcher 5.70(n5.J. 

00  Black  Hawk 80c 

40  Con  Virginia 8* 

o40  Crown  Point. 5.60 

00  Con  Imperial..  1.10(91.05 

160  California 9"3@9* 

730  Caledonia 2J 

150  CosoCon 5c 

00  Dayton 19c 

310  Exchequer 6J 

00  Euterprise .Is 

45  Gould&Curry 13| 

60  Hale&Nor 16 


February  J,  1879.] 


MINING     AND    SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


69 


70  Julia 31@3.56|    40  Huvace l^i 

55  Jiutioc    4-05     20  Sierra  NV*^la 48 

30  Meite«) 37 1     70  SOmr  Hill 1.09 

St 


110  Mickey 

Vurk. 

40  Ot>lur 


■'  Twi 



SV    40  Yellow  Jacket.. .. 


3 


ining    Summary. 


Mining  Share  Market. 


The  mining  share  market  during  the  past 
week  has  been  devoid  of  general  interest.  Xo 
itrong  feature  has  been  developed,  nor  has  any 
movement  catling  for  special  comment  occurred. 
A  dearth  of  orders  from  what  are  supposed  to 
be  the  controlling  powers,  suppressed  all  enthu- 
siasm, and  lead  outsiders  to  realize  freely  when 
opportunity  offered.  As  a  consequence,  trans- 
actions  were  comparatively  few  and  limited,  and 

S  held  to  a  low  range.     The  hope   of  early 

pmenteonthe  Comatook  belt  serves  to 
keep  alive  confidence,  but  fails  to  euthuse  the 
struct.  The  prospect  sustains  the  market,  but 
gives  it  uu  positive  strength.  With  life  so  kept 
in  it,  only  a  little  in  the  way  of  new  ore  finds 
would  be  required  to  render  the  market  buoy- 
ant, and  perhaps  "booming. "  Until  then  it  will 
probably  remaiu  litful  and  spiritless,  tluctuating 
only  over  a  narrow  margin.  The  loug  impend- 
ing conflict  between  Mr.  Sutro  and  the  Coin- 
stock  companies  seems  about  to  be  precipitated. 
New  issues  and  complications  have  lately  arisen 
between  these  parties,  which  will  now,  most 
likely,  have  to  he  settled  in  the  courts. 


The  following  is  mostly  condensed  (rum  journals  pub- 
lished in  the  Interior,  in  proximity  to  the  mines  mentioned. 


Bullion  Shipments. 

Since  our  last  issue  shipments  of  bullion  have 
been  as  follows:  Tybo  Con.,  Jan.  17th,  $4,0(i4.- 
60;  Argenta,  Jan.  19th,  S5.S47.38;  Tybo  Con., 
Jan.  20th,  $4,087.41;  Christy,  Jan.  26th, 
$7,327;  Con.  Virginia,  Jan.  25th,  $17,793.53; 
Trojan,  Jan.  22d,  $G,S0'0.48;  Alexander,  Jan. 
27th,  $6,163;  Tybo  Con.,  Jan.  23d,  S3.9S6.99; 
Tybo  Con.,  Jan.  24th,  §3,923.55;  California, 
Jan.  25th,  $101,797.54;  Budie,  Jan.  22d,  $11,- 
414.37;  Standard,  Jan,  23d,  $17,985.53;  North- 
ern Belle,  Jan.  22d,  $2,631.09;  Trojan,  Jau. 
22d,  $6,880.30;  Paradise  Valley,  Jan.  23d, 
$3,3:14;  Paradise  Valley,  Jau.  24th,  $3,315.78; 
Grand  Prize,  Jan.  27th,  $21,000;  Ophir,  Jan. 
24th,  $24,030,96. 


Leaching  at  the  Silver  Pkak  Mine. — The 
shipment  of  bullion  from  the  Silver  Peak  mine, 
Esmeralda  county,  Nevada,  for  1S78,  was  $112,- 
417.63.  Of  this,  $21,106.90  was  from  the  old 
amalgamating  work's  mill  to  April  3d.  The 
remainder,  $91,310.73,  was  from  the  new 
chloride  leaching  mill,  six  and  a  half  months' 
run.  These  works  are  under  the  superintend- 
ence of  Mr.  1).  W.  Brunton,  who  has  intro- 
duced an  improved  and  extremely  simple  system 
of  leaching.  He  is  also  using  an  improved  form 
of  furnace  which  has  been  very  successful,  and 
for  which  he  has  applied  for  Letters  Patent. 


Hymenial. — We  acknowledge  with  pleasure 
the  receipts  of  cards  of  invitation  to  the  marri- 
age of  Miss  Nina  Evans,  daughter  of  A.  H. 
Evans,  Esq.,  to  Mr.  Bartram  Zevely,  at  Wash- 
ington, D.  C.  The  ceremony  was  announced 
for  January  30th,  at  the  Church  of  the  Ascen- 
sion, and  has  therefore  already  taken  place. 
Although  it  be  late,  we  tender  our  sincere 
congratulations  and  good  wishes  to  the  happy 
pair,  and  in  this  sentiment  our  readers  and  pat- 
rons will  join,  for  Mr.  Evans,  the  bride's  father, 
is  our  agent  at  the  national  capital.  May  they 
live  long  and  be  happy. 

Money. — People  who  can  appreciate  money, 
or  who  have  learned  how  to  acquire  and  to  hold 
property,  will  take  interest  in  Mr.  Del  Mar's 
able  study,  in  this  issue,  of  the  evolution  of 
ideas  and  of  the  words  coined  to  express 
them,  in  the  currencies  so  intimately  related  to 
the  precious  metal  mining  industry  of  the 
world.  He  shows  the  rationale  of  the  word-cur- 
rency of  Currency,  and  the  value  that  is  to  be 
attached  to  Value,  leaving  the  reader  to  travel 
on  himself  over  the  rest  of  the  ground  of 
property  in  propria  persona. 

The  New  Afterthought  Mill. — The  After- 
thought mining  company,  of  North  Cow  Creek 
mining  district,  Shasta  county,  Cal.,  are  putting 
up  a  new  10-stamp  mill  on  the  site  of  the  old 
one  (burned  last  spring),  and  expect  to  have  it 
running  by  the  1st  of  April.  The  O'Harra 
process  is  to  be  used,  which  is  chloridizing 
and  leaching.  The  experience  in  the  old  mill 
was  very  satisfactory,  so  they  have  no  doubt  it 
will  work  the  ore  to  .their  entire  satisfaction. 
They  think  they  can  work  Meadow  Lake  or  any 
other  ore. 


The  Kendall  Ore  Stamp. — One  of  the  Ken- 
dall ore  stamps  mills,  which  we  recently  illus- 
trated in  the  Press,  is  running  at  Rough  and 
Ready,  near  Grass  Valley,  and  is  said  to  be 
crushing  one  ton  per  day,  giving  excellent  satis- 
faction. Another  is  running  at  Sonora,  Tuol- 
umne county,  and  there  are  three  in  Amador 
county.     One  has  also  gone  to  Caribou. 

A  cargo  of  Carrara  marble,  lost  eight  years 
ago  at  sea,  and  recently  discovered,  was  found 
to  be  completely  honey-combed  by  some  marine- 
boring  animal. 


CALIFORNIA. 
AMADOR. 

AThiuftv  Town.  —  Ltdger,  Jan. 26:  Amador 
City  is  growing  rapidly  and  business  of  all  kinds 
is  very  brisk.  Everybody  seems  busy  and 
money  is  circulating  freely.  The  Keystone 
mine  moves  along  in  its  career  of  gold  produc- 
tion, pay-day  comes  with  clockwork  regularity. 

Piping.— -The  work  of  laying  the  pipe  from 
the  Oneida  mill  to  the  head  of  the  Moore  mine 
ditch  was  commenced  last  Wednesday. 

&]  ii  I  K  ORE.— In  the  shaft  of  the  Tellurium 
mine  a  veiu  of  ore  was  struck  on  the  20th  iust., 
very  rich  in  Biilphurets  and  free  gold,  at  about 
140  feet  in  depth.  They  have  had  very  hard 
rock  for  some-time  past:  anil  have  consequently 
made  rather  slow  progress  in  sinking.  The 
vein  seems  to  be  widening  as  they  go  deeper. 

PLYMOUTH. — There  is  more  work  going  on 
here  than  usual.  Capitalists  are  investing  their 
funds  in  the  development  of  our  mines,  with  the 
indications  strongly  pointing  to  rich  returns. 
Lucky  Baldwin,  it  is  said,  has  bonded  Pond- 
stone's  mine  in  Big  canyon  for  $00,000.  Hoist- 
ing works  are  already  up,  aud  the  mill  is  under 
contract,  and  will  be  rapidly  built.  A  San 
Francisco  company  are  also  about  to  resume 
work  on  the  Central  mine,  on  which  work  was 
suspended  last  year. 

Strikes. — They  have  pushed  a  tunnel  into 
the  Thomas  George  claim  a  distance  of  130  feet, 
and  are  rapidly  approaching  the  main  ledge, 
having  already  passed  through  several  small 
veins  of  rich  quartz.  The  surface  has  been 
worked  for  years  by  Mr.  George,  and  has  yield- 
ed handsomely  of  the  coveted  metal.  Work  on 
the  Enterprise  mine  will,  according  to  report, 
be  resumed.  It  is  also  reported  that  rich  ore 
has  been  struck  in  the  new  shaft  south  of  the 
Phoenix — Hooper  &  Hayward's  claim.  If  it 
proves  true,  we  shall  ere  long  have  another 
mill  turning  out  bullion.  Two  of  our  pocket 
miners,  Tripp  &  Smith,  stumbled  across  a  rich 
pocket  last  week,  about  four  miles  north  of 
town,  and  took  §10  to  the  pan.  Other  parties 
on  the  same  range  are  making  good  wages,  so 
that  our  placer  diggings  are  not  all  played  out. 
The  Phcenix  is  surrendering  quartz  of  the  richest 
equality.  A.  Hayward  has  been  up,  and  ordered 
the  Superintendent  to  buy  all  the  wood  he  can 
get,  so  as  to  insure  the  continuous  running  of 
the  works.  A  disbursement  of  mint-drops — 
double  eagles — is  expected  this  week. 

CALAVERAS. 

The  Gwin  Mine. — Chronicle,  Jan.  25:  A 
considerable  stream  of  water  was  struck  in  the 
1500  level  of  the  Gwin  mine  this  week 
that  for  a  time  threatened  to  deluge  things  gen- 
erally. All  the  pumps  and  one  bucket  were  kept 
very  busy  for  several  days  in  preventing  the  wa- 
ter from  filling  the  mine.  We  learn,  however, 
that  the  water  has  greatly  diminished  in  quan- 
tity and  that  no  further  trouble  is  anticipated 
from  that  source.  A  report  was  also  in  circula- 
tion here  that  the  1500  level  was  grad- 
ually closing,  but  as  we  have  been  unable  to 
trace  the  rumor  to  any  authentic  source  it  is 
probable  that  the  truth  has  been  greatly  exag- 
gerated. The  batteries  are  running  as  usual 
with  fair  results. 

Hauling  Rock  from  the  Banner. — Another 
crushing  of  ore  has  been  mined  at  the  Banner 
mine,  at  Glencoe,  and  the  work  of  hauling  it  to 
Garland's  mill  was  commenced  last  Tuesday 
morning.  There  are  100  tons  of  ore  on  the 
dumps,  none  of  it  has  ever  yielded  less  than  a 
§100  per  ton. 

Clean-up. — We  learn  that  a  partial  clean-up 
was  made  at  the  Mammoth  hydraulic,  lately,  the 
yield  being  great,  even  in  excess  of  expecta- 
tions. 

New  Mill. — A  new  10-stamp  mill  has  lately 
been  put  on  the  Garabaldi  mine,  located  about 
a  mile  and  a  half  below  Robinson's  Perry  on  the 
Stanislaus.  There  is  a  good  deal  of  activity  be- 
ing displayed  in  mining  operations  in  the 
southern  part  of  the  county.  The  Morgan 
mine  at  Carson  Hill  is  being  more  vigorously 
worked  than  ever,  and  expensive  machinery 
has  been  put  upon  the  Melones  mine  at  Robin- 
son's Ferry. 

EL  DORADO- 

About  Kelsey. — Mountain  Democrat,  Jan. 
25:  The  Estrella  mine  is  situated  on  a  lode  ly- 
ing about  a  half  mile  east  of  the  Gold  Deposit 
lode,  with  the  Doncaster  and  Saint  Lawrence 
lode  lying  between  them.  All  of  the  lodes  are 
running  nearly  north  and  south,  cutting  the 
formation  at  an  angle  of  about  20°.  They  are 
situated  in  a  belt  of  country  composed  of  slate 
and  porphyry,  which  has  been  fabulously  rich 
in  placer  gold,  and  there  is  every  evidence  to 
lead  one  to  believe  that  these  four  lodes  are  the 
sources  from  which  the  vast  amount  of  gold 
which  enriched  our  ravines  and  gulches  was 
derived. 


INYO- 

New  Silver  Belt. — Independent,  Jan.  IS: 
There  is  something  of  a  local  excitement  re- 
garding discoveries  made  lately  in  this  vicinity. 
From  the  Yellow  Grade  mines  below  Cerro 
Gordo,  there  evidently  extends  northward  a  sil- 
ver belt  which  includes  in  the  same  general  line 
the  new  mines  belonging  to  Meysan,  Hanger, 
Palmer  and  others  running  above  Swansea. 
Old  ledges  of  the  same  character  are  known  to 
exist  on   the  mountain's  side  below  Hahn's  and 


New  York  peaks,  and  still  further  north  above 
the  Eclipse  gold  mine.  This  brings  us  nearly 
to  the  south  end  of  a  well  defined  ledge  which 
18  traceable  for  more  than  a  mile  in  length. 
The  Deaaliar  party  are  opening  their  mine,  and 
have  done  sutlicieut  to  show  a  remarkably 
good  "prospect," at  least.  A  tunnel  22  feet, 
running  with  the  ledge  and  attaining  a  depth 
of  about  30  feet  under  the  surface,  shows  on 
top  and  bottom  a  solid,  lS-inch  ledge  of  gray 
carbonate  ore.  A  specimen  of  this  weighing 
some  40  pounds  and  assaying  $400  per  ton,  may 
be  found  at  Levy's  saloon  and  examined  by  the 
curious.  A  piece  of  tho  same  weighing  l>2 
pounds,  with  stratas  running  through  it  assay- 
ing from  $800  to  SI, 000  per  ton,  lias  been  sent 
to  Bodie,  and  for  a  time  will  be  exhibited  at 
Cullen  &  McDermott's  saloon.  The  boys  have 
Erom  l5to  20  tons  of  such  ore  on  the  dump, 
and  their  property,  for  the  present  anyway,  is 
not  for  sale.  It  lies  in  an  unbroken  lime  for- 
mation, stands  at  the  regulation  angle  into  the 
hill,  the  walls  being  judged  perfect  by  old  min- 
ers. This  ledge  is  situated  about  half  way  up 
the  Inyo  mountains  across  the  valley,  and  some 
10  miles  distant  from  Independence.  In  the 
old  days  of  San  Carlos,  Chrysopolis  and  Bend 
City  operations  this  country  referred  to,  above 
the  foothill  region  then  worked,  was  just  begin- 
ning to  be  prospected  when  the  Indians  made 
things  entirely,too  hot  for  continuous  and  steady 
work.  Since  then  the  valuable  mines  right  be- 
fore our  doors,  as  it  were,  have  been  compara- 
tively unheard  of  until  the  present. 
MONO 

Open  Winter  thus  Far. — Bodie  Standard, 
Jan.  25:  The  continued  tine  weather  of  the 
past  week  has  rendered  it  possible  for  mining 
companies  to  pursue  their  workings  without  in- 
terruption, and  well  have  they  improved  the 
opportunity.  Dump  piles  have  increased  in 
size  with  remarkable  rapidity,  and  explorations 
under  ground  have  been  pushed  ahead  with 
vigor  and  energy.  Such  an  open  winter  is  one 
of  the  things  which  surprise  the  oldest  and 
most  knowing  inhabitant,  and  is  said  to  be  al- 
most unprecedented. 

The  Mining  Outlook. — The  most  confident 
people  in  Bodie  are  those  whose  duties  render 
them  most  familiar  with  the  mines.  The 
knowledge  which  the  reporter  obtained  in  his 
rounds  make  him  the  most  sanguiue  of  all  in  his 
estimate  of  the  future  of  Bodie  district.  There 
has  never  been  a  time  in  the  history  of  the 
camp  when  there  was  so  little  doubt  as  to  its 
great  resources  as  now.  The  stock  market, 
which  is  in  a  sense  the  barometer  which  gauges 
the  estimation  in  which  mining  properties  are 
held  by  the  public,  exhibited  a  somewhat 
stronger  tone  during  last  week,  the  favorites 
being  South  Bulwer,  Summit  aud  Dudley.  I: 
the  former  we  have  been  called  upon  to  record 
a  strike  of  the  most  important  character.  The 
Summit  mine  is  and  has  been  a  great  favorite 
with  investors,  and  the  raise  has  probably  been 
caused  by  a  general  desire  to  "load  up"  with 
that  particular  stock.  The  Dudley  is  running 
a  crosscut  at  300  feet  depth,  of  which  great 
hopes  are  entertained.  The  stock  market, 
after  all,  throws  but  a  fitful  and  uncertain  light 
upon  what  is  really  being  done.  The  dumps 
which  are  growing  to  gigantic  proportions  about 
many  of  our  hoisting  works  are  really  better 
monuments  of  the  work  which  is  being  ac- 
complished. 

Work  at  the  Various  Mines. — Mono  is 
about  to  engage  in  an  extensive  and  compre- 
hensive system  of  prospecting  the  northern  por- 
tion of  its  own  ground  as  well  as  the  southern 
end  of  the  Bodie,  in  which  the  Bodie  mine  will 
share  the  expense.  The  Red  Cloud  has  again 
resumed  operations,  and  the  mine  is  now  free 
from  water  for  the  first  time  since  last  August. 
As  the  east  crosscut  was  approaching  the  Red 
Cloud  vein  when  the  water  came  in,  and  a  west 
crosscut  will  at  once  be  started  for  the  Packard 
and  Morton  ledge,  an  early  development  in  that 
mine  is  among  the  prospects  of  the  early  future. 
The  Noonday  is  looking  remarkably  well,  the 
ledge  having  widened  very  materially  since  last 
week.  AVork  in  the  main  shaft  of  the  Con. 
Pacific  is  being  pushed  night  and  day.  The 
rock  in  bottom  of  shaft  is  quite  hard,  with 
streaks  and  bunches  of  quartz  coming  in.  The 
sbaft  is  now  down  about  200  feet,  and  every- 
thing is  working  well.  In  the  Standard  mine 
they  have  an  immense  amount  of  ore  in  eight, 
Much  of  their  richest  ore  is  left  standing,  as 
they  can  extract  it  at  any  time.  They  can  get 
out  all  the  ore  they  can  crush  while  doing  work 
for  the  exploration  and  development  of  the 
mine.  They  have  reserves  containing  ore  worth 
§2,000  per  ton.  The  Bulwer  company  have 
over  800  tons  of  rich  ore  at  the  Bodie  mill,  and 
will  begin  crushing  as  soon  as  water  can  be  ob- 
tained. Work  is  going  on  as  usual,  except  in 
some  of  the  little  outside  mines,  which  are  some 
distance  out  of  town  aud  have  been  shut  down 
for  the  winter.  Business  men  from  California 
are  buying  lots  in  the  town  of  Bodie  and  will 
open  places  of  business  thereon  early  next 
spring.  In  the  South  Standard  good  progress 
has  been  made  in  the  east  crosscut  on  the  400 
level,  having  advanced  some  70  feet  through 
favorable-looking  ledge  matter.  In  the  west 
crosscut,  on  the  same  level,  progress  has  been 
slow,  owing  to  extreme  hardness  of  the  rock, 
which  is  blue  porphyry  with  occasional  seams 
of  clay.  The  water  is  not  quite  so  strong;  no 
difficulty  is  experienced  in  handling  it.  Ma- 
chinery working  well. 

NAPA. 

May  Resume. — Calistogian,  Jan.  23:  There  is 
much  talk  about  working  some  of  the  many 
silver  claims  in  the  vicinity  of  Calistoga,  and 


a  few  people  from  abroad  have  lately  visited 
this  section  for  the  purpose  of  looking  over  the 
mining  district,  but  whether  anything  worth 
mentioning  will  soon  result  from  such  talk  and 
visits  remains  to  be  seen.  One  thing  is  certain, 
however,  and  it  is  that  the  question  as  to  whether 
the  large  ledges  of  silver-bearing  ore  are  really 
of  sulfieient  extent  to  guarantee  the  erection  of 
quartz  mills  cannot  remain  unsolved  a  great 
many  months  longer. 

CHROME.— H.  A.  Aldrich  and  AV.  W.  Eggert, 
who  own  a  farm  nearGleubrook,  in  Lake  county, 
have  discovered  an  extensive  deposit  of  chrome 
iron  on  their  land.  They  have  prospected  suf- 
ficiently to  convince  themselves  that  there  are 
thousands  of  tons,  or  for  aught  they  know,  the 
deposit  is  unlimited.  Assays  have  been  made, 
and  the  owners  state  that  the  assayers  in  each 
instance  assured  them  that  it  was  the  richest 
ore  of  the  kind  they  ever  saw.  Aldrich  and 
Eggert  will  probably  soon  mine  aud  ship  a  large 
amount  of  the  ore,  as  they  have  an  otter  for  it. 
A  specimen  exhibited  in  town  last  week  looks 
very  fine  and  appears  to  be  all  they  claim  for  it. 

NEVADA. 

Started  Up. — Transcript,  Jan,  26:  TheMan- 
zanita  gravel  claim,  situated  on  the  outskirts  of 
the  town,  has  started  in  for  regular  business. 
Although  not  in  full  blast  yet,  owing  to  the 
scarcity  of  water,  they  are  utilizing  all  the  wa- 
ter running  in  the  Snow  Mountain  ditch,  which 
yesterday  amounted  to  1,400  inches.  Employ- 
ment is  given  here  to  between  40  and  50  hands. 

Other  Hydraulic  Mines.— Hirschman  & 
Co.,  near  town,  will  work  their  property  for  all 
it  is  worth,  as  soon  as  the  ditch  company  can 
furnish  them  water.  At  Chalk  Bluff,  Hussey's 
Hayward's  and  the  Bird's-eye  Creek  companies 
are  making  the  dirt  fly  at  a  lively  rate.  The 
Cascade  ditch  is  running  a  good-sized  head  of 
water,  and  the  following  claims  will  be  in  full 
blast  shortly,  some  of  them  having  commenced 
washing  already:  The  Camden  and  Florence  at 
Hunt's  hill;  Jacobs  &  Sargent  at  Quaker  hill, 
and  Sim  Jordan's  at  Scott's  fiat.  The  North 
Bloomfield  and  Milton  companies  will  be  grind- 
ing out  the  gold  aB  faBt  as  ever  shortly,  if  there 
is  not  an  entirely  unexpected  clearing  up  of  the 
weather. 

The  ditches  in  the  upper  part  of  the  county, 
which  have  been  choked  with  ice  and  snow  for 
some  time,  are  now  clear  and  the  hydraulic 
prospect  is  good. 

A7ein  Mines. — The  engine  of  the  Scadden  Flat 
hoisting  works  has  been  driving  the  pumps 
steadily  all  week.  The  shutting  down,  caused 
by  the  cold  weather,  lasted  but  a  few  days.  The 
shaft  of  the  Iron  Clad  mine  below  Rough  and 
Ready  is  down  150  feet.  The  vein  is  good  size 
and  quality,  and  as  far  as  prospected  has  yield- 
ed §35  per  ton.  The  Myers  Ledge  in  which  a 
rich  strike  was  reported  some  time  ago,  is 
located  near  the  upper  end  of  Willow  valley. 
The  owuers  are  starting  an  incline  preparatory 
to  the  erection  of  hoisting  machinery.  The 
mill  at  the  Deadwood  mine  will  start  up  again 
next  week.  New  coppers  and  new  concentra- 
tors have  been  put  in  and  other  important  im- 
provements made.  They  have  about  200  tons 
of  ore  on  the  dump  at  present. 

Rt,ch  Quartz. — Foothill  Tidings,  Jan.  25  : 
Some  exceedingly  rich  quartz  was  taker  from 
the  Gold  Hill  mine  a  few  days  ago,  by  tributers, 
from  the  second  level,  350  feet  south  of  the 
shaft.  The  specimens  taken  out  were  very 
heavy  in  gold,  some  of  the  pieces  but  a  few 
inches  in  thickness  being  estimated  to  contain 
several  hundred  dollars.  This  rock  is  probably 
on  the  line  of  a  pay  chute  which  is  to  be  found 
in  that  part  of  the  mine.  But  it  will  be  several 
months  before  this  can  be  tested,  as  by  reason 
of  the  late  cold  weather  cutting  off  a  water  sup- 
ply for  the  engines  (the  water  from  the  shaft 
not  being  suitable  for  the  purpose),  and  but  a 
limited  amount  of  wood  on  hand,  the  mine  has 
been  shut  down  until  the  winter  season  iB  over. 
Work  will  be  resumed  as  early  in  the  spring  as 
it  will  be  possible  to  obtain  a  supply  of  fuel  at 
reasonable  rates. 

Watt  Blue  Gravel  Mine. — The  Superin- 
teudant's  letter  of  the  17th  inst.,  says  that  the 
main  east  drift  is  in  1,200  feet,  and  is  making 
fair  progress,  considering  the  extreme  hard 
character  of  large  boulders.  There  is  no  change 
in  the  appearance  of  the  gravel  since  the  last 
report.  The  north  drift,  west  of  No.  2  winze, 
is  in  GO  feet,  without  any  change. 

SHASTA- 

Afterthought. — Reading  Independent,  Jan. 
23:  At  this  miue  work  on  the  furnace  is  being 
rapidly  pushed  forward.  The  different  parts 
of  the  works  are  being  placed  in  position.  The 
indications  now  are,  owing  to  the  very  favorable 
fall  and  early  winter  weather,  that  the  mill  will 
be  completed  for  running  sooner  than  expected. 
The  fire-proof  rock  is  already  prepared  for  the 
bottom  of  the  furnace,  and  placed  in  position. 
The  reck,  in  forming  a  bed,  is  claimed  to  be  far 
superior  to  brick,  not  being  as  liable  to  he  dis- 
placed by  the  plows  passing  over,  and  on  ac- 
count of  the  even  and  smooth  surface  there  will 
be  no  danger  of  caking  or  choking  up  as  hereto- 
fore by  brick  beds.  The  retorting  works  will 
be  situated  in  about  the  same  position  as  before, 
but  with  the  advantage  of  a  flue  which  will  be 
constructed  to  convey  away  from  the  retort  the 
smoke,  flames,  sparks  and  fumes  arising,  to  one 
of  the  chimneys,  situated  some  distance  from 
the  mill.  This  will  be  another  great  precaution 
against  tire. 

Copper  City. — As  work  progresses  the  pros- 
pects here  improve.  The  Extra  company  make 
their  regular  shipments  of  bullion  and  in  one 
[Continued  on  Page  76- J 


70 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[February  i,  1879. 


Continued  from  page  66. 

rope,  the  severest  hailstorms  occur  during  years 
of  maximum  sun-spots. 

Dr.  Hornstein,  of  Prague,  has  discovered  a 
connection  of  the  wind  with  the  period  of  sun- 
spots  ;  he  shows  that  in  Prague,  as  in  Oxford, 
the  average  yearly  direction  of  the  wind  in  the 
time  from  fewest  to  most  sun-spots  progresses 
in  the  direction  of  from  south  to  west ;  on  the 
other  hand,  in  the  time  from  maximum  to 
minimum  sun-spots,  it  shows  an  opposite  varia- 
tion. He  further  finds  that  the  average  wind 
strength  at  Prague  likewise  exhibits  a  connec- 
tion with  the  11-years  period  of  sun-spots,  inas- 
much as  both  phenomena  reach  their  maxima 
and  minima  simultaneously.  He  says  these 
results  are  based  on  240,000  observations. 

Dr.  Moffat,  of  England,  in  discussing  ozone 
observations'from  1850  to  1869,  found  that  the 
maxima  and  minima  amounts  of  atmospheric 
ozone  occurred  in  cycles  of  years  which  were 
coincident  with  the  maxima  and  minima  of  sun- 
spots,  the  amount  of  ozone  in  some  maximum 
years  being  five  times  the  amount  in  some  mini- 
mum years. 

Investigations  show  that  in  Germany  the  best 
years  for  wine  occur  in  times  of  minimum  sun- 
spots. 

Cassini  has  observed  that  the  zodiacal  light  is 
much  more  brilliant  when  numerous  and  large 
sun-spots  are  present,  and  that  it  diminishes  in 
brightness  when  sun-spots  are  few. 
'  Having  up  to  this  point  indicated  some  of  the 
related  celestial  and  terrestrial  phenomena,  it 
will  be  proper  to  inquire  more  particularly  into 
the 

Sun-Spots  Themselves, 
And  endeavor  to  arrive  at  some  reasonable  hy- 
pothesis as  to  the  nature  of  the  sun,  of  its  action 
upon  the  earth  and  the  atmosphere,  of  the 
nature  of  sun-spots  and  the  probable  cause  of 
the  same. 

The  maximum,  intermediate,  and  minimum' 
presentations  of  sun-spots,  and  their  related 
earthly  phenomena,  are  not  found  to  occur  ex- 
actly at  a  definite  period,  but  there  is  such  a 
variation  in  the  time  of  their  recurrence  that  it 
is  necessary  to  proceed  along  the  line  of  averages. 
For  facility  of  examination  and  comparison,  it 
is  usual  to  group  both  the  maximum  and  mini- 
mum years  by  threes,  and  to  place  the  remain- 
ing years  of  the  1 1-years  cycle  into  the  immediate 
group.  The  exact  year  of  the  minimum  period, 
the  year  before,  and  the  year  after,  constitute 
the  minimum  group,  and  the  maximum  group  is 
formed  in  an  analagous  manner.  The  inter- 
mediate group  may  be  called  the  average  of  the 
cycles  j  and  natural  motions  may,  at  such  pe- 
riods, be  said  to  be  normal.  The  natural  phe- 
nomena which  seem  to  be  indicated  by  the  sun- 
spots,  and  which  are,  perhaps,  produced  by  the 
same  cause  as  are  the  spots,  do  not  always  co- 
incide, in  point  of  time  or  apparent  energy,  with 
the  increase  and  decrease  of  the  solar  spots,  but 
it  has  been  found  that  they  generally  do  occur 
within  the  three-years  group.  According  to  the 
formula  of  Dr.  Rudolf  Wolf,  whose  period  of 
11.11  years  is  usually  taken  as  the  average  num- 
ber of  years  required  to  form  a  complete  cycle,  th  e 
mean  relative  number  of  sun-spots  in  the  cycle 
years  has  been,  upon  the  average,  as  follows : 

1st  year 10.8 

2d  year 10.8 

3d  year 48.6 

4th  year 48.6 

6th  year 88 . 3 

6th  year. 88.3 

7th  year 65.3 

8th  year 65.3 

9th  year 38.5 

10th  year -. 3S.5 

11th  year. 16.3 

The  time  of 

Average  Ascent 
Of  the  period  from  extreme  minimum  to  ex- 
treme maximum,  and  the  reverse  motion,  are 
not  equal ;  the  former  has  been  found,  by  Prof. 
Balfour  Stewart,  to  have  a  mean  of  3. 52  years, 
and  the  time  of  descent  to  have  a  mean  of  7.55 
years,  giving  an  average  period  of  11.07  years. 
Dr.  Wolf,  founding  his  opinion  upon  a  longer 
series  of  observations  than  Prof.  Balfour,  states 
that  the  average  time  of  ascent  is  3.7  years,  and 
that  the  time  of  descent  is  7.4  years,  giving  an 
average  period  of  11.1  or  more  closely  11.11 
years,  makingnine  complete  periods  in  a  century. 
Others,  indeed,  by  basing  their  opinions  on  dif- 
ferent facts,  have  estimated  the  length  of  the 
cycle  as  lying  between  10  and  11  years;  but  Dr. 
Wolf's  investigations  have  been  so  profound,  so 
long  continued,  that,  as  they  embrace  the  par- 
ticulars of  the  sun-spots  for  several  centuries 
back,  his  statement  is  now  generally  accepted 
as  being  true,  or  nearly  so.  It  will  be  observed 
that  the  time  of  ascent  to  maximum  disturbance 
is  only  one-third  of  the  mean  cycle,  and  that  it 
takes  twice  as  long  for  the  spots  to  decline  to 
extreme  minimum  as  for  the  contrary  move- 
ment. This  is  both  remarkable  and  mysterious, 
and,  at  present,  incapable  of  explanation.  Mr. 
R.  A,  Proctor,  in  seeming  despair  of  our  ever 
really  knowing  much  about  the  sun-spots,  re- 
cently pronounced  the  whole  subject  of  the  cycle 
as  being  mysterious.  It  will,  however,  be  pa- 
tiently explored  and  understood  in  due  time. 
[To  be  Continued.  ] 


A  Far-Reaching  Echo. — It  is  said  there  is  a 
certain  point  on  a  ridge  high  up  on  Kearsarge 
mountain  where  can  be  heard  the  rumble  of 
trains  on  the  Southern  Pacific  railroad  as  they 
cross  the  range  to  the  weBt  of  Mohave,  140 
miles  distant.  There  is  a  regular  daily  train 
passing  at  10:30  o'clock,  and  upon  reaching  the 
place  at  this  hour  the  noise  of  the  train  is  heard 
as  stated. 


The  Evolution  of  Words  and  Theory  of 
Value. 

[Read  by  Hon.   Alex.  Del  Mar,  before  the  California 
Academy  of  Sciences,  San  Francisco,  December  16th,  1878." 

All  words  are  subject  to  mutation.  They  are 
created,  grow,  give  birth  to  other  words,  are 
altered  in  significance,  absorbed,  or  lose  their 
force,  or  dwindle  away  and  become  obsolete. 
This  course  of  change  is  due  to  their  environ- 
ment, which  is  the  human  mind;  and  it  is,  con- 
sequently, into  the  evolution  of  the  inteUect 
that  we  must  look  for  the  evolution  of  words. 

Rude  men  are  rude  of  speech,  and  this  con- 
sists of  a  few  names,  which  chiefly  represent 
the  things  of  which  they  stand  in  present  need, 
as  food  and  drink.  The  qualities  of  these  things 
next  engage  attention,  and  good,  bad,  big,  little, 
hard,  soft,  etc.,  come  into  use  as  words.  As 
the  observation  of  these  men  extends  and  their 
minds  develop,  so  do  their  vocabularies.  Mem- 
ory carries  them  into  the  past,  imagination 
into  the  future.  The  single  verb,  /  am,  finds 
two  new  companions,  /  was,  I  will  be.  Present- 
ly the  relations  between  things,  and  afterwards 
those  between  states  of  existence,  actions  and 
movements,  are  perceived,  and  words  are  coined 
to  express  them. 

This  coinage  is  usually  of  old  metal,  which  is 
cheaper,  or  easier  to  obtain,  than  new.  Poor 
people  use  their  garments  for  many  different 
purposes,  and  then  often  remake  them  before 
they  cast  them  off,  and  buy  new  ones.  The 
guacho's  cloak  is  also  his  coverlid;  his  horse 
blanket  his  umbreUa,  and  sometimes  even  his 
water  pitcher.  As  it  becomes  worn,  it  is  cut 
up  for  a  pair  of  trousers;  and  when  young  Pepe 
grows  old  enough  to  require  a  similar  garb  of 
dignity,  it  is  razeed  and  rendered  serviceable 
again;  and  so  it  continues  in  use  until  at  last, 
it  is  degraded  to  the  menial  level  of  a  house- 
cloth. 

It  is  thus  also  with  words.  Among  undevel- 
oped and  also  among  decayed  nations,  the  same 
word  is  used  to  convey  a  variety  of  meanings, 
as  witness,  many  of  the  words  in  the  Choctaw 
and  the  Chinese.  When  social  development  is 
taking  place,  the  ever-used  word  is  either 
specialized,  and  made  to  share  its  original  mean- 
ings with  other  special  words,  or  else  it  is  super- 
seded altogether  by  new  terms;  in  which  case 
the  first  word  becomes  degraded,  and  doomed 
to  extinction.  Thus  Lord,  which  was  once  the 
name  only  of  God,  being  superseded  altogether 
by  the  latter  term  or  its  equivalent,  subsequent- 
ly became  that  of  any  exalted  or  powerful  per- 
son; then  passed  generally  to  all  landed  propri- 
etors, and  is  now  attached  to  every  petty 
boarding-house  keeper,  in  the  form  of  land-lord. 
Master,  which  had  a  similar  exalted  origin,  is 
content  to  find  refuge  with  the  smallest  of  school 
boys.  St7-e,  in  the  curtailed  form  of  sir,  has 
fallen  from  the  dignity  of  feudal  paramountship 
to  the  level  of  coal-heavers,  and  dustmen;  and 
like  dame,  another  word  of  noble  origin,  will 
probably,  in  time,  become  obsolete.  In  the 
other  case — that  is  when  the  old  word  is  re- 
tained for  a  special  purpose — its  meaning  be- 
comes refined  with  the  general  refinement  of 
ideas,  always  supposing,  of  course,  that  social 
development  continues.  Thus  Barba,  ia  the 
Latin  for  beard,  and  originally  barbarians  meant 
simply  a  bearded  man.  Civitas  is  the  Latin  for 
a  community,  and  originally  a  civilized  man 
meant  simply  a  settler  or  one  who  dwelt  in  a 
community.  The  difference  between  barbarian 
and  civilized  was  therefore  merely  the  difference 
between  an  indigenous  Italian  and  a  Roman 
colonist.  The  Etruscans,  who  were  a  highly  re- 
fined people,  .  were  called  barbarians  by  the 
band  of  outlaws  and  pirates  who  founded  Rome. 
Little  by  little  these  words  came  to  have  mean- 
ings; then,  other  words  were  created  to  share 
these  meanings,  as  wild,  untamed,  savage,  on 
the  one  side,  and  enlightened,  cultured,  refined, 
on  the  other;  but  the  original  words  were  special- 
ized and  retained.  Passing  over  the  Dark  Ages, 
and  observing  the  word  civilization,  as  it  came 
into  use  again  in  modern  days,  we  find  that  it, 
at  first,  expressed  merely  a  phase  or  condition 
of  society;  then,  according  to  Guizot,  a  move- 
ment of  society,  and  now  it  embraces  both 
phase  and  movement,  with  the  probability  that 
in  time,  it  will  be  partly  displaced  by  progress, 
social  evolution,  and  other  more  special  terms. 
The  word  money  is  due  to  the  temple  of  Juno 
Moneta,  "where  the  coins  of  the  empire  were 
fabricated.  The  use  of  this  word,  was,  how- 
ever, not  common;  for  long  after  the  Roman 
numerary  system  was  broken  down,  nummus 
continued  to  be  used  as  the  generic  term  for  the 
circulating  medium. 

The  word  "money"  came  into  more  general 
use  during  the  Dark  Ages,  until  with  the 
scarcity,  debasement  and  eventual  almost  en- 
tire disuse  of  coins,  it  was  superseded  by 
species;  meaning,  literaUy,  payment  in  kind, 
but  afterward  in  the  form  of  specie,  applied  to 
coins  and  bullion.  This  word  "species"  was 
the  lowest  and  grossest  term  employed  to  ex- 
press the  circulating  medium  of  the  times,  the 
word  nummus  or  "numbers,"  of  the  Roman 
Commonwealth,  having  been  the  highest  and 
most  refined.  With  the  mediceval  period, 
which  fostered  the  Dark  Ages  and  the  reuse  of 
coins,  which  the  reopening  of  the  Roman  silver 
mines  in  Germany  and  elsewhere  rendered  pos- 
sible, the  word  "money"  again  came  into  use, 
and  being  always  associated  with  the  precious 
metals,  conveyed,no  meaning  apart  from  them, . 


and  previous  to  the  present  century  signified 
only  so  much  gold  and  silver;  this  being  the 
definition  given  to  it  by  all  of  the  earlier,  and 
many  of  the  later,  economists. 

With  the  general  restoration  of  peace,  the  re- 
turn of  security,  and  the  consequent  use  of  cor- 
porative and  governmental  credits  for  the  pur- 
poses of  a  circulating  medium,  the  meaning  of 
money  has  been  amplified,  and  it  is  now  gener- 
ally understood  to  include  any  description  of 
circulating  media,  whether  coins,  promissory 
bills,  or  irredeemable  notes,  otherwise  numma- 
ries  or  numeraries. 

But  perhaps  the  most  extraordinary  and  in- 
teresting term  in  our  vocabulary  is  "value." 
Everybody  uses  it,  yet  nobody  appears  to  be 
certain  of  its  meaning.  For  100  years  the  ablest 
intellects  in  the  world,  Adam  Smith,  Chevalier 
Storch,  Daniel  Ricardo,  Jean  Baptiste  Say, 
Frederic  Bastiat,  John  Stuart  Mill,  and  a  host 
of  lesser  lights,  have  tried  to  agree  upon  a  defi- 
nition of  value,  but  in  vain.  The  entire 
science  of  political  economy  is  built  upon  it;  the 
practical  affairs  of  government  hinge  upon  it; 
an  important  agency  of  man's  welfare  (a  good 
monetary  system)  waits  upon  it;  and  yet  no 
man  has  satisfactorily  analysed  it.  Although 
derived  from  the  Latin  word  valere,  the  word 
"value"  was  not  used  by  the  Romans  in  its 
present  sense.  It  came  into  use  with  the  specie 
money  of  the  Dark  Ages,  and  previous  to  the 
time  of  Bastiat,  scarcely  30  years  ago,  was  gen- 
erally construed  to  mean  that  attribute  of  a 
thing  which  was  derived  from  its  materiality 
and  durability,  or  from  the  coBt  of  its  produc- 
tion (labor),  or  from  its  usefulness  (utility),  or 
from  its  desirability.  These  are  the  opinions, 
respectively,  of  Adam  Smith,  Ricardo,  Jean 
Baptiste  Say,  and  Chevalier  Storch.* 

But  an  application  of  these  views  to  facts, 
showed  all  of  them  to  be  faulty.  Light  and  air 
have,  in  the  sense  meant,  neither  materiality 
nor  durability,  nevertheless  we  concede  the 
value  of,  and  are  ready  to  pay  for,  both  illumi- 
nation and  ventilation.  Neither  buyer  nor 
seller  consults  the  cost  of  production;  or  else 
gold  would  never  be  bought,  nor  diamonds  sold 
at  their  market  prices,  for  one  costs  more  than 
it  will  fetch  and  the  other  leBS.  As  for  utility, 
it  would  be  difficult  to  find  more  than  the 
merest  traces  of  it,  in  those  works  of  art  and 
luxury,  which  possess  the  highest  value;  and  if 
we  look  for  value  in  desirability,  land,  and 
water,  and  a  myriad  of  other  things,  which 
necessariUy  form  the  first  objects  of  man's  de- 
sire, but  which  nature  has  supplied  to  hint  so 
liberally  that  they  possess  little  or  no  value, 
arise  to  confute  the  definition. 

Unable  to  digest  the  word  as  a  whole,  the 
economists  attempted  to  manage  it  in  parts. 
They  split  it  into  pieces,  calling  one  value  in  use, 
another  value  in  exchange,  and  so  on,  until  each 
piece  was  small  enough  for  their  purpose  ;  but, 
still  in  vain,  there  always  remained  a  doubtful 
mass  which  they  could  not  dispose  of,  and  which 
constituted  the  enigma  of  the  science  they  had 
attempted  to  construct. 

Said  Bastiat  :  "The  primary  element  of  ex- 
change, is  the  notion  of  value  ;  so  that  every 
truth,  and  every  error  which  this  word  intro- 
duces into  men's  minds,  is  a  social  truth  or 
error;"  and  "  value  is  to  political  economy, 
what  numeration  is  to  arithemetic, "  and 
"economical  science  is  condensed,  and  summed 
up  in  the  word  value,  of  which  it  is  only  a 
lengthened  explanation. " 

In  one  masterly  survey  of  the  whole  subject, 
this  gifted  philosopher  swept  away  all  the 
vague  and  many  of  the  erroneous  notions  of 
value  that  had  preceded  him.  He  held  that 
value  was  not  an  attribute,  but  a  relation  of 
things  ;  that  it  implied  "  comparison,  apprecia- 
tion, estimation,  measure;"  or,  as  he  otherwise 
explained  it,  "value  is  the  relation  of  two 
services  exchanged." 

This  view  was  a  great  step  in  the  right  direc- 
tion. It  was  something  to  know  that  value  was 
a  relation,  and  not  a  thing,  nor  a  mysterious 
issue  of  the  attributes  of  things  ;  it  would  have 
been  more  satisfactory  had  Bastiat  informed  us 
precisely  what  that  relation  was,  but  he  died 
before  his  treatise  on  value  was  completed ;  and, 
judging  from  its  appearance,  probably,  without 
revising  the  portion  he  had  written.  If  an 
effort  be  now  made  to  complete  this  work,  it  is 
hoped  it  will  be  viewed  with  the  indulgence 
due  to  the  earnest  enquirer  into  any  difficult 
subject. 

In  the  first  place  it  must  be  said  that  Bastiat's 
definition  is  hardly  broad  enough.  Why  should 
value  be  held  to  exist  only  between  two  services 
exchanged  ;  why  not  between  all  services,  and 
commodities  exchangeable  ?  The  edifice  which 
now  shelters  us,  is  not  exchanged,  nor  being 
exchanged,  yet  it  has  a  value  ;  and  that  value 
is  determined  not  by  comparing  it  merely  with 
the  thing  that  maybe  offered  in  exchange  for  it, 
but,  through  the  medium  of  money,  by  compari- 
son with  all  other  things  which  arc  exchange- 
able. 

Value  therefore  exists  not  merely  between 
two  commodities,  or  services,  but  between  all 
of  such;  and  it  exists  not  merely  between 
things  which  are  exchanged,  but  between  all 
things  which  are  exchangeable.  The  notion, 
common  to  other  economists  besides  Bastiat, 
that  money  measures  the  value  only  of  those 
things  which  are  in  market,  up  for  sale,  or 
being  exchanged,  is  doubtless  derived  from  the 
disparity  between  the  magnitude  of  all  commo- 
dities and  available  services,  and  the  littleness 
of  the  measure — the  mass  of  money — which 
forms  their  nominal  equivalent.  It  would  be 
equally  absurd  to  hold,  that  gallons  measure 

*Bastiat,  "Harmonies  of  Political  Economy,"  p.  109. 


only  wines  which  are  being  exchanged.  The 
mass  of  money  is  of  its  present  magnitude 
simply  because  it  was  so  chosen  to  be,  or  so 
left  to  become;  it  can  be  made  larger  or  smaller 
at  man's  pleasure,  whenever  he  chooses  to  ex- 
ercise the  same  dominion  over  it,  that  he  has 
chosen  to  exercise  over  weights  and  measures; 
that  is,  whenever  he  chooses  to  define,  and 
limit  by  law,  the  unit  of  measure,  which,  in  the 
case  of  money,  is  the  whole  mass.  Should  this 
limitation  increase  or  diminish  the  magnitude 
of  the  existing  mass  of  money,  this  will  not 
alter  value,  but  only  the  expression  of  it  in 
money,  to  wit,  price.  So,  too,  the  gallon 
measure  is  of  its  present  size,  because  it  was  so 
chosen  to  be;  it  would  answer  the  same  purpose, 
and  prove  equally  efficient;  no  matter  what  its 
size  was;  only,  in  case  of  change,  the  expres- 
sion  of  total  gallons  would  be  different.  The  : 
quantitative  and  qualitative  relations  between 
all  other  things  would  remain  precisely  the 
same  as  before.  But  whatever  the  origin  of 
the  belief,  it  is  evidently  erroneous.  The  fact 
is,  that  nothing  is  being  exchanged.  It  never  : 
can  be  said  to  be  12  o'clock,  for  time  passes 
eternally;  and,  whilst  we  speak,  nay,  whilst  we  * 
observe  the  clock,  time  has  gone  on,  and 
escaped  fixture.  The  act  of  exchange,  indeed 
all  actions,  are  equally  unfixable,  and  if  value 
pertained  to  objects  only  during  the  act  of  ex- 
change, it  would  practically  not  pertain  to 
them  at  all. 

[But  without  attempting  to  follow  the  speaker 
through  his  argument,  we  give  his  conclusion. 
— Editors  Press.] 

Having  thus  determined  what  value  is — 
namely,  number,  or  the  combined  quantitative 
and  qualitative  relation  between  commodities 
and  services — having  at  least  attached  to  it  a  , 
definite  and  precise  meaning — it  is  now  in  order 
to  turn  to  the  evolution  of  the  word.  The  I 
course  of  this  evolution  has  been  already  ad- 
verted to  ;  but  it  has  not  been  traced  so  fully 
as  might  be  desired.  What  value  represented 
to  the  archaic  mind,  we  have  no  means  of  ascer- 
taining. To  the  polished  Greeks  of  Aristotle's 
time,  we  know,  from  his  use  of  it,  that  it  meant 
something  akin  to  what  we  have  defined  ;  and 
so,  also,  it  evidently  meant  to  the  Romans  of 
the  Commonwealth  ;  for  this  is  indicated  by  the 
root  of  the  word  valeo,  or  power,  the  power  of 
numbers,  for  example.  But  from  this  time  for- 
ward, it  gradually  came  to  have  a  more  material 
meaning  attached  to  it ;  until,  in  the  obscurity 
of  the  Dark  Ages,  it  came,  at  last,  to  mean  a 
thing ;  and  money,  to  represent  it,  was  not 
money,  unless  it  was  also  a  thing;  in  other  words 
composed  of  some  commodity,  as  slaves,  cattle, 
corn,  gold  or  silver;  and  valuable  only  in  propor- 
tion to  the  quantity  of  such  commodity,  as  gold  or 
siver,  it  contained.  With  the  revival  of  learn- 
ing, and  the  study  of  political  economy,  the 
grossness  of  this  opinion  rendered  it  no  longer 
tenable  ;  and  yet,  such  was  the  difficulty  of 
rising  to  the  refined  view  of  the  ancients,  that 
though  it  was  evident  that  value  was  not  a 
material  thing,  no  one  ventured  to  state  just 
what  it  was.  Its  description  was  therefore 
attempted  by  circumlocution.  It  was  shown 
that  it  originated  in  this  or  that  way,  or  that  it 
appeared  or  disappeared  under  this  or  that  set 
of  circumstances  ;  but  what  it  was,  no  one  at- 
tempted  to  assert  before  Bastiat.  With  the  i 
correct  assertion  of  its  nature,  namely,  that  of 
a  relation  between  commodities  and  services, 
that  philosopher  stopped  short.  Precisely  what 
that  relation  was,  continued  to  remain  the 
enigma  of  political  economy  ;  and  it  remains  so 
to  this  day,  unless  the  explanation  herein 
attempted  shall  have  the  good  fortune  to  gain 
general  assent. 

The  evolution  of  this  word  has  therefore  kept 
pace  with  the  evolution  of  European  society. 
We — as  Europeans — have  but  recently  emerged 
from  the  Feudal  Ages.  The  revolution  in 
France,  occurred  less  than  a  century  ago  ;  and 
feudal  tenures  and  feudal  survivals,  together 
with  feudal  institutions  and  feudal  forms  of 
speech,  are  still  closely  interwoven  in  the  tex- 
ture of  our  practical  life  and  vernacular  tongues. 
Although  seme  of  us — we  Americans,  for 
example — have  enjoyed  the  priceless  boon  of 
political  liberty  for  several  generations,  we  have 
scarcely  yet  had  time  to  learn  its  deep  signifi- 
cance— for  what  are  a  few  generations  of  time 
in  the  life  of  a  race  ? — and  still  less  have  we  been 
able  to  throw  off  those  invisible  bonds,  which 
shackle  our  social  life,  in  the  form  of  words  that 
were  cast  or  altered  in  the  mold  of  mediaeval 
ignorance  and  mediaeval  oppression. 

Effect  of  the  Imagination. — Sir  Humphrey 
Davy,  in  his  young  days,  assisted  Dr.  Beddoes, 
who  at  that  time  was  bent  on  curing  all  diseases 
by  the  inhalation  of  gases.  It  so  happened  that 
Davy  was  accustomed,  before  applying  the  in- 
haler, to  ascertain  the  temperature  by  placing  a 
thermometer  under  the  tongue.  While  thus 
employed  on  a  countryman,  who  fancied  this 
was  the  wonderful  process  he  had  heard  of,  the 
man  exclaimed  that  he  already  felt  better.  Davy 
took  the  hint,  left  the  thermometer  in  its  place 
some  time,  and  reapplied  it  every  morning. 
His  patient  improved  in  health,  and  ultimately 
got  quite  well,  without  any  other  treatment. 

Uniformity  in  Wire  Gauge. — At  a  meeting 
of  the  Glasgow  Chamber  of  Commerce,  held  re- 
cently,  a  report  was  submitted  with  reference 
to  the  desirability  of  establishing  a  uniform  wire 
gauge.  In  the  report  it  was  suggested  that  the 
Chamber  should  concur  with  the  Birmingham 
Chamber,  in  asking  Parliament  to  supplement 
the  Weights  and  Measure  Act,  1878,  by  a  clause 
instituting  a  legal  standard  to  be  recognized  as 
a  wire  gauge. 


February  I,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


71 


The  Cone-bearers,  or  Evergreen  Trees  of 
California.— No.  2. 

[Written  for  the  Ri-ral  Pkksb  by  J.  0.  Lemmok.] 

Classification 

One  of  the  earliest  and  most  elaborate  authors 
to  treat  of  conifers  was  Loudon,  who  (1st  Edi- 
tion in  1838)  published  hia  renowned  "Arbor- 
etum." In  it  he  describes  all  the  genera  and 
species  known  at  the  time,  and  distributes 
them  as  follows:  North  America,  40  species; 
Asia,  li»;  Europe,  14;  Africa,  2;  South  America, 
2;  Australia,  2;  Europe  and  Africa,  1;  total, 
80  species.  It  will  be  noticed  that  40  species, 
one-half  of  the  whole  number,  was  ascribed  to 
North  America.  Of  these,  1 8  species  wero 
found  in  the  United  States. 

Later,  in  ix't'.i,  Lindley's  great  work  appear- 
ed, in  which  the  number  of  species  described 
was  more  than  doubled,  so  actively  had  the 
work  of  exploration  and  scientific  description 
been  carried  on  during  the  preceding  decade. 
These  species  were  found  to  be  distributed  in 
about  the  same  ratio— one-half  of  them  being  in 
North  America. 

Oue  of  the  latest  and  most  voluminous  enum- 
erations of  the  conifer  family  is  by  George 
Gordon,  of  England,  in  his  splendid  work, 
"The  Pinetum."  In  it  he  describes  52  genera 
and  4(i0  species. 

But  all  these  authors  have  followed  precedent 
too  much,  and  been  limited  in  their  researches 
by  want  of  instruments  and  other  helps,  par- 
ticularly good  and  abundant  specimens,  they 
being  so  difficult  to  prepare  and  so  unwieldly  to 
transport.  Within  a  few  years  the  discovery 
and  application  of  the  microscope  has  rendered 
necessary  a  thorough  revisal  and  rearrangement 
of  most  of  our  sciences,  especially  those  relat- 
ing to  natural  history. 

Scientists,  aided  by  these  helps,  are  arising 
here  and  there  witli  special  ability  to  grapple 
with  most  abstruse  and  formidable  subjects.  In 
the  realm  of  botany  alone,  no  one  mind,  either 
in  Europe  or  America,  is  equally  familiar  with 
all  its  fields.  The  strongest  minds  are  content 
with  the  mastery  of  a  small  class,  a  genus,  or 
even  a  single  species  of  plants.  Compilers  unite 
the  work  of  these  masters,  and  thus  give  to  the 
world  what  would  be  a  superhuman  effort  if 
contemplated  by  any  one  mind.  And  thus 
each  of  these  specialists  becomes  an  authority 
in  the  field  of  his  exhaustive  research,  to  whom 
all  others  must  defer.  To  become  such  an 
authority  it  is  only  necessary  to  excel  all  prece- 
dent. 

Authorities. 

A  few  of  these  "authorities"  may  be  men- 
tioned: Sir  Joseph  D.  Hooker,  of  England, 
foreBt  trees;  Dr.  George  Engelmann,  of  St. 
Louis,  American  forest  trees;  Prof.  Asa  Gray, 
of  Cambridge,  gamopetake,  and  especially  of  the 
immense  order  of  composite;  Prof.  Daniel  C. 
Eaton,  of  New  Haven,  lilies  and  ferns;  Prof. 
W.  G.  Farlow,  of  New  Haven,  fungi  and  sea- 
weeds (algte);  Prof.  George  Vasey,  of  Washing- 
ton, grasses;  Prof.  H.  N.  Bolander,  of  San 
Francisco,  cryptogams  and  grasses  of  California; 
Mr.  Anderssen,  of  Copenhagen,  Eastern  wil- 
lows; Mr.  M.  S.  Bebb,  of  Hlinois,  Western 
willows;  Dr.  H.  W.  Harkness,  of  Sacramento, 
fungi  of  California;  Dr.  C.  L.  Anderson,  of 
Santa  Cruz,  sea-weeds  of  California;  Leo  Les- 
quereax,  of  Columbus,  Ohio,  mosses;  Prof. 
•Sereno  Watson,  of  Cambridge,  apelalce;  Prof. 
William  H.  Brewer,  of  New  Haven,  polypetalat. 

Orders  of  the  Gymnospermse. 
Authorities  differ  widely  in  the  limits  pre- 
scribed for  the  coniferce,  and  as  the  rest  of  the 
gymnosperms  are  but  few,  it  will  be  best  to 
present  the  whole  great  class  of  gymnospermoi, 
or  naked-seeded  plants,  comprising  four  orders: 

1.  Pinacece. — Containing  the  three  large  tribes 
of  abiethiece,  cu/wessete  and  jimiperece. 

2.  Taxacew — The  yew  family,  mostly  found 
in  the  Eastern  hemisphere;  two  species  in  Cali- 
fornia. 

3.  Gnetacece — The  joint-stem  family,  mostly 
Asiatic;  two  species  in  California. 

4.  Cycadacew — Palm-pine;  tropical;  propa- 
gated in  greenhouse;  none  indigenous. 

Order  1.  Pinacece  (true  conifers)  Tribe  1, 
Abietinece.  Pine  ^family.  Fruit,  a  cone  or  stro- 
bile of  numerous  carpellary  scales  from  the  axil 
of  a  bract,  arranged  spirally  around  a  more  or 
less  elongated  axis.  Contains  four  large  genera. 
1st  genus — Pinus  (from  "pin,"  a  point).  Cone- 
scale  on  an  elongated  axis,  leaves  acerose,  per- 
sistent, in  fascicles,  (single  in  one  species), 
sheathed  at  base,  each,  fascicle  composed  of  2,  3 
or  5  leaves. 

Species  or  Pine. 

The  entire  number  of  species  of  pine  through- 
out the  globe  is  92;  in  United  States,  18;  in 
California,  15;  mostly  discovered  and  namecVby 
the  English  explorer,  David  Douglas. 

Species  conveniently  arranged  by  their  leaves 
into  three  divisions.     Species   in  each   division 
distinguished  by  their  cones,  barks,  etc. 
Division  A,    Monse— 1-Leaved,  Double. 

1.  Pinus  monophylla,  Torr.  "Nut  pine,"  of 
Nevada  and  eastern  California  foothills.  Cone 
small,  2  to  3  inches  thick,  globular;  esteemed 
for  food  by  Indians.  Timber  very  resinous. 
All  parts  of  the  tree  strong-scented. 

Division  B.    Binee— 2-Leaved,  Short. 

2.  Pinus  contorta,  Doug.    Improperly  called 


"California  tamarack;"  high  valleys;  bark  very 
thin;  cone  very  small,  2  to  3  inches  long. 

2.  (a)  Pinus  contorta,  var.  liiAnndvri,  "Bo- 
lander's  pine;  coast;  cuue  smaller;  thick,  scaled, 
2  inchea  long. 

3.  Pinus  muricatat  Don.  "Bishop's  pine;" 
coast ;  cone  medium,  very  spiny,  three  inches 
long. 

Division  C    Ternatte -3- Leaved  Long. 

4.  Pinus  pontlerom,  Doug.  "  Yellow  pino  ;" 
common;  bark,  yellowish  ;  cone,  medium  ;  four 
to  six  inchea  long. 

4  (a).  Pinus  ponderosa,  rar,  Jtsffreyi\  "pitch 
pine;"  high  slopes;  cones  large,  G  to  8  inchea 
long. 
4  (b).  Pinus  pondcrosa,  var.  Btntliamiana, 
Black  pine;"  near  water  ;  bark  black;  cone 
large,  ti  to  S  indies  ■  long.  These  varieties  run 
into  each  other  imperceptibly,  on  the  Sierra. 

5.  Pinus  insignia,  Doug.  "Monterey  pine;"' 
coast  and  cultivated  ;  cones  medium,  '.\l  to  4 
inches;  close  ami  hard;  close-scaled,  gibbous, 

6.  Pinus  tubereulata,  Don.  "Knob-cone;" 
foothills;  cones  medium,  3  to  5  inches  long; 
hard,  close-scaled,  gibbous,  narrow. 

7.  Pinus  Sabiniana,  Doug.  "Big  cone"  or 
"gray-leaf;"  foothills;  cones  very  large  and 
heavy,  8  to  10  inches  long  •  spines  large  and  re- 
curved. 

8.  Pinus  Coulteri,  Doug.  "Spur  cone  "; 
southern  coast;  cones  very  large,  7  to  10  inches 
long;  spines,  curved  upward. 

9.  Pinus  Torreyana,  Parry.  "Torrey's  pine" 
(rare).  Southern  coast;  cones  medium,  close, 
spurless,  3  to  5  inches  long. 

Division  D.    Quinse.-5-leaved,  Short. 

10.  Pinna  Lambertiana,  Doug.  "Sugar  pine." 
Common;  cones  very  large,  15  to  24  inches  long, 
and  soft-scaled. 

11.  Pinus monticolay  Doug.  "Mountain  pine," 
or  "white  pine."  High  slopes;  coiicb  similar, 
but  much  smaller,  5  to  7  inches. 

12.  Pinus  albicaulis,  Engel.  "White-stem" 
(rare).  High  peaks;  cones  small,  2  to  2£  inches 
long;  globular,  few  seeded. 

13.  Pinus  jlexilis,  James.  "Bull  pine"  of 
Nevada.  Cones  medium,  conical,  3  to  4  inches 
long. 

14.  Pinus  aristata,  Eugel.  "Bristle  cone." 
Peaks;  cones  very  small;  spiny.  Rare  in  Cal- 
ifornia. 

15.  Pinus  Balfouriana,  Jef.  "Balfour's  pine" 
(rare).      Shasta;  cones  medium;  (little  known). 

[To  be  Continued.] 


UsEflJL 


"IOM. 


Arsenic  in  Coal. 

Dr.  Stevenson  Macadam  read  a  very  interest- 
ing paper  before  the  Edinburg  Pharmaceutical 
Society,  "On  the  Presence  of  Arsenic  in  Soot," 
in  the  course  of  which  the  Doctor  remarked 
that  the  coal  consumed  for  household  and  gen- 
eral purposes  invariably  contained  more  or  less 
sulphur  in  the  form  of  iron  pyrites,  and  that 
occasionally  the  quantity  was  so  large  as  to  be 
capable  of  detachment  from  the  coal  before  the 
latter  was  sent  into  the  market.  The  pyrites 
so  obtained  was  commonly  called  "coal  brasses." 
Dr.  Macadam  had  recently  had  occasion  to  make 
some  investigations  as  to  the  possible  presence 
of  arsenic  in  the  atmosphere  of  towns,  and  it 
occurred  to  him  that  if  the  arsenic  in  the  pyrites 
of  the  coal  was  volatilized  with  the  sulphur, 
that  probably  evidence  of  such  disengagement 
of  arsenical  vapor  in  coal  smoke  might  be  ob- 
tained by  the  analysis  of  soot.  Accordingly, 
he  procured  a  number  of  samples  of  soot,  col- 
lected from  different  chimneys,  and  had  no  dif- 
ficulty in  determining  the  presence  of  arsenic 
in  every  sample.  He  mentioned  that  trials 
made  on  samples  of  soot  taken  at  different 
hights  in  the  same  chimney  proved  that  the 
arsenic  was  present  in  larger  quantity  in  the 
soot  collected  near  the  fireplace  than  in  those 
taken  from  the  top  of  the  chimney.  From  his 
results  it  was  demonstrated  that  arsenic  was 
evolved  during  the  combustion  of  ordinary  coal, 
and  a  part  of  it  was  condensed  in  the  chimney 
along  with  the  carbon  and  sulphur  of  the  soot ; 
but  as  a  great  part  of  ordinary  coal  smoke 
passes  into  the  air  there  could  be  no  doubt  that 
a  portion  of  the  arsenic  accompanied  the  smoke 
into  the  atmosphere.  The  more  inferior  a  coal 
then,  as  a  rule,  the  more  pyrites  it  contained, 
and  probably  also  the  more  arsenic.  He  must, 
therefore,  reckon  that  every  coal  fire  was  a  pro- 
ducer of  arsenical  vapor  to  a  limited  extent ; 
but,  notwithstanding  the  enormous  quantity  of 
coal  consumed  in  towns,  he  was  not  prepared  to 
say  that  the  arsenical  contamination  of  the 
atmosphere  from  that  source  was  of  any  prac- 
tical moment  in  a  sanitary  point  of  view. 

Intense  cold  and  pressure  develops  paraf- 
fine  in  crude  petroleum,  and  thus  we  find  that 
the  pipe  lines  of  the  oil  region  have  become  so 
clogged  with  paraffine  since  the  advent  of  the 
recent  arctic  wave,  that  they  cannot  transport 
oil  in  sufficient  quantity  to  keep  pace  with  the 
production.  It  is  claimed  that  in  the  northern 
oil  field  alone  from  5,000  to  8,000  barrels  of  oil 
are  going  to  waste  daily  from  this  cause.  In 
some  cases  the  freezing  is  not  so  great  as  in 
others.  This  is  owing  to  the  oil  being  pumped 
through  pipes  sunk  in  the  ground.  The  drill- 
ing and  pumping  wells  have  also,  in  many  cases, 
been  brought  to  a  stand-still;  partly  because  the 
streams  which  feed  the  boilers  are  frozen  dry, 
and  partly  because  the  men  cannot  stand  or 
work  in  the  derricks  with  the  temperature  at  or 
below  zero. 


Curious  Facts  About  Iron.— Colonel  Cazen, 
in  a  recent  article  on  the  subject,  says:  During 
his  sojourn  in  the  arm  manufactories  of  St. 
Etaenne  and  Tulle,  at  the  central  depot  of  ar- 
tillery, and  at  the  manufactory  of  Chatellerault, 
he  was  able  to  make  important  researches  on 
iron.  The  fracture  of  iron  may  be  nervous, 
grains  more  or  leas  tine,  or  in  facets  sometimes 
having  a  surface  of  several  square  millimeters; 
often  it  presents  a  mixture  of  these  three  fea 
tures.  Thus  it  is  impossible  to  judge  of  the 
quality  of  an  iron  before  breaking  it;  audit  is 
on  this  account  that  in  arm  manufactories  they 
break  a  certain  number  of  bars  with  which  they 
make  a  certain  number  of  pieces  for  which  they 
are  intended,  and  which  are  afterwards  broken 
to  ascertain  their  resistance — that  is,  the  good- 
ness of  the  iron,  which,  moreover,  is  still  rend- 
ered brittle  in  presence  of  phosphorus,  arsenic, 
or  sulphur.  The  best  irons  are  the  nervous, 
then  thuBe  of  fine  grain  and  with  facets.  On 
railways  it  has  been  proved  that  rails  placed  in 
the  direction  of  the  magnetic  meridian  are 
affected  quite  differently  from  rails  placed  at 
right  angles  to  this  direction;  the  former  oxidize 
and  do  not  become  brittle.  In  intermediate 
directions  the  rails  participate  more  or  less  in 
the  qualities  of  those  which  are  placed  in  the 
two  extreme  directions.  What  becomes  of  the 
iron  which  is  now  so  plentifully  used  in  the 
construction  of  buildings — girders  among  others? 

Pig-Lead  from  Smoke. — The  following  ex- 
planation is  given  as  to  how  pig-lead  may  be 
produced  from  smoke:  In  the  process  of  smelting 
the  ore  a  great  deal  of  it  escapes  in  the  form  of 
lead  fumes,  and  the  White  Lead  Company  was 
organized  for  the  purpose  of  catching  this 
smoke,  and,  by  passing  it  through  an  almost 
endless  lino  of  pipes  of  sheet-iron  and  woolen 
bags,  condense  it.  The  result  was  that  after  an 
outlay  of  many  thousand  dollars  and  a  year's 
experimenting,  they  have  succeeded  in  con- 
densing the  smoke  or  lead  fumes,  into  metallic 
lead,  the  same  as  steam  is  coverted  into  water. 
The  product  of  the  fumes  is  a  bluish,  impalpable 
powder,  which  makes  a  splendid  blue  paint, 
pronounced  equal  to  the  corroded  article.  For 
the  purpose  of  making  it  white  several  furnaces 
were  built,  and  the  blue  product,  with  the  aid 
of  an  intense  heat,  is  again  changed  into  lead 
fumes,  which  are  again  condensed,  and  come 
out  pure  white  lead.  In  the  transforming  of 
the  blue  lead  into  fumes,  the  object  is  to  sub- 
limize  it  all,  but  the  heat  is  not  powerful  enough 
to  do  so. 

How  to  Utilize  Old  Fruit  Cans. — Perhaps 
one  of  the  most  appropriate  uses  of  an  old  fruit 
can  that  can  be  devised  is  to  make  it  contribute 
to  the  growth  of  new  fruit  to  fill  new  cans. 
This  is  done  in  the  following  manner  :  The  can 
is  pierced  with  one  or  more  pin  holes,  and  then 
sunk  in  the  earth  near  the  roots  of  the  straw- 
berry or  tomato  or  other  plants.  The  pin  holes 
are  to  be  of  such  size  that  when  the  can  is  filled 
with  water  the  fluid  can  only  escape  into  the 
ground  very  slowly.  Thus  a  quart  can,  proper- 
ly arranged,  will  extend  its  irrigation  to  the 
plant  through  a  period  of  several  days  ;  the  can 
is  then  refilled.  Practical  trials  of  this  method 
of  irrigation  leave  no  doubt  of  its  success.  Plants 
thus  watered  flourish  and  yield  the  most 
bounteous  returns  throughout  the  longest 
drouths.  In  all  warm  localities,  where  water 
is  scarce,  the  planting  of  old  fruit  cans,  as  here 
indicated,  will  be  found  profitable  as  a  regular 
gardening  operation. 

Decoration  of  Zinc. — A  chemical  process 
for  covering  zinc  with  colored  coatings  has 
lately  been  described  by  Dr.  L.  Stille.  The 
articles  of  zinc  are  first  brightened  by  scouring 
with  quartz  sand,  moistened  with  dilute  muri- 
atic acid,  putting  them  quickly  in  water  and 
then  carefully  wiping  them  dry  with  white 
blotting  paper.  To  ensure  success,  however, 
it  is  necessary  to  employ  zinc  as  free  as  possible 
from  lead,  and  to  have  it  as  bright  as  a  mirror. 
When  these  conditions  are  fulfilled  the  metal 
may  be  coated  with  a  variety  of  beautiful  colors 
by  immersion  in  a  solution  of  alkaline  tartrate 
of  copper  for  a  shorter  or  longer  interval  of 
time,  depending  on  the  color  that  is  desired, 


Qood  He^Ljll. 


Snails  for  Medicine  and  as  Pood. 

While  snails  are  no  longer  an  article  of  ma- 
teria medica,  says  the  Phar.  Jour.,  they  are  occa- 
sionally used  in  England,  boiled  in  milk,  as  a 
popular  remedy  in  diseases  of  the  chest,  simply, 
perhaps,  for  the  reason  that  their  mucilaginous 
properties  are  looked  upon  as  likely  to  prove 
beneficial,  But  although  snail  soup  is  usually 
suggestive  of  the  ludicrous  to  the  English  mind, 
M.  Baron  Barthelemy  maintains  that  snails  are 
capable  of  rendering  valuable  service  in  most 
chest  complaints,  bronchitis,  asthma,  etc.,  be- 
cause, in  his  words,  they  contain  "animalized 
sulphur,  a  little  phosphate  of  lime,  and  espe- 
cially carbonate,  animalized,  in  solution,  and  in 
a  nascent  state  in  their  mucilage." 

M.  Barthelemy  made  a  specialty  of  snail  prep- 
arations in  his  exhibit  at  the  recent  Paris  exhi- 
bition. He  displayed  "snail  syrup,"  "snail  bon- 
bons," and  "helicine,"  as  mucilage  and  powder. 
For  these  the  edible  snail  (Helix  pomatia)  is 
used,  and  collected  in  the  vineyards  in  the 
south  of  France  (preferably  in  the  months  of 
August  and  September),  and  carefully  pre- 
served and  fed  during  the  winter. 

He  lays  great  stress  on  this  feeding,   and  at- 


tributes the  reason  that  these  snails  are  not 
more  generally  used  as  an  article  of  diet  to  the 
fact  that  their  tlavor  is  only  properly  developed 
where  they  obtain  suitable  food,  as,  for  instance, 
in  the  vineyards  of  the  south  of  France  and 
Italy.  However  this  may  be,  and  whatever 
may  be  thought  of  the  chemistry  of  the  subject, 
it  is  certainly  the  fact  that  when  this  very  mol- 
lusk  was  a  titbit  of  the  Reman  epicure,  it  was, 
before  being  cooked,  fattened  in  the  cochlearia 
by  means  of  a  paste  composed  of  meal  and 
wine. 


Action  of  Iron,  Cod-Liver  Oil,  and  Arse- 
nic in  the  Blood. 

Drs.  E.  S.  Cutter  and  E.  H.  Bradford,  of 
Boston,  in  an  article  in  the  American  Journal 
of  Medical  Sciences,  state  that  they  have  ar- 
rived at  the  following  conclusions  as  to  the 
effect  upon  the  blood  produced  by  administra- 
tion of  these  drugs,  both  in  health  and  disease: 

1.  In  health,  iron  causes  no  increase  in  the 
number  of  the  red  corpuscles^  but  in  the  patho- 
logical state  called  amentia  there  is  an  increase 
in  the  number  of  the  red  corpuscles  under  its 
use. 

2.  In  the  healthy  subject,  cod-liver  oil  causes 
an  increase  in  the  number  of  the  red  corpuscles, 
and  a  slight  increase  in  the  white.  In  certain 
pathological  conditions  this  seems  to  be  also  tho 
case  if  the  medicine  is  well  borne.  If,  however, 
the  morbid  process  is  active  and  the  appetite  is 
disturbed,  the  medicine  does  not  appear  to 
check  the  consequent  amemla. 

3.  Liquor  potassa;  arsenitis  given  in  health 
caused  a  progressive  decrease  in  the  number  of 
the  red  and  the  white  corpuscles,  that  of  the 
latter  being  most  marked.  In  severe  antemia, 
on  the  contrary,  there  seems  to  be  an  increase 
at  first  of  both  red  and  white  corpuscles.  After 
a  certain  point  there  is  a  steady  diminution  of 
both,  however.  In  the  case  of  leucocyth&mia 
there  was  a  decrease  in  both  red  and  white  cor- 
puscles, the  decrease  of  the  latter  being  very 
marked. 


Edison's  Cure  for  Neuralgia. 

For  the  benefit  of  sufferers  from  neuralgia, 
we  give  Edison's  recipe  for  his  polyform,  which 
is  said  to  be  remarkably  successful  in  curing  or 
deadening  the  pain  of  that  terrible  disease.  It 
must  be  remembered  that  it  is  for  outward 
application  only  :  Chloroform,  two  ounces; 
chloral  hydrate,  two  ounces;  alcohol,  one  and  a 
half  ounces;  camphor,  one  ounce;  sulphuric 
ether,  one  ounce;  sulphate  morphine,  six  grains; 
oil  peppermint,  two  drams.  Shake  thoroughly. 
It  can  be  put  up  at  any  drug  store. 

The  Drug  Reporter,  from  which  we  clip  the 
above,  adds  the  following: 

For  Sciatic  Rheumatism. — Iodide  of  potas- 
sium, two  drams;  cinnamon  water,  four  ounces. 
Mix.  Take  one  teaspoonful  three  times  a  day, 
before  eating.  It  is  also  excellent  for  dyspepsia. 

Cough  Drops. — For  an  obstinate  cough  take 
syrup  tolu,  one  ounce;  paregoric,  one  ounce; 
mucilage  gum  arabic,  one  ounce;  tincture  tolu, 
two  drams.  Mix.  For  an  adult,  one  teaspoon- 
ful two  or  three  times  a  day.  Hali  that  quan- 
tity for  a  child. 

These  recipes  are  endorsed  by  the  highest 
medical  authority,  and  both  are  said,  by  the 
Drug  Reporter,  to  have  brought  about  some  re- 
markable cures  in  a  very  brief  space  of  time. 

Tin-Lined  Stomachs. — "Yes,"  said  a  well- 
known  chemist  to  a  World  reporter  last  even- 
ing, "people  will  have  tin-lined  stomachs  before 
long."  The  chemist  went  to  a  closet  and  took 
therefrom  several  small  bottles  which  he  held  up 
before  a  strong  light.  He  exhibited  several 
sheets  of  tin  which  had  been  extracted  from 
sugar  purchased  from  extensive  dealers  in  sugar 
in  this  city.  "This,"  said  the  chemist,  "is  what 
they  use  in  the  adulteration  of  sugar,  and  I  am 
informed  that  some  of  the  dealers  buy  it  by  the 
ton.  This  tin  has  been  cut  with  muriatic  acid, 
and  was  used  in  sugars  and  syrups.  I  have  here 
(exhibiting  some  other  smaU  bottles)  samples  of 
glucose.  From  25%  to  30%  is  used  in  sugar  and 
65%  in  syrups.  Poor  starch  and  flour  are  also 
used  by  some  of  these  wealthy  sugar  dealers, 
and  I  am  informed  that  such  adulterated  sugars 
produce  skin  disease.  Here  is  a  bottle  (exhibit- 
ing a  reddish  brown  powder)  that  I  caunot  do- 
scribe.  I  don't  know  what  it  is,  but  intend  to 
find  out.  It  was  taken  for  sugar."  The  chemist 
is  yet  at  work,  and  in  a  short  time  expects  to 
make  his  report  public.  — New  York  World. 

Toad  Poisoning.  —  The  following  singular 
account  of  the  action  of  toad  poisoning  on 
the  human  body,  is  reported  in  the  last  number 
of  the  London  Chemist:  A  child  of  six  years 
old  followed  a  large  toad  on  a  hot  summer's 
day,  throwing  stones  at  it.  Suddenly  he  felt 
that  the  animal  had  spurted  some  moisture  into 
his  eye.  .  There  suddenly  set  in  a  slight  pain 
and  spasmodic  twitching  of  the  slightly  injected 
eye,  but  two  hours  after  coma,  jumping  sight, 
desire  to  bite,  a  dread  of  food  and  drink,  con- 
stipation, abundant  urine,  great  agitation  man- 
ifested themselves,  followed  on  the  sixth  day 
by  sickness,  apathy,  and  a  kind  of  stupor,  but 
with  a  regular  pulse.  Some  days  later,  having 
become  comparatively  quiet,  the  boy  left  his 
bed;  his  eyes  are  injected,  the  skin  dry,  the 
pulse  free  from  fever.  He  howls  and  behaves 
himself  like  a  madman,  sinks  into  imbecility 
and  speechlessness,  from  which  condition  he 
never  rallies. 


72 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[February  i,  1879. 


imirHGiiiEE 


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SAN    FRANCISCO: 
Saturday   Morning,    Feb.  1,  1879. 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


GENERAL  EDITORIALS-— Niles'  Steam  Engine  ; 
The  Signal  Service  ;  Mining  Accidents  and  the  Lessons 
they  Teach,  65.  The  Week  ;  United  States  Geological 
Survey  ;  Smelting  as  a  Business  ;  The  Geological  Sec- 
tion ;  The  Mechanics'  Fair,  73. 

ILLUSTRATIONS. —The  Niles'  Steam  Engine— 
Eight-Horse  Power,  65-  The  Rust  Artesian  Well- 
Boring:  Machinery,  73. 

CORRESPONDENCE.— Invest;gate  and  Stop  the 
Loss;  Traction  Engines  fur  Plowing,  66. 

MINING  SUMMARY  from  the  various  counties  of 
California,  Nevada  and  Arizona,  69-76. 

MECHANICAL  PROGRESS.— Recent  Improve- 
ments in  Plows;  Joining  Lead  Pipe  Without  Fire;  The 
Wheeler  Process  for  Welding  Iron  and  Steel;  Phosphorus 
in  Railroad  Iron,  67, 

SCIENTIFIC  PROGRESS— Are  the  Elements 
Compound  Bodies?  The  Heating  Power  ol  Hydrogen; 
Proposed  Material  for  Standard  Weights;  To  Indicate 
Dangerous  Accumulations  of  Fire  Damp,  67- 

MINING  STOCK  MARKET.— Sales  at  the  San 
Francisco,  California  and  Pacific  Stock  Boards,  Notices 
of  Assessments,  Meetings  and  Dividends,  68. 

USEFUL  INFORMATION— Arsenic  in  Coal;  Cu- 
rious Facts  About  Iron;  Pig-Lead  from  Smoke;  How  to 
Utilize  old  Fruit  Cans,  71. 

GOOD  HEALTH.— Snails  for  Medicine  and  a3  Fuod; 
Action  of  Iron,  Cod-Liver  Oil  and  Arsenic  in  the  Blood; 
Edison's  Cure  for  Neuralgia;  Tin-Lined  Stomachs;  Toad 
Poisoning,  71- 

MISCELLANEOUS.— Cosmic  Meteorology— No.  2; 
66-70.  The  Evolution  of  Words  and  Theory  of  Value, 
70.  The  Cone-bearers,  or  Evergreen  Trees  of  Cali- 
fornia, 71. 

NEWS  IN  BRIEF  on  page  76  and  other  pages. 

Business   Announcements. 

Mining  Pumps  and  Machinery,  A.  L.  Fish  &  Co.,   S.  F. 
Assessment  Notice — Cherokee  Flat  Blue  Gravel  Co. 
Paul's  Pulverizing  Barrel,  Almarin  B.  Paul,  S.  F. 
Seil  Engraver  and  Die  Sinker,  C.  L.  Giller,  S.  F. 
Trump  Chuck,  Trump  Bros.,  Wilmington  ,Del. 
Situation  Wanted. 


The  Week. 


The  rain,  which  commenced  at  this  point 
about  one  week  ago,  has  since  continued,  hav- 
ing come  in  such  installments  as  have  been  cal- 
culated to  effect  the  most  good.  We  have  had 
a  number  of  smart  showers  and  again  some 
drizzle  and  mist,  all  of  which  has  been  absorbed 
by  the  thirsty  earth,  completely  saturating  the 
dry  stratum  on  top  and  generally  penetrating 
some  distance  below.  This  has  made  plowing 
possible  everywhere,  and  so  replenished  the 
mountain  streams  that  the  hydraulic  miners 
have  now  water  enough  for  washing.  As  a 
consequence,  great  activity  pervades  this  branch 
of  mining,  and  the  weather  having  been  other- 
wise favorable  for  this  class  of  operations,  a 
good  deal  of  gold  dust  is  being  taken  out.  Some 
of  the  quartz  mills  dependent  upon  water  for 
their  propulsive  power,  and  which,  through  an 
insufficient  supply  had,  for  some  months  before, 
been  in  a  state  of  enforced  idleness,  have  also 
started  up  since  the  advent  of  the  rain,  and  are 
turning  out  bullion  once  more.  Things  along 
the  California  gold  belt  point  now  to  an  average 
good  year.  As  a  consequence,  the  miners  are 
in  much  better  spirits  than  they  were  but  a 
week  or  two  ago;  something  of  this  more  cheer- 
ful condition  of  things  in  the  interior  having 
already  been  reflected  upon  the  trade  and  gen- 
eral business  interests  of  the  city.  Since  our 
last  issue  the  death  of  Dr.  Linderman,  Director 
of  the  United  States  Mints,  is  announced.  This 
is  an  event  that  will  generally  be  deplored  and 
which  will  possibly  cause  the  Government  some 
inconvenience.  Dr.  Linderman,  through  his 
long  connection  with  the  mints,  having  been 
especially  well  qualified  to  fill  the  position  he 
held. 


The  United  States  Geological  and  Geo- 
graphical Surveys. 

Bulletins  2,  3  and  4  of  volume  IV  of  "Hay- 
den's  Survey"  have  come  to  hand.  The  first  of 
these  contains  a  paper  on  the  "Geographical 
Distribution  of  Mammalia,  ^'considered  in  rela- 
tion to  the  principal  ontological  regions  of  the 
earth  and  the  laws  that  govern  animal  life,"  by 
Joel  A.  Allen — which  is  of  more  than  ordinary 
interest  on  the  Pacific  slope,  in  view  of  the 
facts  that  are  being  gathered  here,  touching  the 
migrations  and  antecedents  of  our  tertiary  an- 
cestors. It  is  only  within  quite  recent  years 
that  the  richness  and  value  of  our  western  and 
northwestern  cordilleran  lake  and  river  de- 
posits, of  Cenozoic  Age,  have  begun  to  be  ap- 
preciated; and  that  the  scattered  knowledge 
that  was  extant  in  regard  to  the  origin  and  re- 
lations of  the  Indian  races,  has  at  all  been  col- 
lated. So  that  there  has  never  been  at  hand  a 
convenient  starting  point  for  a  study  of  the 
mammalian  companionship  on  which  we  are 
obliged  to  rely  for  guidance  in  what  may  be 
fairly  termed  the  geological  history  of  our  race. 
Mr.  Allen's  essay,  though  a  critical  study, 
merely  of  the  realms  of  living  mammalia,  con- 
tains all  the  observations  and  deductions  of  the 
great  naturalists,  which  are  here  harmonized,  as 
far  as  possible. 

We  have  had  the  local  studies  of  Condon, 
Cope,  Marsh,  Hayden  and  Leidy,  from  fossil 
sources,  along  with  Hector's,  of  the  great  dy- 
namical changes  whose  marks  are  recorded  in 
the  flanks  of-  the  Rocky  mountains;  and  as  the 
world  progresses,  these,  with  other  contribu- 
tions yet  to  come,  cannot  fail  to  throw  much 
light,  in  the  near  future,  upon  that  important 
and  central  field — so  far  as  the  popular  interest 
is  concerned — of  geological  investigation. 

The  same  number  of  Hayclen's  Bulletin  con- 
tains an  article  by  E.  D.  Cope,  describing  some 
of  the  "New Extinct  Vertebrata  from  the  Upper 
Tertiary  and  Dakota  Formations."  Many  of 
them  were  collected  by  Charles  H.  Sternberg, 
Cope's  assistant,  recently  in  Oregon;  others  by 
Lucas  and  Condon,  in  Oregon;  J.  C.  Isaac,  in 
Montana;  and  John  Collett,  in  Indiana.  Zoo- 
logical papers  by  Jordan,  Cones,  Thomas, 
Uhler,  Edwards,  Allen,  Scudder  and  others,  are 
plentifully  represented  in   all  of  the  Bulletins. 

No.  3  contains  an  article  on  the  "Mineralogy 
of  Nevada,"  by  Dr.  W.  J.  Hoffman,  based  on 
collections  made  while  he  was  connected  with 
Wheeler's  surveys  in  1871.  It  is  a  valuable 
additions  to  our  catalogues  of  determined  min- 
Enough  of  this 


gress,  however,  the  claims  of  the  Pacific  States 
and  Territories  to  a  general  geographical  and 
geological  exploration,  such  as  we  have  seen 
thus  systematically  begun,  and  auspiciously 
carried  forward  over  a  large  portion  of  our  new 
country,  should  never  be  lost  sight  of,  nor 
allowed  to  be  hindered  in  the  least  degree  by 
any  sinster  causes.  It  is  in  this  work — now 
leading  and  now  following  the  busy  industries 
and  populations  in  whose  interest  it  is  carried 
forward — that  the  glory  of  the  great  conquest 
that  is  in  progress,  by  our  own  generation  of 
Argonauts,  will  culminate  in  one  of  the  brightest 
pages  of  history. 


Comstock  Studies. 


erals"  and  available  localities, 
kind  of  work  has  been  done — though  it  is  all 
scattered  and  incomplete — to  justify  the  hope 
that  the  Geological  Section  of  the  California 
Academy  of  Sciences  will  shortly  collate  a  card 
catalogue  of  the  obtainable  minerals  of  the 
coast,  with  a  view  to  facilitating  private  col- 
lection, by  members,  miners  and  mining  stu- 
dents. Most  of  the  minerals  interesting  to  the 
coast  in  connection  with  ores  or  mining  could  be 
obtained  and  exchanged  at  a  moderate  cost,  and 
with  very  little  trouble. 

Bulletin  No.  4  contains  paleontological  papers 
by  Scudder  and  White;  and  an  article  "On 
Some  Striking  Products  of  Prosion"  in  Colo- 
rado, by  F.  M.  Endlich,  the  latter  describing 
the  chemical  and  mechanical  methods  in  which 
nature  is  in  the  habit  of  producing  some  of  her 
most  remarkable  scenic  results. 

These  reports,  along  with  those  of  the 
Wheeler  and  Powell  Surveys,  are  distributed 
gratis  by  the  Government,  and  are  intended  for 
the  use  not  merely  of  observers  and  collecters, 
but  of  all  those  whose  pursuits  render  it  desir- 
able or  necessary  for  them  to  be  familiar  with 
the  details  of  their  fields  of  operation.  While, 
much  of  the  matter  in  its  original  published 
form  is  necessarily  technical  and  concise,  popu- 
lar forms  and  generalizations  of  a  more  univer- 
sal interest,  of  this  material  in  prolific  crop, 
are  sure  to  follow,  and  to  reward  and  justify 
the  wisdom  of  the  Government  in  connection 
with  these  well  conducted  physiographical 
surveys. 

Hayden  has  boldly  invested  the  Rocky  moun- 
tains, where  he  is  unlocking  their  intricate  min- 
ing and  geological  phenomena,  from  their  most 
ancient  and  central  core,  through  the  various 
tilted  mineral-bearing  formations,  to  the  flank- 
ing coal  and  placer  concentrations  of  more 
recent  times.  King  made  a  section  of  the 
plateau,  including  the  essential  features  of  all 
the  cordilleran  ranges.  Wheeler,  following  the 
broader  instincts  of  the  old  topographical  corps 
of  the  army,  takes  in  the  geography  and  geology 
of  the  mining  districts  of  the  west,  and  appears 
to  be  concentrating  his  forces  upon  the  western 
plateau  and  the  country  of  the  western  range — 
the  Sierra  Nevada  and  Cascade  mountains. 
Powell  has  an  attachment  for  the  brighter 
action  of  the  great  river  valleys,  with  their 
human  inhabitants.  The  United  States  Land 
Surveys — as  yet  unorganized  physiographically 
— complete  the  list. 

So  far  from  these  surveys  interfering  with 
each  other,  their  fields  are  separate;  and  it  is 
safe  to  say  they  are  generally  governed,  in  their 
scientific  and  engineering  personnel,  by  motives 
of  generous  rivalry  alone.  Exceptional  causes 
aside,  it  is  undoubtedly  necessary  occasionally, 
in  the  public  interest,  to  make  common  cause 
against  mischief-makers,  whose  conceptions  are 
narrow,  or  who  are  selfish  enough  to  block  the 
highways  of  progress;  whose  instincts  are  low 
enough  to  embroil  their  neighbors.  While  these 
surveys  are  receiving  the  consideration  of  Con- 


We  noticed  at  some  length  the  phenomena 
observed  by  Church  in  connection  with  the 
heat,  as  found  in  the  depths  of  the  Comstock  lode. 
Equally  interesting  are  his  facts  and  deductions 
touching  chemical  action  now  in  progress,  giv- 
ing rise  to  heat.  In  this  connection  he  brings 
up  an  entirely  new  suggestion.  Hitherto  the 
only  mode  of  producing  heat  that  Jias  been 
thought  of,  has  been  some  process  of  oxidation, 
and  about  the  only  substances  which  are  sus- 
ceptible to  this  change  are  the  metallic  sul- 
phides. Principal  among  these  is  pyrite,  the 
sulphide  of  iron,  one  of  the  most  common 
minerals  of  the  world.  Whenever  a  chemical 
source  of  heat  has  been  sought  this  material  has 
been  vaguely  referred  to  as  the  likely  agent  of 
its  production.  Prof.  Church  rejects  this  source 
of  heat  and  on  good  grounds.     He  says: 

"Wherever  eruptive  or  plutonic  rocks  are 
found  it  is  quite  common  to  witness  evidence, 
in  the  breaking  out  of  hot  springs,  that  heat 
agencies  are  still  active  within  them,  and  this 
phenomenon  is  so  frequently  observed  that  hot 
springs  are  often  referred  to  as  the  last  phase  of 
eruptive  activity.  The  heat  in  the  Comstock 
and  other  mines  similarly  situated  is  quite  gen- 
erally spoken  of,  for  instance,  as  the  feeble 
remnant  of  a  temperature  that  once  reached  the 
point  of  rock  fusion,  but  the  facts  encountered 
have  compelled  me  to  seek  another  explanation. 
It  is  impossible  to  assemble  in  an  annual  report 
all  the  data  upon  which  this  conclusion  is  based, 
but  many  of  them  will  be  given.  They  have 
led  me  to  refer  the  high  temperatures  encoun- 
tered in  the  mines  not  to  the  internal  heat  of 
the  earth,  nor  to  the  residual  heat  of  the  rocks, 
which  were  once  melted,  but  to  chemical  action 
now  maintained  in  the  erupted  rocks. 

"This  action  is  not  a  combustion,  for  the  oxi- 
dizable  minerals  in  the  lode  and  its  accompany- 
ing rocks,  the  metallic  sulphides,  are  little 
altered.  In  fact,  the  total  quantity  of  pyrite 
and  other  sulphides  is  not  large  for  the  neigh- 
borhood of  a  mineral  lode,  but  on  the  contrary, 
strikiugly  small,  and  not  sufficient  to  maintain 
the  heat  of  the  rocks  and  water,  except  under 
circumstances  of  unusually  rapid  oxidation. 
That  no  metallic  oxidation  of  any  moment  goes 
on  in  these  rocks  is  susceptible  of  proof.  The 
metallic  sulphurets  in  the  rock  show  little  sign 
of  decomposition,  and  this  is  true  even  in  layers 
of  the  propylite,  that  are  fissured  and  seamy 
aud  drenched  with  water,  whether  hot  or  cold. 
In  fact,  the  preservation  of  the  sulphur  com- 
pounds, in  presence  of  so  much  heat  and  mois- 
ture, is  a  noticeable  fact,  which  I  have  fre- 
quently remarked  in  all  the  mines." 

Several  analyses  of  the  mine  waters  are 
brought  forward  in  proof  of  these  assertions. 
The  oxidation  of  pyrite  produces  the  soluble 
sulphate  of  iron,  and  this  would  be  precipitated 
by  the  lime  of  the  rocks  and  form  gypsum,  which 
in  its  turn  would  be  precipitated  in  cracks  in 
the  rock.  Neither  this  nor  the  iron  sulphate  is 
found  in  any  quantity,  and  Prof.  Church  con- 
cludes that  the  gypsum  in  the  Savage  water  ac- 
counts for  only  two-thirds  of  1%  of  the  heat  it 
contains. 

The  new  explanation  of  the  source  from 
which  heat  in  the  earth's  crust  is  derived  car- 
ries important  results  with  it.  Whenever  a 
liquid  consolidates  to  a  solid,  heat  is  given  out, 
and  this  fact  plays  an  important  part  in  the 
ecomony  of  the  earth.  Its  most  familiar  illus- 
tration is  the  commonly  observed  fact  that  the 
appearance  of  snow  often  ends  a  severe  spell  of 
cold  weather,  the  condensation  of  the  moisture 
producing  heat  which  warms  the  air.  In  pre- 
cisely the  same  way  the  coolness  which  comes 
on  at  nightfall  with  the  disappearance  of  the 
sun  is  modified  by  the  condensation  of  the  dew 
from  the  moisture  which  floated  as  vapor  in  the 
atmosphere. 

The  heat  produced  in  the  rocks  is  a  conse- 
quence of  the  same  law.  The  rainfall  pene- 
trates the  rocks  to  a  very  great  depth,  good 
authorities  not  hesitating  to  acknowledge  a  per- 
colation to  the  depth  of  90,000  feet.  It  has 
also  been  proved  by  Daubree  that  when  silicate 
of  alumina,  which  is  the  principal  component  of 
the  Comstock  rocks,  is  exposed  to  the  action  of 
water  at  great  pressure,  it  takes  up  some  of  the 
water  which  combines  with  it  chemically  and 
produces  clay,  that  being  a  hydrated  silicate  of 
alumina.  In  this  process  the  fluid  water  be- 
comes part  of  the  solid  clay,  and  gives  out  heat 
in  its  condensation. 

Rain  always  dissolves  the  gases  of  the  air  in 
its  descent.  Carbonic  acid,  nitrogen  and  oxy- 
gen are  all  dissolved  and  carried  with  it  into 
the  crust  of  the  earth,  but  when  it  solidifies 
these  are  liberated  and  take  their  way  to  the 
surface.  Of  course  they  are  heated  by  the  ac- 
tion that  set  them  free,  and  we  thus  have 
streams  of  hot  gas  pouring  through  the  rocks. 
It  has  been  shown  above  that  the  transmitting 


power  of  the  rocks  is  not   sufficient  to  keep  up 
the   heat  found   in  them,  and  Prof.    Church's 


theory  is  that  they  are  heated  by  these  streams 
of  hot  gas.  It  is  evident  that  close-grained 
rocks  which  give  but  little  opportunity  for  the 
gases  to  pass,  will  not  receive  as  much  heat  as 
those  that  are  more  open,  aud  wherever  broken 
rock  is  found  that  gives  free  passage  to  the  gas 
through  its  crevices  the  heat  will  be  highest. 
It  is  also  a  fact  that  has  been  observed,  that 
wet  rock  does  not  pass  gas  at  all.  Rocks  may 
be  penetrated  either  by  water  or  gas,  but  when 
the  former  has  once  entered,  the  latter  is  ex- 
cluded unless  the  rock  becomes  dry  again. 

These  facts  are  applied  to  explain  some  of  the 
peculiarities  of  the  Comstock.  It  is  well  known 
that  some  drifts  are  much  hotter  than  others, 
and  Prof.  Church  points  out  that  whenever  a 
drift  lies  in  the  shattered  rock  which  often 
accompanies  the  black  dyke,  it  is  apt  to  be  very 
hot.  He  also  says  that  the  hot  spots  of  the 
lode  lie  in  bands,  and  these  bands  he  supposes 
to  consist  of  shattered  rock.  He  divides  the 
country  rock  into  two  portions,  the  wet  and  the 
dry.  The  heat  is  generated  in  the  wet  rock  by 
kaolinization,  and  the  dry  rock  is  heated  by  the 
passage  of  the  resulting  gases. 

These  facts  are  used  to  explain  the  puzzling 
differences  which  have  hitherto  vitiated  the 
attempts  to  ascertain  the  rate  of  increase  of 
temperature  in  the  earth.  It  is  often  given  at 
one  degree  for  every  50,  60  or  70  feet  of  descent, 
but  such  statements  lose  sight  of  the  figures 
which  have  been  obtained.  These  run  from  35 
to  200  feet  for  one  degree  of  increase,  and  no 
suggestion  has  ever  been  made  before  to  account 
for  the  discrepancies.  Even  on  the  Comstock 
the  rate  varies  according  to  the  observations 
which  are  compared,  and  might  be  given  at  25 
feet  or  at  45£  feet  to  one  degree.  The  latter 
rate  seems  to  be  the  more  correct,  and  this  fact 
makes  it  quite  improbable  that  we  know  any- 
thing trustworthy  of  the  real  rate  of  increase  in 
the  crust  when  the  observations  are  in  ground 
which  is  not  liable  to  the  peculiar  conditions  of 
the  Comstock  region,  for  there  the  rate  is  a 
maximum. 

From  this  basis  Prof.  Church  attempts  to 
form  an  idea  i  f  the  future  fate  of  these  minee. 
If  the  stories  from  the  Comstock  are  to  be  be- 
lieved, work  in  the  mines  will  be  almost  im- 
practicable if  the  heat  increases  to  an  impor- 
tant extent.  Already  we  have  reports  of  140° 
and  even  160°  Fahr.  in  some  drifts.  But  such 
accounts  are  probably  inaccurate.  No  such 
temperatures  ar^  recorded  in  Prof.  Church's 
work.  He  gives  the  temperature  of  most  drifts 
at  108°  to  116°,  the  latter  for  very  long  drifts. 
This  of  course  is  not  the  normal  temperature, 
but  that  which  obtains  when  a  fair  current  of 
air  is  blown  tl. rough  them.  Starting  with  the 
data  given  and  allowing  an  increase  of  one  de- 
gree for  45i  feet,  the  temperature  of  the  rock 
at  the  4000  level  would  be  174°  Fahr.  Inas- 
much as  the  heat  of  the  air  is  108  to  116  degrees 
where  the  rock  is  138degreis,  it  is  probable 
that  the  drifts  on  the  4000  level  will  not  be 
al.ove  130  to  140  degrees  in  temperature,  and 
this  may  be  modified  to  au  important  extent  by 
altering  and  increasing  the  ventilation. 

The  great  question  is,  will  the  heat  increase 
below  as  fast  as  it  has  in  the  last  1,000  feet  of 
depth,  and  will  it  rise  to  the  boiling  point  of 
water  ?  Our  author  says  the  data  known  is  too 
vague  to  enable  him  to  form  an  opinion  on  this 
important  subject,  but  he  has  the  impression 
that  nothing  in  the  known  facts  makes  it  cer- 
tain that  so  high  a  heat  will  have  to  be  met 
within  the  limits  even  of  deep  mining.  The 
highest  heat  known  in  the  mines  is  for  air  154° 
in  a  closed  drift,  in  the  Crown  Point  2000  level ; 
and  for  water  154°,  in  the  Savage  and  Hale  & 
Norcross.  While  Prof.  Church  does  not  deny 
the  possibility  of  finding  still  hotter  water,  he 
seems  to  have  the  impression  that  this  may  also 
be  somewhere  near  the  highest  heating  power 
of  kaolinization  at  these  depths.  It  is  true  that 
the  water  of  Steamboat  springs  is  boiling  hot, 
but  the  sources  of  this  may  be  near  the  surface 
where  organic  acids  would  play  their  part  and 
increase  the  rapidity  of  the  action.  For  these 
reasons  he  says  that  while  the  temperature  of 
the  rock  and  water  may  increase  somewhat,  it 
is  not  likely  to  rise  to  212"  Fahr. 

As  to  the  possibility  of  working  in  the  in- 
creased heat  of  greater  depths,  the  case  of  the 
Crown  Point  crosscut  is  an  evidence  that  work 
can  be  done  even  at  such  excessive  tempera- 
tures, and  there  is  little  doubt  that  means  can 
be  found  to  lessen  the  severity  of  the  task. 

These  studies  upon  the  cause  of  heat  in  the 
mines  are  only  a  subordinate  part  of  Prof. 
Church's  work.  He  has  prepared  a  full  account 
of  the  geology  of  the  lode,  in  which  the  posi- 
tion of  the  bonanzas,  the  cause  of  ore  as  dis- 
tinguished from  barren  quartz,  the  history  of 
the  lode's  formation,  and  many  other  funda- 
mental facts  are  discussed.  This  is  accom- 
panied with  maps  and  sections  of  the  great  Gold 
Hill  and  Virginia  bonanzas,  showing  clearly 
their  true  position  in  the  lode.  For  the  first 
time  the  position  which  the  ore  invariably  occu- 
pies is  made  out,  and  the  mode  of  searching  for 
it  is  indicated.  The  true  relation  of  the  bar- 
ren portions  is  shown,  and  the  lode  is  proved  to 
contain  rich  and  barren  zones  placed  in  a  cer- 
tain order.  This  work  is  finished,  and  its  pub- 
lication may  be  looked  for  at  an  early  day. 


In  1878  there  were  532  failures  in  California, 
of  which  222  occured  in  this  city,  and  310  in 
other  parts  of  the  State.  The  liabilities  were, 
this  city,  §4,700,591;  in  other  parts  of  the 
State,  §6, 899,539,  making  a  total  of  §11,600,130. 
In  1877  the  liabilities  amounted  in  the  aggregate 
to  §11,736,276. 


February  I,  187 9.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


73 


Well-Boring  Machinery. 

Our  recent  articles  on  artesian  wells  have 
interested  many  readers,  if  we  can  judge  by  the 
tenor  of  the  comments  upon  them,  which  come 
in  correspondents'  letters.  The  obtaining  of 
artesian  water  is  of  crowning  importance  In 
many  localities,  and  this  year  there  will  be 
renewed  interest  in  well-boring,  because  the 
season's  rainfall  promises  to  be  rather  scanty. 

The  engravings  of  well-boring  appliances 
which  we  have  given  heretofore,  and  those 
which  appear  upon  this  page,  will  give  readers 
a  good  idea  of  the  manner  in  which  the  inventors 
have  aided  the  well-borer  iu  furnishing  him 
effective  apparatus.  There  is  a  point  in  favor 
of  well-boring  in  this  State,  which  is  noted  by 
an  experienced  Eastern  well-borer.  He  writes 
ub  that  after  studying  our  descriptions  of  wells 
which  have  been  sunk,  he  concludes  that  Cali- 
fornia well-borers  have  a  marked  advantage 
over  their  Eastern  confreres,  by  reason  of  the 
different  stratas  encountered  here,  as  compared 
with  those  in  the  Eastern  or  Middle  States.  He 
refers  to  the  bore  at  Fort  Wayne,  Indiana, 
which  is  over  3,000  feet  deep,  and  fully  two- 
thirds  of  that  depth  is  solid  rock.  This  propor- 
tion holds  good  throughout  the  entire  oil-bear- 
ing region,  and  in  fact,  iu  all  the  older  States 
where  deep  bores  have  been  made.  On  the 
Pacific  coast,  the  proportion  of  rock  is  very 
small,  there  being  frequently  but  a  few  feet  of 
hard  rock,  in  a  bore  of  several  hundred  feet. 
This  difference  in  the  formation  necessitates  the 
use  of  entirely  different  tools  from  those  used  in 
the  Eastern  States.  The  heavy  rock-drilling 
outfits,  costing  hundreds  of  dollars,  can  be  ex- 
changed for  a  light  attachment  used  on  the 
derrick,  and  run  by  hand,  or  by.  spring  pole  or 
horse-power;  the  drills  costing  not  over  §50, 
and  the  attachment  for  man  or  horse,  costing 
only  from  §10  to  $G0.  These  tools  have  been 
used  to  cut  through  hundreds  of  feet  of  rock, 
and  they  are  said  to  work  as  fast  as  the  more 
expensive  ones. 

It  is  a  view  of  these  cheaper  devices  for  deep 
boring  which  we  give  on  this  page.  They  are 
the  inventions  of  Oscar  Rust,  and  are  made  and 
sold  by  the  Kust  Well  Auger  Company,  of 
Macon,  Missouri.  They  are  said  to  have  been 
fully  tested  and  approved  by  the  work  which 
has  been  done  with  them  at  the  East. 

Fig.  1  represents  auger  worked  by  horse- 
power. When  at  work  the  upper  end  of  shaft 
is  alwayB  below  the  shreve,  a  pulley  in  the  top 
of  the  derrick,  and  a  swivel  in  the  lower  part 
of  the  rope  near  where  it  is  attached  to  the 
auger  preventing  any  twisting  of  rope,  and 
gives  the  operator  constant  hold  of  the  auger. 

Figs.  2  and  3  show  ordinary  shallow  well 
augers.  They  are  made  from  12  to  IS  inches 
in  diameter,  and  are  calculated  to  work  to  the 
depth  of  100  feet.  Greater  depths  require 
smaller  tools. 

Fig.  4  shows  wormer  for  loosening  small 
boulders,  cobble-stones  and  hard-packed  gravel, 
and  for  working  through  hard-pan,  slate,  coal, 
soapstone,  soft  sandstone,  or  anything  except 
olid  hard  rock.  It  is  steel-pointed  and  war- 
ranted to  do  the  work. 

Fig.  5  shows  the  drill  bit  and  reamer,  in  gen- 
eral use  throughout  the  oil  region  in  Ohio  and 
Pennsylvania,  and  by  artesian  well  borers 
throughout  the  Eastern  States. 

Fig.  6  shows  an  auger  devised  especially  for 
artesian  well  boring.  It  is  made  of  all  steel, 
and  is  claimed  to  be  the  lightest  running,  fast- 
est boring  and  most  easily  handled  auger  now 
in  use.  It  is  made  from  four  to  six  feet  long, 
and  of  any  diameter  from  four  to  ten  inches. 
By  adding  rubber  belting  valves  at  the  bot- 
tom, and  a  small  hook  or  hasp  to  hold  the  sides 
together  in  sand,  a  moat  effective  sand  auger  is 
Becured.  The  operator  with  this  tool  is 
enabled  to  p'enetrate  clay,  sand,  gravel  or  any 
formation  he  may  encounter  except  solid  rock. 

The  augers  here  shown  at  Figs.  2,  3  and  0, 
each  cut  a  hole  from  one-half  inch  to  one  inch 
larger  than  the  body  of  the  auger,  thus  giving 
free  passage  for  air  and  water.  These  augers 
are  especially  calculated  to  work  inside  iron 
casing.  The  presence  of  the  hard  earth  against 
the  bits  as  the  auger  is  being  revolved,  causes 
the  bits  or  lower  end  of  the  sides  to  spring  out 
a  trifle,  thereby  cutting  out  under  the  casing, 
so  the  casing  will  easily  settle.  When  the 
auger  ceases  to  revolve  and  the  bits  no  longer 
engage  the  earth,  the  sides  spring  back  to  their 
original  position,  and  the  auger  comes  up  inside 
the  casing.  But  if  from  any  cause  the  sides  do 
not  spring  in,  a  slight  backward  turn  as  the 
auger  is  being  raised  will  press  them  in,  and 
the  loaded  auger  will  come  up  perfectly  free. 

The  sides  of  these  augers  hinge  on  a  pivot- 
bolt  in  the  lower  corners  of  the  head,  and  are 
fastened  by  keys,  as  shown  in  the  cut.  To 
empty  or  discharge  the  load,  the  operator 
knocks  out  the  keys,  the  auger  swings  open 
and  the  load  drops  in  a  cart  or  truck  run  under 
for  that  purpose. 

A  full  set  of  boring  tools,  shown  herewith, 
consisting  of  augers  in  Figs.  2  or  3  (any  size), 
two  turning  levers,  and  the  full  derrick  rig, 
consisting  of  two  wheels,  two  axles,  two 
cranks,  four  pair  boxes,  one  shreve  or  pulley 
and  one  swivel,  costs  $60.  The  auger  shown  at 
Fig.  6  is  $10  extra.  The  shafting  or  rods  used 
with  these  augers  is  two-inch  gas  pipe,  with 


one  length  of  solid  square  iron  above  the 
ground  for  turning  levers  to  attach  to.  These 
are  furnished  at  50  cents  per  foot  when  desired. 

The  couplings  are  all  placed  inside,  and  are 
simply  a  plug  of  two-inch  round  iron,  one  end 
riveted  or  welded  in  one  end  of  a  gas-pipe,  and 
the  other  end  to  be  inserted  in  the  end  of  the 
next  length  of  gas-pipe,  and  fastened  by  two 
iron  pins.  The  pipe  is  strengthened  at  the  piu 
holes  by  a  baud  of  iron  four  inches  wide  and 
one-quarter  of  an  inch  thick,  shrunk  over  the 
end,  the  pins  passing  through  the  band, 
pipe  and  coupling. 

In  lifting  the  auger  from  the  bottom  of  the 
well,  as  each  length  of  shafting  comes  above 
the  ground,  the  coupling  in  Innsrn.'d  by  ;t  Mow 
of  a  hammer  on  each  pin,  and  the  length  is 
lifted  off  and  left  standing  in  the  derrick, 
without  stopping  the  anger  in  its  passage  up, 
or  40  feet  of  shafting  may  be  run  out  at  the  top 
of  the  derrick.  These  couplings  are  made  at 
an  expense  of  only  about  one  dollar  each;  they 
are  strong  and  durable,  and  are  said  to  be 
handled  in  one-fourth  the  time  of  any  other. 

The  Mechanics'  Fail*. 

The  Managers  of  the  Mechanics'  Institute  de- 
cided, a  short  time  since,  on  holding  another 
fair  this  year.  As  it  has  been  customary  every 
other  year  to  offer  premiums,  and  some  were 
given  last  year,  if  the  custom  is  followed,  pre- 
miums will  be  given  at  the  next  coming  exhibi- 
tion. 

If  it  is  finally  decided  to  do  this,  the  premium 
list  should  be  made  out  as  soon  as  possible, 
in  order  that  persons  desirous  of  competing  may 
have  time  for  preparation.  Cash  premiums 
are,  of  course,  the  best  and  would,  without 
doubt,  tend  greatly  to  increase  the  interest  in 
the  exhibition.     There  are  a  good   many   poor 


FIG.  1 


Smelting  as  a  Business. 

EDITORS  PRESS:— I  have  had  some  experience 
in  mining  and  assaying  many  kinds  of  ore,  but 
have  liul  no  experience  in  base  ores  or  smelting 
them.  How  long  would  it  take  me  to  learn  as 
a  basis  for  improvement,  to  assay  smelting  ores? 
I  am  thinking  of  going  to  Mexico  or  Arizona, 
and  I  wish  to  have  some  experience  before 
starting.  Will  you  state  the  shortest  possible 
time  for  obtaining  an  insight,  aud  also  the 
cost.— M.  If.  S. 

You  know,  of  course,  that  assaying  and 
smelting  are  chemically  the  same  process.  It 
is  the  "art  of  separating"  substances  in  the  dry 
way— the  reactions  that  the  asBayer  and  the 
smelter  take  advantage  of  being  essentially  sim- 
ilar to  thoso  employed  in  the  wot  way. 

It  is  solution  by  means  of  fluxes  aud  precipi- 
tation, after  the  reaction  has  taken  place,  by 
gravity.  In  smelting  you  have  always  to  deal 
with  silicates  accompanying  your  ores  or 
fluxes.  Now  to  learn  making  assays  by  rote, 
for  smelting  any  given  kind  or  kinds  of  ore' 
could  be  shown  you  in  a  few  hours;  but  that 
would  not  justify  you  in  undertaking  any  new 
or  unexpected  ores,  or  products,  that  might 
come  to  your  hand  indiscriminately,  or  in  set- 
ting up  for  an  expert  in  this  branch  of  practical 
chemistry. 

While  it  is  evident  that  you  have  before  you 
the  whole  field  of  chemistry,  which  you  must 
absolutely  understand  by  practical  handling  be- 
fore you  can  properly  understand  the  business 
of  assaying  aud  smelting — a  study  and  a  pro- 
fession together  that  will  take  you  many  years 
to  acquire — it  is  also  true  that  you  may  be  so 
fortunate  as  to  find  opportunities  where  some 
competent  man  of  experience  has  worked  out 
the  details  applicable  to  special  cases,  to  a  de- 
gree of  simplicity   that    would   enable  a  China- 


F1G.  4. 


FFO.  S. 


THE    RUST    ARTESIAN    WELL    BORING    MACHINERY. 


inventors  who  cannot  afford  to  build  machines 
and  then  attend  to  exhibiting  them  for  five  or 
six  weeks  for  nothing.  Many  of  this  class 
would  do  so,  however,  if  they  saw  any  hopes 
of  making  a  few  hundred  dollars.  The  Man- 
agers will  probably  take  these  facts  into  consid- 
eration and  if  possible  offer  a  liberal  premium 
list. 

A  quarterly  meeting  of  the  Institute  will  be 
held  on  February  6th,  when  it  will  be  decided 
whether  the  annual  election  will  take  place 
March  1st  or  be  deferred  until  June  again.  It 
is  considered  by  some  to  be  bad  policy  to 
change  the  Trustees  just  at  the  time  prepara- 
tions are  being  made  for  the  f.-iir.  The  inten- 
tion is  to  change  the  time  for  annual  elections  so 
that  the  new  board  will  either  come  in  some 
time  before  or  after  the  holding  of  the  fair. 

A  Valuable  Paper. — As  usual,  the  San 
Francisco  Journal  of  Commerce  makes  its  ap- 
pearance with  the  advent  of  the  New  Year,  in 
the  form  of  an  enlarged  edition,  wherein  the 
condition  of  our  city  trade,  local  industries,  the 
general  business  of  the  country,  and,  in  fact, 
nearly  all  of  our  material  and  commercial 
interests  during  the  past  year  are  reviewed  and 
commented  upon  in  an  intelligent  manner  and 
in  an  exhaustive  way.  It  is  a  paper  that  all 
interested  in  our  physical  well-being  and 
progress  should  consult  wi*h  care,  and  which 
should  be  extensively  circulated  abroad.  Mr. 
Chas.  G.  Yale  contributes  to  this  annual  an 
essay  on  the  inlets,  shoals,  headlands,  harbors, 
and  other  topographical  and  hydrograhic 
features  of  the  Pacific  coast.  This  article, 
which  has  been  prepared  with  great  care  aud 
with  strict  regard  to  well-established  facts, 
should,  because  of  its  authoritative  character 
and  completeness,  become  exceedingly  useful 
to  government  officials  and  our  merchant 
marine.  A  large  edition  of  this  splendid  paper 
has  been  issued  and  we  believe  mostly  disposed 
of. 


man  speedily  to  acquire  the  process  by  rote. 

By  care  and  attention  to  the  details  of  a  par- 
ticular class  of  ore  to  which  he  is  accustomed, 
a  laborer  will  learn  to  roast  his  material  to  an 
oxide,  or  to  a  sulphate,  or  a  chloride  to  per- 
fection. 

You  will  have  to  find  out  first  therefore  what 
ores  you  intend  to  handle;  ard  presuming  it  to 
be  gold  or  silver  that  you  wish  to  produce., 
what  metallurgical  process  or  processes  will  an- 
swer the  best,  under  the  circumstances  existing 
in  your  mineral  district;  whether  you  will  em- 
ploy the  cupola,  or  the  reverberatory  furnace 
for  reduction;  whether  you  will  content  your- 
self with  smelting  to  matte;  or  whether  you 
will  also  separate  your  lead,  antimony  and  sil- 
ver by  other  processes. 

Not  to  lead  you  too  far  about  the  bush,  you 
can  find  good  teachers  of  assaying  in  this  city 
who  will  show  you  the  fluxes  and  how  to  use 
them,  for  from  $10  to  ®100.  You  can  go  to  the 
newly  completed  mining  college  of  the  Univer- 
sity at  Berkeley,  for  a  term,  and  learn  more 
about  the  whole  matter,  in  the  same  space  of 
time,  and  for  the  same  money,  than  you  can 
anywhere  else. 

If  you  wish  to  learn  how  to  build  a  small 
Mexican  mud  cupola,  and  to  run  it;  or  how  to 
build,  charge,  or  run  the  kinds  of  furnaces  em- 
ployed in  Inyo  county,  or  at  Eureka  or  Salt 
Lake,  the  most  economical,  and  the  surest  way 
of  gaining  the  best  metallurgical  practice,  is  to  go 
to  the  University  first,  and  then  at  on^e  to  the 
spot  where  some  competent  person  has  worked 
outthe   details.     They  may  apply  to  your  case. 

The  shortest  possible  time  necessary  for  "ob- 
taining an  insight"  will  be  found  to  be  where 
you  invest  your  own  money  in  operating  smelt- 
ing works,  employing  a  practical  Chinaman  for 
head  smelter. 


Ducks  and  geese  are  very  numerous  in  this 
section  just  now,  says  the  Guadalupe  Telegraph. 
Swans  also  abound,  and  are  occasionally  shot  by 
our  hunters.     They  are  very  fine  eating. 


The  Geological  Section. 

The  last  meeting  of  this  section  was  held 
January  Uth,  1879,  President  Joseph  Le  Conte 
in  the  chair.  The  following  members  were 
present:  Profs.  Le  Conte  and  Price,  and  Messrs. 
Bowman,  Globes,  Harding,  Jackson,  Keep  and 
Christy.  The  following  gentlemen  were  elected 
to  membership  in  the  section:  Dr.  G.  F.  Becker, 
Dr.  Jas.  Blake,  Louis  Falkman,  Chas.  G.  Yale, 
It.  H.  Stretch,  John  T.  Evans  and  F.  Gutzkow. 

A  very  interesting  paper  was  read  by  Prof. 
Joseph  Le  Conte,  entitled  "The  Mono  Volca- 
noes and  their  Halation  to  the  Glacial  Drift. '» 
The  paper  is  the  result  of  several  visits  to  this 
interesting  region  during  the  last  few  years, 
and  as  we  intend  shortly  to  publish  it  in  full, 
we  content  ourselves  with  a  brief  extract  for 
the  present. 

The  paper  began  with  a  brief  description  of 
the  Sierras  in  this  region,  of  the  gradually  as- 
cending slope  of  the  range  from  the  Sacramento 
basin,  and  the  precipitous  descent  to  the  Mono 
plains  on  the  east.  The  evidences  of  glacial 
action,  the  terminal  moraines,  etc.,  were  men- 
tioned.  The  waters  of  Mono  lake  were  de- 
scribed as  being  strongly  alkaline,  containing  a 
large  excess  of  carbonate  of  soda  with  smaller 
quantities  of  chloride  and  borate  of  sodium,  and 
carbonate  of  lime.  The  origin  of  these  salts  could 
be  either  the  leaching  of  the  basic  volcanic 
rocks  in  the  vicinity,  or  in  the  hot  springs 
which  still  are  active  in  the  lake  itself.  It  is 
certainly  the  concentrated  residue  of  an  im- 
mense inland  lake  which  existed  there  during 
the  glacial  epoch.  This  is  proved  by  the  ter- 
races which  show  the  successive  limits  of  the 
lake,  and  also  by  the  immense  clumps  of  a 
peculiar  carbonate  of  lime,  to  which  Clarence 
King  has  given  the  name  of  thinolite.  Its  crys- 
talline form  is  the^ame  as  that  of  gay  lussite, 
of  which  it  is  probably  a  pseudomorple.  This 
supposition  gives  rise  to  some  interesting  spec- 
ulation as  to  the  changes  which  have  taken 
place  in  the  lake  itself,  in  order  to  allow  such  a 
transformation. 

The  terraces,  five  or  six  in  number,  some- 
times reaching  in  hight  600  feet,  were  spoken 
of.  The  bearing  of  this  upon  the  size  of  the 
former  lake  was  developed.  The  islands  in  the 
present  lake  were  described;  and  the  largest 
one  was  taken  as  in  some  degree  typical.  It 
was  two  and  a  half  miles  long  by  one  mile  wide, 
and  300  feet  high.  It  is  composed  of  a  finely 
stratified  deposit  of  diatomaceous  earth,  over- 
lying a  basaltic  rock,  which  is  in  some  places 
exposed  by  erosion. 

The  volcanoes,  at  present  extinct,  which  ex- 
ist upon  the  Mono  plain,  were  next  described. 
They  are  of  a  hight  of  from  200  to  2,700  feet. 
Some  of  them  are  as  perfect  as  if  just  formed. 
The  cone  within  a  cone  structure  was  described, 
and  accounted  for  as  being  the  result  of  erup- 
tions taking  place  at  different  times. 

The  probable  age  of  these  extinct  volcanoes 
was  put  as  since  the  end  of  the  glacial  epoch, 
though  their  activity  may  have  begun  before 
this  period. 

In  favor  of  this  proposition,  the  following 
arguments  were  advanced: 

1.  The  prodigious  amount  of  glacial  action 
which  existed  at  this  time  would  have  other- 
wise eroded  them  almost  entirely,  while  they 
are  on  the  contrary  nearly  perfectly  preserved! 

2.  Sections  of  the  plain  made  by  the  creeks, 
such  as  that  of  Rush  creek,  which  may  be  ob- 
served to  the  depth  of  70  to  150  feet,  show  the 
evidences  of  glacial  drift,  while  only  upon  the 
top  is  there  any  of  the  volcanic  ash. 

3.  In  the  craters  are  found  fragments  of  a 
rose-colored  granite.  These  were  probably 
ejected  by  the  volcanic  gases  from  the  boulder 
drift  which  underlies  the  plains  themselves  and 
which  was  deposited  during  the  glacial  epoch. 

4.  Volcanic  action  in  the  region  generally 
seems  to  have  been  most  active  during  the  ter- 
tiary. 

The  course  of  events  which  probably  took 
place  was  then  traced.  The  ancient  lake  ex- 
tended over  a  vast  area  now  laid  bare.  The 
glaciers  when  they  touched  the  surface  of  the 
lake  were  broken  off  as  icebergs,  depositing  their 
rocky  debris  upon  the  bottom  of  this  vast  lake. 
The  gradaal  decrease  of  the  body  of  the  water 
as  the  glacial  epoch  came  to  a  close,  and  the 
cycle  of  dryness  ensued,  was  accompanied  by 
the  advent  of  the  volcanoes,  and  there  was  a# 
continuation  of  the  dry  climate  until  the  present 
condition  of  affairs  came  about.  And  finally, 
at  the  present  time  the  curious  fact  was  stated 
chat  there  appears  to  be  a  gradual  rise  of  the 
waters  of  this,  as  well  as  of  other  lakes  in  the 
neighborhood,  as  is  shown  by  the  gradual  en- 
croachment of  the  waters  upon  old  trails,  fences 
and  other  landmarks.  This  would  seem  to  in- 
dicate that  the  cycle  of  dryness  was  coming  to 
an  end,  and  that  a  change  of  climate  was  immi- 
nent. Another  evidence  of  increased  precipi- 
tation was  given  in  the  condition  of  the  ter- 
minal moraine  of  the  glacier  of  Mt.  Lyell.  The 
front  of  the  debris  of  the  moraine  is  at  its  very 
limit  of  stability,  which  could  not  be  unless  the 
glacier  had  been  advancing  instead  of  retreat- 
ing. The  question  arises,  whether  this  is  a 
sun-spot  cycle  or  a  geological  one.  Clarence 
King  is  of  the  opinion  that  it  is  a  larger  cycle 
than  the  former,  as  he  finds  that  the  snow 
avalanches  of  the  high  Sierras  are  invading  the 
forests,  in  many  cases  tearing  down  trees  that 
were  250  years  old. 


74 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[February  i,   1879. 


hii$ipe$$  birectory. 


WM.    BARTLING. 


HENRY  KIMBALL 


BARTLING    &    KIMBALL, 
BOOKBINDERS, 

Paper  Rulers  &  Blank  Book  Manufacturers. 

505  Clay  Street,(southwest  corner  Sansome), 

san  francisco. 

Lewis  Peterson.  John  Olsson. 

PETERSON   &  OLSSON, 

Model  Makers,  and  Manufacturers  of  Em- 
blematic Signs.    Models  for  the  Patent 
Office,  in  "Wood  or  Metal,  a  Specialty, 
NO-    328   BUSH   STREET, 
Bet.  Montgomery  and  Kearny,  (up  stairs),  San  Francisco. 
All  kinds  of  tin,  copper  and  brass  work  made  to  order. 

San  Francisco  Cordage  Company. 

Established    1856. 

We  have  just  added  a  large  amount  of  new  machinery  of 
the  latest  and  must  improved  kind,  and  are  again  prepared 
to  fill  orders  for  Rope  of  any  special  lengths  and  sizes.  Con- 
stantly on  hand  a  large  stock  of  Manila  Hope,  all  sizes: 
Tarred  Manila  Rope;  Hay  Rope;  "Whale  Line,  etc  ,  etc 
TUBBS  &  CO., 
611  and  613  Front  Street,  San  Francisco 


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Mcdonald  &  johnsofs 

STYLOGRAPH, 


Rapid  Letter  Copying  Books, 

Making  Instantaneous  Copying  same  moment  of  Writing, 
without  Pen,  Ink,  Pencil,  or  Copying  Press,  each  com 
plete,  in  all  sizes, 

From  75   Cents  to  $4.50. 

Address,  STYLOGRAPH    CO., 

12  California  St.,  San  Francisco. 


South    Pacific    Coast    Railroad. 

New  Route  (Narrow-Gauge.) 

Commencing  Monday,  September  30th,  1878,  boats  and 
'trains  will  leave  San  Francisco  daily  from  the  New  Ferry 
Landing,  foot  of  Market  street,  at  5:30  a.  m.,  9:00  a  m.  and 
-4:00  p.  m.  for  ALAMEDA,  SAN  JOSE,  LOS  GATOS, 
ALMA,  and  all  way  stations. 
Stages  connect  with  9:00  a.  m.  train  at  Alma  for  Santa  Cruz 
EXCURSION  TICKETS  will  Ik;  sola  Saturday  afternoons 
rand  Sunday  mornings  from  sim  Francisco  and  Alameda  to 
■San  Jose,  Los  Gatos,  and  Congress  Springs,  and  return,  at 
reduced  rates,  good  only  until  Monday  evening  following 
date  of  purchase. 

FERRIES  AND  LOCAL  TRAINS,   DAILY. 


,  4:00, 
-t5:10,  7:40,  9:04  A.  m.;  12  M.: 


From  San  Francisco. -5:30,  t640,  9:00,   10:30  A  M 

5:15,  6:30  P.  M. 
From   High  Street,   Alameda. 
2:40,  4:00,5:16,  6:24  p.  m. 

tDaily,  Sunday  excepted, 
The  Company  are  prepared  to  carry  vehicles  of  all  kinds  on 
'the  Ferry,  to  and  from  San  Francisco,  Alameda  and  Oakland 
THOS.  CARTER,  GEO.  H.  WAGGONER 

Superintendent  Geu'l  Passenger  Agent 


SWEET  KffSBflirAYY 


Awarded  Mgliest  prise  at  Centennial  Exposition  for 
fine  chewing  qualities  and  excellence  and  lasting  char- 
acter of  sweetening  and  flavoring.  The  best  tobacco 
ever  made.  As  our  blue  strip  trade-mark  is  closely 
Imitated  on   inferior  goods,    nee  that  Jackson's  Best  is 


Sarrison  Barto. 


Solon  B.  William. 


JVb.    414    CLA.Y-  Street, 

North  Side, 


Above  Battery, 


§m\  ^ranqi§qc. 


on  every  plug.    Sold  by  nil  dealer...    Send"  for  sample, 
-  "t  O.  &.  Jackson  4  Co.,  Mfrs.,  Petereburg.-Wi 


free,  to  < 


L.  &  B.  WERTHHEIMER,  Ag'ta,  San  Francisco. 


MANHATTAN  FIRE  BRICK   AND   CLAY  RETORT  WORKS, 

ADAM    WEBBER,    PROPRIETOR. 
Office— No.    633   East   15th   Street,   New    York 

CLAY  GAS  RETORTS,  (Glazed  and  Unglazod,)  GAS  HOUSE  TILES,  FIRE  BRICK 
BLOCKS,  ETC.,  FIRE  CLAY  AND  SAND  ALWAYS  ON  HAND. 

ASSAY  MUFFLES  AND  FURNACES. 

CUPOLA  BRICKS  FOR    McKENZIE  AND  OTHER  CUPOLAS. 
(Refer  to  the  San  Francisco  Gas  Light  Company  and  to  the  Pacific  Rolling1  Mills.) 


Important  to   Contractors 


SUBMARINE    BUILDERS- 

2  1  i^Wt  William  Stack, 

of  Oakland,  has 
recently  patent- 
ed through  the 
Miking  and  Sci- 
entific Press 
Patent  Agency, 
an  apparatus  for 
driving-  nails  or 
spikes  under  wa- 
ter, an  engrav- 
ing of  which  is 
here  shown.  It 
is  well-known 
that  it  is  ex- 
tremely difficult 
to  drive  nails  or 
spikes  under  wa- 
ter, even  if  it  is 
only  submerged 
a  few  inches. 
These  difficulties 
are  completely 
obviated  by  Mr. 
S  t  a  c  It's  device, 
which  has  been 
__  put  in  thoi  ough 
^^  practical  opera- 
ion  ill  the  con- 
truction  of 
i  h  a  r  v  e  s  and 
est  slips  in  the.Oak- 
ISland  side  of  the 


Fig.  1  shows 
li  e  application 
f  the  device, 
id  Fig.  2  shows 
construction. 


m^HBF  A  is  a  metal  tube 
^  of  suitable 
length,  the  foot  of  which  may  he  serrated  as  shown,  so 
that  the  points  will  engage  with  the  wood  when  the  tube 
is  pushed  or  driven  against  it.  The  rod  or  driver,  C,  has 
a  recess  or  cavity,  D,  at  the  lower  end  so  as  to  rest  on 
top  of  the  nail  or  spike  shown  in  Fig.  2.  Where  the  tube, 
A,  is  pushed  against  the  timber  in  the  desired  position, 
the  spike  or  nail  is  dropped  in  at  the  upper  end  and  slides 
down  against  the  timber.  The  rod,  C,  is  then  slid  down 
on  top  of  the  nail,  and  by  alternately  drawing  out  and 
forcing  the  rod  into  the  tube,  the  rod  serves  as  a  driver;  or 
by  hammering  on  the  upper  end  of  the  rod  the  nail  is 
driven  into  the  wood.  The  tube  answers  both  as  a  guide 
for  the  nail  and  driving  rod.  The  tube  can  also  answer  as 
a  guide  for  a  screw-driving  device  on  the  end  of  the  rod, 
by  which  lag  screws  may  be  "put  in  place  under  water  as 
well  as  nails.  Of  course  the  tube  may  be  set  in  any  posi- 
tion desired,  so  that  nails  may  be  driven  at  an  angle  if 
necessary.  The  appliance,  as  simple  as  it  is,  will  be  found 
very  useful  in  many  cases  for  bridge  building  or  similar 
purposes.     Address, 

WM.    STACK, 

N.  E  Cor.  Fifth  and  Harrison  Sts.,  OAKLAND,  Alameda 
County,  California. 


J.  S.  PHILLIPS,  m.  e., 

Consulting  Engines;  I  Metallurgist, 
Examiner  of  Mines  and  Assayer, 

702    CALIFORNIA     STREET, 
Author  of—  ■  »-■  « —  San  Francisco. 

The  Explorers',  Miners'  and  Metallurgists'  Companion, 

672  pages,  83  Illustrations,  (2d  Edition,)    Price §  10  50 

The  prospector's  '*  Wee  Pet "  Assayer,  (Patented) 100  00 

The  Testing  Machine  for  Gold,  Silver,  Lead,  etc 40  00 

The  "Little  Wonder"  Self -calculating  Sample  and 

Button  Weigher,  (Patented) 25  00 

Blow-pipists'  Pocket  Laboratory  of  Tools,  Fluxes,  etc.    50  00 

Vest  Pocket  Blowpipe 3  00 

CHARGES.— Assaying,  S3;  Testing,  $2  per  metal 

Assaying  and  Testing  Taught 


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decisions  of  the  Supreme  Court 

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Principles  to  the  economy  of  living,  of  labor,  of  health  and 
of  comfort.  A  handsome  piece  of  Furniture  adapted  to  the 
wants  of  every  family.  It  equally- economizes  time,  labor  and 
fuel,  and  avoids  exposure  to  heat  in  cooking  as  well  as  in 
baking.  It  bakes  Bread,  Cakes  and  Pies  to  any  desired  tint 
without  turning  or  watching,  or  danger  of  burning.  All 
odors  produced  in  cooking  are  passed  up  the  flue.  Pood 
cooked  by  deflected  heat  is  improved  in  flavor,  more  easily 
digested,  contains  more  nutriment,  will  keep  fresh  longer, 
and  is  also  much  improved  in  appearance."  The  stages  of  the 
cooking  or  baking  can  he  seen  without  stooping  or  opening 
the  doors  of  the  oven.  It  will  dry  and  bleach  your  clothes  in 
from  half  an  hour  to  one  hour  and  a  half,  and  heat  your  irons. 

Fruit  dried  in  the  Boswell  will  gain  from  twenty  to 
forty  per  cent,  in  ^VEIGHT,  and  thirty  per  cent,  in 
quality  over  that  dried  by  any  other  process.  It  will  suc- 
cessfully dry  any  kind  of  Fruit,  Grapes,  Berries,  Meats,  Fish, 
Vegetables,  Coffee,  Tobacco,  Corn  and  Grain  of  all  kinds. 


Boswell's  Commercial   Fruit  Drier, 

Used  exclusively  for  drying  and  heating  purposes  on  a  large 

SCALE. 

—  ALSO  — 

BOSWELL'S    CABINET   HEATER, 

Of  all  sizes  and  capacity  for  heating  Private  Residences, 
Hotels,  Halls,  School  Houses,  Churches,  Offices,  Stores, 
Railroad  Cars.  Hospitals,  etc. 

All  of  which  can  be  operated  successfully  by  a  mere  child, 
it  is  so  simple  in  its  construction,  and  with  one-third  the 
usual  amount  of  fuel  (coal  or  wood),  used  iu  any  other  heat 
ing,  cooking  or  drying  apparatus. 

Every  farmer  and  economical  housekeeper  should  use  it. 
It  will  pay  for  itself  in  the  saving  of  fuel;  it  will  pay  in  the 
superior  character  of  its  fruit  drying,  of  it3  cooking, 
roasting  and  baking;  it  will  pay  in  its  salubrious  and 
healthful  warm  air;  it  will  pay  the  rich  and  the  poor  alike. 

Address,  for  Price  List  and  descriptive  illustrated  circulars, 

Boswell  Pure  Air  Heater  Co., 

No.  606  Montgomery  Street,  San  Francisco,  California. 
S.  R.  LIPPINCOTT,  Secretary. 

EUGENE  L.  SULLIVAN,  Pres't. 


CAUTION 

To  Hydraulic  Miners. 

The  public  generally  and  Hydraulic  Miners  especially 
are  hereby  notified  that  any  parties  making  or  using  the 
contrivance  known  as  the  HOSKIN  DEFLECTOR  will  be 
prosecuted  to  the  full  extent  of  the  law,  said  machine 
having  been  declared  by  the  U.  S.  Circuit  Court  an  in- 
fringement upon  my  patent,  the 

Bloomfield  Deflecting  Nozzle. 

The  public  are  also  cautioned  against  using  the  Hoskin 
Deflector  because  of  its  danger  to  life  and  limb,  this  de- 
vice having  already  occasioned  several  deaths  and  other 
serious  accidents.  The  BLOOMFIELD  DEFLECTOR  is 
entirely  safe,  its  two  and  a  half  years  use  without  acci- 
dent, as  well  as  its  construction,  proves  it  to  be  a  reliable 
contrivance. 

Any  parties  wishing  to  purchase  the  right  to  use  these 
Deflectors  can  do  so  by  applying  to  the  undersigned, 

HENRY  C.  PERKINS, 
North  Bloomfield,  Nevada  Co.,  Cal.,  Octo- 
ber 1st,  1878. 


NATURE'S   TRIUMPH! 

CALIFORNIA 

P£OOT  TEA 

Is  without  a  parallel  in  medicine.  The  most  important  dis- 
coveiy  ever  made  in  any  age  or  country.  It  is  the  only  per- 
fect Liver  and  Blood  Medicine  ever  known,  has  a  powerful 
and  heretofore  unheard  of  influence  on  the  circulation,  and 
is  extremely  desirable  in  all  forms  of  debility,  local  or  general, 
and  weakening  and  wasting  diseases,  effecting  many  aston- 
ishing cures  when  all  else  fails.  It  effects  permanent  cures 
of  Blood  Diseases  which  all  the  old  Blood  Medicines  and  the 
most  powerful  drugs  fail  to  touch.  A  continuous  influx  of 
testimonials  are  daily  pouring  in  from  all  sources. 

Mrs.  Lydia  Read's  Cure. 

San  Francisco,  January  13th,  1879. 

Dear  Sir: — I  feel  it  my  duty  to  inform  you  what  the  Cali- 
fornia Root  Tea  has  done  for  me,  and  think  you  ought  to 
publish  it  for  the  benefit  of  others.  I  had  been  failing  in 
health  for  years,  and  in  spite  of  all  the  different  treatment  I 
underwent  and  medicines  I  swallowed  had  sunk  so  low  that 
I  could  hardly  walk  across  the  floor,  and  felt  that  my  time 
had  come.  When  in  this  condition  a  few  weeks  ago  the  Cali- 
fornia Root  Tea  was  recommended  to  me  by  a  friend  and  I 
began  its  use.  Its  effect  was  most  astonishing;  it  seemed 
to  actually  build  me  up  from  the  start,  and  I  am  now  as  strong 
and  hearty  as  ever.  I  am  confident  and  so  are  my  friends 
that  had  it  not  been  for  the  California  Root  Tea  I  should 
now  be  in  my  grave.         ISigued]  Mrs.  Lydia  Read, 

1843  Howard  Street. 

Note.— Mrs.  Read's  complaint  was  impoverishment  of  the 
blood,  feeble  circulation  and  a  steady  and  persistent  decline 
that  defied  the  best  physicians.  For  many  such  complaints 
there  is  no  possibility  of  cure  with  anything  heretofore|known 
in  medicine.  Mrs.  Read  has  resided  at  her  present  home  for 
years,  and  is  well  known  throughout  the  city  as  a  lady  of 
education  and  high  standing. 

The  CALIFORNIA  ROOT  TEA  is  sold  in  packets,  in  its 
vegetable  form.  Each  50  cent  packet  makes  a  pint  of  balsam : 
dose,  2  spoonfuls  3  times  daily.  Any  child  prepares  it  in  10 
minutes.    Directions  inside  each  packet. 

All  respectable  Druggists  and  Grocers  throughout  the 
country  sell  it. 


Barlow  J. Smith.  M.  D. 

Consulting    Physician, 

Professor  of  Phrenology  and 
Mental  Hygiene. 

Proprietor  of  the  Smithsonian  Medical  and  Phrenologica 
Institute,  635  California  Street,  above  Kearny. 

This  Institute,  by  combining  medical  hygieue  with  the 
various  "Water  Cure  treatments  and  the  most  powerful  Elec- 
trized Horseshoe  Magnet  in  the  world,  claims  to  cure  speed- 
ily and  permanently  all  forms  of  acute  or  chronic  nervo- 
vital  derangements,  Brain,  Spinal  and  Heart  diseases,  St. 
Vitus  Dance,  Palsy,  Epilepsy  and  all  Rheumatic,  Liver  and  . 
Kidney  troubles.  The  institution  has  for  the  past  20  years 
made  a  specialty  of  treating  all  forms  of  weaknesses  and  dis- 
eases peculiar  to  males  and  females.  By  the  use  of  hygienic 
remedies  and  electro-motorpathy  the  worst  forms  of  impo- 
tency  and  seminal  weakness  in  males  and  sterility  in  fe- 
males are  speedily  and  permanently  overcome.  Hygienic 
board,  with  or  without  rooms.  Terms  moderate.  Electro- 
thermal, Russo-Turkish  and  Medicated  Baths    given  daily. 

Mrs.  Dr.  Smith  as  Matron  has  charge  of  the  female  bath- 
ing department. 

Dr.  Smith  has  practiced  Phrenology  the  past  30  years, 
and  during  the  last  20  Years  ha3  been  constantly  using  the 
science  connected  with  Physiognomy,  in  examining  or  diag- 
nosing disease  in  this  city,  and  claims  to  have  made  discov- 
eries in  the  Science  of  Phrenology  that  enables  him,  by  an 
examination  of  the  head,  even  blindfolded,  to  determine  the 
disease  to  which  the  person  is  constitutionally  subject,  or 
whether  the  disease  at  the  time  afflicting  the  person,  is  the 
result  of  accident  or  hereditary  weakness  ;  whether  Con- 
sumptive, Dyspeptic,  Rheumatic,  Apoplectic,  Neu- 
ralgic, LEUCORRUCEAL,or  Seminal.  Especially  does  the 
form  of  the  head  indicate  the  strength  of  the  uterine,  geni- 
tal or  reproductive  system.  The  head  is  also  an  index  of  the 
natural  strength  of  the  lungs,  heart,  stomach,  liver,  kidneys, 
spleen,  back  or  vertebra,  and  it  determines  the  power  of  the 
system  in  warding  off  and  overcoming  disease  of  all  kinds. 

Ladies  or  gentlemen,  desirous  of  obtaining  a  thorough  and 
correct  Phrenological  examinations  with  Fowler  and  Wells' 
harts,  will  meet  with  a  respecful  reception  at  his  consulting 
rooms.  Parties  can  depend  upon  a  reliable'delineation  of 
the  character  of  their  intimate  male  or  .female  friends,  by 
presenting  a  clearly  defined  photograph. 

Phrenological  or.  Physiognomical  examinations  without 
charts,'  81.50  ;  with  charts,  from  §2  to  §3. 

INVITATION  TO  INVALIDS 
And  all  persons  who  are  in  any  way  out  of  health,  who  de- 
sire to  know  the  nature  and  causes  of  their  disease,  may 
avail  themselves  of  an  examination  through  phrenology  in 
regard  to  health  free  of  charge,  between  the  hours  of  9  A.  M. 
and  8  p.  M.    Sundays  from  9  a   m.  to  12  M. 


Pocket  Map  of  California  and  Nevada. 

Compiled  from  the  latest  authentic  sources,  by  Chaa. 
Drayton  Gibbs,  C.  E.  This  map  comprises  information 
obtained  from  the  U.  S.  Coast  and  Land,  Whitney's  State 
Geological,  and  Railroad  Surveys;  and  from  the  results  of 
explorations  made  by  R.  S.  Williamson,  U.  S.  A.,  Henry 
Degroot,  C.  D.  Gibbs  and  others.  The  scale  is  18  miles  to 
1  inch.  It  gives  the  Judicial  and  U.  S.  Land  Districts. 
It  distinguishes  the  Townships  and  their  subdivisions;  the 
County  Seats;  The  Military  Posts;  the  Railroads  built  and 
proposed,  and  the  limits  of  jsome  of  them;  the  occurrence ' 
of  gold,  silver,  copper,  quicksilver,  tin,  coal  and  oil.  It 
has  a  section  showing  the  bights  of  the  principal  moun- 
tains. The  boundaries  are  clear  and  unmistakable,  and 
the^print  good.  1878.  Sold  by  DEWEY  &  CO.  Price, 
postpaid,  §2;  to  subscribers  of  this  journal,  until  further 
notice,  $1. 


DIVIDEND    NOTICE. 

The  German  Savings  and  Loan  Society. 

For  the  half  year  ending  this  date,  the  Board  of  Direc^ 
tors  of  THE  GERMAN  SAVINGS  AND  LOAN  SOCIETY 
has  declared  a  Dividend  on  Term  Deposits  at  the  rate  of 
seven  and  one-half  (71)  per  cent,  per  annum,  and  on  Ordi- 
nary Deposits  at  the  rate  of  six  and  one-fourth  (6})  per 
cent,  per  annum,  free  from  Federal  Taxes,  and  payable  on. 
and  after  the  16th  day  of  January,  1879.     By  order. 

GEORGE  LETTE,  Secretary. 

San  Francisco,  December  31st,  1873, 


February  r,  1879. j 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


75 


Metallurgy  apd  Ore?. 

Nevada    Metallurgical    Works, 

No   23   STEVENSON  STREET. 

Near  First  ami  Mark.jt   ^trccta. 

Ores  worked  by  any  proceea. 

Ores  sampled. 

Assaying  in  all  its  branches. 

Analysis  of  Ores,  Minerals,  Waters,  etc 

\S'"I:kim:  TBI!  u.U'K. 

IMaus  furnished  for  the  niost  suitable  process 
tor  working  Ores. 

Special  attention  paid  to  Examinations  of 
Mines;  plans  and  reports  furnished. 

E.  HTJHN, 

C.  A.  LUCKHABDT, 
Mining  Engineers  and  Metallurgists 


JOHN  TAYLOR  &  CO., 

Importers  of  and  Dealers  in 

ASSAYERS'   MATERIALS, 

CHEMICAL  APPARATUS  AND  CHEMICALS,  DRUU 
GISTS'  GLASSWARE  AND  SUNDRIES,  Etc. 

512  &  518  Washington  St.,  San  Francisco 


Wl- w.mld  call  the  special  attention  of  Assayera,  Chem 
isld,  Mini  1  ik'  (.'niiipanies,  Milliny  Companies,  Prospectors 
etc,  to  our  stock  of  Clay  Crucibles,  Muttlcs,  Dry  Cups, 
etc  ,  manufactured  by  the' Patent  Plumbago  Cruci- 
ble Co.,  of  London,  England,  f«>r  which  wa  have 

been  inadu  Sulf  Agent*  for  the  Pacific    Coast.     Circulars 
with  prices  will  be  stent  upon  application. 
Mr  1,  to  our  large  and  welt  adapted  stock  of 

Assayers'  Materials  &  Chemical  Apparatus, 

Having  been  engaged  in  furnishing  these  supplies  since 
the  first  discovery  of  mines  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 

•KFOur  Gold  and  Silver  Tables,  showing  tlio  value  per 
ounce  Troy  at  different  degrees  of  fineness,  and  valuable 
tables  for  compulation  ol  assays  in  grains  and  grammes, 
will  be  sent  free  upon  application. 

JOHN    TAYLOR    &    CO. 


LEOPOLD    KUH, 

(Formerly  of  the  U,  S.  Branch  Hint,  S.  F.) 

Assayer    and    Metallurgical    Chemist, 

No.  611  COMMERCIAL  STREET, 
(Between  Montgomery  and  Kearny.) 

San  Francisco,  Cal. 


OTTOKAR  HOFMANN, 
METALLURGIST  and  MINING  ENGINEER, 

415  Mission  St.,  bet.  First  and  Fremont  Streets, 
SAN    FRANCISCO. 
£2TErection  of  Leaching    Works  a  Specialty. 
£5TLeaching  Tests  made. 


TKOS.   PRICE'S 

Assay    Office    and    Chemical 
Laboratory, 

524  Sacramento  St.,  S.  F. 
O.  P.  Dkbtkkn.  Wm.  E.  Smith, 

PIONEER    REDUCTION   WORKS, 

No.  19  Channel  Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal 
G.  F.  DEETKEN,  MANAGER. 

Hghcst  price  paid  for  GOLD,  SILVER  and  Copper  Ores. 


ELECTRIC   LIGHT. 

BRUSH    PATENT. 
The  Best,  Cheapest,  Cleanest,  and  Most  Powerful  Light  in  the  World 

In  daily  use  at  the  Palace  Hotel  and  the  Union  Iron  Works,  S.  P. 


METALLURGICAL    WORKS, 
STRONG    &    CO.,   10  Stevenson   Street, 

ORES  SAMPLED,  TESTED,  ASSAYED. 


For  Lighting  Mines,  Factories,  Mills,  Streets, 
Theaters,  Public  Halls,  Etc ,  It  has  no  Equal, 
either  for  Brilliancy  or  Cheapness. 

For  further  particulars,  Catalogues,  Prices,  Etc., 
apply  to 

WILLIAM    KERR, 

President  S.  P.  Telegraph  Supply  Co., 

903  Battery  St.,  San  Francisco. 

In  consequence  of  spurious  imitations  of 

LEA    AND    PERRINS'    SAUCE, 

•which  are  calculated  to  deceive  the  Public,  Lea  and  Perrins 
have  adopted  A  NEW  LABEL,  bearing  their  Signature, 
thus, 

which  is  placed  on  every  bottle  of  WORCESTERSHIRE 
SA  UCE,  and  without  which  none  is  genuine. 

Ask  for  LEA  &  PERRINS'  Sance,  and  see  Name  on  Wrapper,  Label,  Bottle  and  Stopper. 
Wholesale  and  for  Export  by  the  Proprietors,  Worcester ;  Crosse  and  B.'ackwell,  London, 
&c,  drv.  /  and  by  Grocers  and  Oilmen  throv  hont  the  World. 

To  be  obtained  of  CROSS  &  CO..  San  Prancisco. 


SAVE    YOUR    GOLD! 


GU  I  DO     KUSTEL,     . 

MINING  ENGINEER  and  METALLURGIST 

P.    0     Addres3:    ALAMEDA,     CAL. 

Contents  of  Pamphlet  on  Public  Lands  of 
California,  U.  S.  Land  Laws,  Map  of 
California  and  Nevada,  Etc. 

Map  of  California  and  Nevada ;  The  Public 
Lands;  The  Land  Districts;  Table  of  Rainfall  in  Califor- 
nia; Counties  and  Their  Products;  Statistics  of  the  State 
at  Large. 

Instructions  of  the  U.  S.  Land  Commis- 
sioners.— Different  Classes  of  Public  Lands;  How  Lands 
may  be  Acquired;  Fees  of  Land  Office  at  Location;  Agri- 
cultural College  Scrip;  Pre-emptions;  Extending  the 
Homestead  Privilege;  But  One  Homestead  Allowed;  Proof 
of  Actual  Settlement  Necessary;  Adjoining  Farm  Home- 
steads; Lands  for  Soldiers  and  Sailors;  Lands  for  Indians; 
Fees  of  Land  Office  and  Commissions;  Laws  to  Promote 
Timber  Culture;  Concerning  Appeals;  Returns  of  the  Reg- 
ister and  Receiver;  Concerning  Mining  Claims;  Second 
Pre-emption  Benefit. 

Abstract  from  the  TJ.  S.  Statutes.— The  Law 
Concerning  Pre-emption;  Concerning  Homesteads;  Amend- 
atory Act  Concerning  limber;  Miscellaneous  Provision?: 
Additional  Surveys;  Land  for  Pre-emption;  List  of  Cal*' 
ornia  Post  Offices.     Price,  post  paid,  50  cts. 

Published  and  sold  bv  DEWEY  &  CO.,  S.  F 


Highly  Important  to  Miners  and  Quartz  Mill  Men! 

0 

SILVER  PLATED  COPPER  AMALGAMATING  PLATES. 

The  BEST  PEOCESS  yet  discovered  for    SAVING  FINE  GOLD.     Extensively  used  in 
Mines  and  Quartz  Mills.     Over  five  hundred  orders  have  been  filled  for  these  Plates. 

SAN  FRANCISCO  GOLD,  SILVER,  NICKEL  AND  COPPER  PLATING  WORKS, 

Nos.  653  and  655  Mission  Street,  San  Francisco. 

E.    G.    DENNISTON,       --------      PROPRIETOR. 


Address,  FKASEB,  CH-A-LIMEHS  »st  CO..  Cliie»ilo, 


Take  the  Paper  that  stands  by  your  In- 
terests. 


D    F    HUTCHINGS.  E.  M.  DUNNE.  J-  SANDERSON 

ZFHZCEIETIX:    OIL    "WOIR/IKS, 

HUTCHINGS    &     CO., 

OIL    and    COMMISSION    MERCHANTS, 

Manufacturers  and  Dealers  in  Sperm,  Whale,  Lard,  Machinery  and  Illuminating  Oils. 
517    FRONT   STREET     SAN    FRANCISCO. 


Itachijiery. 


PACIFIC  MACHINERY  DEPOT. 
H.    P.    GREGORY    &    CO., 

Cor.  California  &  Market  Streets,  S.  F.  Cal 
Importers  or  and  Dealers  in 

Machinery  of  all  Descriptions. 

SOLE  AGENTS  FOR  PACIFIC  COAST  FOR 

J.  A.  Fay  &  Co.'s  Woodworking  Machinery, 

Bement  &  Sons'  Machinists'  Tools, 

Blake's  Patent  Steam  Pumps, 

N.  Y.  Belting  &  Packing  Co.'s  Rubber  Goods 

Sturtevant  Blowers  and  Exhaust  Fans, 

Tanite  Co.'s  Emery  Wheels  and  Machinery 

Payne's  Vertical  Engines  and  Boilers, 

Judson's  Standard  Governors, 

Dreyfus'  Self  Oilers, 

Gould  Manufacturing  Co.'s  Hand  Pumps, 

Piatt's  Patent  Fuse  Lighters, 

Lovejoy's  Planer  Knives. 

A    PULL    LINK  OP 

Belting,  Packing,  Hose,  and  Other 
Mill  and  Mining-  Supplies  on  Hand. 

£3TSend  for  Illustrated  Catalorrue. 
J.  Thomson.  c.  H.  Evans 

THOMSON   &   EVANS, 

(Successors  to  Thomson  &  Parker.) 

Engineers  and  Machinists. 


o     p 

sho 


m. 


h£ 

.  ~-\ 

ftp 

■  ■  :.\ 

<p   bJ 

U£3 

"*!    CD 

E  a 

m 

p 

8S 

•rii^gm 

to  g 
p. 

a     •O  \~sim    evans 
a    s  ■  ■ 

Steam  Pumps,  Steam  Engines,  Hoisting, 

Pumping,  Quartz  Mill,  Mining,  Saw 

Mill   Machinery,   Specialties. 

Plans  and  Specifications  for  Machinery  furnished.     Re- 
pairing promptly  attended  to. 

110  &  112  Beale  St.,  San  Francisco. 

FOR    S^XjIE. 


SEVERAL  SECOND-HAND 

PORTABLE   ENGINES, 

FOR  SALE  CHEAP. 

Sizes,  from  eight   horse-power   to  twenty-five   horse- 
power.   IN  PERFECT  RUNNING  ORDER.    Apply  to 

JOSEPH  ENRIGHT, 

San  Jose,  California. 


THE  IMPROVED  O'HARRA 

OHLORIDIZING  FURNACE. 

Patented  Sept.  10th,  1878. 

Now  in  Operation  at  the  Extra  Mining-  Co.'s 
"Works,  Copper  City,  Shasta  Co.,  Cal. 

Two  men  and  two  cords  of  wo  jd  roast 

forty  Tons  of  Ore  in  Twenty-four  Hours, 

Giving  a  full  chlorination  (100%)  at  a  coBt  of  30  cents  per 
on.     Address, 

O'HARRA    &    FERGUSON, 
Furnaceville,  Shasta  Co.,  Cal 

Or  CHAS-  W.  CRANE,  Agent, 

Room  10,  Safe  Deposit  Building-,  San  Francisco. 


507  Mechanical  Movements. 

Every  mechanic  Should  have  a  copy  of  Brown's  607  Me- 
chanical Movements,  illustrated  and  described.  Inventors, 
model  makers  and  amateur  mechanics  and  Btudents,  will 
find  the  work  valuable  far  beyond  its  cost.  Sold  by 
Dbwet  &  Co.,  Patent  Ag-entB  and  publishers  of  Miwma 
and  Scientific  Press,  San  Francisco.  Price,  $1,  (post  paid. 


76 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS 


[February  I,  1879. 


[Continued  from  Page  69.] 
week  more  their  new  tramway  will  be  com- 
pleted and  the  ore  will  be  conveyed  from  the 
mine  to  the  mill  in  cars  at  a  cost  of  about  30 
cents  per  ton,  and  this  will  enable  Mr.  Crane  to 
keep  the  mill  running  day  and  night,  regardless 
of  the  weather.  This  company  will  soon  have 
their  smelting  furnace  ready  for  business,  after 
which  the  stockholders  may  soon  look  for  divi- 
dends, as  this  is  sure  to  be  one  of  the  best  min- 
ing properties  on  the  coast,  having  more  good 
ore  now  in  sight  than  the  company's  mill  can 
reduce  in  two  years.  At  the  Northern  Light 
everything  is  moving  along  finely  under  Super- 
intendent Dunn,  who  is  making  the  best  of 
progress  with  his  new  tunnel,  and  everybody  is 
waiting  anxiously  for  this  company  to  cut  the 
ledge  at  tbis  depth,  which  is  sure  to  open  up  a 
wonderful  body  of  ore.  The  tunnel  in  the 
Winthrop  is  being  pushed  forward,  and  when 
■this  company  cuts  their  ledge,  they  will  have 
'inorv.  good  ore  above  them  than  a  20-stamp  mill 
■can  reduce  in  five  years.  There  are  many  other 
valuable  prospects  that  only  require  a  few  hun- 
dred dollars'  worth  of  work  done  upon  them  to 
place  them  among  the  foremost  mines  of  the  dis- 
trict, as  the  surface  outcrop  and  assays  are  ex- 
tremely favorable. 
SISKIYOU. 

Cold  Weather. — Yreka  Journal,  Jan.  20  : 
'The  low  temperature  that  has  prevailed  here, 
has  for  the  time  being  put  a  pretty  effectual 
■check  to  mining  operations  of  most  kinds.  For 
over  a  month  past  we  have  had  colder  weather 
than  during  any  winter  since  1856,  the  ther- 
mometer having  been  below  zero  on  two  or 
three  mornings,  and  most  of  the  time  but  little 
above.  In  1856,  the  thermometer  showed  8° 
below  zero  on  one  morning  at  the  old  Yreka 
hotel,  corner  of  Miner  and  Second  streets,  and 
there  was  good  sleighing  nearly  all  winter,  a 
heavy  snow  storm  having  occurred  on  Christmas 
day,  1855.  In  1852,  there  was  even  still  colder 
weather  and  more  snow.  We  have  had  more 
snow  during  other  winters  since  1856  than  the 
present,  but  the  weather  did  not  remain  as  cold 
for  so  long  a  period.  For  the  past  month,  we 
have  had  a  regular  Eastern  winter  instead  of  a 
California  winter,  with  its  changeable  weather 
and  snow  and  rain  together. 
TUOLUMNE. 

The  Mines. — Independent.,  Jan.  25  :  Capt., 
Lombardo  has  struck  '  'good  rock"  in  the 
Louisiana  mine,  a  three-foot  vein,  showing 
free  gold  iu  several  places  along  it.  The  "last 
shot"  in  the  Spring  Gulch  mine  blew  out  rock 
that  will  go  $20  to  the  pound.  This  is  a  good 
mine — the  rock  averaging,  heretofore,  $15  per 
ton.  Should  a  strong  company  get  hold  of  this 
■mine,  they  would  find  it  a  paying  investment. 
It  is  rumored  that  D.  T.  Hughes  is  about  to  start 
up  the  Patterson  mine  again,  at  Tuttletown  ; 
and  that  arrangements  to  that  effect  are  now 
beiug  made.  The  vigorous  working  of  this 
valuable  mine  would  help  brighten  times  at  this 
end  of  the  country.  It  is  said  that,  last  week, 
Tom  White  and  Jim  Gillis  pounded  some  rich 
rock  from  their  mine,  at  Tuttletown.  The 
hand-mortar  in  which  the  rock  was  "milled" 
yielded  some  §1,200.  - 
TRINITY. 

THE  Weather. — Journal,  Jan.  25  :  The 
rainfall  at  Weaverville,  to  date,  amounts  to 
10.40  inches.  To  thi3  add  15^  inches  of  snow, 
or  about  1£  inches  of  water  and  we  have  the 
whole  waterfall  of  the  season,  11.64  inches. 
This  will  do  for  a  starter,  and  with  what  may 
be  expected  hereafter,  renders  the  mining  pros- 
pect for  the  season  pretty  good. 

NEVADA. 

WASHOE  DISTRICT. 

Sierra  Nevada.— Gold  Hill  News,  Jan.  29: 
The  south  incline  below  the  2200  level  is  now 
down  to  the  2300,  at  which  point  a  station  will 
be  opeued  and  the  main  incline  will  then  be  con- 
tinued on  down  to  the  2400  level.  Just  now 
the  little  donkey-engine  at  that  winze  has  all  it 
can  do  to  hoist  the  rock  while  sinking  the 
winze  and  running  the  north  drift  on  the  2200' 
level.  As  sinking  the  winze  to  get  down  on  the 
ore  body  is  by  far  the  most  important  portion  of 
the  work,  it  will  be  pressed  ahead  with  all  the 
vigor  possible.  During  the  first  part  of  the 
week  the  incline  passed  out  of  the  hard  rock 
and  cut  into  what  appears  to  be  another  spur 
from  the  ore  vein,  showing  good  ore  along  with 
cap-rock,  and  other  indications  of  the  most 
favorable  character.  The  north  drift  on  the 
2200  level  is  advancing  at  the  rate  of  three  feet 
per  day,  the  face  in  good  running  ground. 
There  now  appears  to  be  but  little  danger  of 
finding  water  on  this  level  until  the  connection 
with  the  north  shaft  shall  have  been  completed. 

Ofhir. — The  daily  yield  of  ore  from  the  1600 
and  2000  levels  is  being  gradually  increased  to 
meet  the  increased  crushing  facilities  of  the 
mills  on  the  Carson  river,  which,  owing  to  the 
late  rain  and  snow  storms,  have  been  nearly 
.  doubled. 

Consolidated  Virginia. — The  daily  yield  of 
-ore  is  being  gradually  increased  in  order  to  keep 
pace  with  the  increased  facilities  for  crushing, 
•  caused  by  the  rise  of  water  in  the  Carson  river. 
The  Trench  mill  at  Silver  City  was  added  to 
the  crushing  force  the  first  of  the  week  and  is 
now  running  steadily,  crushing  about  75  tons 
per  day.  The  new  pumps  at  the  2150  station 
of  the  C.  &  C.  shaft  are  in  place,  and  will  be 
ready  to  start  up  in  a  day  or  two  more.  An 
accident  to  one  of  the  hoisting  engines  created  a 
delay  in  the  extraction  of  ore  for  a  day  or  two 
■during  the  first  of  the  week. 

California. — Daily  yield,  280  tons  of  ore, 
which  is   being  crushed  at  the  mill  as  fast'as  it 


is  extracted.  The  ore  stopes  on  the  1700  and 
1600  levels  continue  to  show  well  and  yield 
rich  ore. 

North  Con.  Virginia. — Car-load  after  car- 
load of  the  new  hoisting  and  pumping  machinery- 
is  arriving  almost  daily  on  the  ground  and  is 
being  placed  in  position  ready  for  use  as  fast  as 
the  foundation  pieces  arrive.  The  entire 
machinery  having  been  set  up  at  the  manu- 
factory in  San  Francisco,  and  tried  before  ship- 
ping, there  is  but  little  delay  in  putting  it 
together.  When  the  whole  is  in  place  ready  to 
run  it  will  cover  a  space  40x60  feet,  resting  on 
a  solid  bed  of  masonry  25  to  30  feet  in  depth. 
Sinking  the  main  shaft  is  again  making  better 
speed.  The  tank  station  at  the  1600  level  is 
well  under  way  and  will  soon  be  completed. 

Julia  Con.  — The  flow  of  water  on  the  2000 
level  continues  unabated.  Owing  to  necessary 
repairs  to  the  guides  in  the  main  shaft  but  little 
hoisting  of  water  could  be  accomplished  during 
the  week.  At  the  same  time  a  large  6-inch 
pipe  to  carry  the  compressed  air  from  the  1200 
down  to  the  1800  level  has  been  put  in.  This 
will  greatly  increase  the  driving  and  ventilat- 
ing power  of  both  the  1800  and  2000  levels. 
The  repairs  to  the  main  south  drift  on  the  1800 
level  are  completed,  and  a  large  chamber  is 
being  cut  out  for  a  winze,  which  is  to  be  sunk 
in  the  ore  vein  down  to  the  2000  level.  Portions 
of  the  water  standing  in  the  drifts  on  the  1800 
level  is  disappearing  down  to  the  2000  level. 

Hale  &  Norcross. — The  winze  at  the  Com- 
bination shaft  has  connected  with  the  top  of  the 
large  water  tank  30  feet  below  the  station,  and 
the  pipes  in  the  lightning  drift  are  being  jointed 
together  ready  to  send  the  water  from  the  Hale 
&  Norcross  through  to  the  Combination  shaft. 
Everything  will  be  in  complete  order  and  pump- 
ing in  good  earnest  will  be  commenced  by  to- 
morrow evening  if  nothing  unusual  happens  to 
prevent. 

Choll ar-Combination  Shaft.  — The  water 
has  been  drained  from  the  bottom  of  the  shaft 
and  the  sinking  is  making  good  progress.  The 
flow  of  water  is  quite  strong,  but  is  easily 
handled  by  the  skeets,  the  pumps  only  taking 
the  water  down  to  the  2200  level.  Everything 
is  now  in  complete  readiness,  and  the  pumps 
will  without  doubt  begin  taking  the  water  from 
the  Hale  &  Norcross  and  Savage  by  to-morrow 
evening  or  the  day  after. 

Sutro  Tunnel. — The  chances  are  in  favor  of 
hot  water  being  sent  through  the  tunnel,  from 
the  Hale  &  Norcross  and  Savage  mines  within 
the  next  day  or  two  ;  also,  of  an  injunction  to 
stop  it ;  also,  that  the  pump  columns  of  the 
Requa  or  Combination  shaft  may  raise  the 
water  to  the  surface,  ignoring  the  tunnel 
altogether.  Meanwhile  the  south  lateral  branch 
of  the  tunnel  is  advancing  in  good  working 
ground,  and  will  probably  connect  with  the 
Julia  shaft  inside  of  the  next  two  or  three 
weeks.  Total  length  of  the  branch  to-day, 
1,310  feet. 

Belcher. — Excavation  for  the  water  tanks  at 
the  2560  level  nearly  completed.  Pump-bob  at 
the  S00  level  is  in  place  and  works  well. 

Yellow  Jacket. — New  shaft  has  attained 
the  depth  of  2228  feet,  and  has  just  52  feet 
further  to  go  to  reach  its  connection  with  the 
drift  east  on  the  2200  level  of  the  old  mine. 

Savage. — The  water  still  stands  in  the  main 
incline,  35  feet  below  the  2Q00  station.  Every- 
thing is  now  in  complete  readiness  to  commence 
pumping  the  water  through  to  the  Combination 
shaft.  This  will  be  probably  done  by  to-mor- 
row or  next  day  at  the  farthest. 

Utah, — The  surface  works  are  going  steadily 
forward,  the  sole  plates  are  ready  for  the  re- 
ception of  the  engine  beds,  the  huge  spur  wheel 
is  being  placed,  and  the  pump-rod  will  be  ready 
to  lower  into  the  incline  in  a  very  short  time. 
Sinking  the  main  incline  below  the  1350  level 
is  making  the  usual  fair  rate  of  progress.  It  is 
now  down  275  feet  on  the  slope  below  the  1350 
station. 

Ward. — The  new  hoisting  engines  are  all  on 
the  ground  and  are  being  placed  in  position 
ready  for  service  as  rapidly  as  the  workmen  can 
perform  the  job, 

Gould  &  Curry. — Sinking  the  Osbiston  shaft 
is  making  slow  progress  on  account  of  the 
strong  flow  of  water.     It  is  now  down  428  feet. 

Bullion. — The  face  of  the  north  drift  on  the 
2400  level  is  in  softer  ground,  but  with  no  signs 
of  water.  Sinking  main  incline  three  feet  per 
day. 

Trojan. — Daily  yield,  40  tons  of  ore,  which 
is  being  shipped  to  the  Vivian  mill  on  the  Car- 
son river  for  reduction  as  fast  as  it  is  taken  out. 
The  shipment  of  bullion  up  to  the  22d  instant 
amounted  to  $6,880.30.  The  ore  stopes  on  both 
the  third  and  second  station  levels  are  looking 
well,  and  are  yielding  the  usual  quantity  of 
good  milling  ore. 

The  following  are  a  few  of  the  more  notice- 
able facts  connected  with  the  work  of  explora- 
tion in  progress  elsewhere  along  the  Comstock 
lode  during  the  past  week.  In  the  Morning 
Star,  fine  quartz  with  some  good  ore.  Water 
in  Best  &  Belcher  strong,  and  impedes  sinking. 
In  Mexican,  Overman,  Alta  and  Silver  Hill 
work  is  going  on  as  usual;  machinery,  etc.,  as  a 
general  thing,  working  smoothly  and  well. 

ARIZONA. 

Toombstone  District. — Citizen,  Jan  15: 
There  is  here  no  abatement  of  work,  success  and 
new  arrivals.  The  saw-mill  of  the  Toombstone 
G.  &  S.  M.  Co.  has  been  brought  to  perfect 
working,  and  on  the  14th  they  commenced  in 
earnest  and  are  shipping  lumber  to  the  mill- 
site.  The  saw-mill  is  in  the  Huachuca  moun- 
tains and  the  mill  is  to  be  erected  on  the  San 
Pedro  about  seven  miles  south  of  the  junction 


[  of  Babacomari  creek.  Distance  of  saw-mill  to 
|  quartz-mill,  12  miles,  down  grade;  will  ship 
!  some  10,000  feet  a  day.  The  mill,  which  should 
1  soon  reach  Tuscon  now,  is  to  be  10-stamps, 
The  company  are  at  present  doing  most  work 
;  on  the  Tough  Nut,  and  have  now  exposed  their 
'  fine  ore  body  the  entire  length  of  the  claim. 
On  the  Empire,  Messrs  Hooker  and  Stowe  have 
sunk  about  60  feet,  defining  a  fine  body  of  ore. 
These  gentlemen  have  the  claim  bonded  for  $25,- 
000,  and  from  the  results  of  the  work  already 
done  there  is  every  prospect  for  completion  of 
sale.  Major  Morgan's  Merrimac  is  developing 
a  fine  ledge  as  work  progresses.  Mr.  McCann 
is  at  work  on  the  Head  Center  claim,  owned  by 
Messrs.  Carpenter,  Handy  and  others,  with 
flattering  prospects.  This  claim  is  j  ust  north 
of  the  Contention  and  adjoins  it.  Then,  we 
believe,  comes  the  Tranquility,  then  the  Tough 
Nut;  the  fortunate  owners  of  the  Head  Center 
have  undoubtedly  got  a  good  property.  The 
Brunswick  mine  is  looking  fine.  It  has  been 
well  prospected  by  two  shafts  and  there  are. 
about  a  thousand  tons  of  galena-silver  ore  on 
the  dump.  The  superintendent,  Mr,  Ackerson, 
should  be  here  this  week,  and  upon  his  arrival 
some  10  to  20  tons  of  ore  will  be  shipped  to  San 
Francisco  per  contract  with  Messrs.  Edwards  & 
Brown.  The  ore  will  be  tested  and  will  decide 
the  character  of  the  reduction  works  to  be 
immediately  thereupon  erected  at  the  mine. 
In  the  meantime  work  will  be  steadily  pros- 
ecuted. The  mine  was  purchased  for  the  com- 
pany last  summer  by  Mr.  R.  H.  Stretch. 

The  Juniper  Range. — Enterprise,  Jan.  18: 
Reports  touching  the  new  finds  here  are  en- 
couraging. The  ledges  are  all  large  and  well- 
defined,  and  crop  out  strongly,  some  of  them 
for  miles.  Shafts  have  been  sunk  on  several  of 
them  to  depths  of  15  to  20  feet,  and  good  assays 
obtained  from  the  ore.  Wood  and  water  is 
plentiful  and  the  camp  is  eaBy  of  access.  This 
section  of  our  county  has,  up  to  the  present 
time,  been  almost  neglected  by  prospectors,  but 
after  these  rich  finds,  we  may  expect  a  rush  to 
the  Juniper  range. 

Tucson  Mines. — Star,  Jan.  9:  The  Bushell 
mine  is  showing  some  high  grade  ore.  There 
are  8,000  to  10,000  tons  of  ore  iu  sight  in  the 
mine,  and  the  vein  averages  about  three  feet  six 
inches  all  the  way  down.  On  the  St.  Louis 
they  are  running  crosscuts  eaoh  way  at  a  depth 
of  50  feet.  On  the  south  side  have  cut  into 
the  vein  about  four  feet,  showing  a  tine  quality 
of  ore.  On  north  side  will  strike  the  vein  at 
about  20  feet.  Water  is  somewhat  bothersome, 
but  they  are  pushing  work.  The  Forsythe  and 
Rickard  mines  have  just  been  incorporated  and 
work  commenced  on  them.  They  have  a  pretty 
vein  of  20  to  2S  inches  of  good  metal  on  the 
Forsythe  and  a  four-foot  vein  on  the  Rickard. 
Silver  District. — Expositor,  Jan.  18:  Glow- 
ing accounts  reach  us  from  this  locality.  The 
district  is  60  miles  from  Yuma  by  way  of  Castle 
Dome  landing  on  the  south  side  of  the  Colo- 
rado river;  but  by  crossing  the  river  at  Yuma 
and  going  by  way  of  the  Picacho  mill  and  again 
crossing  the  river,  the  distance  is  not  more  than 
30  to  33  miles.  The  mines  of  this  district  are 
situated  from  one  to  seven  miles  from  the  Colo- 
rado river,  and  the  ores  are  nearly  all  argtntif- 
erous  galena.  The  country  from  the  bank  of 
the  river  affords  every  facility  for  good  wagon 
roads,  so  that  four  men  in  from  two  to  four 
days,  can  make  a  practicable  wagon  road  to  any 
of  the  mines  yet  discovered. 


with  the  load  of  a  drouth  upon  her  back.  Happily 
this  is  not. to  be;  and  the  widely-distributed 
rainfall  will  enable  all  parts  of  our  State  to  vie 
!  with  each  other  to  secure  their  quotas  of  de- 
'  sirable  citizens.  California  will  greet  her  guests 
with  a  broadside  of  prosperity. 

To  all  the  diverse  interests  of  our  State,  as 
well  as  to  the  tillers  of  the  soil,  the  word  will 
be:  "Go  forward."  To  legitimate  mining  enter- 
prises, valuable  as  they  are  to  the  agriculturist 
in  building  up  new  local  avenues  of  consump- 
tion, there  will  come  increased  confidence  and 
capital.  One  would  think  that  the  experience 
of  the  last  few  months,  if  not  former  disasters, 
would  lead  the  people  toward  the  true  and  real 
instead  of  trusting  to  the  sure  destruction  of 
street-mining  in  San  Francisco.  It  cannot  but 
be,  that  the  influence  of  a  good  year  in  our  pro- 
ducing interest,  will  be  to  attract  toward  the 
rewards  of  legitimate  industry,  which  will  be 
seen  on  every  hand  ;  for  all  kinds  of  legitimate 
business  will  be  stimulated  and  pushed  forward. 
Manufactures  will  assume  new  life  and  new  ones 
will  be  founded.  Commerce  will  plume  its 
wings  for  new  flights,  and  all  the  satisfaction  of 
work  well  done  will  come  to  the  lot  of  our  wide- 
awake and  progressive  people. 


Outlook  for  the  Year. 

The  days  are  filled  with  occasions  for  rejoic. 
ings.  Since  Wednesday  evening  a  week  ago 
the  rains  have  descended  in  copious  measures 
upon  parts  of  our  State  which  have  been  linger- 
ing in  the  regions  of  drouth  and  despondency. 
The  downfall  has  been  most  gentle  and  the 
thirsty  earth  has  gained  it  all,  until,  in  some 
parts,  it  is  reported  that  the  water  from  above 
has  reached  the  moisture  from  below,  and  the 
circle  of  assured  production  is  complete.  This 
is  a  theme  for  thanks  beyond  expression;  for 
both  in  its  immediate  results  and  in  indirect  in- 
fluences the  surety  of  crops  this  year  is  of  un- 
told advantage   to  our  State. 

The  indirect  advantages  to  our  State  of  a 
prosperous  year,  just  at  this  time,  are  very 
marked.  The  tendency  toward  the  reduction 
of  the  large  holdings,  by  sales  on  easy  terms  to 
small  purchasers  will  be  wonderfully  promoted. 
Half  a  dozen  or  more  enterprises,  which  look 
directly  toward  increasing  the  number  of  our 
proprietary  producers,  will  be  pushed  forward 
with  vigor,  and  those  who  have  already  newly 
embarked  upon  the  work  of  making  new  homes, 
will  find  the  skies  brightened  over  them  and 
labor  lightened  by  its  rewards.  It  is  reported 
from  the  East  that  the  clouds  of  protracted  de- 
pression and  "hard  times"  are  surely  lifting, 
California" has  never  entered  the  dark  valley  as 
deeply  as  her  Atlantic  sisters,  and  she  will  be 
the  quickest  to  answer  the  call  to  retreat  toward 
the  light,  if  local  conditions  are  but  favorable. 
Again,  the  industrial  depression  in  Europe  is 
said  to  be  giving  many  men  there  the  resolution 
to  cast  their  lot  with  the  nation  which-  is  now 
the  world's  favorite,  the  United  States  of 
America,  The  statistics  of  immigration  at 
Castle  Garden,  New  York,  for  the  last  few 
months,  show  that  a  tide  which  has  long  been 
unusual  there,  is  rising.  The  claims  of  the 
States  will  be  carefully  scrutinized  by  the  more 
intelligent  of  this  throng  of  incomers,  and  Cali- 
fornia would  cut  but  a  sorry  figure  in  their  view 


News  in  Brief. 

_  Salmon  are  very  abundant  in  the  Russian 
river. 

Colonel  Ingersoll  made  $26,000  by  lectur 
ing  last  year. 

Prospecting  for  gold  and  silver  is  going  on 
within  two  and  a  half  miles  of  Calistoga. 

Twelve  tramps,  ranging  from  12  to  40  years 
of  age,  were  taken  in  atMarysville  by  policemen 
lately. 

About  600,000  tons  of  coal  have  been  shipped 
from  Astoria  to  San  Francisco  during  the  last 
year. 

Subscriptions  to  the  new  four  per  cent,  loan 
are  being  made  at  the  rate  of  about  $12,000,000 
per  day. 

The  water  in  the  Straits  of  Gibraltar,  at  the 
depth  of  670  fathoms,  is  four  times  as  salt  as  at 
the  surface. 

The  Coquille  river  was  frozen  over  at  a  point  - 
near  its  mouth  during  the  late  frost,  the  first 
time  for  many  years. 

A  Prague  chemist  has  invented  a  mirror 
which  reveals  the  contents  of  wine  casks  with- 
out removing  the  heads. 

An  English  paper  says  that  American-made 
lamps  are  more  elegantly  designed,  and  better 
finished,  than  their  own.      ° 

Dye  and  Anderson,  the  murderers  of  Tullis, 
have  been  sentenced  to  be  hanged  at  Sacramento 
on  the  13th  day  of  March  next. 

W.  T.  Tevis,  a  hunter  of  Petaluma,  is  said 
to  have  earned  $350  in  one  month  this  season 
shooting  quail  for  this  market. 

Portions  of  the  interior  press  earnestly  ad- 
monish the  farmers  to  avoid,  as  far  as  possible, 
running  into  debt  at  the  country  stores. 

M.  De.  Lesseps  has  declared  the  flooding  of 
the  desert  of  Sahara  practicable.  Important 
Roman  remains  have  just  been  discovered  there. 

The  Santa  Barbara  Press  thinks  that  the 
question  of  "pipe  lines"  will  soon  become  an 
important  one  in  the  oil  belt  of  southern  Cali- 
fornia. 

Gen.  Bidwell  is  having  arranged,  under  his 
own  supervision,  an  immense  poultry -yard, 
which  is  to  cover  over  100  acres  of  land,  near 
Chico. 

The  honey  crop  of  San  Diego  county  in  1878 
was  more  than  787  tons.  San  Diego  county 
produces  more  honey  than  all  the  rest  of  the 
State  taken  together. 

Every  tenth  person  in  a  Hungarian  town  of 
20,000  inhabitants  has  recently  been  attacked 
with  diphtheria,  and  927  have  died.  The  mal- 
ady also  prevails  in  Vienna. 

The  weather  in  Great  Britain  continues  se- 
vere, and  the  number  of  distressed  poor  is 
greatly  increased.  In  Paris  traffic  is  almost 
suspended  on  account  of  the  snow. 

There  are  272  telephone  stations  under  the 
direction  of  the  German  post-office  authorities. 
The  instruments  work  perfectly  over  lines  50 
kilometers  long — say  32  miles. 

Great  alarm  prevails  in  Europe  concerning 
the  rapid  spread  of  the  black  plague,  and  the 
most  energetic  measures  are  being  taken  to  con- 
fine it  to  the  regions  already  infected. 

The  banks  of  Montana  paid  $63,000  in  express 
charges  on  gold  and  silver  bullion  shipped  out 
in  1878,  and  the  weight  of  the  express  matter 
brought  into  the  Territory  was  500,000  pounds. 

The  Oakland  Times  believes  that  the  policy 
which  has  been  followed  by  the  Regents  of  the 
State  University  since  the  day  of  their  organ- 
ization has  been  far-seeing  and  wise. 

Thirty  years  ago  the  prof ession  of  mining  en- 
gineer was  almost  unknown  in  the  United 
States;  to-day  the  American  Institute  of  Mining 
Engineers  numbers  over  700  members. 

France  forbids  the  manufacture  or  sale  of 
earthenware,  whether  French  or  foreign -glazed, 
with  a  layer  of  lead  oxide  melted  or  imperfectly 
vitrified,  and  so  liable  to  yield  lead  to  weak 
acids. 

Engineers  of  steamships  have  found  that  the 
best  lubricants  are  glycerine  for  the  cylinders 
and  castor-oil  for  the  bearings.  When  castor- 
oil  is  used  the  main  bearings  seldom  become 
heated. 

Thus  far  the  borings  on  the  French  coast  in 
connection  with  the  proposed  English  Channel 
tunnel  confirm  the  possibility  of  the  execution 
of  the  scheme.  The  geological  cousiderations 
are  all  favorable. 


February  i,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


Stents  and  ^inventions 


List  of  u. 


S.  Patents  Issued  to  Pacific 
Coast  Inventors. 


[From  Om&Al  Kbpuktm  »ur  tub  Uunira  and  Boiumni 
I'mwi,   DKWKY  4  CO  ,   I'i  nuwimut  and  U.  S. 

Jjni    FORItlLN    PJTD1   AOSSTB.  ] 

By  Speci&l  Dispatch  from  Washington.  D.  C. 

111,767  — Kacnnti  roi  Cuunva  Fibbh    t.  HcAuley, 

1  in.  28,  1879 
311,774    c.MiKK-HKi-  IaWatu  Blbvatob  -John  i'n- 
tt-ti,  Spruce  Mountain    N'-',  .    1  .1      '•.  1*79. 

111,772      -ArPAUTUl    TOI    Wi-nr...  CllbOSIDUU  OEM 

i>  J.  O'HBm,  Bono,  Nei  .  Jm.  28,  1^7°. 

II,   Riverside,  Cal., 
Jan.  2S,  1879. 

211.760  -Botaei  Vacuum  Exoikh  l.  it  Laurence, 
UoDtfcellu  Cal.,  Jm   -■*.  1879; 

DiAFUJUOiu  "tR  Ou  Porhacbs,  U   U  Has- 
Uns,  QnemerUle,  QbI  ,  Jan,  28,  187ft 

211,721.   -NOB-ODBBODIBLB    OOVMemOM  K)K  QUICKSILVER 

U  -H.  II.  Barnes,  8,  F  ,  Jan.  28,  1870. 
211,890.     BoBflfl   Rakk— Abby  it  Brammcr,  Lircrniore, 
Cal-,  Jan    28,  1>7;». 

APPARATUS    PORWABIIOia    WD    AiUIiOAHATUta 

Obh    G  Dahem.8.  P.,  Fob.  4,1879. 

8U.017.— Wabtb  Pifi,  Ctrr-on  ami  Valvb— Lev&kc  & 
Grubb,  S.  F.,  Feb.  4.  1879. 

211,883.— Hoisting  Kkoistbr— H.  C.  Behr,  Virginia 
City,  Ht\  ,  Fob.  1,187ft. 

211,8811  -Railway  TRACK  -A.  Bowman,  Seattle,  W.  T-, 
Feb.  i,  1879.       


GENERAL   MERCHANDISE. 

IWBOUUH.1 

Wbdnkmdat  m..  January  25.  1879. 
B.iCX     Jobbing.  PbuMr.  Gultloii 

Ena  SUn.lard  Whe»t.  9  •*  D|     G.WMIUl....  3  00  <S  3  2.' 
N    fill'       '  L»u»l  rift*t«r,  tn  10  Ou        - 

Uniid  S«»eJ,  J2J38..  '•  MILS. 

2fx3u a      Anted  tlzs.k<x?  .*  <g  J  00 

23i» ..... 

i  9|  ,,„„.„  ni.,   .' ■ 

■     

Ki«litli» .v» 

Hg&LWtoob...  &Sa.... 

JS   "ch flS|   OUw.  1-l.Mf.ilul... 

IL.,,IS,w^3Hb..47..  ! 

M.,..l.i....  a- l  n.  ..,  ivuiuu iO  W      — 


...    NuaWoot,  Nul.l  00  (ft    9ii 

WCaator.  No  l l  in  I 

.1  Q5  ■  .,     - 
Itaker'u  A  A 1  :    @l 


The  "Great  Basin." 

John  Muir,  lectured  on  "The  Great  Basin," 
at  Sacramento,  January  14th.  He  was  along 
with  the  Coast  Survey  triangulation  party, 
which  worked  last  summer  botweeu  the  Sierra 
Nevada  and  the  Rocky  mountains.  Whether 
he  has  a  large  audience  or  a  small  one,  Muir  is 
equally  certain  to  entertain  it.  In  this  in- 
stance it  was  quite  a  large  one,  including  the 
Literary  lnstituto  of  Sacramento  ;  and  he 
kept  it  in  close  attention  for  two  hours.  "  Mr. 
Muir,"  says  the  Record- Union,  "is  a  simple, 
unskilled  talker,  a  man  who  lives  in  the  free 
air  of  the  mountains,  and  whose  highest  ambi- 
tion is  to  delve  into  the  wondrous  mysteries  of 
nature.  He  talks  to  his  audience  simply,  as  if 
speaking  to  a  small  circle  of  friends." 

This  falls  as  far  short  of  doing  him  justice  in 
one  way,  as  the  oft  repeated  allusion  to  him  as 
a  "distinguished  geologist,"  overrates  him  in 
another.  He  lays  claim  to  nothing  of  the  sort. 
Muir,  is  a  poet  and  a  philosopher,  a  rare 
conversationalist,  and  a  skillful  writer  ;  withal 
a  naturalist,  and  a  geologist  of  modest  preten- 
sions with  a  good  deal  of  merit,  but,  especially, 
entitled  to  the  great  credit  of  interesting  every- 
one in  his  subject.  He  is  truly,  as  has  been 
said,  the  "Thoreau  of  the  Sierra,"  and  like 
Lassen,  the  Pioneer  ;  Marshal,  the  Gold  Finder; 
Adams,  the  Grizzly  Bear  ;  Fremont,  the  Hero  ; 
John  Oakhurst,  the  Gambler ;  King,  the 
"Mountaineer;"  Hntchings,  the  "Yusemite 
Man ;"  Whitney,  the  great  "Fisherman  ; " 
Avery,  the  gentle  Word-Painter,  andSeabough, 
of  the  San  Andreas  Independent,  be  has  written 
his  mark  upon  the  olive  blue  and  snowy 
mountain  side  of  the  Californians. 


bine  Bowed,     , 
Standard  GoDnlea....l3  ©H 

llwiu  ISajpt 

(AMM.lv 

OryatalWax 17  <£- 

Eaglu IS  "' 

I'aUmt  Sperm 90@ 

CANNED  GOODS. 
Assorted  Fie  Fruits, 

21  tl>  cans 2  00  rt*    — 

Able  do 3  00  t|    - 

Jama  and  Jellies.  .3  50  <.<*    — 

Pickles,  hf  gal 3  15  jg     — 

Sardim-a.  «(r  box..l  67J(<*1  90 

m   BOXM .2  50  @2  75 

Preserved    B  ee  f, 

2  lb.  doz 4  00  (*    — 

do  Beer,  4  ,b,doz.6  60  ®  — 
Preserved  Muttuu, 

21b.  doz 4  co  ta    — 

Beet  Tongue 6  50  <a   — 

Preserved    Ham, 

2  lb,  doz 6  50  (3   - 

Deviled  Ham.  1  It., 

doz 5  50  @    — 

do  Ham,  *  lb  dot  3  00  @    — 
KliL-.lotihlUR. 

AiiHtraliflu,  ton..  8  00  <» 

Coon  Bay 0  50  as  7  00 

Bellfugham  Bay.  &  50  @ 

.Seattle 6  00  &  6  50 

Cumberland 14  00  {& 

Mt  Diablo 4  75  <f%  tj  00 

Lehigh 13  50  & 

Liverpool 7  50  C<*  8  00 

West  Hartley... 10  50  © 

Scotch 10  50  m 

Scrauton 11  50  («is—  — 

Vaiicouvorld...  7  00  (cb 

Charcoal,  sack...      75  (& 

C'oko.  bbl 60  (ft) 

COFFEE. 

Sandwich  Id,  lb .      —  &— 

Costa  Rica , 

Uoatemala 

Java 

Mautla 

Ground,  in  ca., 

FISH. 

Sac'LoDry  Cod..        H@        5( 
do    io  cases.,        5  (te       U 

Eastern  Cod. . . . @ 

Salmon,  bbla....  8  00  @  9  00 

Hf  bbls 5  00  ^  5  50 

1  lb  cans 1  40  @  1  45 

Pkld  Cod,  bblfi..22  00  @ 

Hf  bbla ...11  00  @ 

Mackerel,  No.  1. 

Hf  BdIb 9  50  @10  50 

In  Kits 1  85  @  2  10 

Er  Mesa 3  25  @ 

Pkld  Herring,  bx  3  00  <§  3  50 

Boston  Smkd  H'g     70  @ 

LIME,  Etc. 

Lime,  Sta  Cruz, 

.   bbl 1  25  @  1  50 

Cement,  Roaen- 

dale 2  00  C*  2  25 

Portland 4  00  & 


Mrs.  Derby,  the  widow  of  that  genial  humor- 
ist, Lieutenant  "John  Phcenix"  Derby,  went  to 
Washington  five  years  ago  with  $60,000,  was 
persuaded  to  invest  it  in  real  estate,  and  has 
lost  it  all,  and  is  said  to  be  on  the  verge  of 
insanity  in  consequence. 


Tub  Dity  of  the  Hour. — Lest  any  reader  should  forget 
jt,  we  mention  tbe  peculiar  fitness  of  the  season  for  re- 
newing old  subaoriptions  and  making  new  o.ics  to  the 
Prbss.  In  going  forward  with  our  journal,  we  need  the 
help  of  our  patrons  both  with  mind  and  money.  Do  not 
forget  to  send  the  printer  his  due,  as  the  aggregate  of 
small  individual  amounts  will  give  him  a  force  that  wil 
make  the  types  fairly  dance  into  the  lines.  We  trust  that 
only  a  hint  will  be  needed  to  rally  the  dollars,  for  with 
them  assured  we  have  a  thousand  themes  to  occupy  our 
columns.  Let  all  step  up  promptly  to  the  Captain's  office 
and  then  we  will  go  out  on  deck  for  another  year's  voyage 
— January  1st,  1879. 


Fresii  attractions  are  constantly  added  to  Wood- 
ward's Gardens,  among  which  is  Prof.  Gruber's  great 
educator,  the  Zoographicon.  Each  department  increases 
daily,  and  the  Pavilion  performances  are  more  popular 
than  ever.  All  new  novelties  find  a  place  at  this  wonder- 
ful resort.     Prices  remain  as  usual. 


Artesian  Wells  Wanted.— Parties  who  are  prepared  to 
contract  for  boring  artesian  wells  are  invited  to  send 
terms  to  Edward  Frisbie,  proprietor  of  the  Reading  Ranch, 
Anderson,  Shasta  County,  Cal. 


Settlers  and  others  wishing  good  farming  lands  for 
sure  crops,  arc  referred  to  Mr.  Edward  Frisbie,  of  Ander- 
son, Shasta  County,  Cal,  who  has  some  15,000  acres  for 

sale  in  the  Upper  Sacramento  valley.     His  advertisement 

appears  from  time  to  time  in  this  paper. 


Examine  theaccelerative  endowment  plan,  as  originated 
by  the  Mutual  Benefit  Life  Insurance  Co.,  of  Newark, 
New  Jersey.  Assets,  5:10,533,429.94.  Lewis  C.  Grover, 
President;  L,  Spencer  Coble,  Vice-President;  Benjamin  C. 
Miller,  Treasurer;  Edward  A.  Strong,  Secretary;  Bloom- 
field  J. .  Miller,  Actuary.  Send  for  circulars  to  James 
Munsoll,  Jr.,  agent  of  insuroi,  224  Sansome  St.,  San 
Francisco. 


Experimental  Machinery,  drawings,  patterns,  models, 
all  kinds  of  electrical  and  telegraphic  apparatus  to  order. 
See  ad.     F.  W.  Fuller,  415  Market  St..  second  floor,  S.  F. 


Henry   R.    Ewald  ia  our  general    correspondent  and 
agent  for  Arizona 


7." 


8  (a    81 


15  @  10 
15  &  16 
23  fa-  20 

17  <| 

25  @ 


. .  75  W 

Cocoanut 55  m 

China  nut,  cs 70  & 

Sperm, 1  40  & 

Coast  Whale* 4U  >•'     - 

Polar IS    S 

Lard 90   

Oleophine 'J.    " 

Devoe'H  Bril't 22  @     % 

«'      - 

Nunpariel 31  @    32 

Eureka is  S    u 

Barrel  keroHene. . .  SO  uj 

Domex  Ker 31 

Elaine 371(9    — 

PAINTS. 
Pure  White  Lead. 

Whiting 1|S 

Putty 4  fit      D 

Chalk ljif     - 

Paris  White 2J(«    — 

Ochre 3J@    — 

Venetian  Red 3J@    — 

Averill         Mixed 

Paint.      gal 

Whit«&tlutB...2  00  @2  40 

Green,  Blue     & 

Ch  Yellow 3  00  @3  50 

Light  Rod 3  00  to-3  50 

Metallic  Roof...  1  30  ©1  60 

BICE. 

China.  Mixed,  lb..      5  @     5) 

Hawaiian 7  @     71 

SALT. 
Cal.  Bay,  ton....  15  00  (#22  50 

Common 10  00  (&12  00 

Carmen  Id 12  00  @M  00 

Liverpool  line...  19  00  <g 

SO  A  P. 

Castile,  lb 10  @    HH 

Common  brands..      41@      6 

Fancy  brands 7  (s      8 

SPICES. 

Cloves,  lb 45  f«    50 

Cassia 22J(o5    25 

Nutmegs 85  (ct    90 

Pepper  Grain 15  &    17 

Pimento 15  @    10 

Mustard,        Cal., 

i  lb  glass 1  50  @    - 

S  AH;  A  It,  ET€. 

Cal.  Cube,  tb 11J@    - 

Powdered lli*f$    — 

Fine  crushed lljtg?    — 

Granulated 11 


9iffC 
70  <■■■ 
26  @ 


Golden  C. 

Cal.  Syrup,  kgs. 

Hawaiian  Mol'saus 
TEA. 

Young  Hyson, 
Moyuno,  etc 27  @    3. 

Country  pekd  Gun- 
powder &  Im- 
perial      50  @    60 

Hyson 30  &    35 

Fooo-Chow  0 35  @    — 

Japan,  1st  quality     10  «*     — 
2d  quality 20  @    25 


Chew  Jacksos's  Best  Sweet  Navy  Tobacco 


METALS. 

[WHOLEHALK. 

Wednesday  m.,  January  29,  1878. 

Ikon.— 

American  Pig,  soft,  ton 23  00  @26  00 

Scotch  Pig,  ton 25  50  @26  50 

American  Whito  Pig,  ton 23  00  <p) 

Oregon  Pig,  ton 26  50  <ab 

Refined  Bar 2j|«*       3 

Horse  Shoes,  keg 5  00  <fP 

Nad  Rod —  ft?        7J 

Norway,  according  to  thickness 6i@        7 

Copper.— 

Sheathing,  lb 34  @      35 

Sheathing,  Yellow 19  @      29 

Sheathing,  Old  Yellow —  (tf- 

Steel.— 

Euglish  Cast,  lb 16  @      17 

Black  Diamond,  ordinary  slzt;B 16  @ 

Drill 16  ft*      17 

Plat  Bar 16  &     19 

Plow  Steel 8  @     12J 

Tin  Plates.— 

10x14  I  C  Charcoal 8J@       9 

10x14  I  C  Coke 7  @       7i 

Banca  Tin 18  (^—  20 

Australian 15l@      17 

Zinc  — 

By  the  Cask 9  @ 

Zinc,  Sheet  7x3  ft.  7  to  10,  lb.  less  than  cawk. .        9$@—  10 

Nails.— 
Assorted  sizes 2  90(83  00 

LEATHER. 

rWHOLKBALK.  | 

Wednesday,  m.,  Jamiary29.  1879. 

Solo  Leather,  heavy,  lb 22  (W      29 

Light 20  @      24 

Jodot,  8KB.,  doz 48  00  @5o  60 

11  tol3Kil 65  00  C«7('  00 

14  tol9Kil 80  00  090  00 

Second  Choice,  11  to  16  Kil 55  00  <W'70  00 

Cornellian,  12  to  16  Kil 57  00  kcG7  00 

Females,  12  to  13  Kil 63  00  @67  00 

14  to  10  Kil 71  00  @76  00 

Simon  Ullrno,  Females,  12  to  13  Kil 58  00  @62  50 

14  to  15  Kil 6G  00  @70  00 

16tol7Kil 72  00  @74  00 

Simon,  18  KU., 61  00  @63  00 

20  KB 65  00  @67  00 

24  Kil 72  00  @74  00 

Robert  Calf.  7  and  9  K1I 35  00  @40  00 

Kins,  French,  lb  1  00  @  I  35 

Cal.  doz 40  00  @60  00 

French  Sheep,  all  colors 8  00  (&15  00 

Eastern  Calf  lor  Backs,  lb 1  00  @  1  25 

Sheep  Roans  for  Topping,  all  colors,  doz 9  00  @13  00 

For  Linings 5  50  @10  50 

al.  Russet  Sheep  Linings 1  75  (a>  4  50 

oot  Legs,  French  Calf,  pair 4  00  @ 

BGood  French  Calf 4  00  @  4  75 

Best  Jodot  Calf 5  00  @  5  25 

eatber,  Harness,  tti 35  (j?     38 

LFair  Bridle,  doz 48  00  (§72  00 

Skirting,  lb 33  @      37 

Welt,  doz 30  00  @50  00 

Butf,  ft 18  @      21 

Wax  Side 17  @      80 


Gold,    Legal    Tenders,    Exchange,    Etc. 

[Corrected  Weekly  bv  Sutro  &  Co.] 

San  Francisco,  January  29,  3  p.  m. 
Silver.  2J@2i.    G3LD  in  New  York,  par. 
Gold  Bajbs,  890@J10.    Silver  Baus,  8(^18  $  cent,  dls 

"  Exchange  on  New  York,  35,  on  London  bankers,  49J@ 
49J  Commercial,  50;  Paris,  five  francs  #  doUa»(  Mexican 
dollars,  S7j@89. 

London  Consols,  94  7-16;  Bonds,  1073. 

Quicksilver  in  S.  F.,  by  the  flask,  V  lb,  40@41c. 


Persons  interested  in  incorporated  shares 
will  do  well  to  recommend  the  publication 
of  the  official  notices  of  their  companies 
in  this  paper,  as  the  cheapest  appropriate 
medium  tor  the  same. 

Cherokee   Flat  Blue  Gravel  Company.— 

LooatloD  of  principal  pi  ice  "(  business,  San  Prani  iseo. 
oi  works,  Cherokee  Flat,  Butte  County,  Cal' 

Uornta, 

Notici.  -There  is  delinquent  upon  the  following  do- 
icrlbod  iftook,  011  aooounl  ol  assossmonl  (No  10),  levied  on 
the  20th  day  of  D01  inber,  1878,  the  suveral  amouote  Bel 
opposite  the  names  ol  the  respective  aharoholdorei  at 
roilows: 

No.  Certificate.     N><.  BhttTOS.       \'ni 

A.  Caasolll 17  1008       |280  40 

1.    Kupsbatim 105  50  2  60 

K  1   PtelfTer 106  430  21  50 

And  in  accordance  with  law,  and  an  order  of  the  Board 
of  Directors,  made  on  the  20tb  day  of  December,  1878,  bo 
many  shares  of  each  parcel  of  Buob  stock  us  may  be  neces- 
sary, will  be  sold  at  public  auction,  at  the  office  of  the 
company,  on  Tuesday,  the  lfith  day  of  February,  ls7it,  at 
llic  lioiir  ot  two  o'clock,  r.  .m  ,  of  Paid  day.  t.»  pay  said 
delinquent  assessment  thereon,  together  with  costs'  of 
advertising  and  expenses  of  the  sale. 

R.  N.   VAN  BRL'NT,  Secretary. 

Otflcc,  No.  318  Pino  Street,  Room  0. 

Griffith  Consolidated  Mill  and  Mining  Com- 

■    pany. --Location  of  principal  place  of  business,  San  Fran- 

cisen,    r.ilif'iniiit      Location   of  works.   Diamond   Springs 

Mining  District,  El  Dorado  County,  California. 

Notice  jh  hereby  given,    that  at  a  meeting  of   the  Board  of 

Trustees,  held  on  the  21st  day  of  January,  1879  an  assessment 

(No.  1)  of  twenty  cents  (20c)  per  share  was   levied  upon  the 

Capital  Stock  of  the  Curporatiun.  payable  immediately  to  the 

Secretary,  at  the  Office  of  che  Company,  Room  48,  330Piue 

Street,  San  Francisco.  California. 

Any  Stock  upon  wbJcb  this  Assessment  shall  remain  un- 
paid on  the  20th  day  of  February,  1S7.\  will  be  delinquent, 
and  advertised  for  sale  at  public  auction;  and  unless  pay- 
ment is  made  before,  will  be  sold  on  Wednesday.  March  26th, 
1879,  to  pay  the  delinquent  assessment,  together  with  costs 
of  advertising  and  expenses  of  sale.  'Byorderof  th;  Board 
ofTrusteeB  GEO,  M.  CONDEE,  Sec'y. 

Office,  Boom  45,  330  Pine  Street.  Ban  fraucjgCO,  California. 

Mariposa  Land  and  Mining  Company  of 

California.— Location  of  principal  place  of  business,  San 
Fraucisro.  California.  Location  of  works,  Mariposa  Coun- 
ty, California. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Directors,  held  mi  the  tenth  day  of  January.  1879,  an  assess- 
ment (No.  15)  of  One  Dollar  per  share  was  levied  upon  tho 
capital  stock  of  the  corporation,  payable  immediatelvin  U.  S. 
currency  to  the  Secretary,  at  the  ofneeof  the  Company,  Room 
33,  Nevada  Block,  No.  309  Montgomery  St.,  San  Francisco, 
Cal.,  or  the  Assistant  Secretary  at  the  office  No.  9  Nassau 
St.,  New  Vork.  N.  Y. 
Any  stock  upon  which  this  assessment  shall  remain  unpaid 
the  twelfth  day  of  February,  1879,  will  be  delinquent,  and 
advertised  for  sale  at  public  auction;  and  unless  payment  is 
made  before,  will  be  sold  on  Wednesday,  the  twelfth  day  of 
March,  1879,  to  pay  the  delinquent  assessment,  together  with 
cost  of  advertising  and  expenses  of  sale.  By  order  of  the 
Board  of  Directors.  LEANDl'.R  LEAVITT,  Sec'y. 

Office,  Room  33.  Nevada  Block,  No.  309  Montgomery  St., 
San  Francisce, tCal , 

Summit    Mining   Company.— Location   of 

Principal  place  of  business,  San  Francisco,  California. 

.Location    of     works,    Mineral   Point  Mining    District, 

Plumas  County,  Cal. 

Notice.—  There  are  delinquent  upon  the  following  de- 
scribed stock,  on  account  of  assessment  (No.  <;,)  levied  on 
the  tilth  day  of  November,  A.  D. ,  1878,  the  several  amounts 
set  opposite  the  names  of  the  respective  shareholders,  as 
follows: 

Names.  No.  Certificate.    No.  Shares.  Amt. 

Boring,  I  C 32  1200        SG0  00 

Bonn,  John 150  200  10  00 

Lehniann,  C 129  2750        137  50 

Lehmann,  C,  Trustee 206  200         10  00 

Lehniann,  C,  Trustee 207  200  10  00 

Storer,  J  F,  Trustee 58  250  12  50 

Schmitz,  F 205  400  20  00 

Turner,  J  W 05  200  10  00 

And  in  accordance  with  law,  and  an  order  of  the  Board  of 
Directors,  made  oh  the  nineteenth  day  of  November,  A.,D. , 
1S7S,  so  many  shares  of  each  parcel  of  such  stock  as  may 
lie  necessary,  will  be  sold  at  public  auction,  at  the  office 
of  the  company,  No.  318  Pine  Btrect,  Room  6,  San  Fran- 
cisco, Cal.,  on  Tuesday,  the  fourth  day  of  February, 
A.  D.,  1879,  at  the  hour  of  three  o'clock  p.  M.,  of  said 
day,  to  pay  said  delinquent  assessment  thereon,  together 
with  costs  of  advertising  and  expenses  of  the  sale. 

R.  N.    VAN  BRUNT,  Sec'y. 

Office.  Room  e.  No.  318  Pine  Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


MANUFACTURED  BY 

HI.    IRO^IEIR,, 

Nos.  855,  857,  859  &  8yl  Bryant  Street,  Cor.  Park  Avenue 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 


At  the  Old  Stand,  Market,  head  o   Front  Street,  S.  F. 


HEMORRHOIDS  OR  PILES, 

A  treatise  on  their  scientific  treatment  and  radiaal  cure, 
byE.  J.  FRAZER,  M.  D,,  San  Francisco.  Price,  25  cents; 
for  sale  at  the  bookstores  and  by  the  author  at  221  Powell 
street.  Sent  by  mail  to  any  address  on  receipt  of  the 
rice   in  coin,  currency  or  postagestamps. 


C.    L.   GILLBR, 
SEAL    ENGRAVER    AND    DIE    SINKER, 

No.  430  MONTGOMERY  STREET,  S.  F. 

The  beat  Work  done  on  the  most  reasonable  terms  on 
the  Coast. 


/Imli3efnent3. 


BALDWIN'S   THEATER. 

THOU  \S  MAQUIRE 

r.  Ltbtbr 

CllAS    II.  G WIN,  - 

.1   i'  Ch  iruAx    


Manager. 

Acting  Honagor 

Treasurer. 

iBsistant  Treasurer 

Open    Every    Evening    with     the    Regular 
Comparjy. 

Corner    Uarkol   and     Powell     Streets,      Open    every 

evening   and   Saturday   matinee.     Box    offlos  open  daily. 


BUSH    STREET    THEATER. 

CllAS   K   Locm  1  ,.,,  .  and  Manag.  I 

CALLENDER'S    GEORGIA    MINSTRELS. 
0|.l'ii  ovary  ovonlng  and  Saturday  Mntinco. 


CALIFORNIA   THEATER. 

Barton  Sc  Lawlor Manager. 

Hakton*  Hill Acting  Manager, 

JOHN    T.    RAYMOND. 

Sush  Street,  above  Kearny.  Open  every  evening*.     Box 

■  >lfli  e  open  frmn  *.i  a.  m.  to  10  r.  m.     Scats  may  be  secured 
six  days  in  advance. 


STANDARD    THEATER. 

M.  A.  EBHHBDT Sole  Lessee  and  Manager. 

RICE'S    SURPRISE    PARTY. 

Bush  Street,  above  Montgomery.    Opon  every  evening. 
Seats  may  bo  Bccured  six  days  in  advance. 


W.   T.   GARRATT'S 

BRASS  and  BELL  FOUNDRY 

SAN    PEANCISCO. 
MANUFACTURER  AND  IMPORTER  OF 

Church  and  Steamboat  BELLS  and  GONGS 
BRASS  CASTINGS  of  all  kinds. 
WATER  GATES,   GAS  GATES, 
FIRE  HYDRANTS. 

DOCK  HYDRANTS, 

GARDEN  HYDRANTS 

General   Assortment    of    Engineers'   Findings. 

Hooker's    Patent 
Celebrated 

STEAM  PUMP 

itSJThe  Best  and  Moat 
Durable  in  use.  Also, 
a  variety  of  other 

PUMPS 

For  Mining  and  Farm- 
1  ing  Purposes. 

ROOT'S  BLAST  BLOWERS, 

For  Ventilating;  Mines  and  for  Smelting  Works. 

HYDRAULIC    PIPES    AND     NOZZLES, 

For  Mining  Purposes. 

Garratt's    Improved     Journal    Metal. 

IMPORTER   OF 

IRON  PIPE  AND  MALLEABLE    IROSJ    FITTINGS. 

ALL   KISDS  OF 

WORK  AND  COMPOSITION  NAILS, 

AT  LOWEST  RATES. 

N.    W.    SPAULDING'S 


:|  W    T  ..CAR'R^TT], 


PATENT   DETACHABLE   TOOTH    SAWS, 

Manfuactory.  17  &  19  Fremont  St.,  S.  F. 


]  PALACE 
IESTAUBAN 


218    SanSC/iaae  St.     a-aimost popular dmlng 

n  ■  »— «■■    sa]oon  on   this   Coast. 

fLunch  ready  at  10  A.  m.]  Resident  business  men  and  viai- 
tors  from  abroad  will  lie  wise  in  giving  this  place  an  early 
call.    Examine  bill  of  fare  and  prices. 

HERMAN  H.  HORST,  Frop'r. 


TRUMP*  CHUCK  Hardened  Steel. 
Three  Jaws. 
Self-Centeeing. 
Hulds  Securely. 


r  drills  A  &undar,$l,50 
For  ori]lsl&  under,  2.25 
By  Mail,  postage,^  8  els, 
Accurate,  Durable.    'Well  made  aad  equal  to  the  best  Chucks  iu  uso. 
TEUMP  BROS.,  Mfrs.,  Wilmington,  Del.,  U.  S.  A. 


Engraving  done  at  this  office. 


78 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[February  i,   1879. 


Ijrop  and  (machine  torks. 


THOS.  PENDERGAST. 


HENRY  S.  SMITH. 


yETNA    IRON    WORKS, 

MANUFACTURERS  OF 

IRON  CASTINGS 

and.    MACHINERY 

OF  ALL  KINDS. 

Fremont  Street,  Bet.  Howard  and  Folsom, 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 

SACRAMENTO  BOILER   WORKS, 

214  &  216  BBALB  St.,  (rear  of  .Etna  Foundry) 

J.  V.  HALL, 

PRACTICAL    BOILER    MAKER, 

Marine,  Stationary  and  Portable  Boilers,  Smoke  Stacks, 

Hydraulic  Pipe,   Oil  or  Water  Tanks,    Ore  and 

Water  Buckets,  Gasometers,  Girders,  Bridges 

and    Iron    Ship    Building. 

ALL    KINDS    OF   SHEET    IRON    WORK. 

Repairing   promptly   attended   to    at   the 
lowest   possible   terms. 


UNION  IRON  WORKS, 

SACRAMENTO,    CAL. 
ROOT,    NEILSON    &    CO., 

MANUFACTURERS  OF 

STEAM    ENGINES,  BOILERS   AND    ALL 
Kinds  of  Machinery  for  Mining   Purposes. 

Flouring  Mills',  Saw  Mills'  and   Quartz  Mills'  Machinery 

constructed,    fitted  up  and  repaired. 

Front  Street,  Between  N  and  O  Streets, 

SACRAMENTO,     CAL. 


PHELPS 
MANUFACTURING    COMPANY. 

Manufacturers  of  all  kinds  of 

WTiarf  and  Bridge  Bolts,    Railroad  Trestle 

Work.   Car  Frames  and  Bolts,  Machine 

Bolts,   Set  Screws    and   Tap  Bolts, 

Lag   or   Coach    Screws. 

ALL  STYLES   OF  FANCY  HEAD  BOLTS. 

HOT  AND  COLD  PRESSED  HEXAGONAL  AND 

SQUARE  NUTS,  WASHERS,  BOLT  ENDS, 

TURNBUCKLES,  ETC.,  ETC. 

13, 15  and  17  Drumm  St.,  near  California, 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 


Golden  State  &  Miners  Iron  Works, 

Manufacture  Iron  Castings  and  Machinery 
of  all  Kinds  at  Greatly  Reduced  Rates. 

STEVENSON'S  PATENT 

Mold-Board  AMALGAMATORS, 
Golden  State  Pressure  Blowers. 

First  St.,  between  Howard  &  Folsom,  S.  F. 


Wm.  H.  Bircd.  John  Aroall. 

California    Machine   Works, 
BIRCH,    ARGALL    &    CO., 

119  Beale  Street,  San  Francisco. 

j^TGeneral  Mechanical  Engineers  and  Machinists. 
Steam  Engines,  Flour,  Quartz  and  Mining  Machiucry. 
Sole  manufacturers  of  Brodie's  Patent  Rock  Crushers  and 
Steel-Faced  Tappits.  Steam,  Hydraulic  and  Sidewalk 
Elevators.     Repairing  promptly  attended  to. 


California    Brass    Foundry, 

No,  125  First  Street,  Opposite  Minna. 
SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 

All  kinds  of  Brass,  Composition,  Zinc,  and  Babbitt 
Metal  Castings,  Brass  Ship  Work  of  all  kinds,  Spikes 
sheathing  Nails,  Rudder  Braces,  Hinges,  Ship  and  Steam- 
boat Bells  and  Gongs  of  superior  tone.  All  kinds  of  Cocks 
and  Valves,  Hydraulic  Pipes  and  Nozzles,  and  Hose  Coup- 
lings and  Connections  of  all  sizes  and  patterns  furnished 
with  dispatch.  ^PRICES  MODERATE.  "SJt 

J.  H.  WEED.  V.  KINGWELL. 


STEAM  ENGINES  AND  BOILERS 

Of  all  sizes— from  2  to  60-Horse  power.  Also,  Quartz 
Mills,  Mining  Pumps,  Hoisting  Machinery,  Shafting,  Iron 
TankB,  etc.     For  sale  at  the  lowest  prices  by 

J.    HENDY,  49  and  51  Fremont  Street,  S.  F. 


THOMAS  THOMPSON. 


THORNTON  THOMPSON. 


THOMPSON    BROTHERS, 

EUREKA    FOUNDRY, 

129  and  131  Beale  St.,  between  Mission  and  Howard,  S.  F 

MANUFACTURRRS  OF  CASTINGS  OF  EVERT  DESCRIPTION. 


WIND 


Mill      One  of  the  best  made  in  this  State 
!"l*-^.  for  Bale  cheap  on  easy  terms.    Ad- 


GEORGE  W.  PRESCOTT. 


IRVING  M.  SCOTT. 


H.  T.  SCOTT. 


JJnion    |ron   Works. 

Office,  61  First  St.  |  Cor.  First  &  Mission  Sts.,  S.  F.  |  p.  o.   Box,  2128. 


BUILDERS     OF 


»     -  -  -  — — -    iui  ottie  l'ium  i >    vu  i 

dress,  W.  T„  care  of  Dewey  &  Co.,  S.  F. 


Steam,    Air   and    Hydraulic    Machinery. 

Home  Industry.— All  "Work  Tested,  and  Guaranteed. 


Vertical  Engines, 

Baby  Hoists, 

Stamps, 

Horizontal  Engines, 

Ventilating  Fans, 

Pans, 

Automatic  Cut-off  Engines, 

Hock  Breakers, 

Settlers, 

Compound  Condensing  Engines, 

Self-Feeders, 

Retorts, 

Shafting, 

Pulleys, 

Etc.,  Etc 

TRY    OUR    MAKE,  CHEAPEST    AND    BEST    IN    USE. 
Send  for  Late  Circulars.  PRESCOTT,  SCOTT  &  CO. 


^V  i  1 1  i  a  111      H  awkins, 

Successor  to 

HZ-A-WiKmsrs  &  caistteell, 

MACHINE      WORKS, 

210  and  212  Beale  Street,  bet.  Howard  and  Folsom  Sts.,    -    -    San  Francisco. 

Manufacturers    of 

IMPROVED    PORTABLE    HOISTING    ENGINES, 

For   Mining  and   Other   Purposes. 

Steam  Engines  and  all  Kinds  of  Mill  and  Mining  Machinery. 


Pacific  Rolling  Mill  Co., 

SAN    FRANCISCO,    CAL. 

manufacturers  of 

RAILROAD  AND    MERCHANT  IRON, 

ROLLED  BEAMS,  ANGLE,  CHANNEL  AND  T  IRON,  BRIDGE  AND  MACHINE  BOLTS,  LAG  SCREWS,  NUTS 
WASHERS,  ETC.,  STEAMBOAT   SHAFTS,  CRANKS,  PISTONS,  CONNECTING    RODS,  ETC.,  ETC. 

Car  and  Locomotive  Axles  and  Frames,  and  Hammered  Iron  of  Every  Description. 

HIGHEST    PRICE    PAID    FOR    SCRAP    IRON. 

tS"  Orders  Solicited  and  Promptly  Executed.  Office,  No.  16  FIRST  STREET. 


i^ialton    Iron    Works. 

Hinckley,  Spiers  &  Hayes. 

(ESTABLISHED    IN    1855.) 

Works,  Fremont  and  Howard  Sts.  |  San  Francisco,  Cal.  |  Office,  No.  213  Fremont  St. 

MANUFACTURERS    OF 


Marine  Engines  and    Boilers. 

Propeller  Engines  either  High  Pressure  or  Com- 
pound Stern  or  Side  Wheel  Engines. 

Mining  Machinery. 

Hoisting  Engines  and  Works,  Cages,  Ore  Buckets,  Ore 
Cars,  Pumping  Engines  and  Pumps,  Water  Buckets, 
Pump  Columns,  Air.  Compressors,  Air  Receivers, 
Air    Pipes. 

Mill  Machinery. 

Batteries  for  Dry  or     Wet  Crushing,     Amalgamating 


Pans,  Settlers,  Furnaces,  Retorts,  Concentrators,  Ore 
Feeders,  Rock  Breakers,  Furnaces  for  Reducing  Ores 
Water  Jackets,  Etc. 


Sugar  Machinery. 


Crushing  Rolls,  Clarifiers,  Vacuum  Pans,  Air  Pumps, 
Concentrators,  Bag  Filters,  Charcoal  Filters,  Blow-up 
Tanks,  Coolers  and  Receiving  Tanks. 

Miscellaneous   Machinery. 

Flour  Mill  Machinery,  Saw  Mill  Engines  and  Boilers, 
Dredging  Machinery,  Oil  Well  Retorts,  Powder  Mill  Ma- 
chinery, Water  Wheels. 


FnninPC     Sinri     RflllppC    of  all  kinds,  either  for  use  on  Steamboats  and  made  hi   accordance  with   the 
Cllljlllco     allU     DUIIci  o    Act  of  Congress  regulating  the  same,  or  for  use  on  land.  Water  Pipe,  Pump 
or  Air  Column,  Fish  Tanks  for  Salmon  Canneries  of  every  description.    „ 
Boiler  repairs  promptly  attended  to  and  at  very  moderate  rates. 


PACIFIC    IRON    WORKS, 

First  and  Fremont  Streets,  between  Mission  and   Howard,   San   Francisco,  Cat, 
RANKIN,    BRAYTON    &    CO., 

Manufacturers    of 

ENGINES,  BOILERS,    MARINE    AND    STATIONARY.      PUMPING,    HOISTING,  AND    MINING    MACHINERY 

INCLUDING  BATTERIES,  AMALGAMATING  PANS  AND  SETTLERS,  CONCENTRATORS,  ORE  FEEDERS, 

CRUSHING  ROLLS  AND  ROCK  BREAKERS.    ALSO,  WATER  JACKET  SMELTING  FURNACES, 

FOR  REDUCING  LEAD,  SILVER  AND   COPPER   ORES,  QUICKSILVER   FURNACES, 

RETORTS  AND  CONDENSERS,  ROASTING  AND  CHLORIDIZING  FURNACES, 

SUGAR    MILL    MACHINERY,  WATER    WHEELS,  Etc.,   ALL    OF    THE 

LATEST  AND  MOST  LUPROVED  CONSTRUCTION. 

Agents  for  the  Allen  Engine  Governor,  Bailey  Air  Compressor,  Howell's 
Improved  "White  Furnaces,  "Walker's  Compound  Steam  Pumps,  Etc. 


T7£7"e stern  Iron  Worlds, 

316     and     318     Mission     Street,     San     Francisco, 

PERRY  EDWARDS,  Prop'r. 

Manufacturer  of  Wrought  Iron  Girders,  Trusses,   Prison   Cells,  Iron  Roofs,  Crest 
Railings,  Finials,  Fences,  Weathervanes,  Gratings,  Iron  Work  for  Models,  Etc. 

Nickel   Plated   Raililifrs.         Bank  and  Store  Fittings.        Estimates  (riven  and  Iron  Work  furnished  for  Buildings. 


f  Corner  Beale  and  Howard  Sts., 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 

W.  H.  TAYLOR,  Pres't.  JOSEPH  MOORE,  Sup't. 

Builders  of  Steam  Machinery 

In  all  its  Branches, 

Steamboat,  Steamship,  Land 

Engines  and  Boilers, 

HIGH  PRESSURE  OR  COMPOUND. 


STEAM  VESSELS,  of  all  kinds,  built  complete  with 
Hulls  of  Weed,  Irou  or  Composite. 

ORDINARY  ENGINES  compounded  when  ad- 
visable. 

STEAM  LAUNCHES,  Barges  and  Steam  Tugs  con- 
structed with  reference  to  the  Trade  in  which  they  nro 
to  be  employed.  Speed,  tonnage  and  draft  of  water 
guaranteed. 

STEAM  BOILERS.  Particular  attention  given  to 
the  quality  of  the  material  and  workmanship,  and  none 
but  first-class  work  produced. 

SUGAR  MILLS  AND  SUGAR-MAKING 
MACHINERY  made  after  the  most  approved  plans. 
Also,  ail  Boiler  Iron  Work  connected  therewith. 

"WATER  PIPE,  of  Boiler  or  Sheet  Iron,  of  any  size 
made  in  suitable  lengths  for  connecting  together,  or 
sheets  rolled,  punched,  and  packed  for  shipment  ready 
to  he  riveted  on  the  ground. 

HYDRAULIC  RIVETING.  Boiler  Work  and 
Water  Pipe  made  by  this  establishment,  riveted  by 
Hydraulic  Riveting  Machinery,  that  quality  of  work 
being  far  superior  to  hand  work. 

SHIP  WORK.  Ship  and  Steam  Capstains,  Steam 
Winches,  Air  and  Circulating  Pumps,  made  after  the 
most  approved  plans, 

PUMPS.  Direct  Acting  Pumps,  for  Irrigation  or  City 
Water  Works  purposes,  built  with  the  celebrated  Davy 
Valve  Motion,  superior  to  any  other  Pump. 


Dewey  &  Co.  {Sang?m2BSt}  Patent  Ag'ts. 


Driving  Nails  Under  Water. — Stack's  illustrated  ad- 
vertisement appears  once  a  month  in  this  paper. 


Electric  Model  &  Machine  Works 

Inventors  and  others  can  #et  Pirst-Class 
Work  at  Moderate  Prices. 

After  10  years  experience  with  inventions  and  other 
mechanical  work,  I  am  fully  prepared  to  execute  draw- 
ings, working-models  and  fine  machinery  of  any  descrip- 
tion to  entire  satisfaction. 

Brass  Finishing,  Pattern  Making,  Gear  Cutting,  Tele- 
graphic and  other  Electrical  Apparatus  by  competent 
workmen. 

TELEPHONES    TO    ORDER. 

F.  W.  FULLER,  415  Market  Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


Main    Street    Iron    Works, 

WM.    DEACON,    PROPRIETOR. 
Nos.  131, 133  &  135  Main  St.,  San  Francisco. 

Stationary  and  Marine  Engines, 

Shafting,  Pulleys,  and  General  Machine  Work.  Jobbing 
and  repairing  done  Promptly  and  at  Lowest  Rates. 
Screw  Propcllors,  Propellor  and  Steamboat  Engines. 

SAW  MILLS  and  SAW  MILL  MACHINERY. 


HI 

BERRWLACE 


Market,  head  of  Front  Street,  San  Francisco. 


Steel  Castings. 

From -J  to  10,000  lbs.  weight,  true  to  pattern,  sound  an0" 
solid,  of  unequaled  strength,  toughness  and  durability- 
An  invaluable  substitute  for  forgings  or  cast-iron  requir- 
ing three-fold  strength.     Send  for  circular  and  price  list  to 

CHESTER    STEEL     CASTINGS    CO., 

EVELINA    STREET,        -       -       PHILADELPHIA,    PA. 


Diamond    Drill    Co. 

The  undersigned,  owners  of  LESCHOT'S  PATENT 
for  DIAMOND  POINTED  DRILLS,  now  brought  to  the 
highest  state  of  perfection,  are  prepared  to  fill  orders 
for  the  IMPROVED  PROSPECTING  AND  TUNNELING 
DRILLS,  with  or  without  power,  at  short  notice,  and 
at  reduced  prices.  Abundant  testimony  furnished  of 
the  great  economy  and  successful  working  of  numerous 
machines  in  operation  in  the  quartz  and  gravel  mines 
on  this  coast.  Circulars  forwarded,  and  full  infor- 
mation given  upon  application. 

A.  J.  SEVERANCE  &  CO. 
Office,  No.  320  Sansome  street,  Room  10. 


GOLD    MINE    WANTED. 

One  now  paying;  more  than  expenses.     Address 

W.    S.    KBYES,    M.    E., 
No.  310  Pine  St.,  Eoom  42,  San  Francisco. 


February  i,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


79 


Mining    Machinery    Depot, 

PARKE   &   LACY,   417   Market  St. 

AIR  COMPRESSORS  and  ROCK  DRILLS. 

HOISTING    E1NTQI1TES, 

ALL  SIZES,  DOUBLE  ANL>  SINGLE,  WITH  SINGLE  and  DOUBLE  KEELS. 

Pressure  Blowers.     Diamond  Anti-Friction  Metal.     Flexible   Shafts.  | 
PUMP 

And  %ifi)  Cen,rifu9al  PumPs  for  Irrigating,        BURLEIGH   air    COMPRESSOR, 

AIR 

COLUMN. 

Putnam's    Wood-Working    Machinery. 


BURLEIGH   ROCK   DRILL,       ™wn> 
Does  more  work  at  Leas  Coat  And 

THAN  ANY  OTHER   ROCK  DRILL.   LADDER 

FIRE  EITGI2TES,        Trucks- 
Babcock  Chemical  Engines, 

Hose  Carts  and  Fire  Extinguishers. 


Gives  Better  Results  than  any 
Compressor  Known. 


DEANE'S     STEAM      PUMPS, 

VERTICAL    AND     HORIZONTAL. 


MACHINISTS'   TOOLS. 

Lathe  Chucks.     Farmers'  Battery. 

HILL'S    EXPLODERS. 

SEND    FOR  CIRCULARS. 


RUSSELL'S  AMALGAMATOR. 


EDISON'S  ELECTRIC  PEN   and  PRESS. 


Patented  June  25t.li,   1878. 


S^ATIE    -Z-OTTIR,    GrOLID 
And    Also    SAVE    YOUR    QUICKSILVER. 

The  above  Washer  and  Amalgamator  with  new  patent  Wire  Bridge  Quicksilver  Boxes  attached,  can  be  worked 
wet  or  dry,  either  by  hand,  steam,  horse  or  water  power,  and  is  easily  taken  apart  and  packed.  For  washing  Pulp, 
Earth,  Gravel,  Mill  Tailings  or  Black  Sand,  it  is  without  a  rival. 

Has  been  Thoroughly  Tested  and  given  Complete  Satisfaction. 

The  entire  Lining,  Hanging  Plates,  Riffles  and  Boxes  Amalgamated 

IS    GUARANTEED    TO   SAVE    THE    FINEST    OR     FLOAT    GOLD. 

Capacity,  30  to  00  tons  per  day,  according  to  Bize.     Fur  further  particulars  apply  to 

J.  MORIZIO,  Gen'l  Agt.. 

Room  24,  Safe  Deposit  Building,  Corner  Montgomery  and  California  Streets,   SAN  FRANCISCO. 


SANDERSON  BROS.  &  GO.'S 

Best  Refined.  Cast-Steel. 

Warranted  Most  Superior  for  Drills,  Hammers,  Etc. 

A  full  and   complete  stock  of  this  reliable  and  well-known 
brand  of  Steel,  for  mining  and  other  uses,  now  in  stock  and  for  sale 

At  No-  417  Market  St.,  S.  F.,   ■    H.  D.  Morris,  Agent. 


MAKES    5,000    COPIES    FROM    ONE    WRITING. 

Requires    no    Prepared    Ink,     or     Paper,     no     Skilled     Expert     to     do     Good     Work 
From    5    to    15    Copies    per    minute   by    an    Office    Boy. 
Indispensable  to  Lawyers,  Bankers,  Colleges  and  Schools,  Mubic  Dealers,  Real  Estate  Men,   and   Business  Firms 
in  every  department  of  trade. 

Costs    but    $2.50    Per    Annum    to    run    it. 


San   Francisco   Pioneer   Screen   Works, 

J.  W.  QUICK,  Manufacturer, 

Several  first  premiums  received 
for  Quartz  Mill  Screens,  and  Per- 
forated Sheet  Metals  of  every 
description.  I  would  call  special 
|  attention  to  my  SLOT  CUT  and 
SLOT  PUNCHED  SCREENS, 
I  which  are  attracting  much  at- 
I  tention  and  giving  universal 
I  satisfaction.  This  is  the  only 
|  establishment  on  the  coast  de- 
voted exclusively  to  the  manufac- 
ture of  Screens.  Mill  owners  using  Battery  Screens  exten- 
sively can  contract  for  large  supplies  at  favorable  rates. 
Orders  solicitedand  promptly  attended  to, 

32  Fremont  Street.  San  Francisco. 


THE    AMERICAN 


H 


Prompt  and  Successful.—  Messrs.  Dewey  <k  Co:— Gci 
tlemen:  Your  Circular  letter,  12th  inst.,  informing  me  of 
successful  termination  of  my  application  for  patent  re- 
ceived. Please  accept  thanks  for  the  prompt  and  suc- 
cessful manner  in  which  you  have  managed  this  business 
Tours  respectfully,  J.  H.  Cavanadcih. 

Walla  WaUa,  Dee.  24t 


All  sizes, 

and  adapted  to 

fron 

3  to  500 

feet  head, 


ITEBIN 

Water  Wheels 


THE  BEST  IN  THE 

WORLD  ! 

Send  for  our  Circular 
and  Prices. 

BERRY  &  PLACE. 

MarketJSt.,(Head  of  Front, 

ESan  Francisco. 


WHAT    THEY    SAY: 
"As  good  as  a  full-grown  lithographic  establishment." — Bakf,r  &  Hamilton. 
"Indispensable  to  the  use  of  this  office."— Fireman's  Fund  Insurance  Co. 
"Exceeds  our  most  sanguine  expectations."— Hv  Balzbr  &  Co. 

"I  would  not  be  without  it  for  five  times  its  cost."— Geo.  Leviston,  Attorney-at-law. 
"Very  useful  and  fully  meets  our  expectations." — W.  T.  Coleman  &  Co. 

"Has  become  one  of  the  most  valuable  appendages  of  the  Academy."— Cal.  Military  Academy. 
"We  would  on  no  account  dispense  with  it  "—Imperial,  London,  Northern  and  Queen  Insurance  Co.'s. 
Call  on,  or  send  for  Circular  and  Samples  of  work  to 

E.  A  DAKIN,  Gen'l  Agent  for  Pacific  Coast,  209  Sansome  St.,  S.  F. 

Ingersoll  Rock  Drills. 

o 

In  use  in    the    largest    and  best 
Mines  of  the  Coast. 
HAS    AUTOMATIC  TEED. 

Has  less- Repairs. 

Is  Lighter  and  more  Easily  Ad- 
justed than  any  other  Drill. 

Our  DRY  AIR  COMPRESSORS  are  the  most  Economical  Compressors  in  the  Market. 

MINERS'  HORSE-POWER. 

This  Power  is  especially  adapted  to  working  mines,  hoist 
ing  coal  or  building  material,  etc.  It  will  do  the  work  of  a 
Steam  Engine  with  one-tenth  the  expense.  One  Horse  can 
easily  hoist  over  1,000  pounds  at  a  depth  of  500  feet. 

Tlie  Power  is  mainly  bm'lt  of  wrought  iron,  and  cannot  bo 
affected  by  exposure.  The  lioistiiig-drum  is  thrown  out  of 
gear  by  the  lever,  while  the  load  is  held  in  place  with  a  brake 
by  the  man  tendiug  bucket.  The  frame  of  the  Power  is 
bolted  to  bed-timbers,  thus  avoiding  all  frame  work.  When 
required  these  Powers  are  made  in  sections  for  packing. 

REYNOLDS,   RIX   &   CO.,  18  &  20   Fremont  St.,  San  Francisco. 


v.  OB 

Patepts  1 


OBTAINED  IN  U.  S.  AND  FOREIGN 
COUNTRIES;  trademarks,  labels  and  copy- 
";hts  registered  through  DEWEY  &  CO.'S 

ining  and   Scientific  Press  Patent 

Agency,  SanFrancisco.  Send  for  free  circular. 


Superior  Wood  and  Metal  Engrav- 
ing, Electrotyping  and  Stereotyp- 
_     ing  done  at  the  office  of  theMiNnsa 

and  Scientific  Press,  San  Francisco,  at  favorable  rates. 

Send  stamp  for  our  circular  and  samples. 


Engraving. 


80 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[February  i,   1879. 


A.  L.  FISH  &  CO.,  9  and  1 1  First  St.,  S.  F.,  Cal. 


BACON'S  HOISTING  ENGINE. 


Air  Compressors 


AIR  COLUMN 


STEAM 

PUMPS, 

AND 

Pump  Column 

STEAM 


Especially  adapted   to   use  in  Mines,    Hotels,    pipp     FNPINFQ 
Factories,  and  Steamships,  with  Bacon's 


Safety  Stop. 


Hose  Carts.     w 


Lathes,    Planes, 

DRILLS,  &c, 

STEAM 

HAMMERS, 

m 

Engine 

Governors, 


UNION  ROCK  DRILL. 


e  guarantee  to  raige  water  with  these  pumps  1,000  feet, 
single  lift.,  without  shock  or  jar  on  pumps  or  pipes. 


WINE,     CIDER,    We  offer  this  as  the  least  complicated  and 
most  durable  Rock  Drill  yet  introduced. 

AKD 

Lard  Presses. 


ENGINES,    BOILERS,    QUARTZ    MILLS,    SAW    MILLS,    &c. ,    &c. 


MANUFACTURED  UNDER  A.    NOBEL'S   ORIGINAL  AND   ONLY  VALID  NITROGLYCERINE  PATENTS 

Nos.  ONE,    TWO    and    THREE. 
Stronger,    Better  and  Safer   than  any  other  High  Explosive. 

JncLson     Powder 

IS  NOW  USED  IN  ALL  LARGE  HYDRAULIC  CLAIMS. 

It  breaks  more  ground,    pulverizes  it  better,   saves  time  and   money,   and  is    superseding    the    ordinary 
powder  wherever  it  is  tried.     rtSTTriple  Force  Caps  and  all  Grades  of  Fuse. 

BANDMANN,    NIELSEN    &    CO..  San  Frajvrisco. 


VULCAN  BLASTING  POWDER. 


The  strongest  and 
most  economical  ex- 
plosive in  use. 


Wherever  it  has  been  given  a  test,  it  has  surpassed  all  other  high  explosives. 


Works  at    SANPA-§Ji9-  California, 


and  RENO,  Nevada. 


OffipA      No-  123  California  ■  Street, 
UllfU«,  SAN    FRANCISCO. 


Testimonials  as  to  the  perfect 
working  of  the  Concentrator  to  be 
seen  at  the  office. 


The  FRUE  ORE  CONCENTRATOR. 

Adams  &  Carter,  Agents, 

JOHN    M.     ADAMS.  WM.     F.    CARTER. 

MINING  AND  MECHANICAL  ENGINEERS. 

Room   7,   No.  109  California  St.,  San   Francisco.     P.  0.  Box  2,068 


GARDNER'S 

Celebrated 


These  Steam  Governors   have   long 
been  known  as  THE  BEST,  and 
as  lately  Improved  and  Per- 
fected, they  have  no  Eival. 

THE    SAFETY     STOP 

On  these  Governors  is  alone  worth  double  the  price  of 
the  Governor.     We  have  sold  over  six  hundred,  and 

Never  one  has  Failed. 

They  are  sold  at  the  same  price  (or  less)  as  ordinary 
Governors.     Send  for  Circular. 

BERRY   &   PLACE, 

Market,  head  of  Front  St.,  San  Francisco 


California  Steam  Navigation  Co. 

The  Steamers 

ALICE  GAERATT  and  CITY  OF  STOCKTON 

LEAVE  SAN  FRANCISCO 

DAILY  (Sundays  excepted)  at  6  p.   m.,  from  Washington 

Street  Wharf,  near  foot  of  Market  street. 

LEAVE  STOCKTON 

DAILY    (Sundays    excepted)    at    4     p.    m. 


T.  C.  WALKER, 

President. 


O.  A.  CARLETON,      _ 
Secretary 


ft.  S.  HALLIDSE, 

^nia^itreetj 


Office,  No.  6  Cal 


iron  and  Steel  Wire  Rope, 

Flat  and  Round,  for  MiningJ}hipping, 
Hoisting  and  Gjmun?jtrposes. 

Having  the/'ino&t  complete  J»e(i  extensive 
Wiia«Eofte  W&rks  id  theWnited  States,  I  am 
prepfceti^omaSefaeturo  Wire  Rope  and  CaHca 
of  anj^Jengta  or  Bize  at  short  notice,  and  guar- 
antee the  quality  and  workmanship  equal  to 
iny  made  at  home  or  abroadC'v 

Iron,  Steel^iS\GVa)ized  Wire 

Of  allfeizes  o\  hah^or-fiiade  to  order. 

Bari^edh'Tence 


THE  NEVADA  OVAL  TOP  RETORT. 


Solo  rropricJsr>ȣ 

Hallidie^  -rE&y&f^Gpeway, 

S^thS^ffaspo  JatieVor  Ores.  Etc. 
i3TSenoS(£r  ^Circular. 

A.  S.  HAXX.IDIE. 

Office,  No.  6  California  St.,  San  Eranciaca 

Tbis  paper  is  printed  with  Ink  furnished  by 
Chas.  Eneu  Johnson  &  Co.,  509  South  lOtb 
St.,  Philadelphia  &  59  Gold  St.,  N.  T. 


The  advantage  of  this  Eetort  over  the  OLD  FLAT 
PATTERN  is,  that  it  can  be  rilled  full  of  Amalgam,  there- 
by  holding  more  than  the  old  style,  besides  avoiding  all 
danger  of  an  explosion  owirjg^to  the  crown  space,  in  the 
cover  which  allows  for  the  expansion.  They  are  made 
extra  heavy,  WELL  GROUND  in  the  joiuts,  and  are  fur- 
nished with  a  strong  Norway  clamp,  having  a  wrought 
iron  key  which  can  be  driven  in  or  out  of  place  by  a  single 
stroke  of  a  hammer. 

The  Annoying  Thumb-Screws  are  Entirely 
Done   Away   With. 


We  Make  Seven  Sizes,  as  follows: 

Number  or  Pints 1     2      3      4      5      G      10 

Holds  Pounds  Quicksilver. .    121   25    38    50    C3    75  125 
Weight  each lOfts  15    IS     25     31     44     65 

lorfars  end  Pestles, 

GROUND    INSIDE. 


Size — Quarts ^ 

Hight— Inches  . . .  3i 
Weight — Pounds  .  0.', 


1      2      4      6      8  12  16 

5      6    7h     $h      B  11  1 

I 

9     16    22    37'  43  72  86 


Bullion    Ladle. 


Forged    from    one    piece    of    Charcoal    Iron,    eight    inches  in 
diameter  by  four  inches  deep. 

Send    for    Circular    and    Prices- 

ARRfGAN  &  CO.,  Agents,  San  Francisco. 


PRINTER'S   PROOF   PRESS, 

COMPLETE    AND    IN    GOOD    WORKING     ORDER, 

For  Sale  at  this  office, 

AT    THE    LOW    PRICE    OF    $37-50. 

AST  Call  au<l  see  it.lSjl 


SITUATION   WANTED. 

A  young  man,  late  ef  the  School   of  Mines,  Columbia 

College,  New  York,   desires  a  position  with  a  Mining-  or 

Mill  Company.     Willing-  to  make  himself  useful,  and  not 

afraid  to  work.  Moderate  salary.  For  particulars,  apply  to 

JOHN    TAYLOR    &    CO., 

512  Washing-ton  Street,  S.  F. 


Paul's  Pulverizing  Barrel. 

A.  B.  Paul. — Sir: — 1  have  placed  several  of  your  Pulver- 
izing- Barrels  in  mills  I  have  erected,  and  can  safely 
recommend  them  as  being-  in  every  way  more  practical 
and  economical  for  pulverizing1  quartz,  than  any  other 
kind  of  machinery  in  use. 

J.   K.  GLASBY,  Millwright. 

For  particulars  and  circulars  apply  to 

ALMARIN  B.  PAUL, 
Room  20,  Safe  Deposit  Building,  San  Francisco. 

OBTAINED  IN  U.  S.  AND  FOREIGN 
COUNTRIES;  trademarks,  labels  and  copy- 
rights registered  through  DEWEY  &  CO.'S 
Mining  and  Scientific  Press  Patent 
Agency,  San  Francisco.  Send  for  free  circular 


latent? 


Aa  lilustra 


DBWBS 
Publisher 


SAN  FRANCISCO,  SATURDAY,  FEBRUARY  8,  1879. 


VOUUME    XXXVIII 
Number    6. 


Oil  Wells  of  Ventura  County. 

The  searchers  after  petroleum  in  our  central 
southerly  coast  counties  are  deserving  of  suc- 
cess, and  according  to  recent  reports  from  that 
quarter  some  of  them  are  beginning  to  realize  a 
pretty  good  share  of  it.  According  to  tho 
Ventura  Signal  they  have  struck  a  body  of  oil 
in  the  Loa  Angeles  well  on  the  Little  Sespe, 
which,  at  a  depth  of  1,514  feet,  flows  110  bar- 
rels per  day.  This  oil  is  represented  to  be  per- 
fectly clear  and  of  the  beat  quality,  with  a  spe- 
ciric  gravity  varying  from  39  to  41  degrees. 
After  rilling  all  their  tanks,  having  a  holding 
capacity  ot  300  barrels,  the  How  has  been 
stopped  till  additional  tankage  can  be  obtained. 
Six  months  have  been  spent  in  boring  this  well. 
At  1,387  feet  10  barrels  per  day  was  got,  and  a 
good  show  thence  to  the  present  depth.  About 
85%  of  the  product  here  is  used  for  burning, 
lubricating,  etc.,  and  the  balance  for  fuel;  being 
also  thought  to  contain  much  paraffine.  The 
oil  belt  here  occupies  a  sort  of  basin,  of  which 
the  Los  Angeles  company  own  820  acres,  besides 
the  Tar  creek  tract,  considered  still  more  valu- 
able. In  this  baain,  where  it  is  believed  300  wells 
might  be  sunk  without  crowding,  is  situated  the 
"Petroleum  Park"  claim  of  lfi  acres,  also  very 
promising  land  which  is  owned  by  San  Francisco 
and  Los  Angeles  parties.  Machinery  is  about  to 
be  placed  on  this  property  for  well  boring, 
a  somewhat  costly  road  having  been  built  for 
tho  purpose  of  getting  it  in,  also  shops,  suitable 
buildings  for  the  accommodation  of  workmen, 
etc.  This  locality  is  distant  from  Ventura  25 
miles,  and  is  elevated  above  sea  level  1,5'J5  feet. 
It  is,  however,  but  225  feet  above  the  mouth  of 
the  canyon,  from  which  it  is  distant  7,000  feet. 
The  Sespe,  a  branch  of  tho  Santa  Clara  river, 
carries  a  considerable  quantity  of  water  and  runs 
close  by  the  well.  The  company  will  pipe  their 
oil  to  the  mouth  of  the  canyon,  where  their 
receiving  tanks  wiU  be  erected.  Ultimately  it 
iB  expected  that  the  oil  will  be  piped  all  the 
way  to  Ventura,  the  country  being  favorable 
for  the  purpose.  As  other  wells  will  be  opened 
here,  the  product  of  this  locality  will  amply 
justify  the  expense  of  laying  down  a  main  pipe 
to  the  above  point.  To  this  pipe  "Petroleum 
Park,"  and  various  other  fertile  districts  in  the 
vicinity,  would  become  tributary.  In  this  mild 
climate  such  pipes  would  never  freeze  nor  would 
the  oil  clog.  At  Ventura,  it  is  presumed  that 
extensive  oil  refineries  would  be  built,  greatly 
benefiting  that  place  and  the  surrounding 
country.  With  this  mineral  oil  in  such  abun- 
dance, it  would  probably  soon  supersede  coal 
and  wood  as  a  steam  generating  fuel.  Capt. 
Roberts,  Superintendent  of  the  Los  Angeles 
company,  using  it  successfully  in  the  furnaces 
at  the  well.  Four  barrels  of  crude  oil  go  as  far 
aa  two  and  a  half  cords  of  good  live  oak  wood. 
Thia  oil  the  company  can,  and,  in  fact,  proposes 
to  furnish  in  any  quantity  at  one  dollar  per  bar- 
rel. The  gas  companies  of  the  larger  cities  will 
also,  it  is  thought,  substitute  petroleum  for 
coal,  as  there  is  more  gas  in  a  barrel  of  this  sub- 
stance than  in  a  ton  of  coal.  Schooners  can  be 
so  constructed  aa  to  carry  oil  iu  tanks,  which 
may  be  filled  from  pipes  on  the  wharf,  or  it  can 
be  carried  cheaply  as  ballast.  After  the  burn- 
ing fluid  comes  the  lubricating  oil,  which  is  grad- 
ed from  the  finest  used  on  sewing  machines,  etc., 
down  to  car  axles  and  wagons.  It  is  in  use  on 
the  Central  Pacific  road,  and  the  "Star  Oil 
Company"  is  supplying  some  large  establish- 
ments in  San  Francisco.  The  refuse  is  used  for 
fuel.  

Caves  in  Amador. — A  remarkable  cave  was 
discovered  not  long  since  at  the  mouth  of  a 
marble  quarry  near  Jackson,  Amador  county. 
It  appears  now  from  a  notice  in  the  Ledger  that 
another  eave  has  been  found  in  that  vicinity, 
being  on  the  Consumnes,  opposite  Slug  gulch. 
It  has  been  explored  for  a  distance  of  3,000  feet, 
and  no  end  found.  The  passage  is  small,  as  are 
also  the  chambers  which  have  been  explored. 
But  the  mystery  of  the  cave  is  that  a  strong 
current  of  air  sweeps  through  the  main  passage, 
making  it  very  difficult  to  carry  a  torch.  Another 
inexplicable  circumstance  is  that  far  below  can 
be  heard  the  noise  of  falling  water,  as  if  rushing 
through  the  rocks  to  some  outlet  which  has  not 
yet  been  found. 


The  Allen  Governor. 

This  governor  has  won  several  prize  medals, 
ou  different  exhibitions,  and  is  especially  useful 
iu  controlling  and  regulating  all  kinds  of  link 
motions  and  variable  cut-ofl'  engines — including 
the  Corliss  (to  which  it  is  particularly  adapted), 
and  all  the  engines  subject  to  great  variations. 
Engines  to  which  it  is  attached  run  with  the 
throttle  wide  open.  And  to  whatever  changes 
or  steam  pressure,  or  changes,  however  sudden, 


It  will  be  aeen  that  the  weights  are  raised  and 
lowered  in  a  nearly  vertical  line,  and  unlike 
those  of  other  governors,  remain  the  same  at 
every  point  of  their  suspension.  The  high  rate 
of  speed  used  acta  advantageously  in  making 
the  governor  very  sensitive;  and,  all  parts  be- 
ing lubricated,  it  works  with  the  smallest 
amount  of  friction.  The  centrifugal  or  ball 
principle  being  entirely  abandoned,  the  movable 
weights  are  suspended  as  easily  at  one  point  as 
another,  by  the  action  of  the  paddle-wheel  in 
the  oil  cylinder;  and  from  this  fact,  together 
with  others  peculiar  to  its  construction,  it  offers 


HARBISON'S    IMPROVED    HAY    FORK. 


in  power  used,  the  engine  may  be  subjected, 
it  should  not  vary  more  than  one  revolution  as 
long  as  there  is  sufficient  steam  to  do  the  work. 
These  governors  may  be  seen  at  the  Pacific 
Iron  Works,  and  their  operation  is  as   follows  : 

Within  a  corrugated  cylinder,  which  has 
small  projecting  ribs  on  its  interior  periphery, 
and  which  is  partially  filled  with  oil,  a  paddle- 
wheel  is  caused  to  revolve  by  a  spindle  passing 
through  one  end  of 
the  cylinder,  driven 
by  a  belt  com- 
municating with 
the  fly-wheel  shaft. 
The  tendency  of 
the  revolving  pad- 
dle-wheel is  to 
cause  the  cylinder 
to  move  in  the  same 
direction.  On  the 
opposite  side  to  the 
revolving  spindle 
is  a  trunnion  or 
short  spindle  fixed 
to  the  cylinder,  at- 
tached to  which  is 
a  wheel  carrying  a 
set  of  movable 
weights  suspended 
by  a  chain,  the 
speed  of  the  engine 
being  regulated 
by  the  number 
of  weights.  At- 
tached to  the 
wheel  and  keyed 
on  the  end  of  ithe 
short  spindle  ia  a  pinion  revolving  with  the 
cylinder,  and  working  in  a  toothed  sector,  the 
arm  of  which,  being  fixed  on  the  spindle  of  the 
throttle-valve,  opens  or  closes  it  as  the  oil 
cylinder  moves  with  the  paddle,  accordiog^  to 
the  variation  of  load  thrown  on  the  engine. 
When  used  with  variable  cut-off  engine,  the 
arm  is  attached  direct  to  the  cut-off. 

From  the  above  brief  description  of  the  Allen 
governor,  it  will  be  readily  understood  that  its 
principles  are  in  accordance'with  natural  laws. 


THE  ALLEN  GOVERNOR  AND  VALVE. 


a  direct  saving  of  fuel,  and  a  considerable  in- 
crease in  the  power  of  the  engine. 

The  peculiar  action  of  this  governor,  which 
admits  of  the  use  of  a  valve,  of  large  area, 
thereby  admitting  to  the  engine  cylinder  the 
greatest  possible  boiler  pressure  at  each  stroke 
of  the  piston,  has  produced  great  results  by 
being  attached  to  old  engines,  greatly  increas- 
ing their  power,  or  effecting  a  direct  saving  in 
fuel,  and  in  hund- 
reds of  instances 
doing  both.  In 
running  an  engine 
with  this  governor, 
with  high  or  low 
pressure  of  steam 
and  with  all  va- 
riations of  power, 
the  throttleis  open- 
ed wide  in  the 
morning  and  re- 
mains so  until 
closed  at  night, 
thus  relieving  the 
engineer  from  all 
labor  and  care, 
except  keeping  the 
engine  oiled,  and 
giving  him  a  great 
deal  of  time  for 
other  duties. 

Allen's  patent 
governor  valve  is 
constructed  with  a 
double  disc  in  a 
tubularform,  an  dis 
perfectly  balanced, 
there  being  no  spindle,  as  in  the  ordinary 
throttle-valve,  to  interfere  with  its  equilibrium. 
The  valve  is  moved  by  means  of  a  lever,  and 
is  opened  and  closed  by  a  rocking  motion  of  a 
steel  spindle,  which  is  covered  with  brass,  ensur- 
ing the  greatest  possible  durability. 

They  have  a  man  in  Bodie,  who,  some  years 
ago,  occupied  an  $800,000  marble  front  build- 
ing, and  did  a  large  business  in  New  York,  and 
who  is  now  working  for  a  livelihood. 


Harrison's  Horse  Hay  Fork. 

We  illustrate  herewith  a  horse  hay  fork 
patented,  through  the  Mining  and  Scientific 
Pkess  Patent  Agency,  by  Edmund  Harrison, 
of  Hollister,  California,  who  is  an  inventor  alBO 
of  a  derrick  and  unloading  net.  The  fork  ia  in- 
tended to  lift  large  masses  of  hay  or  atraw  for 
the  use  of  the  threshing  machine,  or  stacking  or 
loading. 

The  tines  are  bent  so  as  to  grasp  the  load  to 
the  best  advantage.  These  tines  pass  through 
the  eyes  upon  the  cross-bar,  which  keep  them 
well  apart  and  steady  them.  Above  the  cross- 
bar the  tines  are  continued  and  brought  to- 
gether and  strongly  secured  at  one  point,  as 
shown.  Strong  eyes  are  secured  to  the  outer 
ends  of  the  bar  and  a  triangular  frame  is  formed 
of  two  other  bars  or  arms,  which  are  secured  to 
these  eyes  at  the  ends  of  the  bar  so  aa  to  allow 
the  fork  to  swing,  and  theae  arras  meet  in  the 
middle  above  the  head  of  the  tines,  forming  a 
strong  eye  from  which  the  whole  is  suspended. 

It  will  be  manifest  that  when  suspended,  the 
weight  of  the  fork  tines  will  cause  the  head  to 
swing  forward  and  allow  any  load  to  be  dis- 
charged, unlesa  it  is  confined  in  some  manner. 
In  order  to  do  this,  a  hook  is  formed  at  the 
head  of  the  fork,  so  that  this  hook  just  swings 
clear  between  the  aides  of  the  arms  where  they 
are  bent  to  form  the  eye.  A  latch  is  pivoted  to 
one  of  the  arms  and  extended  across  the  back 
of  the  other  arm,  so  that  when  it  is  passed  up- 
ward into  the  hook,  it  will  prevent  the  fork 
from  swinging  forward,  and  as  the  latch  rests 
across  the  small  space  between  the  arms,  it  will 
be  seen  that  it  will  have  great  strength  to  resist 
the  strain  upon  the  fork. 

Another  great  advantage  possessed  by  thia 
latch,  is  that  it  lies'  flat  across  the  back  of  the 
fork,  and  does  not  project  so  as  to  catch  or  in- 
terfere with  anything,  if  it  ia  desired  +o  hoiBt 
alongside  of  a  mast  or  vertical  post.  In  order 
to  keep  this  latch  up  and  make  it  catch  on  the 
hook,  a  spring  is  employed — secured  to  one  of 
the  arms — and  this  keeps  the  latch  in  position. 
A  guiding  staple  on  the  opposite  arm  holds  the 
latch  in  place,  and  limits  the  motion. 

When  it  is  desired  to  discharge  the  load,  all 
that  will  be  necessary  is  to  pull  the  cord 
attached  to  an  eye  in  the  outer  end  of  the 
latch.  By  this  construction,  the  fork  ia  made 
very  strong,  the  tines  being  formed  on  a  single 
piece  each,  with  a  liability  to  split,  and  it  is 
very  simple  and  cheap.  The  latching  device  is 
very  strong,  and  by  its  position  across  the  space 
in  which  the  head  swings,  it  is  capable  of  resist- 
ing a  heavy  load,  and  at  the  same  time  is  en- 
tirely out  of  the  way. 

The  Manufacture  of  Silk.— This  industry 
has  been  introduced  finally  in  the  form  of  a 
novelty  to  Californians,  which  may  be  seen  at 
the  corner  of  Stockton  and  Post  streets,  near 
Horticultural  hall,  where  a  Frenchman  from 
Lyons  is  actually  at  work  making  silk.  And 
the  novelty  consists  in  the  exceedingly  simple 
and  modest,  yet  evidently  practical  and  suc- 
cessful manner  in  which  the  industry  has  taken 
shape.  He  has  a  light  and  simply  constructed 
band-loom  worked  by  treadles;  and  atthe  present 
time  turning  out  lining  silk.  The  simplicity 
and  lightness  of  this  French  machinery  at  once 
attracts  the  eye.  The  wonder  is  that  a  single 
workman,  with  a  simple  and  inexpensive 
machine,  can  compete  successfully  with  whole- 
sale manufacturers.  Such  we  are  assured  not 
only  is  the  fact,  in  the  old  world,  but  will 
prove  to  be  likewise  in  California. 

Altitudes  of  Aurora  and  Bodie.  — Measure- 
ments recently  niade  with  a  carefully  adjusted 
aneroid  barometer,  show  the  town  of  Aurora, 
Esmeralda  county,  Nevada,  to  be  7,850  feet 
above  sea  level,  and  the  town  of  Bodie,  Mono 
county,  Cal.,  8,950  feet,  or  1,100  higher.  The 
top  of  Mount  Davidson  is  7,838  feet,  and  to 
persons  traveling  from  Virginia  City  to  Aurora 
it  seems  almost  incredible  that  the  latter  place 
is  as  high  as  that  peak. 

General  Grant  and  party  have  left  Suez 
forBombay. 


82 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[February  8,   1879. 


CORRESPONDENCE. 


We  admit,  unendorsed,  opinions  of  correspondents.  —Eds. 


Chilean  Gravels  and  Gold  Washings. 

Editors  Press  :— The  articles  you  published 
011  "Hydraulic  Mining,"  by  Mr.  Bowie,  as  also 
those  by  Mr.  Hittel,  on  the  "Bead  Itivers," 
and  others,  are  read  and  studied  here  with  the 
greatest  interest,  since  people  here  are  begin- 
ning to  be  convinced  that  Chile  is  quite  as  rich 
as  California  in  gold  gravels  ;  in  fact,  Chile  is  a 

Duplicate  of  California 
In    its    climate,    geology,      parallel    mountain 
ranges,  long     line  of    sea   coast     and  mineral 
wealth. 

From  the  Chilean  historian  of  the  time  of  the 
conquest  we  gather  that  the  Chilean  Indians 
paid  a  yearly  tribute  of  1,400  pounds  of  golcl  to 
the  Inca  of  Peru.  Almagro,  a  Spanish  officer, 
seized  the  tribute  on  its  road  to  Cuzco,  the 
residence  of  the  Inca,  and  divided  it  amongst 
his  soldiers.  No  doubt  this  gold  induced  him 
to  march  south  to  Chile,  across  the  still  dreaded 
desert  of  Atacama,  to.  secure  the  mines  whence 
this  gold  was  produced.  The  tribute  was  cast 
into  small  bars  of  gold,  marked  with  the  Inca's 
stamp,  and  it  was  escorted  to  Peru  by  400  bow- 
men, and  there  were  rejoicings  at  the  principal 
towns  on  the  road.  With  the  treasure  there 
were  nuggets  worth  $700  and  $500. 

The  Indians  of  Coquimbo  having  revolted  and 
killed  the  Spaniards  there,  those  of  Marga- 
Marga  asked  permission  to  retire  from  the  mines, 
and  the  book  of  the  muncipality  of  Santiago, 
says  as  follows  :  Friday,  1st  of  November,  1549. 
The  miners  of  Marga-Marga  have  written  to 
this  municipality  that  they  desire  to  quit  the 
mines,  hearing  what  has  passed  at  Coquimbo, 
but  should  they  do  so,  the  King  of  Spain  would 
lose  his  royalty  of  one-fifth,  which,  valued  ac- 
cording to  the  ordinance  of  March  3d,  would  be 
$64,973,  and  consequently  the  total  extraction 
from  Marga-Marga,  would  be  some  $300,000 
yearly.  Immediately  after  founding  the  capital 
of  Chile  at  Santiago,  the  Spaniards  commenced 
to  work  (A.  D.  1549)  the  gold  washings  at 
Marga-Marga  with  Indians,  and  extracted  such 

Large  Amounts  of  Gold 
That  it  was   weighed  in  the   steelyard.     Some 
Spaniards  had  as  many  as  600  Indians  working 
for  them,  and  as  a   result  the  gold  was  freely 
lavished  on  all  sides. 

AfcQuilacoya,  the  Governor  Valdi via,  employed 
from  10,000  to  15,000  Indians,  and  he  pushed  his 
conquests  still  further  south  and  founded  the 
"Seven  Cities,"  in  order  to  work  the  gold 
washings  at  Aranco,  Angol,  Canete,  La  Im- 
perial, Valdivia,  Osorno  and  Villarica.  The 
Indians  revolted  and  reconquered  their  Arau- 
canian  territory,  and  destroyed  the  Seven  Cities, 
and  still  remain  in  possession  of  a  great  part  of 
the  southern  territory.  A  foreigner  now  and 
then  enters  amongst  the  Indians,  but  he  must 
beware  lest  he  attempt  to  look  for,  and  much 
less  to  work  for  gold.  The  traditions  of  their 
having  been  made  to  work  for  gold  still  exist. 

There  are  abundant  data  to  prove  that  the 
gold  washings  were 

"Worked  on  an  Immense  Scale 
By  the  early  Spaniards,  as  the  records  mention 
weil-known  places,  a  few  of  which  I  have 
visited;  and  since  attention  has  been  given  to  the 
subject,  I  may  state  that  the  work  was  done 
almost  entirely  in  the  river  beds,  and  perhaps 
some  ground  sluicing,  but  the  beaches  are  un- 
touched. 

Gold  continued  to  be  extracted  by  the  pan 
and  by  ground  sluicing  till  the  discovery  in  Cali- 
fornia, which  induced  the  greater  part  of  the 
Chilean  gold  miners  to  go  there,  and  since  that 
period  consequently  our  washings  have  been  al- 
most idle. 

The  idea  prevalent  here  has  been  that  the  gold 
washings  must  be  exhausted  after  300  years 
working,  and  the  jewelers  who  have  latterly 
purchased  the  small  quantities  extracted  these 
last  15  years,  tell  me  they  never  had  even  the 
curiosity  to  visit  the  localities  whence  it  was 
produced.  It  is  true,  however,  as  a  rule  that 
the  miners  refuse  to  state. 

It  has  appeared  impossible  both  to  foreigners 
and  natives,  that  such  an 

Extensive  Gold  Field 
As  Marga-Marga,  10  miles  long  by  five  miles 
wide,  could  exist  almost  at  the  outskirts  of  Val- 
paraiso, the  principal  seaport  of  Chile,  without 
their  being  aware  of  its  value.  I  may  add  that 
there  was  no  knowledge  of  such  a  mode  as  the 
hydraulic  system  to  wash  down  the  gravel,  and 
to  have  stated  that  1,000  tons  of  it  could  be 
washed  daily  was  to  be  set  down  at  once  as  an 
arrant  liar.  It  was  Paraff  alone  who  was  to  do 
wonders  and  pay  off  the  national  debt  of   Chile. 

It  has  taken  three  years  continual  writing, 
speaking,  showing  data  to  parties,  and  convinc- 
ing some  by  taking  them  to  see  the  gravel  de- 
posits, to  induce  a  partial  belief.  We  are  on 
the  right  road  at  last,  and  people  are  commenc- 
ing to  prospect  and  bring  samples  from  differ- 
ent quarters.  H.  A.  Holcomb  has  contracted 
for  some  $80,000  the  construction  of  a  canal,  the 
pipes,  flumes,  sluices,  etc.,  necessary  for  the 
Niblinto  washings  near  Chillan,-and  John  Simp- 
son is  in  treaty  for  similar  works  at  Caren. 
There  is  one 

Point  of  Difference 
Between  the  Chilean  and  Calif ornian  gold  wash- 


ings. Ours  are  located  west  of  our  coast  range, 
and  near  the  sea,  at  the  outlet  of  some  stream 
or  river,  and  they  extend  from  the  Straits  of 
Magellan,  where  Messrs.  Hamilton  &  Shanklin 
worked,  up  to  our  most  northern  city,  Copiapo, 
towards  which ,  however,  water  is  scarce.  We 
do  not  appear  to  have  what  corresponds  to  your 
Blue  lead  at  the  foot  of  our  snowy  Cordilleras. 
Our  coast  range  is  traversed  by  numerous  gold 
ledges  which  appear  to  have  been  the  sources  of 
our  gold  gravels.  I  should  say  our  dead  rivers 
must  have  run  from  Magellan  straits  to  the 
north,  and  our  marine  current  still  runs  towards 
the  equator,  both  inversely  to  yours,  but  in  a 
similar  manner  towards  the  equator.  The  dead 
rivers  must  have  run  to  the  west  of  our  coast 
range  since  the  gravels  are  deposited  on  that 
side,  and  not  on  the  eastern  fall  or  central  val- 
ley; they  account  accordingly  for  the  finding  of 
our  gravels  all  close  to  the  coast,  and  in  every 
case,  I  believe,  traversed  at  right  angles  by  the 
live  streams  running  into  the  sea,  which  lay 
bare,  and  in  many  places  show  the  bedrock 
upon  which  the  gravel  rests.  These  remarks 
refer  to  the  central  portion  of  Chile  between 
Coquimbo  and  Concepcion. 

In  the  Souti 
Or  Indian  territory  it  would  appear  the  gold  is 
found  right  across  from  the  foot  of  the  Cordil- 
lera to  the  coast,  but  we  have  not  heard  of  any 
deep  gravels.  Our  river  beds,  as  I  said  before, 
have  been  worked,  where  the  sand  or  gravel 
was  shallow  and  there  was  little  water,  but  not 
in  any  places  where  the  sand  is  deep  and  pump- 
ing or  any  machinery  is  required. 

We  are  unfortunately  separated  from  you  by 
long  distance,  difference  of  language,  and  conse- 
quent ignorance  of  your  mines  and  mining  pro- 
gress, and  bad  postal  arrangements. 

Mining-  Claims, 
However,  are  easily  and  cheaply  secured,  and 
the  law  will  protect  you  in  holding  your  mines. 
Your  capitalists  and  miners  will  find  a  new 
field  where  they  will  make  fortunes  as  well  as 
give  new  life  to  Chile,  now  suffering  from  a 
severe  commercial  crisis  and  from  the  low  price 
of  copper,  to  the  mining  of  which  all  the  energy 
and  capital  of  the  country  has  been  devoted, 
and  which  delays  the  working  of  the  gold  wash- 
ings and  mines,  for  which  latter  there  is  not  one 
single  stamp  mill  yet  erected.  American  eagles 
have  been  sold  as  high  as  30,  premium  and  drafts 
on  the  United  States  in  proportion.  There 
will  be  a  demand  for  hydraulic  mining  engi- 
neers, and  those  with  proper  credentials  will 
secure  first-class  positions.  Miners  who  under- 
stand working  monitors,  erecting  flumes,  tail 
sluices  and  practical  hydraulic  mining  will  do 
well,  as,  also,  those  who  understand  river-bed 
workings  on  their  own  account  will  find  plenty 
of  room.  The  rest,  as  regards  climate,  security 
and  government  are  satisfactory.  Those  who 
are  not  doing  well  in  California  and  want  a  new 
field  may  come.  They  seem  to  consider  almost 
any  arrival  from  California  as  an  authority,  and 
one  lately  arrived  gave  un  unfavorable  opinion 
on  a  river-bed  claim  on  the  Marga-Marga  stream, 
without  knowing  anything  of  or  seeing  the 
gravel  deposits  above  the  claim;  surely  in  pro- 
portion to  the  richness  and  extent  of  the  gravel 
benches,  so  will  the  river-bed  claims  be.  Finally, 
therefore,  we  require  capital  and  competent 
hydraulic  and  river-bed  miners  to  give  us  new 
life,  and  I  consider  we  can  offer  them  good 
prospects.  '  John  P.  Sewell. 

Valparaiso,  Nov.  22d,  187S. 


Heat  of  Thermal  Springs. 

Editors  Press: — The  article  in  your  issue  of 
January  31st,  under  the  caption  of  the  "Heat 
of  the  Comstock,"  shows  that  Prof.  Church's 
careful  studies  of  the  heat  in  the  Comstock 
mines  have  rendered  a  service  to  science,  by 
demonstrating  that  it  is  not  due  to  radiation 
and  conduction  of  the  stores  of  heat  of  a  once 
molten  mass  of  contiguous  rock. 

Thoughtful  students  of  the 

Facts  Developed  by  Mining- 
Have  long  seen  that  the  more  they  are  consid- 
ered the  more  they  appear  incompatible  with 
the  generally  received  notions  that,  all  meta- 
morphic  rocks  have  been  subjected  to  a  semi- 
vitrifying  heat,  and  all  primitive  and  crystal- 
line rocks  have  been  in  a  state  of  igneous  jusion. 
The  same  facts  have  driven  into  the  back- 
ground the  formerly  prevalent  idea  of  the  injec- 
tion of  quartz,  molten  quartz,  as  veins,  into 
rock  fissures.  It  may  be  said,  even,  that  1 
vanced  students  of  nature  begin  to  doubt 
whether  the  heat  of  all  thermal  springs  and  of 
volcanoes  is  derived  from  that  hypothetical  store 
of  the  molten  interior  of  this  once  incandescent 
globe. 

Convinced  that  another  solution  for  these 
facts  is  required,  I  beg,  through  your  columns, 
to  add  the  following  as 

Correlative 

To  the  conclusions  of  Prof.   Church,    given  in 
the  article  above  mentioned, 

A  mile  south  of  the  town  of  Cherry  Creek, 
White  Pine  county,  Nevada,  on  the  sloping 
mesa,  at  the  foot  of  the  eastern  slope  of  the 
Egan  range,  are  San  Rafael  hot  springs,  belong- 
ing to  the  San  Jose  Mining  Company,  where, 
under  my  own  observation,  the  out-flow  of  the 
water  has  been  proven  to  be  substantially 
uniform,  but  the  temperature  varying  from  97° 


to,  130°  Fahr.  This  variation  in  temperature  is 
at  irregular  intervals  of  time,  for  which  there  is 
no  law  of  periodicity.  The  temperature  of.  the 
water  shows  some  sympathy  with  certain  ap- 
proaching changes  in  the  weather,  increasing  on 
the  approach  of  a  southerly  wind  storm. 
Upon  these  facts  I  make  the  following 
Observations : 

1.  Since  the  out-fiow  of  water  is  uniform  and 
its  temperature  variable,  the  source  of  heat 
must  be  variable. 

2.  This  seems  probable  only  in  one  of  two 
ways:  Either  the  water  must  remain  in  contact, 
with  the  heating  surface  longer  at  sometimes 
than  at  others,  or  this  surface  must  be  some- 
times hotter  than  at  others. 

3.  The  steadiness  of  the  outflow  and  the  ab- 
sence of  periodicity  in  its  changes  of  tempera- 
ture, forbid  the  supposition  that  the  water  re- 
mains sQmetimes  longer  than  others  in  con- 
tact with  the  heating  surface  of  uniform  tem- 
perature; by  reason  of  a  change  of  its  route,  or 
of  intermittent  storage. 

4.  We  must,  therefore,  conclude  that  the 
temperature  of  the  heating  surface  varies. 

5.  But  if  so,  the  heat  cannot  be  derived  from 
that  great  hypothetical  reservoir  of  central 
heat;  for  reason  and  experience  show  that  both 
radiation  and  conduction  from  this  source  must 
be  so  absolutely  uniform  as  to  make  the  temper- 
ature of  the  interior  of  the  earth,  at  equal 
depths,  all  over  the  globe  nearly  equal.  As  an 
example,  within  my  own  observation  at  San 
Jose  mines,  Egan,  Nevada  (at  the  head  of  a 
tunnel  1,200  feet  long  and  450  feet  below  the 
surface,  with  its  mouth  open  and  hands  and 
cars  constantly  going  and  coming,  the  outside 
air  varying  from  14a  to  35°  Fahr.  below  zero  in 
winter,  to  90°  Fahr.  in  the  shade  in  summer), 
the  temperature  never  varied  from  60°  to  62° 
Fahr. 

6.  Central  heat  cannot,  therefore,  supply  the 
heat  that  warms  the  waters  of  these  springs, 
and  we  are  driven  to  suppose  that  chemical, 
electro-chemical,  or  the  heat  of  the  magnetic 
tension  must  heat  these  waters  to  their  varying 
temperature.  That  chemical  decompositions  and 
re- compositions  are  capable  of  producing  any 
and  all  degrees  of  heat  every  educated  person 
knows— -every  combustion  from  a  candle  to  a 
conflagration  is  an  illustration  at  once  of  the 
variability  and  intensity  of  chemical  action.  It 
is  probable  that  careful  observations  on  thermal 
springs,  generally,  would  show  variations  of 
temperature  in  theirjwaters,ouly  to  be  accounted 
for  by  a  variable  source  of  heat,  for  which  no 
cause  seems  so  thoroughly  adequate  as  the  heat 
of  chemical  reactions. 

7.  But  have  we  facts  indicating  such  reactions 
in  the  crust  of  the  cold  and  quiet  earth  ? 

Look  at  the  changes  of  sedimentary  into  met- 
amorphic  rocks!  Look  at  the  crystalline, 
double,  triple  and  multiple  silicates  called  crys- 
talline and  primitive  rocks!  Chemical  combi- 
nations cover  the  face  of  the  globe.  Who  knows 
what  stimulents  to  chemical  reactions  lie  in 
great  pressures,  presence  of  water  holding  min- 
eral solutions,  accumulations  of  heat  and  vast 
thermo-electric  earth   currents,  etc  ? 

8.  Is  it  not  probable  that  hot  springs  and 
volcanoes  derive  their  heat  from  great  chemical 
reactions  ? 

9.  May  not  these  reactions  be  converting  sed- 
imentary into  metamorphic  and  crystalline 
rocks,  as  actively  now  as  in  past  time  ? 

10.  If  sedimentary  rocks  are  the  debris  of 
primitive,  why  cannot  and  may  not  there  be  a 
chemical  reorganization  of  these  debris  into 
crystalline  rocks  ? 

11.  Is  the  conversion  of  sedimentary  into 
metermorphic  rocks  anything  more  wonderful 
than  the  formation  of  artificial  stone  from  its 
dusty  elements  ?  Or  the  change  of  one  kind 
of  metermorphic  rock  into  another  or  into 
crystalline  rocks  more  strange  than  the  petri- 
faction of  wood  ? 

Let  observers  accumulate  and  publish  facts 
about  hot  springs  and  metermorphisms  found  in 
mining  explorations,  and  we  shall  obtain  a  key 
to  nature's  present  mineralogical  operations 
which  will  he  valuable  to  science  and  to  our 
mining  interest.  W.  S.  Eosecrans. 

San  Francisco,  Cal.,  January  25th,   1879. 


The  Tuolumne  Cave. — This  cave  has  been 
explored  for  half  a  mile;  and  Gardner,  the  dis- 
coverer, thinks  he  has  determined  the  extent  of 
it  to  be  over  four  miles.  On  the  1st  of  Decem- 
ber, 187S,  Gardner  says  he  was  engaged  in 
working  his  placer  claim,  which  is  distant  300 
feet  from  the  entrance  of  the  cave,  when  a 
squirrel  perched  itself  upon  a  tree  near  by,  and 
commenced  to  chatter  and  spit  acorn  chucks  at 
him.  He  repaired  to  his  cabin,  armed  himself 
with  a  double-barreled  shot-gun,  and  fired  seven 
rounds  at  his  squrrrelship — the  seventh  just  as 
his  little  tormentor  was  disappearing  in  the 
dark  recesses  of  this  crevice  in  the  ledge  above 
his  claim.  Descending  by'ladder  10  feet,  you 
reach  the  floor  of  an  inclined  archway,  dipping 
at  an  angle  pf  35  degrees  from  20  to  30  feet  fn 
hight,  by  30  feet  in  width.  Descending  the 
incline,  which  is  100  feet  in  length,  you 
reach  the  floor  of  the  grand  archway,  from 
40  to  GO  feet  in  hight,  varying  in  width  from 
20  to  30  feet,  from  which  radiate  scores  of 
similar  archways  leading  to  spacious  chambers. 
Lofty  ceilings  draped  with  brilliant  stalactites 
glitter  and  sparkle  in  the  light  of  a  lamp 
like  gem.  The  floors  and  wall  of  this  sub- 
terraneous hall  are  entirely  coated  with  stal- 
agmites. The  location  is  between  the  South 
and  Main  Stanislaus  rivers,  near  their  junction, 
and  one  mile  northeast  of  the  ancient  and 
classical  town  of  Pine  Log. 


Soluble  Gold,  Silver  and  Lead  Combina- 
tions. 

[Written  for  the  Press  by  C.  H.  Aaron.] 

Touching  the  lixiviation  process,  or  pro- 
cesses, for  there  are  several  of  them,  it  seems 
that  one  obstacle  to  their  general  adoption  is 
the  prevalence  of  gold,  more  or  less,  in  our 
ores.  It  is  true  that  Mr.  Brookes,  of  Lower 
California,  and  other  gentlemen,  have  stated 
that  in  treating  the  Mexican  ores  by  the  Patera 
or  Kiss  process  more  gold  is  got  than  formerly 
by  amalgamation,  but  this  process  is  not  sup- 
posed to  extract  gold;  and  notwithstanding  the 
rather  unexpected  fact,  of  which  of  course 
there  is  no  question,  it  does  not  appear  that  it 
can  be  relied  on  when  any  considerable  quan- 
tity of  that  metal  is  present. 

I  have  as  yet  seen  no  explanation  of  the  ex- 
traction of  gold  by  this  process. 

In  What  Combination 
Does  it  exist,  and  how  is  that  combination 
produced  ?  It  cannot  be  the  terchloride  which 
is  formed  in  Plattner's  process,  for  that  com- 
pound could  not  exist  under  the  conditions  I 
think;  and  if  it  could,  it  would  all  pass  off  in 
the  wash  water,  or  be  reduced  by  the  proto- 
salts  of  metals  dissolved  therein,  which  would 
make  it  insoluble  in  the  leaehing  liquid. 
Neither  can  it  be  dissolved  by  persalts  in  the 
wash  water,  else  it  would  again  be  lost. 

There  is,  however,  a  certain  compound  of 
gold,  chlorine  and  sodium,  which  it  is  possible 
to  form  in  the  furnace,  at  a  low  red  heat, 
which  is  stable  at  that  heat,  and  which,  though 
insoluble  in  water,  is  rendered  soluble  by  the 
aid  of  hyposulphites,  but  cannot  be  amalga- 
mated. I  cannot  just  now  recollect  my  author- 
ity for  these  facts,  but  I  remember  that  an  at- 
tempt was  made  somewhere  to  adapt  the  prin- 
ciple to  the  working-of  gold  ores,  but  I  believe 
without  much  success,  doubtless  owing  to  the 
difficulty  of  getting  all  the  gold  into  proper 
condition,  though  a  furnace  of  special  construc- 
tion was  used. 

It  has  occurred  to  me  that  as  the  ores  which 
Mr.  Brookes  is  working  contain  a  great  quan- 
tity of  base  metals,  including  iron,' which  form 
in  the  furnace  chlorides  which  are  more  or  less 
volatile  and  unstable,  it  may  be  that,  although 
the  above  mentioned  compound  of  gold  would 
not  be  produoed  at  the  high  temperature  used 
in  finishing  a  charge  of  silver  ore,  yet  the  reac- 
tion may  take  place  after  the  glowing  charge  is 
removed  from  the  surface,  and,  as  is  usual,  is 
allowed  to  lie  in  a  pile  for  some  time,  during 
which  the  gradually  cooling  mass  is  permeated 
by  vapors  of  salt,  chlorine,  volatile  base  metal 
chlorides,  and  possibly  a  little   sulphuric  acid. 

If  this  is  the  true  explanation,  it  may  be 
worth  the  while  of  those  who  are  engaged  in 
treating  ore  by  the  Patera  process,  in  those 
cases  in  which  a  little  gold  is  present,  to  pay 
some  attention  to  the  matter,  and  so  manage  as 
to  cause  as  much  as  possible  of  the  gold  to  enter 
into  this  peculiar  combination. 

Soluble  Silver  Combinations. 

Mr.  Hoffman,  in  his  interesting  article  on 
lixiviation  by  the  Patera  process,  in  your  issue 
of  Dec.  21st,  says  that  the  bath  dissolves  only 
that  portion  of  the  silver  which  is  in  the  state 
of  chloride.  I  must  venture  to  say  I  think  this 
a  mistake. 

I  have  heretofore  published,  in  your  columns, 
an  account  of  some  investigations  of  this  point, 
which  convinced  me  that  the  ordinary  "chlor- 
ination  test"  made  with  sodium  hyposulphite 
cannot  he  reKed  upon  to  determine  the  quantity 
of  silver  existing  as  chloride  in  the  roasted  ore, 
because  a  portion,  often  considerable,  of  silver 
is  dissolved  which  is  not  chloride,  and  which, 
in  my  experiments,  seemed  to  be  a  double  or 
multiple  sulphate  of  silver,  lead,  etc. 

Moreover,  I  find  that  the  hyposulphites,  espe- 
cially in  hot  solution,  can  extract  a  great  quan- 
tity, as  much  as  80%  of  silver  from  unroasted 
ores  in  which  it  certainly  does  not  exist  as 
chloride. 
'  The  point  may  not  be  quite  immaterial,  for, 
though  as  Mr.  Hoffman  says,  all  the  silver 
which  can  be  extracted  by  the  chlorination  test 
can  also  be  got  in  the  larger  operation;  yet  it  is 
probable  that  the  more  perfectly  the  silver  is 
chloridized  the  purer  will  be  the  resulting  bul- 
lion, so  that  a  test  which  is  misleading  in  this 
respect  is  so  far  defective.  Hot  brine  has  the 
same  inconvenience  of  dissolving  compounds, 
other  than  chloride  of  silver,  which  may  exist 
in  roasted  ores.  Perhaps  ammonia  might  an- 
swer better. 

I  cannot  help  thinking  that  the 
"Lead  Chloride  " 
Which  Mr.   Hoffman  finds   so   difficult  to  ex- 
tract with  hot   water  may  he   the  double  sul- 
phate (or  whatever  it  is)  which  I  found,  and 
which  is  quite  insoluble  in  hot  water. 

The  compound  mentioned  is  inconvenient  in 
treating  roasted  ore  in  pans,  as,  though  grad- 
ually reduced,  it  takes  longer  time,  and  the 
silver  is  contaminated  by  lead.  Its  formation 
may  probably  be  prevented,  in  part,  by  the 
presence  of  plenty  of  available  sulphur  in  the 
roasting  ore. 

Wire  Netting  fok  Protecting  Crops. — It 
is  stated  by  an  English  exchange  that  one 
Bristol  firm,  that  of  John  Lysaght,  sends  no  less 
than  1,000,000  yards  of  wire  netting  to  Austra- 
lia, where  there  is  a  growing  demand  for  it,  to 
protect  the  crops  from  the  kangaroo  and  wal- 
laby. 


February  8,  1879. ~\ 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


83 


ECHANICAL 


i 

<  _- 


ROGRESS. 


Solidity  in  Iron  Casting. 

Great  difficulty  is  experienced  in  the  ordinary 

way  of  casting  to  get  a  uniformity  in  the  mesa 
anil  any  near  approach  to  perfect  solidity.  For 
some  yean  past  this  difficulty  has  been  obviated 
to  a  more  or  leee  extent  by  mechanical  pleasure. 

The  possibility  of  doing  this  was  verj  fully 
shown  at  the  recent  Pans  exposition,  by  Mr. 
Whit  worth,  of  Manchester,  England,  whose  ex- 
hibit comprised  an  excellent  collection  of  com- 
pact pressed  castings  which,  when  compared 
with  the  impressed  ingots  shown  alongside,  gave 
striking  tendency  of  the  utility  and  effect  of 
mechanical  compression  in  iron  casting. 

Since  the  introduction  of  mechanical  pressure 
in  casting,  however,  it  has  been  discovered  that 
■  much  better  result  in  the  same  direction  may 
\m  more  readily  obtained  by  chemical  action. 
This  chemical  action  consists  in  the  deoxidizing 
action  of  manganese,  silicon,  etc.,  in  the  mass 
of  the  iron  while  in  its  molten  state.  This  new 
process  has  quite  recently  been  brought  to  au 
astonish  in l,'  degree  of  perfection.  This  was 
fully  •thown,  at  the  Paris  exposition,  by  the 
French  Terrenoire  Company,  and  by  other  ex- 
hibits, both  French  and  English.  These  exhibits 
proved  most  conclusively  that  compact  castings, 
containing  but  small  amounts  of  carbon,  can  ne 
produced  on  a  scale  and  to  a  degree  of  perfec- 
tion hitherto  unthonght  of,  simply  by  a  skillful 
use  of  deoxidants.  Not  only  manganese  and 
silicon  can  be  successfully  U9ed,  but  tungsten 
and  chromium  can  be  employed  to  the  same  end. 

Silicon  has  been  found  to  be  by  far  the  most 
effective  of  these  reagents  ;  but  it  is  accom- 
panied with  the  disadvantage,  that,  when  used 
in  excess,  it  is  more  harmful  to  the  quality  of 
steel  than  that  of  either  of  the  other  substances 
used  for  producing  the  desired  hardening  results. 
For  this  reason  manganese  is  preferred,  and 
used  in  the  form  of  ferro-manganese,  or  ferro- 
manganous  silicide.  Hitherto  there  has  been 
much  difficulty  in  obtaining  such  alloys  ;  but  at 
the  present  time  these  alloys  can  be  produced 
in  any  desirable  proportion  up  to  87%  of  man- 
ganese, a  thing  which,  two  years  ago,  was  con- 
sidered an  utter  impossibility.  In  additioD  to 
the  value  of  this  process  of  oxidation  as  a  means 
for  obtaining  solid,  ompouud  castings,  these 
same  alloys  are  also  employed  for  the  purpose  of 
deoxidizing  mild  steel,  which  can  thus  be  brought 
down  to  any  desirable  degree  of  poverty  in  car- 
bon, say,  to  five  one-hundredths  of  a  per  cent. 
As  already  intimated,  the  technical  progress 
which  has  placed  this  process  within  the  range 
of  ready  practicability,  is  the  discovery  by 
which  the  compounds  needed  may  be  produced 
at  a  sufficiently  cheap  rate. 


A  New  Test  for  Steel. 

Although  the  mechanical  and  practical  tests  em- 
ployed to  ascertain  the  quality  of  steel  undoubt- 
edly offer  the  basis  for  a  good  estimate  of  the  ma- 
terial, and  valid  conclusions  may  in  many  cases 
be  drawn  as  to  homogeneity  from  the  appearance 
of  the  fracture,  serious  mistakes  may  be  made 
in  the  latter  course,  because  even  close  steely 
fracture  cannot  always  be  relied  upon;  nor  is 
the  fact  that  in  manufacture  the  steel  has  passed 
through  a  liquid  condition,  a  guarantee  for  its 
homogeneity.  The  question  is,  whether  the 
particles  of  steel  which  iu  a  state  of  rest  are 
uniformly  grouped,  are  so  also  when  the  material 
is  subjected  to  stress.  The  molecular  changes 
to  which  fibrous  iron  is  subject  under  long- 
continued  vibrations  or  concussions,  are  well 
known,  and  it  is  established  that  similar 
changes  of  structure,  caused  by  molecular  move- 
ment, occur  with  steel  also,  though  not  so  fre- 
quently. The  result  of  long-continued  vibra- 
tion of  iron  and  steel,  is  a  gradual  decrease  of 
cohesion.  A  means  for  ascertaining  the  degree 
of  such  a  molecular  change  and  its  consequences, 
would  naturally  possess  great  practical  impor- 
tance. 

Prof.  Anton  von  Kerpely  has  recently  read 
before  the  Hungarian  Academy  of  Sciences,  an 
important  and  interesting  paper,  in  which  he 
claims  to  have  elaborated  a  simple  means  for 
attaining  the  desired  end,  a  claim  which  he 
substantiates  by  the  publication  of  the  reproduc- 
tions of  a  series  of  fractures  of  various  grades  of 
steel,  obtained  by  widely  differing  processes  of 
manufacture  and  under  widely  differing  circum- 
stances. His  test  consists  of  fracturing  the 
sample  when  hot,  and,  in  order  to  secure  a  uni- 
form temperature  below  red,  he  has  chosen  the 
dark  blue  color  as  an  indicator.  The  following 
is  his  method  in  carrying  out  this  plan  of 
fracturing  when  hot.  The  sample  to  be  ex 
amined,  is  placed  in  a  bah  of  lead,  which  is 
kept  at  low  temperature  in  a  graphite  crucible. 
After  15  to  20  minutes,  according  to  the  thick- 
ness of  the  rod,  it  assumes  the  temperature  of 
the  bath.  If  a  notch  has  not  been  made  at  the 
place  where  the  fracture  is  to  be  effected,  it  can 
be  easily  done  when  the  rod  is  hot.  With  a 
bath  of  low  temperature  the  rod  cools  down  too 
much  by  being  placed  on  the  anvil  ;  in  such  a 
case  it  must  be  returned  to  the  bath. 

The  best  way  to  determine  whether  the  sam- 
ple rod  has  reached  the  proper  color  tempera- 
ture, is  to  polish  a  portion  with  a  file  and  no- 
tice the  color  of  the  brightened  surface.  If  no 
color  appears,  or  the  blue  disappears  rapidly,  the 


rod  is  too  hot;  but  if  any  other  color  but  blue 
remains  constant  for  some  time,  the  rod  is  too 
cold.  As  soon  as  the  proper  temperature  has 
been  struck  the  fracture  must  be  made.  Prof. 
Kerpely  has  made  a  long  series  of  tests  with 
steels  from  various  processes  of  manufacture. 
His  general  conclusions  from  these  are  the  fol- 
lowing: Good  crucible  steel  shows  a  peculiar 
behavior.  Molecular  change,  though  plainly 
discernible  by  the  line  scaly  structure,  is 
trilling  only  when  compared  to  results  obtained 
with  other  grades.  The  fracture  is  almost 
smooth,  and  homogeneity  seems  to  have  been 
impaired  but  little,  and  it  is  only  with  the  soft- 
est kinds  of  cast  steel  that  the  structure  be- 
comes somewhat  more  scaly  in  character. 
Bessemer  steel  of  middling  hardness  showed 
quite  a  high  degree  of  disturbance  of  the  mo- 
lecular structure,  having  &  coarsely  and  deeply 
furrowed  fracture,  bearing  Borne  resemblance  to 
wrought  iron.  Although  it  does  not  follow 
that  all  Bessemer  steel  will  exhibit  such  char- 
acteristics, Prof.  Kerpely  believes  that  the 
fracture  of  the  steel  may  be  relied  upon,  in 
most  cases,  as  an  indicator  in  tracing  the  origin 
of  a  steel,  and  often  in  permitting  conclusions 
as  to  the  treatment  it  has  undergone.  The 
.subject  is  one  which  certainly  deserves  experi- 
mental inquiry  at  the  hands  of  American  met- 
allurgists and  steel   manufacturers. — Iron  Age. 


*w 


iCIENTIFIC 


Transmitting  Power  by  Electric i  re.  — 
Profs.  Elihu  Thomson  and  Edwin  J.  Houston 
have  an  important  article  in  the  journal  of  the 
Franklin  Institute  for  January,  concerning  the 
practicability  of  the  transmission  of  powertolong 
distances  by  means  of  electricity.  It  has  been 
stated  by  an  eminent  electrician  that  the  thick- 
ness of  the  cable  required  to  convey  the  current 
that  could  be  produced  by  the  power  of  Niagara 
wouhl  require  more  cooper  than  exists  in  the 
enormous  deposits  in  the  Lake  Superior  region. 
Another  statement  estimates  the  cost  of  the 
cable  at  about  $G0  per  lineal  foot.  Profs. 
Thomson  and  Houston  on  the  contrary  assert 
that  it  is  possible,  should  it  be  deemed  desir- 
able, to  convey  the  total  power  of  Niagara  a 
distance  of  500  miles  or  more  by  copper  cable 
not  exceeding  one-half  of  an  inch  in  thickness, 
Stripped  of  its  theoretical  considerations,  they 
say  the  important  fact  still  remains,  that  with 
a  cable  of  very  limited  size,  an  enormous  quan- 
tity of  power  may  be|transferred  to  considerable 
distances.  The  burning  of  coal  in  the  mines, 
and  the  conveyance  of  the  power  generated  by 
the  flow  of  rivers,  may  therefore  be  regarded  as 
practicable,  always,  however,  remembering  that 
a  loss  of  about  50%  will  be  almost  unavoidable. 


Transmission  of  Heat  by  Steel  Plates. — 
Mr.  John  Collins,  of  the  Bolton  Iron  and  Steel 
Company,  Pennsylvania,  has  been  making  some 
experiments  on  the  relative  heat-conducting 
power  of  iron  and  steel  boiler  plates.  The  ap- 
paratus used  by  him  consisted  of  exactly  similar 
plates  of  steel  or  iron  11|  inches  square,  23-100 
of  an  inch  thick,  supported  on  glass  legs,  heated 
by  a  "Bunsen"  burner  consuming  equal  quanti- 
ties of  gas,  maintained  at  constant  pressure  of 
two  inches,  and  a  basin  three  inches  in  diame- 
ter placed  in  center  of  plate,  containing  mer- 
cury in  which  a  delicate  thermometer  was  im- 
mersed. The  temperature  of  the  mercury  was 
then  raised  from  20°  C,  to  ICO"  C,  and  relative 
times  noted.  The  average  gain  in  time  of  steel 
over  iron  plates  of  equal  thickness  is  13%. 
When  the  relative  thickness  of  the  plates  as 
used  in  boiler  building  is  taken,  this  gives  an 
average  gain  of  about  20%.  In  steam  boiler 
trials,  where  boilers  are  similar  in  all  respects, 
say  thickness  and  material,  the  actual  gain  in 
working  20  days  of  12  hours  each  shows  actual 
evaporative  power  of  20%  in  favor  of  steel.  In 
another  series  of  a  similar  nature  by  Stucken- 
tholtz,  the  results  gave  19.6%  and  20.8%  in 
favor  of  steel. 


Silicide  of  Iron. — Mr.  Lawrence  Smith 
called  the  attention  of  the  Academie  des  Sci- 
ences, at  the  meeting  of  December  9th,  to  a  re- 
markable specimen  of  silicide  of  iron.  It  was 
a  piece  of  pig  metal  of  about  three  kilogrammes 
weight,  and  with  a  brilliant  surface  which  re- 
sisted almost  all  ordinary  chemical  agents.  The 
color  of  the  mass  was  almost  the  same  as  that 
of  platinum,  and  its  specific  weight  was  almost 
6.50.  The  result  of  the  investigation  to  which 
Mr.  Lawrence  Smith  submitted  it  is  that  this 
metallic  mass  is  a  siliciureted  iron,  remarkably 
rich  in  silicon,  and  that  it  is  evidently  the 
product  of  a  blast  furnace.  The  accidental 
discovery  of  this  mass  proves  that  there  can  be 
produced  on  a  large  scale,  iron  containing  a 
much  larger  proportion  of  silicon  than  has  ever 
been  produced  in  the  laboratory,  and  more  than 
double  that  contained  in  the^  silico-ferro-man- 
ganese  of  the  Terrenoire  Company,  which 
figured  at  the  exposition,  and  which   contained 

10%. 

Ikon  BUGGIES. — The  introduction  of  iron 
buggies  is  now  proposed.  An  inventor  has  con- 
structed a  vehicle  which  consists  exclusively  of 
iron  and  steel.  For  instance,  in  place  of  hickory 
spokes  and  oak  felloes,  be  employs  wrought-iron 
tubes  and  T  iron  ;  these  tubes  fit  into  the  axle 
box  at  one  end,  aud  are  riveted  to  the  T  iron  at 
the  other.  The  first  noticeable  effect  of  the 
employment  of  iron  for  all  parts,  it  is  said,  has 
been  to  add  to  the  weight  of  the  vehicle,  this 
having  accrued  in  spite  of  the  thinness  of  the 
parts.  The  cost  also  has  been  enhanced,  but 
for  this  the  augmented  strength  and  durability 
are  regarded  as  a  full  equivalent.  In  appearance 
it  is  neat  and  light. 


ROGRESS. 


Ultra-Gaseous  Matter. 

Mr.  Loekyer's  alleged  discovery  of  the  dis- 
sociation of  the  elements  is  not  the  only  novel 
scientific  announcement  whioh  has  been  made 
to  the  world  during  the  past  few  months.  Prof. 
William  Crookes,  of  London,  well  known  to 
the  chemical  world,  has  recently  affirmed  the 
probable  existence  of  "a  fourth  state  of  matter 
— a  new  world — where  the  corpuscular  theory 
of  light  holds  good;  but  where  light  does  not 
always  move  in  a  straight  line." 

It  is  well  understood,  and  has  been  amply 
demonstrated,  that  the  three  states  of  matter — 
the  solid,  the  liquid  and  the  gaseous — though, 
widely  different  in  their  properties,  are  never- 
theless only  so  many  stages  of  physical  conti- 
nuity. The  one  passes  into  the  other  by  insen- 
sible gradations,  and  with  the  third  state  it  has 
heretofore  been  supposed  that  the  possibilities 
of  material  change  or  condition  were  ex- 
hausted. But  Mr.  Crookes,  iu  his  crucial  ex- 
periments, seems  to  have  advanced  another 
step,  and  has  apparently  demonstrated  the  ex- 
istence of  gases,  so  attenuated,  and  exhibiting 
properties  so  entirely  novel,  as  to  be  fairly  en- 
titled to  be  considered  ultra-gaseous,  or  matter 
in  ^fourth  condition. 

The  means  by  which  this  remarkable  result 
has  been  apparently  demonstrated  were  fully 
described  by  Mr.  Crookes  at  the  late  December 
meeting  of  the  British  Royal  Society.  In  his 
early  experiments  with  electric  discharges  in 
vacuum  tubes,  the  attention  of  Mr.  Crookes 
was  especially  drawn  to  the  dark  space  which 
appears  around  the  negative  pole  of  an  ordinary 
vacuum  tube  when  the  spark  of  an  inductive 
coil  is  passed  through  it.  He  has  employed 
different  gases  and  devised  various)  arrange- 
ments for  giving  greater  certainty  to  particular 
observations. 

In  order  to  more  fully  understand  what  Mr. 
Crookes  has  done,  the  reader  should  bear  in 
mind  that  the  physical  properties  of  gases  are 
due  to  their  molecular  condition — to  the  swing 
and  impact  of  their  molecules,  and  their  aver- 
age length  of  movement  between  collisions 
with  one  another.  It  is  obvious  that  if  the 
tenuity  of  gases  is  increased  by  exposing  them 
in  as  perfect  a  vacuum  as  our  best  instruments 
can  produce,  the  molecules  may  be  so  far  sepa- 
rated from  one  another  that  their  collisions 
must  become  much  less  frequent  than  under 
ordinary  conditions,  and  might  exhibit  proper- 
ties of  an  entirely  novel  character.  That  such 
is  the  fact,  has  been  fully  demonstrated  by  Mr. 
Crookes.  In  prosecuting  his  experiments,  Mr. 
Crookes  has  arranged  vessels  capable  of  high 
exhaustion,  and  through  these  he  passes  induc- 
tion discharges,  sealing  in  terminals  at  either 
end.  In  this  way  he  has  studied  the  identity 
of  the  illuminated,  lines  of  molecular  pressure 
with  the  invisible  molecular  strain  he  has  been 
for  so  many  years  observing.  By  introducing  a 
cup-shaped  fixed  disc,  which  is  made  the  nega- 
tive pole,  he  has  been  able  to  show  the  focus  of 
the  lines  of  force.  At  very  high  exhaustion, 
the  whole  bulb  becomes  illuminated  with  green- 
ish yellow,  or,  according  to  the  glass,  other 
colored  phosphorescent  light.  This  light  will 
not  turn  a  corner,  but  radiates  from  the  nega- 
tive pole  in  straight  lines,  casting  sharply  de- 
fined "shadows"  of  anything  placed  in  its  path. 
On  the  other  hand,  the  ordinary  luminous  phe- 
nomena of  vacuum  tubes  will  pass  along  any 
amount  of  curves  and  angles.  From  a  study  of 
these  "shadows"  Mr.  Crookes  advances  the 
theory  that  the  induction  spark  actually  illumi- 
nates the  lines  of  molecular  pressure,  caused  by 
the  electrical  excitement  of  the  negative  pole. 
He  considers  that  the  greenish  yellow  light  is 
caused  by  the  direct  impact  of  the  molecules  on 
the  surface  of  the  glass.  The  "shadows"  are 
not  optical,  but  are  molecular  "shadows",  only 
they  are  revealed  by  an  ordinary  illuminating 
effect. 

As  already  intimated,  his  investigations  began 
by  a  study  of  the  dark  space  which  surrounds 
the  negative  pole  when  an  induction  spark  is 
passed  through  a  highly  attenuated  gas.  The 
width  of  this  space  was  found  to  vary  with  the 
degree  of  exhaustion  of  the  tube,  with  the  kind 
of  gas  employed,  with  the  temperature  of  the 
negative  pole  and  with  the  intensity  of  the 
spark.  The  nature  of  the  dark  space  Prof. 
Crookes  interprets  as  follows: 

"The  thickness  of  the  dark  space  is  the  meas- 
ure of  the  mean  length  of  the  path  between 
successive  collisions  of  the  molecules.  The 
extra  velocity,  with  which  the  molecules  rebound 
from  the  excited  pole,  keeps  back  the  more 
slowly-moving  molecules  which  are  advancing 
toward  the  pole.  The  fight  occurs  at  the  bound- 
ary of  the  dark  space,  where  the  luminous  mar- 
gin bears  witness  to  the  energy  of  the  collisions 
of  the  molecules.  When  the  exhaustion  is  suf- 
ficiently high  for  the  mean  length  of  the  path 
between  successive  collisions  to  be  greater  than 
the  distance  between  the  electrode  and  the  glass, 
the  swiftly-rebounding  molecules  spend  then- 
force,  in  part  or  in  whole,  on  the  sides  of  the 
vessel,  and  the  production  of  light  is  the  conse- 
quence of  this  sudden  arrest  of  velocity.  When 
streams  of  molecular  discharge  are  focused  upon 
a  strip  of  platinum  wire  or  foil,  the  metal  be- 
comes not  only  luminous  but  highly  heated  by 
the  severity  of  the  bombardment ;  so,  too,  the 


molecular  impact  upon  the  side  of  the  inclosing 
glass  may  be  sufficient  to  make  the  spot  too  hot 
to  bo  borne  by  the  finger."  Experiments  had 
been  made  where  the  heat  rose  to  the  melting 
point  of  platiuum. 

By  an  ingenious  device,  the  Professor  had 
been  able  to  bring  a  magnet  to  bear  upon  the 
stream  of  projected  molecules,  so  that  they 
were  made  plainly  visible  to  the  eye.  Under 
the  action  of  the  magnet,  the  stream  of  mole- 
cules was  likened,  by  the  Professor,  to  a  stream 
of  cannon  balls  under  the  influence  of  gravita- 
tiou.     To  use  the  Professor's  own  words; 

"Comparing  the  free  molecules  to  cannon 
balls,  the  magnetic  pull  to  the  earth's  gravita- 
tion, and  the  electrical  excitation  of  the  negative 
pole  to  the  explosion  of  the  powder  in  the  gun, 
the  trajectory  will  be  tlat  when  no  gravitation 
acts,  and  curved  when  under  the  influence  of 
gravitation.  It  is,  also,  much  curved  when  the 
balls  pass  through  a  dense  resisting  medium  ;  it 
is  less  curved  when  the  resisting  medium  gets 
rarer;  and,  as  already  shown,  intensifying  the 
induction  spark,  equivalent  to  increasing  the 
charge  of  powder,  gives  greater  initial  velocity, 
and,  therefore,  flattens  the  trajectory.  The 
parallelism  is  still  closer  when  wo  compare  the 
evolution  of  light,  seen  when  the  shot  strikes  the 
target  with  the  phosphorescence  on  the  glass 
screen  from  molecular  impacts." 

Applied  to  a  stream  of  molecules  the  magnet 
twists  the  trajectory  of  the  molecules  round 
in  a  direction  at  an  angle  to  their  free  path, 
and  to  a  greater  extent  as  they  are  nearer 
the  magnet,  the  direction  of  the  twist  being 
that  of  the  electric  current  passing  round 
the  electro-magnet.  The  two  poles  of  the 
magnet  twist  the  stream  in  opposite  directions. 
The  impact  of  the  flying  molecules  raises  the 
temperature  of  any  body  interposed  to  arrest 
their  flight,  just  as  the  impact  of  a  stream 
of  cannon  balls  heats  a  resisting  body  arresting 
their  flight. 

The  conclusions  as  to  the  existence  of  an 
"  ultra-gaseous "  Btate  of  matter  arise  from 
theoretical  speculations  as  to  the  state  in  which 
it  exists  in  these  highly  exhausted  vessels.  The 
modern  idea  of  the  gaseous  state,  as  already  in- 
timated, is  based  upon  the  supposition  that  a 
given  space  contains  millions  of  millions  of 
molecules  in  rapid  motion  in  all  directions,  each 
having  millions  of  encounters  with  others  in  a 
second.  In  such  a  case,  the  length  of  the  mean 
free  path  of  the  molecules  is  excessively  small, 
as  compared  with  the  dimensions  of  the  vessel 
containing  it,  and  the  properties  which  consti- 
tute the  ordinary  gaseous  state  of  matter,  and  • 
which  depend  upon  constant  collisions,  are  ob- 
served. By  the  great  rarefaction  which  Mr. 
Crookes  has,  by  years  of  experience,  been  now 
able  to  obtain,  the  free  path  of  the  molecules 
may  be  made  so  long  that  the  hits  in  a  second 
may  be  neglected  in  comparison  with  the  miBseB, 
and  the  average  molecule  is  allowed  to  obey  its 
own  motions  or  laws  without  interference  ;  and 
if  the  mean  free  path  is  comparable  to  the  di- 
mensions of  the  vessel,  the  properties  which 
constitute  gaseity  are  reduced  to  a  minimum, 
and  the  latter  becomes  exalted  to  an  "ultra- 
gaseous  "  state.  Then  new  and  decided  prop- 
erties come  into  play. 


Wood  Pulp  for  Paper. 

The  scarcity  of  paper  material  has  of  late 
years  led  to  quite  a  large  employment  of  wood 
pulp  as  a  mixture  with  other  fibers  in  the  man- 
ufacture of  paper.  Experience,  however,  is 
beginning  to  show  that  this  addition  to  the 
usual  paper  stock  is  very  prejudicial  to  the 
lasting  quality  of  the  material.  Prof.  Reu- 
leaux  recently  called  attention  to  the  Bubject 
in  a  lecture  delivered  at  Leipsic,  pointing  out 
that,  as  the  paper  used  in  the  German  public 
offices  is  mainly  composed  of  wood,  the  de- 
struction from  natural  causes,  of  any  important 
official  record?,  may  be  expected.  He  limits 
their  duration  to  about  15  years. 

This  reference  is  to  writing  paper,  in  which 
but  a  small  quantity  of  wood  is  used.  How 
much  greater  must  be  the  loss  and  inconvenience 
in  the  case  of  printed  books,  into  which  a  very 
large  proportion  of  wood  enters.  According  to 
Prof.  Reuleaux's  authority,  all  our  libraries,  if 
made  up  of  paper  so  adulterated,  will  have  to 
be  renewed  every  15  or  20  years,  instead  of 
lasting  for  hundreds  of  years,  as  is  the  case 
with  paper  made  from  the  usual  fibers. 

Mean  Distance  of  Water  Molecules.— 
Herman  Herwig  concludes  that  no  two  molecu- 
lar layers  in  water  can  be  more  than  1-86  of  a 
millionth  of  a  millimeter  apart,  and  that  the 
same  is  true  with  regard  to  the  mean  distances 
of  adjacent  molecular  centers.  Sir  William 
Thomson  had  previously  estimated  the  least 
value  of  the  same  distances  at  0.05  millionths 
of  a  millimeter.  These  two  estimates,  one  be- 
ing less  than  four-fold  the  other,  furnish  satis- 
factory approximations  to  the  true  value. — Ann. 
der  Phys.  u.  Cheni. 

Enormous  Submarine  Plant. —Explorers 
have  recently  reported  the  discovery  of  an 
enormous  submarine  plant  in  the  North  Pacific 
ocean.  It  is  known  to  botanists  as  the  Macro- 
eistis  pyrttera,  is  said  to  dwarf  all  vegetable 
products  yet  known  by  its  prodigious  propor- 
tions. It  grows  sometimes  to  such  a  size  as  to 
cover  vast  areas  of  sea-bed,  one  specimen  having 
been  discovered  that  occupied  by  measurement 
three  square  miles,  while  the  stem  was  eight 
feet  thick. 


84 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS 


[February  8,   1879. 


Table  of  Highest  and  Lowest  Sales  in 
S.  F.  Stock  Exchange. 


Name  or 
Company. 


Week 
Ending 

-Jan.  Hi. 


Alpha 

Alta 

Andes 

Alps 

Argenta 

Atlantic 

Aurora  Tunnel. . . 
Baltimore  Con... 

Belcher 

Belmont 

Bestfc  Belcher... 

Bullion 

Bechtel 

Belle  Isle 

Bodie 

Benton 

Bulwer 

Boyle 

Black  Hawk 

Belvidere 

Booker 

Caledonia 

California 

Challenge 

Ohollar-Potosi.... 

Comanche 

Confidence 

Con  Imperial..  .. 

Con  Virginia 

Crown  Point 

Con  Washoe 

Champion 

Concordia 

Dayton 

DeFrees 

Daney 

Day 

Eureka  Con 

Exchequer 

Endowment 

Gen  Thomas 

Grand  Prize 

Gila .' 

Golden  Chariot. . . 

Golden  Terra 

Goodshaw 

Gould  &  Curry.... 
Hale  &  Norcross. . 

Hillside 

Highbridge 

Homeatake 


Independence . . 

Julia 

Justice 

Jackson 

Joe  Scatea 

KKCon 

Kentuck 

Kossuth 

Keyatone 

Lady  Bryan .... 

Lady  Wash 

Leopard 

Leviathan 

Leeds 

Lee 

May  Belle 

Modoo 

Manhattan 

Martin  White.. 

McClinton 

Meadow  Valley. 

Mexican 

Mides 

•  Morning  Star 

North  Con  Virginia 

New  York 

Northern  Belle 

New  Coso 

Navajo 

Occidental 

Ophir 

Oriental 

Overman 

Panther 

Phenix 

Phil  Sheridan 

Prospect  

Raymond  &  Ely 

Richer 

Rock  Island 

Rye  Patch 

Rough  &  Ready 


Week 

Eutflnc 
Jan.  23. 


12g 


Week 
"an.  30. 


14     11 

4l  5| 
50c  60c 
19i  22J 
6j-  9 
50c 

20c 

9 

4.90 

15 


Si 


75c 
70c 

30c 

3.20 

% 

3.05 

50$ 

17* 
1.15 


1.30    1.05 

3.90    3.40 

42    3.90 


75c     55c 
1.30    1.20 


55c 
1. 10 


50c 
4J 
4 

40c 


Seg  Belcher 

Sierra  Nevada 

Silver  Hiil 

Silver  King 

Silver  Prize  

Succor 

Summit 

Scorpion 

Solid  Silver 

South  Bodie 

South  Standard. . . 

Star 

St.  Louis 

Syndicate 

Tioga  Oon 

Tiptop  

Trojan 

Union  Con 

Utah 

Vermont  Con 

Ward 

Wells-Fargo 

Woodville 

White  Cloud 

Yellow  Jacket 


4  til 

a 

Win 

Vl'r 

»H 

n 

V* 

a* 

Vhn 

V!io 

:». 

11 

H 

4 

6* 

u 

Hi 

171  15) 

1.10  1.05 

8|  7 

5|  5} 


1.40 

3.45 

i 

7 


Week 
Feb.   C. 


300 

2.r 

9! 

■2: 

46 


1.95 
1} 


20c 
1.80 
3.90 

4! 

7S 


20  15! 
1.20  1.05 
7S 
54 


5J 
35c 
1« 
19 

2» 
1.85 


15c 
1.65 
1.05 

1 

7} 


Ksttiir.lnv  A.  M..  Fel>.  1.1  350  Andes .50c 

10  AMte       ... ....... ..16     65  Best& Belcher.    otmmm 


190  Alta. 

150  Andes 50c 

100  Albion 5oc 

500  Arcenta 60@65c 

100  Best  &  Belcher.. 214@21j 

1125  Bullion 8(876 

545  Belcher 5Z<@3} 

150  Booker 20c 

260  Bodie 

835  Benton 5«<M5j 

100  Bechtel 75c 

30  Bulwer ...UJ 

390  Con  Virginia 84(fl)3i 

870  California 9i<*9i 

205  Confidence loj( 

30  Chollar .....461 

255  CrownPoint 53@5i 

700  Con  Imoerial. . . . 1.10 

860  Challenge 3@3.10 

1795  Caledonia 2i@2.65 

100  Capital 1.05 

600  Dardanelles 3.     _ 

100  Dudley 1.16 

1000  Day 20c 

200  DeFrees 10c 

Exchequer ;~n''" 


1.30 
2 

85c 
75c 


3.60 
51 


38i      341 


3 

91 

1.10 


42 

1.55 


50c 

2}    1.60 

1.60 

1.80      50c 


1.60 
1.20 

50c 

63 


85c 
1.70 
1.20 

50c 

56i    60), 

is;,  is; 


14j      13} 


37'2      36 


34J 


H 

2 

1.45 

65c 


60c 
70o 

"ii 

1.20 
45c 
61 


65c  95c 
....  20c 
20c   50c 


!  20        161   22J      19 


21        191 


1.80 
70c 
25c 


Sales  at  S.  F.  Stock  Exchange. 


Friday  A.  III.,  Jan.  31.  1150  Succor..., 

140  Alta 8J@Si     35  Scorpion. 

100  Alpha 15  1480  Trojan. . 


100  Andes 

230  Best&  Belcher.. 213(5)211 

1130  Bullion ...| 

30  Baltimore  Con .1- 

445  Belcher 5: 

610  Benton 5, 

375  Cou  Virginia 8j!(a>8; 

485  California 9}(5>9i 

140  Crown  Point 5|@5a 

820  Cou  Imperial..  1. 10(0!>1. 05 

500  Caledonia 22(^2.60 

500  Con  Dorado 11 

130  Confidence 15*@15£ 

451)  Challenge 34*2.95 

250  Dardanelles 31 

1030  Exchequer 5 j@6 

1450  Flowery 50@60c 

475  Gould  Sl  Curry 134 

203  GeD  Douglas 50c 

220  Hale&Nor 16}.al6.'. 

230  Justice 4 

220  Julia 3S—J.7H 

125  Kentuck i-ii^x 

540  Kossuth 25c 

50  Lady  Wash 1.60 

180r  Lady  Bryan 7wO0e 

805  Leviathan 60c 

430  Mexican 

500  Monumental 7. .15c 

250  N  Sierra  Nev. 

650  Niagara 2 

270  North  Con  Vir 7 

1100  N  Bonanza 2.85(®2.70 

1075  New  York 1.10«>1.05 

70  Overman 104 

60  Ophir 34'  <;;4 

185  Plutus ~...l\ 

2390  Phil  Sheridan 30c 

200  Rough&Ready 1} 

40  Sierra  Nevada 47i 

120  Savage 13i 

445  Silver  Hill 1.90^>1.95 

2250  Solid  Silver 60c 

50  St  Louis 55c 


.1.10@1.15 
11 

. . .  .40@45c 
...58^58\ 
185 

l"'.75@70c 
,19i@193 


30  Union  Con 

30  Utah 

550  Wells-Fargo .... 

460  Ward 

145  Yellow  Jacket... 

AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

325  Argenta 60@65c 

780  Albion 50c 

145  Bechtel 75c 

210  Bodie 7J@7J 

670  Belmont 80<e075c 

75  Black  Hawk 75c 

960  Booker 30<5>35c 

10  Bulwer 144(5*14} 

120  C  Pacific  1.45@li 

900  Dudley U 

730  DeFrees 10c 

55  Eureka  Con 27 

850  Endowment 15c 

205  Golden  Terra 5g@5i 

250  Goodshaw 35c 

765  Grand  Prize 4g@4.40 

200  Hussey 15o 

800  Highbridge 13@1.70 

300  Hillside 2@21 

20  Independence Ii 

85  Jackson 7@7JS 

300  Leopard 25@ii0c 

290  M  White 5(9)54 

100  McClinton 45c 

20  Manhattan 3.60 

125  Mono 11@14 

350  Navajo 35(5}3QC 

270  Northern  Belle 6 

100  Oriental 35c 

900  Paradise 24(5)2.55 

50  Panther 10c 

50  Raymond  &  Ely 6£ 

100  Real  del  Monte la 

50  Star 65c 

20  Summit 2 

600  S  Bulwer 60@55c 

60  Tioga  Con 14 

300  University 1 


60  Eureka  Con 27i@27:. 

1215  Flowery 50@40c 

520  Gould&Curry....l33@13 

240  Grand  Prize 4.45 

100  Geo  Douglas 60c 

175  Golden  Terra.. 

100  Goodshaw. ...35c 

585  H  &  Norcross 16@164 

200  Hussey 15c 

100  Hillside 21 

ltOO  Highbridge 13(©1.80 

205  Justice 3.95@3.80 

340  Julia 3.70@3.65 

SO  Jackson 7i@7 

435  Kentuck.. 
20  Kossuth... 

485  Leviathan 

670  L  Bryan 70@80c 

640  Leopard 15@25c 

570  Lady  Wash 1£@1.70 

100  Leeds 60c 

40  Mexican 36i 

50  Manhattan 34 

150  May  Belle 50c 

50  Mono U 

150  N  Con  Virginia 7i. 

315  New  York 1.05@1.10 

1190  N  Bonanza.... 2. 20@2. 10 

100  N  Sierra  Nevada 10c 

60  Northern  Belle 53 

220  Navajo 35c 

120  Ophir 34£@34J 

110  Overman 10i@10i 

300  Oriental 50c 

1100  Phil  Sheridan 35<o>30c 

200  Plutus H 

100  Pauther 5c 

100  Paradise 2.60 

75  Rough  &  Ready 1 

20  Raymond  &  E  a 6j 

730  Real  del  Monte Ii 

340  Savage 133@13g 

1600  Succor Utgl.05 

220  Sierra  Nevada. . .  .474<ffj4S 

685  Silver  Hill 2<&1.90 

1200  Solid  Silver 60c 

230  Scorpion U@li 

100  Syndicate 2 

750  S  Bulwer 

2100  Sutro 20c 

375  Santiago 1.6: 

200  Trojan 40i 

100  Tiptop 1: 

10  Union  Con 58 

30  Utah 171 

380  Ward 75@70c 

1025  Wells-Fargo 20C?15c 

490  Yellow  Jacket... 20i@20i 
Monday  A.  M.,   Feb.  3. 

60  Alta 8@7a 

120  Alpha 15* 

200  Andes 50c 

185  Best  &  Belcher...  22£iffl22i' 

200  Baltimore  Con 1: 

360  Belcher -5j 

1730  Bullion 8@7| 

580  Benton 5g@5g 

200  Capital 95c 

1120  California 93@9J 

370  Con  Virginia 8@84 

180  Crown  Point 5g@5A 

405  Con  Imperial. .1.05<&1. 10 

1240  Challenge 3&@3.2G 

260  Caledonia 2.55@2j 

200  Confidence 16J@l7 

365  Dardanelles 3; 

930  Exchequer 6(&5L 

1000  Flowery 35@30c 

1385  Gould  &  Curry. . .  .13@l2; 

50  Hale  &  Nor ._.  -1B| 

320  Justice 4(»3.90 

1330  Julia 3J@3," 

155  Kentuck 64 

90  Kossuth ' 20. 

780  Lady  Bryan l.30@l 

300  Leviathan 65c 

50  Lady  Wash 1.90 

100  Morning  Star 3 

190  Mexican 

115  North  Con  Vir 7@7* 

1850  N  Bonanza 2.05(5)2 

725  New  York 90c(ccl 

600  Ophir 34ftf33i 

70  Overman 10}<<»10i 

100  Phil  Sheridan 40c 

150  Plutus 11 

1550  Solid  Silver 60@70( 

960  Savage 13j|(<?13 

80  SlerraNevada....46i@47; 

535  Silver  Hill 2&@2.6( 

350  Santiago 1.70 

1400  Succor U&1.05 

655  Scorpion li@l  .60 

300  Trojan 40c 

50  Utah 17; 

60  Union   Con 57<5>58 

730  Wells-Fargo 15c 

1025  Ward 

765  Yellow  Jacket. .  .20$(rt21£ 

AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

580  Argenta 65@60c 

300  Albion ..40c 

180  Bodie 

170  Bechtel 75c 

650  Booker 30c 

500  Belvidere 55@50c 

100  Bulwer. 14:' 

100  Con  Pacific L. 

50  Day 25c 

600  Dudley 1.10@1 

65  Eureka  Con 271 

400  Endowment 15c 

240  Grand  Prize 4,  '" 

100  Goodshaw 30c 

540  Hussey 15c 

2325  Hamburg. 1 

150  Hillside % 

350  Highbridge 1.81 

50  Independence 1.65 

100  Jackson 7 

150  Leopard 80c 

120  Martin  White 5j 

25  Manhattan 3< 

470  Mono li@1.45 

50  McClinton 50c 

950  Northern  Belle 61 

400  Navajo... 35c 

100  Oriental 50c 

1375  Paradise 2a@2.55 

100  Real  del  Monte 3 

50  Richer 75c 

900  S  Bulwer. 65{rt60c 

100  Summit 1.90 

105  Tioga  Con 1.30 

100  Tiptop It 

Tuesday  A.  M..  Feb.  4. 

10J  Alpha 151 

100  Alta U@l\ 


695  Belcher 5i@55 

1500  Bullion 7|(58 

575  Benton 5|@5J 

200  Baltimore  Con Ii 

1435  California 9@9i 

180  Caledonia 2£ 

740  Con  Virginia 8 

1555  Con  Imperial..  1.10(o>1.05 

20  Chollar. 47 

250  Crown  Point 5*.@5g- 

295  Confidence 17@17i 

850  Challenge 3i@3.80 

300  Con  Dorado 45c 

405  Dardanelles 3.80 

550  Exchequer 5g@6 

720  Flowery 30c 

760  Gould  &  Curry. . .  .14(5)141 

100  Geo  Douglas 55c 

405  H  &  Norcross. . .  .17*@171 

540  Justice 4C»3.95 

665  Julia 3i@3_.70 

310  Kentuck 7<5>7i 

400  Lady  Bryan 1J@1.30 

910  Lady  Wash ...2 

120  Mexican •. . . .  .361@36 

100  Morning  Star 3 

1650  New  York 80@70c 

450  North  Con  Vir 7 J@78 

750  N  Bonanza 2.05(«2 

285  Ophir 33± 

205  Overman 101@10£ 

100  Occidental 1 

50  Phil  Sheridan 35c 

200  Plutus 1-40 

200  Rough  &  Ready 90c 

440  Sierra  Nevada. . .  .47@471 

US0  Savage 151@15 

850  SilvorHill 2.40i«<2.30 

2415  Succor 1.1Q@1.20 

505  Scorpion 1.60(c?1.80 

1835  Solid  Silver 70c 

600  Trojan 40@35c 

60  Utah 17i@18 

55  Union  Con 53 

200  Wells-Fargo 15c 

860  Ward 75c 

760  Yellow  Jacket. . .  .22@22J 

AFTERMJOM  SESSION. 

1160  Argenta.., 65@60c 

35C  Albion 40(j*35c 

390  Bodie 8 

350  Booker 40c 

110  Belmont 75c 

150  Bechtel 75c 

100  Belvidere 50c 

230  Bulwer 14K<*14J 

300  Black  Hawk 7o@60c 

350  C  Pacific H 

800  Caledonia  (B  H} 90c 

745  Dudley 90@80c 

350  Day 25<j_?30c 

1000  Endowment 15c 

405  Eureka  Oon 28@29 

200  Goodshaw 30c 

285  Grand  Prize 4. 40(341 

150  Hussey 10c 

600  Highbridge 1.80 

300  Hillside '-ii 

100  Independence 1 .65 

290  Jackson 7 

565  Leopard 75@80c 

600  Mono I* 

180  McClinton 50@60c 

10  Martin  White 51 

100  Minnittta  Bell 50c 

200  Manhattan 3i 

160  Northern  Belle.. .  M<&%\ 

900  Navajo 25@35c 

800  Paradise 24 

295  Raymond  &  Ely 6 

500  Richer 75c 

100  Summit 1.80 

510  S  Bulwer 70@60c 

400  Tioga  Con 1J@1.30 

525  Tiptop 1 

Wert'sday  A.  M.,  Feb.  5. 

250  Andes 5Cc' 

405  Alpha 162@17 

50  Alta 7i 

155  B&B 233@24i 

970  Bullion 8£@8i 

400  Baltimore  Con...  14.(0)1.40 

915  Belcher 6&(36 

525  Benton 5(9.51 

105  Chollar 40@48a 

840  Con  Virginia, 7^7 k 

1425  California 81(jj76 

435  CrownPoint 6j(cc6i 

485  Caledonia 2.S0(«2.6O 

1830  Con  Imperial.. 1.15@l. 20 

450  Confidence 19i(«)194. 

750  ChallenRe 4@3.90 

100  Dardanelles 3.90 

1190  Exchequer 6J@6i 

350  Flowery 35@40c 

200  Gould  &  Curry. .  .14i(g)14j| 

100  Geo  Douglas 50c 

350  Hale  &  Nor 18j@19 

505  Justice 3.95<tj3.9J 

810  Julia 4@4.05 

705  Kentuck 7i@7i 

300  Kossuth 20c 

700  Leviathan 70@65c 

600  Lady  Bryan 1@1.10 

250  Lady  Wash 1.95@2 

280  Mexican 37i@371 

400  Morning  Star 3 

550  North  Con  Vir 81(^8 

880  New  York 90c(ffl 

1715  N  Bonanza 2@1.90 

765  Overman 102@10j. 

315  Ophir 34*@34 

400  Phil  Sheridan 30c 

1775  Succor 1.10@1 

500  Savage 15i<5J15g 

200  S  Nevada 47i@47 

1970  Scorpion 1J@1.80 

1875  Solid  Silver 70c 

20  St  Louis 50c 

625  Silver  Hill 2fc@2.40 

1100  Trojan 40@35c 

65  Utah 183 

180  Union 59$ 

600  Wells-Farso 15c 

875  Ward 85c 

100  Woodville 25c 

1220  Yellow  Jacket. .  .25_.@24_j 

AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

1000  Albion 30c 

885  Argenta 60c 

30  Belmont 70c 

30  Bulwer 14ji@15 

80  Bechtel 75c 

445  Bodie 7g@83 

160  Belvidere 50c 

130  CPacific Ii 

600  Caledonia  (B  HI 90c 

675  Dudley 80@75c 

300  Day 30c 

200  Endowment 10c 

410  Grand  Prize 4i,@1.40 

450  Goodshaw 30c 

125  Golden  Terra 54. 

370  Hillside 21@2.05 

440  Highbridge 1.85@13 

200  Hussey 15c 

30  Jackson. 

150  Leopard 

120  Manhattan ,34@3J 

250  Mono ll 

300  Northern  Belle 8 

950  Navajo 25@20c 

150  Orisntal 50c 

150  ParadiBe 2.30@2i 

100  Real  del  Monte 3 

125  Raymond  4  Ely 6 

20  Star 60c 

200  Summit I? 

200  S  Bodie 25c 

250  Syndicate 2 

700  S  Bulwer 60@65c 

20  Silver  King 10 

240  Tiptop 85c@l 

200  Tioga  Con 1.40 


MINING  SHAREHOLDERS'  DIRECTORY. 


Compiled  every  Thursday  from  Advertisements  in  Mining  and  Scientific  Press  and  other  S.  F.  Journals. 
ASSESSMENTS-STOCKS  ON  THE  LISTS  OP  THE  BOARDS. 


Company. 

Aurora  T  &  M  Co 

Belvidere  M  Co 

Best  &  Belcher  M  Co 

Caledonia  S  M  Co 

Dudley  M  Co 

Florence  Blue  Gravel  M  Co 

Flowery  M  Co 

Gila  S  M  Co 

Goodshaw  M  Co 

Hussey  Con  G  &  S  M  Co 

Julia  Con  M  Co 

Justice  M  Co 

K  K  Consolidated 

Leopard  M  Co 

Lady  Bryan  M  Co 

Martin  White  M  Co 

MayhelleConMCo 

McCrackin  Con  M  Co 

Mono  G  M  Co 

Navajo  M  Co 

North  Con  Virginia  M  Co 

Overman  S  M  Co 

Panther  M  Co 

Phil  Sheridan  G  &  S  Co 

Raymond  &  Ely  M  Co 

Resolute  T  &  M  Co 

Scorpion  S  M  Co 

Silver  Hill  M  Co 

SilverPrizeG&SMCo 

Succor  M  &  M  Co 

Tioga  Con  M  Co 

Ward  G  &  S  M  Co 

William  Penu  M  Co 

Yellow  Jacket  S  M  Co 


Location. 

California 
California 

Washoe 

Nevada 
California 
California 

Nevada 

Nevada 
California 

Nevada 

Nevada 
California 

Nevada 

Nevada 

Nevada 

Nevada 
California 

Arizona 
Bodie 

Nevada 

Nevada    15 

Nevada    43 

Nevada    10 

Nevada     8 

Nevada 
California 

Nevada 

Nevada 

Nevada 

Nevada 
California 
California 

Nevada 

Nevada 


Amt.  Levied.    Delinq'nt.    Sale.    Secretary. 


10 


31 


20  Dec  7 

20  Dec  7 

1  00  Jan  3 

50  Jan  31 

25  Jan  29 

03  Jan  22 

50  Jan  29 

25  Jan  22 

10  Jan  10 

15  Jan  20 

1  00  Jan  21 

1  00  Jan  10 

1  00  Jan  3 

50  Jan  3 

50  Jan  2 

1  50  Dec  14 

10  Jan  21 

50  Oct  22 

50  Jan  8 

20  Feb  4 

1  00  Jan  18 

3  00  Jan  28 

10  Jan  2 

15  Jan  21 

1  00  Jau  7 

10  Dec  28 

10  Dec  3 
Jan  3 
Febl 
Dec  19 

20  Dec  20 

30  Jan  10 

03  Nov  22 

1  00  Jan  15 


50 

25 
50 


Jan  10 
Jan  20 
Feb  6 
Mar  7 
Mar  3 
Feb  25 
Mar  4 
Mar  3 
Feb  20 
Feb  26 
Feb  27 
Feb  15 
Feb  6 
Feb  5 
Feb  2 
Jan  21" 
Mar  12 
Jan  16 
Feb  12 
Mar  12 
Feb  21 
Mar  5 
Feb  6 
Feb  24 
Feb  12 
Mar  3 
Jan  18 
Feb  6 
Mar  6 
Jan  21 
Jan2( 
Feb  14 
Jan  23 
Feb  19 


Feb  15 

Feb  20 

Feb  26 

Mar  28 

Apr  1 

Mar  15 

Mar  21 

Mar  24 

MarlO 

Mar  21 

Mar  19 

Mar  5 

Mar  5 

Mar  28 

Feb  24 

Feb  21 

Mar  14 

Feb  15 

Mar  4 

April  3 

Mar  13 

Mar  26 

Feb  28 

Mar  17 

MarlO 

Mar  31 

Feb  10 

Feb  28 

Mar  29 

Feb  10 

Feb  13 

Mar  6 

Feb  9 

Mar  19 


C  V  D  Hubbard 
C  VD  Hubbard 
W  Willis 
W  Wegener 
E  C  Masten 
F  A  McGee 
W  W  Stetson 
Wm  W  Parish 
Victor  Fernbach 
R  H  Brown 
A  Noel 
R  E  Kelly 
B  B  Minor 
R  H  Brown 
C  V  Hubbard 
J  J  Scoville 
G  A  Holden 
H  A  Whiting 
W  H  Lent 
R  H  Brown 
G  C  Pratt 
Geo  D  Edwards 
JWPew 
D  L  Thomas 
JWPew 
J  L  Fields 
G  R  Spinney 
W  E  Dean 
W  H  Redington 
W  H  Watson 
WHLent 
Jacob  Stadtf  eld 
O  J  Humphrey 
Mercer  Otey 


Place  of  Business 

312  California  st 

312  California  st 

309  Montgomery  st 

414  California  st 

309  Montgomery  st 

Merchants  Ex 

309  Montgomery  at 

328  Montgomery  st 

327  Pine  st 

327  Pine  at 

419  California  st 

419  California  st 

310  Pine  st 

327  Pine  at 

Cosmopolitan  Hotel 

59  Nevada  Block 

301  Pine  st 

211  Sansome  st 

309  Montgomery  at 

327  Pine  st 

309  Montgomery  at 

414  California  st 

310  Pine  st 

203  Bush  st 

310  Pine  at 

240  Montgomery  at 

310  Pine  st 

203  Bush  at 

111$  Leidesdorff  st 

302  Montgomery  st 

327  Pine  st 

419  California  at 

328  Montgomery  st 

Gold  Hill  Nev 


OTHER  COMPANIES-NOT  ON  THE  LISTS  OF  THE  BOARDS. 


Advance  M  Co 
Argent  M  Co 
Black  Hawk  G  M  Co 
Booker  Con  G  M  Co 
Brilliant  M  Co 
Catawba  M  Co 
Carmelo  Bay  Coal  Co 
Cherokee  Flat  Blue  Grav  Co 
Fairfax  M  Co 
Godfrey  Gravel  M  Co 
HiickhcrryM  &  M  Co 
Loyal  Lead  G  M  Co 
MariposaLand  &  M  Co 
Mayflower  Gravel  M  Co 
McClinton  M  Co 
McMillen  S  M  Co 
Mount  Hood  M  Co 
Nevada  Gravel  M  Co 
Noonday  M  Co 
North  StarG  M  Co. 
Northern  Light  G  It  S  M  Co 
Pleiades  G  & -S  M  Co 
Shite  Creek  G  M  Co 
Summit  M.Co 
Vancouver  M  CJp 


California 

Nevada 
California 
California 

Nevada 
California 
California 
California 

Nevada 
California 

Arizona 
California 
California 
California 
Califoruia 

Arizona 

Nevada 
California 
California 
California 
California 

Nevada 
California 
Califoruia 

Nevada 


50  Dec  19 

30  Jan  21 

25  Dec  10 

15  Jan  29 

05  Jan  13 

20  Jau  3 

25  Dec  20 

05  Dec  20 

15  Jan  25 

05  Jan  17 

50  Jan  17 

60  Dec  18 

1  00  Jan  10 

10  Jan  15 

25  Dec  24 

25  Nov  22 

15  Feb  3 

05  Dec  12 


Wide  Awake  Prospectiug  &  M  Co       Ariz      6 


Jau  2 
Jau  29 
Jan  23 
Dec  21 
Jan  21" 
Feb4 
Feb  3 
Febl 


Jau  28 
Mar  3 
Jan  11 
Mar  6 
Feb  17 
Feb  6 
Feb  20 
Jan  28 
Feb  28 
Feb  20 
Feb  24 
Jan  20 
Feb  12 
Feb  20 
Jan  28 
Feb  10 
Mar  8 
.Tan  15 
Feb  6 
Mar  5 
Mar  3 
Jan  24 
Mar  3 
Mar  11 
Mar  8 
Marl 


Feb  21 
Mar  25 
Feb  25 
Mar  26 

Mar  9 
Feb  24 
Mar  20 
Feb  18 
Mar  20 
Mar  13 
Mar  14 
Feb  11 
Mar  12 
Mar  12 
Feb  18 

Mar  6 
Mar  23 

Feb  24 

Feb  27 
Mar  26 
Mar  24 
Feb  18 
Mar  31 
April  8 
Mar  28 
April  5 


B  Lengley  309  California  Bt 

R  H  Brown  327  Pine  at 

B  S  Kellogg  306  Pine  at 

W  H  Lent  309  Montgomery  st 
Win  A  Van  VanBokkelen         309  Cal 

B  S  Kellogg  306  Pine  st 

John  Greif  636  Washington  at 

R  N  Van  Brunt  318  Pine  st 


O  C  Miller 
J  M  Burhngtoii 
N  C  Waltou 
P  M  McLaren 
Leandet  Leavitt 
J  Morizio 
W  H  Lent 
A  O  McMeans 
W  W  Bausman 
J  PenteeoBt 
G  A  Holden 
D  A  Jennings 
S  F  Monroe 
WL  Oliver 
J  L  Fields 
R  N  Van  Brunt 
W  W  BauBmau 
C  Hildebrandt 


426  California  at 

309  California  at 

324  Pine  Bt 

318  Pino  st 

309  Montg'y  ufc 

328  Montgomery  at 

327  Pine  at. 

24  Safe  DepoBit  Build 

409  California  st 

511  California  at 

310  Pine  Bt 

401  California  at 

419  California  et 

328  Montgomery  st 

240  Montgomery  at 

318  Pine  st 

409  California  st 

232  Sutter  at 


MEETINGS  TO  BE  HELD. 


Name  of  Company. 
Almadeu  Quicksilver  M  Co 
Equitable  Tunnel  &  M  Co 
Magalia  G  M  Co 
Mansfield  G  M  Co 
Northern  King  M  &  M  Co 
Pinal  M  &  M  Co 
Silver  Lick  Con  M  Co 
Telfair  M  Co 
Trojan  M  Co 
Union  FlagG  Ac  S  MCo 
William  Penn  M  Co 
Wyoming  &  Dakota  M  Co 


Location.     Secretary. 

California  John  F  Mataouy 

"Utah  Chas  J  Collins 

Nevada  T  A  White 

California  J  M  Burlington 

Nevada  G  F  Glover 

Arizona  Amos  Roberts 


Office  in  S.  F. 

207  Sansome  st 

227  Montgomery  st 

113  Leidesdorff  st 

309  California  st 

318  Tinest 

214  Sansome  Bt 


Alfred  K  Durbrow    309  Montgomery  st 


Nevada    J  Pentecost 
Nevada    David  Wilder 
Nevada  •  W  H  Allen 

O  J  Humphrey 
Dakota    Theo  Widman 


331  Montgomery  st 
328  Montgomery  st 

419  California  st 
328  Montgomery  st 

404  California  st 


Meeting. 
Annual 
Special 
Special 
Annual 
Special 
Special 
Special 
Annual 
Annual 
Annual 
Annual 
Annual 


LATEST   DIVIDENDS-WITHIN    THREE    MONTHS 


Name  of  Company. 
Bodie  G  M  Co 
California  M  Co 
Excelsior  W&  M  Co 
Eureka  Con  M  Co 
Golden  Star  M  Co 
Indian  Queen  M  &  M  Co 
Independence  M  Co 
New  York  Hill  G  M  Co 
Silver  King  M  Co 
Standard  G  M  Co 


Location.  Secretary. 

California  W  H  Lent 

Nevada  C  P  Gordon 

California  G  P  Thurston 

Nevada  W  W  Traylor 

Arizona  J  W  Morgan 

California  A  K  Durbrow 

Nevada  R  H  Brown 

F  J  Herrmann 

Arizona  W  H  Boothe 

California  W  Willis 


Office  in  S.  F. 

327  Pino  st 

23  Nevada  Block 

315  California  st 

37  Nevada  Block 

318  Pine  Bt 

69  Nevada  Block 

327  Pine  st 

418  Kearny  st 

320  California  at . 

309  Montgomery  st 


Amount. 
]  00 
1  00 

3  00 
25 
25 
25 
25 


Date 
Feb  10 
Jan  31 
Feb  10 
Feb  18 
Feb  13 
Feb  19 
Feb  17 
Feb  11 
Feb  21 
Feb  13 
Feb  19 

Feb  8 


Payable 
Jan  20 
Jan  16 
Dec  20 
Dec  20 
Dec  9 
Dec  17 
Nov  20 
Oct  24 
Oct  22 
Jan  13 


SALES  OF   LAST  WEEK   AND   THIS  COMPARED 


Tluirsd'y  A.  M.,  Jan.  30.iTlnii'Hdny  A.  M.,  Feb.  6, 

245  Alpha 14ft(al5      10  Alta 7; 

635  Alta 81@8ai  105  Alpha 18i<5>l& 


100  Andes 45@50c 

335  Best&  Belcher. ...212(0522 

615  Belcher 5S@6 

gsO^-Bullion 81 

2390  Benton 5i(S6 

200  Baltimore  Con 1.20 

140  California 9J@9E 

485  Con  Virginia 8j@8a 

225  Crown  Point 5|@5£ 

30  Chollar 47 

2795  Con  Imperial.. 1.05@1. 10 

370  Confidence 153 

530  Caledonia 2.90 

150  Challenge .3 

490  Dardenelles 3i 

985  Exchequer 6@6i 

1410  Flowery 45(*50c 

330  Gould  &  Curry . . .  13i(i*13£ 

100  Geo  Douglas 55c 

295  Hale  &  Nor 17(3174 

330  Justice 4@4.10 

825  Julia 3.65@3_.70 

140  Kentuck 

1050  Kossuth 20c 

75  Lady  Wash 2J@2i 

955  Lady  Bryan 75@70c 

440  Leviathan 60c 

390  Mexican 38@38i 

1220  New  York 95c@l 

395  North  Con  Vir 7i 

500  N  Sierra  Nevada 10c 

2070  N  Bonanza 21@2.45 

320  Ophir 343@35 

175  Overman lOSt^lOJ 

4200  Phil  Sheridan  . . .  .30@40c 
920  Sierra  Nevada.... 481@49 

420  Savage 13j@14 

280  Succor 75@90c 

895  Silver  Hill 2.05@2.15 

25  Scorpion 

970  Solid  Silver 

1025  Trojan 

470  Union  Con 

240  Utah 

370  Ward 

380  Yellow  Jacket. . 


55c 

,.40@45c 

...6o«vi;i 

.  ,lSj'(rtl9 
..75<rt80c 
..20@201 
afternoon  session, 

.      650  Argenta 60c 

7       310  Buhver 142 

-r  355  Bodie 74@7| 

70  Bechtel 75c 

950  Belmont 75@80c 

540  Belle  Isle 20c 

950  Booker ._.30c 

130  Belvidere 50W55c 

125  C  Pacific 1 .35@l-.40 

225  Dudley 1.35@1.40 

200  DeFrees 10c 

175  Eureka  Con 26i@27 

2150  Endowment 15c 

200  Gila 5< 

200  Goodshaw 35@30i 

470  Grand  Prize 4.45@4i 

525  Hussey 15c 

700  Highbridge 1$@1.60 

115  Hillside 2 

7'j0  Independence , 

110  Jackson 7@7j 

400  Leopard 25@30i 

100  Leeds 60@9O 

60  Martin  White I 

150  May  Belle 50@55. 


ISO  Andes 50c 

350  Best&  Belcher. ..23(a?23J 

960  Bullion 8jj@8S 

500  Belcher 6(oJ6i 

265  Benton 5@5l 

315  Caledonia 2.85(oi2.95 

7155  Con  Imperial 1.20 

100  C  Dorado 60c 

1980  California 7j@7| 

130  Challenge 4.10@4.30 

720  Con  Virginia 7S<373 

760  Confidence 19j@20 

105  Chollar 49 

425  Crown  Point 5£@6 

1640  Dardanelles 4(5)4.05 

1270  Exchequer 6g(5)6i 

1250  Flowery 35c 

705  Gould  &  Curry. .  .13g@13g 

100  Geo  Douglas 50c 

745  Hale  &  Nor 18@18i 

365  Justice 4@3.95 

1641  Julia 4@4.05 

320  Kentuck 7i@7J 

200  Koa'such .' 25c 

215  Lady  Wash 1 .95@2 

275  L  Bryan 1.15@1.20 

450  Leviathan 

245  Mexican 

100  Morning  Star. . 

680  New  York 

265  N  Con  Virginia. 

750  N  Bonanza. ...1.70@1. 85 

130  Ophir 34i@34i 

210  Overman 104<ffl0j 

635  Phil  Sheridan  . ..  .30@40c 

300  Peytona 1 

100  Plutus 1.40 

145  Sierra  Nevada 46@464 

810  Savage 143^15J 

300  Silver  Hill 2.45 

1600  Succor 1 

570  Scorpion 1J 

700  Solid  Silver 70c 

840  Santiago 1.80 

150  Wells-Fargo 15c 

870  Ward 85@90c 

225  Woodville 40c 

610  Yellow  Jacket. .  .24|@25i 


..75c 

..361^37 


.WwlCie 


afternoon  session. 

700  Argenta 60c 

100  Albion 30c 

600  Belmont 40c 

610  Belvidere 50c 

250  Bodie 8 

50  Bechtel 60c 

50  Booker 40c 

150  Caledonia  (B  H) 95c 

200  Dudley 1 

710  Day 30c 

245  Eureka  Con 29@30J 

820  Grand  Prize 4.60<§4j 

375  Goodshaw 30c 

600  Hussey 15@20c 

500  Highbridge li<gl.70 

200  Hillside 1.90 

330  Jackson 7 

100  Leeds 75c 

200  Leopard 85{gfl0c 


235  Mono 1 

20  Manhattan 3 

100  McClinton 40i 

925  Navajo 35c 

300  Northern  Belle 6@6: 

1500  Paradise 2 

245  Real  Del  Monte 1^ 

470  Raymond  &  Ely. ..  .5?(5;6 

305  Summit 1. 90(^2 

50  Star ..65c 

1850  S  Bulwer. 


140  Tioga  Con. 


200  Martin  White 5J@5E 

335  Mono 1* 

290  Northern  Belle 8 

3200  Navajo 10@20o 

485  Paradise 21 

150  Raymond  &  Ely.  . .  ,5@5i 

625  Summit 1.90 

300  Star 75o 

100  SBodio 25c 

570  S  Bulwer 55(jS60c 

400  Tiptop 1 


.14  225  Tioga  Con IJ 


Pacific  Board— Latest  Sales. 


Wcil'Mlay  A.  51. ♦  Fell.  5.1 

20  Alpha 163 

50  Alta 73 

70  Belcher 6i 

250  Best  &Belcher....21<@24J 

180  Bullion 8{ 

110  Cou  Virginia... 


30  Andes 55c 

10  Bullion 8i 

20  Belcher 55 

20  Best&Belohor.',..231@24 

50  Benton 51 

10  Confidence 20 

215  California 73@8 


490  Con  Imperial..  1.20^1. 15    120  Challenge 4(^3. 

20  Chollar : 49     25  C  Dorado 80c 

110  Crown  Point 6(ft6.U5  200  Endowment 15c 

95  California 73l«8i    110  Exchequer   6i@6| 


50  Caledonia 2.E 

80  Challenge < 

105  Exchequer 6i 

200-Gould  &  Curry. .  .14i@14jj 

50  Geo  Douglas 60c 

175  Hale  &  Nor.. 

120  Justice 3.95 

100  Julia 4@4,.05 

100  Mexican 371@37J 

180  Ophir 34@34l 

15  Overman 103@10| 

140  Savage 153@15| 

110  Sierra  Nevada 474 

20  Silver  Hill 2i 

20  Union  Con 59* 

20  Utah 183 

80  Yellow  Jacket 25J(ft2o 

AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

10  Alpha 17i 

140  Argenta 70@65c 


45  Halefc  Nor 18 

40  Justice 3.95 

210  Julia 3.90(5)3,95 

175  Lady  Wash 2.10@2 

20  Mackey 5S 

100  Mexican 37i 

20  North  Con  Vir 84 

50  N  Bonanza 1.85 

640  New  York 90@95c 

10  Overman 103 

30  Ophir 34j 

150  Phil  Sheridan  . . .  .34@35c 

200  Plutus 1.40 

60  Savage 16@15 

950  Succor 1(S)1.05 

200  S  Bulwer 62i@65c 

120  Silver  Hill 2.40 

450  Ward 80@82c 

200  Wells-Fargo 15o 

60  Yellow  Jacket 24@25 


California  Board—  Latest  Sales. 


,  Feb. 


17 

.7l<n» 
...60! 


,.5c 


H'cd'sdiiy  A.  M. 

15  Alexander 

30  Alpha 

60  Alta 

200  Alpine 

330  Mtna, 

200  Atlas 

300  Atlanta 

150  Andes 

60  Best  &  Belcher 

70  Belcher 

40  Bullion 

60  California  . . . 

40  Con  Virginia 
300  Con  Imperial. 

30  CrownPoint 6j 

120  Challenge 4 


,.231(*23£ 
. . .  .61@6i 


.1. 


120  Caledonia 2.70 

200  C  Dorado 65(<?55c 

150  Dayton 20c 

80  Exchequer 6J@6i 

40  Gould  &  Curry. .  .14g@144 

30  Hale  &  Norcross 181 

30  Justice 4j 

50  Julia 4@4.15 

900'Monumcntal 7c 

30  Mexican 37 

100  Mt  Hood lOo 

100  Mackey 54@5j 

300  N  SierraNevada 9c 

100  New  York 95o 

20  Ophir 34 

100  Phil  Sheridan 35c 

30  Savage 153 


February  8,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


85 


Caledonia 2 .  80i«2J 

Eureka  Cod 

Uuuld*  Curry l*i 

Hiuaey ...IBs 

JuUa 

Jurtioc 3.95 

37  i 

HI   H.      ! 

N  Sierra  N«r*di 

New  Vert 

Ophli 34 

Phil  Shoridu 33c 

141 

!f<  rail*. 47  { 

Bill .S  I" 

Trojan     3WsfWc 

Twin  Poaki 4c 

i    I  2c 

wi»irt a 

rellon  Jacket., 


utof 

46  Sierra  Nevada . . .  47Iiu47J     20 

30  Union  Cou 59; 

1*0  U  Fla* » 

100  Wo«xl»Ule 4uc 

40  Yellow  Jaoket  ..25I@K| 

AFTEItNOOX  HEHHIO.V. 

40  AlKlm 17i     25 

40  AJU 7|ft*7|    1«U 

SO  Alexander 5J   300 

10u  Audita 

330  A).:  ■ 

00  JJulilMii     4  - 

60  Bust  4t  Uclclier  ...*i>. 

SO  rk'lchcr 

300  Black  Hawk.... 

100  Belmont 75c   150 

i.Vlrirliiia 7.     i 

SO  Confidence in     <U 

il tllOOO 

1  Imperial 1.15     60 

10  I  allfornla 8    20 

Jlonge 4    30 


The  Mining  Share  Market 

The  mining  stuck  market  remains  io  the  fitful 
and  spiritless  but  expoctant  oonditlOD  remarked 
upuu  at  our  last  writing.  This  is  especially  the 
case  with  Comstock  shared,  for  which  no  sharp 
advance  in  prices  is  looked  for  until  further  ore 
developments  shall  be  made  at  some  point 
along  the  great  mother  lude.  This  event  many 
uperators  affect  to  believe  will  occur  in  the 
early  future;  some  time  in  March  or  April  at  the 
latest,  laying  a  foundatiun  for  the  usual  "spring 
rise."  Without  new  ore  rinds  ef  importance,  it 
is  generally  conceded  that  higher  prices  for 
Comstock  shares  cannot  be  looked  for;  in  the 
absence  of  these  it  will,  in  fact,  be  difficult  to 
sustain  present  rates  for  any  great  length  of 
time.  With  but  a  single  dividend-paying  mine 
along  the  whole  Comstock  range,  assessments, 
even  now  paid  grudgingly,  will,  by  and  by,  be 
declined  altogether  unless  a  better  ore  showing 
shall  meantime  be  made.  Let  the  various 
managements  bear  this  in  mind  and  hasten  to 
bring  to  light  the  bonanzas  that  some  of  them 
profess  to  have  in  reserve,  and  that  all  may 
hope  soon  to  uncover  if  indications  are  as  favor- 
able as  they  report.  As  enough  snow  is  said  to 
have  fallen  on  the  mountains  to  insure  a  pretty 
steady  run  of  the  mills  on  Carson  river  the  com- 
ing season,  these  Comstock  companies  need  not 
restrain  possible  ore  developments  through 
fear  of  insufficient  facilities  for  reduction. 

At  the  south  end  the  Alta-Justice  group  of 
mines  have  of  late  shown  a  little  more  vitality, 
and  it  is  expected  that  the  Alta  crosscuttings 
will  shortly  reveal  a  body  of  pay  ore.  The 
rigorous  weather,  common  to  the  winters  of 
Hodie,  has  tended  to  curtail  operations  there, 
causing  a  corresponding  torpor  in  the  shares  of 
that  district.  All  will,  no  doubt,  be  more 
lively  with  the  advent  of  spring. 

What  are  known  as  the  "water  stocks," 
being  the  shares  of  mines  in  close  proximity  to 
the  point  where  the  Sutro  tunnel  intersects  the 
Comstock  lode,  experienced  a  sharp  advance  to- 
wards the  end  of  the  week,  in  consequence  of 
the  settlement  effected  between  Mr.  Sutro  and 
the  mining  companies;  an  event  brought  about 
through  the  linal  agreement  of  the  latter  to  pay 
the  royalty  as  stipulated  in  the  original  agree- 
ment between  these  parties.  While  it  is  not 
probable  that  this  adit  will  ever  be  much  used 
for  carrying  out  ores  from  the  mines,  nor  yet 
for  other  purposes  of  transportation,  it  will  un- 
doubtedly be  of  much  service  for  relieving  the 
mines  of  water,  the  great  obstacle  to  deep  ex- 
ploration. From  this  time  on  it  may  be  ex- 
pected that  these  parties  will  act  in  harmony, 
and,  abandoning  the  suits  already  instituted, 
dismiss  the  army  of  lawyers  and  cease  further 
litigation. 

Bullion  Shipments. 

Since  our  last  issue,  we  have  noticed  the  fol- 
lowing bullion  shipments: 

Indian  Queen,  Jan.  27th,  $4,393.42;  Tybo 
Con.,  Jan.  26th,  §3.900.39;  Paradise  Valley, 
Jan.  29th,  $3,814;  Highbridge,  Jan.  31st,  $15,- 
543;  Tybo  Con.,  Jan.  28th.  $5,573.15;  Hillside, 
Feb.  3d,  §5,500;  Christy  Con.,  Feb.  1st,  $6,- 
•  475;  Extra,  Jan.  31st,  $5,795;  Northern  Belle, 
Jan.  29th,  $2,042.80;  Grand  Prize,  Feb.  3d, 
$17,000;  Navajo,  Feb.  3d,  $1,800;  Tybo  Con., 
Jan.  29th,  $8,701.92. 


A  New  Machine  Shop. — Messrs.  Goss  & 
Adams,  formerly  of  Sacramento,  have  bought 
the  machine  shop  at  the  old  stand  Nos.  114  and 
116  Beale  street,  and  are  now  prepared  to  do 
all  classes  of  work.  Mr.  Goss  was  formerly  of 
the  firm  of  Goss  &  Lambert,  proprietors  of  a 
foundry  and  machine  shop  in  Sacramento.  They 
began  business  there  in  1852,  and  sold  out  in 
1868  to  the  railroad  company.  Mr.  Lambert  of 
the  present  firm,  was  foreman  for  the  old  one. 
They  had  as  good  a  reputation  as  any  in  the 
State  while  they  were  in  business,  for  doing  all 
kinds  of  work,  which  reputation  they  propose 
to  maintain  in  their  new  business.  The  works 
have  a  complete  outfit  of  lathes,  planers  and  all 
necessary  tools  for  doing  all  classes  of  foundry 
and  machine  shop  work.  The  present  facili- 
ties are  good,  but  they  propose  to  amplify  them 
as  occasion  demands. 


ining   -Summary. 


The  following  ta  mottly  onidenacd  from  ji.unmlH  pub- 
lished in  tho  interior,  in  proximity  to  tin-  uiinco  mi 


G.  W.  Swan  &  Co.'s  Union  Box  Factory  has 
received,  through  N.  P.  Gregory  &  Co.,  a  14x24 
engine  from  the  Buckeye  Engine  Co.,  of  Salem, 
Ohio.  It  is  a  96-horse  power  engine  with  auto- 
natic  cut-off,  and  of  a  different  style  from  any 
that  has  been  previously  brought  to  this  coast. 


CALIFORNIA. 
AMADOR. 

Mim.m;  Notes.-  Ledger,  IVb.  I:  On  the 
Hercules  the  shaft  is  down  100  feet,  and  indica- 
tions favor  the  development  of  a  paying  mine. 
It  is  supposed  to  be  on  the  mother  lode.  The 
ore  looks  well,  carries  a  heavy  percentage  of  sul- 
phuruta,  with  occasional  specks  of  free  gold 
visible.  The  Moore  shaft  is  down  250  feet, 
with  a  ledge  varying  from  five  to  seven  feet  in 
width.  It  is  calculated  to  start  the  mill  early 
next  week,  preparatory  to  which  quartz  has 
been  accumulating  on  the  dump  for  several  days. 
At  the  Oneida  sinking  operations  are  through 
with.  The  running  of  drifts  to  Btrike  the  ore 
body  is  next  in  order.  Tins  will  take  from  six 
weeks  to  two  mouths  to  accomplish.  In  the 
meantime  the  mill  will  be  kept  operating  with 
20  stamps,  oue-third  of  its  capacity.  At  the 
Mouteriehard  mine  sinking  is  through  with, 
and  the  mill  has  got  steadily  to  work  again. 
The  Kennedy  company  have  had  a  couple  of 
men  employed  cleaning  out  their  ditch — some 
20  miles  in  length.  The  work  was  done,  not 
probably  with  a  view  to  the  early  resumption 
of  work  at  the  mine,  but  to  secure  the  property 
against  jumpers.  J.  Millo  has  purchased  the 
old  State  of  Maine  quartz  mill  of  five  stamps; 
has  removed  it  to  a  mining  claim  near  Middle 
Baron  the  Mokclumue  river,  where  he  is  having 
it  put  in  trim  for  active   operations. 

Pbxenix — All  the  ore  coming  from  this  mine 
is  good.  They  have  been  short  of  fuel  for  the 
mill,  but  by  great  exertionB  have  managed  to 
keep  it  running.  All  the  employees  have  lately 
been  paid  in  full  and  business  is  lively. 
BUTTE. 

Mining  Operations  Began. — Record,Ja.n.  31: 
Work  was  recently  commenced  on  the  Modoc 
claim,  located  about  two  miles  west  of  Bangor. 
They  have  a  monitor  in  position  and  a  pressure 
of  216  feet,  which  is  secured  by  seven  miles  of 
ditch.  The  company  also  purchase  a  little 
water  from  the  Forbstown  ditch  company.  The 
opinioli  prevails  that  the  bank  now  being  open- 
ed is  situated  on  the  rim-rock  of  the  famous 
Blue  Lead  mine.  Should  such  prove  tu  be  the 
case,  the  owners  of  this  property  have,  most 
likely,  a  veritable  bonanza. 

Butte  Creek  Mines. — Record,  Feb.  1  :  John 
Allen  has  struck  good  diggings  at  this  locality  ; 
and  having  secured  a  plentiful  supply  of  water 
from  the  Shephard  ditch  company,  is  washing 
away  the  top  dirt  from  what  appears  to  be  an 
old  river  channel.  The  Mclntrye  claim  is  still 
paying  handsomely.  The  Nichols  and  Longley 
claim  is  turning  out  well.  We  understand  that 
the  dirt  is  paying  from  three  to  live  dollars  a 
carload,  and  is  easily  worked. 

CALAVERAS. 

Gravel  Mining. — Chronicle,  Feb.  1:  There- 
cent  rains  have.furnished  an  abundance  of  water 
for  mining  purposes,  and  all  the  claims  in  this 
vicinity,  for  the  first  time  this  season,  are  now 
being  worked  to  their  fullest  capacity.  At  the 
Duryea  mine  in  Chile  gulch,  the  Bystem  of  oper- 
ations has  been  changed  from  drifting  to  hydrau- 
licking.  A  good  deal  of  preliminary  work  has 
been  done  in  getting  thejnine  in  proper  shape — 
such  as-running  tunnels  for  the  accommodation 
of  Humes,  etc.,  for  which  we  feel  certain  the 
proprietor  will  receive  speedy  remuneration. 
At  the  Mammoth  the  gravel  is  looking  better 
than  ever  before.  A  late  partial  clean-up 
yielded  beyond  all  expectation.  At  the  Bo- 
nanza things  are  progressing  as  usual.  The 
mine  is  yielding  handsomely,  is  systematically 
worked  and  admirably  managed.  A  large 
amount  of  water  is  used,  and  as  the  claim  is 
well  equipped  and  in  proper  shape  for  working, 
every  inch  of  it  counts.  Evans  &  McCann  are 
still  at  work  in  their  tunnel  claim  in  Tunnel 
Ridge.  They  have  not  yet  reached  pay  gravel, 
but  are  expecting  to  shortly.  They  are  running 
what  is  known  as  the  "old  Sullivan  tunnel," 
and  are  near  the  channel.  The  Eureka,  located 
near  the  Calaveras  river,  is  now  in  full  blast. 
From  500  to  700  inches  of  water  are  used.  The 
Eureka  is  on  this  side  of  the  river,  the  water 
for  hydraulicking  being  brought  across  the 
stream  in  iron  pipes.  We  expect  to  be  able  to 
give  a  rousing  report  of  the  Eureka  when  a 
clean-up  is  made.  Ground  has  been  broken  for 
the  great  tunnel  to  be  run  by  the  Happy  Valley 
and  Blue  Gravel  Hydraulic  Mining  Co.  But 
two  men  are  at  work  upon  it  at  present,  how- 
ever, considerable  preliminary  work  having  to 
be  done  before  the  enterprise  can  be  commenced 
in  good  earnest.  Work  has  been  resumed  at 
the  Maison  d'  Sante  hydraulic,  one  of  the  best 
paying  mines  in  this  section  of  the  State.  The 
Maison  d'  Sante  paid  largely  last  season,  and 
we  are  informed  that  the  prospects  are  favor- 
able for  it  doiDg  as  well  this  season.  Tuesday, 
piping  was  commenced  by  the  Happy  "Valley  and 
Blue  Gravel  Co.  They  are  washing  through  a 
three-foot  Hume  and  using  all  the  way  from 
500  to  1,000  inches  of  water.  Work  has  been 
begun  in  what  was  formerly  known  as  the 
"Percival  claim."  The  rains  nave  also  set  men 
at  work  in  placer  diggings,  and  the  mining  in- 
terest is  flourishing  in  all  directions. 
DEL  NORTE. 

Mining  on  Rogue  River.— Crescent  City 
Courie?;  Jan.  22:  There  is  more  or  less  mining 
going  on  along  the  river.  It  is  a  hard  matter 
to  ascertain  the  amount  of  gold  taken  out  du- 


ring the  year,  but  it  is  evident  that  the  miners 
make  it  nay  or  they  would  not  remain  so  long 
as  some  nave.  Very  fine  prospects  have  been 
fonnd  high  upon  the  benches,  both  on  Rogue 
and  llliuois  rivers.  On  the  Illinois  river  it 
would  pay  a  company  with  capital  to  bring  in  a 
ditch  and  work  the  benches,  which  are  one" 
above  the  other,  and  prospect  well  down  to  the 
bed  ol  Hit-  river.  Six  or  seven  miles  of  a  ditch 
will  bring  a  sufficient  supply  of  water.  The 
gold  is  coarse.  Experienced  miners  state  if 
water  could  be  brought  on  the  grounds  that 
men  could  make  about  four  dollars  per  day. 
MONO 

Wei  ki  i  MiMNt:  Review, — Bodie  Standard, 
Feb.  1  :  The  past  week  has  been  remarkable 
mostly  for  one  of  Bodie's  severe  snow  storms, 
which  has  covered  the  ground  to  a  depth  of  a 
few  inches.  Our  leading  mines  being  under 
cover,  work  in  exploring  has  not  been  retarded 
in  any  material  degree,  but  has  been  contin- 
uously pushed  ahead  with  vigor  and  persistence. 
The  wisdom  of  erecting  substantial  buildings 
over  shafts  and  machinery  is  now  making  itself 
manifest,  and  the  result  is  a  subject  for  con- 
gratulation. During  the  week  the  Standard 
and  Bodie  mines  have  been  producing  their 
usual  quota  of  ore,  that  from  the  former  being 
of  higher  grade  than  worked  last  month,  much 
of  it  being  taken  from  the  new  strike  made 
while  crosscutting.  The  Bulwer  has  been 
shipping  ore  to  the  Bodie  mill,  which  it  is  ex- 
pected will  start  up  this  week.  With  three 
dividend-paying  mines  we  can  open  the  spring 
season  with  cheering  prospects  and  the  product 
from  the  ores  worked  will  effectually  silence  the 
Emperor  Norton  style  of  bears  now  so  fashion- 
able on  Pine  street.  The  owners  of  the  Lucky 
Hodge,  a  location  on  the  western  slope  of  Bodie 
bluff,  have  bonded  their  property  to  Howard 
Hastings  of  the  Mono  County  Bank,  and  there 
is  scarcely  a  doubt  that  a  sale  will  be  made 
before  30  days.  The  mine  in  question  has  pro- 
duced some  fabulously  rich  rock,  one  piece 
taken  from  near  the  surface  having  assayed 
nearly  §40,000  to  the  ton.  The  Con.  Pacific, 
South  Bulwer,  Goodshaw,  Mono,  Champion, 
South  Bodie,  South  Standard,  Red  Cloud, 
Booker,  and,  in  fact,  every  mine  having  facili- 
ties for  working  to  a  depth  are  all  looking 
promising  in  the  extreme,  and  another  month's 
work  must  bring  to  the  front  many  magnificent 
properties  which  will  be  self-sustaining.  Our 
winter  must  necessarily  be  of  short  duration,  as 
the  season  is  so  far  advanced  that  the  sun's  rays 
will  melt  the  snows  which  would  otherwise  lay 
long  upon  the  ground.  We  anticipirte  that 
next  March  our  winter  will  be  about  over,  and 
that  the  influx  of  speculators  and  mining  men 
will  then  commence.  Taking  everything  into 
consideration  we  can  see  no  good  reason  to 
doubt  the  fact  that  Bodie  will  within  three 
months  be  the  leading  attraction  of  the  mining 
world,  and  that  she  will  base  her  claims  to  the 
first  place  on  pure  merit  there  can  be  no  doubt 
in  the  mind  of  any  unprejudiced  person. 

Need  of  Water. — The  question  of  a  sufficient 
supply  of  water  for  the  mines  and  the  consump- 
tion of  the  people  will  become  a  serious  ques- 
tion during  the  next  season.  The  light  fall  of 
snow  for  this  section,  and  the  consequent 
drying  up  of  wells  in  the  summer  months,  will 
be  a  serious  matter  before  the  year  is  out.  At 
the  present  time  there  are  a  few  of  our  mines 
which  supply  water  sufficiently  (if  used)  for 
their  own  uses,  but  the  great  majority  of  proper- 
ties are  obliged  to  have  their  water  supply  con- 
veyed to  them  by  means  of  barrels  loaded  on 
teams.  The  present  open  winter  has  rendered 
it  possible  for  teams  to  keep  their  customers 
supplied  with  water,  but  at  a  great  expense  to 
consumers.  We  have  heard  several  schemes 
broached,  having  in  view  the  supplying  of  this 
necessary  article  to  our  mines  and  town,  but,  as 
yet,  know  of  no  actual  live  measures  having 
been  adopted  or  consummated.  There  is  money 
iu  this  scheme  for  parties  having  capital,  and 
we  have  no  doubt  that  some  clear-headed 
speculators  will  make  successful  what  now 
seems  chimerical  and  uncertain.  There's  money 
in  it,  and  consequently  it  is  only  necessary  to 
interest  the  proper  parties  to  make  the  matter  a 
complete  success. 

NEVADA. 

Water  Still  Scarce. — Transcript,  Feb.  2  : 
During  the  progress  of  tbe  last  heavy  storm 
there  was  a  head  of  7,500  inches  of  water  in  the 
South  Yuba  Canal  Co.'s  main  ditch.  At  one 
time  last  week  the  amount  had  diminished  to 
1,500  inches,  on  account  of  the  small  streams 
from  which  the  supply  is  derived  freezing  up 
during  the  cold  nights  that  have  prevailed  for 
some  time.  At  present  there  is  only  a  head  of 
2,700  inches  in  the  ditch.  It  is  earnestly  hoped 
that  a  warm  storm  will  soon  set  in  and  increase 
the  supply,  as  the  hydraulic  mining  interests 
are  suffering  considerably  now.  There  are  but 
300  inches  of  water  iu  Deer  creek  now,  whereas 
that  channel  ordinarily  contains  2,500  at  this 
season  of  the  year.  The  Manzanita  mine  is 
obliged  to  remain  idle  a  good  share  of  the  time 
on  account  of  the  scarcity  of  water,  and  the 
Blue  Tent  claims  are  doing  nothing  to  apeak  of. 
The  North  Bloomfield  manages  to  keep  going 
on  a  limited  scale. 

Tribute  Rock  at  Grass  Valley. — The 
Union  says  there  is  now  no  difficulty  in  Grass 
Valley  district  in  making  contracts  with  com- 
panies of  working  miners  to  take  out  quartz  on 
tribute,  from  mines  which  give  a  reasonable  as- 
surance that  the  rock  will  pay  fair  wages.  At 
the  present  time  a  great  deal  of  work  is  being 
done  on  this  plan,  and  while  men  do  not  in 
every  instance  make  good  wages,  numbers  have 
been  fortunate  enough  to  make  as  much  as  four 


and  five  dollars  or  more  per  day.  It  is  only 
within  the  past  year  or  two  that  work  has  been 
done  on  this  plau  there  to  any  extent,  but  it 
seems  to  be  coming  into  general  operation,  and 
now  the  majority  of  the  mines  of  the  district 
have  tribute  companies  at  work,  and  even  some 
of  the  operations  of  prospecting  companies  are 
carrried  on  by  this  system.  So  far  it  has 
generally  been  found  to  work  advantageously  to 
both  mine  owner  and  the  miner,  as  it  has  les- 
sened the  cash  outlays  of  the  first  and  given  a 
great  deal  of  employment  to  the  latter,  who 
might  not  otherwise  have  found  steady  employ- 
ment at  the  current  rate  of  wages. 

Hint's  Hill.—  John  McAUis  has  started 
operations  at  his  mines.  He  is  at  present  using 
5110  inches  of  water,  all  that  is  running  in  the 
Cascade  ditch  at  present.  The  Florence  com- 
pany are  all  ready  to  wash  as  soon  as  water  can 
be  obtained.  Work  will  commence  in  the  Sar- 
gent &,  Jacobs  claim  as  soon  as  their  ditch  is 
thawed  out,  and  from  present  appearances  they 
will  not  be  obliged  to  wait  long. 
PLACER. 

About  Ophir. — Argus,  Feb.  1:  The  hauling 
of  quartz  from  the  St.  Patrick  mine  to  the  Cra- 
ter mill  was  resumed  on  Wednesday.  The  mill 
will  begin  crushing  again  next  week.  An  ex- 
cellent quality  of  rock  iB  being  taken  out. 
Quite  a  number  of  men  are  prospecting  on  Dun- 
can hill,  back  of  the  Stone  house. 

Nevada  Hill. — Herald,  Feb.  1:  This  mine 
yields  good  ore,  but  is  not  now  being  worked  in 
consequence  of  an  excess  of  water,  from  which 
it  cannot  be  freed  with  the  present  insufficient 
machinery.  As  soon  as  the  weather  will  per- 
mit, work  will  be  prosecuted  here  in  a  vigorous 
and  efficient  way.  A.  O.  Bell,  the  discoverer 
of  this  mine,  is  busy  prospecting  in  the  same 
locality,  fully  confident  that  he  will  strike 
another  bonanza,  and  we  sincerely  hope  he  will 
succeed.  Mr.  Bell  is  one  of  those  kind  of  men 
who  allows  his  money  to  circulate  freely;  giving 
employment  to  the  unemployed  and  thereby 
assisting  the  industrious  poor.  Such  men  are 
an  advantage  to  a  community. 

Snow. — They  have  had  two  feet  of  snow  on 
the  Forrest  Hill  Divide,  affording  good  sleigh- 
ing— the  best  had  there  for  20  years. 

TUOLUMNE. 

Mining  Items. — Independent,  Feb.  1:  At 
Union  hill  Thos.  Adams  struck  a  rich  streak  in 
his  quartz  claim  last  week  and  in  two  pans 
took  out  $254,  with  a  good  prospect  for  getting 
more.  The  five-stamp  mill  on  the  Keltz  mine 
started  up  on  Friday  for  the  first  time.  The 
mill  is  large  enough  to  accommodate  five  more 
stamps,  which  in  all  probability  will  be  added 
in  the  spring,  The  Draper  struck  a  good  chute 
in  the  upper  level  going  north,  last  week. 
Nine-inch  vein,  showing  heavy  lead  sulphurets. 
Ben  Soulsby  has  a  good  vein  near  Soulsbyville, 
supposed  to  be  the  north  extension  of  the 
Soulsbyville  mine.  The  Golden  Rock  mine, 
above  Garrete,  is  now  in  full  blast,  water  being 
abundant.  About  eight  or  nine  men  are  em- 
ployed, running  two  giants.  The  ditch  has 
been  kept  open  all  winter,  in  spite  of  the  forces 
of  the  Storm  King.  The  prospects  are  good, 
the  stream  being  set  against  the  gravel  banks, 
84  feet  high.  When  they  get  to  the  deepest 
part,  the  bank  will  be  some  150  feet  high.  The 
great  difficulty  now  is,  to  find  just  where  the 
channel  really  is.  This  will  be  better  devel- 
oped when  a  large  amount  of  the  top  is  stripped 
off.  The  Managing  Agent,  0.  Dorsey,  Esq., 
intends  to  test  the  mine  thoroughly,  before 
going  into  the  extensive  operations  contem- 
plated, if  everything  proves  as  anticipated. 
SIERRA. 

Mining  Items. — Mountain  Mes&enger,  Feb.  1: 
The  Michigan  claims,  near  Gibsonville,  owned 
by  Clough  &.  Lowell,  are  again  paying  well,  or 
rather,  the  miners  are  taking  out  "big  dirt." 
A  piece  weighing  four  dollars  was  picked  out  of 
the  dirt  by  one  of  the  workmen  the  other  day. 
Work  at  the  Pliocene  shaft  has  been  stopped 
for  the  winter  at  least.  So  much  water  was 
encountered  that  it  was  found  impossible,  with 
the  present  machinery,  to  make  any  progress. 
What  course  the  company  will  pursue  we  are 
unable  to  say. 

NEVADA. 

Our  usual  weekly  summary    of    news    from 
the  Comstock  mines  has  failed    to    reach    us, 
and  we  are  therefore  compelled  to  go  to  press 
without  it. 
BELMONT  DISTRICT. 

Highbridge. — Courier,  Feb.  1  :  No  change 
in  the  mine  of  note.  Are  extracting  the  usual 
amount  of  ore.  Have  added  five  more  stamps 
to  the  battery,  which  now  crushes  as  much  ore 
as  the  balance  of  the  mill  can  handle.  Will 
ship  to-morrow  bullion  valued  at  $15,543.51. 
Total  shipment  for  the  month,  $43,452.  After 
starting  up  the  mill,  some  two  months  ago,  it 
was  found  that  alterations  in  the  machinery 
were  necessary,  which  prevented  making  prog- 
ress in  the  crushing  of  the  ores  that  otherwise 
would  have  been  the  case.  The  changes  and 
improvements  found  necessary,  are  now  about 
all  completed,  and  hereafter  the  company  will 
be  enabled  to  increase  the  production  of  bullion. 
Considering  the  many  difficulties  that  have  had 
to  be  contended  with,  the  production  for  the 
month  of  January  is  very  respectable  in  amount. 

Tybo  Con. — Shipped  to  the  25th  ult.,  on 
January  account,  !H7,656.12.  The  furnaces 
have  both  been  run  down,  cut  out  and  re-lined 
the  past  week.  The  work  was  done  rapidly, 
No.  1  being  closed  only  18,  and  No.  2,  19  hours. 
There  are  no  changes  of  importance  to   note  in 

Continued  on  page  92, 


86 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[February  8,  1879. 


Cosmic  Meteorology.— No.  3. 

[Written  for  the  Press  by  Samuel  Purkell.J 
Although  I  have  not  seen  it  mentioned  else- 
where, I  would  call  attention  to  the  suggestive 
fact  that  the  sun-spot  cycle  of  11.11  years  is 
just  one-third  of  the  alleged  meteoric  period  of 
33. 33  years,  which  would  seem  to  point  to  a 
connection,  more  or  less  close,  between  the  two 
cycles.  How  they  are  or  can  be  connected,  I 
have  not  had  the  opportunity  of  even  attempt- 
ing to  ascertain,  and  it  is  perhaps  idle  to  specu- 
late. 

I  would  also  call  attention  to  the  fact  that 
the  times  of  maximum  and  minimum  of  sun- 
spots  appear  to  have  a  definite  relation  to  the 

Prevalence  of  Plagues 
And  pestilences,  particularly  of  cholera  and 
yellow  fever,  each  seeming  to  rage  most  malig- 
nantly during  years  of  the  minimum  groups. 
As  it  is  my  intention  to  treat  this  branch  of  the 
subject  in  a  more  thorough  manner  hereafter,  I 
will  only  add  that  cholera  prevailed  extensively 
from  1841  to  1843,  1S53  to  1855,  1865  to  1867, 
in  each  of  which  periods  was  a  year  of  a  mini- 
mum group;  and  the  yellow  fever  appeared  with 
great  virulence,  in  the  United  States,  in  1798, 
1853,  1867,  and  1878,  all  of  which  were  mini- 
mum sun-spot  years  except  1853,  and  that  was 
very  near  the  year.  That  the  theory  of  the 
prevalence  or  absence  of  sun-spots,  as  affecting 
diseases,  can  have  some  reasonable  foundation, 
will  probably  be  clearer  after  the  cause  of  the 
spots  is  duly  considered;  because,  as  startling 
as  the  thought  may  be,  if  it  is  known  that  a 
more  or  less 'active  condition  of  the  surface  of 
the  sun  can  cause  such  changes  in  the  physical 
motions  and  conditions  of  our  globe,  it  is  rea- 
sonable to  assume  that  life,  as  manifested  in 
man  and  animals,  can  be  and  is  similarly  af- 
fected. 

A  Difficulty 
That  meets  the  student  in  trying  to  solve  the 
sun-spot  problem  consists  in  the  fact  that  there 
is  yet  among  astronomers  no  definite  plan  of  re- 
cording sun-spot  observations.  Not  until  1826 
were  they  regularly  observed,  and  for  many 
years  afterward  only  the  number  of  new  spots 
or  new  groups  wa3  recorded.  Of  late  years  the 
area  of  the  spots  has  also  been  measured.  Yet 
there  can  be  little  doubt  that  several  elements 
in  the  stating  of  the  problem  are  wanting.  Be- 
sides, the  first  appearance,  the  area,  and  the 
duration  of  a  spot,  there  should  evidently  be 
noted  in  addition,  its  persistence,  intensity,  and 
motion;  the  condition  of  the  prominences  and 
the  photosphere,  the  position  of  the  planets, 
and  all  other  accessible  solar  phenomena.  The 
spots  are  probably  not  originated  by  the  sun 
itself,  but  by  outer  and  perhaps  unknown  in- 
fluences, and  these  are  only  to  be  learned,  and 
the  sun-spot  problem  mastered  by  a  study  not 
only  of  the  spots  but  of  all  the  accompanying 
celestial  changes;  and  for  this  purpose  the  sun's 
surface  is  a  chart  indicative  of  these  changes. 

Introductory  to  the  following  table,  princi- 
pally compiled  by  Lockyer  and  Hunter,  it  will 
foe  well  to  premise  that  the  actual  sun-spot 

Maximum  Years 
During  this  century  have  been,  in  round  num- 
bers, 1870,  I860,'  1848,  1837,  1829,  1816,  1804; 
and  the  minimum  years,  187S,  1867,  1856,  1843, 
1833,  1823,  1811: 


Wolf 'a  mean  relative  sun-spot  number 
Diurnal  inequality  of  magnetic  decli- 
nation, 1S13  to  1871,  Prof.  Stewart. 
Electric  displays,  auroras  observed, 

Prof.  Loomis 

Number  of  cyclones  of  Indian  ocean, 

1S56  to  1867,  Dr.  Meldram 

Relative  area  of    eyclones  of  Indian 

ocean,  1850  to  1867,  Dr.  Meldrum. . 
Number  of  hurricanes  of  West  Indies, 

1810  to  1873,  Poey 

Percentage    of  losses  on    registered 

vessels  of  Great  Britain,   1856    to 

1376,  Jeula  and  Hunter 

Madras  rainfall,  total  average,  1813 

to  1876,  Hunter 

Average  annual  rainfall  of  Bombay, 

1817  to  1876,  Hunter 

Average  annual  rainfall  at    Cape   of 

Good  Hope,  1842  to  1870,   Hunter 

and  Stone 

Madras    famine     (causing    drouths), 

1812  to  1876,  Hunter 

Brazil,  drouths 

Derby,  floods 

Relative    annual  amount   of    atmos 

pheric  ozone,  1850  to  1869,  Moffat. 


rt     a  -  J3     C  ^  £ 


V2A 

6.74 
26. 

7, 

2.10 


11.25 
40.39 

68. 7S 

21.05 
5 


43.55 

7.72 
42 

8.25 

3 

2.72 

11.44 
49.07 

71.89 

23.59 

1 
10 


70.80 
9.45 

55. 

13.25 
9.21 
4.25 

12.52 
53.50 

75.28 

27.95 

0 

7 


In  close  connection   with  the   sun-spots   are 
the 

Strange  Forms 
That  are  seen  upon  the  edge  of  the  sun,  ex- 
quisite in  color,  fantastic  beyond  description  in 
outline,  and  of  stupendous  magnitude.  These 
are  the  so-called  prominences,  or  red  flames. 
They  were  formerly  visible  only  during  solar 
eclipses,  but  now  may  be  looked  upon  during 
any  clear  day.  At  one  time  a  dozen  may  be 
seen  around  the  edge  of  the  sun,  some  of  them 
100,000  miles  high,  at  other  times  there  is 
scarcely  the  most  feeble  indication  of  this  form 
of  solar  activity.  Like  the  solar-spots  the 
prominences  wax  and  wane,  simultaneously 
with,  and  proportionately  in  size  and  intensity 
to  the  sun-spots.  They  are  usually  considered 
to  be  phenomena  of  eruption,  but  their  nature 
is  little  understood.     This  being  a  year  of   ex- 


treme minimum  of  sun-spots,  we  should  expect 
the  prominences  to  be  much  below  the  average, 
and  accordingly  the  royal  observatory  of  Eng- 
land announces  in  its  report  for  the  year  ending 
May  2d,  1878,  that  "all  the  observations  go  to 
show  that  the  solar  prominences  have  been  few 
in  number  and  insignificant  in  size  for  many 
months. " 

Another  interesting  phenomena  exhibited  by 
the  sun  is  the 

Corona, 
The  beautiful  crown  of  light  seen  around  the 
moon  during  the  moments  of  total  solar  eclipse. 
It  was  formerly  thought  to  be  due  to  the  atmos- 
phere of  the  moon,  but  is  now  recognised  as  a 
true  solar  appendage.  Its  cause  and  constitu- 
tion are  at  present  a  matter  of  speculation. 
Mr.  Lockyer  holds  that  it  shines  by  light 
reflected  from  the  sun  by  a  cloud  of  meteors 
surrounding  that  luminary,  and  which  are  prob- 
ably arranged  around  it  elliptically  ;  the  corona 
itself,  being  mainly  composed  of  violent  up- 
rushes  of  gas  from  the  sun's  interior  in  spot 
maximum  years.  In  spot  minimum  years  the 
corona  contains  no  gas.  In  this  connection  it 
may  be  remarked  that  Mr.  Lockyer  regards 
sun-spots  as  down-rushes  of  gas,  and  as  show- 
ing evidence  of  a  return  convection  current. 
When  a  year  of  maximum  sun-spots  occurs,  or 
vice  versa,  and  a  total  solar  eclipse  also  occurs, 
it  is  seen  that 

The  Corona  is  Varied 
In  color,  size  and  intensity  correspondingly 
with  the  spots,  and  the  proof  is  clear  that  they 
are  intimately  connected,  and  perhaps  both  are 
due  to  the  same  celestial  disturbance.  Could 
the  corona  be  examined  at  pleasure,  its  peri- 
odicity would  be  speedily  shown,  yet  at  eclipses 
its  varying  conditions  have  been  especially 
remarked.  According  to  Mr,-R.  A.  Proctor, 
recent  eclipses  indicate  that  during  years  when 
sun-spots  are  numerous,  the  corona  presents  an 
appearance  entirely  different  from  that  of  last 
July,  when  the  sun  was  almost  free  from  spots. 
During  the  eclipse  of  1871,  a  year  in  the  maxi- 
mum group,  the  corona  extended  at  least  250,- 
000  miles  from  the  sun,  while  in  July  last,  it 
reached  a  hight  only  of  some  70,000  miles;  in 
the  former  year  it  possessed  a  very  complicated 
structure  and  was  pink,  while  in  the  latter  it 
was  pearly  white.  The  year  1705  was  a  year 
of  maximum  sun-spots,  the  corona  during  the 
eclipse  of  the  following  year  was  very  extensive. 
The  year  1717was  a  maximum  year  ;  the  eclipse 
of  1715  showed  a  maximum  corona.  In  1724, 
the  corona  was  small ;  the  year  1723  was  one 
of  minimum  disturbance  ;  the  same  may  be  said 
of  the  corena  of  1766,  and  the  spots  of  the  same 
year,  and  of  a  number  of  eclipses  since.  The 
principal  comparisons  of  the  corona  with  the 
sun-spots  are  based,  on  the  finely  observed 
solar  eclipses  of  1871  and  1S78.  The  corona  seen 
last  July,  led  to  the  inference  that  the  gaseous 
matter  which  was  present  in  1S71  was  either 
entirely  absent  or  greatly  reduced  in  quantity. 
It  was  very  much  less  brilliant  than  usual,  and 
smaller,  a  few  prominences  were  seen,  and 
several  bright  streamers.  In  1871,  there  were 
many  spots,  many  prominences,  many  magnetic 
storms  and  auroras,  excess  of  rainfall,  no 
famines,  and  a  large  and  brilliant  corona.  This 
year  there  are  few  spots,  prominences  are  rare, 
the  magnets  were  scarcely  ever  so  quiet,  famines 
abound,  and  a  small  corona.  ■  Mr.  Lockyer  says 
that  at  present  the 

Solar  Energy 
Has  run  down  :  with  the  reduction  of  spots  and 
prominences  during  the  last  four  years,  the  ter- 
restrial magnetism  has  been  less  energetic  than 
for  the  preceding  40  years,  while  at  both  ends 
of  this  period,  there  have  been  famines  in  India 
and  China.  The  present  quiet  position  of  the 
sun  is  worthy  of  minute  study.  The  absence  of 
lines  from  the  coronal  spectrum  shows  a  great 
reduction  in  the  temperature  of  the  sun,  and 
such  a  marked  change  in  it  should  produce  a 
corresponding  change  in  the  earth,  as  the  condi- 
tion of  the  earth  sympathizes  with  the  condition 
of  the  sun. 

"What  is  the  Sun? 

What  a  correct  answer  to  this  question  would 
be,  nobody  knows.  A  few  particulars,  the  least 
important,  perhaps,  are  thought  to  be  known  of 
the  constitution  of  some  of  its  portions  and  of 
some  of  its  powers,  but  of  it  integrally  and  ma- 
terially, human  knowledge  is  scant,  and,  possi- 
bly, what  is  thought  to  be  established  truth  is 
really  but  error.  When  almost  every  philo- 
sophical astronomer  is  of  a  different  opinion 
from  his  fellows  relative  to  the  nature  of  the 
sun,  some  claiming  that  the  sun  is  hot  and  some 
that  it  is  cold,  it  is  easily  perceived  that  exact 
knowledge  concerning  it  has  not  yet  been  at- 
tained. But,  to  state  the  most  obvious  conclu- 
sions, if  the  parallax  has  been  correctly  deter- 
mined, the  distance  of  the  sun  is  some  93,000,000 
miles,  its  diameter  some  850,000  miles,  its  vol- 
ume is  some  1,250,000  times  that  of  the  earth, 
and  at  an  equal  distance  it  would  exert  315,000 
times  as  much  force  on  a  body  as  would  the 
earth;  its  specific  gravity  is  thought  to  be  1.367, 
or  about  one-quarter  that  of  the  earth  ;  the 
weight  of  a  body  on  its  surface  would  be  about 
27.36  times  greater  than  on  the  earth  ;  its  rota- 
tion on  its  axis  is  accomplished  in  about  25.34 
terrestrial  days  ;  it  is  moving  through  space  at 
about  five  miles  per  second;  its  daily  rotation  is 
14°  18'.  Mr.  Lockyer  says  the  sun  is  now  gen- 
erally considered  to  be  a 

Huge  Incandescent  Globe, 
The  very  coolest  part  of  which  is  glowing  with 
a  heat  which   transcends   all   our  earthly  fires  ; 
its  heat  is  not  thought  to  be  due  to  combustion, 
as  in  our  fires,  but  to  the  vivid  incandescence  of 


each  particle1,  brought 'about  by  the  original 
contraction  of  the  vaporous  globe,  or  by  causes 
even  more  remote  and  unknown. 

The  Earth's 
Velocity  around  the  sun  is  18.2  miles  per  second; 
the  volume  of  the  earth  is  so  small  that  it  inter 
cepts  less  than  two-millionth  of  the  sun's  radi- 
ated  energy.  Theoretically,  the  maximum  limit 
of  the  atmosphere  is  about  21,000  miles,  at 
which  point  the  centrifugal  force  is  equal  to  the 
weight  of  the  air  ;  the  minimum  hight  is  about 
30  miles,  or  about  the  130th  part  of  the  earth's 
radius,  the  actual  hight  of  the  sensible  atmos 
phere  may  be  200  miles,  the  entire  weight  of 
the  air  is  about  1-1,100,000  of  the  weight  of  the 
earth.  The  weight  of  water  is  770  times  that 
of  air.  Tropical  evaporatien  is  supposed  to 
amount  to  at  least  16  feet  of  water,  of  which 
about  six  feet  fall  in  the  same  region,  and  about 
ten  feet  are  transported  toward  the  poles  ;  the 
surface  from  which  the  evaporation  takes  place 
may  be  estimated  at  70,000,000  geographical 
miles,  and  from  this  it  will  be  seen  that  the 
depth  of  10  feet  of  water  represents  a  volume 
equal  to  25,000  billions  of  cubic  feet  (25x10.15). 
transported  through  the  atmosphere  by  the 
power  of  the  sun's  rays. 

The  above  figures  will  give  the  uninitiated 
some  idea  of  the  earth  and  its  atmosphere,  the 
volume  of  the  sun  and  its  powers,  as  affecting 
the  rainfall  and  sun-spot  problem.  A  brief  ac 
count  of 

Various  Opinions 

Of  the  sun-spots,  their  probable  cause,  and  how 
that  condition  of  the  sun  and  planets  of  which 
they  are  a  measure,  affects  our  earth,  in  the 
forms  already  mentioned,  will  conclude  this 
part  of  the  subject. 

While  this  subject  was  formerly,  and  is  now 
beset  by  the  impossibility  of  getting  accurate 
accounts  of  the  solar  spots,  the  future  student 
of  cosmic  meteorology  will  possess  sound  data 
upon  which  to  erect  his  dictum  and  decision. 
Of  late  years  a  minute  study  of  the  sun-spots 
has  been  made  a  part  of  regular  observatory 
work,  and  in  a  few  years  more,  most  interesting 
facts  may  be  published.  So  far  the  observa- 
tions and  speculations  of  two  centuries  have  not 
sufficed  to  determine  the  true  character  of  the 
spots.  The  most  fantastic  notions  of  them  have 
been  indulged.  The  students  of  the  Aristotleian 
philosophy  denied  the  possibility  of  their  ex 
istence,  alleging  that  it  is  impossible  that  the 
eye  of  the  universe  should  suffer  from  ophthal 
mia.  It  has  been  variously  thought  that  sun 
spots  were  only  apparent  not  real;  that 
they  were  in  our  atmosphere  or  our  glasses; 
that  they  were  wandering  cosmical  bodies  be- 
tween  the  earth  and  the  sun;  that  they  were 
caused  by  meteoric  streams  upon  the  sun;  that 
they  were  great  yawning  chasms  in  the  outer 
atmosphere  of  the  sun;  that  they  were  solid 
parts  of  the  sun  exposed  from  time  to  time  by 
the  ebb  and  flow  of  a  liquid,  fiery  and  trans- 
parent sea;  that  they  were  parts  of  a  cool  and 
habitable  globe.  The  best  modern  opinion 
seems  to  be  that  they  are  really  openings  in  the 
sun's  atmosphere  of  a  cyclonic  nature,  through 
which  gas  pours  in  and  out.  According  to 
Father  Secchi,they  are  "solutions  of  continuity 
in  the  stratum  of  mists  or  luminous  vapors 
which  form  the  photosphere." 

The  spots  are  confined  generally  to 
Two  Definite  Zones, 
Extending  about  35°  on  each  side  of  the  solar 
equator;  an  intermediate  zone  to  a  distance  of 
some  8°  on  either  side  of  the  equator  being 
usually  free  from  spots.  Tints  of  red  within 
the  spots  have  been  noticed,  and  are  supposed 
to  be  part  of  the  chromosphere  which 
surrounds  the  whole  globe  of  the  sun.  Spots 
have  various  motions — rotatory  and  rec- 
tilinear; change  in  figure  or  wholly  disap- 
pear, often  in  a  s;.ngle  moment.  The  mo- 
tion of  a  spot  across  the  sun's  surface  from  west 
to  east  has  been  observed  to  have  a  velocity  of 
600  yards  per  second.  They  vary  incessantly  in 
form  and  position,  remaining  most  frequently 
upon  the  sun  during  one  or  two  of  his  rotations. 
They  are  not  of  uniform  brightness,  but  are 
commonly  surrounded  by  a  fringe  less  dark 
than  the  central-  part.  Their  size  varies;  the 
least  spot  that  can  be  perceived  with  the  tele- 
scope must  have  an  area  of  at  least  50,000  miles; 
in  1828  a  spot  appeared  which  was  equal  to 
four  times  the  earth's  diameter;  in  1S39  ap- 
peared one  of  sevan  times,  and  in  1859  appeared 
one  of  18  times  the  diameter  of  the  earth.  But 
whatever  sun-spots  may  be,  or  whatever  their 
cause,  the  scientific  world  is  now  sure  of 

[One  Leading  Fact, 

Which  is  that  the  energiesatworkupon  the  sun  are 
not  constant.  At  times  the  spots  are  so  enor- 
mous as  to  be  visible  to  the  naked  eye,  at  other 
times  the  sun  is  apparently  spotless.  At  times 
glowing  vapors  rush  up  from  its  bowels  with 
great  persistence,  at  other  times  they  are  in- 
visible for  months;  and  when  there  is  the  great- 
est number  of  up-rushes  of  heated  matter  from 
below,  there  is  the  greatest  number  of  spots  and 
prominences.  According  to  Mr.  Lockyer,  the 
spots  may  be  taken  as  a  rough  index  of  solar 
energy,  just  as  the  rainfall  may  be  taken  as  a 
convenient  indication  of  terrestrial  climate. 
They  are  an  index  but  not  the  cause  or  Com- 
plete measure  of  solar  energy,  and  their  appar- 
ent absence  indicates  a  reduction,  not  a  cessa- 
tion of  solar  energy — the  percentage  of  which  is 
unknown. 

Speculations. 

Prof.  Loomis  believed  that  a  sun-spot  is  the 
result  of  a  disturbance  on  the  sun's  surface, 
with  some  emanation  from  the  sun  that  is  al- 
most instantly  felt  upon  the  the  earth.  •  Father 


Secchi  remarked  that  the  variation  of  the  sun's 
activity  may  well  be  communicated  to  the  earth, 
either  by  means  of  heat  or  some  other  channel 
as  yet  unknown;  such,  for  instance,  as  by  elec- 
tro-dynamic action,  thus  producing  upon,  our 
earth  meteorological  or  electric  phenomena. 
Becqueral  maintained  that  the  origin  of  atmos- 
pheric electricity  is  the  sun,  and  that  there  can 
be  no  other  complete  explanation  of  the  enor- 
mous quantity  diffused  in  the  atmosphere;  and 
he  was  also  of  the  opinion  the  the  positive. elec- 
tricity of  the  sun  is  carried  through  planetary 
space  by  hydrogen  gas. 

What  the  substance  or  force  is  by  which  the 
energy  of  the  sun,  with  all  its  quick  variations, 
is  almost  instantaneously  transmitted  to  the 
earth,  affecting  the  entire  globe  so  powerfully, 
is  yet  a  matter  of  speculation;  but  it  seems 
reasonable  to  assume  that  it  must  be  an  etheric 
force  of  a  nature  similar  to  electricity,  but  finer 
and  of  more  potency. 

[To  be  Continued.] 


The  Cone-bearers,  or  Evergreen  Trees  of 
California.— No,  3. 

[Written  for  the  Press  by  J.  G.  Lemmon.] 
Spruce  Family. 

Our  last  paper  closed  with  the  enumeration 
of  the  pines  of  California,  composing  the  first 
genus  of  the  four  large  genera  belonging  to  the 
tribe  Abietince? 

The  other  genera  are  Picea  (from  which  a 
small  genus,  Tsuga,  has  lately  been  seperated), 
Abies,  and  Larix,  commonly  called  spruce,  fir, 
and  tamarack,  the  two  first  of  which,  for  rea- 
sons following,  we  will  consider  together.  The 
flowers  of  these  genera  are  similar  to  the  first 
genus,  Pinus,  to  which  the  older  botanists 
referred  them,  calling  them  all  pines,  but  sub- 
sequently they  were  separated  under  the  name 
of  Picea,  Soon  after  a  part  of  the  species  was 
erected  into  another  genus  and  called  Abies. 
Other  botanists  extended  the  name  Abies  over 
the  whole  group,  and  vice  versa.  Thus  the  two 
names,  Picea  and  Abies,  have  been  much  inter- 
changed, and  often  one  of  them  dropped 
entirely,  causing  great 

Confusion  from.  Misnaming'. 
This    confusion    extended     to    the    common 
names,  spruce  and   fir,  as   well,  and  still   con- 
tinues to  this  day. 

The  consolidation  of  this  group  into  one  genus 
was  based  upon  the  fact  that  they  have  several 
characters  in  common,  to  wit:  cone-scales  flat, 
not  thickened  at  apex,  nor  spurred;  leaves 
single,  short,  scattered,  not  sheathed  at  base. 
Their  separation  into  two  (and  finally,  lately, 
into  three)  genera,  is  based  upon  differences  in 
the  characters  of  their  fruit — by  most  author- 
ities regarded  as  very  important — to  wit:  Spruce 
cones  depend  from  any  of  the  branches,  and  fall 
off,  entire,  at  maturity,  like  the  pine;  fir  cones 
stand  erect  upon  the  upper  limbs  and  fall  to 
pieces  at  maturity,  leaving  the  core  persistent. 

As  stated,  much  confusion  and  controversy 
has  been  connected  with  this  large  and  interest- 
ing group  of  trees;  and  intelligent  lumbermen, 
as  well  as  scientists,  are  found  calling  species 
by  opposite  names,  according  as  they  follow 
different  authors,  but  the  matter  has  been  re- 
cently settled  as  above,  as  well  as  by  micro- 
scopic examinations,  and  we,  who  live  among 
the  noble  trees,  ought  to  avail  ourselves  of  the 
facts,  study  the  distinctions,  get  them  well 
fixed  in  our  minds — then  hereafter,  set  a  proper 
example,  thus  clearing  away  the  confusion. 
Eng,elmann«3  Dictum. 

Dr.  George  Engelmann,  of  St  Louis,  the 
closest  student  of  our  trees  in  America,  has  just 
published  an  exhaustive  description  of  the 
American  firs,  in  which  he  says:  "I  follow 
Link  in  his  name,  definition  and  limitation  of 
the  genus  Abies,  which  seems  to  be  a  very  nat- 
ural one,  comprising  the  silver  and  balsam  firs." 

The  synonym  Picea  is  the  older  name,  and 
enjoys  the  Linnsan  prestige,  but  is  contrary  to 
classical- (see  Pliny  and  others),  and  to  philolog- 
ical authority.  The  name  Abies  is  generally 
adopted  in  Europe,  while  Picea,  heretofore 
principally  used  in  England,  is  now  being  aban- 
doned. 

Picea  is  the  pitch  tree,  and  properly  desig- 
nates the  spruces.  Tournefort,  the  elder  De 
Candolle,  Gray  and  others,  comprise  under  the 
name  Abies  both  the  spruces  and  firs;  "but," 
the  Doctor  declares  emphatioally,  "the  generic 
distinctions  between  them  are  abundant,  and 
based  on  floral  and  fruit  characters,  as  well  as 
upon  the  leaf  anatomy. " 

Spruce  Family. 

The  spruces  are  distinguished  from  the  firs 
by  their  depending  cones  growing  from  any  of 
the  limbs,  with  persistent  scales  and  bracts, 
and,  generally,  by  their  scattered  limbs  and 
leaves;  also  by  microscopic  anatomy,  as  shown 
by  Engelmann.  They  comprise  two  genera, 
Picea  and  Tsuga  forming  the  second  and  third 
genera  of  the  Abietince,  as  stated,  differing 
from  each  other  by  but  few  characters  detected 
at  a  distance;  five   species  in  California. 

2d.  genus,  Picea,  from  pix,  "pitch."  The 
true  spruce.  Leaves  four-sided,  and  generally 
scattered  all  round  the  long  twigs,  leaving, 
when  they  fall,  the  foot-stalk,  persistent,  ligne- 
ous and  prominent.  Bracts  concealed  beneath 
the  cone-scales. 

1.  Picea  Pattoniana,  (Abies  Williamsoni  of 
English  authors).  (1Silver  spruce"  of  Califor- 
nia. Grows  sparsely  on  the  peaks  of  the  Cas- 
cades in  Oregon  and  in  the  Sierra  of  California 
(near  Webber  and  Tahoe  lakes,  and  on  LasseDr 


February  8,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


87 


Stanford  and  Teliae  peakB).  It  is  an  exceed- 
ingly graceful  tree,  tall  and  tapering,  with 
longest  limbs  below,  all  starting  out  downward 
from  the  trunk,  then  outward,  lastly  upward. 
Cones  in  clusters  at  the  etuis  of  branches ; 
purple  ;  small  ;  two  to  three  inches  long  ;  ullip- 

tcts  short,  concealed  by  the  t  H 
close  scales,  but  half  opening  at  maturity. 

•_\     Pi  ■■  Monetae1 

spruce,"  of  Oregon  and  upper  California.  A 
graceful  tree,  SO  to  120  feet  high,  with  long 
pendant  twigs  ;  timber  yellow,  tough  ;  heuce 
for  shipbuilding  ;  cones  elliptic,  two  snd 
thr. «  inches  lung  ;  leaves  on  lower  limbs  often 
2-ranked. 

:t.   /'.  ','  '.■■<<,     LiudL       "  Hemlock 

Ipruoe"  of  Oregon  and  upper  California,  coast; 
1 1  hi  to  ISO  feet  high-  "The  northern  forms," 
according  to  Dr.  Kellogg,  "densely  foliaged, 
but  exceedingly  graceful  in  their  arching 
branches;  tlie  southern  with  perfectly  horizou- 
t.il  ipray,  airy  and  gauzy,  giving  an  effect  beau- 
tiful beyond  description.  Timber  white,  soft, 
worthless;  cones  very  small,  ono-balf  to  one 
inch  long;  ovate;  leaves  generally  2-ranked. 

<  rtaie  ipecii  i  the  genus  under  cousidera- 
tinii  have  lately  been  separated  from  the  pre- 
ceding and  named  Tsuga^  the  "false  spruce." 
flat,  not  four-sided,  and  generally  in  tun 
ranks  on  opposite  sides  of  twigs,  falling  off  en- 
tire, leaving  a  round  sear  on  the  bark.  Bracts, 
exserted. 

•1.  Tsuga  Douglasii,  LindL  "Douglas spruce." 
"Black  spruce"  of  the  Rocky  mountains,  and  of 
the  California  coast  and  Sierra  ranges.  A  com- 
mon and  often  immense  tree,  200  to  350  feet 
high,  with  a  rough,  black  barked  trunk  8  to  15 
feet  in  diameter.  Timber  soft  but  strong,  com- 
posing the  great  lumber  wealth  of  Oregon  and 
Washington;  cones  ovate,  three  inches  long; 
bracts  much  exserted,  three-parted;  leaves  light 
green,  arranged  in  spirals  around  the  banging 
twigs. 

5.  Tsuga  macrocarpa,  Torr.,  or  Tsuga  Doug- 
kteli,  variety,  marrocurpa,  Vasey,  the  "big- 
coned  spruce"  of  the  San  Bernardino  mountains. 
A  rare  tree,  differing  from  the  typical  Douglas 
spruce  in  its  smaller  size,  gnarly  appearance 
aud  the  great  size  and  '  quantity  of  its  cones,  8 
to  1 1  inches  long,  and  lying  a  foot  deep  beneath 
the  trees. 

(To  be  Continued.) 


the  united   efforts  of  the   leading  commercial!      \Vak>"i.v.  to  LOCOMOTIVE  Kn.;inkkks. — Drs. 
nations  of  the   world,    in    tlie   interest   of   the    Charles  M.  Cresson  and  Robert  K.   Rogers,    of 
world's  commerce  aud  of  civilization.      Verbum     this  city,  says  the    Philadelphia   Ledgt  r,    well- 
known  as  experts  in    chemistry    rind    dynamics. 
The  Cape  Cod  ship  canal,  a  project   that  has    were  appointed  by  the  Reading  Railroad   Com- 
lUy  agitatod  for  a  century    anil    a     pany  to  inquire  into  and  report  upon  the  causes 


half,  found  an  able  champion,  last  year,  in  Mr. 
Clemens  Her.-ehel!;  and  several  schemes  for  the 
construction  of  a  direct  water-way  across  the 
peninsula  of  Honda  were  brought  forward  more 
or  less  prominently. 

■rding  the  Channel  tunnel  to  connect 
England  and  France,  the  reclamation  of  the 
Zuyder  Zee,  aud  the  flooding  of  the  Sahara, 
brilliant  projects  that  have  attracted  more  or 
less  attention  on  the  part  of  the  engineering 
world  for  several  years  past,  nothing  has  been 
j  and  the  regular  amount  of  discussion. 
The  St.  Gothard  tunnel,  the  greatest  engineer- 
ing work  at  present  under  way  in  Kurope,  met 
with  a  serious  set-back,  last  year,  by  the  refusal 
of  the  Swiss  cantons  to  vote  the  surplus  of  sub- 
sidy  which  the  unforeseen  expensiveneBS of  the 
work  has  rendered  it  necessary  to  provide. 
The  difficulty,  however,  appears  to  have  been 
satisfactorily  adjusted. 

In  mechanics,  we  have  nothing  of  spocial  im- 
portance to  report  to  the  credit  of  the  past  year. 
— Enghirering  and  Mining  Journal. 

J         -  ' 


UsEfJL      [|<FQr\|M.*\TION. 


TtjE     £wqiKEEr\, 


A  Review  of  tlie  Past  Year. 


In  engineering,  the  year  just  past  can  scarce- 
ly be  said  to  have  afforded  much  matter  of 
interest ;  for  beyond  the  progress  made  upon  t 
number  of  important  works  of  improvement, 
and  the  completion  of  a  few  others,  there  is  but 
little  to  notice.  The  only  specially  novel 
engineering  undertaking  to  record  is  the  suc- 
cessful transfer  of  the  Cleopatra  Obelisk  from 
Egypt  to  England — to  its  present  site  on  the 
Thames  embankment  4o  London.  The  engineer- 
ing skill  is  displayed  in  this  work  by  the  con- 
tractors has  been  highly  praised  by  the  leading 
professional  journals  of  England,  and  appears  to 
be  deserved.  The  practical  completion  of  the 
great  Sutro  tunnol  was  by  all  odds  the  most 
interesting  and  important  performance  in  this 
department  of  the  United  States  during  the 
year.  The  improvements  works  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Mississippi  do  not  appear  to  realize  the 
sanguine  expectations  and  predictions  of  their 
projector  to  the  extent  that  his  many  warm 
advocates  had  hoped.  It  would,  however,  be 
premature  to  pass  judgment  at  this  time  upon 
the  merits  of  the  controversy  that  is  known  to 
exist  between  Capt.  Eads  and  the  U.  S.  Engi- 
neering department,  on  which  our  readers  are 
.  generally  informed. 

The  partial  completion  and  practical  intro- 
duction of  an  elaborate  Bystem  of  elevated 
street  railways,  in  New  York  city,  is  an  event 
of  special  interest,  and,  though  some  serious 
objections  have  been  found  against  them,  their 
utility  in  solving  the  problem  of  rapid  transit  is 
generally  admitted. 

The  canal  across  the  American  isthmus  at- 
tracted considerable  attention  at  the  scientific 
congresses  assembled  in  Paris  during  the  late 
exposition,  and  the  results  of  the  several  ex- 
plorations, just  made  under  the  direction  of  the 
French  naval  officer,  Lieut.  Wyse,  for  a  route 
across  the  Darien  isthmus,  enjoyed  special 
prominence.  The  periodical  sending  out  of  ex- 
peditions to  survey  ground  that  has  been  al- 
ready surveyed  and  resurveyed  in  the  hope  of 
finding  some  passage  across  this  troublesome 
neck  of  land,  that  may,  perchance,  have  escaped 
the  observation  of  previous  expeditions,  might 
as  well  be  stopped  before  the  performance  be- 
comes farcical.  Our  own  engineers  have  ex- 
plored every  ridge,  valley,  and  stream  along  the 
whole  isthmus  from  Panama  to  the  Gulf  of  San 
Bias;  and  their  reports,  which  are  full  and  ex- 
haustive, fully  confirm  Trautwine's  conclusions, 
that  a  canal  across  the  isthmus  at  the  narrowest 
point,  from  the  Gulf  of  San  Miguel  to  the  Gulf 
of  San  Bias,  with  a  tunnel  of  10  miles  in  length, 
at  a  cost  of  $300,000,000,  is  the  best  that  can  be 
done  in  a  region  where  nature  has  interposed  so 
many  obstacles.  Whether  so  stupendous 
work  will  ever  be  undertaken  by  private  capital 
and  enterprise  may  well  be  doubted,  and  the 
prediction  may,  we  believe,  be  safely  made 
that  the  inter-oceanic  canal  across  the  American 
iBthmus,  if  ever  accomplished,  will  be  done  by 


Glass  Clothing. 

It  may  seem  a  transparent  falsehood  to  state 
that  people  wear  glass  clothing,  but  this  sort  of 
apparel  may  yet  come  into  use.  Glass  would 
seem  to  be  about  the  last  thing  to  think  of  as 
clothing;  but  it  is  nevertheless  true  that  glass- 
cloth  is  being  made  in  Germany.  If  people  who 
live  iu  glass  houses  should  not  throw  stones,  it 
rs  to  be  hoped  that  bad  boys  clothed  in  glass 
may  give  up  their  stone-throwing  propensities, 
not  to  mention  snow-balling,  and,  if  so,  the  era 
of  glass  clothing  will  be  hailed  with  pleasure. 
The  following  particulars  of  the  process  are 
translated  for  the  Detroit  Free  Press  from  the 
11,  mil) at,  by  Hermann  Frueauff,  of  that  city: 
"At  Gaudenfrei,  the  artist  and  the  glass-spin- 
ner, A.  Prengel,  of  Vienna,  has  established  his 
glass  business,  offering  carpets,  cuffs,  collars, 
veils,  etc.,  of  glass.  He  not  only  spins,  but 
also  weaves  glass  before  the  eyes  of  the  people. 
The  otherwise  brittle  glass  he  changes  into  pli- 
able threads,  and  uses  them  for  making  good, 
warm  clothing.  It  sounds  like  a  myth;  but 
Mr.  Prengel  introduces  certain  ingredients, 
which  are  his  secret,  and  thereby  changes  the 
entire  nature  of  the  glass.  He  has  just  finished 
a  white,  curly  glass  muff  for  a  lady  in  St. 
Petersburg;  he  charges  40  thalers  ($30)  for 
them.  Also  ladies'  hats  of  glass,  with  glass 
feathers.  A  remarkable  feature  of  this  glass 
material  is  that  it  is  lighter  than  feathers. 
Wool  made  of  glass  cannot  be  distinguished 
from  the  genuine  article.  Mr.  Prengel's  glass 
inventions  are  something  so  extraordinary  and 
useful  for  clothing,  etc.,  as  glass  is  a  non-con- 
ductor, that  it  will  probably  cause  an  entire 
revolution  in  dress  material." 


of  tlie  recent  explosion  of  the  boiler  of  the 
press  locomotive  "Gem,"  at  ttahanoy  City,  by 
which  live  lives  were  lost  Their  report,  which 
aed  to  cover  the  whole  scope  of  a  most 
careful  investigation,  is  not  yet  made  public, 
but  they  have  arrived  at  the  following  specific 
conclusion,  which  we  give  iu  their  own  lan- 
guage :  "We  are,  therefore,  of  the  opinion 
that  the  explosion  of  the  boiler  of  the  locomo- 
tive "Gem,  was  produced  by  the  projection  of 
foam  upon  the  heated  crown  bars  of  the  furnace, 
caused  by  suddenly  and  widely  opening  the 
safety-valve  at  a  time  when  the  water  had  been 
permitted  to  got  so  low  as  to  overheat  the  crowu 
of  the  furnace."  This  is  an  important  matter 
that  should  be  carefully  noted  by  locomotive 
and  other  engineers. 

How  10  Wash  Silks. — Lay  the  silk  smooth 
on  a  clean  board,  rub  soap  upon  it,  and  brush  it 
with  a  rather  hard  brush.  The  amount  of 
brushing  requisite  will  depend  on  the  quantity 
of  grease  upon  the  silk.  When  it  has  been  suf- 
ficiently brushed  with  the  soap  to  cleanse  it 
from  grease  and  dirt,  it  should  be  well  brushed 
both  sides  with  clean  cold  water.  A  little  alum 
infused  in  the  last  water  with  which  the  silk  is 
brushed  will  prevent  the  colors  from  spreading. 
Should  there  be  any  patches  of  grease  upon  the 
silk,  they  should  be  removed  as  previously  de- 
scribed,Jor  by  the  application  of  a  little  camphine 
and  alcohol.  Folding  or  wringing  silk  when 
wet  must  be  scrupulously  avoided,  as  creases 
made  in  silk  when  wet  will  never  disappear  ; 
and,  iu  like  manner,  hot  suds  must  not  be  used 
for  washing  silks,  as  it  will  in  most  instances 
remove  the  colors. — CasselVs  Household  Guide. 


Gluten  and  Starch  in  Wheat. 

For  the  purpose  of  human  food  the  most  val- 
uable constituents  of  a  grain  of  wheat  are  starch 
and  gluten.  Starch  forms  on  the  average  about 
60  .  of  the  kernel;  it  is  one  of  the  commonest 
and  important  articles  of  food.  Gluten  is  even 
more  nutritious  than  starch,  its  composition  be- 
ing more  nearly  that  of  animal  substances,  but 
it  is  found  in  the  wheat  kernel  in  much  less 
quantity  than  the  starch;  in  Ohio  wheats  it  may 
amount  to  10%  or  possibly  15%,  while  in  drier 
climates  the  proportion  is  greater.  In  addition 
to  the  value  of  gluten  as  food,  it  has  proper- 
ties which  make  it  especially  valuable  in  com- 
bination with  starch  for  making  bread.  It 
Forma,  with  water,  a  most  tenacious  paste,  and 
when  fermentation  or  chemical  action  is  set  up 
in  dough,  this  paste  forms  a  thin  pellicle  about 
the  bubbles  of  carbonic  acid  gas  as  they  are 
produced  and  retains  them.  This  retention  of 
the  gas  causes  the  dough  to  expand  or  rise,  so 
that  when  baked  in  this  condition  the  bread 
comes  from  the  oven  thoroughly  vesicular  or 
light.  A  flour  exclusively  of  starch  or  contain- 
ing iusullicient  gluten,  will  not  retain  the  gas, 
and,  consequently,  does  not  rise;  the  more 
gluten  there  is  in  the  Hour,  the  more  perfectly 
the  dough  made  of  it  rises  and  the  lighter  and 
better  the  bread.  Flour  from  soft  wheats, 
which  contain  abundance  of  starch,  but  are  de- 
ficient in  the  gluten,  cemmand  but  a  low  price 
for  bakers'  use  iu  Eastern  cities,  while  Hour 
from  flinty  wheat,  which  is  more  glutenous  and 
strong  enough  to  raise  itself  not  only,  but  pos- 
sibly a  mixture  of  cheaper  flour  and  a  good 
quantity  of  water,  is  in  good  demand,  and  at 
higher  prices. — Health  Almanac. 


Bcckwheat. — The  name  comes  from  beech- 
wheat,  because  the  seed  resembles  the  beech- 
mast  in  shape,  but  has  been  corrupted  into 
buckwheat.  It  is  a  native  of  Asia,  and  was 
brought  into  Europe  either  by  the  Crusaders 
600  or  700  years  ago,  or  into  Spain  by  Moors. 
It  did  not  reach  England  until  within  the  last 
250  years,  but  just  in  time  to  come  over  with 
some  of  the  earliest  settlers  in  America.  It  was 
first  cultivated  by  the  Hudson  river  Dutch,  and 
by  the  Swedes  on  the  Delaware.  The  Dutch 
mention  it  as  early  as  1616,  and  from  what  they 
say  on  the  subject  it  is  quite  certain  they  then 
knew  quite  as  much  about  buckwheat  cakes  as 
was  ever  worth  knowing.  From  these  two  cen- 
ters of  early  settlement  the  cultivation  spread 
over  New  York,  New  Jersey  and  Pennsylvania; 
following  the  colonists  into  the  new  homes  they 
cleared  up  in  the  forests  as  certainly  as  the 
honey  bee  follows  in  the  pathway  of  the  west' 
ern  pioneer,  making  his  home  wherever  the 
white  man  builds  his  cabin.  These  three  States 
have  always  been  immense  producers  of  buck 
wheat,  growing  two-thirds  of  the  whole  quan 
tity  raised,  now  amounting  to  many  million 
bushels  annually.  Its  cultivation  is  rapidly 
extending  through  the  north  and  northwest, 
until  the  present  annual  product  is  30,000,000 
of  bushels. 


Brier  Ruot  Pipes.. — Much  of  the  wood  used 
for  making  the  so-called  "brier  root"  pipes  is 
derived,  it  appears,  from  Corsica.  The  white 
heath,  or  bruyere  (of  which  "brier"  is  a  corrup- 
tion), grows  in  great  luxuriance  and  very 
abundantly  among  the  trees  and  shrubs  which 
form  what  is  called  the  "marquis"  covering  the 
mountain  sides.  In  the  course  of  the  last  few 
years,  since  brier  wood  pipes  have  become  such 
a  large  article  of  trade,  the  heath  trees  have 
become  a  source  of  lucrative  industry.  The 
roots  are  dug  up  and.  cut  into  rough  forms  of 
tobacco  pipes  by  circular  saws  worked  by  the 
water  power  of  the  mountains  streams.  The 
pieces,  when  cut  up,  are  sent  in  sacks  to  France, 
and  thence  to  America,  to  be  eventually  manu- 
factured into  "brier  root  pipes." 

The  Vitality  of  Wheat. — The  seeds  of  the 
wheat  possess  a  vitality  which  resists  intense 
cold.  A  sample  of  the  wheat  left  by  the  Po- 
laris, in  1871,  in  81°  16'  north  latitude,  aud  ex- 
posed to  a  temperature  varying  from  that  of 
summer  to  that  of  winter  in  that  position  for 
five  years,  was  sown  last  year  by  Dr.  Schan- 
burgh,  of  the  Botanic  Gardens  aud  Government 
plantations,  South  Australia,  and  out  of  300 
grains,  60  germinated  and  produced  plants, 
three  or  four  feet  high,  with  ears  containing  30 
grains  each. 


Floating  Soap. — A  soap  that  would  float 
upon  the  water  would  be  often  a  very  conve- 
nient thing.  Somebody  has  patented  such  an 
article,  which  is  made  by  simply  inserting  a 
piece  of  cork  into  the  center  of  the  cake.  The 
same  result  might  be  obtained  by  forming  the 
cakes  with  a  small  cavity  in  the  center. 


Qqod   HEA.LTtl- 


To  Color  Zinc. — The  Teclmologiste  gives  the 
following  process  for  permanently  coloring  zinc. 
The  metal  must  be  quite  pure,  as  must  also  the 
materials  of  which  the  following  hath  is  com- 
posed :  Tartrate  de  cuivre,  30  grains  ;  potasse 
caustique,  40  grains  ;  eau  distillee,  400  grains. 
After  being  submitted  for  two  minutes  to  the 
action  of  this  bath,  the  zinc  takes  a  violet 
tint ;  after  three  minutes  immersion,  it  becomes 
a  deep  blue  ;  in  four  and  a  half  minutes,  green; 
in  six  and  a  half  minutes,  purple. 


Cooling  Hot  Journals. — Von  Heereu  pro- 
poses a  method  of  cooling  hot  journals  by  a  mix- 
ture of  sulphur  and  oil  or  grease.  The  fine 
metal  dust  formed  when  a  journal  runs  hot,  and 
which  strongly  acts  upon  both  journals  and 
bearing,  forms  a  sulphide  of  sulphur.  This  com- 
pound, which  grows  soft  and  greasy,  does  not 
cause  any  appreciable  amount  of  friction.  It 
has  been -very  successfully  used  by  the  steamers 
of  the  North  German  Lloyds. — Iron  Age. 


Vegetable  Carbon.  — The  carbon  contained 
in  beans,  peas,  cornmeal,  oatmeal,  aud  other 
farinacea  is  of  a  different  character  essentially 
from  that  which  exists  in  animal  fat.  The 
chemist  may  not  find  a  difference  in  his  last 
analysis,  so  far  as  the  elements  are  concerned, 
but  the  dietetic  effects  are  different  positively. 
One  may  eat  largely  of  vegetable  food  without 
the  resultant  functional  derangement  which  is 
induced  by  eating  largely  of  animal  fat,  not- 
withstanding that  the  quantity  of  carbon  may 
be  actually  greater  by  analysis  in  the  vegetable 
food.  No  kind  of  food  will  supply  the  loss  of 
bones.  Eat  good,  nourishing  food  when  suffer- 
ing from  any  local  disturbance,  like  a  felon  or 
boil;  but  avoid  oils,  fats,  grease,  and  alcoholic 
stimulants.  Eat  fruit  liberally,  so  that  the 
blood  shall  be  kept  cool  and  the  digestive  func- 
tion in  good  order. — Phrenological  Journal. 


Sources  and  Constituents  of  Cod-liver 
Oil. — The  fish  from  which  the  oil  now  found  in 
commerce  is  obtained  is  said  by  the  British 
Pharmacopeia  to  be  Gadttg  morrhua,  Lin.  In 
the  U.  S.  Pharmacopeia,  it  is  said  with  stricter 
accuracy  to  be  derived  from  that  fish,  "and 
other  species  of  Gadus."  The  following  are  the 
species  of  fish  from  which  the  oil  is  obtained: 
The  codfish,  the  pollock,  the  coal-fish,  the  bur- 
bot, the  ling  and  the  dorse.  The  chemical  sub- 
stances whichcod-liveroilcontains  aremargaric, 
stearic,  and  cetylic  acids,  all  of  which  are  white 
solids;  oleic  acid  and  volatile  acids,  which  are 
liquids;  glycerine  and  biliary  matters,  and 
gaduine.  These  are  shown  in  the  relative  pro- 
portions iu  which  they  are  contained  in  the  oil, 
and  form  a  very  instructive  series.  Besides 
these  bodies  cod-liver  oil  contains  minute 
quantities  of  iodine,  bromine,  and  phosphorus. 
To  each  of  these  its  medicinal  properties  have 
been  referred,  hut  the  minute  quantities  con- 
tained in  the  oil,  the  difference  of  opinion  among 
authorities,  and  the  fact  that  other  animal  oils 
are  found  to  produce  similar  effects,  seem  to 
prove  sufficiently  that  cod-liver  oil  is  useful 
chiefly  as  an  easily  digested  fat. 

Pure  Air. — Pure  air  is  an  essential  of  pure 
blood.  Pure  blood  makes  stout  nerves;  conse- 
quently pure  air  which  makes  the  good  blood  ii 
an  essential  of  the  nervous  system.  Good  nerves 
insure  good  digestion;  therefore  pure  air,  which 
through  the  blood  makes  the  nerves  good,  is  an 
essential  of  the  digestive  functions.  Good 
digestion  makes  good  blood,  which  brings  us  to 
our  starting  point,  and  proves  that  pure  air  is 
the  first  element  in  animal  existence.  From  the 
cradle  to  the  grave  we  breathe ,  every  moment, 
during  working  and  sleeping  hours.  Pure  living 
air  therefore  we  require  every  instant.  Bad  air 
is  a  blood  poisoner.  Air  once  passed  through 
the  lungs  is  poisonous.  It  is  not  only  deprived 
of  its  living  and  life-giving  constituents,  but  it 
is  loaded  with  impurities,  especially  when  ex- 
spired  by  unhealthy  subjects.  Fever  malaria 
comes  always  from  poisoned  air.  There  may  be 
no  worse  poison  than  the  poison  emanating  from 
the  skins  and  lungs  of  a  mass  of  human  beings 
If  therefore  you  would  escape  "blood-poisoning" 
have  constant  free  ventilation. 


Health  and  Happiness. — One  of  the  most  in. 
portant  means  of  securing  and  retaining  good 
health,  is  to  live  happily.  Some  one  has  beau- 
tifully said:  Live  in  the  sunshine  at  home, 
although  clouds  of  perplexity  environ  you  in  the 
business  marts.  Bring  sniiles  into  the  realm 
where  so  much  heart  service  is  expended  for 
your  comfort.  Be  a  welcome  presence  to  the 
smallest  child,  even  to  the  very  house  dog,  to 
puss  upon  the  rug.  A  beneficent  and  loving 
spirit  diffuses  its  influence  from  the  highest  to 
the  lowest.  Enter  the  home  as  you  would 
some  pleasant,  safelretreat,  where  love  and  pieace 
await  you,  leaving  behind  all  that  annoys  and 
worries  and  disturbs  you  outside.  As  before 
marriage  you  always  revealed  your  better  self 
alone  to  the  eyes  of  the  beloved,  so  continue  to 
be  that  higher  self  throughout. 


The  Morning  Cough. — The  mucous  rheum 
which  calls  out  the  morning  cough  is  due  to 
the  changes  of  temperature  to  which  the  lining 
membrane  of  the  air  passages  is  exposed  in  cold 
and  stormy  weather.  People  pass  rapidly  from 
in-door  to  out-door  temperatures,  and  then 
changes  in  the  vascular  supply  of  the  mucous 
membrane  of  the  air  passages  are  set  up.  If 
everybody  at  all  times  only  breathed  through 
the  nose,  the  inspired  air  would  be  warmed  by 
passing  over  the  coils  of  blood-heated  plates 
which  exist  in  the  nose  for  that  purpose,  and 
would  not  affect  the  air  passages  behind  the 
turbinated  bones.  But  such  is  not  the  case; 
they  probably  commence  to  talk,  and  in  doing 
so  draw  in  by  the  mouth  cold  air,  which,  on 
mixing  with  the  residual  air  in  the  chest,  lowers 
its  temperature,  and  then  a  fluxionary  hyper- 
emia follows,  and  after  it,  in  its  train,  a  mu- 
cous rheum.  The  best  plan  for  persons  who 
are  subject  to  colds  and  coughB  to  adopt,  is  to 
keep  their  mouths  closed;  talk  as  little  as  pos- 
sible, and  avoid  stopping  or  standing  still.  If 
one  out  of  doors  keeps  moving,  and  with  his 
mouth  constantly  closed,  there  is  very  little 
danger  of  taking  cold  or  contracting  a  catarrh. 

Parasitic  Skin  Diseases.— Editors  Press: 
—The  following  remedy  I  would  recommend  as 
a  safe  and  reliable  cure  for  skin  diseases  of  the 
above  class,  having  found  it  the  best  of  all  the 
various  remedies  given  in  the  Materia  Medica: 
Two  grains  of  chloride  of  zinc  to  one  ounce  of 
distilled  water.and  use  twice  a  day  as  a  lotion. 
— Reader, 


88 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[February  8,  1879. 


llpiNffl^iiigi 


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SAN   FRANCISCO: 
Saturday  Morning,  Feb.  8,  1879. 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 

GENERAL  EDITORIALS.— Oil  Wells  of  Ventura 
County;  The  Allen  Governor;  Harrison's  Horse  Hay 
Fork,  81.  The  Week;  Openings  and  Opportunities  for 
Unemployed  Labor;  Bullion  Product  of  the  Principal 
Mines  in  1878;  Rapid  Transit,  88.  Hydraulic  Mining 
Engineering;  The  Knowles  Tank  Pump;  Big  Strike  and 
Early  Legends;  Notices  of  Recent  Patents,  89. 

ILLUSTRATIONS.— Harrison's  Improved  Hay  Fork; 
The  Allen  Governor  and  Valve,  81.  Knowles'  Tank 
Pump,  with  Feeder  and  Boiler,  89. 

MINING  STOCK  MARKET.— Sales  at  the  San 
Francisco,  California  and  Pacific  Stock  Boards,  Notices 
of  Assessments,  Meetings  and  Dividends,  84- 

MINING  SUMMARY  from  the  various  counties  of 
California,  Nevada,  Arizona,  Montana,  Oregon  and 
Utah,  85-92. 

NEWS  IN  BRIEF  on  page  92  and  other  pages. 

CORRESPONDENCE.— Chilean  Gravels  and  Gold 
Washings;  Heat  of  Thermal  Springs,  82. 

MECHANICAL  PROGRESS. —Solidity  in  Iron 
Casting;  A  New  Test  for  Steel;  Transmitting  Power  bv 
Electricity;  Transmission  of  Heat  by  Steel  Plates;  Sili- 
eide  of  Iron ;  Iron  Buggies,  83. 

SCIENTIFIC  PROGRESS.  —  Ultra-Gaseous  Mat- 
ter; Wood  Pulp  for  Paper;  Mean  Distance  of  Water 
Molecules;  Enormous  Submarine  Plant,  83. 

THE  ENGINEER.— A  Review  of  the  Past  Year,  87. 

USEFUL  INFORMATION.— Glass  Clothing;  Buck- 
wheat; To  Color  Zinc;  Cooling  Hot  Journals;  Warning  to 
Locomotive  Engineers;  How  to  Wash  Silks;  Brier  Root 
Pipes;  The  Vitalitv  of  Wheat;  Floating  Soap,  87. 

GOOD  HEALTH.— Vegetable  Carbon;  Health  and 
Happiness;  Gluten  aud  Starch  in  Wheat;  Sources  and 
Constituents  of  Cod-liver  Oil;  Pure  Air;  The  Morning 
Cough;  Parasitic  Skin  Diseases,  87. 

MISCELLANEOUS.— The  Tuolumne  Cave;  Soluble 
Gold,  Silver  and  Lead  Combinations,  82.  Cosmic  Me- 
teorology— No.  3,  86.  The  Cone-bearers,  or  Evergreen 
Trees  of  California. —No.  3,  86-87. 

Business   Announcements. 

Paul'B  Dry  Amalgamating  Barrel  Process,  Almarin  B. 
Paul,  S.  F. 
F.  Moorecroft,  Stone  Seal  Engraver,  S.  F. 
Assessment  Notice— Wide  Awake  Prospecting  and  M.  Co. 
Assessment  Notice— Summit  Mining  Co. 


The  Week. 

The  past  week  is  without  domestic  events  of 
importance,  except  the  accomplishment  of  the 
compromise  between  the  Sutro  Tunnel  Co.  and 
the  mine  owners.  This  will  have  a  very  impor- 
tant bearing  on  future  operations  on  the  Corn- 
stock.  As  the  snowfall  on  the  Sierra  Nevada 
has  been  light  and  but  little  impacted,  the  pros- 
pect for  an  extended  water  season  is  not  en- 
couraging. In  the  mountain  streams  th«re  is 
water  enough  running  to  waste  to  insure  pros- 
perity to  both  the  farmer  and  the  miner,  were  it 
thoroughly  utilized  to  that  end,  as  it  is  to  be 
hoped  will  soon  be  the  case.  The  low  stage  of 
water  in  our  rivers,  while  it  is  a  detriment  to 
some  interests,  proves  beneficial  to  others. 
Good  crops  will  this  year  be -raised  on  the  re- 
claimed tule  land,  where  all  was  lost  through 
the  breaking  of  the  levees  and  their  overflow 
last  year.  And  so,  while  the  hydraulic  miners 
may  suffer  from  an  inadequate  supply  of  water, 
the  low  condition  of  the  rivers  will  favor  those 
who  by  wing-damming  or  otherwise,  carry  on 
operations  in  their  beds.  It  is,  nevertheless, 
the  case  that  an  excessively  dry  season  is  preju- 
dicial to  most  of  our  leading  industries,  admon- 
ishing us  of  the  importance  of  our  constructing 
ditches  and  reservoirs  for  economizing  our  sur- 
plus water  and  turning  it  to  practical  account. 
The  threatened  drouth  has  already  had  the 
effect  to  arouse  public  attention  to  the  import- 
ance of  this  fact.  Schemes  for  the  construction 
of  irrigating  ditches,  that  had  been  suffered  to 
remain  in  abeyance,  have  lately  been ,  revived, 
•while  many  new  ones  have  been  planned  in  those 
sections  of  the  State  where  their  aid  is  most 
needed. 

Mb.  A.  C.  Knox,  our  traveling  agent,  has 
started  out  on  a  trip  through  Solano,  Yolo  and 
Colusa  counties.  We  hope  all  our  friends  will 
give  him  what  information  he  desires,  and  also 
assist  him  in  increasing  our  subscription  lists. 


Openings    and    Opportunities    for    Un- 
employed Labor. 

With  the  late  rains  the  prospects  for  a  good 
business  year  in  California  have  been  measur- 
ably improved.  Although  we  have  not  yet 
received  sufficient  rain  to  insure  for  our  farm- 
ing and  mining  interests  the  fullest  possible 
prosperity,  we  have  still  h4d  enough  to  make 
certain  for  these  all- sustaining  industries  a 
tolerable  success.  This  is  matter  for  congratula- 
tion ;  the  more  especially,  as  our  domestic  labor 
market  is  just  now  greatly  over-stocked,  with 
the  likelihood  of  early  receiving  fresh  and  per- 
haps large  accessions  from  the  Eastern  States 
and  Europe.  Our  army  of  unemployed  toilers 
is  already  large,  and  when  augmented  by  this 
threatened  increase  from  abroad,  will  be  swollen 
into  unwieldly  and  may  be  troublesome  propor- 
tions. With  the  prospect  of  so  much  surplus 
labor  accumulating  on  our  hands,  it  becomes 
the  duty  of  the  press  to  point  out,  as  far  as  may 
be,  the  best  fields  that  seem  to  present  them- 
selves for  its  ready  and  profitable  absorption. 
It  is  said  that  Horace  Greeley  when  applied  to 
for  advice,  as  to  the  best  place  for  making 
homes,  or  finding  work,  always  counseled  the 
applicant  to  go  West.  This  was  no  doubt  good 
advice  to  give  in  New  York,  but  would  not  do 
for  San  Francisco,  since,  if  followed,  it  would 
carry  the  emigrant  to  the  Sandwich  Islands, 
and,  if  he  kept  on,  to  the  empire  of  China,  both 
poor  places  for  a  white  man  to  go  to.  The  Cali- 
fornian  in  search  of  work  or  a  place  to  settle, 
may  go  towards  any  other  point  of  the  compass 
than  this,  with  a  fair  chance  of  finding  such 
offer,  opening  or  opportunity  a*  he  is  looking 
for,  or,  as  will  do  to  accept. 

Let  it  be  premised,  however,  at  the  outset, 
that  the  era  of  big  wages,  rich  strikes,  and  sud- 
denly acquired  fortunes  is  over  in  California. 
The  "flush  times"  have  vanished  with  the 
pioneer  days,  and  can  come  no  more.  They 
must  not  be  expected.  We  have  reached  a  stage 
in  our  industrial  progress,  that  necessitates  the 
great  mass  of  laborers  to  accept  a  low  wage,  and 
compels  capitalists  to  be  content  with  moderate 
returns.  It  will  not  do  as  aforetime  to  stand 
out  for  high  prices,  nor  to  depend  for  success 
on  mere  streaks  of  good  luck.  As  a  general  rule 
fortunes,  or  even  a  competence,  is  not  now  to 
be  secured,  except  through  the  instrumentality 
of  hard  work,  while  saving  has  come  in  as  a  new 
and  necessary  factor  of  accumulation.  Let  all 
who  are  in  want  of  work  and  desirous  of  getting 
ahead,  bear  this  in  mind,  and  manfully  face  the 
inevitable.  We  will  not  here  read  this  class  a 
homily  on  the  necessity  of  their  otherwise 
moderating  previously  formed  expectations,  the 
importance  of  their  practicing  sobriety,  economy, 
industry,  etc. 

It  is,  of  course,  generally  understood  that  for 
the  services  of  artisans,  and  most  kinds  of  me- 
chanics, craftsmen  and  others  engaged  in  special 
callings,  there  is  on  this  coast  no  great  demand. 
The  class  of  laborers  most  required  are  farmers, 
miners,  teamsters,  carpenters,  blacksmiths,  etc. 
In  certain  localities  lumbermen,  woodchoppers 
and  charcoal  burners  are  wanted;  the  first 
named  bein^  needed  in  the  great  redwood 
forests  along  the  northern  coast  of  California, 
iu  the  lumber  districts  about  Puget  sound, 
along  the  Columbia,  and  in  the  pineries  of 
Truckae,  Washoe,  Alpine  and  elsewhere  along 
the  Sierra  Nevada.  As  loggers,  Maine  men  are 
preferred  at  these  places,  Canadians  being 
mostly  employed  as  woodchoppers.  These  men 
are  all  paid  pretty  good  wages  for  the  time  they 
are  engaged,  which,  in  the  Sierra  Nevada 
forests,  extend  from  June  to  December,  work 
being  also  somewhat  interrupted  during  the 
winter  elsewhere.  The  charcoal  burners  find 
employment  chiefly  in  the  base  metal  districts, 
such  as  Eureka  and  Tybo,  in  the  State  of 
Nevada,  also  in  Inyo  county,  California,  and  in 
many  parts  of  Utah  and  Colorado,  where  they 
prepare  this  fuel  for  the  base  ore  smelting 
works.  The  business  is  largely  in  the  hands  of 
Italians  and  other  foreigners,  as  they  under- 
stand it  well,  and  manage  to  make  it  remune- 
rative. 

Farm  hands,  teamsters,  carpenters,  black- 
smiths, etc.,  find,  as  a  matter  of  course,  more 
or  less  employment  everywhere.  With  the 
California  farmer  there  occur  two  busy  seasons 
during  the  year;  seed  time,  extending  from 
November  to  March,  and  harvest,  extending 
from  May  to  August.  During  the  intervals  be- 
tween these  periods  he  is  apt  to  dismiss  most  of 
his  help,  who  loose  this  time,  being  unable  to 
get  work  elsewhere.  Most  teamsters  own  their 
animals  and  are  self-employers,  those  on  hire 
receiving  generally  good  wages.  To  those  who 
wish  to  engage  in  farming  on  their  own  account, 
nearly  all  parts  of  the  country  present  fair 
openings,  provided  they  have  some  means  to 
begin  with;  and  if  they  have  not,  it  is  as  easy 
to  start  here  under  such  conditions  as  in  any 
other  part  of  the.  world.  Oregon,  considering 
the  cheapness  of  land  and  the  certainty  of  the 
crops,  presents  as  favorable  chances  for  grain- 
raising  as  any  other  part  of  the  coast.  For 
fruit  culture,  the  foothills  of  California  are  not 
excelled,  this  being  a  pursuit  that  should  prove 
inviting  to  many.  Dairying  is  a  profitable  busi- 
ness where  there  exist  even  tolerable  facilities 
for    carrying  it  on.     In  the  vicinity    of    large 


towns  or  prosperous  mining  camps,  an  acre  or 
two  of  ground  devoted  to  the  cultivation  of 
choice  grapes  and  fruits  has  frequently  been 
made  to  yield  a  good  income.  So,  too,  a  small 
hog,  milk  or  chicken  ranch  has,  in  like  manner, 
often  proved  a  source  of  wealth  to  the  owner. 
To  a  patient  sort  of  man,  who  will  attend  care- 
fully to  his  sheep,  there  is  amongst  us  hardly  a 
better  business  than  wool-growing.  Stock- 
raising  is  also  a  very  Bure,  and  in  the  end, 
profitable  pursuit,  Nevada,  Arizona,  and,  in 
fact,  nearly  all  the  outside  States  and  Terri- 
tories abounding  with  fine  sheep  and  cattle 
ranges,  either  wholly  vacant  or  but  little  occu- 
pied. 

Then  the  mines  are  far  from  being  depleted. 
Indeed,  there  is  here  room  for  all.  It  is,  to  be 
sure,  a  rough  and  laborious  life,  but  there  is  jet 
much  about  mining  that  ought  to  draw  an  am- 
bitious, self-reliant  man  strongly  towards  it. 
To  those  who  wish  to  engage  in  this  vocation, 
one  section  of  country  presents  few  advantages 
over  another.  Arizona  appears  to  have  the  caU 
just  now,  and  to  the  adventurous  and  strong, 
able  and  willing  to  endure  privations  and  hard- 
ships, it  offers,  no  doubt,  a  very  attractive 
field,  its  great  mineral  wealth  being  pretty  well 
established.  But,  for  that  matter,  there  would 
seem  to  be  mineral  enough  almost  everywhere. 
Glowing  accounts  come  to  hand  of  rich  ore 
finds  in  Nevada,  Utah  and  Colorado,  and,  in 
short,  from  one  end  of  the  coast  to  the  other. 
An  extent  of  placers  is  said  to  exist  along 
Snake  river  and  its  tributaries  sufficient  to  give 
profitable  employment  to  a  large  number  of 
men.  Northern  California  and  southern  and 
eastern  Oregon  also  afford  good  opportunities 
for  engaging  in  placer  mining.  Some  diggings 
of  this  kind  have  lately  been  found  in  San  Luis 
Obispo,  which,  according  to  the  local  press, 
promise  to  yield  wages  to  several  hundred  men, 
and  perhaps  more.  There  are,  all  along  the 
gold  belt  of  California,  places  that  could  be 
made  to  pay  fairly  through  the  aid  of  a  little 
money  and  the  application  of  some  hard  labor. 
To  such  as  are  willing  to  work  and  to  wait,  the 
chances  of  achieving  a  final  success  at  gold  or 
silver  mining  are  about  as  good  now  as  they 
ever  were.  Industry,  energy  and  perseverance 
seldom  fail  to  bring  the  miner  out  all  right  in 
the  end. 


Bullion  Product  of  the  Principal   Mines 
in  1878. 

The  following  figures,  obtained  from  the  vari- 
ous mining  companies  having  offices  in  this  city, 
or  derived  from  other  reliable  sources,  show  the 
amount  of  bullion  turned  out  by  most  of  the 
prominent  companies  during  the  year  1878,  the 
yield  of  the  hydraulic,  drift,  and  quartz  or  vein 
mines  being  wo  segregated  as  to  denote  the 
yearly  product  of  each.  Occasionally  the 
officers  of  these  mining  companies  have  de- 
clined to  give  the  product  of  their  respective 
properties;  sometimes  because  the  amount  was 
too  small  to  make  a  respectable  showing — 
oftener,  however,  for  the  opposite  reason,  these 
parties  being  not  over-desirous  of  inviting  offi- 
cial attention  to  their  large  revenues.  These 
tables  do  not  by  any  means  contain  the  names 
of  all  the  companies  that  make  a  very  consider- 
able bullion  production,  to  say  nothing  of  the 
many  small  ones  that  turn  out  a  large  quantity 
in  the  aggregate,  but  are  too  numerous  to  be 
individually  mentioned. 

Hydraulic  and  drift  mining  are  not  prosecuted 
on  any  very  large  scale  outside  of  Califonnia. 
In  Oregon,  Idaho,  Montana,  Colorado  and 
Dakota  some  hydraulic  operations  are  carried 
on,  but  the  auriferous  deposits  there  are  not  so 
extensive  nor  generally  so  rich  as  in  California. 
The  net  profits  realized  from  this  branch  of 
mining  are  apt  to  be  larger  where  the  conditions 
are  favorable  than  from  any  other  class  what- 
ever, their  average  amounting  to  about  75%  of 
the  gross  production  made.  In  some  cases  drift 
operations  have  also  proved  very  remunerative, 
though  these  are  more  precarious  and  as  a 
whole  much  less  extensive. 

California  Hydraulic  Mines. 

Milton  Co §  540,000 

Eureka,  Lake  and  Yuba  Co 300,000 

North  Bloomfield 320,000 

Blue  Banks 120,000 

Other  mines  on  the  San  Juan  channel 475,000 

Blue  Tent 100,000 

Mines    on    the    Washington    ridge     (including 

Quaker  Hill,  Hunt's  Hill,  You  Bet,    Little 

York,  etc.) 700,000 

Placer  Co.  mines  (including  Dutch   Flat,   Gold 

Run  and  Forest  Hill  Divide 1,000.000 

Sierra  Co.  a  total  of 1 600.00J 

Excelsior  \V.  &  G.  M.  Co.  (Yuba  Co.) 302,000 

Other  mines  of  Yuba  Co 300,000 

Spring  Valley  Co.  (Butte  Co.) 275,000 

Other  mines  of  Butte  Co 180,000 

Plumas  Co.  a  total  of 180,000 

Shasta  Co 100,000 

Trinity  Co 1,250,000 

Siskiyou  Co 750,000 

El  Dorado,  Amador,  and  other  counties  further 

south,  a  total  of 1,000,000 

Total .' §8,492,000 

The  yearly  product  of  the 

Drift  Mines  of  California 
May  be  set  down  at  about  $1,000,000,  of  which 
the  Bald  mountain  claim  at  Forest  City  takes 
out  annually  about  $400,000;  various  other 
mines  of  the  larger  companies  making  yearly 
clean-ups   varying   from   §50,000  to  §175,000; 


there  being  also  a  multitude  of  smaller  parties 
who  earn  fair  wages  at  this  kind  of  mining. 
Last  year's  product  of  the  leading 

Quartz  Mines  of  California. 

Bechtel §      40,000 

Black  Bear 155,000 

Bodie 1,150,000 

Comanche 170,000 

Con.  Amador 90,000 

Empire 104,600 

Hite 240,000 

Idado 609,400 

Klamath , 60,000 

Lincoln 90,000 

Modock 300,000 

Murchie 10,600 

NewCoao 75,000 

New  York  Hill 43,000 

Original  Amador 73,600 

Oriental  Con 26,300 

Plumas  Eureka 451,000 

Pittsburg 7,400 

Standard 1,014,000 

Sierra  Buttes 312,300 

Total §5,028,200 

Nevada. 

Alps ! $  51.700 

Alexander 112,700 

Belmont 37,000 

Con.  Virginia 7,995,800 

Chollar 48,800 

Crown  Point : 32,600 

Day 65,900 

Endowment 60,000 

Eureka  Con 5,491,900 

Grand  Prize..... 641,100 

Gila ■ 33,900 

Hussey  Con 88,000 

Hillside 131,130 

Hamburg 65,000 

Independence 346,800 

Justice 253,800 

K  K  Con 227,500 

Leopard 354,100 

Manhattan 1,221,200 

Martin  White 254,400 

Northern  Belle 614,400 

Navajo 77,200 

Ophir 91,400 

Raymond  &  Ely 259,700 

Rye  Patch 78,900 

Star 602,600 

Silver  Prize 7,600 

Tybo  Con 779,400 

Trojan 78,700 

Total -. $19,892,230 

Arizona. 

Yavapai  Co §1,500,000 

Pinal  Co 1,100,000 

Mohave  Co 1,000,000 

Maricopa  Co 500,000 

Yuma  Co 250,000 

Total §4,350,000 

Utah. 

Ontario §1,455,000 

Christy \  302,600 

Total §1,767,500 

Dakota. 

Homestake .§267,000 

Deadwood 117,500 

Father  do  Smet 92,000 

Total ! §476,500 


Rapid  Transit. 

Another  and  a  quicker  method  of  traveling 
than  that  which  we  now  possess  is  one  of  the 
great  desiderata  of  the  times  for  cities  and  their 
suburban  surroundings.  It  is  a  universal  ne- 
cessity, and  there  is  money  in  it.  And  practical 
devices,  employing  inventions  in  some  instances 
patentable  lor  the  protection  of  the  originators 
are  wanted,  and  doubtful  problems  are  awaiting 
solution.  Civil  engineers  out  of  employment 
cannot  do  better  than  to  go  to  work  on  their 
own  aceount  canvassing  the  local  want,  and 
pointing  out  the  way  to  make.it  profitable  to 
somebody.  A  case  of  this  sort  in  hand  at  the 
present  time  is  the  Presidio  cable  road,  directed 
by  Mr.  Hallidie.  What  is  neecfed  most,  how- 
ever, is  rapid  transit  along  the  crowded  thor- 
oughfares. The  horse  cars  are  lamentably  in- 
ferior. "With  cheaper  fares  and  more  rapid 
transit,  everybody  would  ride  to  gain  time,  even 
for  short  distances.  The  suburbs  are  still  prac- 
tically beyond  the  reach  of  the  busy  citizen.  It 
is  safe  to  prophesy  that  it  will  not  be  many 
years  before  we  shall  have  city  transit  in  all  of 
the  large  cities  at  the  rate  of  6  to  12  miles  an 
hour,  stopping  only  at  suitable  stations;  and 
suburban  transit  at  the  rate  of  60  miles  an  hour. 
Property  is  interested  in  this  to  the  extent  of 
hundreds  of  millions  of  dollars;  while  the  whole 
population  of  the  city  is  ready  to  make  whole- 
sale contributions  to  the  practical  engineer  who 
solves  the  problem  of  rapid  transit  locally  with- 
out damage  to  the  city  property  holder.  It  in- 
volves, not  merely  mechanical  ingenuity,  but  a 
local  canvassing  of  the  routes,  and  adaptations 
to  the  wants  of  the  city. 

Another  and  an  equally  practical  field  for 
ingenuity  and  enterprise,  is  the  improvement  of 
elevators,  by  the  perfection  of  systems,  for 
business  blocks.  This  is  something  that  must 
certainly  come  in  vogue.  And  the  increased 
value  of  the  upper  story  offices  in  the  heart  of 
the  city,  offers  sufficient  inducement  to  the 
engineer  as  well  as  to  the  capitalist. 

Aerial  Telegraphy. — Among  the  new  scien- 
tific wonders  is  "Loomis'  Aerial  Telegraphy" — 
talking  with  a  telephone  along  any  air  level 
without  the  use  of  wires,  to  a  distance  of  10  or 
12  miles.  We  will  await  Prof.  Loomis'  own  re- 
port on  the  subject. 

On  File. — "About  Patents,"  by  G.  H.    K.; 
'Siskiyou  Matters,"  by  J.  S.    B.;  "Amalgama- 
tion Processes,"  by  A.   B.  P.;  "Tanning,"   by 
T. ;  and  letter  with   specimens  of  ores,  from  H, 
H.,  from  Corrine. 


February  8,  1879.J 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


89 


Hydraulic  Mining  Engineering. 

Taking  a  look  back  over  the  long,  gradual 
growth  of  hydraulic  mining  engineering  with 
its  wrought-iron  piping  under  pressure,  its  im- 
proved nozzles,  its  blocks,  rittles,  griuleys  &nd 
undercurrents,  which  arc  bringing  in  an  income 
for  "Uncle  Sam"  of  about  $30,000,000  annually 
— the  records  of  the  old  Hock  Creek  water  com- 
pany of  Nevada  City,  which  afterwards  assumed 
the  name  of  the  South  Yuba  canal  company, 
have 

Beyond  a  Doubt, 
On  the  authority  of  the  TrnnH<-ri}>t,  which  has 
recently  investigated  them  in  company  with 
Mr.  James  Whartenby,  water  agentof  the  com- 
pany at  the  time,  that  mi  the  7th  day  of  March, 
1853,  Matteson  &  Brown  were  engaged  in  min- 
ing on  American  hill,  near  Wet  hill,  a  short 
distance  west  by  north  of  town,  and  that  they 
were  the  pioneers  of  hydraulic  mining. 

Matteson,  it  seems,  was  an  inventive  genius 
of  much  ability,  and  after  giving  considerable 
thought  to  the  subject  as  to  how  the  removing 
of  gravel  banks  might  be  facilitated,  he  hit 
upou  the  following  plan:     He 

Placed  a  Barrel 
On  top  of  the  bank  to  regulate  the  head  of 
water  that  was  conducted  to  it  by  wooden 
boxes.  Leading  from  this  iuto  the  claim  was  a 
small  canvas  hose  at  the  lower  end  of  which 
was  attached  a  tin  branch  pipe  shaped  like  a 
trumpet  and  two  feet  in  length.  On  the  day 
mentioned  (March  7th)  Matteson  and  his  part- 
ner, who  had  been  using  but  eight  inches  of 
water  previously,  increased  their  order  to 
double  that  amount. 

Mr.  Whartenby  and  D.  A.  Rich,  both  of 
whom  were  among]  the  very  first  settlers  at 
Nevada  City,  give  Mr.  Matteson  the  entire 
credit.  They  say  that  Chabet  used  a  hose 
merely  for  the  purpose  of  washing  off  dirt  from 
the  bedrock  of  his  claim  at  Buckeye  hill.  For 
several  mouths  before 

Matteaon  Came  to  the  Front, 
The  question  of  introducing  some  plan  for  wash- 
ing away  the  banks  was  vigorously  discussed  in 
the  camp.  The  idea  was  suggested  to  send  East 
for  a  hand  fire  engine;  but  as  it  would  require 
the  assistance  of  several  men  to  work  it,  and 
wages  were  then  high,  it  was  decided  to  be  im- 
practicable, 

George  Warren,  at  his  claim  on  Selby  hill, 
was  the  first  person  who  used  as  large  a  quan- 
tity of  water  from  the  Rock  Creek  company   as 

Forty  Inches, 
That  was  in  March,  1S53,  and  it  made  him  the 
laughing  stock  of  all  the  section. 

Passing  over  the  history  of  our  acquaintance- 
ship, slight  as  it  is,  with  the  distribution  of  the 
auriferous  gravels  in  our  own  and  in  other  coun- 
tries, we  have  to  call  attention  to  the  fact  that 
improvements  are  still  being  made;  and  that 
there  is  as  much  room  for  improvement  in  min- 
ing methods  with  the  aid  of  hydraulics  as  there 
was  when  Matteson  began.  Our  readers  are 
aware  that  the 

Diamond  Sand 
Of  Cherokee  and  the  fioat  gold  of  every  gravel 
mining  claim  in  the  country,  are  still  evading 
riffles  to  a  large  extent;  and  that  of  the  many 
ingenious  devices  which  have  been  tried  and 
suggested,  some  of  them  possessing  real  merit, 
are  far  from  being  generally  introduced,  or  even 
generally  known.  The  diamond  sand  has  a 
market  value  considerably  greater  than  that  of 
gold,  not  for  ornamental  but  for  industrial  pur- 
poses; and  it  is  a  regular  article  of  trade  which 
the  English  diamond  miners  of  Africa  by  no 
means  despise.  Leaving  the  Snake  river  placer 
miners  to  cope  with  the 

Float  Gold  Problem 
As  they  find  it,  in  the  Columbia  river  basin,  let 
us  examine,  with  "D"  in  the  Mountain  Messsen- 
ger  of  January  11th,  a  button  retorted  from 
amalgam  obtained  not  from  quicksilver  placed 
in  the  Bluices  but  from  fine  sand  taken  up  from 
the  sluices  and  worked  by  hand.  In  regard  to 
this  sand  we  were  told  by  Mr.  Crane,  of  the 
Golden  Star  drift  mine  at  Alleghany,  Sierra 
county,  that,  in  his  opinion,  well-skilled  miners 
are  constantly  allowing  the  fine  gold  to  escape. 
He  showed  "D"  two  samples  of  sand.  One  was 
of  a  decided  light  gray  color,  and  the  other  a 
pronounced  black.  A  close  examination  of  each 
sample  revealed 

A  Marvelous  Number 
Of  glittering  gold  particles.     The  sand  itself  is 
apparently  a  finely  disintegrated  magnetic  iron 
ore,  and  is  so  heavy  that  it  settles  wherever  the 
fine  gold  will  settle  in  the  sluices. 

"I  have,"  said  Mr.  Crane,  "worked  all  the 
sand  so  obtained  by  the  slow  and  laborious 
process  of  a  common  miners  pan,  a  little  quick- 
silver and  a  grinding  stone.     I  am 

"Now  Erecting 
"At  our  mine,  and  will  have  in  operation  in  a 
few  days,  au  amalgamator  of  peculiar  construc- 
tion— the  joint  invention  of  Mr.  C.  P.  Bowen 
and  myself- — which  I  confidently  expect  will 
work  this  sand  at  the  rate  of  50  tons  a  day,  and 
save  the  very  last  atom  of  gold.  •  If  the  miners 
would  give  their  sluices  close  scrutiny  and  care- 
ful tests,  the  fact  would  be  discovered  that  an 
astonishing  percentage  of  gold  is  lost  in  defec- 
tive sluices  and  through  the  carelessness  of 
those  who  gather  the  harvest  after  aU  the  work 
has  been  done," 


The  Knowles  Tank  Pump. 

The  engraving  on  this  page  represents  a 
7i-inch  Knowlea  patent  tank  Hteam  pump, 
with  feed  pump  attached  and  boiler  ready  for 
work.  This  machine  is  used  for  forcing  water 
from  springs  or  rivers  to  hotels,  public  or  private 
institutions,  residences,  railway  stations,  brick- 
yards, breweries,  etc.  In  this  form  it  is  port- 
able and  complete,  and  can  be  placed  at  the 
point  from  which  water  is  to  be  taken,  and  the 
water  forced  by  it  to  the  distance  and  hight  re- 
quired. 

It  does  not  require  the  attention  of  a  skilled 
mechanic  to  operate  it,  as  it  is  furnished  with 
all  appliances  the  most  complete,  including 
steam  and  water  gauges,  gauge  cocks,  safety- 
valve,  etc,  Its  entire  management  can  be 
learned  in  a  few  hours. 

The  boiler  is  fed  directly  from  the  main  pump, 
or  a  small  plunger  pump  ia  attached  to  the  pis- 
ton-rod of  the  main  pump  for  that  purpose. 
The  boiler  and  attachments  are  of  the  beat 
manufacture.  The  regular  (numbered)  sized 
pumps  in  the  price  list  of  the  agents,  are  calcu- 
lated  for  feeding    steam    boilers    and    forcing 


Big  Strike  and  Early  Legends. 

The  Tuolumne  In<t>'jw{>-itt  gives  the  following 
account  of  a  recent  gold  find,  with  which  are 
oonpled  some  remiuutencea  "of  early  days  in 
that  county:  Thomas  Adams,  who  before  for  a 
long  time  hail  been  in  poor  luck,  struck  a 
pocket  the  other  day  at  Union  hill  from  which 
he  took  $'J"i4  in  two  pans  of  decomposed  quart/, 
with  a  good  prospect  for  finding  more.  He  had 
been  running  a  tunnel  into  his  claim,  but  not 
finding  anything,  he  went  on  the  surface  and 
began  diggiug  again  in  a  shallow  hole,  made 
there  a  year  since.  At  almost  the  first  lick 
with  his  pick  he  struck  into  this  rich  deposit, 
which  was  scarcely  six  inches  from  the  point 
where  he  knocked  off  last  year.  This  quartz 
vein  is  supposed  to  be  a  feeder  of  the  Peck 
placer  claim,  one  of  the  richest  ever  struck  in 
the  county.  Capt.  Peek,  after  whom  it  was 
named,  came  here  in  1851,  and  for  awhile  found 
it  difficult  to  make  enough  to  keep  him  from 
starviu^'.  At  this  time  Joaquin,  the  brigand, 
had  just  opened  this  claim,  which  was  paying 
him  largely.     Taking  pity  on   Peck   because   of 


KNOWLES'    TANK    PUMP,    WITH  FEEDER    AND    BOILER. 


water  under  pressure  or  to  a  high  elevation. 

The  tank  pumps  are  made  especially  for  rais- 
ing water  or  other  liquids  into  tanks  or  reser- 
voirs for  railroad  Btations,  tanneries,  oil  woiks, 
mine  works,  etc.  Where  a  great  hight  is  not 
required,  the  tank  pumps  should  be  used,  as 
giving  a  larger  quantity  of  liquid  with  a  lighter 
and  less  costly  machine.  The  tank  pumps  have 
a  plunger  pump  attached,  for  feeding  the  boiler. 
These  can  be  attached  to  regular  sizes,  making 
a  separate  feed  if  desired.  This  is  a  compact, 
effective,  durable,  and  at  the  same  time,  simple 
machine;  and  forms  one  of  the  most  complete 
arrangements  of  the  kind  offered  to  the  public. 
The  sole  agents  for  this  coast  are  A.  L.  Fish  & 
Co.,  Nos.  9  and  11  First  street,  near  Market, 
San  Francisco,  who  are  also  dealers  in  all  kinds 
of  new  and  second  hand  machinery. 


The  Kendall  One  Stamp. — One  of  the  Ken- 
dall one  stamp  mills,  which  we  recently  illus- 
trated in  the  Press,  is  running  at  Rough  and 
Ready,  near  Grass  Valley,  and  is  said  to  be 
crushing  six  tons  per  day,  giving  excellent  satis- 
faction. Another  is  runningat  Sonora,  Tuolumne 
county,  and  there  are  three  in  Amador  county. 
One  has  also  gone  to  Caribou.  When  this  item 
appeared  last  week,  a  typographical  error  made 
us  say  the  mill  was  crushing  one  ton,  when  it 
should  have  been  six  tons  per  day. 


his  poverty  he  gave  him  a  pan  of  dirt,  which, 
on  being  washed  out,  yielded  $25.  The  ingrate, 
knowing  that  a  Mexican  was  not  allowed  under 
the  local  laws  to  hold  any  mining  ground,  asso- 
ciated himself  with  two  other  equally  detest- 
able characters  and  proceeded  to  drive  his  bene- 
factor from  his  claim,  which,  after  they  had 
taken  possession  of  it,  yielded  them  many 
thousand  dollars.  After  these  three  men  had 
abandoned  the  ground,  supposing  it  to  be 
worked  out,  others  came  in,  and  opening  it  up 
further,  also  took  from  it  a  good  deal  of  money. 
It  is  said  that  Joaquin  was  in  like  manner 
driven  from  other  claims,  which,  with  an  out- 
rage committed  on  his  wife,  so  imbittered  him 
against  the  whites  that  he  became  their  lasting 
and  deadly  enemy.  This  man  Peck  after- 
wards located  and  worked  another  rich  claim 
under  Table  mountain,  and  which,  when  nearly 
exhausted,  he  managed,  through  false  represen- 
tations, to  sell  for  a  pretty  good  sum.  When 
some  years  later  he  was  killed  in  the  lower 
country  by  a  runaway  horse,  his  death  excited 
little  commiseration  in  the  community  where 
he  had  resided  and  where  his  sharp  practices 
were  so  well  known. 


Sutro   and  the   Comstockers   have   come  to 
terms. 

Lead  is  again  in  active  demand  in  New,  York, 


Notices  of  Recent  Patents. 

Among  the  patents  recently  obtained  through 
Dewey  &  Co. 'a  Scientific  Press  American  and 
Foreign  Patent  Agency,  the  following  are  worthy 
of  apecial  mention: 

Rotary  Vacoou  Engine.— Dr.  L.  B.  Law- 
rence, Monticello,  Yolo  Co.  Datod  January 
28th.  This  is  a  novel  apparatus,  which  the 
inventor  calls  a  rotary  vacuum  engine,  and  it 
consists  of  a  circular  arrangement  of  open  tubes 
which  are  provided  with  valves  at  one  end. 
These  tubes  are  so  constructed  as  to  become 
charged  with  hot  air  or  vapor  during  the  revolu- 
tion of  the  apparatus,  which  is  mounted  on  a 
horizontal  shaft.  The  lower  end  of  the  rim 
formed  of  these  tubes,  dips  into  a  tank  of  mer- 
cury, water  or  any  suitable  liquid,  and  the  con- 
tinuous revolution  of  this  rim  brings  the  section 
ol  the  tubular  circumference  successively  below 
the  liquid.  The  valves  at  the  opposite  ends  of 
the  section  will  be  automatically  closed,  and  the 
atmospheric  pressure  upon  the  closed  ends  of 
the  tubes  will  force  them  continuously  beneath 
the  surface  of  the  liquid.  The  heated  air  may 
be  supplied  from  a  suitable  heater,  so  arranged 
to  fill  each  section  of  the  tube  successively  just 
previous  to  its  immersion  in  the  liquid,  or  it 
may  be  provided  by  a  gas  jet,  which  is  alter- 
nately ignited  and  shut  off;  or,  if  desired,  the 
tubes  may  be  filled  with  steam  or  other  vapor 
to  be  condensed.  Suitable  mechanism  is  con- 
nected with  the  axle,  by  which  the  various 
valves  are  opened  or  closed,  or  the  tubes  sup- 
plied with  heated  air  or  vapor. 

Combined  Sulky  and  Walking  Rake. — A. 
Abbey  and  Gr.  Brammar,  Livermore,  Alameda 
county.  Dated,  January  28th,  1S79 — This  in- 
vention relates  to  an  improved  wooden  tooth 
combined  sulky  and  single  walking  revolving 
rake;  and  the  improvements  consist  in  so  at- 
taching an  ordinary  single  walking  revolving 
rake  to  a  sulky  that  its  operation  may  be  con- 
trolled by  the  driver  from  his  seat  without  any 
one  being  compelled  to  walk  behind  to  attend 
the  handles  regulating  the  detaining  block 
which  controls  the  teeth  of  the  rake.  It  also 
consists  in  forming  the  connections  between  the 
sulky  and  walking  rake  so  that  they  may  be 
separated,  and  the  walking  rake  used  in  the  or- 
dinary manner  for  rough  and  hilly  land.  The 
connections  are  simple  in  construction  and  oper- 
ation and  the  whole  device  strong  and  practical. 
It  admits  of  the  use  of  wooden  revolving  teeth, 
while  at  the  same  time  a  sulky  can  be  used  and 
the  driver  may  ride.  The  usual  form  of  teeth 
in  use  for  sulky  rakes  are  curved  metallic  ones, 
which  collect  considerable  dirt  in  the  grain  or 
hay.  The  revolving  hand  rakes  with  wooden 
teeth  are  usually  preferred,  but  with  their  use 
the  driver  has  to  walk.  In  this  device  the  use- 
ful features  of  both  rakes  are  combined,  while 
the  combination  may  be  broken  if  desired,  and 
the  walking  rake  used  as  such  on  hilly  or  rough 
land. 

Diaphragms  for  Furnaces. — M.  D.  Has- 
kins,  Guerneville,  Sonoma  county.  Dated, 
January  28th.  This  invention  relates  to  an  im- 
provement in  that  class  of  furnaces  in  which 
ore  is  roasted  by  dropping  in  from  one  to  an- 
other of  a  series  of  diphragms  which  are  placed 
horizontally  in  a  vertical  furnace,  and  the  im- 
provement consists  more  especially  in  a  novel 
method  of  constructing  these  diaphragms  so 
that  they  will  resist  the  effects  of  the  heat,  and 
not  give  way  under  the  load.  When  the  dia- 
phragms are  made  of  tile  or  other  plates  as  is 
usual  in  this  class  of  furnaces,  they  will  not 
stand  the  combined  effects  of  the  heat  and  the 
weight  of  the  ore,  and  they  soon  sink  in  the  cen- 
ter, and  eventually  fall  through,  and  render 
the  furnaces  useless.  In  order  to  remedy  this, 
and  produce  diaphragms  which  will  stand  the 
pressure,  the  inventor  forms  them  of  cast  iron 
in  sections  so  as  to  be  readily  introduced  or  re- 
moved, and  these  sections  are  united  and  pro- 
vided with  a  system  of  radiating  ribs  projecting 
below  the  diaphragms  and  sustaining  its  center 
so  that  when  heated  they  will  resist  the  ten- 
dency to  sink  and  bend  under  the  load. 

Machine  for  Cleaning  Fiber. — Thos.  Mc- 
Auley,  S.  F.  Dated  January  28th,  1879.  This 
is  a  machine  which  is  intended  to  dry  and 
cleanse,  or,  in  some  cases,  to  cleanse  alone,  all 
sorts  of  vegetable  fiber,  hair,  and  similar  sub- 
stances. It  is  more  especially  intended  for 
cleaning  the  fiber  of  the  cocoanut  bark,  and 
consists  of  a  revolving  drum,  the  outside  of 
which  is  composed  of  Blats  slightly  separated 
from  each  other,  so  that  dust  may  fall  out.  A 
number  of  blocks  are  placed  within  the  drum 
with  the  fiber,  and  through  the  center  a  hot 
drum  may  pass  for  the  purpose  of  drying  the 
material  when  necessary. 

Transmitting  Power. — Wm.  Meyers,  Oak- 
land. Dated  January  28th,  1879.  This  inven- 
tion relates  to  an  improved  machine  for  trans- 
mitting power,  and  the  improvements  consist 
in  the  combination  with  a  driving  water_  wheel, 
crank,  or  pulley  and  its  shaft,  of  certain  com- 
bination of  mechanism,  whereby  the  inventor  is 
enabled  to  transmit  the  power  either  increased 
or  diminished  from  that  of  the  source,  and  to 
distribute  it,  so  that  it  may  be  easily  employed 
at  four  or  more  different  points  at  once,  or  it 
may  all  be  concentrated  if  desired. 


90 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS 


[February  8,  1879. 


DEWEY   &   CO. 
American  &  Foreign  Patent  Agents 

OFFICE,  202  SANSOME  St.,  N.E.Cor.  Pine,  S.  F. 

PATENTS  obtained  promptly;  Caveats  filed 
expeditiously;  Patent  Reissues  taken  out 
Assignments  made  and  recorded  in  legal  form; 
Copies  of  Patents  and  Assignments  procured; 
Examinations  of  Patents  made  here  and  at 
Washington;  Examinations  made  of  Assign- 
ments recorded  in  Washington;  Examinations 
ordered  and  reported  by  Telegraph;  Rejected 
cases  taken  up  and  Patents  obtained;  Inter 
ferences  Prosecuted;  Opinions  rendered  re 
garding  the  validity  of  Patents  and  Assign- 
ments; Every  legitimate  branch  of  Patent 
Agency  Business  promptly  and  thoroughly 
conducted. 

Our  intimate  knowledge  of  the  various  inven- 
tions of  this  coast,  and  long  practice  in  patent 
business,  enable  us  to  abundantly  satisfy  our 
patrons;  and  our  success  and  business  are 
constantly  increasing. 

The  shrewdest  and  most  experienced  Inventors 
are  found  among  our  most  steadfast  friends 
and  patrons,  who  fully  appreciate  our  advan- 
tages in  bringing  valuable  inventions  to  the 
notice  of  the  public  through  the  columns  of 
our  widely  circulated,  first-class  journals — 
thereby  facilitating  their  introduction,  sale 
and  popularity. 

Foreign  Patents. 

In  addition  to  American  Patents,  we  secure, 
with  the  assistance  of  co-operative  agents, 
claims  in  all  foreign  countries  which  grant 
Patents,  including  Great  Britain,  France, 
Belgium,  Prussia,  Austria,  Baden,  Peru, 
Russia,  Spain,  British  India,  Saxony,  British 
Columbia,  Canada,  Norway,  Sweden,  Mexico, 
Victoria,  Brazil,  Bavaria,  Holland,  Denmark, 
Italy,  Portugal,  Cuba,  Roman  StateB, 
Wurtemburg,  New  Zealand,  New  South 
Wales,  Queensland,  Tasmania,  Brazil,  New 
Granada,  Chile,  Argentine  Republic,  AND 
EVERY  COUNTRY  IN  THE  WORLD 
where  Patents  are  obtainable. 

No  models  are  required  in  European  countries, 
but  the  drawings  and  specifications  should  be 
prepared  with  thoroughness,  by  able  persons 
who  are  familiar  with  the  requirements  and 
changes  of  foreign  patent  laws — agents  who 
are  reliable  and  permanently  established. 

Our  schedule  price  for  obtaining  foreign  patents, 
in  all  cases,  will  always  be  as  low,  and  in 
some  instances  lower,  than  those  of  any  other 
responsible  agency. 

We  can  and  do  get  foreign  patents  for  inventors 
in  the  Pacific  States  from  two  to  six  months 
(according  to  the  location  of  the  country) 
sooner  than  any  other  agents. 

The  principal  portion  of  the  patent  business  of 
this  coast  has  been  done,  and  is  still  being 
done,  through  our  agency.  We  are  familiar 
with,  and  have  full  records,  of  all  former 
cases,  and  can  more  correctly  judge  of  the 
value  and  patentability  of  inventions  discov- 
ered here  than  any  other  agents. 

Situated  so  remote  from  the  seat  of  government, 
delays  are  even  more  dangerous  to  the  invent- 
ors of  the  Pacific  Coast  than  to  applicants  in 
the  Eastern  States.  Valuable  patents  may  be 
lost  by  extra  time  consumed  in  transmitting 
specifications  from  Eastern  agencies  back  to 
this  coast  for  the  signature  of  the  inventor. 

Confidential. 

We  take  great  pains  to  preserve  secrecy  in 
all  confidential  matters,  and  applicants  for 
patents  can  rest  assured  that  their  communi- 
cations and  business  transactions  will  be  held 
strictly  confidential  by  us.     Circulars  free- 

Home    Counsel. 

Oar  long  experience  in  obtaining  patents  for 
Inventors  on  this  Coast  has  familiarized  us 
with  the  character  of  most  of  the  inventions 
already  patented;  hence  we  are  frequently 
able  to  save  our  patrons  the  cost  of  a  fruitless 
application  by  pointing  to  them  the  same 
thing  already  covered  by  a  patent.  We  are 
always  free  to  advise  applicants  of  any 
knowledge  we  have  of  previous  applicants 
which  will  interfere  with  their  obtaining  a 
patent. 

We  invite  the  acquaintance  of  ail  parties  con- 
nected with  inventions  and  patent  right  busi- 
ness, believing  that  the  mutual  conference  of 
legitimate  business  and  professional  men  is 
mutual  gain.  Parties  in  doubt  in  regard  to 
their  rights  as  assignees  of  patents  or  pur- 
chasers of  patented  articles,  can  often  receive 
advice  of  importance  to  them  from  a  short  call 
at  our  office. 

Remittances  of  money,  made  by  individual  in- 
ventors to  the  Government,  sometimes  mis- 
carry, and  it  has  repeatedly  happened  that 
applicants  have  not  only  lost  their  money,  but 
their  inventions  also,  from  this  cause  and  con- 
sequent delay.  We  hold  ourselves  responsible 
for  all  fees  entrusted  to  our  agency. 

Engravings. 

We  have  superior  artists  in  our  own  office,  and 
all  facilities  for  producing  fine  and  satisfactory 
illustrations  of  inventions  and  machinery,  for 
newspaper,  book,  circular  and  other  printed  il- 
lustrations, and  are  always  ready  to  assist 
patrons  in  bringing  their  valuable  discoveries 
into  practical  and  profitable  use. 

DEWEY    &  CO. 
United  States  and  Foreign  Patent  Agents,  pub- 
lishers  Mining   and  Scientific   Press  and  the 
Pacific  Rural  Press,  202  Sansome  St.,  N  E. 
corner  Pine,    S.  F. 


— — o — - — 

MACHINERY,  BUILDINGS,  PORTRAITS,  LANDSCAPES,   TRADE-MARKS,  LABELS,  SEALS,  MONOGRAMS,  eh 


'rF? 


>#?    »ESfI©£fE)I»    MMm    SS'CEAYID   ±&< 


HE      HIGHEST     STYLE     OF     THE     ART. 


Boswell  Pure  Air  Heater  Company 


OF    CALIFORNIA. 


Eugene  L.  Sullivan,  Pres't.      T.  C.  Winchell,  Vice-Pres't.      S.  R.  Lippincott,  Sec'y 

Authorized  Capital,  $100,000.     Cash  Capital,  paid  up,  $32,000. 

o 

Manufacture  and  have  for  sale  any  size  or  capacity 

Boswell's  Patent  Combined  Cooker,  Heater  and  Drier. 

ALSO,    BOSWELL'S    COMMERCIAL    FRUIT    DRIER. 

ALSO,    BOSWELL'S    VENTILATING    HEATER. 

Office,  606  Montgomery  Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


Patents  for  Mining  and  Farm- 
ing Lands, 

Having  complete  arrangements  with  compe- 
tent and  reliable  parties  in  Washington  City,  by 
which  we  are  able  to  secure  prompt  and 
careful  attention  to  law  business  there,  we  are 
prepared  to  assist  Mill  and  Mine,  Canal  and 
Ditch  owners  in  securing  patents  for  their  lands, 
mines  and  claims,  in  addition  to  our  general  line 
of  patent  business. 

Many  who  are  aequainted  with  the  manner 
in  which  this  business  has  heretofore  been  con- 
ducted, (with  or  without  assistance  by  local 
attorneys),  will  see  at  once  the  great  advantage 
of  patronizing  an  establishment  that  is  thor 
oughly  organized  and  has  its  representatives  in 
"Washington  to  look  after  and  prosecute  their 
applications  before  the  Commissioner  of  the 
General  Land  Office.  The  business  on  this 
Coast  will  be  attended  to  personally  by  a  mem- 
ber of  our  firm,  and  satisfaction  will  be  given  in 
all  respects. 

Correspondence  from  persons  desirous  of 
securing  patents  for  Lands,  Mines,  Mill  Sites, 
Canal  and  Ditch  property,  promptly  attended  to. 
Applicants  for  patents  for  mining  and  farm- 
ing land,  whose  claims  have  been  delayed  for 
any  reason,  will  find  it  to  their-1  advantage  to 
consult  with  us  and  in  case  of  necessity  secure 
the  services  of  our  home  and  Washington  branch 
agency. 

DEWEY  &  CO., 
Solicitors  of  Patents  for  Lands,  Mines  and  In- 
ventions,   Mining    and    Scientific    Press 
Office,  No  202  Sansome  St.,  San  Francisco 


REGISTER     YOUR 

TRADE 


MARKS. 


The  U.  S.  Government  now  offers  greater  protection 
than  formerly  to  manufacturers  under  the  law  of  Trade 
Marks. 

Those  who  manufacture  a  superior  article,  or  put  up 
improved  packages  of  merchandise,  should  protect  them- 
selves from  imitations  by  registering  their  Trade  Marks. 

We  have  .special  facilities  for  securing-  full  rights  by  the 
registration  of  Trade  Marks,  and  our  terms  are  very  reas- 
onable. 

Consultations  free.  Many  dealers  have  missed  fortunes 
from  not  being  fully  informed  and  protecting  themselves 
in  their  rights. 

DEWEY  &  CO.,  Patent  Solicitors, 

'  No.  202  Sansome  Street,  S.  F. 
A.  T.  Dewet.  W.  B.  Eiver.  Geo.  H.  Strong 


T3TT  Y  IE  IR, 

—AND— 

COMMISSIOIUVIEnCHANT. 

The  undersigned,  after  an  experience  of  forty  years  in  the 
Grocery  Busing,  h:\a  opened  an  office  at  No  24  CALIFOR- 
NIA STREET,  corner  Drumm.  for  buying  and  selling  all 
kinds  of  Goods.  Parti es-throughout  the  States  and  Territo- 
ries wishing  an  Agent  in  this  Market  for  the  transaction  of 
their  business,  by  entrusting  the  same  to  me.  |  can  have 
special  rates  made,  with  full  guarantee  of  satisfaction,  or  no 
charge  for  services. 

With  twenty-five  years'  experience  in  this  Market,  I  think 
I  can  suit  one  ami  all,  both  as  a  buyer  and  seller.  All  I  ask 
is  a  trial.  I  will  also  have  a  Ladies'  Department,  under  the 
management  of  a  lady  of  experience  and  taste,  who  will  nil 
all  orders  for  your  wives  and  daughters.  Orders  for  this 
tliis  Department  should  be  endorsed:  "For  Lady  Buyer." 

All  parties  ordering  will  be  required  to  send  funds  with 
order  or  satisfactory  reference.    Respectfully, 

WHEELER   MARTIN, 

24  California  Street,  San  Francisco. 

REFERS    BY    PERMISSION. 

Rountree  &  McClure 40i  Front  Street. 

J.  M.  Pike  &  Co 101  and  103  California  Street. 

Marcus  C.  Hawley  &  Co Corner  Market  and  Beale  Sts. 

Cutting  Packing  Co 17  to  41  Main  Street. 

W.  W.  Montague  &  Co 112  to  120  Battery  Street. 

E.  Martini  Co.  408  Front  Street. 

Wellman,  Peck  &  Co 416  and  418  Front  Street. 

Wheaton  &  Luhrs 219  Front  Street. 

Deming.  Palmer  &  Co ..202  and  204  Davis  Street. 

Armes  &  Dallam 115  and  117  Front  Street. 


WATER  TANKS  of  any  capacity  made  entirely 
by  machinery.  Materials  the  beat  in  use;  construction  not 
excelled.  Pan  Staves,  Tubs  a.ud  Oak  Guides  foi 
mining  purposes  a  specialty. 

"WELLS,    RUSSELL    &    CO., 
Mechanics'   Mills,    Cor.    Mission   and    Fremont  Streets. 


California  Steam  Navigation  Co. 

The  Steamers 

ALICE  GARRATT  and  CITY  OF  STOCKTON 

LEAVE  SAN  FRANCISCO 

DAILY  (Sundays  excepted)  at  5  p.    m.  ,  from  "Washington 

Street  Wharf,  near  foot  of  Market  street. 

LEAVE  STOCKTON 

DAILY    (Sundays    excepted)    at    4     p.    m. 


T.  C.  WALKER, 

President. 


G.  A.  CARLETON, 

Secretary 


feiiMe^  birectory. 


WM,    BARTLINQ.  HENRY   KIMBALL 

BARTLING    &    KIMBALL, 
BOOKBINDERS, 

Paper  Bulers  &  Blank  Book  Manufacturers. 
505  Clay  Street,(southwest  comer  Saneome), 

SAN  FRANCISCO. 


< 


Lewis  Peterson*. 


John  Olsson. 


PETERSON   &.  OLSSON, 

Model  Makers,  and  Manufacturers  of  Em- 
blematic Signs.    Models  for  the  Patent 
Office,  in  "wood  or  Metal,  a  Specialty, 

NO-    328   BUSH   STREET, 

Bet.  Montgomery  and  Kearny,  (up  stairs),  San  Francisco. 
All  kinds  of  tin,  copper  and  brass  work  made  to  order. 


San  Francisco  Cordage  Company. 

Established    1856. 

We  have  just  added  a  large  amount  of  new  machinery  of 
the  latest  and  most  improved  kind,  and  are  again  prepared 
to  fill  orders  for  Rope  of  any  special  lengths  and  sizes.  Con- 
stantly on  hand  a  large  stock  of  Manila  Rope,  all  sizes: 
Tarred  Manila  Rope;  Hay  Rope;  Whale  Line,  etc ,  etc. 
TTJBBS  &  CO., 
•611  and  613  Front  Street,  San  Francisco 


CAUTION 

To  Hydraulic  Miners. 

The  public  generally  and  Hydraulic  Miners  especially 
are  hereby  notified  that  any  parties  making  or  using  the 
contrivance  known  as  the  HOSKIN  DEFLECTOR  will  be 
prosecuted  to  the  full  extent  of  the  law,  said  machine 
having  been  declared  by  the  TJ.  S.  Circuit  Court  an  in- 
fringement upon  my  patent,  the 

Bloomfield  Deflecting  Nozzle. 

The  public  arc  also  cautioned  against  using  the  Hoskin 
Deflector  because  of  its  danger  to  life  and  limb,  this  de- 
vice having'  already  occasioned  several  deaths  and  other 
serious  accidents.  The  BLOOMFIELD  DEFLECTOR  is 
entirely  safe,  its  two  and  a  half  years  use  without  acci- 
dent, as  well  as  its  construction,  proves  it  to  be  a  reliable 
contrivance. 

Any  parties  wishing  to  purchase  the  right  to  use  these 
Deflectors  can  do  so  by  applying  to  the  undersigned, 

HENRY  C.  PERKINS, 

North  Bloomfleld,  Nevada  Co.,  Cal.,  Octo- 
ber 1st,  1878. 


J.  S.  PHILLIPS,  m.  e„ 

Consulting  Engineer  f  Metallurgist, 
Examiner  of  Mines  and  Assayer, 

702    CALIFORNIA    STREET, 
Author  of—  -  —  «--  San  Fiunoibco. 

The  Explorers',  Miners' and  Metallurgists'  Companion, 

673  pages,  S3  Illustrations,  (2d  Edition.)    Price $  10  50 

The  Prospector's  "Wee  Pet"  Assayer,  (Patented) 100  00 

The  Testing  Machine  for  Gold,  Silver,  Lead,  etc 40  00 

The  "Little  Wonder"  Self -calculating  Sample  and 

Button  Weigher,  (Patented) 25  00 

Blow-pi  pi  sts'  Pocket  Laboratory  of  Tools,  Fluxes,  etc.    50  00 

Vest  Pocket  Blowpipe..., 3  00 

CHARGES.— Assaying,  §3;  Testing,  S2permetaL 

Assaying  and  Testing  Taught. 


TRXJIVir*  CHUCK  Hardened  Steel. 
"  Three  Jaws. 
Self- Centering. 
Holds  Securely. 


The  "California  Legal  Record." 

The  ONLY  "WEEKLY  containing  all  the 

decisions  of  the  Supreme  Court 

of  California, 

(The  only  complete  continuation  of  the  S.  F.  Law  Journal. ) 
Published  every  Saturday,  in8vo.  size— like  the  California 
Reports— contains  every  decision  of  the  Supreme  Court, 
as  fast  as  rendered,  with  a  syllabus  and  statement  of  facts, 
and  other  important  legal  matter.  The  volumes  commence 
on  the  first  of  October  and  April  each,  and  have  a  full  index 
for  reference  and  binding. 

REDUCED  PRICE,  only  §5. 50  per  year,  or  S3  per  volume 
of  six  months.  Remit  by  Postal  Order  or  Registered  Letter, 
specifying  what  date  or  number  to  commence.  Back  num- 
bers furnished.    Sample  numbers  sent  free.    Address, 

F.  A.  SCOFIELD&CO.,  Publishers  and  Prop's, 
No,  603  Washington  street.  San  Francisco.  Cal. 


iVBTESIA3ST 


Mineral  Frospscting  and  Quarrying  Tools. 

Highest  Award  nt  Centennial  Exhibition.  The  best  and  most 
practie.il  well-boring  Machinery  in  the  world.  Quick-sand,  boulders 
and  rock  easily  handled.    Address 

California  Artesian  Well  &  Mining  Co. 

202  Sansome  Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal: 
E,  P.  HILL,  Manager.  J.  \V.  R.  HILL,  Engineer. 

Dealers  in  Well- Augers,  Mock- Drills,  Wind- 
Mills,  Pumps  and  Hydra  idle  Machinery,  and 
Contractors  for  Artesian  {Flowing)  Wells  of 
any  depth  to  300O  feet, 

(Machines  and  Wells  can  be  seen  In  operation.) 

&S-AGENTS  WAJfTJED.~m 


For  drills  i&under,$1.50 
For  drills  J  &  under,  2.25 

By  Mail,  postage,  4  &  8  ots. 

Accurate,  Durable,"  "Well  made  and  equal  to  the  best  Chucks  in  use, 
I     TKUMF  BROS..  Mfrs.,  Wilmington*  Del.,  TJ.  S.  A, 


Pocket  Map  of  California  and  Nevada. 

Compiled  from  the  latest  authentic  sources,  by  Chas. 
Drayton  Gibbs,  C.  E.  This  map  comprises  information  - 
obtained  from  the  U.  S.  Coast  and  Land,  Whitney's  State 
Geological,  and  Railroad  Surveys;  and  from  the  results  of 
explorations  made  by  R.  S.  Williamson,  U.  S.  A.,  Henry 
Degroot,  C.  D.  Gibbs  and  others.  The  scale  is  18  miles  to 
1  inch.  It  gives  the  Judicial  and  TJ.  S.  Land  Districts. 
It  distinguishes  the  Townships  and  their  subdivisions;  the 
County  Seats;  The  Military  Posts;  the  Railroads  built  and 
proposed,  and  the  limits  of  some  of  them;  the  occurrence 
of  gold,  silver,  copper,  quicksilver,  tin,  coal  and  oil.  It 
has  a  section  showing  the  bights  of  the  principal  moun- 
tains The  boundaries  are  clear  and  unmistakable,  and 
the\print  good.  1878.  Sold  by  DEWEY  &  CO.  Price, 
postpaid,  82;  to  subscribers  of  this  journal,  until  further 
notice,  §1. 


February  8,  1879.J 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


91 


Metallurgy  apd  Dreg, 

Nevada    Metallurgical    Works, 

No  23   STEVENSON  STREET, 

Keu  FiraL  ami  M.irku  .street*. 

Ores  worked  by  any  proceaa. 

Ores  sampled. 

Assaying  in  all  ita  branches. 

Analysis  of  Ores,  Minerals,  Waters,  etc 

WORKHTG  TBWra   MADE. 

Plans  tarnished  for  the  most  suitable  process 
lor  working  Ores. 

Special    attention   paid   to    Examinations   of 

Mull-;  plans  and  reports  furnished. 

E.  HUHN, 

C.  A.  LUCKHARDT, 
Mining  Engineers  and  Metallurgists 

JOHN  TAYLOR  &  CO., 

bnporten  of  and  Dealers  in 

ASSAYERS*  MATERIALS, 

CHEMICAL  APPARATUS  AND  CHEMICALS,  DRUG- 
GISTS' GLASSWARE  AND  SUNDRIES,  Etc. 

512  &  518  Washington  St.,  San  Francisco 

Wt  would  call  the  special  attention  of  Assnyere,  Cliem- 
bta,  Mining  Companies,  Milling  Companies,  Prospectors, 
.  l,  to  our  Block  <■(  clay  Crucibles,  Muffles,  Dry  Cups, 
tto  ,  manufactured  by  the  Patent  Plumbago  Cruci- 
ble Co.,  of  London,  England,  fur  which  wo  have 
been  made  Sole  Agents/or  the  Pacific  Comt.  Circulars 
wiiii  j. rices  will  be  sent  upon  application. 

Also,  to  our  large  and  well  adapted  stock  of 

Assayers'  Materials  &  Chemical  Apparatus, 

Having  been  engaged   in   furnishing  these  supplies  since 
the  first  discovery  of  mines  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 

jtdTOur  Gold  and  Silver  Tables,  showing  the  value  per 
ounce  Troy  at  different  degrees  of  fineness,  and  valuable 
tables  for  compulation  Of  assays  in  grains  and  grammes, 
will  be  Bent  free  upon  application. 

JOHN    TAYLOR    &    CO. 

LEOPOLD    KUH, 

(Formerly  of  the  U.  S.  Branch  Mint,  9.  F.) 

Assayer    and    Metallurgical    Chemist, 

No.  611  COMMERCIAL  STREET, 
(Between  Montgomery  and  Kearny,) 

San  Francisco,  Cal. 


ELECTRIC    LlQHT. 

BRUSH     PATENT. 
The  Best,  Cheapest,  Cleanest,  and  Most  Powerful  Light  in  the  World 

In  daily  use  at  the  Palace  Hotel  and  the  Union  Iron  "Worka,  S.  P. 


OTTOKAR  HOFMANN, 
METALLURGIST  and  MINING  ENGINEER, 

415  Mission  St.,  bet.  First  and  Fremont  Streets, 
SAN    FRANCISCO. 
£5TErection  of  Leaching    Works  a  Specialty. 
jtsTLeaching  Testa  made. 


TKOS.   PRICE'S 

Assay    Office    and    Chemical 
Laboratory, 

524  Sacramento  St..  S.  F. 


For  Lighting  Mines,  Factories,  Mills,  Streets, 
Theaters,  Public  Halls,  Etc.,  It  has  no  Equal, 
either  for  Brilliancy  or  Cheapness. 

For  further  particulars,  Catalogues,  Prices,  Etc., 
apply  to 

WILLIAM    KERR, 

President  S.  F.  Telegraph  Supply  Co., 

903  Battery  St.,  San  Francisco. 


In  consequence  of  spurious  imitations  of 

LEA    AND    PERRINS'    SAUCE, 

which  are  calculated  to  deceive  tlie  Public,  Lea  and  Perrins 
have  adopted  A  NEW  LABEL,  bearing  their  Signature, 
thus. 


^tachipery. 


PACIFIC  MACHINERY  DEPOT. 

H.    P.    GREGORY    &    CO., 

Cor.  California  &  Market  Streets,  S.  P.  Cal 

Importers  of  ami  Dealers  in 

Machinery  of  all  Descriptions. 

SOLE  AGENTS  FOR  PACIFIC  COAST  FOR 

J.  A.  Pay  &  Co. 's  Woodworking1  Machinery, 

Bement  &  Sons'  Machinists'  Tools, 

Blake's  Patent  Steam  Pumps, 

N.  Y.  Belting  &  Packing  Co.'s  Rubber  Goods 

Sturtevant  Blowers  and  Exhaust  Pans, 

Tanite  Co.'s  Emery  Wheels  and  Machinery 

Payne's  Vertical  Engines  and  Boilers, 

Judson's  Standard  Governors, 

Dreyfus'  Self  Oilers, 

Gould  Manufacturing  Co.'s  Hand  Pumps, 

Piatt's  Patent  Fuse  Lighters, 

Lovejoy's  Planer  Knives. 

A    FULL    LINK  OF 

Belting,   Packing,   Hose,  and  Other 
Mill  and  Mining  Supplies  on  Hand. 

jEbTSciiU  for  Illustrated  Catalogue. 


J.  Thomson. 


C.  H.  Evanb 


THOMSON    &   EVANS, 

(Successors  to  Thomson  &  Parker.) 

Engineers  and  Machinists. 


d&ea><&£s; 


which  is  placed  on  eve°>y  bottle  of  WORCESTERSHIRE 
SA  UCE,  and  without  which  none  is  genuine. 

Asb  for  LEA  &■  PERRINS'  Sauce,  and  see  Name  on  Wrapper,  Label,  Bottle  and  Stopper. 
Wholesale  and  for  Export  by  the  Proprietors,  Worcester;  Crosse  and  Black-well,  London 
&c,  csre. ;  and  by  Grocers  and  Oilmen  throv ■■ hout  the  Wo  id. 

To  be  obtained  of  CROSS  &  CO..  San  Francisco. 


SAVE   YOUR   GOLD! 


G.  F.  Dketken.  Wm.  E.  Smith. 

PIONEER    REDUCTION  WORKS, 

No.  19  Channel  Street,   San  Francisco,  Cal 

G,  F.  DEETKEN,  MANAGER. 
Hghost  price  paid  tor  GOLD,  SILVER  and  Copper  Ores. 


METALLURGICAL    WORKS, 
STRONG    &    CO.,   10   Stevenson   Street, 

ORES  SAMPLED,  TESTED,  ASSAYED. 


Highly  Important  to  Miners  and  Quartz  Mill  Men! 

0 

SILVER  PLATED  COPPER  AMALGAMATING  PLATES. 

The  BEST  PROCESS  yet  discovered  for   SAVING  FINE  GOLD.     Extensively  used  in 
Mines  and  Quartz  Mills.     Over  five  hundred  orders  have  been  filled  for  these  Plates. 

SAN  FRANCISCO  GOLD,  SILVER,  NICKEL  AND  COPPER_PLATING  WORKS, 

Nos.  653  and  655  Mission  Street,  San  Francisco. 

E.    G.    DENNISTON, PROPRIETOR. 


GU  IDO      KUSTEL, 

MINING  ENGINEER  and  METALLURGIST. 

•  P.    O     Address:    ALAMEDA,     CAL. 

Contents  of  Pamphlet  on  Public  Lands  of 
California,  U.  S.  Land  Laws,  Map  of 
California  and  Nevada,  Etc. 

Map  of  California  and  Nevada ;  The  Public 
Lands;  The  Laud  Districts;  Table  of  Rainfall  in  Cafifor- 
nia;  Counties  and  Their  Products;  Statistics  of  the  State 
at  Large. 

Instructions  of  the  U.  S.  Land  Commis- 
sioners.— Different  Classes  of  Public  Lands;  How  Lands 
may  be  Acquired;  Fees  of  Land  Office  at  Location;  Agri- 
cultural College  Scrip;  Pre-emptions;  Extending  the 
Homestead  Privilege;  But  One  Homestead  Allowed;  Proof 
of  Actual  Settlement  Necessary;  Adjoining  Farm  Home- 
steads; Lands  fur  Soldiers  and  Sailors;  Lauds  for  Indians; 
Fees  of  Land  Office  and  Commissions;  Laws  to  Promote 
Timber  Culture;  Concerning  Appeals;  Returns  of  the  Reg- 
ister and  Receiver;  Concerning  Mining  Claims;  Second 
Pre-emption  Benefit. 

Abstract  from  the  "LT,  S.  Statutes— The  Law 
Concerning  Pre-emption;  Concerning  Homesteads;  Amend- 
atory Act  Concerning  Timber;  Miscellaneous  Provisions 
Additional  Surveys;  Land  for  Pre-emption;  List  of  Cal'' 

ornia  Post  Offices.     Price,  post  paid,  50  cts. 

'Published  and  sold  bv  DEWEY  &  CO.,  S.  F 


cs 


03 1 


% ■  P-U  (£#&!. -'I;  PANS  AND9 


mmmm 


S   3 
■S  IB 


8I 

.=  £ 
bo  a 


fan  n 

=  1 


Steam  Pumps.  Steam  Engines,  Hoisting, 

Pumping,  Quartz  Mill,  Mining,  Saw 

Mill   Machinery,   Specialties. 

Plans  and  Specifications  for  Machinery  furniBhed.    Re- 
pairing promptly  attended  to. 

110  &  112  Beale  St.,  San  Francisco. 


FOR    SALE. 


SEVERAL  SECOND-HAND 

PORTABLE   ENGINES, 

FOR  SALE  CHEAP. 

Sizes,  from  eight    horse-power   to  twenty-five   horse- 
power.    IN  PERFECT  RUNNING  ORDER.     Apply  to 

JOSEPH  ENRIGHT, 

San  Jose,  California. 


-y  '.'r  STEAM  iNCINES  ,J  "^ 

BERRY '&  PLACE, 

— ►  SAN.FRANGlSCa,CAL..-i— 


CIRCULARS  SENT  TREE  TO 


-A-d-Ox-eSS.  PIUSEB,  CHAL.MBRS  Jfc  CO..  ClHe»«o,  111. 


NAVY 


Awarded  highest  prize  (it  Oentenninl  Exposition  for 
fine  diewinfj  qualities  and  excellence  and  tutting  char- 
acter of  sweetening  and  flavoring.  The  best  tobneco 
ever  made.  As  our  blue  strip  trade-mark  is  clOFely 
imitated  on  inferior  poods,  sec  that  Jackson's  Best  is 
On  every  plncr.  Sold  by  nil  dealers.  Send  Tor  sample, 
free,  to  v-  4.  Jackson  &  Co.,  Mfrs.,  Petersburg,  Wl» 


I  L  &  E.  WERTHHEIMER,  Agf'tS.San  Francisco. 


PRINTER'S   PROOF   PRESS, 

COMPLETE    AND    IN    GOOD    WORKING     ORDER, 

JFor  Sale  at  this  office, 

AT    THE    LOW    PRICE    OF    $37-50. 

£3/"  Call  and  sec  it.T££ 


THE  IMPROVED  O'HARRA 
OHLOKIDIZING  FUENAOE. 

Patented  Sept.  10th,  1878. 

Now  in  Operation  at  the  Extra  Mining-  Co.'s 
"Works,  Copper  City,  Shasta  Co.,  Cal. 

Two  men  and  two  cords  of  woid  roast 

Forty  Tons  of  Ore  in  Twenty-four  Hours, 

Giving  a  full  chlorination  (100%)  at  a  cost  of  30  cents  per 
on.     Address, 

O'HARRA    &    FERGUSON, 
Furnaceville,  Shasta  Co.,  Cal 

Or  CHAS.  W.  CRANE,  Agent, 

Room  10,  Safe  Deposit  Building,  San  Francisco. 


507  Mechanical  Movements. 

Every  mechanic  Should  have  a  copy  of  Brown's  507  Me- 
chanical Movements,  illustrated  and  described.  Inventors, 
model  makers  and  amateur  mechanics  and  students,  will 
find  the  work  valuable  far  beyond  its  cost.  Sold  by 
Dkwbt  &  Co.,  Patent  Agents  and  publishers  of  Mining 
and  Scientific  Press,  San  Francisco.  Price,  $1,  (post  paid. 


92 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[February  8,  1879. 


[Continued  from  Page  85.] 


regard  to   the  mines.     They   are  looking   well 

and  over  70  tons  per  day  of  ore  is  being  taken 

out. 

ESMERALDA  DISTRICT. 

The  Del  Monte  Shaft.—  Herald,  Feb.  1 : 
Last  week  a  vein  of  water  was  cut  in  the  bottom 
of  the  Bel  Monte  shaft  which  necessitated  an 
increased  number  of  strokes  by  the  pump,  and 
now  quite  a  large  stream  is  flowing  down  the 
canyon  from  the  company's  works.  This  affords 
the  town  a  good  supply  of  water. 

Shaw  District.—  Silver  State,  Feb.  1  :  This 
mining  district,  discovered  last  fall,  is  situated 
27  miles  north  of  Winnemucca  on  the  east  or 
Paradise  side  of  the  range  of  mountains  which 
divides  Quin's  river  and  Paradise  valleys.  The 
Eclipse  mine,  the  first  located  in  the  district, 
runs  as  far  as  developed  northeast  and  south- 
west, and  is  about  20  feet  wide.  The  side  of 
the  mountain  below  the  croppings  is  covered 
with  float  rock,  which  assays  fronv§30  to  $550 
per  ton  in  gold  and  silver.  The  Eclipse  has 
been  bonded  by  W,  H.  Howard,  who  has  four 
men  employed  on  the  mine  sinking  a  shaft. 
There  seems  to  be  no  question  as  to  the  richness 
and  extent  of  the  ore,  and  it  is  confidently 
expected  that  a  prosperous  mining  camp  will 
spring  up  here  next  spring.  The  proximity  of 
the  district  to  the  railroad  and  the  advantages 
which  it  has  in  fuel  and  water,  make  the  local- 
ity one  of  the  most  inviting  in  the  country. 

EUREKA  DISTRICT. 

Mining  Items.  — Sentinel,  Feb.  2 :  Albion 
stopped  work  for  the  present.  About  150  men 
are  employed  at  the  Richmond.  Nearly  200 
men  are  carried  on  the  pay  roll  of  the  Eureka 
Consolidated.  From  the  Grant  mine,  ou  Mc- 
Coy Hill,  they  are  taking  out  some  first-class 
ore.  The  Charter  Tunnel  company  have  an  S- 
inch  streak  of  rich  ore  in  the  Needle  mine,  and 
are  working  at  it  diligently.  Work  at  the 
Richmond  seems  to  progress  as  usual,  without 
hitch  or  break  of  any  kind.  A  large  amount  of 
ore  is  being  hoisted  and  sent  to  the  smelter 
every  day,  to  increase  the  bullion  product  of 
1879.  Black  metal  ore,  of  a  high  grade,  has 
been  struck  in  the  Prospect  Mountain  tunnel,  at 
a  distance  of  900  feet  from  its  mouth,  and  which 
is  600  feet  below  the  surface  of  the  mountain. 
The  company  have  prosecuted  work  on  this  en- 
terprise for  about  two  years,  and  this  is  the  first 
substantial  indication  of  a  return  that  they  have 
met  with. 
REESE  RIVER  DISTRICT. 

Manhattan. — Seville,  Feb.  1  :  During  the 
past  week  the  mill  has  reduced  130  tons  of  ore 
of  the  assay  value  of  ^2S,047.55.  Of  this 
amount  $10,278.12  was  from  custom  ores,  $3,- 
488.80  from  tribute  mines  and  the  balance, 
$14,280.63,  from  the  Frost  and  Curtis  shafts. 

Western  Nye. — It  is  rumored  that  negotia- 
tions have  about  been  completed  in  San  Fran- 
cisco for  the  sale  of  the  Illinois  mine  and  furnace 
to  Eastern  capitalists.  The  Alexander  mill  shut 
down  on  the  27th  ult.  for  a  few  days  in  order  to 
repair  the  conveyer  and  make  a  general  clean- 
up. The  company  have  since  shipped  five  bars 
of  bullion. 

WHITE  PINE  DISTRICT. 

Chloriders. — It  is  reported  that  the  chlo- 
riders  who  have  been  working  in  the  upper 
levels  of  the  old  Eberhardt  &  Aurora  mine,  in 
White  Pine,  have  made  the  discovery  of  an- 
other extensive  ore  body.  We  hope  the  infor- 
mation may  prove  true,  as  it  would  give  a  large 
number  of  persons  employment.  It  is  only  a 
matter  of  time  when  good  mines  will  be  struck 
in  the  county. 

ARIZONA. 

Mining  News,  Etc. — Silver  Belt,  Jan.  31: 
The  McMillen  company  has  men  at  work  grad- 
ing for  the  new  mill.  Four  men  are  now  at 
wor^tm  the  Maimi  mine,  and  good  ore  is  still 
beir^  extracted.  The  Gold  Hill  district  is  at- 
tracting attention,  miners  obtaining  good  re- 
sults. Salter  &  Lieurance  have  commenced 
work  on  their  claim,  adjoining  the  McCormick. 
Some  fair  looking  ore  has  been  exposed.  The 
Silver  Queen  shaft  is  down  109  feet.  Crosscut- 
ting  will  not  be  attempted  until  a  depth  of  150 
feet  is  reached.  Neil  Dougherty  is  taking  400 
ounce  ore  out  of  the  west  half  of  the  Richmond. 
The  pay  streak  two  feet  wide  gives  that  results. 
Balance  of  the  vein,  three  feet,  is  said  to  be  fair 
milling  ore.  The  shaft  on  the  Alice  mine  is 
down  SO  feet.  For  the  last  18  feet  there  has 
been  fair  ore  found,  and  this  has  recently  im- 
proved so  much  that  it  is  believed  to  be  worth 
$200  per  ton.  The  intention  is  to  go  down  100 
feet,  and  then  crosscut,  when  the  probability  is 
that  a  good  body  of  ore  will  be  exposed.  The 
Brilliant  lode,  about  six  miles  northwest  of  Mc- 
Millen, promises  to  become  a  good  mine.  It 
has  been  opened  to  the  depth  of  70  feet  in  good 
shape,  the  shaft  being  securely  and  neatly  tim- 
bered. The  vein  exposed  in  a  drift  is 
about  four  feet  wide,  with  smooth,  Bolid 
wall,  and  of  this  there  is  about  15  inches  on  the 
hanging  wall  which  shows  bunches  and  streaks 
of  ore  that  will  assay  $10,000  per  ton,  but  tak- 
ing the  whole  of  this  part  of  the  vein  it  is  esti- 
mated that  by  assortment  it  will  yield  about 
$300.  A  company  has  purchased  a  small  mill, 
with  a  view  of  erecting  it  at  Tonto  Basin. 

The  Isabella  Co. — G.  S.  Holbrook,  one  of 
the  Directors  of  this  Co.,  in  a  letter  to  the  Min- 
ing Record  says  four  or  five  of  the  mines  "have 
been  so  well  opened  and  tested,  that  there  can 
be  no  longer  the  least  doubt  as  to  their  great  and 
permanent  value."  The  mines  have  not  been 
developed  at  all,  as  our  readers  very  well  know. 
The  veracious  Holbrook  ends  his  effusion  ■  by 


stating  that  he  confidently  expected  dividends 
in  January,  but  might  "possibly  be  obliged  to 
wait  until  some  time  in  February."  As  the 
Haskin  mill  is  standing  idle,  no  work  is  being 
done  on  the  mines,  and  one  of  the  best  of  the 
eight  claims  has  been  "jumped,"  that  is,  relo- 
cated by  one  of  Mr.  Bixby's  former  bosom 
friends  and  lieutenants,  the  prospect  of  divi- 
dends being  paid  is  rather  remote. 

MONTANA. 
Phillipsburg. — New  North  West,  Jan  31  : 
The  Frue  Vanners  of  the  Hope,  after  a  deten- 
tion of  three  weeks  to  perfect  certain  necessary 
repairs  to  building,  started  up  again  on  the  14th 
inst.,  and  are  now  busily  engaged  in  working 
concentrations  from  this  company's  immense 
tailing  deposit.  Driving  the  incline  at  the  mine 
to  tap  the  ore  body  at  a  greater  depth  is  being 
done  with  dispatch.  The  Northwestern  com- 
pany, as  usual,  is  running  steadily,  working 
ores  from  Trout  and  Poorman.  The  water 
column  and  steam  piping  for  this  company's 
new  pump  has  been  placed  in  position  in  the 
Trout  shaft  by  Engineer  Gump.  Everything 
now  in  readiness  for  deeper  working.  The 
Algonquin  is  being  slowly  and  steadily  drained, 
the  powerful  piston  pump,  now  in  position, 
working  finely.  Murray  &  Durfee  are  driving 
the  tunnel  ahead  to  crosscut  the  Blackmail. 
The  Laiblin  contract  on  this  tunnel  has  been 
completed  in  an  excellent  and  creditable  man- 
ner. At  Butte,  the  Lexington  foundry  is  ready 
to  fire  up  on  its  first  charge  whenever  the  pro- 
prietor chooser  to  give  the  word  "go."  The 
quartz  mines  at  Red  Bluff  are  looking  first-rate, 
and  the  miners  there  will  make  plenty  of  money 
when  they  can  get  their  ore  crushed. 

OREGON. 

Good  Outlook. — Times,  Jan.  27:  We  are 
informed  by  parties  from  Josephine  county  that 
there  is  every  prospect  of  Silver  Creek  proving 
a  rich  camp — one  that  will  afford  remunerative 
mining  for  several  years  to  come.  Favorable 
accounts  from  there  are  reported. 

UTAH. 

Jackson. — Salt  Lake  Tribune,  Feb.  2:  Ac- 
cording to  the  latest  news  from  this  district  no 
ledge  has  been  struck  in  the  new  camp,  but 
large  quantities  of  float  have  been  found,  and 
some  200  locations  covering  the  whole  moun- 
tain made  in  the  hope  of  striking  blind  ledges. 
Of  several  assays  made  at  the  Reef  of  float  ore 
the  aggregate  showed  $1,100  in  silver  and  $300 
in  gold.  It  seems  to  be  pretty  well  settled  that 
good  ore  has  been  found  on  the  surface,  but 
the  ledges  are  deeply  covered  with  debris  and 
remain  to  be  discovered  by  uncovering. 

Bullion  and  Smelters. — McCornick  &  Co. 
yesterday  received  another  carload  of  bullion 
from  the  Watterman  smelter,  Stockton.  Camp- 
bell, Cullen  &  Co.  have  about  half  completed  a 
contract  to  ship  50  carloads  of  their  bullion  to 
a  Pennsylvania  lead  works.  The  Morgan 
smelter  "yesterday  received  from  White  &  Shiloh, 
Battle  Mountain,  Nevada,  two  lots  of  sulphides, 
one  lot  assaying  $96.03  to  the  ton,  and  the 
other  over  $1,100.  Water  was  turned  into  the 
canal  of  the  Old  Telegraph  works  a  few  days 
since,  but  it  again  broke  over  the  bank  and 
caused  a  further  delay.  The  break,  however, 
was  small  and  was  soon  repaired,  so  that  the 
smelter  will  be  started  up  to-day,  and  the  pro- 
duction of  bullion  recommenced.  The  Chicago 
smelter,  at  Rush  Lake,  Tooele  county,  which 
has  been  so  long  idle,  will  be  started  up  to-day 
by  Messrs.  Brooks  &  Davis,  and  a  successful 
run  is  expected 

For.  the  Year. — Silver  Reef,  Jan.  25:  The 
Ontario  mill  and  mine,  notwithstanding  the 
burn-out  in  November,  stopping  operations  for 
several  weeks,  produced  during  the  year  of  '7S 
$1,462,373,56.  On  the  16th  inst.  its  share- 
holders received  their  39th  dividend — 50  cents 
on  the  share  and  making  $1,930,000  paid  ia 
dividends  to  that  date. 

Mining  Notes. — We  are  reliably  informed 
that  the  ore  in  the  Last  Chance  mine  shows  in 
some  places  a  thickness  of  25  feet.  The  ship- 
ment of  bullion  from  Silver  Reef,  through  Wells, 
Fargo  &  Co.,  for  the  weekending  January  25th, 
1879,  aggregates  $23,028.  The  Luua  mine 
shows  a  vein  of  ore  more  than  six  feet  thick, 
and  the  foot  wall  not  yet  reached.  A  strike 
was  made  on  the  24th  inst.,  in  the  Stormont 
mine,  which  bids  fair  to  astonish  the  natives. 
The  compauy  was  employed  in  running  down 
their  incline  in  order  to  get  at  and  control  the 
water,  and  were  keeping  it  on  a  regular  grade 
to  accommodate  the  car.  In  cutting  away 
what  they  supposed  to  be  the  hanging  wall  to 
make  place  for  the  pump,  the  ore  was  broken 
down.  Two  loads  of  it  taken  to  the  mill  work- 
ed $471.70  per  ton.  The  extent  of  the  strike 
has  not  yet  been  determined,  but  the  indica- 
tions are  that  it  is  extensive.  Ye  disgusted 
miner,  in  squads  of  from  two  to  fifty,  are  ex- 
pected in  this  afternoon  from  the  played-out 
Paria  diggings.  It  is  not  supposed  that  there 
will  be  any  cussing.     Oh,  no. 


Practical  Chemistry  in  Gold  and  Silver 
Extraction. — Mr.  C  H.  Aaron  in  this  issue 
discusses  several  mooted  points  in  con- 
nection with  lixiviation  processes,  which  are 
referred  to  the  "Chemical  Section,"  and  to  those 
who  have  the  use  of  the  laboratories  at  Berke- 
ley. For  a  resume  of  the  natural  and  artificial 
solutions  and  precipitations  of  gold  and  silver  so 
far  as  known  at  the  time,  reference  may  be  made 
to  a  tabular  statement  in  Bowman's  study  of  the 
"Vein  Geology"  of  the  Sierra,  published  in 
Raymond's  report  for  1875. 


News  in  Brief. 

Rev  Thomas  K.  Beecher  favors  cremation. 
Famine  in  upper  Egypt  is  reported  as  dread- 
ful. 

Governor  Hartranft  signed  fifty  death 
warrants. 

Potatoes  sell  in  Washington  Territory  at  50 
cents  per  bushel. 

The  police  of  this  city  made  1,568  arrests 
during  January. 

Stanley  is  announced  in  London  for  another 
African  exploration. 

Quails  are  very  abundant  in  the  foothills  of 
San  Luis  Obispo  county. 

The  discount  rate  of  the  Bank  of  England 
has  been  reduced  to  3%. 

An  agitation  on  Chinese  immigration  is  pre- 
vailing in  New  South  Wales. 

The  wild  geese  have  commenced  their  north- 
era  migration;  many  could  be  seen  the  past 
week  passing  over  this  city. 

Horses  are  dying  about  Walla  Walla,  Ore- 
gon, with  the  glanders. 

A  nugget  of  gold  worth  about  $104  was  lately 
found  on  Silver  creek,  Oregon. 

In  a  street  fight  at  Austin,  Tex.,  the  sheriff 
was  killed  and  two  other  persons  wounded. 

The  Transcript  says  the  prospects  of  Nevada 
county  were  never  better  than  at  present. 

Several  thousand  engineers,  boiler-makers, 
titters  and  dock  laborers  struck  at  Liverpool. 
Heavy  frosts  in  the  northern  coast  counties 
have  so  kept  back  the  grass  that  feed  is  poor. 
Most  of  the  southern  cities  are  slowly  recover- 
ing from  the  disasters  brought  upon  them  by 
the  war. 

The  plague  has  made  its  appearance  at  Mos- 
cow and  is  causing  great  alarm  in  many  parts 
of  Europe. 

There  are  103  boys,  between  the  ages  of  14 
to  19,  confined  in  the  State  prison  at  San 
Quentin. 

Within  the  past  three  months  3,000  people 
have  joined  the  Blue  Ribbon  Temperance  Club 
in  Oregon. 

A  strong  feeling  exists  among  leading  colored 
citizens  of  Louisiana  favoring  migration  to  other 
parts  of  the  Union. 

A  rill  before  the  Nevada  Legislature  pro- 
poses to  exempli'  printing  material  to  the  value 
of  $2,500  from  §xecu*tlon. 

Snow  on  the/tyoxintains  is  driving  the  wild 
pigeons  in  large  "numbers  down  into  the  valleys 
of  Yolo  and  Solano  counties. 

A  sufficient  quantity  of  snow  has  already 
fallen  this  season  to  admit  of  running  the  mills 
alon»  the  Carson  river  during  most  of  next 
summer. 

Business  of  all  kinds  is  said  to  be  improving 
in  the  Atlantic  States.  Work  is  getting  more 
plentiful,  though  wages,  like  everything  else, 
are  low. 

In  Los  Angeles  laundries  are  taxed  $25  per 
mouth  each;  vegetable  pedlars  $f>0,  and  every 
Chinaman  employed  in  the  city  in  any  capacity 
must  pay  §6  per  month. 

While  the  salmon  cannerymen  on  the  Co- 
lumbia river  complain  that  last  year's  business 
was  profitless,  they  are  proposing  to  engage  in  it 
extensively  the  present  year. 

The  edge  of  Clear  lake,  for  many  yards  from 
the  shore,  has  several  times  been  frozen  this 
winter.  Even  the  aborigines  have  been  aston- 
ished at  the  occurrence. 

Senator  Christiancy  has  notified  the  Presi- 
dent that  he  will  accept  the  Peru  mission — 
salary  §10,000 — and  resign  as  United  States 
Senator  from  Michigan. 

Results  of  recent  inquiry  into  the  origin  of 
epidemic  diphtheria  in  New  York  indicate  the 
probability  that  it  is  frequently  caused  by  using 
milk  of  cows  affected  with  garget. 

It  is  said  that  a  quantity  of  tellurium  has 
been  found  in  the  Central  Hill  mine,  Eureka, 
Nev.  This  article  is  used  chiefly  in  edging 
cutlery,  and  commands  a  fabulous  price. 

Recent  rains  have  furnished  an  abundance  of 
water  for  mining  purposes,  and  all  claims  in 
Calaveras,  for  the  first  time  this  season,  are  now 
being  worked  to  their  fullest  capacity. 

A  large  deposit  of  kaoline,  a  clay  used  iu 
the  manufacture  of  terra-cotta  or  fancy  pottery, 
has  been  struck  in  tunnel  No.  4,  South  Pacific 
Coast  railroad,  Santa  Cruz  county. 

Edward  Niles,  General  Ticket  Agent  for 
the  Virginia  and  Truckee  Railroad  Company, 
was  recently  taken  to  the  Pacific  Insane  Asy- 
lum at  Stockton;  cause  of  his  insanity,  losses 
in  stocks. 

Registrar  Kaplan  denies  that  there  has 
been  an  increase  of  5,000  voters  since  the  last 
election,  and  says  that  the  total  new  registra- 
tion in  this  city  since  the  19th  day  of  June  last 
is  only  366. 

Mrs.  Clara  S.  Foltz  has  been  admitted  to 
practice  as  an  attorney  by  the  Fourth  District 
Court  and  has  opened  a  law  office  in  this  city, 
she  being  the  first  woman  ever  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  this  State. 

About  200  persons  have  left  Silver  Reef, 
Utah,  for  the  new  El  Dorado.  Letters  from 
the  Buckskin  mountains  say  that  the  crowd  has 
gathered  at  a  point  about  35  miles  nearly  south 
of  Johnson,  but  that  no  important  discoveries 
are  made  yet. 

Sargent's  bill  to  provide  a  new  Postoffice 
for  San  Francisco  leaves  the  selection  of  the 
site  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  and  appro- 
priates §500,000  for  the  purchase  of  a  site  and 
the  commencement  of  the  building,  the  total 
cost  not  to  exceed  §3,000,000.  The  Palace 
Hotel  could  be  bought  for  that,  and  no  better 
site  or  building  could  be  had  for  the  purpose. 


Personal. 

Arizona.— Ex-Mayor  F.  W.  Blake,  who  has 
for  a  long  time  had  the  management  of  the 
finances  of  the  Peck  Miuing  Co.,  has  been  ap- 
pointed agent  and  general  Superintendent  of 
the  affairs  of  the  company  in  Arizona,  with  his 
office  in  Prescott. — Miner,  Prescott,  Jan.    24th. 

Montana. — Robert  E.  Strahom,  editor  of  the 
New  West,  and  author  of  "To  the  Rockies  and 
Beyond,"  made  Butte  a  one  day  visit  last  week. 
Mr.  Strahorn  has  traveled  extensively  over 
Montana,  and  more,  perhaps,  than  any  other  of 
its  citizens  has  he  assisted  in  making  the  out- 
side world  acquainted  with  its  great  resources. — 
Butte  Miner,  Jan.  14th. 

Colorado.— Prof.  N.  P.  Hill,  the  genial 
Superintendent  of  the  Central  City  Smelting 
Works,  has  been  elected  U.  S.  Senator,  with 
evident  satisfaction  to  the  mining  interest. 

What  Might  Have  Been. — In  a  report  just 
forwarded  to  the  Secretary  of^the  Interior,  Gen. 
Fremont  says:  -It  is  interesting  to  speculate  on 
what  might  have  been,  had  this  southern  line 
been  already  built  before  the  war.  True  to  the 
instincts  of  commerce  the  northern  road  has 
swept  round  through  California  and  is  entering 
Arizona  from  the  west,  while  other  great  roads 
are  converging  into  it  from  the  east  and  north. 
Arizona  is  the  natural  gateway  of  commerce 
and  travel  between  the  States  east  of  the  Missis- 
sippi, and  California  and  the  Pacific  Ocean. 
Fronting  on  Mexico  it  is  in  position  to  profit  by 
any  developments  which  may  result  from  the 
awakened  interests  of  our  merchants  and  manu- 
facturers in  the  trade  of  that  country.  You 
will  remember  that  before  our  civil  war,  Con- 
gress had  directed  examinations  for  an  overland 
route  to  the  Pacific,  to  be  made  on  four  different 
lines  between  the  32d  and  46th  parallels,  and 
upon  comparison  of  results  by  the  War  Depart- 
ment, the  32d  parallel  was  declared  the  best. 
A  bill  was  accordingly  framed  adopting  this 
line;  and  with  a  large  grant  of  lands  and  money 
had  already  passed  the  House  and  was  about 
passing  the  other,  when  events  occurring  in 
Texas  were  announced  in  Congress,  and  the 
line  of  the  road  thrown  to  the  north.  Passing 
together  through  this  gateway  of  Arizona  the 
united  road  will  enter  Mexico  by  a  trunk  line, 
which  will  be  nourished  by  ten  millions  of  peo- 
ple and  the  sea  of  Guaymas,  while  the  branches 
penetrate  the  States. 

Responsibility  of  Architects. — The  ques- 
tion of  holding  architects  personally  responsible 
fur  the  safety  of  buildings  erected  under  their 
supervision,  is  placed  prominently  before  the 
public  by  the  action  of  the  Institute  of  Archi- 
tects, which  recently  held  its  regular  annual 
convention  in  this  city,  The  Rhode  Island 
Chapter  of  that  body  has  framed  a  law  which 
is  intended  to  change  the  existing  conditions  by 
making  faulty  work  a  penal  offence,  punishable 
by  fine  and  imprisonment.  It  is  proposed  to 
apply  this  rule  to  contractors,  builders,  and 
architects  alike.  In  France,  architects  and 
builders  are  held  responsible  for  a  building  for 
10  years  after  its  completion.  There  is  no  rea- 
son why  such  a  law  should  not  be  enacted  here. 

The  New  York  Immigration  Commissioners 
report  a  large  increase  of  European  prepaid 
passage  tickets  over  last  year,  and  anticipate 
for  the  current  year  20%  more,  or  120,000  emi- 
grants. Of  operatives  alone,  20,000  are  expect- 
ed within  the  next  few  months. 


The  Los  Angeles  woolen  mills  are  in  full 
operation,  and  have  already  made  several  thou- 
sand dollars'  worth   of  blankets   and  flannels. 


Heavy  business  failures  continue  in  England. 


Our  Eastern  Agency. 

We  have  established  a  special  Eastern  Agency  for  the 
Press  at  No.  38  University  Place,  New  York 
City,  with  MR.  JOHN  MICHELS.  He  will  cor- 
respond for  our  columns,  and  also  receive  subscriptions, 
advertisements,  etc. ,  for  the  accommodation  of  our  Eastern 
frienas. 

Fresh  attractions   are    constantly  added  to  Wood- 
ward's Gardens,  amonir  which  is  Prof.  Gruber's  gTeat 
educator,  the  Zoographieon.     Each  department  increases 
daily,  and  the  Pavilion  performances  are  more  popular* 
All  new  novelties  And  a  place  at  this  wonder- 


than  ever, 
fill  resort. 


Prices  remain  as  usual. 


Artesian  Wells  Wasted. —Parties  who  are  prepared  to 
contract  for  boring  artesian  wells  are  invited  to  send 
terms  to  Edward  Frisbie,  proprietor  of  the  Reading  Ranch, 
Anderson,  ShaBta  County,  CaL 


Settlers  and  others  wishing  good  farming  lands  for 
sure  crops,  are  referred  to  Mr,  Edward  Frisbie,  of  Ander- 
son/Shasta County,  CaL,  who  has  some  15,000  acres  for 
sale  in  the  Upper  Sacramento  valley.  His  advertisement 
appears  from  time  to  time  in  this  paper. 


Examine  the  accelerative  endowment  plan,  as  originated 
by  the  Mutual  Benefit  Life  Insurance  Co.,  of  Newark, 
New  Jersey.  Assets,  $30,533,429.94.  Lewis  C.  Grover, 
President;  L.  Spencer  Coble,  Vice-President;  Benjamin  C. 
Miller,  Treasurer;  Edward  A.  Strong,  Secretary;  Bloom- 
field  J.  Miller,  Actuary.  Send  for  circulars  to  James 
Munsell,  Jr.,  agent  of  insured,  224  Sansome  St.,  San 
Francisco. 

Experimental  Machinery,  drawings,  patterns,  models, 
all  kinds  of  electrical  and  telegraphic  apparatus  to  order. 
See  ad.    F.  W.  Fuller,  415  Market  St.,  second  floor,  S.  F. 

Henry  R.  Ewald  is  our  general  correspondent  and 
agent  for  Arizona.        , 


Chew  Jackson's  Best  Sweet  Navy   Tobacco 


February  8,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


GENERAL  MERCHANDISE. 

I  WUOLUaLL  1 

Wednkmdat  m..  February  5.  1879. 
BifiH -Joblilnx.         iPUaWr,  Oolileo 
Eng  Standard  Whoat.  9  ■«  91     G.tc  MI1U. . . .  3  00  <ft  3  JS 
Nt-YiUo  *  Co,  Laud  Plmter.  In  10  00  (,*12  50 

Hand  Hrwed,  HxM.    9  ffl  91  NAILS. 

Mr» -9-    AM'tcJ  line,  ki«  2  90  @  3  00 

Dl«0 II    •'  -  („IS 

M«ohlne8w,1.22i*>.  9  S  9j  „    ,.  ' " Mf- 

"S^S^"-'^"*  -  ffcl'ol,     KSSSShoIJ  00  0    90 

<"»»"*'"• .  'Vfaator.  No  1 110§    - 

do.  No.  3 1  05  (8    - 

Baker's  A  A ! 

ollrn  Planuol... 
Poaael i  7 


Eighth! 3"<g  4 

Ht»iUn.60inch 13  "II 

t5iach 

Winch 

Wool  Sack.. 

Hui  1  Hewed.  31  B>..«  (350 

4  lb  da 

Machine  Bowed 45  @- 

Btandartt  Uutmlea.. .  .131(014 

Bean  Ban 7  (3  1 

I   WIH.I-. 

OyatalWax 17  (it - 

Eagle 12  tft— 

Patent  Sperm 30&— 

<«>>»:■>  i. mill-.. 
A&aortcl  lie  Fruit*. 

21  tli  can* 2  00  (*     - 

Tahle.l"  ■:■•■•    ■> 

Jams  and  .lelliea.  .3  5U  ((f     - 

Pickle.,  hi  gal 3  15  l«J    - 

Sardines.  .|r  box.. I  671(41  90 

Hf  Bole 
Proaorrcd     Beef. 

2  It..  dor 4  00  W     - 

do  Beef,  t  IMoa  6  BO  "' 
Preferred  Mutton. 

2  lb.  d(>2 4  00  a    - 

Beef  Tongue 

Preaemd     Ham, 

lib,  dm 6  50  a    - 

Deviled  Hum.  1  It. 

do* 5  BO  a     -- 

do  Ham,  iHidot.3  00  («    — 

Hill       I ; 

Australian,  ton..  a  IK)  «t 

Coos  Bay 6  50  'ft  7  00 

Belllngham  Bay.  6  50  (<$-    — 

Seattle 6  00  C?  6  50 

Cumberland 14  00  (a) 

Mt  Diablo 4  75  OT  6  00 

Lehigh 13  50  "T--   — 

Liverpool 7  50  (ft  8  00 

West  Hartley. .  .10  50  (ft 

Scotch 10  50  (ft 

Scranton 11  GO  er 

Vancouver  Id...  7  00  (ft 

Charcoal,  sack...      75  (ft 

Coke,  bbl 110  (ft 

•  <>i  i  i;i. 

Sandwich  Id,  lb.      —  @ 

Costa  Rica 15  (ft      16 

Guatemala. 15  (tr      16 

Java 23  @—  26 

Manila 17  « 

Ground,  in  C8...      45  (gj 

FISH. 

8ac'toDry  Cod..       4^       5j 

do    In  cases..        5  i<r       6 

Eastern  Cod..,. ft* 

Salmon,  bbls....  8  00  (ft  9  00 

Hf  bbla 5  00  (ft  5  50 

1  Ihcans 1  40  (ft  1  45 

PkldCod.  bills.  22  DO  (it 

Hfbbls 11  00  m 

Mackerel.  No.  1. 

Hf  Bbls 9  50  @10  50 

In  Kits 1  85  (f)  2  10 

Ex  Mess 3  25  (ft 

Pkld  Herring,  bi  3  00  (ft  3  50 

Boston  Smkd  H'g     70  (ft 

UMK,  Klc. 
Lime,  Sta  Oruz, 

bbl 1  25  @  1  50 

Cement,  Rosen- 
dale 2  00  (3  2  25 

Portland 4  00  @ 


Palm,  lb 9 

Llnsoed.Raw.bbl.  72  (* 

Boiled 75  ej 

Cocoanut 55  e* 

I'lihi*  nut.  os 70  <i* 

Sperm, 1  40  KJf 

Coast  Whales 40  in 

Polar 45 

Lard 

Oleophlne 

Deroe's  llnl'l. 
Photollto.. 


:-: 


NODMliol 

Eureka 

Barrel  kerosene, . . 

Downer  Ker 37' 

Elaine 37] 

PAINTS. 

Pure  White  Load.      8  (3 
Whiting li(* 

I'utty i  a 

Chalk ■ 

Paris  White 

Ochre 

Vunetlaii  Rett 

Averill  Mixed 

Paint.       gal 
White  &  tint*... 2  00  @2  40 
Green.    Blue     * 

Cb  Yellow 3  00  @3  50 

Light  Red 3  00  <<f3  50 

Metallic  Roof...  1  30  (#1  60 

KICK. 

'•hlna.  Mixed,  It...      5  @      5j 

Hawaiian 7  tg      7] 

HALT. 
Cal.  Bay,  tou....l5  00  0*22  60 

Common 10  00  <j*12  00 

Carmen  Id 12  00  @H  00 

Liverpool  fine. ..la  00  (g 

SOAP. 

Castile,  lb 10  @    10t 

Common  brands. .       V_  "       6 

Fancy  brands 7  <ff      8 

M'll  Is. 

Clovea,  lb 45  @    50 

Cassia 22J@    25 

NutmegB 85  W    90 

Popper  Grain 15  @    17 

Pimento 15  @    16 

Mustard,        Cal. , 

1  Lb  glass 1  50  @    — 

SUGAR,  ETC. 

Cal.  Cube,  tb 114@    - 

Powdered llstf?    — 

Fine  crushed lls@    — 

Granulated 11  t*    — 

Golden  C 91"*    - 

Cat?  Syrup,  toys...     70  <£    — 
Hawaiian  Mol'sses    26  (g    30 

TEA. 
Young        Hyson, 

Moyune,  etc 27  @ 

Country  pekd  Gun- 
powder >b  Im- 
perial      50  @ 

Hysbn 30  @ 

Fooo-Ohow  0 35  @ 

Japan,  Lit  quality    40  & 
2d  quality 20  -<i 


30 


METALS. 

[WHOLEBALB. 

Wkdnkhdat  m.,  Februarys,  1S78. 

Ieon.— 

American  Pig,  soft,  ton 23  00  @'26  00 

Scotch  Pig.  ton 25  50  (226  50 

American  White  Pig,  ton ....23  TO  (a. 

Oregon  Pig.  ton 20  50  (d 

Reiined  Bar 2J@       3 

Horse  Shoes,  keg 5  00  (tf 

Nail  Rod — @       71 

Norway,  according  to  thickness 6i@       7 

Copper.— 

Sheathing,  lb 34  &     35 

Sheathing,  Yellow 19  &      20 

Sheathing,  Old  Yellow —  @  — 

Steel.— 

English  Cast,  lb 16  @      17 

Black  Diamond,  ordinary  sized 16  @ 

Drill Tfi  @      17 

Flat  Bar .' 16  @      19 

Plow  Steel 8  @      121 

Tin  Plateh.— 

10x14  I  C  Charcoal 81@       9 

10x14  1  CCoke 7  @       7i 

Banca  Tin 18  @—  20 

Australian 154@      17 

Zinc— 

By  the  Cask 9  & 

Zinc,  Sheet  7x3  ft.  1  to  10,  lb.  less  than  cask. .        9a@—  10 

Nails.— 
Assorted  sizes 2  90(5>3  00 


LEATHER. 

I  WiUH.FSA.-R.  | 

Wednesday,  m.,  February  5,  1879. 

Bole  Leather,  heavy,  lb 22  y      29 

Light 20  @      21 

Jodot,  8KU.,  doz 48  00  @5o  60 

11  to  13  KU 65  00  @76  0J 

14  to  19  KU 80  00  (gflo  00 

Second  Choice.  11  to  16  Kil 55  00  @70  Ou 

Cornellian,  12  to  16  Kil 57  00  mi  00 

Females,  12  to  13  Kil ,63  00  @67  00 

14  to  16  KU 71  00  @7ti  00 

Simon  Ullmo,  Females,  12  to  13  Kil 58  00  @S2  50 

14  to  15  Kil 66  00  W70  00 

16  to  17  Kil 72  00  @74  00 

Simon,  18  KU 61  00  @63  00 

20  Kil 65  00  @67  00 

24  Kil 72  00  @74  00 

Robert  Calf.  7  and  9  KU 35  00  (e»10  00 

Kips,  French,  lb  1  00  @  1  35 

Cal.  doz 40  00  <§00  00 

French  Sheep,  all  colore 8  00  W15  00 

Eastern  Calf  for  Backs,  lb 1  00  @  1  25 

Sheep  Roans  for  Topping,  all  colors,  doz 9  00  @13  00 

For  Linings 5  50  @10  50 

al.  Russet  Sheep  Linings 1  75  @  4  50 

oot  Legs,  French  Calf,  pair 4  00  @ 

BQood  French  Calf 4  00  @  4  75 

Beat  Jodot  Calf 5  00  @  5  25 

eather,  Harness,  Lb 35  w     38 

LFair  Bridle,  doz 48  00  (§72  00 

Skirting,  lb 33  &     37 

Welt,  doz 30  00  @50  00 

Buff,  ft 18  @      21 

Wax  Side 17  @      80 


Gold,    Legal    Tenders,    Exchange,    Etc. 

[Corrected  Weekly  by  Sutro  &  Co.] 

San  Francisco,  February  5,  3  P.  M. 

Silver.  24@21.    Gold  in  New  York,  par. 

Gold  Bars,  a90@910.  Silver  Bars,  8@18  9  cent-  dls 
3ount. 

Exchange  on  New  York,  25,  on  London  bankers,  49i@ 
49i,  Commercial,  50,  Paris,  five  francs  $  doUar;  Mexican 
•dollars,  872@89. 

London  Consols,  96  5-16;  Bonds,  106$. 

■Quicksilver  in  S.  P..  by  the  flask,  $  lb, 


93 


LUMBER. 


Wkdsrhday  m..  February  5.  1879. 
«    lIU.o        PRICES        nt    l-K.f   |       HOINU    PIXE 

ltllin(MU>.  L        .    BKTAILl'RICB. 

_       ,    _.  Rough.  M 16  00 

BSHfrM WOOlFenSog ,....18  00 

'  ""  Flooring  »nd  St«p 28  00 


Refiue 9  00 

Clear 23  00 

Clear  Refuse 13  00 

Rustic 23  60 

ltefiwe 18  00 

Bniffeoad 20  00 

Refuse 14  00 

Flooring 20  00 

Refune 13  00 

Beaded  Mooring 23  oo 


Narrow 30  .. 

2d  quality 

Laths 3  50 

Furring,  lineal  ft * 

lIMtHHOli. 
RETAll    : 

Rough,  M 18  00 

Refuse H  00 

PickeU,  Rough 15  00 


Rufiuu 13  00      Polutvd 16  00 

Half-inch  Siding 10  UU|     Fancy 22  50 

Refuse 14  OOiHidlng 20  50 

Half-inch  Surfaced 20  OO.Surfaced  &  LongBe»uled3U  00 

Refuse 14  00  Flaring 30  00 

Half-Inch  Battens 16  00     Refuse 22  50 

Pickets  Rough 11  ix«  Half  Inch  Surfaoed 30  oo 

Rough.  Pointed IS  SO  Itustic.  No.  1 30  00 

Fauoy,  Pointed IS  OO  Battens,  lineal  ft 

Shingles 1  75  8hinelea  M 2  00 

Signal  Service  Meteorological  Report. 

San  FiiANi/iHi-o.—  Week  ending  February  4,  1879. 


nWlIKBT   AND   LOWK8T   BAROMRTRR, 

Jan  29  Jan  80  Jan  31|  Feb  l  j    Feb  2  j  Feb  3     Feb  4 


;:<>  181    80.208    80.2071    80.IC4!    SO. 1721  30.010 
30,122    30.136|  30.182 1    30.105|   80.055 1  2,.l.7'J7 

MAXIMUM  AND  MINIMUM   TUERMOMKTKR. 


NW    |     SK     | 

192     |    159     I 


55.8  I      65 

41.5  |      -10       |      40.5 
MKAN    DAILY    HUMIDITY. 

"■■'  3  |      68.8  |     «6 

PRKVAILINO   WINK. 

N       I      N       i       N 

WIND — MILK*  TRAVRLRD. 
221   |   124   |    70 


60.5  I 
45.5  I 


I      7°       | 

i     N      I 


80.020 
29  812 


I     114      |    100 
Clear.  |  Clear. 


BTATK   OF   WRATHRR. 

Clear.   |    Fair.   |  Clear.  |  Clear.    |  Clear. 

RAINFALL  IN  TWKKTY-FOUR    HOURS. 

I      .02    |  I  I  I  I 

Total  rain  during  the  season,  from  July  1.  187S,  0. 


We  have  on  hand  sonic  400  to  500  lbs.  of  brevier,  in 
good  condition,  for  sale  at  a  bargain..  Will  sell  a  port 
onlv  if  desired.  Second-hand  eases  to  match.  Also  a  font 
of  bourgeois  in  first-rate  order,  with  easeB.  Also  a  cabi- 
net and  upwards  of  twenty  fonts  of  good  display  type,  not 
very  old  and  but  little  used.     Some  of  the  fonts'  are  large, 


Printing  Type  For  Sale  Very  Low. 

of  modem  style,  and  what  might  be  termed  good  substan- 
tial display  type  for  advertisements  and  job  printing. 

A  good  proof  press  will  also  be  sold  at  a  greatly  reduced 
price  from  cost. 

We  can  fit  out  a  good  country  printing  office  nearly 
complete  at  a  moderate  cost.  Call  and  see  the  material. 
DEWEY  &    CO., 

Publishers,    No.    202  Sansonie  street,    San    Francisco. 


Scientific  and  Practical  Books 
on  Mining,  Metallurgy,  Etc. 

Published  or  issued,  wholesale  and  retail,  by  DEWEY  & 
CO.,  Mining  and  Scientific  Prkss  Office,  S.  F. 

BY  GUIDO   KU3TEL, 

Minivo  Engineer  and  Metallurgist. 

Roasting  of  Gold  and  Silver  Ores,  and  the 
Extraction  of  their  respective  Metals  without  Quick- 
silver.    1870. 

This  rare  book  on  the  treatment  of  gold  and  silver  ores 
without  quicksilver,  is  liberally  illustrated  and  crammed 
full  of  facts.  It  gives  short  and  concise  descriptions  of  va- 
rious processes  and  apparatus  employed  in  this  country 
and  in  Europe,  and  explains  the  why  and  wherefore 

It  contains  142  pages,  embracing  illustrations  of  fur- 
naces, implements  and  working  apparatus. 

It  is  a  work  of  great  merit,  by  an  author  whose  reputa- 
tion is  unsurpassed  in  his  specialty. 
Price,  9*2.50  coin,  postage  free. 

Concentration  of  Ores  (of  all  kinds),  including 
the  Chlorination  Process  for  Gold-bearing  Sulphurets, 
Arseniurets,  and  Gold  and  Silver  Ores  generally,  with 
120  Lithographic  Diagrams.     1867. 

This  work  is  uuequaled  by  any  other  published,  embrac- 
ing the  subjects  treated.  Its  authority  is  highly  esteemed 
and  regarded  by  its  readers'  containing,  as  it  does,  much 
essential  information  to  the  Miner,  Millman,  Metallurgist, 
and  other  professional  workers  in  ores  and  minerals,  which 
cannot  be  found  elsewhere  in  print.  It  also  abounds 
throughout  with  facts  and  instructions  rendered  valuable 
by  being  clearly  rendered  together  and  in  simple  or- 
der. It  contains  120  diagrams,  illustrating  machinery, 
etc.,  which  alone  are  of  the  greatest  val  ue.     PRICE.  S7.5 


ARITHMETIC    MADE    EASY 

BY   ROPP'S 

Easy    Calculator. 

This  valuable  work  is  used  by  thousands  of  farmers, 
mechanics  and  business  men,  and  is  highly  recommended 
for  its  practical  utility  and  convenience. 

It  embodies  an  entirely  new  system  of  calculation,  by 
which  a  vast  amount  of  figures  and  mental  labor— required 
by  the  ordinary  methods — and  fractions  with  their  com- 
plexities, are  absolutely  avoided. 

It  is  so  simple  and  easily  comprehended  that  even  the 
most  illiterate  is  enabled,  in  a  few  minutes,  to  reckon 
with  absolute  accuracy  and  speed;  while  its  original  and 
rapid  methods,  benefit  and  delight  the  most  scholarly. 

It  shows  at  a  glance  the  accurate  value  of  wheat,  corn, 
rye,  oats,  barley,  cattle,  hogs,  hay,  coal,  lumber  and  mer- 
chandise, from  one  pound  to  a  car  load,  and  for  any  price 
the  market  is  likely  to  reach. 

It  gives  the  interest,  simple  and  compound,  on  any  sum, 
or  any  time,  at  six,  seven,  eight,  and  ten  per  cent.;  the 
exact  measurement  of  boards,  scantlings,  timbers,  saw- 
logs,  cisterns,  tanks,  wells,  granaries,  bins,  wagon  beds, 
corn  cribs,  etc.,  the  wages  at  various  rates,  for  hours, 
days,  weeks  and  months;  besides  numerous  other  impor- 
tant methods,  rules  and  tables. 

It  is  printed  on  fine  tinted  paper,  is  well  and  elcgautly 
found  in  pocket-book  shape,  and  accompanied  by  a  sili- 
cate slate,  pocket  for  papers,  and  memorandum,  which 
can  be  replenished  in  the  two  latter  styles. 

It  answers  the  purpose  of  a  pocket  book  and  diary,  and 
costs  no  more,  although  it  was  gotten  up  at  great  expense 
and  labor,  and  is  unquestionably  one  of  the  most  useful 
publications  ever  issued  from  itie  press. 
Price,  bound  in  Fine  English   Cloth,   $1.00. 

Sent  direct  from  the  Eastern  publisher,  postpaid,  on 
receipt  of  price,  by  P.  O.  order,  registered  letter  or 
receipted  by  expresB.    Address 

DEWEY  &  CO.,  San  Francisco. 


\fi\mg  and  Other  Copipapies. 


Persons  interested  in  incorporated  shares 
will  do  well  to  recommend  the  publication 
of  the  official  notices  of  their  companies 
in  this  paper,  as  the  cheapest  appropriate 
medium  for  the  same. 


Cherokee  Flat  Blue  Gravel  Company.— 

Lo<  itlonol  prlndpal place ol  business,  San  Ftsneisoo 

i        i':..ij..|    ,v..rkn,  CluT..kcc    KUt,  Butte  County,   Cal- 
ifornia 

N l— There  is  delinquent  upon  the  following  de- 

-  k,  "ii  account  of  eaBeBKQCQt  (No.  40),  levied  on 

theSOlhdA]  al  Deoember,  1878,  thesaveral  unounte  nel 
■  !■■  It*  Lhi  names  ol  the  respective  shareholders,  u 
follow  h; 

No.  Oortlflcate.    No.  Shares,     Amt 

A.  Oaaselli       i:  1608       *?*230  40 

L  iNufr-d'aum  105  50  2  60 

E.  1.  PfeilTcr 108  430  21  50 

And  in  ncoordance  with  law,  and  an  order  of  ihc  Hoard 
ol  Directors,  made  on  the  20th  day  of  December.  1878,  bo 

many  shares  .if  aach  parcel  ol  such  stuck  as  may  be  neces- 
sary, will  be  sold  at  public  auction,  at  the  office  of  the 
company,  on  Tuesday,  the  lstii  .lay  of  February,  1870,  at 
the  hoar  of.  two  o'clock,  p.  u.,  of  said  day,  to  pay  said 
delinquent  assessment  thereon,  together*  with  costs  ol 
advertising  and  expenses  "I"  the  sale. 

R.  N.  VAN  HKI'NT,  Secretary. 
Office,  No.  318  Pine  Street.  Hoom  ii. 


Griffith  Consolidated  Mill  and  Mining  Com- 

pany  -l  "cation  of  principal  place  Of  bur-inem-,  Han  Fnin- 

cisc.i.    (.'alih.rnia.      L.icati.iti    "1    wm!,-,     Diamond    Sj>riii(,Ts 

Hliilng  District,  El  Dorado  County,  UaUfornui 

Notice  is  biTohy  given,  that  at  a  meeting  ol  the  Board  of 

Trust  ._■*,  hrl.lnt]  tilt-  21st  day  of  January.  1879  an  asseesment 
(No.  1)  of  twenty  ct-nts  l-'O.'l  per  share  was  levied  upon  the 
Capital  atoek  of  tin-  Corporation,  payable  immediately  to  the 
Secretary,  at  tla-  (iHice  of  the  Company,  Room  48,  330  Pine 
Street.  San  Francisco,  California. 

Any  stock  upon  which  this  Assessment  shall  remain  un- 
paid on  the  26th  day  of  February.  187v.  will  he  delinquent, 
and  advertised  for  sale  at  pulilic  auction;  and  unless  pay- 
uifiit  tit  made  bi't'ur.-,  will  lie  sold  on  Wednesday,  Manli  2i'th. 
1879.  to  pay  the  delinquent  assessment,  together  with  costs 
of  advertising  and  expenses  of  sale.  By  order  of  th>  Board 
of  Trustees.  OEO.  M.  CONDEE.  Seu'y. 

nitice.  Uumn  43.  3.30  Pine  Street.  San  Francisco.  California, 


Mariposa  Land  and  Mining  Company  of 

California.— Location  of  principal  place  of  business,  San 
Francisco,  California.  Location  of  works,  Mariposa  Coun- 
ty. California.      • 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Hoard  of 
Directors,  bold  on  the  tenth  day  of  Janunry.  1S79,  an  assess- 
ment (No.  15)  of  One  Dollar  per  share  was  levied  upon  the 
capital  stock  of  the  corporation,  payable  innnediatctvin  TJ.  S. 
currency  to  the  Secretary,  at  the  office  of  the  Company,  Room 
33,  Nevada  Block.  No.  30'J  Montgomery  St.,  Sao  Francisco. 
Cal..  or  the  Assistant  Secretary  at  the  office  No.  9  Nassau 
St..  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Any  stock  upon  which  this  assessment  shall  remain  unpaid 
the  twelfth  day  of  February,  1879.  will  be  delinquent,  and 
advertised  for  sale  at  public  auction;  and  unless  payment  is 
made  before,  will  be  sold  on  Wednesday,  the  twelfth  day  of 
March,  1879,  to  pay  the  delinquent  assessment,  together  with 
cost  of  advertising  and  expenses  of  sale.  By  order  of  the 
Board  of  Directors.  LEANDEB  LEAVITT.  Sec'y- 

Office,  Room  33.  Nevada  Block,  No.  309  Montgomery  St., 
San  Francisce.tCol. 


Office  Wide  Awake  Prospecting  and  Min- 
ing Company.— No.  232  Sutter  Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal.. 
February  1st,  1879.  Location  of  works,  Picket-roRt,  Pinal 
County,  Arizona. 

Notice  is  hereby  given  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
.Directors,  held  ou  the  first  day  of  February,  11879,  an  assess- 
ment (No.  6)  of  four  cents  per  share  was  levied  upon  the  capi- 
tal stock  of  the  corporation,  payable  immediately  in  United 
States  gold  coin  to  the  Secretary,  at  the  office  of  the  Com- 
pany, Room  2,  No.  232  Sutter  Street,  San  Francisco.  Cal. 

Any  stock  upon  which  this  assessment  shall  remain  unpaid 
on  the  first  day  of  March,  1879.  will  be  delinquent,  and  adver- 
tised for  sale  at  public  auction,  and  unless  payment  i'b  made 
before,  will  be  sold  on  Saturday,  the  fifth  day  of  April,  1879, 
topay  the  delinquent  assessment,  together  with  the  cost  of 
advertising  and  the  expenses  nf  sale.  By  order  of  the  Board 
of  Directors.  C.  HILDEBEANDT,  Secretary. 


Summit    Mining   Company.— Location   of 

principal  place  of  business.    San     Francisco,     California. 

Location  of  works,  Mineral  Point  Mining  District,  Plumas 

County,  California. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Directors,  held  on  the  fourth  day  of  February,  A.  D., 
1879,  an  assessment  (No.  7)  of  rive  cents  per  share  was 
levied  upon  the  capital  stock  of  the  corporation,  payable 
immediately  in  United  States  gold  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at 
the  office  of  the  Company,  318  Pine  street,  San  Francisco. 

Any  stock  upon  which  this  assessment  shall  remain  unpaid 
on  the  eleventh  (11th)  day  of  March,  A.  D.,  1879,  will  be 
delinquent,  audadvertised  for  sale  at  public  auction,  and  un- 
less payment  is  made  before,  will  be  sold  on  the  Tuesday,  the 
eighth  day  of  April,  A,  D.,  1879,  to  pay  the  delinquent  assess- 
ment, together  with  costs  of  advertising  and  expenses  of 
sale.     By  order  of   the  Board  of  Directors. 

R.  N.  VAN  BRU  NT,  Secretary. 

Office,   Room  6,  No.  318  Pine   Street  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


/Ijnfeejnept?. 


BALDWIN'S   THEATER. 

THOMAS  MAGUIRE Manager. 

F.  Ltster Acting  Manager. 

Chas.  IT.  Goodwin Treasurer. 

J.  P.  Chapman Assistant  Treasurer. 

Open    Every    Evening:    with     the    Regular 
Company. 

Comer  Market  and  Powell  Streets.  Open  every 
evening  and  Saturday  matinee.     Box  office  open  daily. 

BUSH    STREET    THEATER. 

Chas.  E.  Lockb LesBce  and  Manager 

ELIZA  WEATHERSBY&  N.  C.  GOODWIN 

Open  every  evening  and  Saturday  Matinee. 

CALIFORNIA  THEATER. 

Barton  &  Lawlor Manager. 

Barton  Hill Acting  Manager. 

ANTONY    AND    CLEOPATRA, 

Bush  Street,  above  Kearny.  Open  every  evening.  Box 
office  open  from  9  A.  M.  to  10  p.  M.  Seats  may  be  secured 
six  days  in  advance. 

STANDARD    THEATER. 

M.  A.  Kennedy Sole  Lessee  and  Manager. 

RICE'S    SURPRISE    PARTY. 

Bush  Street,  above  Montgomery.  Open  every  evening. 
Seats  may  be  secured  six  days  in  advance. 


L  OBTA 

latent?  H 


OBTAINED  IN  TJ.  S.  AND  FOREIGN 
COUNTRIES;  trademarks,  labels  and  copy- 
-*<-■"+<•  registered  through  DEWEY  &  CO.  S 

no   and    Scientific    Press  Patent 

Asency,  San  Francisco.  Send  for  free-circular 


FAVORABLE    LOCATION, 
GUARANTEEING 

Sure  Crops  Every   Year. 

The  Eeading  Ranch, 

In  the  Upper  Sacramento  Valley,  originally  em- 
bracing over  26,000  acres  of 
Choice  Grain,  Orchard  and  Pas'ureLand, 

Ie   now   offered   for  sale  at  low  prices  and  on 
favorable  terms  of  payment, 

In  Sub-Divisions  to  Suit  Purchasers. 

The  ranch  was  selected  at  an  early  day  by 
Major  P.  B.  Reading,  one  of  the  largest  pioneer 
and  owners  in  California.  It  is  situated  on 
the  west  side  of  the  Sacramento  River  and  ex- 
tends some  "20  miles  along  its  bank. 

The  average  rainfall  is  about  30  inches  per 
annum,  and  crops  have  never  been  known  to 
fail  from  drouth. 

The  climate  is  very  healthful  and  compar- 
tively  desirable.  The  near  proximity  of  high 
mountain  peaks  gives  cool  nights  during  the 
"  heated  terms  "  which  occur  in  our  California 


summers. 


Soft  well  water — remarkably  sweet,  pure  and 
healthy — is  obtainable  at  a  depth  of  from  15  to 
35  feet. 

Wood  is  plentiful  and  easy  to  get. 

Figs,  Grapes,  Peaches,  Prunes,  Almonds,  En- 
glish Walnuts.  Oranges  and  other  temperate 
and  semi-tropical  fruits  can  be  raised  with  suc- 
cess on  most  of  the  tract.  Also,  Vegetables, 
Corn  and  all  other  cereals  ordinarily  grown  in 
the  State. 

A  considerable  amount  of  the  rich  bottom 
land  has  already  been  cultivated. 

Deep  Soil  With  Lasting  Qualities. 

The  soil  throughout  the  tilled  portions  of  the 
ranch  proves  to  be  of  great  depth  and  enduring 
in  its  good  qualities.*  It  is  quite  free  from  foul 
growths.  The  virgin  soil  among  the  large  oak 
trees  on  the  bottom  land  is  easily  broken  up 
and  cultivated. 

The  California  and  Oregon  railroad  traverses 
nearly  the  entire  length  of  the  tract.  There 
are  several  sections,  stations  and  switches,  be- 
sides depots  at  the  towns  of  Anderson  and 
Reading — all  of  which  are  located  within  the 
limits  of  the  ranch. 

Land  suitable  for  settlers  in  colonies  can  be 
obtained  on  good  terms. 

Are  offered  for  sale  in  Reading,  situated  on  the 
Sacramento  River,  at  the  present  terminus  of 
the  railroad.  It  is  the  converging  and  distrib- 
uting point  for  large,  prosperous  mining  and 
agricultural  districts  in  Northern  California  and 
Southern  Oregon.  Also,  lots  in  the  town  of 
Anderson,  situated  more  centrally  on  the 
ranch.  Lots  in  both  these  towns  are  offered 
at  a  bargain,  for  the  purpose  of  building  up  the 
towns  and  facilitating  settlement  of  the  ranch. 

Purchasers  are  invited  to  come  and  see  the 
lands  before  buying  here  or  elsewhere.  Apply 
on  the  ranch,  to  the  proprietor, 

EDWARD  PRISBIE, 
Anderson,  Shasta  Co.,  Cal. 

~    -J'BERRr&PLACE 

At  the  Old  Stand,  Market,  head  of  Front  Street,  S.  F. 


Mining     Books. 

Orders  for  agricultural  and  scientific  books  in  general 
i-ill  be  supplied  through  this  office  at  published  rates. 


94 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[February  8,   1879. 


Iron  ajid  (Aachipe  M$. 


GEORGE  W.  PBESOOTT. 


IRVING  M.  SCOTT. 


H.  T.  SCOTT. 


THOS.  PENDERGAST.  HENRY  S.  SMITH. 

/ETNA   IRON    WORKS, 

MANUFACTURERS  OF 

IRON  CASTINGS 

and      MACHINERY 

OF  ALL  KINDS.       , 
Fremont  Street,  Bet.  Howard  and  Folsom, 
SAN    FRANCISCO. 

SACRAMENTO  BOILER   WORKS, 

214  &  216  BE  ALB  St.,  (rear  of  ..Etna  Foundry) 

J.  V.  HALL, 

PRA@TJ.CAIi    BOILER    MAKER, 

Marine,  Stationary  and  Portable  Boilers,  Smoke  Stacks, 

Hydraulic  Pipe,   Oil  or  Water  Tanks,    Ore  and 

Water  Buckets,  Gasometers,  Girders,  Bridges 

and   Iron   Ship   Building. 

ALL    KINDS    OF    SHEET    IRON    WORK. 

Repairing    promptly    attended    to    at    the 
lowest   possible   terms. 

UNION  IRON  WORKS, 

SACRAMENTO,    CAL. 
ROOT,    NBILSON    &    CO., 

MANUFACTURERS  OF 

STEAM  ENGINES,  BOILERS  AND  ALL 

Kinds  of  Machinery  for  miming   Purposes. 

Flouring  Mills',  Saw  Mills'  and   Quartz  Mills'  Machinery 

constructed,   fitted  up  and  repaired. 

Front  Street,  Between  N  and  O  Streets, 

SACRAMENTO,     CAL. 


PHELPS 
MANUFACTURING    COMPANY 

Manufacturers  of  all  kinds  of 

Wharf  and  Bridge  Bolts,    Railroad  Trestle 

Work,   Car  Frames  and  Bolts,  Machine 

Bolts,   Set  Screws    and   Tap  Bolts, 

Lag    or    Coach    Screws. 

ALL  STYLES   OF  FANCY  HEAD  BOLTS. 

HOT  AND    COLD    PRESSED    HEXAGONAL    AND 

SQUARE    NUTS,    WASHERS,    BOLT    ENDS, 

TURNBUCKLES,    ETC.,    ETC. 

13, 15  and  17  Drumm  St.,  near  California, 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 


Golden  State  &  Miners  Iron  Works, 

Manufacture  Iron  Castings  and  Machinery 
of  all  Kinds  at  Greatly  Reduced  Rates. 

STEVENSON'S  PATENT 

Mold-Board  AMALGAMATORS, 
Golden  State  Pressure  Blowers. 

First  St.,  between  Howard  &  Folsom,  S.  F. 


Wm.  H.  Birch. 


JonN  Argall. 


California-   Machins   Works, 
BIRCH,    ARGALL    &.    CO., 


119  Beale  Street, 


San  Francisco. 


iETGeneral  Mechanical  Engineers  and  Machinists. 
Steam  Engines,  Flour,  (Quartz  and  Mining  Machinery. 
Sole  manufacturers  of  Brodie's  Patent  Rock  Crushers  and 
Steel-Paced  Tappits.  Steam,  Hydraulic  and  Sidewalk 
Elevators.     Repairing  promptly  attended  to. 


California    Brass    Foundry, 

No,  125  First  Street,  Opposite  Minna. 
SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 

All  kinds  of  Brass,  Composition,  Zinc,  and  Babbitt 
Metal  Castings,  Brass  Ship  Work  of  all  kinds,  Spikes 
Bheathing  Nails,  Rudder  Braces,  Hinges,  Ship  and  Steam- 
boat Bells  and  Gongs  of  superior  tone.  All  kinds  of  Cocks 
and  Valves,  Hydraulic  Pipes  and  Nozzles,  and  Hose  Coup- 
lings and  Connections  of  all  sizes  and  patterns  furnished 
with  dispatch.  U&,PR1CES  MODERATE  l£a 

J.  H.  WEED.  V.  KINGWELL. 

STEAM  ENGINES  AND  BOILERS 

Of  all  sizes— from  2  to  60-Horse  power.  Also,  Quartz 
Mills,  Mining  Pumps,  Hoisting  Machinery,  Shafting,  Iron 
Tanks,  etc.     For  sale  at  the  lowest  prices  by 

J.    HENDY,  49  and  51  Fremont  Street,  S.  F. 


THOMAS   THOMPSON. 


THORNTON  THOMPSON. 


THOMPSON    BROTHERS, 

EUREKA    FOUNDRY, 

129  and  131  Beale  St.,  between  Mission  and  Howard,  S.  F 

MAN'UFACTURKRS  OF  CASTIN08  OF  BVKRT  DESCRIPTION, 


WIND  Mil  0ne  of  the  be3t  made  m  tnis  State 
■  ■inv  iiiil.1..  forsalecheap  on  easy  terms  Ad- 
dress, W.  T„  care  of  Dewey  &  Co.,  S.  F. 


|[nion    |ron   Works. 

Office,  61  First  St.  |  Cor.  First  &  Mission  Sts.,  S.  F.  |  P.   0.    Box,   2128. 


BUILDERS     OF 


Steam,    Air   and    Hydraulic    Machinery. 

Home  Industry.— All  Work  Tested,  and  Guaranteed. 


Vertical  Engines, 

Baby  Hoists, 

Stamps, 

Horizontal  Engines, 

VENTILATING   FANS, 

Pans, 

Automatic  Cut-off  Engines, 

Hock  Breakers, 

Settlers, 

Compound  Condensing  Engines, 

Self-Feeders, 

Retorts, 

Shafting, 

Pulleys, 

Etc.  ,  Etc 

TRY    OUR    MAKE,  CHEAPEST   AND    BEST    IN    USE. 
Send  for  Late  Circulars.  PRESCOTT,  SCOTT  &  CO. 


yV  i  1 1  i  a  m      H  awkins, 

Successor  to 

Hz^-WKiinsrs  &;  ca^trbll, 

MACHINE      WORKS, 

210  and  212  Beale  Street,  bet.  Howard  and  Folsom  Sts.,    -    -    San  Francisco. 

Manufacturers    of 

IMPROVED    PORTABLE    HOISTING    ENGINES, 

For   Mining  and   Other   Purposes. 

Steam  Engines  and  all  Kinds  of  Mill  and  Mining  Machinery- 


Pacific  Rolling  Mill  Co., 

SAN    FRANCISCO,    CAL. 

MANUFACTURERS    OF 

RAILROAD  AND    MERCHANT  IRON, 

ROLLED  BEAMS,  ANGLE,  CHANNEL  AND  T  IRON,  BRIDGE  AND  MACHINE  BOLTS,  LAG  SCREWS,  NUTS 
WASHERS,  ETC.,   STEAMBOAT    SHAFTS,  CRANKS,  PISTONS,   CONNECTING    RODS,  ETC.,  ETC. 

Car  and  Locomotive  Axles  and  Frames,  and  Hammered  Iron  of  Every  Description. 

HIGHEST    PRICE    PAID    FOR    SCRAP    IRON. 

!S"  Orders  Solicited  and  Promptly  Executed.  Office,  No.  16  FIRST  STREET. 


Fulton    Iron    Works. 

Hinckley,  Spiers  &  Hayes. 

(ESTABLISHED    IN    1855.) 

Works,  Fremont  and  Howard  Sts.  |  San  Francisco,  Cal.  |  Office,  No.  213  Fremont  St. 


MANUFACTURERS    OF 


Marine  Engines  and   Boilers, 

Propeller  Engines  either  High  Pressure  or  Com- 
pound Stern  or  Side  Wheel  Engines. 

Mining   Machinery. 

Hoisting  Engines  and  Works,  Cages,  Ore  Buckets,  Ore 
Cars,  Pumping  Engines  and  Pumps,  Water  Buckets, 
Pump  Columns,  Air  Compressors,  Air  Receivers, 
Air   Pipes. 


Pans,  Settlers,  Furnaces,  Retorts,  Concentrators,  Ore 
Feeders,  Rock  Breakers,  Furnaces  for  Reducing  Ores 
Water  Jackets,  Etc. 


Sugar  Machinery. 


Crushing  Rolls,  Clarifiers,  Vacuum   Pans,   Air  Pumps, 
Concentrators,  Bag  Filters,   Charcoal    Filters,  Blow-up 

Tanks,  Coolers  anil  Receiving  Tanks. 


Miscellaneous   Machinery. 


Mill  Machinery. 

Batteries  for  Dry  or    'Wet  Crushing,     Amalgamating 

FnninPQ     find     Rfiilprc    of  all  kinds,  either  for  use  on  Steamhoats  and  made  in  accordance  with    the 
UliyillCo     al!U     DUMcl  O    Act  of  Congress  regulating  the  same,  or  for  use  on  land.  Water  Pipe,  Pump 


Flour  Mill  Machinery,  Saw  Mill  Engines  and  Boilers, 
Dredging  Machinery,  Oil  Well  Retorts,  Powder  Mill  Ma- 
chinery, Water  Wheels. 


or  Air  Column,  Fish  Tanks  for  Salmon  Canneries  of  every  description. 
Boiler  repairs  promptly  attended  to  and  at  very  moderate  rates. 


PACIFIC    IRON    WORKS, 

First  and  Fremont  Streets,  between  Mission  and   Howard,   San   Francisco,  Cal., 
RA.NKIN,    BRATTTON    &    CO., 

Manufacturers    of 

ENGINES,  BOILERS,    MARINE    AND    STATIONARY.      PUMPING,    HOISTING,  AND    MINING    MACHINERY 

INCLUDING  BATTERIES,  AMALGAMATING  PANS  AND  SETTLERS,  CONCENTRATORS,  ORE  FEEDERS, 

CRUSHING  ROLLS  AND  ROCK  BREAKERS,     ALSO,  WATER  JACKET  SMELTING  FURNACES, 

FOR  REDUCING  LEAD,  SILVER    AND    COPPER    ORES,  QUICKSILVER    FURNACES, 

RETORTS  AND  CONDENSERS,  ROASTING  AND  CHLORIDIZING  FURNACES, 

SUGAR    MILL    MACHINERY,  WATER    WHEELS,  Etc.,   ALL    OP    THE 

LATEST  AND  MOST  IMPROVED  CONSTRUCTION. 

Agents  for  the  Allen  Engine  Governor,  Bailey  Air  Compressor,  Howell's 
Improved  "White  Furnaces,  Walker's  Compound  Steam  Pumps,  Etc. 


"Western  Iron  "Worlds, 

316     and     318     Mission     Street,     San     Francisco, 

PERRY  E  D WARDS,  Prop'r. 

Manufacturer  of  Wrought  Iron  Girders,  Trusses,   Prison   Cells.  Iron  Roofs,  Crest 
Railings,  Finials,  Fences,  Weathervanes,  Gratings,  Iron  Work  for  Models,  Etc. 

Estimates  given  and  Iron  Work  furnished  for  Buildings. 


Nickel  Plated  Railii 


nk  and  Store   Filling 


Dewey  &  Co.  {*ȣ*}  Patent  Ag'ts. 


Driving  Nails  Under  Water.— Stack's  illustrated  ad- 
vertisement appears  once  a  mouth  in  this  paper. 


Corner  Beale  and  Howard  Sts., 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 

W.  H.  TAYLOR,  Pres't.  JOSEPH  MOORE,  Sup't. 

Builders  of  Steam  Machinery 

In  all  its  Branches, 

Steamboat,  Steamship,  Land 

Engines  and  Boilers, 

HIGH  PRESSURE  OR  COMPOUND. 


STEAM  VESSELS,  of  all  kinds,  built  complete  with 
Hulls  of  Wood,  Iron  or  Composite. 

ORDINARY  ENGINES  compounded  when  ad- 
visable." 

STEAM  LAUNCHES,  Barges  and  Steam  Tugs  con- 
structed with  reference  to  the  Trade  in  which  they  are 
to  be  employed.  Speed,  tonnage  and  draft  of  water 
guaranteed. 

STEAM  BOILERS.  Particular  attention  given  to 
the  quality  of  the  material  and  workmanship,  and  none 
but  first-class  work  produced. 

SUGAR  MILLS  AND  SUGAR-MAKING 
MACHINERY  made  after  the  most  approved  plans. 
Also,  all  Boiler  Irou  Work  connected  therewith. 

WATER  PIPE,  of  Boiler  or  Sheet  Iron,  of  any  size 
made  in  suitable  lengths  for  connecting  together,  or 
sheets  rolled,  punched,  and  packed  for  shipment  ready 
to  be  riveted  on  the  ground. 

HYDRAULIC  RIVETING.  Boiler  Work  and 
Water  Pipe  made  by  this  establishment,  riveted  by 
Hydraulic  Riveting  Machinery,  that  quality  of  work 
being  far  superior  to  hand  work. 

SHIP  "WORK.  Ship  and  Steam  Capstains,  Steam 
Winches,  Air  and  Circulating  Pumps,  made  after  the 
most  approved  plans. 

PUMPS.  Direct  Acting  Pumps,  for  Irrigation  or  City 
Water  Works  purposes,  built  with  the  celebrated  Davy 
Valve  Motion,  superior  to  any  other  Pump. 


Electric  Model  &  Machine  Works 

Inventors  and    others  can  pret  .First-Class 
Work  at  Moderate  Prices. 

After  10  years  experience  with  inventions  and  other 
mechanical  work,  I  am  fully  prepared  to  execute  draw- 
ings, working-models  and  flue  machinery  of  any  descrip- 
tion to  entire  satisfaction. 

Brass  Finishing,  Pattern  Making,  Gear  Cutting,  Tele- 
graphic and  other  Electrical  Apparatus  by  competent 
workmen. 

TELEPHONES    TO    ORDER. 
F.  W.  FULLER,  415  Market  Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Main    Street    Iron    Works, 

WM.    DEACON,    PROPRIETOR. 

Nos.  131,  133  &  135  Main  St.,  San  Francisco. 

Stationary  and  Marine  Engines, 

Shafting,  Pulleys,  and  General  Machine  Work.  Jobbing 
and  repairing  done  Promptly  and  at  Lowest  Rates. 
Screw  Propellors,  Propeller  and  Steamboat  Engines. 

SAW  MILLS  and  SAW  MILL  MACHINERY. 


Market,  head  of  Front  Street,  San  Francisco. 


Steel  Castings. 

From  J  to  10,000  lbs.  weight,  true  to  pattern,  sound  and 
solid,  of  unequaled  strength,  toughness  and  durability 
An  invaluable  substitute  for  forgings  or  east-iron  requir- 
ing three-fold  strength.    Send  for  circular  and  price  list  to 

CASTINGS    CO., 

PHILADELPHIA,    PAr 


CHESTER    STEEL 
EVELINA    STREET, 


Diamond    Drill    Co. 

The  undersigned,  owners  of  LESCHOT'S  PATENT 
for  DIAMOND  POINTED  DRILLS,  now  brought  to  tho 
highest  stale  of  perfection,  arc  prepared  to  till  orders 
for  the  IMPROVED  PROSPECTING  AND  TUNNELING 
DRILLS,  with  or  without  power,  at  short  notice,  and 
at  reduced  prices.  Abundant  testimony  furnished  of 
the  great  economy  and  successful  working  of  numerous 
machines  in  operation  in  the  quartz  and  gravel  mines 
on  this  coast.  Circulars  forwarded,  and  full  infor- 
mation given  upon  application. 

A.  J.  SEVERANCE  &  CO. 
Office,  No.  320  Sansome  street,  Room  10. 


GOLD    MINE    WANTED. 

One  now  paying  more  than  expenses.    Address 

W.    S.    KEYES,    M.    E., 
No.  310  Pine  St.,  Room  42,  San  Francisco 


February  8,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


95 


A.  L.  FISH  &  CO.,  9  and  1 1  First  St.,  S.  F.,  Cal. 


BACONS  HOISTING  ENGINE. 

Especially  adapted   to   use   in   Mines,    Hotels, 

Factories,  and  Steamships,  with  Bacon's 

Safety  Stop. 


Air  Compressors 

AIR  COLUMN, 

STEAM 

PUMPS, 

UID 

Pump  Column, 

STEAM 
FIRE    ENGINES, 

Hose  Carts. 


Lathes,    Plines, 

DRILLS.  &c, 

STE1M 

IIAMME11N, 

Engine 

Governors, 


UNION  ROCK  DRILL. 


'e  guarantee  tu  raise  water  with  these  pumps  1,000  feet, 
Billgle  lift,  without  shock  or  jar  on  pumps  or  pipes. 


WINE,     CIDER,    We  otter  this  as  the  least  complicated  and 
most  durable  Rock  Drill  yet  introduced. 


Lard  Presses. 


ENGINES,    BOILERS,    QUARTZ    MILLS,    SAW    MILLS,    &c. ,    &c. 


RUSSELL'S  AMALGAMATOR. 


"FiR^iLNrcis  simzitih:  Sc  CO., 

MANUFACTURERS     OF 

THE  PATENT  CHANNEL  IRON  WHEELBARROWS, 


Patented  Juue  25th,   1878, 


SAVE    YOTTIR,    GOLD 
And    Also    SAVE    YOUR    QUICKSILVER. 

The  above  Washer  and  Amalgamator  with  new  patent  Wire  Bridge  Quicksilver  Boxes  attached,  can  be  worked 
wet  or  dry,  either  by  hand,  ateam,  horse  or  water  power,  and  is  easily  taken  apart  and  packed.  For  washing  Pulp, 
Earth,  Gravel,  Mill  Tailings  or  Black  Hand,  it  is  without  a  rival. 

Has  been  Thoroughly  Tested  and  given  Complete  Satisfaction. 

The  entiro  Lining,  Hanging  Plates,  Riffles  and  Boxes  Amalgamated 

IS    GUARANTEED    TO   SAVE    THE    FINEST    OR     FLOAT    GOLD. 

Capacity,  30  to  60  tons  per  day,  according  to  size.     For  further  particulars  apply  to 

J.  MORIZIO,  Gen'l  Agt., 

Room  24,  Safe  Deposit  Building,  Corner  Montgomery  and  California  Streets,   SAN  FRANCISCO 


SANDERSON  BROS.  &  GO.'S 

Best  Refined  Cast-Steel. 

Warranted  Most  Superior  fo"  Drills,  Hammers,  Etc. 

A  full  and   complete  stock  of  this  reliable  and  well-known 
brand  of  Steel,  for  mining  and  other  uses,  now  in  stock  and  for  sale 

At  No-  417  Market  Si,  S.  F.,   -    H.  D.  Morris,  Agent. 


San   Francisco   Pioneer   Screen   Works, 

J.  W.  QUICK,  Manufacturer, 

Several  first  premiums  received 
1  for  Quartz  Mill  Screeds,  and  Per- 
forated Sheet  Metals  of  every 
description.  1  wuuld  call  special 
attention  to  my  SLOT  CUT  and 
SLUT  PUNCHED  SOm-.I'lNS, 
I  which  are  attracting  much  at- 
I  tentiou  and  giving  universal 
I  satisfaction.  This  is  the  only 
j  establishment  on  the  coast  de- 
voted exclusively  to  the  manufac- 
ture of  Screens.  Mill  owners  using  Battery  Screens  exten- 
sively can,  contract  for  large  supplies  at  favorable  rates. 
Orders  solicited  and  promptly  attended  to. 

32  Fremont  Street,  San  Francisco. 

Prompt  and  Successful.  —Messrs.  Dewey  d-  Co:— Gei 
tlemen:  Your  Circular  letter,  12th  inst.,  informing  me  of 
successful  termination  of  my  application:  for  patent  re- 
ceived. Please  accept  thanks  for  the  prompt  and  suc- 
cessful manner  in  which  you  have  managed  this  business 
Yours  respectfully,  J.  H.  CUVANAUGU. 

Walla  Walla,  Dee.  24t 


THE     AMERICAN 


Ai)  sizes, 

and  adapted  to 

from 

3  to  500 

feet  head 


■per" 

k 


Water  Wheels 


THE  BEST  IN  THE 
WORLD  ! 

Send  for  our  Circular 
and  Prices. 

BERRY  &  PLACE. 

Market  St.,  Head  of  Front, 

San  Francisco. 


The  Strongest  Barrow  Made.  Theae  Earrows  are  made  by  Superior  Workmen,  and  of  the  best  material. 
All  sizes  kept  constantly  on  band. 

Lap-Welded  Pipe,  all  Sizes,  from  Three  to  Six  Inches.  Artesian  Well  Pipe.  Also,  Gal- 
vanized Iron  Boilers,  from  Twenty-five  to  One  Hundred  Gallons. . 

Iron  Cut,  Punched,  and  Formed  for  making  pipe  on  ground,  where  required.  All  kinds  of  tools  supplied  for 
making  pipe.  Estimates  given  when  required.  Are  prepared  for  coating  all  size  of  pipes  with  a  composition  of 
Coal  Tar  and  Asphaltum. 

Office  and  Manufactory,  130  BEALE  STREET,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


Ingersoll  Rock  Drills. 


In  use  in    the    largest    and  best 
Mines  of  the  Coast. 

HAS    AUTOMATIC  FEED. 

Has  less  Repairs. 
Is  Lighter  and  more  Easily  Ad- 
justed than  any  other  Drill. 


Our  DRY  AIR  COMPRESSORS  are  the  most  Economical  Compressors  in  the  Market 

MINERS'  HORSE-POWER. 


This  Power  is  especially  adapted  to  working  mines,  hoist 
ins  coal  or  building  material,  etc.  It  will  do  the  work  of  a 
Steam  Engine  with  one-tenth  the  expense.  One  Horse  can 
easily  hoist  over  1,000  pounds  at  a  depth  of  500  feet. 

The  Power  is  mainly  huilt  of  wrought  iron,  and  cannot  be 
affected  by  exposure.  The  hoisting-drum -la  thrown  out  of 
gear  by  the  lever,  white  the  load  is  held  in  place  with  a  brako 
by  the  man  tending  bucket.  The  frame  of  the  Power  is 
bolted  to  bed-timbers,  thus  avoiding  all  frame  work.  When 
required  these  Powers  are  made  in  sections  for  packing. 


REYNOLDS,    RiX   &   CO.,  18  &  20   Fremont  St.,  San  Francisco. 


D.  F.  HUTCHINGS. 


1).  M.  DUNNE. 


J.  SANDERSON 


ZPZBZCEILSrilX    OIL     "WOIRIrSIS, 

HUTCHINGS     &     CO., 

L    and    CO§ViM9SS!OEti    MERCHANTS, 

Manufacturers  and  Dealersin  Sperm,  Whale,  Lard,  Machinery  and  Illuminating  Oils. 
517    FRONT   STREET     SAN    FRANCISCO. 


Engraving  done  at  this  office. 


I     Take  the  Paper  that  stands  by  your 
I  terests- 


96 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[February  8,   1879. 


Mining    Machinery    Depot, 

PARKE   &   LACY,   417   Market  St. 

AIR  COMPRESSORS  and  ROCK  DRILLS. 

HOisTiira-  :e isr a- 1  unties, 

ALL  SiZES,  DOUBLE  AND  SINGLE,  WITH  SINGLE  and  DOUBLE  REELS. 

Pressure  Blowers.     Diamond  Anti-Friction  Metal.     Flexible   Shafts. 
PUMP 


And 

AIR 
COLUMN. 

BURLEIGH   ROCK   DRILL,       «*-"-"»■ 

Does  more  work  at  Less  Cost  And 

THAN  ANY  OTHER   ROCK  DRILL    LADDER 

FIRE  EWGIUES,         TruckSl 
Balbcock  Chemical  Engines, 

Hose  Carts  and  Fire  Extinguishers. 


Centrifugal  Pumps  for  Irrigating.       burleigh  air   compressor, 


DEANE'S     STEAM      PUMPS, 

VEETICAL     AND     HORIZONTAL. 


Gives  Better  Results  than  any 
Compressor  Known. 


Putnam's    Wood-Working    Machinery. 

MACHINISTS'   TOOLS. 

r 

Lathe  Chucks.     Farmers'  Battery. 

HILL'S    EXPLODERS. 
SEND    FOR  CIRCULARS. 


W.   T.   GARRATTS 

BRASS  and  BELL  FOUNDRY 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 

MANUFACTURER  AND  IMPORTER  OF  ' 

Church  and  Steamboat  BELLS  and  GONGS 
BRASS  CASTINGS  of  all  kinds. 
WATER  GATES,   GAS  GATES, 
FIRE  HYDRANTS, 

DOCK  HYDRANTS, 

GARDEN  HYDRANTS 

General  Assortment   ol    Engineers'  Findings. 

Hooker's    Patent 
Celebrated 

STEAM  PUMP 

JSThe  BeBt  and  Most 
Durable  in  u^e.  Also, 
a  variety  of  other 

PUMPS 

For  Mining  and  Farm- 
ing Purposes. 

ROOT'S  BLAST  BLOWERS, 

For  Ventilating-  Mines  and  for  Smelting  Workfl. 

HYDRAULIC    PIPES    AND     NOZZLES, 

For  Mining  Purposes. 

Garratt's    Improved    Journal    Metal. 

IMPORTER   OF 

IRON  PIPE  AND  MALLEABLE    IRON    FITTINGS. 

ALL   KISiDS   OF 

WORK  AND  COMPOSITION  NAILS, 

AT  LOWEST  RATES. 


\fig.2. 


Flsr.l 


Single  samples  will  be  mailed  from  office  for  50 
cents,  (and  upward,  according  to  size),  postpaid.  Whole- 
sale and  retail  agents  wanted. 


F.  MOORECROFT, 

Stone  Seal  Engraver. 

THURLOW    BLOCK, 

Room  38,  126  Kearny  St. ,  Cor.  Sutter.  San  Francisco. 

Coats  of  Arms,  Crests,  Monograms  and  Ma- 
sonic Inscriptions  Carefully  Engraved. 


MANUFACTURED  UNDER  A.   NOBEL'S  ORIGINAL  AND  ONLY  VALID  NITRO  GLYCERINE  PATENTS 

Nos.  ONE,    TWO    and    THREE. 
Stronger,    Better  and  Safer  than  any  other  High  Explosive. 


Judson    Powder 

IS  NOW  USED  IN  ALL  LARGE   HYDRAULIC  CLAIMS. 

It  breaks  more  ground,    pulverizes  it  better,   saves  time  and   money,    and  is    superseding     the    ordit 
powder  wherever  it  is  tried.     /J3TTripIe  Force  Caps  and  all  Grades  of  Fuse. 

BANDMANN,    NIELSEN    &    CO..  San  Francisco. 


VULCAN  BLASTING  POWDER. 


The  strongest  and 
moat  economical  ex- 
plosive in  use. 


Wherever  it  has  been  given  a  test,  it  has  surpassed  all  other  high  explosives. 

VA/nrl/e  ot    SAN  PABLO,  California,  I 

WUI  KS  dl        arjLd  RENO.  Nevada. 


tlffino      No-  123  California  Street, 
UIIIbB,  Sa.N    FRANCISCO. 


Testimonials  as  to  the  perfect 
working  of  the  Concentrator  to  he 
seen  at  the  office. 


The  FRUE  ORE  CONCENTRATOR. 

Adams  &.  Carter,  Agents. 

JOHN    M.     ADAMS.  WM.     F.    CARTER. 

MINING  AND  MECHANICAL  ENGINEERS. 

Room   7,   No.    109  California  St.,  San   Francisco.     P.  O.  Box  2,0l>8 


C.    L.   GILLEB, 
SEAL    ENGRAVER    AND    DIE    SINKER. 

No.  430  MONTGOMERY  STREET,  S.  F. 

The  beat  Work  done  on  the  moat  reasonable  terms  on 
the  Coaat. 


Fine  Engraving. 


The  Engraving  Bureau  belonging  to  the  office 
of  this  journal  is  prepared  to  design  and  engrave 
all  kinds  of  Wood  Cuts  for  illustrating  newspapers, 
books,  catalogues,  cards,  circulars,  advertise- 
ments, labels,  badges,  seals,  etc-,  in  the  best  style 
of  the  art.  Our  portraits  and  illustrations  of  ma- 
chinery, buildings  and  landscapes,  arc  superior. 
Good  engravings  can  be  made  from  paintings, 
lithographs,  steel  and  copper  plate  prints,  photo- 
graphs, models,  patent  office  or  other  drawings. 
We  have  a  photographic  department  and  the  best 
of  machinery  for  producing  accurate  and  perfect 
work  at  the  lowest  prices.  Original  maps,  charts, 
and  diagrams  are  made  by  our  New  Puoto-Relikf 
Process  at  greatly  reduced  rates.  By  the  same 
process  copies  can  be  cheaply  and  quickly  pro- 
duced of  printed  cuts,  in  fac  simile,  or  they  can 
be  enlarged  or  reduced  with  equal  facility. 

Any  hand  writing  in  perfectly  black  ink  on 
clear  white  paper  for  manuscript  letters  01  circu- 
lars, will  be  accurately  reproduced  in  metal  plates 
suitable  for  common  printing.  Also,  fac  simile 
signatures,  monograms,  sheet  music,  etc.  We 
excel  in  trade  cuts  and  matched  plates  for  combi- 
nation color  printing.  With  a  large  business,  long 
established,  and  every  facility  for  improvement, 
we  can  guarantee  more  than  ordinary  satisfaction 
to  all  of  our  patrons.  All  interested  are  invited 
to  send  for  or  call  and  see  specimens  and  obtain 
prices. 

Orders  for  electrotypes,  stereotypes,  steel  and 
copper  plates,  lithographing,  stamps  and  sea! 
presses  executed  at  low  rates. 

Thia  paper  is  printed  with  Ink  furnished  by 
Chas.  Eneu  Johnson  &  Co.,  509  South  10th 
St.,  Philadelphia  &  59  Gold  St.,  N.  Y. 


GARDNERS' 


Celebrated 


overnor 

These  Steam  Governors   have   long 
been  known  as  THE  BEST,  and 
as  lately  Improved  and  Per- 
fected, they  have  no  Rival. 

THE    SAFETY     STOP 

On  these  Governors  is  alone  worth   double   the  price  of 
the  Governor.     We  have  sold  over  six  hundred,  and 

Never  one  has  Failed. 

They  are  sold  at  the  same  price  (or  less)  as  ordinary 
Governors.    Send  for  Circular. 

BERRY   &   PLACE, 

Market,  head  of  Front  St.,  San  Francisco 


PALACE 


m 


llESTAURANl 


This  elegant  and  Bpa- 
cions  S.  I'\  Restaurant 

has  been  re-opened  with 
superior  bill  of  fare  dai- 

Good  Living  at 
Reduced  Prices 


218  Sansome  St 


ly,  and  is  now  the  best 

andmoBtpopulardinmg 

~ "^^^  saloon  on  thiB  Coast. 
fLunch  ready  at  10  A.  M.]  Resident  business  men  and  visi- 
tors from  abroad  will  be  wise  in  giving  this  place  an  early 
call.    Examine  bill  of  fare  and  prices. 

HERMAN  H.  HORST,  Prop'r. 


Dewey  &  Co.  {*J£»1  Patent  Ag'ts. 


A.  S.  HALLIDiE. 

;niaGtreetj 


Office,  No.  6  Cafi 


Iron  and  Steel  Wire  Rope, 

Flaf  and  Round,  for  Mining  hipping, 
Hoisting  and  Gjpetqntytrposes. 

Having  theXmoSt  cqrnpleto  JutSa  extensive 
Wua-fTolto  Wbrka  in  the>f  ni ted  States.  I  am 
piepajetf^maBofattnro  Wire  Rope  and  Cable) 
of  anTOengtn  or  size  at  fihort  notice,  and  guar- 
■ntee  the  quality  and  workmanship  canal  to 
any  made  at  home  or  abrj 

iron,  Steel -a^G^lvaiized  Win 

Of  allfH^ea  o\  han^or-Tnade  to  order. 


-a^d\Ga 

)  ori  hafr\or- 

Barlje^Tence  Wjre. 

Sole  Propneier.of     Y>^ 

Hallidiejs  Y^leW^Gpgway, 

Fof  thWratispoAatleCor  Ores.  Etc. 
*^SencM>r  aX!ircnIar. 

A.  S.  HAXXIDIE. 

Office.  No.  O  California  St.,  San  Francisco 
N.    W.    SPAULDING'S 


PATENT   DETACHABLE   TOOTH    SAWS, 

Manfuactory,  17  &  19  Fremont  St.,  S.  P. 

Paul's  Dry  Amalgamating 

BARREL  PROCESS. 


This  is  the  most  perfect  of  all  systems  for  amalgamating 
the  precious  metals— more  especially  gold,  for  which  it  is 
absolutely  perfect,  the  percent,  of  metal  obtainable  being 
only  governed  by  the  fineness  of  reduction  of  ore.  It  will 
gather  the  flour  gold  with  the  same  readiness  as  the 
oarse.  The  machinery  and  operation  is  simple  and  prac- 
tical—not requiring  skilled  labor.  Its  efficiency  is  verified 
by  mills  in  practical  operation.  1  w  11  contract  for  mills 
of  10,  20,  or  50-ton  capacity  per  24  hours.  Pamphlets,  ex- 
plaining the  process  more  fully,  forwarded  on  receipt  of 
address.     For  further  particulars  apply  to 

ALMARIN    B.    PAUL. 
Room  20,  Safe  Deposit  Building,  San  Francisco. 


(t^-"  AND       "A  _-~T"'-tfj$pf]f|^ 


Afl    lllusfra 


&®km® 


BY    I>EWEY    A    CO., 

3Piit>ll«tier*i. 


SAN  FRANCISCO,  SATURDAY,  FEBRUARY  15,  1879. 


VOLUME    XXXVUI 

Number    »?. 


Smyth's  Tree  Feller. 

Win.  H.  Sniyth,  of  this  city,  has  recently 
patented  through  tho  Mining  and  Scientific 
PKJBS  Patent  Agency,  an  improved  portable 
aawiug  machine  and  tree  ieller,  the  application 
of  which  is  shown  in  the  engravings  on  this 
page.  The  machiue  is  intended  not  only  to  cut 
down  trees,  but  also  to  reduce  the  felled  logs  to 
convenient  lengths  for  any  purpose  desired. 

The  reciprocating  saw  has  a  connecting  rod 
uniting  it  with  a  cross  head  moving  upon  or 
between  suitable  guides.  These  guides  are 
loosely  united  at  the  rear  end  with  the  driving 
axle,  so  that  they  move  about  it  as  a  center  as 
the  saw  makes  its  cut.  The  driving  crank  is 
formed  on  this  axle  between  the  guides  and  is 
connected  with  the  cross  head  by  a  connecting 
rod  or  pitman.  In  connection  with  the  device 
a  simple  but  novel  feeding  apparatus  is  used 
which  operates  to  feed  the  saw  forward  into  the 
cut  at  each  revolution  of  the  crank  and  recip- 
rocation of  the  saw.  The  whole  is  mounted  on 
a  frame  and  provided  with 
holding  clamps  or  dogs  so  that 
it  may  easily  be  attached  to 
tho  tree  or  log  in  desired  posi- 
tion to  cut  either  horizontal!}' 
or  vertically.  The  mechanism 
is  adjustably  connected  with 
the  driving  power  so  as  to  be 
moved  from  one  tree  or  point 
to  another  without  disturbing 
the  power. 

The  dogs  hold  the  carriage 
firmly  to  the  tree  or  log,  when 
they  are  driven  into  the  wood, 
so  there  is  no  motion  to  the 
carriage  or  frame.  When  the 
apparatus  is  used  on  fallen  logs 
the  short  arms  or  dogs  are 
secured  below  and  the  larger 
ones  on  top. 

The  power  is  applied  to  this 
machine  preferably  by  a  chain 
or  rope  passing  over  a  pulley 
from  the  power  wheel.  The 
power  may  be  derived  from  an 
engine,  horse  or  other  con- 
venient source,  and  may  be 
connected  over  uneven  ground 
by  tumbling  rods,  thereby  en- 
abling the  machine  to  cut  all 
the  trees  or  logs  inside  of  a 
circle  of  say  150  feet,  without 
moving  the  power.  The  ap- 
plication of  the  power  is  plain- 
ly shown  in  the  engraving. 

The  saw  is  only  fed  on  the 
back  stroke,  and  the  feed  is 
variable,  suitable  arrangements 
being  made  for  regulating  it  at 
will. 

The  feeding  of  the  saw  is  ac- 
complished by  two  inclined 
bars  or  plates  ou  the  saw  bar 
which  are  raised  or  lowered  by  means  of  thumb 
screws.  These  inclined  bars  operate  two  rack 
bars  which  in  turn  move  two  worm  gears  which 
engage  with  the  teeth  on  the  segment,  causing 
the  guide  bars  and  saw  to  move  the  required 
distance  for  proper  feed.  By  bringing  the  in- 
clined bars  closer  together  or  farther  apart  the 
.  amount  of  feed  is  regulated  with  great  nicety; 
and  once  set  the  feed  will  remain  the  same  and 
be  automatic. 

This  device  is  able  to  cut  the  trees  so  close  to 
the  ground  that  a  header  can  pass  over  the 
stumps.  In  fact  it  can  cut  even  with  the  sur- 
face or  below  it,  if  desired.  Half  a  dozen  or 
more  saws  can  be  run  from  the  same  central 
power,  provided  there  is  power  enough. 

It  will  be  seen  that  when  it  is  necessary  to 
cut  a  long  fallen  tree  into  sections  or  short 
logs,  the  driving  wheel  can  be  slid  along 
the  shaft  to  the  extent  of  the  frame  where  a 
blank  tumbling  rod  may  be  inserted,  thereby 
moving  the  frame  the  length  of  the  rod.  By 
adding  other  lengths  the  carriage  may  be  car- 
ried the  whole  length  of  a  large  tree  without 
having  to  change  or  move  the  power. 

This  whole  machine  only  weighs  150  pounds, 
and  two  men  can  move  it  about  with  ease.  One 
of  the  machines  can  be  easily  run  with  a  single 
horse-power,  and  the  labor  of  felling  and  saw- 


ing trees  performed  by  horse  iustead  of  man- 
power. The  saw  runs  at  a  speed  of  about  125 
strokes  per  minute,  and  can  therefore  do  great 
execution.  Trees  eight  feet  in  diameter  have 
been  sawed  with  the  machine  without  difficulty. 

In  pine  and  redwood  timber  this  will  do  very 
good  work,  and  men  furnishing  logs  to  .mills 
ou  contract  will  it  of  find  the  greatest  ability. 
In  cutting  logs  for  mines,  and  getting  out  rail- 
road fuel,  its  use  will  be  a  great  saving. 

The  inventor,  Mr.  William  H.  Smyth,  can  be 
addressed  P.  0.  box  1308,  this  city,  for  further 
information. 

The  Deep  Mines  of  the  World. — In  reply 
to  the  letter  of  Mr.  H.  Musgrove  and  others, 
Lake  City,  Colorado,  inquiring  as  to  the  depth  of 
tho  deepest  mine  now  being  worked  in  the 
world,  we  may  say,  this  distinction  probably 
belongs  to  the  Adalbert  mine,  Austria,  in  which 
the  workings  are  probably  carried  on  through  a 
perpendicular  shaft  1,000  meters — 3,280  feet 
deep.  This  is  a  lead-silver  mine,  and  has  been 
worked  many  years.  The  next  deepest  mine 
on  the  continent  of  Europe  is  the  Viviers  coal 
mine  in  Belgium,  2,847  feet   deep.     This  mine 


Earthquakes  Here  and  Elsewhere. 

The  old,  commonly  accepted  opinion  that 
earthquakes  were  confined  to  the  Pacific  coast 
of  the  United  States  is  fast  becoming  changed, 
on  account  of  frequent  ocourreDce  of  similar 
disturbances  in  other  parts  of  the  country.  The 
Pacific  coast,  in  fact,  has  for  over  10  years  been 
free  from  all  but  the  slightest  shocks,  while  it 
is  noticeable  that  the  heavier  Eastern  earth- 
quakes date  from  that  time  to  the  present. 
The  last,  that  of  Nov.  18th,  1878,  occurred  in 
the  Mississippi  valley,  and  traveled  over  an 
area  of  fully  150,000  square  miles.  According 
to  Prof.  Nipher's  report  to  the  St.  Louis  Acad- 
emy of  Science,  the  region  disturbed  forms  an 
ellipse,  the  major  axis  of  which  extends  from 
Leavenworth,  Kansas,  to  Tuscaloosa,  Ala.,  a 
distance  of  over  600  miles.  The  minor  axis  ex- 
tends from  near  Clarksville,  Ark.,  to  a  point 
midway  between  Cairo,  111.,  and  St.  Louis,  a 
distance  of  300  miles.  How  far  south  the  dis- 
turbance extended  has  not  been  determined 
with  accuracy. 

From  Cairo  to  Memphis,  along  the  Missis- 


SMYTH'S  .  TREE    FELLING    AND    LOG    SAWING    MACHINE. 


was  explored  to  a  depth  of  3,586  feet,  but  no 
coal  having  been  found,  all  below  the  2,847 
level  has  since  been  abandoned.  The  Dunkirk 
colliery,  Lancashire,  England,  has  been  opened 
to  a  depth  of  2,824  feet,  and  the  RoBebridge 
colliery,  same  locality,  to  a  depth  of  2,458  feet, 
these  being  the  deepest  mines  yet  opened  in 
Great  Britain.  The  Yellow  Jacket  is  the  deep- 
est mine  opened  on  the  Comstock  lode,  its  low- 
est level  being  now  about  2,500  feet  below  the 
surface  at  the  mouth  of  the  main  shaft,  and 
2,933  feet  below  the  Gould  &  Curry  croppings, 
the  datum  line  for  the  Comstock  mines.  The 
Savage,  we  believe,  stands  second  on  the  list, 
and  the  Imperial  third,  both  of  these  mines 
being  very  nearly  as  deep  as  the  Yellow  Jacket. 
We  hope  soon  to  be  able  to  give  these  figures 
with  exactness,  adding  some  further  data  rela- 
tive to  the  deep  explorations  now  in  progress  on 
the  Comstock,  with  perhaps  also  fuller  informa- 
tion in  regard  to  the  deep  mines  of  Great  Britain 
and  Europe,  their  history,  production,  etc. 


Citizens  of  Omaha  and  vicinity  have  shipped 
a  car-load  of  flour  to  Glasgow,  Scotland,  for  the 
relief  of  the  unemployed  and  distressed  in  that 
city.  Free  transportation  was  furnished  to 
Now  York  by  the  railroad,  and  by  the  Anchor 
line  steamships  thence  to  Scotland. 


sippi,  the  action  was  most  severe  and  heavy. 
Here  the  movement  of  the  walls  of  buildings 
was  plainly  perceptible,  and  the  creaking  of  the 
joints  of  strong  frame  houses  distinctly  heard. 
At  Ironton  the  shock  was  less  severe,  though 
owners  of  brick  houses  found  some  cause  for 
alarm.  Between  Glasgow  and  Lexington,  on 
the  Missouri,  the  shock  was  intense  enough  to 
awaken  many  people,  who  thought  that  a  heavy 
wind-storm  was  in  progress  The  shock  was 
first  felt  at  Glasgow,  at  11:23  P.  m.  (St.  Louis 
time).  It  traveled  rapidly  along  the  axis  of 
the  ellipse,  reaching  Cairo  at  1J:48  and 
Memphis  at  11:50.  Up  the  river  it  gradually 
became  less  violent.  It  was  perceptible  at 
Little  Rock,  Ark.,  though  at  Clarksville,  35 
miles  above,  it  had  become  too  faint  to  be  per- 
ceived. 

The.  Way  it  Goes. — In  Jones  county,  Iowa, 
two  farmers  had  a  quarrel  about  14  fence  rails, 
alleged  to  he  worth  $1.40.  They  hired  two 
lawyers  and  went  to  law,  hammer  and  tongs. 
After  a  long  contest  the  plaintiff  got  a  verdict 
of  one  cent,  the  cost  to  the  county  was  $60  and 
the  lawyers  had  pocketed  $324.  The  farmers 
then  elected  the  lawyers  to  the  Legislature. 


Mining  and  Farming. 

As  this  country  is  likely  soon  to  receive  a  con- 
siderable immigration  from  Europe,  and  there 
are  already  a  good  many  men  in  the  Eastern 
States  out  of  employment,  it  may  be  weU  to  say 
to  these  various  classes  of  laborers  that  the 
mining  regions  west  of  the  Rocky  Mountains 
are  far  from  being  crowded.  To  the  right  kind 
of  men — the  hardy,  resolute  and  industrious — 
there  are  excellent  chances  for  getting  ahead  in 
every  one  of  the  Pacific  States  and  Territories. 
It  is  rather  a  rough  field,  but  one  full  of  good 
opportunities  to  those  qualified  to  make  them 
thoroughly  available.  As  a  pursuit,  mining  is 
not,like  farming,  one  that  can  be  easily  crowded, 
nor  is  it  one  that  is  ever  without  a  remunera- 
tive market  for  its  products.  With  gold  and 
silver  there  occurs  neither  glut  nor  depreciation  of 
price.  "Mining,"says  the  Auburn  Argus,  "is  the 
only  field  not  yet  in  great  part  explored,  the 
only  one  the  product  of  which  conflicts  with 
the  interest  of  no  man,  but  rather,  as  it  makes  the 
world  richer,  enhances  the  wel- 
fare of  all  the  world."  It  is 
mining,  certainly,  that  has 
chiefly  given  wealth  and  prom- 
inence to  this  coast.  This  in- 
dustry is  not  now  the  mere 
hazard  of  30  years  ago.  It  baa 
become  a  science  among  us, 
and  we  can  predict  with  much 
certainty  what  the  profit  on 
the  operations  will  be. 

This  field  is  limitless,  and 
every  blast  that  is  tamped, 
every  shovel  of  gravel  that  is 
lifted,  aids  the  farmer  and  the 
mechanic  hundreds  of  miles 
away,  for  it  opens  to  them  a 
market  for  their  products  and 
labor. 

In  view  of  the  aid  this  in- 
dustry affords  all  others,  the 
Government  should  open  cheap 
communication  with  the  mines. 
Rich  men  everywhere  should 
turn  to  them  and  make  work 
for  those  who  need  it.  Our 
Legislature  should  adopt  a 
broad,  liberal  policy  with  re- 
spect to  our  mines.  They  must 
protect  the  capitalists  from  the 
people,  and  the  people  from 
the  capitalists.  The  capitalists 
— for  unless  laws  are  passed 
freeing  the  miner  from  ruinous 
taxation  and  capricious  inter- 
ference capitalists  will  not  in- 
vest their  money  either  for 
working  old  or  for  opening  up 
new  ground. 

The  laborers  otherwise  will 
be  ground  down  by  the 
power  and  speculations  of 
wealth.  But  recognizing 
!  all  these  things,  and  also  that  it  is 
through  speculation,  and  not  the  actual  work- 
ing and  development  of  the  mines,  that  money 
is  lost  as  it  has  been  in  the  Comstock  and  many 
other  great  mines,  [legislators  will  see  that  this 
is  the  most  plausible,  if  not  the  only  solution  of 
the  social  problem,  and  use  their  power  toward 
making  laws  which  will  recognize  mining  as  the 
first  industry  of  the  State  and  coast;  that  with N 
mining  prosperous,  all  other  industries  will 
flourish,  and  that  in  stimulating  and  acceler- 
ating the  growth  of  mining  they  are  indirectly 
contributing  to  the  welfare  of  every  department 
of  business. 

The  "Agricultural  Report, "  just  issued,  gives 
the  average  price  of  the  cotton  crop  for  the 
whole  country  at  8|  cents  per  pound.  Value  of 
the  orop  for  1878,  $194,700,000.  Average  price 
of  tobacco,  5,  6  and  10  cents  per  pound.  Total 
crop  for  1S78,  estimated  at  393,000,000  pounds, 
worth  $22,000,000. 


Coal  oil  has  been  discovered  near  Yreka. 


"Red"  Frank  Wheeler,  a  jovial,  popular 
man,  well  known  on  the  Comstock  and  through- 
out most  of  the  mining' camps  in  Nevada,  ia 
dead. 


98 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS 


[February  15,   1879. 


CORRESPONDENCE. 


Wo  admit,  unendorsed,  opinions  of  correspondents.— Eds. 

Steam  Plowing  Again. 

Editors  Press: — ObserviDg  a  letter  in  the 
Press  of  February  1st,  1S79,  from  a  "subscri- 
ber," in  relation  to  steam  plowing,  I  can  in- 
form him  from  a  very  extended  experience  that 
an  engine  for  plowing,  which  would  only  weigh 
2,500  pounds,  would  not  be  an  economical  ma- 
chine, and  would  not  do  the  work  which  he  es- 
timates. Our  plowing  traction  engine  weighed 
near  eleven  tons,  and  instead  of  sinking  in  land 
fit  to  plow,  it  plowed  land  nine  inches  deep  and 
turned  and  run  back  on  the  plowed  land.  On 
Haggin  &  Carr's  ranch  in  Kern  county,  we 
plowed  three  acres  an  hour  continuously  for 
days  in  the  sandy  loam  of  that  region.  We 
used  12  12-inch  plows  in  one  gang,  tearing  up  a 
width  of  13  feet  of  new  ground,  with  one  en- 
gineer, one  fireman,  and  one  plowman  or  man  to 
look  after  the  plows.  Oliver  Hyde. 

Vallejo,  Cal.,  Feb. 


The  Gone-bearers,  or.  Evergreen  Trees  of 
California— No.  4. 

[Written  for  the  Press  by  J.  G.  Lbmmon.] 

Fir  and  Tamarack, 

The  last  paper  discussed  the  spruce  family, 
closely  allied  to  the  fir,  with  which,  as  shown, 
it  has  often  been  united  or  more  or  less  con- 
founded. But  the  distinctions  are  there  given 
with  Dr.  Engelmann's  auf  clarung  of  the  whole 
matter.  It  remains  now  for  us  to  correct  our 
vernacular  and  to  apply  the  colloquial  names  to 
the  proper  trees. 

Fir  Family. 

The  firs  have  generally  a  very  symmetrical, 
conical  or  fusiform  outline,  the  limbs  or  whorls 
like  immense  fans,  form  horizontal  strata  in  a 
diminishing  series  to  the  top.  Timber  soft  and 
generally  worthless.  The  cones  borne  by  the 
uppermost  limbs  are  upright,  of  numerous  close- 
set  scales  and  bracts,  which  fall  away  at 
maturity,  leaving  the  core,  or  rachis,  standing. 
Leaves  of  lower  limbs  in  two  ranks  ;  six  species 
in  California.  The  generic  name,  Abies,  is  a 
corruption  of  '  'apios, "  a  pear. 

1.  Abies  sub-alpina,  Engel.,  variety,  fallax 
Engel.,  the  "Picea  amabilis,"  probably,  of 
Douglas;  the  "Pumpkin  Pine"  of  Oregon 
Cascades,  and  probably  reaching  down  to  Cali- 
fornia j  trees  60  to  100  feet  high  ;  timber  very 
soft;  worthless;  bark  thin,  pale,  smooth;  cones 
elliptical,  oblate,  six  incheslong;  leaves  glaucous- 
green,  two  inches  long,  notched  on  the  lower 
sterile  branches,  pointed  on  the  fertile. 

2.  Abies  nobilis,  Doug.,  "Red  Silver  fir"  of 
the  Shasta  region.  Stately  trees  200  feet  high ; 
timber  harder,  valuable  ;  bark  thick,  cinnamon 
brown  or  reddish ;  cones  elliptical,  oblate,  six 
to  eight  inches  long  ;  bracts  protruding  one 
inch  and  curved  downward,  clothing  the  cone 
with  a  beautiful  mantle. 

3.  Abies  magnified,  Murray,  "Red  Silver  fir" 
of  the  Sierra ;  "Picea  amaHUs"  of  botanists  and 
collectors.  This  magnificent  Queen  of  the 
Sierras,  at  altitudes  of  7,000  to  10,000  feet 
generally    attains  to  150   to  200  feet,  with   a 

'  diameter  of  5  to  8  feet ;  often  much  loftier  and 
from  10  to  14  feet  in  diameter.  Timber  valu- 
able ;  bark  very  thick,  and  reddish  within ; 
cones  elliptical,  oblate,  6  to  8  inches  long;  bracts 
concealed ;  leaves  all  pointed,  not  twisted  at 
base  ;  striped  beneath  with  four  white  silvery 
lines ;  hence  the  vernacular  name  of  '  'Silver 
fir."  The  color  of  the  bark  when  cut  gives  it 
the  name  of  "Red  fir."  Travelers  aver  that  no 
fir  on  the  globe  exceeds  this  California  species 
in  magnificance  and  symmetry.  One  has  but  to 
visit  a  grove  of  these  stately  trees  on  high  pla- 
teaus of  the  Sierra — notably  near  Webber  lake — 
to  receive  impressions  of  majesty,  grace  and 
perfection  that  will  serve  for  mental  enjoyment 
through  life, 

4.  Abies  grandis,  Doug.  "White  Silver  fir" 
of  the  northern  coast  region.  A  very  tall  tree, 
200  to  300  feet  high,  hut  seldom  over  four  feet 
in  diameter.  Timber,  white,  soft  and  coarse; 
bark,  smooth  and  grayish;  cones,  cylindrical 
and  two  to  four  inches  long;  leaves,  glossy 
green,  marked  beneath  with  two  silvery  lines, 
strongly  grooved  above  and  aotched  at  apex, 
and  one  to  two  inches  long. 

5.  Abies  concolor,  Engel.  "White  fir;"  com- 
mon on  the  Rocky  mountains,  from  the  higher 
peaks  of  Mexico  to  Alaska,  and  throughout  the 
Sierra  at  elevations  of  3,000  to  7,000  feet. 
This  stately  tree  yields  only  to  Abies  magnifica 
in  stateliness  and  symmetry  when  young,  and 
becomes  still  less  striking  in  age.  Timber  less 
valuable,  being  softer  and  also  scentless;  is 
prized  for  butter  boxes,  meat  barrels,  etc.; 
bark,  ashy  gray  outside,  darker  within  and 
deeply  fissured  in  old  trees;  cones,  cylindrical 
and  two  to  four  inches  long;  leaves,  longer  than 
the  preceding,  two  to  three  inches,  twisted  at 
base  half  way  round  and  mostly  blunt.  This 
species  has  been  generally  mistaken  for  Abies 
grandis. 

6.  Abies  bracleata,  Doug.  "Bracted  fir"  of  a 
limited  region  on  the  Santa  Lucia  mountains  in 
Monterey  county.  A  little  known  tree,  said  to 
be  "steeple -shaped,  100  to  120  feet  high,  with  a 
diameter  of  two  to  four  feet,  unsurpassed  in  all 
the  merits  that  the  most  appreciative  could  de- 
sire." Cones,  elliptical,  oblate,  three  inches 
long,  of  few  appressed,  smooth,  glaucous  scales, 


between  which  protrude  one  to  two  inches  of 
the  mid-ribs  of  the  bracts,  curving  upward  so 
as  to  vail  the  cone  from  sight  and  reminding  of 
teasel  burs;  leaves,  two  inches  long,  flat,  rigid, 
acute  linear-lanceolate,  of  firm  texture  and 
twisted  at  base  half  way  round. 
"Poor  Amabilis." 

This  concludes  the  list  of  firs  to  be  met  with 
in  California.  It  will  be  noticed  that  no  spe- 
cies is  here  described  under  the  Douglasian 
name  of  Amabilis.  Alas,  poor  Amabilis  !  The 
'  'lovely  fir"  of  Douglas  has  had  a  fearful  tossing 
about  for  45  years,  and  now  is  boldly  dropped 
altogether,  as  being  the  best  way  to  end  the 
confusion  caused  by  the  paucity  of  the  material 
gathered — only  a  few  leaves  and  one  cone  (since 
lost) — by  the  venerable  botanist  and  collector, 
David  Douglas,  who,  after  sending  his  collec- 
tions home,  met  with  a  violent  death  on  the 
Sandwich  Islands. 

There  is  still  much  uncertainty  and  discus- 
sion relative  to  the  firs.  The  late  visit  of 
Hooker  and  Gray  to  California  enabled  these 
great  masters  to  collect  and  compare  much  data, 
upon  which  they  will  soon  report. 

They  now' think  that  connecting  forms  may 
show  the  union  of  A.  nobilis  and  A.  magnifica 
in  one  species,  which  must  bear  the  name  of 
nobilis,  of  which  magnifica  would  be  the  south- 
ern, short-bracted  variety. 

Tamarack  Family. 

The  fourth  and  last  genus  of  the  tribe 
Abietinai  is  but  sparsely  represented  in  Califor- 
nia, barely  reaching  the  northern  limit  from 
Oregon,  where  it  is  very  abundant.  Plainly 
distinguished  by  its  leaves,  being  deciduous 
(falling  annually),  slender,  short,  and  in  fas- 
cicles of  2  to  20  on  the  ends  of  yearling 
branches.  Two  species  in  California.  The 
scientific  name  Larix  is  an  old  Greek  word  ap- 
plied to  this  tree,  corrupted  by  the  English 
into  "Larch."     Cones  small,  depending. 

1.  Larix  accidentalis,  Nutt.  "Western  tam- 
arack;" on  the  high  plateaus  of  the  Coast  range 
of  Oregon;  often  250  feet  high  and  five  feet  in 
diameter;  frequently  200  feet  to  the  lowest 
limbs;  free  to  split  and  very  strong  and  durable, 
hence  highly  prized. 

2.  Larix  Lyallii,  Parle.  "Lyall's  larch"  of 
the  Cascade  mountains  of  Oregon;  but  little 
known. 

This  concludes  the  description  of  the  four 
principal  genera  of  the  conifers,  comprising  the 
most  of  our  California  forests. 

[To  be  Continued.] 


Boiler  Incrustations. 

[Written  for  the  Press  by  R.  Grimsiiaw.] 

One  of  the  principal  troubles  in  engineering 
practice  is  the  deposits  of  mineral  incrustations 
on  the  walls  of  boilers.  The  matters  forming 
these  scales  are  generally  limey  salts,  such  as 
carbonate  or  sulphate  of  lime,  which  are  less 
soluble  in  hot  water  than  in  cold.  Thus  water 
at  20°  C.  (68°  F. )  dissolves  a  little  less  than  one- 
quarter  per  cent,  of  its  weight  of  sulphate  of 
lime;  while  at  100°  C.  (212°  F.)  it  takes  up  a  little 
less  than  5-23%;  that  is,  1-30%  less  than  at  20° 
C.  It  results  then  that  when  water  charged 
with  sulphate  of  lime  is  heated  from  20°  to  200° 
C,  it  must  deposit  1-30%  of  its  weight  of  this 
salt;  that  is,  one  pound  for  every  3,000  pounds 
of  water.  If  the  water  is  not  only  heated  to 
100°  C,  but  evaporated  at  100°  C,  it  must  de 
posit  all  the  lime  it  contains;  that  is,  one-quar 
ter  of  a  pound  of  scale  for  each  100  pounds  of 
water,  or  one  pound  for  every  400  pounds  of 
water. 

Now  as  a  square  meter  of  heating  surface 
evaporates  20  kilograms  of  water  per  hour,  and 
as  the  deposits  are  generally  on  the  heating 
surface  only,  it  follows  that  each  square  meter 
ought  to  have  1-20  kilog.  per  hour  (or  18  kilog. 
per  month)  deposited  on  it,  making  a  scale 
about  8  mm.  thick. 

It  is  useless  to  repeat  how  much  a  stony 
lining  8  mm.  thick  will  lessen  the  conductive 
power  of  a  plate  and  thus  waste  fuel,  retard 
steaming  and  burn  the  sheet. 

This  deposit  of  carbonate  of  lime  is  generally 
because  this  salt  is  only  soluble  in  water  con- 
taining carbonic  acid  gas.  "Boiling  out"  this 
gas  causes  the  water  to  drop  the  carbonate. 

There  are  any  number  of  processes  to  com 
bat  boiler  incrustation.  Most  of  them,  de 
clared  infallible  by  their  inventors  or  discover- 
ers, present  beside  their  advantages  so  many 
objections  that  the  remedy  is  frequently  worse 
than  the  disease — as  where  the  engines  are 
ruined  by  foreign  matter  carried  over  by 
the  steam,  or  the  plates  corroded  by  their 
action.  The  details  of  the  behavior  of  almost 
every  substance  tested,  may  be  found  in  Van 
den  Corput's  memoirs,  in  vol.  xxxi.  of  the 
Bulletin  du  Musee  de  V  Industrie;  we  shall  solely 
generalize  here. 

Their  action  is  either  mechanical,  physical 
or  chemical.  Those  which  act  mechanically 
tend  to  cause  the  deposits  to  move  so  as  not  to 
adhere.  Of  these  we  may  name  pebbles,  me- 
tallic balls,  spun  glass,  etc.,  all  proposed  to  be 
put  in  the  bottom  of  the  boiler.  The  glass  is 
particularly  dangerous  as  causing  rapid  wear  of 
the  engines  after  it  is  carried  over  by  the  steam. 
Little  fagots  of  wooden  sticks  are  much  safer, 
but  unhappily  they  do  not  gather  much  incrus- 
tation. 

"Agitating"  devices  are  of  little  use — the 
water  in  a  boiler  is  in  a  high  state  of  agitation 
anyhow,  over  the  heating  surface.  Among  ma- 
terials acting  physically  are  clay,  potato  starch, 
wood  sawdust  and  dye  liquors;  these  act  as  in- 
terposants,   enveloping  the  particles  of  earthy 


deposits,  and  preventing  them  from  agglomera- 
ting in  a  hard  mass;  they  can  hence  be  readily 
blown  off  at  the  proper  cocks.  Of  these,  clay 
only  increases  the  weight  of  the  muddy  de- 
posits. .Potato  starch  (ground  potatoes)  is  bet- 
ter; throwing  it  in  from  time  to  time. 

Another  remarkable  interposant  is  a  paint 
composed  of  graphite,  tallow,  powdered  char- 
coal and  tar,  applied  to  the  inner  walls.  The 
deposits  will  not  stick  to  this;  but  it  has  this 
objection,  that  it  must  be  renewed  every  15 
days  or  so,  and  this  takes  a  long  time  (some- 
times two  days)  and  thus  necessitates  stoppage 
of  steam  supply  or  the  use  of  reserve  boilers. 
The  same  result  is  obtained  by  greasing,  the 
walls  of  the  boiler;  but  this  often  causes  foam- 
ing or  else  corrosion  of  the  plates.  Tar  and 
mineral  oils  are  best  for  this  purpose. 

The  chemical  agents  proposed,  as  carbonate 
of  soda,  sal  ammonia,  alum,  etc.,  transform  the 
slightly  soluble  salts  into  salts  either  soluble  or 
completely  insoluble,  and  depositing  at  once 
without  adhesion.  The  results  obtained  are 
neither  thorough  nor  constant,  while  there  is 
also  to  be  feared  corrosion  of  the  sheets  by  acids 
set  free  in  these  reactions. 

Certain  substances,  as  molasses,  beer  malt, 
beet  pulp,  etc  ,  act  physically  as  interposants, 
and  also  chemically  by  the  sugar  they  contain, 
and  which  facilitates  the  solubility  of  most  lime 
salts.  Most  of  these  cause  foaming  in  the  boil- 
ers, fouling  the  gauge-glasses  or  gumming  of  the 
valves  of  the  engine. 

It  is  much  best  to  precipitate  the  limey  salts 
before  the  water  is  fed  into  the  boiler.  A  very 
simple  way  is  to  have  a  large  supply  tank  and  to 
inject  into  the  water  it  contains,  a  jet  of  steam 
which  will  cause  it  to  deposit  most  of  its  limey 
compounds. 

There  is  much  needed  a  simple  and  inexpen- 
sive filter  and  precipitator,  which  may  serve  at 
the  same  time  as  a  feed-heater. 

Your  Salt. 

John   Barton,  of  Alameda,  is  President  of   a 
salt  manufacturing   establishment  at  Mt.  Eden, 
on  San  Francisco  bay,  22  miles  from  San  Fran- 
cisco, which  is  locally  known  as  the 
Union  Pacific  Salt  Works. 

They  were  established  some  1 1  years  ago  on  an 
island  formed  by  the  bay  and  what  are  known 
as  Eden  and  Union  City  creeks.  This  island 
comprises  about  1,200  acres,  and  is  entirely 
owned  by  the  company.  It  is  divided  by  dykes 
into  immense  reservoirs,  which  are  numbered, 
No.  1  being  nearest  the  bay.  Upon  the  termina- 
tion of  the  winter  rains,  and  as  soon  as  the 
weather  becomes  settled,  operations  at  the 
manufactory  commence.  From  60  to  80  men 
are  employed  in  the  yards,  they  being  under 
charge  of  a  foreman,  Mr.  A.  B.  Winegar,  who 
has  occupied  this  position  for  11  years,  and  is 
considered  one  of  the  most  experienced  and 
capable  salt-makers  in  the  United  States.     The 

Reservoirs 
Are  put  in  thorough  repair,  levees  overhauled, 
and  everything  put  in  readiness,  and  sea-water 
is  then  let  into  reservoir  No.  1,  through  numer- 
ous small  gates.  This  reservoir  is  300  acres  in 
extent.  When  this  "catch"  has  remained  in 
the  reservoir  from  20  days  to  four  weeks,  it  is 
then  discharged  into  reservoir  No.  2,  250  acres 
in  extent,  and  a  fresh  supply  let  into  No.  1. 
The  first  "catch"  is  then,  after  remaining  in  No. 
2  about  the  same  length  of  time,  transferred 
into  No.  3,  No.  2  being  tilled  again  from  No.  1, 
and  No.  1  from  the  ocean.  In  the  same  manner 
the  brine  is  discharged  into  reservoir  No.  3,  100 
acres  in  extent,  whence  it  is  emptied  into  the 

Liming  Ponds, 
Nos.  4  and  5,  where  the  lime  is  precipitated  to 
the  bottom.  When  the  brine  has  reached  a 
strength  of  17°  (hydrometer)  all  the  lime  has 
crystallized  at  the  bottom  of  the  pond,  and  the 
liquid  then  begins  to  crystallize  salt.  This 
process  of  removing  the  impurities  is  only 
practiced  at  these  works,  and  is  one  of  the 
reasons  of  the  superior  quality  of  their  salt.  In 
boiled  salts,  the  rapid  and  unnatural  method 
of  crystallization  forces  the  lime  to  settle  with 
the  salt,  and  thus  affects  its  purity.  When  the 
liquid  is  known  to  have  discharged  its  lime  it 
is  emptied  into  the  numerous 

Crystallizing1  Ponds, 
As  occasion  may  require.  For  the  finer  grades 
of  salt  these  crystallizing  ponds  have  wooden 
floors,  and  when  the  deposit  is  completed  these 
floors  are  "raked,"  the  salt  in  large  crystals 
being  scraped  into  heaps,  shoveled  into  baskets, 
transferred  on  small  hand  cars  to  the  edge  of 
the  yard,  where  it  is  dumped  into  huge  pyra- 
mids, whence  it  is  sacked  and  transferred  to 
the  company's  mills  on  Sacramento  street, 
where  it  is  dried,  ground  into  various  grades, 
and  finally  prepared  for  the  market.  The  salt, 
from  the  time  its  manufacture  is  commenced 
until  it  is  delivered  to  the  purchaser,  is 

Handled 
Exclusively  by  the  company.  It  is  transported 
by  their  own  schooners,  hauled  by  their  own 
drays,  put  up  in  sacks  of  their  own  manufac- 
ture, and  its  brand  printed  thereon  by  their  own 
printing  press.  This  complete  business  arrange- 
ment is  due  to  the  sagacity  of  Mr.  Barton,  who 
has  given  the  business  his  individual  attention 
from  the  time  he  first  became  identified  with  it, 
some  16  years  ago,  until  the  present  time,  when 
it  stands  without  a  rival  in  size  and  amount  of 
business. 

The  works  have  a  capacity  of  20,000  tons  per 
season,  and  their  average  annual  production  is 
12,000  tons. 

For  a  description  of  the  works  we  are  in- 
debted to  the  editor  of  the  Alameda  Argus, 


How  Money   is   Made  from  Copper   in 
Yuba  County. 

It  is  a  very  simple  process.  Copper  sulphuret 
is  roasted  to  sulphate,  leached  and  precipitated 
with  iron.  We  are  indebted  for  the  following 
particulars  to  the  Grass  VaUey  Union : 

The  entire  improvements  made  upon  the 
Spenceville  property  have  cost  nearly  $100,000, 
and  as  an  evidence  that  the  enterprise  has  been 
profitable  is  the  fact  that  no  assessments  have 
been  levied  upon  the  stock  for  two  years.     The 

Capacity 
Of  the  works  for  the  last  six  months  has  averaged 
25  tons  of  cement  copper  per  month,  which 
required  the  monthly  use  of  about  500  tons  of 
ore.  The  present  product  is  30  tons  per  month, 
and  by  next  spring  it  will  reach  60.  The  gross 
product  of  each  ton  of  ore  worked  is  about 
$12.50,  and  net  profit  about  $8.25  per  ton.  fj 
With  the  product  of  60  tons  of  copper  per 
month,  worth  $15,000,  the  profit  will  be  $10,000 
at  present  prices  of  17  cents  per  pound  for  the 
copper  in  the  San  Francisco  market.  The 
regular  monthly  expense  account  is  between 
$6,000  and  $7,000,  and  the  number  of  employees 
is  12  men  in  the  mine  and  13  on  the  surface. 
Reduction. 

The  old  shed  contains  12  leaching  vata  and 
the  new  one,  standing  directly  below  the  new 
ore  shed,  will  contain  20.  The  reduction  works 
contain  four  revolving  cylinders,  and  two  more 
are  to  be  put  up.  A  small  engine  furnishes  all 
the  power  necessary  to  drive  the  machinery. 
From  the  hoisting  works  the  ore  hereafter  will 
be  conveyed  to  the  top  of  the  hill  by  a  railroad, 
which  is  now  in  use.  The  cars  are  loaded  from 
ore  chutes,  and  drawn  to  the  top  of  the  hill  by  I 
a  stationary  engine. 

During  the  present  season  the  company  have 
made  extensive 

Additions 
To  their  works  to  increase  the  capacity  for  pro- 
duction,   and  for    economy   and  expedition  in 
handling  the  ores.     The   ore  shed   which   has  *,; 
been  used  until  this  time  is  350  feet  in  length 
by  60  feet  in  width. 

It  holds  4,000  tons  of  ore  arranged  in  two  | 
lines  of  piles  of  100  tons  each.  This  has  bee.n; 
supplemented  by  a  new  shed,  built  on  the  top 
of  the  hill  above  the  miue,  which  is  500  feet 
long,  and  will  contain  3,000  tons  arrayed  in 
piles  in  a  single  line.  And  it  is  intended  fur- 
ther to  extend  this  shed,  and  do  away  with 
using  the  old  shed  at  the  foot  of  the  hill,  be- 
cause in  manipulating  the  ores  it  is  important 
to  have  all  the  other  works  below  where  the 
roasting  is  done,  as  everything  has  to  work 
down  hill,  from  the  ore  pileB  to  the  leaching 
vats,  then  to  the  receiving  vat,  and  lastly  to  the 
reduction  works.     The 

Product  Increases 
From  month  to  month  without  an  increase  of 
expense,  for  this  reason:  In  working  of  the  ores 
by  the  leaching  process  only  about  two-thirds 
of  the  copper  is  obtained,  but  the  waste  pile  is 
continually  furnishing  a  large  amount  of,  solution 
that  is  utilized.  The  ground  where  the  waste 
pile  is  accumulating  is  first  covered  with  a  sheet- 
ing of  felting  and  asphaltum;  the  waste  is  there  I 
dumped  and  water  is  freely  thrown  upon  it  with 
hose  ;  this  percolates  through  the  pile,  and  it  is 
caught  in  sluices  and  conveyed  to  the  reduction 
works,  where  it  is  worked  into  copper.  This 
waste  pile  will  continue  to  increase  from  year 
to  year,  and  will  furnish  one-third  of  all  the 
product  for  the  mere  labor  of  takiug  up  the 
solution  as  it  drains  from  the  pile.  Thus  it  will 
be  seen  that  the  waste  pile  is  to  be  a  permanent 
source  of  profit,  and  none  of  it  goes  to  loss. 
During  the  last  12  months  the  production  has 
not  only  met  all  expenses,  but  has  carried  the 
improvements  now  approaching  completion. 

A  Gold  Mining  Exhibition. — William  I. 
Marshall,  a  Montanian  from  Fitchburg,  Mass., 
lectured  recently  at  the  Cooper  Union,  N.  Y., 
upon  the  "Yellowstone  National  Park,"  and  in 
the  course  of  the  lecture,  described  the  state 
and  process  of  gold  mines  and  gold  mining  in 
America.  Many  who  sought  admission  at  the 
door  were  turned  away.  Upon  the  platform 
behind  the  speaker,  was  a  large  screen,  upon 
which  views  of  mines  and  the  mining  country 
were  shown  by  the  magic  lantern.  On  a  stand 
on  one  side  was  a  fac-simile  of  the  150-pound 
Australian  gold  nugget,  which  sold  for  §50,000. 
Mr.  Marshall  showed,  by  means  of  utensils  - 
which  he  had  upon  the  stage,  the  manner  of 
cradling  and  washing  with  a  pan  which  gold 
miners  employ.  Speaking  of  the  actual  scarcity  of 
gold,  he  said  that  the  whole  world's  product  of 
ages  of  time  and  acres  and  acres  of  mining,  if 
melted  down  and  run  without  alloy  into  a  solid 
mass,  would  not  make  a  cube  measuring  29  feet 
on  a  side,  though  the  estimated  value  of  all  the 
gold  coin,  bullion  and  jewelry  is  §6,500,000,000. 

Fuel  from  Waste. — From  the  debris  of  the 
coal  mines,  France  makes  annually  700,000  tons 
of  excellent  fuel,  and  Belgium  500,000  tons.  In 
England,  where  there  is  not  so  much  waste  in 
coal  mining,  and  where  coal  is  much  cheaper, 
the  manufacture  of  artificial  fuel  is  only  about 
200,000  tons  a  year.  Germany  makes  fuel,  for 
the  most  part,  from  peat  and  similar  earths. 

Smoke  is  not,  as  many  persons  imagine, 
lighter  than  air;  it  is,  however,  carried  up  by 
the  heated  air,  which  being  lighter  than  the 
surrounding  atmosphere,  iB  pressed  upward. 
Smoke  ascends  because  it  is  intermixed  with 
vapors,  gases  and  warm  air. 


February  15,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


99 


Cold-RoUed  Shafung. 

An  e.\[»-i  i.  in  ■  of  many  yean  proves  mora  and 
pnore  the  importance  of  good  shafting  for  the 
tranamuMion  of  power.  Whether  searing  is  at- 
laehed  t<<  the  same,  u  thus  Car  has  been  the 
prevalent  ouatom  in  England,  or,  what  have 
HMD  proved  to  be  better,  pulleys  and  beita,  aa 
has  been  the  custom  in  the  (Jolted  States,  ami 
bid  fair  to  l»-  accepted  all  over  the  world  -in 
any  eas-,  the  shafting  must  he  good,  true,  and 
■trons;,  free  from  oscillation,  flexion,  or  danger 
of  breaking,  twisting,  or  giving  out  in  any  man- 
ner ;  hence  at  the  present  day  special  attention 
i«  given  to  furnishing  manufacturers  with  Bupe- 
ifting,  for  which  the  demand  has  been 
continually  increasing  in  proportion  as  mechan- 
ics have  discovered  its  importance. 

The  best  shafting  is  undoubtedly  that  which 
has  been  finished  by  cold  rolling,  by  which  the 
metal  is  condensed  ami  its  strength  increased, 
while  it  becomes  remarkably  straight,  true,  and 
uniform  in  .size  ;  also,  its  surface  represents  a 
highly  polished  appearance. 

The  superiority  of  such  shafting  was  shown 
by  Major  Wade,  of  the  United  States  Ordnance 
Department,  in  1SG0.  He  found  by  practical 
tests  that  bars  of  puddled  and  charcoal  bloom 
iron,  rolled  hot  in  the  process  of  manufacture, 
were  increased  in  strength  by  the  cold  rolling, 
a  process  which  at  that  time  had  beeu  patented 
by  Lauth.  The  results  of  the  tests  were  as  fol- 
lows :  Transverse  strain  for  permanent  set  in- 
crease in  strength,  1624%  ;  torsional  strain  to 
product*  permanent  set,  increase  130%;  compres- 
sioual  strains  to  produce  permanent  set,  increase 
'Jo  ;  ultimate  strength  under  tension,  increase 
7-  ;  hardness,  increase  50%.  Sir  William 
Fairbairn  found  an  increase  of  50i%,  compar- 
ing ordinary  bars  of  a  given  size  with  similar 
bars  reduced  in  size  by  cold  rolling. 

A  similar  series  of  trials  made  by  the  Frank- 
Min  Institute  of  Philadelphia,  showed  au  increase 
of  ultimate  strength  for  the  cold-rolled  shafting 
of  61%  in  tension,  and  M~  in  compression.  It 
is  claimed  that  cold-rolled  shafting  has  "from 
30%  to  40%  more  effective  strength  than  the 
same  sizes  of  turned  iron. 

It  is  easy  to  comprehend  the  immense  differ- 
ence in  effect  when  a  shaft  is  finished  by  cut- 
ting the  surface  with  a  chisel  on  the  lathe,  or 
when,  instead  of  this  disintegrating  operation, 
it  is  passed  through  rollers  and  the  smooth  and 
Uniform  surface  is  given  to  it  by  a  powerful  com- 
pression of  the  surface,  and  that  in  the  latter 
.  case  the  deosity  ami  strength  must  necessarily 
be  much  greater.  If,  incidentally,  there  is  any 
nnrosity  in  the  iron,  the  cutting  on  the  lathe 
may  lay  it  bare,  while  by  cold  rolling  the  pores 
will  be  closed  up;  it  is,  in  short  (to  use  common 
language),  the  difference  in  cutting  away  and 
squeezing  together. 

Cold-rolled  shafting  has  begun  to  be  generally 
appreciated;  it  is  now  used  by  locomotive  and 
other  engine  builders,  and  by  pump  manufac- 
turers, for  piston-rods,  pump-plungers,  etc., 
without  turning,  except  to  make  connections. 
It  is  also  used  to  make  pins  for  bridges.  Cold- 
rolled  iron  is  also  used  in  preference  to  steel  for 
the  finger-bars  and  knife-backs  of  reapers  and 
mowers,  and  for  other  special  purposes. 

Welding  Fused  Iron. 

The  difficulties  which  formerly  stood  in  the 
way  of  the  welding  of  iron  obtained  by  fusion 
processes  have  been  entirely  overcome.  Stated 
in  broad  and  general  terms,  the  welding  power 
of  iron  rises  and  falls  in  the  inverse  ratio  of  its 
content  of  carbon;  but  the  limits  of  its  capacity 
for  being  welded  are  sooner  reached  than  those 
of  its  malleability,  and  irons  with  a  high  con 
tent  of  carbon  will  not  weld.  The  difficulty  of 
welding  diminishes  in  proportion  to  the  ease 
with  which  fused  iron  can  be  obtained  with  a 
low  content  of  carbon. 

The  qaestion  whether  the  metal  obtained  in 
the  converter  or  the  reverberatory  furnace  welds 
better  has  been  carefully  investigated,  especially 
in  Sweden.  The  conclusion  has  been  arrived  at 
that  with  a  similar  chemical  composition,  simi- 
lar temperature,  and  similar  working  conditions, 
there  is  no  difference,  As  a  matter  of  practice, 
the  rule  is  that  the  metal  for  heavy  forgings  is 
prepared  in  the  reverberatory  furnace,  and  that 
for  lighter  ones  in  the  Bessemer  converter.  The 
process  of  dephosphorizing  by  oxides  in  the  de- 
silication  gives  the  reverberatory  furnace  the 
preference  at  present,  although  the  preference 
may  not  be  a  lasting  one. 

The  uses  of  malleable  iron  have  increased  on 
the  whole,  owing  to  the  more  common  employ- 
ment of  fusion- process  irons,  the  freedom  of 
which  from  cinder  makes  them  more  uniform  in 
quality  and  trustworthy.  Heavy  pieces,  many 
thousands  of  tons  in  weight,  are  no  longer  re- 
garded as  anything  remarkable.  The  mechani- 
cal properties  of  the  various  irons  made  by 
fusion  are  so  easily  regulated  to  practical  re- 
quirements, that  there  is  no  longer  any  limit  to 
their  use  other  than  that  set  by  cost.  The  ex- 
tension given  to  the  making  of  irons  by  fusion 
processes  has  also  had  the  effect  of  raising 
metallurgy  out  of  its  former  condition  of  empiri- 
cism, and  demonstrating  the  necessity  of  scien- 
tific investigation.  Ample  proof  of  this  was 
given  at  the  late  Paris  exhibition.  There  was 
no  well-ordered  collection  without  its  elaborately 
formulated  analyses  and  tests,  which  for  the 
most  part  showed  a  complete  mastery  of  the 
scientific  principles  involved  in  them. — Iron. 


Hints  for  Inventors. 

The  Scientific  American  calls  the  attention  of 
inventive  and  practical  men  to  the  defects  of 
locomotive  boilers,  and  the  advantages  which 
might  result  from  their  improvements.  It  says: 
A  locomotive  boiler  has  three  principal  parts, 
all  imperfect  in  greater  or  less  degree.  These 
are  the  Hre-box,  the  tubes,  and  the  smoke-box. 
The  lire  1-M \  has  rectangular  walls,  surrounded 
by  water,  except  under  the  grate,  and  where 
the  fire-door  is  placed.  This  is  an  arrangement 
necessitated  by  the  requirements  of  science  and 
not  indicated  by  rules  of  utility  or  good  con- 
struction. The  Mat  form  of  the  fire-box  walls 
and  of  that  part  of  the  boiler  which  covers  it, 
takes  away  from  them  strength  of  resistance, 
save  what  is  given  to  each  by  the  other  by  stays 
in  immense  number.  These  must  resist  an 
enormous  pressure,  especially  the  roof  of  the 
fire-box,  where  it  is  not  counteracted  by  any 
opposite  pressure,  and  sometimes  may  amount 
to  200  tons. 

This  arrangement  prevents  proper  cleaning  of 
the  outer  wallB  of  the  fire-box  and  the  inner 
walls  of  the  boiler  plates  opposite.  It  is  about 
the  same  thing  where  the  tubes  are;  and  theBe, 
rarely  over  two  and  one-half  inches  in  diameter, 
are  so  numerous  that  it  is  as  difficult  to  clean 
them  exteriorly  as  it  is  to  clean  that  portion  of 
the  boiler  surrounding  them. 

The  draft,  urged  by  the  jets  of  exhauBt  steam 
in  the  stack,  is  so  strong  that  the  air  and  gases 
in  passing  through  the  tubes  at  a  high  rate  of 
speed  drive  with  it  a  considerable  quantity  of 
fine  dust,  the  residue  of  combustion  of  coke  or 
other  fuel;  this  dust  scratches  and  cuts  the 
tubes  so  as  to  necessitate  their  renewal.  The 
dilatation  and  contraction  of  theae  tubes  also 
cause  leaks  and  repairs.  The  forced  draft  also 
costs  dear  in  another  way;  because  this  steam 
jet  creates  a  back  pressure  in  the  cylinders, 
frequently  amounting  to  one-third  the  effective 
pressure.     Further,    the   space 


the  space  left  above  the 
tubes  and  the  smoke-box  is  so  small  as  to  reduce 
too  much  the  proportion  between  the  steam 
volume  and  the  heatiug  surface.  It  is  also  not 
unfrequent  that  the  steam  carries  with  it  half 
its  weight  of  water. 

A  Hand.  Loom  Wanted. 

The  same  journal  says  that  there  is  a  demand 
for  a  hand  loom  for  amateurs'  use.  A  corre- 
spondent writes:  "We  can  get  lathes  and  fret 
saws  and  printing  presses  and  other  machinery 
for  the  use  .of  amateurs  in  abundance;  but  a 
compact,  portable  hand  loom  would  be  a 
novelty,  of  which  it  might,  with  some  truth,  be 
said  that  no  house  would  be  complete  without 
it." 

The  number  of  people  seeking  industrial  re- 
creation is  very  large,  and  out  of  these  a  profit- 
able clientage  can  be  secured,  no  doubt,  by 
whoever  will  offer  them  the  novelty  called  for. 
It  may  pay  some  of  our  inventive  readers  to 
give  the  matter  a  little  practical  consideration. 


Coating  Metals  with  Platinum.  — Mr. 
Dode,  a  Frenchman,  has  recently  invented  a 
process  for  covering  iron  with  platinum.  The 
iron  is  first  coated  with  a  preparation  of  lead 
and  copper.  It  is  then  ready  for  the  platinum 
composition,  which  is  thus  made:  Ten  parts  of 
platinum  are  converted  into  chloride,  mixed 
with  five  parts  of  ether,  and  permitted  to  evap- 
orate in  the  open  air.  The  residue  .  is  incorpo- 
rated with  a  compound  of  20  parts  borate  of 
lead,  11  parts  of  red  lead,  some  oil  of  lavender, 
and  50  parts  of  amyle  alcohol.  Into  this  mix- 
ture the  article  to  be  coated  is  dipped,  then 
allowed  to  dry  in  the  air,  and  finally  heated  to 
a  moderate  temperature,  in  a  muffle  furnace. 
A  practical  demonstration  of  the  modus  oper- 
andi was  recently  given  at  the  laboratory  con- 
nected with  the  Mint  and  Bank  of  England,  at 
which  the  ease  and  simplicity  of  the  operation 
was  fully  seen  and  acknowledged;  but  as  the  in- 
vention is  a  recent  one,  the  important  element 
of  time  and  wear  to  teBt  his  work  is  as  yet 
wanting.  The  invention  relates  more  particu- 
larly to  the  coating  of  articles  of  cast-iron,  but 
is  also  applicable  to  the  covering  of  other  met- 
als in  order  to  preserve  them  from  oxidation 
under  the  action  of  air,  fire,  or  acid  gases.  The 
same  process  is  applicable  to  glass.  The  pro- 
cesses hitherto  known  for  the  coating  of  metals 
hi»ve  only  imperfectly  attained  the  object  in 
view,  inasmuch  as  the  coverings  of  copper, 
nickel,  silver,  or  tin,  applied  by  immersion  or 
with  the  aid  of  galvanism,  are  not  adapted  to 
prevent  oxidation.  Mr.  Dode's  invention  con- 
sists in  the  application  of  platinum  in  such  a 
state  of  division  as  to  enable  it  to  be  employed 
as  a  preservative  against  the  oxidation  of  met- 
als, whereby  a  considerable  saving  is  effected, 
as  compared  with  the  systems  at  present  in  use, 
and  much  greater  efficiency  is  obtained. 

Absorption  of  Carbonic  Oxide  by  Living 
Organisms.  —  N.  Grehaut  has  experimented 
with  mixtures  of  air  and  minute  portions  of 
carbonic  oxide.  He  fiuds  that  a  man  or  an  ani- 
mal, when  compelled  for  half  an  hour  to  breathe 
an  atmosphere  containing  only  1-779  of  carbonic 
oxide,  absorbs  that  gas  in  sufficient  quantities 
to  saturate  about  half  the  red  globules  of  the 
blood,  so  that  they  become  incapable  of  absorb- 
ing oxygen.  In  an  atmosphere  containing  1-1449 
of  carbonic  oxide,  about  a  quarter  of  the  red 
globules  are  similarly  saturated.  These  results 
are  interesting  and  important  in  relation  to  phys- 
iology and  hygiene. 


The  Social  Science  Convention. 

The  annual  meeting  of  the  American  Social 
Scienco  Association  was  held  in  Boston,  Jan- 
uary 8th.  The  meeting  was  opened  by  the 
reading  of  a  letter  from  the  President,  David  A. 
Wells,  explaining  his  absence  and  reviewing 
the  progress  and  opportunities  of  social  Bcience. 
Never  before  in  the  history  of  the  world  have 
so  many  and  so  important  questions — fiscal, 
economic,  educational,  sanitary,  and  moral — 
pressed  themselves  upon  the  attention  of  the 
public. 

The  steamship,  the  railroad,  and  the  tele- 
graph are  breaking  down  the  old  and  formida- 
ble barriers  of  nationalities,  and,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  business,  are  making  the  whole  world 
one  country,  a  condition  of  things  under  which 
the  great  fundamental  truth  of  modern  political 
economy,  that  nations  and  individuals  are  alike 
benefited  and  never  injured  by  the  prosperity 
of  their  neighbors,  will  be  more  than  ever  man- 
ifested. All  methods  of  production  and  ex- 
changing are  also  undergoing  modification,  with 
the  certain  result,  which  no  legislation  can  pre- 
vent, even  if  it  were  desirable  that  it  should,  of 
economizing  labor  and  material,  and  the  cheap- 
ening of  production.  During,  and  in  conse- 
quence of  these  changes,  and  for  years  yet  to 
come,  there  will  be  much  of  discomfort,  and  un- 
doubtedly also  of  suffering,  from  the  displace- 
ment of  individuals  from  occupation  and  their 
readjustment  in  new  positions  or  locations. 
Millions  of  capital  now  useful  and  returning  an 
income  to  their  possessors,  are  certain,  in  the  no 
distant  future,  to  be  also  made  worthless,  as  the 
course  of  improvement  requires  that  they  shall 
be,  in  order  that  protection  may  be  cheapened 
and  made  better.  But  the  ultimate  result  will 
be  undoubtedly  greater  abundance,  less  poverty, 
and  a  higher  elevation  of  the  race.  To  forecast 
the  course  of  economic  agencies  and  events;  to 
help  make  the  burden  of  disturbance  and  change 
in  occupation  less  grievous  to  the  people;  to  help 
overcome  that  moral  inertia  among  the  masses 
which  greatly  prevents  them  from  helping  them- 
selves, and  accomodating  themselves  with  rapid- 
ity to  the  demands  of  progress,  are  all  questions 
and  problems  pre-eminently  within  the  domain 
of  social  science. 

And  if  there  is  any  advantage  in  associated 
efforts  over  individual  and  isolated  effort,  in  the 
way  of  determining  and  disseminating  truth, 
then,  Mr.  Wells  concluded,  the  American  Social 
Science  Association  has  the  largest  of  opportu- 
nities before  it  for  future  benefaction. 

Much  time  was  taken  up  in  the  reading  of  a 
paper  by  Mr.  Geo.  T.  Angell,  of  Boston,  which 
consisted  of  a  tissue  of  extravagant  assertions 
in  regard  to  the  adulterations  of  food,  drinks, 
medicines,  etc.,  entirely  unsupported  by  facts 
or  proofs  of  any  kind.  There  iB  no  doubt  much 
done  in  the  way  of  such  adulterations;  but  the 
cause  of  honest  dealing  will  never  be  advanced 
by  reckless  charges  of  misdoings  on  the  part  of 
traders  generally,  nor  will  such  a  course  secure 
or  sustain  for  the  Social  Science  Association  a 
reputation  for  a  truly  scientific  spirit  and  char- 
acter. 

Archaeological  Researches. 

A  renewed  interest  seems  to  be  awakened  in 
the  East  for  prosecuting  excavations  in  various 
parts  for  archaeological  treasures.  Favored  by 
the  authorities  at  Constantinople,  Dr.  Schlie- 
mann  is  again  busily  excavating  at  Troy;  and 
Mr.  Rassam  has  permission  to  dig  anywhere  in 
Mesopotamia.  With  such  a  comprehensive 
grant,  districts  will  be  opened  that  have  not 
hitherto  been  searched,  and  we  shall  hear  of 
fresh  discoveries  at  Nineveh,  of  explorations  in 
the  long  hidden  ancient  city  of  Assur,  and  of 
endeavors  to  find  the  famous  royal  ' '  record  of- 
fice," or  "Babylonian  Bank,"  as  some  assyriolo- 
gists  call  it,  in  which  were  stored  a  large  col- 
lection of  mercantile  tablets,  representing  the 
monetary  transactions  of  a  firm  trading  in  the 
name  of  Egibi  &  Sons.  It  is  curious,  says  the 
Scientific  American,  to  have  bills  for  corn  and 
fruits,  and  woven  goods,  and  invoices  and 
vouchers  from  the  days  of  Nabupalassar  and 
Artaxerxes  in  the  form  of  baked  clay;  but  they 
are  to  be  seen  at  the  British  Museum.  The 
Arabs  and  Jews  from  whom  they  were  obtained 
have  kept  the  secret  so  well  that  the  place  in 
which  they  were  discovered  is  not  yet  known 
to  Europeans. 

Kutha,  now  a  group  of  great  mounds,  was 
the  sacred  university  city  of  Babylonia,  and 
had  an  extensive  library,  which  is  frequently 
referred  to  in  mythological  tablets  discovered 
in  other  parts  of  the  kingdom.  It  was  from 
that  storehouse  of  learning  that  the  tablets  giv- 
ing an  account  of  the  creation  were  originally 
taken;  and  it  is  hoped  that  discoveries  of  other 
documents  not  less  interesting  will  there  be 
made. 

In  the  mound  of  Nebbi-Yunus,  search  will 
be  made  for  the  palace  of  Sennacherib,  in  the 
expectation  that  some  records  of  the  latter 
years  of  that  monarch  may  be  found,  "and  pos- 
sibly some  accounts,  however  meager,  of  the 
second  campaign  against  Hezekiah." 

But  besides  all  this,  Mr.  Eassam  will  make 
explorations  in  the  country  of  that  ancient  peo- 
ple, often  mentioned  in  scripture — the  Hittites. 
The  existence  of  mounds  along  the  bank  of  the 


Euphrates  has  long  been  known;  and  under  a 
certain  group  known  as  the  mounds  of  Jerabo- 
lus,  it  is  supposed  that  Carchemish,  the  Hittito 
capital,  lies  hidden.  Inscriptions  in  an  un- 
known character  were  found  in  that  neighbor- 
hood a  few  years  ago;  and  it  is  hoped  that  some 
key  thereto  may  be  met  with  in  the  course  of 
the  excavations  now  to  be  undertaken,  and  fur- 
nish to  scholars  the  link  wanting  to  connect 
Assyria  with  Western  Asia.  As  the  firman 
granted  to  Mr.  Kassam  extends  over  a  number 
of  years,  wo  may  trust  that  tho  interesting  en- 
terprise will  be  carried  to  a  successful  issuo. 


The  Voltaic  Pencil. 

There  is  at  the  present  time  scarcely  a  single 
branch  of  industry  to  which  electricity  is  not 
lending  its  aid.  Art,  however,  has  thus  far  re- 
ceived but  little  benefit  from  this  source,  if  we 
expect  the  application  of  electricity  to  electro- 
metallurgy. An  important  discovery,  however, 
has  just  been  made  in  Paris,  by  M.  Bellet, 
whose  invention  consists  of  a  voltaic  pencil,  by 
the  use  of  which  designers  and  draughtsman  may 
be  enabled  to  dispense  entirely  with  the  aid  of 
the  engraver.  The  editorB  of  Ekctricite  state 
that  they  have  examined  beautiful  proofs  of 
lithographs  and  etchings  obtained,  without  the 
use  of  the  engraver,  by  the  effect  of  a  voltaic 
arc  produced  at  the  point  of  an  ordinary  lead 
pencil.  Encouraged  by  this  success  the  inven- 
tor has  taken  out  patents  in  various  countries, 
and  a  company  has  been  formed  to  carry  out 
the  process,  which  will  soon  be  placed  before 
the  public.  At  present  there  are  being  pre- 
pared models  of  a  series  of  apparatus  which  will 
allow  any  artist,  however  ignorant  of  the  mys- 
teries of  electricity,  to  reproduce  immediately, 
and  without  the  aid  of  any  artisan,  the  most 
delicate  and  complicated  drawings;  and  this, 
too,  by  a  very  simple  process  and  at  a  very 
moderate  price.  By  a  slight  modification  of  the 
system  there  may  be  produced:  1.  Stencils  an- 
alogous to  those  produced  by  the  Edison  pen; 
2.  lithographs;  3.  etchings;  4.  stereotypes  for 
typographical  work.  The  initiators  of  this  dis- 
covery are  confident  that  an  entire  revolution 
will  take  place  in  the  process  of  illustrating  pa- 
pers by  means  of  their  electrography.  Either 
copper  or  zinc  plates  may  be  used.  A  late 
number  of  Nature  describes  the  modus  operandi 
as  follows:  A  thin  sheet  of  paper  is  attached 
to  the  plate.  One  of  the  poles  of  a  Rhumkorff 
machine  is  connected  to  the  plate,  and  the 
other  pole  to  the  top  of  the  pen.  The  elec- 
tricity then  runs  through,  making  a  spark 
which  perforates  the  paper  in  whatever  direc 
tion  the  artist  directs  the  pen.  As  soon  as  the 
drawing  is  finished,  the  paper  is  rubbed  over 
with  greasy  ink,  laid  on  with  an  ordinary  roller. 
The  paper  is  removed,  and  the  plate  is  dipped 
into  the  acid,  which  cuts  away  those  portions 
not  protected  by  the  ink.  The  light  of  the 
spark  is  said  to  be  sufficient  for  the  artist,  even 
when  he  works  in  a  dark  room;  and  the  pen  is 
stated  to  be  as  manageable  as  an  ordinary 
pencil. 

Evolution  and  Spontaneous  Generation. 

Rev.  W.  H.  Dalinger,  who  is  well-known 
through  hiB  combat  against  the  theory  of  spon- 
taneous generation,  lately  delivered  a  lecture  in 
London  on  the  relations  between  his  theory  and 
that  of  the  evolutionists.  According  to  the  re- 
port in  Iron,  there  were,  he  said,  many  admirers 
of  the  theory  of  evolution  who  held  that  unless 
spontaneous  generation  was  admitted,  the 
theory  was  incomplete.  Just  as  in  water  there 
is  the  potentiality  of  forming  crystalline  pat- 
terns in  snow  and  ice,  so  they  hold  that  in  or- 
ganic matter  generally,  there  is  potentiality  of 
forming  protoplasm.  No  living  structure  con- 
tains any  known  element  that  is  not  met  with 
in  the  inorganic  world,  and  the  only  chemical 
difference  known  is  the  combination  of  the  ele- 
ments. But  the  lecturer  urged  that  evolution 
and  spontaneous  generation  were  two  distinct 
questions  that  need  very  accurate  study  apart. 
The  developmental  progression  of  all  living 
forms  from  simple  protoplasm,  is  a  very  different 
question  from  whether  living  protoplasm  can  be 
spontaneously  evolved  from  the  inorganic 
world.  For  himself,  if  facts  were  brought  for- 
ward to  support  spontaneous  generation,  he 
should  be  bound,  were  they  valid  facts,  to  ac- 
cept the  theory.  He  had,  however,  devoted 
much  labor,  and  the  time  of  years  to  the  rigid 
investigation  of  some  of  the  facts  that  bear 
upon  the  question,  and  these  he  would  describe. 
It  had  seemed  to  him,  in  studying  what  had 
been  written,  that  there  were  two  lines  of  work 
that.needed  following  out  very  closely.  One 
was  a  series  of  thermal  experiments,  to  deter- 
mine with  exactness  what  is  the  "death  point" 
of  an  organism,  or  a  '  'germ. "  The  other  was  to 
watch  the  life  history  of  some  forms  of  monads 
and  see  if  they  did  reproduce.  It  was  this  sec- 
ond line  he  had  taken  up.  The  most  carefully 
conducted  experiments  of  the  first  groups  have 
led  to  the  conclusion  that  if  all  germs  are  ex- 
cluded from  septic  liquids  no  life  appears, 
while  his  experiments  had  conclusively  shown 
that  monads  do  reproduce  from  parental  prod- 
ucts, and  the  life  history  of  successive  genera- 
tions had  been  watched.  The  natural  infer- 
ence seems  to  be  that  monads  originate  only 
from  previously  existing  monads,  and  if  this  is 
true  of  them,  it  is  not  improbable  that  observa- 
tions conducted  with  equal  care  wffl  show  the 
same  with  regard  to  bacteria. 


100 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS 


[February  15,   1879. 


Table  of  Highest  and  Lowest  Sales  in 
S.  F.  Stock  Exchange. 


Name  of 
Company. 


WeeK  Weefc 
Ending  Ending 
Jan.  33.  Jan.  30. 


Alpha 

Alta 

Andes 

Alps 

Argenta 

Atlantic 

Aurora  Tunnel 

Baltimore  Con 

Belcher 

Belmont 

Best  &  Belcher 

Bullion 

Bechtel 

Belle  Isle 

Bodie 

Benton 

Bulwer ; .  •  •  • 

Boyle 

Black  Hawk 

Belvidere 

Booker 

Caledonia 

California 

Challenge 

Ohollar-Potosi 

Comanche 

Confidence 

Con  Imperial 

Con  Virginia 

Crown  Point 

Con  "Washoe 

Champion 

Concordia 

Dayton 

DeFrees 

Daney 

Day 

Eureka  Con 

Exchequer 

Endowment 

Gen  Thomas 

Grand  Prize 

Gila 

Golden  Chariot 

Golden  Terra 

Goodshaw 

Gould  &  Curry 

Hale  k  Norcross — 

Hillside 

Highbridge 

Homestake 

Hussey 

Independence 

Julia 

Justice 

Jackson 

Joe  Scates 

KKCon 

Kentuck 

Kossuth 

Keystone 

Lady  Bryan 

Lady  Wash 

Leopard 

Leviathan 

Leeds 

Lee 

May  Belle 

Modoc 

Manhattan 

Martin  White 

McClinton 

Meadow  Valley 

Mexican 

Mldea 

Morning  Star 

North  Con  Virginia. 

New  York 

Northern  Belle.... 

New  Coso 

Navajo 

Occidental 

Ophir 

Oriental 

Overman 

Panther 

Phenix 

Phil  Sheridan 

Prospect , 

Raymond  &  Ely 

Richer 

Rock  Island 

Rye  Patch 

Rough  &  Ready — 

Savage 

Seg  Belcher 

Sierra  Nevada 

Silver  Hill 

Silver  King 

Silver  Prize  

Succor 

Summit 

Scorpion  

Solid  Silver 

South  Bodie 

South  Standard. . . 

Star 

St.  Louis 

Syndicate 

Tioga  Con 

Tiptop  

Trojan 

Union  Con 

Utah 

Vermont  Con 

Ward 

Wells-Fargo 

Woodville 

White  Cloud 

Yellow  Jacket 


U 
4.40 
50c 
21J 

n 

75c 

1 

14 

'70c 

50c 


3.10 
484 


3.90 
15c 


Week  Week 
Ending  Endins 
Feb.  6.  Feb.  13. 


1.20 
50c 

21-; 


5J 
15 

75c 
55c 
40c 
2.95 


15j 

1.05 

7 

5} 


60c 

60c 

3.60 

5 

60c 


38J      34J 


31 
8! 
80c 

'fdo 


70c  50c 

26c 


20c 

I 
2.95 
46] 

'i5J 
1.05 


5J 

35c 
144 
19 

M 

1.85 


10c 
1! 
33 

3.8(1 


374      36 


3 

9i 

1.10 


17j 

1.2C 

n 


15c 

1.S0 


1.20 
1.80 
85c 


401      37) 


114 

1.10 

81 


...  .5, 


.45c 


130  S  Bulwer 60c 

210  Tiptop ■ -} 

290  Tioea  Con .14 

100  University 75c 

Saturday  A.  M.,  Feb.  8. 

845  Alpha 21@20J 

260  Alta. 8@7J 

230  Andes 55c 

1400  Albion 30c 

670  Amenta 70c 

310  Beat  &  Belcher. .     '      '" 

1680  Bunion 

1355  Belcher 

300  Booker 

320  Bodie 

165  Benton 

150  Bulwer 

320  Baltimore  Con... 

150  Belvidere 

480  Belmont 50c 

480  Con  Virginia 7i@7; 

115  California 7i@i 

1215  Confidence 19@20. 

150  Chollar 49k®49' 

945  Crown  Point 6i@6J 

2755  Con  Imperial.  ...U@1.30 

1355  Challenm 4.60@4.40 

500  Caledonia 3i@3.30 

200  Caledonia  (B  HI 1 

150  CPacific 1.40@1J 

540  Dardanelles it 

100  Dudley 80c 

650  Day 40c 

350  DeFreeB .....10c 

980  Exchequer 7@71 

45  Eureka  Con 30i@30 

800  Endowment 10c 

100  Flowery -35c 

650  Gould&Curry....l5@14J 

280  Grand  Prize 4S@5 

175  Golden  Terra 54 

195  Goodshaw 30c 

205  H  &  Norcross. . .  .193@l9l 

100  Hillside 

100  Highbridge 

1250  Justice 

2100  Julia 4!@4.40 

530  Jackson ■■•\ 

475  Kentuck 7J@7j 

500  Leviathan 70@65c 

2760  L  Bryan 1!@1.S0 

220  Leopard 85c 

435  Lady  Wash 2@1.80 

505  Mexican 39<939i 

150  Mono « 

50  McClinton 60c 

1115  N  Con  Virginia. .  .ll@10fi 
150  New  York 1@1.05 

1845  N  Bonanza 14@1.60 

200  N  Sierra  Nevada 10c 

100  Northern  Belle 7S 

590  Ophir 38@38i 

275  Overman 12@lli 

1460  Phil  Sheridan 35W25C 

255  Paradise ■■■■% 

310  Raymond  &  E 64@c 

100  Real  del  Monte ....3 

440  Savage 16J@lb 

2000  Succor ;a:~:a? 

215  Sierra  Nevada. .  .404@40J 

1235  Silver  HU1 24W2.60 

540  Solid  Silver .70@65c 

230  Scorpion. li@li 

190  S  Bulwer. 60«fc)5c 

550  South  Bodie 25c 

50  Summit 1-95 

295  Scorpion -H 

80  Star 70c 

650  Trojan .40c 

200  Tiptop 1.45 

150  Tioga -H 

190  Union  Con 6I1 

220  Utah 19@19l 

200  Woodville 40@45c 

2895  Ward 90c@l 

100  Wells-Fargo 20c 

1440  Yellow  Jacket.      


..21 
....1.30 

,  .4@4.20 
"'  10 
7 


5i   8 
....  50o 


16 
23 
49J 
2.40 


55c 
85c 
1.70 
1.20 
50o 
60  i 
183 


2» 
1.45 


li 
1.20 
45c 
6! 
19i 


111 
10 

1.80 
70c 

25c 


90c 

13! 

1.90 


17 

24J 
49 
2.90 


1 

1.95 

1.60 


lj 
70c 
25c 

950 
50c 

1.78 
1.45 

45c 

62 

194 

i!3o 

20c 
30c 


271   21j 


Sales  at  S.  F.  Stock  Exchange. 


Friday  A.  II..  Feb.  7c 

280  Alta 7| 

190  Alpha 21@20j 

210  Best  &  Belcher 24 

2245  Bullion 9@8j 

300  Baltimore  Con ,...li 

1186  Belcher 6i@i 

270  Benton 51@5i 

245  Con  Virginia 7g@7i 

720  California 7l@H 

865  CrownPoint 61@6i 

2895  Con  Imperial 1,~" 

1255  Caledonia 34@3 


90  Con  Dorado 65c  650  Booker  . 


425  Trojan 35@40c 

140  Union  Con 62@61 

145  Utah 181 

200  Wells-Fargo 20c 

1120  Ward 85@90c 

1025  Yellow  Jacket 274@27 

AFTERNOON  SEBBION. 

1O0O  Argenta 55@70c 

300  Albion 40c 

120  Bechtel 50@55c 

340  Bodie 8@84 

50  Belmont 45c 

100  Black  Hawk 65c 


5@5i 

...49KSJ49 
.4101.1' 


450  Confidence 

1405  Challenge... 

75  Chollar 

860  Dardanelles 
2975  Exchequer. . 

600  Flowery 40@35c 

1015  Gould  4  Curry. .  .Ui@14{ 
50  Geo  Douglas 50c 

185  Hale  S  Nor 18J@18S 

1110  Justice 4.20@4.30 

1280  Julia 4. 30<44.20 

505  Kentuck 8@7i 

100  Kossuth 25c 

325  Lady  Wash 2@1.90 

700  LadyBryan......l.20@ll 

360  Leviathan 65(ff  70c 

250  Mexican 37i@37i 

55  Morning  Star 3@2i 

1220  North  Con  Vir 9{pj9! 

855  N  Bonanza 1.60(6)11 

600  New  York. 

395  Overman  . 

225  Ophir 

660  Phil  Sheridan 30c 

20  Seg  Beleher 23(4244 

120  Siorra  Nevada. . .  .481@49 

305  Savage 

710  Silver  Hill.. 

1255  Solid  Silver 

50  St  Louis.... 

1300  Sucoor 

350  Scorpion.... 

400  Santiago. . . . 


15;..rl.= 

2.55<a<l 

70c 

50c 

.1.10O1 
1J@1.60 


.40c 


330  Belvidere 25c 

120  Bulwer 16 

70  CPacific 14 

200  Coso  Con 5c 

600  Caledonia  (B  HI 1 

100  Dudley 80c 

750  Day 40@35c 

650  DeFrees 10c 

130  Eureka  Con... .........SO 

900  Endowment 15c 

2000  Fourth  of  July 20c 

520  Golden  Terra 51 

553  Goodshaw 25@30c 

300  Grand  Prize..... 4J@4. 60 

500  Gila 5c 

100  Hussey 15c 

10  Hamburg 75c 

1«  Highbridge 1J@1.30 

420  Independence  . .  .1.55@>li 

20  Jackson 7 

150  Leopard 85c 

255  Leeds 65@50c 

100  M  White 5j 

100  McClinton 60c 

220  Mono 14@1.40 

400  Navajo 20c 

170  Northern  Belle 8<a7i 

170  ParadiBo 2f 

195  Raymond  &  Ely 7(3>8 

50  Richer 60c 

200  Real  del  Monte 3 

100  Star  . 


Monday  A.  M..  Feb.  10 

330  Alta ;..-! 

180  Alpha 204@20l 

560  Andes 60W80C 

250  Best  S Belcher... 25}@25j 

35  Baltimore  Con 1.30 

665  Belcher 6i(56{ 

1425  Bullion 988l 

390  Benton 5i<§5* 

160  Chollar 51@50j 

825  California 71(88 

445  Con  Virginia 7l@8 

750  Crown  Point «g6| 

3095  Con  Imperial 1.30 

1130  Challenge 44<*4_.60 

300  Caledonia 3.VK0H 

775  Confidence 191@21 

100  C  Dorado 50c 

400  Dardanelles 4) 

990  Exchequer. 7K37J 

300  Flowery 35c 

185  Gould&Curry 15 

560  Hale  4  Nor 20(8211 

565  Justice 6r@5J 

1310  Julia 44@4.45 

60  Kentuck 

1085  Lady  Bryan 

300  Leviathan 6(K<*50c 

1O0  Lady  Wash 1  " 

645  Mexican 4Oi@40 

695  North  Con  Vir.  ...ll<glll 

1050  N  Bonanza 1.80@2 

675  New  York 95c@l 

50  Ophir 42! 

70  Overman 12 

370  Phil  Sheridan 30c 

100  Plutus 1.55 

1820  Solid  Silver 

685  Savage 16@17 

230  SierraNevada 48J@49 

520  Silver  Hill 25(82.70 

1185  Succor 1SCS1.05 

25  Seg  Belcher 24 

340  Scorpion 1l 

900  Trojan 45c 

50  Utah 17S 

155  Union  Con 614 

500  Wells-Fargo 20c 

680  Ward 1.30@U 

1635  Yellow  Jacket. . .  ,244@24 

AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

855  Argenta 70c 

810  Bodie 8i@8j 


1600  Alta. . 
400  Andes. 
535  Best  &  Belcher. 
610  Belcher 
690  Bullion 

1550  Benton. 

1060  Baltimore  Con tJ«i 

706  California 7i@8 

225  Caledonia 34@3.20 

720  Con  Virginia 7J(88 

4370  Con  Imperial.... li@l. 30 

40  Chollar 494 

730  Crown  Point 5J@6 

385  Confidence 191@181 

490  Challenge 41@4 

300  Con  Dorado 45c 

125  Dardanelles 44@4.60 

1680  Exchequer 74@7J 

200  Flowery 40c 

625  Gould  &  Curry. .  .151(8153 

100  Geo  Douglas 50c 

295  H  &  Norcross. . .  .18K»18f 

1440  Justice 5J@5S 

1200  Julia 4.40@4.30 

340  Kentuck 6j@6i 

2900  Lady  Bryan 2(81.80 

405  Lady  Wash 2i@2.05 

1830  Leviathan 70@75c 

345  Mexican 39®38i 

1725  New  York 1.05@1.10 

1510  North  Con  Vir 94@8J 

2220  N  Bonanza. . .  .2.15@1.95 

595  Ophir 40(8394 

160  Overman Hi 

750  Phil  Sheridan 30c 

300  Plutus 1.60 

15  Seg  Belcher 23 

270  Sierra  Nevada. . .  .48(8474 

685  Savage 15S@15i 

640  Silver  Hill 25(82.90 

2370  Succor lj<81.15 

315  Scorpion 1.60(81.70 

610  Solid  Silver. 70c 

200  Trojan 45c 

75  Utah 181@19 

400  Union  Con 62(8811 

650  Wells-Fargo 20c 

2135  Ward 1.20(81.30 

2010  Yellow  Jacket. . .  .24(823). 

AFTBRNUUN  BESBIOft. 

1150  Argenta. 75@70c 

250  Albion 50c 

100  Belle  Isle 20c 

605  Bodie 8i(88j 

500  Booker 40c 

200  Bechtel 75c 

80  Belvidere 50c 

150  Bulwer 173(818 

50  CPacific 14 

1400  Caledonia  (B  HI.  .1(81. 20 

200  Dudley 80@75c 

950  DeFrees 10®15c 

50  Day 30c 

1150  Endowment 20@25c 

105  Eureka  Cou 30 

1500  FourthJuly 25c 

150  Goodshaw 40c 

2325  Grand  Prize 5S@6 

150  Gila 5c 

40  Golden  Terra 54 

200  Hussey 10c 

1915  Highbridge 1.40@li 

50  Hillside 2i 

375  Jackson 64@7 

100  Leopard 85c 

645  Mono 2@1.90 

150  McClinton 60c 

20  Martin  White 6i 

20  Manhattan 34 

80  Northern  BeUe 8J 

350  Navajo 20c 

800  Paradise 2(82.20 

500  Raymond  4  Ely 64(87 

650  Richer 60c 

1188  SBodie 25c 

300  Star 90c 

840  Summit 2<82t 

500  SBulwer 60@65c 

50  Tioga  Con 1.60 

2500  Tuscarora 5c 

1275  Tiptop 1.05(81 


MINING  SHAREHOLDERS'  DIRECTORY. 

Compiled  every  Thursday  from  Advertisements  in  Mining  and  Scientific  Press  and  other  S.  F.  Journals 
ASSESSMENTS-STOCKS  ON  THE  LISTS  OP  THE  BOAEDS. 


I 


Company. 

Aurora  T&MCo 
Belcher  S  M  Co 
Belvidere  M  Co 
Best  k  Belcher  M  Co 
Caledonia  S  M  Co 
Dudley  M  Co 

Florence  Blue  Gravel  M  Co 
Flowery  M  Co 
Gila  S  M  Co 
Goodehaw  M  Co 
Husaey  Con  G&SMCo 
Julia  Con  M  Co 
Justice  M  Co 
K  K  Consolidated 
Leopard  M  Co 
Lady  Bryan  M  Co 
Martin  White  M  Co 
Mayhelle  Con  M  Co 
McCrackin  Con  M  Co 
MonoGM  Co 
Navajo  M  Co 
North  Con  Virginia  M  Co 
Overman  S  M  Co 
Panther  M  Co 
PhilSheridanG&SCo 
Raymond  &  Ely  M  Co 
Resolute  T&MCo 
Savage  M  Co 
Silver  Hill  M  Co 
SilverPrizeG&SMCo 
Ward  G  &  S  M  Co 
Yellow  Jacket  S  M  Co 


Location. 

California  2 

Nevada  17 

California  2 

"Washoo  13 

Nevada  26 

California  2 

California  3 

Nevada  1 

Nevada  3 

California  21 

Nevada  7 

Nevada  8 

California  27 

Nevada  7 

Nevada  9 

Nevada  1 

Nevada  5 

California  2 

Arizona  2 

Bodie  2 

Nevada  5 

Nevada  15 

Nevada  43 

Nevada  10 

Nevada  8 

Nevada  10 

California  1 

Nevada  37 

Nevada  5 

Nevada  i 

California 


Nevada    31 


No.    Amt.  Lbvibd. 

2         20  Dec  7 

1  00  Feb  7 

20  Dec  7 

1  00  Jan  3 

50  Jan  31 

25  Jan  29 

03  Jan  22 

50  Jan  29 

25  Jan  22 

10  Jan  10 

15  Jan  20 

1  00  Jan  21 

1  00  Jan  10 

1  00  Jan  3 

50  Jau  3 

50  Jan  2 

1  50  Dec  14 

'   10  Jan  21 

50  Oct  22 

50  Jan  8 

20  Feb  4 

1  00  Jaii  18 

3  00  Jan  28 

10  Jan  2 

15  Jan  21 

1  00  Jan  7 

10  Dec  28 

l'OO  Feb  17 

50  Jan  3 

25  Febl 

30  Jau  10 

1  00  Jan  15 


Delino,' 

Jan  10 
Mar  12 
Jan  20 
Fob  6 
Mar  7 
Mar  3 
Feb  25 
Mar  4 

Mar  3 
Feb  20 
Feb  26 
Feb  27 
Feb  15 
Feb  6 
Feb  6 
Feb  2 
Jan  21 
Mar  12 
Jan  16 
Feb  12 
Mar  12 
Feb  21 
Mar  5 
Feb  6 
Feb  24 
Feb  12 
Mar  3 
Mar  11 
Feb  6 
Mar  6 
Feb  14 

Feb  19 


NT.  Salb. 
Feb  15 
April  1 
Feb  20 
Feb  26 
Mar  28 
Apr  1 
Maris 
Mar  21 
Mar  24 
MarlO 
Mar  21 
Mar  19 
Mar  5 
Mar  5 
Mar  28 
Feb  24 
Feb  21 
Mar  14 
Feb  15 
Mar  4 
April  3 
Mar  13 
Mar  26 
Feb  28 
Mar  17 
Mar  10 
Mar  31 
Mar  31 
Feb  28 
Mar  29 
Mar  6 
Mar  19 


Secretary. 
C  V  D  Hubbard 
Jno  Crockett 
CVD  Hubbard 
W  Willis 
W  Wegener 
E  C  Masten 
F  A  McGee 
W  W  Stetson 
Wm  W  Parish 
"Victor  Fembach 
R  H  Brown 
A  Noel 
R  E  Kelly 
B  B  Minor 
R  H  Brown 
C  V  Hubbard 
J  J  Scoville 
G  A  Holden 
H  A  Whiting 
W  H  Lent 
R  H  Brown 
G  C  Pratt 
Geo  D  Edwards 
J  W  Pew 
D  L  Thomas 
J  WPew 
J  L  Fields 
E  B  Holmes 
W  E  Dean 
W  H  Redington 
Jacob  Stadtfeld 
Mercer  Otey 


Place  of  Business 

312  California  st 

203  Bush  nt. 

312  California  st 

309  Montgomery  at 

414  California  st 

309  Montgomery  st 

Merchants  Ex 

309  Montgomery  st 

328  Montgomery  st 

327  Pine  st 

327  Pine  Bt 

419  California  st 

419  California  Bt 

310  Pine  et 

327  Pine  st 

Cosmopolitan  Hotel 

59  Nevada  Block 

301  Pine  st 

211  Sansome  at 

309  Montgomery  st 

327  Pine  at 

309  Montgomery  st 

414  California  st 

310  Pine  st 

203  Bush  st 

310  Pine  st 

240  Montgomery  at 

309  Montgomery  at 

203  BuBh  st 

11U  Lcideadorff  st 

419  California  at 

Gold  Hill  Nev 


OTHER  COMPANIES-NOT  ON  THE  LISTS  OP  THE  BOARDS. 


.  .OOcJ  550  .Summit,. 


90  Bechtel 55@75c 

230  Booker 45c 

300  Belvidere 50c 

390  Bulwer... 

100  Black  Hawk 60c 

100  Con  Pacific 11 

50  Day 35c 

220  Dudley 80c 

350  DeFrees Hte 

110  Eureka  Con 29jC*30 

400  Eadowment 20c 

545  Grand  Prize 5@6 

300  Goodshaw 40c 

795  Golden  Terra 5J 

400  Hussey 15c 

150  Hamburg .....75c 

150  Hillside 2W" 

1420  Highbridge....  1.40@1 
300  Independence.. ..1S@1. 70 

340  Jackaon 6J@6i 

200  Leeds 80c 

445  Leopard 90@85c 

120  Martin  White 6| 

10  Manhattan. 

520  Mono 

100  McClinton .jjOc 

275  Northern  Belle 
400  Navajo 

90  Oriental 40@50c 

1400  Paradise 2I@2 

430  Ray'dfc  Ely 6i@61 


50  S  Bodie 

25c 

100  SBulwer 

60c 

670  Summit 

,...1.95@2 

30  Silver  King. . 

li 

220  Tioga  Con... 

1! 

200  Tiptop 

li 

500  Tuscarora  . . . 

5c 

Tuesday  A.  SI. 

Feb.  11. 

H \  .I'mIu v  A.M.,  I Vb.  It. 

550  Andes 7C@65c 

340  Alpha 19i(ffl9| 

610  Alta mil 

630  B  &  Belcher 25J<£25$ 

2095  Bullion 8i@8| 

480  Belcher 7 

750  Benton &4@6 

10  Chollar 49 

630  Con  Virginia 7lCff7| 

240  California 8@7i 

490  Crown  Point 6<S6i 

410  Caledonia 3 

4235  Con  Imperial....  1J@1. 20 

'475  Confidence 19(q?18i 

1170  Challenge 4@4.15 

190  C  Dorado 60{oC65c 

465  Dardanelles 4J@4.70 

1795  Exchequer 7@t>i 

25  Flowery 35c 

440  Gould  &  Curry. .  .154@15g 

295  Hale  &  Nor 19i@19i 

330  Justice 5i@5| 

1100  Julia 4.30@4.20 

170  Kentuck. 6i 

1100  Leviathan 75@60c 

1130  Lady  Bryan 1.90@2 

180  Lady  Wash 2 

580  Mexican 39 

460  North  Con  Vir....9J@91 

430  New  York 95c@l 

455  N  Bonanza 1.90 

225  Overman Ill 

515  Ophir 39i@39i 

150  Plutus lj 

450  Phil  Sheridan 30c 

1025  Succor 1.05(al 

620  Savage 16. 55@16 

245  S  Nevada 48(347* 

120  Scorpion 1.60@1.65 

750  Solid  Silver 7Cc 

195  Silver  Hill 2.80@2.85 

1470  Trojan 40@35c 

40  Utah 18 

35  Union 61i@615 

1280  Ward 1.20@U 

25  Woodville 30c 

940  Yellow  Jacket. . .  .22£@23 

AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

750  Albion 50c 

2500  Argenta. 75@65c 

210  Bulwer 17fi<f*17i 

250  Bechtel 80@75c 

1060  Bodie 7£@7i 

300  Belvidere 65<g70c 

1000  Belle  Isle 20c 

400  Booker 40c 

400  CPacific li 

50  Dudley 90c 

3»0  Day 40c 

385  Eureka  Con 30 

400  Endowment 20c 

1200  Fourth  July 25c 

430  Gila 5c 

810  Grand  Prize 5J@5i 

400  Goodshaw 45@10c 

1000  Golden  Terra 5J 

.890  Highbridge 1.40@H 

100  Hussey 15c 

875  Independence  .1.70@1.80 

405  Jackson.... 7 

55  Leopard : 90c 

105  Leeds 60(rt65c 

25  M  White 5i 

20  Manhattan 3 

365  Mono 2 

270  Northern  Belle...  .8i@8i 

345  Navajo ,20c 

60  Ori  mtal 40c 

600  Paradise 2.05@2 

100  Real  del  Monte 32 


Advance  M  Co 

Argent  M  Co 

Black  Hawk  G  M  Co 

Booker  Con  G  M  Co 

Brilliant  M  Co 

Catawba  M  Co 

Carmelo  Bay  Coal  Co 

Cherokee  Flat  Blue  Grav  Co 

Day  S  M  Co 

Fairfax  M  Co 

Godfrey  Grnvel  M  Co 

Hackni-rry  M  &  M  Co 

MariposaLand  &  M  Co 

Mayflower  Gravel  M  Co 

McClinton  M  Co 

McMillen  S  M  Co 

Mount  Hood  M  Co 

Nevada  Gravel  M  Co 

Noonday  M  Co 

North  Star  G  M  Co 

Northern  Light  G  &  S  M  Co 

Pleiades  G  k  S  M  Co 

S  F  Petroleum  Co 

Slate  Creek  G  M  Co 

Summit  M  Co 

Vancouver  M  Co 

Wide  Awake  Prospecting  k  M 


300  Raymond  k  Ely 

7 

50  Richer 

60c 

200  Star  

80c 

525  Summit 

2.20@2i 

420  SBodie 

25c 

260  SBulwer 

.   ...60c 

125  Tiptop 

li@1.20 

100  Tioga  Con 

1.78 

California  2 

Nevada  4 

California  4 

California  1 

Nevada  1 

California  1 

California  2 

California  40 

Nevada  3 

Nevada  1 

California  4 

Arizona  3 

California  15 

California  3 

California  2 

Arizona  1 

Nevada  2 

California  5 

California  1 

California  1 

California  3 

Nevada  2 

California  5 

California  1 

California  7 

Nevada  2 

Co       Ariz  6 


50  Dec  19 
30  Jan  21 
25  Dec  10 
15  Jan  29 
05  Jan  13 
20  Jau  3 
25  Dec  20 
05  Dec  20 
05  Feb  6 
15  Jan  25 
05  Jan  17 
50  Jan  17 
1  00  Jan  10 
10  Jan  15 
25  Dec  24 
25    Nov  22 

15  Feb  3 
05  Dec  12 
10  Jan  2 
50  Jan  29 
10  Jan  23 
05    Dec  21 

16  Feb  6 
25    Jan  21 

"  Feb  4 
Feb  3 
Febl 


15 


Jan  28 

Mar  3 
Jan  11 
Mar  6 
Feb  17 
Feb  6 
Feb  20 
Jan  28 

Marl5 
Feb  28 
Feb  20 
Feb  24 
Feb  12 
Feb  20 
Jan  28 

Feb  10 
Mar  8 
Jan  15 
Feb  6 

Mar  5 
Mar  3 
Jan  24 
Mar  11 
Mar  3 
Mar  11 
Mar  8 
Majl 


Feb  21 
Mar  25 
Feb  25 
Mar  26 
Mar  9 
Feb  24 
Mar  20 
Feb  18 
April  8 
Mar  20 
Mar  13 
Mar  14 
Mar  12 
Mar  12 
Feb  18 
Mar  6 
Mar  28 
Feb  24 
Feb  27 
Mar  26 
Mar  24 
Feb  18 
Mar  31 
Mar  31 
April  8 
Mar  28 
April  5 


B  Lengley  309  California  et 

R  H  Brown  327  Pine  Bt 

B  S  Kellogg  306  Pine  st 

W  H  Lent  309  Montgomery  at 
Wm  A  Van  VanBokkelen         309  Cal 

B  S  Kellogg  306  Pine  at 

John  Greif  636  Washington  Bt 

R  N  Van  Bnmt  318  Pine  st 


J  W  Pew 

O  C  Miller 
J  M  Bufhngton 
N  C  Walton 
Leander  Leavitt 
J  Morizio 
W  H  Lent 
A  C  McMeans 
W  W  Bausman 
J  Penteeost 
G  A  Holden 
D  A  Jennings 
S  F  Monroe 
WL  Oliver 
Wendell  Easton 
J  L  Field  b 
R  N  Van  Brunt 
W  W  Bausman 
C  Hildebraudt 


MEETINGS  TO  BE  HELD. 


Name  of  Company. 
Glasgow  S  M  Co      , 
Mansfield  G  M  Co 
Pinal  M  &  M  Co 
Silver  Lick  Con  M  Co 
Trojan  M  Co 
William  Penn  M  Co 


Location.  Secretary. 

Nevada  Jno  Crockett 

California  J  M  Buffington 

Arizona  Amos  Roberta 


Office  in  S.  F. 
203  BuahBt 
309  California  st 
214  Sansome  st 


Alfred  K  Durbrow    309  Montgomeryst 


Nevada    David  Wilder 
o  J  Humphrey 


328  Montgomery  at 
328  Montgomery  at 


Meeting. 

Annual 
Annual 
Special 
Special 
Annual 
Annual 


310  Pine  at 

426  California  st 

309  California  et 

324  Pine  at 

309  Montg'y  st 

328  Montgomery  At 

327  Pine  st 

Safe  DcpoBit  Build 

409  California  at 

511  California  st 

310  Pine  st 

401  California  Bt 

419  California  st 

328  Montgomery  st 

22  Montgomery  Bt 

240  Montgomery  st 

318  Pine  Bt 

409  California  efc 

232  Sutter  B( 


Date 


LATEST  DIVIDENDS-WITHIN    THREE    MONTHS 


Name  cf  Company. 
Bodie  G  M  Co 
California  M  Co 
Excelsior  W  k  M  Co 
Eureka  Cou  M  Co 
Golden  Star  M  Co 
Indian  Queen  M  k  M  Co 
Independence  M  Co 
New  York  Hill  G  M  Co 
Silver  King  M  Co 
Standard  G  M  Co 


Location. 
California 

Nevada 
California 

Nevada 

Arizona 
California 

Nevada 

Arizona 
California 


Secretary. 
W  H  Lent 
C  P  Gordon 
G  P  Thurston 
W  VV  Traylor 
J  W  Morgau 
A  K  Durbrow 
R  H  Brown 
F  J  Herrmann 
W  H  Boothe 
W  Willis 


Office  in  S.  F. 

327  Pine  at 

23  Nevada  Block 

31H  California  st 

37  Nevada  Block 

318  Pine  st 

69  Nevada  Block 

327  Pine  et 

418  Kearny  st 

320  California  st 

309  Montgomery  at 


Amount. 
1  00 
1  00 

3  00 

25 

25 

25 

25 

50 
1  00 


Feb  25 
Feb  18 
Feb  19 
Feb  17 
Feb'21 
Feb  19 


Jan  20 
Jnn  16 
Jan  20 
Dec  20 
Dec  9 
Dec  17 
Nov  20 
Oct  24 
Oct  22 
Feb  12 


SALES  OF   LAST  WcEK   AND  THIS  COMPARED 


TliursdnyA.  M 

10  Alta 

105  Alpha 18K*18{ 

180  Andes 50c 

350  Bestfe  Belcher ...23(^231 

960  Bullion S$<&fy 

500  Belcher 6(ft6| 

265  Benton 5@5j 

315  Caledonia 2.85@2.95 

7155  Con  Imperial 1.20 

100  C  Dorado 60c 

1980  California 7ft@7S 

130  Challenge 4.10@4.30 

720  Con  Virginia 7|@7J 

760  Confidence 19j@20 

105  Chollar 49 

425  Crown  Point 5g@6 

1640  Dardanelles 4(94.05 

1270  Exchequer 6iJ<a6i 

1250  Flowery 35c 

705  Gould  &  Curry. .  .13B@13J 

100  Geo  Douglas 50c 

745  Hale  &  Nor 18@18i 

365  Justice 4@3.95 

1641  Julia 4(54.05 

320  Kentnck 7J@7J 

200  Koaauth 25c 

215  Lady  Wash lS'Z 

275  L  Bryan 1.15@1.20 

450  Leviathan ■-■•jf5c 

245  Mexican 

100  Morning  Star 3 

680  New  York 90@95c 

265  N  Con  Virginia. . .  .8J@9J 
750  N  Bonanza.... 1.70@1. 85 

130  Ophir 34i@34J 

210  Overman 104@10J 

635  Phil  Sheridan  .  ...30@40c 

300  Peytona 1 

100  Plutus 1.40 

145  SierraNevada 46@46i 

840  Savage 14I(ftl5£ 

300  Silver  Hill 2.45 

1600  Succor 1 

570  Scorpion IS 

700  Solid  Silver 70c 

840  Santiago 1.80 

150  Wells-Fargo 15c 

870  Ward 85@90c 

225  Woodville 40c 

610  Yellow  Jacket. .  .24g@25, 


AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

700  Argenta 60c 

100  Albion 30c 

600  Belmont 40c 


610  Belvidere 

250  Bodie 

50  Bechtel 

50  Booker 

150  Caledonia  (B  H) 

200  Dudley 

-710  Day 

245  Eureka  Cou 
820  Grand  Prize. 
375  Goodshaw... 

600  Hussey 

500  Highbridge. 
200  Hillside  .... 
330  Jackson  .... 


Feb.  6.  Thnrs<l'y  A.  ill.,  Feb.  13. 

"*    170  Alta 70011 

75  Andes 50(aJ25c 

115  Beatfc  Belcher. .. .25(825} 

2235  Belcher 7|@81 

2250  Bullion 8.O8A 

270  Benton 5JW5B 

240  California 7(f»7l 

385  Con  Virginia 7J(£71 

1590  Crown  Point 6|(rf 6l 

80  Chollar 46i@48 

3975  Con  Imperial. . .  .1.20^11 

325  Confidence 18@17| 

535  Caledonia 3@3.15 

1290  Challenge 4@4.10 

100  Dayton 50c 

545  Dardenelles 5@4 .  90 

1950  Exchequer 6J@6i 

2650  Flowery 45&50c 

215  Gould k  Curry....  15<3*14£ 

200  Geo  Douglas : .  .60c 

165  Hale  &  Nor 18i<q?18J 

30  Justice ■■;■! 

630  Julia 4i 

155  Kentuck 6i@6j 

30  Kossuth 10c 

250  Lady  Wash.... 1.90@1. 95 

740  Lady  Bryan 1J@1.80 

930  Leviathan 70@60c 

90  Mexican 39@38! 

100  Mackey .2.65 

300  New  York 85c 

430  North  Con  Vir 9J@9i 

590  N  Bonanza 2(efll.90 

150  Ophir 39 

580  Overman Ilj(ai2 

930  Phil  Sheridan 30c 

220  Sierra  Nevada. . .  .48@473 
220  Savage 15J@15f 

2710  Succor I 

460  Silver  Hill 2.80@2J 

307  Scorpion 1.65@1.60 

1000  Soud  Silver 70(5:650 

100  Trojan 40c 

165  Union  Con 6H@61i 

1100  Wells-Fargo 15c 

435  Ward 11 

1505  Yellow  Jacket... 22i@2lJ 

AFTERNOON  SE3BION. 

800  Argenta. 65c 

650  Albion 50c 

30  Bulwer 16i 

380  Bodie 78@7i 

250  Bechtel 60c 

225  Belmont 45@40c 

410  Booker 40@45o 

50  CPacific lj 

2450  Caledonia  (B  H).U@1.30 

100  Dudley 90c 

450  DeFrees 10c 

100  Day 40c 

80  Eureka  Con 29J@30 

525  Endowment 20c 

500  FourthJuly 30c 

1100  Gila 5c 

125  Goodshaw 40@59c 

810  Grand  Prize 4i@4J 

50  Hussey 10c 

10  Hamburg 70c 

30c  150  Highbridge 1J 

29@30i   330  Hillside 2J 

..4.60"("4i  1255  independence.. l/JO^M.'Jo 

...,30c   390  Jackson 7(*7g 

15@20c  100  LeedB 75c 

li@1.70   105  Martin  White 5J 

1.90  800  Mono 2 

7   345  Manhattan 2i@2J 


100  Leeds ..75c   350 

200  Leopard 85@90c    150 

200  Martin  White 5i@5E    300 

335  Mono It     60 

290  Northern  Belle 8  1050 

3200  Navajo 10@20c   165 

485  ParadiBe 21    300 

150  Raymond  k  Ely.  . .  .5@51     85 

625  Summit 1.90   200 

300  Star 75c     50 

100  S  Bodie 25c  350 

570  S  Bulwer 55(<t60c  1440 

400  Tiptop 1    895 

225  Tioga  Con.. li    105 


McClinton ;.50c 

Minnfetta  Bell 10c 

Navajo 2(K»25c 

Northern  Belle . . .  .8j@Si 

Paradise 2@-2.10 

Real  Del  Monte 4 

Raymonds  Ely...61@6* 

Silver  King 9 

S  Bulwer ^-....eOo 

SBodie \.....jfflc 

Summit 2.1££^.10 

Tuscarora  . . .- 5c 

Tioga  Con 1.60@1.80 

Tiptop 1.10<*1.20 


Pacific  Board— Latest  Sales. 


Wed*Kday  A.M.,  Feb.  13. 

10  Alpha 19J 

10  Alta 84 

160  Belcher 6J(g6.95 

95  Beat  &  Belcher.. .25i@251 

400  Bullion Si(<?8f 

130  Con  Virginia 73@7.80 

145  Con  Imperial.... 1.20(*11 

20  Chollar 49 

10  Crown  Point 6 

200  California 75 

20  Challenge 4.10 

70  Caledonia 3.05 

370  Exchequer 7 

310  Gould  &  Curry. .  .15|@15j 

50  Hale  k  Nor 19i@19J 

200  Justice 5i(a>5.45 

430  Julia 4i 

110  Mexican 39}@39 

90  Ophir 39J@391 

20  Overman US 

10  Savage 16 

10  Sierra  Nevada 47f 

280  Silver  Hill 2.95@2.8< 

60  Union  Con 601 

80  Utah 18@18i 

90  Yellow  Jacket 2i~ 

A  FTERNOON  SESSION. 

100  Alta i 

130  Andes 65c 

50  Black  Hawk 62ic 

150  Bullion 8J 

80  Belcher 7i 

20  Best  k  Belcher ?:>'. 

30  Benton 5g@6 


25  Bodio 7i@8 

340  Con  Imperial..  ..1.20@l| 

5U  Caledonia 3.05 1 

30  Con  Virginia 7! 

10  California 7i 

50  Challenge 4f 

20  Crown  Point 6J 

100  Endowment 22o 

150  Exchequer  6j@6i 

200  Geo  Douglas 60c 

50  Grand  Prize 5} 

10  Haletfc  Nor 19, 

100  Highbridge 14 

130  Justice 5i 

50  Julia 4.30@4| 

20  Kentuck 6(i*6i 

100  L  Bryan 21 

20  Lady  Wash 2 

10  North  Con  Vir 91 

50  N  Bonanza 2 

100  New  York 95c 

20  Ophir 38J@39i 

130  Phil  Sheridan  . . .  .30@28c 

215  Plutus 2.65 

70  Raymond  k  Ely 6i 

300  Rook  Island 25c 

285  Succor 1@1.10 

340  Santiago 2.20 

320  Silver  Hill 2.90<a2J 

400  Solid  Silver 6Cc 

250  Trojan 37i@35c 

150  Ward 1} 

200  WellB-Fargo 20o 

140  Yellow  Jacket... r"" 


California  Board— Latest  Sales. 


nxi'sdnjA-M.,  Feb.  13, 

50  Alpha 20@20j 

85  Alta 8@8j 

150  Alpine 60c 

900  ^tna 9@12c 

150  Andes 67i@65c 

30  Best  &  Belcher 25J 

40  Belcher 7 

20  Bullion 8J 

40  California 8 

30  Con  Virginia £ 

340  Con  Imperial.  ...1.22i@ll 

70  Crown  Point. .  b@5j 

135  Challenge 3.95@4 

40  Chollar ' 

75  Caledonia 3L.  „ 

100  CDorado b5c 


50  Dayton 40c 

65vExchequer 6J@7 

100  Favorite 65o 

70  Gould  b  Curry ....  15@16i 

200  GDeposit 75o 

200  Globe 2o 

65  Halei  NorcTOBB.19i(»19J 

65  Justice 5j|@5i 

135  Julia 4.30@4.20 

100  Leviathan 67Je 

50  Mexican 39 

25  Mackey 6i 

1C0  NUniou 40c 

200  Newark 20c 

150  New  York 95@97ic 

60  Ophir 381 

30  Savage « 


February  15,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


101 


20  Sierra  Nevada  M 

1100  Twin  Peak* .5c 


J.85®J.90i  100  Favorite 65c 


400  Trojau *2|c     15  Hale  1  Nor 

35  Union  Con *1      " 

3000  r  nw ..u 

120  Ward     l.tt 

30  Yellow  Jacket 23 


GO  Gould  *  Curry-.. 15W15| 
100  G  Depoait 86c 


A  FT  1*  WOO «  a«saio 

IA     » 

40  Alt* 

MO  Antlw 50<g60c 

100  Alma-leu  y lj 

500  vfctiia He 

6j  Bullion        SfcrfS 

SO  Beat  k  B.  leber  , .  .-*U4*  ii 

45  Belcher 7 

40  Oon  Virginia 


I  Croiru  Point 6i«*€ 

J  C>n  Imperial   .  .1;   '1  22 

■  n. 5c 

•  Oullforola  .7j 

j  CiiallcU-v t.axrftl 

)  C  Dorado 55* 

j  BndowmoDt.    30o 

j  BntarprtM  

)  £ictif|iu-r F0T.QB 


50  HilLUe 

50  Julia 4, 40.H.3S 

100  Loriattaan C5v 

300  Mint 16c 

3000  Monumental 4c 

40  Mexican »l 

lou  M  Sirrr*  Nevada Sc 

«  N  OOB  Vlr '.'1 

ISO  New  York 95<&Wlc 

40  Ophir Wj 

40  Uvertnau llf 

100  Pbll  .Sheridan 3t>c 

40  Savage 161(016 

•m  Senator 35c 

40  Sierra  Nevada 48 

300  Santiago 2.20o«t 

300  Tiger 

300  Trojan 42c 

40U  Twin  P«aka 5c 

3D  Utah 181 

lOuo  UFlag 1c 

120  Ward 11 

100  Wale* 1 

45  rellovJutel..   BK)Bi 


Mining  Share  Market 

The  past  week  has  been  more  exciting  and 
^■tive  than  any  for  some  time  heretofore.  The 
npeeted,  upward  tendency  noted  in  our  lust 
issue,  has  been  partially  realized  ;  a  sharp  ad- 
vance all  along  the  line  of  the  Coins  toeka  hav- 
ing been  experienced. 

The  amicable  settlement  between  the  Com* 
atock  companies  and  the  Sutro  Tunnel  com- 
pany, inaugurated  this  move  for  the  better,  and 
though  no  important  ore  bodies  have  been 
■truck,  the  new  lease  of  life,  which  this  ar- 
rangement gives  to  the  mines,  the  utility  ef  the 
tunnel  as  a  means  of  drainage  and  better  ven- 
tilation, and  the  certainty  that  in  conjunction 
with  it,  new  deep  explorations  can  be  made  in 
entirely  virgin  ground,  sufficed  to  create  the 
strong  upward  impetus  above  noticed. 

Even  the  upward  movement  in  Yellow  Jacket 
laet  week  gave  way  to  the  interest  elsewhere 
awakened  along  the  Comstock.  The  principal 
movement  on  the  north  was  in  Ophir  and  Mex- 
ican. Among  the  water  stocks,  Savage  and 
Hale  &  Norcross  were  the  center  of  interest. 
Later,  the  leading  Btocks  of  Bodie  and  other 
outside  districts  became  active,  showing  that 
more  interest  is  being  taken  in  them  as  the 
spring  advances.  The  latter  part  of  the  week 
showed  less  confidence  and  prices  were  lower. 
Outsiders  did  not  appear  to  appreciate 
the  services  rendered  them  by  manipula- 
tors in  advancing  "  securities"  to  a  higher 
standard,  refusing  to  be  accomodated 
even  at  previous  prices.  At  the  close  of  the 
week,  prices  somewhat  recovered,  and  after  a 
steady  stand,  are  again  somewhat  on  the  in- 
crease. No  Bharp  rally  is  looked  for,  but  more 
confidence  is  expressed  in  the  general  gradual 
rise,  than  would  have  been  in  case  of  a  sudden 
spurt.  In  passing  its  February  dividend,  Cali- 
fornia has  caused  some  disappointment,  it  hav- 
ing been  generally  supposed  that  the  now 
reduced  rates  could  have  been  kept  up  some- 
what longer.  This  extinguishes  the  last  of  the 
dividend- paying  mines  on  the  Comstock — takes 
away  its  "nest-egg,"  as  it  were.  Meantime  the 
Bodie,  Eureka  ana  other  dividend-paying  mines 
continue  to  disburse  their  usual  amount  of  net 
earnings,  and  the  productive  mines  everywhere 
to  ship,  their  usual  complement  of  bullion, 
indicating  an  active  and  healthful  condition  of 
this  industry. 

Throughoat  the  California  mines,  more  es- 
pecially in  the  hydraulic  washings,  great  activ- 
ity is  noticeable  since  the  advent  of  the  recent 
heavy  rains,  whereby  the  reservoirs  have  been 
filled  and  the  ditches  supplied  to  overflowing. 
The  year  now  promises  to  be  a  moderately 
good  one  with  every  class  of  placer  mines. 


IINING     -SUMMARY. 


The  following  it  mostly  condensed  from  journals  pub- 
lished iu  the  interior,  in  proximity  to  the  mines  mentioned. 


Bullion  Shipments. 

Since  our  last  issue,  we  have  noticed  the  fol- 
lowing bullion  shipments: 

Highbridge,  Feb.  7th,  $10,027.35;  California, 
Feb.  5th,  $129,817.88;  Bodie,  Feb.  7th,  $9,400; 
Hillside,  Feb.  5th,  $5,370;  Hillside,  Feb.  9th, 
$5,200;  Standard,  Feb.  6th,  $19,917.38;  North- 
ern Belle,  Feb.  6th,  $3,972.35;  Alexander,  Feb. 
Uth,  $3,693.64;  Tvbo  Con.,  Feb.  7th,  $4,407.- 
60;  Leopard,  Feb.  9th,  $6,800;  Independence; 
Feb.  10th,  $4,000;  Grand  Prize,  Feb.  10th, 
$12,500;  Hillside,  Feb.  11th,  $5,150;  Indian 
Queen,  Feb.  3d,  $3,780.45;  Northern  Belle, 
Feb.  8th,  $6,076.47. 


Meteorology. — Our  knowledge  concerning 
rainfall  at  different  points  on  the  Pacific  coast 
is  being  constantly  added  to,  and  the  Btudy  is 
generally  associated  with  some  interesting  con- 
dition of  physical  geography,  or  physical  science, 
having  a  general  and  a  wider  bearing.  Investi- 
gations of  this  sort  are  certainly  practical 
enough  ;  though  there  is  often  at  first  glance,  as 
in  other  departments  of  science,  little  but 
abstract  science  to  be  seen  on  the  surface.  Mr. 
Purnell  concludes  his  series  of  articles  on 
"Cosmic  Meteorology"  in  this  issue.  The 
original  observations  of  Dr.  Blake,  Prof.  Le 
Conte  and  several  others,  before  the  Academy 
of  Sciences,  and  its  sections,  are  to  the  point. 


The  vote  of  Texas  has  increased  50,000  in 
two  years,  which  indicates  an  increase  of  popu- 
lation in  that  time*  of  between  300,000  and 
400,000. 


CALIFORNIA. 
AMADOR. 

Mining  Notes.—  Ledger,  Feb.  8:  In  the  280 
:iud  270  levels  of  the  Bunker  mine  the  rock  con- 
tinues as  good  as  ever.  A  steam  pump  has 
been  put  into  thy  270  level  to  throw  the  water 
up  to  the  70  foot  drain  tunnel.  Another  body 
of  ore  has  been  found  in  the  350  Level,  which  it 
U  expected  will  turn  out  well.  In  the  bottom 
level,  45*1  feet,  the  ledge  has  been  found  six 
feet  iu  thickness  and  gradually  getting  larger. 
The  mill  is  kept  running  all  the  time  and  pays 
well.  The  Con.  Amador  made  a  monthly  clean- 
up Sunday.  Only  one-half  the  milling  capacity, 
or  20  stamps,  was  kept  in  operation.  The  yield 
was  in  the  neighborhood  of  $10,000 — a  great 
shrinkage  from  the  output  of  gold  in  its  pristine 
daye.  The  old  works  are  closed,  with  little 
prospect  of  their  ever  becoming  the  scene  of 
activity  again.  It  does  not  follow,  however, 
that  the  mine  is  exhausted.  The  mill  is  kept 
running  to  its  full  capacity  on  rock  from  the 
Wolverine  tunnel  and  Badger  shaft.  At  the 
Talisman  mine,  near  Amador  City,  things  are 
looking  more  hopeful  than  for  many  months 
past.  In  drifting  north,  towards  the  Keystone, 
a  body  of  quartz  of  fair  quality  has  been  struck. 
The  mill  has  been  operating  on  this  rock  for  a 
couple  of  weeks.  Water  was  turned  into  the 
More  ditch  Tuesday,  and  the  new  10-stamp 
mill  was  started  Thursday.  All  the  works  con- 
nected with  this  mine  are  of  the  most  substan- 
tial character. 

CALAVERAS. 

Upper  Country  Mining  Jots. — Chronicle, 
Feb.  8:  The  work  of  sinking  the  shaft  in  the 
Champion  mine  at  West  Point  is  progressing 
rapidly.  It  is  now  down  490  feet — the  deepest 
shaft  in  the  county  east  of  the  Gwin  mine.  The 
mills  in  connection  with  the  mine  are  in  con- 
stant operation,  the  ore  crushed  being  first 
grade.  The  shaft  in  the  San  Pedro,  at  Mos- 
quito, is  down  100  feet  and  deepening  as  fast  as 
the  bottom  can  be  knocked  out  of  it. 

Gwin  Mine. — The  volume  of  water  encoun- 
tered in  the  Gwin  mine  continues  so  large  that 
it  has  been  found  necessary  to  put  in  a  larger 
pump  from  the  1500  level  up  to  the  first  station 
above.  The  work  is  now  being  done,  opera- 
tions at  the  mine  not  being  interfered  with  in 
consequence,  however.  All  the  batteries  are 
busy  and  will  be  kept  so.  Rock  has  lately 
been  struck  in  the  1500  level,  the  ledge  show- 
ing from  six  to  eight  feet  in  width  and  the  ore 
being  of  fair  quality. 

EL  DORADO 

The  Mines.— Republican,  Feb.  6:  The  El 
Dorado  canal  is  frozen,  keeping  in  check  the 
claims  dependent  on  it  for  water,  the  Park  canal 
company  sending  down  sufficient  water  to  sup- 
ply the  demand  aside  from  the  Tennessee  claim. 
The  Utah  mine  at  Newtown  is  also  supplied 
from  the  latter  canal,  and  the  mill  has  been 
running  about  two  weeks.  On  the  North-Bide 
the  Gold  Deposit  was  atarted  up  last  Monday, 
the  new  concentrators  having  been  put  in  place. 

Mining  about  Kelsey. — Mountain  Democrat, 
Feb.  8:  We  still  receive  highly  encouraging  re- 
ports from  the  Gold  Deposit  mine.  The  grad- 
ing for  the  new  concentrator  has  been  comple- 
ted, and  the  work  of  putting  the  machinery  to- 
gether has  commenced.  The  mill  was  started 
up  for  a  test  last  Monday.  Ore  is  being  taken 
from   the  lower    level,    which   carries   a  large 

?ercentage  of  sulphurets  of  the  finest  character. 
n  that  level  the  ore  body  remains  firm  and 
gives  promise  of  cheering  results,  both  as  to 
quantity  and  quality.  Work  is  being  prosecu- 
ted on  the  Esperanza  mine,  which  is  situated 
about  one  mile  north  of  Johntown  and  within 
the  great  gold-bearing  belt  of  that  section.  The 
ore  body  in  the  Esperanza  is  from  two  and  a 
half  to  four  feet  in  width,  and  prospects  well. 
A  tunnel  is  being  run  to  tap  it  at  a  depth  of 
about  100  feet.  The  Mansfield  has  been  re- 
located under  the  suggestive  title  of  the 
"Cinche"  mine. 
INYO, 

New  Finds. — Independent,  Jan.  25:  Fine 
gold  quartz  discoveries  have  been  made  near 
the  foot  of  the  lake,  and  there  is  some  excite- 
ment in  relation  to  the  matter.  Quite  a  num- 
ber of  persons  from  Cerro  Gordo  and  the  hills 
around,  have  rushed  off  to  some  re-discovered 
mines  of  Saline  valley,  some  25  miles  from  Cerro 
Gordo.  A  new  district  is  being  organized  there 
called  Mineral  King. 

The  Eclipse. — The  Eclipse  mill  is  running  15 
stamps  on  gold  ore  when  the  weather  permits. 
Superintendent  Eudey  is  fitting  up  a  five-stamp 
battery  to  run  on  silver  ore,  and  a  new  amalga- 
mating pan  and  a  separate  reservoir  for  tail- 
ings. 
MONO- 
Weekly  Mining  Review. — Bodie  Standard, 
Feb.  8  :  The  work  of  developing  our  mines  is 
being  advanced  with  gratifying  rapidity,  and 
each  week's  report  improves  the  record  upon 
which  we  shall  demand  the  attention  of  the 
world  to  this  district  the  coming  spring. 
Already,  upon  the  (Strength  of  the  mild  weather 
which  we  have  enjoyed  thus  far  during  the 
winter,  quite  an  immigration  of  strangers  has 
commenced  to  Bet  in,  anxious  to  be  on  hand  in 
good  season  to  participate  in  the  lively  times 
which  everybody  believes  to  be  in  the  near 
future.     During  the   past  week   the   Standard, 


Bodie  and  Bulwer  mines  have  been  visited  by 
parties  of  extended  experience  in  mines,  who  ex- 
press what  would  Beeui  almost  exaggerated 
confidence  in  the  vastuess  of  the  wealth  as  yet 
uuextrat-tcd  from  their  depths.  The  probability 
of  finding  the  Standard  veins  continuing  in  the 
Tioga  at  the  north  are  so  great  as  to  render  it 
almost  a  certainty.  The  prospects  of  opening 
out  a  vein  in  the  Blackhawk,  now  that  a  shaft 
is  beiug  sunk  on  the  south  end  of  that  com- 
pany, are  first-class.  The  "lightning  drift," 
300  level  of  the  Dudley  mine,  has  not  yet 
cut  the  Dudley  ledge,  but  it  must  reach  it  in  a 
few  days.  We  have  heard  pretty  well  authen- 
ticated rumors  of  a  strike  of  some  importance  in 
the  Maybelle  mine,  said  to  be  of  base  ore,  which 
assays  $100  per  ton  iu  silver.  The  Red  Cloud 
is  crosscutting  west  on  its  400  level,  and  great 
things  are  anticipated  of  the  Packard  and  Mor- 
ton vein,  which  will  be  cut  150  feet  below  the 
point  of  discovery  on  the  250  level.  The  Noon- 
day is  looking  very  nicely,  and  the  Richer  is 
said  to  bo  taking  out  some  very  rich  ore. 

Auout  Benton. — Inyo  Independent,  Feb.  1: 
The  mines  around  Benton  give  more  promises 
than  pay.  The  Neal  mine  is  developing,  also, 
the  Sultan  Hill.  The  Indian  district  contains 
fine  prospects.  The  croppings  there  assaying 
from  $30  to%,$65.  Capital  is  all  this  country 
wants  to  make  it  a  nourishing  section.  The 
Clover  mines  are  extensive  and  rich  ;  wood  and 
water  being  handy,  they  can  be  cheaply  worked. 
The  Indian  Queen  is  giving  great  satisfaction. 
A  new  company  will  start  up  the  old  Comanche 
works.  Many  other  claims  present  good  pros- 
pects. 
NEVADA. 

Watt  Gravel  Mine. — Grass  Valley  Union, 
Feb.  9:  The  main  east  drift  is  iu  1225  feet;  the 
lava  has  been  passed  and  gravel  found  on  the 
bedrock  again;  the  bedrock  is  of  a  soft  blue 
slate.  The  north  proBpect  drift  has  been  run 
60  feet,  the  bedrock  is  slate.  There  is  no 
change  in  the  gravel  and  all  work  below  the 
main  drift  has  been  stopped. 

Pittsburg. — Of  this  mine,  situated  in  the 
Nevada  district,  the*  Superintendent's  letter  of 
the  1st  inst.  says:  The  lode  in  the  600-foot 
drifts  presents  well,  it  being  well  defined, 
carrying  rich  sulphurets.  The  stopes  at  700- 
foot  also  present  favorably,  yielding  large 
quantities  of  good  ore.  The  800-foot  stopes  are 
being  worked  and  yielding  well.  The  lode  at 
the  800-foot  is  large  and  producing  large  quan- 
tities of  ore.  The  mill  is  running  well  and 
doing  good  work. 

Idaho. — Foothill  Tidings:  On  account  of  the 
loss  of  time  by  reason  of  ice  in  the  ditch,  the 
bullion  yield  last  month  was  only  $39,500,  but 
the  usual  monthly  dividend  of  $7.50  per  share, 
amounting  to  $23,250,  was  declared  on  Monday, 
payable  immediately.  This  makes  the  114th 
regular  dividend  paid  by  the  company,  amount- 
ing in  all  to  $2,600,750,  out  of  a  total  yield  of 
the  mine  of  $5,302,204. 

Items.— Transcript,  Feb.  8:  The  Manzanita 
gravel  mine  near  this  city  continues  to  be  work- 
ed a  part  of  the  time,  although  the  supply  of 
water  is  light.  There  is  at  present  running  in 
the  main  ditch  of  the  South  Yuba  Canal  Com- 
pany about  3,000  inches  of  water.  There  has 
been  a  slight  increase  in  the  head  during  the 
past  few  days,  owing  to  the  warm  weather 
thawing  trut  the  small  Btreams  that  lead  into 
South  Yuba  river  and  Deer  creek. 
PLACER. 

Various  Camps.—  Herald,  Feb. 8:  Messrs. 
Lerman  and  Stuart,  who  have  been  engaged  for 
some  time  past  in  running  an  incline  in  their 
drift  claim,  near  Grizzly  Flat,  have  struck  a  fine 
proBpect,  which  they  think  is  sufficient  induce- 
ment for  them  to  run  a  tunnel  of  700  feet  on  a 
grade  sufficient  to  work  their  ground.  August 
Hazelroth  has  also  struck  a  good  prospect  in 
his  drift  claim  adjoining  the  Rough  &  Ready. 
This  will  assure  that  company  in  prosecuting 
work  in  their  claim  with  vigor  and  satisfaction. 
But  little  water  in  the  ditches  at  present,  and 
buainesa  rather  dull.  On  Saturday  last  the 
Orion  Co.,  at  Dutch  Flat,  discharged  a  blast  in 
their  claim  of  175  kegs  of  powder.  The  reBult 
was  an  admirable  success. 
PLUMAS. 

Gibsonvtlle.  — Plumas  National,  Feb.  1: 
The  Bootjack  mine  is  turning  out  good  pay, 
and  a  nugget  weighing  $81,  was  picked  up  in 
their  dump  a  few  days  ago.  The  Michigan  is 
showing  good  pay  dirt,  and  Mr.  Lowell  thinks 
he  has  got  the  old  lead  as  good  as  ever.  During 
the  rain  the  company  washed  up  about  a  third 
of  the  dump-pile,  dirt  that  was  not  expected  to 
pay  but  little,  and  they  were  agreeably  sur- 
prised by  a  clean-up  of  $1,300.  The  North 
American  company  is  running  two  tunnels,  and 
have  good  prospects.  The  mines  in  the  Gibson- 
ville  neighborhood  seem  to  be  holding  their  own 
and  the  spring  will  probably  be  a  lively  one. 
SAN  LUIS  OBISPO. 

La  Panza  District.— South  Coast,  Feb.  5: 
On  our  arrival  at  La  Panza  district  we  found 
some  200  men  actively  employed,  four-fifths  of 
whom  are  native  Californians — some  men  dig- 
ging, some  men  packing  pay.  dirt  to  water,  some 
rocking,  aome  panning,  many  walking  over  the 
country  prospecting;  all  sanguine,  all  concur- 
ring in  the  wish  for  more  rain.  The  main  en- 
campment is  in  La  Panza  canyon,  in  which, 
and  its  tributaries,  ravines  and  gulches,  is  done 
all  the  present  mining;  prospects  of  fine  gold  are 
found  nearly  everywhere  in  the  water  couraes; 
coarse  gold  is  found  in  the  ravineB  and  gulches. 
The  great  scarcity  of  water  at  present  in  this 
locality,  and  the  lack  of  skilled  labor,  is  the 
cause  of  the  placers  not  yielding  larger  amounts 
to  the  operators.     Evidences  are  that  "pock- 


ets," or  rich  deposits  of  gold,  exist  in  the  lower 
hills  and  fiats  which  wash  into  the  ravines  and 
gulches  which  are  tributary  to  the  La  Panza. 
The  find  in  the  present  workings  is  indicative  of 
what  ought  to  exist  in  other  parts  of  the  dis- 
trict which  is  more  favored,  having  a  large  area 
of  water-shed  and  an  immense  deposit  of  cement 
gravel.  The  belt  of  cement  gravel  has  a  length 
of  six  miles  (the  distance  explored  and  prospect- 
ed by  me)  and  a  width  of  two  miles.  The  to- 
pography of  the  country  to  the  south  and  east 
on  the  line  of  the  cement  gravel  shows  it  to  be 
much  broken.  The  belt  lays  in  a  deep  basin  or 
channel;  the  cement  gravel  has  the  color  and 
character  of  the  gravel  belt  of  Forest  Hill  and 
Yankee  Jim,  in  Placer  Co.,  of  You  Bet  and  Lit- 
tle York,  in  Nevada  Co.,  of  Monte  Christo,  in 
Sierra  Co.,  and  various  hydraulic  banka  in 
Yuba  Co.,  although  the  water  shed  is  larger  in 
area;  there  never  is  water  enough  to  work  by 
the  hydraulic  process. 
SHASTA- 

Copper  City  Mining  Itens. — Reading  Inde- 
pendent, Feb.  8;  The  continued  fine  weather 
for  the  past  week  has  rendered  it  favorable  for 
mining  companies  to  pursue  their  workings  with- 
out interruption,  and  well  have  they  improved 
the  opportunity.  The  Extra  company  have 
their  tramway  completed  and  are  now  carrying 
from  Bully  hill  to  the  company's  mill  about  40 
tons  of  ore  per  day,  which  is  being  reduced  at 
said  mill  with  ita  usual  good  results.  This 
company  have  just  completed  their  new  Bmelt- 
ing  furnace  and  will  make  a  teat  of  ita  workings 
to-day,  and  as  there  are  many  thousand  tons  of 
good  copper  ore  in  this  district,  which  will  pay 
well  if  successfully  worked  by  thia  process.  We 
are  all  waiting  anxiously  the  result  of  the  smelt- 
era  to-day.  As  there  are  two  other  companies 
who  have  endlesa  quantities  of  good  smelting 
ore,  it  will  make  times  very  lively  in  thiB  place 
the  coining  spring,  as  there  will  doubtless  be  a 
number  of  these  furnaces  erected.  The  Potter 
mine  shows  better  as  they  sink  deeper,  opening 
up  a  wonderful  body  of  rich  ore.  The  tunnels 
in  the  Northern  Light  and  Winthrop  mines  are 
being  pushed  forward  as  fast  as  posaible. 
SIERRA. 

Howland  Flat.  —  Downieville  Messenger, 
Feb.  8  :  When  "The  Empire"  stopped  work, 
about  40  white  men  were  Bent  adrift.  Some 
have  gone  to  Forest  City  to  work  in  the  cele- 
brated "Bald  Mountain,"  some  to  Gibsonville, 
and  neighboring  towns.  We  all  hope  the  Bon- 
anza company  will  soon  be  in  with  their  tunnel, 
for  it  will  then  be  in  their  power  to  call  the 
miners  back  and  restore  the  lively  times.  The 
Empire  paid  well  every  month.  The  Bonanza 
will  probably  do  the  same.  If  it  pays  well,  how 
much  better  it  would  be  for  the  people  of  the 
town,  and  alao  the  Bonanza  company,  if  the 
latter  would  employ  white  men  only.  That 
would  "make  things  lively."  Not  only  that; 
look  at  the  example  set  for  other  companiea. 
The  Buttes  Quartz  Co.  is  working  about  100 
men  but  the  present  storm  will  probably  enable 
them  to  put  on  a  full  force. 
TUOLUMNE. 

Valuable  Mine. — Independent,  Feb.  8:  The 
Basin  Slope  mine,  located  about  eight  miles 
weBt  of  Cherokee  in  this  county,  shows  im- 
mense bodies  of  rich  galena  sulphureted  ore, 
assaying  from  $200  to  $350  per  ton.  The  mine 
is  the  property  of  Messrs.  Lewis  Broa. 

The  Melones  Mine. — The  immenae  reduc- 
tion works  at  Melones  mine,  near  Robinson's 
Ferry,  are  nearly  if  not  quite  complete,  and 
many  will  await  with  considerable  intereat  the 
result  of  the  venture.  The  machinery  is,  so  to 
speak,  incomprehensibly  grand  and  intricate  to 
the  eye  of  a  tyro  in  mechanism ;  in  fact,  the 
daze  of  belting,  ehafting  and  pulleys  is  like  unto 
a  drunken  man's  dream.  But  if  it  works  up  to 
schedule  it  will  be  a  grand  thing.  A  great  por- 
tion of  the  machinery  was  brought  from  Boston. 
As  the  process  has  proved  aucceasful  in  reducing 
the  tellurium  ores  of  Arizona,  it  is  confidently 
expected  to  operate  as  well  upon  the  rich  but 
rebellious  matter  of  the  Carson  Hill  mines.  It 
is  a  big  thing,  and  has  coat  a  mint  of  money. 

YOLO. 

California  Quicksilver  Mine. — Yolo  Mail, 
Feb.  6  :  R.  G.  Hart  assistant  Superintendent 
of  the  California  Quicksilver  mine,  made  us  a 
call  yesterday.  He  reports  the  mine  doing 
much  better  than  for  a  year  past,  but  the  com- 
pany only  running  a  force  of  30  hands  as  miners. 
They  are  running  two  furnaces  constantly — one 
for  the  reduction  of  tine  ore,  and  one  for  coarse 
ore.  With  quicksilver  at  39  cents  per  pound, 
the  mines  yielded  sufficient  during  the  month  of 
January  to  produce  $3,000  over  and  above  all 
expenses,  including  the  per  cent,  paid  for  sale 
of  quicksilver.  This  is  a  pretty  good  showing 
for  so  amall  a  force  of  workmen. 

NEVADA. 

WASHOE  DISTRICT. 

Sierra  Nevada.—  Gold  Hill  News,  Feb.  12: 
To-day  the  southeast  drift  on  the  1700  level 
will  reach  a  point  directly  under  the  North 
Con.  Virginia  shaft.  Aa  soon  as  the  necessary 
arrangements  are  completed,  an  upraise  to  con- 
nect with  the  bottom  of  the  shaft  will  be  com- 
menced. When  this  connection  is  completed, 
the  ventilation  of  the  mine  will  be  the  beat  pos- 
sible down  to  the  1700  level.  Work  is  being 
pushed  vigorously  at  all  points. 

California.— The  north  drift,  on  the  2150 
level,  running  to  connect  with  the  south  drift 
on  the  2000  level  of  the  Ophir,  is  now  in  120 
feet,  the  face  in  very  hard  blasting  ground.  In 
the   drift  south   from   the   Ophir,  on  the  2000 

Continued  011  paare  108. 


102 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[February  15,  1879. 


What  the   English  think  of  our  State 
Pride. 

A  correspondent  of  the  London  Times  has 
been  in  this  country,  and  touches  off  our  State 
pride  in  this  manner. 

The  rivalry  which  prevails  among  all  the 
States  of  the  American  Union  is  especially  keen 
and  conspicuous  in  Minnesota.  Each  State, 
from  rugged  Maine  to  sunny  Florida,  and  from 
imperial  New  York  to  golden  California,  con- 
siders that  no  other  one  rivals  or  excels  it.  The 
citizens  of  each  speak  as  if  they  had  been  placed 
by  a  kind  Providence  on  the  most  favored  spot 
of  the  whole  earth,  and  they  regard  the  stranger 
who  doubts  whether  their  good  fortune  be 
wholly  exceptional  as  a  person  who  is  utterly 
ignorant  and  inexcusably  prejudiced.  Indeed, 
a  new  comer  will  ingratiate  himself  the  most 
easily  with  the  citizens  of  a  particular  State  if 
he  can  look  upon  all  others,  for  the  time  being, 
through  their  spectacles.  His  wisest  course 
will  be  to  copy  the  example  of  the  Frenchman 
ridiculed  and  stigmatized  by  the  late  Gen.  Sir 
Charles  Napier.  That  renowned  soldier  and 
eccentric  man  entertained  the  conviction  that 
all  Frenchmen  are  hypocrites,  and  he  illustrated 
this  harsh  and  ungenerous  opinion  by  saying, 
"If  a  Frenchman  were  to  go  to  hell,  he  would 
put  on  an  overcoat,  compliment  the  Devil  on 
the  fineness  of  the  climate,  and  add  that,  if  any- 
thing, it  was  rather  chilly."  I  once  said  some- 
thing to  a  Pennsylvanian,  alike  laudatory  and 
merited,  with  regard  to  his  State.  He  accepted 
the  compliment  as  a  matter  of  course,-  and 
replied,  "That's  so;  Pennsylvnia  is  best  in  every- 
thing. "  Traveling  in  Colorado  shortly  after  the 
late  total  eclipse  of  the  sun,  I  remarked,  in  the 
presence  of  several  citizens,  it  was  fortunate 
that  the  weather  had  been  so  favorable  there 
for  the  purpose  of  observation.  One  of  them 
told  me,  in  reply,  "Sir,  Colorado  can  beat  the 
world  in  eclipses,  as  in  everything  else." 

These  instances  might  be  multiplied.  They 
all  exhibit  that  pride  in  one's  State,  which  is  as 
notable  a  characteristic  of  a  United  States 
citizen  as  pride  in  his  country.  When  Capt. 
Basil  Hall  traveled  in  North  America  he 
bitterly  complained  of  the  pertinacity  with 
which  everyone  demanded  his  opinion  about 
it,  and  of  the  extreme  annoyance  which  was 
manifested  if  the  reply  was  not  unreservedly 
complimentary.  It  is  far  less  common  now 
than  in  bygone  days  for  a  stranger  to  be  ques- 
tioned concerning  his  views  of  the  Republic  as 
a  whole,  and  to  be  expected  to  draw  a  flatter- 
ing comparison  between  it  and  what  the  igno- 
rant call  the  effete  monarchies  of  Europe.  It 
is  far  more  probable  that  he  will  be  asked  by 
the  citizens  of  one  State  what  he  thinks  of 
another,  and  then,  unless  he  display  a  little  of 
that  French  politenees  which  Sir  Charles 
Napier  detested,  he  will  give  as  much  offence 
as  Capt.  Basil  Hall  gave  when  he  denied  that 
the  United  States  was  the  only  land  worth 
living  in. 

Cosmic  Meteorology.— No.  4. 

[Written  for  the  Press  by  Samuel  Puknell.] 
As  to  the  cause  of  sun-spots  a  curious  theory 
was  broached  many  years  ago,  and  recently  it 
has  been  pretty  well  confirmed,  to  the  effect 
that  they  are  caused  by  the  orbital  approach 
and  recession  of  the  planets.  Just  how 
they  cause  sun-spots  when  in  perihelion,  pro- 
ducing a  maximum  when  conjoined,  cannot  be 
said,  but  the  coincidence  in  the  time  of  their 
joint  perihelia  and  the  maximum  of  spots  is  un- 
doubted. Prof.  Loomis  has  advocated  the 
theory  of  a  long  cycle  of  56  years,  as  related  to 
the  successive  conjunctions  of  Saturn  and 
Jupiter.  This  is  not  as  distinctly  marked  as 
the  11 -years  cycle.  Prof.  Wolf  has  also  dis- 
covered several  minor  periods  of  solar  activity. 
By  projecting  his  results  in  a  continuous  curve, 
he  found  in  it  a' series  of  small  undulations  suc- 
ceeding each  other  at  an  average  interval  of 
7.65  months,  or  233  days.  This  is  nearly  the 
mean  interval  between  the  successive  conjunc- 
tions of  Venus  and  Jupiter,  which  is  236.992 
days.  The  close  agreement  of  these  periods 
leaves  little  room  to  doubt  that  the  latter  is  the 
true  period.  Prof.  Wolf  has  also  detected  a 
period  of  variation  corresponding  to  the  sun's 
time  of  rotation,  with  respect  to  the  earth, 
or  about  27  days.  It  has  also  been  found 
that  the  sun-spot  cycle  is  nearly  equal  to 
18  periods  of  Venus,  to  35  synodal  periods  of 
Mercury,  to  one  period  of  Jupiter,  and  to  seve- 
ral other  planetary  conjunctions. 

The  Kew  Professors,  Messrs.  Stewart,  de  la 
Rue,  and  Loewy  have  recently  examined  this 
subject  anew,  and  have  traced  out  the  relation 
between  certain  positions  of  the  planets  and 
the  amonut  of  sun-spots  during  a  cycle,  showing 
that  the  principal  planets,  Mercury,  Venus. 
Earth,  and  Jupiter,  in  their  approach  and  with 
drawal  from  the  sun,  do  have  much,  if  not  a 
controlling,  influence  upon  the  spots.  It  will  be 
seen '  that  the  astronomical  theory  as  to  the 
cause  of  the  spots  is  very  complicated,  and  de- 
mands great  labor  to  establish  or  disprove  it. 
It  has  been  thought  that  each  planet  in  coming 
to  and  going  from  perihelion,  more  especially 
about  the  time  of  the  equinoxes,  produces  a  vio- 
lent action  upon  the  sun,  and  has  a  sympathetic 
action  produced  within  itself;  and  that  when 
several  planets  happen  to  be  coming  to  or  going 
from  perhelion  at  the  same  time,  and  are  in  or 
nearly  in  the  same  line  with  the  sun,  being 


nearly  in  the  same  plane,  the  combined  action 
produces  a  maximum  of  sun-spots.  According 
to  Prof.  Stewart,  the  planetary  periods  at  times 
of  maximum  sun-spots  are  found  to  be  greater 
than  the  average  value. 

As  it  is  my  intention  to  publish  further  in- 
vestigations in  future  into  the  question  of  the 
relation  of  the. movements  of  the  planets  to  the 
spots,  this  branch  of  the  subject  is  herewith 
abruptly  closed;  merely  remarking  that  this 
solar,  planetary,  and  phenomenal  connection  is 
startling,  in  that  it  seems  to  indicate  a  revival 
of 

Astrology 

On  purely  scientific  grounds,  for  since  great 
physical  terrestrial  motions  can  be  affected  by 
the  position  of  the  planets,  it  is  natural  to  ask 
why  may  not  human  life  be  also  affected,  favor- 
ably or  unfavorably,  as  it  can  hardly  be  a  mat- 
ter of  indifference  to  mankind  what  is  the 
potency  of  the  governing  forces  of  the  earth. 

Having  already  stated  such  general  matters 
concerning  sun-spots  as  are  of  common  interest, 
an  effort  will  now  be  made  to  see  how  closely 
their  periodicity  may  coincide  with  any  period- 
icity in  the 

California  Rainfall. 

In  this  a  difficulty  of  great  moment  is  immedi- 
ately encountered,  in  the  fact  that  not  sufficient 
time  has  elapsed  whereby  true  cycle  averages 
can  be  obtained;  neither  have  there  been  enough 
continuous  observers,  nor  the  rainfall  of  enough 
stations  noted  whereby  an  average  precipita- 
tion throughout  the  State  can  be  safely  de- 
duced. In  view  of  these  almost  fatal  difficulties 
it  can  hardly  be  expected  that  the  surprising 
yearly  variations  of  rainfall  here  can  be  brought 
within  any  rule,  yet  with  all  these  disadvant-  I 
ages  it  will  be  seen  later  on,  that  in  many  cases  ' 


49  is  also  given,  as  approximated  from  descrip- 
tions given  me  by  old  residents  of  the  State,  of 
the  mountain  streams  as  compared  with  their 
volume  in  years  of  known  rainfall,  and  it  is 
fairly  accurate.  The  records  for  those  early 
years  for  Stockton,  which  are  the  same  as  for 
Sacramento,  have  probably  been  last  and  en- 
tered as  of  the  same  amount  as  for  Sacramento. 

A  Curve., 
Will  be  traced  from  these  station  results  and 
from  the  column  of  means  and  compared  with 
the  sun-spot  curve. 

The  mean  relative  number  of  sun-spots  for 
the  years  corresponding  to  the  rainfall    table, 
as  given  by  Dr.  Wolf,  is  as  follows: 
Year.  Number.  Year.  Number. 


1818 

1849 

1850 

1851 

1852 

1853 

124.9 

95.4 

69.8 

63.2 

62.7 

"38.5 

21.0 

1864. . 

45.2 

1366.. 
1867.. 
1868.. 

,  14.7 
S.8 
36.8 

1870.. 
1871 . . 

1155  

1856 

1857 

1858 

1859 

1860 

1861 

1862 

1863 

The  prob 

Is  the  extre 
current  eye! 
ing  exhibit 
the  close  of 
1878. 
Month. 

7.7 

5.1 

22.9 

56.2 

113.8 

1873. . 
1874 . . 

67.7 
43.1 

94.8 

77.7 

61.0 

45.4 

ibility  that 
Present  Yt 
me  minimur 
e  will  be  ma 
of  the  spots 
October. 

...  11.3 

he 

ar,  (1878), 

ti  sun-spot  year  of  the 

de  clear  by  the  follow- 

'or  each  month  down  to 

Rolative  number 
of  sun-spots. 

but  10  feet  and  8  inches,  the  mean  hight  of  the 
water  for  that  year  has  been  approximated  as 
11. 5  feet- 
Having  now  the  rainfall  of  four  stations  for 
30  years;  the  oscillations  of  the  Sacramento 
river  for  16  years,  and  the  mean  relative  num- 
ber of  sun-spots  for  the  corresponding  time,  it  is 
possible  to 

Project  the  Results 
Of  each  into  curves  and  to  compare  them  side 
by  side.  A  diagram  of  such  curves    is  as    fol- 
lows: 

"With  the  tables  and  diagram  before  him  each 
reader  can  now  form  his  own  conclusions,  yet  a 
few  remarks  upon  the  singular  agreements,  dis- 
crepancies and  variations  to  be  seen  may  not  be 
improper. 

It  will  be  noticed  that  the  sun-spot  maxima 
have  occurred  in  1848,  1860,  and  1870,  in  each 
year  of  which  the  rainfall  has  been  much  below 
the  average;  this,  however,  has  been  in  a  degree 
harmonised  by  the  rainfall  of  the  next  succeed- 
ing years,  for  it  will  be  noticed  that  in  1849, 
1861  and  1871,  (the  years  next  after  the  sun- 
spot  maxima)  the  rainfall  has  been  greatly 
above  the  average.  This  shows  that  during  two 
complete  cycles  the  two  maxima  under  consid- 
eration have  nearly  coincided,  the  rainfall  max- 
ima laggiDg  a  year  behind  the  sun-spot  maxima; 
and  this  has  been  proved  to  be  the  case  else- 
where with  rainfall  and  other  phenomena.  Why 
the  rainfall  of  the  year  of  maximum  sun-spots 
should  be  itself  a  minimum,  in  the  face  of  the 
powerful  solar  disturbance  at  such  time,  cannot 
be  stated,  but  the  fact  is  sufficient  to  strongly 
indicate  the  existence  of  a  double  oscillation  of 
rainfall  within  the  11-years  cycle.  The  years 
of  minimum  sun-spots  are  1856,  1867  and  1878 
(probably),    of  these  the   raintall  of  1856  was 


Mean    hight 
of  Sacramento      X0 
River. 

Feet.  6 

25 


Mean  rainfall 

20 

of  San  Diego. 

15 

Inches. 

6 



26 

Mean  rainfall 

20 

of   San    Fran- 

15 

cisco. 

10 

Inches. 

5 



25 

Mean  rainfall 

20 

of  four  Califor- 

15 

nia  stations. 

10 

Inches. 

5 



125 

Mean   rela- 

100 

tive  number  of 

75 

ma  spots. 

50 

25 

1848-49.. 
1849-50.. 
1850-51.. 
1851-52.. 
1852-53.. 
1853-54.. 
1854-55.. 
1855-56.. 
1856-57.. 
1857-58.. 
1858-59.. 
1859-60.. 
1860-61.. 
1861-62.. 
1862-63.. 
1868-64.. 
1864-65.. 
1865-66.. 
1866-67.. 
1867-68.. 
1868-69.. 
1869-70.. 
1870-71.. 
1871-72.. 
1872-73.. 
1873-74. . 
1874-75. 
1875-76. 
1876-77. 
1877-78. 
1878-79. 


15.00 
33.10 
7.40 
18.44 
35.26 
23.87 
23.68 
21.66 
19.81 
21.88 
22.22 
31.22 
19.72 
49.27 
13.62 
10.08 
24.73 
22.93 
34.92 
38.84 
21.35 
19.31 
14.10 
34.71 
18.02 
23.98 
18.40 
26.01 
10. 00 
32.15 


7.00 
30.00 

4.71 
17.98 
27.40 
21.04 
11.68 

8.37 
11.38 
18.99 
16.04 
22.72 
15.55 
35.55 
11.68 

7.86 
22.51 
17.92 
25.31 
20.71 
16.35 

7.63 

0.73 
20.80 
13.30 
16.20 
11.14 
18.33 

7.03 
18.00 


el 


11.00 
36.00 

4.71 
17.98 
36'.  37 
20.07 
18.62 
13.77 
10.44 
15.09 
16.04 
22.63 
16.09 
35.55 
11.58 

7.87 
22.51 
17.92 
25.31 
32.77 
16.64 
13.57 

8.47 
22.40 
13.50 
23.00 
17.80 
25.60 

9.25 
22.55 


7.00 

6.27 

7.25 

10.95 

8.61 

11.33 

12.96 

10.70 

7.66 

8.68 

12.16 

6.85 

5.62 

11.30 

5.92 

7.26 

8.27 

13.51 

18.20 

13.42 

11.91 

6.40 

7.67 

6.22 

8.20 

.15.10 

0.10 

9.03 

3.63 

16.10 


10.00 
27.84 

6.02 
16.34 
26.91 
19.08 
16.73 
13,62 
12.32 
16.14 
16.61 
20.85 
14.24 
32.92 
10.67 

8.27 
19.50 
18.07 
25.93 
26.44 
16.66 
11.72 

9.24 
21.03 
13.25 
19.32 
13.36 
19.89 

7.48 

22.20 


It  will  be  observed  that  the  rainfall  of   1S48- 


March . 
April.. 
May . . . 


.2.67 
.  .35 
.2.35 
.1.66 


DIAGRAM    SHOWING    THE    MEAN    RELATIVE    NUMBER    OP    SUN-SPOTS    AND    MEAN    RAINFALL    FOR    THIRTY  YEARS 

there  is  a  curious  agreement  of  the  rainfall  with 
the  sun-spot  curve,  and  in  other  cases  an 
equally  curious  disagreement;  and  I  must  con- 
fess, at  present,  I  know  not  of  any  process  by 
which  to  harmonize  the  results. 

The  measured  rainfall  of  four  California  sta- 
tions from  1849-50  to  1877-78;  that  is,  from  the 
summer  of  one  year  to  the  summer  of  another 
(there  being  but  an  insignificant  rainfull  during 
the  summer),  was  as  follows: 


June 

July 

August 

September 36 

October 74 

No  spots  were  observed  during  July  and 
August.  It  may,  therefore,  be  safely  assumed 
that  August,  1878,  was  the  close  of  the  present 
solar  cycle.  The  mean  relative  number  of  spots 
for  the  10  months  stated  above  is  but  1.11,  and 
if  a  like  proportion  is  continued  to  the  end  of 
the  year,  then  it  will  prove  to  have  been  the 
extremest  minimum  during  this  century,  with 
the  possible  exception  of  1811. 

The  oscillations  of  the 

Sacramento  River, 

At   Sacramento,  were  recorded   by  Dr.    T.   M.  [ 
Logan  for  many  years,  and  he  published  a  chart  (t 
of  their  hight  above  low-water  mark  for  the  13  i 
years  from  184950  to   1861-62,  inclusive.     Dr. 
Logan  died  a  few  years   ago,  and  all  traces   of 
his  records  after  1862  have  disappeared,  and  no 
figures  can  be  obtained  till   1875,  from  which 
time  on  the   Central  Pacific  Kailroad_Company 
have  taken  daily  observations. 

Mean  Annual  Hight  of  Sacramento  River  at 


below  the  average,  of  1867  much  above  the 
average,  while  that  of  1878  is  too  soon 
to  state;  although  at  present  writing  there 
are  appearing  strong  grounds  for  anticipating  a 
minimum  rainfall.  Provided  1878  proves  to  be 
one  of  minimum  rainfall,  then  during  two  com- 
plete minimum  cycles  we  shall  have  had  two 
years  of  minimum  rainfall  and  one  of  maximum ; 
this  last,  however,  is  quite  sufficient  to  destroy 
the  uniformity  of  proceedings  and  prevents  the 
harmonization  of  the  two  epochs.  In  the  years 
before  the  date  of  minimum  sun-spots,  corre- 
sponding inversely  with  the  results  during  the 
maximum  years,  it  will  be  noticed  that  the 
rainfall  has  been  much  above  the  average,  with 
the  single  exception  of  1856;  this  again  con- 
tributes its  quota  of  evidence  toward  the  prob- 
ability of  a  double  rainfall  oscillation.  When 
the  figures  for  two  more  cycles  shall  have  been 
obtained,  this  dou ble  oscillation  may  more  clearly 
appear. 

The  attention  of  the  reader  is   called   to  the 


Sacramento. 


1849-50 9.5  feet 

1850-51 2.4 

1851-52 7.6 

1852-53 10.5 

1863-54 6.5 

1854-55 8.0 

1855-56 4.0 

1856-57 5.6 


1857-58 5.7  ' 

1858-69 6.6  ' 

1850-60 7.4  ' 

1860-61 8.7  ' 

1861-62 13.0  ' 

1876-70 9.6  ' 

1876-77 4.5  ' 

1877-3S 11.5  ' 


The  measurements  are  from  September  to 
September;  as  during  the  winter  of  1877  the 
river  burst  its  banks  and  a  large  amount  of 
water  did  not  flow  by  the  gauge,  which  recorded 


Relativity 
Of  the  sun-spot  and  Sacramento  River  oscilla- 
tion curves  from  1852  to  1S61.     The  river  being 
the  product  of  the    raiufall    upon  the  Sierra 
Nevada  mountains,  the    equivalent    of    many 
millions  of  rain  gauges,  it  seems  reasonable  to 
assume  that    were    a    complete  and  accurate 
record   of  its   oscillations  obtainable  its  curve 
would  show  a  surprising  conformity  with  the 
sun-spot  curve,  directly  and  inversely. 
By  arranging  the  rainfall  of  a 
Series  of  Years, 
From   1850  to    1S76,  after  the  manner  of  Dr. 
Hunter,  SO  as  to  correspond   with  the  sun-spot 
numbers  for  the  same  years,  as   divided  into 
minimum,  intermediate  and  maximum  groups,- 


February  15,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


103 


the    following 

re&ult   « 

ill    be 

obtained. 

s 

B 

7b 

S  . 

=  i 

II 

a 

1| 

n 
-■1 

II 

a 

s  = 
a3 

1870 

7.48 

I8SJ 

20  14 

1800 

11  72 

18  07 

12-32 

1-  . 

10.81 

It  ;:; 

1808 

1 1 

8.24 

1800 

26  IB 

It  11 

1860 

20.86 

1SS5 

lsoi 

lu:K 

I8T1 

"I  09 

1875 

U  89 

1  Ml 

10.07 

M.» 

1861 

[6.84 

1849 

87  -1 

IvXJ 

10.08 

1874 

IS.  80 

187! 

1  :    '. 

1803 
1862 

Mean. 

20.01 

1801 

1860 

JK  in. 

3'.".>'2 

0.02 

17.53 

IS.  S3 

1.  » 

By  this  table  it  will  be  seen  tli.it  the  total 
reiufall  in  Hunter's  minimum  au<l  maximum- 
year  groups  in  very  nearly  tho  same,  ami  that 
Daly  the  intermediate  group  shows  a  leas  than 
the  average  amount;  which  is  further  evidence 
of  a 

Double  Oscillation 

Of  rainfall,  ami  of  tho  fact  that  the  relative 
quantity  <»f  rainfall  is  more  constant  than  has 
generally  been  supposed. 

The  above  faots  and  deductions  are  further 
evidenced  from  the  following  table  of  rainfall 
during  tho  actual  minimum,  maximum  and  in- 
termediate groups  (the  minimum  group,  includ- 
ing the  year  before  and  the  year  after  the  actual 
minimum  sun-spot  year  ;  the  maximum,  similar; 
the  intermediate,  the  balance  of  the  years  in 
the  cycle). 


£  . 
P 

3 

c 

3 

3 

§1 

3  se 

| 
a 

'3 

E 

is, 
as 

*3 

c 

1 

gjgg 

13.62 
ISL3! 
10.14 

1858 
1802 
1803 
1804 
1806 

Mean. 

1872 
1873 
LS74 
1876 
1870 
1877 

Sloan. 

10.01 
10.07 
8.27 
10.50 
18.07 

1859 
1800 
1801 

20.85 
14.21 
32.02 

Mean. 

1800 
1870 

1871 

Mean. 

1806 
1867 

14.02 

26.83 

20. 1 1 
10.60 

10.50 

18.85 
18.82 

13.30 
18.89 

7.48 
22.20 

16.01 

22.07 

11.72 
0.24 
21.03 

Mean. 

Mean. 

22.07 
18.40 

18.99 

Mi';iii    mi 
l.'.lh 

Groups. 

Mean  of 

both 
Groups. 

18.20 

Mean  of 

buth 
Groups. 

18.33 

A  Curious  Result 
Will  be  noticed  in  the  above  table,  that  during 
the  first  cycle,  from  1S55  to  18lJ(J,  the  rainfall 
was  strictly  and  directly  relative  to  the  sun- 
spot  numbers  ;  that  during  the  second  cycle, 
from  1800  to  1877,  the  rainfall  was  inversely 
relative  to  the  sun-spot  numbers;  and  that  the 
means  of  the  two  cycles  again  show  the  nearly 
equal  amount  of  rainfall  during  the  minimum 
and  maximum  sun-spot  groups.  This  to  me,  at 
present,  seems  conclusive  that  there  is,  so  far, 
upon  the  average,  during  a  sun-spot  period  a 
double  oscillation  in  the  amount  of  rainfall  in 
California. 

Those  who  have  leisure  and  inclination  may 
profitably  compare  the  two  last  preceding  tables 
of  rainfall  with  corresponding  tables  of  sun- 
spots,  noting  the  differences  and  agreements  ; 
also,  strike  an  average  of  the  rainfall  in  the  two 
sun-spot  cycles,  and  compare  its  curve  with  the 
average  sun-spot  curve  for  the  same  period. 

It  may  be  interesting  to  construct  a  table  of 
the  rainfall  of  California  from  1849  to  1874,  in- 
clusive, after  the  ingenious  system  used  by  Dr. 
Meldrum  in  proving  the 

Periodicity  of  the  Rainfall 
Of  Paris  and  Edinburg.  The  column  headed 
*'  mean  cycle  "  is  a  harmonic  mean  of  the  pre- 
ceding column,  found  by  taking  the  first  term, 
twice  the  second,  and  the  third  term  ;  adding 
together  and  dividing  the  sum  by  four  ;  and  so 
on  for  each  term  of  the  "  mean  cycle."  The  va- 
riation is  simply  the  difference  plus  or  minus  of 
each  term  of  the  "  mean  cycle  from  the  ave- 
rage thereof.  This  table  will  also  show  the  cor- 
respondence between  the  rainfall  and  the  sun- 
spots,  and  the  double  oscillation  of  the  former 
within  the  cycle  of  the  latter.  The  minimum 
years  are  iu  the  second  line. 


,    1849. 

1862. 

Mean 

Variat'n 

Variation 
sun  spots 

Year 
of  11 

t» 

Means. 

for  same 

years' 

1801. 

1874. 

Cycle. 

Rainfall 

periods. 

Cycle. 

1 

27. S4 
6.02 

10.67 
8.27 

19.25 
7.14 

2 

12.86 

_ 

4.29 

+     7.2 

1 

S    18.34 

19.50 

17.92 

16.30 



.79 

-     2.7 

2 

4 

20.91 

18.07 

22.49 

21.35 

+ 

4.20 

-  13.5 

S 

b 

19.08 

25.93 

22.60 

22.26 

+ 

5.11 

-  27.2 

4 

0 

10.73 

26.44 

21.58 

20.18 

+ 

3.03 

-  35.1 

5 

7 

13.02 

16.56 

15.09 

15.94 

1   i>l 

-  28.2 

6 

8 

12.32 

11.72 

12.02 

12.95 

— 

4.20 

-     6.5 

7 

0 

16. 14 

9.24 

12.09 

14.05 

— 

3.10 

+  10.9 

8 

l( 

10.01 

21.03 

18.82 

16.84 

_ 

31 

+  30.8 

9 

11 

20.85 

13.25 

17.05 

17.42 

+ 

.27 

+  34.3 

10 

12 

14.21 

19.32 

16.78 

18.43 

+ 

1  W 

+  24.7 

11 

If 

32.92 

13.30 

23.14 

17.15 

Here  I  close  the  subject,  for  the  present.  The 
reader  will  not  fail  to  be  struck  by  the 

Insufficiency  of  the  Evidence 
Yet  produced  to  prove  the  truth  of  the  theory, 
as  especially  regards  California,  and  its  want  of 
certainty  compared  with  the  value  of  the  prob- 
lem to  be  solved.  Surely  few  things  could  be 
of  more  value  to  Californiaus  than  to  be  possess- 
ed of  an  infallible  rule  whereby  to  prophecy  the 
coming  wiuter  rainfalls.  This  will  be  attained 
iu  future,  but  it  is  plain  the  time  is  not  yet  ar- 


rive!. That  Science  is  upon  the  right  track, 
in  swift  pursuit  of  the  fleeing  mystery,  seems 
apparent  :  but  before  it  can  be  won,  and  this 
secret  of  nature  be  revealed  to  man  and  applied 
to  his  use,  many  years  must  pass  by,  many  more 
sun-spots  be  observed  w.\<\  their  causae  known, 
many  more  measurements  of  rainfall  from  many 
additional  stations  must  be  made,  manj  more 
observations  of  correlative  phenomena  must  be 
recorded  and  explained,  many  more  weary  days 
and  year's  of  working  and  waiting  must  be  en- 
dured. But  the  reward  will  come  ;it  last,  when 
the  mystery  is  revealed. 

[Concluded.] 


UsEfJL     [flfOr\|V*r\JlON. 


A  New  Mode  of  Locomotion. 

The  newspaper  carrier  who  serves  papers  to 
the  attendants  iu  the  permanent  exhibition 
building  iu  Philadelphia,  goes  his  rounds  at  the 
rate  of  12  miles  an  hour.  He  travels  on  ma- 
chines not  unlike  roller  skates,  which  are  called 
pedomotors,  according  to  the  inventor,  Mr.  J. 
H.  Hubb,  an  architect  on  Walnut  street,  above 
Fifth.  The  day  is  not  far  distant,  predicts  the 
Philadelphia  Record,  when  the  whole  city  will 
be  on  wheels,  when  pedestrians  will  be  skim- 
ming through  the  streets  at  the  rate  of  10  miles 
an  hour,  without  more  effort  than  is  now  put 
forth  in  perambulatiug  half  that  distance. 

The  pedomotor  consists  of  four  tough,  light, 
wooden  wheels,  supplied  with  an  outer  rim  of 
tough  India-rubber.  These  wheels  are  secured 
to  a  frame  the  shape  of  the  foot,  which  is 
strapped  to  the  pedal  extremities  in  the  usual 
manner.  Unlike  roller  skates,  the  wheels  of 
these  little  vehicles  are  not  under,  but  are 
placed  on  each  side  of  the  foot,  thus  giving  the 
wearer  a  good  standing,  as  well  as  a  solid  foot- 
ing. The  rear  wheels  are  three  inches  in  dia- 
meter, while  those  in  front  are  but  two  and  one- 
half  inches.  This  gives  the  foot  a  slight  incline, 
and  when  in  motion  has  much  to  do  in  impelling 
the  pedestrian  forward.  Extending  from  the 
toe,  with  a  slight  curl  toward  the  ground,  is  a 
piece  of  casting  termed  the  pusher,  which  is 
simply  used  in  mounting  an  elevation  or  steep 
incline.  From  the  center  of  the  heel  a  small 
brass  wheel  extends  backward,  serving  as  a 
guide  as  well  as  a  break.  The  whole  scarcely 
turns  the  scale  at  a  poundVeight.  In  using 
them  no  more  effort  is  required  than  in  ordinary 
walking.  The  wearer  steps  with  his  regular 
stride,  and  is  amazed  to  find  himself  skimming 
over  the  ground  so  rapidly  with  so  little  mus- 
cular effort.  Mr.  Hobbs  explains  the  mystery 
of  the  rapid  movement  in  this  manner:  A  man 
whose  stride  is  32  inches  will  traverse  48  inches, 
or  one-half  further,  with  the  pedomotor.  This 
is  because  the  body  is  in  constant  motion.  For 
instance,  says  he,  the  traveler  starts,  and  while 
he  raises  one  foot  to  step,  he  continues  rapidly 
onward  until  that  foot  is  set  down  and  the  other 
raised  to  make  another  step.  This  gives  him 
more  momentum,  and  away  he  goes  over  the 
two  miles  in  the  same  time  to  accomplish  a  mile 
with  the  feet.  No  effort  of  the  body  is  required 
for  their  use,  as  in  skates.  The  traveler  simply 
puts  one  foot  before  the  other,  and  finds  himself 
whizzed  along  at  a  lively  rate. 


Frozen  Fodder. — A  German  chemist,  Dr. 
Paagel,  has  been  investigating  the  effect  of  frost 
on  cabbages  and  other  plants  used  as  fodder  for 
cattle,  and  the  best  method  of  utilizing  frozen 
plants.  The  principal  change  effected  by  the 
frost  he  finds  to  be  a  formation  of  sugar  from 
Btarch;  and  as  sugar  has  a  nutritive  value  cor- 
responding to  the  quantity  of  starch  from  which 
it  has  been  produced,  he  considers  that  no  re- 
duction in  the  nutritive  value  of  the  plantB  oc- 
ours  through  freezing.  Care  must  be  taken, 
however,  about  the  delivery  of  the  frozen 
plants.  First,  they  should  not  be  given  in  the 
low  state  of  temperature  they  possess,  and  then 
they  must  not  be  allowed  to  lie  long  after  thaw- 
ing, else  (probably  from  the  formation  of  dias- 
tatic  ferments)  they  pass  into  putrefaction,  and 
so  may  easily  do  harm.  They  are  probably 
best  used  when  given  as  fodder  immediately  af- 
ter thawing,  or  after  preparation  by  steeping  in 
hot  water  or  steaming.  A  long  time  after 
thawiug,  frozen  plants  cannot  be  given  as  fod- 
der without  danger. 


Water  in  Bkkad.— One  hundred  pounds  of 
flour  contain,  of  dry  material,  84  pounds,  and  of 
natural  water,  10  pounds,  while  150  pouuds 
of  bread  would  contain,  in  addition  to  the  84 
poundB  of  dry  substance  and  the  lo"  pounds  of 
natural  water,  50  pounds  of  added  water. 
Loaves  of  bread  become  lighter  iu  weight  by 
baking,  beeause  during  the  process  a  larger 
quantity  of  water  is  driven  off,  and  yet  the  rea- 
son why  bread,  which  contains  fully  4d  of 
water  after  baking,  retains  so  much  of  this 
liquid,  is  because  during  the  baking  the  starch 
is  converted  into  gum,  which  holds  water  more 
strongly  thau  starch  does;  and  also  beeause  the 
gluten  of  flour,  when  once  thoroughly  wet,  is 
very  difficult  to  dry  again,  forming  a  tenacious 
coating  round  every  hollow  cell  in  the  bread, 
retaining  tho  gas  and  water.  Again,  the  dry 
crust  which  forms  round  the  bread  in  baking  is 
nearly  impervious  to  water,  and  prevents  the 
moisture  within  from  escaping. 


Preserving  Wheat. — It  is  said  that  in  Po- 
land, where  ventilation  and  drying  are  contin- 
ued for  some  time,  wheat  has  been  kept  sound 
and  good  for  half  a  century.  Its  age  never 
does  it  injury,  and  such  wheat  is  said  to  yield 
handsomer  and  better  flour  than  that  obtained 
from  grain  more  recently  harvested.  At  Dan  t- 
zic,  the  preparation  for  keeping  wheat  continues 
for  a  year  or  longer,  aud  after  this  period  it  is 
often  kept  for  seven  years,  perfectly  sound,  in 
large  granaries,  although  Dantzic  is  surrounded 
by  the  sea.  These  facts  show  how  easily  wheat 
may  be  preserved  if  proper  precautions  are 
taken.  But  the  most  striking  feature  is  that 
some  of  the  wheat  found  in  the  Pyramids  of 
Egypt,  and  perhaps  more  than  3,000  years  old, 
was  still  good  enough  to  grow  when  sown,  and 
produced  a  crop  perfectly  identical  with  the 
present  wheat,  proving  that  the  character  of  this 
plant  has  not  changed  during  that  time. 


Pakafune  as  a  LUBRICANT. — A  correspond- 
ent of  the  Railroad  Qaztltt  announces  that  the 
Erie  railroad  has  reduced  its  oiling  expenses 
from  $5,000  to  $1,000  a  year  by  using  parafline 
on  passenger  car  journals,  aud  has  reduced  the 
number  of  hot  journals  from  535  to  332.  It  is 
now  used  during  the  winter  mouths,  without 
the  addition  of  any  other  oil,  but  it  is  found 
that  in  summer  it  becomes  so  limpid  that  it  is 
hard  to  keep  ft  in  the  axle  boxes.  During  the 
summer  months  it  is  therefore  mixed  with  somo 
other  lubricant  to  give  it  more  "body." 

Coatinu  Copper  Plates  with  Iron. — Prof. 
Bottger  recommends  the  following  solution  for 
coating  copper  plates  with  iron  :  Ten  parts  of 
ferrocyanide  of  potassium  and  20  parts  of 
tartrate  of  soda  are  dissolved  iu  220  parts  of 
distilled  water,  adding  a  solution  of  three  parts 
of  sulphate  of  iron  in  fifty  parts  of  water. 
Caustic  soda  solution  is  poured  into  the  mix- 
ture until  the  Prussian  blue  formed  is  re- 
dissolved. 


The  oldest  pieces  of  wrought  iron  which  are 
known  are  probably  the  sickles  found  by  Bel- 
zoni  under  the  pedestal  of  the  sphinx,  in  Karnac, 
near  Thebes;  the  blades  which  Wyse  found 
imbedded  in  the  wall  of  the  great  pyramid; 
aud  the  piece  of  a  saw  which  Layard  dug  up  at 
Nimrod.  These  remains  are  now  owned  by 
the  British  Museum. 


Woods  Heavier  than  Water. — The  woods 
which  are  heavier  than  water  are  Dutch  box, 
Indian  cedar,  ebony,  lignumvita?,  mahogany, 
heart  of  oak,  pomegranate,  vine.  Lignumvita; 
is  one-third  heavier,  pomegranate  rather  more. 
On  the  other  hand,  cork,  havinga  specific  gravity 
of  .24  and  poplar  of  .383,  are  the  lightest  woody 
products. 


Q©©D     ^E^L^tf. 


A  National  Department  of  Public  Health. 

Mr.  Lamar's  ..bill,  bow  before  Congress,  "To 
establish  a  new  Department  of  Public  Health" 
at  Washington,  having  been  already  read  a  sec- 
ond time  aud  referred  to  a  committee,  the  neces- 
sity is  urgent  for  an  immediate  and  thorough 
examination  of  the  merits  of  the  proposed  meas- 
ure, the  importance  of  which  cannot  be  over- 
rated. 

The  aim  of  Mr.  Lamar's  bill  is  for  the  pur- 
pose of  acquiring  and  diffusing  useful  informa- 
tion on  subjects  connected  with  the  public 
health;  to  establish,  direct  aud  manage  sanita- 
ry and  quarantine  systems  and  regulations 
throughout  the  States  and  Territories  of  the 
United  States  ;  to  supervise  the  Marine  Hosrji- 
tal  service,  and  to  organize  and  direct  a  corps 
of  sanitary  engineers  competent  to  superintend 
all  public  works  so  far  as  their  construction  may 
affect  the  public  health. 

The  chief  executive  officer  of  this  Department 
will  be  styled  the  "  Director  General  of  Health." 
It  will  be  his  province  to  perform  all  the  duties 
and  exercise  all  the  powers  now  devolving  upon 
the  Supervising  Surgeon-General  of  the  Marine 
Hospital  service,  which  office  is  abolished  by 
the  bill.  He  will  make  and  enforce  all  quar- 
antine and  other  regulations  for  the  prevention 
of  cholera,  yellow  fever,  and  other  epidemic 
diseases.  He  will  also  have  power  to  select 
sites  and  establish  quarantine  ^stations  and  erect 
buildings.  It  will  also  be  his  duty  to  prepare 
suitable  tables  at  the  taking  of  each  census,  to 
embody  such  facts  relating  to  births,  deaths 
and  marriages,  the  prevalence  of  disease  or  other 
data  which  may  serve  as  a  basis  for  securing  a 
complete  system  of  vital  statistics  for  the  Uni- 
ted States,  and  make  an  annual  report  of  his 
Department  to  Congress. 

The  work  of  the  Department  will  be  carried 
out  by  whatever  additional  officers  are  required, 
including  chief  clerk,  chemists,  engineers,  scien- 
tists, experts,  etc.  The  Director  will  also  have 
the  power,  under  this  bill,  to  employ  at  all 
times  persons  of  proper  scientific  knowledge 
aud  skill,  to  make  special  investigations  on  sub- 
jects connected  with  the  public  health,  award- 
ing these  compensation,  as  he  deems  reasonable 
and  just. 

In  this  connection  it  may  be  remarked  that 
the  American  Public  Health  Association  has 
recently  prepared  and  presented  a  report  in  re- 
gard to  the  character  of  the  action  which  Con- 
gress should  take  in  this  matter.  This  associa- 
tion advises  that  Congress  should  take  no  steps 


at  this  time  to  organize  a  permanent  nationa 
department  of  health,  believing  such  legislation 
would  be  hasty  and  unsatisfactory.  They,  how- 
ever, expressly  state  that  they  are  not  opposed 
to  a  national  quarantine  Bystem,  but  that  it  is 
impossible  to  organize  such  a  system  at  the 
present  time. 

The  Association,  however,  make  the  sugges- 
tion that  Congress  shall  immediately  provide  for 
the  proper  organization  of  a  "Provisional  Na- 
tional Health  Commission,"  the  objects  and 
duties  of  which  shall  be  to  report  to  Congress 
at  its  next  session  a  plan  for  a  permanent  na- 
tional public  health  organization,  to  be  prepared 
after  consultation  with  State  Boards  of  Health, 
and  withal  possessing  special  knowledge  and 
experience  on  the  subject.  They  would  also 
take  charge  of  investigations  into  the  causes 
and  prevention  of  yellow  fever  and  other  epi- 
demic diseases,  and  such  administrative  duties 
connected  with  the  investigations,  which,  I  pre- 
sume, means  the  direction  of  preventive  meas- 
ures in  regard  to  any  outbreak  of  yellow  fever, 
which  may  probably  be  looked  for  during  the 
approaching  summer. 

The  memorial  is  full  of  excellent  suggestions 
iu  regard  to  the  organization  of  the  Commission, 
and,  in  this  respect,  forms  a  great  contrast  to 
the  bill  of  Mr.  Lamar,  which  is  crude  iu  form, 
and  in  effect  creates  an  absolute  dictatorship  of 
health,  with  unlimited  powers  for  good  or  evil. 

Dieting  for   Health. 

Dieting  for  health,  says  HalCs  Journal,  has 
sent  many  a  one  to  the  grave,  and  will  send 
many  more  because  it  is  done  injudiciously  or 
ignorantly.  One  man  omits  his  dinner  by  a 
herculean  efl'ort,  and  thinking  he  has  accom- 
plished wonders,  expects  wonderful  results,  but 
by  the  time  supper  is  ready  he  feels  hungry  as 
a  dog,  and  eats  like  one,  fast,  furious  and  long. 
Next  day  he  is  worse,  and  "don't  believe  in 
dieting"  for  the  remainder  of  his  life. 

Others  set  out  to  starve  themselves  into 
health,  until  the  system  is  reduced  so  low  that 
it  has  no  power  of  resuscitation,  and  the  man 
dies. 

To  diet  wisely,  does  not  imply  a  total  absti- 
nence from  all  food,  but  the  taking  of  just 
enough,  or  of  a  quality  adapted  to  the  nature  of 
the  case.  Loose  bowels  weaken  very  rapidly, 
total  abstinence  from  all  food  increases  the  de- 
bility. In  this  case  food  should  be  taken,  which, 
while  it  tends  to  arrest  the  disease,  imparts  nu- 
triment and  strength  to  the  system.  By  resting 
on  a  bed,  and  eating  boiled  rice,  after  it  has 
been  parched  like  coffee,  will  cure  three  cases 
out  of  four  of  common  diarrhcea  in  a  day  or 
two. 

Others  think  that  in  order  to  diet  effectively, 
it  is  all-important  to  do  without  meat,  but  allow 
themselves  the  widest  liberty  in  all  else.  But 
in  many  cases,  in  dyspeptic  conditions  of  the 
system  particularly,  the  course  ought  to  be  re- 
versed, because  meat  is  converted  into  nutri- 
ment with  the  expenditure  of  less  stomach 
power  than  vegetables,  while  a  given  amount 
of  work  does  three  times  as  much  good,  gives 
three  times  as  much  nutriment  and  strength  as 
vegetable  food. 

Man's  Age. 

Few  men  die  of  old  age.  Almost  all  die  of 
disappointment,  passion,  mental  or  bodily  toil, 
or  accident.  The  common  expression,  "choked 
with  passion," has  little  exaggeration  in  it,  for 
even  though  not  suddenly  fatal,  strong  passions 
shorten  life.  Strong-bodied  men  often  die 
young;  weak  men  often  live  longer  than  the 
strong,  for  the  strong  use  their  strength,  and 
the  weak  have  none  to  use.  The  latter  take 
care  of  themselves,  and  the  former  do  not.  As 
it  is  with  the  body  so  it  is  with  the  mind  and 
temper.  The  strong  are  apt  to  break,  or,  like 
a  candle,  to  run;  the  weak  to  run  out.  The  in- 
ferior animals  that  live  temperate  lives  have 
generally  their  prescribed  number  of  years.  The 
horse  lives  25;  the  ox  15  or  20;  the  dog  10  or  12; 
the  rabbit  S;  the  guinea-pig  6  or  7  years.  TheBe 
numbers  all  bear  a  similar  proportion  to  the 
time  the  auimal  takes  to  grow  to  its  full  Bize. 
But  man,  of  all  the  animals,  is  one  that  seldom 
lives  this  average.  He  ought  to  live  100  years, 
according  to  physical  law,  for  five  times  20  is 
100;  but  instead  of  that  he  scarcely  reaches  on 
an  average  four  times  his  growing  period;  the 
cat  6  times,  and  the  rabbit  even  8  times  the 
standard  of  measurement.  The  reason  is  ob- 
vious, man  is  not  only  the  most  irregular  and 
intemperate,  but  the  most  laborious  and  hard- 
worked  of  all  animals.  He  is  also  the  most  ir- 
ritable, and  there  is  reason  to  believe,  though 
we  cannot  tell  what  an  animal  secretly  feels, 
that  more  than  any  other  animal,  man  cherishes 
wrath  to  keep  it  warm,  and  consumes  himself 
with  the  fire  of  his  own  secret  reflections. 


Chloral  as  a  Counter-Irritant.— Among 
the  many  uses  to  which  chloral  has  been  put, 
we  have  not  met  before  with  the  following  from 
the  Bulletin  Therapeutique :  Made  into  a  mass 
with  gum  tragacanth,  spread  on  paper  and  ap- 
plied to  the  skin,  it  will  produce  a  blister  with- 
out pain.  Applied  as  a  powder,  on  cotton,  it 
causes  a  painful  burning  sensation.  By  the 
former  method  a  portion  is  absorbed,  and  the 
patient  falls  asleep.  Its  action  is  not  so  uniform 
as  cantharides,  but  as  a  mild  vesicant,  or  an 
agreeable  revulsive,  the  author  quoted  would 
commend  such  "  chloral  paper"  to  physicians, 
the  more  so,  aa  it  will  keep  for  months  without 
losing  its  activity,  if  well  prepared. 


104 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[February  15,  1879. 


W.  B.  EWER Senior  Editor. 


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SAN   FRANCISCO: 
Saturday   Morning,  Feb.    15,   1879. 


TABLE  OP  CONTENTS. 

EDITORIALS.— Smyth's  Tree  Feller;  The  Deep  Mines 
of  the  World;  Earthquakes  Here  and  Elsewhere;  Mining 
and  Farming,  97.  The  Week;  Water  Wanted  Every- 
where; Let  our  Miners  Stop  and  Make  Homes;  The 
Camel  on  the  Pacific  Coast,  104.  Notices  of  Recent 
Patents;  The  North  Bloomfield  Gravel  Mining  Co.;  An 
Improved  Hoisting  Engine;  Vulcan  Blasting  Powder; 
Dangerous  Things,  105. 

ILLUSTRATIONS.— Smyth's  Tree  Felling  and  Log 
Sawing  Machine,  97.  Diagram  Showing  the  Mean 
Relative  Number  of  Sun-spots  and  Mean  Rainfall  for 
Thirty  Years,  102.  The  Niles  Improved  Mining  Hoist- 
ing Engine,  105- 

MINING  STOCK  MARKET.— Sales  at  the  San 
Francisco,  California  and  Pacific  Stock  Boards,  Notices 
of  Assessments,  Meetings  and  Dividends,  100. 

MINING  SUMMARY  from  the  various  counties  of 
California,  Nevada,   Arizona  and  Idaho,  101-8. 

NEWS  IN  BRIEF  on  108  and  other  pages. 

CORRESPONDENCE.— Steam  Plowing  Again,  98. 

MECHANICAL  PROGRESS.— Cold-Rolled  Shaft- 
ing; Welding  Fused  Iron;  Hints  for  Inventors;  Coating 
Metals  with  Platinum;  Absorption  of  Carbonic  Oxide  by 
Living  Organisms,  99. 

SCIENTIFIC  PROGRESS.  —  The  Social  Science 
Convention;  Archaeological  Researches;  The  Voltaic  Pen- 
cil; Evolution  and  Spontaneous  Generation.  99. 

USEFUL  INFORMATION.— A  New  Mode  of  Loco- 
motion; Frozen  Fodder;  Preserving  Wheat;  Water  in 
Bread;  Parafiine  as  a  Lubricant;  Coating  Copper  Plates 
with  Iron,  103. 

GOOD  HEALTH.— A  National  Department  of  Pub- 
lic Health;  Dieting  for  Health;  Man's  Age;  Choral  as  a 
Counter  Irritant,  103. 

MISCELLANEOUS.—  The  Cone-bearers,  or  Ever- 
green Trees  of  California.  —No.  4;  Boiler  Incrustations; 
Your  Salt;  How  Money  is  Made  from  Copper  in  Yuba 
County;  A  Gold  Mining  Exhibition;  Fuel  from  Waste, 
98.  What  the  English  Think  of  Our  State  Pride;  Cos- 
mic Meteorology. — No.  I,  102-3. 


The  Week. 


All  this  week  we  have  been  visited  by  a  wel- 
come, good  old-fashioned  rain,  which  is  worth 
millions  to  us,  for  it  brings  us  strong  hopes  of  a 
plentiful  crop.  News  from  the  hydraulic  mining 
sections  represents  that  they  had  been  nearly 
all  limited  in  operations  through  lack  of  water, 
and  to  them  this  storm  will  be  a  godsend.  But 
little  of  interest  has  occurred  in  mining  circles, 
except  that  the  Bodie  miners  have  struck  for 
higher  wages  and  forced  the  mills  to  shut  down. 
There  is  some  excitement  in  Oregon  over  new 
finds  in  gravel  washings,  and  a  false  one  in 
Gilroy  over  a  fictitious  silver  ledge. 

Political  parties  are  waking  up  and  striking  the 
preliminary  notes  to  the  coming  campaign.  Con- 
siderable discussion  is  heard  concerning  the 
University  land  bill,  now  before  Congress,  and 
the  facilities  it  affords  for  "grabbing." 

From  Africa  comes  the  tidings  that  the  Zulus 
have  utterly  annihilated  a  British  army,  which 
affords  a  text  for  Gladstone  from  which  to 
preach  Beaconsfield  a  sermon. 

An  indignant  wail  comes  up  from  Arizona 
over  the  assignment  of  certain  of  her  lands  by 
Congress,  to  the  Indians  for  a  reservation. 

Serious  charges  of  corruption  have  been  laid 
before  the  Board  of  Supervisors  against  the 
Board  of  Education  and  others  implicated  in 
the  late  school  scandal. 


Weather  Districts. — The  War  Department 
weather  map  was  recently  received  at  the  United 
States  Signal  Service  office  in  this  city.  The 
map,  which  contains  the  United  States  and 
Canada,  is  divided  into  20  districts  or  regions. 
Those  of  the  Pacific  States  include  California, 
Oregon  and  Washington  Territory.  The  North 
Pacific  region  includes  that  portion  of  Oregon 
and  Washington  Territory  west  of  the  Cascade 
mountains.  The  Middle  region,  includes  Cali- 
fornia, north  of  Monterey  bay  and  weBt  of  the 
Sierra  Nevada  mountains,  thus  embracing  San 
Francisco.  The  Southern  region  includes  the 
remaining  southern  portion  of  California  west 
of  the  Sierra  Nevadas. 


Water  Wanted  Everywhere. 

The  newspapers  from  the  mining  districts  of 
California  come  to  us  laden  with  complaints 
about  the  inadequate  water  supply,  which,  it 
appears,  has  of  late  been  not  only  insufficient  to 
meet  the  needs  of  the  miners,  but,  in  some  in- 
stances, there  has  been  too  little  for  even  ordi- 
nary domestic  uses. 

The  Nevada  City  Transcript,  of  recent  date, 
says  that  the  reservoirs  for  furnishing  that  town 
with  water  had  been  nearly  empty  for  several 
days,  to  the  great  inconvenience  of  the  inhab- 
itants and  the  imminent  exposure  of  the  place 
to  damage  from  fire ;  that  journal,  in  a  subse- 
quent issue,  proceeding  to  remark  upon  the  ex- 
tent to  which  hydraulic  mining  in  that  neigh- 
borhood is  crippled  through  this  same  insufficient 
supply  of  water.  Nor  is  this  complaint  confined 
to  the  town  and  vicinage  above  mentioned.  It 
is  general  throughout  the  mining  districts  of 
the  State.  It  conies  to  us  from  every  quarter ; 
it  meets  us  wherever  we  go.  It  is  instant  and 
all-pervading,  the  expression  of  an  urgent,  uni- 
versal want. 

We  made  a  flying  trip  last  week  to  the  in- 
terior, visiting  some  of  the  old  mining  camps 
and  towns  low  down  on  the  Mokelumne,  near 
the  boundary  line  between  San  Joaquin  and 
Calaveras  counties.  These  are  dead  places  now 
— they  died  from  want  of  water  ;  supply  them 
with  this,  and  they  would  spring  to  life  again, 
and  not  only  regain  their  former  prosperity,  but 
perserve  the  tenure  of  their  existence  longer 
than  before.  Not  only  so ;  with  water,  new 
and  flourishing  camps  would  arise  in  localities 
where  the  diggings  remain  virgin,  or  have  been 
but  little  exhausted,  for  this  section  of  country 
abounds  with  such.  It  is  true,  the  river  bars 
and  the  gulches  have  been  worked  out.  The 
more  superficial  deposits  where  water  could  be 
had  have  everywhere  been  considerably 
depleted.  But  there  remain,  right  in  this 
neighborhood,  where  mining  was  commenced  at 
a  very  early  day,  and  has  since  been  actively 
continued,  in  so  far  as  there  has  been  water  for 
carrying  it  on,  heavy  banks  of  rich  gravel 
hardly  yet  touched;  deep-lying  beds  of  aurifer- 
ous cement;  old  channels  full  of  undisturbed 
wealth,  with  thousands  of  acres  of  shallow  dig- 
gings easily  worked,  and  sure  to  pay  if  only 
water  were  brought  upon  them. 

Let  it  be  observed,  too,  that  we  are  speaking 
now  of  a  comparatively  obscure  locality — of 
mines  away  down  in  the  foothills,  just  on  the 
lower  edge  of  the  main  gold  belt — of  localities 
concerning  which  we  hear  but  little  now-a- 
days. "  Lancha  Plana,  Poverty  Bar  and  Comanche 
were  formerly  famous  mining  camps,  though 
not  much  is  said  about  them  of  late.  Still, 
there  is  a  great  extent  of  good  mining  ground  at 
or  near  these  places.  The  hills  around  them 
are  full  of  gold,  the  diggings  being  often  shallow 
and  easily  worked.  What  is  known  as  the 
sand  ridge,  extending  for  six  or  eight  miles 
along  the  south  side  of  the  Mokelumne,  form- 
ing, in  fact,  the  bank  of  that  river,  is  composed 
wholly  of  gold-bearing  gravel,  that  would  pay 
enormously  if  worked  by  the  hydraulic  method 
with  even  a  moderate  amount  of  water.  Some 
of  this  ground  has  well  rewarded  the  labor  of 
drifting,  and  a  great  deal  of  it  would,  no  doubt, 
do  so.  Then  there  is  Cat  Camp,  lying  off  a  mile 
or  two  to  the  south,  where  a  thousand  men 
might  earn  for  themselves  fair  wages,  if  they 
had  water  for  piping.  All  through  this  region 
a  multitude  of  men  might  find  employment,  or 
rather  employ  themselves,  if  this  one  great 
want  could  be  supplied  to  them. 

And  not  in  the  mines  alone  could  an  increased 
water  supply  be  used  here  to  advantage.  There 
is  a  supurb  farming  country  below  them  with  an 
equally  fine  fruit-growing  district  all  about 
them  that  stands  much  in  need  of  increased 
irrigation  facilities,  their  meanB  in  this  respect 
being  wholly  inadequate  to  present,  saying 
nothing  of  prospective  requirements.  It  is 
hardly  too  much  to  say  that  the  value  of  prop- 
erty throughout  this  entire  region — that  is,  its 
productive  capacities — would  be  enhanced  fully 
50%  were  it  furnished  with  even  a  moderate 
supply  of  water. 

From  the  prevailing  dearth  of  this  life-giving 
element,  it  would  naturally  be  inferred  that  it 
was  not  to  be  had,  certainly  not  within  easy 
reach.  And  yet  there  is  plenty  of  it;  plenty, 
in  fact,  that,  at  a  small  cost,  could  be  made 
practically  available  for  every  purpose.  There 
is  at  this  moment  running  to  waste  in  the 
Mokelumne  river  100,000  miners'  inches  of 
water,  possibly  twice  that  amount.  It  flows, 
as  it  ever  has  been  suffered  to  flow,  right  through 
this  splendid  region,  so  full  of  resources  and 
possibilities,  without  any  efforts  having  been 
made,  or  at  least  consummated,  for  its  diversion 
and  employment  in  the  development  of  this 
natural  wealth  and  the  creation  of  new  indus- 
tries. An  association  was  organized  a  few  years 
ago,  known  as  the  Mokelumne  Ditch  and  Irriga- 
tion Company,  for  the  purpose  of  building  a 
ditch,  through  which  to  introduce  a  portion  of 
this  water  upon  the  farming  and  mining  lands 
along  the  south  side  of  the  river;  the  scope  of 
country  intended  to  be  covered  by  their  opera- 
tions reaching  south  to  the  Calaveras  river  and 
west  to  the  tule  land,  the  whole  comprising  an 
area  of  300,000  acres.  This  company,  which  is 
made  up  of  leading  farmers  residing  in  the  dis- 
trict and  some  of  the  prominent  business  men 
of  Stockton,  having  first  secured  a  franchise  to 
100,000  miners'  inches  of  the  water  flowing  in 
the  Mokelumne  river,  proceeded  to  construct  a 


substantial  dam  across  that  stream;  their  ex- 
penditures to  date  for  improvements  made, 
right  of  way  obtained,  etc.,  amounting  to  some- 
thing like  $75,000or$80,000.  They  are  already 
now  to  commence  building  their  ditch,  for  the 
accomplishment  of  which  they  require  some 
pecuniary  aid — $100,000  or  thereabouts.  As 
security  for  a  loan  to  that  amount  they  propose 
giving  a  lien  upon  their  corporate  properties  and 
possessions,  water  privilege  and  right  of  way  in- 
cluded, with  such  other  guarantees  as  would 
make  the  loan  absolutely  safe.  They  want  the 
money  for  a  term  of  years  and  are  willing  to 
pay  a  fair  but  not  an  exorbitant  rate  of  interest, 
as  they  should  not,  in  view  of  the  unexception- 
ally  good  security  they  are  able  to  give.  The 
money  could  be  obtained  near  home,  but  the 
rates  of  interest  required  are  too  high  to  meet 
the  views  of  men  engaged  in  such  a  legitimate 
and  purely  business-like  enterprise,  and  the  sue 
cess  of  which  they  would  not  like  to  imperil  by 
any  unnecessary  burdens.  Besides,  it  is  their 
purpose  to  furnish  this  water,  when  ready  for 
delivery,  to  their  patrons  at  the  lowest  possible 
rates;  a  policy  that  would  hardly  be  feasible  if 
they  have  themselves  to  pay  usurious  interest 
for  the  use  of  money  to  carry  out  their  project. 
It  seems  to  us  that  our  home  capitalists,  and 
others  having  money  to  loan,  ought  to  find  in 
this  offer  of  the  company  a  good  opening  for 
placing  some  of  their  surplus  funds.  If  there 
is  on  this  coast  any  more  valuable  species  of 
property  than  a  water  franchise  like  this,  we 
have  yet  to  learn  what  it  is;  or  if  there  is  any 
other  class  of  improvements  calculated  to  confer 
greater  or  more  lasting  benefits  upon  the  entire 
community  than  the  project  here  alluded  to, 
we  are  alike  ignorant  of  its  character.  Of  all 
the  enterprises  that  invite  capital,  these  ditch 
schemes  are  the  most  beneficent  and  entirely 
safe.  Our  supreme  want  in  California  is  a 
cheap  and  ample  water  supply.  This  need  is  an 
ever-present  exigency — urgent  and  incessant. 
Our  requirements  in  this  direction  are  many  and 
multifarious,  and  they  are  constantly  increasing. 
They  grow  with  our  growth  and  multiply  with 
our  population  and  new  industries.  We  may 
be  said  to  be  forever  suffering  from  drouth  in 
some  shape — a  sort  of  perpetual  water  famine. 


Let  Our  Miners  Stop  and  Make  Homes. 


The  epoch  of  the  mining  tramp  has  about 
away.  The  stampede  has  become  a 
legend  of  the  past.  Those  sweeping  and  im 
pulsive  movements  that  formerly  carried  the 
masses  away  to  some*  far  off  locality — the  more 
distant  and  difficult  of  access  the  better,  have 
about  subsided,  or  occur  now  only  in  a  mild  and 
subdued  form.  They  were,  for  the  most  part, 
ill-advised  and  senseless  even  in  their  best  days 
— these  flighty  movements  of  the  multitude — 
seeing  our  mining  districts  present  everywhere 
about  an  average  amount  of  advantages,  taken 
as  a  whole.  Nothing  tends  to  show  this  more 
conclusively  than  the  fact  that  so  many  of  our 
miners  after  leaving  the  sites  of  present  labor, 
wherever  they  may  have  been,  and  going  off 
after  these  reported  "big  things,"  find  their 
way  back  after  awhile  to  their  starting  point, 
satisfied  there  to  remain;  their  acquaintance 
with  the  old  diggings,  and  the  home -like  feeling 
that  comes  to  them  on  getting  back  among 
former  scenes  and  acquaintances,  more  than 
compensating  for  any  advantages  they  could 
hope  elsewhere  to  enjoy.  It  is,  indeed,  the 
case  that  there  is  so  much  in  any  and  every 
part  of  the  mining  regions  of  this  coast  that 
ought  to  satisfy  the  man  in  pursuit  of  a  pleasant 
and  remunerative  field  of  labor  to  stop  and  be 
contented  wherever  his  fortunes  or  enterprise 
may  happen  to  cast  him,  that  it  is  strange  that 
any  should  fail  to  see  the  matter  in   that   light. 

Let  the  miner  then  tarry  just  where  he  is 
and  there  go  to  work  cheerfully  and  resolutely, 
making  the  most  of  the  opportunities  around. 
Having  secured  a  mine  or  some  sort  of  interest 
in  a  mining  property,  let  him  next  get  hold  of 
some  land,  the  best  within  easy  reach,  and  on  it 
establish  a  house,  improving  it  and  gathering 
about  him  as  many  conveniences  and  comforts 
as  possible.  To  this  end  fruit  trees  should  be 
planted,  a  garden  be  cultivated,  some  land  for 
grain-growing  be  enclosed,  a  cow  or  two,  some 
chickens,  and  a  team  perhaps  being  added  to 
his  domestic,  establishment.  If  his  means  be 
limited,  he  has  only  to  set  to  work  at  once,  be- 
ginning in  a  small  way,  and  he  will  himself  be 
astonished  at  the  rapidity  with  which  he  will 
get  ahead.  The  most  of  the  work  required  for 
accomplishing  all  this  can  be  put  in  at  odd 
spells,  so  that  he  will  really  loose  very  little 
valuable  time  in  the  end.  In  most  parts  of 
California  there  occur  periods  during  the  year 
when  the  miner  cannot  work  his  claim  to  ad- 
vantage. In  some  localities  this  will  be  owing 
to  the  deep  snow  of  winter,  in  others  to  the  lack 
of  water  in  the  summer;  the  miner,  through  a 
variety  of  causes,  having  always  more  or  less 
leisure  for  securing  and  improving  a  homestead. 
Let  him  be  careful  then  to  employ  these  spare 
hours  in  working  for  the  end  indicated,  for 
they  will  form  not  only  very  pleasant  places  of 
abode  but  also  really  valuable  properties  by 
and  by — these  little  planted  patches  and  rude 
homes  in  the  mountains. 

Now,  while  the  old-fashioned  craze  that 
sufficed  to  empty  the  population  of  one  locality 
suddenly  into  another,  has  so  manifestly  abated, 
it  is  still  the  case,  that  the  average  miner,  when 
he  reads  in  the  papers  (and  he  is  a  much  read- 
ing man)  about  the  big  ore-finds  reported  here, 
there,  and  elsewhere,  is  apt  to  grow  restive,  i 


and  despite  his  past  experience,  itches  to  try 
his  fortune  once  more  in  this  new-found  El 
Dorado;  the  chances  being  almost  even  that  the 
evil  one  will  put  it  into  his  head  to  roll  up  his 
blankets,  lock  the  door  of  his  cabin,  and  join 
the  rush  in  search  of  this  "Kidd's  Treasure," 
wherever  rumor  may  happen  to  have  planted  it. 
And  thus  it  is  that  this  class  of  men,  loosing 
sight  of  the  doctrine  above  enunciated,  that 
one  section  of  the  mines  is,  on  an  average,  as 
good  as  another,  and  disregarding  the  truth  of 
the  old  adage  about  the  rolling  stone,  have  gen- 
erally remained  poor  in  the  midst  of  illimitable 
wealth,  and  restless  though  surrounded  by  the 
most  splendid  opportunities.  It  is  time  for 
them  to  wholly  suppress  this  migratory  spirit; 
stop  where  they  are,  make  homes,  cultivate  a 
feeling  of  contentment  and  leave  theBe  outside 
opportunities,  always  so  far  off  and  generally  so 
delusive,  for  another  and  less  experienced  class 
of  adventurers. 


The  Camel  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 


The  first,  and  we  believe  the  only  lot  of  camels 
ever  brought  west  of  the  Pocky  mountains,  was 
a  herd  of  some  dozen  or  more  that  arrived  in 
Nevada  from  Texas,  in  1861.  They  were  origi- 
nally brought  out  for  the  purpose  of  packing 
salt  from  Teel's  marsh  for  the  use  of  the  Washoe 
silver  mill.  This  marsh,  then  supposed  to  be 
the  only  saline  in  the  State,  is  located  in 
Esmeralda  county,  nearly  200  miles  from 
Virginia  City,  the  country  between  these  points 
being  dry,  desert  and  sandy.  As  salt  was  an 
indispensable  article  in  the  reduction  of  these 
silver-bearing  ores,  the  millmen  had  before  this 
been  compelled  to  import  it  at  heavy  cost  from 
San  Francisco.  The  introduction  of  the  camel 
into  the  country  for  salt  packing  from  a  point 
so  remote  and  difficult  of  access,  was,  as  subse- 
quent experience  showed,  a  bit  of  good  economy; 
the  price  of  this  commodity  having,  in  conse- 
quence thereof,  been  reduced  from  a  hundred 
dollars  or  more  per  ton  to  about  one-third  that 
amount.  After  a  year  or  two  a  more  abundant 
deposit  of  salt,  and  of  a  better  quality,  was  dis- 
covered near  Sand  Springs,  Churchill  county, 
and  distant  from  Virginia  City  only  75  miles, 
the  most  of  the  country  to  be  traversed  being 
favorable  for  wagon  transportation.  From  this 
time  on  teams  were  employed  for  hauling  in 
salt,  and  the  use  of  the  camels  for  this  service 
having  been  superseded,  these  animals  were 
turned  adrift  upon  the  deserts  where  they  were 
left  to  shift  for  themselves,  having  afterwards 
been  used  only  at  intervals  for  packing  to  some 
distant  and  out-of-the-way  miniDg  camp,  or 
other  locality,  not  easily  reached  by  wagons. 

After  this  partial  abandonment,  these  crea- 
tures, already  terribly  galled  and  broken  down 
through  overloading  and  bad  usage,  began  to 
recuperate  and  increase,  a  number  of  young 
ones  having  been  born  during  the  next  few 
years;  and  before  they  left  the  State,  which  it 
seems  they  afterwards  did,  having  been  driven 
to  Arizona.  We  had  lost  Bight  of  these  "ships 
of  the  desert,"  not  having,  for  a  number  of 
years,  heard  anything  about  them.  It  appears, 
however,  as  we  gather  from  the  Yuma  Sentinel 
of  Arizona,  that  they  were  Bome  two  years  ago 
taken  to  that  Territory,  in  the  hope  that  they 
might  there  be  profitably  employed;  as  one 
would  naturally  expect  would  be  the  case,  in 
view  of  the  arid,  barren  and  sandy  character  of 
the  country  to  be  traversed.  But  here  again, 
as  in  Nevada,  these  "ships"  Beem  to  have  been 
stranded  on  the  reef  of  disappointment.  Their 
owners  could  not  make  them  pay,  the  team- 
sters, even  in  that  arid  and  Bterile  region,  being 
able  to  carry  freights  cheaper  than  they;  where- 
fore the  brutes  were  again  turned  out  to  shift 
for  themaelves,  the  owners  having  let  them 
loose  on  the  Gila  eastward  from  Yuma,  where 
they  have  been  running  unlooked-after  ever 
since;  and  of  course  thriving  and  multiplying  as 
is  their  wont  when  uncared-for  by  man.  Noth- 
ing seems  to  suit  the  creature  like  being  let 
alone.  This  is  especially  the  case  if  the  looking 
after  is  to  come  from  the  average  Mexican  or 
American,  who  have,  seemingly,  neither  the 
patience  nor  judgment  to  deal  with  him  prop- 
erly. We  well  remember  how  shamefully  these 
docile  creatures  were  overtasked  and  mal- 
treated in  Nevada,  some  of  them  having  died 
from  their  beatings  and  overburdens,  and  we 
are  sorry  to  see  that  they  have  fared  but  little 
better  in  Arizona.  The  teamsters  and  packers 
there  have  been  making  targets  of  them  on 
sight,  the  excuse  for  this  inhumane  practice  be- 
ing that  they  startle  and  even  frighten  by  their 
ungainly  appearance  the  horses,  mules  and 
donkeys  of  these  worthy  people.  This  is,  of 
course,  good  reason  for  sending  a  bullet  through 
the  unsightly  brutes  whenever  they  are  so  care- 
less as  to  make  their  appearance. 

It  is  well  now  for  these  animals,  especially 
the  camel,  that  the  railroad  up  the  Gila  carries 
everything  beyond  his  present  place  of  sojourn, 
thereby  superseding  the  necessity  for  employing 
draft  and  pack  animals  along  this  part  of  the 
route,  and,  inferentially,  also  their  drivers. 
It  is  to  be  hoped  now  that  the  hides  of  the  in- 
offensive beasts  will  no  longer  be  punctured  by 
the  deadly  missel  of  the  "bullwhacker"  or  the 
pilot  of  the  "prairie  schooner,"  but  that  they 
will  be  suffered  to  browse  on  the  luxurious  cac- 
tus and  propagate  in  peace,  their  backs  un-  . 
chaffed  by  the  galling  pack,  till  such  time  as 
their  services  will  be  required  ou  the  sterile  and 
waterless  deserts  of  southeastern  Arizona  and 
the  regions  beyond. 


February  15,  1879.J 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


105 


Notices  of  Recent  Patents. 

Among  the  patents  recently  obtained  through 
Dewey  &  Co. 'a  Scientific  Press  American  and 
Foreign  Patent  Agency,  the  following  are  worthy 
of  special  mention: 

NOH-COBBODIBUI  Maiuliai  FOB  QdICKSELTKB 
O0VDBXSEB& — H.  H.  Eames,  S.  K. — Dated, 
January  28th. — In  the  separation  of  mercury 
from  itit  ores,  considerable  quantities  of  sulphur- 
ous and  sulphuric  acids  art.-  produced,  and  these 
acids  act  with  great  energy  upon  iron  con- 
densers, so  that  in  a  short  time  they  are  ren- 
dered useless.  This  destructive  action  does  not 
take  place  in  the  first  two  ur  three  of  the  con- 
densers, as  these  are  comparatively  hot,  but  as 
the  aqueous  vapors  condense,  the  action  bom* 
DUncet  and  they  attack  the  iron  with  great 
energy.  To  remedy  this  difficulty,  Mr.  ESamefl 
employs  a  material  which  will  resist  the  attack  of 
acids  aud  other  destructive  substances,  and 
the  condensers  may  either  be  constructed 
entirely  of  this  material  or  lined  with  the 
material  ;  or  it  may  be  employed  in  the  form 
of  partition!  Ot  plates,  either  with  or  without 
perforations  to  arrest  the  mercurial  vapors.  In 
some  cases  it  may  bo  found  advisable  to  make 
a  foundation  of  iron  or  other  material,  and  this 
foundation  coated  with  the  compound.  By 
means  of  this  compound,  the  inventor  forms  a 
perfect  resisting  surface  to  the  action  of  acids 
and  vapors,  and  a  mercurial  condenser  is  made 
which  is  affective  at  the  lower  temperatures 
and  where  the  aqueous  vapors  begin  to  condense. 
It  is  easily  constructed  on  the  spot  and  may  be 
repaired  without  difficulty.  Mr.  Eames  has 
used  this  compound  for  some  lime  with  great 
success,  and  one  of  the  large  brick  condensers 
at  the  New  Almaden  mine  has  been  lined  with 
it  recently  and  is  now  in  use. 

I  -.nit  -.vriKG  Apparatus. — Hans  Behr,  Vir- 
ginia City,  Nev.  Dated,  Jan.  28th,  1879.  This 
invention  relates  to  that  class  of  indi- 
cators which  are  used  in  hoisting  or 
winding  engines  to  indicate  to  the 
engineer  the  position  of  the  cage  in  the 
shaft.  A  drum  carrying  a  helix  is 
mounted  on  a  shaft  operated  by  the  main 
shaft,  on  which  the  reel  carrying  the  rope 
and  cage  is  mounted,  said  helix  having 
marks  or  numbers  on  it  corresponding 
to  the  position  of  cage  in  shaft.  The 
revolution  of  the  shaft  carrying  drum 
and  helix  operates  two  screw  shafts 
which  carrv  an  indicating  bar  and 
pointer,  said  bar  and  pointer  moving  in 
a  plane  in  the  direction  of  the  axis  of  the 
drum  aud  following  the  helix,  so  as  to 
point  out  the  position  of  the  cage  on 
the  end  of  the  rope  in  the  main  shaft. 
This  apparatus  has  recently  been  put  in  1 ~  = 
use  on  the  Comstock,  and  we  described  B 
it  in  detail  a  few  weeks  since  in  speak- 
ing of  the  machinery  for  the  North  Con. 
Virginia  mine,  which  was  made  at  the 
Union  Iron  Works  in  this  city.  It  is  the 
best  improvement  in  this  line  yet  devised. 

Attachment  for  Bottle  Fastenings. 
— Stephen  Martinelli,  Watsouville. — 
Dated,  Jan.  28th.  —  This  invention  q 
relates  to  a  novel  attachment  to  the 
fastenings  of  bottles,  such  as  are  em- 
ployed to  hold  the  corks  in  place  where 
effervescing  liquids  are  confined.  These  fasten- 
ings consist  of  a  curved  metal  cork,  so  hinged  at 
the  sides  of  the  bottle  neck,  as  to  swing  over 
the  cork  to  retain  it  in  place  after  the  bottle  is 
filled,  and  they  are  pulled  to  one  side  when  it  is 
desired  to  remove  the  cork.  It  is  often  very 
difficult  to  remove  these  fastenings,  as  they 
become  embedded  in  the  cork  by  the  internal 
pressure.  This  invention  consists  in  the  employ- 
ment of  a  lever  attachment  to  the  link  or  fasten- 
ing, so  that  the  inventor  is  enabled  to  overcome 
any  strain  and  remove  the  fastening  at  any 
time,  with  very  little  effort. 

Step  Ladder. — E.  W.  Benjamin,  S.  F. — 
Dated,  Jan.  28th. — This  invention  in  step  ladders 
consists  in  arranging  a  slide  so  as  to  move  in 
grooves  on  the  supports  or  bracing  standards; 
said  slide  being  also  suitably  attached  to  the 
steps  by  means  of  arms,  so  that  when  the  sup- 
ports are  extended  the  arms  hold  the  slide 
(irmly,  thus  uniting  the  steps  and  the  supports 
solidly  together,  and  preventing  any  liability  of 
the  ladder  shutting  up.  A  cord  attached  to 
the  slide  leads  to  a  ring  or  pulley  on  the  top 
of  the  step,  by  means  of  which  the  slide  may 
be  moved  up  in  its  grooves,  and  the  supports  or 
standard  thus  brought  back  against  the  steps, 
leaving  the  ladder  on  a  compact  form  when  not 
in  use. 

Jewelry.— Robt.  W.  Edwards,  S.  F.— Dated, 
Jan.  28th.— This  invention  relates  to  certain  im- 
provements in  jewelry,  and  it  consists  in  a 
novel  method  of  forming  rings,  pins,  bracelets, 
earrings  and  similar  articles,  so  that  the  orna- 
mental seal,  brooch  or  pendant  may  be  reversed 
to  give  a  different  front  at  pleasure  with  the 
same  frame  or  ring. 

John  0.  Winship,  a  lawyer,  and  Postmaster 
Sweet,  of  Windham,  Oregon,  have  been  sen- 
tenced each  to  $1,000  fine  and  one  year  in  the 
county  jail  for  conspiring  to  defraud  their  credi 
tors. 

The  rafting  of  logs  on  Eel  river  this  winter 
has  been  attended  with  success. 


The  North  Bloomfield  Gravel  Mining  Co. 

We  have  received  the  annual  report  hi  Mie 
stockholders,  of  the  North  Bloom6eld  Gravel 
Mining  Co.,  with  ;i  statement  f  accounts  from 
October  1872,  to  December  Slat,  IS7&  The 
superintendent  of  this  company  is  Henry  0. 
Perkins,  and  the  general  manager,  Mr.  Hamil- 
ton Smith,  Jr.,  the  well-kLowu  hydraulic  min- 
ing engineer.  The  report  is,  like  all  previous 
ones  of  this  company,  prepared  with  the  great- 
eat  care  and  detail,  and  will  serve  as  a  model 
for  mine  reports.  There  are  a  great  many  in- 
teresting facts  in  this  report,  from  which  we 
condense  the  following: 

Washing  was  commenced  at  tin-  (forth 
Bloomfield  mine  on  January  12th,  1878,  and 
continued  until  October  10th,  when  the  annual 
clean-up  was  made.  After  this  clean-up  only 
40,000  iuches  of  water  were  used  in  November 
and  December.  In  this  report  a  miners'  inch  is 
always  assumed  per  a  flow  of  24  hours,  being 
equivalent  to  a  discharge  of  2,230  cubic  feet  of 
water. 

The  following  statement  shows  the  amounts 
of  bullion  produced,  and  water  used  for  1870  to 
the  close  of  1878: 

Time.     Inches  used.         field  per  inch.        Oross  product. 
1870-i  710,087  13.0  $  00,700.00 

1874-5  386.972  19.2  74,27!. 77 

1775-0  700,000  27.5  102,735.73 

1870-7  585,000  48.9  290,775.42 

1877-8  790,449  30.1  311,270.70 

During  the  past  season  more  water  was  used 
and  more  bullion  produced  than  for  any  previ- 
ous year.  The  yield  per  inch  was  39  1-10 
cents  as  against  48  9-10  cents  in  1S77.  This 
diminution  of  yield  has  been  chiefly  due  to  the 
comparative   poverty    of    the    gravel    channel 


'  imum  pressure  of  770  feet,  or  334  pounds  per 
'  square  inch.  It  discharges  about  1,2.10  miners' 
\  inches  with  the  full  head  of  310  feet. 

A  telephone  wire  has  been  built  along  the 
line  of  the  works,  and  is  found  of  great  conve- 
nience. 

The  Trustees,  at  the  special  request  of  the 
miners,  decided  to  receive  from  them  their  Bur- 
plus  earnings,  paying  seven  per  cent  interest 
thereon:  the  funds  derived  from  this  source  to 
be  invested  in  the  bonds  of  the  company.  This 
action  was  deemed  advisable  to  inculcate  sav- 
ing habits  in  the  workmen,  and  give  them  a 
personal  interest  iu  the  company. 

The  completion  of  the  Bowman  dams  and 
Texas  creek  pipe  has  finally  closed  the  construc- 
tion account  of  the  company.  For  some  five 
years  past  a  large  part  of  the  earnings  have 
been  spent  in  this  way.  The  manager  consid- 
ers that  the  outlook  for  future  profits  are  very 
favorable,  as  a  constant  water  supply  is  now 
assured  for  the  entire  year,  except  in  very  ex- 
ceptionally dry  seasons. 

The  tables  accompanying  this  report  show 
the  expenses,  etc.,  of  the  mine  in  the  greatest 
detail,  and  are  very  carefully  prepared.  Items 
of  mining  cost,  water  cost,  yield,  profits,  etc., 
are  given  in  tables  which  show  plainly  the  pro- 
portions of  all  with  relation  to  each  other. 

An  Improved  Hoisting  Engine. 

The  accompanying  engraving  represents  the 
Niles  improved  hoisting  engine  for  mining  pur- 
poses. These  engines  are  made  double  with 
single  drum,  double  engines  with  double  drum, 
and  single  engines  witii  double  drum,  geared  to 
suit  requirements.  They  are  made  for  surface 
or  underground  work,  and  to  be  run  by  steam 
or  air.  Messrs.  Parke  &  Lacy,  the  agents,  have 
put  several  of  this  type  of  hoists  in  operation  in 
this  State,  one  pair  of  8x12  being  at  the  Guada- 
lupe quick  silver  mine,  one  at  Volcano,  Amador 


THE    NILES    IMPROVED    MINING    HOIST    ENGINE. 


worked  last  year.  The  main  tunnel  has  been 
extended  from  No,  7  shaft  about  1,300  feet  and 
connected  with  the  workings  by  shaft  No.  9. 
A  sluice  has  been  placed  iu  this  extension, 
and  hereafter  all  the  up-stream  gravel  will  be 
washed  through  it.  The  cost  of  this  extension 
and  new  shaft  amounted  in  14  months  to  $27,- 
896. 

The  tunnel  was  extended  in  nine  months 
1006  feet,  with  a  section  of  nine  feet  square. 
Burleigh  drills,  driven  by  a  Burleigh  compress- 
or, were  used.  The  progress  made  averaged 
112  feet  per  month  at  a  cost  of  $24  per  foot, 
including  a  full  allowance  for  wear  and  tear 
of  machinery  and  superintendence.  Only  one 
shift  of  drillers  was  employed  ;  by  increasing 
the  number  of  workmen,  probably  175  feet 
would  have  been  driven  each  month,  at  about 
the  same  coat  per  foot.  Previous  to  the  use 
of  these  drills,  three  shifts  of  miners  in  the 
same  tunnel  averaged  a  speed  of  25  feet  per 
month,  at  a  cost  of  $21  per  foot. 

Up  to  this  time  about  10,000,000  cubic  yards 
of  gravel  have  been  washed  through  the  Bloom- 
field  Tunnel  over  its  natural  or  bedrock  floor, 
but  the  resulting  wear  has  in  no  way  impaired 
its  usefulness. 

The  cost  per  inch  of  water  during  the  last 
season  was  a  trifle  over  two  and  a  half  cents,  or 
one-third  less  than  for  previous  years,  and 
being  at  the  rate  of  one  cent  for  each  ten-hour 
inch. 

The  Bowman  reservoir  dams  have  been 
finally  completed,  at  a  cost  of  §15,082;  making 
a  total  cost  of  §96,640  as  cost  of  enlargement 
from  the  old  72-foot  level.  These  dams  are 
very  substantial,  and  compare  favorably  as 
regards  stability  with  similar  large  structures 
in  other  partB  of  the  world.  The  reservoir  will 
now  contain  907,000,000  cubic  feet  of  water,  or 
410,000  24-hour  inches. 

The  ditch  and  pipe  conducting  the  waters  of 
Texas  creek  into  the  main  canal,  four  miles  be- 
low the  Bowman  reservoir,  have  been  completed 
at  a  total  co3t  of  $23,779.  The  pipe  is  an  in- 
verted syphon  4,400  feet  long,  17  inches  in  di- 
ameter, made  of  riveted  plate  iron,  with  its  in- 
let 310  feet  above  outlet,  and  sustaining  a  max- 


county,  etc.  These  engines  are  very  compact, 
and  as  the  gearing  is  all  cut  they  are  noiseless 
in  running.  The  engraving  shows  a  10x12  en- 
gine. This  engine  will  hoist  2,500  pounds  1,000 
feet  with  60  pounds  of  air. 

Postage  on  Newspaper  Articles.  — We 
never  could  quite  understand  why  matter 
written  for  a  book  should  be  carried  in  the 
mail  for  one  cent  an  ounce,  while  matter 
written  for  a  newspaper  should  be  charged  six 
cents.  The  public  certainly  has  more  interest 
in  articles  written  for  newspapers  than  for 
books,  and  if  any  favor  is  to  be  shown  it  should 
be  on  the  side  in  which  the  public  has  the 
greatest  interest.  There  is  a  chance  that  at 
least  the  discrimination  against  newspaper 
articles  may  be  removed,  for  we  read  in  the 
Prairie  Farmer  that  a  bill  before  Congress,  in- 
troduced by  Representative  Carlisle,  of  Ken- 
tucky, among  other  things,  provides  that  here- 
after all  manuscripts  intended  for  publication 
in,  and  mailed  to  the  editor  or  publisher  of, 
any  newspaper  or  periodical,  issued  'at  stated 
periods  from  a  known  office  of  publication,  and 
all  proof-sheetB  and  corrected  proof-sheets 
thereof,  shall  be  included  in  mailable  matter  of 
the  third  class,  and  shall  be  charged  postage  at 
the  rate  of  one  cent  for  each  ounce  or  fraction 
thereof,  provided  the  same  be  the  production  of 
the  editors  of  the  journals,  or  regular  or  author- 
ized correspondents  or  contributors.  It  is  to 
be  hoped  it  will  become  a  law. 

Mr.  J.  S.  Phillips  the  well-knuwn  mining 
engineer  and  author  of  Phillips'  "Explorers' 
Miners'  and  Metallurgists'  Companion,"  has 
removed  his  chemical  laboratory  and  general 
mining  offices  to  No.  702  California  street, 
where  he  is  prepared  to  give  practical  instruc- 
tions on  mineral  analysis,  assaying,  and  the 
general  subjects  of  mining  and  metallurgy. 
Mr.  Phillips  has  been  a  practical  operator  for 
many  years,  and  is  now  much  better  fitted  than 
ever  for  giving  instructions  on  the  various 
branches.  Testing  and  assaying  are  taught  to 
prospectors  for  especial  mountain  requirements. 


Vulcan  Blasting  Powder. 

This  is  the  name  of  a  blasting  powder  wel* 
and  favorably  known  ou  this  coast.  Until  re- 
cently it  was  manufactured  by  Messrs.  R.  W 
Warren  ft  Co.,  but  this  firm  has  now  been 
succeeded  by  the  Vulcan  Powder  Co.,  office  123 
California  street,  iu  this  city.  The  company 
owns  two  works.  The  first  erected  about  four 
years  ago  near  Reno,  Nevada.  This  is  the 
smaller  of  the  two,  covering  about  five  acres. 
The  number  of  men  employed  is  15;  the  motive 
power,  water;  capacity  about  one  ton  of  powder 
per  day.  The  second  works  were  built  about 
six  months  ago  near  San  Pablo,  Cal.  These 
latter  works  are  complete  in  every  particular, 
and  at  their  fullest  capacity  can  turn  out  ten 
tons  of  powder  per  day.  The  company  here 
owns  a  tract  of  250  acres,  12  of  which  are  cov- 
ered by  the  mills,  sheds  and  other  buildings 
necessary  in  the  manufacture  of  the  powder; 
20  to  30  meu  are  constantly  employed.  Steam 
power  alone  is  used  as  a  motor.  No  sporting 
powder  turned  out,  the  company  confining  it- 
self strictly  to  the  manufacture  of  mining  pow- 
ders. Vulcan  powder,  when  ready  for  market, 
is  in  the  form  of  cartridges,  varying  from  g  inch 
to  U  inches  in  diameter,  and  from  4  to  8  inches 
in  length.  It  is  packed  in  cases  of  10,  25,  50, 
aud  100  pounds. 

Vulcan  powder  is  of  three  grades  :  Nos.  1,  2 
and  3.  No.  1,  is  claimed  to  be  the  strongest 
powder  in  use,  its  strength  equalling  that  of 
liquid  nitro-glycerine.  No.  2,  is  said  to  be  so 
strong  that,  except  in  the  hardest  rock,  it 
answers  every  purpose.  No.  3,  is  a  slower 
powder  than  the  other  two,  and  more  adapted 
to  outside  work  and  quarrying.  These  powders 
are  a  composition  of  nitro-glycerine  and 
other  explosives,  which  latter  act  as 
absorbant,  consequently  there  being  uo 
inert  matter,  as  in  other  "high  explo- 
sives," every  particle  of  it  exert  ex- 
plosive force,  not  an  iota  of  power  being 
lost.  Another  advantage  claimed,,  is 
that  the  materials  used  in  its  composi- 
tion, being  all  decomposed  by  its  ex- 
plosion, nothing  is  left  to  float  through 
the  mine  where  the  men  have  to  breathe, 
and  consequently  inhale  the  dust,  as  is 
said  to  be  the  case  when  a  non- 
explosive  absorbant  is  used  in  the  manu- 
facture of  a  mining  powder.  As  the 
smoke  from  Vulcan  powder  passes  off 
quickly,  the  miners  can  soon  after  a  blast 
resume  work,  thus  saving  time  and  ex- 
pense. 

As  an  indication  of  its  high  reputa- 
tion, we  are  informed  that  it  is  Mas 
given  the  preference  over  all  other  high 
explosives,,  by  the  U.  S.  Engineering 
department  at  New  York,  in  the  "Hell 
Gate"  excavations.  On  this  coast  it  is 
largly  used  in  prominent  mines  in  Cali- 
fornia, Nevada,  Montana,  Idaho,  Utah, 
Arizona,  Mexico,  etc.,  etc.,  also  iu  im-  ' 
portant  railroad  works,  and  wherever  a 
blasting  powder  is  required. 

In  the  new  company,  prominent  mining 
men  are  interested,  and  thoroughly  under- 
standing the  wants  of  the  mining  com- 
munity, we  have  no  doubt  that  Vulcan 
powder  will,  in  the  future,  add  to  its  already 
good  reputation,  as  a  strong,  safe,  uniform 
and  reliable  explosive.  The  officers  of 
the  company  are:  Hamilton  Smith,  Jr., 
President;  Ralph  L,  Shainwald,  Secretary;  R. 
W.  Warren,  Manager.  Directors — Hamilton 
Smith,  Jr.,  R.  W.  Warren,  L.  L.  Robinson,  J. 
Baum  and  J.  P.  Pierce.  Office,  123  California 
street. 


Dangerous  Things  (?) 

The  echoes  of  the  Giant  powder  explosion 
have  not  yet  ceased  reverberating  it  seems, 
though  it  is  only  in  the  fainter  form  of  nerve 
tremors  by  the  interested  public,  or,  perhaps, 
of  pen  throbs  by  those  who  do  the  writing  for 
them.  "Box"  takes  one  of  fie  latter  to  task  as 
follows: 

Editors  Press: — A  correspondent  of  the 
Morning  Call  has  written  a  long  article  upon 
deadly  poisons  and  explosions,  wherein  he  (or 
she)  states  that  "cyanide  of  potassium"  is  so 
dangerously  destructive  to  life  that  merely 
sprinkling  a  sore  or  tasting  it  would  cause 
death  in  a  few  minutes;  and  that  there  is  a 
fulminate  of  gold  with  such  amazing  strength 
that  even  a  small  pill-box  would  contain  suffi- 
cient to  destroy  "all  London,  or  the  largest 
army."  Beware!  for  it  is  as  dangerous  to  write 
upon  a  subject  you  do  not  understand  as  it  is  to 
handle  deadly  drugs. 

S.  F.,  Jan.  23d,  1879. 


Box. 


A  strong  company  has  been  organized  for 
introducing  a  large  amount  of  water  from  the 
Mokolumne  river  upon  the  farming  lands  lying 
between  that  stream  and  the  Calaveras. 


Quite  a  severe  earthquake   shock  was  felt  in 
Visalia  Monday  night  about  12  o'clock. 

Hay  is  selling  in  the   fields  near  Bakersfield 
at  §4  per  ton. 


104 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[February  15,  1879. 


CIENTlFlCl'PiRESS] 


W.  E.  EWER Senior  Editor. 


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SAN   FRANCISCO: 
Saturday   Morning,  Feb.    15,   1879. 


TABLE  OP  CONTENTS. 

EDITORIALS.— Smyth's  Tree  Feller;  The  Deep  Mines 
of  the  World;  Earthquakes  Here  and  Elsewhere;  Mining 
and  Farming,  97.  The  Week;  Water  Wanted  Every- 
where; Let  our  Miners  Stop  and  Make  Homes;  The 
Camel  on  the  Pacific  Coast,  104.  Notices  of  Recent 
Patents;  The  North  Bloomfield  Gravel  Mining  Co.;  An 
Improved  Hoisting  Engine;  Vulcan  Blasting  Powder; 
Dangerous  Things,  105. 
ILLUSTRATIONS.—  Smyth's  Tree  Felling  and  Log 
Sawing  Machine,  97-  Diagram  Showing  the  Meau 
Relative  Number  of  Sun-spots  aud  Mean  Rainfall  for 
Thirty  Years,  102.  The  Niles  Improved  Mining  Hoist- 
ing Engine,  105. 
MINING  STOCK  MARKET.— Sales  at  the  San 
Francisco,  California  and  Pacific  Stock  Boards,  Notices 
of  Assessments,  Meetings  and  Dividends,  100. 
MINING   -SUMMARY  from  the  various  counties  of 

California,  Nevada,    Arizona  and  Idaho,  101-8. 
NEWS  IN  BRIEF  on  108  and  other  pages. 
CORRESPONDENCE.— Steam  Plowing  Again,  98. 
MECHANICAL  PROGRESS.— Cold-Rolled  Shaft- 
ing; Welding  Fused  Iron;  Hints  for  Inventors;  Coating 
Metals  with  Platinum;  Absorption  of  Carbonic  Oxide  by 
Living  Organisms,  99. 
SCIENTIFIC    PROGRESS.  —  The  Social  Science 
Convention;  Archaeological  Researches;  The  Voltaic  Pen- 
cil; Evolution  and  Spontaneous  Generation.  99. 
USEFUL  INFORMATION— A  New  Mode  of  Loco- 
motion; Frozen  Fodder;  Preserving  Wheat;  Water  in 
Bread;  Paraffine  as  a  Lubricant;  Coating  Copper  Plates 
with  Iron,  103. 
GOOD   HEALTH.— A  National  Department  of  Pub 
lie  Health ;  Dieting  for  Health;  Man's  Age;  Choral  as  a 
Counter  Irritant,  103. 
MISCELLANEOUS.— The  Cone-bearers,    or  Ever- 
green Trees  of  California. — No.  4;  Boiler  Incrustations; 
Your  Salt;  How  Money  is  Made  from  Copper  in  Yuba 
County;  A  Gold  Mining  Exhibition;  Fuel  from   Waste, 
98.     What  the  English  Think  of  Our  State  Pride;  Cos- 
mic Meteorology.— No.  i,  102-3. 


The  Week. 


All  this  week  we  have  been  visited  by  a  wel- 
come, good  old-fashioned  rain,  which  is  worth 
millions  to  us,  for  it  brings  us  strong  hopes  of  a 
plentiful  crop.  News  from  the  hydraulic  mining 
sections  represents  that  they  had  been  nearly 
all  limited  in  operations  through  lack  of  water, 
and  to  them  this  storm  will  be  a  godsend.  But 
little  of  interest  has  occurred  in  mining  circles, 
except  that  the  Bodie  miners  have  struck  for 
higher  wages  and  forced  the  mills  to  shut  down. 
There  is  some  excitement  in  Oregon  over  new 
finds  in  gravel  washings,  and  a  false  one  in 
Gilroy  over  a  fictitious  silver  ledge. 

Political  parties  arewakingupandstriking  the 
preliminary  notes  to  the  coming  campaign.  Con- 
siderable discussion  is  heard  concerning  the 
University  land  bill,  now  before  Congress,  and 
the  facilities  it  affords  for  "grabbing." 

From  Africa  comes  the  tidings  that  the  Zulus 
have  utterly  annihilated  a  British  army,  which 
affords  a  text  for  Gladstone  from  which  to 
preach  Beaconsfield  a  sermon. 

An  indignant  wail  comes  up  from  Arizona 
over  the  assignment  of  certain  of  her  lands  by 
Congress,  to  the  Indians  for  a  reservation. 

Serious  charges  of  corruption  have  been  laid 
before  the  Board  of  Supervisors  against  the 
Board  of  Education  and  others  implicated  in 
the  late  school  scandal. 


Weather  Districts — The  War  Department 
weather  map  was  recently  received  at  the  United 
States  Signal  Service  office  in  this  city.  The 
map,  which  contains  the  United  States  and 
Canada,  is  divided  into  20  districts  or  regions. 
Those  of  the  Pacific  States  include  California, 
Oregon  and  Washington  Territory.  The  North 
Paci6c  region  includes  that  portion  of  Oregon 
and  Washington  Territory  west  of  the  Cascade 
mountains.  The  Middle  region,  includes  Cali- 
fornia, north  of  Monterey  bay  and  west  of  the 
Sierra  Nevada  mountains,  thus  embracing  San 
Francisco.  The  Southern  region  includes  the 
remaining  southern  portion  of  California  west 
of  the  Sierra  Nevadas, 


Water  Wanted  Everywhere. 

The  newspapers  from  the  mining  districts  of 
California  come  to  us  laden  with  complaints 
about  the  inadequate  water  snpply,  which,  it 
appears,  has  of  late  been  not  only  insufficient  to 
meet  the  needs  of  the  miners,  but,  in  some  in- 
stances, there  has  been  too  little  for  even  ordi- 
nary domestic  uses. 

The  Nevada  City  Transcript,  of  recent  date, 
says  that  the  reservoirs  for  furnishing  that  town 
with  water  had  been  nearly  empty  for  several 
days,  to  the  great  inconvenience  of  the  inhab- 
itants and  the  imminent  exposure  of  the  place 
to  damage  from  fire ;  that  journal,  in  a  subse- 
quent issue,  proceeding  to  remark  upon  the  ex- 
tent to  which  hydraulic  mining  in  that  neigh- 
borhood is  crippled  through  this  same  insufficient 
supply  of  water.  Nor  is  this  complaint  confined 
to  the  town  and  vicinage  above  mentioned.  It 
is  general  throughout  the  mining  districts  of 
the  State.  It  comes  to  us  from  every  quarter ; 
it  meets  us  wherever  we  go.  It  is  instant  and 
all-pervading,  the  expression  of  an  urgent,  uni- 
versal want. 

We  made  a  flying  trip  last  week  to  the  in- 
terior, visiting  some  of  the  old  mining  camps 
and  towns  low  down  on  the  Mokelumne,  near 
the  boundary  line  between  San  Joaquin  and 
Calaveras  counties.  These  are  dead  places  now 
— they  died  from  want  of  water  ;  supply  them 
with  this,  and  they  would  spring  to  life  again, 
and  not  only  regain  their  former  prosperity,  but 
perserve  the  tenure  of  their  existence  longer 
than  before.  Not  only  so ;  with  water,  new 
and  flourishing  camps  would  arise  in  localities 
where  the  diggings  remain  virgin,  or  have  been 
but  little  exhausted,  for  this  section  of  country 
abounds  with  such.  It  is  true,  the  river  bars 
and  the  gulches  have  been  worked  out.  The 
more  superficial  deposits  where  water  could  be 
had  have  everywhere  been  considerably 
depleted.  But  there  remain,  right  in  this 
neighborhood,  where  miniug  was  commenced  at 
a  very  early  day,  and  has  since  been  actively 
continued,  in  so  far  as  there  has  been  water  for 
carrying  it  on,  heavy  banks  of  rich  gravel 
hardly  yet  touched;  deep-lying  beds  of  aurifer- 
ous cement;  old  channels  full  of  undisturbed 
wealth,  with  thousands  of  acres  of  shallow  dig- 
gings easily  worked,  and  sure  to  pay  if  only 
water  were  brought  upon  them. 

Let  it  be  observed,  too,  that  we  are  speaking 
now  of  a  comparatively  obscure  locality — of 
mines  away  down  in  the  foothills,  just  on  the 
lower  edge  of  the  main  gold  belt — of  localities 
concerning  which  we  hear  but  little  now-a- 
'Lancha  Plana,  Poverty  Bar  and  Comanche 
were  formerly  famous  mining  camps,  though 
not  much  is  said  about  them  of  late.  Still, 
there  is  a  great  extent  of  good  mining  ground  at 
or  near  these  places.  The  hills  around  them 
are  full  of  gold,  the  diggings  being  often  shallow 
and  easily  worked.  What  is  known  as  the 
sand  ridge,  extending  for  six  or  eight  miles 
along  the  south  side  of  the  Mokelumne,  form- 
ing, in  fact,  the  bank  of  that  river,  is  composed 
wholly  of  gold-bearing  gravel,  that  would  pay 
enormously  if  worked  by  the  hydraulic  method 
with  even  a  moderate  amount  of  water.  Some 
of  this  ground  has  well  rewarded  the  labor  of 
drifting,  and  a  great  deal  of  it  would,  no  doubt, 
do  so.  Then  there  is  Cat  Camp,  lying  off  a  mile 
or  two  to  the  south,  where  a  thousand  men 
might  earn  for  themselves  fair  wages,  if  they 
had  water  for  piping.     All  through  this   region 


a  multitude  of  men  might  find  employment, 
rather    employ   themselves,  if    this  one   great 
want  could  be  supplied  to  them. 

And  not  in  the  mines  alone  could  an  increased 
water  supply  be"  used  here  to  advantage.  There 
is  a  supurb  farming  country  below  them  with  an 
equally  fine  fruit-growing  district  all  about 
them  that  stands  much  in  need  of  increased 
irrigation  facilities,  their  means  in  this  respect 
being  wholly  inadequate  to  present,  saying 
nothing  of  prospective  requirements.  It  is 
hardly  too  much  to  say  that  the  value  of  prop- 
erty throughout  this  entire  region — that  is,  its 
productive  capacities — would  be  enhanced  fully 
50%  were  it  furnished  with  even  a  moderate 
supply  of  water. 

From  the  prevailing  dearth  of  this  life-giving 
element,  it  would  naturally  be  inferred  that  it 
was  not  to  be  had,  certainly  not  within  easy 
reach.  And  yet  there  is  plenty  of  it;  plenty, 
in  fact,  that,  at  a  small  cost,  could  be  made 
practically  available  for  every  purpose.  There 
is  at  this  moment  running  to  waste  in  the 
Mokelumne  river  100,000  miners'  inches  of 
water,  possibly  twice  that  amount.  It  flows, 
as  it  ever  has  been  suffered  to  flow,  right  through 
this  splendid  region,  so  full  of  resources  and 
possibilities,  without  any  efforts  having  been 
made,  or  at  least  consummated,  for  its  diversion 
and  employment  in  the  development  of  this 
natural  wealth  and  the  creation  of  new  indus- 
tries. An  association  was  organized  a  few  years 
ago,  known  as  the  Mokelumne  Ditch  and  Irriga- 
tion Company,  for  the  purpose  of  building  a 
ditch,  through  which  to  introduce  a  portion  of 
this  water  upon  the  farming  and  mining  lands 
along  the  south  side  of  the  river;  the  scope  of 
country  intended  to  be  covered  by  their  opera- 
tions reaching  south  to  the  Calaveras  river  and 
west  to  the  tule  land,  the  whole  comprising  an 
area  of  300,000  acres.  This  company,  which  is 
made  up  of  leading  farmers  residing  in  the  dis- 
trict and  some  of  the  prominent  business  men 
of  Stockton,  having  first  secured  a  franchise  to 
100,000  miners'  inches  of  the  water  flowing  in 
the  Mokelumne  river,  proceeded  to  construct   a 


substantial  dam  across  that  stream;  their  ex- 
penditures to  date  for  improvements  made, 
right  of  way  obtained,  etc. ,  amounting  to  some- 
thing like  $75, 000  or  $80, 000.  They  are  already 
now  to  commence  building  their  ditch,  for  the 
accomplishment  of  which  they  require  some 
pecuniary  aid— $100,000  or  thereabouts.  As 
security  for  a  loan  to  that  amount  they  propose 
giving  a  lien  upon  their  corporate  properties  and 
possessions,  water  privilege  and  right  of  way  in- 
cluded, with  such  other  guarantees  as  would 
make  the  loan  absolutely  safe.  They  want  the 
money  for  a  term  of  years  and  are  willing  to 
pay  a  fair  but  not  an  exorbitant  rate  of  interest, 
as  they  should  not,  in  view  of  the  unexeeption- 
ally  good  security  they  are  able  to  give.  The 
money  could  be  obtained  near  home,  but  the 
rates  of  interest  required  are  too  high  to  meet 
the  views  of  men  engaged  in  such  a  legitimate 
and  purely  business-like  enterprise,  and  the  suc- 
cess of  which  they  would  not  like  to  imperil  by 
any  unnecessary  burdens.  Besides,  it  is  their 
purpose  to  furnish  this  water,  when  ready  for 
delivery,  to  their  patrons  at  the  lowest  possible 
rates;  a  policy  that  would  hardly  be  feasible  if 
they  have  themselves  to  pay  usurious  interest 
for  the  use  of  money  to  carry  out  their  project. 
It  seems  to  us  that  our  home  capitalists,  and 
others  having  money  to  loan,  ought  to  find  in 
this  offer  of  the  company  a  good  opening  for 
placing  some  of  their  surplus  funds.  If  there 
is  on  this  coast  any  more  valuable  species  of 
property  than  a  water  franchise  like  this,  we 
have  yet  to  learn  what  it  is;  or  if  there  is  any 
other  class  of  improvements  calculated  to  confer 
greater  or  more  lasting  benefits  upon  the  entire 
community  than  the  project  here  alluded  to, 
we  are  alike  ignorant  of  its  character.  Of  all 
the  enterprises  that  invite  capital,  these  ditch 
schemes  are  the  most  beneficent  and  entirely 
safe.  Our  supreme  want  in  California  is  a 
cheap  and  ample  water  supply.  This  need  is  an 
ever-present  exigency — urgent  and  incessant. 
Our  requirements  in  this  direction  are  many  and 
multifarious,  and  they  are  constantly  increasing. 
They  grow  with  our  growth  and  multiply  with 
our  population  and  new  industries.  We  may 
be  said  to  be  forever  suffering  from  drouth  in 
some  shape — a  sort  of  perpetual  water  famine. 


Let  Our  Miners  Stop  and  Make  Homes. 

The  epoch  of  the  mining  tramp  has  about 
passed  away.  The  stampede  has  become  a 
legend  of  the  past.  Those  sweeping  and  im- 
pulsive movements  that  formerlj'  carried  the 
masses  away  to  some*  far  off  locality — the  more 
distant  and  difficult  of  access  the  better,  have 
about  subsided,  or  occur  now  only  in  a  mild  and 
subdued  form.  They  were,  for  the  most  part, 
ill-advised  and  senseless  even  in  their  best  days 
— these  flighty  movements  of  the  multitude — 
seeing  our  mining  districts  present  everywhere 
about  an  average  amount  of  advantages,  taken 
as  a  whole.  Nothing  tends  to  show  this  more 
conclusively  than  the  fact  that  so  many  of  our 
miners  after  leaving  the  sites  of  present  labor, 
wherever  they  may  have  been,  and  going  off 
after  these  reported  "big  things,"  find  their 
way  back  after  awhile  to  their  starting  point, 
satisfied  there  to  remain;  their  acquaintance 
with  the  old  diggings,  and  the  home-like  feeling 
that  comes  to  them  on  getting  back  among 
former  scenes  and  acquaintances,  more  than 
compensating  for  any  advantages  they  could 
hope  elsewhere  to  enjoy.  It  is,  indeed,  the 
case  that  there  is  so  much  in  any  and  every 
part  of  the  mining  regions  of  this  coast  that 
ought  to  satisfy  the  man  in  pursuit  of  a  pleasant 
and  remunerative  field  of  labor  to  stop  and  be 
contented  wherever  his  fortunes  or  enterprise 
may  happen  to  cast  him,  that  it  is  strange  that 
any  should  fail  to  see  the  matter  in   that   light. 

Let  the  miner  then  tarry  just  where  he  is 
and  there  go  to  work  cheerfully  and  resolutely, 
making  the  most  of  the  opportunities  around. 
Having  secured  a  mine  or  some  sort  of  interest 
in  a  mining  property,  let  him  next  get  hold  of 
some  land,  the  best  within  easy  reach,  and  on  it 
establish  a  house,  improving  it  and  gathering 
about  him  as  many  conveniences  and  comforts 
as  possible.  To  this  end  fruit  trees  should  be 
planted,  a  garden  be  cultivated,  some  land  for 
grain-growing  be  enclosed,  a  cow  or  two,  some 
chickens,  and  a  team  perhaps  being  added  to 
his  domestic,  establishment.  If  his  means  be 
limited,  he  has  only  to  set  to  work  at  once,  be- 
ginning in  a  small  way,  and  he  will  himself  be 
astonished  at  the  rapidity  with  which  he  will 
get  ahead.  The  most  of  the  work  required  for 
accomplishing  all  this  can  be  put  in  at  odd 
spells,  so  that  he  will  really  loose  very  little 
valuable  time  in  the  end.  In  most  parts  of 
California  there  occur  periods  during  the  year 
when  the  miner  cannot  work  his  claim  to  ad- 
vantage. In  some  localities  this  will  be  owing 
to  the  deep  snow  of  winter,  in  others  to  the  lack 
of  water  in  the  summer;  the  miner,  through  a 
variety  of  causes,  having  always  more  or  less 
leisure  for  securing  and  improving  a  homestead. 
Let  him  be  careful  then  to  empley  these  spare 
hours  in  working  for  the  end  indicated,  for 
they  will  form  not  only  very  pleasant  places  of 
abode  but  also  really  valuable  properties  by 
and  by — these  little  planted  patches  and  rude 
homes  in  the  mountains. 

Now,  while  the  old-fashioned  craze  that 
sufficed  to  empty  the  population  of  one  locality 
suddenly  into  another,  has  so  manifestly  abated, 
it  is  still  the  case,  that  the  average  miner,  when 
he  reads  in  the  papers  {and  he  is  a  much  read- 
ing man)  about  the  big  ore-finds  reported  here, 
there,  and  elsewhere,  is  apt  to  grow  restive, 


and  despite  his  past  experience,  itches  to  try 
his  fortune  once  more  in  this  new-found  El 
Dorado;  the  chances  being  almost  even  that  the 
evil  one  will  put  it  into  his  head  to  roll  up  his 
blankets,  lock  the  door  of  his  cabin,  and  join 
the  rush  in  search  of  this  "Kidd's  Treasure," 
wherever  rumor  may  happen  to  have  planted  it. 
And  thus  it  is  that  this  class  of  men,  loosing 
sight  of  the  doctrine  above  enunciated,  that 
one  section  of  the  mines  is,  on  an  average,  as 
good  as  another,  and  disregarding  the  truth  of 
the  old  adage  about  the  rolling  stone,  have  gen- 
erally remained  poor  in  the  midst  of  illimitable 
wealth,  and  restless  though  surrounded  by  the 
most  splendid  opportunities.  It  is  time  for 
them  to  wholly  suppress  this  migratory  spirit; 
stop  where  they  are,  make  homes,  cultivate  a 
feeling  of  contentment  and  leave  these  outside 
opportunities,  always  so  far  off  and  generally  so 
delusive,  for  another  and  less  experienced  class 
of  adventurers. 


The  Camel  on  tfce  Pacific  Coast. 


The  first,  and  we  believe  the  only  lot  of  camels 
ever  brought  west  of  the  Rocky  mountains,  waa 
a  herd  of  some  dozen  or  more  that  arrived  in 
Nevada  from  Texas,  in  1861.  They  were  origi- 
nally brought  out  for  the  purpose  of  packing 
salt  from  Teel's  marsh  for  the  use  of  the  Washoe 
silver  mill.  This  marsh,  then  supposed  to  be 
the  only  saline  in  the  State,  is  located  in 
Esmeralda  county,  nearly  200  miles  from 
Virginia  City,  the  country  between  these  points 
being  dry,  desert  and  sandy.  As  salt  was  an 
indispensable  article  in  the  reduction  of  these 
silver-bearing  ores,  the  millmen  had  before  this 
been  compelled  to  import  it  at  heavy  cost  from 
San  Francisco.  The  introduction  of  the  camel 
into  the  country  for  salt  packing  from  a  point 
so  remote  and  difficult  of  accesB,  was,  as  subse- 
quent experience  showed,  a  bit  of  good  economy; 
the  price  of  this  commodity  having,  in  conse- 
quence thereof,  been  reduced  from  a  hundred 
dollars  or  more  per  ton  to  about  one-third  that 
amount.  After  a  year  or  two  a  more  abundant 
deposit  of  salt,  and  of  a  better  quality,  was  dis- 
covered near  Sand  Springs,  Churchill  county, 
and  distant  from  Virginia  City  only  75  miles, 
the  most  of  the  country  to  be  traversed  being 
favorable  for  wagon  transportation.  From  this 
time  on  teams  were  employed  for  hauling  in 
salt,  and  the  use  of  the  camels  for  this  service 
having  been  superseded,  these  animals  were 
turned  adrift  upon  the  deserts  where  they  were 
left  to  shift  for  themselves,  having  afterwards 
been  used  only  at  intervals  for  packing  to  some 
distant  and  out-of-the-way  mining  camp,  or 
other  locality,  not  easily  reached  by  wagons. 

After  this  partial  abandonment,  these  crea- 
tures, already  terribly  galled  and  broken  down 
through  overloading  and  bad  usage,  began  to 
recuperate  and  increase,  a  number  of  young 
ones  having  been  born  during  the  next  few 
years;  and  before  they  left  the  State,  which  it 
seems  they  afterwards  did,  having  been  driven 
to  Arizona.  We  had  lost  sight  of  these  "ships 
of  the  desert,"  not  having,  for  a  number  of 
years,  heard  anything  about  them.  It  appears, 
however,  as  we  gather  from  the  Yuma  Sentinel 
of  Arizona,  that  they  were  some  two  years  ago 
taken  to  that  Territory,  in  the  hope  that  they 
might  there  be  profitably  employed;  as  one 
would  naturally  expect  would  be  the  case,  in 
view  of  the  arid,  barren  and  sandy  character  of 
the  country  to  be  traversed.  But  here  again, 
as  in  Nevada,  these  "ships"  seem  to  have  been 
stranded  on  the  reef  of  disappointment.  Their 
owners  could  not  make  them  pay,  the  team- 
sters, even  in  that  arid  and  sterile  region,  being 
able  to  carry  freights  cheaper  than  they;  where- 
fore the  brutes  were  again  turned  out  to  shift 
for  themselves,  the  owners  having  let  them 
loose  on  the  Gila  eastward  from  Yuma,  where 
they  have  been  running  unlooked-after  ever 
since;  and  of  course  thriving  and  multiplying  as 
is  their  wont  when  uncared-for  by  man.  Noth- 
ing seems  to  suit  the  creature  like  being  let 
alone.  This  is  especially  the  case  if  the  looking 
after  is  to  come  from  the  average  Mexican  or 
American,  who  have,  seemingly,  neither  the 
patience  nor  judgment  to  deal  with  him  prop- 
erly. We  well  remember  how  shamefully  these 
docile  creatures  were  overtasked  and  mal- 
treated in  Nevada,  some  of  them  having  died 
from  their  beatings  and  overburdens,  and  we 
are  sorry  to  see  that  they  have  fared  but  little 
better  in  Arizona.  The  teamsters  and  packers 
there  have  been  making  targets  of  them  on 
sight,  the  excuse  for  this  inhumane  practice  be- 
ing that  they  startle  and  even  frighten  by  their 
ungainly  appearance  the  horses,  mules  and 
donkeys  of  these  worthy  people.  This  is,  of 
course,  good  reason  for  sending  a  bullet  through 
the  unsightly  brutes  whenever  they  are  so  care- 
less as  to  make  their  appearance. 

It  is  well  now  for  these  animals,  especially 
the  camel,  that  the  railroad  up  the  Gila  carries 
everything  beyond  his  present  place  of  sojourn, 
thereby  superseding  the  necessity  for  employing 
draft  and  pack  animals  along  this  part  of  the 
route,  and,  inferentially,  also  their  drivers. 
It  is  to  be  hoped  now  that  the  hides  of  the  in- 
offensive beasts  will  no  longer  be  punctured  by 
the  deadly  missel  of  the  "bull whacker"  or  the 
pilot  of  the  "prairie  schooner,"  but  that  they 
will  be  suffered  to  browse  on  the  luxurious  cac- 
tus and  propagate  in  peace,  their  backs  un-  . 
chaffed  by  the  galling  pack,  till  such  time  as 
their  services  will  be  required  on  the  sterile  and 
waterless  deserts  of  southeastern  Arizona  and 
the  regions  beyond. 


February  15,  1879.) 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


105 


Notices  of  Recent  Patents. 

Among  the  patents  recently  obtained  through 
Dewey  &.  Co.'s  Scientific  Pit  ess  American  and 
Foreign  Patent  Agency,  the  following  are  worthy 
of  special  mention: 

Nnv  -t  lOBBODTJBLI  MaTKKI.U,  FOB  QUICKSILVER 
C0HDBS8EK.S.— H.  H.  Karnes,  S.  F. — Dated, 
January  '28th.  -In  the  separation  of  mercury 
from  it*  ores,  considerable  quantities  of  sulphur- 
ous and  sulphuric  acids  are  produced,  and  these 
acids  act  with  great  energy  upon  iron  con- 
densers, so  that  in  a  short  time  they  are  ren- 
dered useless.  This  destructive  action  does  not 
take  place  in  the  tirst  two  <<r  three  of  the  con- 
densers, as  these  are  comparatively  hot,  but  as 
the  aqueous  vapors  condense,  the  action  com- 
mences and  they  attack  the  iron  with  great 
energy.  To  remedy  this  difficulty,  Mr.  Karnes 
employs  a  material  which  will  resist  the  attack  of 
acids  and  other  destructive  substauces,  aud 
the  condensers  may  either  be  constructed 
entirely  of  this  material  or  lined  with  the 
material  ;  or  it  may  be  employed  in  the  form 
of  partitions  or  plates,  either  with  or  without 
perforations  to  arrest  the  mercurial  vapors.  In 
some  cases  it  may  bo  found  advisable  to  make 
a  foundation  of  iron  or  other  material,  and  this 
foundation  coated  with  the  compound.  By 
means  of  this  compound,  the  inventor  forma  a 
perfect  resisting  surface  to  the  action  of  acids 
aud  vapors,  and  a  mercurial  condenser  is  made 
whicli  is  affective  at  the  lower  temperatures 
and  where  the  aqueous  vapors  begin  to  condense. 
It  is  easily  constructed  on  the  spot  and  may  be 
repaired  without  difficulty.  Mr.  Eames  has 
used  this  compound  for  some  time  with  great 
success,  and  one  of  the  large  brick  condensers 
at  the  New  Almaden  mine  has  been  lined  with 
it  recently  and  iB  now  in  use. 

INDICATING  Apparatus. — Hans  Behr,  Vir- 
ginia City,  Nev.  Dated,  Jan.  2Sth,  1879.  This 
invention  relates  to  that  class  of  indi- 
cators which  are  used  in  hoisting  or 
winding  engines  to  indicate  to  the 
engineer  the  position  of  the  cage  in  the 
shaft.  A  drum  carrying  a  helix  ia 
mounted  on  a  shaft  operated  by  the  main 
shaft,  on  which  the  reel  carrying  the  rope 
and  cage  is  mounted,  said  helix  having 
marks  or  numbers  on  it  corresponding 
to  the  position  of  cage  in  shaft.  The 
revolution  of  the  shaft  carrying  drum 
and  helix  operates  two  screw  shafts 
which  carry  an  indicating  bar  and 
pointer,  said  bar  and  pointer  moving  in 
a  plane  in  the  direction  of  the  axis  of  the 
drum  aud  following  the  helix,  so  as  to 
point  out  the  position  of  the  cage  on 
the  end  of  the  rope  in  the  main  shaft. 
This  apparatus  has  recently  been  put  in  |s| 
use  on  the  Corns  took,  and  we  described  ~_r^ 
it  in  detail  a  few  weeks  since  in  speak-  JSI 
ing  of  the  machinery  for  the  North  Con.  fiisj 
Virginia  mine,  which  was  made  at  the 
Union  Iron  Works  in  this  city.  It  ia  the  ^S§ 
best  improvement  in  this  line  yet  devised.    ^B 

Attachmknt  for  Bottle  Fastenings. 
— Stephen  Martinelli,  Watsonville. — 
Dated,     Jan.       28th.  —  This     invention  «j 

relates  to  a  novel  attachment  to  the 
fastenings  of  bottles,  such  aa  are  em- 
ployed  to  hold  the  corks  in  place  where 
effervescing  liquids  are  confined.  These  fasten- 
ings consist  of  a  curved  metal  cork,  so  hinged  at 
the  sides  of  the  bottle  neck,  as  to  swing  over 
the  cork  to  retain  it  in  place  after  the  bottle  ia 
filled,  and  they  are  pulled  to  one  side  when  it  is 
desired  to  remove  the  cork.  It  is  often  very 
difficult  to  remove  these  fastenings,  as  they 
become  embedded  in  the  cork  by  the  internal 
pressure.  This  invention  consists  in  the  employ- 
ment of  a  lever  attachment  to  the  link  or  fasten- 
ing, so  that  the  inventor  is  enabled  to  overcome 
any  strain  and  remove  the  fastening  at  any 
time,  with  very  little  effort. 

Step  Ladder.— E.  W.  Benjamin,  S.  F. — 
Dated,  Jan.  28th.  — This  invention  in  step  ladders 
consists  in  arranging  a  slide  so  as  to  move  in 
grooves  on  the  supports  or  bracing  standards; 
said  slide  being  also  suitably  attached  to  the 
steps  by  means  of  arms,  so  that  when  the  sup- 
ports are  extended  the  arms  hold  the  slide 
firmly,  thus  uniting  the  steps  and  the  supports 
solidly  together,  and  preventing  any  liability  of 
the  ladder  shutting  up.  A  cord  attached  to 
the  Blide  leads  to  a  ring  or  pulley  on  the  top 
of  the  step,  by  means  of  which  the  slide  may 
be  moved  up  in  its  grooves,  and  the  supports  or 
standard  thus  brought  back  against  the  Bteps, 
leaving  the  ladder  on  a  compact  form  when  not 
in  use. 

Jewelry-.—  Robt.  W.  Edwards,  S.  F.—  Dated, 
Jan..  28th. — This  invention  relates  to  certain  im- 
provements in  jewelry,  and  it  consists  in  a 
novel  method  of  forming  rings,  pins,  bracelets, 
earrings  and  similar  articles,  so  that  the  orna- 
mental seal,  brouch  or  pendant  may  be  reversed 
to  give  a  different  front  at  pleasure  with  the 
same  frame  or  ring. 

John  O.  Winship,  a  lawyer,  and  Postmaster 
Sweet,  of  Windham,  Oregon,  have  been  sen- 
tenced each  to  $1,000  fine  and  oue  year  in  the 
county  jail  for  conspiring  to  defraud  their  credi- 
tors. 

The  rafting  of  logs  on  Eel  river  this  winter 
has  been  attended  with  success. 


The  North  Bloomfield  Gravel  Mining  Co. 

We  have  received  the  annual  report  to  fcjie 
stockholder?,  of  the  North  Bloomfield  Gravel 
Miuiug  Co.,  with  a  statement  of  accounts  from 
October  1872,  to  December  31st,  1S78.  The 
superintendent  of  this  company  is  Henry  C. 
Perkins,  and  the  general  manager,  Mr.  Hamil- 
ton Smith,  Jr.,  the  well-known  hydraulic  min- 
ing engineer.  The  report  ia,  like  all  previous 
ones  of  this  company,  prepared  with  the  great- 
est care  and  detail,  and  will  serve  as  ;i  model 
for  mine  reports.  There  are  a  great  many  in- 
teresting facts  in  this  report,  from  which  we 
condense  the  following: 

Washing  was  commenced  at  the  North 
Bloomfield  mine  on  January  12th,  1S7*,  and 
continued  until  October  10th,  when  the  annual 
clean-up  was  made.  After  this  clean-up  only 
40,000  iuchca  of  water  were  used  in  November 
and  December.  In  this  report  a  miners1  inch  is 
always  assumed  per  a  flow  of  24  hours,  being 
equivalent  to  a  discharge  of  2,230  cubic  feet  of 
water. 

The  following  statement  shows  the  amounts 
of  bullion  produced,  and  water  used  for  1870  to 
the  close  of  1878: 

Time.     Iuches  uaed.         Yield  pur  iticli.        Gross  produut. 
1870-1  710,987  18.0  $  90,700.00 

1874-5  386. 972  19. 2  74,271.77 

1775-0  700,000  27.5  102,735.73 

1870-7  595,000  48.9  2)10,775.42 

1877-8  796,449  39.1  311,270.70 

During  the  past  season  more  water  was  used 
and  more  bullion  produced  than  for  any  previ- 
ous year.  The  yield  per  iuch  was  30  I -10 
cents  as  against  48  9-10  cents  in  1877.  This 
diminution  of  yield  has  been  chiefly  due  to  the 
comparative   poverty    of    the    gravel    channel 


isiinni  pressure  of  770  feet,  or  334  pounds  per 
square  inch.  It  discharges  about  1,250  miners' 
inches  with  the  full  head  of  310  feet. 

A  telephone  wire  has  been  built  along  the 
line  of  the  works,  and  is  found  of  great  conve- 
nience. 

The  Trustees,  at  the  special  request  of  the 
miners,  decided  to  receive  from  them  their  sur- 
plus earnings,  paying  seven  per  cent  interest 
thereon;  the  funds  derived  from  this  source  to 
be  invested  in  the  bonds  of  the  company.  This 
action  was  deemed  advisable  to  inculcate  sav- 
ing habits  in  the  workmen,  and  give  them  a 
personal  interest  iu  the  company. 

The  completion  of  the  Bowman  dams  and 
Texas  creek  pipe  has  finally  closed  the  construc- 
tion account  of  the  company.  For  some  five 
years  past  a  largo  part  of  the  earnings  have 
been  spent  in  this  way.  The  manager  consid- 
ers that  the  outlook  for  future  profits  are  very 
favorablo,  as  a  constant  water  supply  is  now 
assured  for  the  entire  year,  except  in  very  ex- 
ceptionally dry  seasons. 

The  tables  accompanying  this  report  show 
the  expenses,  etc.,  of  the  mine  in  the  greatest 
detail,  and  are  very  carefully  prepared.  Items 
of  mining  cost,  water  cost,  yield,  profits,  etc., 
are  given  in  tables  which  show  plainly  the  pro- 
portions of  all  with  relation  to  each  other. 


An  Improved  Hoisting  Engine. 

The  accompanying  engraving  represents  the 
Niles  improved  hoisting  engiue  for  mining  pur- 
poses. These  engines  are  made  double  with 
single  drum,  double  engines  with  double  drum, 
and  single  engines  with  double  drum,  geared  to 
suit  requirements.  They  are  made  for  surface 
or  underground  work,  and  to  be  run  by  steam 
or  air.  Messrs.  Parke  &  Lacy,  the  agents,  have 
put  several  of  this  type  of  hoists  in  operation  in 
this  State,  one  pair  of  8x12  being  at  the  Guada- 
lupe quick  silver  mine,  one  at  Volcano,  Amador 


THE    NILES    IMPROVED    MINING    HOIST    ENGINE. 


worked  last  year.  The  main  tunnel  has  been 
extended  from  No.  7  shaft  about  1,300  feet  aud 
connected  with  the  workings  by  shaft  No.  9. 
A  sluice  has  been  placed  iu  this  extension, 
and  hereafter  all  the  up-stream  gravel  will  be 
washed  through  it.  The  cost  of  this  extension 
and  new  shaft  amounted  in  14  months  to  $27,- 
896. 

The  tunnel  was  extended  in  nine  months 
1006  feet,  with  a  section  of  nine  feet  square. 
Burleigh  drills,  driven  by  a  Burleigh  compress- 
or, were  used.  The  progress  made  averaged 
112  feet  per  month  at  a  cost  of  $24  per  foot, 
including  a  full  allowance  for  wear  and  tear 
of  machinery  and  superintendence.  Only  one 
shift  of  drillers  was  employed  ;  by  increasing 
the  number  of  workmen,  probably  175  feet 
would  have  been  driven  each  month,  at  about 
the  same  cost  per  foot.  Previous  to  the  use 
of  these  drills,  three  shifts  of  miners  in  the 
same  tunnel  averaged  a  speed  of  25  feet  per 
month,  at  a  cost  of  $27  per  foot. 

Up  to  this  time  about  10,000,000  cubic  yards 
of  gravel  have  been  washed  through  the  Bloom- 
field Tunnel  over  its  natural  or  bedrock  floor, 
but  the  resulting  wear  has  in  no  way  impaired 
its  usefulness. 

The  cost  per  inch  of  water  during  the  last 
season  was  a  trifle  over  two  and  a  half  cents,  or 
one-third  leas  than  for  previous  years,  and 
being  at  the  rate  of  one  cent  for  each  ten-hour 
inch. 

The  Bowman  reservoir  dams  have  been 
finally  completed,  at  a  cost  of  $15,082;  making 
a  total  cost  of  $96,640  as  cost  of  enlargement 
from  the  old  72-foot  level.  These  dams  are 
very  substantial,  and  compare  favorably  as 
regards  stability  with  similar  large  structures 
in  other  parts  of  the  world.  The  reservoir  will 
now  contain  907,000,000  cubic  feet  of  water,  or 
410,000  24-hour  inches. 

The  ditch  and  pipe  conducting  the  waters  of 
Texas  creek  into  the  main  canal,  four  miles  be- 
low the  Bowman  reservoir,  have  been  completed 
at  a  total  cost  of  $23,779.  The  pipe  is  an  in- 
verted syphon  4,400  feet  long,  17  inches  in  di- 
ameter, made  of  riveted  plate  iron,  with  its  in- 
let 310  feet  above  outlet,  and  sustaining  a  max- 


county,  etc.  These  engines  are  very  compact, 
and  as  the  gearing  is  all  cut  they  are  noiseless 
in  running.  The  engraving  shows  a  10x12  en- 
gine. This  engine  will  hoist  2,500  pounds  1,000 
feet  with  60  pounds  of  air. 

Postage  on  Newspaper  Articles.  — We 
never  could  quite  understand  why  matter 
written  for  a  book  should  be  carried  in  the 
mail  for  one  cent  an  ounce,  while  matter 
written  for  a  newspaper  should  be  charged  six 
cents.  The  public  certainly  has  more  interest 
in  articles  written  for  newspapers  than  for 
books,  and  if  any  favor  is  to  be  shown  it  should 
be  on  the  side  in  which  the  public  has  the 
greatest  interest.  There  is  a  chance  that  at 
least  the  discrimination  against  newspaper 
articles  may  be  removed,  for  we  read  in  the 
Prairie  Farmer  that  a  bill  before  Congress,  in- 
troduced by  Representative  Carlisle,  of  Ken- 
tucky, among  other  things,  provides  that  here- 
after all  manuscripts  intended  for  publication 
in,  and  mailed  to  the  editor  or  publisher  of, 
any  newspaper  or  periodical,  issued  'at  stated 
periods  from  a  known  office  of  publication,  and 
all  proof-sheets  and  corrected  proof-sheets 
thereof,  shall  be  included  in  mailable  matter  of 
the  third  class,  and  shall  be  charged  postage  at 
the  rate  of  one  cent  for  each  ounce  or  fraction 
thereof,  provided  the  same  be  the  production  of 
the  editors  of  the  journals,  or  regular  or  author- 
ized correspondents  or  contributors.  It  is  to 
be  hoped  it  will  become  a  law. 

Mr.  J.  S.  Phillips  the  well-known  mining 
engineer  and  author  of  Phillips'  "Explorers' 
Miners'  and  Metallurgists'  Companion,"  has 
removed  his  chemical  laboratory  and  general 
mining  offices  to  No.  702  California  street, 
where  he  is  prepared  to  give  practical  instruc- 
tions on  mineral  analysis,  assaying,  and  the 
general  subjects  of  mining  and  metallurgy. 
Mr.  Phillips  has  been  a  practical  operator  for 
many  years,  and  is  now  much  better  fitted  than 
ever  for  giving  instructions  on  the  various 
branches.  Testing  and  assaying  are  taught  to 
prospectors  for  especial  mountain  requirements. 


Vulcan  Blasting  Powder. 

This  is  the  name  of  a  blasting  powder  wel* 
aud  favorably  known  on  this  coast.  Until  re- 
cently it  was  manufactured  by  Messrs.  It.  W 
Warren  k  Co.,  but  this  firm  has  now  been 
succeeded  by  the  Vulcan  Powder  Co.,  office  123 
California  street,  iu  this  city.  The  company 
owns  two  works.  The  first  erected  about  four 
years  ago  near  Reno,  Nevada.  This  is  the 
smaller  of  the  two,  coveriug  about  five  acres. 
The  number  of  men  employed  is  15;  the  motive 
power,  water,  capacity  about  oue  ton  of  powder 
per  day.  The  second  works  wore  built  about 
six  months  ago  near  San  Pablo,  Cal.  These 
latter  works  are  complete  in  every  particular, 
and  at  their  fullest  capacity  can  turn  out  ten 
tons  of  powder  per  day.  The  company  here 
owns  a  tract  of  250  acres,  12  of  which  are  cov- 
ered by  the  mills,  sheds  and  other  buildings 
necessary  in  the  manufacture  of  the  powder; 
20  to  30  men  are  constantly  employed.  Steam 
power  alone  is  used  as  a  motor.  No  sporting 
powder  turned  out,  the  company  confining  it- 
self strictly  to  the  manufacture  of  mining  pow- 
ders. Vulcan  powder,  when  ready  for  market, 
is  in  the  form  of  cartridges,  varying  from  g  inch 
to  1J  inches  in  diameter,  and  from  4  to  8  inches 
in  length.  It  is  packed  in  cases  of  10,  25,  50, 
aud  100  pounds. 

Vulcan  powder  is  of  three  grades  :  Nos.  1,  2 
and  3.     No.  1,  is  claimed  to   be  the   strongest 

fiowder  in  use,  its  strength  equalling  that  of 
iquid  nitro-glycerine.  No.  2,  is  said  to  be  so 
strong  that,  except  in  the  hardest  rock,  it 
answers  every  purpose.  No.  3,  is  a  slower 
powder  than  the  other  two,  and  more  adapted 
to  outside  work  and  quarrying.  These  powders 
are  a  composition  of  nitro-glycerine  and 
other  explosives,  which  latter  act  as 
absorbant,  consequently  there  being  no 
inert  matter,  as  in  other  "high  explo- 
sives," every  particle  of  it  exert  ex- 
plosive force,  not  an  iota  of  power  being 
lost.  Another  advantage  claimed,,  ia 
that  the  materials  used  in  its  composi- 
tion, being  all  decomposed  by  its  ex- 
plosion, nothing  is  left  to  float  through 
the  mine  where  the  men  have  to  breathe, 
and  consequently  inhale  the  dust,  as  is 
said  to  be  the  case  when  a  non- 
exploaive  absorbant  is  used  in  the  manu- 
facture of  a  mining  powder.  As  the 
p-  smoke    from   Vulcan   powder  passes   off 

Wk  quickly,  the  miners  can  soon  after  a  blast 
j^  resume  work,  thus  saving  time  and  ex- 
g|         pense. 

As  an  indication  of  its  high  reputa- 
3p=-  tion,  we  are  informed  that  it  is  was 
jgg.  given  the  preference  over  all  other  high 
explosives,,  by  the  U.  S.  Engineering 
department  at  New  York,  in  the  "Hell 
Gate"  excavations.  On  this  coast  it  is 
largly  used  in  prominent  mines  in  Cali- 
fornia, Nevada,  Montana,  Idaho,  Utah, 
Arizona,  Mexico,  etc.,  etc.,  also  iu  im-  * 
portant  railroad  works,  and  wherever  a 
blasting  powder  is  required. 

In  the  new  company,  prominent  mining 
men  are  interested,  and  thoroughly  under- 
standing the  wantB  of  the  mining  com- 
munity, we  have  no  doubt  that  Vulcan 
powder  will,  in  the  future,  add  to  its  already 
good  reputation,  as  a  strong,  safe,  uniform 
and  reliable  explosi  ve.  The  officers  of 
the  company  are :  Hamilton  Smith,  Jr. , 
President;  Ralph  L,  Shainwald,  Secretary;  R. 
W.  Warren,  Manager.  Directors — Hamilton 
Smith,  Jr.,  R.  W.  Warren,  L.  L.  Robinson,  J. 
Baum  and  J.  P.  Pierce.  Office,  123  California 
street. 


Dangerous  Things  (?) 

The  echoes  of  the  Giant  powder  explosion 
have  not  yet  ceased  reverberating  it  seems, 
though  it  is  only  in  the  fainter  form  of  nerve 
tremors  by  the  interested  public,  or,  perhaps, 
of  pen  throbs  by  those  who  do  the  writing  for 
them.  "Box"  takes  one  of  t'.ie  latter  to  task  as 
follows: 

Editors  Press: — A  correspondent  of  the 
Morning  Call  has  written  a  long  article  upon 
deadly  poisons  and  explosions,  wherein  he  (or 
she)  states  that  "cyanide  of  potassium"  is  so 
dangerously  destructive  to  life  that  merely 
sprinkling  a  sore  or  tasting  it  would  cause 
death  in  a  few  minutes;  and  that  there  is  a 
fulminate  of  gold  with  such  amazing  strength 
that  even  a  small  pill-box  would  contain  suffi- 
cient to  destroy  "all  London,  or  the  largest 
army."  Beware!  for  it  is  as  dangerous  to  write 
upon  a  subject  you  do  not  understand  as  it  is  to 
handle  deadly  drugs. 

S.  F.,  Jan.  23d,  1879. 


Box. 


A  strong  company  has  been  organized  for 
introducing  a  large  amount  of  water  from  the 
Mokolumne  river  upon  the  farming  lands  lying 
between  that  stream  and  the  Calaveras. 


Quite  a  severe  earthquake   shock  was  felt  in 
Visalia  Monday  night  about  12  o'clock. 

Hay  ia  selling  in  the   fields  near  Bakersfield 
at  $4  per  ton. 


105 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[February  15,  1879. 


FOREIGN    PATENTS 

FOR  PACIFIC  STATES  INVENTORS 

ARE  SECURED   IN  MUCH   LESS   TIME, 

—BY— 

DEWEY    &    CO., 

AT  THE  OFFICE  OF   THE 

Mining  and   Scientific  Press, 

THAN'   THROUGH   AST   OTHER   AGtTCCY. 

Established  in  I860, 

THIS    FIRM    CAN    BE     RELIED    UPON 

—  AS— 

Honest,  Competent,  Permanent, 
All  of  Which    Points    are    Imperatively 
Requisite  in  Attorneys,   for    the    In- 
terests of"  Their    Applicants    for 
Patents    in    Distant    Lands. 


Our  Associates  and  Correspondents  are  the 
Best  Practitioners  in  every  country  where  Pat- 
ents are  granted. 

For  Foreign  Patents  no  model  is  required,  as 
a  rule,  except  in  Canada.  The  Specifications 
and  Drawings  of  the  American  Patent,  if  com- 
plete and  perfect,  will  suffice  for  us  to  prepare 
the  case.  In  Great  Britain  and  other  countries 
we  apply  for  patents  in  the  inventors'  own 
names,  thus  avoiding  their  being  published  to 
the  world  in  the  name  of  a  foreign  agent,  as  is 
usual  through  other  and  less  painstaking  agen- 
cies. 

Frequently  several  inventions,  covered  by 
different  patents  in  the  United  States,  on  the 
same  subject,  can  be  skillfully  combined  in  one 
patent  in  foreign  countries,  when  well  under- 
stood by  intelligent  attorneys. 

As  the  privileges  of  our  inventors  are  cut  off 
in  some  countries,  and  curtailed  in  others,  if  not 
applied  for  soon  after  the  issue  of  the  U.  S. 
patent,  we  advise  inventors  whose  patents  will 
be  valuable  in  various  populous  civilized  coun- 
tries, to  lose  no  time  in  applying  for  patents 
whenever  they  intend  to  obtain  them  for  them- 
selves or  the  benefit  of  others — with  their  own 
means  or  through  the  resources  of  those  who  are 
permitted  to  share  the  benefits.  It  must  be 
remembered  that  the  English  (and  some  other 
important  nations)  invite  the  early  introduction 
of  inventions  into  their  realms,  by  offering  pat- 
ents to  the  first  introducer  (which  means  the 
first  applicant),  without  regard  to  the  rights  of 
the  actual  inventor,  who  has  no  after  recourse. 

For  important  inventions  it  is  best  to  apply 
for  foreign  patents  at  the  time  of  application  for 
or  before  the  issue  of  the  U.  S.  patent. 

Term  of  Patents  in  Foreign   Countries 


COUNTRIES. 


Period  of  Years 
Granted,  Etc. 


Australian  Colonies: 

Victoria 14  years  in  successive 

i     periods,  3.  4  i  7  yrs- 

Tasmania 14  years  in  successive 

j    periods,  3,  4  £  7  yrs. 

New  South  Wales 1 7  to  14  years 

Queensland ,7  to  14  years 

New  Zealand IFulltenn,  14. years... 

Austria ]15  years,  by  annuities. 

Argentine  Republic 25  years  or  more,  de- 
termined by   gov't 

Belgium [20  years  by  annuities. 

Brazil ;  5  to  20  years 

Cauada,  (including  British  Colombia) ,  14  years 

Chile [25  years  or  more,  de- 
termined by  gov't., 

Cuba 5,  lOandlo  years 

Denmark 10  to  20  years,  at  the 

option  of  governm't. 

England .- 14  years,  in  successive 

periods,  3,  4  &  7  yrs . 

France 15  years,  by  annuities. 

German  Empire 15  years 

Italy 18  years,  by  annuities. 

India...., 14  years,  5  copies,  spec- 
ification required. 

Mexico ;FuU  term,  10 years..: 

Norway |5  to  10  years,  at  the 

option  of  gov'm't.. 

Portugal Importation  5,  Inven- 

■     tion  15  years 

Peru 25  years  or  more,  de- 

;    tennined  by  govt. . 

Russia Importation  1  to  6  yrs, 

,    Invent'u,  3, 5, 10  yrs. 
Spain Importation,  5  yrs,  In- 
vention 5.  10,  15  yrs. 
Sweden ;3  to  5  yrs,  at  the  op- 
tion of  government. 


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and  the  Pacific  Rural  Press,  San  Franoisco. 


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Scientific  and  Practical  Books 
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Published  or  issued,  wholesale  and  retail,  by  DEWEY  & 
CO.,  Mixing  and  Scientific  Press  Office,  S.  F. 

BY  GLMDO   KUSTEL, 

Mining  Engineer  and  Metallurgist. 

Roasting  of  Gold  and  Silver  Ores,  and  the 
Extraction  of  their  respective  Metals  without  Quick- 
silver.    1S70. 

This  rare  book  on  the  treatment  of  gold  and  silver  ores 
without  quicksilver,  is  liberally  illustrated  aud  crammed 
full  of  facts.  It  gives  short  and  concise  descriptions  of  va- 
rious processes  and  apparatus  employed  in  this  country 
and  in  Europe/and  explains  the  why  aud  wherefore 

It  contains  142  pages,  embracing  illustrations  of  fur- 
naces, implements  and  working  apparatus. 

It  is  a  work  of  great  merit,  by  an  author  whose  reputa- 
tion is  unsurpassed  in  his  specialty. 
Price,  $2.50  coiu,  postage  free. 

Concentration  of  Ores  (of  all  kinds),  including 
the  Clilorination  Process  for  Gold-bearing  Sulphurets, 
Arseniurets,  and  Gold  and  Silver  Ores  generally,  with 
120  Lithographic  Diagrams.     1S67. 

This  work  is  unequaled  by  any  other  published,  embrac- 
ing the  subjects  treated.  Its  authority  is  highly  esteemed 
and  regarded  by  its  readers;  containing,  as  it  does,  much 
essential  information,  to  the  Miner,  Milhuan,  Metallurgist, 
And  other  professional  workers  in  ores  and  minerals,  which 
cannot  be  found  elsewhere  in  print  It  also  abounds 
throughout  with  facts  and  instructions  rendered  valuable 
by  being  clearly  rendered  together  and  in  simple  or- 
der. It  contains  120  diagrams,  illustrating  machinery, 
etc.,  which  alone  are  of  the  greatest  value.     PRICE.  $7";. 


Mucti  Obliged,  Etc. 

Portland,  Oregon.  June  26th,  1S77. 
Dewey  &  Co.,  Patent  Solicitors,  S.  F.— Gents:  I  am 
much  obliged  to  you  for  courtesy  shown  me,  and  am  much 
pleased  with  the  manner  in  which  you  have  done  my  bus- 
iness, and  assure  you,  will  cheerfully  recommend  you  to 
my  acquaintance  needing  such  services.  Hope  to  have  a 
case  again  before  long,  of  my  own.  I  have  been  an  inventor 
all  my  life,  but  let  others  "reap  the  benefit,  or  had  work 
stolen  from  me.  Please  have  the  extra  copies  of  my  pa 
ent.  etc.,  mailed  to  me  direct,  aud  oblige 

Yours  truly.  ~J.  H.  Woodrum. 


F.   MOORECROFT, 

Stone  Seal  Engraver. 

THURLOW    BLOCK, 

Room  3S,  12G  Kearny  St.,  Cor.  Sutter,  San  Francisco. 


Coats  of  Arms,  Crests,  Monograms  and  Ma- 
sonic Inscriptions  Ca^oQ^'Jgv  Engraved, 
hat  amonnr: 


Awarded  highest  prize  at  Centennial  Exposition  for 
fine  chexrxng  qualities  and  excellence  ruitt  Izzti.ig  char- 
acter of  sweetening  (pt-f  flavoring,  The  best  tobacco 
over  made.  As  our  blue  strip  trade -"nark  is  closely 
imitated  on  inferior  pctods.  see  that  Jndfcson's  Best  is 
on  every  pin?.  Sold  by  all  dealers.  Send  for  sample, 
nue,  to  O    a^  Jackson  &  Co.,  Mfrs.,  Petersburg,  V* 

L   &  E.  WERTHHEIMEE,  Ag'tS.Sau  Francisco. 


TRUMP  CHUCK  Hardened  Steel, 
Three  Jaws. 

S  F.LF-CEST  EHTNG. 

Holds  Secueely. 


for  drills  J  &  under.Si.50 
For  drills  ji  under,  2^5 
By  Mail  postage,  4  &  8  rts. 
Accurate,  Duraole,    Well  made  and  equal  to  the  bast  Chucks  in  use. 
TRUMP  BEOS.,  Mfrs.,  Wilmington,  Del.,  TJ.  S.  A, 


Barlow  J.  Smith.  M.  D* 

Consulting    Physician, 

Professor  of  Phrenology  and 
Mental  Hygiene. 

Proprietor  of  the  Smithsonian  Medical  and  Phrenologica 
Institute.  £35  California  Streets  above  Kearny. 

This  Institute,  by  combining  medical  hygiene  with  the 
various  "Water  Cure  treatments  and  the  most  powerful  Elec- 
trized ttorseshoe  Magnet  in  the  world,  claims  to  cure  speed- 
ily ana  permanently  all  forms  of  acute  or  chronic  nervc- 
vital  derangements,  Brain,  Spinal  aud  Heart  diseases,  St. 
Vitus  Dance,  Palsy.  Epilepsy  and  all  Rheumatic,  Liver  aud 
Kidney  troubles.  The  institution  has  for  the  past  20  years 
made  a  specialty  of  treating  all  forms  of  weaknesses  and  dis- 
eases peculiar  to  males  and  females.  By  the  use  of  hygienic 
remedies  and  electro-inotorpathy  the  worst  foruiB  of  impo- 
teucy  and  seminal  weakness  in  males  and  sterility  in  fe- 
males are  speedily  and  permanently  overcome.  Hygienic 
board,  with  or  without  rooms.  Terms  moderate.  Electro- 
thermal, Russo-Turkish  and  Medicated  Baths    given  daily. 

Mrs.  Dr.  Smith  as  Matron  has  charge  of  the  female  bath- 
ing department. 

Dr.  Smith  has  practiced  Phrenology  the  past  30  years, 
and  during  the  last  20  years  has  been  constantly  using  the 
science  connected  with  Physiognomy,  in  examining  or  diag- 
nosing disease  in  this  city,  and  claims  to  have  made  discov- 
eries in  the  Science  of  Phrenology  that  enables  him,  by  an 
examination  of  the  head,  even  blindfolded,  to  determine  the 
disease  to  which  the  person  is  constitutionally  subject,  or 
whether  the  disease  at  the  time  afflicting  the  person,  is  the 
result  of  accident  or  hereditary  weakness  ;  whether  Con- 
sumptive, Dyspeptic,  Rheumatic,  Apoplectic,  Neu- 
ralgic. LBTJCORRH<BAX,or  Seminal.  Especially  does  the 
form  of  the  head  indicate  the  strength  of  the  uterine,  geni- 
tal or  reproductive  system.  The  head  is  also  an  index  of  the 
natural  strength  of  the  lungs,  heart,  stomach,  liver,  kidneys, 
spleen,  back  or  vertebra,  and  it  determines  the  power  of  the 
system  in  warding  off  and  overcoming  disease  of  all   kinds. 

Ladies  or  gentlemen,  desirous  of  obtaining  a  thorough  and 
correct  Phrenological  examinations  with  Fowler  and  Wells' 
harts,  will  meet  with  a  respecful  reception  at  his  consulting 
rooms.  Parties  can  depend  upon  a  reliable  delineation  of 
the  character  of  their  intimate  male  or  female  friends,  by 
presenting  a  clearly  defined  photograph. 

Phrenological  or  Physiognomical  examinations  without 
charts,  $1.50  ;  with  charts,  from  §2  to  §3. 

INVITATION  TO  INVALIDS 
And  all  persons  who  are  in  any  way  out  of  health,  who  de- 
sire to  know  the  nature  and  causes  of  their  disease,  may 
avail  themselves  of  an  examination  through  phrenology  in 
regard  to  nealth  free  of  charge,  between  the  hours  of  9  A.  M. 
aud  8  P.  M.     Sundays  from  9  a    m.  to  12  M. 


CAUTION 

To  Hydraulic  Miners. 

The  public  generally  and  Hydraulic  Miners  especially 
are  hereby  notified  that  any  parties  making  er  using  the 
contrivance  known  as  the  HOSKIN  DEFLECTOR  will  be 
prosecuted  to  the  full  extent  of  the  law,  said  machine 
having  been  declared  by  the  U.  S.  Circuit  Court  an  in- 
fringement upon  my  patent,  the 

Bloomfield  Deflecting  Nozzle. 

The  public  are  also  cautioned  against  using  the  Hoskin 
Deflector  because  of  its  danger  to  life  and  limb,  this  de- 
vice having  already  occasioned  several  deaths  and  other 
serious  accidents.  The  BLOOMFIELD  DEFLECTOR  is 
entirely  safe,  its  two  and  a  half  years  use  without  acci- 
dent, as  well  as  its  construction,  proves  It  to  be  a  reliable 
contrivance. 

Any  parties  wishing  to  purchase  the  right  to  use  these 
Deflectors  can  do  so  by  applying  to  the  undersigned, 

HENRY  C  PERKINS, 
North  Bloomfield,  Nevada  Co.,  Cil.,  Octo- 
ber 1st,  1878. 


1,  S.  PHILLIPS,  1.  e. 

Consulting  Engineer  i  Metallurgist, 
Examiner  of  Mines  and  Assayer, 

702    CALIFORNIA     STREET, 
Author  of—  »  ■  w  -  San  Francisco. 

The  Explorers',  Miners'  and  Metallurgists'  Companion, 

672  pages,  83  Illustrations,  (2d  Edition.)    Price $  10  50 

The  prospector's  "Wee  Pet"'  Assayer,  (Patented) 100  00 

The  Testing  Machine  for  Cold,  Silver,  Lead,  etc 40  00 

The  "Little  Wonder"  Self -calculating  Sample  and 

Eutton  Weigher,  (Patented) 25  00 

Blow-pipists'  Pocket  Laboratory  of  Tools,  Fluses,  etc.    50  00 

Vest  Pocket  Blowpipe 3  00 

CHARGES.— Assaying,  $3;  Testing,  $2  per  metal 

Assaying  and  Testing  Taught. 


Pocket  Map  of  California  and  Nevada. 

Compiled  from  the  latest  authentic  sources,  by  Chas. 
Drayton  Gibbs,  C.  E.  This  map  comprises  information 
obtained  from  the  V.  S.  Coast  and  Land,  Whitney's  State 
Geological,  and  Railroad  Surveys;  and  from  the  results  of 
explorations  made  by  R.  S.  Williamson,  U.  S.  A,  Henry 
Degroot,  C.  D.  Gibbs  and  others.  The  scale  is  IS  miles  to 
1  inch.  It  gives  the  Judicial  and  U.  S.  Land  Districts. 
It  distinguishes  the  Townships  and  their  subdivisions;  the 
County  Seats;  The  Military  Posts;  the  Railroads  built  and 
proposed,  and  the  limits  of  some  of  them;  the  occurrence 
of  gold,  silver,  copper,  quicksilver,  tin,  coal  and  oiL  It 
has  a  section  showing  the  bights  of  the  principal  moun- 
tains. The  boundaries  are  clear  and  unmistakable,  and 
the  print  good.  1378.  Sold  by  DEWEY  &  CO.  Price, 
postpaid,  $2;  to  subscribers  of  this  journal,  until  further 
notice,  $L 


Dewey  &  Co. 


202 


^Patent  Ag'tS; 


uii$iiie$$  birectory. 


WM.    BARTLIN9.  HENRY  KIMBALL 

BARTLING-    &    KIMBALL, 
BOOKBINDERS, 

Paper  Rulers  &  Blank  Book  Manufacturers. 
505  Clay  Street,(southwest  corner  Sansome), 

SAN   FRANCISCO. 


Lewis  Peterson. 


John  Olsson. 


PETERSON   &  OLSSON, 

Model  Makers,  and  Manufacturers  of  Em- 
blematic Signs.    Models  for  the  Patent 
Office,  in  Wood  or  Metal,  a  Specialty, 
NO-   328   BUSH   STREET, 

Bet.  Montgomery  and  Kearny,  (up  stairs),  San  Francisco. 
All  kinds  of  tin,  copper  aud  brass  work  made  to  order. 

San  Francisco  Cordage  Company.^ 

Established    1856. 

We  have  just  added  a  large  amount  of  new  machinery  of 
the  latest  and  most  improved  kind,  and  are  again  prepared 
to  fill  orders  for  Rope  of  any  special  lengths  and  sizes.  Con- 
stantly on  hand  a  large  "stock  of  Manila  Rope,  all  sizes: 
Tarred  Manila  Rope;  Hay  Rope;  Whale  Line,  etc  ,  etc 

TUBBS    &    CO., 
611  and  613  Front  Street,  San  Francisco 


DEFLECTED    HEAT! 

Boswell's  Combined  Heater.  Cooker,  Ba- 
ker, Clothes  and  Fruit  Drier. 


Combining  the  advantages  of  a  Stove,  Furnace,  Oven, 
Dry  House  and  Kitchen  Range.  An  application  of  Scientific 
Principles  to  the  economy  of  living,  of  labor,  of  health  and 
of  comfort.  A  handsome  piece  of  Furniture  adapted  to  the 
wants  of  every  family.  It  equally  economizes  time,  labor  and 
fuel  and  avoids  exposure  to  heat  in  cooking  as  well  as  in 
baking.  It  bakes  Bread,  Cakes  and  Pies  to  any  desired  tint 
without  turning  or  watching,  or  danger  of  burning.  All 
odors  produced  in  cooking  are  passed  up  the  flue.  Food 
cooked  by  deflected  heat  is  improved  in  flavor,  more  easily 
digested,  contains  more  nutriment,  will  keep  fresh  longer, 
and  is  also  much  improved  in  appearance.  The  stages  of  the 
cooking  or  baking  can  be  seen  without  stooping  or  opening 
the  doors  of  the  oven.  It  will  dry  and  bleach  your  clothes  in 
from  half  an  hour  to  one  hour  and  a  half,  and  heat  your  irons. 

Fruit  dried  in  the    Boswell    will  gain  from  twenty  to 

FORTY'  PER  CENT,    in    WEIGHT,    and    THIRTY  PER  CENT.   In 

quality  over  that  dried  by  any  other  process.  It  will  suc- 
cessfully dry  ;tny  kind  of  Fruit,  Grapes.  Berries,  Meats,  Fish, 
Vegetables,  Coffee,  Tobacco,   Com  and  Grain  of  all   kinds. 


Boswell's   Commercial   Fruit  Drier, 

Used  exclusively  for  drying  and  heating  purposes  on  a  laroe 
scale. 

—  ALSO  — 

BOSWELL'S    CABINET   HEATER, 

Of  all  sizes. and  capacity  for  heating  Private  Residences, 
Hotels,  Halls,  School  Houses,  Churches,  Offices,  Stores, 
Railroad  Cars.  Hospitals,  etc 

All  of  which  can  be  operated  successfully  by  a  mere  child, 
it  is  so  simple  in  its  construction,  and  with  one-third  the 
usual  amount  of  fuel  (coal  or  wood),  used  in  any  other  heat 
ing,  cooking  or  drying  apparatus. 

Every  farmer  and  economical  housekeeper  should  use  it. 
It  will  pay  for  itself  in  the  saving  of  fuel;  It  will  pay  in  the 
superior  character  of  its  fruit  drying,  of  its  cooking, 
ROASTiNo»and  baking;  it  will  pay  in  its  salubrious  and 
healthful  warm  air;  it  will  pay  the  rich  and  the  poor  alike. 

Address,  for  Price  List  and  descriptive  illustrated  circulars, 

Boswell  Pure  Air  Heater  Co., 

No.  606  Montgomery  Street,  San  Francisco,  California, 
S.  R.  LIPPINCOTT,  Secretary. 

EUGENE  L.  SULLIVAN,  Pres't. 


illiMM 


mm  c  aw^. 


MAXrFACTTKED  BY 


HI.   ROTBB, 

Nos.  855,  857,  S59  &  801  Bryant  Street,  Cor.  Park  Avenue 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 


PRINTER'S   PROOF   PRESS, 

COMPLETE    AND    IN    GOOD    WORKING     ORDER, 

|Por  Sale  at  tills  office, 

AT    THE    LOW    PRICE    OF    $37-50. 

£gf  Call  aud  see  it.TSt 


February  15,  1879.J 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


107 


fMalllijiy  apd  Oreg. 

Nevada    Metallurgical    Works, 

Ne.  23   STEVENSON  STREET. 
Near  First  and  Market  Street*. 

Orea  worked  by  any  proceea, 

Orea  sampled. 

Assaying  in  all  its  branches. 

Analysis  of  Ores,  Minerals,  Waters,  etc 

WnKKlNC  TE»T»  MALE. 

Plans  furnished  for  the  most  suitablo  process 
lor  working  Ores. 

Bpeoia]   attention   paid   to    Examinations   of 
Mines;  plans  and  reports  furnished. 
E.  HUHN. 

C.  A.  LOCKHABDT, 
Mining  Engineers  and  Metallurgists 

JOHN  TAYLOR  &  CO., 

Ini|mrt«n»of  and  Dealers  in 

ASSAYERS*   MATERIALS, 

CHEMICAL  APPARATUS  AND  CHEMICALS,  DRUG- 
GISTS' GLASSWARE  AND  SUNDRIES,  Etc. 

512  &  518  Washington  St.,  San  Francisco 

We  would  call  the  special  attention  uf  Assayers,  Chem- 
ists, Mining  Companies;  Milling  Companies  Prospectors, 
etc..  to  oar  stock  of  Clay  O-udbles,  Haffles,  Dry  Cups, 
etc,  manufactured  by  the  Patent  Plumbago  Cruci- 
ble Co.,  of  London,  England,  for  which  we  have 
been  made  Sole  AgmUfcrr  '><•■  Pacific  Count.  Circulars 
with  prices  will  be  sent  upon  application. 

Alio,  to  our  large  and  well  adapted  stock  of 

Assayers'  Materials  &  Chemical  Apparatus, 

Having  been  engaged  in  furnishing  these  supplies  since 
the  first  discovery  of  mines  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 

£3n>ur  (..old  aiid  Silver  Tables,  showing  the  value  per 
ounce  Troy  at  different  degrees  of  fineness,  and  valuable 
taBlea  for  compulation  Ql  assays  in  grains  and  grammes, 
will  be  sent  free  upon  application. 

JOHN    TAYLOR    &    CO. 


LEOPOLD   KUH, 

(Formerly  of  the  U.  S.  Branch  Mint,  S.  F.) 

Assayer    and    Metallurgical    Chemist, 

No.  611  COMMERCIAL  STREET, 
(Between  Montgomery  and  Kearny,) 

San  Francisco,  Cal. 


OTTOKAR  HOFMANN, 
METALLURGIST  and  MINING  ENGINEER, 

415  Mission  St.,  bet.  First  and  Fremont  Streets, 
SAN    FRANCISCO. 
£2TEreclion  of  Leaching    Works  a  Specialty. 
£5TLeaching  Tests  made. 


TKOS.  PRICE'S 

Assay    Office    and    Chemical 
Laboratory, 

524  Sacramento  St..  S.  F. 


O.  F.  Deetkes.  Wm.  E.  Smitu, 

PIONEER    REDUCTION   WORKS, 

No.  19  Channel  Street,  San  Francisoo,  Cal 
G.  F.  DEETKEN,  MANAGER. 

Hghcst  price  paid  for  GOLD,  SILVER  and  Copper  Ores. 


METALLURGICAL    WORKS, 
STRONG    &    CO.,   10  Stevenson   Street, 

ORES  SAMPLED,  TESTED,  ASSAYED. 


ELECTRIC   LIGHT. 

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GU  IDO     KUSTEL, 

MINING  ENGINEER  and  METALLURGIST. 

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steads; Lands  for  Soldiers  and  Sailors;  Lands  for  Indians; 
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Abstract  from  the  U,  S-  Statutes.— The  Law 
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ornia  Post  Offices.     Price,  post  paid,  50  cts. 

uollsbed  and  sold  by  DEWEY  &  CO.,  S.  P 


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0 

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G.  A.  CARLETON, 

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THE  IMPROVED  0'HARRA 

CHL0RIDIZING  FUENA0E. 

Patented  Sept.  10th,  1878. 

Now  in  Operation  at  the  Extra  Mining  Co.  's 
Works,  Copper  City,  Shasta  Co.,  Cal. 

Two  men  and  two  cords  of  wo  3d  roast 

Forty  Tons  of  Ore  in  Twenty-four  Hours, 

Giving  a  full  chlorination  (100%)  at  a  cost  of  30  cents  per 
on.     Address, 

O'HARRA    &    FERGUSON, 
Furnaceville,  Shasta  Co,,  Cal 
Or  CHAS.  W.  CRANE,  Agent, 

Room  10,  Safe  Deposit  Building,  San  Francisco. 


507  Mechanical  Movements. 

Every  mechanic  Should  have  a  copy  of  Brown's  507  Me- 
chanical Movements,"  illustrated  and  described.  Inventors, 
model  makers  and  amateur  mechanics  and  students,  will 
find  the  work  valuable  far  beyond  its  cost.  Sold  by 
Dewet  &  Co.,  Patent  Agents  and  publishers  of  Mmiwa 
and  Scientific  Press,  San  FranciBco.  Price,  gl,  (post  paid. 


108 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[February  15,  1879. 


Continued  from  Page  101- 


level,  but  little  advance  has  been  made  owing 
to  a  necessity  for  timbering.  The  daily  yield  of 
ore  is  gradually  lessening,  and  the  bullion  re- 
turns for  the  present  month  are  not  likely  to 
reach  the  amount  of  the  proceeds  of  January. 

Con.  Virginia. — The  ore  stopes  on  the  1500 
and  1400  levels  are  looking  well,  and  there  is  a 
steady  increase  in  the  amount  of  ore  extracted. 
Sinking  the  C.  &  C.  shaft  is  going  forward  at 
the  rate  of  2*  feet  per  day.  The  joint  west 
crosscut  on  the  1950  level  is  still  advancing  in 
favorable  ledge  material. 

Yellow  Jacket. — The  connection  between 
the  new  shaft  and  the  2200  level  of  the  old 
works  having  been  made  last  Friday,  a  station 
is'  being  cut  out  at  that  point.  This  station  is 
the  2280  of  the  new  shaft,  the  difference  be- 
tween the  surface  level  of  this  shaft  and  the  old 
one  being  about  80  feet.  When  the  2280  sta- 
tion of  the  new  shaft  is  completed,  all  future 
hoisting  of  water,  rock  or  ore  will  be  done 
through  it,  instead  of  the  old  shaft  and  the 
Crown  Point  as  heretofore. 

Ophir. — The  daily  yield  of  ore  is  about  SO 
tons.  The  yield  of  bullion  for  the  present 
month  is  several  thousand  dollars  ahead  of  what 
it  was  at  the  same  date  in  January,  showing  a 
steady  increase  in  the  milling  value.  The  ore 
stopes  from  the  1900  down  to  the  2000  levels 
are  yielding  rich  ores.  The  bullion  yield  for 
January  was  in  round  numbers  $191,000. 

Alta. — Sinking  a  large,  double-compartment 
joint  shaft  or  winze  below  the  1550  level  on  the 
dividing  line  between  the  Alta  and  the  Benton, 
has  been  commenced,  and  is  making  good  head- 
way. 

Julia  Con. — The  breakage  of  the  pump-bob 
has  again  delayed  the  draining  of  the  water 
from  the  2000  level.  The  south  branch  of  the 
Sutro  Tunnel,  which  passes  a  distance  of  20  feet 
east  of  the  shaft,  nine  feet  below  the  1600  sta- 
tion, is  rapidly  nearing  the  main  shaft.  A  drift 
has  been  started  east  from  the  shaft  to  connect 
with  it. 

Bullion. — The  north  drift  on  the  2400  level 
is  making  excellent  progress,  the  face  in  a  soft, 
lively  character  of  vein  matter,  showing  streaks 
of  fine  looking  quartz  giving  low  assays,  along 
with  a  slight  seepage  of  water. 

Lady  Bryan. — During  the  first  part  of  the 
week  a  fine  vein  of  handsome  looking  quartz 
was  struck  in  the  bottom  of  the  main  shaft 
while  sinking. 

Crown  Point. — The  air  connection  with  the 
joint  pump  shaft  was  completed  on  Saturday 
morning  last.  This  thoroughly  ventilates  the 
mine  down  to  that  depth. 

Consolidated  Imperial. — The  recent  con- 
nection of  the  Yellow  Jacket  shaft  with  the 
2200  level,  which  corresponds  with  the  2400 
level  of  the  Imperial,  has  already  greatly  ben- 
efited the  air  circulation  of  the  mine. 

Belcher.  — The  north  drift  on  the  2560 
level  has  connected  with  the  south  drift  from 
the  Crown  Point  on  the  2500  level,  affording  a 
splendid  circulation  of  good  air  and  greatly 
facilitating  the  work  in  that  portion  of  the 
mine. 

North  Consolidated  Virginia. — The  big 
shaft  26^  feet  in  length  and  22  inches  in  diame- 
ter, arrived  yesterday,  and  is  being  placed  in 
pusition  ready  for  service. 

Savage. — The  east  crosscut,  on  the  2100 
level,  has  been  steadily  advanced  during  the 
week  and  is  now  in  371  feet. 

Sutro  Tunnel. — The  south  lateral  branch 
will  connect  with  the  Julia  shaft  in  the  20-foot 
drift  the  coming  week,  a  very  important  con- 
nection, giving  not  only  a  much  needed  air  cir- 
culation, but  an  outlet  for  the  water  which  is 
bulldosing  the  lower  levels  of  the  Julia.  No 
definite  or  satisfactory  understanding  has  been 
as  yet  arrived  at  between  the  main  Comstock 
mining  companies  and  Sutro,  consequently  the 
big  tunnel  is  not  made  available  just  yet  for 
hot  water  drainage. 

Leviathan. — Twenty-two  feet  has  been 
added  to  the  length  of  the  main  north  lateral 
drift  on  the  750  level.  The  face  of  the  drift  is 
in  clay,  quartz  and  porphyry,  of  a  very  promis- 
ing character. 

Best&  Belcher. — Sinking  the  Osbiston  shaft 
is  making  good  progress,  taking  into  considera- 
tion the  strong  flow  of  water.  The  joint  east 
drift,  on  the  1700  level,  is  now  in  486  feet. 

Trojan.— The  south  drift  from  the  west  drift 
on  the  second  station  level  is  in  45  feet,  the  face 
in  quartz  and  porphyry,  assaying  from  §10  to 
$15  per  ton. 

Utah. — The  new  hoisting  engines  are  ready 
to  start  up.  The  standing  pumps  are  placed  in 
position  ready  for  service  in  the  main  incline. 

Hale  &  Norcross. —Sinking  the  winze  to 
connect  the  2100  and  2000  levels  is  making  good 
progress. 

Mexican.— The  north  drift  on  the  2000  level 
is  Bteadily  advancing,  the  face  in  hard,  black 
porphyry.  It  is  now.  in  380  feet.  The  joint 
Union  Con.  winze  below  the  1600  level  is  now 
down  221  feet. 

Silver  Hill. — The  east  crosscut  on  the  1100 
level  is  steadily  advancing,  the  face  in  dry,  hard 
porphyry  showing  streaks  of  clay. 

Caledonia. — Sinking  the  double  perpen- 
dicular winze  below  the  1600  level  is  going  vig- 
orously forward,  the  bottom  in  rock  that  blasts 
out  well. 

Justice.  —The  Pappoose  mill  is  kept  steadily 
running  on  reserve  of  ore  from  the  mine. 

Union  Con. — Sinking  the  joint  Mexican  be- 
low the  1600  level  is  making  the  best  of  head- 
way considering  the  extreme  hard  character  of 
the  rock  penetrated. 

Ward, — The  erection  of   the   new  hoisting 


machinery  is  making  the  best  of  progress. 

Overman. — The  north  drift  on  the  1600 
level  is  making  good  progress;  the  face  still  in 
quartz  and  vem  matter. 

Gould  &  Curry. — Sinking  the  Osbiston  shaft 
is  making  good  progress  considering  the  trouble 
caused  by  the  strong  flow  of  water.  Repairing 
the  main  shaft  is  making  good  headway. 

Chollar-  Combination  Shaft. — Sinking  the 
main  Bhaft  below  the  2250  level  is  making 
steady  progress.  The  flow  of  water  at  the  bot- 
tom is  still  quite  strong.  The  new  air  com- 
pressor will  soon  be  ready  to  start  up. 
EUREKA  DISTRICT. 

Mining  Notes. — Sentinel,  Feb.  8:  In  our 
weekly  rounds  on  Ruby  Hill,  we  dropped  into 
the  Eureka  Consolidated  mines  on  Tuesday 
last,  where  we  jiound  everything  moving  along 
in  the  accustomed  manner.  There  is  some 
prospecting  work  being  done  on  the  fifth  level, 
where  they  have  some  ore.  On  the  seventh  and 
eighth  levels,  and  more  particularly  the  latter, 
there  ape  immense  bodies  of  high  grade  ore,  in 
which  the  black  metal  predominates.  It  will 
require  a  long  time  to  exhaust  the  ore  between 
these  two  levels,  which  as  yet  seems  hardly  to 
have  been  touched.  The  ore  on  the  eighth  level 
is  the  richest  that  has  been  found  in  the  mine, 
and,  we  think,  will  prove  to  be  the  largest  body 
yet  discovered.  However,  there  is  but  little 
known  of  the  extent  of  the  ore  bodies  in  this 
company's  mines,  as  not  one-half  of  their 
ground  has  been  prospected,  and  the  probabili- 
ties are,  that  in  two  years  hence  the  property 
will  be  much  more  valuable  than  it  is  to-day. 
One  fact  has  already  been  proven,  that  as  depth 
is  attained  in  this  mine  the  ore  becomes  richer 
in  gold.  At  the  present  time  one-half  of  the 
yield  from  the  furnaces  is  gold.  A  new  tunnel, 
to  be  called  the  Morgan,  is  about  to  be  started 
on  the  west  side  of  Prospect  mountain,  imme- 
diately between  the  Charter  and  Prospect 
mountain  tunnels,  and  running  parallel  with 
them.  It  will  cut  the  Mary  Ann,  Ozark,  Eliza- 
beth, Lady  Hull,  Erie  and  other  prominent  and 
valuable  mines  in  the  mountain.  The  Phenix 
is  working  a  force  of  30  men.  Incline  140  feet. 
The  Jackson  continues  to  send  forth  its  full 
quota  of  ore.  Capt.  Adam's  Silver  Lick  mine 
is  showing  up  splendidly.  The  Mountain  Boy, 
is  being  worked  on  a  lease  by  some  Frenchmen. 
Reported  doing  well.  Zinc  ore  is  being  taken 
from  the  Lizette  tunnel.  It  comes  from  the 
old  workings  of  the  Richmond  mine. 

PARADISE  DISTRICT. 

Credit  Mobilier.^S Uver  State,  Feb.  1:  This 
mine  has  been  bonded  by  its  owner,  A.  M.  Sad- 
orus,  to  a  Sacramento  company.  It  is  situated 
near  R.  H.  Scott's  ranch,  in  the  range  of  moun- 
tains which  divide  Paradise  and  Eden  valleys. 
It  has  been  prospected  by  its  discoverer  and 
owner  by  a  shaft  to  a  depth  of  60  or  70  feet, 
and  carries  the  richest  gold  bearing  quartz  of 
any  mine  yet  found  in  this  part  of    the  country. 

Paradise  Company. — No  dividends  as  yet. 
New  property,  only  five  months  since  its  dis- 
covery ;  has  developed  in  a  most  remarkable 
manner  considering  the  short  time  the  company 
has  been  at  work  upon  it.  Over  §30,000  have 
already  been  expended  in  opening  the  mine, 
with,  as  before  mentioned,  very  remarkable 
results,  for  the  mine  is  already  producing  from 
10  to  15  tons  of  ore  per  day  that  assays  from 
$200  to  $300  per  ton,  and  this  out-put  of  ore 
comes  from  the  drifts  being  run  without  any 
stoping  being  done.  The  company  is  about 
starting  the  Rye  Patch  custom  mill,  and  will 
not  build  one  of  its  own  until  next  summer. 
That  this  mine  will  soon  be  on  the  dividend  list, 
there  is  not  a  question  of  doubt.  There  is  very 
little  stock  for  sale,  and  that  finds  a  ready 
market  at  from  $2.00  to  $2. 50  per  share. 

Bullion.  — The  Bullion  mine  is  developing 
finely.  The  ledge  is  said  to  be  20  feet  wide, 
and  the  ore  body  the  largest  and  richest  yet 
found  in  the  district.  A  part  of  the  Bullion 
mine  has  been  bonded  by  Capt.  Rawlings  of 
Virginia,  who  has  a  force  of  men  employed 
prospecting  it. 
REESE  RIVER  DISTRICT. 

Western  Nye. — Heveilk,  Feb.  8:  The  Alex- 
ander mill  is  now  running  again  with  renewed 
vigor,  all  necessary  repairs  having  been  made. 
They  will  ship  the  usual  amount  of  bullion  to- 
morrow. A  new  ore  dump  and  railroad  track  is 
being  erected  near  the  entrance  to  the  south 
tunnel.  The  mine  continues  to  yield  large 
quantities  of  rich  ore,  with  no  new  develop- 
ments to  report.  The  stock  recently  ran  down 
from  $11  to  $2,  without  any  apparent  cause,  as 
the  company's  affairs  are  in  good  shape,  and 
producing  considerable  bullion,  and  with  their 
new  mill  an  increase  of  bullion  shipments  may 
be  expected.  Within  a  period  of  four  days  the 
stock  advanced  to  $6£,  the  latest  quotations  re- 
ceived. The  furnace  at  DowneyviLle  started  up 
on  25th  ult.,  but  the  jacket  sprung  a  leak  and 
had  to  be  shut  down  for  repairs;  however,  it 
started  up  again  on  the  1st.  The  mines  are 
looking  about  as  well  as  at  any  time  heretofore. 
On  Tuesday  morning  they  shipped  several  tons 
of  bullion.  A  ledge  has  been  discovered,  three 
miles  from  Downeyville,  the  croppings  of  which 
assay  $120. 

Manhattan. — During  the  24  days  that  the 
mill  was  run  in  the  month  of  January  there 
was  reduced  490£  tons  of  ore,  the  assay  value 
of  which  is  $80,959.60;  of  this  amount  $21,- 
288.84  was  from  custom  ores;  $5,517.27  from 
tribute  mines  and  $54,333.50  from  the  Frost 
and  Curtis  shafts. 
TRINITY  DISTRICT. 

Numa  Co.—  Silver  State,  Feb.  8:  This  San 
Francisco  corporation,  have  a  force  of  miners 
employed   on    the    Evening  Star  mine,    eight 


miles  west  of  Oreana.  The  mine  is  said  to  be 
looking  well  and  yielding  considerable  rich  ore. 
The  Evening  Star  was  worked  extensively  in 
the  early  days  of  this  county,  and  produced 
sufficient  ore  to  run  an  eight  stamp  mill  steadi- 
ly until  water  was  encountered  in  the  mine, 
which  caused  a  suspension  of  operations,  and 
resulted  in  the  desertion  of  the  district.  The 
mill,  which  was  built  by  the  Evening  Star  com- 
pany, was  removed  from  the  district,  and  for 
years  the  place  was  abandoned.  One  or  two  of 
the  old  owners  worked  assessments  on  the  mine 
every  year  and  obtained  a  patent  for  it,  and 
some  time  since  incorporated  under  the  name  of 
the  Numa  company.*  A  lot  of  ore  from  the 
mine  will  soon  be  worked  at  the  Hope  mill,  and 
the  prospects  are  so  encouraging  that  the  work- 
ing force  on  the  mine  has  been  increased. 

AEIZONA. 

Globe  District. — Silver  Belt,  Feb.  7:  Meek 
&  Anderson  are  arastring  El  Capitan  ore., 
Thomas  Kirvin,  on  leased  ground,  has  de- 
veloped rich  ore.  Good  ore  is  reported  struck 
in  the  Peacock  claim.  Several  tons  of  good  ore 
have  been  sent  from  the  Rescue  mine  to  the 
Miami  mill.  The  shaft  on  the  Alice  mine  is 
now  down  90  feet,  and  in  three  feet  of  carbon- 
ate ore.  The  Metamora  company  is  likely  to 
put  hoisting  works  on  that  mine.  The  shaft  is 
now  about  150  feet  deep.  Work  is  being  done 
on  the  Elephant  claim,  north  of  Black  peak. 
The  Miami  company  has  started  to  crush  ore. 
Fifty  tons  are  in  the  mill.  The  Queen  mine 
shows  well-defined  walls,  and  good  ore  is  in 
sight.  Shaft  down  40  feet.  On  Wednesday 
last  a  large  body  of  rich  ore  was  struck  in  the 
Stonewall  Jackson.  Its  estimated  value  is 
$1,000  per  ton.  Machinery  passed  through  this 
place  last  Tuesday  for  the  concentrators  now  in 
the  course  of  erection  at  the  Wheatfields.  The 
Mattie  West,  extension  of  the  Belgium,  is  pros- 
pecting well.  Some  of  the  ore  has  assayed  346 
ounces.  It  belongs  to  Lieu  ranee  Bros.  &  Co. 
George  Weber,  who  was  prospecting  a  blind 
lead,  discovered  promising  ore. 

IDAHO. 

Silver  City  Notes. — Star,  Feb.  4: 'At  the 
Black  Jack  mine  work  is  progressing.  Consid- 
erable is  being  done  in  the  way  of  prospecting 
and  putting  the  mine  in  shape  for  work  the 
coming  season.  Large  shipments  of  ore  are 
daily  being  made  to  the  mill.  The  ledge  is 
looking  unusually  well,  and  is  yielding  the 
regular  supply  of  rich  ore.  The  mill  is  run- 
ning to  its  full  capacity,  with  prospect  of  the 
necessary  water  supply  for  the  winter  months. 
The  mine  on  Florida  mountain  is  turning  out 
first-class  rock.  The  ledge  is  eight  feet  wide, 
and  the  rock  now  being  crushed  at  the  Leonard 
mill  will  yield  somewhere  in  the  vicinity  of  $70 
to  the  ton.  The  Potosi  is  looking  well.  The 
mine  has  been  producing  a  good  supply  of  ore 
during  the  past  few  weeks,  averaging  nearly 
$50  to  the  ton.  There  are  some  20  men  em- 
ployed. The  Morning  Star  mine  has  been  put 
in  condition  foi  active  operations,  aud  the  work 
of  taking  out  rock  will  commence  in  a  few  days. 
The  Mahogany  mine  and  works  have  been  sold 
at  Sheriffs  sale  for  $10,000. 


News  in  Brief. 

The  thermometer  at  Salt  Lake  has  touched 
zero. 

California  lions  kill  many  pigs  in  Butte 
county. 

Two  high  Turkish  officials  have  proved  incor- 
ruptible. 

Stockton  has  admitted  colored  pupils  to  the 
white  schools. 

■    One  hundred  and  one  deaths  occurred  in  this 
city  last  week. 

Fresno  county  has  a  12-year-old  boy  who 
stands  six  feet  two  inches. 

Several  mines  on  the  Comstock  lode  have 
been  attached  by  creditors. 

A  man  was  lately  killed  in  Philadelphia  by 
the  explosion  of  a  beer  barrel. 

An  embargo  has  been  laid  on  the  importation 
of  American  cattle  into  Canada. 

At  Dry  town  a  lady  named  Mrs.  Spooner 
committed  suicide  by  hanging. 

A  fatal  horse  disease  prevails  about  New- 
berg,  Yamhill  county,  Oregon. 

Passenger  travel  over  the  Central  Pacific 
railroad  is  very  light  at  present. 

Passanante,  who  attempted  to  kill  the  King 
of  Italy,  has  been  pronounced  sane. 

R  L.  Ryan  fell  down  the  shaft  of  the  Bodie 
mine  on  the  6th  inst.  and  was  killed. 

Queen  Victoria  is  about  to  become  a  great- 
grandmother,  and  not  yet  60  years  old. 

Napa  City  is  to  have  a  pottery  which  will  be 
in  operation  in  the  course  of  a  few  weeks. 

A  Montana  snow-slide  lately  swept  away  an 
ore-shed,  killing  three  men  and  six  horses. 

The  St.  Gothard  tunnel  is  now  13,481  feet 
long,  being  the  longest  tunnel  in  the  world. 

The  Tulare  foothills  are  covered  with  green 
grass,  but  it  is  not  yet  long  enough  for  feed. 

The  Sandwich  Islands  are  likely  to  become  a 
place  of  refuge  for  Chinamen  leaving  California. 

The  city  of  Memphis  has  suppressed  her 
charter  as  a  corporation,  to  avoid  paying  her 
debts. 

There  is  estimated  to  be  4,500,000  barrels  of 
petroleum  in  the  tanks  in  the  oil  region  of  Penn- 
sylvania. 

No  more  silver  five-cent  pieces  will  probably 
be  coined,  and  their  place  is  to  be  filled  by 
nickles. 

There  are  at  Cheyenne  3,000,000  pounds  of 
boilers  and  machinery  awaiting  shipment  to  the 
Black  Hills, 


A  new  "Municipal  Reform"  party  has  been 
started  in  San  Francisco.  It  is  non-partisan  and 
purely  local. 

The  value  of  real  estate  and  improvements  in 
Napa  county  is  $6,818,390,  and  of  personal  prop- 
erty $1,297,951. 

Revised  returns  of  the  production  of  wine  in 
Napa  county  in  1878,  show  that  2,100,000  gal- 
lons were  made. 

About  20,000  buildings,  costing  over  $280,- 
000,000,  have  been  erected  in  New  York  during 
the  past  11  years. 

Dakota  has  an  army  of  immigration  agents 
working  Iowa  and  other  States  in  the  interest 
of  that  Territory. 

The  Southern  PaciBc  railroad  employs  in 
Arizona  1,200  laborers — 1,000  Chinamen  and 
200  white  men. 

In  view  of  the  late  Supreme  Court  polygamy 
decision,  the  Mormons  have  entered  a  protest 
and  taken  more  wives. 

Measures  for  preventing  the  spread  of  the 
plague  have  been,  or  are  about  to  be,  taken  by 
every  nation  in  Europe. 

The  names  of  a  number  of  naturalized  citi- 
zens have  been  stricken  from  the  great  register 
on  the  ground  of  fraud. 

The  buds  of  almond  and  cherry  trees  in  the 
vicinity  of  Marysville,  California,  are  nearly 
ready  to  burst  into  blossom. 

Three  children  in  Sutter  county  came  near 
being  fatally  poisoned  by  chewing  the  inside 
bark  of  the  black  locust  tree. 

During  January  the  grain  shipment  from  the 
Salinas  depot  of  the  Southern  Pacific  railroad 
amounted  to  631,284  pounds. 

A  lady  named  Davenport  was  thrown  from  a 
buggy  at  Visalia  and  received  injuries  from 
which  she  died  the  same  day.  t 

A  party  of  Tehama  bear  hunters  killed  three 
grizzleys  last  week.  The  largest  weighed  be- 
tween 800  and  900  pounds. 

Orange,  Los  AngeleB  county  has  been  ex- 
periencing the  visits  of  horse  thieves.  Five 
were  stolen  on  Friday  night  last. 

According  to  judicial  investigations  recently 
had  in  San  Francisco,  the  price  of  Chinese 
women  ranges  here  from  $100  to  $700. 

TnE  last  survivor  of  the  Lewis  and  Clarke 
expedition,  a  colored  man,  aged  nearly  90  years, 
was  frozen  to  death  lately  in  Virginia. 

Coyotes  are  killing  a  large  number  of  sheep 
in  Tehama  county.  The  withdrawal  of  the 
scalp  bounty  is  pronounced  an  injustice. 

Miss  Tortillot  lately  walked  48  hours  in 
Stockton  without  food,  drink  or  reBt.  What 
useful  things  she  is  able  to  do  is  not  stated. 

Michael  Hall,  astout  young  Irishman,  on  a 
wager,  drank  a  quart  of  whisky  at  one  draftjin 
Sutro,  Nevada,  last  week,  fell  down  in  a  stupor, 
was  taken  to  his  lodgings  and  died. 

A  man  lately  fell  into  the  water  in  the  lower 
levels  of  one  of  the  Comstock  mines  and  was 
scalded  to  death.  This  water  was  heated  to  a 
fatal  temperature  wholly  by  natural  causes. 

The  amount  of  counterfeit  coin  in  circulation 
in  the  United  States  is  said  to  be  $2,000,000, 
besides  the  great  number  of  genuine  pieces  made 
fraudulent  by  the  removal  of  part  of  the  metal. 
i  While  the  Irish  will  celebrate  St.  Patrick's 
day  in  this  city,  a  number  of  organizations  will 
decline  to  march  in  the  procession,  preferring 
to  observe  the  anniversary  in  some  less  ostenta- 
tious manner. 

John  Timmerman  was  found  dead  in  the  road 
ten  miles  from  Wickenburg,  Arizona,  recently. 
He  was  shot  in  the  side,  and  is  supposed  to  have 
been  murdered  for  his  money,  as  he  had  some 
$700  on  his  person. 

A  letter  from  Dublin  states  that  while  in 
Ireland  Gen.  Grant  was  constantly  shadowed 
by  a  Dublin  detective,  who  expected  to  discover 
evidence  that  Gen.  Grant  was  the  Fenian  head- 
center  of  the  United  States. 


Our  Eastern  Agency. 


We  have  established  a  special  Eastern  Agency  for  the 
Press  at  No.  38  University  Place,  New  York 
City,  with  MR.  JOHN  MICHELS-  He  will  cor- 
respond for  our  columns,  and  also  receive  subscriptions, 
advertisements,  etc. ,  for  the  accommodation  of  our  Eastern 
friends. 


Frebh  attractions  are  constantly  added  to  "Wood- 
ward's Gardens,  among1  which  is  Prof.  Gruber's  great 
educator,  the  Zoographicon.  Each  department  increases 
daily,  and  the  Pavilion  performances  are  more  popular 
than  ever.  All  new  novelties  find  a  place  at  this  wonder- 
ful resort.     Prices  remain  as  usual. 


Artesian  Wells  Wanted.— Parties  who  are  prepared  to 
contract  for  boring  artesian  wells  are  invited  to  send 
terms  to  Edward  FriBbie,  proprietor  of  the  Reading-  Ranch, 
Anderson,  Shasta  County,  Cal. 


Settlers  and  others  wishing-  good  farming  lands  for 
sure  crops,  are  referred  to  Mr.  Edward  FriBbie,  of  Ander- 
son, Shasta  County,  Cal.,  who  has  some  15,000  acres  for 
sale  in  the  Upper  Sacramento  valley.  HiB  advertisement 
appears  from  time  to  time  in  this  paper. 


Examine  the  accelerative  endowment  plan,  as  originated 
by  the  Mutual  Beneiit  Life  Insurance  Co.,  of  Newark, 
New  Jersey.  Assets,  $30,533,429.94.  Lewis  C.  Grover, 
President;  L  Spencer  Coble,  Vice-President;  Benjamin  C. 
Miller,  Treasurer;  Edward  A.  Strong,  Secretary;  Bloom- 
field  J.  Miller,  Actuary.  Send  for  circulars  to  James- 
Munsell,  Jr.,  agent  of  insured,  224  Sansome  St,  San' 
Francisco.    • 

Experimental  Machinery,  drawings,  patterns,  models, 
all  kindB  of  electrical  and  telegraphic  apparatus  to  order. 
See  ad.     F.  W.  Fuller,  416  Market  St..  second  floor,  S.  F. 

Henry  R.  Ewald  is  our  general  correspondent  and" 
agent  for  Arizona. 


Chew  Jackson's  Bkbt  Sweet  Navy  Tobacco  - 


February  15,  1879.] 

■         ~ 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


109 


GENERAL  MERCHANDISE. 

{VBOLM&Lal 

Wednemdat  ar.  February  13,  1179- 
■  aCA    Jobblaj.         IPlaater.  Goldra 
Inf  HUodarJ  Wlm.  9  <1  9,1     OH*  MUU  . ..  3  00  «  3  35 
JtYtiUe  *  Co  Laud  I'laafcr.  in  10  W  £13  50 

Hand  Sowed.  33x».    9  «  9t 

HxJB 

J3l« 

Machine  B»d.33z3e 
riour  Hacks,  oalfca. . . 


I  .»  91 

SlwrlO 
ill  6\ 

blhi W< 

i,  SO  Inch 13  n>li 

Mlooh >1«  9 

taincb :'.  '  a 

Wool  Sacks, 
Hand  Sewed,  3,  ■>..«  <W0 

'lido, 50  «M| 

Macolue  Hewed 45  W- 

HUndard  Ouealea..  ..13f@U 

Bean  Ban 7  13  71 

I1MII1-. 

CmlalWai 17  «— 

Eafle 13  (8- 

Paleut  Hperm »<t  - 

CAMMED  VOODft. 
Assorted  Pie  Fmlta. 

1)  ft,  cans 3  00  %    — 

Table  do 3  00  9    - 

Jama  and  JelUee..3  50  w     — 

PleUea.  nf  »1 3  15  %    - 

Sardines.  ,\T  bol.,1  671«1  90 

HI  Boxes 3  50  <gj  75 

Preaerred    Beef. 

3ft..  dot 4  00  &    — 

do  Boef.41b.dot6  50  @    — 
Preaerred  Mutton. 

3D.  do> 4  00  tS     - 

Beef  Torujue 6  50(0    — 

Preaerred     Ham, 

3D>.doz 6  50(9    - 

Deriled  Ham.  1  lb, 

dor. 5  50  @    — 

do  Ham.  lib  dor-3  00  (0     — 
(  II  11      J. ilil. In(. 

Australian,  ton..  S  00  "* 

Coos  Bar 6  50  %  7  00 

Bellluaham  Bay.  6  60  W-    — 

Seattle 6  00  (3  6  50 

Cumberland 14  00  Cgj 

Mt  Diablo 4  75  0>  6  00 

Lehnjh 13  50  <5 

Liverpool 7  50  (9  8  00 

West  Hartley. .  .10  50  (8 

Scotch 10  50  <g 

Scranton 11  60  (a 

Vancouver  Id. . .  7  00  (A 

Charcoal,  sack...      75  @ 

Coke,  bbl 60  to 

COFFEE. 

Sandwich  Id.  lb. 
Costa  Rica. 
Guatemala. 
Java 


VI  ILK. 

Aae'led  sizes,  ken  2  »  8  3  00 

OIL*. 

Pacific  Glue  Cos 
Neelef.«it,  No  1.1  00  ®    90 

Castor.  Nol 1  10  e»    - 

do.  No.  3 1  06  @    - 

Baker's  A  A 1  35  Wl  30 

Ollee.  Plajulol.-.S  35  «rs  75 

Poasel 4  75  (4)5  IS 

Palm,  lb 9  (S    - 

Linseed,  Raw.  bbl.    73  @    - 

Boiled 75  to    - 

Coooanut 55  (g    — 

('hli.snut.es 70  to    7?i 

Sperm 1  40  to 

Coast  Whales 40  to    — 

Polar U  @    - 

Lard 90  Ml  00 

oleophine 22  lit    271 

Dctoc's  Brilt 22  (»    23) 

Pbotollte —  to    — 

Nonparlel 31  to    321 

Eureka 18  to    42| 

Barrel  kerosene. . .     20  %    — 

Downer  Ker 37ito     - 

Elaine 37lS    - 

I'lHT.. 
Pure  White  Lead.      8  0      f  I 

Whiting 1|<4 

Puttr 4«      5 

Chalk 14(4    - 

Paris  White 2j@    - 

Ochre 34to    — 

Venetian  Red ::j.'     — 

Arerill  Mixed 

Paint,       teal 

White  &  tints... 3  00  @2  40 
Green.   Blue     4  * 

Ch  YeUow 3  00  to3  50 

Light  Red 3  00  (43  50 

Metallic  Roof...!  30  Ml  60 


M'ning  and  other  Companies. 


Persons  interested  In  Incorporated  shares 
will  do  well  to  recommend  the  publication 
of  the  official  notices  of  their  companies 
In  this  paper,  as  the  cheapest  appropriate 
medium  for  the  same. 


Ground,  in  cs. . . 
FISH, 

Sac'to  Dry  Cod., 
do    in  cases.. 

Eastern  Cod — 

Salmon,  tibia.  ...  8  00  <&  9  00 

Hf  bbls 5  00  (S  5  50 

1  B>  cans 1  40  to  1  45 

Pkld  Cod.  bbls. .22  00  <§ 

Hf  bbls 11  00  @ 

Mackerel.  No.  L 

Hf  Bbls 9  50 

In  Kits 1  85 

Ex  Mess 3  35 

Pkld  Herring,  bx  3  00  §  3  60 

Boston  Smkd  H'g     70  to 

LIME,  Etc. 

Lime,  Sta  Cruz, 
bbl 1  25  to  1  50 

Cement,  Rosen- 
dale 2  00  (§  2  25 

Portland 4  00  (S 


»10  50 

i  l  io 


RICE. 

China.  Mixed,  lb.,       5  (4      5 

Hawaiian 7  «r      7 

SALT. 
Cal.  Bay.  ton.. ..15  00  «M2  50 

Common 10  00  (412  00 

Carmen  Id 12  00  (414  00 

Llfernool  fine . . .  19  00  (St 

soap. 

Castile,  lb 10  (4  10) 

Common  brands. .      4J<o?  6 

Fancy  brands 7@  8 

sr  I  lis. 

Clores,  tt> 45  (4  50 

Cassia 221(4  25 

Nutmegs 85  (9  30 

Pepper  Grain 15  (9  17 

Pimento 15  (8  16 

Mustard.        CaL, 

lib  glass 1  50  to  — 

SUGAR,  ETC. 

Cal  Cube,  lb 11,(9  — 

Powdered 11 


Fine  crushed. . 
Granulated... 
Golden  0 


111(4 
11  @ 


70  (4 
26  @ 


30 


TEA. 

Young        Hyson, 

Moyune,  etc 27  (9    30 

Country  pekd  Gun- 
powder A  Im- 
perial     50  @    60 

Hyson 30  to    35 

Fooo-OhowO 35  &    — 

Japan,  1st  quality    40  to    — 
2d  quality 20  @    25 


METALS. 

[WHOLESALE. 

Wrdnwday  M.,  February  12.  If  78. 

Ikon.— 

American  Pig,  soft,  ton 23  00  @26  00 

Scotch  Pig,  ton 25  60  @26  i.0 

American  White  Pig,  ton 23  00  <# 

Oregon  Pig.  ton 26  50  <a 

Refined  Bar 2J@       3 

Hone  Shoes,  keg 6  00  @ 

NaU  Rod —  to       7i 

Norway,  according  to  thickness 61<§       7 

Copper.— 

Sheathing,  lb ." 34  @      35 

Sheathing,  YeUow 19  @     2fl 

Sheathing,  Old  Yellow -  @- 

Steel.— 

English  Cast,  lb 16  @      17 

Black  Diamond,  ordinary  sizes 16  @ 

Drill ; 16  @      17 

Flat  Bar 16  @      19 

Plow  Steel 8  @      12) 

Tin  Plates.— 

10x14  I  C  Charcoal 8i@        9 

10x14  I  C  Coke 7  @       7. 

BancaTin 18  <g—  20 

Australian 15j@      17 

ZINC.— 

By  the  Cask 9  <&) 

Zinc,  Sheet  7x3  ft.  7  to  10,  lb.  less  than  caBk. .        '.'  y  -  10 

NAiLa— 
Assorted  sizes 2  90®3  00 

Gold,    Legal    Tenders.    Exchange.    Etc. 

[Corrected  Weekly  by  8utro  &  Co.  J 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  February  12,  3  P.  M. 

Silver  2fl@2£.     Gold  In  New  York,  par. 

Gold  Baas,  890@910.  Silver  Barm,  8@20  i&  cent,  dia 
oount. 

Exohanoeod  New  York,  25,  on  London  bankers,  49J@ 
49J.  Commercial.  50;  Parts,  five  francs  $  dollar;  Mexican 
dollars,  87|(g89. 

LONDON  Consols,  96  5-16;  Bonds,  104  3-7. 

Qcioksilver  in  S.  F.,  by  the  flask.  »  lb,  40@41c. 


Signal  Service  Meteorological  Report. 

San  Francisco.— Week  ending  February  11, 1879. 


HIGHEST   AND  LOWEBT   BAROHBTBR. 

Feb  5  Feb  6  Feb  7  I  Feb  8   Feb  0   Feb  10  Feb  II 


30.179 
30.089 


30.156  30.145  30.196  30.077  30.067  30.243 
30.099  30.055  30.070|  29.C69  29.911  30.148 

MAXIMUM  AND  MINIMUM  rHGRMOMRTRR. 

50.5  1      65.5  1      56      I      59       I      59 
43.5  |      43.5  |      46.6  |      50.7  I      52 

MEAN    DAILY    HUMIDITY. 

77.7|      72,7  f      71.6 1      72      |      93.3  |      78.6  |      87 

PREVAILING   WIND. 

N      |    SW     |     SW     |      SE     |      SE      I 

WIND — MILES  TRAVELED. 

129     |    134     I    220      |     237     |     358     I 
BTATB  OP  WEATHER. 
Clear.    |  Clear.  1    Fair.    |  Cloudy  |   Rainy  ]  Cloudy  |  Raioy 

RAINFALL  IN  TWENTV-FOUR   HOORB. 

■  I  |.  |      .10    |     1.66    |      .11 

Total  rain  during  the  season,  from  July  1,  1878, 


50.5 


SE      | 


\<y. 


.78 
t.15  in. 


Cheerfully  Recommended. 

Cherokee,  Sept.  8th,  1878. 
Dewey  &  Co. — Oentletiten:  —Having  received  my  Let- 
ters Patent  for  improvement  in  vehicle  wheels,  I  consider 
it  a  duty  I  owe  your  firm  to  tender  my  sincere  thanks  for 
the  interest  and  pains  you  have  taken  in  the  prosecution 
of  the  case.  I  shall  cheerfully  recommend  your  firm  to 
aych  as  may  need  your  services.     I  remain  yours, 

Very  Respectfully,  Wm.  Thusen. 


Cherokee  Flat  Blue  Gravel  Company.— 

Location  of  principal  pi  ice  of  business,  San  Ftwdsoo 

Location  nf  works,  Churokec    Flat,  lititic  Cnuntv ,  «'..!- 

ifornia. 

Notice.— There  is  delinquent  upon  the  foUowing  do- 
scribed  atotk,  on  account  of  aasessmeut  (No.  40),  levied  on 
the  20lh  day  of  December,  l&7i»,  the  several  amounts  set 
opposite  the  names  of  tin-  respective  shareholders,  as 
follows: 

No.  Certificate.     No.  Shares.      Amt. 

A.  Casselli 17  4608        $230  40 

L    Nu.sbaum 105  50  2  60 

E.I.  Pfeiffer 106  430  2150 

And  in  accordance  with  law,  and  an  order  of  the  Board 
of  Directors,  made  on  the  20th  day  of  December,  1878,  so 
many  shares  of  each  parcel  of  such  stock  as  may  be  neces- 
sary, will  bo  sold  at  public  auction,  at  the  office  of  the 
company,  on  Tuesday,  the  18th  day  of  February,  1879,  at 
the  hour  of  two  o'clock,  r.  m  ,  of  said  day,  to  pav  said 
delinquent  assessment  thereon,  together  with  costs  of 
advertising  and  expenses  of  the  sale. 

R.  N.  VAN  BRUNT,  Secretary. 

Office,  No.  318  Pino  Street,  Room  6. 


Griffith  Consolidated  Mill  and  Mining  Com- 

pany.  —  Locallon  of  principal  place  of  business,  .San  Fran- 
cisco, California.     Location  of  works,   Diamond  Springs 
Mining  District,  El  Dorado  County,  California. 
Noti<*  is  hereby  given,    that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees,  held  on  the  21nt  day  of  January,  1879  an  assessment 
(No.  1)  of  twenty  cents  (20c)  per  share   was  levied  upon  the 
Capital  titock  of  the  Corporation,  payable  immediately  to  the 
Secretary,  at  the  Office   of  the  Company,  Room   48,  330  Tine 
Street,  San  Francisco.  California. 

Any  Stock  upon  which  this  Assessment  shall  remain  un- 
paid on  the  26th  day  of  February,  187y.  will  be  delinquent, 
and  advertised  for  sale  at  public  auction;  and  unless  pay- 
ment is  made  before,  will  be  sold  on  Wednesday,  Slurch  2>ith. 
1879.  to  pay  the  delinquent  assessment,  together  with  costs 
of  advertising  and  expenses  of  sale.  By  order  of  thj  Board 
of  Trustees.  CEO.  M.  CONDEE.  Sec'y. 

<»mee,  Room  13.  3.'MJ  Tine  Street,  Sun  Francisco.  California. 


Office  Wide  Awake  Prospecting  and  Min- 
ing Company.— No.  232  Sutter  Street.  San  Francisco,  Cal.. 
February^lst,  1879.  Location  of  works,  Picket-Post,  Pinal 
County,  Arizona. 

Notice  is  hereby  given  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Directors,  held  on  the  first  day  of  February,  (1879,  an  assess- 
ment (No.  6)  of  four  cents  per  share  was  levied  upon  the  capi- 
tal stock  of  the  corporation,  payable  immediately  in  United 
States  gold  coin  to  the  Secretary,  at  the  office  of  the  Com- 
pany, Room  2,  No.  232  Sutter  Street,  San  Francisco.  Cal. 

Any  stock  upon  which  this  assessment  shall  remain  unpaid 
on  the  first  day  of  March,  1879.  will  be  delinquent,  and  adver- 
tised for  sale  at  public  auction,  and  unless  payment  is  made 
before,  will  be  sold  on  Saturday,  the  fifth  day  of  April,  1879, 
to  pay  the  delinquent  assessment,  together  with  the  cost  of 
advertising  and  the  expenses  of  sale.  By  order  of  the  Board 
of  Directors.  C.  HILDEBRANDT,  Secretary. 


Summit    Mining  Company.— Location   of 

principal  place  of  business.  San    Francisco.    California. 

Location  of  works.  Mineral  Point  Mining  District.  Plumas 

County,  California. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Directors,  held  on  the  fourth  day  of  February,  A.  D., 
1879,  an  "assessment  (No.  7)  of  rive  cents  per  share  was 
levied  upon  the  capital  stock  of  the  corporation,  payable 
immediately  in  United  States  gold  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at 
the  office  of  the  Company.  318  Pine  street,  San  Francisco. 

Any  stock  upon  which  this  assessment  shall  remain  unpaid 
on  the  eleventh  (11th)  day  of  March,  A.  D.,  1879,  will  be 
delinquent,  and  advertised  for  sale  at  public  auction,  and  un- 
less payment  is  made  before,  will  be  sold  on  the  Tuesday,  the 
eishth  day  of  April,  A.  D.,  1879,  to  pay  the  delinquent  assess- 
ment, together  with  costs  of  advertising  and  expenses  of 
sale.     By  order  of  the  Board  of  Directors. 

R.  N.  VAN  BRLNT,  Secretary. 

Office.   Room   6.  No.  318  Pine  Street   San  Francisco,  Cal. 


/Ipilijefneiit?- 


BALDWIN'S   THEATER. 

THOMAS  MAGUIRE Manager. 

F.  Lystkr Acting:  Manager. 

Chas.  H.  Goodwin Treasurer. 

J.  P.  Chapman Assistant  Treasurer. 

Primrose.   West,    Barlow    and    Wilson's 
MINSTRELS ! 

Corner  Market  and  Powell  Streets.  Open  every 
evening  and  Saturday  matinee.     Box  office  open  daily. 

BUSH    STREET   THEATER. 

CriAS.  E.  Locke Lessee  and  Manager 

ELIZA  WEATHERSBY  &  N.  O.  GOODWIN 

Open  every  evening  and  Saturday  Matinee. 

CALIFORNIA  THEATER. 

Barton  &  Lawlor Manager. 

Barton  HiLir Acting  Manager. 

ROSE    EYTINGE. 

Bush  Street,  above  Kearny.  Open  every  evening.  Box 
office  open  from  9  A.  M.  to  10  p.  m.  Seats  may  be  secured 
six  days  in  advance. 

STANDARD    THEATER. 

M.  A.  Kennedy Sole  Lessee  and  Manager. 

MAD.  RENTZ'S  FEMALE  MINSTRELS. 

Bush  Street,  above  Montgomery.  Open  every  evening. 
Seats  may  be  secured  six  days  in  advance. 

GRAND    OPERA    HOUSE. 

THOMAS  MAGUIRE Manager. 

Fred  Lybter Acting  Manager. 

WITHIN   AN    INCH   OF   HIS    LIFE. 

Mjfiaion  Street,  near  Third.     Box  office  opan  daily. 


totepti 


OBTAINED  IN  U.  S.  AND  FOREIGN 
COUNTRIES;  trademarks,  labels  and  copy- 
rights registered  through  DEWEY  &  CO.'S 
Mining  and  Scientific  Press  Patent 
Aiteucy.  San  Francisco.  Send  for  free  circular 


Prompt  Attention  to  Business. 

Aurora,  Nev.,  Dec.  7th,  1878. 
Messrs.  Dewey  &  Co.,  S.  F.—  Dear  Sirs:— I  acknowl- 
edge the  receipt  of  my  patent  per  express  this  morning, 
and  am  obliged  for  same.  I  do  not  know  what  to  say  to 
you  regarding  your  prompt  attention  to  business,  but  will 
say  to  my  friends  what  I  cannot  say  to  you.  Many  thanks 
is  what  you  will  get  from   Yours  truly,        C.  W.  Lane. 


Fine  Engraving. 


The  Engravlntr  Bureau  belonging  to  the  office 
of  this  Journal  is  prepared  to  design  and  engrave 
all  kinds  uf  Wool)  Ci'th  for  illustrating  newspapers, 
books,  catalogues,  cards,  circulars,  ad  rettlse- 
mentM,  labels,  badges,  seals,  etc..  in  the  best  stylo 
of  the  art.  Our  l-ortraita  and  illustrations  of  ma- 
i 'him tv,  buildings  and  landscapes,  arc  superior. 
Good  engravings  can  be  made  from  paintings, 
lithographs,  sU'el  and  copper  pinto  prints,  photo* 
graphs,  models,  patent  Offloe  Or  other  drawings. 
We  have  a  photographic  department  and  the  best 
vf  in  uliincn  for  producing  accurate  and  perfect 
work  at  the  lowest  prieea  I  irigina]  sups,  chute, 
and  diagrams  are  made  by  our  Nct  Photo-Relikk 
Process  at  greatly  reduced  rates.  By  the  same 
process  copies  can  be  cheaply  and  quickly  pro- 
duced of  printed  cuts,  in /ac  simile,  or  they  can 
be  enlarged  or  reduced  with  equal  facility. 

Any  bend  writing  in  perfectly  black  ink  on 
clear  white  paper  for  manuscript  letters  oi  circu- 
lars, will  be  accurately  reproduced  in  metal  plates 
suitable  for  common  printing.  Also,  fa c  aimtle 
signatures,  monograms,  sheet  music,  etc.  We 
excel  in  trade  cuts  and  matched  plates  for  combi- 
nation color  printing.  With  a  large  business,  long 
established,  and  every  facility  for  improvement, 
we  can  guarantee  more  than  ordinary  satisfaction 
to  alt  of  our  patrons.  All  interested  are  invited 
to  Bend  for  or  call  and  see  specimens  and  obtain 
prices. 

Orders  for  electrotypes,  stereotypes,  steel  and 
copper  plates,  lithographing,  stamps  and  seal 
presses  executed  at  low  rates. 


ARITHMETIC   MADE   EASY 

BY   ROPP'S 

Easy    Calculator. 

This  valuable  work  is  used  by  thousands  of  farmers, 
mechanics  and  business  men,  and  is  highly  recommended 
for  its  practical  utility  and  convenience. 

It  embodies  an  entirely  new  system  of  calculation,  by 
which  a  vast  amount  of  figures  and  mental  labor— required 
by  the  ordinary  methods— and  fractions  with  their  com- 
plexities, are  absolutely  avoided. 

It  is  so  simple  and  easily  comprehended  that  even  the 
most  illiterate  is  enabled,  in  a  few  minutes,  to  reckon 
with  absolute  accuracy  and  speed;  while  its  original  and 
rapid  methods,  bene5t  and  delight  the  most  scholarly. 

It  shows  at  a  glance  the  accurate  value  of  wheat,  corn, 
rye,  oats,  barley,  cattle,  hogs,  hay,  coal,  lumber  and  mer- 
chandise, from  one  pound  to  a  car  load,  and  for  any  price 
the  market  is  likely  to  reach. 

It  gives  the  interest,  simple  and  compound,  on  any  sum, 
or  any  time,  at  six,  seven,  eight,  and  ten  per  cent.;  the 
exact  measurement  of  boards,  scantlings,  timbers,  saw 
logs,  cisterns,  tanks,  wells,  granaries,  bins,  wagon  beds, 
corn  cribs,  etc.,  the  wages  at  various  rates,  for  hours, 
days,  weeks  and  months;  besides  numerous  other  impor- 
tant methods,  rules  and  tables. 

It  is  printed  on  fine  tinted  paper,  is  well  and  elegantly 
found  in  pocket-book  shape,  and  accompanied  by  a  sili- 
cate slate,  pocket  for  papers,  and  memorandum,  which 
can  be  replenished  in  the  two  latter  styles. 

It  answers  the  purpose  of  a  pocket  book  and  diary,  and 
costs  no  more,  although  it  was  gotten  up  at  great  expense 
and  labor,  and  is  unquestionatjiy  one  of  the  most  useful 
publications  ever  issued  from  the  press. 
Price,  bound  in  Ffcie   English   Cloth,   $1.00. 

Sent  direct  from  the  Eastern  publisher,  postpaid,  on 
receipt  of  price,  by  P.  O.  order,  registered  letter  or 
receipted  by  express.     Address 

DEWEY  &  CO.,  San  Francisco. 


W.   T.   GARRATT'S 

BRASS  and  BELL  FOUNDRY 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 
MANUFACTURER  AXD  IMPORTER  OF 

Church  and  Steamboat  BELLS  and  GONGS 
BRASS  CASTINGS  of  all  kinds, 
WATER  GATES.   GAS  GATES. 
FIRE  HYDRANTS, 

DOCK  HYDRANTS. 

GARDEN  HYDRANTS 

General   Assortment    of    Engineers'   Findings. 

Hooker's    Patent 
Celebrated 

STEAM  PUMP 

.*?JThe  Best  ind  Most 
Durable  In  nee.  Also, 
a  variety  of  other 

PUMPS 

E  Fur  Mining   and    F:irni- 
I  ing  Purposes. 

ROOT'S  BLAST  BLOWERS, 

For  Ventilating  Mines  and  for  Smelting  Works. 

HYDRAULIC    PIPES    AND     NOZZLES, 

For  Mining  Purposes. 

Garratt's    Improved     Journal    Metal. 

IMPORTER   OF 

IRON  PIPE  AND  MALLEABLE    IRON    FITTINGS. 

ALL    tUX  OS   OF 

WORK  AND  COMPOSITION  NAILS, 

AT  LOWEST  RATES. 


W.T . C ARRATT 

.„■'.  MANiiraCTUMiF. ' 

_  .  :     .-'n-i-  it  ■    i.i.i.1  t.Lr-.  i.    -       -•   ■ 


JFiV.i 


vsasF 


Single  samples  will  be  mailed  from  office  for  50 
cents,  (and  upward,  according  to  size),  postpaid.  Whole- 
sale and  retail  agents  wanted. 


-For  Sale  m^ 


jFORSALEi- 

r^BERRYirLACE 

At  the  Old  Stand,  Market,  head  of  Front  Street,  S.  F. 


MANUFACTURERS     OF 

THE  PATENT  CHANNEL  IRON  WHEELBARROWS, 


u 
o. 


H 

LU 
HI 

I 

CO 


o 


The  Strongest  Barrow  Made.  These  Barrows  are  made  by  Superior  Workmen,  and  of  the  best  material. 
All  Bizes  kept  constantly  on  hand. 

Lap-Welded  Pipe,  all  Sizes,  from  Three  to  Six  Inches.  Artesian  Well  Pipe.  Also,  Gal- 
vanized Iron  Boilers,  from  Twenty  five  to  One  Hundred  Gallons. 

Iron  Cut,  Punched,  and  Formed  for  makinc:  pipe  on  ground,  where  required.  All  kinds  of  tools  supplied  for 
making  pipe.  Estimates  given  when  required.  Are  prepared  for  coating  all  size  of  pipes  with  a  composition  of 
Coal  Tar  and  Asphaltum. 

Office  and  Manufactory,  130  BBALE  STREET,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


t.  b 


DAVIS" 


VERTICAL    FEED. 

BEST    SEWING    MACHINE    IN    THE    WORLD. 

IS  constructed  on  an  entirely  different  principle   from  all  others   and  is  not  controlled  by  any 

combination. 
IT  contains  but  one-third  the  machinery  required   in   the   manufacture   of   any  other  shuttle 

machine. 
IT  "will  do  a  greater  variety  of  practical  work  than  all  others  combined. 
IS  the  only  machine  using  a  practical 

EMBROIDERER, 
Which  is  so  simple  that  a  child  may  readily  learn  to  operate  it  with   facility.     Buy  no   sewin 

machine  till  you  see  the  only  perfect  one  under  the  sun. 

Price-list,  circulars,  samples  and  terms,  sent  to  any  address  on  application  to 

MARK  SHELDON,  Pacific  Coast  Agent, 

130  POST  STREET,  San  Francisco.  518  FOURTEENTH  STREET,  Oakland 


110 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[February  15,  1879. 


iroji  apd  (machine  torte. 


THOS.  PENDEKGAST.  HENRY  S.  SMITH. 

iETNA   IRON    WORKS, 

MANUFACTURERS  OF 

IRON  CASTINGS 

and      MACHINERY 

OF  ALL  KINDS. 

Fremont  Street,  Bet.  Howard  and  Folsom, 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 

SACRAMENTO  BOILER   WORKS, 

214  &  216  BEALE  St.,  (rear  of  ^Etna  Foundry) 

J.  V.  HALL, 

PRAGTICAL    BOILER    MAKER, 

Marine,  Stationary  and  Portable  Boilers,  Smoke  Stacks, 

Hydraulic  Pipe,   Oil  or  Water  Tanks,    Ore  and 

Water  Buckets,  Gasometers,  Girders,  Bridges 

and   Iron   Ship    Building. 

ALL    KINDS   OF   SHEET    IRON    WORK. 

Repairing   promptly   attended   to    at   the 
lowest    possible   terms. 

UNION  IRON  WORKS, 

SACRAMENTO,    CAL. 
ROOT,    NBILSON    &    CO., 

MANUFACTURERS  OF 

STEAM  ENGINES,  BOILERS  AND  ALL 

Kinds  of  Machinery  for  Mining  Purposes. 

Flouring  Mills',  Saw  Mills'  and  Quartz  Mills'  Machinery 
constructed,   fitted1  up  and  repaired. 

Front  Street,  Between  N  and  O  Streets, 

SACRAMENTO,     OAI». 


PHELPS 
MANUFACTURING    COMPANY, 

Manufacturers  of  all  kinds  of 

Wharf  and  Bridge  Bolts,    Railroad  Trestle 

Work,   Car  Frames  and  Bolts,  Machine 

Bolts,   Set  Screws    and   Tap  Bolts, 

Lag    or    Coach    Screws. 

ALL  STYLES   OF  FANCY  HEAD  BOLTS. 

HOT  AND  COLD  PRESSED  HEXAGONAL  AND 

SQUARE  NUTS,  WASHERS,  BOLT  ENDS, 

TURNBUCKLES,  ETC.,  ETC. 

13, 15  and  17  Drumm  St.,  near  California, 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 


Golden  State  &  Miners  Iron  Works, 

Manufacture  Iron  Castings  and  Machinery 
of  all  Kinds  at  Greatly  Reduced  Rates. 

STEVENSON'S  PATENT 

Mold-Board  AMALGAMATORS, 
Golden  State  Pressure  Blowers. 

First  St..  between  Howard  &  Folsom,  S.  F. 


Wm.  H.  Birch.  John  Arqall. 

California    Machine   Works, 
BIRCH,    ARGALL    &    CO., 

119  Beale  Street,  San  Francisco. 

£3TGeneral  Mechanical  Engineers  and  Machinists. 
Steam  Engines,  Flour,  Quartz  and  Mining  Machinery. 
Sole  manufacturers  of  Brodie's  Patent  Rock  Crushers  and 
Steel-Faced  Tappits.  Steam,  Hydraulic  and  Sidewalk 
Elevators.     Repairing  promptly  attended  to. 


California    Brass    Foundry, 

No,  125  First  Street,  Opposite  Minna. 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 

All  kinds  of  Brass,  Composition,  Zinc,  and  Babhitt 
Metal  Castings,  Brass  Ship  Work  of  all  kinds,  Spikes, 
sheathing  Nails,  Rudder  Braces,  Hinges,  Ship  and  Steam- 
boat Bells  and  Gongs  of  superior  tone.  All  kinds  of  Cocks 
and  Valves,  Hydraulic  Pipes  and  Nozzles,  and  Hose  Coup- 
lings and  Connections  of  all  sizes  and  patterns,  furnished 
with  dispatch.  ^PRICES  MODERATE  T£S 

J.  H.  WEED.  V.  KINGWELL. 


STEAM  ENGINES  AND  BOILERS 

Of  all  sizes— from  2  to  60-Horse  power.  Also,  Quartz 
Mills,  Mining  Pumps,  Hoisting  Machinery,  Shafting,  Iron 
Tanks,  etc.     For  sale  at  the  lowest  prices  by 

J.    HENDY,  49  and  51  Fremont  Street,  S.  F. 


THOMAS  THOMPSON. 


THORNTON   THOMPSON. 


THOMPSON    BROTHERS, 

EUREKA    FOUNDRY, 

129  and  131  Beale  St. ,  between  Mission  and  Howard,  S.  F 

MANUFACTURKES  OF  CASTINGS  OF  EVERY  DESCRIPTION. 


WIND  Mill  °ne  of  the  best  made  iu  this  State 
■■nil/  mit-Ut  for  sale  cheap  on  easy  terms.  Ad- 
dress, W.  T.  care  of  Dewey  &  Co. ,  S.  F. 


GEORGE  W.  PRESCOTT. 


IRVING  M.  SCOTT. 


H.  T.  SCOTT. 


Union    Iron   ff'ORKS. 

Office,  61  First  St.  |  Cor.  First  &  Mission  Sts.,  S.  F.  |  p.   0.   Box,   2128. 


BUILDERS    OP 


Steam,    Air   and    Hydraulic    Machinery. 

Home  Industry.— All  "Work  Tested,  and.  Guaranteed. 


Vertical  Engines, 

Baby  Hoists, 

Stamps, 

Horizontal  Engines, 

Ventilating  Fans, 

Pans, 

Automatic  Cut-off  Engines, 

Rook  Breakers, 

Settlers, 

Compound  Condensing  Engines, 

Self-Feeders, 

Retorts, 

Shafting, 

Pullets, 

Etc.,  Etc 

-  TRY    OUR    MAKE,  CHEAPEST    AND    BEST    IN    USE. 
Send  for  Late  Circulars.  PRESCOTT,  SCOTT  &  CO. 


"W^illiam      Hawkins,' 

Successor  to 

MACHINE      WORKS, 

210  and  212  Beale  Street,  bet.  Howard  and  Folsom  Sts.,    -    -    San  Francisco. 

Manufacturers   of 

IMPROVED    PORTABLE    HOISTING    ENGINES, 

For  Mining  and   Other   Purposes. 

Steam  Engines  and  all  Kinds  of  Mill  and  Mining  Machinery. 


Pacific  Rolling  Mill  Co., 

SAN    FRANCISCO,    CAL. 

MANUFACTURERS    OP 

RAILROAD  AND    MERCHANT  IRON, 

rolled  reams,  angle,  channel  and  t  iron,  bridge  and  machine  bolts,  lag  screws,  nuts 
washers,  etc.,  steamboat  shafts,  cranks,  pistons,  connecting  rods,  etc.,  etc. 

Car  and  Locomotive  Axles  and  Frames,  and  Hammered  Iron  of  Every  Description. 

HIGHEST    PRICE    PAID    FOR    SCRAP    IRON. 

t&  Orders  Solicited  and  Promptly  Executed.  Office,  No.  16  FIRST  STREET. 


Fulton    Iron    TV^orks. 

Hinckley,  Spiers  &  Hayes. 

(ESTABLISHED    IN    1855.) 

Works,  Fremont  and  Howard  Sts.  |  San  Francisco,  Cal.  |  Office,  No.  213  Fremont  St. 


MANUFACTURERS    OF 


Marine  Engines  and   Boilers, 

Propeller  Engines  either  High  Pressure  or  Com- 
pound Stern  or  Side  Wheel  Engines. 

Mining   Machinery. 

Hoisting  Engines  and  Works,  Cages,  Ore  Buckets,  Ore 
Cars,  Pumping  Engines  and  Pumps,  Water  Buckets, 
Pump  Columns,  Air  Compressors,  Air  Receivers, 
Air    Pipes. 

Mill  Machinery. 

Batteries  for  Dry  or    Wet  Crushing,    Amalgamating 


Pans,  Settlers,  Furnaces,  Retorts,  Concentrators,  Ore 
Feeders,  Rock  Breakers,  Furnaces  for  Reducing  Ores 
Water  Jackets,  Etc. 


Sugar  Machinery. 


Crushing  Rolls,  Clarifiers,  Vacuum  Pans,  Air  Pumps, 
Concentrators,  Bag  Filters,  Charcoal  Filters,  Blow-up 
Tanks,  Coolers  and  Receiving  Tanks. 


Miscellaneous   Machinery. 


Flour  Mill  Machinery,  Saw  Mill  Engines  and  Boilers, 
Dredging  Machinery,  Oil  Well  Retorts,  Powder  Mill  Ma- 
chinery i  Water  Wheels. 


FnninPQ    and     RflilpPQ   of  all  kinds,  either  for  use  on  Steamhoats  and  made  in  accordance  with  the 
l-liyiiluo    dllU     DUHclo  Act  of  Congress  regulating  the  same,  or  for  use  on  land.  Water  Pipe,  Pump 
or  Air  Column,  Fish  Tanks  for  Salmon  Canneries  of  every  description. 
Boiler  repairs  promptlv  attended  to  and  at  very  moderate  rates. 


PACIFIC    IRON    WORKS, 

First  and  Fremont  Streets,  between  Mission  and   Howard,   San   Francisco,  Cal., 
RANKIN,    BRAYTON    &    CO., 

Manufacturers    of 

ENGINES,  BOILERS,   MARINE   AND    STATIONARY.      PUMPING,   HOISTING,  AND    MINING    MACHINERY 

INCLUDING  BATTERIES,  AMALGAMATING  PANS  AND  SETTLERS,  CONCENTRATORS,  ORE  FEEDERS, 

CRUSHING  ROLLS  AND  ROCK  BREAKERS.    ALSO,  WATER  JACKET  SMELTING  FURNACES, 

FOR  REDUCING  LEAD,  SILVER   AND    COPPER   ORES,  QUICKSILVER   FURNACES, 

RETORTS  AND  CONDENSERS,  ROASTING. AND  CHLORIDIZING   FURNACES, 

SUGAR    MILL    MACHINERY,  WATER    WHEELS,  Etc.,  ALL    OF    THE 

LATEST  AND  MOST  IMPROVED  CONSTRUCTION. 

Agents  for  the  Allen  Engine  Governor,  Bailey  Air  Compressor,  Howell's 
Improved  White  Furnaces,  "Walker's  Compound  Steam  Pumps,  Etc. 


Western  Iron.  Works, 

316     and     318     Mission     Street,     San     Francisco, 
PERRY  EDWARDS,  Prop'r. 

Manufacturer  of  Wrought  Iron  Girders,  Trusses.   Prison   Cells.  Iron  Roofs,  Crest 
Railings,  Finials,  Fences,  Weathervanes,  Gratings,  Iron  Work  for  Models,  Etc. 

Nickel  Plated  Railings.        Bank  and  Store  Fittings.       Estimates  given  and  Iron  Work  furnished  for  Buildings. 


Take  the  Paper  that  stands  by  your  In- 
terests. 


Driving  Nails  Under  Water. — Stack's  illustrated  ad- 
vertisement appears  once  a  month  in  this  paper. 


gCorner  Beale  and  Howard  Sts., 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 

W.  H.  TAYLOR,  Pres't.  JOSEPH  MOORE,  Sup't. 

Builders  of  Steam  Machinery 

In  all  its  Branches, 

Steamboat,  Steamship,  Land 

Engines  and  Boilers, 

HIGH  PRESSURE  OR  COMPOUND. 


STEAM  VESSELS,  of  all  kinds,  built  complete  with 
Hulls  of  Wood,  Iron  or  Composite. 

ORDINARY  ENGINES  compounded  when  ad- 
visable. 

STEAM  LAUNCHES,  Barges  and  Steam  Tugs  con- 
structed with  reference  to  the  Trade  in  which  they  are 
to  be  employed.  Speed,  tonnage  and  draft  of  water 
guaranteed. 

STEAM  BOILERS.  Particular  attention  given  to 
the  quality  of  the  material  and  workmanship,  and  none 
but  flrst-class  work  produced. 

SUGAR  MILLS  AND  SUGAR-MAKING 
MACHINERY  made  after  the  most  approved  plans. 
Also,  all  Boiler  Iron  Work  connected  therewith. 

"WATER  PIPE,  of  Boiler  or  Sheet  Iron,  of  any  size 
mado  in  suitable  lengths  for  connecting  together,*: 
sheets  rolled,  punched,  and  packed  for  Bhipment  ready 
to  be  riveted  on  the  ground. 

HYDRAULIC  RIVETING.  Boiler  Work  and 
Water  Pipe  made  by  this  establishment,  riveted  by 
Hydraulic  Riveting  Machinery,  that  quality  of  work 
being  far  superior  to  hand  work. 

SHIP  "WORK.  Ship  and  Steam  Capstains,  Steam 
Winches,  Air  and  Circulating  Pumps,  made  after  the- 
most  approved  plans. 

PUMPS.  Direct  Acting  Pumps,  for  Irrigation  or  City 
Water  Works  purposes,  built  with  the  celebrated  Davy 
Valve  Motion,  superior  to  any  other  Pump. 


Electric  Model  &  Machine  Works 

Inventors  and    others  can  ffet  First-Class 
Work  at  Moderate  Prices. 

After  10  years  experience  with  inventions  and  other 
mechanical  work,  lam  fully  prepared  to  execute  draw- 
ings, working -models  and  fine  machinery  of  any  descrip- 
tion to  entire  satisfaction. 

Brass  Finishing,  Pattern  Making,  Gear  Cutting,  Tele- 
graphic and  other  Electrical  Apparatus  by  competent 
workmen. 

TELEPHONES    TO    ORDER- 

F.  W.  FULLER,  415  Market  Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


Main    Street    Iron    Works, 

WM.    DEACON,    PROPRIETOR. 

Nos.  131, 133  &  135  Main  St.,  San  Francisco. 

Stationary  and  Marine  Engines, 

Shafting,  Pulleys,  and  General  Machine  Work.  Jobbing 
and  repairing  done  Promptly  and  at  Lowest  Rates. 
Screw  Propellors,  Propcllor  and  Steamboat  Engines. 

SAW  MILLS  and  SAW  MILL  MACHINERY. 


SSI 

BERRY&PMCE 


Market,  head  of  Front  Street,  San  Francisco. 


Steel  Castings. 

From  J  to  10,000  lbs.  weight,  true  to  pattern,  sound  and 
solid,  of  unequaled  strength,  toughness  and  durability 
An  invaluable  substitute  for  forgings  or  cast-iron  requir- 
ing three-fold  strength.     Send  for  circular  and  price  list  to 

CHESTER    STEEL     CASTINGS    CO., 

EVELINA    STREET,        -       -       PHILADELPHIA,    PA. 


Diamond    Drill    Co. 

The  undersigned,  owners  of  LESCHOT'S  PATENT 
for  DIAMOND  POINTED  DRILLS,  now  brought  to  the 
highest  state  of  perfection,  are  prepared  to  fill  orders 
for  the  IMPROVED  PROSPECTING  AND  TUNNELING 
DRILLS,  with  or  without  power,  at  short  notice,  and 
at  reduced  prices.  Abundant  testimony  furnished  of 
the  great  economy  and  successful  working  of  "  numerous 
machines  in  operation  in  the  quartz  and  gravel  mines 
on  this  coast.  Circulars  forwarded,  and  full  infor- 
mation given  upon  application. 

A.  J.  SEVERANCE  &  CO. 
Office,  No.  320  Sansome  street,  Room  10. 


GOLD    MINE    WANTED. 

One  now  paying  more  than  expenses.    Addres 

W.    S.    KBYBS,    M.    E., 
No.  310  Pine  St.,  Eoom  42,  San  Francisco 


February  15,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


Ill 


BURLEIGH   ROCK   DRILL,       HOOK 
Does  more  work  at  Leas  Cost  And 

THAN  ANY  OTHER  ROCK  DRILL.   LADDER 
FIRE  ENGINES,        Trucks' 
Babcock  Chemical  Engines, 

Hose  Carts  and  Fire  Extinguishers. 


Mining    Machinery    Depot, 

PARKE   &   LACY,   417   Market  St. 

AIR  COMPRESSORS  and  ROCK  DRILLS. 

HOISTING    IE  HSTG- 1 2SJ"  IBS, 

ALL  SIZES,  DOUBLE  AND  SINGLE,  WITH  B1HQLE  nod  1  nfULE  HEELS 

-.    .'. 

Pressure  Blowers.     Diamond  Anti-Friction  Metal.     Flexible   Shafts.  ' 
PUMP 

ft   i)  Centrifugal  Pumps  for  Irrigating.        ~LHe||  A|R   C0M7R7SS0R 

AIR 
COLUMN. 

aSsT^     Putnam's    Wood-Working    Machinery. 


Gives  Better  Results  than  any 
Compressor  Known. 


DEANE'S     STEAM      PUMPS, 

VERTICAL     AND     HORIZONTAL. 


MACHINISTS'   TOOLS. 

Lathe  Chucks.     Farmers'  Battery. 

HILL'S    EXPLODERS. 

SEND    FOR  CIRCULARS. 


RUSSELL'S  AMALGAMATOR. 


Ingersoil  Rock  Drills. 


Patented  June  25lb,    1878. 


S^^TIE    TOUE;    GOL2D 
And    Also    SAVE    YOUR    QUICKSILVER. 

The  above  Washer  and  Amalgamator  with  new  patent  Wire  Bridge  Quicksilver  Boxes  attached,  can  be  worked 
wet  or  dry,  either  by  hand,  steam,  horse  or  water  power,  and  is  easily  taken  apart  and  packed.  For  washing  Pulp, 
Earth,  Gravel,  Mill  Tailings  or  Black  Sand,  it  is  without  a  rival. 

Has  been  Thoroughly  Tested  and  given  Complete  Satisfaction. 


The  entire  Lining,  Hanging  Plates,  Riffles  and  Boxes  Amalgamated 

IS    GUARANTEED    TO   SAVE    THE    FINEST    OR     FLOAT    GOLD. 

Capacity,  30  to  60  tons  per  day,  according  to  size.     For  further  particulars  apply  to 

J.  MORIZIO,  Gen'l  Agt., 

Room  24,  Safe  Deposit  Building,  Corner  Montgomery  and  California  Streets,  SAN  FRANCISCO. 


SANDERSON  BROS.  &  CO.'S 

Best  Refined.  Cast-Steel. 

Warranted  Most  Superior  for  Drills,  Ilammers,  Etc. 

A  full  and    complete  stock   of  this   reliable  and  well-known 
brand  of  Steel,  for  mining  and  other  uses,  now  in  stock  and  for  sale 

At  No-  417  Market  St,  S.  F.,   ■    H.  D.  Morris,  Agent. 


San   Francisco   Pioneer  Screen  Works, 

J.  W.  QUICK,  Manufacturer, 


W&m 


Several  first  premiums  received 
for  Quartz  Mill  Screens,  and  Per- 
forated '  Sheet  Metals  of  every 
description.  I  would  call  spt- cial 
attention  to  my  SLOT  CUT  and 
SLOT  PUNCHED  SCREENS, 
I  which  are  attracting  much  at- 
I  tention  and  giving  universal 
I  satisfaction.  This  is  the  only 
I  establishment  on  the  coast  de- 
voted exclusively  to  the  manufac- 
ture of  Screens.  Mill  owners  using  Battery  ScreenB  exten- 
sively can  contract  for  large  supplies  at  favorable  rates. 
Orders  solicitedand  promptly  attended  to. 

32  Fremont  Street.  San  Francisco. 


i 


Prompt  asd  Successful.—  Messrs.  Dewey  <fc  Co:— Gci 
tlemen:  Your  Circular  letter,  12th  inst.,  informing  me  of 
successful  termination  of  my  application  for  patent  re- 
ceived. Please  accept  thanks  for  the  prompt  and  suc- 
cessful manner  in  which  you  have  managed  this  business 
Yours  respectfully,  J.  H.  Cavanaugh. 

Walla  Walla,  Dee.  24th. 


THE     AMERICAN 


■TURBINE 


AH  sizes, 

and  adapted  to " 

from 

3to50°      Water  Wheels 


feet  bead 


THE  BEST  IN  THE 
WORLD  ! 

Send  for  our  Circular 
and  Prices. 

BERRY  &  PLACE. 

^Market  St.,  Head  of  Front, 

San  Francisco. 


In  use  in    the    largest    and  best 
Mines  of  the  Coast. 

HAS    AUTOMATIC  FEED. 

Has  less  Repairs. 

Is  Lighter  and  more  Easily  Ad- 
justed than  any  other  Drill. 
Our  DRY  AIR  COMPRESSORS  are  the  most  Economical  Compressors  in  the  Market. 

MINERS'  HORSE-POWER. 

This  Power  is  especially  adapted  to  working  mines,  hoist 
ing  coal  or  building  material,  etc.  It  will  do  the  work  of  a 
Steam  Engine  with  one-tenth  the  expense.  One  Horse  cau 
easily  hoist  over  1,000  pounds  at  a  depth  of  500  feet. 

The  Power  is  mainly  built  of  wrought  iron,  and  cannot  be 
affected  by  .exposure.  The  hoisting-drum  is  thrown  out  of 
gear  by  the  lever,  while  the  load  is  held  in  place  witb  a  brake 
by  the  man  tending  bucket.  The  frame  of  the  Power  is 
bolted  to  bed-timborB,  thus  avoiding  all  frame  work.  When 
required  these  Powers  are  made  in  sections  for  packing. 

REYNOLDS,   RIX   &  CO.,  18  &  20   Fremont  St.,  San  Francisco. 


to 


SI 

<=>   1 
o     1 

U  3 

—1  S 
=5  I 


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« 


__    SUCCESSORS  :'T.O     EAGLE    WORKS     M.F.G.     CO.  ^«  ,f>^A?J 

M |ffi> 6 1 M^f rwl[\/l p   Mi L LS 


o 

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S   3 


£  o 


>— -1     FO  R     t*r^ 

SYSTEMATIC 


..  AG£NT§,  ;;F:° 


v     :  ^-^^BOftSTINQ  CYLINDERS 


o  2 


bp£ 


=  E 


Address,  FKA-SEK.  CHAT.MEB8  &.  CO..  CJucua-o,  111. 


D.  F.  HUTCHINGS. 


D.  M.  DUNNE. 


J.  SANDEHSON 


PHCEITIX    OIL    "WOIRIKIS, 

HUTCHINGS     &    CO., 

OIL    and    COMMISSION    MERCHANTS, 

Manufacturers  and  Dealers  in  Sperm,  Whale,  Lard,  Machinery  and  Illuminating  Oils. 
•517    FRONT    STREET     SAN    FRANCISCO. 


C.    L.    GILLER, 
SEAL    ENGRAVER    AND    DIE    SINKER, 

No.  430  MONTGOMERY  STREET,  S.  F. 

The*best  Work  done'on  the  most  reasonable  terms  on 
the  Coast. 


Mining     Books. 

Orders  for  agricultural  and  scientific  books  in  general 
will  be  supplied  through  this  office  at  published  rates. 

Engraving  done  at  this  office, 


112 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[February  15,   1879. 


A.  L.  FISH  &  CO.,  9  and  1 1  First  St.,  S.  F.,Cal. 

ROCK  DRILLS,  IflBr 

Steam  Hammers, 


Air  Compressors 


AIR  COLUMN, 

Hoisting  Eigiioi, 

STEAM 
THORNE  &  DeHAVEN 

PORTABLE    DRILL.     Fire     Engines, 


Ferris  &  Miles'  Lathe. 


I    "11  Hose  Carts. 


FdrtaUa  Engiiss, 


Waters'  Perfect 

Wine,  Cider,     ENG,NE  governor. 


For  all  Purposes  where  Pumping  is  Required. 


FERRIS   &   MILES'   PLANER. 

ENGINES,    BOILERS,    QUARTZ    MILLS,    SAW    MILLS,    &c. ,    Ac. 


MANUFACTURED  UNDER  A.   NOBEL'S  ORIGINAL  AND  ONLY  VALID  NITROGLYCERINE  PATENTS 

Nos.  ONE,    TWO    and    THREE. 
Stronger.    Better  and  Safer  than  any  other  High  Explosive. 

Judson    Powder 

IS  NOW  USED  IN  ALL  LARGE  HYDRAULIC  CLAIMS. 

It  breaks  more  ground,   pulverizes  it  better,   savea  time  and    money,   and  is    superseding     the    ordinary 
powder  wherever  it  is  tried.    itSTTriple  Force  Caps  and  all  Grades  of  Fuse. 

BANDMANN,    NIELSEN    &.    CO..  San  Francisco. 


VULGAN  BLASTING  POWDER. 


The  strongest  and 
most  economical  ex- 
plosive in  use. 


Wherever  it  has  been  given  a  test,  it  has  surpassed,  all  other  high  explosives. 

>.  123  California    _ 
SAN    FRANCISCO. 


U/apI/c  at    SAN  PABLO,  California,  I  Offino      No-  123  California   Street, 

WOrKS  a\        and  RENO,  Nevada.  I  UIIIUB, 


GARDNERS' 

Celebrated 


rnor 


These  Steam  Governors  have   long 
been  known  as  THE  BEST,  and 
as  lately  Improved  and  Per- 
fected, they  have  no  Rival. 

THE    SAFETY     STOP 

On  these  Governors  is  alone  worth  double  the  price  of 
the  Governor.    We  have  sold  over  six  hundred,  and . 

Never  one  has  Failed. 

They  are  sold  at  the  same  price  (or  less)  as  ordinary 
Governors.    Send  for  Circular. 

BERRY  &   PLACE, 

Market,  head  of  Front  St,  San  Francisco 


N.    W.    SPATJLDING'S 


PATENT   DETACHABLE  TOOTH    SAWS 

Manfuactory,  17  &  10  Fremont  St.,  S.  F. 


A.  S.  HALLIDIE. 

iinia^Streetj 


Office,  No.  6  Cali 


PIPE    &    TUBES, 

Seamless    La/p-W^elcLed, 

For  Steam,  Gas,  Water  and  Oil  Wells. 

All  Sizes,  from  One-Fourth  to  15  Inches  Diameter. 

* 
— ALSO— 

Xj  AP-WBLDED 

— T) 


Iron  M  Steel  Wire  Rope, 

F M  and  Round,  for  MiningJ}  hipping, 
Hoisting  and  G^amlymposes. 

cVffplete  3«u  extensive 
the>6nited  States.  I  am 
Wire  Rope  and  Cahla 
of  on  AlengTh  or  size  at  abort  notice,  and  guar- 
antee the  quality  and  workmanship  equal  to 
my  made  at  home  or  abi 

Iron,  Steel-ajjiftG&vaflized  Wire 

Of  all  ^ee  o\  hafei\or-TuaJo  to  order. 


d?tt:vl:p  column, 


Barbie cr  Fenc 

Sole  Proprjc 

Hallidiejs  •rErfilesjf  \tt©peway, 

«erSencrw>r  svfcircnlar. 

A.  S.  HAIIIDIE, 

Offl.ee,  No.  a  California  St.,  San  Francisco 


R  PALACE  T 
ESTAURAN 1 


This  elegant  and  spa- 
cious S,  P.  Restaurant 
has  been  re-opened  with 
superior  bill  of  fare  dai- 


Good  Living  at 
Reduced  Prices 


218  Sansome  St. 


ly,  and  is  now  the  best 

audmostpopulardining 

= ™    saloon  on    tins   Coast. 

[Lunch  ready  at  10  A.  H.]  Resident  business  men  and  visi- 
tors from  abroad  will  be  wise  in  giving  this  place  an  early 
call.    Examine  bill  of  fare  and  prices. 

HERMAN  H.  HORST,  Prop'r. 


-AND- 


Air  dks  Hydraulic  I=»ip>o, 

From    Three    to    Fifteen    Inches    in    Diameter. 


FOR    SALE    BY 


DUNHAM,    CARRIGAN    &   CO., 


Nos.  107. 109  and  111  Front  Street, 


San  Francisco. 


The  Large  Circulation  of  the  Min- 
ing  and  Scientific  Peess  extends  through- 
out the  mining  districts  of  California,  Nevada, 
Utah,  Colorado,  Arizona,  Idaho,  Montana- 
British  Columbia,  and  to  other  parts  of  North 
and  South  America.  Established  in  1860,  it 
has  long  been  the  leading  Mining  Journal  of 
the  continent,  its  varied  and  reliable  contents 
giving  it  a  character  popular  with  both  its 
reading  and  advertising  patrons. 


This  paper  is  printed  with  Ink  furnished  by 
Chas.  Eneu  Johnson  &  Co.,  509  South  10th 
St.,  Philadelphia  &  59  Gold  St.,  N.  T. 


Paul's  Dry  Amalgamating 

BARREL  PROCESS. 


This  is  the  most  perfect  of  all  systems  for  amalgamating 
the  precious  metals— more  especially  gold,  for  which  it  is 
absolutely  perfect,  the  per  cent,  of  metal  obtainable  Mine 
only  governed  bv  the  fineness  of  reduction  of  ore.  It  wiU 
gather  the  flour  gold  with  the  same  readiness  as  the 
coarse.  The  machinery  and  operation  is  simple  and  prac- 
tical—not requiring  skilled  labor.  Its  efficiency  is  verified 
by  mills  in  practical  operation.  I  will  contract  for  milH 
of  10,  20,  or  50-ton  capacity  per  24  hours.  Pamphlets,  ox- 
plaining  the  process  more  fully,  forwarded  on  receipt  of 
address.     For  further  particulars  apply  to 

ALMARIN   B.    PAUL, 
Room  20,  Safe  Deposit  Building,  San  Francisco. 


An  Illustrated  Sournal  of 


BY    DEWEY    A 
PubllMherm, 


SAN  FEANCISCO,  SATURDAY,  FEBRUARY  22,  1879. 


VOLUME   xxxvm 
IVuml>€--r    8. 


A  New  Safety  Powder. 

The  Safety  Powder  Company  is  an  incorpo- 
ration recently  organized  in  this  city  for  the 
manufacture  of  new  explosives  for  mining  and 
engineering  purposes,  which  are  claimed  to 
possess  certain  characteristics,  "indicated  by  its 
name,  in  a  greater  degree  than  has  been  con- 
sidered possible  in  high  explosives.  This  re- 
sult is  reached  by  so  making  the  powder  that 
it  will  not  explode  except  under  three  condi- 
tions, which  conditions  are  those  which  ensure 
the  greatest  safety,  and  are  also  those  under 
which  powder  is  used.  For  instance,  other 
powders  are  made,  which  are  not  supposed  to 
explode,  except  under  the  conditions  of  heat 
and  percussion  both  applied  at  the  same  in- 
stant, but  will  explode  in  the  open  air  when 
these  conditions  are  fulfilled.  The  powder  in 
question  is  so  made  as  to  explode  only  by  heat, 
percussion  and  confinement,  which  three  condi- 
tions must  be  fulfilled  before  its  explosive 
qualities  will  appear.  That  is  to  say,  it  must 
be  tired  by  a  proper  fuse  and  cap  and  be  tamped 
down,  otherwise  no  explosion  will  occur.  If 
therefore  a  cap  were  fired  in  the  powder  in  the 
usual  way,  provided  the  cartridge  was  not 
tamped  and  powder  closely  confined,  no  explo- 
sion would  follow. 

This  statement  may  appear  somewhat  strange 
to  those  accustomed  to  use  high  explosives,  but 
as  far  as  a  few  simple  experiments  will  prove,  is 
borne  out  by  the  facts.  We  visited  the  works 
of  the  company  on  the  corner  of  Greenwich  and 
Octavia  one  day  last  week,  and  witnessed  a 
series  of  experiments  with  the  powder,  some 
account  of  which  may  be  of  interest  to  our 
mining  friends. 

In  the  first  place  it  may  be  stated  that  this 
compound  contains  no  nitro-glycerine  whatever, 
an  invariable  explosive  chemical  ingredient 
being  one  of  the  salts  of  potash,  to  which  are 
added  other  substances,  some  of  which  are  nec- 
essary to  the  evolution  of  the  explosive  force, 
whilst  others  reduce  it  to  any  degree  required  for 
safe  handling,  and  cure  any  natural  tendency  to 
decompose  or  explode  spontaneously.  By  this 
means  the  compound  is  rendered  safe  to  handle, 
while  its  practical  explosive  qualities  under 
suitable  conditions,  are  in  no  degree  impaired, 
but  generally  augmented.  Any  of  several  in- 
gredients may  be  mixed  with  the  explosive 
compound,  according  to  nature  and  quality  of 
compound,  and  the  time  when  and  the  circum- 
stances under  which  the  explosive  material  is 
to  be  used. 

Ample  facilities  were  given  us  by  the  manu- 
facturers of  the  powder,  in  testing  its  properties 
as  far  as  was  possible  by  a  few  experiments. 
We  took  a  good  substantial  sample  from  the 
common  stock,  so  as  to  try  the  same  article  in 
several  ways.  The  first  thing  to  do  was  to  try 
its  explosive  force,  and  as  this  could  only  be 
tested  comparatively,  samples  of  Giant,  Hercules 
and  Vulcan  were  first  fired,  and  then  the  Safety 
powder. 

These  samples  were  all  fired  with  Field's 
platinum  electric  exploder  and  triple  Giant  caps. 
They  have  arranged  at  the  works  a  simple  test- 
ing machine,  by  means  of  which,  when  the 
powder  is  exploded  a  weight  is  thrown  up  on 
guides,  and  the  hight  automatically  registered. 
A  plunger  or  piston  on  this  weight  rests  on  the 
charge  in  the  metal  block,  and  as  the  charge  ex- 
plodes, the  weight  is  thrown  up.  The  charges 
were  therefore  "only  piston  tamped."  Each 
of  the  samples  weighed  100  grains.  The 
first  one  tried,  lifted  the  265-pound  weight 
24^  inches;  the  second  raised  it  16A  inches;  the 
third  16  inches;  and  the  Safety  powder  under 
Bame  conditions  of  piston  tamping,  raised  it  19 
inches.  When,  however,  the  Safety  powder 
was  strongly  tamped  in  the  hole,  and  the  piston 
again  rested  on  the  tamped  charge,  the  explosion 
raised  the  weight  up  76£  inches  vertically.  This 
showed  its  explosive  effect  was  |only  fully  real- 
ized when  the  conditions  under  which  it  was  to 
work  were  properly  fulfilled. 

To  test  whether  this  powder  would  explode 
when  not  confined,  we  made  up  a  quarter  of  a 
pound  in  a  strong  cartridge,  solidly  tamped 
with  a  triple  Giant  powder  cap  and  electric  ex- 
ploder firmly  imbedded  in  the  powder.     This 


cartridge  we  prepared  ourselves  from  the  sample 
originally  made,  taking  care  to  pack  the  powder 
firmly.  This  was  placed  on  the  sand  in  the  lot 
and  the  exploder  discharged  by  electricity  in  the 
same  manner  as  a  Giant  powder  cartridge  is  ex- 
ploded. The  effect  was  somewhat  surprising. 
The  exploder  fired  the  cap  which  exploded  with 
its  usual  force  and  burst  the  cartridge  open,  but 
the  powder  in  the  cartridge  did  not  explode. 
Oue  end  of  the  cartridge  was  found  some  dis- 
tance off  with  probably  an  ounce  of  powder  still 
packed  in  it.  Part  of  this  remaining  powder  we 
burnt  in  the  open  air,  and  part  we  placed  in  the 
teBter  after  tampiug  it,  where  it  exploded  prop- 
erly. 

We  next  tried  some  of  the  powder  on  an  iron 
surface  by  striking  and  rubbing  it  with  a  ham- 
mer, but  with  no  results.  Part  of  the  sample 
was  then  placed  on  a  tube  closed  at  one  end. 
Common  gunpowder  made  into  a  paste  by  the 
addition  of  oleaginous  matter  was  put  on  on  top 
of  this  and  the  powder  lighted.  It  burned 
fiercely  but  slowly,  heating  the  tube  to  bright 
redness  as  the  fire  entered  the  tube.  On 
reaching  the  Safety  powder,  that  in  turn  burned 
but  no  explosion  followed,  showing  that  at  a 
red  heat  it  would  burn  but  not  explode.  It 
should  be  stated  that  although  considerable  of 
this  powder  was  burned  and  exploded  during 
our  visit,  no  injurious  effects  were  felt  from  the 


done  the  conditions  are  fulfilled  which  render 
the  exploder  effective.  An  engraving  on  this 
Dage  Bhows  oue  of  theso  exploders  prepared  for 
its  work.  When  strongly  pinched  on  the  fuse 
they  will  explode  with  much  greater  force  than 
the  strongest  percussion  caps.  We  saw  one  of 
these  exploders  violently  pounded  with  a  ham- 
mer on  an  iron  surface  without  its  exploding; 
and  also  saw  it  lighted  and  burned  in  a  red-hot 
tube  without  any  explosive  effect. 

An  additional  feature  in  connection  with  the 
exploderis  a  fuse  lighter,  a  novel  invention,  which 
will  be  used  in  place  of  snuffs  or  squibs.  It 
consists  in  attaching  to  the  end  of  the  fuse  a 
small  charge  of  highly  combustible  material  in 
a  combustible  envelope  which  serves  to  fire  it, 
while  the  shell,  which  holdB  and  fastens  it  on 
the  end  of  the  fuse,  is  so  formed  as  to  direct  the 
blaze  with  blow-pipe  energy  against  the  end  of 
the  fuse  and  insures  ignition. 

Altogether  the  foregoing  facts  developed  by 
our  examination,  lead  us  to  the  conclusion  that 
under  a  series  of  patents  already  granted  and 
others  recently  applied  for,  this  company  ar.e 
producing  for  civil  engineering  and  mining 
works  some  very  novel  and  valuable  products. 

The  safety  cap,  safe  to  handle  and  even  to  set 
on  fire  if  not  confined,  with  far  more  power" than 
any  percussion  caps  in  use — will  certainly  be 
preferred   by   all   sellers   and   users   of    Giant, 


SAFETY    POWDER    CARTRIDGE. 


fume?,  which  are  stated  to  be  entirely  harm- 
less. 

The  mode  of  explosion  of  this  powder  is  dif- 
ferent from  that  of  any  other  high-grade  ex- 
plosive now  in  use.  When  tamped  lightly  it 
develops  like  powers,  and  gives  off  peculiar 
products  of  combustion;  but  strongly  tamped  it 
develops  a  very  large  measure  of  power,  and  is 
said  to  give  off  very  different  products  of  com- 
bustion, The  powder  is  therefore  specially 
fitted  for  strong  tamping  and  will  do  very  good 
work. 

This  same  powder  is  made  to  do  duty  in  a 
safety  cap  manufactured  by  the  same  company, 
To  try  the  force  of  these  caps  a  small  tester, 
similar  to  that  used  for  trying  the  powder,  was 
used. 

The  first  triple  Giant  cap  raised  the   five   and  | 


Hercules,    Vulcan    or   other    detonating    pow- 
ders. 

The  fuse  lighter,  fastening  on  the  end  of  the 
fuse,  and  lighting  it  without  fail,  is  so  much 
more  convenient  and  certain  than  "  snuff's"  that 
we  should  think  once  known  miners  would  be 
sure  to  use  them.  An  engraving  shown  here- 
with will  give  an  idea  of  the  use  of  this  fuse 
lighter.  Judging  from  what  we  saw  the  other  day, 
we  should  think  that  in  using  Safety  powder 
and  caps  no  hole  need  ever  be  lost.  The  cap 
can  evidently  be  pulled  or  dug  out  with  perfect 
security,  and  the  powder  taken  out  by  any 
thing  that  woud  not  give  it  harder  friction  than 
we  saw  applied  to  it.  At  all  events  by  pouring 
in  water  the  hole  could  be  cleaned  with  an 
iron  spoon.  In  appearance  the  powder  is  dry 
like  ordinary  black  powder,  and  seems  to  "set" 


Electric   Cap. 


one-half  pound  weight  six  and  one-half  inches; 
the  second,  seven  inches;  and  the  third,  six  and 
one-fourth  inches.  The  first  safety  cap  raised 
the  same  weight  11  inches;  the  second,  19 
inches;  and  the  third,  18  inches.  These  were 
fired  with  the  piston  of  the  weight  resting  on 
them.  Then  the  safety  caps  were  again  fired, 
but  first  tamped.  The  first  under  these  condi- 
tions raised  the  weight  44ij  inches;  the  second, 
poorly  tamped,  eight  and  one-half  inches;  and 
the  third,  well  tamped,  43£  inches. 

The  class  of  exploders  commonly  employed  to 
iguite  that  large  class  of  powders  like  the  Giant, 
Hercules,  "Vulcan,  and  other  powders,  which 
require  a  powerful  concussion  to  produce  an  ex- 
plosive ignition,  consist  usually  of  a  cap  filled 
with  a  powerful  fulminate,  this  cap  being  im- 
bedded in  the  cartridge  and  having  a  fuse  in  it. 
These  caps  have  to  contain  so  much  of  the  ful- 
minate that  they  are  in  themselves  very  danger- 
ous on  account  of  the  ease  with  which  they  may 
be  exploded. 

The  exploders  made  by  this  company  consist 
in  filling  a  tube  with  the  peculiar  powder  de- 
scribed, which  requires  to  be  ignited  under 
pressure  in  order  to  explode.  A  wad  of  an  ignit- 
ible  or  explosive  material  is  used  to  retain  this 
powder  in  its  place  in  the  tube  and  renders  the 
ignition  of  the  charge  certain,  communicating 
the  fire  from  the  fuse  to  the  powder.  When 
the  fuse  is  pushed  into  the  tube,  said  tube  is 
pinched  firmly  at  its  upper  edge  so  as  to  com- 
press the  fuse  and  hold  it  tight.     When  this  is 


Fuse  Lighter  and  Fuse. 

|  soon   after    being  put  up.     In    this    State,    of 
course,  it  is  not  liable  to  freeze. 


Rowell's  American  Newspaper  Directory. 
The  January  issue  of  this  quarterly,  contain- 
ing some  550  pages,  is  on  our  table.  Aside  from 
its  intrinsic  merits,  the  book  is  a  handsome  one, 
doing  credit  alike  to  the  printer,  the  binder  and 
the  compiler.  As  'this  work  contains  an  ac- 
curate list  of  all  the  newspapers  and  periodicals 
published  in  the  United  States,  Territories  in- 
cluded, the  Dominion  of  Canada  and  Newfound- 
land, it  ought  to  be  one  of  general  interest  and 
utility.  It  should  prove  especially  serviceable 
to  the  advertising  community,  showing  as  it 
does  the  circulation  of  every  publication  on  its 
list,  thereby  indicating  the  value  of  each  as  an 
advertising  medium.  It  also  contains  much 
valuable  information  in  regard  to  the  leading 
cities  and  towns  in  the  above  countries,  this 
gazetteer  feature  being  new  with  the  present 
number.  The  work  is  issued  quarterly  at  the 
rate  of  $5  per  year  to  subscribers,  and  has  now 
a  large  circulation. 

A  misplaced  switch  in  the  yards  of  the  In- 
dianapolis, Cincinnati  and  Lafayette  railroad 
threw  an  incoming  locomotive  into  a  tank-car 
loaded  with  oil,  which  took  fire  and  burned  a 
number  of  cars.     Loss,  $7,000. 


Should  Earn  a  Little  More   and   Spend 
a  Little  Less. 

To  the  practice  of  the  economy  indicated 
above,  our  people  must  bring  themselves  before 
they  can  reasonably  hope  to  experience  any 
marked  or  permanent  improvement  in  their 
physical  condition.  We  know  that  this  sort  of 
thing  has  been  preached  a  good  deal,  and  may 
be  looked  upon  by  the  classes  for  whom  it  is 
more  especially  intended,  as  being  a  little  stale 
and  monotonous.  Besides,  the  majority  of 
these  people  are  apt  to  think  that  they  really 
do  earn  as  much  and  spend  as  little  as  is  con- 
sistent with  their  health,  comfort  and  social 
position.  And  so  they  do,  if  they  are  going  to 
be  particular  as  to  the  condition  on  which  they 
accept  employment  and  the  kind  of  labor  they 
perform — always  insisting  upon  the  shortest 
hours  and  the  highest  wages;  are  going  to  in- 
dulge in  useless  luxuries,  and  cherish  a  variety 
of  artificial  appetites;  smoke,  drink,  take  time 
for  balls,  billiards  and  horseraces,  frequent  the 
theaters,  go  weekly  on  picnics,  pleasure  ex- 
cursions, etc.  No  class  of  laborers,  or  persons 
who  work  for  day  wages,  or  on  email  salaries, 
can  pursue  a  course  like  this,  and  expect  to 
thrive.  Take,  for  example,  the  young  man  who 
is  addicted  to  going  to  balls  or  dances.  As  these 
amusements  are  carried  on  at  night,  he  is  neces- 
sarily unfitted  for  work  the  next  day,  which, 
with  the  time  lost  in  preparing  for  them,  causes 
him  on  an  average  a  loss  of  two  full  days. 
Then  the  expense  consumes  the  earninga  of  two 
or  three  days,  to  say  nothing  of  the  extra  fine 
clothes  these  balls  require,  the  injury  to  health 
they  occasion,  etc.,  making  a  serious  total  of 
mischief  worked  through  indulgence  in  what  is 
generally  accounted  a  harmless  recreation. 

While  it  is  probable  that  we  shall  have  a 
tolerably  good  year  for  farming  and  mining, 
not  much  improvement  need  be  looked  for  in 
our  mechanical  and  manufacturing  irdustries. 
These  will  remain  depressed;  building  will  be 
dull  and  labor  of  most  kinds  be  in  limited  de- 
mand and  possibly  at  reduced  prices.  The 
Chinese  still  remain  with  us,  a  considerable  im- 
migration from  the  East  will  bring  fresh  sup- 
plies upon  the  labor  market,  while  increased 
transportation  facilities  force  us  into  sharp  com- 
petition with  manufacturers  abroad.  The  in- 
dustrial outlook  is  such,  therefore,  as  admon- 
ishes the  masses  wanting  work  to  the  practice 
of  prudence  and  economy.  They  should  at  once 
begin  to  husband  their  resources  and  reduce  ex- 
penses to  a  minimum.  Employment  of  almost 
any  kind  should  be  accepted  even  though  the 
wages  be  moderate,  and  those  having  situations 
should  retain  them  without  being  particular 
about  minor  conditions.  Money  on  hand  should 
be  hoarded.  It  is  no  good  time  this,  for  people 
of  small  means  to  be  "gambling  in  stocks  or  em- 
barking in  other  hazardous  speculations.  Let 
them  hold  on  to  what  they  have  and  try  and 
add  a  little  thereto,  retrenching  expenses  wher- 
ever possible.  The  good  old  days  of  the  slugs 
and  ounces  have  passed  away.  The  era  of  the 
nickel  is  upon  us,  to  be  followed,  perhaps,  by 
that  of  the  old-fashioned  red  cent,  a  coin  of 
small  purchasing  power  but  with  some  of  us  of 
blessed  memory.  Though  they  had  in  the  South 
aforetime  no  coin  less  than  the  picayune,  the 
mass  of  laborers  there  were  not  thrifty.  Having 
lived  in  California  to  see  this  day  of  small  things 
let  us  wisely  conform  to  its  requirements,  bear- 
ing in  mind  that  a  little  more  earned  and  a  little 
less  spent  is  a  policy  that  will  secure  to  us  now 
a  larger  share  of  the  comforts  of  life  than  were 
common  in  the  flush  times  of  the  past. 


Robert  T.  Burton  is  on  trial  at  Salt  Lake 
for  the  murder  of  Mrs  Bowman  in  1862.  It  is 
charged  that  after  the  surrender  of  a  party  of 
Morrisities  to  Mormons  in  that  year,  he  shot 
and  killed  Morris  and  two  women. 


The  recent  report  of  catle  men  being  murder- 
ed in  Nebraska  by  Indians  has  been  confirmed. 


The  Constitutional  Convention  of  this  State, 
and  the  Legislature  of  Nevada;  have  telegraph- 
ed resolutions  to  President  Hayes,  urging  him  to 
sign  the  Anti-Chinese  bill. 

Japan  is  now  manufacturing  boots  for  the 
United  States  from  leather  brought  from  Ameri- 
can ports. 


114 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[February  22,   1879. 


CORRESPONDENCE. 


We  admit,  unendorsed,  opinions  of  correspondents.— Eds. 

Siskiyou  Notes. 

Editors  Press: — A  perusal  of  the  interest- 
ing "Notes  on  Trinity  County,"  recently  pub- 
lished in  your  paper,  has  induced  the  writer  to 
send  you  the  following  notes  on  Siskiyou 
county.  This  county  presents  an  inviting  held 
for  both  capital  and  labor.  Her  mountains  are 
rich  in  gravel  deposits  and  quartz  veins,  bearing 
gold  in  paying  quantities.  From  these  snow- 
clad  mountains  numerous  streams  of  ever- 
living  water  wind  their  way  into  the  beautiful 
valleys  below,  of  which  Scott  and  Shasta  val- 
leys are  the  most  beautiful,  fertile  and  produc- 
tive, yielding  never  failing  and  abundant  crops 
of  wheat,  oats,  barley,  timothy,  alfalfa  and 
every  variety  of  vegetables.  Her  towns  and 
villages  are  conveniently  located  at  the  base  of 
the  mountains,  so  as  to  command  the  trade  of 
the  farming  and  mining  sections,  and  in  a  meas- 
ure unite  these  interests. 

It  is  claimed  by  some  that  our 

Biver  and.  Placer  Mines 
Axe  nearly  worked  out.  This  is  a  mistake. 
Fifteen  years  ago  the  same  cry  was  raised 
"that  the  mines  are  worked  out,"  and  yet  we 
have  more  extensive  and  gigantic  mining  en- 
terprises here  now  than  ever  heretofore.  On 
the  South  fork  of  Scott  river  Benny,  Parker  & 
Co.  have,  at  a  cost  of  $30,000,  and  several  years" 
of  patient  labor,  opened  a  river  claim  that  is 
paying  $1,200  to  the  sluice  length  with  pick 
and  shovel.  And  then  the  Bennet  &  Miller 
claim  on  Salmon  river,  Pacific  claim  on  the 
Klamath  river,  "Lucky"  Baldwin  claim  on 
Yreka  creek,  and  other  mining  operations  de- 
monstrate that  we  have  many  rich  and  exten- 
sive fields  for  mining  operations,  which  require 
only  the  necessary  energy,  capital  and  labor  to 
make  them  remunerative. 

A  Great  Gravel  Deposit 
Extends  from  Trinity  county,  in  a  northerly 
direction,  through  this  county  into  Oregon,  and 
where  broken  by  streams,  has  been  very 
rich.  We  have  good  facilities  for  obtaining 
water  for  mining  purposes,  and  the  mountains 
usually  retain  the  suow  and  keep  the  streams 
up  to  about  the  first  of  July.  The  average 
rainfall  is  about  25  inches.  Timber  for  lumber 
and  mining  purposes  is  plentiful,  and  easy  of 
access  for  all  the  mining  regions.  Produce  is 
cheap,  flour  being  only  $2.50  per  100  pounds. 
Being  connected  by  good  wagon  roads  with 
Reading,  the  present  northern  terminus  of  the 
C.  &  O.  R.  R.,  freight  can  be  brought  here 
from  San  Francisco  at  three  cents  per  pound. 
Labor  is  cheaper  than  in  most  other  mining 
localities.     The  experience  of  working 

Quartz  Mines 
Has  shown  that  rock  can  be  extracted  and  re- 
duced at  a  cost  of  $4  to  $5  per  ton.  Of  late 
years  more  attention  has  been  given  to  the  de- 
velopment and  working  of  quartz  mines.  The 
most  notable  mines  are  the  Black  Bear,  Klam- 
ath, Evening  Star,  Northern  Star  and  Star  of 
the  West  on  Salmon  river,  which  now  employ 
about  500  men,  and  are  well  paying  mines. 
The  Johnson  mine,  at  Oro  Fino,  which  is  now 
opened  to  a  depth  of  300  feet  or  more,  the  rock 
of  which  has  thus  far  averaged  §30  per  ton. 
The  Empire,  Tonkin's  Con.;  Blind  Lode.  Blue 
Jay,  Elephant,  Horsier,  Hartstrand,  Kingery 
and  Root  mines  are  being  opened  and  give  most 
flattering  prospects.  These  last  six  mines  are 
located  on  the  French  Creek  lode,  which  can 
be  traced  for  a  distance  of  four  miles. 

Mr.  H.  C.  Cory. 
A  resident  of  this  place  and  a  most  enterprising 
gentleman,  owns  the  Blue  Jay  and  Elephant, 
which  are  each  1,500  feet  in  length.  He  has 
expended  considerable  money  in  opening  these 
mines,  and  is  deserving  of  great  credit  for  the 
energy  and  pluck  he  has  shown  in  his  efforts  to 
make  this  a  successful  mining  enterprise.  He 
is  now  down  on  the  ledge  about  150  feet,  where 
the  vein  averages  about  four  feet  in  thickness, 
and  carries  gold  in  paying  quantity  as  far  as 
prospected. 

The  ore  from  his  mines  has  paid,  by  milling 
process,  from  $10  to  $60  per  ton,  and  the  ore 
body  improves  in  quantity  and  quality  with 
depth.  Assays  of  average  rock  from  these 
mines  have  shown  $65.84  per  ton.  The  suc- 
cessful opening  and  working  of  these  mines 
will  be  of  great  benefit  to  our  people,  and  they 
should  give  all  possible  encouragement  to  these 
mine  owners.  With  few  exceptions  the  quartz 
veins  extend  in  a  course  nearly  north  and 
south  and  parallel  with  the  mountain  ridges. 
All  the  veins  thus  far  discovered  have  been 
found  where  streams  of  water  have  cut  through 
them.  These  streams  are  usually  chosen  for 
mill  sites,  as  they  afford  ample  water  and  tim- 
ber for  mill  and  mining  purposes.  Our  mines 
are  mostly  opened  in  these  outside  counties 
with 

Home  Capital, 
And  sometimes  by;  inexperienced  men;  hence 
thd  many  discouraging  failures,  which  are  alike 
detrimental  to  the  development,  growth  and 
prosperity  of  the  country  and  mining  enter- 
prise, as  they  deter  men  from  engaging  in  min- 
ing operations. 

All  that  our  mines  need,  to  invite  foreign  cap- 


ital and  experienced  miners  to  invest  in  them, 
is  a  proper  representation.  Should  a  few  San 
Francisco  mining  companies  once  obtain  a  foot- 
ing here,  more  would,  very  soon  be  known  of 
the  mineral  wealth  of  this  locality,  and  a  new 
impetus  would  be  given  to  the  mining  interests 
of  Siskiyou.  Etna. 

Etna,  Siskiyou  Co.,  Jan.  25th,  1879. 

Progress  of  Bodie, 

Editors  Press: — Since  last  April,  when  I 
wrote  a  series  of  letters  from  here  to  the  Press, 
the  population  of  the  district  has  doubled.  Four 
thousand  is  a  low  enough  estimate  now,  with 
two  stage  lines  and  a  fast  freight  line;  making 
additions  daily.  The  Carson  route  has  a  strong 
rival  direct  from  Virginia  City — that  via.  Mason 
valley,  and  utilized  by  John  Allman.  Early  in 
the  season,  the  Sonora  route  will  be  reopened. 
The  Virginia  and  Truckee  railroad  is  recorded 
as  on  the  eve  of  extending  a  branch  this  way  as 
far  as  the  foot  of  the  grade  at  Aurora,  via. 
Mason  valley;  so  that  what  was  a  year  ago  a 
terra  in  cog.,  is  destined  to  be  brought  to  the 
doors  of  San  Francisco  at  a  very  early  day. 
Bodie  is  the  central  attraction  for  the  time,  but 
it  will  be  singular  indeed  if  Mono  county  gen- 
erally does  not  come  to  the  front  as  a  fresh  field 
of  great  magnitude  in  the  mining  way. 

The  writer  was 

Not  Surprised 
At  the  excitement  created  here  last  July  and 
August.  The  Standard  mine  could  have  antici- 
pated it  on  a  larger  scale,  had  the  management 
been  disposed  to  crowd  its  rich  reserves  to  the 
front.  Lucky  for  the  district  that  this  did  not 
take  place,  else  matters  would  have  a  gloomy 
instead  of  a  cheerful  outlook  at  this  time.  The 
Bodie  claim  had  little  or  no  development  made, 
and  no  sooner  did  the  Bruce  ledge  stick  one  end. 
out  by  the  light  of  the  tallow  candle,  than  the 
work  of  scooping  out  begun.  By  hurrying  up 
heavier  machinery,  they  have  got  work  so  ad- 
vanced that  it  is  possible  a  new  level  of  import- 
ance may  be  opened  before  the  ores  overhead 
are  exhausted.     I  find 

More  Reserves 
Than  expected,  and  am  almost  convinced  that 
the  company  will  continue  its  regular  dividends 
until  new  ore  bodies  are  found.  The  public  at 
large  have  probably  been  mislead  regarding  the 
real  extent  of  the  Bodie  mine,  the  Bruce  bo- 
nanza having  overshadowed  the  Burgess,  and 
especially  the  Gildea.  The  latter  has  supplied 
a  great  deal  of  ore  that  paid  well  to  mill,  and  is 
not  yet  exhausted  above  the  250  level.  All 
three  ledges  continue  below,  but  it  remains  to 
be  seen  whether  they  hold  their  own  every  way 
to  the  proprosed  new  level.  If  they  do,  Bodie 
stock  will  repeat  its  highest  figure  and  more, 
too. 

The  Three  Ledges, 
Which  have  rendered  the  Bodie  claim  so  fa- 
mous, extend  north  into  the  Standard,  the 
Burgess  shipping  ore  of  a  very  high  grade, 
while  the  Bruce  carries  with  it  all  the  charac- 
teristics of  its  best  days;  in  all,  practically 
doubling  the  value  of  the  originally  great  Stand- 
ard property,  the  main  ledge  of  which  consti- 
tutes a  back-bone  that  Bodie  district  could  not 


Railroads. 

Eastern  Capital  Seeking  Good  Investments. 

The  Railway  Age,  Jan.  9th,  says  :  The  dis- 
trust that  has  been  felt  by  Eastern  capital,  since 
the  panic,  in  regard  to  investment  in  Western 
railway  enterprises — often,  it  must  be  admitted, 
with  too  good  reason — is  now  rapidly  yielding, 
and  while  much  greater  caution  will  be  exercised 
hereafter  in  regard  to  the  character  of  the  enter- 
prises and  the  men  in  charge  of  them,  there  will 
be  an  increasing  disposition  to  invest  in  those 
that  seem  to  have  a  sound  basis,  the  continued 
growth  and  development  of  the  West  being  ad- 
mitted "to  be  beyond  question. 

The  changed  sentiment  is  illustrated  in  the 
following  extract  from  an  interview  by  a  Kansas 
newspaper  man  with  the  President  of  the 
Central  Branch  Union  Pacific  road  :  The 
Champion's  representative  asked  him  if  the 
Eastern  people  of  the  road  were  prepared  to 
supply  the  necessary  funds  for  the  prosecution 
of  so  gigantic  an  enterprise.  Mr.  Pomeroy 
replied  that  they  were  not  only  prepared,  but 
in  their  anxiety  for  investment  the  directors 
had  been  compelled  to  refuse  application  for 
stock,  and  that  enough  money,  when  necessary, 
would  be  subscribed  in  five  minutes'  time. 
Money  was  so  cheap  in  the  East  that  it  was 
continually  seeking  Western  investment,  and 
the  distrust  felt  a  few  years  ago  in  Western 
stocks  arid  bonds  had  given  way  to  an  absolute 
demand,  and  that  money  was  being  taken  every 
day  from  legitimate  Eastern  channels  and  used, 
for  speculative  investment  in  Western  enter- 
prises. He  cited  as  an  instance  that  great  stock 
wonder,  the  Santa  Fe  road,  which  advanced 
from  a  drug  at  10  cents  to  an  active  demand  at 
85  cents. 

The  Northern  Pacific 

By  the  contract  awarded  December  28th,  in 
New  York,  will  be  completed  to  within  25 
miles  of  the  Montana  line,  and  100  miles  of  the 
Yellowstone,  opening  up  a  section  including 
some  of  the  best  agricultural  land  in  the  United 
States. 

The  Directors  awarded  the  contract  for  build- 
ing the  first  100  miles  of  the  road  west  of  the 
Missouri  river  to  Walker  &  Clark.  Walker  is 
a  resident  of  Peeksville,  and  Clark  lives  in 
Montana.  A  great  many  other  contractors 
were  present  at  the  office,  and  disappointment 
set  very  visibly  on  their  countenances.  The 
company  will  pay  the  contractors  monthly  in 
cash,  reserving  15%  until  the  completion  of  the 
contract.  The  cross-ties,  railroad  iron  and  fast- 
enings will  be  furnished,  by  the  company,  and 
100  miles  of  the  road  is  to  be  in  running  order 
by  November  1st,  1S79.  No  attempt  will  be 
made  nt  present  to  bridge  the  Missouri  river  at 
Bismarck,  but  a  good  ferry  will  be  established, 
beginning  at  Heart  River  Valley,  opposite  Bis- 
marck. The  line,  as  at  present  surveyed,  runs 
nearly  west  to  the  Yellowstone,  at  the  -mouth 
of  Glendive's  creek,  which  is  about  30  miles  be- 
low Powder  river. 

The  country  is  rolling  prairie,  said  to  be  well 
supplied  with  wood,  water  and  grass.  Coal  is 
found  at  a  distauce  of  25  miles  from  the  Mis- 
souri river,  and  from  that  point  west  coal  veins 
crop  out  on  nearly  every  stream  crossed. 

Some  of  the  Montana  papers  that  declare  the 


as  yet  lire  without.     It  has  been   one   of  tke^  N.  P.  R.    R    grant  forfeited,    stoutly  refuse  to 


very  best  managed  institutions  in  the  history  of 
quartz  mining;  characterized  by  both  faith  and 
foresight.  They  are  now  putting  the  machinery 
in  place  for  sinking  the  new  Central  shaft  to  a 
greater  depth  than  any  other  company  possibly 
can  go  at  present.  All  the  pumping  and  air- 
compressing  machinery  is  on  the  ground.  The 
new  shaft  is  near  800  feet  in  depth  now,  and 
will  be  sunk  double  that   depth   if   necessary. 

Crosscuts 
From  the  1200  or  1500  level  will  be  quite  apt  to 
settle  the  future  of  Bodie  Bluff.  The  Bulwer 
claim  is  under  the  same  management,  and  is 
"proved  up,''  as  the  miners  say,  to  be  scarcely 
second  to  the  Standard  in  importance.  A  cross- 
cut from  the  new  shaft  of  the  Standard  has 
found  the  Ralston  ledge  in  the  Bulwer  180  be- 
low the  old  levels.  With  the  Homestake  and 
Stonewall  ledges  carried  down  to  the  400  level, 
includingall  their  well-knownrichness,  and  there 
will  be  a  solid  basis  for  a  sensation  that  will 
overshadow  the  affair  of  August  last.  A  very 
few  feet  of  crosscut  will  decide  this  matter. 

The  Want 
Of  the  district  at  present  is  another  good  mill; 
some  such  close-working  reduction  works  as  the 
Standard.  The  Bodie  company's  mill  is  unfor- 
tunate in  not  having  a  regular  supply  of  water. 
They  are  still  prospecting  for  it,  and  the  Bulwer 
ore  goes  begging.  The  Bodie  company  are  still 
employing  the  Syndicate  mill  under  contract  of 
last  summer. 

Other  Mines. 

The  Summit  company  are  developing  a  bul- 
lion-producing mine.  Con.  Pacific  recently  made 
a  shipment,  and  is  carrying  out  a  general  system 
of  development.  The  Tioga  Con.  is  the  Stand- 
ard north,  and  is  one  of  the  interesting  features 
of  the  district.  The  Jupiter  is  supposed  to  be 
the  south  extension  of  the  main  Standard  mine; 
is  a  strong,  rich  ledge  and  threatens  to  make 
more  than  a  ripple  of  excitement  some  day. 
The  Dudley,  still  farther  south  on  same  line,  is 
a  fine  showing  for  a  big  mine.  As  I  get  around 
and  see  for  myself,  I  will  endeavor  to  interest 
your  readers  on  the  subject  of  the  Bodie  mines 
for  some  weeks  to  come.  W. 

Bodie,  Mono  Co.,  Feb.  5th. 


lend  credence  to  the  telegraph,  or  to  any  re 
ports  of  vitality  in  the  Northern  Pacific  under 
any  circumstances. 

The  Bodie  Railroad. 

Alpine  Chronicle,  Jan.  4:  The  building  of  the 
branch  railroad  from  Mound  House  to  Bodie  has 
been  decided  upon.  '  D.  0.  Mills,  President  of 
the  company,  is  now  in  the  East,  where  he  has 
made  satisfactory  arrangements  for  the  rails  and 
rolling  stock.  The  work  of  getting  out  timbers, 
etc.,  will  go  on  this  winter,  and  the  grading  of 
the  road  will  be  commenced,  early  in  the  spring. 
The  rails  will  be  shipped  this  season. 
In  Arizona. 

Arizona  Sentinel,  Jan.  4:  Work  was  com- 
menced November  18th,  but  the  main  force  of 
graders  did  not  arrive  until  November  20th  and 
21st.  During  the  week  ending  November  23d 
four  miles  had  been  laid  and  a  fair  beginning 
made  at  organizing.  During  the  32  working 
days  following  the  latter  date,  there  have  been 
constructed  27  miles  of  road,  over  the  most  dif- 
ficult part  of  the  whole  route  between  Yuma 
and  Tucson.  Just  behind  Old  Mission  Camp 
the  train  crosses  three  temporary  bridges  of 
crib-work,  flanked  by  heavy  fills  ;  two  of  these 
are  208  feet  long,  each,  and  nearly  15  feet  high. 
The  road  cuts  through  the  south  end  of  the 
corral  at  New  Mission  Camp.  At  Rattlesnake 
hill  it  goes  over  a  long  fill  of  some  24,000  cubic 
yards ;  this  work  was  done  in  three  days,  its 
rapid  completion  reflecting  great  credit  on  Stro- 
bridge's  skill  in  handling  his  forces. 

The  rapid  progress  made  over  the  difficult 
country  between  Yuma  and  Gila,  justifies  Stro- 
bridge's  assertion  that  he  car,  if  required,  lay 
the  track  over  the  comparatively  easy  country 
between  Gila  and  Maricopa  AVells  by  April  1st, 
with  his  present  force.  He  does  not  now  expect 
to  consume  over  four  months  in  doing  that,  in 
any  event. 

The  line  passes  over  the  mesa  about  a  mile 
and  a  quarter  south  of  Filibuster  Station, 
which  is  44  miles  east  of  Yuma  by  the  stage 
road.  Coming  from  there  by  stage,  as  we  neared 
Martinez  camp,  we  saw,  to  the  southeast,  clouds 
of  smoke  raised  by  brush-burners  in  advance  of 
the  graders.     Fogs  of  dust   soon  indicated  the 


whereabouts  of  the  latter,  strung  along  for  sev- 
eral miles.  About  a  quarter  of  a  mile  south  of 
Martinez  was  a  group  of  tents  occupied  by 
teamsters  and  well-diggers,  and  a  donkey  engine 
emitting  vigorous  puffs  of  smoke  and  steam. 
Salt  Lake  and  Colorado  Biver  Railroad. 

According  to  the  "Salt  Lake  Tribune,  Jay 
Gould  subscribes  for  one-half  of  the  stock  in 
the  new  railroad  from  Chicken  Creek  to  Frisco, 
one-fourth  is  to  be  held  by  the  Mormons,  and 
the  remainder  by  the  Bonanza  people.  If  that 
means  the  extension  of  the  Utah  Oentral  south 
to  the  Big  Bonanza  mines,  it  is  a  most  import- 
ant railroad  link.  In  Iron  and  Beaver  coun- 
ties, Utah,  the  mines  of  coal,  iron,  lead  and  sil- 
ver are  among  the  richest  and  most  extensive 
in  the  Union.  The  coal  is  of  so  pure  a  quality 
that  it  is  used  for  all  purposes  of  the  forge,  and 
when  coked  makes  the  finest  possible  material 
for  fuel  for  smelting  furnaces.  There  are  now 
very  extensive  coking  furnaces  150  or  175  miles 
south  of  the  present  southern  terminus  of  the 
road,  while  the  amount  of  ore  which  is  rich  in 
lead  but  not  sufficiently  rich  in  silver  to  justify 
freighting  by  teams,  is  described  as  enormous. 
The  Union  Pacific  Company  now  control  the 
road  running  south  from  Salt  Lake  City,  -and 
the  extension  would  not  only  secure  the  trade 
referred  to,  but  would  take  from  the  Central 
Pacific  all  the  trade  of  southeastern  Nevada  and 
turn  it  toward  Salt  Lake.  It  is  a  good  project, 
arid  would  return  100%  on  the  capital  necessary 
to  construct  and  equip  the  road  every  18 
months. 

Salt  Lake  and  Idaho  Railroad. 

The  Utah  Northern  has  now  been  extended 
from  Ogden  into  Idaho,  200  miles.  One  hun- 
dred miles  of  this  have  been  built  within  the 
past  year.  This  road  is  opening  up  new  fields 
of  trade,  which  will  grow  as  the  line  extends 
into  Idaho  and  Montana.  With  this  new  route 
the  trade  of  Oregon  and  Washington  will  be  se- 
cured ultimately;  but  it  is  now  the  intention  of 
the  company  to  push  the  road  the  coming  sea- 
son toward  the  rich  mines  and  pastures  of  Idaho 
and  Montana. 

New  Mexico  Has  Been  Invaded. 

The  Denver  and  Rio  Grande  railroad  has 
finally  crossed  the  line  from  Colorado. 

The  project  of  offering  homes  in  New  Mexico, 
along  the  line  of  a  proposed  railway,  is  attract- 
ing some  attention  among  workingmen  in  New 
York.  Twentj'-acre  farms,  with  cattle  and 
farming  implements,  are  sold  for  $200. 
One  Remarkable  Feature, 
Says  the  Railway  Age,  of  the  western  situation 
at  present,  is  the  movement  of  so  many  lines  to 
secure  a  share  of  Colorado  business.  It  is  only 
about  .eight  years  since  the  first  locomotive 
crossed  the  plains  and  reached  Denver.  Now 
three  great  trunk  lines,  the  Union  Pacific,  Kan- 
sas Pacific  and  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  Fe, 
run  their  trains  thither,  and  two  others,  the 
Burlington  &  Missouri  Biver  in  Nebraska  and 
Central  Branch  Union  Pacific,  have  started  for 
the  long  race  of  about  400  miles  across  the 
plains  to  the  same  destination.  The  former  of 
these  has  reached  Red  Cloud,  Nebraska,  and  is 
pushing  up  the  Republican  river.  The  Central 
Branch  road  now  runs  to  Beloit,  Kansas,  on  the 
Solomon  river,  and  an  Atchison  paper  reports 
President  R.  M.  Pomeroy  as  saying  the  line 
would  be  extended  100  miles  west  of  that  point 
"just  as  fast  as  an  unlimited  supply  of  money 
and  men  could  do  it,"  and  that  a  through  line  to 
Denver  was  (ian  absolute  certainty."  It  is  not 
improbable,  therefore,  that  within  a  few  years 
as  many  as  half  a  dozen  independent  lines  may 
span  the  width  of  Kansas  or  Nebraska  and 
reach  the  foot  of  the  Rocky  mountains.  The 
impulse  for  this  great  movement  is  the  prospect 
of  traffic  from  the  new  lands  to  be  developed 
aloDg  the  line,  as  well  as  in  the  mineral  regions 
of  the  mountains,  which  are  probably  but  com- 
mencing to  reveal  their  wealth. 
Mexican  Lines. 

From  the  American  deputation  now  in  Mexi- 
co, we  learn  that  the  Mexican  government 
desires  to  connect  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific 
coasts  by  a  railroad  from  Tampico  to  San  Bias, 
and  is  disposed  to  give  a  liberal  subsidy  in  aid 
of  the  undertaking.  At  the  Mexican  capital, 
General  Frisbie,  is  about  to  establish  a  bank 
which  will  conduct  business  on  abroad  and  pro- 
gressive basis.  It  is  likewise  contemplated  to 
organize  a  transportation  company,  which  shall 
undertake  banking  operations  and  enable  manu- 
facturers in  the,  United  States  to  transact  busi- 
ness with  safety  and  dispatch  in  the  Mexican 
republic.  It  is  likewise  proposed  to  build  an 
international  railroad,  which,  beginning  at  the 
terminus  of  the  Great  Northern  railroad  at 
Austin,  Texas,  would  pass  through  Laredo, 
Saltillo  and  San  Luis  and  terminate  at  the 
Mexican  capital.  An  able  document  in  support 
of  this  project  has  been  published,  and  2,000 
copies  thereof  will  be  circulated  in  Mexico  dur- 
ing the  sta^r  of  the  deputation. 

The  elaborate  investigations  made  at  Altoona 
by  Prof.  Charles  B.  Dudley,  chemist  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad  Company,  of  the  chem- 
ical composition  and  physical  properties  of 
many  old  steel  rails  have  led  him  to  adopt  the 
important  conclusion  that  they  should  have,  of 
phosphorus,  not  above  0.10%;  of  silicon  not 
aboveO.  04%;  of  carbon  between  0.25%  and  0.35%, 
with  an  aim  at  0.30%;  of  manganese,  between 
0.30%  and  0.40%,  with  an  aim  at  0.35%. 

A  highly  respected  Russian  embezzler — who 
stole  a  million  dollars — has  been  sentenced  to 
six  years  penal  servitude  in  Siberia. 


February  22,  1879.] 


MINING    AND  ^SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


115 


Transverse  Strength  of  Materials. 

The  transverse  strength  of  beams  is  a  com- 
plex quantity,  which  demands  two  elements — 
its  tensile  strength  and  its  resistance  to  crush- 
ing. This  becomes  evident  when  we  consider 
that  when  a  beam  is  supported  at  both  ends 
and  a  load  placed  on  top  of  it,  the  fibers  in  the 
lower  part  will  be  extended,  while  those  in  the 
upper  part  will  be  crushed  together.  Between 
the  two  there  will  be  a  tine,  or  rather  plane,  in 
which  there  will  be  neither  extension  nor  crush- 
ing. This  line  or  plane  is  called  the  neutral 
axis.  When  a  beam  is  solidly  fixed  with  one 
cud  in  a  support  and  the  free  end  loaded,  the 
inverse  action  takes  place — the  upper  libers  will 
be  extended  or  stretched,  while  those  below 
subject  to  crushing  strain;  but  here 
also  thero  is  a  neutral  axis,  or  a  line  be- 
tween, where  neither  extension  nor  crushing 
takes  place. 

It  has  been  laid  down  in  some  treatise  on  me- 
chanics that  this  neutral  line  is  always  half 
way  between  the  upper  and  lower  part  of  the 
beam;  but  this  is  evidently  erroneous,  or  at 
least  an  incomplete  statement,  as  the  section  of 
the  beam  has  an  influence;  if  the  section  at 
the  upper  part  is  larger  than  it  is  at  the  lower 
part,  it  will  have  more  strength,  and  vie?  versa, 
hence  the  neutral  axis  must  be  higher  or  lower 
than  half  way.  It  is  more  correct  to  state  th^at 
the  neutral  axis  passes  through  the  center  of 
gravity  of  the  cross  section,  thus  in  a  triangular 
beam,  with  the  apex  on  the  top,  it  would  be  at 
one-third  of  the  hight  instead  of  half  way. 

But  this  statement  also  is  incomplete,  as  it 
leaves  out  of  account  the  difference  in  crushing 
and  tensile  strength,  which  some  materials  may 

fiossess.  If,  for  instance,  we  have  a  hard  alloy 
ike  bronze,  with  great  power  of  resisting  crush- 
ing pressure,  but  with  a  comparatively  small 
tensile  strength  it  is  evident  that  when  sub- 
mitted to  transverse  strain  a  gradual  increase  of 
the  same  will  submit  more  fibers  to  tensile 
strain,  for  the  reason  of  the  greater  resistance 
to  crushing  strain,  and  the  neutral  axis  will 
necessarily  lie  nearer  to  the  part  compressed  by 
the  effect  of  the  load,  and  further  from  the  side 
where  there  is  the  greatest  tensile  or  extensive 
strain. 

This  is  the  reason  why  it  is  unreliable  to  deduce 
the  transverse  strength  of  materials  from  the 
combined  action  of  their  tensile  strength  and 
power  of  resistance  to  crushing  strain,  and  sep- 
arate apparatus  are  used  for  the  purpose  of  find- 
ing the  transverse  strain,  directly  by  experi- 
ments. Such  an  apparatus  has  recently  been 
devised  by  Prof.  R.  H.  Thurston,  of  the 
Stevens  Institute,  Hoboken,  N.  J.,  who,  as  is 
well  known,  is  foremost  in  his  experiments  on 
this  subject,  so  highly  important  in  practical 
mechanics. 


Steam-Boiler  Inspection. 

The  Hartford,  Conn.,  Steam-Boiler  Inspec- 
tion and  Insurance  Co.  is  doing  a  good  work. 
In  a  recent  communication  from  Mr.  F.  B. 
Allen,  the  President  of  that  Association,  to  the 
Manufacturer  and  Builder,  the  question — "Is 
Government  Inspection  of  Steam-Boilers  a 
Failure  V  is  discussed  at  some  length,  and  a 
comparison  is  drawn  between  the  efficiency  of 
government  inspection  and  that  of  the  com- 
pany, that  is  decidedly  to  the  discredit  of  the 
Government  Board  of  Supervising  Engineers. 
We  give  herewith  a  summary  of  the  facts 
presented,  representing  the  same  number  of 
years  (1870-1877)  in  the  two  classes  of  work  : 
TJ.  S.  Board  of  Supervising-  Engineers. 

Total  number  of  boilers  tested 42,473 

Total  number  of  lives  lost  .by  explosion 067 

Total  amount  of  property  destroyed  by  explosion  $523,514 
Hartford  Steam-Boiler  Inspection   and  In- 
surance Co. 

Total  number  of  boilers  examined 56,145 

Total  number  of  lives  lost  by  explosion  (since 

or<,iuiizatiou  of  the  Company,  12  years) 25 

Total  amount  of  property  losses 874,381 

Mr.  Allen,  from  the  above  showing,  draws 
the  inference,  that  Government  inspection  of 
steam-boilers  is  a  failure.  We  do  not  see  how 
any  other  inference  could  well  be  drawn. 


Locomotive  Building  in  1S78. — Locomotive 
building  during  the  past  year  has  shown  quite 
an  improvement  over  the  two  or  three  previous 
ones.  Statistics  show  an  increase  of  from  35% 
to  40%.  A  large  portion  of  this  increase  has 
come  from  foreign  orders.  During  the  year, 
locomotives  have  been  shipped  to  Russia,  Bra- 
zil, Peru,  Cuba,  Nicaragua,  Norway,  Italy, 
Australia,  and  New  Zealand.  Forty  have  been 
sent  to  Russia  alone.  These  distant  and  diverse 
shipments  indicate  the  establishment  of  a 
permanent  foreign  trade  in  this  important 
branch  of  industry.  The  shipments  this  year 
to  either  Norway  or  Sweden  are  the  first  ever 
made.  The  great  reduction  in  price  is  also  a 
most  noteworthy  fact  connected  with  this  busi- 
ness. Prices  have  had  a  shrinkage  of  fully  50% 
during  the  past  five  years.  Locomotives  which 
cost  §10,000  in  1873  can  now  be  bought  for 
§5,000.  Cost  of  production  has  decreased 
largely,  but  not  in  proportion  to  selling  prices. 
It  was  stated  in  a  late  number  of  the  Iron  Age 
that  the  Baldwin  Locomotive  Works  had  just 
received  by  cable,  from  Europe,  an  order  for 
nine  of  their  largest-sized  locomotives. 


The  Need  of  a  Standard  Screw-Thread. 

Any  one  who  realizes  the  important  part  per- 
formed by  bolt*)  and  nuts  in  railroad  machinery, 
would  naturally  suppose  that  a  standard  system 
of  screw- thread 8  would  have  been  practically  as 
well  as  formally  adopted  long  before  this.  Such, 
however,  is  not  the  case,  so  far  at  least  as  the 
practice  is  concerned,  and  consequently  the 
great  advantages  to  be  derived  from  such  a  sys 
tern  have  not  been  realized.  The  Master  Me 
chanica'  and  Car-Builders'  Associations  adopted 
what  is  known  as  the  Sellers  or  Franklin  Insti- 
tute system,  several  years  ago,  but  owing  to  an 
imperfect  understanding  of  it  the  desired  uni- 
formity in  the  threads  and  diameter  of  bolts  has 
not  been  attained.  One  peculiarity  of  this  sys- 
tem is  that  the  screw-threads,  instead  of  ter- 
minating in  a  sharp  edge  or  point,  are  made  Hat 
at  the  top  aud'bottom,  and  the  pitch  is  fixed  at 
an  inclination  of  GO  degrees.  By  doing  away 
with  the  pointed  or  V-shaped  thread,  the  dia- 
meter and  consequently  the  strength  of  the  bolt 
are  increased  without  lessening,  to  any  extent, 
the  strength  of  the  thread.  The  diameter  of 
the  bolt  can  also  be  measured  with  greater  ac- 
curacy for  the  reason  that  the  depth  of  the  sharp 
thread  will  vary  as  the  point  of  the  cutting  tool 
wears.  A  sharp  edge  is  also  moro  liable  to  in- 
jury thau  are  the  threads  with  flattened  tops. 

A  table  of  "Standard  Screw-Threads, "adopted 
by  the  Car-Builders'  Association,  at  Richmond, 
Va  ,  187 1 ,  has  been  printed  in  most  of  the  annual 
reports  of  the  association  since  then.  This 
table  gives  only  the  outside  diameter  of  bolts 
and  the  number  of  threads  to  the  inch,  as  being 
all  that  is  essentially  implied  in  the  system 
adopted.  The  result  has  been  that  different 
taps  and  dies  for  the  same  size  of  bolt  are  in 
use  on  different  roads,  the  diameter  of  the 
screws  and  the  form  of  the  threads  not  being 
alike  in  many  instances.  This  is  owing  to  the 
fact  that  only  a  part  of  the  dimensions  specified 
in  the  Sellers  system  have  been  adhered  to,  re- 
gardless of  the  fact  that  no  uniformity  by  which 
such  bolts  can  be  made  interchangeable  can  be 
had,  unless  every  requisite  of  the  system  is 
strictly  carried  out.  The  angle  of  pitch,  length 
of  sides  of  thread,  diameter  of  bolt  at  bottom 
of  thread,  and  width  of  flattening  at  top  and 
bottom,  are  all  equally  necessary  in  order  to 
secure  good  fitting  and  interchangeability.  This 
may  be  obtained  by  the  use  of  a  proper  gauge 
for  grinding  the  tools  for  cutting  the  threads, 
and  by  having  all  taps  and  dies  conform  exactly 
to  the  standard.  A  more  detailed  account  of 
the  Sellers  system,  illustrated  with  cuts  show- 
ing the  form  of  threads,  bottom  of  gauge,  etc., 
will  be  found  in  the  Car-Builder  for  August, 
1S77,  and  also  in  "  Forney's  Catechism  of  the 
Locomotive." — The  National  Car-Builder. 


Steel  Nails. — That  iron  is  slowly  but  surely 
being  supplanted  by  steel  is  an  important  fact, 
but  probably  few  would  think  that  the  familiar 
wrought-iron  nail  is  destined  to  be  replaced  by 
a  steel  one.  Yet  this  appears  probable,  and 
Messrs.  Joues  Brothers  &  Co.,  of  Middles- 
borough,  are  entitled  to  the  credit  of  being  pio- 
neers in  this  improvement.  The  difference  in 
price  between  steel  and  iron  is  of  absolutely  no 
consequence  in  an  article  of  this  kind,  while 
the  superiority  in  quality  is  in  many  cases  of 
considerable  importance.  The  nails  which  we 
have  seen  are  of  several  varieties,  and  the 
toughness  of  the  metal  is  very'  remarkable.  A 
nail  selected  at  random  is  capable  of  being  bent 
upon  itself  cold,  while|itia  firm  enough  to  go  into 
the  hardest  wood.  Considerable  pains  is  taken 
by  the  makers  to  give  not  only  a  good  head,  but 
a  good  shape  throughout  the  length,  so  as  to 
avoid  the  wedge  action  of  too  many  cut  nails, 
which  tends  to  split  the  wood  in  which  they  are 
being  driven  just  at  a  critical  moment.  These 
nails  are  made  by  special  machinery,  which  cer- 
tainly seems  to  do  its  work  very  well,  and  they 
are  in  every  respect  well  worth  a  trial  by  all 
who  are  dissatisfied  with  the  nails  commonly 
sold. 


Iron  Galvanizing  Furnace. — In  galvaniz- 
ing iron  the  main  point  to  ensure  a  uniform  coat- 
ing of  zinc  is  the  maintenance  of  a  thin  bath  of 
metal.  Unfortunately  the  zinc  absorbs  iron, 
thickens,  and  as  the  temperature  must  be  rap- 
idly raised,  when  it  does  so  this  absorption  goes 
on  increasing  until  the  metal  is  unfit  for  further 
use.  This  is  aggravated  by  the  fact  that  the 
metal  is  melted  in  cast  or  wrought-iron  vessels 
heated  from  below.  Iron  says  that  in  order  to 
avoid  the  disadvantages  of  iron  vessels,  and  yet 
retain  ample  working  space  above  the  surface  of 
the  metal,  F.  A.  Thum,  of  Laubach,  Germany, 
has  constructed  a  furnace  resembling  somewhat 
a  reverberatory  furnace.  It  has  a  fireplace  and 
a  chimney  at  each  end,  the  part  of  the  hearth 
connecting  the  two  being  arched  over.  The  rest 
of  the  rectangular  hearth  is  perfectly  open 
above,  so  that  the  heat-conducting  power  of  the 
metal  is  relied  upon  to  keep  it  at  the  proper 
temperature  in  that  part  of  the  hearth.  The 
slabs  of  fresh  zinc  are  introduced  through  doors 
communicating  with  the  hot  ends.  The  stay- 
ing of  the  furnace  has  to  be  very  strong,  in  or- 
der to  prevent  any  accidents  to  the  arching 
over  the  ends  of  the  hearth. 


Railroad  Patents. — It  is  said  that  there  are 
now  more  than  165,000  American  patents  alive 
which  relate  to  devices  used  for  railroad  pur- 
poses— 1,700  of  which  are  upon  car-couplers. 


Mountain  Making— How  the  Alps  Were 
Formed— Geological  Theory. 

Prof.  Judd,  of  the  Royal  School  of  Mines, 
London,  gave  recently  an  interesting  explana- 
tion ol  the  formation  of  the  Swiss  Alps.  The 
results  of  geological  observations,  he  said,  show 
that  four  stages  can  be  recognized  in  the  history 
of  these  Alps.  First*  tho  existence  of  a  line  of 
weakness  in  the  earth's  crust  nearly  coincident 
with  the  line  of  the  present  mountains.  This 
is  evidenced  by  the  fact  that  along  this  line  of 
weakness  there  were  volcanic  outbursts,  the  re- 
sult of  which  can  still  be  traced.  Secondly, 
there  followed  along  this  line  of  weakness  a  de- 
pression, and  in  this  huge  "trough"  of  miles  in 
extent  there  accumulated  sands,  limestones, 
and  clays  by  various  forms  of  water  agencies, 
and  by  animals  living  in  the  waters.  Thirdly, 
there  followed  the  consolidation  of  these  soft 
and  loose  materials.  There  is  evidence  that 
the  accumulation  was  of  from  six  to  seven  miles 
in  thickness,  and  the  mere  weight  of  the  super- 
incumbent material  on  the  lower  strata  would 
have  a  share  in  effecting  consolidation.  But 
this  was  not  all.  Under  this  vast  covering 
heat  had  led  to  crystallization  from  fusion. 
There  was,  too,  the  crushing  in  from  the  Bides 
of  the  trough.  This  was  illustrated  by  a  model 
of  the  late  Sir  H.  de  la  Beche,  where  lateral  pres- 
sure was  employed  on  layers  of  different  colored 
cloth,  showing  how  crumpling  resulted,  with 
uplifting  of  parts  of  the  accumulated  mass. 
Fourthly,  there  had  been  the  sculpturing  of  all 
this  into  its  present  form,  which  was  the  work 
of  rains  and  frosts.  Some  of  the  existing  peaks, 
even  3,000  feet  high,  were  composed  entirely  of 
the  disintegrated  material  resulting  from  the 
action  of  the  water,  either  as  ice  in  glaciers  or 
as  rain  and  streams.  The  amount  of  material 
removed  in'this  was  so  stupendous  that  it  was 
almost  staggering  to  try  to  grasp  the  facts.  The 
sculpturing  of  the  contours  is  still  going  on. 
This  fourth  stage  was  of  quite  recent  date, 
speaking  geologically;  but  the  whole  history 
involved  a  lapse  of  time  which  at  the  beginning 
of  this  century  philosophers  would  not  have 
been  prepared  to  grant,  even  if  the  since-ac- 
quired knowledge  of  facts  had  been  presented 
to  them. 

The  Light  from  Venus  and  Mercury. — 
Quite  a  singular  and  most  unexpected  discovery 
was  made  at  the  near  approach  of  these  two 
planets  in  September  last,  by  Mr.  James 
Nasmyth,  an  English  astronomer.  It  remains 
to  be  seen  whether  photography  or  spectrum 
analysis  will  some  day  give  us  the  key  to  the 
enigma.  The  fact  was  then  first  distinctly  ob- 
served that  there  is  a  great  difference  between 
the  degrees  of  brilliancy  emitted  by  these  two 
planets;  and,  that  while  Mercury  being  much 
nearer  the  sun  should  be  more  brilliant,-  just 
the  contrary  happens,  for  Venus  shines  with 
the  greater  luster.  On  the  26th  and  27th  of 
September  these  two  stars  were  near  enough  to 
be  embraced  within  the  field  of  the  lens  at  the 
same  time,  and  Mr.  Nasmyth  was  thus  enabled 
to  compare  the  brilliancy  of  Venus  to  polished 
silver,  and  that  of  Mercury  to  lead  or  zinc. 
The  reason  of  this  difference,  which  is  theoret- 
ically exactly  contrary  to  what  we  should  ex- 
pect, is  at  present  unexplainable. 

Liquefaction  of  Oxygen. — M.  Raoul  Pictet 
concludes  an  article  on  the  liquefaction  of  oxy- 
gen with  the  remark  that  his  investigations 
necessitated  an  unusually  large  number  of  ex- 
periments for  the  establishing  of  preliminary 
data,  and  these  he  obtained  by  the  aid  of  the 
Geneva  Society  for  the  Construction  of  Physical 
Instruments,  who  furnished  him  with  appar- 
atus worth  50,000  francs,  and  thereby  enabled 
him  to  work  out  results  with  perfect  accuracy. 
He  recommends  that  similar  apparatus  should 
be  provided  in  all  laboratories  as  an  "essential 
means  for  the  study  of  the  molecular  forces. 
Who  knows,*'  he  asks,  "but  what  crystalliza- 
tion and  certain  reactions  may  thereby  be 
placed  in  peculiarly  favorable  conditions  for 
further  investigation  ? " 

Electrical  Telegraphing  Without  Wires. 
Prof.  Loomis  continues  his  experiments  in 
the  mountains  of  West  Virginia,  to  demonstrate 
his  theory  that  at  certain  elevations  there  is  a 
natural  electric  current,  by  taking  advantage 
of  which  telegraphic  messages  may  be  sent 
without  the  use  of  wire.  It  is  said  that  he  has 
telegraphed  as  far  as  eleven  miles  by  means  of 
kites  flown  with  copper  wire.  When  the  kites 
reached  the  same  altitude,  or  got  into  the  same 
current,  communication  by  means  of  an  instru- 
ment similar  to  the  Morse  instrument  was  easy, 
but  ceased  assoon  as  one  of  the  kites  was  lowered. 
He  has  built  towers  on  two  hills  about  20  miles 
apart,  and  from  the  tops  of  them  has  run  steel 
rods  into  the  region  of  the  electric  current. 


Immense  Glacial  Remains. — Prof.  T.  V. 
Hayden  says  that  on  the  east  side  of  Wind 
River  peak,  Wyoming  Territory,  and  on  the 
east  base  of  Fremont  peak,  the  remains  of  the 
huge  glaciers  which  once  covered  the  region 
have  been  discovered.  On  the  west  side  of 
Wind  River  range,  the  moraines  and  glaciated 
rocks  were  found  on  an  immense  scale.  He 
thinks  that  on  this  side  a  glacier  must  have 
formerly  existed  having  a  length  of  SO  miles 
and  a  width  of  12  miles  with  arms  extending  up 
the  gorges  of  the  streams  to  the  very '  water 
divide. 


Is  the  Subdivision  of  Electric  Light  a 
Fallacy?— Mr.  W.  H.  Preece,  the  eminent 
electrician  and  manager  of  the  English  postal 
telegraph  system,  contributes  a  paper  to  the 
Philosophical  Magazine,  iu  which  he  points  out 
that  the  theory  of  the  electric  light  cannot  be 
brought  absolutely  within  the  domain  of  quan- 
titative mathematics,  for  the  reason  that  we  do 
not  yet  know  the  exact  relationship  existing  be- 
tween tho  production  of  heat  and  the  emission 
of  light  with  a  given  current.  We,  however, 
know  sufficient  to  predicate  that  what  is  true 
for  the  production  of  heat  is  equally  true  for  the 
production  of  light  beyond  certain  limits.  He 
shows  that  the  full  effect  of  a  current  can  only 
be  obtained  by  one  lamp  on  a  short  circuit,  and 
that  when  we  add  to  the  lamps  by  inserting 
more  of  them  on  the  same  circuit,  or  on  a  cir- 
cuit so  that  the  current  is  subdivided,  the 
light  emitted  by  each  lamp  is  diminished  in  the 
one  case  by  the  square,  and  in  the  other  case 
by  the  cube,  of  the  number  inserted.  With 
dynamo-electric  machines  there  is  a  limit  which 
has  to  be  reached  before  this  law  begins  to  act, 
and  it  is  this  fact  that,  in  Mr.  Preece's  opinion, 
has  led  so  many  sanguine  experimenters  to 
anticipate  the  ultimate  possibility  of  extensive 
subdivision  of  the  light — a  possibility  which  bo 
considers  hopeless,  and  which  experiment  has 
hitherto  proved  to  be  fallacious. — Scientific 
American. 


The  Electric  Light  Dangerous.— Mr.  J. 
M.  Stearnes,  Jr.,  of  Brooklyn,  points  out  a 
novel  source  of  danger  possible  with  the  electric 
light,  namely,  its  effect  upon  the  nernous  sys- 
tem. He  says:  "The  very  high  penetrating 
power  of  light  waves  from  incandescent  metal 
or  carbon  heated  by  electricity  is  well  known. 
It  is  bo  high,  indeed,  that  the  shadows  cast  by 
the  light  are  blacker  than  Erebus,  indicating  an 
immense  absorption  of  force  by  the  intervening 
objects,  and  to  a  large  extent  destroying  their 
reflection  and  diffusion,  as  is  the  case  with 
lights  of  lesser  tension.  A  reflector  used  with 
an  electric  or  calcium  Light  does  not  produce 
anything  like  a  corresponding  effect  as  when 
used  with  a  common  gas  flame,  as  persons 
familiar  with  calcium  lights  well  know.  And  it 
follows,  therefore,  that  the  black  shadows  of 
the  electric  flame  must  be  due  to  the  absorption 
of  light  waves.  Now,  in  the  light  of  an  electric 
arc  or  incandescent  lamp,  one  is  to  be  subjected 
to  a  very  powerful  stimulant  Irom  the  mere  ob- 
struction which  his  body  affords.  Our  eyes 
cannot  bear  it  all,  and  there  is  no  reason  to 
doubt  that  every  nervous  tissue  will  feel  its  use. 
We  have  already  in  this  climate  enough  of 
nervous  stimulation,  and  a  fearful  catalogue  of 
nervous  diseases,  arising  from  too  much  force." 

Geological. — The  Polytechnic  Bevieio  learns 
through  a  private  letter  from  Dr.  T.  Sterry 
Hunt,  that  the  Geological  Congress  at  Paris 
was  a  great  success.  There  were  260  members 
present ;  and  various  committees  were  formed, 
the  work  of  which  will  prove  highly  important 
and  .  useful.  Arrangements  were  made  for  a 
Congress,  to  be  held  in  1881,  at  Bologna.  From 
another  source  we  learn  that  Dr.  Hunt  has 
returned  from  England,  and  will  spend  the 
winter  in  Montreal,  Canada,  where,  as  scientific 
men  will  be  interested  to  hear,  he  expects  to 
devote  himself  to  important  scientific  investiga- 
tions. Before  leaving  England,  he  accepted  an 
invitation  to  deliver  two  lectures  at  Cambridge 
— a  graceful  and  merited  recognition  of  the 
ability  and  reputation  of  an  American  savant. 


Instantaneous  Photographs. — The  success 
of  Mr.  Muybridge  of  this  city,  in  taking  a 
number  of  instantaneous  photograplts  of  a  horse 
at  full  speed  have  attracted  much  notice,  not 
only  at  home  but  also  abroad.  M.  Marey,  in 
La  Nature,  who  has  made  extended  investiga- 
tions upon  the  subject  of  the  analysis  of  animal 
motions,  appears  to  have  been  greatly  struck  by 
the  pictures  of  Mr.  Muybridge,  and  believes 
that  his  success  provides  an  admirable  means  of 
studying  in  every  successive  position  of  motion 
the  very  difficult  problem  of  the  flight  Oi  birds. 
' ( What  beautiful  zootropes, "  he  suggests, 
'  'might  be  obtained  by  this  method.  We 
might  see  in  their  true  paces  all  sorts  of  animals; 
it  would  be  a  sort  of  animatic  zoology.  As  to 
artists,  it  is  a  revelation  for  them;  for  it  furnishes 
the  true  attitudes  of  motion;  those  positions  of 
the  body  in  unstabled  equilibrium  in  which  a 
model  cannot  'pose.'  "  In  connection  with  this 
last  point,  it  may  be  of  interest  to  notice  that 
many  of  the  attitudes  exhibited  by  Mr.  Muy- 
bridge's  pictures  are  very  unlike  the  stereotype 
ideal. 


Soalr  and  Artificial  Heat. — Prof.  S.  P. 
Langely,  Director  of  the  Alleghany  Observatory 
in  addition  to  the  routine  work  connected  with 
the  institution  over  which  he  presides,  has 
lately  been  busily  engaged  in  completing  a 
direct  experimental  comparison  between  the 
heat  of  the  sun  and  the  highest  heat  attain- 
able in  the  arts.  The  result  of  his  investiga- 
tions indicate  that  the  sun's  intrinsic  heat  is 
almost  beyond  comparison  greater  than  that  of 
any  blast  furnace,  and  far  larger  than  has  been 
reckoned  by  the  French  physicists. 

Mr,  Lockyer's  Recent  Paper.  —The  last 
number  of  the  Amencan  Journal  of  Science 
contains  Prof.  Lockyer's*  paper  in  full,  on  the 
"Dissociation  of  the  Elements,"  as  read  before  - 
the  Royal  Society  of  London,  on  the  12th  of  De- 
cember last.  The  paper  is  entitled  by  the 
author,  a  "Discussion  of  the  Working  Hypoth- 
esis that  the  so-called  Elements  are  Compound 
Bodies."    The  paper  is  quite  fully  illustrated. 


116 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[February  22,   1879. 


Table  of  Highest  and  Lowest  Sales 
S.  F.  Stock  Exchange. 


Name  of 
Company. 

Week 
Ending 
Jan.  30. 

Week 
KiMlititr 
Feb.  6. 

Week  1    Week 
Emlins 'Ending 
Feu.  13.  Feb.  •»«. 

Al  ha 

153      14 
Si        75 
50c     45c 

70c     60c 

1*    1.20 
6"        45 

70c      55c 

22        21} 
81       7j 

75c    .... 

20c     15c 
8         7i 
65       45 

14J      14J 

75c    .... 

50c    .... 

40c      30c 

3      2.80 

91        93 

3.10        2S 

48J      46 

17i      153 

1.10    1.05 

84       7 

51       5} 

10c       5c 

25c     20c 
271      261 
68       Si 
25c      15c 

45    4.05 
5c    .... 

6  .... 
30c     25c 
141      125 
18J      16) 

2      1.95 
1.65       li 

20c     15c 

l.SO      11 

5.90       31 

41       4" 

7J       7 

6!       5J 
40c     20c 

75c     60c 
2S       li 
50c      25c 
70c      45c 
1      .... 

60c      50c 
60c      30c 
3.60       3j 
5         45 
60c     35c 

383      341 

3r    .... 

n    6 

1       65c 

7  65 

35c     25c 

I  60c 
35i      331 
50c    .... 
11       101 

50c     35c 

8  63 
50c    .... 

'148    '13J 

22 

491     '46J 

2.30       2 

7      .... 

"ii     '75c 
2"       IJ 

1.45       1 
65c     50c 
25c    .... 

60c    .... 
70c     55c 

II  1.30 
1.20    .... 

45c      40c 
63       59 
Ml      175 

'85c    '75c 
20c     15c 

'21'    "19! 

184      15 
8,       7J 
50c    .... 

65c     60c 

1*       li 

64       58 

21        19  1  21        155 

81       7(1    78       7 

Baltimore  Con 

80c     50c 
70c     55c 

1!       1 
81       61 

50c      65c 

1       .... 

84       75 

80c     70ci  50c     45c  55c     50c 

24i      21J 
S*       78 
75c     .... 

"8'     "75 
51        5 
15        14J 

75c     60c 
55c      50c 
40c      20c 

2.95        21 
98       li 

4.30    2.95 
49        46} 

20        154 

1.20    1.05 

88       78 

61       5J 

10c    .... 

30c     20c 
29    "27 
61       5J 
15c     10c 

41       4i 

55        5j 
35c      30c 
14}      12j 
19       155 

2}        2 
1.85       15 

15c      10c 

1.65        1} 

1.05        3) 

4      3.80 

71       7 

75      H 

25c     20c 

1.30     70c 

2  1! 
85c     15c 
75c      60c 
60c    .... 

50c    .... 

3.60       3i 
5}       5 
60c     45c 

375      36 

3  .... 
94       7 

1.10     70c 
■8         55 

35c    *20c 

1  .... 
345      33j 
50c      35c 
105      101 
10c       5c 

40c     30c 

6         6} 
75c    .... 

H      90c 
158      13} 

48'     '46' 
24    1.90 
10       .... 

"ii  iloj 

2  li 
1.80       li 

70c      60c 
25c    ... 

65c     50c 
55c      50c 
2      ... 
15       1} 
1)      85c 
45c      35c 
585      57 
183      171 

85c    '70c 
20c      15c 
40c     25c 

25i   ,'i9. 

26        24 
9         8} 

80c      50c 

20c    .... 
8}       75 
6          5} 

18       16 

65c     60c 
45c     25c 
45c      40c 
35       3 
8         75 
5}       4 
492      48 

23       175 

1.35    1.20 

8         74 

6J       5j 

50c    .... 
15c      10c 

40c      30c 
303      295 
7i       65 
25c      10c 

6  4.60 
5c    .... 

5}    .... 
45c      25c 
15}      145 
21}     18} 

2}        2j 
1.40        11 

15c      10c 

1.80       11 

44       4} 

5|        4 

7  65 

8  6} 
25c      10c 

2  1.20 
2}    1.80 

90c     85c 
75c      50c 
80c     50c 

31       3 

61        51 

60c  ...: 

405      37} 

3  21 
111.       81 

1.10      85c 
81       75 

'26c    '.'.'.'. 

42'     '341 
50c      40c 
12       11} 

35c     25c 

8         6 
60c    .... 

'if     'i5S 
214      23 
49       405 

2.90       25 

25}      24 
88        75 

70c      55c 

30c     .... 

71       2] 

53        5 

18        165 

1.05      65c 
1.40     80c 

45c      55c 

3.10    2.90 

75       1'i 

3.95        3 

Con  Imperial 

495      48 

175      155 

1.35    1.05 

75       7} 

61       6 

50c    .... 
10c    .... 

Day.....:. 

35c     30c 
30       293 

7         6 
20       15 

55       5 
5c    .... 

13         54 

Hale  ft  Norcross — 

145      13} 
188      17 
2}       2 

li       1 

Independence 

Julia 

2     1.80 

4.20    3.90 

54       5} 

6}       53 

1.90       14 

Martin  White 

5      .... 

405      38} 

'ii}   "9' 

North  Con  Virginia. 

Northern  Belle..., 

New  Coso 

Navajo 

10         9 

25c     '26c 

42        39} 

Panther. . , 

Raymond  &  Ely 

30c      25c 
6!        6J 

Rough  &  Ready 

158   'ii' 

25       24 
49       461 
2.70    2.40 

Sierra  Nevada 

Silver  Hill 

Silver  King 

Silver  Prize  

11       1 
2}    1.95 
IS    1.60 
70c      65c 
25c    .... 

95c     75c 
50c    .... 

1.78       15 

"i'     '65c 

1.60    1.40 
60c      55c 
30c     .... 

75c    .... 
1.70    1.40 

St.  Louig 

Tioga  Con 

Til.  top 

Trojan 

Union  Con 

TJtah 

Vermont  Con 

1.15       1 
45c     35c 
62       61 

191      173 

l'30     '85c 
20c      15c 
30c    ... 

'275  "213 

1}      90c 
35c      25c 
68       61 
18       16 

i!io  i'.ib 

20c     15c 
I'jjj     '265 

White  Cloud 

Yellow  Jacket. 

Sales  at  S.  F.  Stock  Exchange. 


Friday  A.  91, 

285  Andes 

240  Alta 7t@7h 

205  Alpha 18(918* 

1 260  Beat  ft  Belcher. .  .25@2K 

1485  Bullion 8J@8g 

550  Baltimore  Con 1 

1900  Belcher 7Z@8J 

760  Benton 5!<95| 

140  Con  Virginia 72<97» 

225  California 71®>U 

220  Crown  Point .'61 

4565  Con  Imperial. .i.l5@l,lQ 

375  Caledonia 3.10 

290  Con  Dorado 05u---7He 

465  Confidence 17V1^ 

1015  Challenge 3 .  SO."" ;; .  lir. 

50  Chollar 48 

510  Dardanelles s 

1790  Exchequer 7«fG|] 

350  Flowery HH».i'ir 

340  Gould  &  Curry 143 

300  Geo  Douglas 60c 

430  Hale  &  Nor 130*182 

125  Justice 5i>;il 

765  Julia 4.10 

210  Kentuck 6i 

1250  Lady  Bryan 1.70 

400  Leviathan 

500  Mexican , 

100  Mackey 

275  North  Con  Vir 9B@9g 

350  N  Bonanza ljj 

250  New  York S;">:«Su< 

250  Overman 12@llj 

400  Ophir 3x\w.vx 

1335  Phil  Sheridan.... 3(Ji<r'LV.c 

-    100  Senator 55c 

45  Seg  Belcher 240*25 

110  Sierra  Nevada 47 

365  Savage 15@15| 

1350  Silver  Hill 2.C0i«2.40 

1670  Solid  Silver 60c 

2150  Succor %cw  I 

345  Scorpion .LW<  I .  lii'i 

75  Union  Con 614 

800  Wells-Fargo 15@20c 


Feb.  14.1010  "Ward I.20@l> 

56«960c  740  Yellow  Jacket.. ..21{r«'21v 

A.FTERN.OON  SESSION. 

650  Argenta 65@60c 

500  Belle  Isle 30c 

100  Bechtel 65c 

225  Bodie 7*@7g 

100  Belmont 50c 

110  Belvidere 1@1.40 

40  Bulwer. 164 

200  C  Pacific U<^1.45 

200  Dudley 80c 

450  Day 30c 

85  Eureka  Con 30 

350  Endowment 20c 

1600  Fourth  of  July.. .  .35(940c 

50  Golden  Terra .5J 

300  Goodshaw 45c 

330  Grand  Prize., 5@51 

100  Gila „5c 

£00  Hussey..* 15c 

200  Hamburg 70c 

180  Hillside 2J@2' 

1350  Highbridge li@1.20 

390  Independence 1.900*2 

235  Jackson 7£ 

150  Leopard 90c 

125  M  White 51 

400  McCUnton 50c 

350  Minn  ietta  BeUe 10c 

215  Mono 2 

295  Manhattan 2J@2j 

290  Navajo 25c 

550  Paradise 2.10 

30  Raymond  ft  Ely...6|@6J 
100  Richer 65c 

65  Real  del  Monte 4 

320  SBodie 30c 

330  Summit 2}@2.15 

550  S  Bulwer. 55@60c 

3000  Tuscarora 5c 

50  Tiptop 1.10 

!60  Tioga  Con 1.700*1.60 

Saturday  A.M.,  Feb.  15. 

165  Alpha 17@16-2 

120  Alta. 7* 

110  Andea 50<960c 


600  Albion 50c 

275  Argenta 65c 

500  Adenda 75c 

140  Be3t  ft  Belcher 

1475  Belcher 

275  Booker aotgauc 

545  Bodie 21(92£ 

530  Benton 5g@5A 

95  Bulwer .".1? 

350  Belvidere 1 

100  Belmont 45c 

300  Bechtel 70c 

300  Con  Virginia 73. 

165  California 72@7( 

369  Confidence I6j 

35  Chollar 48(9483 

230  CrownPoint 6g@6i 

1200  Con  Imperial 1.10 

230  Challenge 3.70@3.65 

845  Caledonia 3(93.10 

190  Con  Dorado 70c 

1000  Caledonia  (B  H) U 

50  Dayton 50c 

340  Dardanelles 5J@5J 

300  Dudley 80@75c 

260  Day 30c 

1660  Exchequer 6i@68 

385  Eureka  Con 300*292 

750  Endowment 20c 

1850  Flowery 35(940c 

200  Fourth  July 35c 

315  Gould  &  Curry...  142@14i 

1360  Graud  Prize 5S@5§ 

160  Golden  Terra .^.6 

410  H  ft  Norcross 

100  Hussey 15c 

400  Hillside I* 

235  Independence 1.95@! 

355  Justice 5. 

1005  Julia 4.15(94.20 

255  Jackson 6 

50  Kentuck 6} 

835  Leviathan 600*65c 

425  L  Bryan 1.65@1.70 

80  Leopard * 95c 

285  Lady  Wash...  .1.70@1.90 

100  Leeds 75c 

560  Mexican 39J(940i 

200  Mackey 2.85 

100  May  Belle .10c 

445  Manhattan 

550  Mono 2(«1.95 

50  McCUnton 40c 

100  MWhite 5 

200  Navajo 25c 

390  N  Con  Virginia. . .  .9^(993 

500  New  York 80iffi75c 

800  N  Bonanza... .1,900*1.85 
220  Northern  Belle.. . .  >9g@10 

1415  Ophir 42(j*41^ 

260  Overman 11  J@ll: 

200  Plutus 1l 

450  Phil  Sheridan 30c 

65  Paradise 2@2.15 

30  Raymond  &  E 6i 

30  Real  dpi  Monte 34 

200  Santiago 2.10 

370  Savage 15J@1E 

1420  Succor 90c@l 

275  Sierra  Nevada 47 

380  Silver  Hill 2.60@2.65 

50  Silver  King 91 

650  Solid  Silver 60c 

150  Scorpion li 

500  S  Bulwer 60c 

50  South  Bodie 30c 

300  Summit 

100  Trojan 

450  Tiptop H 

50  Tioga 1.60 

50  Tuscarora 

170  Union  Con 611 

65  Utah 17@16$ 

550  Ward 1.200*14 

400  Wells-Fargo ..15c 

1060  Yellow  Jacket.  ...22io>21i 
Hominy  A.  M„  Feb.  IT. 

180  Alta 71 

110  Alpha 152 

25  Ande3 _50c 

320  Best  &  Belcher. . .  .2410*24 

930  Belcher 7M97f 

1910  Bullion 72@7l 

260  Benton 5i(95a 

20  Chollar 48 

540  California 72 

420  Con  Virginia 7fi@7i 

405  Crown  Point 64(96i 

2215  Con  Imperial 1.05(31 

625  Challenge 31@3 

260  Caledonia 2.90@2_.95 

120  Confidence 15A@16 

100  C  Dorado 60c 

740  Dardanelles 5^(95} 

1895  Exchequer. 

300  Flowery 35c 

450  Gould  ii  Curry. . .  .14(9148 

255  Hale  &  Nor 17*0*17i 

730  Justice 5j@5j 

940  Julia 4".05@4.1(J 

55  Kentuck ~" 

805  Lady  Bryan I.'    _ 

525  Leviathan 6?®55c 

620  Mfcxican 

100  Mackey 

210  North  Con  Vir.... 

590  N  Bonanza 1.80(913 

390  New  York 80c 

750  Ophir 

385  Overman lli(911J, 

1150  Phil  Sheridan 250*30c 

200  Plutus ......11 

650  Solid  Silver 60c 

260  Savage 14g@14J 

20  SierraNevada.. 

245  Silver  Hill 

600  Succor 95c 

150  Scorpion .  ..li 

200  Santiago 2.10 

200  Trojan 35c 

30  Utah , 

50  Union  Con 

250  Wells-Fargo 20c 

500  Ward 1.20(91; 

425  Yellow  Jacket, .  .202,<920J 

AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

400  Adenda ._.75c 

380  Argenta 

800  Albion 50c 

100  Bodie 71 

50  Bechtel 65c 

400  Booker 40@45c 

350  Belvidere 1 

250  Bulwer 17£ 

50  Black  Hawk .65c 

260  Con  Pacific li 

1500  Caledonia  (B  H) H 

300  Day 300*35c 

425  Dudley 

200  DeFrees 10c 

125  Eureka  Cou 30 

500  Endowment 20c 

115  Grand  Prize 53(95* 

490  Goodshaw 45@50c 

135  Golden  Terra. 
500  Giant  ft  O  A. 

600  Hussey. 

275  Hillside 

1210  Highbridge.. 
160  Independence.. 1,90@1.95 

90  Jackson 7 

100  Leeds ...80c 

ISO  Leopard ! 

450  Manhattan 2 

125  Mono 2(_ 

220  McCUnton 70(960c 

125  Northern  Belle.. 

200  Navajo .. 

550  Paradise 2i@2.15 

50  Real  del  Monte 34 

70  Star 75c 

200  SBodie 30c 

200  S  Bulwer. 
S60  Summit.. 

20  Silver  King 9j 

140  Tioga  Con 1.60@1.70 

650  Tiptop 1.100*1 

Tuesday  A.  91.,  Feb.  IS. 

180  Alpha 1730*1: 

305  Alta 7*0*71 

260  Andes... 


..10@15c 
1 


105  Best  ft  Belcher. .  ,24J@24S 

1305  Belcher 73 

1310  Bullion 720*7f 

935  Benton 5J@5 

405  California .-72 

330  Caledonia 3 

635  Con  Virginia 7fiO*7i 

3125  Con  Imperial,.  1.050*1. 10 

20  Chollar. 48 

375  Crown  Point 6J@6i 

360  Confidence 16 

325  ChaUenge 3£@3.40 

300  Dardanelles 4@41 

2230  Exchequer 6§0*6g 

100  Flowery 35c 

150  Gould  ft  Curry...  1410*143 

400  Geo  Douglas 55@60c 

320  H  ft  Norcross 173 

610  Justice 5j 

960  Julia 4.150*4.10 

20  Kentuck 6 

250  Kossuth 15c 

1585  Lady  Bryan 1J@1.55 

75  Lady  WaBh 1.90 

470  Leviathan 55c 

230  Mexican 39*0*39£ 

200  Mackey 3.15 

475  New  York 80@85c 

305  North  Con  Vir..  .-10j«glli 
705  N  Bonanza.. ..1.800*1.90 

1330  Ophir 40£@42 

205  Overman 11$ 

100  Phil  Sheridan 30c 

15  Seg  Belcher 26J 

525  Sierra  Nevada 48 

695  Savage 15@15£ 

485  SUverHill 2.65(*2.70 

600  Succor 90@80c 

470  Scorpion 1^0*1.40 

300  Santiago 21 

900  Solid  Silver 55@60c 

150  Trojan 30c 

170  Utah 161@16} 

260  Union  Con 6240*68 

300  Wells-Fargo 15c 

900  Ward U@1.30 

320  YeUow  Jacket... 2l£0*2ia 

AFTBRNUUN  SESSION.' 

850  Adenda 75c 

650  Argenta 65c 

10C  Albion 50c 

300  BeUelsle 30c 

215  Bodie 7j@7$ 

200  Broker 40c 

150  Bechtel 70@60c 

150  Belvidere 1 

300  Bulwer 17  J0*18 

150  Belmont 55c 

600  Black  Hawk 1(*1.05 

425  CPacinc 12@U80 

925  Caledonia  (B  H) 1.30 

110  Dudley 95c@l- 

370  DeFrees 10c 

50  Endowment 20c 

50  Eureka Oon.._ 30 

200  Fourth  July 30c 

200  Giant  ft  O  A 4 

450  Goodshaw 450*50c 

250  Grand  Prize 5@54 

400  Gila 5c 

100  Golden  Terra 7 

705  Hussey 10@15c 

2440  Highbridge: 1 

160  Hillside 2i 

240  Independence 1,90 

185  Jackson 7 

745  Leopard 90c@l 

365  Mono 20*1.90 

225  McCUnton 70@85c 

725  Manhattan. 3 

100  Miunietta  BeU 20c 

80  Northern  BeUe 91 

575  Navajo 20c 

90  Oriental oc 

400  Paradise 2J@2.2Q 

100  Real  del  Monte 4 

55  Raymond  ft  Ely 61 

700  SBodie 30c 

595  Summit 21@2.20 

200  S  Bulwer 550*6Uc 

25  Silver  King 91 

350  Tioga  Con 1 .  60(ctl| 

30 JO  Tuscarora 5c 

400  Tiptop 1 

IVed'sday  A.ll.,  Feb.  It>. 
150  Andes 55c 

1815  Alpha 18ft(g201 

100  Alta 710*76 

630  B  ft  Belcher 24M241 

2290  BuUion 7g@7* 

530  Belcher 7g0*7i 

600  Benton 5i@5 

20  Chollar 48J 

225  Con  Virginia U<g>7h 

400  California 7mH 

295  Crown  Point 6J0*6 

285  Caledonia 3(«2.95 

5/15  Con  Imperial.  .1.15(ffl. 20 

205  Confidence 1620*16$ 

120  Challenge 3J0*3.4U 

200  O  Dorado 30c 

2210  Exchequer Ql<g$l 

100  Flowery : 35c 

300  Geo  Douglas 60c 

300  Gould  ft  Curry. . .  ,14@13J 

345  Hale  &  Nor. 170*17} 

160  Justice 5i(«5i 

940  Julia 4<&3.90 

60  Kentuck 53@5J 

1C00  Leviathan 650*60c 

560  Lady  Bryan 1 .650*13 

300  Lady  Wash.... 1.60(6*1. 65 

260  Mexican 401@40i 

300  Mackey 3}0*3.15 

435  North  Con  Vir..l0£@10S 

465  New  York 70OJ61c 

10  N  Bonanza 1.90 

145  Overman lli@112 

345  Ophir 40Soj40* 

300  Plutus 1$ 

1800  Phil  Sheridan 25@30c 

9C0  Succor. 80a 

460  Savage 140141 

150  SNevada 48 

320  Scorpion lj@1.40 

980  Solid  Silver 55c 

200  SUverHill 2.60 

200  Trojan 30c 

120  Utah 17i@173 

380  Union 66i<&67i 

600  Wells-Fargo 15c 

450  Ward 1.30@U 

295  Yellow  Jacket... 21i@21g 

AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

1000  Albion 500*40c 

HtO  Argenta. 65c 

275  Bulwer 175@18 

315  Bechtel 60(fi65c 

360  Bodie 73@7$ 

100  Belvidere 90@80c 

960  Black  Hawk 75c(<*l 

100  Belle  Isle 30c 

600  Booker 35@45c 

1725  Caledonia  (B  H).13@1.70 

375  C  Pacific 13@1.80 

235  Dudley 65@70c 

70  Day 30c 

230  Eureka  Con 30 

1100  Endowment 20@15c 

300  Fourth  July 30c 

90  GrandPrize 5 

580  Goodshaw 45@50c 

100  Golden  Terra "' 

300  Giant  ft  O  A .1^1 

770  Highbridge 1 

450  Hussey 10@l5c 

100  Hamburg 70c 

495  Hillside 2$ 

20  Independence 1.30 

150  Jackson 7 

10  Leopard 

200  McCUnton 75c 

10  Manhattan 3 

150  MinniettaBell....200*25i 

245  Mono 1.90@2 

95  Northern  BeUe 91<&9 

600  Navajo 20c 

705  Paradise 2 .  300*2 .  35 

200  Real  del  Monte 3$ 

130  Raymond  ft  Ely. .  .6K#6£ 
150  Star 75c 


MINING  SHAREHOLDERS'  DIRECTORY. 


Compiled  every  Thursday  from  Advertisements  in  Mining  and  Scientific  Press  and  other  S.  F.  Journals. 
ASSESSMENTS-STOCKS  ON  THE  LISTS  OF  THE  BOARDS. 


Company. 
Bechtel  Con  M  Co 
Belcher  S  M  Co 
Best  ft  Belcher  M  Co 
Caledonia  S  M  Co 
Dudley  M  Co 

Florence  Blue  Gravel  M  Co 
Flowery  M  Co 
GUa  S  M  Co 
Goodshaw  M  Co 
Hussey  Con  G  &  S  M  Co 
Julia  Cou  M  Co 
Justice  M  Co 
K  K  ConsoUdated 
Leopard  M  Co 
Lady  Bryan  M  Co 
Martin  White  M  Co 
MayhelleCon  M  Co 
McCrackin  Con  M  Co 
Modack  Con  M  Co 
MonoGM  Co 
Navajo  M  Co 
North  Con  Virginia  M  Co 
Overman  S  M  Co 
Panther  M  Co 
PhilSheridanG&SCo 
Raymond  ft  Ely  M  Co 
Resolute  T  ft  M  Co 
Savage  M  Co 
Silver  Hill  M  Co 
SUver Prize  G  ftSMCo 
Ward  G  ft  S  M  Co 
Yellow  Jacket  S  M  Co 


Location.  No. 

California  1 

Nevada  17 

Washoe  13 

Nevada  26 

California  2 

California  3 

Nevada  1 

Nevada  3 

CaHfomia  21 

Nevada  7 

Nevada  8 

California  27 

Nevada  7 

Nevada  9 

Nevada  1 

Nevada  5 

California  2 

Arizona  2 

California  8 

Bodie  2 

Nevada  5 

Nevada  15 

Nevada  43 

Nevada  10 

Nevada  8 

Nevada  10 

California  1 

Nevada  37 
Nevada 
Nevada 

California 


5 

4 

3 

Nevada    31 


Amt 

Levied. 

Dblinq'nt.    Sale. 

Secret  art. 

Place  of  Business 

10 

Feb  18 

Mar  25 

Apr  15 

WmHLent 

309  Montgomery  at 

1  nil 

Feb  7 

Mar  12 

April  1 

Jno  Crockett 

203  Bush  st 

1  llll 

.Ian  3 

Feb  6 

Feb  26 

W  Willis 

309  Montgomery  st 

Ml 

Jan  31 

Mar  7 

Mar  28 

W  Wegener 

as 

Jan  29 

Mar  3 

Apr  1 

E  C  Masten 

309  Montgomery  st 

(13 

Jan  22 

Feb  25 

Mar  15 

F  A  McGee 

Merchants  Ei 

Ml 

Jan  29 

Mar  4 

Mar  21 

W  W  Stetson 

309  Montgomery  st 

25 

Jan  22 

Mar  3 

Mar  24 

Wm  W  Parish 

328  Montgomery  st 

III 

Jan  10 

Feb  20 

MarlO 

Victor  Fenibach 

327  Pine  »t 

In 

Jan  20 

Feb  26 

Mar  21 

R  H  Brown 

327  Pine  st 

1  llll 

Jan  21 

Feb  27 

Mar  19 

A  Noel 

■  419  California  st 

1  mi 

Jan  10 

Feb  15 

Mar  5 

K  E  Kelly 

419  California  st 

1  (K> 

Jan  3 

Feb  6 

Mar  5 

E  B  Minor 

310  Pine  st 

Ml 

Jan  3 

Feb  6 

Mar  28 

K  H  Brown 

327  Pine  st 

Ml 

Jan  2 

Feb  2 

Feb  24 

C  V  Hubbard 

Cosmopolitan  Hotel 

1  Ml 

Dec  14 

Jan  21 

Mar  22 

J  J  Scoville 

59  Nevada  Block 

III 

Jan  21 

Mar  12 

Mar  14 

G  A  Holclen 

301  Pine  st 

Ml 

Oct  22 

Jan  16 

Apr  7 

H  A  Whiting 

211  Sansome  st 

Ml 

Feb  13 

Mar  24 

Apr  15 

J  WPew 

310  Pine  st 

Ml 

Jau8 

Feb  12 
Mar  12 

Mar  4 

W  H  Lent 

309  Montgomery  st 
327  Pine  st 

Ml 

Feb  4 

April  3 

K  H  Brown 

1  llll 

Jan  18 

Feb  21 

Mar  13 

G  C  Pratt 

309  Montgomery  st 

,-f  llll 

Jan  28 

Mar  5 

Mar  26 

Geo  D  Edwards 

414  California  st 

III 

Jan  2 

Feb  6 

Feb  28 

J  W  Pew 

310  Pine  st 

l!i 

Jan  21 

Feb  24 

Mar  17 

D  L  Thomas 

203  Bush  st 

1  llll 

Jan  7 

Feb  12 

MarlO 

J  W  Pew  - 

310  Pine  st 

111 

Dec  28 

Mar  3 

Mar  31 

J  L  Fields 

240  Montgomery  st 

1  llll 

Feb  17 

Mar  11 

Mar  31 

E  B  Holmes 

309  Montgomery  st 

Ml 

Jan  3 

Feb  6 

Feb  28 

W  E  Dean 

203  Bush  st 

MS 

Febl 

Mar  6 

Mar  29 

W  H  Kedington 

111J  Leidesdorff  st 

Ml 

Jan  10 

Feb  14 

Mar  6 

Jacob  Stadtfcld 

419  California  Bt 

1  00 

Jan  15 

Feb  19 

Mar  19 

Mercer  Otey 

Gold  Ball  Nev 

OTHER  COMPAKTCES-NOT  ON  THE  LISTS  OF  THE  BOARDS. 


Advance  M  Co 

Argent  M  Co 

Black  Hawk  G  M  Co 

Booker  Con  G  M  Co 

BriUiant  M  Co 

Catawba  M  Co 

Carmelo  Bay  Coal  Co 

Day  S  M  Co 

Diana  G  ft  S  M  Co 

Fairfax  M  Co 

Godfrey  Gravel  M  Co 

Hackberry  M  ft  M  Co 

Jupiter  M  Co 

Mammoth  M  Co 

MariposaLandft  M  Co 

Mayflower  Gravel  M  Co 

McMUlcn  S  M  Co 

Mount  Hood  M  Co 

Nevada  Gravel  M  Co 

New  York  M  Co 

Noonday  M  Co 

North  Star  GM  Co 

Northern  Light  G  ft  S  M  Co 

Oriental  Con  G  ft  S  M  Co 

S  F  Petroleum  Co 

Slate  Creek  G  M  Co 

Summit  M  Co 

Vancouver  M  Co 

Wide  Awake  Prospecting  ft  M 


California  2 

Nevada  4 

California  4 

California  1 

Nevada  1 

California  1 

California  2 

Nevada  3 

Nevada  3 

Nevada  1 

CaUfornia  4 

Arizona  3 

California  2 

California  2 

California  15 

California  3 

Arizona  1 

Nevada  2 

California  5 

Nevada  18 

California  1 

California  1 

California  3 

California  2 

California  5 

California  1 

California  7 

Nevada  2 

Co       Ariz  6 


50  Dec  19 

30  Jan  21 

25  Dec  10 

15  Jan  29 

05  Jan  13 

20  Jan  3 

25  Dec  20 

05  Feb  6 

10  Feb  12 

15  Jan  25 
05  Jan  17 
50  Jan  17 
10  Feb  15 
20  Feb  12 

1  00  Jan  10 

10  Jan  15 

25  Nov  22 

15  Feb  3 

05  Dec  12 

40  Febl? 

10  Jan  2 

50  Jan  29 

10  Jan  23 

50  Feb  18 

16  Feb  6 
25  Jan  21 
05  Feb  4 
15  Feb  3 
04  Febl 


Jan  28 
Mar  3 
Jan  11 
Mar  6 
Feb  17 
Feb  6 
Feb  20 
Mar  15 
Mar  17 
Feb  28 
Feb  20 
Feb  24 
Mar  18 
Mar  19 
Feb  12 
Feb  20 
Feb  10 
Mar  8 
Jan  15 
Mar  25 
Feb  6 
Mai- 5 
Mar  3 
Mar  24 
Mar  11 
Mar  3 
Mar  11 
Mar  8 
Marl 


Feb  28 
Mar  25 
Feb  25 
Mar  26 

Mar  9 
Feb  24 
Mar  20 
April  8 

Apr  2 
Mar  20 

Apr  7 
Mar  14 
Apr  16 
Apr  10 
Mar  12 
Mar  12 

Mar  6 

Mar  28 

Feb  24 
Apr  15 

Feb  27 
Mar  26 
Mar  24 
April 
Mar  31 
Mar  31 
April  3 
Mar  23 
April  5 


B  Lengley  309  California  st 

R  H  Brown  327  Pine  st 

B  S  Kellogg  306  Pino  st 

W  H  Lent  309  Montgomery  st 

Wm  A  Van  VauBokkelen  309  Cal 

B  S  Kellogg  306  Pine  st 

John  Greif  636  Washington  st 

J  W  Pew  310  Pine  st 

J  T  McGeoghegan  316  Pine  s 


O  C  Miller 
J  M  Buffingtun 
N  C  Walton 
E  C  Masten 
A  W  Rose 
Leander  Leavitt 
J  Morizio 
A  (.'  McMeaus 

W  W  Bausnian 
J  Penteeost 
D  L  Thomas 
G  A  Holden 

D  A  Jennings 
S  F  Monroe 
Wm  R  Bentley 
Wendell  Easton 
J  L  Fields 
R  N  Van  Brunt 
W  W  Bausnian 
0  Hildcbrandt 


MEETINGS  TO  BE  HELD. 


Name  of  Company. 

Arizona-Utah  G  ft  S  M  Co 
Almaden  Quicksilver  M  Co 
Glasgow  S  M  Co 
Northern  King  lNFft  M  Co 
Pioneer  Con  M  Co 


Location.    Secretary. 

Arizona    O  H  Spencer 
California    John  F  Mahouey 
Nevada    Jno  Crockett 
Arizona    J  F  Glover 

J  M  Bufhngton 


Office  in  S.  F. 

408  California  st 

207  Sansome  Bt 

203  Bush  st 

318  Pine  St. 

309  California  st 


Annual 
Annual 
Annual 
Special 
Special 


426  California  Bt 

309  California  st 

324  Pine  st 

309  Montgomery  at 

302  Montgomery  st 

309  Montg'y  st 

328  Montgomery  st 

Safe  Deposit  Build 

409  California  st 

511  California  st 

203  Bush  st 

310  Pine  st 

401  California  Bt 

419  California  st 

327  Pine  at 

22  Montgomery  st 

240  Montgomery  st 

318  Pine  Bt 

409  California  st. 

232  Sutter  st 


Date 

Feb  28 
Feb  24 
Fob  25 
Mar  13 
March  5 


LATEST  DD7IDENDS-WITHIN    THREE    MONTHS 


Nank  of  Company. 
Bodie  G  M  Co 
California  M  Co 
Excelsior  W  ft  M  Co 
Eureka  Con  M  Co 
Golden  Star  M  Co 
Indian  Queen  M  ft  M  Co 
Independence  M  Co. 
New  York  Hill  G  M  Co 
Silver  King  M  Co 
Standard  G  MCo 


Location.  Secretary. 

California  W  H  Lent 

Nevada  C  P  Gotdon 

California  G  P  Thurston 

Nevada  W  \V  Traylor 

Arizona  J  W  Morgan 

California  A  K  Durbrow 

Nevada  R  H  Brown 

F  J  Herrmann 

Arizona  W  H  Bootbe 

California  W  Willis 


Office  in  S.  F. 

327  Pine  st 

23  Nevada  Block 

315  California  st 

37  Nevada  Block 

318  Pine  st 

G9  Nevada  Block 

327  Pine  st 

418  Kearny  st 

320  California  st 

309  Montgomery  st 


AllOUNT. 

]  00 
1  00 


25 
25. 
50 

1  00 


Jan  20 
Jnn  16 
Jan  CO 
Feb  20 
Dec  9 
Deo  17 
Nov  20 
Oct  24 
Oct- 22 
Feb  12 


260  Summit 2.65  I  450  Tiptop 90c@l 

480  S  Bulwer 60(<_'G5c  |  910  Tioga  Con 1.40@l> 

SALES  OF   LAST  WEEK  AND  THIS  COMPARED 

Thursday  A.M.,  Feb.  30. 

190  Alta 7 

145  Alpha 20 

50  Andes 60c 

95  Best&  Belcher.. 241(«24} 

2060  Bulhon 8(975 

150  Belcher 7fi 

345  Benton 5i@5 

390  Caledonia 2.95@2.90 

3210  Con  Imperial. .1.30@1. 20 


Tlmrsd'y  A.  M.,  B-Vlt.  13. 

170  Alta... 7ii@7S 

75  Andes 50<a25c 

115  Bestft  Belcher. ...25(925.' 

2235  Belcher 7g@8: 

2250  BulUon 8i@'88 

270  Benton 53(25$ 

240  California 7@7rf 

385  Con  Virginia 7£@7; 

1590  Crown  Point 6&@6t 

SdCboUar 4SJ(*48 

3975  Con  Imperial....  1.20@lj 

325  Confidence 18@17:" 

535  Caledonia 3@3.1; 

1290  Challenge 4@4.10 

100  Dayton 50c 

545  Dardenelles 5@4.90 

1950  Exchequer 6g@62 

2650  Flowery 45@50c 

215  Gould  &  Curry. . .  .15(ai4g 

200  Geo  Douglas 60c 

165  Hale  ft  Nor 181(9183 

30  Justice 5i' 

630  Julia 4; 

155  Kentuck 6i@6; 

30  Kossuth.... 
250  Lady  Wash. 
740  Lady  Bryan. 
930  Leviathan.. 

90  Mexican... 

100  Mackey 2.65 

300  New  Vork 85c 

430  North  Con  Vir 91@9J 

590  N  Bonanza 2(91.90 

150  Ophir 39 

580  Overman 113(912 

930  PhU  Sheridan 30c 

220  Sierra  Nevada. . .  .48i947J 
220  Savage 15j|(9158 

2710  Succor 1 

460  SUver  HU1 2.80@2J 

307  Scorpion 1.65@1.60 

1000  SoUd  Silver 70(965c 

100  Trojan 40c 

165  Union  Con 61}@61i 

1100  Wells-Fargo 15c 

435  Ward 1" 

1505  Yellow  Jacket..  .22 J@21 


..1.9Q@1.95 

13@1.80 

70@60r 

,  .39@383 


AFTERNOON  SESSION, 

Argenta 65c 

Albion.. 50c 

Bulwer 16  J 

Bodie 7g@7i 

Bechtel 60c 

Belmont 45@40c 

Booker 40i<r45c 

CPacinc li 

Caledonia  (BH).l I («d. 30 

Dudley 90c 

DeFrees 10c 

Day 40c 

Eureka  Con .. 

Endowmeu  t 20c 

Fourth  July ...30c 

Gila 5c 

Goodshaw 40@59o 

Grand  Prize 4j@44 

Hussey 10c 


. .  .20c 
....7S 

..3><3.7U 

....7^(97.'. 

..17>16-i 

..6J@6 


300  C  Dorado 

90  CaUfornia  . . . 
170  Challenge... i 
490  Con  Virginia. 
105  Confidence  . . 
230  Crown  Point. 

550  Dardanelles 3.20 

810  Exchequer 7(96g 

250  Flowery 40@35c 

200  Gould  ft  Curry 14J 

425  Geo  Douglas ". 60c 

270  Hale  &  Nor 17g@17| 

310  Justice 5*(£»5S 

1280  JuUa 4<&3.95 

35  Kentuck : 5g 

100  Kossuth 20c 

25  Lady  Wash 1.60 

620  L  Bryan 13(91 .70 

200  Leviathan 60c 

150  Mexican 403@101 

100  Mackey l\ 

600  New  York 60@65c 

180  N  Con  Virginia.  .102@10£ 

750  N  Bonanza 1.80 

180  Ophir 414@41 

310  Overman lli@ll 

1935  Phil  Sheridan  ,...30@25c 

300  Plutus 1.60 

100  SierraNevada 48J(«43 

675  Savage 14g(<cl4i 

485  Silver  Hill 2.60(92.55 

920  Succor 70<§65c 

610  SoUd  Silver = . .  55c 

950  Trojan 35@25c 

70  Utah 18(dl7* 

205  Union  Con 67i 

750  Wells-Fargo 15c 

900  Ward 1.40(91.35 

1260  YeUow  Jacket. . .  .22^(922 

AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

1030  Argenta 60@65c 

200  Albion 40c 

465  Belmont 40@50c 

100  Belvidere 70c 

80  Bodie 7g@7i 

100  Bulwer 17| 

650  Black  Hawk 90c(91 

405  Bechtel 60c 

1200  BeUelsle 30c 

150  Booker 40c 

465  C  Pacific » 2 

485  Caledonia  (B  H) . . . .  1J@2 

500  Dudley ,<.65@75c 

445  Day 30(935c 

200  DeFreea 10c 

1050  Endowment 15c 

50  Eureka  Con 28J@29 

1500  Fourth  July 30(935c 

30  GrandPrize 5 

570  Goodshaw 50c 

200  Giant  ft  O  A., 4.10 

50  Golden  Terra 8£ 

370  Hussey...... 25c 

700  Highbridge 90c@l 


10  Hamburg 70c 

150  Highbridge 1:' 

330  Hillside 2; 

1255  independence.. 1.90@1. 95 

390  Jackson 7@78 

100  Leeds 75c 

105  Martin  White 5£ 

600  Mono 2 

345  Manhattan 21@2j 

350  McClinton 50c 

150  Miunietta  Bell 10c 

300  Navajo 20@25cl  100 

60  Northern  Belle.... 8a(gS;«25 


70 


1050  Paradise. 

165  Real  Del  Monte 4 

300  Raymondft  Ely.. .61(90?, 

85  Silver  King 9 

200  S  Bulwer 60c 

50  SBodie 30c 

350  Summit 2.15(92.10 

1440  Tuscarora 5c 

895  Tioga  Con 1.60(91.80 

105  Tiptop 1.10@1.20 


HilMde 23 

Jackson 7\ 

Leeds 75c 

Leopard 80c 

Martin  White 84 

Mono 1.95(92 

Manhattan 3 

Minnietta  BeU 25c 

McClinton 75«*80o 

Northern  BeUe. . .  .8J@8J 

Navajo 20c 

Oriental 10c 

Paradise 2-'.(»2.05 

Raymond  ft  Ely 6 

Real  del  Monte 3i 

Summit 2j@2.30 

Star 65@75c 

Silver  King 94 

SBodie 30c 

S  Bulwer 50c 

Tiptop 1 

Tioga  Con 1.40(«H 

Tuscarora .5c 


Pacific  Board— Latest  Sales. 


Wwl'sday  A.M.,  Feb.  19. 

170  Alpha 20J@20 

25  Alta 7jf* 

150  Belcher 

20  BeBt  &  Belcher 24 

230  Bullion 73 

365  Con  Virginia 7g 

4600  Con  Imperial. ...1.20(9li 

40  ChoUar 48i@48J 

3S0  CrownPoint 6@6.05 

200  California 7i(S-7g 

50  Caledonia 2.95 

330  Exchequer 6$@6.80 

110  GouldiCurxy 14i 

150  Hale  ft  Nor 17i@173 

40  Justice 5iG»5j 

10  Kentuck *i 

100  Mexican 401@103 

140  Ophir 403(940]C 

50  Overman 113 

20  Savage 1+i 

30  Sierra  Nevada.. .  .48^(949 

70  SUver  Hill 2.60(^2.55 

50  Union  Con 67 

70  Yellow  Jacket 213 

A  FTERNOON  SESSION. 

210  Alta 7i@7g 

20  Andes 50c 

10  Alpha 201 

25  Bullion 8@75 


10  Belcher 7j 

25  Benton 54(95.15 

50  Bodie .....7i 

340  Con  Imperial.. ..1.30@l{ 

10  Caledonia 2.95 

5  Con  Virginia 72 

10  Confidence 17 

60  ChaUenge 3.70(93J 

90  Crown  Point 6i 

170  Exchequer  6fi 

200  Geo  Douglas 55c 

80  Justice 5jj(s5A 

150  Julia 3.90(93.95 

20  Kentuck 6 

250  L  Bryan 1.85@1.90 

50  Mackey 3g 

20  Mexican 41<g40i 

100  N  Bonanza.... 1.90(91. 95 
2t!0  New  York 60c  - 

10  Ophir 41 

200  Phil  Sheridan 26c 

H.Q  Paradise H 

370  S  Bulwer 65(9  COe 

40  SUverHill 2.55«12.C0 

150  Solid  SUver 6Cc 

50  Trojan 30c 

200  Tuscarora 5o 

50  Twin  Peaks 8c 

1050  Ward 1.30(91} 

200  WeUs-Fargo 15c 

40  Yellow  Jacket... 22g(922I 


California  Board —Latest  Sales. 


Wetf'MlnyA.M.,  Tcb.  i«», 

30  Alpha 18i@18j 

50  Alta 7*@7; 

500  jEtna.- 25t 

30  Best  ft  Belcher  .  .243(9245 

50  Belcher 73(ff7S 

30  Bullion 7} 

35  California 75 

20  Con  Virginia 7j 

410  Con  Imperial 1.15(914 

40  CrownPoint tii 

130  Challenge 3J 

190  Caledonia 3 


70  DardaneUes 31 

35  Exchequer 6i 

100  Endowment 19c 

100  Favorite 72ic 

30  Gould  ft  Curry. .  .14J@14i 

300  Gila 5c 

500  Globe 3c 

45  Hale  &  Norcross 17i 

40  Justice 5.40(95.45 

125  Julia 4 

100  Kossuth 20s 

30  Mexican 403 

75  Mackey 3.15 


February  22,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


117 


100  Miut ITc 

31(0  Newark 30"35c' 

40  Opblr 41 

350  Phil  Sheridan... 

1700  Pictou 

40  Bftvwct) HiiotHi; 

200  Santiago -i 

150  -Senator 40c 

110  .Silver  Hill 2.55 

•  m  Nevada 4?i 

ltXiO  Twin  Peaks 9@10c 

7000  U  Flag lc 

190  WuuJTllle 30c| 

500  Walt* 

35  Volluw  Jacket Ill 

AITLKNoON  nEDSION. 

100  Ai0t.1n.UT         4: 

300  Atlantic 50c 

30  Alpha 20 

30  Alt* 7l«*7i 

200   ADiiva  . . 

aU  Almadanq 9&g90c 

700  .P.tnn 85c 

50  Uiillliiii &£S1 

30  B        ..  iK-ld.cr Ml 

her 7J 

1  30  Con  Vlnrtnla "i 

...  Point 0J 

330  0  m  Imperial ....ii"i.3u 
4<t  t-iilffurula 71 


300  C-woC.m 5c 

BO  Caledonia 3 

,, 3.70 

loo  BnlerprtM 1 

40  Exchequer 7i 

60  Qould  t  Curry 14; 

129  G  Depeell    

400  lilnue S@3e 

300  UUa 5c 

30  Hal«  &  Nor 171 

150  Hiuwey 60c 

20  Julia 3.90 

40  Justice 5i 

150  K  K  Con 11 

120  La-ly  Bryan 1.80 

200  Mint  17618c 

BO  Mexican 40j<ffi0i 

:<"p  Newark. 23c 

1&1  Nen  York 0Oc 

4"  Ophlr 41 J 

B38  Phil  Sheridan 

30  Savage 14J 

30  Sierra  Novada 4a 

350  Santiago 21&24 

25  -Silver  Hill 2.55 

200  Tiger 87Jc 

1000  Twin  Peaks I5@10c 

loo  Ward 1.30 

W  Walee 2J 

loo  WollB-Pargo 16c 

30  Yellow  Jacket 23 


Mining  Share  Market. 

The  stock  market  seems  to  lack  symmetry. 
It  is  oat  of  shape,  irregular  in  its  movements 
and  uncertain  in  its  interests.  One  day  a  move 
is  made  in  a  particular  section  of  the  Comstock, 
and  the  market  becomes  euthusiatie,  then  all 
of  a  sudden,  without  warning  this  section  is 
dropped,  and  becomes  flat  and  dull,  while  an- 
other spot  is  chosen  to  go  through  the  Bame 
routine.  The  week  opened  very  quietly  and 
the  dullness  continued  throughout.  There  was 
an  occasional  wave,  but  it  was  scarcely  moro 
than  a  riffle.  Early  in  the  week  there  was  a 
slight  rise  in  Ophir  and  a  decline  in  Jacket  and 
Sierra  Nevada.  The  deal  in  Yellow  Jacket  seems 
to  have  worn  out  its  chief  manipulators2cn- 
tirely.  Desperate  efforts  have  been  made  to 
enthuse  the  market,  but  the  outside  is  decided- 
ly wary,  while  the  insiders  have  been  careful 
not  to  state  that  the  movements  are  based  on 
the  actual  development  of  the  mines,  they  have 
given  out  that  Eastern  men  are  liable  to  become 
good  customers,  and  that  along  the  Comstock 
there  never  were  better  indications,  etc.,  till 
some,  at  least,  have  been  led  to  invest.  Here, 
perhaps,  lies  the  secret  of  the  wavering  state  of 
the  market.  Everything  is  ''indications,"  and 
nothing  but  indications.  People  will  not  in- 
vest their  money  largely  on  the  mere  possibility 
thus  expressed.  At  the  close,  there  was  a 
slightly  firmer  condition  of  the  market,  with  a 
rise  in  Union  and  Sierra  Nevada. 


Bullion  Shipments. 

Since  our  last  issue,  we  have  noticed  the  fol- 
lowing bullion  shipments: 

Tybo  Con.,  Feb.  10th,  $4,277.54;  Christy 
Con.,  Feb.  11th,  S4.96S;  Highbridge,  Feb. 
14th,  S8.10S;  Hillside,  Feb.  15th,  85,020;  In- 
deoendence,  Feb.  17th,  §6,000;  Paradise  Valley, 
Feb.  17th,  $3,390;  Grand  Prize,  Feb.  16th, 
$12,500;  Ophir,  Feb.  10th,  §22,343.81;  15th, 
$23,I10.28;Con.  Virginia, Feb.  15th,  $41,696.70; 
Extra,  Feb.  4th  to  15th,  $7,326;  Christy  Con., 
Feb.  18th,    §6,199;  Hillside,  Feb.  19Lh,  §5,580. 


INING     JUMMARY. 


The  following  is  mostly  OOndenaed  from  journals  pub- 
lished iu  the  interior,  in  proximity  to  the  minea  meutii  >a<  •!. 


Artesian  Wells  for  Arizona. — We  have 
long  advocated  the  sinking  of  artesian  wells,  be- 
lievingthecharacter  of  our  valleysand  mountains 
warranted  the  belief  that  sinking  would  result 
in  success.  In  this  connection  our  many  readers 
will  no  doubt  be  happy  to  learn,  that  Col.  C.  P. 
Sikes,  manager  of  the  Calabasas  Land  and  Min- 
ing company,  has  just  completed  the  purchase 
of  a  complete  machinery  for  boring  of  artesian 
wells  upon  their  property  at  Calabasas,  and  it  is 
now  in  transit  from  Joliet,  111.,  and  expected  to 
arrive  here  some  time  next  month.  This  ma- 
chinery and  tools,  with  all  the  best  modern  im- 
provements and  appliances  for  drilling  rapidly, 
and  to  a  great  depth,  will  be  accompanied  by 
Mr.  Jas.  McQuiggle,  as  superintendent.  Mr. 
Jas.  McQuiggle,  we  learn,  is  a  man  of  great  ex- 
perience in  "well  drilling,"  through  all  kinds  of 
ground  and  rock.  The  work  of  the  drilling 
will  be  commenced  in  March  upon  the  town 
site  of  Calabasas.  This  work  when  commenced 
will  be  vigorously  pushed,  night  and  day,  until 
flowing  water  is  reached,  if  in  order  to  do  that 
they  have  to  go  down  to  a  depth  equal  to  that 
of  the  level  of  the  sea. — Arizona  Star. 


Stationary  Power  for  the  Million. — By 
reference  to  another  column,  it  will  be  seen 
that  the  Pacific  Power  Company  advertises  a 
room  with  steam  power  to  let  in  their  new 
building  in  this  city.  This  is  a  good  opportu- 
nity for  machinists  and  small  manufacturers, 
and  ought  to  be  a  great  convenience  both  to 
them  and  others,  whose  business  calls  for  a 
cheap  but  at  the  same  time  limited  power  for 
propelling  lathes  and  other  machinery  necessary 
to  such  trade.  Steam-motor  power  on  a  small 
scale  is  not  always  obtainable,  and  this  offer 
will  be  a  bonanza  in  the  hands  of  an  enterpris- 
ing man,  and  much  economy  and  saving  will  be 
effected  by  its  acceptance. 

The  great  undertaking  of  penetrating  the 
Alps  with  a  tunnel  at  St.  Gothard  has  now 
progressed  40,443  feet,  or  7.65  miles.  There 
still  remain  9, 000  feet,  or  1.74  miles  to  be  bored, 
which  it  is  hoped  to  complete  in  a  year,  making 
the  tunnel  nearly  nine  and  a  half  miles  long,  by 
far  the  most  gigantic  work  of  the  kind.  The 
original  estimate  for  the  work  was  §17,000,000, 
but  it  is  now  expected  to  cost  no  less  than 
$45,000,000. 


CALIFORNIA. 
AMADOR. 

The  MONTBKXCHARD. — Dhjxttch,  Feb.  15: 
Drifts  are  being  run  at  the  250  level;  the 
Ledge  maintains  iu  width  of  from  two  and  a 
half  to  three  feet,  and  the  rock  looks  still  bet- 
ter than  that  taken  from  above.  The  mill  is 
constantly  running,  but  another  clean-up  will 
not  be  had  till  the  first  of  next  month.  The 
regular  pay  day  will  not  be  interfered  with  by 
the  recent  stopping  of  the  mill. 

The  Oneida. — This  mine  is  running  only  20- 
s tamps.  The  indications  are  favorable  for  it  to 
soon  reach  its  former  prosperity.  Quite  a  baud- 
some  shipment  of  bullion  was  made  a  few  days 
ago. 

I'm;  MOORE  Mink. —Everything  looks  encour- 
aging at  this  mine,  the  ledge  being  about  seven 
feet,  and  the  rock  above  the  average  grade. 
The  mill  is  now  running  in  good  style. 

Down's. — Ledger,  Feb.  15:  This  mine  con- 
tinues to  yield  largely.  The  rock  taken  from  it 
has  yielded  a  higher  per  cent,  of  gold  than  any 
worked  in  Amador  county  for  many  years.  A 
clean-up  was  made  in  the  early  part  of  the 
week,  from  J05  tons  of  rock.  The  bullion  ob- 
tained was  §5,000;  within  a  fraction  of  §50  per 
ton.  The  levels  look  as  well  as  ever;  all  the 
indications  favor  the  idea  of  a  permanent  mine. 

CALAVERAS. 

The  Sheep  Ranch  Mines. — Chronicle,  Feb. 
15 :  Rock  of  extraordinary  richness  is  being 
taken  from  the  Chavannc  mine,  the  shaft  having 
reached  the  depth  of  400  feet.  The  ledge  is 
developing  splendidly.  A  fine  mill  is 
owned  in  connection  with  the  mine,  which  is 
now  at  work  and  will  be  kept  constantly 
employed  in  the  future.  At  the  well-known 
Wallace  &  Ferguson  mine,  the  new  20-stamp 
mill  is  in  full  operation.  Since  the  work  of  re- 
timbering  the  shaft  was  completed  operations 
have  been  greatly  facilitated  and  conducted 
with  increased  energy  and  vigor.  It  gives 
employment  to  about  75  men  and  crushes,  on  an 
average,  35  tons  of  high  grade  ore  per  day. 

Mining  Scraps. — The  shaft  in  the  Champion 
at  West  Point  is  in  500  feet.  This  gives  the 
mine  a  hundred  feet  of  backs — rock  enough  to 
keep  the  mills  running  indefinitely.  At  the 
San  Pedro,  Glencoe  district,  the  new  shaft  is 
down  105  feet  and  the  pumps  and  hoisting 
works  are  in  position  ready  for  operations. 
Water  has  been  struck  in  the  shaft,  but  the 
new  machinery  is  sufficient  to  prevent  incon- 
venience from  that  source.  At  the  Banner,  a 
crushing  of  160  tons  of  ore  in  Garland's  mill  has 
been  lately  completed. 

MONO 

The  Standard  Con. — Bodie  Standard,  Feb. 
14:  There  is  probably  no  truth  in  the  rumor 
that  the  Standard  and  Bulwer  companies  have 
consolidated  their  interests  under  a  new  incor- 
poration. It  is  more  than  likely  that  the  new  in- 
corporation implies  a  consolidation  of  those  inter- 
ests held  by  the  original  Standard  company  by 
deed,  acquired  subsequent  to  the  first  incorpo- 
ration. Whether  this  includes  all  of  the  West 
Bullion  ground,  we  are  not  quite  certain,  but 
believe  such  to  be  the  case.  The  new  main 
shaft  is  located  in  this  subsequently  acquired 
territory,  developments  in  which  have  been  so 
valuable  as  to  practically  double  the  value  of  the 
entire  Standard  property,  to  say  nothing  of  the 
new  finds  in  the  original  ground  east  of  the 
main  lode.  Altogether,  this  is  probably  the 
correct  theory  of  the  new  incorporation,  with 
100,000  instead  of  50,000  shares.  The  Chronicle, 
February  13th,  says  of  this  mine:  There  has 
been  no  change  in  the  east  crosscut  from  main 
shaft.  The  total  length  is  219  feet — progress 
for  the  week,  31  feet.  South  drift  from  this 
crosscut  has  been  extended  during  the  week  20 
feet — total  length,  175  feet.  The  ledge  is  three 
feet  wide  and  looks  well.  The  east  crosscut 
(300  level)  is  in  195  feet — progress  since  last  re- 
port, 17  feet.  No  change  in  the  ground  passed 
through.  North  drift  from  this  crosscut  has 
been  run  19  feet  during  the  week;  length  35 
feet.  The  ledge  is  two  feet  wide  of  good  ore. 
North  drift  on  West  Standard  is  in  from  cross- 
cut, 44  feet;  the  ledge  is  two  feet  wide  and 
looks  well.  Ledge  in  south  drift  is  IS  inches 
wide  of  good  ore.  The  drift  is  in  52  feet. 
North  drift  on  Cook  ledge  is  in  110  feet  from 
south  line.    Ledge  is  IS  inches  of  very  good  ore. 

Bulwer. — The  ledge  in  the  south  drift  (300 
level)  is  three  feet  wide  and  looks  well.  This 
drift  is  in  from  the  winze  140  feet.  The  ledge 
in  upraise  is  two  feet  wide  of  good  ore.  Have 
resumed  work  in  south  drift  (200  level).  The 
ledge  is  two  feet  wide  and  looks  well.  The 
Stonewall  stopes  are  looking  as  well  as  usual. 

Tioga. — Opened  420  station  and  started 
east  drift,  which  is  in  ten  feet.  Sinking  below 
the  420  station — down  18  feet,  and  continuing 
west  crosscut  at  320  level.  Ground  in 
shaft  continuing  about  the  same,  but  more  fa- 
vorable for  working. 

Jupiter. — Shaft  down  .about  240  feet;  ten 
feet  more  and  a  station  will  be  opened. 

Mono.  —  Drift  at  400  level  in  26  feet. 
Not  sinking  on  account  of  water,  of  which  40,- 
000  gallons  are  daily  discharged.  Troublesome 
nature  of  ground  prevent  rapid  headway. 

Con.  Pacific. — Work  on  this  mine  during 
the  past  week  was  chiefly  centered  upon  the 
winze  sinking  on  lode  No.  2.     This  winze  is  63 


feet  from  the  mouth  of  the  old  tunnel,  3|x7  feet 
in  size  and  nearly  50  feet  in  depth.  The  ore 
holds  out  fully  in  uuantity — 20  inches  in  width 
-and  is  improved  iu  quality.  A  QrOBBCat  east 
t>»  No.  I.  and  a  winze  thereon  is  projected. 
This  (rill  develop  the  property  pretty  thor- 
oughly, and  enable  the  company  to  extract  an 
abundant  and  regular  supply  of  ore  until  the 
new  shaft  south,  and  its  connections,  are  estab- 
lished. A  whim  is  to  be  erected  and  the  work 
of  sinking  and  timbering  continued. 
NEVADA. 

Plum  Valley  filnrs.— Hemhl,  Feb.  15:  The 
buildings  for  the  hoisting  works  and  the  mill 
are  completed,  and  the  machinery  being  rapidly 
placed  iu  positiou.  Everything  will  by  in  run- 
ning trim  in  threo  weeks.  J.  O.  Culver,  Esq., 
funner  President  of  the  Masonic  Savings  and 
Loan  Association,  is  Superintendent  of  the 
mine.  The  mill  contains  10  stamps  and  gold- 
saving  apparatus  of  the  latest  and  most  im- 
proved kind.  It  is  estimated  that  the  rock  can 
be  worked  at  an  expense  of  §3.50  to  §4.00  per 
ton.  There  is  a  large  quantity  of  ore  in  sight 
that  will  yield  §15  or  more  per  ton. 

Bloomfield  Items.  The  North  Bloomfield 
company  have  their  mine  running  in  full  blast, 
with  three  monitors  throwing  their  huge  streams 
against  the  gravel  banks.  Brockmeyer  &  Co. 
have  plenty  of  water  now,  and  are  rushing  off 
the  gravel  from  their  claim.  The  Derbec  mine 
is  hoisting  its  regular  quantity  of  rich  gravel, 
and  has  no  trouble  in  getting  water  to  make  its 
washings. 

Xhe  Independence  Ledge. — Grass  Valley 
Union,  Feb.  16:  The  old  Independence  tunnel, 
a  few  hundred  feet  west  of  the  old  Gold  Tun- 
nel company's  mill,  is  now  being  re-opened  and 
worked  by  Messrs.  Damon  &  Prentice.  A  shaft 
sunk  from  the  top  of  the  hill  is  down  200  feet. 
Their  object  is  to  connect  the  shaft  and  tunnel  to 
give  a  free  circulation  of  air.  They  have  al- 
ready a  well-defined  ledge  of  10  inches,  the  last 
crushing  of  which  paid  §50  per  ton. 

Damage  to  a  Mine. — The  Nevada  Hill  (lately 
the  Bell)  mine,  recently  shut  down  for  the  sea- 
son on  account  of  the  inability  of  machinery  to 
handle  the  surface  water,  which  flowed  in  freely. 
Since  the  late  storm  the  ground  around  the 
shaft  indicates  that  there  has  been  serious  cav- 
ing in  the  underground  workings,  the  extent  of 
which  cannot  be  ascertained  until  the  mine  is 
again  pumped  out. 
PLACER. 

Iowa  Hill  Items. — Herald,  Feb.  15  :  Water 
is  greatly  needed  in  this  locality.  The  mines 
are  worked  by  the  hydraulic  process,  and  there- 
fore it  is  an  indispensable  necessity.  Last 
Saturday  the  Orient  Mining  Co.  set  off  a  bank 
blast  of  165  kegs  of  Hazard  powder;  it  was  in 
three  chambers;  was  exploded  by  electricity, 
and  was  very  effectual.  The  Iowa  -Hill  Canal 
Co.  have  50  men  digging  a  ditch  from  Humbug 
canyon,  a  distance  of  six  miles,  designed  to 
bring  water  to  their  large  reservoir  a  little  above 
Iowa  Hill,  from  which  a  number  of  mines,  be- 
sides their  own,  get  their  supply  of  water. 

PLUMAS. 

Mining  Notes. — Butterfly  Cor.  National, 
Feb.  S  :  The  Bushman  claim  is  running  a  drift 
on  good  pay  gravel,  but  working  under  great 
disadvantage,  owing  to  the  depth  of  the  channel, 
but  has  very  flattering  prospects.  Horace 
Smith,  working  a  short  distance  below  Bush- 
man, is  tunneling  to  strike  a  channel  left  when 
the  main  Blackhawk  was  first  worked.  The 
Blackhawk  mining  claim  is  not  at  present  work- 
ing, owing  to  the  cold  weather,  but  is  prepared 
to  make  a  good  showing  as  soon  as  the  weather 
moderates.  On  the  Blackhawk  Bar,  Mr.  Robert 
Holmes  is  working  over  the  old  bedrock,  results 
not  known.  On  the  Barker  ravine,  Messrs. 
Whitney  &  Weatherby  have  run  a  bedrock 
tunnel  a  distance  of  100  feet  or  more,  and  have 
struck  gravel  that  prospects  good  to  every  pan. 
Bowers  &  Co.  are  working  in  very  good  gravel. 
Over  on  the  Butterfly  side  is  the  placer  claim 
known  as  the  Mound  claim,  worked  by  Kimball, 
Crowell  &  Co.  They  are  working  from  an  in- 
cline, have  considerable  pay  dirt  on  the  dump, 
and  are  anxiously  waiting  for  the  rain. 

SHASTA- 

Various  Claims. — Inyo  Cor.  Reading  In- 
dependent, Feb.  13:  In  the  South  Fork  dis- 
trict there  is  a  decided  improvement;  work  is 
going  ahead  in  good  earnest,  the  excitement 
steadily  increasing.  Three  more  very  rich  gold- 
bearing  ledges  have  been  discovered,  on  which 
good  forces  are  hard  at  work.  A  specimen  from 
one  mine  was  literally  covered  with  free  gold. 
A  few  loads  of  such  quartz  would  satisfy  almost 
any  reasonable  man.  Mr.  J.  P.  Wright  and 
Anderson  &  Co.  are  taking  out  the  same  kind 
of  ore  from  their  new  mine,  the  Sherman.  The 
ledge  is  about  four  feet  thick  and  prospects  well 
all  through.  The  gold  is  fine,  but  in  abund- 
ance. O.  Engle  is  now  drawing  ore  from  his 
Dayton  mine,  which  is  being  reduced  by  Mr. 
Peck.  Balou  &  Hubbard  have  got  their  arastra 
completed  and  are  now  taking  out  and  working 
ore  from  their  own  mine.  Up  the  hill  Mr.  L. 
Provost  &  Co.  are  running  a  tunnel  to  strike 
and  cut  the  Detroit  mine  deep  down. 
TRINITY. 

Bullychoop  District. — Journal,  Feb.  15: 
The  Bullychoop  and  Occidental  tunnel  is  now  in 
150  feet  and  progressing  favorably,  although 
only  about  two  feet  is  being  made  in  24  hours, 
owing  to  the  hard  character  of  the  rock.  A 
good  track  is  laid  iniihe  tunnel  and  a  car  run 
thereon.  Other  companies  in  the  district  not 
doing  much  at  present.  Mr.  St.  Glair  has  a 
four-stamp  mill  ready  to  begin  operations  as 
soon  as  the  snow  goes  off  and  a  pipe  can  be  laid. 


John  R.  Knox  has  100  tons  of  good  rock  from 
the  Central  Lode,  which  he  will  have  crushed 
at  the  mill.  The  Rattlesnake  and  Excelsior 
company  is  down  about  50  feet  iu  each  mine 
and  find  the  lodes  three  feet  wide,  from  which 
they  obtain  excellent  prospects.  Sillcox  &  Co. 
have  found  a  new  lode  on  the  other  side  of  the 
hill,  which  they  have  christened  the  "New 
Jerusalem." 

NEVADA. 
WASHOE  DISTRICT. 

Our  usual  Washoe  letter  having  failed  to  come 
to  haud  in  time  for  this  issue,  we  substitute, 
therefor,  latest  letters  received  by  the  various 
companies  in  this  city  from  superintendents  on 
the  Comstock — the  dates  mentioned,  being  all 
of  the  present  month. 

Caledonia. — Letter  of  15th:  During  the  past 
week  the  east  drift  has  been  extended  28  feet, 
and  the  vertical  winze  has  been  sunk  and 
timbered  20  feet;  the  formation  in  east  drift  is 
much  harder  than  it  was  the  first  part  of  the 
week. 

Alpha.— Letter  of  16th:  The  situation  at  the 
mine  continues  the  same  as  last  reported.  The 
flow  of  water  from  the  face  of  the  joint  drift  on 
our  2400  level  (east)  continues  about  the 
same,  hence  we  have  not  yet  resumed  work  at 
the  point. 

Chollar. — Letter  of  15th:  At  the  Chollar- 
Norcross-Savagc  shaft  has  been  sinking  steadily 
during  the  past  week,  and  the  work  has  made 
good  progress,  considering  the  large  amount  of 
water — some  71,500  gallons  per  day  that  we 
have  hoisted.  Rock  on  west  side  of  shaft  is 
somewhat  harder. 

Julia. — Letter  of  15th:  Slow  progress  has 
been  made  in  lowering  the  accumulated  water 
which  has  risen  above  2000  level.  It  is  now 
anticipated  from  the  general  aspect  of  every- 
thing connected  with  the  pump  and  rods,  that 
the  result  will  be  more  satisfactory  at  the  end  of 
the  coming  week. 

Mexican. — Letter  of  15th:  The  joint  Union 
Con.  winze  on  our  1605  level  has  been  sunk  and 
timbered  14  feet  during  the  past  week;  total 
depth,  224  feet  on  slope.  The  material  passed 
through  has  become  extremely  hard  rock.  On 
our  2000  level  the  main  north  drift  has 
been  advanced  63  feet;  total  length  from  our 
south  line  424  feet.     No  change  in  material. 

Best  &  Belcher.— Letter  of  16th  :  The  1700 
level  joint  east  drift  waB  extended  36  feet  dur- 
ing the  week,  and  is  now  in  50S  feet.  West 
joint  crosscut  1900  level  was  advanced  20  feet, 
and  is  now  in  84  feet.  The  face  is  in  a  mixture 
of  quartz  and  porphyry,  but  assays  nothing. 
Owing  to  the  strong  flow  of  water  the  Osbiston 
shaft  was  only  sunk  10  feet.  It  is  now  down 
460  feet  in  good  sinking  ground  if  it  was  dry. 
Everything  is  working  weU. 

Hale  &  Norcross. — Letter  of  17th  :  Yester- 
day at  9  a.  m.  the  pump  rod  at  the  second  pump 
broke,  since  then  the  work  of  repairing  the  rod 
has  been  going  on  and  will  be  completed  some 
time  this  evening.  The  water  stands  50  feet 
below  the  2000  level.  The  winze  down  from 
2000  level  is  now  20  feet  deep;  considerable 
water  is  coming  in. 

Bullion. — Letter  of  17th  :  During  the  past" 
week  we  have  opened  a  station  in  lihe  incline  at 
the  2150  level,  from  this  station  we  will  start  a 
drift  south  during  the  first  part  of  "this  week  to 
connect  with  the  2000  level  of  the  Imperial. 
This  connection  will  be  made  by  the  first  day  of 
March,  barring  accidents.  The  formation  in 
the  roof  of  the  incline  is  soft  vein  prophyry  and 
low  grade  quartz.  On  the  2400  level  the 
combination  Bullion-Exchequer  drift  has  been 
advanced  a  distance  of  28  feet,  making  its  total 
length  167  feet.  The  formation  still  continues 
the  same  favorable  character.  Everything 
about  the  mine  running  well. 

Ward. — Letter  of  15th:  The  east  crosscut, 
which  was  started  on  Monday  last,  has  been 
advanced  22  feet  to  date;  total  length,  424  feet. 
On  fore  part  of  the  week  the  general  character 
of  the  ground  encountered  consisted  of  large 
blocks  of  bird's-eye  porphyry.  The  past  few 
days,  however,  a  change  has  taken  place  of  a 
softer  nature,  containing  clay  and  streaks  of 
quartz. 

Belcher. — Letter  of  15th:  To  the  length  of 
the  south  drift  on  the  2360  level  30  feet  have 
been  added  the  past  week;  total  length,  669 
feet.  The  south  drift  from  the  2560  station  is 
now  iu  S3  feet,  having  been  run  45  feet  the  past 
week.  The  2560  station  is  about  finished  and 
the  ventilation  on  this  level  is  now  excellent, 
owing  to  the  connection  made  with  the  Crown 
Point. 

Union  Con. — Letter  of  15th:  Mexican  joint 
winze  on  1600  level  has  been  sunk  and 
timbered  14  feet  during  past  week— total  depth 
224  feet  on  slope.  Material  encountered  is  ex- 
tremely hard  rock.  Still  engaged  in  work  of 
repairing  and  widening  1450  Sierra  Nevada 
drifts.  Flow  of  water  from  east  drift  has  de- 
creased to  about  three  and  a  half  inches. 

Overman. — Letter  of  15th:  Since  our  last 
report"  the  vertical  winze  has  been  sunk  and 
timbered  19  feet;  north  lateral  drift  has  been 
extended  31  feet;  face  is  in  a  promising  charac- 
ter of  quartz.  The  new  shaft  has  been  sunk 
and  timbered  20  feet.  The  water  continues 
verv  troublesome.  We  hope  to  get  the  skeet 
running  by  the  last  of  the  week,  and  then  we 
can  handle  the  water  without  much  trouble. 

Gould  &  Curry. — Letter  of  15th:  For  the 
past  week  the  east  drift  on  the  1700  level  was 
extended  36  feet,  and  is  now  in  508  feet  from 
the  lateral  drift.     On  the  1900  level  the   differ- 

Continued    on  pagre  124. 


118 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[February  22,  1879. 


The  Cone-bearers,  or  Evergreen  Trees  of 
California.— No.  5. 

[Written  for  the  Pkess  by  J.  G.  Lemmon.] 

Cypress,  Arbor- Vitse,  Cedar,  Redwood,  and 
Big-  Tree. 

Tribe  II.  (of  the  first  great  order  of  Pinacem.) 
Gupressece — Cypress  family.  Cones  composed 
of  a  few  peltate  or  thickened  scales.  Leaves 
small,  scale-like,  pointed.  A  large  and  interest- 
ing family  of  4  genera  and  10  species,  separated 
by  characters  of  the  cone  into  two  sections. 
Section  A.~True  Cypress. 

Cones  with  the  peltate  scales  opposite  on  a 
depressed  axis.    Three  genera  and  eight  species. 

First  genus  Cupressus,  a  classical  name,  or 
from  the  is'e  of  Cyprus,  where  it  is  abundant. 
Ornamental  trees  found  on  or  near  the  coast ; 
cones  small,  globular,  knobby ;  6  species. 

1.  Cupressus  macrocarpa,  Hart.  "Monterey 
cypress."  The  popular  lawn  and  border  tree  of 
the  coast  towns.  A  symmetrical,  conical  tree, 
20  to  60  feet  high,  with  dark  green  foliage, 
bearing  profusely  large  {1  to  1$  inches  thick) 
persistent  cones,  composed  of  a  few  pairs  of 
pyramidal  scales,  the  interstices  filled  with 
numerous 'angular,  black  seeds. 

2.  Cupressus  McNabiana,  Murr.  "McNab's 
cypress."  Resembles  described  species,  but  is 
smaUer,  10  to  20  feet  high,  with  denser,  shining 
foliage;  cones  one-quarter  to  one-half  inch. 

3.  Gupressus  Lawsoniana,  Murr.  "Lawson's 
cypress."  Resembles  G.  maerocarpa,  but  with 
finer,  recurved  foliage,  and  smaller  (one-quarter 
inch)  cones.  * 'The  most  graceful  and  pleasing 
cypress  known." 

4.  Cupressus  Nutkamsis,  Hook.  "  Yellow 
cedar."  A  valuable  timber  tree  of  the  northern 
coast,  80  to  100  feet  high;  coneB  the  size  of  peas. 

5.  Cupressus  fragrans,  Kellogg.  "Port  Or- 
ford  cedar,  or  ginger  pine"  of  the  Oregon  coast, 
and  sparsely  reaching  California.  A  noble  tree, 
100  to  150  feet  high,  yielding  valuable  aromatic 
timber  for  cabinet  work.     Cones  very  small. 

6.  Cupressus  Qoveniana, ?  ' '  Dwarf  cy- 
press." A  favorite  tree,  or,  rather,  shrub,  10 
to  15  feet  high,  and  fruiting  when  very  young. 
Cones  the  size  of  small  peas.  The  species  Law- 
sonia  and  Nutkamsis  have  been  put  into  another 
genus  by  some,    and  called    Chamce    cyparis. 

Arbor  Vitro. 

Second  genus  Thuja,  from  the  Gr.  thuia,  to 
smell,  alluding  to  its  odor.  "Arbor  Vitae" 
(improperly  called  "  White  cedar  "  at  the 
East).  Beautiful  trees,  with  fan-shaped  foilage 
placed  vertically;  leaves  in  opposite  pairs, 
small,  imbricated  and  unequal;  cones,  ovate 
and  leathery.  Only  one  species  in  California — 
on  the  northern  coast.  * 

Thuja  gigantea,  Nutt.  "Giant  Arbor  Vitae." 
A  noble  and  valuable  tree,  often  attaining  200 
feet,  with  a  diameter  of  10  to  15  feet;  timber, 
very  soft  and  durable;  cones,  one  inch  long,  of 
four  pairs  of  scales. 

Cedar. 

Third  genus  Libocedrus,  from  libanus,  incense, 
and  cedrus,  the  cedar.  "Incense  cedar."  Sym- 
metrical trees  of  slow  growth  and  fragrant 
timber.  Foliage,  fan-shaped,  but  placed  hori- 
zontally; cones,  elliptical,  of  four  to  six  very 
dissimilar  pairs  of  scales.  Only  one  species  in 
California,  widely  but  sparsely  dispersed  over 
all  its  mountain  ranges  at  low  elevations. 

Libocedrus  decurrens,  Endl.  "Post  cedar." 
A  handsome  tree  of  pyramidal  outline,  fast 
tapering  upward.  Timber  splits  easily,  en- 
dures exposure  to  weather,  as  fence  posts,  or 
takes  a  fine  polish  in  cabinet  work.  Leaves  in 
opposite  unequal  pairs  and  decurrent  on  the 
flattened  branches  (whence  the  specific  name). 
Cones,  elliptical,  one  inch  long,  of  six  scales  in 
three  very  dissimilar  pairs,  the  second  pair 
longest  and  fertile,  bearing  each  two  long-winged 
■3eds. 

Section  B.—  Taxodise,  Redwoods. 

Cones,  elliptical,  oblate,  of  few  pyramidal, 
peltate  scales,  disposed  spirally  on  an  elongated 
axis,  though  the  cone  may  be  globular,  as  in  the 
Taxodium  of  the  East.  One  genus  of  two 
gigantic  species  peculiar  to  California,  alone 
representing  a  past  prodigious  flora. 

The  generic  name  Sequoia  was  given  by  End- 
licher  because  this  genus  is  a  lone  follower 
(sequi,  to  follow)  of  vast  colossal  forests.  By 
others  said  to  be  derived  from  "Sequoya,"  the 
celebrated  Cherokee  Indian;  but  this  is  no 
doubt  an  afterthought  and  unworthy  to  be  kept 
up. 

Redwood. 

1.  Sequoia  sempervirens,  Endl.  "Redwood" 
of  a  limited  section  of  the  Coast  range  100 
miles  north  and  south  of  the  Golden  Gate.  This 
immense  tree,  only  exceeded  by  the  other  spe- 
cies— S.  gigantea — often  attains  a  hight  of  200 
to  300  feet,  with  a  circuit  at  base  of  60  to  100 
feet.  Very  tenacious  of  life,  the  injured  trees 
sprout  anew  from  any  part  as  readily  as  wil- 
lows; yet,  through  the  avarice  and  carelessness 
of  man,  they  are  rapidly  disappearing.  Tim- 
ber, the  well  known  light  and  durable  "red- 
wood." Leaves  in  two  ranks,  lanceolate,  one- 
half  inch  long,  pointed;  cones  one-half  to  one 
inch  long. 

Big  Tree. 

Second  species,  Sequoia  gigantea,  Torr. 
"Big  Tree,"  found  only  in  about  20  groves  on 
the  western  slope  of  the  high  Sierra,  from  Cal- 
averas county  to  Fresno.  All  things  consid- 
ered, this  is  the  largest  tree  in  the  known 
world.  Some  species  of  eucalypti  in  Australia 
are  taller,  and  perhaps  specimens  may  be  found 
girting  more  at  the  swelled-out  base,  but  they 
generally  taper  fast  upward,  have  short'  limbs 
and  very  thin  bark.     The  giant  sequoia  is  often 


found  300  to  400  feet  high,  with  a  circuit  at 
base  of  80  to  over  100  feet,  the  vast  trunk  but 
slightly  tapering  upward  to  the  crown,  where 
it  suddenly  divides  into  branches,  being  often 
found  without  a  limb  for  200  feet;  its  soft,  red- 
dish, thick,  cedar-like  bark  deeply  furrowed 
from  top  to  bottom,  giving  the  shafts  the  appear- 
ance of  magnificent  fluted  columns  propping 
their  broad,  shield-like  crowns  of  light,  gauzy 
foliage  against  the  sky.  Leaves  on  young  trees 
acerose,  one-half  inch  long;  on  limbs  of  ma- 
tured trees  reduced  to  pointed  scales;  cones  the 
size  of  a  hen's  egg,  but  knobby,  without  prick- 
ers, and  composed  of  about  36  large  pyramidal 
scales,  their  apexes  entering  the  elongated  core 
of  the  cone,  and  the  interstices  between  them 
filled  with  80  to  120  flat,  winged  seeds,  re- 
sembling those  of  the  common  parsnip. 

The  big  trees  of  California  have  justly  been 
made  the  theme  of  glowing  descriptions  by 
travelers,  and  by  scientists  as  well.  The  writer 
has  published  several  articles,  in  the  Pacific 
Rural  Press  and  in  Eastern  journals,  to  which 
the  reader  is  referred  for  elaborate  descriptions, 
especially  going  to  disprove  their  reputed  great 
age  of  3,000  to  4,000  years. 

Washingrtonia  vs.  Wellingtonia. 
Before  leaving  the  subject  now,  however,  I 
wish  to  advert  to  a  matter  relating  to  the  big 
trees,  growing  out  of  the  pride  I  take  in  every 
noble  product  of  my  adopted  State.  I  allude  to 
the  habit  the  English  have  of  misnaming  our 
giant  Sequoia  by  calling  it  "Wellingtonia." 
The  history  of  its  naming,  re-naming  and  mis- 
naming is  substantially  as  follows  :  When  first 
discovered  in  1852  fragmentary  specimen's 
were  sent  to  San  Francisco  and  the  East,  and 
to  England.  Dr.  Kellogg,  of  San  Fraucisco,  dis- 
covered what  he  took  to  be  distinguishing 
generic  characters,  and  he  very  patriotically 
named  the  apparently  new  genus  "Washing- 
tonia."  Dr.  Lindly,  the  leading  botanist  of 
England,  also  pronounced  (1853)  the  tree  to  be 
the  type  of  a  new  genus,  and  joyfully  called  it 
"Wellingtonia. "  The  two  names  were  published 
to  the  world  with  descriptions  of  the  tree  about 
the  same  time,  and  scientists  of  the  two 
countries  rallied  loyally  to  their  standard  bearer, 
shouting  "Wellingtonia"  or  "Washingtonia, "  as 
they  happened  to  be  -on  either  side  of  the 
Atlantic.  Meanwhile  seeds  had  been  sent 
abroad,  where  they  readily  grow,  and  English 
horticulturists  distributed  plants  by  the  million 
over  their  vast  Empire,  thus  disseminating  their 
name  world-wide.  But  a  few  months  after  Drs. 
Torrey  and  Gray,  of  New  York;  Endlicher  of 
London,  and  De  Caisne,  of  Paris,  determined 
from  fuller  specimens  that  the  wonderful  tree 
belonged  to  an  old  well-established  genus,  the 
Sequoia,  or  redwood,  and,  as  is  the  rule,  most 
botanists  at  once  adopted  the  proper  name.  But 
the  name  of  "Wellingtonia"  has  got  hold  of  the 
English  mind  (and  pride),  and  while  they  are 
forced  to  say  Sequoia  when  talking  with  Ameri- 
can scientists,  they  cling  tenaciously  to  the 
misnomer  when  talking  with  the  uneducated, 
or  with  Englishmen  who  are  willing  to  be 
unscientific  rather  than  give  up  a  name  com- 
memorating their  Iron  Duke. 

Sir  Joseph  Hooker's  Position. 
I  wrote  recently  to  Sir  Joseph  Hooker,  Pres- 
ident of  the  Royal  Society  of  England,  and  the 
most  eminent  botanist  of  the  age,  protesting 
against  the  unscientific  use  of  "Wellingtonia," 
and  asking  where  he  allowed  the  weight  of  his 
great  influence  to  rest.  I  woke  up  a  full- 
blooded  Englishman.     Hear  him: 

"Wellingtonia"  is  a  misnomer  in  a  scientific 
sense,"  he  replies,  "but  not  in  a  vernacular 
sense.  The  name  "  Wellingtonia "  is  rooted  as 
deep  in  England  and  Europe  as  the  "  big  tree  " 
in  its  California  soil,  and  the  people  of  England 
and  Europe  who  know  the  big  tree  only  by  the 
name  of  "Wellingtonia"  are  as  numerous  as  the 
leaves  on  the  biggest  Sequoia.  Colloquial  lan- 
guages are  means,  not  ends,  and  the  conve- 
niences of  the  day  and  hour  will  carry  the 
day  in  the  face  of  all  argument  and  all  science. 
It  is  only  wisdom  to  accept  the  inevitable. 
You  might  as  well  attempt  to  restore  the  Dutch 
name  of  New  York  to  the  American  vernacular 
as  to  force  ( '  Sequoia "  upon  the  English  and 
continental  vernacular.  After  all,  what  does 
it  matter,"  he  concludes  (very  much,  I  say,) 
"  the  botanist  knows  that  Sequoia  is  the  right 
name,  but  the  uneducated  know  only  "Wel- 
lingtonia." That  serves  the  purpose.  To  him 
one  name  is  as  good  as-'another,"  (not  so,  my 
English  special  pleader,)  "and  'first  come,  first 
served,'  is  his  motto." 

Rebuttal, 
Now  it  happens  that  some  English  so-called 
scientific  works,  like  "Gordon's  Pinetum"  and 
the  like,  describe  the  big  tree  under  the  name 
of  "Wellingtonia,"  used,  not  as  the  vernacular 
or  common  name,  but  as  the  botanical  or  scien- 
tific name,  admitting  in  the  same  paragraph 
that  the  genus  is  not  well  founded,  yet  persist- 
ing in  keeping  it  up,  encouraged  thereto  no 
doubt  by  the  quasi  endorsement  of  such  emi- 
nent authority  as  Hooker.  Our  botanical  books 
and  records  abound  in  cases  similarto  this  of  the 
Sequoia,  i.  e.,  where  a  plant  has  been  called  by 
a  certain  name  until  familiar  and  adopted  into 
the  vernacular,  but  wider  research  and  better 
instruments  for  examination  have  compelled  in 
time  a  change  of  name  by  competent  authority, 
and  all  persons  are  expected  to  yield  to  the  dic- 
tum, whatever  their  preferences.  This  is  cor- 
rect, scientific  procedure.  If  it  were  not  so 
there  would  be  an  end  to  all  improvement,  all 
advancement,  in  a  word,  to  all  science;  and  the 
predilections  of  no  clans,  people  or  nations 
should  be  allowed  to  stand  in  the  way  of  scien- 
tific facts.     As  well  might  we  Americans,  pre- 


eminently entitled  to  our  pride  in  commemorat- 
ing the  "Father  of  his  Country,"  be  still  clamor- 
ing for  "Washingtonia,"  because  our  botanist 
first  described  and  named  it  such.  But  no,  it  is 
characteristic  of  Americans  to  correct  abuses 
before  they  become  '  'inevitable. "  I  know  that 
Sir  Joseph  means,  to  be  fair  and  honest,  but  I 
doubt  if  he  would  acquiesce  so  readily  in  his 
"inevitable"  if  he  were  not  an  Englishman.  As 
I  am  an  American,  born  on  the  same  soil  with  the 
big  trees,  I  would  rather  that  Americans  reject 
this  English  misnomer,  and  promptly  call  our 
famous  trees  by  their  proper  name  of  "Big 
Trees,"  or  by  their  botanical  name  of 
gigantea, 

[To  be  Continued.] 


Igneous  Meteors.— No.  1. 

[Written  for  the  Mining  and  Scientific  Press.] 

iErolites,  Fire-Balls,  Shooting-Stars. 
Igneous  meteors  are  luminous  bodies  which 
suddenly  appear  in  the  sky,  usually  at  a  great 
hight  above  the  surface  of  the  earth,  and  shoot 
across  the  heavens  with  immense  velocity,  and 
are  sometimes  accompanied  with  the  fall  of 
meteoric  stones  or  aerolites.  As  regards  meteoric 
stones,  it  is  evident  that  the  striking  phenom- 
ena attending  their  fall  upon  the  earth — the 
brilliant  luminous  display,  the  violent  detona- 
tions, the  tremendous  momentum  with  which 
the  hot  masses  bury  themselves  in  the  ground 
— were  well  calculated  to  arrest  the  attention, 
and  to  stimulate  the  imagination  of  mankind  in 
all  periods  of  history.  We  find,  accordingly, 
that  these  bodies  have  been  observed  to  fall  in 
all  ages  of  the  world.  Probably  the  earliest 
account  we  have  of  any  one  of  them  is  to  be 
found  recorded  in  Joshua,  chap.  10,  verse  11; 
"at  any  rate,  the  phenomenon  referred  to  in 
that  verse  can  be  interpreted  by  reference  to 
some  of  the  more  modern  falls  of  meteoric 
stones. " 

One  of  the  most  remarkable  falls  recorded  in 
ancient  history  isthatof  the  Thracian  stone, men- 
tioned by  Pliny  in,  chapter  58  of  Second  Book 
on  Natural  History.  It  fell  near  /Egospotamos, 
in  Thrace,  about  467  years  before  the  Christian 
era.  He  describes  it  as  being  of  a  burnt  color, 
and  as  being  held  in  veneration  by  the  inhabi- 
tants of  the  country.  This  is  probably  the 
stone  which  Anaxagoras,  the  Clazomenian  phil- 
osopher, predicted,  it  is  said,  would  one  day 
fall  from  the  sun.  In  Butler's  "Hudibras" 
this  event  is  thus  noticed. 

"  For  Anaxa£oras  long-  agone- 
Saw  hills,  as  well  as  you  i'  th'  moon; 
And  held  the  sun  was  but  a  piece 
Of  red-hot  iron,  aa  big  us  Greece; 
Bcliev'd  the  heav'na  were  made  of  stone, 
Because  the  sun  had  voided  one: 
And,  rather  than  he  would  recant 
Th'  opinion,  suffered  banishment." 
Some  persons  think,  with  apparently  very  good 
reason,  that  the  image  which   fell  down   from 
Jupiter,  and  was  worshiped  by  the  Ephesians, 
(referred  to   in  Acts,  chap.  19,  verse  35,)  was  a 
meteoric  stone.     Another  ancient  and   memor- 
able aerolite  is  now  at  Mecca;  for  the  celebrated 
black  stone,  Hajar  el  Aswad,  that  forms  an  ob- 
ject of  adoration  of  the  pilgrims  to  the   Kaaba, 
at  Mecca,  is  doubtless  one  of  these  bodies. 
Varieties  of  Igrneous  Meteors. 
At  one  period  it  was  a  question  among  scien- 
tific men  whether  aerolites,  fire-balls  and  shoot- 
ing-stars  constitute  a  single   class   of    igneous 
meteors.     Shooting-stars  are   of  all  degrees  of 
size  and  brightness,  and   some  occur  which  ex- 
ceed Jupiter  or  Venus,  or  even  the   moon   in 
brilliancy.     In  some  of  them  the  globular  form 
can   be  easily  recognized  ;  these   are,  in   every 
respect,  similar  to  fire-balls  or  bolides.     In  fact, 
it  is  impossible,  from  their  appearance,  to  make 
any  distinction  between  the  larger  shooting-stars 
and  the  smaller  so-called  fire-balls.     Again,  the 
larger  fire-balls  often  explode  into  fragments,  the 
parts   scattering   across  the  sky  in  different  di- 
rections.    In  some  cases,   terrific  detonations 
are  heard  over  an  extensive  region  of  country  a 
short  time  after  the  visible  explosion ;  and,  at ' 
times,    from  these   detonating    meteors    stony 
fragments   come   down,    scattering    themselves 
over  a  region  of  many  miles  in  extent,  and  fre- 
quently striking  the  ground  with  sufficient  ve- 
locity to  bury  themselves  two  or  more  feet  deep. 
These  fragments  constitute  aerolites  or  meteoric 
stones.     Hence,  modern  physicists  are  disposed 
to  regard  all  of  these  igneous  meteors  as  having 
a  similar  origin  and  character,  though  differing 
in  size,  in  color,  in  brightness,  in  chemical  com- 
position, etc.     Additional   evidence  of  the  cor- 
rectness of  this  conclusion  is  derived  from  the 
hight  and  velocity  of  all  kinds  of  igneous  me- 
teors. 

Hight. 

By  stationing  two  observers  50  or  100  miles 
apart,  to  observe  and  record  the  track  of  the 
same  aerolite,  fire-ball,  or  shooting-star,  as  it  is 
projected  from  the  different  points  of  observa- 
tion on  different  parts  of  the  sky,  the  actual 
altitude  of  these  igneous  meteors  can  be  deter- 
mined with  more  or  less  precision.  The  observ- 
ations of  Brandes,  of  Leipsic  ;  Benzenberg,  of 
Dusseldorf;  Wartmann,  of  Switzerland  ;  New- 
ton, of  New  Haven,  and  others,  have  thus  de- 
termined their  hzght  to  vary  from  15  to  140 
miles  from  the  surface  of  the  earth.  When  the 
larger  fire-balls  come  lower  down  than  30  miles 
they  usually  send  down  fragments  to  the  surface 
of  the  earth. 

Velocity. 

From  the  angular  extent  of  the  track  of  the 
igneouB  meteor,  the  time  of  its  transit,  and  its 
distance  from  the  observer,  it  is  easy  to  deter- 
mine the  velocity  of  its  motion.  For  meteoric 
stones,  the  observations  of  Glaisher,  Petit,  I)au- 
bree,  and  others,  indicate  that  these  bodies  tra- 


verse our  atmosphere  with  velocities  varying 
from  four  to  forty  miles  per  second.  With 
respect  to  shooting-stars,  the  observations  of 
Benzenberg,  Quetelet,  Herrick,  Newton,  and 
others,  assign  to  them  velocities  fully  equal  to, 
if  not  surpassing,  the  velocities  of  meteoric 
stones.  Estimating  their  mean  velocity  at  about 
30  miles  per  second,  it  is  evident  that  it  far  sur- 
passes the  speed  of  any  terrestrial  motion,  being 
more  than  100  times  the  initial  velocity  of  a 
cannon  ball.  The  higher  velocities  assigned  to 
shooting-stars,  as  compared  with  meteoric  stones, 
probably  arises  from  the  circumstance  that  the 
smaller  meteoric  masses  on  entering  the  upper 
and  highly  attenuated  atmosphere  of  the  earth, 
are  dissipated  and  volatilized  before  their  motion 
is  greatly  retarded  by  the  resistance  of  the  air ; 
while  the  larger  masses,  constituting  aerolites, 
descending  into  the  denser  strata  of  the  atmoB- 
phere,  encounter  such  an  enormous  resistance 
as  to  vastly  reduce  their  velocities  before  reaoh- 
ing  the  surface  of  the  earth.  Hence  it  is  quite 
possible  that  the  various  varieties  of  igneous 
meteors  may  enter  our  atmosphere  with  approxi- 
mately similar  velocities,  but  that  the  subsequent 
retarding  influence  of  the  resistance  of  the  air 
creates  inequalities  of  speed,  which  manifests 
itself  more  especially  in  the  larger  masses  tra- 
versing the  lower  strata  of  the  atmosphere. 
Luminous  Trains. 

Many  fire-balls  and  shooting- stars  leave  a 
luminous  train  behind  them,  similar  to  a  bright 
band  of  phosphorescent  light.  These  trains,  for 
the  most  part,  disappear  in  a  few  seconds  ;  but 
sometimes  they  continue  for  several  minutes. 
In  the  case  of  actual  fire-balls,  Olbers  observed 
trains  which  continued  for  six  or  seven  minutes; 
Brandes,  in  one  instance,  15  minutes  ;  Prof. 
Newton,  of  New  Haven,  saw  one  in  which  the 
duration  of  train  was  45  minutes  ;  and  cases, 
have  been  reported  in  which  more  than  an  hour 
elapsed  between  the  extinction  of  the  fire-ball 
and  the  disappearance  of  the  luminous  train. 
This  bright  narrow  bar  of  light  is  frequently 
several  degrees  long;  it  usually  retains  its  elon- 
gated form  for  a  fraction  of  a  minute,  and  then 
becomes  curved.  If  it  lasts  several  minutes, 
the  train  gets  twisted  forms,  the  result,  doubt- 
less, of  winds  in  the  upper  air  and  of  currents 
produced  by  the  transit  of  the  meteor  itself. 
•Chemical  Constitution. 

On  examining  and  comparing  the  chemical 
constitution  of  these  meteoric  masses,  which 
reach  the  surface  of  the  earth,  the  first  circum- 
stance that  strikes  us  as  remarkable,  is  their 
perfect  resemblance  to  each  other  in  their 
chemical  composition.  Chemical  analysis  gives, 
in  almost  every  instance,  the  same  substances, 
combined  in  very  nearly  the  same  proportions. 
This  seems  to  be  the  case  with  both  of  the  two 
great  classes  of  meteoric  stones,  viz  :  the  stony 
and  metallic  aerolites.  These  common  and  con- 
stant characters  indicate  a  common  origin. 


The  New  Yellow  Jacket  Shaft. 

Work  has  recently  been  commenced,  says 
the  Virginia  Enterprise,  in  the  Yellow 
Jacket  new  shaft  from  the  drift  on  the  2200 
level  to  meet  the  workmen  who  are  coming 
down.  The  rock  at  the  bottom  where  the 
work  of  raising  has  been  commenced  is  found  to 
be  exceedingly  hard.  In  drilling  a  single  inch 
the  point  of  a  drill  is  blunted  as  though  it  had 
been  battered  upon  a  block  of  steel.  This  rock 
is  a  species  of  black  porphyry,  much  resembling 
basalt  in  appearance.  It  is  merely  a  narrow 
belt  or  rib.  Air  for  the  use  of  the  miners  is 
supplied  through  a  large  pine  from  the  2000 
level  of  the  old  works,  and  is  furnished  by  a 
blower  that  is  run  in  the  mine  by  water  power. 
The  air  is  carried  a  distance  of  1,400  feet. 

It  is  hoped  that  the  new  shaft  will  prove  a 
downcast  and  it  is  thought  that  it  will  so  turn 
out,  as  the  air  in  the  new  shaft  is  quite  cold, 
while  at  the  old  works  it  is  very  hot;  also,  in 
the  Imperial  and  other  mines  with  which  there 
are  connections.  As  this  hot  air  rushes  to  the 
surface  through  the  various  old  shafts  with 
great  force,  it  will  undoubtedly  draw  the  cold 
air  from  the  new  shaft  to.  the  westward.  This 
will  be  a  good  thing  for  the  new  shaft  and  not 
a  bad  thing  for  the  old  mines,  as  it  will  bring 
into  their  lower  levels  a  great  volume  of  pure 
cold  air. 

A  strange  thing  about  the  Yellow  Jacket  new 
shaft  is  its  coldness  at  the  bottom,  notwith- 
standing its  depth  and  the  great  heat  of  the 
rock  through  which  it  is  passing.  The  men 
are  obliged  to  work  with  their  coats  on,  owing 
to  the  cold,  while  the  rock  in  which  they  are  at 
work  is  intensely  hot,  as  also  is  the  little  water 
that  is  found, 

At  the  depth  of  2,165  feet  a  standard  ther- 
mometer was  placed  in  a  drill  hole  33  inches  in 
depth,  when  a  temperature  of  133°  was  shown. 
This  is  much  hotter  than  any  rock  found  in 
the  Sutro  tunnel.  The  highest  rock  tempera- 
ture in  the  Sutro  tunnel  has  been  110°. 

It  is  found  that  some  belts  or  strata  of  rock 
are  hotter  than  others.  The  temperature  of  the 
rock  at  the  depth  at  present  attained  has  not 
been  tested,  therefore  it  may  be  cooler  than 
above.  In  the  end  of  the  2200  drift,  at  the 
shaft,  it  is  very  hot,  however.  In  extending  the 
air  pipe  a  day  or  two  since  the  men  carried  in 
two  joints  coupled  together  and  it  was  all  that 
the  best  seasoned  among  them  could  do  to 
remain  long  enough  to  put  them  in  place. 

Until  recently  it  was  thought  that  there  yet 
remained  60  feet  of  drift  to  be  run  to  get  under 
the  shaft,  but  a  survey  made  showed  it  to  be 
under  the  shaft.  It  appears  that  the  block  of 
50  feet  was  taken  out  by  Supt.  Taylor  previous 
to  his  resignation. 


February  22,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


in 


TljE     ENqiNEEE\. 


Railway  Building  for  the  Coming  Year. 

A  correspondent  of  the  Railvxtv  Age,  who 
has  been  largely  engaged  in  railway  building 
takes  a  very  enthusiastic  view  of  the  prosperity 
of  that  business  in  the  immediate  future.  He 
anticipates  a  vast  influx  of  population  into  the 
Western  States  and  Territories,  during  the 
next  few  years,  by  reason  of  the  present  busi- 
ness depression  and  unsettled  political  condi- 
tion of  .Europe,  which  will  both  add  largely  to 
the  receipts  and  furnish  cheap  material  and 
laltor  lor  construction  purposes.  Speaking  of 
the  coining  immigration,  be  says: 

During  the  past  live  years,  commencing  with 
March  of  this  year,  there  will  be  a  tide  of  immi- 
gration setting  in  from  the  East,  and  by  the 
East  I  mean  not  only  our  own  Puritan  New 
England,  but  from  the  healthiest,  strongest 
and  best  element  of  the  Eastern  countries — 
Piussia,  Norway,  Sweden,  Sclileswig-Holateiu, 
etc.,  an  agricultural  people,  seeking  homes  of 
their  own.  One  million  of  them  are  on  the 
Western  prairies  now.  They  write  homo  (we 
will  say)  10,000  letters  a  year.  These  10,000 
letters,  couched  in  different  languages,  are  re- 
peated 10,000  times,  and  finally  reach  the  ears 
of  twice  as  many  more.  Hence,  these  people 
will  come  to  the  country  where  they  can  make 
a  home  competence  for  their  wives  and  families. 

Now,  this  being  so,  it  is  self-evident  that 
means  of  access  must  be  furnished  to  the  cheap 
lands  of  Dakota,  Minnesota,  Arizona,  Kansas 
and  southwestern  Kansas,  as  well  as  Missouri, 
the  Indian  Territory,  and  the  West,  even  to 
the  Pacific  ocean. 

On  the  question  as  to  the  development  of  the 
country  and  construction  of  railways,  he  says: 
Immigrants  in  coming  to  new  countries  always 
seek  the  same  latitudes.  The  Swede  and  Nor- 
wegian want  Minnesota,  as  well  as  do  many  of 
our  hardy  people  from  the  Eastern  States.  The 
German  wants  central  Wisconsin,  but  goes 
most  everywhere,  as  does  the  American.  The 
Englishman  is  conservative,  and  "waits."  All 
these  people  will  seek  as  they  come,  rapid 
transit,  and  railways  are  the  most  rapid.  For 
this  reason,  the  vast  multitude  that  are  coming 
westward  year  by  year  will  be  increased  this 
year,  and  the  next  and  the  next,  until  there 
will  be  smiling  homes  and  cottages  and  school 
houses  and  churches,  in  all  the  west,  southwest 
and  northwestern  country,  even  to  Alaska, 
which  Mr.  Seward  was  laughed  at  for  purchas- 
ing for  a  less  sum  than  a  New  York  capitalist 
cau  get  into  good  society  on.  Hardly  a  lady 
to-day  but  is  petting  the  Alaska  seal  sacque  she 
weaVa. 

Leadville,  Colorado,  and  the  mines  in  Mon- 
tana, and  the  general  development  of  mining 
interest,  with  the  accompanying  influx  of  popu- 
lation, demands  roads.  Also  quick  accumula- 
tions of  wealth  taken  from  the  earth,  both  in 
mining  and  agriculture,  give  means  to  build 
roads.  Capital  is  going  into  the  development 
of  these  mines,  and  they  are  yielding  immense 
profits  since  improved  machinery  has  been  put 
into  them. 

Agricultural,  mineral  and  animal  products 
alone  will  increase  the  mileage  of  construction 
for  years  to  come.  This  year  it  will  be  increased 
2,000  miles  over  1S78.  This  will  include  many 
narrow-gauge  roads  as  well  as  standards. 


Irrigation  in  Tulare. — Assistant  State  Engi- 
neer, A.  C.  Warfield,  Jr.,  informs  the  Fresno 
Expositor  that  his  labors,  during  the  past  sea- 
son, have  been  devoted  to  running  grade  lines 
and  making  a  complete  topographical  survey  of 
the  county  along  the  foothills  from  King's  river 
to  the  Kaweah,  and  from  the  Kaweah  to  Tule 
river,  and  thence  to  White  river.  Also  a 
survey  and  examination  of  King's  river  from 
the  foothills  to  the  railroad,  including  an 
examination  of  the  various  canals  diverging 
therefrom,  and  measurement  of  their  capacity, 
velocity,  etc.  For  greater  accuracy,  on  all  the 
principal  rivers,  from  the  Merced  to  Tule  river, 
surveys  have  been  made  at  two  points,  one  near 
the  foothills  and  the  other  near  the  railroad; 
and  gauges  have  been  established  at  these 
points  in  order  to  determine  the  amount  of 
water  flowing  in  the  various  streams  at  dif- 
ferent seasons  of  the  year.  Rain  gauges  have 
also  been  established  at  various  points,  and  the 
rainfall  will  be  from  time  to  time  compared 
with  the  rise  of  the  water  in  the  river,  so  as  to 
determine  the  influence  on  the  various  streams. 
The  information  thus  obtained  is  so  costly  that 
individual  enterprise  could  not  afford  to  seek 
after  it,  and  hence  the  necessity  of  the  State 
taking  hold  of  it.  It  will  be  of  great  value  in 
determining  accurately  the  water  supply  of  this 
valley. 

"On  to  the  Rio  Grande."— Mr.  Wm.  Hood, 
chief  engineer  of  the  Southern  Pacific,  says  the 
Arizona  Citizen  of  Jan.  ISth,  arrived  in  town 
with  his  wife  on  Saturday  last  and  took  up 
their  quarters  at  the  Palace.  On  Monday  Mr. 
Hood  and  a  small  party  left  for  El  Paso,  Texas, 
and  will  make  a  preliminary  survey  for  the  pur- 
pose of  determining  upon  the  most  practicable 
route  for  the  railroad  from  Arizona  through 
New  Mexico  to  the  Rio  Grande. 


UsEfdL     I^Of\frt/\YIOM. 


A  MffTHOD  K>B  Mkniuni;  Bkokkn  Castings. 
Mr.  0.  de  Laharpe  gives  a  method  for  mending 
broken  castings,  which  may,  in  many  oases, 
prove  valuable  in  an  emergency.  It  consists  of 
heating  the  two  pieces  together  by  a  stream  of 
molten  cast-iron  until  the  parts  near  the  line  of 
breakage  commence  to  iii'tlt.  At  exactly  that 
point  the  flow  of  cast-iron  is  stopped,  and  a 
small  quantity  of  metal  is  left  behind,  which,  in 
chilling,  unites  the  two  parts.  If  the  operation 
is  well  conducted,  the  piece  thus  mended  will 
break  more  readily  at  any  other  part  than  the 
new  seam.  It  is  necessary,  in  order  to  be  suc- 
cessful, to  induce  melting  of  the  broken  edges 
over  their  whole  length,  and  therefore  the  thick- 
ness of  the  casting  must  not  be  too  small  in 
comparison  to  its  length,  nor  should  there  be, 
in  the  direct  vicinity  of  the  fracture,  any  mark- 
ed irregularities  of  thickness.  The  broken  part 
must  also  be  perfectly  independent  of  the  rest, 
or  else  the  expansion  and  contraction  will  cause 
breaking.  The  Chinesehave  noticed  this  method 
of  mending  broken  cast-iron  vessels  from 
time  immemorial. 


Selb  Luminous  Clock  Dials. — The  clocks 
witli  illuminated  dials  which  made  such  an  im- 
pression at  the  Paris  exposition,  were  perfectly 
luminous  in  the  dark  if  exposed  to  the  light 
during  the  day.  President  Morton,  of  the  Ste- 
vens Institute  of  Technology,  has  recently  anal- 
yzed the  substance  with  which  the  dials  were 
coated,  and  found  it  to  consist  of  nothing  but 
sulphide  of  calcium,  attached  by  means  of  some 
resinous  medium  like  varnish.  This  substance 
is  a  phosphorescent  quality  never  before  equaled. 
One  of  the  dials  was  stili  visible  in  total  dark- 
ness after  having  been  shut  up  in  a  box  for  five 
days.  Prof.  Morton  suggests  that  if  further 
advances  should  be  made  in  this  direction,  it  is 
easy  to  imagine  some  wonderful  results,  before 
which  Mr.  Edison's  new  electric  burner  would 
fade  into  insignificance.  Thus  if  our  walls  were 
painted  with  such  a  substauce  they  would  ab- 
sorb light  enough  during  the  day  to  continue 
luminous  at  night,  and  thus  render  all  sources 
of  artificial  light  useless.  The  coloring  of 
houses  on  the  outside  with  a  like  material 
would  also  obviate  ueed  of  all  street  lamps. 

Depreciation  of  Coal  by  Storage. — A  case 
having  come  before  the  Bohemian  courts,  it  was 
found  that  bituminous  coal  stored  12  months 
depreciated  as  follows:  1.  English  Peases 
West  coal  suffered  no  depreciation.  2.  Ibben- 
bueren,  Westphalian  coal  lost  1.4%  in  weight, 
6%  in  calorific  value  and  made  4.6%  less  of  coke. 
3.  Dortmund  coal  lost  2.6%  in  calorific  value 
and  made  2.1%  less  of  coke.  5.  Gelsen  Kir- 
chen  coal  0.4%  loss  of  weight,  0.6%  loss  of  cal- 
orific value  and  2.  1%  loss  of  yield  of  coke. 
5.  Borgloh  coal  respectively  2,6%  and  1.5%. 
Experts  have  testified  that  a  loss  of  2%,  in  trans- 
portation by  cars,  was  not  extraordinary  for 
bituminous  coals. 


The  Metropolitan  Elevated. — The  Metro- 
politan Elevated  Railway  Company,  of  New 
York,  on  Jan  21st,  awarded  the  contract  for  the 
construction  of  its  East  Side  line  from  the 
Battery  to  Harlem. 


Lining  for  Boilers. — Mr.  Frantz  Beutt- 
genbach  gives  the  following  recipe  for  the  pre- 
paration of  a  coating  for  the  inside  surface  of 
boilers  to  prevent  the  formation  of  scale:  Grad- 
ually dissolve  5  lbs.  of  a  mixture  of  25  parts  of 
colophonium,  2\  parts  of  graphite,  and  2£  parts 
lamp  black  in  40  lbs.  of  boiling  gas  tar,  adding 
about  1  tb.  tallow.  The  solution  is  diluted  with 
about  50%  of  petroleum  and  applied  in  a  warm 
state.  It  has  a  pungent  smell  and  should  be 
put  on  rapidly,  the  precaution  of  using  closed 
lanterns  being  necessary.  Its  effect  is  to  cause 
the  scale  to  came  off  in  large  flakes  when 
picked. 

Solidifying  Petroleum. — The  Engineer 
says:  "It  may  be  useful  to  note  that  the  light- 
est petroleums  may  be  partially  solidified  by 
mixing  them  with  an  aqueous  decoction  of  soap- 
wort.  A  mucilage  forms  which  is  so  thick 
that  the  containing  vessel  can  be  overturned 
without  any  portion  running  out.  In  this  form 
might  it  not  be  useful  for  some  lubricating  pur- 
poses ?  If  a  few  drops  of  phenic  acid  are  stir- 
red into  the  mucilage,  it  soon  becomes  liquid 
again. " 

Brass  Solder  for  Iron. — Melt  the  plates  of 
brass  between  the  pieces  that  are  to  be  joined, 
When  the  work  ia  very  fine  the  parts  to  be 
brazed  should  be  covered  with  powdered  borax, 
melted  with  water  so  that  it  may  mix  with  the 
brass  powder  which  is  to  be  added  to  it.  Ex 
pose  the  piece  to  a  clear  fire  in  such  a  manner 
that  it  shall  not  touch  the  coals  and  let  it  re- 
main till  the  brass  begins  to  run. 


Cast-Steel. — If  a  piece  of  cast-steel  be  made 
red-hot  and  is  quenched  in  cold  water  it  will 
become  longer,  but  if  the  same  operation  be  per- 
formed upon  a  piece  of  wrought-iron  it  will  be- 
come shorter.  The  precise  amount  of  the  al- 
teration, or  its  variation  in  different  qualities  of 
each  metal,  has  never  been  determined,  al- 
though it  is  of  great  importance  in  workshop 
manipulation. 

Lead  Explosions. — Many  mechanics  have 
had  their  patience  sorely  tried  when  pouring 
lead  around  a  damp  or  wet  joint,  to  find  it  ex- 
plode, blow  out,  or  scatter,  from  the  effects  of 
steam  generated  by  the  heat  of  the  lead.  The 
whole  trouble  may  be  stopped  by  putting  a 
piece  of  resin  the  size  of  the  end  of  a  man's 
thumb,  into  the  ladle  and  allowing  it  to  melt 
before  pouring. 


Fermentation  op  Graph  Juiok. — Tbia  fer- 
mentation is  exclusively  due  (according  to  M. 
Pasteur)  to  the  presence  of  cells  of  yeast  on  the 
surface  of  the  grapes  whither  the  air  has  brought 
them.  If  these  cells  Imj  suppressed,  fermenta- 
tion Bhould  be  thereby  rendered  impossible. 
Now,  iu  the  Jura,  it  is  found  that  the  grapes  do 
not  bear  any  traces  of  these  cells  until  the  end 
of  July.  Hence  if  they  are  then  protected  from 
the  dust  of  the  air,  it  should  be  possible  to 
bring  them  to  ripeness  without  the  juice  being 
afterwards  able  to  ferment.  On  this  supposi- 
tion M.  Pasteur  placed  grapes  in  inclo.su res 
where  all  access  of  atmospheric  dust  was  rigor- 
ously prevented.  More  simply,  he  enveloped 
grapes  in  wadding,  raised  previously  to  a  tem- 
perature of  100J  G  He  showed  in  the  French 
Academy  grapes  ripened  under  these  conditions, 
and  he  affirmed  thnt  one  might  crush  them  and 
keep  them  any  length  of  time  at  the  suitable 
temperature  without  the  least  fermentation 
taking  place. 

Black.  Finish  for  Brass.— Optical  and  phil- 
osophical instruments  made  in  France  often 
have  all  their  brass  surfaces  of  a  fine  dead 
black  color,  very  permanent  and  ditlioult  to  im- 
itate. The  following,  obtained  from  a  foreign 
source,  is  the  process  used  by  the  French  arti- 
sans: Make  a  strong  solution  of  nitrate  of  sil- 
ver in  one  dish  and  of  nitrate  of  copper  in  an- 
other. Mix  the  two  together  and  plunge  the 
brass  into  it.  Kemove  and  heat  the  brass  even- 
ly until  the  required  degree  of  dead  blackness 
is  obtained. 


We  produce  50  bushels  of  grain  per  head, 
estimating  our  population  at  40,000,000,  while 
Europe,  with  a  population  of  not  quite  300,000,- 
000,  produces  only  16  bushels  per  head,  and 
Great  Britain  only  four  bushels  per  head.  It 
being  estimated  that  the  average  consumption 
of  grain  per  head  is  15  bushels,  we  produce 
three  times  as  much  as  we  require,  Russia  not 
twice  its  wants,  and  Great  Britain  not  much  over 
one-fourth  her  requirement. 


Qooo   HhlTH- 


A  Dangerous  though  Popular  Eye- Water. 

It  is  a  popular  impression  that  a  dilute  solu- 
tion of  "sugar  of  lead,"  or  acetate  of  lead,  is  a 
perfectly  harmless  application  for  any  slight  in- 
flammation of  the  eyes.  The  time  was  when  it 
was  so  regarded  by  physicians,  who  were  in  the 
habit  of  ordering  a  lictle  acetate  of  lead  dissolved 
in  rose  water,  with  perhaps  a  few  drops  of  laud> 
anum  added,  for  these  ocular  ailments.  But 
the  use  of  the  lead  salt  for  this  purpose  was  long 
ago  condemned  by  the  best  authorities,  and  most 
physicians  are  now  aware  of  the  fact.  In  do- 
mestic medicine,  however,  new  ideas  are  slow  in 
replacing  the  old  ones  that  have  come  down  from 
the  grandmothers,  and  sugar  of  lead  is  still  a 
favorite  basis  for  home-made  eye-waters. ' 

A  recent  article  in  the  Philadelphia  Medical 
and  Surgical  Reporter,  by  Dr.  W.  S.  Ross,  gives 
a  succinct  statement  of  the  reasons  why  this  use 
of  lead  salts  is  dangerous.  The  Doctor  says  that 
the  great  danger  of  the  use  of  lead  in  the  eye  is 
that  a  deposit  often  takes  place  on  the  cornea, 
especially  if  the  cornea  is  in  the  least  abraded, 
from  whatever  cause.  Ulceration  of  the  cornea 
is  a  very  common  occurrence,  especially  where 
there  is  high  inflammation  in  the  conjunctiva  and 
sclerotic.  If  the  acetate  of  lead  is  used,  in 
solution,  in  an  ulcerated  condition,  it  does  not 
matter  of  what  strength,  there  will  be  a  deposit 
of  albuminate  of  lead  the  entire  extent  of  the 
cornea  denuded. 

The  opinions  of  quite  a  number  of  distin- 
guished medical  writers  are  quoted  to  the  same 
effect.  One  writer  says:  "  This  bad  effect  may 
result  from  a  single  application.  The  deposit  is 
extremely  apt  to  fix  itself  on  ulcers  of  the  cornea. 
It  attacks  every  abrasion  on  the  slightest  de- 
nuded surface.  Hence,  when  such  exist,  acetate 
of  lead  should  never  be  used." 

This  deposit  resembles  wet  chalk,  and  can  be 
removed  only  with  difficulty  and  at  considerable 
danger  to  the  sight  of  the  eyes,  especially  if  the 
patient  is  advanced  in  years. 

Bee  Stings  for  Rheumatism. — The  Praeger 
Wochenblatt  contains  the  following  in  regard  to 
the  cure  of  rheumatism  by  the  means  of  bee 
stings.  The  correspondent  says  that  his  wife 
having  suffered  so  much  as  to  be  unable  to 
enjoy  any  rest  or  sleep  for  the  Bpace  of  six 
months,  the  right  arm  being  almost  lame, 
preventing  the  sufferer  from  doing  any  house- 
hold work,  making  her  even  unable  to  dress  or 
undress  herself,  and  having  heard  that  a  farmer, 
quite  incapacitated  by  rheumatism,  had  been 
accidently  stung  by  bees,  and  thereby  got 
entirely  cured,  he  persuaded  his  wife  to  try 
this  remedy,  as  the  pain  from  the  sting  of  the 
bees  would  not  be  greater  than  that  already 
Buffered.  Three  bees  were  therefore  laid  and 
pressed  upon  the  right  arm  for  a  considerable 
time,  in  order  that  the  poison  bladder  of  the 
insects  should  entirely  empty  itself.  The  effect 
produced  was  astonishing,  as  the  lady,  even  on 
the  first  night,  was  enabled  to  enjoy  a  long, 
good  sleep,  the  first  time  for  at  least  six  months, 
the  racking  pain  being  entirely  gone.  The  arm 
was,  of  course,  swollen  greatly  in  consequence  of 
the  sting,  but  the  swelling  gradually  disappeared 
upon  the  application  of  some  cooling  lotion. 
All  pain  was  gone,  the  lame  arm  recovered  its  pre- 
vious vigor,  and  not  the  least  sign  of  rheuma- 
tism has  since  showed  itself. 


The  Necessity  of  Plenty  of  Sleep. 

A  writer  in  Scribner,  considering  "The  Rela- 
tions of  Insanity  to  Modern  "Civilization," 
speaks  of  the  loss  of  sleep  as  a  prominent  cause 
of  insanity.  He  says:  "During  every  moment 
of  consciousness  the  brain  is  in  activity.  The 
peculiar  process  of  cerebration,  whatever  that 
may  consist  of,  is  taking  place;  thought  after 
thought  comes  forth,  nor  can  we  help  it.  It  is 
only  when  the  peculiar  connection  or  chain  of 
connection  of  one  brain-cell  with  another  is 
broken  and  consciousness  fades  away  into  the 
dreamless  land  of  perfect  sleep,  that  the  brain  is 
at  re»t.  In  this  state  it  recuperates  its  ex- 
hausted energy  and  power,  and  stores  them 
up  for  future  need.  The  period  of  wakefulness 
ia  one  of  constant  wear.  Every  thought  is 
generated  at  the  expense  of  brain-ceUs,  which 
can  be  fuUy  replaced  only  by  periods  of  .prop- 
erly regulated  repose.  If,  therefore,  these  are 
not  secured  by  sleep;  if  the  brain,  through  over- 
stimulation, is  not  left  to  recuperate,  its  energy 
becomes  exhausted,  debility,  disease,  and, 
finally,  disintegration  supervene.  Hence,  the 
story  is  almost  always  the  same;  for  weeks  and 
months  before  the  indications  of  active  insanity 
appear,  the  patient  has  been  anxious,  worried 
and  wakeful,  not  sleeping  more  than  four  or 
five  hours  out  of  the  2-4.  The  poor  brain, 
unable  to  do  its  constant  work,  begins  to  waver, 
to  show  signs  of  weakness  or  aberration;  hallu- 
cinations or  delusions  hover  around  like  floating 
shadows  in  the  air,  until  finally  disease  comes, 
and — 

"  'plants  his  aiege 
ARTiinat  the  mind,  the  which  he  pricks  and  wounda 
With  many  le^iona  of  atrunyo  fantasies, 
Which  in  their  throng1  and  press  to  that  last  bounds 
Confound  themselves.'  " 


Cooked  Celery  for  Rheumatism. 

The  many  who  are  fond  of  the  crisp  leaf 
stems  of  celery  would  hesitate  before  reducing 
it  to  the  estate  of  "cooked  stuff,"  and  yet  it  is 
said  to  be  of  good  taste  and  to  have  "  virtues  " 
besides.  An  English  writer  proclaims  cooked 
celery  as  a  cure  for  rheumatism,  which  it  cer- 
tainly will  not  ham  if  it  fails  to  cure.  We 
read  as  follows:  Celery,  cooked,  is  a  very  fine 
dish,  both  as  nutriment  and  as  a  purifier  of  the 
blood.  I  wiU  not  enumerate  the  marvelous 
cures  I  have  made  with  celery,  for  fear  the 
medical  men  should,  like  the  corn  dealers,  at- 
tempt to  worry  me.  Let  me  fearlessly  say  that 
rheumatism  is  impossible  on  such  diet.  Plainly 
let  me  say,  cold  or  damp  never  produces  rheu- 
matism, but  simply  develops  it.  The  acid 
blood  is  the  primary  cause  and  the  sustaining 
power  of  evil.  While  the  blood  is  alkaline 
there  can  be  no  rheumatism  and  equally  no 
gout.  I  must  return  to  cooked  celery.  Cut 
the  celery  into  inch  dice;  boil  in  water  until 
soft.  No  water  must  be  poured  away  unless 
drunk  by  an  invalid.  Then  take  new  milk, 
slightly  thicken  with  flour  and  flavor  with  nut- 
megs; warm  with  the  celery  in  the  saucepan; 
serve  up  with  diamonds  of  toasted  bread  round 
dish,  and  eat  with  potatoes." 

Sanitary  Uses  of  Gunpowder. — A  corre- 
spondent writes  us  from  the  Sandwich  Islands 
saying  that  during  a  long  life  spent  in  tropical 
fever  districts  he  has  been  able  to  escape  infec- 
tion and  miasma  by  the  use  of  gunpowder,  sup- 
plemented by  a  few  simple  precautions  against 
sudden  changes  of  temperature,  sunstroke,  bad 
water  and  the  like.  He  uses  no  water  that  has 
not  been  boiled  and  afterwards  kept  from  air 
contact;  but  his  main  reliance  is  upon  the  prac- 
tice of  burning  a  thimbleful  of  gunpowder  in  his 
bedroom  and  very  small  quantities  in  his  trunk, 
wardrobe,  etc.,  so  as  to  keep  his  clothes  in  an 
atmosphere  feebly  charged  with  gunpowder  gas. 
In  Madagascar,  Reunion,  Mauritius,  the  east 
coast  of  tropic  Africa,  and  other  fever-smitten 
lands  he  has  found  such  simple  means  a  sure 
preventive  of  epidemic  and  epidemic  diseases, 
and  has  thereby  been  often  brought  to  the 
philosophic  reflection  that  gunpowder  is  de- 
stined to  invert  the  aim  intended  by  its  fabri- 
cation.— Scientific  American. 

Singular  Case  of  Poisoning. — The  Sutler 
Banner  says  that  three  children  of  James  C. 
Gray,  residing  near  Yuba  City,  came  near  poi- 
soning themselves  during  the  week  by  chewing 
the  inside  bark  of  the  common  black  locust 
tree,  several  of  which  their  father  was  trim- 
ming. The  children,  aged  respectively  three, 
six  and  nine  years,  had  picked  up  the  twigs, 
and  stripping  the  inside  bark  from  them,  chewed 
it,  swallowing  some  of  the  juice.  Soon  after 
they  were  attacked  with  vomiting,  and  after 
thus  relieving  their  stomachs,  sat  around  in  a 
kind  of  dazed  condition,  conscious,  but  with  an 
evident  wish  to  be  undisturbed.  Dr.  Hamlin 
was  caUed  in,  and  under  his  ministrations  they 
have  about  recovered.  The  fact  that  poison 
exists  in  this  tree  will  doubtless  be  news  to 
many  of  our  readers,  and  we  publish  this  that 
others  may  exercise  care  in  its  handling. 

To  Cleanse  the  Hair.— Ammonia  should 
not  be  used  on  the  hair;  it  injures  the  gloss  and 
softness,  causing  the  hair  to  become  harsh  and 
dry.  The  best  way  to  cleanse  the  hair,  and 
keep  the  scalp  healthy,  is  to  beat  up  a  fresh  egg, 
and  rub  it  well  into  the  hair,  or,  if  more  con- 
venient, rub  it  into  the  hair  without  beating. 
Rub  the  egg  in  until  a  lather  is  formed  ;  wet 
the  hands  in  warm  water,  softened  with  borax  ; 
by  the  time  a  lather  is  formed,  the  scalp  is  clean; 
then  rinse  the  ^egg  all  out  in  a  basin  of  warm 
water  containing  a  tablespoonful  of  powdered 
borax,  after  that  rinse  in  one  of  clear  warm 
water. 


120 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[February  22,  1879. 


W 


W.  B.  EWER Senior  Editor. 


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SAN   FRANCISCO: 
Saturday   Morning,  Feb.  22,  1879 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 

GENERAL  EDITORIALS.— A  New  Safety  Pow- 
der; Should  Earn  a  Little  More  and  Spend  a  Little  Lobs; 
113.  The  Week;  Snake  River  MineB;  Chinese  Immi- 
gration, 120.  Fuel  Saving;  Thomson  &  Evans  Steam 
Pumps;  The  Dead  Mining  Towns  and  What  They  Teach, 
121. 

ILLUSTRATIONS.— Safety  Powder  Cartridge;  Safe- 
ty Cap  and  Fuse;  Electric  Cap;  Fuse  Lighter  and  Fuse, 
113.  Thomson  &  Evans  Crank  and  Fly- Wheel  Pump, 
121. 

CORRESPONDENCE.-Siskiyou  Notes;  Progress  of 
Bodie,  114. 

MECHANICAL  PROGRESS.  —  The  Transverse 
Strength  of  Materials;  Steam-Boiler  Inspection;  Loco- 
motive Building  in  1S7S;  The  Need  of  a  Standard  Screw- 
Thread;  Steel  Nails;  Iron  Galvanizing  Furnace;  Railroad 
Patents,  115. 

SCIENTIFIC  PROGRESS.  —Mountain-Making— 
How  the  Alps  were  Formed  -Geological  Theory;  The 
Light  from  Venus  and  Mercury;  Liquefaction  of  Oxygen; 
Electrical  Telegraphing  Without  Wires;  Immense  Gla- 
cial Remains;  Is  the  Subdivision  of  Electric  Light  a  Fal- 
lacy? The  Electric  Light  Dangerous;  Geological;  Instan- 
taneous Photographs;  Solar  and  Artificial  Heat;  Mr. 
Lnckyer's  Recent  Paper,  115. 

MINING  STOCK  MARKET.— Sales  at  the  San 
Francisco,  California  and  Pacific  Stock  Boards,  Notices 
of  Assessments,  Meetings  and  Dividends,  116. 

MINING  SUMMARY  from  the  various  counties  of 
California,  Nevada  and  Arizona.  117-24. 

MISCELLANEOUS.—  Railroads,  114.  The  Cone- 
bearers,  or  Evergreen  Traes  of  California;  Igneous 
Meters.— No.  1;  The  Yellow  Jacket  Shaft,  118. 

THE  ENGINEER.—  Railway  Building  for  the  Coming 
Year;  Irrigation  in  Tulare;  "On  to  the  Rio  Grande;" 
The  Metropolitan  Elevated,  119. 

USEFUL  INFORMATION— A  Method  for  Mend- 
ing Broken  Castings;  Self  Luminous  Clock  Diale;  Depre- 
ciation of  Coal  by  Storage;  Lining  for  Boilers;  Solidify- 
ing Petroleum;  Brass  Solder  for  Iron;  Cast-Steel;  Lead 
Explosions;  Fermentation  of  Grape  Juice;  Black  Finish 
for  Brass,  119. 

GOOD  HEALTH.— A  Dangerous  though  Popular 
Eye-Water;  Bee  Stings  for  Rheumatism;  The  Necessity 
of  Plenty  of  Sleep;  Cooked  Celery  for  Rheumatism; 
Sanitary  Uses  of  Gunpowder;  Singular  Case  of  Poison- 
ing; To  Cleanse  the  Hair,  119. 

NEWS  IN  BRIEF  on  124  and  other  pages 

Business   Announcements. 

The  Giant  Powder  Company,  S.  F. 

Room  with  Steam  Power  to  Let,  P.  P.  Co.,  S.  F. 

Vulcan  Powder  Company,  S.  F. 

Safety  Powder  Company,  S.  F. 

Leffei'a  Improved  Water  Wheel,  Springfield,  Ohio. 


The  Week. 


From  the  north,  south,  and  center  of  the 
State  cheering  statements  come  to  us  of  abun- 
dant rainfall  and  encouraging  prospects  for 
crops.  The  length  and  steadiness  of  the  storm 
has  entirely  quieted  the  uneasy  feeling  of  de- 
spondency which  had  crept  over  the  agricul- 
tural districts,  and  not  only  the  grain  grower 
and  fruit  producer,  but  the  stock  raiser  and  the 
wool  grower  partake  of  the  general  feeling  of 
encouragement  and  prophecy  better  times. 
After  the  months  of  doubb  and  anxious  expec- 
tancy as  to  the  action  of  Coagress  on  the 
Chinese  question,  this  week  has  brought  no  sat- 
isfaction in  the  passage  of  the  Anti-Chinese  bill 
through  the  Senate  and  its  return  to  the  House. 
There  is  little  doubt  but  that  it  will  become  a 
law.  Among  mining  men  some  excitement  and 
indignation  is  manifest  over  the  action  of  the 
Bonanza  companies  in  turning  hot  water  into 
the  Sutro  tunnel.  The  Bodie  strike  is  over. 
The  miners  have  failed  in  their  undertaking  and 
the  loss  is  mostly  on  themselves.  From  the 
East  the  welcome  news  comes  that  the  definite 
treaty  between  Russia  and  Turkey  has  taken 
effect,  and  that  the  Russian  troops  have  been 
ordered  home.  The  citizens  of  Alaska  have  ap- 
pealed for  aid  against  the  incursions  of  the  In- 
dians; and  it  is  humiliating  that  their  request 
should  have  to  be  made  to  the  British  corvette 
Osprey,  no  American  force  being  near  enough  to 
protect  them.  It  is  just  to  our  Government, 
however,  to  state  that  it  has  already  troops 
under  way  to  the  scene  of  difficulties  to  look 
after  its  interests.  The  collision  of  the  local 
ferry  boats  in  the  fog  looks  strongly  as  if  .there 
was  extreme  carelessness  somewhere,  and  it  is 
almost  a  miracle  that  no  lives  were  lost. 


The  Snake  River  Mines. 

We  have  lately  received  letters  from  parties 
in  different  sections  of  the  country  asking  for 
information  in  regard  to  the  Snake  River  mines; 
some  of  these  parties  inquiring  also  about  the 
agricultural  lands  in  that  region,  the  general 
features  of  the  country,  cost  and  best  routes  for 
getting  there,  climate,  seasons,  etc.  We  have 
within  the  past  few  months  published  a  number 
of  editorial  articles,  communications,  extracts 
from  other  papers,  etc.,  upon  this  subject. 
Still,  as  these  mines  are  beginning  to  attract  a 
good  deal  of  attention,  having  been  widely 
noticed,  of  late,  in  the  Idaho  and  Utah  press, 
we  will  endeavor  to  give  such  additional  infor- 
mation as  may  best  meet  the  inquiries  above 
alluded  to. 

Snake  river,  which  takes  its  rise  in  the  Wind 
River  range,  the  highest  portion  of  the  Rocky 
mountains,  runs  first  west  for  300  or  400  miles 
and  then  turning  north,  flows  about  an  equal 
distance,  where  it  unites  with  the  Columbia. 
From  the  last  of  May  till  the  1st  of  August, 
when  the  snow  is  melting  in  the  mountains,  it 
carries  as  much  water  as  the  Sacramento  at 
ordinary  stages,  but  much  less  during  the  rest 
of  the  year,  being  lowest  from  the  last  of  Sep- 
tember till  the  1st  of  May.  Its  principal  con- 
fluents are  a  North  and  a  South  Fork,  which 
unite  after  they  have  left  the  higher  mountains. 
The  main  stream  runs  first  for  about  200  miles 
through  a  canyon  with  sloping  banks,  deep  but 
not  difficult  to  approach.  It  then  enters  and, 
for  the  next  100  miles,  flows  through  a  gorge 
having  nearly  perpendicular  walls,  rendering 
approach  at  many  places  impossible,  and  every- 
where difficult.  There  is  at  the  Fort  Hall  In- 
dian reservation  a  considerable  extent  of  good 
land,  with  some  patches  elsewhere  along  the 
river;  the  total  amount  of  land  fit  for  cultiva- 
tion being  however  very  small.  The  Snake  is 
a  timberless  stream,  as  much  so  as  any  other 
liver  on  the  continent  for  its  length.  There  are 
forests  of  the  kind  usually  found  in  the  Wasatch 
and  Rocky  mountain  ranges  along  its  upper 
portions,  but  below  this  it  is  almost  wholly 
without  useful  timber  of  any  kind  whatever. 
There  are,  in  places,  a  sparse  growth  of  cotton- 
wood,  some  willow,  and  at  a  few  points  small, 
scattered  groves  of  spruce  and  pine,  one  of  these 
being  found  just  below  the  great  Shoshone 
falls,  the  spray  from  which  has  caused  their 
growth,  there  being  from  this  point  not  another 
tree  of  any  kind  in  sight.  Further  down  the 
stream  some  coniferous  trees  are  also  met  with. 
For  the  most  part,  however,  the  inhabitants 
along  and  near  the  Snake  have  to  depend  upon 
sage  brush  for  their  fuel. 

Besides  being  so  nearly  timberless,  the  coun- 
try through  which  this  river  flows  is  exceed- 
ingly dry  and  barren.  Not  only  are  the  fertile 
bottom  lands  along  it  of  limited  extent,  but  the 
entire  plateau  for  a  hundred  miles  or  more  on 
either  side  is  an  absolute  desert,  with  only  here 
and  there  a  productive  strip  of  land  bordering 
the  streams  that  at  long  intervals  make  into  the 
main  river.  The  country  produces  a  great  deal 
of  bunch  grass,  but  has  so  little  water  that  it 
is  almost  useless  for  grazing  purposes.  There 
are  some  fine  stock  ranges  on  Raft  river  and 
other  of  the  lower  confluents  of  the  Snake,  but 
these  have  all  been  occupied  for  many  years, 
leaving  but  little  chance  for  neV  comers  to  that 
region,  whether  their  object  be  cattle  raising  or 
farming.  In  regard  to  the  climate,  the  summers 
here  are  warm  and  the  winters  cold,  much  as 
everywhere  else  in  the  Great  Basin,  the  general 
level  of  the  country  having  an  altitude  of  about 
5,000  feet. 

The  first  discovery  of  gold  on  Snake  river 
was  made  in  the  fall  of  1869,  when  the  few 
adventurers  who  had  happened  to  drift  into 
that  region  proceeded  to  lay  claim  to  every 
thing  in  sight.  Not  much  work  was  done  that 
year,  but  the  news  of  discovery  spreading 
abroad,  a  considerable  emigration  set  that  way 
early  the  following  spring,  the  number  of  miners 
on  the  river  numbering  nearly  1,000  by  the  first 
of  June  of  that  year.  By  the  time  the  most  of 
them  got  in,  the  water  was  too  high  to  admit  of 
their  doing  much,  and,  as  everything  was 
claimed  and  held  at  high  prices,  the  majority  of 
them  left;  being  discouraged  at  the  prospect  of 
having  to  wait  so  long  for  the  river  to  fall ;  few 
of  them,  moreover,  having  the  means  or  being 
disposed  to  buy  claims  at  the  exorbitant  prices 
set  upon  them.  Where  any  were  sold  they 
brought  from  §50  to  §1500  each,  some  credit 
being,  in  most  cases,  given. 

Before  the  high  stage  of  water  the  miners 
here  had  made  from  six  to  ten  dollars  per  day 
working  with  rockers,  which  was  about  the  rate 
averaged  throughout  the  year.  In  September 
some  began  washing  with  sluices,  at  which 
rather  more  was  made.  The  section  of  the  river 
along  which  these  diggings  were  found,  com- 
menced near  Salmon  Falls  and  extended  50  or 
60  miles  up. 

By  the  spring  of  1871,  the  cream  had  been  so 
far  skimmed  from  the  richer  bars  that  the  claim 
holders,  generally  a  thriftless  set,  began  to  feel 
like  disposiug  of  their  interests  in  them.  But 
the  white  population  having  mostly  left  it  was 
not  now  so  easy  to  find  purchasers.  In  this 
emergency  these  properties  were  offered  to  the 
Chinese,  who  had  up  till  that  time  been  ex- 
cluded from  the  diggings.  With  the  exception 
of  a  few  rich  claims,  everything  along  the  river 
fell  that  year  into  the  hands  of  these  people, 
who  proceeded  to   work  out   the  bars  here   in 


their  quiet  and  patient  way,  making  what  to 
them  were  satisfactory  wages. 

Having  lost  all  interest  to  the  public,  nothing 
more  was  heard  of  these  Snake  River  placers 
from  this  time  on  till  the  past  summer,  when 
public  attention  began  to  be  turned  once  more 
towards  this  long  neglected  and  nearly  forgotten 
region.  Now.  great  difficulty  had  from  the 
first  been  experienced  in  saving  the  gold  found 
on  these  Snake  River  bars,  because  of  its  exceed- 
ing fineness,  scarcely  any  of  the  particles  being 
larger  than  the  grains  of  ordinary  black  sand, 
from  which  size  they  diminish  to  microscopic 
fineness.  Washing  with  the  gold-saving  ap- 
pliances before  in  use,  a  large  percentage  of  the 
gold  actually  contained  in  the  gravel  here  was 
lost,  a  result  that  had  much  to  do  with  causing 
the  early  abandonment  of  these  diggings  by  the 
whites. 

Last  year  parties  experimenting  with  this 
material  introduced  silver-coated  copper  plates 
into  their  sluices,  which  proved  so  effectual  in 
saving  the  fine  gold,  that  they  were  able  to 
make  good  wages  where  scarcely  anything  could 
be  made  washing  in  the  old  way.  This  fact 
becoming  known,  soon  induced  others  to 
have  recourse  to  the  same  method,  and  being 
found  to  work  so  well,  had  the  effect  to  awaken 
a  general  interest  in  these  mines.  In  the  mean- 
time new  placers  had  been  discovered  higher  up 
the  river,  as  well  as  additional  deposits  on  the 
bars  and  along  its  banks  further  down,  whereby 
the  field  of  practical  operations  has  undergone 
great  enlargement.  It  is  even  said  that  the  dig- 
gings at  some  point  along  the  stream  are  not 
confined  to  its  channel  or  immediate  banks,  but 
extend  back  some  distance  into  the  plains 
adjacent.  The  dust  is,  however,  everywhere 
extremely  fine,  being  what  is  known  as  float 
or  flour  gold,  and  capable,  therefore,  of  being 
saved  only  by  the  appliance  above  mentioned. 

Now,  while  these  placers  would  appear  to  be 
tolerably  extensive  and  capable  of  yielding  fair 
wages  to  parties  who  may  succeed  in  securing 
good  ground  and  have  the  means  for  outfitting 
aud  introducing  water  upon  it,  it  should  be 
borne  in  mind  by  those  who  may  think  of  emi- 
grating to  that  region,  that  it  requires  a  con- 
siderable amount  of  money  to  effect  the  above 
objects.  There  is  no  water  to  be  had  here  for 
washing,  except  that  taken  from  Snake  river. 
The  bars  and  ground  to  be  operated  upon  lie  at 
a  considerable  elevation  above  the  stream,  neces- 
sitating the  construction  of  ditches  often  several 
miles  long,  a  work  that  in  this  country  can  be 
accomplished  only  at  a  considerable  expense. 
In  other  words,  this  preliminary  outlay  will 
vary  from  one  to  three  or  four  thousand  dollars, 
according  to  the  length  of  the  ditches  to  be 
built  and  the  magnitude  on  which  operations 
are  to  be  carried  oh.  Men  who  go  there  with- 
out that  amount  of  money  at  command,  -will 
stand  but  a  poor  chance  of  being  able  to  work 
ground  on  their  own  account,  and  will  almost, 
necessarily,  have  to  work  on  hire  for  others. 
As  there  will  be  no  gre.it  demand  for  labor  in 
diggings  of  this  kind,  wages  will  not  be  high, 
while  the  cost  of  living  will  be  considerable. 
In  1S70,  the  wages  paid  hired  men  on  Snake 
river,  varied  from  §3  to  $4  per  day,  they  finding 
themselves.  These  will  probably  be  about  the 
rates  that  will  obtain  in  these  diggings  the 
coming  summer. 

Travel  to  and  from  that  country  will  be  found 
a  costly  item.  From  the  west  it  is  reached 
over  the  Central  Pacific  railroad,  the  point 
where  the  traveler  leaves  the  railroad,  depend- 
ing upon  what  portion  of  the  diggings  he  wishes 
to  go  to.  If  destined  for  any  point  much  below 
the  crossing  of  the  Kelton  and  Boisee  road,  he 
will  leave  at  Humboldt  Wells,  whence  there  is 
a  fair  wagon  road  and  a  good  pack  trail  to  the 
river.  As  there  is,  however,  no  public  convey- 
ance across  this  route,  parties  taking  it  will 
have  to  procure  riding  and  pack  animals  at  the 
Wells,  where  they  can  generally  be  obtained  at 
moderate  prices.  Parties  destined  for  any  point 
on  the  river  not  far  below,  or  within  sixty  or 
eighty  miles  above  this  crossing,  will  leave  the 
railroad  at  Kelton,  whence  there  is  a  good 
wagon  road  and  daily  stage  to  the  river.  From 
this  place  there  is  also  a  good  wagon  road  to 
Fort  Hall,  situated  on  the  river,  over  one 
hundred  miles  above  the  Boisee  crossing,  this 
being  the  old  emigrant  trail.  At  Kelton  it  is 
not  easy  to  get  either  riding  or  pack  animals 
for  prosecuting  this  part  of  the  journey.  Those 
desirous  of  going  to  any  point  on  the  river  above 
Fort  Hall — and  tins  we  take  it  will  be  the  case 
with  the  majority — will  go  on  to  Corrinne,  and 
there  leaving  the  Central  Pacific,  take  the  Utah 
Northern  railroad,  now  completed  to  Snake 
river. 

The  distance  from  the  Central  Pacific  road  to 
the  Snake  varies  from  one  hundred  and  twenty  to 
one  hundred  and  fifty  miles,  according  to  the 
point  to  be  reached.  This  part  of  the  journey, 
unless  made  over  the  Utah  Northern  narrow- 
gauge  road,  cannot  be  accomplished  with  much 
expedition  or  comfort,  as  it  lies  over  a  dry  and 
sterile  country,  tolerably  level  and  well  sup- 
plied with  bunch  grass,  but  badly  off  for  both 
wood  and  water.  The  man  who  leaves  Califor- 
nia or  Nevada  for  the  Snake  River  country,  de- 
pending upon  getting  employment  there,  should 
have,  at  least,  a  couple  of  hundred  dollars  to 
start  with,  the  one  to  take  him  out,  and  the 
other  to  bring  him  back,  in  case  he  wants  to 
come.  Without  observing  this  precaution,  there 
is  danger  that  the  scenes  of-  1S70  will  find 
repetition  this  summer.  From  June  to  October 
of  that  year,  scores  of  men  were  to  be  seen  mak- 
ing their  way  back  from  Snake  river  on  foot, 
the  most  of  them  sleeping  in  haystacks,  and  beg- 
ging their  meals  along  the  road.  Adventurers 
who  go  out  there  with  the  purpose   of   getting 


hold  of  a  mining  claim,  and  putting  the  same 
in  shape  for  successful  working  must,  as  before 
stated,  have  a  considerable  amount  of  means, 
or  they  will  very  likely  come  short  of  their  aim, 
if  they  are  not  wholly  disappointed. 

While  the  published  accounts  from  that  region 
are  mostly  encouraging,  some  of  them  extremely 
flattering,  it  should  be  remembered  how  gen- 
erally such  has  been  the  case  in  regard  to  this 
class  of  discoveries;  there  being  almost  always, 
between  claim  holders,  merchants,  stage  men 
and  other  common  carriers,  so  many  interested 
in  exaggerating  their  importance,  and  thereby 
exciting  a  premature  and  unhealthful  emi- 
gration. Then,  too,  by  this  time,  the  best  and 
most  available  ground  is  already  taken  up,  and 
if  for  sale,  held  at  high  prices;  leaving  those 
who  go  in  now  little  chance  to  get  hold  of  any- 
thing valuable  by  location.  For  nearly  a  year 
past,  that  country  has  been  full  of  claim  hunters, 
who,  if  they  have  not  managed  to  secure  every- 
thing worth  taking  up,  have  proved  false  to  the 
traditions  of  their  class,  more  especially  of  the 
average  Snake^River  prospector. 

Chinese  Immigration. 

The  leading  event  in  men's  minds  during  the 
week  has  been  the  passage  by  the  Senate  of  the 
House  bill  restricting  Chinese  immigration. 
This  measure  seems  to  represent  the  views  of  a 
great  majority  of  the  people  as  expressed  by  the 
Constitutional  Convention  and  the  public  prints. 
The  bill  now  goes  back  to  the  House  for  concur- 
rence in  the  Senate  amendments  and  then  to 
the  President  for  his  signature  or  veto,  as  the 
event  shall  prove. 

The  following  is  the  full  text  of  the  bill  as  it 
passed  the  Senate. 

Be  it  enacted,  etc.,  That  no  master  of  any 
vessel  owned  in  whole  or  in  part  by  a  citizen  of 
the  United  States,  or  by  a  citizen  of  any  foreign 
country,  shall  take  on  board  such  vessel  at  any 
port  or  place  within  the  Chinese  Empire,  or  at 
any  other  foreign  port  or  place  whatever,  any 
number  exceeding  15  Chinese  passengers, 
whether  male  or  female,  with  the  intent  to 
bring  such  passengers  to  the  United  States,  and 
leave  such  port  or  place  and  bring  such  passen- 
gers to  any  number  exceeding  15  on  one  voyage 
within  the  jurisdiction  to  the  United  States. 

Sec.  2.  That  whenever  the  master  or  other 
person  in  charge  of  any  vessel  takes  on  board 
the  same  at  any  foreign  port  or  place  any  greater 
number  of  Chinese  passengers  than  is  prescribed 
in  the  first  section  of  this  act,  with  intent  to 
bring  such  passengers  to  the  United  States,  and 
leave  such  port  or  place,  and  bring  such  passen- 
gers to  any  number  exceeding  15  on  one  voyage, 
within  the  jurisdiction  of  the  United  States,  he 
shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and 
shall,  for  each  passenger  so  taken  on  board  and 
brought  within  the  jurisdiction  of  the  United 
States,  exceeding  the  number  of  15,  be  fined 
$100,  and  may  also  be  imprisoned  for  not 
exceeding  six  months. 

Sec.  3.  That  the  master  of  any  vessel  arriving 
in  the  United  States,  or  of  any  of  the  Terri- 
tories thereof,  from  any  foreign  place  whatever, 
at  the  same  time  that  he  delivers  a  manifest  of 
the  cargo,  and  if  thereby  no  cargo,  then  at  the 
time  of  making  report  or  entry  of  the  vessel, 
pursuant  to  law,  shall,  in  addition  to  the  other 
matters  required  to  be  reported  by  law,  deliver 
and  report  to  the  Collector  of  the  district  in 
which  such  vessel  shall  arrive,  a  separate  list  of 
all  Chinese  passengers  taken  on  board  the  vessel 
at  any  foreign  port  or  place,  and  of  all  such 
passengers  on  board  the  vessel  at  that  time. 
Such  list  shall  be  sworn  to  by  the  master  in  the 
same  manner  as  directed  by  law  in  relation  to 
the  manifest  of  cargo,  and  refusal  or  neglect  of 
the  master  to  comply  with  the  provisions  of 
this  section  shall  receive  the  same  penalties, 
disabilities  and  forfeitures  as  are  provided  for  a 
refusal  or  neglect  to  report  and  deliver  a  mani- 
fest of  the  cargo. 

.Sec.  4.  That  the  amount  of  the  several  penal- 
ties imposed  by  the  foregoing  provisions  shall 
be  liens  on  the  vessels  violating  those  provisions, 
and  such  vessels  shall  be  libelled  therefor  in  any 
Circuit  or  District  Court  of  the  United  States, 
where  such  vessel  shall  arrive. 

Sec.  5.  That  nothing  herein  contained  shall 
be  held  to  repeal  or  modify  any  law  forbidding 
the  importation  of  coolies,  or  of  femaleB  for  im- 
moral purposes,  into  the  United  States;  pro- 
vided, that  no  Consul  or  commercial  agent  of 
the  United  States,  residing  in  any  port  from 
which  any  vessel  taking  Chinese  passengers 
may  take  her  departure,  shall  grant  the  certifi- 
cate provided  for  in  section  2,162  of  the  Revised 
Statutes  for  more  than  15  Chinese  passengers  on 
any  one  vessel. 

Sec.  6.  That  this  act  shall  not  apply  toper- 
sons  officially  connected  with  the  Chinese 
government,  or  any  Embassy  thereof,  or  to  per- 
sons rescued  from  shipwreck  during  the  voyage 
of  and  by  the  vessel  seeking  a  harbor  in  stress 
of  weather  within  the  jurisdiction  of  the  United 
States,  or  to  persons  who  may  only  seek  a  tem- 
porary residence  for  educational  purposes,  and 
who  shall  have  a  certificate  from  the  Chinese 
government  for  that  purpose. 

Sec.  7.  That  this  act  shall  take  effect  from 
and  after  the  first  day  of  July,  1879,  and  the 
President  of  the  United  States  shall  immediately 
on  the  approval  of  this  act  give  notice  to  the 
government  of  China  of  the  abrogation  of 
articles  five  and  six  of  the  additional  articles  of 
the  treaty  of  June  18,  1868,  between  the  United 
States  and  China,  proclaimed  February  5,  1S70, 
commonly  called  the  Burlingame  Treaty. 


\ 


February  22,  1879. j 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


121 


Fuel  Saving. 

Talk  to  ninety-nine  out  of  every  hundred 
coat  men  about  economy  of  combustible  and  it 
does  not  interest  them,  because  they  expect  a 
learned  treatise,  or  else  a  project  to  save  a  1  un- 
dred  dollars'  worth  of  coal  a  year  by  putting  up 
a  tw"  thousand  dollar  Apparatus.  This  article 
is  intended  for  the  ninety-nine. 

Iu  order  that  combustion  may  be  perfect,  it 
ia  necessary  that  the  fuel  and  the  burning  me- 
dium be  intimately  mixed;  which  cannot  wt  11 
take  place  unless  the  two  are  in  the  same  physical 
nature.  They  must  be  put  in  contact  at  the 
temperature  necessary  to  perfect  combination; 
their  contact  must  be  somewhat  prolonged  to 
ensure  this  elevation  of  temperature,  intimate 
mixture  and  perfect  burning.  The  proportions 
of  fuel  and  combusant  (which  is  the  beat  word 
we  can  tind  for  the  burning  medium)  should  bo 
exactly  that  which  is  necessary  to  the  desired 
result  of  combustion. 

\\\-  will  talk  lirst  about   a  free-burning  coal, 
having  a  composition  by  weight  of 
PON  L-arbon 65  kilos 

A-h 5  " 

Wuier)  ftbaorbed) 6  " 

Tar 6  " 

Lighting  gas — 20  ", 

T..U1 100  kilos 

*  Milking  27  cubic  meter*  at  0*  C. 

The  20  kilos  of  gas  have  about  the  following 
composition. 

Kilos.  Cubic  Haters. 

II— Hydrogen 0.24  2.67UD7 

<  8  IU 14.10 

C4  tli 1.00 

CO 2.00 

Mi:;  0.50 

IIS   0.20 

C02 0.70 


10.81414 
1.20475 
2.07858 
0.048S2 
0.12085 
0.35407 


tion  applied  to  the   foregoing  figures  gives  for 
the  gases  burned  the  following  composition: 
mba  1  Ion 

Oarbonlc  acid  <>(  combustion 

"  "i  the  Lighting  gas.  0. 70000 

water  01  combustion  I2.dn&8 

Bygrosooplo  water 5.00000 

Ammonia  ol  the  lighting  g*». 0  60000 

Sulphurous  acid,  BO»,  ol  combustion  0.87048 


Totals 20.00  20.07018 

Tn  this  coal  we  may  have  the  following  com- 
bustible elements  (counting  tar  as  C*H  also): 
Pure  carbon 65     kilos 

Tur  C4  H4 5 

Hydrogen  (H) 0.24 

04  HI    1-60 

02  114 14.10 

Carbonic  oxide  (CO) 2.60 

Bulphureted  hydrogen  (HS) 0.20 

Total 88.80  kilos 

Suppose  that  we  could  burn  these  elements 
perfectly,  we  could  get,  according  to  Favre  and 
Silbermann,  803,779.6  calorics  for  the  100  kilos. 
If  we  could  utilize  this  heat  perfectly  we  should 
be  able,  according  to  Regnault,  to  produce  for 
each  kilo  of  coal  1*2. G1S  kilos  of  dry^'steam  at  1 
atmosphere,  or  12.041  at  15  atmospheres.  It  is 
very  evident  that  we  do  not  get  these  results  in 
practice,  as  we  are  content  to  range  up  to  5 
kilos,  aud  seldom  run  over  4. 

In  about  all  the  boilers  now  used  we  employ 
a  naked  fuel-bed  and  natural  draft. 

Thanks  to  these  two  we  manage  to  lose  near- 
ly as  much  of  the  heat  as  is  possible.  In  general, 
combustion  in  a  grate  with  natural  draft  is 
not  chemically  good.  The  fuel  and  the  com- 
busant are  not  in  the  same  physical  condition 
— one  is  a  solid  and  the  other  a  gas,  and  they 
get  mixed  they  best  way  they  can — which  is  not 
saying  very  much.  Then  very  often  there  is  as 
high  as  30%  or  40%  of  water  carried  over  in  the 
steam.  But  it  is  to  the  ordinary  chimney  that 
we  owe  most  of  our  loss.  If  we  take  an  ordi- 
nary boiler  setting  we  find  the  following  causes 
of  loss  of  heat:  1st,  excess  of  air  owing  to  the 
use  of  a  grate;  2d,  the  employment  of  a  chim- 
ney; 3d,  lack  of  a  smoke  consumer;  4th,  cinders 
of  unconsumed  coal;  5th,  badly  built  boilers; 
6th,  radiation  from  the  fire-box  and  walls. 

Grouping  by  species  the  combustible  elements 
in  our  100  kilos  of  sample  coal,  we  find: 

Carbon 82.3914:1  kilos 

Hydrogen 4.73462      " 

Sulphur 0.18824      " 

Total 87 .31429  kilos 

These  need,  to  burn  them  thoroughly  into 
002  (  HO  and  SO2 ,  257-77563  kilos  of  oxygen. 
There  is  1.48571  kilos  of  this  oxygen  in  the  il- 
luminating gas;  so  have  256.28997  kilos  of  ox- 
ygen required  to  be  brought  in  from  outside,  as 
part  of  the  air;  and  to  furnish  this  requires 
1114.30422  kilos  of  air.  As  a  temperature  of 
O^G  and  with  barometer  at  760  mm  this  would 
occupy  861.797  cubic  meters. 

Now,  with  a  grate  and  a  natural  draft  it  is 
not  possible  to  admit  just  this  quantity  of  air. 
The  grate  is  an  obstruction — the  air  does  not  cir- 
culate freely  in  the  fuel  bed;  and  hence  we  en- 
deavor to  increase  the  grate  areas  and  quicken 
the  draft.  We  generally  allow  space  enough 
for  double  the  requisite  quantity  of  air.  The 
gases  enter  the  base  of  the  chimney  at  temper- 
atures, running  up  as  high  as  500°  C.  (  =  932°  F.) 
in  the  case  of  metallurgical  furnaces — not  so 
high  in  the  case  of  ordinary  boilers,  suppose  we 
say  370°  C.  -572°  F. 

The  caloricity  of  air  ia,  according  to  Keg- 
nault, in  weight,  0.22727  at  zero.  Applying 
this  to  our  case,  and  supposing  that  we  intro- 
duce an  excess  of  1114.30422  kiloa,  and  that  it 
escapes  at  500°  C,  the  loss  of  heat  will  be 
132.195  calorics,  or  16%.  In  puddling  furnaces 
and  express  locomotives  it  often  passes  this  on 
account  of  the  sudden  introduction  of  great  cur- 
rents of  cold  air. 

The  loss  from  chimney  draft  alone  is  25%  of 
the  heat  furnished  by  the  combustion  of  the 
coal.  Even  supposing  that  the  combustion  was 
complete  and  without  excess  of  air,  the  caleula- 


Total.. ia 

The  calorific  equivalent  of  these  gases  counts 
up  to  288. 25582,  and  supposing  them  to  escape 
al  500  «'. .  the  tofal  heat  carried  off  by  them 
amounts  to  144.12766  calorics,  or  18%, even  sup- 
posing an  exactly  perfect  combustion. 

The  loss  in  suiuke  is  considerable.  The  coal 
and  air  cannot  be  intimately  mixed,  and  hence 
combustion  is  not  perfect.  The  "smoke"  may 
be  colorless  and  yet  contain  considerable  quan- 
tities of  combustible  gases— that  which  black- 
ens smoke  is  merely  impalpable  carbon  mechan- 
ically carried  over.  Dehette  states  the  loss 
from  smoke  as  9;1  at  least,  and  analyses  have 
shown  sometimes  as  high  as  24%.  Experiments 
at  Ma  lhouee give  15%;  Ebelmen  found  7%;  Sie- 
mens found  40%.  We  might  Bay  20%  without 
very  far  overshooting  the  mark. 

The  loss  from  cinders,  that  is,  unburned  coal, 
varies.  In  the  case  of  locomotives— where 
they  are  not  recovered— it  ia  very  considerable. 
In  metallurgical  furnaces  it  is  also  large— fre- 
quent stirring  causes  the  particles  to  free — and 
in  burning  below  they  cause  great  discomfort  to 
the  puddler.  In  experiments  at  Cherbourg, 
Trcsca  and  Silbermann  found  25%  of  cinders; 
but  we  are  hardly  justified  in  saying  that  the 
loss  here  will  run  over  15%. 

In  calculating  the  heating  power  of  our  coal, 
we  have  adopted  for  the  calorific  power  of 
hydrogen  34,462;  but  this  is  the  heat  given  out 
in  burning  hydrogen  into  water.  Now  this 
water  has  to  be  vaporized  at  an  expense  of  heat 
equal  to  at  least  29,102  calorics,  (48  kilos  X 
606.5,  which  is  the  latent  heat  of  vaporization  of 
water).  These  29,102  calorics  represent  3.6% 
loss. 

We  have  atill  another  loaa,  that  due  to  radia-  f 


the  carbon  completely  oxidized.  The  first  draft 
causes  a  loss  of  heat  equal  to  20  ..  The  eases 
escape  from  the  chimney  at  200*  C.  [39?  P.) 
aud  higher,  and  we  might  place  the  loss  from 
the  second  draft  at  It*  J.  The  loss  from  incom- 
plete Combustion    is   lessened  and  may  be  stated 

at  5  instead  of  10  .  The  vaporizing  of  the  48 
kilos  of  water  takes  place  here,  of  curse,  with 
its  attendant  loss.  We  might  then  consider  the 
useful  effect  of  the  gas  furnace  diminished  by 
the  following  losses; 
Oxidising  the  carbon ."  20,02 

I   tar 7,4;/ 

Second  draft 10.0% 

Smoke   5.0% 

Kadiatiun &'&% 

Vaporizing  18  Uioa  ol  water 3.0% 

Total      ig  5 

Or  nearly  one-half.  As  the  ordinary  system? 
waste  73»5,  we  have  its  saving  over  the  other 
24  of  what  the  coal  ought  to  do,  and  its  useful 
effect  24 -t-2oV6= 90. 56%.  We  can,  however,  see 
a  wide  Held  fur  inventive  genius. 

Thomson  &  Evans  Pump. 

We  saw  this  week  at  the  machine  shop  of 
Thomson  &  Evans,  112  Beale  street,  a  new 
water  cylinder  for  the  large  steam  pump  of  the 
Empire  coal  mine,  at  Mount  Diablo.  The  water 
cylinder  is  7$  inches  iu  diameter  and  3  feet 
stroke,  and  the  steam  cylinder  18-inch  diameter. 
This  pump  ia  intended  to  lift  the  water  600  feet 
at  one  lift. 

The  water  cylinder  end  of  the  pump  ia  some- 
what peculiar  in  the  arrangement  of  the  valvea. 
The  valve  plates  are  separate  from  the  chests, 
and  made  torit  in  between  the  auction  pipe  and 
valve  cheats  so  that  the  whole  plate  may  be  re- 
moved by  taking  out  a  few  bolts.  It  is  then 
only  a  few  minutes  work  to  remove  the  plates 
and  put  in  new  ones  when  they  wear.  Hand 
holes  are  also  made  in  the  cheats  through  which 
any  of  the  valves   may  be  taken  out  separately. 


THOMSON    &    EVANS    CRANK     AND    FLY-WHEEL    PUMP. 


tion,  melting  of  ashes,  etc. ;  but  we  will  not 
count  this  now.  We  have  already  found  the 
following  percentages  of  loss  : 

1.  Excess  of  air 10    % 

2.  Chimney 18    % 

3.  Smolce 20    % 

4.  Cinders 15     % 

5.  Vaporizing  48  kilos  of  water 3.6% 

0.  Uadiation,  etc (?) 

Total 72.6% 

We  may  say  then  73%  of  loss  by  the  use  of  a 
grate  and  natural  draft.  To  obviate  this,  we 
find  that  there  are  employed  ;  1.  Rocking 
grates.  2.  The  introduction  of  hot  or  cold  air 
at  various  points.  3.  Smoke-consu  ming  fire- 
places with  steam  jets  over  the  flame,  on  the 
coal,  or  in  the  chimney.      4.   "Gas  furnaces." 

The  first  series  are  in  many  cases  excellent, 
but  are  complicated.  The  second  have  given 
good  results  in  some  cases;  but  many  of  them 
cause  the  introduction  of  too  much  air,  and  only 
exaggerate  the  first  loss.  The  third  gets  a  little 
nearer  the  bottom  of  the  question.  They  aid 
-the  mixture  of  the  gaseous  matters;  but  the 
steam  injected  absorb3  heat  by  its  partial 
decomposition,  increases  the  loss  through  the 
chimney,  and  costs  too  much.  One  smoke  con- 
sumer (Thierey's)  saves  10%,  but  it  coats  in  live 
steam,  enough  coal  to  count  up  to  8%,  leaving 
an  economy  of  only  2%. 

Of  gas  furnaces,  the  beat  known  is  that  of 
Siemens.  The  generator  ia  not  "blown,"  the 
heat  produced  by  the  oxidation  of  the  carbon  is 
lost,  and  the  gases  produced  lose  their  heat 
before  coming  to  the  regenerator.  The  heat  set 
free  by  the  first  transformation  of  the  carbon  is 
160,745  calorics,  or  about  20%  loss.  There  is  a 
certain  quantity  of  tar  deposited  in  the  passages. 
Supposing  that  its  sale  pays  for  taking  it  out, 
we  have  a  loaa  of  heat  of  11,588x5  =  59,290 
calorics,  or  7.4%.  The  radiation  from  the  fur- 
nace ia  not  saved,  and  it  is  very  considerable  in 
this  system.  Krans  states  it  at  27,750  calorics, 
which  is  in  our  case,  3.5%. 

Being  of  natural  draft,  the  thickness  of  com- 
bustible ia  limited.  With  a  forced  combustion, 
the  thickness  of  the  bed  could  be  increased  and 


The  valve  slides  on  a  spindle  which  screws  into 
the  spider,  there  being  a  apring  on  the  spindle, 
back  of  the  valve.  The  outer  euda  of  the  spin- 
dles have  a  handle  by  which  they  may  be  un- 
screwed when  the  valves  need  facing  up  or  new 
washers.  Separate  valves  are  kept  on  hand 
and  may  be  put  in  in  a  few  minutes  and  the  old 
ones  removed.  This  construction  has  been 
found  necessary,  as  the  water  in  the  mine  is 
very  bad  and  eats  out  the  valves  and  plates 
very  quickly.  These  pumps  were  made  with 
the  object  iu  view  of  being  able  to  quickly 
change  the  valves  and  plates,as  it  is  so  frequent- 
ly necessary. 

They  manufacture  at  this  shop,  a  style  of 
crank  and  fly  wheel  pump  of  the  type  illus- 
trated on  this  page,  which  has  become  a 
favorite  for  boiler  feed  for  steamboats,  etc.  The 
yoke  ia  solid,  the  piston  rod  for  both  chambers 
being  in  one  piece.  Uaually  the  yoke  is  open 
and  the  rod  in  two  pieces  so  that  a  certain 
amount  of  play  ia  allowed  after  the  pump  is 
used  a  short  time.  With  thia,  however,  the 
yoke  ia  aolid  and  the  pump  always  runs  true 
without  any  chance  of  getting  out  of  order. 
The  valves  are  so  arranged  aa  to  be  easily  ac- 
cessible, for  repair.  Mr.  Watson,  chief  engineer 
of  the  California  Sugar  Refinery,  ia  running  one 
of  these  pumps  1,800  feet  from  the  well  from 
which  the  supply  is  drawn,  and  it  pumps  100,- 
000  gallons  of  water  a  day,  to  a  hightof  60  feet. 
He  says,  aa  regards  economy  and  durability,  it 
ia  superior  to  any  direct-acting  pump.  Thia 
one  has  a  10-inch  steam  and  5-inch  water  cyl- 
inder, with  18-inches  stroke.  A  number  of 
theae  pumps  are  used  on  steamers  on  the  bay. 
On  the  tuga  they  put  a  pinion  on  the  shaft  and 
gear  wheel  on  the  gipsy,  and  by  means  of  the 
pump  haul  in  hawsers  and  light  loads  on  the 
gipsy.  They  are  also  uaed  for  wrecking  pumpa, 
etc.  

A  committee  of  the  Illinois  Legislature  has 
decided  to  report  that  the  rates  of  the  Pullman 
Car  Company  are  not  exorbitant,  as  the  divi- 
dends are  only  8%. 

The  rainfall  so  far  this  season  is  11.40  inches- 


The   Dead  Mining    Towns    and   What 
They  Teach. 

John  Muir,  the  mountain  climber  and  pleasant 
writer  upon  what  may  be  seen  at  these  high 
altitudes,  has,  iu  the  Bulletin  of  recent  date,  a 
characteristic  letter  wherein  he  describes  the 
dead  towns  and  mining  camps  met  with  in  his 
peregrinations  through  the  State  of  Nevada, 
The  defunct  are  many  and  melancholy  to  be- 
hold, as  being  the  woful  evidences  of  a  vast 
amount  of  energy  misapplied  and  capital  mis- 
spent. And  it  would  be  well  if  these  monu- 
ments of  waste  and  folly  were  confined  to 
Nevada]  which  they  are  not.  We  find  them 
throughout  the  entire  mining  region  of  the 
Pacific  coast.  They  exist  in  Utah  and  Colora- 
do; in  Idaho  and  Montana;  in  Arizona,  the 
youngest,  and  in  California,  the  oldest  of  our 
mining  countries;  though  it  is  but  fair  to  say, 
that  fewer  of  them  are  to  be  found  in  this  State 
than  anywhere  else.  We  have  here,  to  be  sure, 
many  of  these  nearly  deserted  and  much  dilapi- 
dated towns;  places  that  were  once  populous, 
prosperous  and  musical  with  the  hum  of  busi- 
ness. Cut  aa  a  general  thing  they  were  not, 
like  the  towns  of  which  the  mountain  climber 
speaks,  premature  and  uncalled  for— brought 
into  existence  through  a  forded  and  unnatural 
growth.  They  were  built  for  the  accomodation 
of  the  business  pertaining  to  and  of  the  miners 
employed  in  the  diggings  about  them.  When 
these  latter  were  exhausted,  the  miners  left, 
business  ceased,  and  tlrese  towns  went  to  decay. 
But  they  had  subserved  the  end  for  which  they 
were  built,  and  when  they  perished,  no  one  was 
disappointed,  and  no  one  specially  suffered. 
The  exceptions  to  this  rule  here  in  California, 
are  found  in  the  towns  of  Meadow  Lake,  Silver 
Mountain,  Panamint  and  a  few  other  less  signal 
instances. 

In  Nevada,  John  Muir  might  have  added  a 
good  many  notable  examples  to  the  number  of 
the  "late  deceased,"  mentioned  in  his  letter  to 
the  Bulletin.  The  empty  towns  and  the  well 
filled  graveyards  are  not  confined  (and  he  inti- 
matea  as  much)  to  the  Toiyaba  range,  the  Schell- 
burn  canyon  and  the  localities  about  Treasure 
Hill.  They  stand  on  the  hill  slopes,  ait  in  the 
deserts  and  look  out  from  the  mouths  of  the 
dark  ravinea  everywhere  over  that  whole 
country.  They  abound  in  fact,  as  we  aaid  be- 
fore, in  all  the  States  and  Territoriea  west  of 
and  adjacent  to  the  Rocky  mountains.  Even 
in  the  gloomy  woods  of  Waahiugton  and  British 
Columbia  we  encounter  them.  Whatcom, 
deserted  almost  as  soon  aa  it  was  built,  sits  a 
ruin  on  the  beautiful  waters  of  Puget  sound. 
Port  Douglas,  once  the  hopeful  entrepot  for  the 
Upper  Frasier  river  country,  is  now  almost 
without  an  inhabitant,  while  Hope,  Yale 
and  Langly,  at  one  time  places  of  considerable 
size  and  very  great  expectations,  are  reduced  to 
almost  the  same  condition.  Arizona,  as  a  min- 
ing country,  being  so  comparatively  young,  it 
might  be  thought  would  lack  these  examples  of 
superanuation  in  youth;  yet  she  has  them  too. 
La  Paz  is  not;  Gila  City  has  outlived  its  useful- 
ness,  and  Lyousvillehas  been  extinguished,  to  say 
nothing  of  the  A^ztec  remains  that  relate  to  the 
doinga  of  another  race  and  an  earlier  day.  They 
are,  indeed,  everywhere  all  too  numerous,  these 
evidences  of  mistaken  enterprise  and  capital 
wasted — these  monuments  of  illusive  hopes,  vain 
plantings  and  unrequited  toil. 

But  sad  and  numeroua  aa  they  are,  theae  ruins 
scattered  over  the  great  interior  wilderness, 
they  represent  but  one  aspect  of  the  case.  There 
are  other  ruins  behind  these  even  more  deplor- 
able, and  of  which  they  are  only  the  outward 
exponent.  There  is  the  financial  ruin  that  so 
much  wasted  means  and  profitless  expenditure 
have  lead  to.  There  is  the  ruined  credit  of  the 
merchant,  the  farmer,  and  the  manufacturer; 
the  ruined  hoard  of  the  laboring  man;  the 
ruined  deposit  at  the  safety  bank;  and  the  gen- 
eral ruin  worked  to  the  gatherings  of  all  classes 
of  the  community,  for  all  have  been  made  to 
contribute  of  their  means  towarda  this  great 
outlay. 

Without  censuring  the  men  who  were  chiefly 
instrumental  in  causing  ao  great  a  misapplica- 
tion of  money,  it  having  been  in  large  measure 
the  i*esult  of  an  ignorant  over-zeal,  it  would  not 
be  out  of  place  to  remind  these  parties  when 
they  upbraid,  the  community,  as  they  often  do 
for  their  backwardness  in  contributing  towards 
the  development  of  the  mines,  how  very  liberal 
theae  contributions  have  already  been,  and  to 
what  poor  purpose  they  have  sometimes  been 
expended.  Let  the  prospector,  claim  holder, 
and  the  promoters  of  mining  schemes  in  general, 
remember  how  badly  investors  in  thia  class  of 
enterprises  have  heretofore  fared,  aud  seek  to 
diminish  the  chances  of  their  loosing  when  ap- 
plying to  them  for  money  aid  in  future. 

On  the  other  hand  it  should  be  recollected 
that  while  so  many  of  these  early  projects  came 
to  grief,  it  doea  not  follow  that  the  mines  which 
they  were  designed  to  open  up  were  worthless 
or  otherwise  in  fault.  Many  of  the  districts 
that,  under  the  firat  repulse,  were  abandoned, 
have  siuce,  under  a  wiser  application  of  means 
and  through  better  directed  aud  more  persiatent 
efforta,  show  themselves  to  be  rich  in  mineral 
wealth,  some  of  them  being  now  among  the 
most  productive  on  the  coast.  The  mistakes 
that  lead  to  their  abandonment  resulted  mostly 
from  want  of  experience.  They  were  incidental 
to  the  times  and  scarcely  avoidable.  With  our 
changed  conditions,  they  should  no  longer 
occur,  or  if  they  do,  should  not  be  ao  readily 
condoned  aa  in  times  gone  by. 


m 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    t>RES$. 


[February  22,  1879. 


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Scientific  and  Practical  Books 
on  Mining,  Metallurgy,  Etc. 

Published  or  issued,  wholesale  and  retail,  by   DEWEY  & 
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BY  GU1DO   KUSTEL, 

Mixing  Engineer  and  Metallurgist. 

Boasting  of  Gold  and  Silver  Ores,  and  the 
Extraction"  of  their  respective  Metals  without  Quick- 
silver.    1S70. 

This  rare  book  on  the  treatment  of  gold  and  silver  ores 
without  quicksilver,  is  liberally  illustrated  and  crammed 
full  of  facts.  It  gives  short  and  eoncisedescriptiuns  of  va- 
rious processes  and  apparatus  employed  in  this  country 
and  in  Europe,  and  explains  the  why  and  wheretore 

It  contains  142  pages,  embracing  illustrations  of  fur- 
naces, implements  and  working  apparatus. 

It  is  a  work  of  great  merit,  by  art  author  whose  reputa- 
tion is  unsurpassed  in  his  specialty. 
Price,  $2.50  coin,  postage  free. 

Concentration  of  Ores  (of  all  kinds),  including 
the  Chlorination  Process  for  Gold-bearing  Sulphurets, 
Arseniurets,  and  Gold  and  Silver  Ores  generally,  with 
120  Lithographic  Diagrams.     1S67. 

This  work  is  unequaled  by  any  other  published,  embrac- 
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and  regarded  by  its  readers;  containing,  as  it  does,  much 
essential  information  to  the  Miner,  Millman,  Metallurgist, 
and  other  professional  workers  in  ores  and  minerals,  which 
cannot  he  found  elsewhere  in  print.  It  alio  abounds 
throughout  with  facts  and  instructions  rendered  valuable 
by  being  clearly  rendered  together  and  in  simple  or- 
der. It  contains  120  diagrams,  illustrating  machinery, 
etc.,  which  alone  are  of  the  greatest  value.     PRICE,  $7.5 


MINING  LAWS  AND   DECISIONS. 

Copp's  Hand  Book  of  Mining1  Laws. 

In  this  little  work  is  given  the  United  States  Mining 
Laws  and  Instructions.  Also,  a  digest  of  the  decisions 
under  the  laws,  by  the  Secretarj  of  the  Interior  and 
Commissioner  of  the  General  Land  Office. 

Forms  are  given  for  making  out  notice  of  location 
proof  of  labor,  application  for  survey,  and  in  fact  all  the 
blanks  a  miner  needs. 

There  is  also  a  list  of  all  the  mines  for  which  U.  S. 
Patents  have  been  obtained  from  July,  1866,  to  August, 
1S77,  with  location,  township  and  range. 

A  handy  companion  for  miners.  Price  $1,  post  paid. 
Address 

DEWEY    &    CO., 
202  Sansome  Street,  S-  F 


WATER  TANKS  of  any  capacity  made  entirely 
by  machinery.  Materials  the  best  in  use;  construction  not 
excelled.  Pan  Staves,  Tubs  md  Oak  Guides  foi 
mining  purposes  a  specialty. 

WELLS,    RUSSELL    &    CO., 
Mechanics'    Mills,    Cor.    Mission    and    Fremont  Streets. 


South    Pacific    Coast    Railroad. 

New  Route  (Narrow-Gauge.) 

Commencing  Monday,  September  30th,  1878,  boats  and 
trains  will  leave  San  Francisco  daily  from  the  New  Ferry 
Landing,  foot  of  Market  street,  at  5:30  a.  M.,  3:0fl  A.  M.,  and 
4:00  p.  M.  for  ALAMEDA,  SAN  JOSE,  LOS  GATOS. 
ALMA,  and  all  way  stations. 

Stages  connect  with  9:00  a.  m.  train  at  Alma  for  Santa  Cruz. 

EXCURSION  TICKETS  will  b.;  sola  Saturday  afternoons 
and  Sunday  mornings  from  San  Francisco  and  Alameda  to 
San  Jose,  Los  Gatoa,  and  Congress  Springs,  and  return,  at 
reduced  rates,  good  only  until  Monday  evening  following 
date  of  purchase. 

FEBEIES  AND  LOCAL  TRAINS,  DAILY. 

From  San  Francisco.— 5:30,  |6:40,  9:00,  10:30  A.  M.;  1:30,  4:00, 

5:15.  6:30  p.  M. 
From  High  Street,  Alameda.— 15: 10,  7:40,  9:04  A.  m.;  12  M.; 
2:40,  4:00.  5:16,  6:24  p.  m. 

tDaily,  Sunday  excepted. 
The  Company  are  prepared  to  carry  vehicles  of  all  kinds  on 
the  Ferry,  t<j  and  from  San  Francisco,  Alameda  and  Oakland. 
THOS.  CARTER.  GEO.  H.  WAGGONER, 

Superintendent  Gen'l  Passenger  Agent 


F.  MOORECROFT, 

Stone  Seal  Engraver. 

THURLOW    BLOCK, 

Room  33,  126  Kearny  St.,  Cor.  Sutter,  San  Francisco. 


Coats  of  Arms,  Crests,  MonogTams  and  Ma- 
sonic Inscriptions  Carefully  Engraved. 


ciiewiiKl^r ' 

Awarded  highest  prize  at  Centennial  Exposition  for 
fine  chcuing  qualities  and  excellence  and  lasting  cliar- 
aeter  of  sioectening  and  flavoring.  Tho  best  tobacco 
ever  made.  As  our  blue  strip  trade-mark  is  closely 
imitated  on  inferior  poods,  see  that  Jackson's  Best  is 
on  every  pine;.  Sold  by  nil  dealers.  Send  for  sample, 
tree,  to  C-  A.  Jackson  &  Co.,  Mfrs.,  Petersburg,  Mt 

L   &  E.  WERTHHEIMER,  Ag'ts,  San  Francisco. 


The  Large  Circulation  of  the  Min- 
ing  and  Scientific  Press  extends  through- 
out the  mining  districts  of  California,  Nevada, 
Utah,  Colorado,  Arizona,  Idaho,  Montana- 
British  Columbia,  and  to  other  parts  of  North 
and  South  America.  Established  in  1860,  it 
has  long  been  the  leading  Mining  Journal  of 
the  continent,  its  varied  and  reliable  contents 
giving  it  a  character  popular  with  both  its 
reading  and  advertising  patrons. 


feli$ipe&$  uirectory. 


Wil.    BAHTLINQ.  HBNRY   KIM  BAIL  ' 

BARTLING    &    KIMBALL, 
BOOKBINDERS, 

Paper  Rulers  &  Blank  Book  Manufacturers.  || 
505  Clay  Street,(southweat  corner  Sansome), 

SAN  FRANCISCO. 


Lewis  Peterson. 


John  Olsbo*. 


PETERSON   &  OLSSON, 

Model  Makers,  and  Manufacturers  of  Em- 
blematic Sigrns.    Models  for  the  Patent 
Office,  in  Wood  or  Metal,  a  Specialty, 

NO-    328   BUSH   STREET, 

Bet.  Montgomery  and  Kearny,  (up  stairs),  San  Francisco. 
All  kinds  of  tin,  copper  and  brass  work  made  to  order. 


San  Francisco  Cordage  Company." 

Established    1856. 

We  have  just  added  a  large  amount  of  new  machinery  o|  I 
the  latest  and  most  improved  kind,  and  are  again  prepared  I 
to  fill  orders  for  Rope  of  any  special  lengths  and  sizes.  Con^  I 
stantly  on  hand  a  large  stuck  of  Manila  Rope,  all  sizes  I 
Tarred  Manila  Rope;  Hay  Rope;  Whale  Line,  etc  ,  etc 
TUBBS  &  CO., 
611  and  613  Front  Street,  San  Francisco 


BUYER 

—AND— 

COMMISSION  MERCHANT. 

The  undersigned,  after  an  experience  of  forty  years  In  the 
Grocery  Business,  has  opened  an  office  at  No  24  CALIFOR- 
NIA STREET,  corner  Drumm,  for  buying  and  selling  all 
kinds  of  Goods.  Parties  throughout  the  States  and  Territo- 
ries wishing  an  Agent  in  this  Market  for  the  transaction  of 
their  business,  by  entrusting  the  Bame  to  me,  |  can  Lave 
special  rates  made,  with  full  guarantee  of  satisfaction,  or  no 
charge  for  services. 

With  twenty-five  years'  experience  in  thi3  Market,  I  think 
I  can  suit  one  and  all,  both  as  a  buyer  and  seller.  All  I  ssk 
is  atrial.  I  will  also  have  a  Ladies'  Department,  under  Hie 
management  of  a  lady  of  experience  and  taste,  who  will  fill 
all  orders  for  your  wives  and  daughters.  Orders  for  thlr 
this  Department  should  be  endorsed:  "For  Lady  Buyer." 

All  parties  ordering  will  be  required  to  send  funds  with 
order  or  satisfactory  reference,    Respectfully, 

WHEELER   MARTIN, 

24  California  Street,  San  Francisco, 

REFERS    BY    PERMISSION. 

Rouutreefc  McClure 40t  Front  Street 

J.  M.  Pike&Co 101  and  103  California  Street 

Marcus  C.  Hawley  &  Co Corner  Market  and  Beale  Stfl 

Cutting  Packing  Co 17  to  41  Main  Street 

W.  W.  Montague  &  Co 112  to  120  Battery  Street 

E.  Martin  &  Co 408  Frunt  Street 

Wellman,  Peck  &  Co 416  and  418  Front  Strew 

Wheaton  &  Luhrs 219  Front  Streets 

Dcun'ng,  Palmer  &  Co 202  and  204  DaviB  Street* 

Axmes  &  Dallam 115  and  117  Front  Street* 


CAUTION 

To  Hydraulic  Miners. 

The  public  generally  and  Hydraulic  Miners  especiallvi 
are  hereby  notiGed  that  any  parties  making  or  using  tlie 
contrivance  known  as  the  HOSKIN  DEFLECTOR  will  be 
prosecuted  To  the  full  extent  of  the  law,  said  machine 
having  been  declared  by  the  U.  S.  Circuit  Court  an  in- 
fringement upon  my  patent,  the 

Bloomfield  Deflecting  Nozzle. 

The  public  are  also  cautioned  against  using  the  Hoskint 
Deflector  because  of  its  danger  to  life  and  limb,  this  d& 
vice  having  already  occasioned  several  deaths  and  otheil 
serious  accidents.  The  BLOOMFIELD  DEFLECTOR  il 
entirely  safe,  its  two  and  a  half  years  use  without  acd* 
dent,  as  well  as  its  construction,  proves  it  to  be  a  reliable 
contrivance. 

Any  parties  wishing  to  purchase  the  right  to  use  these 
Deflectors  can  do  so  by  applying  to  the  undersigned, 

HENRY  C.  PERKINS,  , 
North  Bloomfield,  Nevada  Co.,  Cal.,  Octo- 
ber 1st,  1878. 


J.  S.  PHILLIPS,  m.  i 

Consulting  Engineer  §  Metallurgist,  - 
Examiner  of  Mines  and  Assayer, 

702     CALIFORNIA     STREET, 
Author  of—  — — »  *•  ■  San  Fhancmco. 

The  Explorers',  Miners' and  Metallurgists' Companion, 

672  pages,  83  Illustrations,  (2d  Edition.)    Price $  10  50 

The  prospector's  "  Wee  Pet  "  Assayer,  (Patented) 100  Off 

The  Testing  Machine  for  Gold,  Silver,  Lead,  etc 40  w 

The  "Little  Wonder"  Self-calculating  Sample  and 

I'u'ton  Weigher.  (Patented) 25  00 

Blow-pipi.-.ts'  Pocket  Laboratory  of  Toole,  FluxeB.  etc.    50  00 

Vest  Pocket  Blowpipe 3  Off 

CHARGES.— Assaying,  S3;  Testing,  $2permetaL 

Assaying  and  Testing  Taught. 


PRINTER'S   PROOF  PRESS, 

COMPLETE   AND    IN   GOOD    WORKING    ORDER, 

|Por  Sale  at  this  ofllce, 

AT   THE    LOW    PRICE    OF    $37-50. 

(tSTCall  aud  ace  it.TEl 


P"Mt:M  Superior  Wood  and  Metal  Engrav- 
rnfiTHViniJ  inBi  Electrotyping  and  Stereotypy 
*-  ■  ■  D  '  W  *  '  D  "  iiuj  done  at  tie  office  of  the  MmlM 
and  Scientific  Pekss,  San  Francisco,  at  favorable  rattift 
Bend  stamp  for  our  similar  and  samples. 


February  22,  1879. j 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


123 


fletalllirgy  apd  dreg! 

Nevada    Metallurgical    Works, 

No.  23    STEVENSON  STREET, 
Near  First  and  Market  Streets. 

Orea  worked  by  any  proce«e. 

Orea  uampletL 

AjaaAYHfQ  iu  all  its  branches. 

Analysis  of  Ores,  Minerals,  Waters,  etc. 

Working  tests  made. 

Plans  furnished  for  the  most  suitable  process 
lor  working  Ores. 

Special  attention  paid  to  Examinations  of 
Mines;  plans  and  reports  furnished. 

E.  HTJHN, 

C.  A.  LUCKHARDT, 
Minlngr  Engineers  and  Metallurgists 

JOHN  TAYLOR  &  CO., 

s       Importers  of  and  Dealers  in 

ASSAYERS'   MATERIALS, 

CHEMICAL  APPARATUS  AND  CHEMICALS,  DRUG- 
GISTS' GLASSWARE  AND  SUNDRIES,  Etc. 

512  &  618  Washington  St.,  San  Francisco 


We  would  call  the  special  attention  of  Assayera,  Chem- 
ists, Mining  Companies,  HllllPg  Companies,  Prospectors, 
ote. ,  to  our  stock  of  Clay  Crucibles,  Muffles,  Dry  Cujuj, 
etc,  manufactured  by  the  Patent  Plumbago  Cruci- 
ble Co..  of  London,  England,  for  which  we  have 
bean  made  Sole  Agents  for  tM  Pacific  Coast.  Circulars 
v.  irli  j  1  rices  will  he  sent  upon  application. 

Also,  to  our  ];iri;i:  and  well  adapted  stock  of 

Assayers'  Materials  &  Chemical  Apparatus, 

Having  been  engaged   in  furnishing  these  supplies  since 
thu  first  discovery  of  mines  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 

4arOur  Cold  and  Silver  Tables,  showing  the  value  per 
ounce  Troy  at  different  degrees  of  fineness,  and  valuable 
tables  for  compulation  of  assays  in  grains  and  grammes, 
will  be  sent  free  upon  application. 

JOHN    TAYLOR    &    CO. 

LEOPOLD   KUH, 

(Formerly  of  the  U.  S.  Branch  Mint,  S.  F.) 

Assayer    and    Metallurgical    Chemist, 

No.  611  COMMERCIAL  STREET, 
(Between  Montgomery  and  Keamy,) 

Sak  Francisco,  Cal. 


OTTOKAR  HOFMANN, 
METALLURGIST  and  MINING  ENGINEER, 

415  Mission  St..  bet.  First  and  Fremont  Streets, 
SAN    FRANCISCO. 
£3TErcction  of  Leaching    Works  a  Specialty. 
flSTLeaehing  Tests  made. 


THOS.   PRICE'S 

Assay    Office    and    Chemical 
Laboratory, 

524  Sacramento  St.,  S.  P. 


O.  F.  Dkktkkx, 


Wm.  E.  Smith, 


PIONEER  REDUCTION  WORKS, 

Channel  Street,  off  foot  of  Fourth,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Highest  prico  paid  for  Sulphurets,  Arseuiurets,  Telluridea 
and  Gold  Ores  generally. 

Careful  attention  paid  to  practical  working  tests  on  a 
large  scale  of  Gold-bearing  Quartz  and  ores  of  a  refractory 
and  aulphureted  nature. 

Will  examine,  report  on,  and  survey  mining  properties. 

METALLURGICAL   WORKS, 

STRONG    &    CO.,   10  Stevenson   Street, 

ORES  SAMPLED,  TESTED,  ASSAYED. 


GU  I  DO      KUSTEL, 

MINING  ENGINEER  and  METALLURGIST. 

P.    O     Address:    ALAMEDA.     CAL 

Contents  of  Pamphlet  on  Public  Lands  of 
California,  U.  S.  Land  Laws,  Map  of 
California  and  Nevada,  Etc. 

Map  of  California  and  Nevada ;  The  Public 
Lands;  The  Land  Districts;  Table  of  Rainfall  in  Califor- 
nia; Counties  and  Their  Products;  Statistics  of  the  State 
at  Large. 

Instructions  of  the  U.  S.  Land  Commis- 
sioners.— Different  Classes  of  Public  Lands;  How  Lands 
maybe  Acquired;  Fees  of  Land  Office  at  Location;  Agri- 
cultural College  Scrip;  Pre-emptions;  Extending  the 
Homestead  Privilogo;  But  One  Homestead  Allowed;  Proof 
of  Actual  Settlement  Necessary;  Adjoining  Farm  Home- 
steads; Lands  for  Soldiers  and  Sailors;  Lands  for  Indians; 
Fees  of  Land  Office  and  Commissions;  Laws  to  Promote 
Timber  Culture;  Concerning  Appeals;  RetuniB  of  the  Reg- 
ister and  Receiver;  Concerning  Mining  Claims;  Second 
Pre-emption  Benefit. 

Abstract  from  the  U,  S.  Statutes.— The  Law 
Concerning  Pre-emption;  Concerning  HoniesteadBj  Amend- 
atory Act  Concerning  Timber;  Miscellaneous  Provisionu 
Additional  Surveys;  Land  for  Pre-emption;  List  of  Cal' 
ornia  Post  Offices.     Price,  post  paid,  50  ots. 

Published  and  sold  by  DEWEY  &  CO.,  S.  F 


ELECTRIC    LIGHT. 

BRUSH     PATENT. 
The  Best,  Cheapest.JCIeanest,  and  Most  Powerful  Light  in  the  World 

In  daily  use  at  the  Palace  Hotel  and  the  Union  Iron  Works,  S.  P. 


For  Lighting  Mines,  Factories,  Mills,  Streets, 
Theaters,  Public  Halls,  Etc.,  It  has  no  Equal, 
either  for  Brilliancy  or  Cheapness. 

For  further  particulars,  Catalogues,  Prices,  Etc., 
apply  to 

WILLIAM    KERR, 

President  S.  P.  Telegraph  Supply  Co., 

903  Battery  St.,  San  Francisco. 


"FiR^irsrcxs  smitib:  &c  co, 

MANUFACTURERS     OF 

THE  PATENT  CHANNEL  IRON  WHEELBARROWS, 


o 


CO 

x 
m 
m 

H 


"0 


The  Strongest  Barrow  Made.  These  Barrows  are  made  by  Superior  Workmen,  and  of  the  best  material. 
All  sizes  kept  constantly  ou  hand. 

Lap-Welded  Pipe,  all  Sizes,  from  Three  to  Six  Inches.  Artesian  Well  Pipe.  Also,  Gal- 
vanized Iron  Boilers,  from  Twenty-five  to  One  Hundred  Gallons. 

Iron  Cut,  Punched,  and  Formed  for  making  pipe  on  ground,  where  required.  All  kinds  of  tools  supplied  for 
making  pipe.  Estimates  given  when  required.  Are  prepared  for  coating  all  size  of  pipes  with  a  composition  of 
Coal  Tar  and  Asphaltum. 

Office  and  Manufactory,  130  BBALB  STREET,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


SAVE    YOUR    GOLD  ! 


Highly  Important  to  Miners  and  Quartz  Mill  Men! 

0 

SILVER  PLATED  COPPER  AMALGAMATING  PLATES. 

The  BEST  PROCESS  yet  discovered  for   SAVING  FINE  GOLD.     Extensively  used  in 
Mines  and  Quartz  Mills.     Over  five  hundred  orders  have  been  filled  for  these  Plates. 

SAN  FRANCISCO  GOLD,  SILVER,  NICKEL  AND  COPPER^PLATING  WORKS, 

Nos.  653  and  655  Mission  Street,  San  Francisco. 

E.    G.    DENNISTON, PROPRIETOR. 


In  consequence  of  spurious  imitations  of 

LEA    AND    PERRINS'    SAUCE, 

which  are  calculated  to  deceive  the  Public,  Lea  and  Perrins 
have  adopted  A  NEW  LABEL,  bearing  their  Signature, 


thus. 


QLCas()&!Lr. 


which  is  placed  on  every  bottle  of  WORCESTERSHIRE 
SA  UCE,  and  without  which  none  is  genuine. 

Ash  for  LEA  &  PERRINS'  Sauce,  and  see  Name  on  Wrapper,  Label,  Bottle  and  Stopper. 
Wholesale  and  for  Export  by  the  Proprietors,  Worcester;  Crosse  and  Blackwell,  Londont 
&c.,  &C.;  and  by  Grocers  and  Oilmen  throit-hout  the  World. 

To  be  obtained  of  CROSS  &  CO..  San  Francisco. 


.    HEMORRHOIDS  OR  PILES, 

A  treatise  on  their  scientific  treatment  and  radical  cure, 
by  E.  J.  FRAZEK,  M.  D.,  San  Francisco.  Price,  25  cents; 
for  sale  at  the  bookstores  and  by  the  author  at  221  Powell 
street.  Sent  by  mail  to  any  address  on  receipt  of  the 
price  in  coin,  currency  or  postagestamps. 


Pirtf  liPCcmm        By  E.   CONKLIN,   Representa- 
r  IOIUI  tbl|UC  tiveof  the  National  Associated 

Ari7finfl  Press,   and  artist  and  corres- 

r\\  l*.Ulla.  pondent  of  Frank  Leslie's  publ- 

ications. Being  the  result  of  Travels  and  Observations  in 
Arizona  during  the  fall  and  winter  of  1S77.  -  Fully  illus- 
trated. Sent  by  mail,  post  paid,  for  §2.00.  Address, 
DEWEY  &  CO.,  202Sansome  Street,  S.  F. 


(Aacliipery. 


PACIFIC  MACHINERY  DEPOT. 
H.    P.    GREGORY    &    CO., 

Cor.  California  &  Market  Streets,  S.  F.  Cal 
Importers  of  and  Dealers  in 

Machinery  of  all  Descriptions. 

SOLE  AGENTS  FOR  PAOWIO  COAST  FOR 

J.  A.  Fay  &  Co.'s  Woodworking:  Machinery, 

Bement  &  Sons'  Machinists'  Tools, 

Blake's  Patent  Steam  Pumps, 

N.  Y.  Belting  &  Packing  Co.'s  Rubber  Goods 

Sturtevant  Blowers  and  Exhaust  Fan.', 

Tanite  Co.'s  Emery  Wheels  and  Machinery 

Payne's  Vertical  Engines  and  Boilers, 

Tudson's  Standard  Governors, 

Dreyfus'  Self  Oilers, 

Gould  Manufacturing  Co.'s  Hand  Pumps, 

Piatt's  Patent  Fuse  Lighters, 

Lovejoy's  Planer  Knives. 

A    Kt'LL    LINK  OK 

Belting,   Packing,   Hose,  and  Other 
MiU  and  Mining  Supplies  on  Hand. 

iGTSeiKl  for  Illustrated  Catalogue. 


J.  Tiiomsw.  •       c.  H.  Evans 

THOMSON   &   EVANS, 

(Successors  to  Thomson  &Pahker.)] 

Engineers  and  Machinists. 


Steam  Pumps,  Steam  Engines,  Hoisting, 

Pumping,  Quartz  Mill,  Mining,  Saw 

Mill  Machinery,   Specialties. 

Plans  and  Specifications  for  Machinery  furnished.     Re- 
pairing; promptly  attended  to. 

110  &  112  Beale  St.,  San  Francisco. 

FOB    S^LIE. 


SEVERAL  SECOND-HAND 

PORTABLE   ENGINES, 

FOB  SALE  CHEAP. 

Sizes,  from  eie;ht   horse-power   to  twenty-five  horse- 
power.    IN  PERFECT  RUNNING  ORDER.  _  Apply  to 

JOSEPH  ENRIGHT, 

San  Jose,  California. 


BEKKT*  PXACE^ 

-t^=san:frangisco;cal:->*-' 

_  CIRCULARS. SENT.  FREE  TO: ALL.  ^ 


THE  IMPROVED  O'HARRA 

OHLOEIDIZING  FUKNAOE. 

Patented  Sept.  loth,  1878. 

Now  in  Operation  at  the  Extra  Mining-  Co.'s 
Works,  Copper  City,  Shasta  Co.,  Cal. 

Two  men  and  two  cords  of  wood  roast 

Forty  Tons  of  Ore  in  Twenty-four  Hours, 

Giving-  a  full  chlorination  (100%)  at  a  cost  of  30  cents  per 
on.    Address, 

O'HARRA    &    FERGUSON, 
Furnacevillc,  Shasta  Co. ,  Cal 
Or  CHAS.  W.  CRANE,  Agent, 

Room  10,  Safe  Deposit  Building,  San  Francisco. 


507  Mechanical  Movements. 

Every  mechanic  Should  have  a  copy  of  Brown's  507  Me- 
chanical Movements,  illustrated  and  described.  Inventors, 
model  makers  and  amateur  mechanics  and  students,  will 
find  the  work  valuable  far  beyond  its  cost.  Sold  by 
Dewey  &  Co.,  Patent  Agents  and  publishers  of  Mining* 
and  Scientific  Prbbs,  San  Francisco.  Price,  §1,  (post  paid. 


124 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS 


[February  22,  1879; 


Continued  from  Page   117. 


ent  crosscuts  are  without  any  material  change. 
We  have  put  in  12  new  sets  of  timbers  in  south 
compartment  of  the  hoisting  shaft.  The  tim- 
bers are  in  a  very  rotten  state  and  will  have  to 
be  replaced  for  at  least  150  feet. 
EUREKA  DISTRICT. 

Jottings.—  Sentinel,  Feb.  15:  It  is  reported 
that  a  rich  and  extensive  strike  has  been  made 
in  the  Jackson  mine.  The  Eberhardt  &  Au- 
rora mine  is  now  being  worked  on  tribute  by 
Messrs.  Green,  Snider  and  others,  and  is  look- 
ing well.  The  ore  is  of  a  veryhigh  grade,  but 
the  casing  of  the  ledge  is  so  hard  that  it  is 
almost  impossible  to  break  it  in  any  great  quan- 
tities. Mr.  Robertson,  of  the  Baldy  Sour  mine, 
has  let  a  contract  to  run  SO  feet  of  a  drift  from 
the  bottom  of  the  shaft,  which  has  been  taken 
by  Messrs.  Whealan  &  Kenney.  The  Stafford 
company  are  prospecting  their  minte,  and  are 
opening  a  fine  body  of  ore.  Tim  Shine  has  a 
streak  of  ore  from  two  to  three  inches  thick, 
John  Dick  is  prospecting  his  mine,  working 
three  men. 
ELY  DISTRICT, 

Raymond  &  Ely. — Pioche  Record,  Feb.  8: 
There  has  been  but  very  little  work  done  on  the 
1300  level;  the  ledge  has  not  been  crosscut,  but 
shows  very  well  where  it  has  been  broken  into. 
The  1400  level  has  two  crosscuts  only  about  25 
feet  apart;  the  ledge  seems  to  be  broken  up  a 
little  at  this  point  from  the  influence  of  a  cross- 
course  that  runs  through  at  this  point.  The 
winze  is  now  down  50  feet  below  the  1400  level, 
in  good  sinking  ground,  and  all  heavily  charged 
with  mineral.  The  raise  from  the  1200  level  is 
showing  finely;  four  feet  drill  hole  put  in  shows 
assays  of  $120  per  ton.  Mine  and  mill  running 
finely;  mine  producing  about  200  tons  of  ore  per 
month,  assay  value,  §200  per  ton. 

REESE  RIVER  DISTRICT. 

Manhattan  Items. — Reveille,  Feb.  15  :  Dur- 
ing the  past  10  days  there  was  reduced  162  tons, 
the  assay  value  of  which  is  $33,002.13,  of  this 
amount  §13,861. 29  was  from  custom  ores  and 
$19,140.84  from  the  Frost  and  Curtis  shafts. 
The  battery  since  the  10th  instant  has  been 
run  12  hours  per  day.  The  517  west  drift,  of 
the  Curtis  shaft,  contains  some  good  ore  in 
places;  a  crosscut  has  been  started  in  the  foot 
wall  to  prospect  the  560.  The  560  stope  con- 
tinues to  produce  about  the  same  quality  of  ore 
from  the  several  different  strata  that  are  being 
worked.  The  drifts  being  run  east  and  west 
from  the  600  west  crosscut  both  contain  good 
ore,  that  on  the  east  side  being  much  the  best. 
A  chute  is  beinsi  raised  from  this  level  to  con- 
nect with  the  560  level.  The  S25  stope  is  open- 
ing out  very  well  and  considerable  good  ore 
could  be  extracted  were  the  level  well  venti- 
lated. The  ore  at  the  770  and  870  levels,  of 
the  Frost  shaft,  does  not  afford  any  margin 
when  worked  on  day  pay;  and  the  entire  mine 
is  now  worked  ou  tribute.  They  are  now  open- 
ing out  on  a  body  of  ore  below  the  600  west 
drift  of  the  North  Star  shaft  on  the  Allsopp 
ledge. 


Agricultural   Works. 

This  week  we  had  the  pleasure  of  being 
shown  through  the  new  agricultural  works  and 
foundry  of  Byron  Jackson,  on  the  corner  of  6th 
and  Bluxome  streets,  in  this  city.  Mr.  Jackson, 
whose  new  and  valuable  improvements  in  agri- 
cultural machinery  have  received  frequent  men- 
"  tion  in  our  previous  issues,  first  opened  a  ma- 
chine manufacturing  business  at  Woodland,  in 
1872.  The  works  there  were  smaller  than  those 
now  occupied,  and  were  intended  chiefly  to  pro- 
duce the  new  inventions  in  separators,  forks, 
etc.,  of  which  he  holds  the  patents.  His  im- 
proved machinery  met  with  immediate  approval, 
became  popular,  and  his  business  rapidly  en- 
larged. One  invention  leads  to  another,  and 
each  improvement  requires  new  and  special  ma- 
chinery. This,togetber  with  the  isolated  position 
of  Woodland  as  regards  shipping  facilities,  the 
profit  to  be  made  by  purchasing  raw  material  in 
the  city,  together  with  the  desire  to  be  nearer 
to  his  customers,  about  a  month  ago  led  to  the 
transfer  of  the  works  to  their  present  situation. 

The  building  is  112x125  on  the  ground  plan, 
and  is  two  stories  high.  The  first  thing  that 
strikes  the  eye  on  entering,  is  the  brightness 
and  neat  arrangement  of  the  interior.  The 
great  number  of  windows  allows  an  abundance 
of  light  to  enter,  a  thing  not  commonly  found  in 
such  places.  The  engine  is  situated  in  the  cen- 
ter of  the  building,  and  the  gearings  and  con- 
nections are  so  arranged,  that  the  running  of 
any  one  part  of  the  machinery  can  be  accom- 
plished without  necessarily  keeping  the  other 
parts  in  motion.  This  of  course  makes  a  great 
saving  in  the  expenditure  of  power,  and  also  in 
the  wear  and  tear  on  the  machineiy. 

The  Jackson  "Feeder  and  Elevator"  has  al- 
ready received  notice  in  these  columns,  and  is 
withal,  too  well  known  to  need  description  here. 
We  will  only  say  that  it  possesses  the  two  great 
virtues  of  simplicity  and  durability.  It,  to- 
gether with  the  "Jackson  Light -Weight  Horse 
Fork,"  are  made  specialties  by  the  house, 
though  all  sorts  of  light  agricultural  machinery 
are  manufactured  to  order.  The  horse-fork 
above  mentioned  attracts  the  eye  at  once,  and 
especially  of  those  accustomed  to  the  heavy 
clumsy  forks  now  in  use.  It  is  only  half  their 
weight,  yet  is  equally  strong  and  durable. 
It  is  constructed  of  a  light  frame,  the  head  be- 
ing formed  of  two  pieces,  one  on  each  side 
through  which  the  tines  pass,  the  tines,  together 


with  a  light  iron  brace  from  each  tine  to  the 
frame,  lock  the  parts  firmly  between  them.  The 
strain  is  brought  to  bear  straight  with  the  grain 
of  the  wood,  avoiding  all  twisting  motion.  The 
whole  weighs  about  35  pounds. 

The  works  are  not  running  in  full  blast,  a 
large  part  of  the  machinery  having  yet  to  be 
placed  in  position.  The  common  force  of  hands 
when  all  is  in  running  order  is  30.  At  present 
no  new  separators  are  manufactured,  but  simply 
old  ones  modified  and  supplied  with  the  new  pa- 
tent feeders,  elevators,  shoes,  etc.  As  soon  as 
the  present  works  are  fully  in  running  order,  Mr. 
Jackson  expects  to  commence  making  entirely 
new  machines  of  his  own  patent,  his  facilities 
for  so  doing  covering  every  part  of  the  operation 
from  the  woodshop  to  the  foundry. 

News  in  Brief. 

Thr  Egyptian  army  is  to  be  reduced  to  10,000 
men. 

An  alliance  of  Eastern  trunk  lines  is  strongly 
rumored. 

A  great  deal  of  stock  is  faring  badly  in 
southern  Oregon. 

There  is  a  deficit  in  Hungarian  finances  of 
24,000,000  florins. 

Typhus  fever  is  raging  in  Paris,  especially 
among  the  soldiers. 

Congress  is  voting  away  money  by  appropria- 
tions, in  millions. 

The  Roman  Papacy  is  bankrupt  and  cannot 
pay  its  bishops. 

A  free  trade  coalition  is  being  formed  by  the 
German  Reichstag. 

Five  hundred  fresh  commuuists  are  to  be 
pardoned  in  France. 

The  continued  drouth  is  liable  to  cause 
another  famine  in  India. 

A  farmer  near  Cuffey's  Cove  has  begun  the 
culture  of  flax. 

Arizona  has  come  to  the  front  as  the  loosest 
divorce  State  in  the  Union. 

Three  hundred  and  fifty  Chinamen  were 
shipped  homeward  this  week. 

The  Congressional  Deficiency  Appropriation 
bill  aggregates  §2,500,000. 

A  severe  shock  of  'earthquake  was  felt  at 
Hollister,  on  the  13th  inst. 

Game  has  become  scarce  in  Oregon,  through 
its  indiscriminate  slaughter. 

A  whaling  station  is  to  be  established  at 
Little  River,  Mendocino  county. 

The  Indians  are  rising  in  Alaska  and  mas- 
sacreing  the  white  inhabitants. 

The  remains  of  the  late  Bayard  Taylor  will 
shortly  arrive  in  New  York. 

Two  men  were  blown  to  atoms  by  a  prema- 
ture blast  explosion  in  Virginia  City. 

The  Chinese  Emperor  has  100,000  subjects  in 
California  capable  of  bearing  arms. 

Hot  water  has  been  turned  into  the  Sutro 
tunnel  and  the  working  force  discharged. 

Large  numbers  of  cattle  are  starving  to  death 
in  Nebraska,  the  feed  being  covered  by  snow. 

A  severe  snow  storm  is  raging  on  the  upper 
Columbia,  and  the  river  is  closed  by  the  ice. 

Dallas,  Texas,  talks  of  following  the  example 
of  Memphis,  and  throwing  up  her  municipal 
charter. 

The  Czar  has  issued  a  manifesto  declaring 
definite  peace  with  Turkey,  and  the  troops  have 
been  ordered  home. 

Machinery  Hall,  Centennial  grounds, 
Philadelphia,  originally  costing  §800,000,  was 
sold  at  auction  recently  for  §24,000. 

Statistics  show  that  the  number  of  cigars 
annually  consumed  in  the  United  States  is  40 
for  each  man,  woman  and  child,  in  addition  to 
two  pounds  of  tobacco  each. 

An  Oregon  Chinese  cook  put  strychnine  in 
the  coffee  he  had  made  for  breakfast;  was 
detected  by  the  men,  forced  to  drink  a  large 
quantity  of  it  and  died  from  the  effects. 


Every  new  subscriber  who  does  not  receive 
the  paper  and  every  old  subscriber  not  credited 
on  the  label  within  two  weeks  after  paying  for 
this  paper,  should  write  personally  to  the  pub- 
lishers without  delay,  to  secure  proper  credit. 
This  is  necessary  to  protect  us  and  subscri- 
bers against  the  acts  and  mistakes  of  others. 

Fresh  attractions  are  constantly  added  to  Wood- 
ward's Gardens,  araone:  which  is  Prof.  Gruber's  great 
educator,  the  Zoographicon.  Each  department  increases 
daily,  and  the  Pavilion  performances  are  more  popular 
than  ever.  AH  new  novelties  find  a  place  at  this  wonder- 
ful resort.     Prices  remain  as  usual. 


Artesian  Wells  Wanted.—  Parties  who  are  prepared  to 
contract  for  boring  artesian  wells  are  invited  to  send 
terms  to  Edward  Frisbie,  proprietor  of  the  Reading  Ranch, 
Anderson,  Shasta  County,  Cal. 


Settlers  and  others  wishing  good  farming  lands  for 
sure  crops,  are  referred  to  Mr.  Edward  Frisbie,  of  Ander- 
son, Shasta  County,  Cal.,  who  has  some  15,000  acres  for 
sale  in  the  Upper  Sacramento  valley.  His  advertisement 
appears  from  time  to  time  in  thiB  paper. 


Examine  the  accelerative  endowment  plan,  as  originated 
by  the  Mutual  Benefit  Life  Insurance  Co.,  of  Newark, 
New  Jersey.  Assets,  §30,533,429.94.  Lewis  C.  Grover, 
President;  L.  Spencer  Coble,  Vice-President;  Benjamin  C. 
Miller,  Treasurer;  Edward  A.  Strong,  Secretary;  Bloom- 
field  J.  Miller,  Actuary.  Send  for  circulars  to  James 
Munsell,  Jr.,  agent  of  insured,  224  Sansome  St.,  San 
Francisco. 

Experimental  Machinery,  drawings,  patterns,  models, 
all  kinds  of  electrical  and  telegraphic  apparatus  to  order. 
See  ad.     F.  W.  Fuller,  416  Market  St. .  second  floor,  S.  F. 


Henry  R.   Ewald  is  our  general    correspondent  and 
agent  for  Arizona. 


Chew  Jacrso.s's  Best  Sweet  Navy  Tobacco 


I 


A  TENTS  AND  INVENTIONS. 


List  of  U. 


S.  Patents  Issued  to  Pacific 
Coast  Inventors. 


[From  Official  Reports  for  the  Mining  and  Scientific 

Press,  DEWEY  &  CO.,  Publishers  and  U.  S. 

and  Foreign  Patent  Agents.] 

By  Special  Dispatch  fJrom  Washington.  D-  C. 

Improvement  in  Drag-Saws— W.  H.  Smyth,  S.  F. 
Baling  Presses — J.  Howel,  Sacramento,  Cal. 
Boring  and  Excavating  Apparatus — J.  Haas  and  J.  Man- 
ning, Stockton,  Cal. 
Quicksilver  Furnaces  and  Condenserst-B.  F.  Chase,  San 

Jose,  Cal. 
Road  Engines— H.  T.  Holbrook  and  R.  H.   Pooler,   Half 

Moon  Bay,  Cal. 
Apparatus  for  Loading  and  Unloading  Hay,  Etc. — F.  A. 

Kelley,  Petaluma,  Cal. 
Attachments  for  Bottle  Fastenings — S.  Martinelli,  Wat- 

sonville,  Cal. 
Wheels  for  Traction  Engines— J.   Kirchboffer,    Walla 

Walla,  Washington  Ter.i 
Whiffletree  Hooks— A.  Smith,  Fort  Randall,  Dakota  Ter. 

The  patents  are  not  ready  for  delivery  by  the  Patent 

Office  until  some  14  days  after  the  date  of  issue. 

Note.— Copies  of  U.  S.  and  Foreign  Patents  furnished 
by  Dewey  &  Co. ,  in  the  shortest  time  possible  (by  tel- 
graph  or  otherwise)  at  li.e  lowest  rates.  All  patent  busi- 
ness for  Pacific  coast  inventors  transacted  with  perfect 
security  and  in  the  shortest  possible  time. 

Fire  Insurance. — We  publish  the  official 
annual  statement  of  the  Fireman's  Fund  Insur- 
ance Co.,  in  our  advertising  columns  this  week. 
The  attention  of  the  uninsured  (and  of  those 
who  wish  to  increase  or  change  their  policies), 
is  confidently  called  to  this  association  and  its 
sworn  statement.  We  have  long  patronized 
this  home  company,  and  consider  it  one  of  the 
safest  doing  business  in  the  United  States. 


GENERAL  MERCHANDISE. 


1  wholesale.  1 

Wednesday  m.,  February  19, 1879. 
BAGS— Jobbing. 

Eng  Standard  Wheat.  9  <&  9J 
Neville  k  Co. 

Hand  Sewed,  22x36..  9  @  9* 

24x36 -@— 

23x40 11  @— 

Machine  Swd,  22x36.  9  Ca  9* 
Flour  Sacks,  halves....  8i@10 

Quarters 5i@  61 

Eighths H@  * 

Hessian,  60  inch 13  @14 

45  inch 81@  9 

40  inch 7j@  8 

Wool  Sacks, 

Hand  Sewed.  Si  lb.. 46  @50 

4  ft.  do. 50  @52J 

Machine  Sewed 45  (£*— 

Standard  Gunnies 13J@14 

Bean  Bags 7  <g  7i 

CANDLES. 

Crystal  Wax 17  @— 

Eagle 1L@— 

Patent  Sperm 


CANNED  GOODS. 

Assorted  Pie  Fruits, 

21tt>cane 2  00  @    — 

Table  do 3  00  @    — 

Jams  and  Jellies.  .3  50  (d    — 

Pickles,  hi  gal 3  15  @    — 

SardineB.  qr  box..l  67i<j*l  90 

Hf  Boxes 2  50  @2  75 

Preserved    Beef. 

21h.rtoz 4  00  (3    — 

doBeef,41b,doz.6  50  @    — 
Preserved  Mutton, 

2  lb.  doz 4  GO  @    - 

Beef  Tongue 6  50  @    — 

Preserved    Ham, 

2th,  doz 6  50  <&    — 

Deviled  Ham,  1  lb, 

doz 5  50  @    — 

do  Ham,  Jib  doz.3  00  @    — 
COAL— Jobbing. 

Australian,  tou..  8  00  <* 

CooaBay. 6  50  @  7  00 

Bellingham  Bay.  6  50  @ 

Seattle 6  00  @  6  50 

Cumberland 14  00  @ 

Mt  Diablo 4  75  @  6  00 

Lehigh 13  50  <a> 

Liverpool 7  50  @  8  00 

West  Hartley..  .10  50  @ 

Scotch 10  50  @ 

Scrauton 11  50  @ 

Vancouver  Id...  7  00  @ 

Charcoal,  sack...      75  @ 

Coke,  bbl 60  «* 

COFFEE. 

Sandwich  Id,  tt>.      —  @ 

CostaRica 15  @      16 

Guatemala. .....      15  @      16 

Java 23  &—  26 

Manila 17  @ 

Ground,  in  cs. . .      25  @ 

FISH. 
Sac'to  Dry  Cod..        -V- 

do    ui  cases..        5 

Eastern  Cod. , . . 

Salmon,  bbls....  8  00 

Hf  bbls 5  00 

1  lb  cans 1  40 

PkldCod,  bbla..22  00  _ 

Hf  bbls 11  00  @— 

Mackerel,  No.  1. 

Hf  Bbls 9  50 

In  Kits 1  85 

Ex  Mess 3  25 

Pkld  Herring,  bx  3  00 

Boston  Smkd  H'g     70  <ff 

LIME,  Etc. 
Lime,  Sta  Cruz, 

bbl 1  25  @  1  50 

Cement,  Rosen- 

dale 2  00  @  2  25 

Portland 4  00  & 


32: 


aio  50 

S  2  10 


?3  50 


Plaster,  Golden 

Gate  Mills....  3  00  @  3  25 

Land  Plaster,  tn  10  00  @12  50 

NAILS. 

AsBted sizes,  keg  2  90  @  3  00 

OILS. 

Pacific  Glue  Co'b 

Neatsfoot,  Nol.l  00  @    90 
Castor.  No  1 1  10  @    — 

do,  No.  2 1  05  <§    - 

Baker's  A  A 1  25  @1  30 

Olive,  Plagniol....5  25  @5  75 

Possel 4  75  @5  25 

Palm,  tb 9  @    — 

Linseed,  Raw,  bbl.    72  @    — 

Boiled 75  W    - 

Cocoanut 55  (§!    — 

China  nut,  ca 70  @    721 

Sperm, 1  40  @      - 

Coast  Whales 40  @    — 

Polar 45  @    - 

Lard 90  @1  00 

Oleophine 22  (|    221 

Devoe's  Bril't U2  §    23J 

Photolite —  &    ■ 

Nbnpariel 31 

Eureka 18 

Barrel  kerosene. . .    20  <g    — 

Downer  Ker 371@    — 

Elaine 37J@    — 

PAINTS. 
Pure  White  Lead.      8  @     9J 

Whiting 1J@ 

Putty 4@     5 

Chalk li<§    - 

Paris  White 2j@    — 

Ochre 34<g    — 

Venetian  Red 3j@    — 

Averill         Mixed 

Paint,      gal. 

White  St  tints... 2  00  @2  40 

Green,   Blue     & 

Cn  Yellow 3  00  @3  50 

Light  Red 3  00  @3  50 

Metallic  Roof... 1  30  @1  60 

RICE. 

China,  Mixed,  lb..      5@      5j 

Hawaiian 7  @      71 

SALT. 
Cal.  Bay,  ton. ...15  00  @22  50 

Common 10  00  @12  00 

Carmen  Id 12  00  @14  00 

Liverpool  fine. .  .19  00  @ 

SOAP. 

Castile,  ft. 10  @    101 

Common  brands. .      4J@     6 

Fancy  brands f  «'      8 

SPICES. 

Cloves,  a 43  < 

Cassia 22fc 

Nutmegs 85  I 

Pepper  Grain 15  ( 

Pimento 15  ( 

Mustard,        Cal., 

1ft.  glass 1  50  I 

SUGAR,  ETC. 

CaLCube,  lb lli< 

Powdered H3< 

Fine  crushed lla< 

Granulated 11  I 

GoldenC 9i< 

CaL  Syrup,  kgs...    70  ( 
Hawaiian  Mol  ases    26  ( 

TEA. 
Young        Hyson, 

Moyune,  etc 

Country  pekd  Gun' 

powder   &     Im- 
perial      50  @ 

Hyson 30  @ 

Fooo-ChowO 35  @ 

Japan,  1st  quality    40  @ 

2d  quality 20  @ 


50 


27  ( 


30 


35 


25 


Signal  Service  Meteorological  Report. 

San  Francisco.— Week  ending  February  18, 1879. 


HIOHRBT  AND  LOWEST  BAROMKTBR. 

Feb  12 

Feb  13i  Feb  14 

Feb  15 

Feb  16 

Febl7 

Feb  18 

30.217 

30.301 1  30.420 

30.280 

30.187 

30.233 

30.387 

30.  OS* 

30.217|  30.238 

30.000 

30.148 

30.133 

30.240 

MAXIMDM  AND  MINIMUM  THBRMO] 

ETBR. 

61 

59      I      59      1      58.5  1      58.5 

58.5 

68.7 

57 

62.5  |      50      |      50       |      48 

MRAN  DAILY  HUMIDITY. 

52 

51 

85.7 

92      |      83      |      S7.3  |      73.7 
PREVAILING  WIND. 

90.7 

87.3 

SW 

S     |     W     I     SW     |     NE 

WIND — MILEB  TRAVELED. 

W 

|      W 

29.9 

89     |      92 

184 

185- 

154 

149 

STATE  OF  WBATHKR. 

Rainy  1  Cloudy  |    Fair.  |  Rainy  |    Fair.    J  Rainy  |    Fair. 

RAINFALL  IN  TWENTY-FOUR  HOURS. 

.98      |    .04      |  |       .51    I        .04    I      .66    |      .02 

Total  rain  during:  the  Beaaon,  from  July  1,  1878, 11.40  in. 


METALS. 


[Wholesale. 

WKDNR8DAY  M.,  February  19,  1878. 

Iron.— 

American  Pig,  soft,  ton 23  00  @26  00 

Scotch  Pig,  ton 25  50  @26  50 

American  White  Pig,  ton 23  00  @ j 

Oregon  Pig,  ton 26  50  @ 1 

Refined  Bar 25®      a 

Horse  Shoes,  keg 5  00 

Nail  Rod 

Norway,  according  to  thickness 

Copper.— 

Sheathing,  Th 34 

Sheathing,  Yellow 19 

Sheathing,  Old  Yellow — 

English  Cast,  ft) 1G  @     17 

Black  Diamond,  ordinary  sizes 16  @ 

Drill 16  1     17 

Flat  Bar 16  @     19 

Plow  Steel 8@     12] 

Tin  Plates.— 

10xl4IC  Charcoal 8i@      9 

10x14  I  C  Coke 7  @      7J 

Ranca  Tin 18  @—  20 

Australian 15l@     17 

ZINC  — 

By  the  Cask 9  ® 

Zinc,  Sheet  7x3  ft.  7  to  10,  tb,  less  than  cask. .  9j@—  10 
Nails.— 

Assorted  sizes 2  90@3  00 


Gold,    Legal    Tenders,    Exchange,   Etc. 

[Corrected  Weekly  by  Sotro  &  Co.] 

San  Francisco.  February  19,  3  p.  m. 

Silver,  2J@2i.    Gold  in  New  York,  par. 

Gold  Baas,  &90@910.  Silver  Bars.  8@20  $  cent,  db- 
aounfc.     . 

Exchange  on  New  York,  20,  on  London  bankers.  49J@ 
4ii!.  Commercial,  50;  Paris,  five  franca  $  dollar;  Moiicaii 
dollars,  872@89. 

London  Consols,  96  5-16;  Bonds,  104  3-7. 

Quioksilver  in  S.  F.,  by  the  flask.  W  lb.  40@41c. 


piping  and  Other  Copipapies. 


Persons  interested  In  incorporated  shares 
will  do  well  to  recommend  the  publication 
of  the  official  notices  of  their  companies 
in  this  paper,  as  the  cheapest  appropriate, 
medium  for  the  same. 


Griffith  Consolidated  Mill  and  Mining  Com- 

pany.  —  Location  of  principal  place  of  business,  San  Fran-i 

cisco,  California.    Location  of  works,  'Diamond  Springs 

Mining  District,  El  Dorado  County,  California. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,   that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 

Trustees,  held  on  the  21st  day  of  January,  1879  an  assessment 

(No.  1)  of  twenty  cents  (20c)  per  sliare  was  levied  upon  th» 

Capital  Stock  of  the  Corporation,  payable  immediately  to  the 

Secretary,  at  the  Office  of  the  Company,  Room  48,  330  Pine 

Street,  San  Francisco,  California. 

Any  Stock  upon  which  this  Assessment  shall  remain  un- 
paid on  the  26th  day  of  February,  167^,  will  be  delinquent, 
and  advertised  for  sale  at  public  auction;  and  unless  pay- 
ment is  made  before,  will  be  sold  on  Wednesday,  March  26tn,' 
1879.  to  pay  the  delinquent  assessment,  together  with  costa- 
of  advertising  and  expenses  of  sale.  By  order  of  th?  Board 
of  Trustees.  GEO.  M.  CONDEE,  Sec'y. 

Office,  Room  48,  330  Pine  Street.  San  Francisco,  California. 


Office  Wide  Awake  Prospecting  and  Min-i 

iug  Company.— No.  232  Sutter  Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal.,' 

February  1st,  1879.    Location  of  works,  Picket-Post,  Pinal 

County,  Arizona. 

Notice  is  hereby  given  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Directors,  held  on  the  first  day  of  February,  |1879,  an  assess-' 
meut  (No.  6)  of  four  cents  per  share  was  levied  upon  the  cap!-, 
tal  stock  of  the  corporation,  payable  immediately  in  United, 
States  gold  coin  to  the  Secretary,  at  the  office  of  the  Com-i 
pany,  Room  2,  No.  232  Sutter  Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Any  stock  upon  which  this  assessment  shall  remain  unpaid) 
on  the  first  day  of  March,  1879,  will  be  delinquent,  ami  adver- 
tised for  sale  at  public  auction,  and  unless  payment  is  niadei 
before,  will  be  sold  on  Saturday,  the  fifth  day  of  April  1879,'" 
to  pay  the  delinquent  assessment,  together  with  the  cost  of 
advertising  and  the  expenses  of  sale.  By  order  of  the  Boaidi 
of  Directors.  C.  HILDEBRANDT,  Secretary. 

Summit    Mining   Company.— Location  of* 

principal  place  of  business,   San    Francisco,    California. 

Location  of  works,  Mineral  Point  Mining  District,  Plumaii 

County,  California. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Directors,  held  on  the  fourth  day  of  February,  A.  D.,1 
1879,  an  assessment  (No.  7)  of  five  cents  per  share  wac 
levied  upon  the  capital  stock  of  the  corporation,  payable 
immediately  in  United  States  gold  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at 
the  office  of  the  Company,  318  Pine  street,  San  Francisco.^ 

Any  stock  upon  which  this  assessment  shall  remain  unpaid) 
on  the  eleventh  (llth|  day  of  March,  A.  D.,  1879,  will  be 
delinquent,  and  advertised  for  sale  at  public  auction,  and  un-i 
less  payment  is  made  before,  will  be  sold  on  the  Tuesday,  the 
eighth  day  of  April,  A.  D.,  1879,  to  pay  the  delinquent  assess-* 
ment,  together  with  costs  of  advertising  and  expenses  of 
sale.    By  order  of  the  Board  of  Directors. 

R.  N.  VAN  BRLNT,  Secretary. 

Office,  Room  6,  No.  318  Pine  Street  San  Francisco,  Cal.  1 


BALDWIN'S  THEATER. 

THOMAS  MAGUIRE Manager. 

F.  Lyster Acting:  Manager. 

Chas.  H.  Goodwin Treasurer. 

J.  P.  Chapman Assistant  Treasurer. 

Primrose.   West,   Barlow    and    Wilson's 

MINSTRELS  I 

Corner  Market  and  Powell  Streets.  Open  every 
evening  and  Saturday  matinee.     Box  office  open  daily. 

BUSH    STREET   THEATER. 

Cuas.  E.  Lockb Lessee  and  Manager' 

ELIZA  WEATHERSBY  &  N.  O.  GOODWINi 

Open  every  evening  and  Saturday  Matinee. 

CALIFORNIA  THEATER. 

Barton  &  Lawlor Manager.  I 

Barton  Hill Acting  Manag«r.< 

MR.   &  MRS.   W.J.  FLORENCE. 

Bush  Street,  above  Kearny.  Open  every  evening.  Box 
office  open  from  0  A.  m.  to  10  p.  m.  Seats  may  be  secured 
six  days  in  advance. 


STANDARD    THEATER. 

M.  A.  Kennedy Sole  Lessee  and  Manager. 

MAD.  RENTZ'S  FEMALE  MINSTRELS. 

Bush  Street,  above  Montgomery.     Open  every  eveniDlf. 
Seats  may  be  secured  six  days  in  advance. 


GRAND    OPERA    HOUSE. 

THOMAS  MAGUIRE Manager, 

Fred  Lystbr Acting  Manager. 

WITHIN  AN   INCH   OF  HIS   LIFE. 
Mission  Street,  near  Third.    Box  office  opan  daily. 


ebruary  22,  1879.  ~\ 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


125 


OFFICE  OF  THE 


GIANT  POWDER 

COMPANY, 

San    Francisco,    February    15th.    1879. 

To  the  Mining  Public. 


Wie  fact  that  a  new  Company  lias  just  been  organized 
in  this  city  fur  the  avowed  purpose  'if  making  and  veini- 
i r»ic  ■  Dynamite  Powder  called  Vulcan  Powder,  which 
Powder  has  been  f<ir  over  a. year  past  mid  is  at  this  mo- 
ment under  injunction  from  the  lT.  8.  Circuit  Court  at 
the  East  and  i*  goou  to  be  proceeded  against  on  this  count, 
renders  it  proper  and  necessary  that  this  Company  should 
make  a  statement  concerning  the  present  position  of  its 
patent  litigation,  to  the  end  that  no  person  should  be  in- 
duced, through  the  lack  of  information,  to  engage  in  a 
business  which  must  shortly  bring  him  before  the  Courts 
to  answer  to  an  infringement  suit. 

The  public  Is  already  aware  of  a  recent  decision  of  the 
United  States  Supreme  Court  on  appeal  in  Die  case  of  the 
Giant  Powder  Company  vs.  the  California  Powder  Works, 
and  has  recently  seen  various  newspaper  articles  in  the 
Interest  of  infringers  upon  the  Nobel  Patents,  calculated 
to  create  a  false  impression  as  to  that  decision. 

The  decision  in  question  was  simply  against  the  validity 
of  two  unimportant  Ueissues,  Nos.  4818-10,  both  from  an 
old  Patent,  No.  50,til7,  issued  in  1865,  long  prior  to  the 
Dynamite  invention,  which  tatter  invention  was  first  pat- 
ented tn  the  I'nted  States  by  original  Patent  No.  78,317, 
Issued  May  20th,  1868,  from  which  Patent  No.  5,799  is  a 
Reissue,  and  not,  as  has  been  falsely  stated,  a  Reissue  of 
the  old  Patent  of  1865. 

This  Dynamite  Patent  No.  5,799,  consequently  has  no 
connection  whatever  with  the  old  Patent  of  1865,  nor  with 
its  Reissues,  and  was  not  in  anywise  impaired  by  the 
above  referred  to  decision  of  the  U.  S.  Supreme  Court; 
on  the  contrary,  by  that  decision  the  case  was  sent  back 
here  for  trial,  and  the  defendants  were  ordered  to  appear 
and  answer  to  the  suit  of  this  Company  under  said  reissue 
No.  5,799,  which  they  must  do  in  due  time. 

The  Dynamite.  Patent  (5,799^  is  the  vital  Patent  of  all 
the  Nobel  inventions.  It  is  the  Patent  under  which  all 
the  laie  injunctions  have  issued  from  the  United  States 
Circuit  Courts  at  the  East.  Under  it  two  injunctions 
have  already  been  issued  there,  and  are  to-day  in  force 
against  the  same  Vulcan  Powder,  mads  by  the  same  per- 
son who  is  to  be  the  manager  of  the  new  Company  here. 
In  every  case  yet  decided  by  the  Courts,  this  Patent  has 
been  fully  sustained.  Under  it  the  following  injunctions 
hive  been  issued: 

Circuit  Court  ok  the  United  States,     > 
district  of  Massachusetts,  f 
The  Atlantic  Giant  Powder  Company  ) 
vs.  [ 

George  W.  Mowbray,  et  al.         ) 
Before  Shipley;  Judge. 
Bill  in  equity  for  making  and  selling  Mica  Powder. 
Decree  October  5,  1877,  for  perpetual  injunction. 

Circuit  Court  ok  the  United  States,     ) 
District  ok  Massachusetts,  j" 
The  Atlantic  Giant  Powder  Company  ) 
vs.  [ 

Georob  A.  Goodyear.  ) 

Before  Shipley,  Judge. 
Bill  in  equity  for  selling  Vulcan  Powder. 
Injunction  granted  December  21, 1877. 

Circuit  Court  of  the  United  States,     ) 

District  ok  Massachusetts.  J" 

The  Atlantic  Giant  Powder  Company  1 


Circuit  Court  or  the  UmtedStatm,     > 
Southern  District  of  New  York,  i 
Tax  Atlantic  Giant  Powdkm,  Company  1 
vs. 
Andrew  J.  Parker,  kt  al.  ) 

Before  Blatehford,  Judge. 
Bill  in  equity  for  matdog  and  setting  wi  loiu  nltro-glyoer- 
ine  powders. 
Injunction  granted  September  18,  1878 

Circuit  Court  ok  the  I'nitki.  Stats,      l 
Southern  District  of  t?B«  Sfoi 

The  Atlantic  Giant  Powder  Company  . 

va 

William  AOAR  j 

Before  Blatehford.  Judge. 

Bill  in  equity  for  nuking  and  selling  Potentla  Powder. 
Injunction  granted  September  18,  i«78. 

In  addition  to  the  foregoing  several  other  Important 
cases  have   just    been   argued    and    submitted,    decisions 

upon  which  will  be  forthcoming  very  shortly. 

Having  placed  the  foregoing  facts  before  the  public,  any 
person  who  may  hereafter  engage  or  become  interested  in 

making  Xitro-ulycerinc  Powder  in  Infringement  of  the 

Nobel  Patents,  will  do  so  with  his  eyes  ..pen.  and  will  have 
no  cause  of  complaint  when  the  Giant  Powder  Company 
moves,  as  it  very  shortly  will  do,  to  establish  its  rights  on 
this  Coast. 

It  may  bo  well  to  add  that  the  Giant  Powder  Company 
has  no  intcutiou  whatever.  Upon  the  complete  establish- 
ment of  those  rights,  to  extort  bi;;h  prices  for  its  Dyna- 
mite, but  will  continue  to  furnish  Powder  to  the  mining 
public  at  moderate  prices. 

The  foregoing  is  published  in  pursuance  of  a  resolution 
passed  at  a  special  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Trustees,  held 
this  15th  day  of  February,  1879.     By  order  of  the  Board. 

The  Giant  Powder  Company, 

By  its  Secretary,  H.  PICHOIR. 


George  W.  Towssesd. 

Before  Shipley,  Judge. 
Bill  in  equity  for  using  Vulcan  Powder. 

Injunction  granted  December  21,  1877. 

Circuit  Courtok  the  United  States,     ) 
District  ok  New  Jersey.  |" 
The  Atlantic  Giant  Powder  Company  1 
vs.  I 

-The  North  Jersey  Iron  Co.,  et  al.   ) 
Before  Nixon,  Judge. 
Bill  inequity  for  using  Vigorite  Powder. 
Injunction  granted  April  30, 1878. 

Circuit  Courtok  the  United  States,     > 

Southern  District  ok  New  York,  f 

The  Atlantic  Giant  Powder  Company 


The  Neptune  Powder  Company. 
Before  Blatehford,  Judge. 
Bill  in  equity  for  making  and  selling  Neptune  Powder. 
Injunction  granted  May  20,  1S7S. 

Circuit  Court  op  the  United  States,     )  ' 
Southern  District  ok  New  York.  > 
Tqe  Atlantic  Giant  Powder  Company) 
vs.-  J- 

The  Mixer's  Powder  Company.       ) 
Before  Blatehford,  Judge. 
•  Bill  in  equity  for  making  and  selling  Vigorite  Powder. 
Injunction  granted  May  20,  1878. 

Circuit  Court  of  the  United  States,        ) 
Western  Districtok  Pennsylvania.  ]" 
The  Atlantic  Giant  Powder  Company  1 
vs.  [ 

Valentine  Leary,  et  al.  ) 

Before  McKennan,  Judge. 
Bill  in  equity  for  using  Neptune  Powder. 
Injunction  granted  June  10,  1878. 


OFFICE  OF   THE 


FIREMAN'S   FUND 

INSURANCE    COMPANY 

Of  California. 


JANUARY    1st,  1879. 
Assets, 

Cash  in  Company's  Principal  Offiees.8    4,009.12 

Cash  in  Bank  of  California,  S.  F 10,583.20 

Cash  in  Bank  of  Sather  &  Co.,  S.  F. .  6,302.23 
Cash  in  Union  National   Bank,    Chi- 
cago   10,193.00 

Cash  in  First  National  Bank,  Ohio. .  8,000.00 

Cash  in  Laidlaw  &  Co.,  New  York. . .  250.00 

Bonds— U.  S.  Registered  6's  of  '81. . .  119,812.50 

Bonds— U.  S.  Consols  1907,  4-per  cts  30,000.00 

Bonds— Oakland  City,  Cal 29,250.00 

Bonds— Oakland  Gaslight  Co. ,  Cal . .  17,000.00 
Stock— First  National  Bank,   S.    F., 

-     133  Shares 11,970.00 

Loans  on  Bond  and  Mortgage 181,200  00 

Bills  Receivable,  secured  by  Collate- 
rals   49,870.00 

Real  Estate,  unincumbered 200,000.00 

Bills  Receivable  for  Marine  and  In- 
land Risks 25,344.20 

Premiums  in  course  of  collection . . .  51,459. 09 
Interest  and  Rents  due  and  accrued  2,818.07 
Taxes  advanced,  secured  by  Mort- 
gaged Property 2,153  Of) 


Total  Assets.. 


$766,221.10 


Liabilities. 

Losses  reported  and  in  process  of  adjustment — 

Fire $20,700.00 

Marine 4,546.80 

Dividends  uncalled  for 652.49 

Marine  bills  payable 4,300.45 

Agency  balances  overpaid 120.26 

Total : §30,320. 00 

Re-Insurance  Reserve. 

Fire $228,106.35 

Marine 32,950.12 


VULCAN  POWDER 

COMPANY, 

San  Francisco,  Feb.  17,  1879. 


Tu  the  real  mining  public  it  is  unuccoss&rj  to  statu  thai 
Vulcan  Powder  is  not  now  to  this  coast,  having  been  well 
and  favorably  known  and  largely  USOd  by  many  of  its 
leading  mines  for  mer  two  years. 

Vulcan  Powder  in  the  past  has  been  the  means  of 
assisting  the  Mining  Industries  of  the  Coast  in  this,  that 
miners  can  now  get  better  Powder  for  less  money  than 
ormcrly  fn>m  a  Company  which  1ms  attempted  to  monop- 
olize this  business,  claiming  rights  entirely  outside  of 
cither  its  patents  or  reissues.  Now  that  the  Vulcan  Pow- 
der Company— joined  by  prominent  mining  men,  then 
selves  aniojig  the  largest  consumers  of  Powder  on  th 
Coast— has  been  incorporated,  it  is  perhaps  natural  that 
the  would-be  monopolists  should  again  renew  the  idle 
threats  with  which  they  have  from  time  to  time  deluged 
the  mining  community,  but  with  what  result  is  best 
shown  by  the  constantly  diminishing  sale  of  their  boasted 
"High-Explosive." 

The  following  are  the  facts  as  to  their  infringement 
suits  against  Vulcan  Powder  in  the  East:  In  May,  187f| 
in  the  Circuit  Court  for  the  Southern  District  of  New 
York,  General  Newton,  the  United  States  Engineer  in 
charge  of  the  "Hell  Gate  excavations,"  and  the  same  Mr. 
R.  W.  Warren,  now  Manager  of  the  Vulcan  Powder  Com- 
pany, were  sued  as  co-defendants  for  making  and  using 
the  same  Vulcan  Powder  by  the  Atlantic  Giant  Powder 
Co.  A  decision  on  this,  the  main  case,  brought  against 
Vulcan  Powder,  was  ardently  desired  by  us.  But  when 
the  case  was  placed  on  the  calendar,  the  Atlantic  Giant 
Powder  Company  withdrew  tiikih  complaint.  The  de- 
cisions referred  to  in  recent  advertisements  as  against 
Vulcan  Powder,  had  no  bearing  on  the  real  issue,  else  why 
has  this  Company  not  been  directly  attacked  long  ere 
this? 

As  regards  the  recent  decisions  of  the  United  States 
Supreme  Court,  which  the  Giant  Powder  Company  says 
is  "calculated  to  create  a  false  impression,"  we  will  say: 
The  Reissues,  Nos.  4S18-19,  which  were  declared  void  by 
the  decision  mentioned,  arc  for  the  compounds  which  we 
are  MANUFACTURISQ.  Reissue  No.  5799  is  for  a  compound 
(the  sc-callcd  Giant  Powder;  which  we  sever  have  and 
sever  intend  to  .MANUFACTURE.  This  is  the  whole  case  in 
a  nutshell  We  leave  all  intelligent  persons  to  draw  their 
own  conclusions. 

We  hereby  notify  all  dealers  and  consumers  of  Vulcan 
Powder  that  we  will  hold  them  harmless  against  any  suit 
the  Giant  Powder  Company  may  bring  against  them,  and 
agree  to  pay  all  sosts  of  litigation  so  incurred. 


A.  S.  HALLIDIE. 


Office,  No.  6  Cal 

SAW  T^tANfl 


nia^Streetj 


iron  Mid  Steel  Wire  Rope, 

Flat  and  Round,  for  MininzJ$hipping, 
Hoisting  and  Gj%mqT\jj&(Poses. 

Having  th^moSfc  cornpleto  y*au extensive 
Wiu-*f?ute  Wvrks  ill  theWJnited  States,  I  jun 
prepwetTTO  rrufltttfecturG  Wire  Rope  and  Cablei 
of  anAjcngtn  or  size  at  short  notice,  and  gnar- 
•oteo  the  quality  and  workmanship  equal,  to 
any  mado  at  homo  or  abroadT^v 

Iron,  Steel <«^Gah/a)ized  Wire 

Of  allt&cs  oft.  nab\or-fiudo  to  order, 

Barijech  Ten  ce 

Solo  Proprieier>tf 

Haffidiei 

Ores.  Eta 
•cular, 

A.  S.  HAXXIDIE. 

Qraco.  No.  0  California  St.,  San  Francisco 


*3n3eii' 


Total 5261,056.4' 

Recapitulation. 

Capital  stock,  fully  paid §800,000.00 

Reserve  for  re-insurance 261,056  47 

Reserve  for  unsettled  losses,  etc 30,320.00 

Net  surplus  overall  liabilities,  includ- 
ing capital  stock 174,844. 63 


Total . 


$766,221.10 


Comparative. 

Net  assets,  January  1, 1878 S700.674.32 

Net  assets,  January  1,  1879 735,001.10 


Total  Losses    Paid    Since   Organization. 
$3,630,435.96. 

D.  J.  STAPLES Prksidknt. 

ALPHEUS  BULL Vice-Presidbkt. 

GEO.  D.  DORNIN Secretary. 

WM.  J.  DUTfON Assistant  Se  rbtary. 


The  "California  Legal   Record." 

The  ONLY  WEEKLY    containing   all   the 

decisions  of  the  Supreme  Court 

of  California. 

(The  ONLY  complete  continuation  of  the  S.  F.  Lata  Journal.) 
Published  every  Saturday,  in  8  vo.  size  —like  the  California 
Reports— contains  every  decision  of  the  Supreme  Court, 
as  fast  as  rendered,  with  a  syllabus  and  statement  of  facts, 
and  other  important  legal  matter.  The  volumes  commence 
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REDUCED  PRICE,  only  85.50  per  year,  or  S3  per  volume 
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specifying  what  date  or  number  to  commence.  Baok  num- 
bers furnished.     Sample  numbers  sent  free.    Address, 

F.  A.  SCOFIELD  &  CO.,  Publishers  and  Prop's. 
No.  603  Washington  street,  Saa  Francisco.  Cal. 


Cheerfully  Recommended. 

Cherokee.  Sept.  8th,  1S7S. 
Dewey  &  Co. — Gentlemen:  —Having  received  my  Let- 
ters Patent  for  improvement  in  vehicle  wheels,  I  consider 
it  a  duty  I  owe  your  firm  to  tender  my  sincere  thanks  for 
the  interest  and  pains  you  have  taken  in  the  prosecution 
of  the  case.  I  shall  cheerfully  recommend  your  lirm  to 
such  as  may  need  your  services.     I  remain  yours, 

Very  Respectfully,  Wm.  Tiiuneit. 


The  mining'  public  knows,  judging  from  past  experi- 
ence, that,  notwithstanding  the  promise  of  would-be  mo- 
nopolists, never  to  "extort  high  prices,"  its  only  security 
agaiust  "high  prices"  is  in  patronizing  the  competing 
company.  This  matter  of  the  price  of -Powder  is  too  im 
portant  to  be  left  to  the  sense  0/ justice  of  a  corporation 
which  claims  an  oppressive  rojalty  on  the  Powder  busi- 
ness of  this  Coast. 

Vulcan    Powder    Company, 

RALPH  L.   SHAINWALD, 
Secretary 


ARTESIAN 


SURFACE 

Well-Boring 

TOOLS. 

Manufactured  by  th- 

Rust  Well  Auger 

COMPANY, 
OF    M.KOX,    MO. 

AUOERS  and  DRILLS  from  best  wrought 
iron  and  steel.  Shafting  is  2-inch  gas  pipe. 
Couplings  are  round  plugs  fitted  inside  the 
pipe.  Drills  fitted  for  rope  or  pole.  All 
tools  warranted,  and  sold  for  less  money 
than  can  be  got  elsewhere. 
Send  for  Circular.  £     O.    RUST,  Macon,  Mo. 

Prompt  Attention  to  Business. 

Aurora,  Nev.,  Dec.  7th,  1878." 
Messrs.  Dewey  &  Co.,  S.  F. — Dear  Sim: — I  acknowl- 
edge the  receipt  of  my  patent  per  express  this  morning, 
and  am  obliged  for  same.  I  do  not  know  what  to  say  to 
you  regarding  your  prompt  attention  to  business,  but  will 
say  to  my  friends  what  I  cannot  say  to  you.  Many  thanks 
is  what  you  will  get  from    Yours  truly.        C.  W.  Lake. 


_  FOR  SALE.  —  4-sided  6-inch  Molding  Machine. 
Jackson's  Agricultural  Machine  Works,  S.  E.  corner  6th 
and  Bluxome  Sts.,  San  Francjsco. 


W.   T.    GARRATT'S 

BRASS  and  BELL  FOUNDRY 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 

MANUFACTURER  AND  IMPORTER  OF 

Church  and  Steamboat  BELLS  and  GONGS 
BRASS  CASTINGS  of  all  kinds, 
■WATER  GATES.   GAS  GATES, 
FIRE  HYDRANTS, 

DOCK  HYDRANTS, 

GARDEN  HYDRANTS 

'General   Assortment    of    Engineers'   Findings. 

Hooker's    Patent 
Celebrated 

STEAM  PUMP 

£STThe  BcbI  and  Most 
Durable  in  use.  Also, 
a  variety  of  other 


For  Mining  aud  Farm- 
ing Purposes. 

ROOT'S  BLAST  BLOWERS, 

For  Ventilating  Mines  and  for  Smelting  Works. 

HYDRAULIC    PIPES    AND     NOZZLES, 

For  Mining  Purposes. 

Garratt's    Improved     Journal    Metal. 

IMPORTER   OF 

IRON  PIPE  AND  MALLEABLE    IRON    FITTINGS. 

ALL  KIXD8  OF 

WORK  AND  COMPOSITION  NAILS, 

AT  LOWEST  RATES. 


l%2 


|_ 


Fig-.l 


FILElomr'S* 


Single  samples  will  be  mailed  from  office  for  fO 
cents,  (and  upward,  according  to  size),  postpaid.  Whok- 
salc  and  retail  agents  wanted. 

California  Steam  Navigation  Co. 

The  Steamers 
ALICE  GABRATT  and  CITY  OF  STOCKTON 

LEAVE  SAN  FRANCISCO 

DAILY  (Sundays  excepted)  at  5  p.    h.,  from  Washington 

Street  Wharf,  near  foot  of  Market  street. 

LEAVE  STOCKTON 

DAILY    (Sundays    excepted)    at    4    P.    M. 

T.  C.  WALKER,  G.  A.  CARLETON, 


President. 


Secretary 


>] 


mam 


At  the  Old  Stand,  Market,  head  of  Front  Street,  S.  F. 


126 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS 


[February  22,    1879. 


1)1  apd  fHachipe  llforb. 


THOS.  PENDERGAST.  HENKY  S.  SMITH. 

iETNA    IRON    WORKS, 


MANUFACTURERS  OP 


IRON  CASTINGS 

and      MACHINERY 


OP  ALL  KINDS. 


Fremont  Street,  Bet.  Howard  and  Folsom, 


SAN    FRANCISCO. 


SACRAMENTO.  BOILER   WORKS, 

214  &  216  BEALB  St.,  (rear  of  .(Etna  Foundry) 

J.  V.  HALL, 

PRACTICAL    BOILER    MAKER, 

Marine,  Stationary  and  Portable  Boilers,  Smoke  Stacks, 

Hydraulic  Pipe,    Oil  or  Water  Tanks,    Ore  and 

Water  Buckets,  Gasometers,  Girders,  Bridges 

and   Iron   Ship    Building. 

ALL    KINDS    OF    SHEET    IRON    WORK. 

Repairing   promptly   attended   to    at   the 
lowest   possible    terms. 


UNION  IRON  WORKS, 

SACRAMENTO,    CAL. 
ROOT,    NEILSON    &    CO., 

MANUFACTURBRS  OF 

STEAM    ENGINES,  BOILERS    AND    ALL 

Kinds  of  Machinery  for  Mining   Purposes. 

Flouring  Mills',  Saw  Mills'  and   Quartz  Mills'  Machinery 
constructed,    fitted   up  and  repaired. 

Front  Street,  Between  N  and  O  Streets, 

SACRAMENTO,     CAL. 


PHELPS 

MANUFACTURING    COMPANY, 

Manufacturers  of  all  kinds  of 

Wharf  and  Bridge  Bolts,    Railroad  Trestle 

"Work,   Car  Frames  and  Bolts,  Machine 

Bolts,   Set  Screws    and    Tap  Bolts, 

Lag    or    Coach    Screws. 

ALL  STYLES   OF  FANCY  HEAD  BOLTS. 

HOT  AND    COLD    PRESSED    HEXAGONAL    AND 

SQUARE    NUTS,     WASHERS,     BOLT    ENDS, 

TURNBUCKLES,    ETC.,    ETC. 

13, 15  and  17  Drumm  St.,  near  California, 

SAK  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 


Golden  State  &  Miners  Iron  Works, 

Manufacture  Iron  Castings  and  Machinery 
of  all  Kinds  at  Greatly  Reduced  Rates. 

STEVENSON'S  PATENT 

Mold-Board  AMALGAMATORS, 
Golden  State  Pressure  Blowers. 

First  St..  bet-ween  Howard  &  Folsom,  S.  F. 


Wm.  H.  Bircu.  John  Argall. 

California    Machine   Works, 
BIRCH,    ARGALL    &    CO., 

119  Beale  Street,  San  Francisco. 

jJ-iTGeneral  Mechanical  Engineers  and  Machinists. 
Steam  Engines,  Flour,  Quartz  aud  Mining  Machinery. 
Sole  manufacturers  of  Brodie's  Patent  Rock  Crushers  and 
Steel-Paced  Tappits.  Steam,  Hydraulic  and  Sidewalk 
Elevators.     Repairing  promptly  attended  to. 


California    Brass    Foundry, 

No,  125  First  Street,  Opposite  Minna. 
SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL.    - 

All  kinds  of  Brass,  Composition,  Zinc,  and  Babbitt 
Metal  Castings,  Brass  Ship  Work  of  all  kinds,  Spikes, 
sheathing  Nails,  Rudder  Braces,  Hinges,  Ship  and  Steam- 
boat Bells  and  Gongs  of  superior  tone.  All  kinds  of  Cocks 
and  Valves,  Hydraulic  Pipes  and  Nozzles,  and  Hose  Coup- 
lings and  Connections  of  all  sizes  and  patterns,  furnished 
with  dispatch.  ^PRICES  MODKUATE.-^ 

J.  H.  WEED.  V.  KINGWELL. 


STEAM  ENGINES  AND  BOILERS 

Of  all  sizes — from  2  to  60-Horse  power.  Also,  Quartz 
Mills,  Mining  Pumps,  Hoisting  Machinery,  Shafting,  Iron 
Tanks,  etc.     For  sale  at  the  lowest  prices  by 

J.    HENDY,  49  and  51  Fremont  Street,  S.  F. 


THOMAS  THOMPSON. 


THORNTON  THOMPSON. 


THOMPSON    BROTHERS, 

EUREKA    FOUNDRY, 

129  and  131-  Beale  St.,  between  Mission  and  Howard,  S.  F 

MANUFACTURERS  OF  CASTINGS  OF  EVERY  DESCRIPTION. 


WIND  MILL. 


One  of  the  best  made  in  this  State 
for  sale  cheap  on  easy  terms.    Ad- 
dress, W.  T.  care  of  Dewey  &,  Co.,  S.  F. 


GEORGE  W.  PRESCOTT. 


IRVING  M.  SCOTT. 


H.  T.  SCOTT. 


]nion    |rdn   Works. 

Office,  61  First  St.  |  Cor.  First  &  Mission  Sts.,  S.  F.  |  p.   0.   Box,  2128. 


BUILDERS     OP 


Steam,    Air   and    Hydraulic    Machinery. 

Home  Industry.— All  "Work  Tested  and  Guaranteed. 


Vertical  Engines, 

Baby  Hoists,    ' 

Stamps, 

Horizontal  Engines, 

Ventilating  Fans, 

Pans, 

Automatic  Cut-off  Engines, 

Rock  Breakers, 

Settlers, 

Compound  Condensing  Engines, 

Self-Feeders, 

Retorts, 

Shafting, 

Pulleys, 

Etc.,  Etc. 

TRY    OUR    MAKE,  CHEAPEST   AND    BEST    IN    USE. 
Send  for  Late  Circulars.  PRESCOTT,  SCOTT  &  CO. 


TV^  i  1 1  i  a  m      H  awkine, 

Successor  to 

HAWEZI1TS  &  Oj^IsTTI^ELTI,, 
MACHINE     WORKS, 

210  and  212  Beale  Street,  bet.  Howard  and  Folsom  Sts.,    -    -    San  Francisco. 

Manufacturers    of 

IMPROVED    PORTABLE    HOISTING    ENGINES, 

For   Mining  and   Other   Purposes. 

Steam  Engines  and  all  Kinds  of  Mill  and  Mining  Machinery. 


Pacific  Rolling  Mill  Co., 

SAN    FRANCISCO,    CAL. 

MANUFACTURERS    OF 

RAILROAD  AND    MERCHANT  IRON, 

ROLLED  BEAMS,  ANGLE,  CHANNEL  AND  T  IRON,  BRIDGE  AND  MACHINE  BOLTS,  LAG  SCREWS,  NUTS 
WASHERS,  ETC,   STEAMBOAT    SHAFTS,  CRANKS,  PISTONS,   CONNECTING    RODS,  ETC.,  ETC. 

Car  and  Locomotive  Axles  and  Frames,  and  Hammered  Iron  of  Every  Description. 

HIGHEST    PRICE    PAID    FOR    SCRAP    IRON. 

«3'  Orders  Solicited  and  Promptly  Executed.  Office,  No.  16  FIRST  STREET. 


Fulton    Iron    Works. 

Hinckley,  Spiers  &  Hayes. 

(ESTABLISHED    IN    1855.) 

Works,  Fremont  and  Howard  Sts.  |  San  Francisco,  Cal.  |  Office,  No.  213  Fremont  St. 


MANUFACTURERS    OF 


Marine  Engines  and   Boilers, 

Propeller  Engines  either  High  Pressure  or  Com- 
pound Stern  or  Side  Wheel  Engines. 

Mining   Machinery. 

Hoisting  Engines  :md  Works,  Cages,  Ore  Buckets,  Ore 
Cars,  Pumping  Engines  and  Pumps,  Water  Buckets, 
Purnp  Columns,  Air  Compressors,  Air  Receivers, 
Air    Pipes. 


Mill  Machinery. 

Batteries  for  Dry  or 


Wet  Crushing,     Amalgamating 


Pans,  Settlers,  Furnaces,  Retorts,  Concentrators,  Ore 
Feeders,  Rock  Breakers,  Furnaces  for  Reducing  Ores 
Water  Jackets,  Etc 


Sugar   Machinery. 


Crushing  Rolls,  CIarifier3,  Vacuum  Pans,  Air  Pumps, 
Concentrators,  Bag  Filters,  Charcoal  Filters,  Blow-up 
Tanks,  Coolers  and  Receiving  Tanks. 


Miscellaneous   Machinery. 


Flour  Mill  Machinery,  Saw  Mill  Engines  and  Boilers, 
Dredging  Machinery,  Oil  Well  Retorts,  Powder  Mill  Ma- 
chinery, Water  Wheels. 

FnninAC     and     RniloPC    "f  ^'1  kinds,  either  for  use  on  Steamboats  and  made  in  accordance  with    the 
CliyillCo     allU     DUUcI  o    Act  of  Congress  regulating  the  same,  or  for  use  on  land, 
or  Air  Column,  Fish  Tanks  for  Salmon  Canneries  of  every  description. 
Boiler  repairs  promptly  attended  to  aud  at  very  moderate  rates. 


Water  Pipe,  Punij 


PACIFIC    IRON    WORKS, 

First  and  Fremont  Streets,  between  Mission  and   Howard,   San   Francisco,  Cal., 
RANKIN,    BRAYTON    <fc    CO., 

Manufacturers    of 

ENGINES,  BOILERS,    MARINE    AND    STATIONARY.      PUMPING,    HOISTING,  AND    MINING    MACHINERY 

INCLUDING  BATTERIES,  AMALGAMATING  PANS  AND  SETTLERS,  CONCENTRATORS,  ORE  FEEDERS, 

CRUSHING  ROLLS  AND  ROCK  BREAKERS.     ALSO,  WATER  JACKET  SMELTING  FURNACES, 

FOR  REDUCING   LEAD,  SILVER    AND    COPPER    ORES,  QUICKSILVER    FURNACES, 

RETORTS  AND  CONDENSERS,  ROASTING  AND   CHLORIDIZING  FURNACES, 

SUGAR    MILL    MACHINERY,  WATER    WHEELS,  Etc.,   ALL    OF    THE 

LATEST  AND  MOST  IMPROVED  CONSTRUCTION. 

Ag-ents  for  the  Alfen  Engine  Governor,  Bailey  Air  Compressor,  Howell's 
Improved  White  Furnaces,  Walker's  Compound  Steam  Pumps,  Etc. 


Western  Iron  "Wor]is, 

316     and     318     Mission     Street,     San     Francisco, 

PERRY  EDWARDS,  Prop'r. 

Manufacturer  of  Wrought  Iron  Girders,  Trusses,   Prison   Cells,  Iron  Roofs.  Crest 

Railings,  Finials,  Fences,  Weathervanes,  Gratings,  Iron  Work  for  Models,  Etc. 

Nickel   Plated   Railings.         Bank  and  Store  Fittings.        Estimates  given  and  Iron  Work  furnished  for  Buildings. 


Tate  the  Paper  that  stands  by  your  in- 
terests. 


Driving  Nails  Under  Water.— Stack's  illustrated  ad- 
vertisement appears  once  a  month  in  this  paper. 


p] 

Wt 

frf<n 

flSj 

!^S2*! 

TO 

fi 

iftftB 

jHfH 

■Corner  Beale  and  Howard  Sts., 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 

W.  H.  TAYLOR,  Pres't.  JOSEPH  MOORE,  Sup't. 

Builders  of  Steam  Machinery 

In  all  its  Branches, 

Steamboat,  Steamship,  Land 

Engines  and  Boilers, 

HIGH  PRESSURE  OR  COMPOUND. 

STEAM  VESSELS,  of  all  kinds,  built  complete  with 
Hulls  of  Wood,  Iron  or  Composite. 

ORDINARY  ENGINES  compounded  when  ad- 
visable. 

STEAM  LAUNCHES,  Barges  and  Steam  Tugs  con- 
structed with  reference  to  the  Trade  in  which  they  are 
to  be  employed.  Speed,  tonnage  and  draft  of  water 
guaranteed. 

STEAM  BOILERS.  Particular  attention  given  to 
the  quality  of  the  material  and  workmanship,  and  none 
but  first-class  work  produced. 

SUGAR  MILLS  AND  SUGAR-MAKING 
MACHINERY  made  after  the  most  approved  plans. 
Also,  all  Boiler  Iron  Work  connected  therewith. 

"WATER  PIPE,  of  Boiler  or  Sheet  Iron,  of  any  Bize 
made  in  suitable  lengths  for  connecting  together,** 
sheets  rolled,  punched,  and  packed  for  shipment  ready 
to  be  riveted  on  the  ground. 

HYDRAULIC  RIVETING.  Boiler  Work  and 
Water  Pipe  made  by  this  establishment,  riveted  by 
Hydraulic  Riveting  Machinery,  that  quality  of  work 
being  far  superior  to  hand  work. 

SHIP  WORK.  Ship  and  Steam  Capstains,  Steam 
Winches,  Air  and  Circulating  Pumps,  made  after  the 

■    most  approved  plans, 

PUMPS.  Direct  Acting  Pumps,  for  Irrigation  or  City 
Water  Works  puqioses,  built  with  the  celebrated  Davy 
Valve  Motion,  superior  tn  any  other  Pump. 


—  AT  toe  — 

Ei  ctric  Model  &  Machine  Works 

Inventors  and    others  can  pret  First-Class 
Work:  at  Moderate  Prices. 

After  10  years  experience  with  inventions  and  other 
mechanical  work,  I  am  fully  prepared  to  execute  dra\V= 
ings,  working-models  and  fine  machinery  of  any  descrip- 
tion to  entire  satisfaction. 

Brass  Finishing,  Pattern  Making,  Gear  Cutting,  Tele- 
graphic and  other  Electrical  Apparatus  by  competent 
workmen. 

TELEPHONES    TO    ORDER. 

F.  W.  FULLER,  415  Market  Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


Main    Street    Iron    Works, 

WM.    DEACON,    PROPRIETOR. 

Nos.  131, 133  &  135  Main  St.,  San  Francisco. 

Stationary  and  Marine  Engines, 

Shafting,  Pulleys,  and  General  Machine  Work.  Jobbing 
and  repairing  done  Promptly  and  at  Lowest  Rates. 
Screw  Propellers,  Propeller  and  Steamboat  Engines. 

SAW  MILLS  and  SAW  MILL  MACHINERY. 


ni 

BEREUME 


Market,  head  of  Front  Street,  San  Francisco. 


Steel  Castings. 

From  \  to  10,000  lbs.  weight,  true  to  pattern,  sound  and 
solid,  of  unequaled  strength,  toughness  aud  durability. 
An  invaluable  substitute  for  forgings  or  cast-iron  requir- 
ing three-fold  strength.     Send  for  circular  and  price  list  to 


CHESTER    STEEL 
EVELINA    STREET, 


CASTINGS    CO., 
PHILADELPHIA, 


Diamond    Drill    Co. 

The  undersigned,  owners  of  LESCHOT'S  PATENT" 
for  DIAMOND  POINTED  DRILLS,  now  brought  to  the 
highest  state  of  perfection,  are  prepared  to  fill  orders 
for  the  IMPROVED  PROSPECTING  AND  TUNNELING 
DRILLS,  with  or  without  power,  at  short  notice,  and 
at  reduced  prices.  Abundant  testimony  furnished  of 
the  great  economy  and  successful  working  of  numerous 
machines  in  operation  in  the  quartz  and  gravel  mines 
on  this  coast.  Circulars  forwarded,  and  full  infor- 
mation given  upon  application. 

A.  J.  SEVERANCE  &  CO. 
Office,  No.  320  Sansome  street.  Room  10. 


GOLD    MINE    WANTED. 

One  now  paying  more  than  expenses.    Addres 

W-    S.    KEYES,    M.    E., 
No.  310  Pine  St.,  Room  42,   San  Francisco 


'ebruary  22,  1879. 1 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


127 


A.  L.  FISH  &  CO.,  9  and  1 1  First  St.,  S.  F.,  Cal. 


THORNE  &  DeHAVEN 
PORTABLE    DRILL. 


Air  Compressors 

AND 

AIR  COLUMN, 

istisg  Engines, 

STEAM 

Fire   Engines, 

AND 

i 

!  Hose  Carts. 


PATEHT  STEAM  PIP.  R0CK  DRILLS' 

Steam  Hammers, 


Portal  Eigins!, 


Waters'  Perfect 

Wine,   Cider,      ENGINE  governor. 


Ferris  &  Miles'  Lathe. 


For  all  Purposes  where  Pumping  is  Required. 


FERRIS   &   MILES'   PLANER. 

ENGINES,    BOILERS,    QUARTZ    MILLS,    SAW    MILLS,    &c. ,    &c. 


RUSSELL'S  AMALGAMATOR. 


Ingersoll  Rock  Drills. 


Patented  June  25  th,  187S. 


SAYB    ITOTTIR,    GOLD 
And    Also    SAVE    YOUR    QUICKSILVER. 

The  above  Washer  and  Amalgamator  with  new  patent  Wiro  Bridge  Quicksilver  Boxes  attached,  ean  he  worked 
k'etor  dry,  either  by  hand,  steam,  horse  or  water  power,  and  is  easily  taken  apart  and  packed.  For  washing  Pulp, 
larth,  Gravel,  Mill  Tailings  or  Black  Sand,  it  is  without  a  rival. 

Has  been  Thoroughly  Tested  and  given  Complete  Satisfaction. 

The  entire  Lining,  Hanging  Plates,  Riffleg  and  Boxes  Amalgamated 

S    GUARANTEED    TO  SAVE    THE    FINEST    OR     FLOAT    GOLD. 

Capacity,  30  to  60  tone  per  day,  according  io  size.     For  further  particulars  apply  to 

J.  MORIZIO,  Gen'l  Agt.. 

Room  24,  Safe  Deposit  Building,  Corner  Montgomery  and  California  Streets,   SAN  FRANCISCO. 


SANDERSON  BROS.  &  CO.'S 

Best  Refined.  Cast-Steel. 

Warranted  Most  Superior  for  Drills,  Hammers,  Etc. 

A  full  and    complete   stock   of  this   reliable  and  well-known 
brand  of  Steel,  for  mining  and  other  uses,  now  in  stock  and  for  sale 

At  No-  417  Market  St,  S.  F.,   -   H.  D.  Morris,  Agent. 


San   Francisco   Pioneer   Screen   Works, 

J.  W.  QUICK,  Manufacturer, 

Several  first  premiums  received 
for  Quartz  Mill  Screens,  and  Per- 
forated Sheet  Metals  of  every 
description.  I  would  call  special 
attention  to  my  SLOT  CUT  and 
SLOT  PUNCHED  SCREENS, 
which  are  attracting  much  at- 
tention and  giving  universal 
satisfaction.  This  is  the  only 
establishment  on  the  coast  de- 
voted exclusively  to  the  manufac- 
ture of  Screens.  Mill  owners  using  Battery  Screens  exten- 
sively can  contract  for  large  supplies  at  favorable  rates. 
Orders  solicited  and  promptly  attended  to. 

32  Fremont  Street,  San  Francisco. 


Prompt  and  Successful. — Messrs.  Dewey  A:  Co: — Gci 
tlemen;  YourCireular  letter,  12th  inst.,  informing  me  of 
successful  termination  of  my  applicatiou  for  patent  re- 
ceived. Please  accept  thanks  for  the  prompt  and  suc- 
cessful manner  in  which  you  have  managed  thiB  business 
Yours  respectfully,  J.  H.  Cavakaugii. 

Walla  Walla,  Dee  24th. 


THE     AMERICAN 


■TU&BIUE 


AD  sizes, 
and  adapted  to ' 

from         _ 

340500  •    Water  Wheels 


feet  head. 


THE  BEST  IN  THE 
WORLD  !     • 

Send  for  our  Circular 

and  Prices. 
BERRY  &  PLACE. 

Market  St.,  Head   of  Front, 

San  Francisco. 


In  use  in    the    largest    and  best 
Mines  of  the  Coast. 

HAS    AUTOMATIC  FEED. 

Has  less  Repairs. 

Is  Lighter  and  more  Easily  Ad- 
justed than  any  other  Drill. 
Our  DRY  AIR  COMPRESSORS  are  the  most  Economical  Compressors  in  the  Market 

MINERS'  HORSE-POWER. 

This  Power  is  especially  adapted  to  working  mines,  hoist 
ing  coal  or  building  material,  etc.  It  will  do  the  work  cl  a 
Steam  Engine  with  one-tenth  the  expense.  One  Horse  ca^ 
easily  hoist  over  1,000  pounds  at  a  depth  of  500  feet, 

The  Power  is  mninly  built  of  wrought  iron,  and  cannot  bo 
affected  by  exposure.  The  hoisting-drum  is  thrown  out  of 
gear  by  the  lever,  while  tlie  load  is  held  in  place  with  a  hrak<s 
by  the  man  tending  bucket,  The  frame  of  the  Power  is 
bolted  to  bed-timbers,  thus  avoiding  all  frame  work.  When 
required  these  Powers  arc  made  in  sections  for  packing. 

REYNOLDS,   RIX   &   CO..  18  &  20   Fremont  St.,  San  Francisco. 


to 


SI 


CO 


"?rQ:~   .SYSTEMATIC 
1  Q:0NCxntbAti°n 


llliMSS, 


^OASTJUQ  CYLINDERS. 


Is 


«  2 


'has 


^.ddLreSS.  PBiSEB,  CHALMEBS  .&  CO.,  Cllie»eo,  111. 


D.  F.  HUTCHINGS. 


D.  M.   DUNNE. 


3.  SANDERSON 


PHCEUIX    OIL    "WOIE^IECS, 

HUTCHINGS     &     CO., 

OIL    and    COMMISSION    MERCHANTS, 

Manufacturers  and  Dealers  in  Sperm,  Whale,  Lard,  Machinery  and  Illuminating  Oils. 
517    FRONT   STREET     SAN    FRANCISCO. 


C.    L.    GILLER, 
SEAL    ENGRAVER    AND    DIE    SINKER, 

No.  430  MONTGOMERY  STREET,  S.  F. 

The  best  Work  done  on  the  most  reasonable  tenna  on 
the  Coast. 


Mining    Books. 

Orders  for  agricultural  and  scientific  books  in  general 
will  be  supplied  through  this  office  at  published  rates. 


Dewey  &  Co. 


.rSsJPatentAg'ts. 


128 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[February  22,    1879. 


Mining    Machinery    Depot, 

PARKE  &  LACY,  417  Market  St. 

AIR  COMPRESSORS  and  ROCK  DRILLS. 

HOISTING    E1TGIUBS, 

ALL  SIZES,  DOUBLE  AND  SINGLE,  WITH  SINGLE  and  DOUBLE  KEELS. 

Pressure  Blowers.     Diamond  Anti-Friction  Metal.     Flexible   Shafts. 
PUMP 


And 

AIR 
COLUMN. 

BURLEIGH   ROCK   DRILL,       HOOK 

Does  more  ■work  at  Less  Cost  And 

THAN  ANY  OTHER   ROCK  DRILL.   LADDER 

FIRE  ENGINES,         Trucks- 
Babcock  Chemical  Engines, 

Hose  Carts  and  Fire  Extinguishers. 


Centrifugal  Pumps  for  Irrigating.       burleigh  air   compressor 


DEANE'S     STEAM      PUMPS, 

VERTICAL    AND    HORIZONTAL. 


Gives  Better  Results  than  any 
Compressor  Known. 


Putnam's   Wood-Working    Machinery 

MACHINISTS'   TOOLS. 

Lathe  Chucks.     Farmers'  Batter 

HILL'S    EXPLODERS. 
SEND    FOR  CIRCULARS. 


Winchester  Repeating  Rifle 


MODEL     1873. 


The  Strength  ot  All  its  Parts, 

The  Simplicity  of  its  Construction, 
The  Rapidity  of  its  Fire. 

The  Power  and  Accuracy  of  its  Discharge,  „. .  .         , 

j  **'  av,    Btnng  measuring  from    center   of   tar- 

get to  center  of  each  ahot,  32 

The  Impossibility  of  Accident  in  Loading,       in£S  bAT^SS.0' 

Commend  it  to  the  attention  of  all  -who  use  a  Rifle,  either  for  Hunting, 

Defense,  or  Target  Shooting. 
The  San  Francisco  Agency  is  now  fully  supplied  with  all  the  various  kinds  and  stylee 
of  Arms  manufactured  by  the  "Winchester  Repeating:  Arms  Company,  to  wit : 
Round  barrels,  plain  and  set,  24  inch — blued.  Octagon  barrel,  plain,  24  inch — blued.  Octagon  barrel,  set 
24,  26,  28,  30  inch— blued.  Octagon  barrel,  set  extra  heavy,  24,  26,  28,  30  inch — blued.  Octagon  barrel,  set,  24 
26,  28,  30 — extra  finished,  case  hardened  and  check  stocks.  Octagon  barrel,  set  extra  heavy,  24,  26,  28,  30  inch- 
extra  finished— C.  H.  &  C.  S.  Octagon,  barrel,  set,  24,  26,  28,  30  inch— beautifully  finished— C.  H.  &  C.  S.t 
known  as  "One  of  One  Thousand."  Octagon  barrel,  set,  gold,  silver  and  nickel  plated  and  engraved.  Carbines 
blued,  also  gold,  silver  and  nickel  plated.  Military  rifle  muskets,  model  1873.  Rines,  muskets  and  carbines, 
model  1866.      RELOADING  TOOLS,  PRIMERS  AND  PARTS  OF  ARMS. 

A  heavy  stock  of  Cartridges  Manufactured  by  the  W.  R,  A.  Co.,  for  all  kinds  of  Rifles 
and  Pistols,  constantly  on  hand  and  warranted  the  best  in  the  market. 

Sole  Agent  for  Dupont's  Mining,  Blasting,  Cannon,  and  Celebrated  Brands 
of  Sporting  Powder, 

JOHN  SKINKER,  No.   115  Pine   Street,  San   Francisco, 

SOLE    AGENT    FOB    THE    PACIFIC    COAST. 


LEFFEL'S  IMPROVED  WATER  WHEEL. 


Users  of  Water  Power! 

Write  us  for  Pamphlet  of  our  celebrated  Leffel 
Turbine 

WATER   WHEEL. 


Great    Reduction    of    Prices 
FOR    1879. 


XTEW    SHOPS 


NEW    MACHINERY 

ENABLES  US  TO  MAKE  THE 

Best    arjd    Cheapest    Wheel 

In  the  Market,     Write  to 

JAMES  LEFFEL  &  CO.,  Springfield,  Ohio,  or  109  Liberty  St.,  N.  Y. 


N.    W.    SPATJLDING'S 


(PATENT   DETACHABLE   TOOTH    SAWS, 

Manfuactory,  17  &  19  Fremont  St.,  S.  F. 


htejits 


OBTAINED  IN  TJ.  S.  AND  FOREIGN 
COUNTRIES;  trademarks,  labels  and  copy- 
rights registered  through  DEWEY  &  CO  'S 
Mining  and  Scientific  Pre.ss  Patent 
Agency,  San  Francisco.  Send  for  free  circular 


GARDNERS' 

Celebrated 

vernor 

These  Steam  Governors   have   long 
been  known  as  THE  BEST,  and 
as  lately  Improved  and  Per- 
fected, they  have  no  Rival. 

THE    SAFETY     STOP 

On  these  Governors  is  alone  worth  double  the  price  of 
the  Governor.     We  have  sold  over  six  hundred,  and 

Never  one  has  Failed. 

Tliey  are  sold  at  the  same  price  (or  less)  as  ordinary 
Governors.     Send  for  Circular. 

BERRY   &.   PLACE, 

Market,  head  of  Front  St.,  San  Francisco 


Engraving  done  at  this  office. 


MANUFACTURED  UNDER  A.   NOBEL'S  ORIGINAL  AND  ONLY  VALID  NITROGLYCERINE  PATENTS 

Nos.  ONE,    TWO    and    THREE. 
Stronger,   Better  and  Safer  than  any  other  High  Explosive. 

Judson    Powder 

IS  NOW  USED  IN  ALL  LARGE  HYDRAULIC  CLAIMS. 

It  breaks  more  ground,   pulverb.es  it  better,   saves  time  and  money,   and  is    superseding:     the    ordinary 
powder  wherever  it  is  tried.     ^Triple  Force  Caps  and  all  Grades  of  Fuse. 

BANDMANN,    NIELSEN    &    CO..  San  Frar.oisco. 


VULCAN  BLASTING  POWDER. 


The    strongest    and 
most  economical  ex-  • 
plosive  in  use. 


Wherever  it  has  been  given  a  test,  it  has  surpassed  all  other  high  explosives. 

i.N  PABLO,  Californ 
and  RENO.  Nevada. 


Works  at  SAN  -PA-"2'  c_anf°.rnia. 


flffioo      No.  123  California   Street, 
UIIU.B,  SaN    FRANCISCO. 


R 


PALACE  T 


This  elegant  and  spa- 
cious S.  F.  Restaurant 
has  Tn-on  re-opened  with 
superior  bill  of  fare  dai- 


f  QTAIIRAN   I     Good  Living  at 
LO  I  &UnMH  JL  Reduced  Prices 


218  Sansome  St. 


ly,  and  is  now  the  best 

anilmost  popular  dining 
saloon  on  this  Coast. 
[Lunch  ready  at  10  A.  M.]  Resident  business  men  aud  visi- 
tors from  abroad  will  be  wise  in  giving  this  place  an  early 
call.     Examine  bill  of  fare  and  prices. 

HERMAN  H.  HORST,  Prop'r. 


Tbis  paper  is  printed  with  Ink  furnished  by 
Chas.  Eneu  Johnson  &  Co.,  509  South  10th 
St,  Philadelphia  &  69  Gold  St..  N.  Y. 


P.    P.    CO. 

Room  with  steam  power  to  let  in  the 
Pacific  Power  Co.'s  new  brick  building, 
Stevenson  street,  near  Market.  Eleva- 
tor in  building.  Apply  at  the  Com- 
pany's office,  202  Sansome  St.,  room  7. 

TO    MINING    MEN  ! 

All  who  are  interested  in  improved  Mining  Machinery, 
are  requested  to  examine  one  of  the  largest  size  of 

PAUL'S  PULVERIZING  BARREL, 

Which  can  be  seen  (prior  to  shipment),  at  the  Golden 
State  and  Miners'  Foundry,  237  First  Street,  near  Howard. 


BY    JO.EWEY    »v    OO. 

I'llhllsluis. 


SAN  FRANCISCO,  SATURDAY,  MARCH  1,  1879. 


VOLUME    3t3C3CVIII 
Wumbor    O. 


Hughes'  Fog  Signal  Compass. 

A  Ready  Means  of  Avoiding  Collision  of 
Vessels  In  Foggry  Weather. 

Capt.  William  Hughes,  who  has  been  for 
many  years  captain  on  the  line  of  ferry  steamers 
between  this  city  and  Oakland,  and  who  has 
plenty  of  opportunity  for  knowing  the  difficulties 
of  finding  the  way  from  wharf  to  wharf  in  thick 
weather,  has  devised  a  fog  signal  compass,  with 
which  by  very  simple  means,  danger  of  collision 
may  be  avoided.  Numerous  attempts  have  been 
made  to  perfect  a  code  of  signals,  by  which  ves- 
sels can  determiue  the  position  or  course  of  other 
vessels  in  a  fog,  but  most  of  them  are  either  too 
complicated  or  otherwise  impracticable.  Capt. 
Hughes  has  invented  a  system  which  seems  per- 
fectly simple,  and  in  which  the  course  to  pursue 
is  as  plain  as  the  compass  points,  and,  in  fact,  is 
printed  on  the  compasB. 

The  difiiculty'is  usually  to  tell  what  course 
the  other  vessel  is  on  when  two  are  approaching 
each  other  in  thick  weather.  Collisions  fre- 
quently occur  between  steamers  even  when  the 
respective  captains  know  of  the  proximity  of 
the  vessels  by  the  sound  of  the  whistles.  In 
foggy  weather  the  direction  of  sound  is  difficult 
to  determine,  and  while  it  may  appear  to  come 
from  off  the  port  bow  for  instance,  it  may  really 
be  off  the  starboard  bow  or  dead  ahead,  and  the 
actual  position  or  course  of  the  other  vessel  may 
not  be  determined  until  too  late  to  avert  colli- 
sion. This  was  the  case  in  the  recent  collision 
between  the  Alameda  and  El  Caption  in  San 
Francisco  bay.  If,  however,  the  masters  could 
indicate  to  each  other  by  any  simple  established 
code  of  signals  the  course  of  each  vessel,  such 
collisions  could  be  avoided. 

It  is  this  that  Capt.  Hughes'  system  does. 
He  makes  the  code  of  signals  unmistakeable  in 
its  character,  and  simple  to  carry  out  by  means 
of  an  improved  compass  card,  which  is  used  on 
any  compass,  and  in  no  way  changes  any  of  the 
existing  conditions  of  points  of  compass  or  Gov- 
ernment rules.  A  fac  simile  of  this  card  is 
shown  in  the  engraving. 

On  the  outer  circle  of  the  compass  card  are 
the  usual  marks  and  letters  indicating  the 
points  of  compass.  Just  inside  of  this  outer 
circle  is  another  circle,  in  which  is  printed  a 
series  of  arbitrary  numbers,  which  correspond 
to  definite  points  of  the  compass,  said  figures 
being  printed  on  the  same  place  on  all  cards 
alike,  with  relation  to  the  same  points. 

We    append   a  fac  simile    of  the    key   from 
which,  even   those  not   familiar  with   nautical 
matters,    may     understand    how    the    system 
works  : 
Key  to  Captain   Wm.  Hughes'  Fog  Signal 

Compass. 
Sounds.  Number.  Course. 

11-1-11 212 N 

1-11 12 NbvE 

1-111 13 NNE 

1111  14 NEbyN 

121 NE 

15 NEby  E 

ENE 


16., 
17. 


21. 


EbyN 

E 

EbyS 

ESE 

SEby  E 

SE 

SEbyS 

SSE 

Sby  E 

S 

Sby  W 

SSW 

S  W  bv  S 

S\V 


1—11—1 

1—11111 

1—111111 

1—1111111 

Ill 

11—1 

11-11 

11—111 23 

1111 4 

11-1111 24 

11-11111 25 

11-111111 26 

11111 5 

111-1 31 

111—11 32 

111-111 33 

111111 6 

111—1111 34 S\V  by  W 

111-11111 35 WSW 

1111—1 41 W  by  S 

1111111 7 '     W 

1111—11 42 W  by  N 

1111—111 43 WNW 

1111  -1111 44 NWbyW 

11111111 8 NW 

11111—1 51 NW  by  N 

11111  -11 52 NNW 

11111—111 53 N  by  W 

1—11—11 TO  STOP  HER 122 

11—11—11 TO  BACK  HER 222 

11—11—111 AT  ANCHOR 223 

1  WIIISTLB   STARBOARD. 

2  W1IISTLBS  FORT. 

Distress  Signal—A  succession  of  single  sounds. 
The  above  is  on  a  separate  card,  which  may  be 


on  the  inside  of  the  cover  of  the  compass  box 
or  any  convenient  place  where  it  and  the  com- 
pass may  be  seen  at  the  same  time,  and  is 
the  key  to  the  figures  on  the  compass  card, 
which  indicates  what  sounds  to  make  with 
whistle,  bell  or  fog  horn,  to  correspond  with  the 
figures  and  points  of  compass  on  the  card.  It 
is  only  necessary  to  look  at  the  key  once  to 
understand  it,  as  the  numbers,  etc.,  are  all  con- 
tained on  the  compass  card. 

The  use  of  the  compass  may  be  understood 
from  the  following  examples  :  Suppose  for 
instance  a  vessel  is  steering  due  north  in  a  fog, 
and  the  master  wishes  to  indicate  to  another 
vessel  the  course  he  is  on.  This  compass  points 
north,  and  under  this  point  on  the  compass  card 
are  the  figures  212.  He  then  sounds  212  by  the 
whistle,  in  the  manner  indicated  on  the  key, 
viz  :  two  distinct  sounds  by  the  whistle,  and 
then  an  interval ;  then  a  single  note  followed 
by  an  interval ;  and  then  two  consecutive  notes, 
said  sounds  representing  the  numerals  212.  The 
master  of  the  other  vessel  hearing  the  whistle 
sounded  in  this  way,  looks  at  his  compass  for  the 
corresponding  number,  which  tells  him  that  the 
vessel  from  which  the  sound  comes  is  steering 
due  north.  Again,  north  by  east,  is  indicated 
by  the  numerals  12,  and  by  the  sound  of  a  single 


is  at  anchor,  as  the  case  may  be.  The  "distress 
signal"  is  a  succession  of  sounds  repeated  rap- 
idly. On  another  circle  are  printed  the  words 
and  figures,  "1,  Starboard"  and  "2,  Port,"  on 
opposite  sides  of  the  cards,  which  are  the  usual 
signals  for  steamers  to  pass  to  starboard  or  port. 

These  sound  symbols  will  indicate  on  dark 
nights  or  in  foggy  weather  the  position  and 
course  of  vessels,  so  that  they  may  pass  and 
repass  without  danger  of  collision,  each  knowing 
what  the  other  is  doing  and  what  course  he  is 
on  although  not  in  sight. 

The  starboard  signal  (1)  is  sounded  at  all 
times  in  thick  weather  and  when  any  approach- 
ing sound  should  be  heard,  the  course  should 
be  immediately  sounded  as  described  to  indicate 
the  course  of  the  vessel. 

This  code  of  signals  would  prevent  accidents 
from  collisions  in  a  Beet  of  vessels  sailing  in  the 
same  general  direction  in  company  with  each 
other,  as  in  the  case  of  a  war  fleet.  The  recent 
collision  between  the  war  vessels  Kamig  Wit- 
helm  and  Grossei-  Kurfurst,  when  300  lives  were 
lost,  might  have  been  prevented  could  the  course 
of  the  respective  vessels  have  been  determined 
by  the  other  master.  They  were  steering  at  an 
angle  toward  each  other  in  a  fog  and  collided. 
With  a  code  of  signals  which  would  have  indi- 


•      CAPTAIN    WM.    HUGHES'    FOG    SIGNAL    COMPASS. 


note  followed  by  an  interval,  and  then  two  con- 
secutive notes.  The  course  northeast  by  north 
is  represented  by  the  number  15,  which  is  indi- 
cated by  one  single  note,  and  after  an  interval, 
five  successive  notes.  All  the  different  points 
of  the  compass  have  their  respective  figures 
marked  on  the  circle  as  described,  and  the  key 
shows  the  method  of  sounding  any  desired  one. 

The  sounds  are  made  on  the  same  principle  as 
the  fire  alarm  bell  indicates  the  district  in  which 
a  fire  has  occurred,  and  directs  the  firemen 
which  way  to  go.  These  sounds  indicate  to 
others  which  way  the  vessel,  from  which  they 
come,  is  going.  The  intervals  of  sounds  are 
shown  very  plainly  on  the  key. 

There  is  never  any  doubt  which  one  to  sound, 
for  it  is  indicated  on  the  compass  for  any  course 
the  vessel  is  steering  ;  and  the  master  of  each 
vessel  can  tell  which  course  the  other  is  pursu- 
ing. 

In  the  center  of  the  compass  card  is  a  circle 
having  several  phrases  printed  with  correspond- 
ing numbers  to  be  used  in  the  same  way.  For 
instance,  the  words  "To  stop  her,"  are  repre- 
sented by  the  number  122,  sounded  by  a  single 
note,  followed  by  an  interval;  then  two  notes 
and  an  interval,  and  then  two  more  notes.  "To 
back  her,"  is  represented  by  the  numbers  222, 
and  "At  anchor,"  by  the  numbers  223,  which 
may  be  sounded  in  the  manner  described. 
These  phrases  represent  that  the  vessel  sound- 
ing the  numbers  is  stopping,  is  being  backed,  or 


cated  the  course,  they  would  not  have  steered 
across  each  other,  but  the  courses  would  have 
been  altered  so  as  to  be  parallel,  or  the  vessels 
steered  at  a  slight  angle  away  from  each  other. 

This  system  does  not  in  anyway  interfere 
with  any  of  the  ordinary  ruleB  governing  naviga- 
tion, or  alter  the  compass.  The  printed  matter 
on  the  compass  card  is  merely  supplemental,  put 
there  for  immediate  convenient  reference,  and 
because  the  same  conditions  exist  in  all  com- 
passes alike.  When  vessels  find  that  they  are 
steering  towards  each  other  they  can  each  alter 
the  course,  which  fact  the  other  one  immedi- 
ately knows  as  the  signal  is  changed  to  corre- 
spond, and  collisions  are  avoided. 

This  system  is  more  fully  perfected  than  any 
yet  made  public  and  has  the  merit  of  simplicity 
as  a  guide  for  steamships  and  Bailing  ships 
steered  by  compass  in  foggy  weather.  Had  it 
been  in  use  on  our  local  ferry,  the  accident  the 
other  day  would  have  been  avoided,  as  the 
respective  captains  could  have  told  by  their 
compasses  that  they  were  steering  at  an  angle 
toward  each  other,  and  no  matter  where  they 
each  thought  the  other  steamers  were,  would 
have  altered  the  course  so  as  to  have  steered  at 
an  angle  away  from  each  other.  Or  they  could 
have  signaled  to  have  stopped  or  to  have  backed 
if  necessary,  in  the  manner  indicated  on  the 
card. 


Lead  is  again  in  active  demand  in  New 'York. 


Mining  in  British  Columbia. 

According  to  lateBt  advices  from  the  Caribou 
region,  mining  operations  of  most  kinds  had 
about  ceased  there  for  the  season.  But  little 
allusion  is  made  to  the  metalliferous  veins  re- 
ported to  have  been  discovered  there  last  year, 
leaving  us  to  infer  that  not  much  has  yet  been 
done  in  that  department  of  mining.  The  busi- 
ness seems,  however,  to  be  progressing  fairly  at 
one  or  two  points  at  least.  At  last  accounts 
the  Beedy  mill  on  Burna'  mountain  was  crush- 
ing splendid  rock,  and  expected  a  large  clean- 
up in  a  few  days.  The  Enterprise  Co. 'a  mines 
at  Island  mountain  were  still  being  worked  vig- 
orously, the  ore  being  hauled  to  the  mill,  a  dis- 
tance of  two  and  one-third  milea.  The  Fros- 
perine  Co.  were  making  efforts  to  open  their 
mine  and  develop  their  property.  The  work, 
however,  proceeded  slowly,  as  the  company  do 
not  desire  to  precipitate  operations  and  thereby 
render  assessments  too  heavy.  The  Perse- 
verance Co.  had  started  up,  and  the  question 
whether  it  is  better  to  run  a  tunnel  or  sink  on 
the  ledge  will  shortly  be  determined. 

While  aome  of  the  companies  engaged  at 
placer  mining  in  that  section  have  done  toler- 
ably well  the  past  year,  others  have  taken  out 
but  little  or  no  gold.  Among  the  more  success- 
ful companies  washing  on  William's  creek  the 
Bedrock  Flume  and  the  Black  Jack  are  men- 
tioned, which  with  one  or  two  others  had  made 
large  wages,  considering  the  scarcity  of  water 
towards  the  end  of  the  season,  much  of  the 
washing  being  now  performed  there  by  the 
hydraulic  method.  Some  of  the  companies 
engaged  in  opening  deep  claims  continue  work 
throughout  the  winter,  some  of  these  claims 
being  worked  through  shafts  and  others  through 
tunnel. 

The  inhabitants  of  Caribou  have  petitioned 
the  Dominion  government,  praying  for  the  ap- 
propriation of  a  sufficient  aum  to  remove  the 
rocks  in  Cottonwood  canydn  in  the  FraBer — an 
operation  which,  if  8ucceasful,  would  render  that 
river  navigable  from  Soda  creek  to  the  Fort 
George  canyon,  and  be  a  great  benefit  to  the 
mining  section  above  Quesnelmouth. 


The  Latest  Wonder  in  Arizona.  — The 
moat  recent  novelty  announced  in  Arizona  is 
the  discovery  made  at  Mountain  Spring  Station, 
of  either  a  very  old  and  extensive  mine  or  a 
very  wonderful  cave,  being  very  curious  which- 
ever it  ia.  This  opening  has  a  fine  arched 
entrance,  cut  apparently  out  of  the  solid  rock. 
At  a  point  about  40  feet  in  from  the  mouth  a 
room  about  75  feet  aquare  is  reached,  from  which 
several  halls  or  tunnels  branch  out.  Some  of 
these  have  been  explored  for  a  distance  of  200 
and  300  feet.  There  are  several  shafts  indica- 
tive of  artificial  workinga.  The  incline  of  the 
tunnel  ia  about  10  feet  to  tfce  100.  The  main 
cave  or  tunnel  has  been  explored  for  about  500 
feet  from  the  entrance.  The  ceiling  ia  in  a  red 
spar  and  in  the  side  tunnels  are  numbers  of 
beautiful  stalactites  and  incruatations.  The 
direction  of  the  excavation  is  toward  a  large 
ledge  of  mineral  matter  about  a  quarter  of  a 
mile  from  the  entrance.  Everything  here  aeems 
to  point  to  this  having  been  a  mine  rather  than 
a  natural  cave.  In  such  case  it  ia  doubly 
interesting  as  a  reminder  of  the  extinct  race 
which  ia  known  to  have  once  inhabited  that 
region.  A  more  thorough  exploration  of  the 
place  is  soon  to  be  made. 


The  New  Almaden  and  the  Enriquita  quick- 
ailver  mines' produced  from  January  lat,  1850 
to  December  31st,  1877,  650,898  flasks  of  metal, 
nearly  all  of  it  coming  from  the  former.  The 
highest  wholeaale  rates  at  which  quickailver 
sold  in  San  Francisco  was  $1.50  per  pound,  and 
the  lowest  40  cents,  the  present  price. 


A  gentleman  in  Dayton,  Ohio,  who  ten 
years  ago  became  guardian  of  his  granddaughter 
and  took  charge  of  the  estate  of  ^20,000  left 
her  by  her  father,  has  just  surrendered  it,  in- 
creased to  $40,000,  upon  her  attaining  her  ma- 
jority. 


130 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[March  i,   1879. 


CORRESPONDENCE. 


We  admit,  unendorsed,  opinions  of  correspondents.  —Eds. 


Igneous  Meteors.— No.  2. 

[Written  for  the  Mining  and  Scientific  Press.] 


Arizona. 

Editors  Press:— Salt  River  valley,  whence  I 
write,  and  of  which  Pherrix  is  the  business  cen- 
ter, constitutes,  no  doubt,  the  finest  farming 
district  in  Arizona.  The  farmers  here  raise, 
with  the  help  of  irrigation,  excellent  crops,  and 
are  getting  rich,  as  they  find  close  at  hand  good 
markets  for  their  produce  at  remunerative  prices. 
They  are  therefore  all  right.  I  wish  I  could  say 
as  much  for  the  generality  of  miners  in  this  sec- 
tion of  the  Territory,  of  whom  there  are  here  a 
great  number  out  of  employment,  and  not  a  few 
hard  up  for  the  means  for  keeping  soul  and  body 
together.  The  newspapers,  by  their  constantly 
blowing  about  the  great  mineral  wealth  of  this 
Territory,  the  fine  openings  presented  f  br  miners, 
etc.,  have  caused  more  of  people  to  come  here 
than  can  find  employment  or  employ  themselves 
to  advantage.  The  result  is,  we  have  lots  of 
good,  industrious  men  willing  to  work  for  their 
board,  as  many  of  them  are  now  doing  in  this 
valley,  where  there  is,  of  course,  plenty  to  eat. 

Another  cause  of  haid  times  here  has  been 
the  failure  of  the  McCracken,  the  Signal,  and 
the  Golden  Store  mining  companies  up  in  the 
Hualapais  district,  which,  after  paying  off  their 
employees,  and  in  other  ways  pushing  into  cir- 
culation nearly  a  million  dollars  of  their  worth- 
less paper,  closed  down  and  left  the  holders  in 
the  lurch.  Notwithstanding  the  big  stories  told 
about  the  yield  of  the  mines  here,  the  Tiptop  is, 
I  believe,  the  only  company  that  pays  promptly; 
while  there  are  several  companies  here  that  are 
doing  remarkably  well,  a  much  larger  number 
are  doing  but  little,  the  great  majority  nothing 
at  all.  There  are  good  mines  all  over  this  Ter- 
ritory, but  they  have,  at  present,  to  be  worked 
under  so  many  disadvantages  that  it  is  hard  to 
make  them  pay.  When  more  mills  and  reduc- 
tion works  have  been  introduced  into  the  coun- 
try, and  the  railroad  reaches  the  mining  dis- 
tricts, the  mines  here  can  be  worked  with  profit. 
Until  then  mining  will  be  an  uphill  business, 
with  some  big  successes  and  a  great  many 
failures.  H.  It.  E. 

Phenix,  Arizona,  Feb.  12th,  1879. 


Letter  from  Colorado. 

Leadville  and  Vicinity. 
Editors  Press  : — This  State  is  just  now  at- 
tracting much  attention  on  all  hands.  As  a 
bullion  producer,  she  ranks  third  in  the  Union. 
The  rush  thither  is  by  far  the  greatest  seen  for 
the  past  seven  years,  due  in  great  measure  to 
the  wonderfully  productive  mines  at  Leadville. 
Some  §3,000,000  worth  of  gold  had  been 
washed  from  the  creek,  that  passes  through  the 
town,  before  the  silver  mines  were  discovered. 
The  silver  deposits  lie  mostly  between  lime  and 
porphyry,  although  gome  have  a  clay  or  gravel 
roof. 

Mt  Bross  and  Mt.  Lincoln  Mines,  in  Park 
County. 
The  Con.  Danville  mines,  on  north  spur  of 
Mt.  Lincoln,  are  producing  finely,  although 
most  of  the  work  being  done  here  is  prospecting, 
to  prove  up  what  they  have.  This  property 
comprises  about  45  acres  of  ground,  all  of  which 
has  been  proven  rich  by  drifts  run  in  on  the  ore. 
There  are  at  least  35  openings,  nearly  every  one 
of  which  has  exposed  to  view  good  mineral, 
varying  in  thickness  from  five  inches  to  seven 
feet.  The  ore  sells  here  from  $50  to  §500  per 
ton,  averages  about  $140  per  ton. 

The  actual  yield  of  this  property  for  the  past 
six  years,  and  -from  the  average  work  of  five 
men,  is  $141,50;).  A  short  time  ago  the  owner, 
to  test  how  much  money  he  could  take  out  in  a 
short  time,  put  five  men  on  his  best  looking 
ore,  and  extracted  in  70  days  $23,000,  receiving 
the  money  for  it. 

The  Russian  mine,  corners  with  the  Con. 
Danville,  works  from  15  to  30  men,  and  has 
produced  several  hundred  thousand  dollars.  It 
has  enough  ore  in  sight  to  keep  them  breaking 
for  five  or  six  months  to  come. 

The  Gertrude  has  been  idle  for  several  years, 
but  has  just  been  reopened  by  lease,  and  a  large 
body  of  gray  copper  ore,  rich  in  silver,  exposed, 
which  promises  to  produce  as  in  years  past. 

The  Moose,  on  Mt.  Bross,  I  am  informed 
yielded  in  December  more  freely  than  for  any 
month  of  the  past  year.  This  property  has  pro- 
duced several  millions  of  dollars  in  silver  ore 
since  its  discovery  in  1S70 — works  over  100  men. 
The  Dolly  Varden,  same  locality,  has  pro- 
duced largely.  It  was  in  poor  ore  for  some 
months  last  spring,  but  has  struck  it  rich  again, 
and  is  shipping  ore  regularly — works  about  25 
men. 

Several  other  mines  are  being  worked  on 
these  mountains,  but  those  mentioned  above  are 
the  largest  producers.  There  are  not  less  than 
50  good  mines  on  these  two  mountains.  The 
present  workings  of  these  mines  are  in  the 
devonian  and  carboniferous  formations, 
although,  it  is  now  proven  beyond  a  doubt  that 
in  the  lower  silurian  formation  there  are  fissure 
veins  that  have  produced  the  large  deposits  now 
being  worked.  Oxide. 

Alma,  Park  Co.,  Colorado,  Feb.  3d,  187?. 


Actual  Size  of  Igneous  Meteors. 
Of  course,  we  know  nothing  of  the  actual 
dimensions  or  masses,  of  such  igneous  meteors, 
as  do  not  reach  the  surface  of  the  earth.  The 
meteoric  stones  which  have  fallen  on  the  earth, 
vary  in  weight  from  a  few  ounces  to  several 
tons.  The  Swedish  Arctic  expedition  of  1870, 
brought  from  Greenland  several  specimens  of 
meteoric  iron,  the  largest  weighed  25  tons,  and 
next  in  weight,  10  tons.  There  is  an  aerolite  in 
the  British  Museum,  which  weighs  five  tons; 
one  in  the  St.  Petersburg  Museum,  weighing 
1,680  pounds,  which  was  found  in  Siberia  in 
1772  ;  and  one  in  the  New  Haven  Museum, 
weighing  1, 635  pounds,  which  fellin  Texas  in  1808. 
Some  of  the  largest  of  such  masses  are  composed 
of  nearly  pure  metallic  iron.  One  of  them,  the 
Ainsa  (Tucson)  meteoric  iron,  now  at  the 
Smithsonian  Institution,  weighs  about  1,600 
pounds;  and  another,  the  Carleton  (Tucson) 
meteoric  iron,  weighs  about  632  pounds,  and 
was  in  the  Mayor's  oflice  in  San  Francisco  a  few 
years  ago.  A  mass  of  meteoric  iron  was  found 
in  1872,  near  Shingle  Springs,  El  Dorado  county, 
California,  weighing  about  85  pounds. 
Origin  of  Igneoxis  Meteors. 
The  older  philosophers  framed  various  theo- 
ries to  explain  these  remarkable  phenomena, 
which  partook  more  or  less  of  the  progress  made 
in  the  various  branches  of  physical  science. 
About  the  midule  of  the  last  century,  when  the 
effects  and  phenomena  of  electricity  began  to  be 
better  understood,  Beccaria  and  Vassali,  among 
others,  regarded  the  shooting-stars  as  nothing 
more  than  electrical  sparks;  an  hypothesis  which 
was  soon  shown  to  be  untenable.  At  a  later 
period,  when  the  inflammable  nature  of  the 
gases  became  known,  Lavoisier,  Volta,  Herbert, 
Toaldo,  Gren,  and  others,  referred  these  me- 
teors to  hydrogen  gas,  which,  by  reason  of  its 
small  density,  they  supposed  must  be  accumu- 
lated in  the  higher  regions  of  the  atmosphere. 
Dalton's  discoveries  exploded  the  physical  basis 
of  this  theory.  Deluc  maintained  that  certain 
phosphoric  exhalations  generated  in  the  earth, 
and  becoming  inflamed  in  the  sky,  formed  the 
true  essence  of  the  shooting-stars. 

With  regard  to  aerolites,  it  was  at  one  time 
supposed  that  they  were  also  of  terrestrial 
origin.  Some  imagined  that  they  were  formed 
in  the  upper  strata  of  our  atmosphere  by  the 
condensation  of  the  vapors  of  solids  (which  were 
supposed  to  be  mixed  with  the  air),  as  hail- 
stones are  formed  by  condensation  and  congela- 
tion of  aqueous  vapors;  while  others  supposed 
them  to  be  masses  ejected  from  terrestrial  vol- 
canoes to  an  immense  bight  above  the  limits  of 
the  atmosphere,  and  again  descending  after 
having  described  several  revolutions  about 
the  earth.  But  none  of  the  crude  theories 
ascribing  a  terrestrial  origin  to  the  various 
kinds  of  igneous  meteors  were  able  to  withstand 
the  scrutiny  of  exact  observation  and  calcula- 
tion, and  were  successively  exploded  by  the 
progress  of  exact  knowledge. 

Lunar  Origin. 
Looking  to  extra-terrestrial  sources  for  the 
origin  of  these  meteors,  we  find  that  the  hy- 
pothesis of  the  lunar  origin  of  aerolites  was 
originally  proposed  as  early  as  1660,  by  an 
Italian  philosopher  named  Terzago,  and  repro- 
duced by  Olbers  in  1795,  although  subsequently 
abandoned  by  the  latter.  This  theory  was  sus- 
tained by  the  illustrious  Laplace,  and  also  by 
Berzelius  on  chemical  grounds.  The  idea  was 
that  such  masses  were  ejected  from  lunar  vol- 
canoes with  sufficient  velocity  to  pass  the  point 
of  equal  attraction  between  the  earth  and  moon 
(about  24,000  miles  from  the  center  of  the 
moon),  in  which  case  they  would  be  brought  to 
the  earth  by  terrestrial  gravity.  It  may  be  re- 
marked that  no  improbable  amount  of  mechan- 
ical force  would  be  required  to  project  a  mass 
from  the  lunar  surface  to  this-point.  Consider- 
ing the  small  intensity  of  lunar  gravity,  and  the 
absence  of  an  atmosphere  about  the  moon  ade- 
quate to  offer  sensible  resistance  to  the  motion 
of  a  solid  body,  the  force  required  is  only  that 
which  would  be  sufficient  to  overcome  the 
moon's  feeble  attraction.  Calculation  shows 
that  a  body  projected  from  the  lunar  surface 
with  a  velocity  of  about  7,335  feet  per  second 
would  not  fall  back  on  the  surface  of  the  moon, 
but  would  be  brought  under  the  influence  of 
terrestrial  attraction.  This  velocity  is  quite 
conceivable,  as  it  is  only  about  four  times  the 
initial  speed  of  a  cannon  ball.  The  strongest 
arguments  in  favor  of  the  lunar  origin  of  ierolites 
are  derived  from  the  remarkable  similarity  of 
chemical  constitution  of  the  stony  and  ferru- 
gineous  meteoric  masses  which  have  fallen  on 
the  surface  of  the  earth;  such  a  similarity  of 
composition  very  significantly  indicating  a  com- 
munity of  origin. 

Objections  to  the  Theory  of  Lunar  Origin. 
The  most  serious  objections  to  the  lunar 
origin  of  aerolites,  as  well  as  shooting-stars, 
arise  from  the  truly  planetary  velocity  of  these 
igneous  meteors.  All  the  best  and  most  trust- 
worthy observations  concur  in  establishing  the 
fact  that  all  classes  of  igneous  meteors  reach  the 
superior  portions  of  the  earth's  atmosphere  with 
velocities  frequently  exceeding  20  miles  per 
second.  Now,  as  it  is  impossible  for  the  action 
of  terrestrial  gravity  to  impart  anything  like  so 
high  a  velocity  to  a  falling  mass,  this  physical 
objection  seems  to  be  overwhelmingly  fatal  to 


the  theory  of  a  lunar  origin.  It  is  desirable  to 
place  the  force  of  this  objection  in  a  light  more 
intelligible  to  the  popular  mind.  The  funda- 
mental laws  of  dynamics  assure  us  that  the 
greatest  possible  velocity  which  a  body  could 
acquire  in  falling,  under  the  influence  of  ter- 
restrial attraction,  from  infinite  distance  to  the 
surface  of  the  earth,  is  about  6.9504  miles  per 
second.  The  same  principles  also  assure  us 
that  the  utmost  velocity  which  a  body  could 
acquire,  in  falling  from  the  point  of  equal  at- 
traction between  the  earth  and  moon  (about 
210,000  miles  above  the  earth's  surface)  to  the 
surface  of  the  earth,  is  about  6.8S58  miles  per 
second.  Hence  it  follows  that  any  meteoric 
matter  which  is  observed  to  enter  our  atmos- 
phere with  an  absolute  velocity  greater  than 
about  seven  miles  per  second,  could  not  have 
acquired  such  velocity  by  the  action  of  terres- 
trial attraction.  In  order  to  enter  our  atmos- 
phere with  a  velocity  of  20  miles  per  second, 
calculation  shows  that,  if  such  masses  came 
from  the  moon  they  must  have  been  projected 
from  the  lunar  surface  with  a  velocity  of  about 
120,000  feet  per  second;  which  may  be  regarded 
as  well  nigh  impossible. 

It  thus  appears  that  those  igneous  meteors 
which  have  the  planetary  velocity  of  fiom  15 
to  40  miles  per  second,  cannot,  with  any  prob- 
ability, be  regarded  as  having  their  origin  in 
the  moon.  "Whether  any  individual  bodies 
moving  with  smaller  velocities  may  have  e 
lunar  origin,  is  a  question  which  cannot  be  sat 
isfactorily  answered  in  the  existing  state  of 
physical  science.  "To  me,"  says  Olbers,  "it 
does  not  appear  at  all  probable;  and  I  regard 
the  moon,  in  its  present  circumstances,  as  an 
extremely  peaceable  neighbor,  which,  from  its 
want  of  water  and  atmosphere,  is  no  longer  capa- 
ble of  any  strong  explosions." 

Cosmical  Origin. 

The  immortal  Kepler  imagined  that  there 
were  more  comets  and  smaller  bodies  flying 
about  in  space  than  there  are  fishes  in  the 
ocean.  Halley,  Wallis,  Pringle,  Maskelyne 
and  others  assigned  a  cosmical  origin  to  igneous 
meteors,  but  without  suspecting  that  masses  of 
stone  and  iron  fell  from  them.  About  the  year 
1819,  Chladni  announced  that  all  classes  of 
igneous  meteors  were,  probably,  of  cosmical 
origin;  in  fact,  that  they  were  meteor-planets, 
of  all  imaginable  sizes,  revolving  about  our  sun 
in  elliptical  orbits,  and  which,  from  time  to 
time,  became  entangled  in  the  atmosphere  of 
the  earth.  The  planetary  and  even  cometary 
velocity  of  meteors  compelled  many  physical 
philosophers,  as  Olbers  and  Arago,  who  at  one 
period  favored  their  lunar  origin,  to  abandon 
the  moon-theory  for  the  more  probable  cosmical 
origin.  The  similarity  of  chemical  constitution 
in  serolites  is,  after  all,  not  so  formidable  an 
argument  in  support  of  a  lunar  origin;  for,  as 
Sears  C.  Walker  justly  observes,  "we  may  as 
well  suppose  a  uniformity  of  constituents  in 
cosmical  as  in  lunar  substances." 

Moreover,  the  periodical  star-showers,  as 
those  of  November  and  August,  and  the  prob- 
able connection  of  igneous  meteors  with  certain 
comets,  point,  in  a  significant  manner,  to  a  cos- 
mical origin.  In  fact,  there  is  now  every  prob- 
ability in  assuming  that,  independently  of  the 
planetary  masses,  there  exist  in  the  interplan- 
etary regions  myriads  of  small  bodies  which 
circulate  about  the  sun,  generally  in  groups  of 
zones;  and  that  some  of  ihese  zones  intersect 
the  orbit  of  the  earth,  and  are  consequently 
encountered  by  the  earth  in  its  annual  revolu- 
tion. 

Origin  of  Heat  and  Light. 

We  have  seen  that  igneous  meteors  enter  the 
upper  strata  of  our  atmosphere  with  velocities 
varying  from  5  to  30  or  even  40  miles  per  sec- 
ond. The  enormous  resistance  encountered  by 
such  bodies  in  traversing  the  air,  speedily  ex- 
tinguishes this  high  velocity,  so  that  they  re- 
tain but  a  comparatively  moderate  velocity  on 
reaching  the  surface  of  the  earth.  In  this 
enormous  resistance  and  consequent  loss  of 
energy  we  find  a  satisfactory  explanation  of  the 
thermic  and  luminous  phenomena  attending  the 
fall  of  meteors. 

The  "Dynamical  Theory  of  Heat"  assures  us 
that  the  energy  lost  by  the  moving  body  in 
traversing  the  atmosphere  is  transformed  into 
heat,  which  is  either  retained  by  the  body  or  is 
communicated  to  the  air.  The  amount  of  heat 
thus  generated  can  be  estimated  provided  the 
diminution  of  velocity  and  the  mass  of  the  mov- 
ing body  are  known.  If  we  assume  all  of  the 
heat  evolved  to  be  retained  by  the  moving 
body,  the  increase  of  temperature  can  be  com- 
puted, when  the  specific  heat  of  the  meteor  is 
known:  under  this  assumption,  the  increase  of 
temperature  would  be  independent  of  the  mass 
of  moving  body.  To  apply  these  principles  to 
the  case  of  meteors  traversing  the  atmosphere, 
let  us  assume — 


Velocity  on  entering  atmosphere. .  30  kilometers  per  sec, 

"        near  earth's  surface 500  meters  per  second. 

Specific  heat  of  meteor 0.22  (water  =.  1). 

With  these  data,  assuming  all  the  heat  gen- 
erated to  be  retained  by  the  moving  body,  cal- 
culation shows  that  the  increase  of  temperature 
of  the  body  would  be  nearly  500,000  degrees 
Centigrade  !  (For  details  of  this  calculation  see 
Nature,  for  May  23d,  1S72,  p.  72.)  Of  course, 
by  far  the  larger  portion  of  the  heat  generated 
by  the  loss  of  energy  of  the  moving  meteor 
would  be  imparted  to  the  air  along  its  trajec- 
tory; but  assuming  that  only  l-100th  part  of  it 
is  retained  by  the  meteoric  mass,  it  would  be 
more  than  sufficient  to  account  for  the  phe- 
nomena of  fusion,  detonation  and  brilliant  light 
which  frequently  accompany  the  transit  of  such 
bodies  through  our  atmosphere. 

In  the  case  of  small  masses  it-  is  clear  that 


their  high  velocities  would  be  more  rapidly  ex- 
tinguished by  the  resistance  of  the  air  than  in 
the  case  of  large  masses.  Hence,  in  the  small 
mass,  the  transformation  of  energy  into  heat 
being  accomplished  in  a  shorter  time,  a  greater 
amount  of  the  evolved  heat  would  be  retained 
by  the  moving  body,  than  in  the  large  mass 
whose  velocity  is  more  gradually  checked  by 
the  resisting  medium.  When,  therefore,  the 
smaller  masses  plunge  into  the  upper  atmos- 
phere, the  matter  may  be  volatilized  by  the  in- 
tensity of  the  suddenly-evolved  heat.  In  the 
minutely-divided  condition  in  which  the  ma- 
terial of  the  meteor  would  exist  after  the  con- 
densation of  the  vapors  thus  formed,  it  would 
float  about  in  the  atmosphere,  and  ultimately 
reach  the  surface  of  the  earth  in  the  form  of 
meteoric  dust.  The  existence  of  such  mechan- 
ically-suspended matters  in  our  atmosphere  has 
been  revealed  by  the  refined  methods  of  modern 
research. 

Thus  the  phenomena  of  the  occasional  fall  of 
meteoric  stones,  and  the  almost  incessant  ap- 
pearance of  the  shooting-stars  which  nightly 
furrow  the  celestial  vault,  may  be  correlated 
with  the  principle  of  transformation  of  energy; 
and  all  the  luminous,  thermic  and  detonating 
phenomena  attending  the  fall  of  such  bodies  in 
our  atmosphere,  seem  to  be  fully  accounted  for 
by  the  enormous  amount  of'heat  thus  generated 
by  their  passage  through  the  air.  According  to 
this  view,  the  shooting  stars  are  nothing  more 
than  small  meteoric  stones  which  are  volatil- 
ized and  utterly  dissipated  in  the  upper  regions 
of  the  atmosphere  long  before  reaching  the  sur- 
face of  the  earth;  only  the  larger  masses  evej 
come  down,  as  such,  to  terra  iirma. 

The  origin  of  the  luminous  train  seems  to  be 
due  to  the  intense  heat  developed  on  the  ante- 
rior surface  of  the  moving  mass,  melting  this 
portion  of  the  same,  and  the  fused  matter  being 
wiped  off  by  the  resisting  air,  streams  back, 
formiug  the  train  of  the  meteor. 

Numbers  of  Igneous  Meteors. 

It  has  been  estimated  that  the  number  of 
meteors  that  enter  our  atmosphere  per  day  can- 
not be  less  than  10,000,000.  "If  we  include 
those  smaller  meteors  which  are  seen  only  in 
the  telescope,  that  number  may  be  multiplied 
20  or  40  fold."  Those  who  were  fortunate 
enough  to  witness  the  famous  star-shower  of 
the  13th  of  November,  1S33,  can  well  appre- 
ciate the  vastness  of  numbers  which  entered 
our  atmosphere  in  the  course  of  a  single  minute 
hi  time.  A  single  glance  of  the  eye  to  the 
celestial  vault,  on  that  occasion,  revealed  thou- 
sands of  these  meteors  traversing  the  heavens 
in  various  quarters. 

Hence  it  is  evident  that  the  atmosphere 
which  envelops  our  planet  plays  an  important 
part  in  shielding  its  denizens  from  the  destruc- 
tive effects  of  these  extra-terrestrial  projectiles. 
But  for  the  action  of  the  air  in  arresting  and 
destroying  these  meteors,  we  should  be  intol- 
erably bombarded  with  them,  The  absence  of 
an  atmosphere  about  our  planetary  companion, 
the  moon,  must  render  her  liable  to  be  fearfully 
pelted  with  these  minute  celestial  visitors. 

The  Earth  and  Man 

The  earth  is  but  to  the  universe  as  a  grain  of 
sand  is  to  the  seashore,  yet  insignificant  as  it 
may  seem  in  such  a  comparison,  it  is,  neverthe- 
less, when  surveyed  by  finite  minds,  a  globe  of 
no  mean  proportions.  This  mundane  sphere 
contains  2,662  geographical  cubic  miles!  In 
the  mere  expression  of  figures  no  particular 
vastness  may  here  seem  to  be  implied,  but  let 
us  analyze  the  proportions  of  a  cubic  mile  and 
our  ideas  will  not  only  alter  in  this  respect,  but 
we  will  stand  aghast  at  the  magnitude  of  this 
globe,  whieh  revolves  with  such  awful  silence 
every  24  hours.  Imagine  a  chest  or  box  to  have 
the  length,  width  and  depth  of  but  one  of  these 
miles,  and  then  let  us  see  what  it  would  con- 
tain. 

To  begin,  cast  in  all  the  factories,  publ:c. 
buildings,  monuments,  private  dwellings,  rail- 
ways, nay,  everything  that  has  been  built 
by  man  in  America,  add  to  that  thtse  of  Asia, 
Africa  and  Australia,  and  the  work  is  but  begun. 
Take  up  the  churches,  towers  and  all  other 
structures  in  London,  Paris,  Berlin,  Hamburg, 
St.  Petersburg,  Constantinople — in  short,  those 
of  every  city  and  town  in  Europe,  Add  to  that 
all  the  Bteamerd  and  vessels  on  the  ocean. 
What  is  the  result?  Our  trunk  is  scarce  half 
fcU! 

Let  us  now  avail  ourselves  of  the  human  race. 
Pack  them  like  herring  in  rows,  and  put  12,000 
in  a  row— 4,000  "f  these  rows  make  one  stra- 
tum of  48,000,000— just  room  enough  for  the 
Americans.  Between  each  layer  (to  make  a 
neat  job)  let  us  sprinkle  straw  and  dry  leaves 
30  feet  between  each  layer  (which  would  require 
all  there  is  in  the  world),  and  then  pack  in  the 
3,000,000  of  Australians  and  45,000,000  Asia- 
tics, and  this  will  complete  the  second  stratum 
— and  thus  continue  until  you  have  the  remain- 
ing b'0O,OCO,O0O  Asiatics,  and  the  remainder  of 
population,  making  in  all  1,400,000,000  in 
about  30  strata.  Now  the  chest  is  about  half 
full,  and  it  would  require  about  15  times  the 
number  of  men  to  fill  the  remaining  space. 
What  shall  we  do  to  complete  the  work? 
Happy  thought.  Let  us  take  the  animals ! 
But,  oh  cruel  disappointment !  even  if  we 
include  the  whole  living  creation,  our  chest  will 
by  no  means  be  filled.  And  all  this  is  but  one 
geographical  cubic  mile,  of  which  the  earth  con- 
tains 2,662. — Exchange. 


March  I,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


131 


£S? 


ECHANICAL 


ROGRESS. 


Room  for  Invention. 

We  frequently  hear  the  remark  that  the  time 
will  bood  come  when  the  course  of  inventioD 
will  be  run;  when,  like  Alexander,  inventive 
genius  will  weep,  because  there  are  no  more 
worlds  U>  conquer.  The  fact  that  iron  fingers 
have  in  so  many  branches  of  industry  been 
made  to  perform  tasks  once  done  by  bone  and 
linew;  that  electric  throbbing  have  Outstripped 
the  Meet  messenger  in  business  affairs,  and  the 
iron  horse  with  food  of  burning  coals  carries 
the  love-letter  and  the  meal-sack,  where  once 
the  out-fed  country  steed  galloped  along  the 
bard-beaten  road.  These  facts  are  impressive 
and  suggestive,  but  not  convincing  on  the  sub- 
ject of  an  ultimate  limit  to  inventive  usefulness 
or  inventive  power.  The  ball  of  progress  in 
rolling  along  lias  wrapped  about  it  many  a  layer 
of  ideas  formed  into  tangible  facts;  but  the  per- 
iphery grows,  and  the  capacity  for  enlargement 
grows  with  it.  As  the  circle  of  knowledge 
widens,  the  illimitable  space  beyond  still  more 
increases,  and  there  is  both  more  to  learn  and 
greater  ability  to  learn  it.  If  the  needa  of 
man  were  the  sole  gauge  of  his  demands,  there 
might  well  be  a  point  at  which  invention,  satis- 
tied  with  granting  all  needful  things,  would  be 
compelled  to  rest.  But  "to  want"  means  both 
"to  lack"  and  "to  desire;"  the  food  and  shelter 
and  clothing  absolutely  requisite  develop  into 
luxuries  of  palate  and  (esthetic  taste.  The  rude 
needle  of  bone  that  sewed  with  sinew  the  boar- 
skin  cloak  and  made  of  it  a  detiuite  garment, 
was  an  invention  that  might  have  sufficed  in  its 
line,  bad  the  skin-garmentsatisfied;  butdemand 
and  supply  are  commensurately  progressive; 
each  surpasses  each,  onward  in  the  march  of 
progress;  and  now  we  have  that  household  com- 
panion, the  sewing  machine,  purring  like  a  kit- 
ten, while  basting,  sewing,  hemming,  gather- 
ing, tidily  at  high  speed;  this  modern  sewing 
machine  being  as  legitimately  the  development 
of  the  bone  needle,  as  the  fashionable  garment 
of  today  is  the  outgrowth  of  the  Hg  leaf  of  Eve 
and  the  skin  covering  of  her  son. 

Our  wants  have  become  artificial.  With  suc- 
cessive generations,  luxuries  develop  into  cus- 
tomary grants  and  eventually  become  necessities. 
Our  condition  is  ameliorated,  and  hence  our 
appreciation  sharpened,  while  certain  faculties 
have  become  dulled  ami  invention  must  supply 
their  places  or  their  deficiencies.  Where  inven- 
tion has  produced  an  effect,  it  is  for  invention 
to  extend  and  perfect  it.  Thus,  in  every  walk 
of  life  it  is  for  cunning  brain  aud  deft  fingers  to 
effect  new  combinations  or  perfect  the  old,  fear- 
less of  thwart  or  limit.  In  proof  that  with  im- 
provement criticism  becomes  more  keen,  and 
demands  more  imperative,  we  have  only  to  look 
about  us  for  promising  fields  to  engage  the  in- 
ventor. While  the  harvest  of  golden  grain  no 
longer  falls  before  the  classic  sickle,  and  the 
hay  maker  has  ceased  to  be  a  picturesque  inspir- 
ation for  the  poet — the  root-crops  still  demand 
personal  delving  and  grubbing,  and  the  ripened 
fruits  still  call  for  human  pickers  to  pluck  them 
one  by  one.  For  the  inventors  who  would  de- 
vise a  mode  removing  half  the  blossoms  from  a 
peach  tree,  without  injuring  the  buds  which 
form  the  next  year's  bearing  stems,  there  awaits 
a  magnificent  prize,  llamie  and  other  fibers  still 
defy  the  textile  art ;  and  the  gorgeous  aniline 
dyes  fade  with  a  summer's  suu4  Household 
tires,  once  synonyms  of  health  and  cheerfulness, 
are  now  gloomy  and  noxious  monuments  of  our 
heedlessness  of  things  sanitary.  Those  do- 
mestic conveniences  that  should  minister  to  our 
comfort  and  well-being,  poison  us  insidiously 
but  surely.  Our  vaunted  gaslights  blacken  our 
paint  and  kill  our  window  plants,  while  in  the 
street,  the  pipes  which  lead  the  gas  destroy  our 
shade  trees.  Our  sewers  and  our  drains  are 
confounded  in  name  and  in  use,  and  both  of 
them  are  poisonous.  Our  chimneys  breathe 
forth  smoke  which  is  unconsumed  fuel,  and 
hence  wasteful.  Our  steam-boilers,  with  partly 
consumed  fuel,  supply  our  engines  with  wet 
steam,  and  the  engines  (whose  cylinders  have  to 
be  supplied  with  oil,  through  faulty  design  and 
workmanship)  waste  part  of  the  remainder. 
Our  horses,  shod  with  no  regard  to  humanity  or 
for  tractive  effect,  draw  wagons  or  cars  which 
rattle  our  teeth  out,  on  roads  or  rails  which 
rattle  the  vehicle  to  pieces.  The  explosives 
which  long  ago  were  constrained  to  throw  hurt- 
ful missiles,  have  but  in  one  instance — blasting — 
been  employed  in  peaceful  work  ;  if  we  may 
except  the  gunpowder  pile  driver,  the  precursor 
of  a  loug  line  of  explosive  motors  yet  to  come. 

For  these  and  hundreds  of  other  evils,  inven- 
tive genius  must  provide  the  remedy;  and  as 
new  and  artificial  wants  arise  and  develop  into 
necessities,  upon  the  inventor,  ever  in  the  van- 
guard, devolves  the  duty  of  exploring  the  land 
of  the  possible  and  providing  for  the  legions  of 
the  actual. 

It  might  be  said  that  as  science  falls  into  the 
ranks  of  knowledge,  and  art  after  art  is  added 
to  the  forces  of  man,  the  field  of  true  invention 
would  narrow,  and  that  of  improvement,  combi- 
nation and  application  correspondingly  widen. 
And  this  distinction  may  not  perhaps  be  im- 
proper to  draw,  nor  inappropriate  to  apply. 
Certain  it  is,  that  as  observation  and  experience 
lay  down  the  facts,  and  reason  deduces  there- 
from the  theories  and  evolves  from  these  again 
the  laws  which  govern  things  tangible  and 
forces  intangible,  the  plane  of  the  inventer  will 
rise  higher  and  higher,  and  his  usefulness  will 
never  diminish.     It  is  to  him  that  races  unborn, 


nations  unformed,  countries  unexplored,  look 
to  for  their  betterment  and  the  achievement 
of  their -substantial  welfare.  Through  him  the 
antagonism  between  man  aud  man— the  foul 
distinctions  of  caste  and  class — will  bo  swept 
away;  and  better  metv  under  better  lives  aud 
higher  pleasures  and  comforts,  achieve  the 
destiny  written  for  them  in  the  days  when  the 
rocky  ribs  of  this  earth  were  formed. — Poly- 
technic /.'•  <■•■  to, 

A  Planing  Machine  for  Granite. 

The  Huston  A'ln  rfisrr  for  January  2d,  con- 
tains, under  the  head  of  "(iranite  I'laned  Like 
Wood,"  an  article  on  a  new  machine  for  planing 
stone  rapidly,  built  on  the  principle  of  the  wood* 
planiug  machine.  The  article  begins  by  saying 
that  when  swiftly  revolving  knives  were  first 
made  to  do  the  work  of  horizontal  planes  upon 
plank  and  board,  great  wonder  was  expressed, 
and  the  planing  machine  canie  at  once  to  bo  the 
talk  of  town  aud  country.  We  have  all  become 
used  to  that  and  see  no  impracticability  in  the 
UBe  of  steel  vs.  wood  in  the  rapid  displacement 
of  the  rough  surface  of  the  latter. 

Next  in  order  one  might  reasonably  expect 
that  some  ingenious  man  would  devise  a  method 
for  the  cutting  of  soft  stone,  such  as  freestone, 
sandstone,  and  the  like,  but  that  chisels  or  tools 
of  auy  sort  that  could  he  made,  would,  when 
driven,  dull  quickly,  and  render  the  operation 
practically  of  little  value.  Such  a  plan  for  the 
cutting  of  marble  could  not  be  entertained,  for 
the  hard  material  must  bo  removed  by  well 
directed  strokes  from  a  powerful  arm.  The 
inventor  of  the  above  mentioned  machine  has 
now  shown  what  may  be  accomplished.  Dis- 
daining, as  it  were,  to  meddle  with  softer 
substances,  he  selects  for  the  test  of  his  inven- 
tion the  hardest  of  all— granite,  and  the  hardest 
granite  at  that — Hollo  well.  Easily  and  simply 
as  the  surface  is  removed  from  a  pine  board  and 
caused  to  fly  off  in  chips,  the  tlinty  roughness  is 
made  to  leave  the  face  of  the  great  block,  and 
only  a  tine  powder  remains  to  prove  that  a 
strange  work  has  been  done  by  the  ingenious 
application  of  steel.  "If  there  could  be  made  a 
tool  that  would  not  require  constant  watching 
and  very  frequent  sharpening,  you  might  plane 
granite,"  said  a  practical  granite  cutter.  The 
inventor  showed  him  that  for  45  minutes  his 
machine  could  run  continuously  and  the  tools  be 
uninjured,  and  he  was  not  a  little  surprised  to 
note  the  amount  of  work  done  by  the  machine 
in  that  short  space  of  time.  The  tools  can  be 
changed  in  a  few  minutes,  and  the  whole 
machine  at  once  put  into  operation. 

Compression  by  Steam  in  Casting. — In 
some  recent  French  experiments  it  was  noticed 
that  when  a  lid  of  cast  iron  was  placed  upon  a 
mold  after  casting,  the  ingot  produced  generally 
showed  a  zone  of  blow-boles  near  the  surface 
and  on  all  sides,  while  within  it  the  block  was 
entirely  sound.  Whenever  the  mold  was  not 
covered  the  entire  mass  contained  blow-holes. 
This,  it  was  urged,  was  due  to  the  pressure  of 
the  gases,  and  consequently  experiments  were 
made  by  Bouniard  with  more  than  100  tons  of 
steel,  which  proved  that  a  pressure  of  C  to  10 
atmospheres  acting  upon  the  interior  of  the  ingot 
would  make  the  metal  solid.  The  mold  is 
covered  with  a  lid  in  which  there  is  a  central 
casting  opening.  It  has  a  pipe  through  which 
steam  may  be  introduced.  The  steel  is  cast 
through  the  central  orifice,  which  is  closed,  and 
then  steam  is  admitted.  A  copper  wire  is  used 
for  packing  the  lid.  The  work  must  be  rapidly 
done  and  the  mold  be  previously  heated.  In 
order  to  make  the  action  of  the  pressure  affect 
the  interior  of  the  ingot  the  chilling  of  the  sur- 
face must  be  prevented,  which  is  done  by  heat- 
ing, before  casting,  the  fire-brick  liuing  of  the 
inner  surface  of  the  lid.  The  ingot  thus  cast 
shows  a  depression  on  its  upper  surface.  It  was 
found  that  in  using  steel  for  cannons  the  number 
of  compressed  ingots  rejected  was  only  one-third 
of  the  number  of  ordinary  cast  ingots.  Experi- 
ments made  to  apply  the  same  principle  to  steel 
castings  showed  that  although  the  application 
wn-s  more  difficult,  the  result  was  the  same. 


A  new  system  of  exhaust  valves  for  steam 
engines  has  recently  been  introduced  in  Ger- 
many, which  has  been  pronounced  by  Dinghr'a 
Poly.  Journal  to  embody  an  idea  which  may 
prove  of  great  consequence.  The  admission 
valves  alone  are  actuated  from  without  by  flat 
slide  valves,  moved  by  geared  segments,  while 
the  exhaust  is  effected  by  two  valves  placed  at 
the  two  cylinder  covers,  which  are  so  connected 
with  a  double-armed  lever  placed  in  the  ex- 
haust passage,  that  when  the  one  valve  is  closed 
the  other  is  opened.  If,  therefore,  one  exhaust 
valve  is  closed  by  the  steam  pressure,  the  other 
is  opened  to  the  exhaust  steam,  until  the  steam 
enters  on  the  other  side  of  the  piston,  which 
causes  the  latter  valve  to  close  immediately, 
while  the  other  is  opened  full. 

Great  efficiency  in  steam  engines  is,  ac- 
cording to  Mr.  "Walt,  an  eminent  Liverpool 
engineer,  to  be  obtained  by  an  increase  of  pres- 
sure and  expansion.  To  accomplish  this  the 
point  lies  not  so  much  with  the  engine  as  with 
the  boiler,  engineers  finding  no  difficulty  in 
working  an  engine  with  steam  at  150  or  200 
pounds  per  square  inch;  and  at  present  he 
thinks  there  is  no  practical  limit  to  the  working 
pressure.  Some  engineers  will  be  inclined  to 
differ  with  this  opinion,  for  the  management  of 
steam  used  expansively  in  simple  reciprocating 
engines  at  ranges  of  pressure  much  exceeding 
those  named,  to  secure  the  theoretical  economy 
due  to  full  expansion,  would  certainly  he  at- 
tended   with    difficulties. 


Instantaneous  Photography. 

The  remarkable  success  attained  by  Mr. 
Kdward  J,  Muybridgc,  of  this  city,  in  the  pro- 
duction of  accurate  pictures  of  horses  in  rapid 
motion,  has  stimulated  other  persons  in  a  simi- 
lar direction.  The  process  has  recently  been 
applied  by  Gen,  Abbott,  of  the  United  States 
ring  Coips,  for  recording  the  effects  of 
the  most  sudden  and  violent  explosions  by  gun- 
powder and  dynamite.  The  General  has  shown 
that  however  instantaneous  an  explosion  ap- 
pears to  take  place,  it  occupies,  notwithstand- 
ing, a  measurable  amount  of  time,  which  can  be 
readily  measured  and  the  accompanying  effects 
accurately  recorded  by  this  new  application  of 
tho  camera. 

Among  other  experiments,  Gen.  Abbott  em- 
ployed that  instrument  to  make  a  series  of  pic- 
tures of  the  different  stages  of  the  explosions  of 
submarine  torpedoes.  In  order  to  accomplish 
this,  according  to  the  Manufacturer  and  BuucUt, 
and  in  order  to  make  six  pictures,  he  had  a  key- 
board constructed  like  that  of  a  piano,  con- 
sisting of  seven  keys.  The  pressure  of  each  of 
the  keys  closed  a  circuit;  that  of  the  first  key 
went  to  the  torpedo  and  exploded  it;  the  re- 
maining six  keys  were  each  connected  with  a 
fuse,  which  sustained  by  a  thread  the  screens 
of  six  cameras,  prepared  to  take  pictures  of  the 
explosion.  Any  of  these  keys,  when  touched, 
ignited  the  fuse,  which  disrupted  the  thread 
and  dropped  the  screen;  in  the  latter  was  a  hole, 
passing  before  the  objective  of  the  camera,  giv- 
ing, during  that  passage,  an  exposure  of  which 
tho  time  was  estimated  to  be  at  most  the  one- 
twentieth  of  a  second.  If,  now,  the  keys  of 
this  key -board  were  rapidly  played,  all  the 
seven  keys  could  be  touched  in  succession,  in 
any  previously  determined  velocity,  always 
giving  first  the  explosion  itself,  aud  then  the 
exposure  of  its  effects  in  the  cameras  in  succes- 
sive periods  of  tenths  of  seconds,  or  more  or 
less,  as  desired. 

The  first  experiment  was  with  the  explosion 
of  500  pounds  of  dynamite,  estimated  equal  to 
5,000  pounds  of  gunpowder,  and  the  pictures 
taken  at  intervals  of  one-tenth  of  a  second,  so 
that  all  the  successive  pictures  were  taken  in 
not  much  more  than  half  a  second.  This  is  not 
even  a  very  rapid  succession,  as  almost  any 
pianist  can  easily  play  twice  as  many  successive 
keys  in  that  time.  The  result  was  au  explosion 
in  the  pictures  of  all  the  successive  results, 
analyzed  and  in  order.  Among  other  curious 
effects,  the  photographs  showed  that  a  plane 
horizontal  force  was  developed  by  the  explosion. 

Other  experiments  showed  that  depth  was  an 
important  factor.  The  torpedoes  were  exploded 
near  together,  one  three  and  the  other  six  feet 
deep;  the  first  throw  up  a  column  of  water  twice 
as  high  as  the  latter.  To  ascertain  how  a  tor- 
pedo affected  a  hull,  or  broke  up  a  ship,  two 
charges  of  50  pounds  each  were  placed  three 
feet  under  the  bottom  of  a  hull.  The  eye  saw 
nothing  but  a  confused  outburst  of  water,  by 
reason  of  the  persistence  of  images  on  the  retina; 
but  the  photographic  camera  was  very  much 
quicker  than  the  eye,  as  proved  by  the  series  of 
photographs,  which  showed  the  whole  manner 
in  which  the  hull  yielded  to  the  shock,  the 
shape  and  position  of  the  different  fragments 
while  flying  up  in  the  air  aud  coming  down 
again.  All  this  was  distinctly  pictured  in  the 
series  of  photographs;  still,  from  the  time  the 
torpedo  was  fired  until  the  pieces  had  come 
down,  only  about  two  seconds  elapsed,  while  in 
four  and  one-half  seconds  the  water  where  the 
vessel  floated  was  quiet  again. 


The  Size  and  Figure  of  the  Earth. — Prof. 
Listing  gives  in  the  Astro nomische  NachricJUen 
the  following  results  of  his  determination  »f 
the  constants  of  the  earth's  figure:  Equatorial 
radius,  6,377,377  meters;  polar  radius,  0,355,270 
meters;  mean  radius,  6,377,000  meters;  equa- 
torial quadrant,  10,017,560  meters;  meridian 
quadrant,  10,000,205  meters;  eccentricity  of 
meridian  section,  288,480;  length  of  second's 
pendulum  at  equator,  45",  and  pole,  990.9948, 
993.5721  and  996. 1495  millimeters,  respectively; 
force  of  gravity  at  equuator,  45°,  and  pole, 
9.780728,  9.806165  and  9.831603  meters,  re- 
spectively; also  in  general  the  length  of  the 
second's  pendulum  equals  {in  millimeters)  990.- 
9948  plus  5.1547  times  the  square  of  the  sine  of 
the  latitude;  and  the  force  of  gravity  equals 
(in  meters)  9.78072S  plus  0.050875  times  the 
square  of  the  sine  of  the  latitude. 


New  Electrotype  Process. — A  new  and  in- 
genious process  has  lately  been  introduced  into 
France,  for  electrotyping  on  non-conducting 
materials,  such  as  china,  porcelain,  etc.  Sul- 
phur is  dissolved  in  oil  of  lavender  spike  to 
a  sirupy  consistence;  then  chloride  of  gold  or 
chloride  of  platinum  is  dissolved  in  sulphuric 
ether,  and  the  two  solutions  mixed  under  a 
gentle  heat.  The  compound  is  next  evaporated 
until  of  the  thickness  of  ordinary  paint,  in 
which  condition  it  is  applied  with  a  brush  to 
such  portions  of  the  china,  glass  or  other  fab- 
ric as  it  is  desired  to  cover,  according  to  the  de- 
sign or  pattern,  with  the  electro-metallic  deposit. 
The  objects  are  baked  in  the  usual  way  before 
they  are  immersed  in  the  bath. 


Spontaneous  Combustion  by  Zinc. 

Dr.  Hoffman  has  called  attention  to  Bome 
curious  cases  of  spontaneous  ignition  of  hydro- 
gen in  air.  The  phenomenon  has  been  noticed 
in  factories  where  quantities  of  zinc  were  being 
dissolved  in  hydrochloride  acid  for  the  prepara- 
tion of  zinc  chloride.  Violent  explosions  took 
place  when  no  flame  was  near;  and  it  was 
eventually  ascertained  that  the  gas  took  lire 
spontaneously.  It  appears  to  be  caused  by  frag- 
ments of  very  porous  zinc,  which,  when  lifted 
above  the  surface  of  the  liquid  during  the  violent 
evolution  of  the  gas,  and  so  brought  in  contact 
with  hydrogen  and  air,  act  just  as  spongy  plati- 
num would  do  under  the  circumstances.  The 
author  recommends  the  performance  of  such 
operations  in  the  open  air.  The  ignition  can  be 
shown  by  treating  a  few  kilogrammes  of  finely 
divided  zinc  with  acid.  The  "zinc  dust"  may 
even  ignite  by  contact  with  water. 

A  recent  issue  of  tho  Insurance  Record  calls 
attention  to  the  dangerous  character  of  zinc 
dust,  which  appears  to  be  imported  into  this 
country  in  considerable  quantities  for  use  in 
certain  branches  of  industry. 

The  material  presents  the  appearance  of  a 
gray  powder,  in  an  extremely  fine  state  of  divi- 
sion, in  which  condition  it  is  largely  used  in  the 
manufacture  of  paints.  Chemically,  it  contains 
as  much  as  40%  of  metallic  zinc  dust,  the 
remainder  being  oxide  and  carbonate.  Another 
variety  of  the  same  commodity,  known  com- 
mercially as  slate-colored  zinc  oxide,  contains 
really  very  little  or  no  oxide  at  all,  being  almost 
wholly  a  metallic  dust,  which,  in  the  process  of 
manufacturing  zinc-white,  has  escaped  combus- 
tion, and  is  deposited  in  the  flues  of  the  condens- 
ing apparatus.  These  products,  the  Insurance 
Record  points  out,  are  extremely  apt  to  origi- 
nate mysterious  fires,  if  precautions  are  not 
taken  to  keep  them  from  contact  with  moisture; 
for,  owing  to  its  very  fine  state  of  divi- 
sion, this  metallic  dust,  in  the  presence  of 
water  moisture,  will  eagerly  oxidize,  and  as  this 
oxidation  will  be  attended  with  a  very  consider- 
able rise  in  temperature,  the  hydrogen  gas 
evolved  in  the  process  may  be  inflamed,  and, 
directly  or  indirectly,  inflammable  materials  in 
the  neighborhood  may  be  ignited,  and  in  this 
way  the  building  or  ship  in  which  it  happens  to 
be  stored  may  be  destroyed,  while  the  cause  of 
the  disaster  may  never  be  suspected.  The 
Record  points  its  moral  by  citing  the  case  of 
the  fire  in  the  steamship  Lord  Clyde,  in  the 
year  1876,  and  which  at  the  time  attracted 
some  attention.  The  facts  in  this  case  were 
about  as  follows  :  A  number  of  casks  of  zinc 
dust  were  placed  iu  the  hold  of  the  vessel, 
without  any  notice  of  the  dangerous  character 
of  the  material  having  been  given  to  the  owners 
of  the  ship.  The  casks,  or  some  of  them,  by 
some  meaus  got  wet,  and  within  12  hours  after 
they  had  been  put  on  board,  the  vessel  was 
found  to  be  on  tire.  When  the  source  of  the 
fire  was  discovered,  the  contents  of  one  of  the 
casks  were  found  to  be  red-hot.  As  another 
contribution  to  the  causation  of  what,  for  want 
of  a  better  term,  are  called  "spontaneous"  fires, 
the  facts  above  detailed  are  worthy  of  special 
attention. 

Solidified  Hydrogen  or  Hydrium. 

The  success  which  has  been  obtained  in  lique- 
fying the  gases  thus  far  supposed  to  be  perma- 
nent, it  appears  certain  that  not  only  liquefac- 
tion but  also  solidification  has  been  achieved. 

Pictet,  in  a  very  recent  experiment  with  hy- 
drogen compressed  at  650  atmospheres,  found, 
on  opening  the  stop-cock,  that  the  gas  issued 
with  a  uoise  like  that  of  a  hot  iron  bar  under 
water,  and  it  had  a  steel-blue  color.  The  jet 
suddenly  became  intermittent,  and  then  there 
followed  a  sort  of  hail  of  the  solid  particles  of 
hydrogen,  which  fell  with  violence  on  the 
ground  aud  produced  a  crackling  noise.  After- 
ward the  stop-cock  was  closed,  and  there  was 
evidence  that  a  crystallization  of  hydrogen  took 
place  within  the  tube;  but  when  the  tempera- 
ture was  agaiu  raised,  the  gas  issued  as  a  liquid. 

M.  Dumas,  the  President  of  the  French  Acad- 
emy of  Sciences,  accepts  these  facts  as  full  of 
confirmation  of  the  theory,  long  ago  advanced, 
that  hydrogen  is  a  gaseous  metal.  As  water  is 
an  oxide  of  hydrogen,  it  follows  from  this  that 
when  a  person  drinks  a  glass  of  water,  he  im- 
bibes a  metallic  oxide.  Nature,  in  mentioning 
these  performances,  coupled  with  them  another, 
which  it  regards  as  yet  more  remarkable  from  a 
scientific  point  of  view.  M.  Pictet  has  been 
able  te  measure,  with  a  very  close  approach  to 
accuracy,  the  volume  occupied  by  a  given 
weight  of  oxygen  in  the  liquid  state;  this  was 
found  to  agree  with  the  volume  calculated  for 
the  solid  or  liquid  gas,  on  theoretic  considera- 
tions, by  M.  Dumas.  By  means  of  two  Nicol 
prisms,  M.  Pictet  observed  the  jet  of  liquid  oxy- 
gen in  polarized  light,  and  found  strong  evidence 
of  the  presence  of  solid  particles. 

As  in  the  chemical  nomenclature  the  final 
ending  "am"  has  been  adopted  for  all  metals,  it 
is  proper  to  call  this  metallic  hydrogen,  "Hy- 
drium,'' a  name  which  has  already  been  used 
by  the  latest  authors  of  German  text-books  of 
chemistry,  even  before  hydrogen  had  been  lique- 
fied or  solidified. 


Behm  &  Wagner's  tables  have  lately  been 
published,  and  show  a  total  increase  in  the 
population  of  the  earth  of  15,000,000,  partly 
arising  from  natural  growth  and  partly  from  the 
showings  of  new  and  more  exact  censuses. 


132 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[March  i,   1879. 


Table  of  Highest  and  Lowest  Sales  in 
S.  F.  Stock  Exchange. 


Name  of 
Company. 

Week 

Ending 
Feb.   6. 

Week  1    Week 
Enfliud  Ending 
Feb.  IS.  Feb.  30. 

Week 
Ending 
Feb.  27. 

18J      15 
8i       73 
50c    ... 

65c     60( 

21       19     21       15S 
81       78!    71       7 
80c     50c  50c     65c 

70c     55c!  65c     60c 

21        18! 

6!        51 

60c      50c 
1        90c 



1      .... 

81       71 

lis        li 
6i        5S 

il     i 

81       61 

1}        1 

71        61 

80c      70ci  50c      45c   55c      50c 

50c      40c 

■2i\      21* 
8*       7i 
75c    .... 

8         7% 
5g       5 
15        14J 

75c      60c 
55c      50c 
40c     20c 

2.95       2* 
9g       7g 

4.30    2.95 
49       46} 

"26'   'ii! 

1.20    1.05 

3  11 

10c    .... 

■30c      20c 
29       27 
6J       Si 
15c     10c 

4i       4j 

26       24 
9         81 
80c      50c 
20o     .... 

f   8 

18        16 

65c     60c 
450      25c 
45c      40c 
31        3 
8         73 
5}        4 
49|     48 

'23'    'ijj 

1.35    1.20 
8         71 
6!       5| 

50c    .... 
15c      10c 

40c      30c 
303     23j 
7}       6: 
25c      10c 

6  4.60 

5c    .... 

51    .... 
45c     25c 
15}      141 
21?      181 

2f       21 
1.40       1} 

i5c      10c 

1.80       11 

41       41 

51       4 

7  61 

8  61 

25c     10c 

2  1.20 
21    1.80 

90c     85c 
75c     50c 
80c     50c 

31       3 
65       51 
60c    .... 

40!      371 

3  21 
111       81 

1.10      85c 
81       73 

20c    .... 

42       341 
50c     40c 
12       11J 

35c      25c 

8         6 

60c    .... 

17       151 
241      23 
49        401 
2.90        2! 
19      ... 

2}    1.95 
13    1.60 
70c     65c 
25c    .... 

95c     75c 
50c    .... 

1.78       U 

251      24 

83      7! 
70c      55c 
30c    .... 
71       2j 
53       5 
18       161 

i.05      65c 
1.40     80c 

45c      55c 

3.10    2.90 

7i       7$ 

3.95        3 

491     48 

ifi    'l5J 

1.35    1.05 
7!       71 
61       6 

50c    .... 
10c    .... 

35c     30c 
30       293 
7         6 
20       15 

5J       5 
5c    .... 

13         51 

50o      45c 
143      131 
188      17 
21        2 
11        1 

15c      10c 
2      1.80 
4.20    3.90 
51        51 
71       6 

61       53 
20c      15c 

1.90       11 
1.90    1*60 
1       90c 
65c     55c 
80c      75c 

24        241 

7!      6! 

75c      50c 

30c     .... 

73        63 

5      4.4C 

20        18 

1.40      S5c 
60c      40c 

50c      40c 

2"    2.55 
U        5j 

3.70       3 

Comanche 

©on  Virginia 

49       46 

iel   'ii' 

1.30    1.15 

3        II 

■10c    .... 

i6c   '.'.'.'. 

30c    .... 

29       271 

71       51 
15c       5c 

5     4.60 

5i       5| 
35c      30c 
141      12J 
19       15J 

21        2 
1.85        lj 

15c     10c 

1.65       11 

4.05        3) 

4      3.80 

7}       7 

7i       5i 
25c     20c 

1.30     70c 

2  11 
85c     15c 
75o     60c 
60c    .... 

50c    .... 

3.60       31 
51       5 
60c     45c 

371      36 

3  .... 
9J       7 

1.10     70c 

8          5} 

35c      20c 

341      331 
50c      35c 
10!      101 
10c        5c 

40c      30c 

6         61 
75c    .... 

11      90c 
15|      13J 

48        46 
21    1.90 
10      .... 

1}    1.05 
2          lj 
[.80        11 
70c     60c 
25c     .... 

65c     50c 
55c      50c 

2       .... 

U        U 

10         9 
50c    .... 

Gould  &  Curry 

Hale  &  Norcross 

133      111 
171      153 
2.65    2.40 

80c     60c 
30c      25c 

1.80       IS 
53       51 

5S        4 

71        7 

5!      43 

1.95        IS 

3         21 

5      .... 
85c     40c 

403      381 

iil  "9' 

85c     60c 
10         9 

25c     20c 

42       391 

5c     

12       11 

30c      25c 

65       61 
65c    .... 

15j      14 

25       24 

49        461 

!.70    2.40 

91        91 

I  65c 
.65    2.15 
.60    1.40 
60c      55c 
30c     .... 

75c     .... 

1.70    1.40 

II  90c 
35c      25c 
68        61 
18        16 

1.40    1.20 
20c      15c 

10c        5c 

Martin  White 

6          5j 

47}      391 

'iij   '16' 

65c     45c 
10          8 

20c     15c 

431     40 
20c     15c 
103  •    9} 

50c     40c 

6}       5 
1      .... 

133      13 
27      .... 
57       473 

21       2 
10          91 
10c    .... 
60c     45c 

31    2.30 
1.70        1! 
60o      555 
30c    .... 

75c      70c 
50c    .... 

13        1} 
1       90c 
30c      25c 
90       671 
20       16} 

2.05    1.35 
15c    .... 
25c    .... 

221      20 

North  Con  Virginia. 

Northern  Belle, . . . 

Raymond  k  Ely. . , . 

Rough  &  Ready 

Siena  Nevada 

Silver  Hill 

South  Standard 

581      57 
18J      171 

85c     70c 
20c      15c 
40c      25c 

62       61 
191      173 

1.30     85c 
20c      15c 
30c    .... 

Utah 

Ward 

Yellow  Jacket 

251      i95 

27;    2ij! 

22J      201 

Sales  at  S.  F.  Stock  Exchange. 


Friday  A.  M.,   Fcl>.  21. 

475  Andes 55(5  80c 

490  Alta e-fcH-' 

665  Alpha 19{@2( 

400  Best&  Belcher... 23@22; 

1315  Bullion 73@7i 

545  Belcher 7{ 

155  Benton 5")V.h> 

640  Con  Virginia 7* 

1230  California 7$<&li 

570  Crown  Point 5|@5j 

2255  Con  Imperial..  ..11@1. 20 

540  Caledonia 2J@2.90 

200  Con  Dorado 15c 

120  Confidence 16J@16i 

515  Challenge 3.;,'"3  iji 

30  Chollar 4S-'.«M'.< 

930  Dardanelles :j.3tj(«;s; 

640  Exchequer ti  ■  «ri\ ■; 

200  Flowery 35c 

605  Gould  it  Curry...  13$.a  1;;,, 

75  Geo  Douglas 60c 

485  Hale&Nor ]i'.>-h;; 

250  Justice 5|     " 

1595  Julia 5 

140  Kentuck Si  _ 

830  Lady  Bryan lj<ai.70 

215  Leviathan. 60c 

375  Mexican 39J@40 

300  Mackey 3J@3.35 

435  North  Con  Vir....Hno  111 ; 

490  N  Bonanza l.SO.'l.-o 

335  New  York 65&60c 

155  Overman 10J@105 

950  Ophir 4(M-Hii 

3400  Phil  Sheridan.... liJo-i.V 
350  Sierra  Nevada....  47  ;■'■' -is 

1480  Savage .13i@13J 

380  Silver  Hill 2* 

650  Solid  Silver 55c 

995  Succor. 60(g?50c 

50  Scorpion lj 

200  Trojan 30c 

160  Utah 17@16J 

210  Union  Con 674(5)6; 

200  Wells-Fargo 15c 

820  Ward 1.35@1 


575  Yellow  Jacket...  .21i@21J 

AFTERNOON  SESBION. 

1150  Argenta 95@90c 

400  Albion 40c 

50  Bechtel 60c 

230  Bodie 73@7f 

320  Belmont 50c 

100  Belvidere 40@50c 

430  Bulwer. 18 

650  Black  Hawk 90@85c 

300  Booker 40c 

725  CPacific 2(5)1.95 

2400  Caledonia  (B  H)....2@15 

550  Dudley 70c 

100  DeFrees 10c 

20  Day 30c 

210  Eureka  Con 29@28j| 

1250  Endowment.. 5@10c 

600  Esmeralda 1 

285  Goodshaw 56c 

10  GrandPrize 5 

1275  Gila gc 

300  Giant&O  A '..41 

450  Hussey 25c 

500  Hillside 2*@2.65 

700  Highbridge 80@75c 

50  Independence 1.80 

70  Jackson 7j 

100  Leopard 85(ec80c 

125  M  White 6 

100  McClinton 76c 

280  Mono 2@1.90 

315  Manhattan 2  90 

660  Northern  Belle 8(a8| 

150  Navajo 20@15c 

290  Oriental 15c 

1250  Paradise. 2*. 

60  Raymond  &  Ely 6 

60  SBodie 30c 

125  Summit 2  30 

570  S  Bulwer. 50@60c 

100  Silver  King 9A 

100  Tiptop 95@90c 

290  Tioga  Con lJOli 

Monday  A.  .11.,  Feb.  24. 
580  Alta 6i@6E 

1225  Alpha 20i@21 


400  Andes 55c 

130  Beat  k  Belcher. . .  .23*5)24 

1065  Belcher 7i«$ 

1770  Bullion 7i@7i 

470  Benton 5 

200  Baltimore  Con 1: 

85  Chollar 481@4" 

1140  California 7|@7; 

760  Con  Virginia 7@6i 

285  Crown  Point 5*<5)5i" 

3600  Con  Imperial. ...1.30@1: 

150  Challenge 3*@3; 

450  Caledonia 2.90@2| 

435  Confidence 16i@16 

250  Dardanelles 3.40Ca>3< 

1155  Exchequer 7J(S'6i 

400  Flowery 35c 

200  Geo  Douglas 50c 

480  Gould  it  Curry. .  .13i@13g 

325  Hale&Nor 17iC<*17: 

560  Justice 5J(S4.9i 

1535  Julia 5J@6: 

95  Kentuck 53@5j 

1900  Lady  Bryan. . .  .1.90@1.95 

250  Leviathan 65c 

620  Lady  Wash Ii 

2715  Mexican 46@47* 

550  North  Con  Vir . . . .  14(fcl4l 

1340  N  Bonanza 2.10(5)2 

200  New  York 6f~"' 

675  Ophir « 

230  Overman 101*593 

1600  Phil  Sheridan 45@40o 

150  Plutus 1.60 

700  Solid  Silver 60c 

475  Savage 133@13* 

1545  SierraNevada 55@57 

450  Silver  Hill 2J<»2.35 

35  Seg  Belcher 27 

850  Succor 

200  Scorpion 

250  Santiago 

400  StLouiB 50c 

250  Senator 25c 

1300  Trojan 30c 

195  Utah 20@19: 

530  Union  Con 87(^90 

800  Wells-Fargo 15c 

2010  Ward 2.05@2 

670  Yellow  Jacket. .  .22*@22; 

AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

140  Argenta 95c@] 

350  Belmont 45(5)50c 

700  Belle  Isle 30c 

245  Bodie 

350  Bechtel 

600  Booker 

200  Belvidere 60@50c 

165  Bulwer. 19(5)18} 

50  Black  Hawk 1.10 

300  Con  Pacific 12(5)2 

200  Day 30c 

275  Dudley 60c 

110  Eureka  Con 28J 

1250  Endowment 10c 

1050  Esmeralda l@lj 

1070  Grand  Prize 5(&4j 

850  Gila 30c 

100  Goodshaw 50c 

200  Giant&O  A 4.30 

100  Hamburg 

150  Hillside 2J 

450  Highbridge 75c 

220  Independence 1.80 

195  Jackson 7J@7 

105  Leeds 1 

70  Leopard '. 85c 

40  Manhattan 1 

385  Mono 2@1 .90 

350  McClinton 75c 

630  Modoc 5c 

10  Martin  White 

355  Northern  Belle.... 9i 

275  Navajo 20(a)l5c 

100  Oriental I5@20o 

1510  Paradise 

45  Real  del  Monte 
70  Ray'dfc  Ely.... 

200  Star 75c 

100  SBodie 30c 

1550  S  Bulwer. 1@1.15 

1250  Summit 2.30@2J 

70  Silver  King. 9' 

965  Tioga  Con lj@l 

300  Tiptop 1 

Tuesday  A.  M„  Feb.  25. 

400  Alta 6i@5g 

150  Andes 55c 

300  Baltimore  Con 1 

260  Best  k  Belcher....  22@21* 

1460  Belcher 6i@6S 

2305  Bullion 7Bfte7i 

475  Benton 43@4' 

600  California 6$<5)6' 

275  Caledonia 2£(5)2 .  Si 

1300  Con  Virginia 5J 

1230  Con  Imperial..  1.20(81. 15 

75  Chollar. 

250  Crown  Point 51 

30  Confidence 14J 

355  Challenge 3.70@3.10 

100  CDorado 20c 

800  Dardanelles < 

1220  Exchequer 6U_„ 

1400  Flowery 35(0)400 

400  GouldS  Curry...  131(a}12| 
195  H&Noreross... .163(5)16* 

405  Justice 43@t.9o 

965  Julia 5£@5i 

120  Kentuck 5.15(85 

1670  Lady  Bryan U@l .  70 

200  Lady  Wash 1.70 

480  Leviathan G5(S50c 

805  Mexican '.  .43i<844 

520  Mackey 3K<*3.40 

200  Maryland 75c 

100  New  York 60(&55c 

870  North  Con  Vir...  13J@l2i 

2060  N  Bonanza 2@2.15 

440  Ophir 42(®41i 

350  Overman 10@9s 

300  Plutus 1.60 

1550  Thil  Sheridan  . . .  .50@45c 

205  Sierra  Nevada 51<£52 

670  Savage 13I&131 

770  Silver  Hill 2.10(82 

900  Succor 50c 

160  Scorpion 1.70 

350  Santiago 2.80 

1705  Solid  Silver 60c 

450  Trojan 30c 

95  Utah 17S@181 

415  Union  Con 8H@80* 

100  Wells-Fargo 15c 

2500  Ward 1.80(81.90 

625  Yellow  Jacket 21 

AFIERNUUH  SESSIOJN. 
25  Argenta, 95c 


800  Albion 40@45c 

2000  Belle  Isle 30o 

315  Bodie 7 

300  Bechtel 55@50c 

190  Belvidere 6O0 

80  Bulwer 20(819J 

355  Belmont 40(850c 

560  Black  Hawk. 1(81.15 

610  CPacific 2 

250  Caledonia  (B  H) 2 

450  Day 30c 

350  Dudley 60c 

1400  Endowment 15@10c 

■180  Eureka  Con 27J 

1380  Esmeralda. 1 

100  Giant  it  O  A 4.30 

450  Goodshaw 50c 

290  Grand  Prize 4.60 

250  Gila 30c 

90  Golden  Terra 9 

600  Hussey 25c 

770  Highbridge 70c 

75  Hamburg 50c 

650  Independence 1  i 

170  Jackson 7 

500  Leopard 75c 

445  Mono 2(81.95 

150  McClinton 60(875e 

100  Modoc 10c 

270  Manhattan 2*(82.55 

350  M  White 7 6 

275  Northern  Belle 9{@9 

100  Navajo 20c 

100  Oriental 15c 

920  Paradise 2i@2.05 

100  Real  del  Monte 4 

35  Raymond  &  Ely 6 

10  Real  del  Monte 31 

200  Star 70c 

700  SBodie 30c 

1385  Summit 2^(82.60 

2850  SBulwer 95c@1.10 

20  Silver  King 10 

250  Silver  Prize 10c 

220  Tioga  Con 1.60(81$ 

Wert'sday  A.M.,  Feb.  26. 

25  Andes 60c 

210  Alpha 19A 

535  Alta 5J@5J 

425  B&  Belcher. 2li@20| 

580  Bullion 7|@6i 

650  Belcher 6ji(g6l 

30  Benton 4.60 

20  Chollar 47 

1085  Con  Virginia 5J 

685  California 5j(86 

605  Crown  Point 5,(g5 

795  Caledonia 2i@2.60 

■■t%  Con  Imperial.. 1.15(21. 20 
80  Confidence 15(8151 

1385  Challenge 3(a3.lj5 

200  C  Dorado 10<oil5c 

380  Dardanelles 4@3.95 

1065  Exchequer 6fl@t>l 

1020  Flowery 35t&4Gc 

100  Geo  Douglas 40o 

490  Gould  &  Curry... 121@12i 

390  Hale  &  Nor 16](*16j 

230  Justice 4.70 

720  Julia 5g@5i 

50  Kentuck .5^ 

200  Leviathan 55(350c 

1500  Lady  Bryan 1.70<£?lj 

250  Lady  Wash U<all 

2C75  Mexican 4z@44 

100  Mackey 3.40 

860  North  Con  Vir. . .  13(81  jj 

250  New  York 50c 

560  N  Bonanza, 2@1.90 

135  Overman 93@9J 

275  Ophir 42(ff41J 

250  Plutus 1.40 

250  Phil  Sheridan 45c 

710  Succor 50c 

550  Savage 13i<813 i 

400  Senator 25c 

375  S  Nevada 53(8511 

1460  Solid  Silver 60c 

585  Silver  Hill 2.10^2 

.300  Trojan 30c 

45  Utah 17i(818 

605  Union 79@81 

200  Woodville 25c 

100  Wells-Fargo 15c 

2555  Ward 1.85@1.60 

570  Yellow  Jacket.... 20(8-201 


MINING  SHAEEH0LDERS'  DIRECTORY. 


AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

50  Albion 50c 

860  Argenta 9Cc(gl.05 

60  Bulwer 20 

500  Bechtel 75c 

195  Bodie 6J(£6g 

750  Belvidere 50<g60c 

550,  Black  Hawk . . .  1 .  10(81  40 

200  Belmont .'  .40c 

800  Belle  lale.   30c 

1450  Booker 50@45c 

100  Champion l(Jc 

475  Caledonia  (B  H). .2(82.10 

1140  C  Pacific 2(ffl2  10 

550  Dudley 60c 

80  DeFrees 10c 

150  Day 30c 

270  Eureka  Con 28 

200  Endowment 15C 

1900  Esmeralda 1@1.20 

1000  Fourth  July 35@40c 

135  GrandPrize  ...4. 65@4. 60 

ICO  Goodshaw 50c 

105  Golden  Terra 9@10 

lOOGiant&OA 4.60 

300  Gila 30c 

1460  Highbridge 60(865c 

850  Hussey 30(«25c 

75  Hillside 2.40 

1115  Indepeudence 12 

60  Jackson 7 

310  Leopard 65(o?50c 

200  Leeds 75@60c 

160  McClinton 75c 

430  Manhattan 2i 

40  M  White 6 

100  Minnietta  Bell 30c 

120  Mono 2@2i 

150  Northern  Belle 9j.@9 

1500  Navajo 15c 

660  Paradise 2g@2.20 

155  Raymond  &  Ely 5J,@5 

200  Richer ...1 

100  SBodie 30c 

240  Star 75c 

1215  Summit 2J@3i 

1955  SBulwer 1(81.10 

125  Tiptop 90c 

1030  Tioga  Con li@13 

1300  Tuscarora. ... ..... .10@5c 


SALES  OF    LAST  WEEK   AND  THIS  COMPARED 


Thursday  A.M.,  Feb.  2«, 

190  Alta 5 

145  Alpha 20 

50  Andes 60c 

95  Best&  Belcher.  .24i@241 

2060  Bullion 8(375 

150  Belcher. ."7| 

345  Benton 5J@5 

390  Caledonia 2.95@2.9u 

3210  Con  Imperial. .1.30@1. 20 
300  CDorado 20c 

90  California 73 

170  Challenge 3J@3.70 

490  Con  Virginia 7l(87i 

105  Confidence 17J@165 

230  Crown  Point 6i<86 

550  Dardanelles 3.20 

810  Exchequer 7(86g 

250  Flowery 40(8J5c 

200  Gbuldfi  Curry 14J 

425  Geo  Douglas 60c 

270  Hale  &  Nor 17g@173 

310  Justice 5A@5l 

1280  Julia 4@3.95 

35  Kentuck 51 

100  Kossuth 20c 

25  Lady  Wash.-. 1.60 

620  L  Bryan 13@1.70 

200  Leviathan 60c 

150  Mexican 403(8401 

100  Mackey 3J 


TUursu'y  A.  M„ 

255  Alta 

100  Andes 

210  Alpha 

190  Best  &  Belcher 

900  Belcher 

2130  Bullion 

1060  Benton 

515  California 

550  Con  Virginia. . , 

285  Crown  Point. . . 

30  Chollar 

2790  Con  Imperial.. 

245  Confidence.... 
1455  Caledonia 

355  Challenge 

1135  Dardenelles. . . 
1835  Exchequer.... 
1020  Flowery 

155  Goulds  Curry 

405  Hale  &  Nor... 

390  Justice 

900  Julia 

95  Kentuck 

100  Kossuth 

185  Lady  Wash... 
1005  Lady  Bryan. . . 
1050  Leviathan 

4S0  Mexican 

80  Mackey 

890  New  York .... 


Feb.  27. 

ok 

50c 

IS* 

201 


. . .  .6J(§6| 
..4.'.(84.4(J 
....61(863 
....63(86* 

5(84j 

46 

1.15 

14 

2.60(82.55 
...3@3.10 
...3@3.05 
....5l@55 
...40(«<35c 

41(84 

5$ 

5@4j[ 


Location.      No.    Amt.  Levied. 


Compiled  every  Thursday  from  Advertisements  in  Mining  and  Scientific  Press  and  other  S.  F.  Journals. 

ASSESSMENTS-STOCKS  ON  THE  LISTS  OP  THE  BOARDS. 

DbIiIKq'nt.    Sale.    Secretary.  Place  of  Business 

1  00  Feb  20  Mar  27  Apr  15  W  H  Watson  302  Montgomery  B 

10  Feb  18  Mar  25  Apr  15  Wm  H  Lent  309  Montgomery  st 

I  00  Feb  7  Mar  12  April  1  Jno  Crockett  203  Bush  st 

20  Feb  24  Mar  29  Apr  26  C  V  D  Hubbard  203  Bush  st 

50  Jan  31  Mar  7  Mar  28  W  Wegener  414  California  st 

25  Jan  29  Mar  3  Apr  1  EC  Masten  309  Montgomery  at 

25  Feb  20  Mar  31  Apr  21  R  H  Brown  327  Pine  st 

1  00  Feb  26  Mar  31  Apr  21  Joseph  Gruss  418  California  st 

03  Jan  22  Feb  25  Mario  F  A  McGee  Merchants  Ex 

50  Jan  29  Mar  4  Mar  21  WW  Stetson  309  Montgomery  st 

25  Jan  22  Mar  3  Mar  24  Wm  W  Parish  328  Montgomery  st 

10  Jan  10  Feb  20  Mar  10  Victor  Fernbach  327  Pine  st 

15  Jan  20  Feb  26  Mar  21  R  H  Brown  327  Pine  st 

1  00  Jan  21  Feb  27  Mar  19  A  Noel  419  California  st 

100  Jan  10  Feb  15  Mar  5  R  E  Kelly  419  California  st 

1  00  Jan  3  Feb  6  Mar  5  B  B  Minor  310  Pine  Bfc 

50  Jan  3  Feb  6  Mar  28  R  H  Brown  327  Pine  at 

150  Dec  14  Jan  21  Mar  22  J  J  Scoville  59  Nevada  Block 

10  Jan  21  Mar  12  Mar  14  G  A  Holden  301  Pine  at 

50  Oct  22  Mar  3  Apr  7  HA  Whiting  211  Sanaomefct 

50  Feb  13  ,  Mar  24  Apr  15  J  W  Pew  310  Pine  st 

50  Jan  8  Feb  12  Mar  4  W  H  Lent  309  Montgomery  st 

20  Feb  4  Mar  12  April  3  R  H  Brown  327  Pine  st 

1  00  Jan  13  Feb  21  Mar  13  G  C  Pratt  309  Montgomery  st 

3  00  Jan  28  Mar  5  Mar  26  Geo  D  Edwards  414  California  st 

15  Jan  21  Feb  24  Mar  17  DL  Thomas  203  Bush  st 

1  00  Jan  7  Feb  12  Mar  10  J  W  Pew  310  Pine  st 

10  Dec  23  Mar  3  Mar  31  J  L  Fields  240  Montgomery  at 

1  00  Feb  17  Mar  11  Mar  31  E  B  Holmes  309  Montgomery  at 

25  Feb  1  Mar  6  Mar  29  W  H  Redington  111J  Leideadorff  at 

15  Feb  25  Mar  31  Apr  21  C  A  Sankey  331  Montgomery  st 

30  Jan  10  Feb  14  Mar  6  Jneob  Stadtfeld  419  California  at 

1  00  Jan  15  Feb  19  Mar  19  Mercer  Otey  Gold  Hill  Nev 


Company. 

-Vita  S  M  Co 
Bechtel  Con  M  Co 
Belcher  S  M  Co 
Belvidere  M  Co 
Caledonia  S  M  Co 
Dudley  M  Co 
Endowment  M  Co 
Exchequer  M  Co 
Florence  Blue  Gravel  M  Co 
FIowervM  Co 
Gila  S  M  Co 
Goodshaw  M  Co 
Hussey  Con  G  &  S  M  Co 
Julia  Con  M  Co 
Justice  M  Co 
K  K  Consolidated 
Leopard  M  Co 
Martin  White  M  Co 
MaybeUeConMCo 
McCrackin  Con  M  Co 
Modock  Con  M  Co 
Mono  G  M  Co 
Navajo  M  Co 
North  Con  Virginia  M  Co 
Overman  S  M  Co 
Phil  Sheridan  G  &  S  Co 
Raymond  &  Ely  M  Co 
Resolute  T  &  M  Co 
Savage  M  Co 
SilverPrizeG&SMCo 
South  Standard  M  Co 
Ward  G  k  S  M  Co 
Yellow  Jackets  M  Co 


California  14 

California  1 

Nevada  17 

California  3 

Nevada  26 

California  2 

Nevada-  3 

Nevada  13 

California  3 

Nevada  1 

Nevada  3 

California  21 

Nevada  7 

Nevada  8 

California  27 

Nevada  7 

Nevada  9 

Nevada  5 

California  2 

Arizona  2 

California  8 

Bodie  2 

Nevada  5 

Nevada  15 

Nevada  43 

Nevada  8 

Nevada  10 

California  1 

Nevada  37 

Nevada  4 

California  4 

California  3 

Nevada  31 


OTHER  COMPANIES-NOT  ON  THE  LISTS  OP  THE  BOARDS. 


H 

rital.  ill) 
.JlJraCOo 

'■ii)@iDC 


Arsent  M  On 

Aurora  T  &  M  Co 

Black  Hawk  G  M  Co 

Booker  Con  G  M  Co 

Brilliant  M  Co 

Carmelo  Bay  Coal  Co 

Day  S  M  Co 

Diana  GSSMCo 

Eafile  9»IGo 

Fairfax  M  Co 

Godfrey  Gravel  M  Co 

Hackberrv  M  &  M  Co 

Howe  S  M  Co 

Jupiter  M  Co 

Mammoth  M  Co 

MarinosaLand  &  M  Co 

Mayflower  Gravel  M  Co 

McMUlen  S  M  Co 

Mount  Hood  M  Co 

New  York  M  Co 

North  Star  G  M  Co 

Northern  Light  G  S  S  M  Co 

Oriental  Con  G  &  S  M  Co 

Pinal  M  &  M  Co 

S  F  Petroleum  Co 

Slate  Creek  G  M  Co 

Summit  M  Co 

Vancouver  M  Co 

Wide  Awake  Prospecting  &  M 


Name  ok  Company. 

jEtna  M  Co 
Centras  Con  M  Co 
Northern  King  M  &  M  Co 
Hale  &  Norcross  S  M  Co 
Pioneer  Con  M  Co 
Sl.ivonia  G  S  S  M  Co 
South  IJtah  M  Co 


Nevada  4 

California  3 

California  4 

California  1 

Nevada  1 

California  2 

Nevada  3 

Nevada  3 

Nevada  12 

Nevada  1 

California  4 

Arizona  3 

Nevada  1 

California  2 

California  2 

California  15 

California  3 

Arizona  1 

Nevada  2 

Nevada  18 

California  1 

California  3 

California  2 

Arizona  1 

California  5 

California  1 

California  7 

Nevada  2 

Co       Ariz  6 


39  Jan  21 
20  Feb  24 
25  Dec  10 
15  Jan  29 
05  Jan  13 
25  Dec  20 
05  Feb  6 
10  Feb  12 
25  Feb  19 
15  Jan  25 
05  Jan  17 
50  Jan  17 

03  Feb  24 
10  Feb  15 
20  Feb  12 

1  00  Jan  10 

10  Jan  15 

25  Nov  22 

15  Feb  3 

40  Feb  IS 
50  Jan  29 
10  Jan  23 
50  Feb  18 

6  00  Feb  19 

1G  Feb  6 

25  Jan  21 

05  Feb  4 

16  Feb  3 

04  Febl 


Mar  3 
April  1 
Jan  11 
Mar  6 
Feb  17 
Feb  20 
Mar  15 
Mar  17 
Mar  24 

Feb  28 
Feb  20 
Feb  24 
Mar  31 
Mar  18 
Mar  19 
Feb  12 
Feb  20 
Feb  10 
Mar  8 
Mar  25 

Mar  5 
Mar  3 
Mar  24 
Apr  5 
Mar  11 
Mar  3 
Mar  11 
Mar  8 
Marl 


Mar  25 
Apr  30 
Mar  30 
Mar  26 

Mar  9 
Mar  20 
April  8 

Apr  2 
Apr  15 
Mar  20 
Apr  7 
Mar  14 
Apr  21 
Apr  16 
Apr  10 
Mar  12 
Mar  12 

Mar  6 
Mar  28 
Apr  15 
Mar  26 
Mar  24 
April 

May  5 
Mar  31 
Mar  31 
April  8 
Mar  28 
April  5 


K  H  Brown  327  Pine  st 

C  Van  Dyck  Hubbard        203  Bush  st 
B  S  Kellogg  306  Pine  st 

W  H  Lent  309  Montgomery  st 

Wm  A  Van  VanBokkelen         309  Cal 
John  Greif  636  Washington  st 

J  W  Pew  310  Pine  at 

J  T  McGeoghegan  318  Pine  at 


R  H  Brown 
O  C  Miller 
J  M  Bufnngton 
N  C  Walton 
H  B  Sand 
E  C  Masten 
A  WEose 
Leander  Leavitt 
J  Morizio 
A  <!  McMeans 
W  W  Bausman 
D  L  Thomas 
D  A  Jennings 
S  F  Monroe 
Wm  R  Bentley 
Amos  Roberts 
Wendell  Eastou 
J  L  Fields 
R  N  Van  Brunt 
"VV  W  Bausman 
C  Hildebrandt 


MEETINGS  TO  BE  HELD. 

Location.     Secretarv.  Office  in  S.  F.  Meeting. 

Arizona    J  S  Benear  420  Montgomery  at  Annual 

W  W  Parrish  328  Montgomery  st  Annual 

Arizona    J  F  Glover  31S  Pino  et  Special 

Nevada    J  F  Lightner    N  W  cor  Pine  &  Montg'y  Annual 

J  M  Buffington  309  California  st  Special 

Nevada    A  F  Martin  525  Front  st  Annual 

Nevada    Chas  S  Healy  Merchants'  Ex  Special 


'327  Pine  st 

426  California  st 

309  California  st 

324  Pine  at 

404  Montgomery  st 

309  Montgomery  at 

302  Montgomery  st 

309  Montg'y  at 

328  Montgomery  Bt 

Safe  Deposit  Build 

409  California  et 

203  Bush  st 

401  California  st 

419  California  st 

327  Pine  at 

214  Sansome  m. 

22  Montgomery  st 

240  Montgomery  st 

318  Pine  at 

409  California  st 

232  Sutter  st 


Date 
Mar  24 
Marl! 
Mar  13 
Mar  12 
March  5 
Mar  11 
Mar  12 


LATEST   DIVIDENDS-WITHIN    THREE    MONTHS 


Na,v«  cf  Company. 

Bodie  G  M  Co 
California  M  Co 
Excelsior  W  &  M  Co 
Eureka  Con  M  Co 
Golden  Star  M  Co 
Indian  Queen  M  &  M  Co 
Independence  M  Co 
New  York  Hill  G  M  Co 
Silver  King  M  Co 
Standard  G  M  Co 


Location.     Secretary. 

California  W  H  Lent 

Nevada  C  P  Gordon 

California  G  P  Thurston 

Nevada  W  W  Traylor 

Arizona  J  W  Morgan 

California  A  K  Durbrow 

Nevada  R  H  Brown 

F  J  Horrmann 

Arizona  W  H  Boothe 

California  W  Willis 


OlFlCK  IN  S.    F. 

327  Pine  st 
23  Nevada  Block 
315  California  st 
37  Nevada  Block 

318  Pine  at 
69  Nevada  Block 

327  Pine  at 

418  Kearny  at 

320  California  st 

309  Montgomery  at 


25 
25 


Pavapi  e 
Jan  20 
Jan  16 
Jan  20 
Feb  20 
Dec  9 
Dec  17 
Nov  20 
Oct  24 
Oct  22 
Feb  12 


600  New  York __. 

180  N  Con  Virginia.  .10J@10£ 

750  N  Bonanza 1.80 

180  Ophir 4U(s41 

310  Overman llj@ll 

1935  Phil  Sheridan  ....30@25c 

300  Plutus 1.60 

100  SierraNevada 48J@4! 

675  Savage 148(0)14^ 

485  Silver  Hill 2.60@2.55 

920  Succor 70@65c 

610  Solid  Silver, . ., 55c 

950  Trojan 35@25c 

70  Utah lS(W17j 

205  Union  Con 67£ 

750  Wella-Fargo 15c 

900  Ward 1.40@1.35 

1260  Yellow  Jacket. . .  .22J@22 

afternoon  session. 

1030  Argenta 60@65c 

200  Albion 40c 

465  Belmont 40@50c 

100  Belvidere 70c 

80  Bodie 7g@7i 

100  Bulwer tfl 

650  Black  Hawk 90c@l 

405  Bechtel 

1200  BeUe  IbIb 

150  Booker. 40c 

465  CPacific 2 

485  Caledonia  (BH)....13@2 

500  Dudley 65@75c 

445  Day 30C*35c 

200  DeFrees 10c 

1050  Endowment ...15c 

50  Eureka  Con 283@29 

1500  Fourth  July 30,#35c 

30  GrandPrize 5 

570  Goodshaw 50c 

200  Giant&O  A 4.10 

50  Golden  Terra 8* 

370  Husaey 25c 

700  Highbridge 90c@l 

50  Hillside H 

20  Jackson 7i 

25  Leeds 75c 

150  Leopard 80c 

5  Martin  White Si 

70  Mono 1.95@2 

200  Manhattan 3 

150  Minnietta  BelL 25c 

875  McClinton 75*a_80c 

323  Northern  Belle. . . 

900  Navajo 20c 

100  Oriental 10c 

625  Paradise 2J@2.65 

20  Raymond  &  Ely 6 

100  Real  del  Monte ty 

320  Summit 21(S2.30 

330  Star 65@75c 

50  Silver  King 91 

50  SBodie 30c 

200  SBulwer 50c 

75  Tiptop 1 

510  Tioga  Con 1.40(«1£ 

100  Tuscarora 5c| 


485  North  Con  Vir. . .  .!S(3<12g 

755  N  Bonanza ljkri>1.90 

100  Ophir 4l(ffl03 

550  Overman 92(®9i 

1475  Phil  Sheridan  . . .  .45(rt)40c 

100  Plutus 1.30 

305  Sierra  Nevada. . .  .501@S0 

585  Savage 13)(*i3i 

1000  Succor 45c 

595  Silver  Hill 2 

530  Scorpion 1.55@1.60 

1330  Solid  Silver 60c 

300  Santiago 2£ 

450  Trojan 30(S25c 

175  Union  Con S0@79i 

10  Utah 17S 

1150  Ward 1.60@H 

1050  Yellow  Jacket...  19j@19j 
AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

1150  Argenta 1@1.10 

300  Albion 50@75c 

300  Belle  Isle 25(n>30c 

25  Bulwer 191@192 

490  Bodie 6@B} 

300  Bechtel 65(«{ic 

100  Belmont 40c 

300  Belvidere 70(c*75c 

2675  Black  Hawk 2(ft2i 

300  Booker 70(ti75c 

350  C  Pacific 2. 101*2. 15 

100  Caledonia  (B  H) 2£ 

150  Chieftain 15c 

250  Concordia V'c 

100  Dudley 70 : 

100  DeFrees iUc 

300  Endowment 10c 

1450  Esnu-ralda. 1(5)1.22 

400  Goodshaw 45(550c 

190  Grand  Prize 4.70(55 

400  Golden  Terra 10 

100  Giant  k  O  A d 

300  Hussey 20C«?5c 

20  Hamburg 51c 

100  Highbriuge 60c  . 

50  Hillside 2.30(*2.40  I 

50  Independence li 

55  Jackson 7i@7J 

520  Leopard 55@60e 

40  Martin  White 6 

360  Mono 3 

245  Manhattan 2J 

700  McClinton 70@75c 

50  Minnietta  Bell 30c 

24  Modoc 5c 

240  Northern  Belle 9$ 

100  Oriental 15c 

350  Paradise 2.15(u2.20 

230  Richer 1 

25  Silver  King % 

532  SBulwer 1@1.10 

290  SBodk- 30c 

200  Star 60c 

1590  Summit 3C*3T 

400  Tuscarora 10c 

470  Tioga  Con 1.70@1J 

145  Tiptop 90c 

50  University 75c 


190  Con  Virginia 5J(5)5.90 

150  Con  Imperial 1.20 

20  Chollar 4ft 

105  Crown  Point 5iS@5 

150  California 5S<j*6 

100  Caledonia 2.60 

10  Challenge 3.(5 

510  Exchequer 6@6.15 

200  Gould  &  Curry 12* 

Hale  &  Nor 16J@16j 


FiO  Justice .4J 

270  Julia 5gO*5.6F 

100  Kentuck 5} 

155  Mexican 44@43| 

100  New  York 55c 

140  Ophir 402(5:40* 

25  Overman 10(5;93 

100  Savago 13i 

"  35  Sierra  Nevada 5H 

100  Silver  Hill 5 

35  Utah 17j@18 

40  Union  Con SC 

80  Yellow  Jacket. .  .20^(320* 

A  PTERNOON  SESSION. 

200  Argenta 1 

50  Alta 53 


Andes 50c 

Bullion W@H 

Best  &  Belcher.. .20J(5:0i 

Con  Imperial 1.15 

Con  Virginia 5J@61 

California 6i 

Crown  Point 5 

Dardanelles 34 

Dayton 50c 

Exchequer 5.95@6 

Globe 4c 

Husaey 25c 

Hale  &  Nor 16 

Justice 43 

Julia 5i@5.55 

L  Bryan 1.70 

Mariposa 3£@4 

Mackey 3j 

Mexican 44@42i 

New  York 53c 

Overman 9£ 

8  Utah 16(514c 

S  Bulwer 1 

Silver  Hill 2.05 

Tuscarora 10c 

Ward 1.60@1.6S 

Wells-Fargo 16@15c 


California  Board —Latest  Sales. 


Wert'sday  A.M.,  Feb.  20. 

4000  Atlanta lc 

40  Alpha 184 


Pacific  Board— Latest  Sales. 


"vVcrt'srtayA.M.,  Feb.  26.1  210  Belcher 

20  Alpha 19ii    90  Best  &  Belcher.. 

40  Alta 5ft1    20  Bullion.". 


....5;<{?5i 

...25'.<)r27c 
..2Uf!i.«201 
- .  -0i@6j 
....7 


47 

3 

....2.70 


CO  Alta 

S75  JP,ma 

40  Best  i:  Bclcber 

6U  Belcher 

30  Bullion 

30  California 5: 

30  Con  Virginia 5; 

350  Con  Imperial... 1. 15@1.1 

40  Crown  Point . 

30  Chollar 

35  Challenge 

130  Caledonia  ... 
500  Crevfte 

50  Dardanelles  . 

40  Exchequer... 

100  Favorite 

800  Globe 3c 

30  Hale  &  Norcross 15*. 

35  Justice 4.90 

45  Julia 51 

50  Mexican 42J 

200  Mint 18c 

500  Monumental 4c 

10  North  Con  Vir. 

30  Ophir 

100  Oriental 5c 

100  Phil  Sheridan 46c 

2500  S  Utah 13(5)15c 

40  Savage 12? 

150  Silver  Hill... 

30  Sierra  Nevada 51  2500  S  Utah 


,65c 


200  JEtna 25c 

100  Areenta 2.85 

3iX)0  Atlanta lc 

100  Atlas 124c 

40  Bullion 7i 

40  Best  k  Belcher 21 

20  Belcher 6£ 

20  Con  Virginia 6 

40  Crown  Point 5iS 

300  Con  Imperial. 1.15@1.17i 

70  California 6J(5)6 

40  Chollar 46J 

300  Cnso  Con 5c 

80  Caledonia 2.65(5)2.60 

200  Enterprise 1@1* 

40  Exchequer 6i 

100  Endowment 10c 

260  Fairfax 1  J(c61 .20 

30  Gould  &  Curry 12g 

100  G  Deposit 87A.C 

1:-.00  Ulobe 4C 

200  Gila 30(52Sc 

40  Hale&Nor 164 

30  Julia 58 

20  Justice 4.80 

30  Mexican 45i 

200  M  Monterey 37*c 

1130  Newark 35(525c 

30  Ophir 41 

400  Phil  Sheridan 45@44c 

35  Savage I."' 

30  Sierra  Nevada.. 

250  Santiago 


1000  UFlag lc 

20  Union 77 

30  Yellow  Jacket 13 

AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

50  Alnha 19J@19J 

50  Alta 53®53 


::.5i 
....22 

,.14c 


300  Tiger 1 

500  Twin  Peaka 4c 

20  Union  Con 81 

1100  UFlag. lc 

200  Woodville 25c 

200  Walea 1 

30  Yellow  Jacket 201 


March  i,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


133 


Mining  Share  Market 

Wt  have  had  a  dull  and  uninteresting  vreok  in 
stocks.  With  one  or  two  exceptions,  the  mar- 
ket has  been  entirely  destitute  of  animation. 
The  transactions  on  the  Boards  show  how  sus- 
picious small  dealers  are,  that  the  various  deals 
have  reached  their  culminating  point.  They 
touch  tenderly,  letting  go  on  the  first  appear- 
ance  of  weakness.  Shares  are  too  well  concen- 
trated for  insiders  tn  dispose  of  them  immedi- 
ately. The  only  thing  to  be  relied  on  for  a 
general  redistribution,  is  the  probable  develop- 
ment of  an  ore  body.  What  movements  have 
been  perceptible,  have  been  discouragingly 
sluggish,  the  animation  resulting  rather  from 
the  policy  of  inside  manipulators,  than  an 
outside  demand  for  shares.  The  principal 
deal  has  been  in  Union  Con.,  which  rose 
about  $30  at  the  middle  of  the  week,  only  to 
fall  again,  toward  the  latter  part,  to  nearly  its 
old  level.  Why  the  spurt  took  place  is  some- 
what of  a  mystery.  There  were  no  develop- 
ments to  warrant  the  jump,  and  we  can  only 
explain  it  on  the  theory  that  it  was  a  test  of 
the  "gambling"  feelings  of  the  community,  to 
see  how  far  they  would  respond  to  an  opening 
of  the  market.  Evidently,  the  response  was 
not  wholly  satisfactory.  Reaction  was  almost 
immediate,  and  stocks  took  an  inexplicable  fall, 
as  sudden  as  their  rise.  The  break  not  only 
wiped  out  all  the  appreciation,  but,  through 
sympathy,  brought  down  seriously  many  stocks 
which  had  not  participated  in  the  rise.  The 
bonanza  shares  were  principally  affected.  To- 
ward the  close  of  the  week,  efforts  were  made 
to  arrest  and  liven  the  market,  aud  the  old  rule 
was  put  in  practice,  of  selecting  and  supporting 
one  particular  favorite,  as  a  prop  to  the  others, 
and  thereby  to  restore  the  wavering  confidence 
of  the  people.  Mexican  was  the  one  selected, 
and  some  little  excitement  was  raised.  Most 
stocks  rallied.  There  was  a  slight  rise  in  the 
Tuaparora.  Summit  advanced  sharply,  while 
Bodie  and  Raymond  &  Ely  slightly  declined. 
No  other  important  changes  in  outside  stocks. 
The  Comstock  remained  steady,  but  with  orders 
limited.    The  market  generally  closing  steadily. 


ining    Nummary. 


The  following  U  mostly  condensed  from  Journals  pub- 
lished iu  the  Interior,  in  proximity  to  tbo  mines  mentioned. 


! 
! 

i 


Irrigation  in  Nevada. 

The  Winnemucca  Silver  State  of  Jan.  22nd, 
says  that  the  "Humboldt  Irrigation  and  Devel- 
opment Company"  has  been  formed,  composed 
of  Sacramento  business  men,  for  the  purpose  of 
diverting  the  Humboldt  river  for  irrigation  and 
agricultural  purposes,  and  to  bring  the  barren 
wastes  into  market.  To  this  end,  a  dam  at 
Oreana,  12  miles  from  Lovelock's,  has  been  con- 
structed at  a  cost  of  §15,000.  This  brings  the 
water  to  within  one  foot  of  the  top  of  the  soil  at 
the  head  of  our  valley.  The  construction  of  the 
ditch  or  canal,  with  sufficient  capacity  to  divert 
nearly  all  tho  waters  of  the  Humboldt,  is  being 
rapidly  pushed  atthis  time,  and  whencompleted 
will  be  nearly  20  miles  long.  Also  a  smaller 
ditch  meandering  under  the  foothills,  which, 
when  it  reaches  opposite  Lovelock  station,  will 
afford  as  fine  a  waterfall  as  can  be  found  in  the 
State — a  fall  of  40  feet — which  will  afford  am- 
ple water  for  flouring  and  quartz  mills,  and  not 
detract  from  the  main  object — that  of  irrigation. 
This  ditch  and  dam,  when  completed,  will  cost 
in  the  neighborhood  of  §100,000,  and  will  give 
us  a  front  rank  as  an  agricultural  community. 
We  are  also  on  the  great  highway  of  nations — 
the  Central  Pacific  railroad,  which  spans  the 
whole  valley,  and  with  proper  facilities  for 
freight,  we  can  at  all  times  ship  any  and  all  sur- 
plus we  have  on  hand;  also,  affording  abundance 
of  feed  for  fattening  stock  for  the  California 
market. 

New  Incorporations. 

Diamond  Creek  G.  &  S.  M.  Co, — Diamond 
Mountain  District,  Nevada.  Capital,  $5,000,- 
000.  Directors—Albert  C.  Shaw,  J.  C.  Cable, 
Jacob  Weissbein,  WUliam  Word  and  John 
Warner. 

Representative  G.  &  S.  M.  Co. — Capital 
stock,  $10,000,000.  Directors— E.  J.  Baldwin, 
J.  P.  Cavallier,  Alex  McAbee,  R.  E.  Kelly  and 
J.  J.  Maue. 

De  Ruyteb  G.  M.  Co. — California.  Capital 
stock,  §500,000.  Directors— T.  A.  Talbert, 
Thos.  W.  Cunningham,  John  Day,  J.  W. 
Roberts  and  A.  D.  Rightmire. 

The  Cozian,  the  Witch,  and  the  Haley 
and  Militioh  G-.&S.  M.  Co. — Baranoff  Islands, 
Alaska.  Each  has  a  capital  of  §1,000,000,  and 
the  Trustees  of  each  are  as  follows:  S.  B.  Wat- 
son, Walter  Hoge,  Robert  Kanzie,  E.  Chielo- 
vich  and  L.  Radovich. 

Pacific  Coast  Oil  Co. — To  deal  in  oils  and 
oil  lands.  Capital  stock,  $1,000,000.  Direc- 
tors— Charles  N.  Felton,  L.  D.  Fisk,  George 
Loomis,  George  W.  Heges  and  E.  H.    Forester. 

Bullion  Shipments. 

Since  our  last  issue,  we  have  noticed  the  fol- 
lowing bullion  shipments: 

Tybo  Con.,  Feb.  17th,  $4,089.90;  Ophir,  Feb. 
22d,  $79,230.38;  Hillside,  Feb.  24th,  $5,470.00; 
Independence,  Feb.  24th,  $6,000.00;  Grand 
Prize,  Feb.  24th,  $14,500.00;  Paradise  Valley, 
Feb.  21st,  $29,300.00;  Christy,  Feb.  24th,  35,- 
902.00;  Tybo  Con.,  Feb.  19th,  $4,274.77; 
Northern  Belle,  Feb.  22d,  $9,136.74;  Paradise 
Valley,  Feb.  24th,  $3,400.00;  Highbridge,  Feb. 
25th,  $4,250.00;  Martin  White,  Feb.  23d,  $6,- 
960.00;  Hillside,  Feb.  26th,  $5,530.00. 


CALIFORNIA. 

AMADOR. 
I'n. i'  -iv     Dispatch,  Feb  ■:.';  I  li 

.  ..ii. i  the  towesl  level  at   1,200  root;  both  de- 
veloping Quely.    Nearly  the  whole  of  I n    nov    taken 

out  somes  from  beiwa  n  the  1000  and  L100  levela  Then 
:-  plentj  "i  water  in  the  ditch  tor  ^t I  purposes  Besides 
10 cords ol  wood  ai...  floated  through 
the  ditch  dally,  Eight  cords  |ht  j.iy  un-  consumed  by 
the  turnacei  the  surplus  i*  being  stored  for  Bummer  use, 
tu  tide  tin.-  works  over  Hmt  portion  '■:  the  year  when  wood- 
Boating  U  unpractical,  At  the  head  a  I in  has  been  con- 
structed across  the  middle  fork  ol  the  river,  not  for  the 
purpose  ol  stopping  the  l"ifs  entirely,  but  to  guide  them 
into  tho  .ii'.'  i..  i '...--nit.'-,  supplying  watei  for  their  own 
works,  the  company  run  duo  Inches  to  Michigan  barj  ?rr> 

to  Irish  hill,  and  200  tu  Forest  Soma 

Amador  Con. —The  sinking  of  a  new  whaft  has  been  com- 
menced ou  thu  old  Wolverine  ground,  which  has  nut  yet 
been  explored  to  any  extent.     A  strong  foree  of    men    are 

employed  in  sinking  operations  and  in  tearing  down  the 
buildings  over  the  Eureka  shaft,  which  are  to  be  ereeted 

over  the  situ  of  thu  new  opening.  Tina  move  is  looked 
upon  as  insuring  tiie  working  of  the  mine  1  -r  many  years, 
Tjik  Cextkn.mal. — This  mine  und  mill  are  under  attach- 
ment from  several  parties.  The  ore  looks  splendid)  but 
J.n-s  not  contain  much  gold.  Kopealud  assessments  huve 
diseouraged  many  of  tho  stockholders,  or  exhausted  their 
pursed,  oousequently  the  last  assessment  is  unpaid  to  u 
great  extent.  Between  2,000  and  a,uou  shares  were 
bought  iu  hy  the  company.  Still,  work  is  proceeding  in 
tho  mine.  Miners  are  running  a  drift  west,  in  tho  hope 
of  striking  a  richer  body  of  ore,  which,  from  surface  crop- 

ELngS,  is  believed  to  exist  in  that  direction.  Tho  null  has 
eeu  shut  down  for  some  time. 

N'utks.—  At  Oleta,  S.  H.  Clarke  has  a  five-stamp  mill 
operating  on  gold-bearing  cement.  The  cement  cannot  be 
worked  by  hydraulic  power.  It  has  to  bo  blasted  from 
the  mine,  and  is  put  through  the  mill  like  quartz,  the 
five  stamps  crushing  some  40  tons  per  day.  A  clean-up 
was  made  the  other  day,  with  highly  satisfactory  results. 
The  Pennsylvania,  at  New  Chicago,  is  still  idle,  and  no 
immediate  prospect  of  resumption  of  work.  The  miners 
who  wore  engaged  by  the  company  at  the  time  of  the  cavo 
have  tired  ot  waiting  for  it  to  start  up,  and  scattered  in 
search  of  employment  elsewhere.  The  English  company 
owning  tho  Original  Amador  have  purchased  the  Maryland 
mine  for  $12,000.  This  i property  adjoins  the  Seaton, 
lately  purchased  by  the  same  company.  Few  men  are  at 
work  at  present,  but  as  soon  as  spring  fairly  opens  a 
strong  force  will  be  put  on.  A  crushing  of  rock  from  the 
St.  Louis  mine,  on  Kennedy  flat,  is  to  he'made  soon  at  the 
Oneida  mill. 
CALAVERAS. 

GwiN  Mine.  —  Chronicle,  Feb.  22:  Considerable  trouble 
has  been  experienced  by  the  breaking  of  pump-rods 
There  is  a  good  deal  of  water  in  the  mine,  and  notwith- 
standing the  pumps  have  been  increased  in  size  they  have 
to  be  run  beyond  a  safe  rate  of  speed  to  keep  it  down. 
Aside  from  that  everything  is  progressing  favorably,  the 
batteries  being  at  present  supplied  from  the  1400  level. 

Struck  It.— An  enormously  rich  quartz  vein  has  been 
discovered  near  the  North  Fork  of  the  Mokclumne,  in  tho 
West  Point  district,  by  a  gentleman  from  Mexico.  We 
have  no  particulars  of  this  find  beyond  the  announcement 
that  tho  ledge  is  wide  and  the  rock  very  rich. 

Upper  Country  Mites.— The  shaft  of  the  Champion  is 
now  down  500  feet  and  a  station  is  being  put  in  at  that 
depth.  Drifting  to  strike  and  crosscut  the  ledge  is  also 
commenced.  Some  parties  have  commenced  taking  ore 
from  the  San  Bruno  at  Mosquito.  Operations  at  the  San 
Pedro,  Olencoe  district,  continue  to  be  conducted  with 
great  zeal,  and  rapid  progress  is  being  made  in  sinking  the 
new  shaft.  At  the  Banner,  same  district,  everything  is 
running-  smoothly,  tho  work  of  extracting  rich  ore  going 
steadily  on. 
INYO 

Benton.-— Inyo  Independent,  Feb.  15:  The  Comanche 
company  have  resumed  operations  again.  Our  letter, 
under  date  of  12th  instant,  says:  "The  mill  started  on 
tailings  on  the  5th,  and  is  working  at  a  good  profit;  will 
ship  a  number  of  bars  next  week.  The  hoisting  works  of 
the  Kerrick  mine  have  been  removed  to  the  Tower,  the 
entire  change  being  accomplished  and  the  machinery  set 
in  motion  again  in  five  working  days,  exclusive  of  two 
days  on  the  teams. 

Struck  It.— The  old  Fish  Springs  gold  ledges,  some  18 
miles  north  of  town,  have  been  re-opened  and  prospected 
by  the  lessees,  Olmstead  &  Davis.  They  have  been  suc- 
cessful in  finding  the  lost  ledge  in  the  old  workings,  with 
plenty  of  ore  running  from  $75  to  §150  per  ton  in  gold. 
Mr.  Westerville  is  setting  about  to  repair  the  old  arastras. 

RuNNiNQ.--The  Brown  Monster  mill  has  been  running 
30  stamps  steadily  for  some  time,  and  partial  clean-ups  so 
far  indicate  complete  success. 

MONO- 
Standard.— Bodie  Standard,  Feb.  22:  The  east  cross- 
cut from  the  main  shaft  is  in  273  feet;  progress  for  the 
week,  28  feet.  The  rock  in  the  face  is  iu  porphyry,  with 
stringers  of  quartz.  The  south  drift  from  this  crosscut 
haa  been  advanced  18  feet;  total  length,  207  feet.  The 
ledge  is  three  feet  wide,  of  very  good  ore.  The  east  cross- 
cut, 300  level,  old  shaft,  is  in  225  feet;  progress  for  the 
week,  10  feet.  No  change  in  the  character  of  the  ground. 
The  north  drift  from  the  crosscut  has  been  extended  du- 
ring the  week  14  feet;  total  length,  GO  feet.  The  ledge  Is 
two  and  one-half  feet  wide,  and  looks  well.  The  north 
drift  on  the  West  Standard  is  in  70  feet.  Tne  ledge  is  18 
inches  wide,  of  very  rich  ore.  The  south  drift  on  this 
'ledge  is  in  69  feet,  showing  a  ledge  two  feet  wide,  which  is 
also  very  rich.  The  north  drift  on  the  Cook  ledge  is  in 
130  feet.  The  ledge  is  18  inches  wide,  and  looks  well. 
The  tramway  has  not  been  running  for  two  or  three  days. 
The  cable  is  worn  out,  and  a  new  one  is  expected  from 
Pillston,  Pa.  Two  cables  have  now  been  worn  out.  The 
first  lasted  eight  months,  and  the  last  but  three  months. 
The  new  one  will  be  a  three-quarter-inch  steel  wire  affair, 
while  its  predecessor  was  but  five-eighths.  For  the  pres- 
ent the  ore  is  being  hauled  by  teams. 

Red  Cloud  Con. — The  west  crosscut,  400  level,  is  now  in 
50  feet.  The  rock  in  the  face  is  becoming  harder.  A 
progress  of  a  few  feet  has  been  made  in  the  east  crosscut, 
same  level,  without  material  change.  On  the  250  level 
fair  progress  has  been  made  on  the  west  crosscut  from  the 
north  drift.  A  winze  has  been  started  on  the  Packard 
and  Morton  vein,  which  is  now  down  10  feet.  The  mine 
has  been  cleared  of  water  since  the  strike,  and  everything 
is  working  well. 

Bulwer.—  The  south  drift,  380  level,  is  in  from  the 
winze  165  feet;  progress  during  the  week,  10  feet.  The 
ledge  is  two  and  one-half  feetwide,  and  looks  well.  The 
west  crosscut  from  this  drift  is  seven  feet.  The  rock  is 
very  hard.  The  ledge  in  the  upraise  is  two  feet  wide,  of 
good  oro.  The  ledge  in  the  south  drift,  200  level,  is  three 
feet  wide,  and  looks  well.  No  important  change  in  the 
Stonewall  slopes,  which  are  yielding  the  usual  amount  of 
good  ore. 

Maryland  Con.— Work  is  going  on  with  more  than 
usual  activity.  The  ledge  is  keeping  its  usual  width,  with 
an  increase  of  quartz,  both  in  quality  and  quantity. 

Queen  Bee.— The  mine  has  resumed  work  after  the 
strike,  with  the  usual  number  of  miners.  Drifting  has 
commenced  north,  and  a  fine  lot  of  ore  being  taken  out, 
which  is  saved  for  milling.  The  east  crosscut,  250  level, 
is  being-  continued,  and  is  now  in  38  feet.  The  west  cross- 
cut has  been  discontinued  for  the  present  and  the  force 
placed  at  work  on  the  ledge. 

Mono. — Work  has  not  been  discontinued  in  this  mine 
during  the  strike.  The  north  drift,  400  level,  is  in  45  feet 
from  the  shaft.    The  ground  works  well.    The  west  cross- 


cut fr-'in  the  in>rth  drift,  at  a  point  IS  feet  from  the  slluft, 
■  .  t        It  has  parsed  through  some  hard    rod    tOH 
■treakfl  "I  mineral-bearing  quartz 

FjKirVMtTT      Blnoe  last  report  the  lOOlevid  has  attained 

%  total  length  ol  i-i  test;  Lfi  reel  progress  during  the 
week.    The  arosacm  trom  the  bottom  of  tin-  shall  Is  In  22 

feet,  OUttlDg  through  nine  feet  of  led^e  matter,    four    feet 

ol  which  Is  quarts;  prospecting  well 
Harrikotom     Tbi  tunnel  has  been  sdvanoed   U  feet 

durini:  the  past  Week       On  the  I2tb  hint     a   ledge  was  cut 

..i  a  heavy  character  >•!  clsy  and  t*vo  feet  of 
quartz.  Being  near  the  surface  it  is  considerably  broken 
The  banginej  «.iii  has  doI  been  reached  yet,  as  In   driving 

ahead  alter  native  veins  of  quartz  and  porphj  rj  are  cut. 

QOOSSUaV  The  Bast  Crosscut,  460  level,  ms  advanced 
nine  feet  during  the  week,  and  the  west  CrOSSCUl  -i\  feet. 
Work  was  Suspended    during  the  strike,    which   fact    lias 

caused  a  less  progress  than  usual,    The  full  complement 

of  men  It)  now  being  worked  iu  the  bottom,  ami  every- 
thing i.i  running  as  formerly. 

Soi  iii  IUhuk.— Work  was  resumed  this  morning  sink- 
ing will  he  continued  with  all  possible  speed  until    the 

depth  of  r.oO  feet  i-  reached,      \Vh<  n  ordered  t.»  quit   work 

in  the  shaft  I'.r  the  tteohnntixV  Union,  Beveral  small  veins 
oi  quartz  were  running  in  the  bottom,  assaying  J2L 

SFMini.  The  station  at  the  depth  "f  2W  left  h;is  not 
yet  been  completed,  ami  the  skip  run*  are  not  yet  in, 
owing  i  i  the  dcluj  •  ■)  several  days  during  the  week,  oc- 
casioned by  the  strike  Sinking  and  drifting  will  he  com- 
menced .i-  Boon  u  this  work  is  completed. 

NEVADA. 
Hydraulic  Mikes. — Union,  Fen.  25:    Mr.  Thomas,  on 

the  "Slide,"  has  secured  from  the  V  Hume,  a  good  head  of 
water,  and  is  running  with  400  inches,  using  one  giant, 
and  piping  until  ten  o'clock  at  night;  in  a  few  duye  will 
Commence  running  night  and  day  as  long  as  there  is  auf- 
Heient  water.  The  bank  is  about  (10  feet  in  bight,  com- 
posed of  soil,  pipe  clay,  containing  seams  of  gravel,  and 
a  flue  blue  gravel  layer  next  to  the  bed  rock.  The  bed- 
rock is  generally  a  soft  blue  slate,  which  picks  easily,  and 
slackens  by  expose  to  the  atmosphere.  When  thiB  bed- 
rock is  washed  clean  of  gravel  the  fine  gold  can  be  seen 
sprinkled  over  it  quite  liberally.  Mr.  Thomas  holds  a 
large  piece  of  this  ground  to  the  north  of  town,  secured 
by  U.  S.  patent,  and  has  lately  increased  Its  area  by  tho 
purchase  of  the  ground  that  belonged  to  the  Dartmouth 
company. 

Watt  Gravel  Mine. -This  has  been  drifted  20  feet  in 
the  east  drift  this  week;  there  is  not  any  change  in  the 
appearance  of  the  drift  since  last  report;  everything  is 
running  as  usual. 

Alaska  Mine.— Tho  hoisting  works  over  the  new  shaft 
are  completed,  ond  the  raising  of  ore  commenced.  No.  1 
level  is  opened  several  hundred  feet,  and  from  this  part  of 
the  mine  the  best  paying  rock  has  always  been  taken. 
The  Alaska-Bullion  combination  shaft  is  down  55  feet  be- 
low the  No.  3  level,  and  (mowing  a  Btrong  ledge  all  the 
way.  A  new  contract  has  been  let  to  sink  the  shaft  30 
feet  deeper,  and  upon  the  completion  of  this  contract  a 
new  level  will  be  turned.  Tho  No.  3  level  is  in  a  good 
quality  of  milling  ore,  and  is  producing  sufficient  to  keep 
eight  stamps  going.  The  ground  on  this  level  works 
easily,  and  rapid  progress  is  made  in  extending  the  drifts. 

The  Pittseuko  Mine.— Transcript,  Feb.  20:  The  mine 
presents  favorably.  The  ledge  in  the  600  north  drift  is 
well  defined,  carrying  a  large  amount  of  sulphurets,  and 
free  gold  being  visible.  The  ore  in  the  700  north  stopes 
is  looking  well.  The  800  north  stopes  are  yielding  good 
ore.  The  ledge  in  the  800  south  Btopes  is  also  doing  and 
yielding  fairly.  Owing  to  the  late  storms  the  water  in 
the  mine  has  very  materially  increased.  The  pumps  are 
doing  fairly  and  will,  no  doubt,  be  able  to  keep  the  mine 
free  from  water. 

PLACER. 

Dutch  Flat  Hydraulic  Mines.—  Herald,  Feb.  22  :  The 
hydraulic  claims  at  Dutch  Flat  have  commenced  running 
for  the  season.  The  Polar  Star  and  Southern  CrosB  are  in 
full  operation.  The  water  iB  taken  from  the  South  Yuba 
ditch.  Between  40  and  50  men  arc  employed.  The  wages 
are  S35  per  month  and  board,  or  $2.10  per  day  without 
hoard.  A  new  Superintendent  has  taken  the  place  of  Mr. 
P.  Colgrove.  Mr.  Samuel  Colgrove.  Mr.  Samuel  Harri- 
man  is  the  sub-Superintendent.  Mr.  Robert  Simmons  is 
the  foreman  of  the  Polar  Star,  and  Mr.  Charles  Hilton,  of 
the  Southem  Cross.  Tho  Franklin,  now  owned  by  a 
company  of  capitalists  of  San  Francisco,  haa  also  com- 
menced work  under  the  management  of  Mr.  James  Taaffe. 
This  claim  also  usob  water  from  the  South  Yuba  ditch. 
Mr.  Lecamp's  claim  has  also  commenced  running.  Some 
half  a  dozen  men  are  employed.  The  wages  of  the  men 
are  S3  per  day  without  board.  The  Central  has  also 
started  up  for  the  present  mining  season.  The  other 
claims  of  the  Cedar  Creek  company  are  not  working,  on 
account  of  law  matters,  not  yet  adjudicated.  The  Jehosa- 
phat  claim  tis  worked  out,  but  the  Baker  claim  paid  well 
during  the  last  mining  season.  There  is  a  rumor  afloat 
that  the  English  Co.  have  sold  out. 

SHASTA- 

CoprER  City.— Reading  Independent,  Feb.  24:  Every- 
thing is  all  right  with  the  Extra  company,  which  was  re- 
ported failed.  The  present  indebtedness  will  bo  paid  in 
full,  and  instead  of  checks,  cash  will  be  paid  hereafter. 
Mr.  Crane  has  everything  in  good  Bhape  to  produce  bul- 
lion. The  mill  is  in  good  running  order,  tho  tramway  is 
completed,  and  a  rich  vein  of  ore  has  been  discovered, 
and  the  creditors  will  all  help  him  out.  The  mill  will  still 
be  run,  and  that  on  a  cash  basis,  and  bullion  will  continue 
to  be  produced  in  even  greater  quantity  than  heretofore. 
That  the  mine  is  rich,  there  can  be  no  doubt,  as  the  ship- 
ment of  over  §100,000  in  bullion  within  a  period  of  six 
months  will  testify,  and  if  the  bullion  is  there,  this  tem- 
porary suspension  cannot  affect  it. 

Items.— A  quartz  mill  is  at  the  depot  for  the  Mad  Ox 
mine,  near  Whiskytown,  owned  by  Messrs.  Hull,  Eickford, 
Grotefend  and  Stroud.  Thus  the  Afterthought  mill  will 
be  ready  for  business  about  tho  1st  of  April. 

SIERRA. 

Savage  Placer.  —  Downieville  Messenger,  Feb.  22: 
Work  is  going  ahead  on  the  tunnel  of  the  Savage  Placer 
Co.  Tliere  is  now  two  feet  of  snow  a*  Downieville  and  it 
is  much  deeper  at  the  mine.  Supt.  Mooney  telegraphs 
that  he  has  not  heard  from  the  mine  for  eight  days.  Ho 
made  Beveral  attempts  to  go  to  it  but  was  unable  to  get 
through.  He  has  sent  a  man  up  on  snow  shoes.  All  is 
no  doubt  going  on  as  usual  at  the  tunnel,  as  the  men 
have  an  abundance  of  provisions  and  supplies  of  all  kinds 
and  are  well  and  comfortably  housed.  At  the  works  there 
are  buildings  with  a  long  shed  leading  to  tho  dump  from 
the  mouth  of  the  tunnel. 

NEVADA. 
WASHOE  DISTRICT. 

Sierra  Nrvaoa.  -Gold  Hill  News,  Feb.  20:  The  work 
of  sinking  the  incline  is  making  all  the  progress  possible 
with  present  facilities.  It  is  38  feet  below  the  2300  level. 
The  face  continues  in  cap  rock.  Tho  north  drift,  2200 
level,  is  still  in  soft,  treacherous  ground  which  needs  to 
be  well  timbered.  The  heat  also  interferes  with  rapid 
progress.  The  face  is,  however,  300  feet  from  the  north 
crosscut,  and  in  good  working  ground.  The  east  shaft 
will  reach  the  2200  level  this  week.  A  sump  will  then  be 
sunk  and  after  that  a  drift  will  be  started  south  to  meet 
the  one  going  north.  Good  progress  is  being  made  in 
pushing  the  upraise  from  the  1700  level  up  to  meet  the 
shaft  of  the  North  Con.  Virginia. 

Gould  &  Curry.—  Crosscut  No.  1  east,  1900  level,  on  the 
Best  &  Belcher  line,  has  been  started  and  is  in  25  feet  in 
hard  porphyry.  Crosscut  No.  3  east,  same  level,  has 
passed  through  a  mixture  of  hard  clay  and  porphyry,  and 
is  now  in  hard  porphyry.  Crosscut  No.  4  west  is  in  vein 
matter  consisting  of  quartz  and  porphyry,  No  work  is 
being  done  in  Nos.  2  and  4  crosscuts  east. 

Utah.— The  new  hoisting  engines  are  now  ready  for 
use,  but  the  cable  for  tho  incline  has  not  yet  arrived.  The 
incline  has  been  carried  down  in  good  ground  328  feet  be- 
low the  1350  level. 

Lady  Bryan.— The  shaft  is  being  continued  on  down 
through  bird's-eye  porphyry  and  quartz;  the  drifts  north 


and  south  on  the  000  lovel  are  also  in  vein  material  giving 
low  assays,  and  the  west  drift  on  the  880  lovel  is  iu  quartz 
and  porphj  rj 

BSBI  Si  BBIiOBBR.     West  crosscut  No.  3,    1900  level,   has 

penetrated  a  lively  looking  vein  formation  ni  feet,  aud 
continues  In  the  same  material 

Ol-lliK  Everything  going  on  again  as  usual.  The 
break  of  las!  Wednesday  has  been  n  paired  and  sinking 
resumed  in  the  main  incline,  which  continues  to  pene- 
trate  porphyry. 

Mi  \k  \v-  The  joim  1'nioii  (.'on,  winze  from  the  1000 
level  is  being  sunk  and  timbered  at  the  rate  of  three  feet 
per  day.  and  iB  now  253  feet,  on  the  slope,  below  the 
level.  The  material  continue*  to  be  bard  blasting  por- 
phyry. 

Jl  BTICS  The  drift  from  the  Alta  to  connect  with  the 
bottom  Ol  the  win/.e  below  the  1300  level  is  making  good 
headway  through  a  kindly  formation  of  vein  matter  con- 
taining narrow  veins  of  rich  ore. 

Leviathan,  v- The  repairs  to  the  main  shaft  are  com- 
pleted and  work  going  ahead  lively  In  the  lateral  drifts, 
both  north  and  south,  on  the  750  level. 

Calikohnia. — The  uppur  levels  of  the  mine  are  yielding 
their  usual  amount  ol  ore,  and  show  no  changes  worthy  of 
note. 

ClfOLLAR-CousnjATlOM  Shaft.—  Fair  progress  is  being 
made  in  sinking,  notwithstanding  the  abundant  flow  of 
water,  which  is  slightly  on  the  increase,  coming  in  from 
the  southwest  corner.  This  is  hoisted  to  the  surface  by 
the  skeets.  The  water  raised  by  tho  pumps  is  all  dis- 
harged  into  the  Sutro  tunnel. 

Savage.  — Last  Thursday  all  prospecting  work  was 
slopped  in  the  mine.  The  last  work  done  was  in  the 
south  lateral  drift  on  the  2100  level  and  from  the  winze. 
This  had  reached  at  that  time  a  distance  of  313  feet.  The 
pumps  are  holding  the  water  40  feet  below  the  2000  level. 

Bklciieu.— Sinking  the  main  incline,  which  was  re- 
sumed last  Thursday,  la  making  excellent  progress,  the 
face  being  75  feet  below  the  2500  station.  The  south 
drifts  on  the  2500  and  2300  levels  are  also  being  rapidly- 
pushed  forward  through  good  working  grouud. 

Silver  Hill.— The  main  incline  continues  to  encountur 
hard  black  rock,  making  progress  Blow.  Tho  east  cross- 
cut, 1100  level,  is  making  rapid  headway  in  a  dry  forma- 
tion of  porphyry  and  clay. 

Julia  Con.— The  pumps  are  running  well  and  the  bail- 
ing tanks  are  alBoin  use.  These  appliances  together  are 
holding  the  water  down.  Preparations  to  turn  this  water 
into  the  Sutro  tunnel  will  hb  completed  Thursday  night 
and  the  whole  of  it  will  be  raised  to  the  1000  by  a  Cameron 
pump  and  discharged  through  the  connection  aa  toon  as 
word  is  received  from  Mr.  Sutro  authorizing  it,  in  accord- 
ance with  the  contract. 

Con.  Virginia.— The  joint  BeBt  &  Belcher  crosscut  west, 
on  the  1950  level,  and  joint  winze,  are  receiving  the  usual 
attention,  the  former  being  in  quartz  and  porphyry  and 
the  latter  in  hard  porphyry.  Tho  C.  &  C,  shaft  is  being 
pushed  on  down  as  rapidly  as  the  hardness  of  the  rock 
and  the  large  amount  of  water  will  permit. 

Ward. — The  new  machinery  will  be  ready  for  operation 
by  the  15th  of  next  month.  The  eaBt  crosscut,  800  level, 
isiu458feet.  the  face  in  bird's-eye  porphyry  with  stringers 
of  quartz.  This  is  being  pushed  to  prospect  the  vein  under- 
lying the  croppings  to  the  cost,  which  it  is  expected  to 
reach  when  in  800  feet. 

North  Con.  Virginia.— The  large  water  tank  below  the 
1000  level  is  in  place  and  all  completed  except  calking.  It 
hflS  feet  long  and  9x8  in  tho  clear.  The  large  and  con- 
venient blacksmith  Bhop  to  the  east  of  the  works  is  fin- 
ished und  iu  use. 

Overman.— The  work  of  sinking  the  O.  &  C.  shaft  is  sus- 
pended to-day  to  put  iu  the  new  steel  skeet,  but  will  bo 
resumed  again  this  evening  aud  will  thereafter  make  five 
feet  per  day. 

Bullion.— The  Combination  Bullion-Exchequer  drift  on 
the  2400  level  is  cutting  soft  vein  porphyry  containing 
stringers  of  quartz  aud  making  good  progress. 

Halb  &  Norc robs.— Very  little  is  being  done  in  the 
mine  except  pumping.  The  water  is  held  32  feet  below 
2000  level.  The  winze  from  the  east  drift  on  this  level  ia 
down  44  feet. 

Con.  Imperial. — A  survey  ia  being  made  for  the  pur- 
pose of  running  a  drift  south  from  the  station  on  the  2600 
level  of  the  old  workings  of  the  Vellow  Jacket. 

Alta.— The  principal  work  on  hand  at  the  present  time 
is  that  of  placing  the  new  double  engine  at  the  head  of 
the  joint  Alta-Benton  winze  from  the  1650  level. 

Union  Con.— The  north  drift,  1450  level,  connecting 
with  Sierra  Nevada,  is  still  being  repaired.  From  the 
1600  level  the  joint  Mexican  winze  is  averaging  three  feet 
perdav,  and  is  now  253  feet  in  depth,  the  bottom  still  in 
hard  blasting  porphyry.  The  flow  of  water  fron.  the  east 
drift  continues  to  decrease. 

Yellow  Jacket.— The  new  shaft  has  been  sunk  10  feet 
btlow  the  22S0  level,  and  a  pump  station  iB  being  cham- 
bered out.  When  this  thing  is  completed  sinking  will  be 
resumed.  Surveys  are  being  made  for  connections  be- 
tween the  2600  level  of  the  Imperial  and  the  2400  level  of 
the  old  works. 

Crown  Point.— The  usual  repairs  to  the  incline,  etc. , 
are  going  on.  The  drift  north  on  the  2500  level  and  from 
the  bottom  of  the  winze  is  still  skirting  the  vein  and  cut- 
ting a  kindly  formation  of  soft  rock  which  admits  of  ex- 
cellent progress.     The  drift  ia  now  in  112  feet. 

Solid  Silver.— The  retimbering  of  the  main  tunnel  in 
the  caved  ground  at  the  north  end  iB  steadily  progressing, 
and  it  is  being  enlarged  for  a  side  track  in  order  to  take 
out  ore  when  the  main  ore  chimney  shall  be  reached  and 
re-opened. 

Caledonia.— Drifting  east  on  the  1600  level  in  hard 
vein  porphyry  and  making  good  progress.  Tho  vertical 
winze  to  the  1900  lovel  is  in  a  soft,  friable  formation  of 
vein  porphyry  and  is  being  sunk  with  all  possible  dis- 
patch. 

Succor.— Sinking  tho  shaft  and  drifting  both  north  and 
south  on  the  1050  level.  The  formation  encountered  in 
both  these  drifts  continues  promising. 

New  York.—  Sinking  tho  incline  below  the  1040  level, 
aa  usual,  and  making  good  progress. 

EUREKA  DISTRICT. 

The  Hamburg.—  Sentinel,  Feb.  25:  Mining  operations 
for  the  past  week  have  progressed  as  usual.  An  upraise  of 
23  feet  at  the  north  end  of  Intermediate  drift  below  260 
level  haa  been  made.  The  600  level,  west  crosscut,  ad- 
vanced 15  feet,  making  a  total  of  135  feet  from  the  south 
drift.  South  drift  from  west  crosscut  advanced  15  feet, 
making  a  total  length  of  71  feet;  face  in  favorable  vein 
matter,  showing  soma  buches  of  good  ore.  The  winze  was 
sunk  13  feet,  making  a  total  depth  below  the  600  level  of 
50  feet,  with  a  considerable  showing  of  iron  in  the 
bottom. 

Charter  Tunnel. —The  suspension  of  this  company  is 
but  temporary,  and  they  are  preparing  for  active  opera- 
tions. Three  specimens  of  ore  from  tho  Tunnel  were  as- 
sayed by  Walter  Brooks  during  the  week,  yielding,  re- 
spectively, S4.70,  $15.71  and  $661.33.  The  company  is 
still  confident  that  ore,  in  paving  quantities,  will  soon  be 
reached.  A  small  amount  of  their  Btock  will  be  placed  on 
the  market  for  the  purpose  of  raising  funds  to  prosecute 
the  work  The  stock  is  unassessable,  and  will  undoubted- 
ly prove  a  good  investment. 

Connolly  Mine.— The  prospects  of  this  company  s  prop- 
erty are  very  flattering,  and  extensive  operations  are  be- 
ing carried  on.  The  principal  mining  is  now  being  dono 
on"  the  500  level,  whore  they  have  a  breast  of  ore  eight  feet 
wide  and  of  high  grade.  ^ 

Eureka  Con.— The  Eureka  Con.  have  completed  their 
shaft  from  the  12th  to  13th  level,  and  are  now  drifting 
north  for  the  mine.  The  upper  levels  continuo  to  look 
well,  and  are  furnishing  the  usual  amount  of  ore.  The 
furnaces  are  running  nicely  and  making  a  largo  quantity 
of  bullion. 

The  Jackson.— The  Jackson  mine  never  looked  more 
promising.  They  are  daily  shipping  to  the  Motamoras 
furnace  about  45  tons  of  ore,  which  averages  $70  per  ton. 
From  the  present  indications  of  the  mine  the  stock  ought, 
to  be  worth  double  its  Belling  price. 

The  Metamoras.— The  Metamoras  furnace  is  running 


[Continued  on  page  140.] 


134 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[March  i,  1879. 


Geodetic  Instruments  of  Precision  at  the 

Paris  Exposition  and  in  European 

Workshops. 

[Read  before  the  California  Academy  of  Sciences,  Feb. 
17th,  1879,  by  Prok.  Georois  Davidson.] 
It  is  a  fact  familiar  to  those  who  have  occasion 
to  make  use  of  instrumental  contrivances,  that 
novel  methods  are  constantly  being  devised  to 
meet  new  requirements  or  to  lessen  existing  de- 
fects. As  the  delicacy  and  importance  of  any 
given  work  is  increased,  the  observer  soon  dis- 
covers sour.ces  of  error  that  bad  not  been  sus- 
pected, and  finds  errors  that  were  veiled  by  the 
disposition  of  the  relative  parts  of  the  instru- 
ments, instruments  of  the  higher  class  are  too 
frequently  at  fault,  but  the  ingenious  observer  is 
soon  led  to  investigate  the  sources  of  trouble, 
and  either  to  obviate  them  or  to  seek  for  the 
best  instruments  suited  to  his  particular  and 
peculiar  duties.  In  the  broadest  view  ot  the 
case  we  must  not  be  confined  to  individuals  or  to 
nationalities,  but  aim  only  to  obtain  the  highesr 
mechanical  design  and  workmanship.  In  the 
progress  of  the  geodetic  work  of  the  United 
States.stretching  from  the  Pacific  to  the  Atlantic, 
and  also  northward  and  southward  along  the 
Pacific  coast,  there  was  furnished  to  me,  among 
other  instruments,  one  theodolite,  of  large  size, 
which  was  subjected  to  the  most  rigid  scrutiny 
to  determine  the  flexure  of  the  pillar  plate,  of 
the  microscope  arms,  and  of  the  telescope;  also, 
the  character  of  the  graduation  of  the  20-inch 
circle,  and  various  other  points  involving  ac- 
curacy. Under  ordinary  circumstances  the  in- 
strument would  have  passed  muster  for  lines  of 
moderate  extent,  but  when  lines  of  100  miles  in 
length  were  involved,  it  was  essential  to  the  in- 
tegrity of  the  undertaking,  that  errors  of  even  a 
second  of  arc  should  be  avoided.  At  the  dis- 
tance of  160  miles  one  second  of  arc  subtends 
four  feet:  a  skilled  observer  can  measure  a  much 
less  quantity  than  one  second,  and  certainly  the 
instrument  should  afford  the  means  of  his  meas- 
uring what  he  can  see. 

Fully  alive  to  the  importance  of  the  subject, 
the  Superintendent  ot  the  U.  S.  Coast  Survey 
had  determined  that  there  should  be  made  a 
careful  examination  and  study  ot  the  instruments 
ot  precision,  exhibited  at  the  Paris  exhibition  for 
geodetic  and  astronomical  work,  topography  and 
hydrography, for  the  telegraphic  determination*!' 
longitude,  etc.  And,  moreover,  that  the  exam- 
ination should  be  extended  to  the  fifst-class 
workshops  of  Europe,  where  instruments  of  this 
character  are  manufactured. 

It  was  desired  to  ascertain,  if  practical.whether 
the  productions  of  European  manufacturers  were 
superior  to  our  own;  wherein  lay  any  superior- 
ity, if  touud  to  exist;  and  in  what  consisted  the 
peculiar  merit  of  the  work  of  any  particular 
manufacturer. 

As  a  mechanician  seeking  merely  the  trade 
secrets  of  the  makers,  I  could  not  have  expected 
to  enter  into  any  sanctum  sanctorum;  but  upon  a 
candid  explanation  of  my  purpose  and  instruc- 
tions, I  found  nearly  every  workshop  opened  to 
me,  and  full  and  free  explanations  made  to  my 
inquiries.  It  would  therefore  be  unjust  to  these 
manufacturers  to  severely  criticise  in  public  the 
character  or  even  the  minor  defects  of  their  in- 
strnments,or  to  make  known  the  methods  of  their 
processes.  These  I  received  for  the  benefit  of 
the  Government,  and  whenever  I  mention  any 
names  b>re,  it  will  be  to  commend  their  work; 
although  many  are  officially  commended  that 
are  not  now  referred  to. 

In  previous  experiments  upon  the  larger  and 
finer  instruments,  I  have  discovered  errors  of 
graduation  and  flexure  of  parts  much  greater 
than  1  had  any  reason  to  suspect;  and  I  believe 
much  greater  and  more  serious  than  the  makers 
had  thought  possible.  This  latter  is  the  more 
readily  understood  when  we  reflect  how  few 
mechanicians  are  actually  observers;  and  that 
it  really  requires  long  practice  for  the  most 
skilled  observer  combined  with  fair  mechanical 
instincts  to  discover  and  measure  the  minute  and 
conflicting  errors  which  are  resultants  of  different 
infinitesimal,and  perhaps  unsuspected  causes.  As 
arule,  the  observer  makes  his  measures  uponob- 
jects  subject  to  many  extraneous  and  disturbing 
causes,  and  whenever  unsatisfactory  results  are 
obtained,  he  is  very  apt  to  attribute  them  to  the 
unfavorable  conditions  of  the  atmosphere  or 
to  his  own  condition  and  temperament  at  the 
time;  generally  overlooking  the  fact  that  the  in- 
strument maker  was  quite  as  liable  as  himself  10 
errors  of  judgment  in  the  proportions  and  work- 
manship of  the  instrument  used. 

Setting  aside  ior  the  present  the  peculiar 
adaptness  and  fitness  of  the  observer  for  his  busi- 
ness, we  are  necessarily  interested  in  the  re- 
quirements of  geodetic  operations  and  especially 
in  the  duties  of  the  instruments  by  which  these 
are  satisfied.  In  all  geodetic  work,  portability, 
accuracy  and  maintenance  ot  instrumental  ad- 
justment are  essential  to  rapidity  of  progress,  to 
economy  of  expenditure  in  money  and  in  per- 
sonnel, and  to  precision  in  the  results.  Experi- 
ence and  theory  teach  us  that  in  any  given  in- 
strument, such  as  a  theodolite  for  geodetic  pur- 
poses, we  need  simplicity  of  design;  fewness  of 
pieces;  harmony  in  the  proportion  of  parts;  ac- 
curacy of  workmanship;superior graduation  with 
adequate  microscope  micrometers;  micrometer 
screws  free  from  mechanical  defects;  commen- 
surate optical  conditions  of  penetration  and 
power;  sensitive  and  trustworthy  levels;  and  the 
highest  precision  in  all  the  bearings  of  the  mov- 
ing parts.  Moreover,  the  general  disposition  of 
the  parts  should  be  such  as  to  offer  the  greatest 
facilities  to  the  observer,  in  order  that  he  may 
make  the  necessary  observations  without  fatigue 
or  nervous  strain. 

Guided  by  these  general  considerations,  I'  ex- 
amined  the  fine   collection  of  geodetic   instru- 


ments exhibited  by  the  Minister  of  War,  many 
of  the  exhibits  of  private  exposants,  and  some 
of  the  workshops  of  the  manufacturers  in  Paris. 
After  this  I  visited  the  principal  manufactories 
of  Geneva,  Neuchatel,  Munich,  Vienna,  Dresden, 
Berlin,  Hamburg.  Cassel,  London  and  York.  At 
the  exposition  I  did  not  have  the  fullest  facilities 
afforded  me,  and  not  only  was  I  unable  to  get 
into  one  of  the  principal  cases,  but  I  was  posi- 
tively forbidden  to  continue  my  drawings; 
whilst  one  well  known  maker  would  not  only 
not  permit  me  to  make  any  lests  of  the  gradua 
tiou  of  his  theodolite,  but  would  not  allow  me 
see  his  graduating  engine.  Outside  of  Paris  I 
was  permitted  to  see  every  graduating  engi"e  of 
the  noted  manufacturers,  and  afforded  facilities 
for  the  examinations  of  their  productions.  But 
on  account  of  the  commercial  depression  which 
was  overshadowing  all  business  in  Europe,  as 
well  as  the  United  States,  the  number  ot  the 
larger  instruments  on  hand  was  very  few.  In 
some  workshops  I  found  that  not  over  20  per 
cent  of  the  usual  number  of  workmen  was  em- 
ployed. 

Besides  the  mechanical  construction  of  the 
instruments,  I  was  particularly  anxious  to  study 
the  capacities  of  the  different  graduating  en- 
gines, in  order  to  judge,  in  a  measure,  of  the 
probable  value  of  the  results.  The  graduating 
engine  is  simply  a  mechanical  tool  with  which  we 
should  expect  to  divide  a  circle  of  say  20  inches 
in  diameter  in  360  parts,with  no  greater  an  error 
than  the  1-50,000  part  of  an  inch  or  4-10  of  a 
second  of  arc  in  any  one  degree.  The  probable 
error  of  an  experienced  observer  in  reading  the 
five  minute  graduations  of  such  an  instrument  is 
abonc  1-10  of  a  second  of  arc,  or  the  1-200.000 
of  an  inch.  It  is  usually  assumed  that  the  grad- 
uation errors  are  not  over  one  second  of  arc, 
and  this  is  what  the  majority  of  instrument 
makers  suppose  or  assert  to  be  their  average 
error  in  each  degree  graduation;  but  I  am  per- 
fectly satisfied  that  even  this  limit  of  accuracy 
is  rarely  if  ever  reached.  As  a  matter  of  fact  I 
failed  to  learn  from  any  manufacturer  that  he 
had  ever  tested  a  theodolite  after  graduation  by 
measuring  every  five  minute  space  on  the  circle, 
or  even  every  degree;  whereas  iu  my  previous 
testings  of  a  20-inch  theodolite  I  had  detected 
diftere nces  of  15  seconds  between  whole  degrees, 
and  errors  of  5,  (i  and  7  seconds  in  contiguous 
five  minute  spaces. 

You  can  readily  understand  the  almost  multi- 
tudinous sources  of  error  against  perfecting  a 
graduating  engine;  and  the  most  skilled  mech 
anicians  find  that  it  requires  persistent  labor 
and  experiment  for  two,  three  or  more  years  to 
approximately  effect  their  purpose.  Yet  until 
we  get  a  reliable  graduation  it  is  futile  to  seek 
for  final  accuracy  in  our  measures;  nevertheless 
all  other  sources  of  error  should  be  reduced  to 
minima,  and  trie  pefection  of  graduation  per- 
sistently attempted.  After  a  graduating  machine 
has  been  made  as  nearly  perfect  as  the  means  and 
skill  of  the  mechanician  can  effect  it,  he  carefully 
measures  the  different  degrees,  tabulates  the 
errors,  and  generally  constructs  an  error  circle 
whose  circumference  is  irregular  in  a  certain 
proportion  to  the  errors  determined.  This  cir- 
cumference is  so  connected  with  the  tangent 
screw  moving  the  graduate  circle  as  to  advance 
or  retard  the  screw  the  exact  amount  of  the  error 
at  any  given  point.  This  is  one  way  of  effecting 
the  necessary  correction,  and  is  mentioned  mere- 
ly to  serve  as  an  illustration;  yet  in  this  method 
it  must  be  evident  that  the  retarding  of  a  screw 
brings  into  operation  any  backlash  that  may 
exist  even  if  it  be  almost  practically  infinites- 
imal. 

Among  the  instrument  makers  I  found  the 
most  positive  and  opposite  views  of  practice; 
for  instance,  one  believes  wholly  in  automatic 
moving  parts  in  the  graduating  engine,  and 
makes  every  effort  to  secure  uniformity  of  tem- 
perature, etc.;  another  scouts  the  automatic 
movement  and  does  everything  by  hand,  with  or 
without  much  attention  to  change  of  tempera- 
ture; one  party  believes  in  a  steel  cutting  tool: 
another  pins  his  faith  upon  his  diamond  cutter, 
etc.  Many  of  the  observers  implicitly  receive 
the  dicta  of  the  instrument  makers,  and  but  few 
make  any  exhaustive  examinations  for  them- 
selves. Among  the  tests  which  had  been  made 
by  the  Chief  of  the  Prussian  Geodetic  Survey, 
between  theodolites  of  a  few  of  the  best  makers, 
there  was  a  very  close  agreement  in  the  prob- 
able error  of  the  systematic  errors,  but  the  prob- 
able error  of  the  irregular  errors  was  only  half 
as  great  for  the  Wanschatf  circles  as  for  the 
others.  Without  here  mentioning  the  names,  I 
may  state  that  from  the  character  of  the  instru- 
ments examined,  I  recommended  the  Superin- 
tendent of  the  Coast  Survey  to  have  circles 
graduated  by  live  of  the  best  makers,  and  test 
them  as  I  had  tested  the  20-inch  theodolite  re- 
ferred to.  For  where  mechanical  still  is  good 
and  apparently  nearly  equal,  it  would  be  vain 
to  attempt  to  decide  by  simple  inspection  or 
upon  a  maker's  reputation,  although  upon  these 
merits  alone  awards  were  made  at  the  exposition. 
After  the  instrument  maker  has  effected  the 
division  of  the  graduating  circle  into  degrees,  the 
sub-division  into  2-minute,  4-minute,  5-minute, 
or  10-minute  spaces  is  sometimes  made  by  ver- 
niers suitably  divided,  but  frequently  the  coinci- 
dence of  the  lines  of  the  vernier  and  the  circle 
is  determined  by  bringing  the  ends  of  the  line-;  to- 
gether, and  judging  by  the  eye  whether  one  is 
truly  a  prolongation  of  the  other.  The  Kepsolds 
certainly  appreciated  this  source  of  error  and  had 
in  a  great  measure  successfully  overcome  it. 
Some  of  the  graduating  engines  examined  had 
been  made  and  iu  use  from  thirty  even  to  fifty 
years;  now  considering  the  great  advance  in 
the  construction  of  instruments  of  precision  in 
that  time,  it  is  hardly  too  much  to  ask  that  this 
special  mechanical  tool  should  be  perfected. 
Of     course      there    are  more    recent      efforts 


but  not  yet  notably  perfected.  It  offers 
to  our  younger  skilled  mechanicians  a 
very  delicate  problem  upon  which  to  try  their 
ingenuity,  skill  and  patience;  with  such  a  tool 
superior  to  those  of  their  competitors,  they  may 
be  assured  of  a  fair  income  lrom  its  work  alone, 
and  an  enviable  reputation. 

Of  the  larger  theodolites  which  I  had  an  op- 
portunity of  examining,  the  best  was  by  Brun- 
ner.  It  combined  fewness  and  simplicity  of 
parts,  and  fair  harmony  of  proportion,  yet  I 
should  certainly  doubt  the  adequacy  of  its  opti- 
cal power  for  long  lines;  it  reads' by  four  ver- 
niers instead  of  three,  involving  more  labor, 
and  less  reading  points  on  the  circle;  whilst 
the  observer  must  be  placed  in  a  constrained 
position  because  the  horizontal  plane  of  the 
elescope  is  only  about  two  inches  above  the 
reading  microscopes.  Moreover,  the  circle  (in- 
stead of  the  whole  instrument,)  is  changed  for 
new  positions  and  clamped  by  three  screws  in 
each  position.  Should  the  surface  planes  of 
contact  be  warned,  this  clamping  would  warp 
the  circle  in  each  new  position  and  thereby  in- 
troduce error.  Tins  method  was  devised  about 
20  years  since,  and  soon  abandoned;  it  is  now 
the  fashion. 

In  the  evident  desire  to  obtain  compactness 
and  simplicity,  the  instrument  is  not  adapted 
to  the  observing  of  azimuths  by  means  of  a 
close  circumpolar  star,  because  the  telescope 
cannot  be  ele.ated.  Instead,  the  transit  instru- 
ment must  replace  the  theodolite  for  that  pin- 
pose,  whereby  the  possibility  of  error  is  intro- 
duced in  occupying  the  identical  station;  and 
even  it  this  be  granted,  the  labor  is  increased 
and  extra  time  consumed. 

Fashions  prevail  among  instrument  makers 
and  observers  just  as  we  find  a  change  of  opin- 
ion upon  tiie  question  of  retractors  aud  reflect- 
ors. At  one  time  it  seemed  as  it»the  prismatic 
telescope  was  to  carry  everything  before  it,  aud 
I  fiud  many  manufacturers  and  observers  yet 
strongly  in  favor  of  that  form.  It  certainly  has 
the  decided  advantage  of  comfort  to  the  obser- 
ver; bin  from  personal  experience,  and  from 
conferring  with  such  observers  as  Plantainour, 
it  seems  that  the  system  necessarily  involves 
"flexure"  or  deformation  of  the  prism,  notwith- 
standing the  numerous  and  ingenious  efforts 
made  to  secure  it  properly  in  position.  Of 
course  some  manufacturers  insist  that  their 
special  methods  of  securing  the  prisms  are  in- 
fallible; but  the  observer  is  the  final  judge  of 
their  failures.  In  the  highest  character  of  work 
I  should  certainly  uot  use  them;  whilst  for  the 
secondary  works  it  seems  hardly  necessary  to 
increase  the  number  and  intricacy  of  the 
parts. 

A  prevailing  fashion  at  present  is  to  introduce 
reversing  apparatus  and  counterpoises,  even  in 
theodolites  with  circles  of  eight  inches  in  di- 
ameter. This  is  as  complete  a  wandering  from 
simplicity  as  can  well  be  imagined,  and.  must 
c<  rtainly  lead  to  grave  errors.  It  is  well  known 
that  by  moving  a  telescope  in  altitude  by  means 
of  the  usual  slow-motion  screw,  the  tendency  is 
to  raise  the  transit  axis  pivots,  but  as  the  weight 
of  the  telescope  is  too  great  to  be  lifted  clear 
ot  the  Y's,  the  pivot  is  moved  up  one  side  of 
the  sloping  Y,  and  the  telescope  thereby  changed 
in  azimuth.  Now,  if  the  weight  of  the  telescope 
be  counterpoised  by  springs,  the  pivot  is  lilted 
still  higher  and  the  resulting  change  in  azimuth 
becomes  greater.  Not  only  that,  but  the  intri- 
cacy of  the  adjustment  thereby  introduced, 
conflicts  very  much  with  the  bearings  ot  the 
vertical  axis.  I  saw  no  form  of  reversing,  that 
should  be  applied  to  any  first  class  theodolite, 
or  to  any  theodolite  which  might  be  used  at  a 
distance  from  the  workshop  of  a  skilled  me- 
chanic. The  same  amount  of  labor  otherwise 
expended  upon  the  same  instrument,  would 
largely  increase  its  value  for  honest  work. 
This  form,  as  well  as  the  prism  telescope,  must 
however  be    demanded    by   observers  or  th< 


plicity  of  parts  in  some  of  the  instru- 
ments on  exhibition  was  astonishing.  I  was 
attracted  by  the  complication  of  an  in- 
strument having  a  circle  of  about  eight  inches 
diameter,  and  although  I  could  see  little  more 
than  one  side  of  the  instrument  I  counted  no 
less  than  93  screws  of  all  kinds,  whilst  others 
seemed  evolved  and  contrived  from  the  inner 
consciousness  of  some  closet  professor. 

In  one  large  combination  instrument  in  the 
exhibition,  there  were,  among  other  curious  fea- 
tures, two  small  lamps  for  illuminating  the  hor- 
izontal circle  under  the  three  microscopes;  one 
for  the  telescope,  and  one  for  reading  the  level 
and  the  two  microscopes  for  the  vertical  circle, 
together  with  a  multiplicity  of  mirrors  to  reflect 
the  lights.  No  matter  howsoever  small  the  heat 
ot  the  flames  might  be,  here  was  the  introduc- 
tion of  souces  of  error  that  would  tend  to  com- 
plicate and  mask  the  other  defects  of  the  instru- 
ment. 

I  had  the  opportunity  of  studying  many  of  the 
recent  and  varied  forms  of  portable  transit  in- 
struments. Some  there  were  that  never  should 
have  been  permitted  to  leave  a  workshop;  others 
aiming  at  great  stability  by  the  use  of  very  heavy 
cast-iron  stands,  yet  introducing  an  element  of 
error  in  having  their  adjustments  for  level  and 
azimuth  at  the  base.  This  seems  very  much 
like  erecting  a  great  solid  building  upon  a  mov- 
able foundation.  It  is  granted  that  iu  the  usual 
form  of  movable  Y's  for  the  adjustment  of  the 
transit  axis  level  and  of  azimuth,  two  fertile 
sources  of  error  exist,  but  many  years  since  I 
readily  and  successfully  overcame  the  difficulty 
by  tightly  clamping  either  movable  Y  after  the 
last  mechanical  correction  has  been  made  to  the 
adjustments.  Troughton  and  Simms  have  in 
part  since  used  a  similar  application.  The 
frames  of  the  later  Coast  Survey  transit  instru- 
ments are  emphatically  portable  from  their  form 
and  weight  of  metal;  their  telescopes  have  gen- 
erally greater  light-collecting  power  than  the 
portable  transits  examined,  whilst  the  character 
of  the  results  is  fully  established  by  the  rigorous 
method  of  discussing  them.  By  the  adoption  of 
four  foot-screws  I  have  secured  remarkable»firm- 
ness;  whilst  the  double  frame  gives  not  only 
great  facilities  for  preliminary  adjustments  in 
the  meridian,  but  enables  the  transit 
to  be  used  for  a  latitude  instrument  by 
the  Talcot  method.  Some  of  the  porta- 
ble transits  in  Europe  hardly  bear  out  that 
character,  and  would  not  be  adopted  in  the 
mountains  where  our  geodetic  work  is  being 
carried;  it  was  very  evident  that  cast-iron  was 
cheap,  transportation  easy,  and  time  no  object. 
And  I  found  severer  criticisms  than  mine  passed 
upon  particular  instruments  (designed  for  great 
surveys)  by  some  whose  opinions  have  much 
weight  in  the  geodetic  world;  whilst  one  well 
known  observer  confessed,  that  were  be  to  de- 
sign a  new  instrument  it  would  not  have  the 
form  of  that  which  he  had  planned,  constructed 
and  already  used. 

Although  I  made  few  efforts  to  examine  the 
manufacture  of  lenses  for  telescopes  aud  micro- 
scopes, those  which  I  did  see  were  generally  of 
superior  character'  I  was  very  much  impressed 
with  the  thorough  skill  and  knowledge  of 
Shroeder,  of  Hamburg,  who  was  making  the 
lenses  for  the  15-inch  equatorial  of  the  new 
Potsdam  observatory.  An  examination  of  some 
of  his  smaller  instruments  revealed  marvelous 
precision  of  fignre,  whilst  his  means  of  testing 
the  curvature  of  the  lens  was  beyond  anything 
I  had  seen  or  known.  The  computations  for  the 
curvatures  of  the  lenses  are  very  elaborate  and 
exhaustive. 

Without  going  into  details  of  telegraphic 
longitude  apparatus,  electrical  clocks  and 
chronometers,  etc.,  I  may  mention  that  I 
examined  the  base  apparatus  ol  Bruuner.  being 
constructed  for  the  Spanish  Geodetic  Survey; 
and  had  the  greatest  pleasure  in  examining  the 
original  base  apparatus  of  Bessel  in  the  Prussian 


makers  would  hardly  continue  their  manufacture,    geodetic  office.    The  Bruuner  apparatus  aims  at 


Another  fashion  that  seems  to  prevail  is  the 
use  of  microscope  micrometers  upon  small  theo- 
dolites of  eight  inches  diameter,andevon  in  some 
cases  of  only  six  inches.  These  microscope 
micrometers  read  the  circle  to  one  or  to  two 
seconds;  but  in  every  such  case  the  telescopic 
power  and  the  transit  axis  level  were  vastly  in- 
ferior to  such  delicacy,  and  therefore  the  con- 
tradiction existed  that  the  instrument  maker  ex- 
pected the  observer  to  measure  what  he  could 
not  see.  In  fact,  I  think  H  may  be  safely  asserted 
as  a  rule  that  the  telescopic  power  of  all  the  in- 
struments examined  was  inferior  to  the  other 
parts. 

And  still  another  fashion  is  iu  the  use  of  the 
universal  or  Altazimuth  instrument.  The  com- 
bination of  two  or  more  instruments  for  differ- 
ent purposes  into  one  instrument  for  all  the  re- 
quired purposes  is  difficult  and  doubtful  even 
in  machines  of  industry;  but  when  every  new 
piece  and  movement  introduces  a  fresh  source 
of  error  into  a  delicate  instrument  where  the 
constant  study  should  be  really  to  decrease  them, 
the  combination  must  be  clearly  shown  not  only 
to  possess  freedom  from  additional  errors,  but 
to  give  better  results  or  as  good  results  as  two 
different  and  separate  instruments  at  less  cost  of 
construction,  less  weight  for  transportation  and 
mounting,  ami  greater  rapidity  ol  manipulation. 
For  Certain  classes  ot  work,  the  universal  in- 
strument has,  without  doubt,  some  decided  ad- 
vantages; but  for  such  work  as  is  demanded  in 
the  primary  aud  main  triangulation  of  the 
United  States  they  are  essentially  uusuited.  Nor 
would  our  surveys  willingly  adopt  the  eccen- 
trically placed  telescopes  of  the  theodolites  used 
in  the  Prussian  Geodetic  Survey,  although  the 
character  ot  that  wtrk  stands  very  high;  if  any 
series  of  observation  is  broken  it  cannot  be  util- 
ized without  extra  calculation;  and  a  loss  of 
time    means  a  loss  of    money.      The    multi- 


file simplicity  of  the  Borda  thermometer,  and  is 
therefore  composed  of  two  four-meter  bars  of 
different  metals,  having  largely  different  co- 
efficients of  expansion.  The  lower  bar  is  pla- 
tinum; immediately  above  it  is  the  bra=s  bar  of 
the  .same  cross  section.  At  one  extremity  of  the 
compound,  or  rather  composite  bar,  the  two  bars 
are  joined,  but  are  free  towards  the  other  ex- 
tremity. At  the  free  ends  the  upper  bar  has  a 
slot  in  it  that  receives  a  piece  soldered  to  the 
lower  bar,  whereby  the  upper  surface  of  this 
piece  i'b  flush  with  the  upper  surface  of  the  brass 
bar.  Upon  one  is  cut  a  series  of  graduated 
lines;  upon  the  other  a  vernier.  When  the  bars 
expand  or  contract  through  increase  or  decrease 
of  temperature  they  do  so  unequally,  and  the 
difference  of  thatchange  is  read  and  is  determined 
by  the  scale  and  vernier. 

The  base  bars  of  Bessel  are  four  in  number, 
and  each  composite  bar  is  formed  of  two  bars  of 
different  metals  of  different  rates  of  expansion 
for  equal  increments  of  heat.  In  this  case  the 
lower  bar  is  iron  and  the  upper  is  zinc.  One  end 
of  each  system  is  formed  by  the  junction  of  the 
two  bars,  and  thence  the  bars  are  free.  Instead 
of  a  scale  upon  one  and  a  vernier  upon  the 
other,  the  zinc  bar  terminates  close  to  a  small 
projection  upon  the  upper  surface  of  the  iron 
bar,  and  the  difference  of  expansion  was  meas- 
ured by  the  insertion  of  long  graduated  wedges 
ot  glass  in  the  space  between  the  end  of  the  zinc 
bar  and  the  irou  stud. 

Either  of  these  forms  of  apparatus  has  great 
merit  in  the  extreme  simplicity  of  the  form  and 
fewness  of  parts,  and  it  appears  to  me  that  with 
thorough  skill  in  the  observer,  accuracy  of  com- 
parison with  the  given  standard  bar,  simplicity 
and  stability  of  the  supports,  and  the  proper 
means  of  effecting  the  contacts,  the  method  is 
susceptible  of  great  accuracy.  But  I  was  very 
far  from  being  satisfied  with  the  character  of  the 


March  i,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


135 


supports  and  the  methods  and  appliances  of 
measurement.  These,  however,  I  discuss  fully 
Id  mv  official  report  to  the  Superintendent  ol 
ib«*  Coast  Survey 

Without  detaining  the  attention  of  tin-  Acad- 
emy any  longer,  I  may  mention,  in  brief,  the 
general  conclusion  to  which  I  arrived.  While  I 
aan  much  ol  deep  interest,  there  was  no  single 
instrument  that  I  would  unreservedly  recom- 
mend for  adoption  in  its  entirety.  What  i  prin- 
fllpally  learned  was  really  wluU  not 
And  while  I  awarding  high  credit  to  the  Instru- 
ment makers  of  Europe,   and   keenly  alive   to 

lurtesy,  I  am  convinced  that  we  do  nut 
need  to  go  to  E  irope  for  geodetic  Instrument*, 
although  we  should  possess  copies  ol  their  fines! 
efforts  tor  comparison  with  our  own.  With  our 
own  observers  and  mechanicians  working  in 
harmony  and  striving  to  attuio  the  highest  ex- 
cellence, 1  firmly  believe  tLut  we  are  fully  com 
potent  to  lead  in  this  scientific  effort.  Both 
parties  fully  appreciate  the  fundamental  requi 
sites  to  success,  and  1 1* *_•  character  ol  the  geodetic 

i  the  United  Stale-;  demands  thai  the  me- 
obaolcal  means  shall  be  adequate  to  the  delicate 
manipulation  and  requirements  of  the  mosl  skill* 
tni  ooseri era. 


The  Cone-bearers,  or  Evergreen  Trees  of 
California,— No.  6. 

[Written  for  the  Passs  by  J.  0.  Lkmmon.] 

Juniper,  Yew,  Nutmegr  and  Joint-Stem. 

Tribe  III.  (Last  tribe  of  the  first  great  or- 
der oi  Pinacea}),  improperly  called  "red  cedar'' 
at  the  East.  Juniperea^  Juniper  family.  A 
large  and  distinct  family  of  very  slow  growing 
trees,  forming  but  one  genus  in  all  the  world. 
Fruit  a  consolidated  cone  or  closed  berry, 
called,  scientifically,  a  gaUruhw,  not  opening  at 
maturity;  leaves  acicular  (needle-shaped)  or 
scale  like,  opposite  or  in  whorls  of  threea, 
closely  imbricated;  pith  of  the  limbs  very  eccen- 
tric, i.  e.,  the  limbs  take  ou  material  from  one 
side. 

Only  genus  Junxperuat  from  juvehus,  a  child, 
and  pario,  to  prevent;  the  berries  from  time 
immemorial  have  been  used  to  procure  abor- 
tion; two  species  and  one  marked  variety  of  an- 
other species  in  California. 

1.  Jimiperus  QCtidertiaHs,  Hook.  ''Western 
juniper,"  a  decrepit  tree,  sparsely  found  on  the 
eastern  slopes  of  the  .Sierra,  generally  only  a 
few  feet  high,  however  large  at  base,  but  in 
Oregon  forming  trees  of  the  largest  size  and  of 
symmetrical  proportions.  Berries  small,  bluish 
black,  pulpy,  very  resinous;  leaves  in  threes,  or 
often  in  pairs. 

2.  Jtmiptrua  CiiU/ornica,  Carriere.  "Califor- 
nia juniper."  a  stout,  many-branched  shrub, 
or  occasionally  a  small  tree  Hi  to  20  feet  high, 
sparsely  found  from  Mount  Diablo  southward, 
on  dry  mountain  slopes.  Berries  larger,  one- 
half  inch  long,  reddish-glaucous,  sweetish,  used 
by  southern  Indians  for  food;  leaves  nearly 
always  in  threes. 

3.  Juniperue  Sabina,  L,  variety,  procumbens, 
Pursh,  "Hock  juniper" — "Creeping  juniper." 
A  prostrate,  creeping  shrub,  carpeting  dry  rocky 
ridges  in  certain  few  localities  in  the  Sierra; 
berries  small,  resinous;  leaves  in  pairs  of  two 
sorts;  on  sterile  plants,  acerose,  one-half  inch 
long;  on  fertile  ones,  simple,  oppressed  scales. 
This  genus  ends  the  great  order  of  Pinacea:, 
comprising  the  most  of  our  conifers.  The  three 
other  orders,  being  only  sparsely  represented 
here,  one  of  them  not  at  all,  will  require  but 
little   space  for  description. 

Order  II.— Taxacese.  Yew  Family. 

A  small  order  of  slow-growing,  heavy-scented 
trees,  chiefly  found  in  northern  Europe  and 
Asia.  Fruit  with  cone  characters  nearly  oblit- 
erated, more  or  less  drupe-like,  resembling  a 
plum,  containing  but  one  seed,  naked  above; 
leaves  two-ranked,  lanceolate,  acute.  All  parts 
of  the  tree  exhaling  a  disagreeable  odor.  Two 
genera,  each  with  one  species,  in  California. 
First  genus  Taxus,  Gr.  taxon,  a  bow,  anciently 
used  in  archery.  "Yew  Tree."  Fruit  shaped 
like  an  acorn  cup,  becoming  a  pulpy  dish,  hold- 
ing a  small  upright  seed. 

Taxus  brevifotia,  Nutt.  "California  yew." 
A  small  tree  of  limited  localities  in  the  Sierra, 
becoming  larger  in  the  Cascade  mountains  of 
Oregon,  Fruit  very  small,  one-quarter  inch 
across,  viscid,  edible;  leaves  dark  green,  on 
short  foot-stalks;  timber  hard  and  heavy.  The 
twigs  of  this  yew  are  supposed  to  be  poisonous 
to  stock;  will  some  reader  having  knowledge  of 
the  trees  please  report  ? 

False  Nutmeg  Tree, 

Second  genus  Torreya.  A  commemorative 
genus,  dedicated  to  John  Torrey,  the  most  dis- 
tinguished of  American  botanists.  Fruit,  a  large 
closed  berry,  resembling  a  nutmeg.  This  is  a 
small  genus  of  only  four  known  species,  but, 
curiously  enough,  they  are  scattered  at  nearly 
equal  distances  around  the  northern  hemisphere, 
and  found  always  in  company  with  a  solitary 
species  of  Taxodiw,  the  latter  either  living  or 
fossil. 

Torreya  Californica,  Torr.  "California  nut- 
meg," A  beautiful  tree,  40  to  GO  feet  high, 
found  accompanying  the  redwood  of  the  coast 
and  the  big  tree  of  the  Sierra.  Fruit,  rugose, 
wrinkled,  one  to  one  and  a  half  iuches  long, 
resembling  a  nutmeg,  but  having  none  of  its 
qualities  ;  leaves  two  to  three  inches  long,  dark 
green,  decurrent  and  very  sharp  pointed. 
Order  III.— Gnetaceee,  Joint-Stem  Family. 
A    very    small    order    of     shrubby    plants, 


excluded  from  the  conifers  by  most  writers  and 
having  scarcely  any  outward  resemblance  to 
'  of  the  class  of  gymnos perms,  being 
jointed  like  the  horse-tail  or  scouring  rush,  auu 
often  with  net-veined  loaves,  both  characters 
connecting  this  class  with  the  endogena  below 
it,  but  its  naked  seeds  in  a  scaly  cone,  and  its 
resinous  juice,  oompel  \U  classification  with  the 
gymnosperma,  shrubby,  desert-loving  plants, 
mostly  confined  to  the  arid  plains  of  Ania.  One 
genus  oi  two  species  in  the  Great  Basin,  and 
barely  reaching  the  limits  of  our  State. 

Tho  generic  name  Ephedra  is  the  Latin  for 
horse-tail,  the  common  Bconring  rnsh. 

1.  ESphedra  antfayphUUica !    "Washoe 

joint-stem."  Pound  nn  the  eastern  foothills  of 
the  Sierra.  ^  oung  stems  slender,  straw-col- 
ored, in  faeicles  of  more  than  three;  coues 
ovate,  one-half  inch  long;  leaves  few,  small, 
papery. 

2.  Ephedra    trifurca, !      "  <  lolorado 

joint-stem."  A  similar  bush  of  the  Mohave 
and  Colorado  desert,  but  with  stems,  leaves  and 
cones  always  in  whorls  of  threes. 

This  species  concludes  the  description  of  all 
tho  gymnosperms  indigenous  to  California,  no 
representative  of  the  curious  fourth  order, 
Oycadacca,  is  found  growing  north  of  the  trop- 
ica, except  in  greenhouses. 

Readers  familiar  with  the  Eastern  forests  and 
witli  the  scientific  names  of  the  trees,  will  no- 
tice the  absence  of  all  the  conifers  of  that  re- 
gion, some  of  them  so  distributed  and  adapting 
themselves  to  such  different  circumstances  that 
you  think  they  might  grow  here.  Other  read- 
ers may  be  misled  because  we  call  some  of  our 
trees,  colloquially,  by  the  same  names  as  others 
of  the  East.  They  are  very  distinct,  however, 
It  is  resemblance,  not  identity  of  species.  And 
here  recurs  the  often-enjoined  lesson,  that  sci- 
entific names  are  the  only  ones  that  really  dis- 
tinguish. The  vernacular  of  all  countries  is  lim- 
ited, crude  and  conflicting.  We  have  notaniden- 
tical  species  of  the  nine  Eastern  pines — White, 
Broom,  Loblolly,  Pitch,  Yellow,  Southern, 
Jersey,  Red  and  Scrub.  Not  one  of  their  six 
spruces  and  firs— Hemlock,  White,  Black  and 
Norway  spruce,  and  Fir  and  Double  Balsam, 
Neither  of  their  tamaracks  (nor  any  other  true 
ones).  We  have  not  the  same  species  of  arbor 
vita;,  cypress,  redwood,  juniper,  yew,  nor 
nutmeg. 

Ours  is  a  peculiar  climate  and  soil,  and  their 
productions  correspond,  and  in  nothing  more 
strikingly  and  beautifully,  than  in  our  moun- 
tain forests  of  cone-bearers. 

And  now  if  I  have  aided  my  California  read- 
ers in  better  questioning  and  knowing  the  trees 
of  our  noble  forests,  I  am  satisfied  with  the 
travel,  research,  study,  time,  labor  and  sta- 
tionery it  has  cost. 

[Concluded.  ] 


OsEflJL     IflfO^^Jt©^ 


Hints  for  House-Cleaners. 

We  give  below  a  few  hints  which  may  prove 
useful  to  housekeepers: 

Soot  falling  on  the  carpet  from  open  chim- 
neys, or  from  carelessly  handled  stove  pipes,  if 
covered  thickly  with  salt,  can  be  brushed  up 
without  damage  to  the  carpet. 

A  little  spirits  of  turpentine  added  to  the 
water  with  which  floors  are  washed,  will  pre- 
vent the  ravages  of  moths. 

When  carpets  are  well  cleaned,  sprinkle  with 
salt  and  fold  when  laid,  strew  with  slightly 
moistened  bran  before  sweeping;  this,  with  the 
salt,  will  freshen  them  wonderfully. 

Fuller's  earth,  mixed  to  a  stiff  paste  with 
cold  water,  spread  on  the  carpet,  and  covered 
with  brown  paper,  will,  in  a  day  or  two,  remove 
grease  spots;  a  second  application  may  be  neces- 
sary. 

Spirits  of  ammonia,  diluted  with  water,  if 
applied  with  a  sponge  or  flannel  cloth  to  dis- 
colored spots  in  carpets  or  garments,  will  often 
restore  the  color. 

A  paste  made  of  whiting  and  benzine  will 
clean  marble,  and  one  made  of  whiting  and 
chloride  of  soda,  spread  and  left  to  dry  (in  the 
sun  if  possible)  on  the  marble,  will  remove 
spots. 

Paint,  splashed  upon  window-glass,  can  be 
easily  removed  by  a  hot  solution  of  soda. 

Use  kerosene  and  brick-bath  or  lime,  to  scour 
zinc,  tin  or  copper;  wash  in  hot  suds,  and  polish 
with  dry  whiting. 

To  give  glass  great  brilliancy,  wash  with  a 
damp  sponge  dipped  in  spirits,  then  dust  with 
powdered  blue  or  whiting,  tied  in  a  thin  muslin 
bag,  and  polish  with  chamois  cloth. 

A  flannel  cloth  dipped  in  warm  soapsuds,  then 
into  whiting,  and  applied  to  paint,  will  instant- 
ly remove  all  grease  and  dirt.  Wash  with  clean 
water,  then  dry;  the  most  delicate  paint  will 
not  be  injured,  and  will  look  like  new. 

One  pound  of  copperas  dissolved  in  one  quart 
of  boiling  water  will  destroy  foul  smells. 

Powdered  borax  scattered  in  their  haunts  will 
disperse  cockroaches. 

Plaster  of  Paris  mixed  with  gum  arabic  water 
makes  an  excellent  white  cement,  but  must  be 
used  immediately,  as  it  hardens  quickly.  A 
mixture  of  five  parts  gelatine  to  one  of  acid 
chromate  of  lime,  applied  to  broken  edges,  which 
should  be  pressed  together  and  exposed  to  the 
sunlight,  makes  an  insoluble  cemeut. 

To  whiten  walls,  scrape  off  all  old  whitewash, 

and  wash    the   walls    with  a  solution  of  two 

ounces  of  white  vitriol  to  four  gallons  of  water. 

I  Soak    a  quarter  of  a   pound  of  whit©  glue  in 


water  for  12  hours;  drain  and  place  in  a  tin 
pail,  cover  with  fresh  water,  and  set  the  pail  in 
a  kettle  of  boiling  water.  When  melted,  stir 
into  the  glue  eight  pounds  of  whiting,  and 
water  enough  to  make  a  mixture  as  thick  as 
common  whitewash.  Apply  evenly  with  agood 
brush;  if  the  walls  are  very  yellow,  blue  the 
water  slightly  by  squeezing  in  it  a   flannel    bag 

ntaining  some  powdered  blue. 

To  clean  matting,  wash  with  a  solution  of  one 
pint  of  salt  to  four  gallons  of  water,  and  wipe 
dry  immediately. 

To  clean  oilcloths,  wash  always  with  warm 
milk.  Onoe  in  six  mouths  scrub  with  hot  soap- 
suds, dry  thoroughly,  and  apply  a  coat  of  var- 
tish.     The*)  will  last  as   long  again. 

A  little  Kerosene  added  to  stove-polish  im- 
proves the  luster.  Apply  while  the  iron  is 
warm. 

To  remove  spots  from  furniture  take  four 
ounces  of  vinegar,  two  of  sweet  oil,  and  one  of 
turpentine;  mix  and  apply  with  a  flannel  cloth. 

Gum  camphor  wrapped  in  paper  and  laid 
around  sugar  barrels  will  disperse  ants. 

COLORING:  Metals. — A  foreign  paper  gives 
the  following:  Metals  may  bo  rapidly  colored 
by  covering  their  Burfacc  with  a  thin  layer  of 
sulphuric  acid.  According  to  the  thickness  of 
the  layer  and  the  duration  of  its  action  there 
may  be  obtained  tints  of  gold,  copper,  carmine, 
chestnut  brown,  clear  aniline  blue,  and  reddish 
white.  These  tints  arc  all  brilliant,  and  if  care 
be  taken  to  scour  the  metallic  objects  before 
treating  them  with  the  acid,  the  coloring  will 
suffer  nothing  from  the  polishing.  On  making 
a  solution  of  640  grains  of  lead  acetate  in  3,450 
grains  of  water  and  warming  the  mixture  to  88° 
or  90°,  it  decomposes  and  gives  a  precipitate  of 
sulphuret  of  lead  in  black  Hakes.  If  a  metallic 
object  be  immersed  in  the  bath,  the  precipitate 
is  deposited  upon  it,  and  the  color  produced  will 
depend  on  the  .thickness  of  the  deposit.  Care 
must  be  taken  to  warm  the  objects  to  be  treated 
gradually,  so  that  the  coloration  may  be  uni- 
form. Iron  treated  in  this  way  has  the  aspect 
of  bluish  steel;  zinc,  on  the  contrary,  becomes 
brown.  On  using  an  equal  quantity  of  sulphuric 
acid  instead  of  lead  acetate,  and  warming  a  little 
more  than  in  the  first  case,  common  bronze  may 
be  colored  of  a  magnificent  red  or  green,  which 
is  very  durable.  Very  beautiful  imitations  of 
marble  may  be  obtained  by  covering  the  bronze 
objects  warmed  up  to  100°,  with  a  solution  of 
lead  thickened  with  gum  tragzlfcanth,  and  after- 
wards submitting  them  to  the  action  of  the  pre- 
cipitate spoken  of  above. 


Importance  of  Cool-Grindino  of  Flour. — 
Mitcherlich  And  Crocker  have  shown  that  wheat 
in  which  sugar  was  proved  to  be  absent  before 
sending  it  to  the  mill,  yielded,  after  being 
ground,  four  per  cent,  of  it.  Starch  was  thus 
transformed  into  sugar,  which  could  not  be  done 
otherwise  than  through  the  internal  action  of 
the  gluten  aided  by  superabundant  moisture. 
The  mutual  action  of  the  gluten  and  the  natural 
moisture  of  the  flour  seem  often  capable,  at 
common  temperatures,  of  slowly  bringing  about 
this  injurious  change.  But  when  the  flour  comes 
out  hot  from  the  stones  and  is  left  to  cool  grad- 
ually in  large  heaps,  decomposition  quickly  sets 
in,  starch  is  changed  to  sugar,  and  (when  kept 
warm  long  enough)  the  sugar  into  alcohol,  while 
if  the  temperature  is  continued  long  enough 
above  60°  Fahr.,  it  advances  rapidly  to  the 
souring  stage.  These  facts  form  a  strong  argu- 
ment in  favor  of  cool  grinding. 


Poisonous  Colors. — According  to  the  Chem- 
ical Review,  energetic  steps  are  being  taken  in 
Switzerland  against  the  use  of  poisonous  colors. 
The  Governing  Council  of  Zurich  has  prohibited 
the  use  of  all  coloring  matters  prepared  from 
the  compounds  of  the  metals  lead,  arsenic,  cop- 
per, chrome,  zinc,  antimony,  bismuth  and  mer- 
cury, for  decorating  articles  ot  consumxjtion  or 
of  clothing,  or  their  materials ;  also  paper  for 
wrapping  up  chocolate,  coffee,  tea,  chiccory, 
tobacco  and  eatables  in  general ;  toys,  covers 
and  cushions  of  children's  carriages,  carpets, 
curtains  and  window  blinds,  lamp  screens, 
wafers,  and  table  services.  Poisonous  organic 
matters,  such  as  gamboge,  picric  acid,  the  ani- 
line colors,  especially  magenta,  are  not  to  be 
used  for  coloring  articles  of  food  or  drink,  such 
as  confectionery,  jams,  syrups,  wines,  etc.  The 
same  rule  applies  to  the  phenol  colors.  Im- 
ported articles  containing  such  poisons  may  not 
be  sold. 


Immense  Photographs. — At  a  recent  meet- 
ing of  the  Berlin  Association  for  the  Promotion 
of  Photography  there  were  exhibited  some  re- 
markable photographic  pictures  taken  by  Herr 
Holtermann,  of  Sydney,  Australia,  and  which, 
in  point  of  size,  probably  far  exceed  anything 
thus  far  accomplished  in  the  art.  They  were 
mounted  on  an  endless  band  of  paper,  strength- 
ened by  linen,  and  were  nearly  100  feet  in 
length.  Among  them  were  two  colossal  pano- 
ramas of  the  cities  of  Sydney  and  Melbourne, 
each  made  up  of  about  a  dozen  sheets,  and  very 
skillfully  joined  (together,"  the  separate  pieces 
harmonizing  perfectly  in  tone  and  depth.  One 
picture  of  the  list,  and  which  had  obviously 
been  printed  from  a  single  negative,  was  about 
five  by  three  feet  in  size. 

To  Chill  Cast  Iron  Very  Hard.— Use  a 
liquid  made  as  follows:  Soft  water,  10  gallons  ; 
salt,  one  peck  ;  oil  vitriol,  one-half  pint ;  salt- 
peter, one-half  pound;  prussiate  of  potash,  one- 
quarter  pound ;  cyanide  of  potash,  one-half 
pound.  Heat  the  iron  a  cherry-red  and  dip  as 
usual,  and  if  wanted  harder,  repeat  the  process. 


QoOD     Hea\LJ4- 


Some  Hints  in  Regard  to  Diet 

In  I>r.  Hall's  Journal  <•/}{>. ilth,  a  few  years 
ago,  the  following  statement  of  the  amount  of 
nutriment  in  various  articles  ol  food  was  given: 

"Ilaw  apples,  10;Cl;  boiled  beans,  s7  ; 
roasted  beef,  26%;  baked  bread,  80%;  butter, 
96  J ;  boiled  cabbage,  7%;  raw  cucumbers,  2  ,; 
boiled  fish,  20  ;  fresh  milk,  7  ,;  roasted  mut- 
ton, :>u  ;  roasted  pork,  24  '.;  roasted  poultry, 
27  .:  boiled  potatoes,  l.'i  ;  boiled"  rice,  88%; 
sugar,  ".Ml  ;  boiled  turnips,  4  ,;  roasted  veal, 
22    ;  and  boiled  venison,  22%." 

I'lom  this  statement  of  Dr.  Hall's  a  corre- 
spondent of  the  New  York  Sun  makes  the  fol- 
lowing deductions: 

"The  cheapest  articles  of  food,  except  butter, 
are  the  most  nourishing.  A  pint  of  white 
beans,  costing  a  few  cents,  contain  the  same 
amount  of  nutriment  as  3£  pounds  of  prime 
roasting  beef,  which  is  12  times  as  expensive. 
Furthermore,  a  pound  of  Indian  meal  will  go  as 
far  as  a  pound  of  fine  Hour." 

In  alluding  to  the  above,  the  Boston  Journal 
of  Chemistry  says: 

"We  call  it  a  loose  statement,  and  bo  are  all 
the  statements  made  in  various  books  in  regard 
to  the  comparative  nourishing  qualities  of  va- 
rious kinds  of  food,  as  they  are  all  based  on 
some  false  premise;  some,  for  instance,  on  the 
percentage  of  nitrogen  in  the  food,  others  on  the 
amount  of  water  in  it,  etc.  The  result  is  an 
erroneous  comparison,  and  the  deductions 
drawn  must  be  false.  Thus  in  the  above  table, 
sugar  is  9G%,  and  turnips  4%,  making  24  pounds 
of  turnips  equivalent  to  1  pound  of  sugar;  rice 
88%,  and  roasted  beef  26%I  making  1  pound  of 
roasted  beef  not  much  more  nourishing  than  4 
ounces  of  boiled  rice.  The  whole  assertion  is 
simply  absurd  and  the  table  wortidess,  as  every 
one  will  maintain  who  properly  attends  to  the 
duty  of  selecting  his  food  judiciously  in  regard 
to  the  wants  he  feels. 

"We  deliberately  call  it  a  duty  to  be  careful 
in  selecting  our  food;  we  even  go  further,  and 
call  it  a  crime  not  to  feed  well,  or  to  be  negli- 
gent in  our  selection,  eating  or  drinking  things 
we  dislike,  or,  what  is  worse  than  all,  eating 
when  we  have  no  appetite,  Bimply  because  it  is 
time  for  meals." 

In  speaking  of  a  corn  diet  the  same  paper  re- 
marks: 

"Very  few  constitutions  can  stand  a  corn 
diet.  In  most  cases  corn  has  a  tendency  to 
sour  on  the  stomach,  and  by  its  continued  use, 
chronic  dyspepsia  and  premature  death  results. 

"Man,  and  especially  civilized  man,  needs  a 
variety  of  food.  The  man  who  does  a  great 
deal  of  brain  work  requires  different  food  than 
the  man  who  only  works  with  his  muscles,  as 
the  one  consumes  more  nervous  material,  and 
the  other  more  muscular;  and  as  different  as 
the  chemical  composition  of  the  brain  and 
nerves  is  from  that  of  the  muscles,  equally  dif- 
ferent must  be  the  character  of  the  food  needed 
to  supply  the  waste. " 


Carbolate  of  Soda  for  Whooping  Cough. 

Dr.  Pernot  describes  in  the  Lyons  Medical 
Record  a  very  successful  treatment  of  whooping 
cough  with  carbolate  of  soda.  He  places  the 
carbolate  of  soda  in  a  small  porcelain  crucible 
held  above  the  flame  of  a  spirit  lamp,  which 
keeps  it  in  an  unvarying  temperature  as  long  as 
wished.  As  the  carbolate  of  soda  becomes  vo- 
latilized, the  atmosphere  of  the  sick  room  is 
impregnated  with  the  vapor  of  carbolic  acid. 

When  the  crucible  and  lamp  are  not  at  hand, 
a  satisfactory  substitute  is  found  in  a  fire-brick 
heated  enough  to  vaporize  the  carbolate.  In 
numerous  cases  the  following  results  have  been 
obtained. 

1.  A  notable  diminution  of  the  paroxysms  of 
coughing  after  from  two  to  ten  days'  treatment. 
2.  Less  labored  and  painful  respiration.  3. 
Shorter  duration  of  the  paroxysms  of  coughing. 
4.  The  most  confirmed  attack  of  whooping 
cough  remains  in  statu  quo  from  the  commence- 
ment, and  it  always  appeared  to  him  to  dimin- 
ish more  or  less  rapidly,  but  always  in  a  time 
relatively  short  to  its  usual  duration. 

The  vapors  of  carbolate  of  soda  have  valuable 
disinfecting  and  antiseptic  properties 

It  is  worthy  of  note  in  this  connection  that 
the  fungoid  origin  of  whooping  cough,  asserted 
some  years  since"  by  M.  Svetzerich,  seems  to  be 
confirmed  by  the  recent  researches  of  M.  Yscha- 
mar,  who  says  he  has  found  certain  lower  or- 
ganisms in  the  spittle  of  whooping  cough  pa- 
tients— organisms  not  met  with  in  any  other 
disease  accompanied  by  cough  and  expectora- 
tion. He  claims  further,  that  the  organisms  in 
question  are  identical  with  those  which,  by 
their  agglomeration,  form  the  black  points  on 
the  skins  of  oranges  and  the  parings  of  certain 
fruits,  especially  apples.  Thus,  M.  Yschamar, 
by  inoculating  rabbits  with  this  dark  matter, 
or  even  causing  it  to  be  inhaled  by  men, produced 
fits  of  coughing  several  days  in  duration,  and 
presenting  all  the  characteristics  of  the  convulsive 
wooping  cough. 

The  Orange.— The  orange  is  very  easily  di- 
gested, admissible  in  health  and  disease,  and 
one  before  breakfast  will  often  prepare  the  deli- 
cate stomach  for  a  good  meal  hotter  than  any- 
thing else. 


136 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[March  i,  1879. 


CIENTIFIClHiRESS.1; 


W.  B.  EWER Senior  Editor. 


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SAN   FRANCISCO: 
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TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 

GENERAL  EDITORIALS. -Hughes'  Fog  Signal 
Compass;  Mining  in  British  Columbia,  129.  The 
Week;  Where  to  Invest  Money  in  Mining;  The  East  djid 
the  West;  A  New  Amalgamator,  136.  Brains  in  Min- 
ing; Ethics  in  Journalism;  Davis  Ore  Pulverizer;  Gold 
in  India,  137.      Notices  of  Recent  Patents,  140. 

ILLUSTRATIONS.— Capt.  Wm.  Hughes'  Fog  Signal 
Compass,  129.     The  Davis  Ore  Pulverizer,  137. 

CORRESPONDENCE.— Arizona;  Letter  from  Colo- 
rado, 130. 

MECHANICAL  PROGRESS. -Room  for  Inven- 
tion; A  Planing  Machine  for  Granite;  Compression  by 
Steam  in  Casting,  131. 

SCIENTIFIC  PROGRESS  —  Instantaneous  Pho- 
tography; The  Size  and  Figure  of  the  Earth;  New  Elec- 
trotype Process;  Spontaneous  Combustion  by  Zinc; 
Solidified  Hydrogen  or  Hydrium,  13]. 

MINING  STOCK  MARKET. -Sales  at  the  San 
Francisco,  California  and  Pacific  Stock  Boards,  Notices 
of  Assessments,  Meetings  and  Dividends,  132. 

MINING  SUMMARY  from  the  various  counties  of 
California,  Nevada,  Arizona  and  Idaho,  133-40. 

USEFUL  INFORMATION. —  Hints  for  House- 
Cleaners;  Coloring  Metals;  Importance  of  Cool-Grinding 
of  Flour;  Poisonous  Colors;  Immense  Photographs;  To 
Chill  Cast  Iron  Very  Hard,  135. 

GOOD  HEALTH.— Some  Hints  in  Regard  to  Diet; 
Carbolate  of  Soda  for  Whooping  Cough,  135. 

MISCELLANEOUS.— Igneous  Meteors.— No.  2;  The 
Earth  and  Man,  130.  Geodetic  Instruments  of  Pre- 
cision at  the  Paris  Exposition  and  in  European  Work- 
shops, 134-5.  The  Cone-bearers,  or  Evergreen  Trees 
of  California.— No.  6,  135.    Railroads,  138. 

NEWS  IN  BRIEF  on  140  and  other  pages. 

Business   Announcements. 

To  Consumers  of  High  Explosives,  Giant  Powder  Co.,  S.  F- 
Leffel'e  Turbine  Water  Wheel,  A.  Myers,  Agent,  S.  F. 
The  Safety  Powder  Company,  S.  F. 


The  Week. 


Lent  has  come  in  very  quietly,  and  it  seems 
as  if  its  approach  had  brought  a  dullness  in  all 
matters  of  general  interest.  In  most  of  the 
agricultural  sections,  the  farmers  are  too  busy 
putting  in  their  crops  to  send  us  news,  although 
from  some  parts  of  the  north  complaints  of  too 
much  rain  may  be  heard.  The  stir  among 
mining  circles  comes  principally  from  the  hy- 
draulic claims.  Oregon  exults  over  a  new- 
found El  Dorado  along  the  Snake,  and  the  pla- 
cers of  Nevada  and  Butte  counties  are  also 
producing  bountifully.  Stocks  are  dull  and 
buyers  cautious.  The  interest  in  the  Chinese 
question  becomes  more  intense  as  the  close  of 
congressional  session  approaches.  Disasters  and 
accidents  have  been  numerous  during  the  week. 
Various  parts  of  this  State,  the  western  coast 
of  South  America,  and  some  of  the  Southern 
States,  have  experienced  shocks  of  earthquake. 
The  boiler  explosion  at  Stockton,  resulting  in 
such  terrible  loss  of  human  life,  can  only  receive 
the  old  explanation  of  "carelessness."  The 
Indians  have  risen  in  the  North,  and  at  the 
Black  Hills,  and  are  plundering  and  murdering 
on  all  sides.  Floods,  too,  are  desolating  the 
northern  part  of  the  State,  and  Oregon.  The 
insurrectionists  in  Central  America  are  being 
worsted  by  the  Government  troops.  France 
and  England  have  found  it  necessary  to  send 
war  vessels  to  Egypt  to  prevent  the  Khedive 
from  compromising  international  interests  by 
his  misgovernment  of  that  country.  The 
weather  is  warmer  and  drier,  and  spring  will 
open  with  bright,  sunny  days. 


The  draft  of  negro  laborers  to  Texas  has  im- 
pelled the  Legislatures  of  Alabama  and  Georgia 
to  impose  a  license  tax  of  $100  upon  every 
person  soliciting  people  to  emigrate  from  those 
States. 


Several  lines  have  been  got  around  the  sunken 
steamer  El  Gapitan.  She  will  soon  be  raised  and 
taken  to  Oakland  Point,  where  all  necessary  re- 
pairs will  be  made. 


Where  to  Invest  Money  in  Mining. 

In  reply  to  the  letters  that  frequently  reach 
us  inquiring  as  to  the  best  openings  on  this 
coast  for  the  investment  of  money  in  the  busi- 
ness of  mining,  we  may  say,  it  is  not  easy  to 
point  out  these  openings  except  with  much 
qualification  and  in  a  very  general  way;  so 
much  depending  always  on  the  means  and  pur- 
poses of  the  party  desiring  to  invest  and  the 
circumstances  that  surround  each  particular 
case.  It  can  hardly  be  affirmed  that  any  one 
section  of  the  coast  possesses  such  manifest 
advantages  over  every  other  as  should  deter- 
mine this  question,  irrespective  of  the  above 
considerations.  To  answer  these  questions  in- 
telligently and  properly,  one  requires  to  be  in- 
formed whether  the  inquirer  is  a  capitalist  or  a 
working  man;  whether  he  wishes  to  put  in  his 
own  labor,  to  be  on  the  ground  and  supervise 
matters  in  person,  or  whether  he  is  simply  seek- 
ing a  safe  and  profitable  investment,  leaving 
the  management  of  the  business  to  others. 
Where  there  is  a  preference  for  engaging  or  in- 
vesting in  any  particular  section  of  country  or 
special  branch  of  mining,  it  would  be  well  also 
to  indicate  the  same. 

To  men  of  limited  means,  who  would  like  to 
obtain  proprietory  interests  in  mines,  and  with 
whom  the  certainty  of  moderate  profits  is  para- 
mount to  large  gains  with  corresponding  hazard, 
California  would  seem  to  offer  the  best  field 
west  of  the  Rocky  mountains;  thiB  being  espe- 
cially true  if  they  desire  to  engage  personally  in 
the  business,  making  permanent  homes  in  the 
mining  regions.  For  this  opinion  we  have  not 
here  room  to  assign  reasons  in  detail :  the  gen- 
erally reliable  character  of  -  the  mines,  the 
facility  with  which  they  can  be  reached,  opened 
and  outfitted,  the  cheapness  of  labor  and  sup- 
plies, the  good  state  of  society,  insuring  ample 
protection  to  person  and  property,  and  the 
superiority  of  the  climate  constituting,  in  brief, 
some  of  the  principal  arguments  in  its  favor. 
The  foothills  of  the  Sierra  Nevada  and  other 
outlying  ranges  of  mountains,  the  sites  of  the 
several  California  gold  fields,  form  one  of  the 
most  beautiful,  healthful  and  every-way  attrac- 
tive regions  under  the  face  of  the  sun.  Apart 
from  their  mineral  resources,  they  offer  the 
greatest  possible  inducements  for  settlement  by 
men  desirous  of  obtaining  pleasant  and  com- 
fortable homes. 

Then,  in  embarking  in  this  industry,  the  ad- 
venturer has  here  a  greater  variety  as  to  the 
kind  of  mining  he  may  choose  to  engage  in, 
there  being  the  several  branches  of  placer  as 
well  as  vein  operations  from  which  to  select, 
according  as  his  means  may  warrant  or  other 
conditions  make  preferable.  While  there  is 
now  little  chance  for  securing  rich  claims  and 
making  large  wages  in  the  placers  of  this  State 
without  the  employment  of  considerable  capital, 
it  is  still  possible  for  the  right  kind  of  a  man, 
though  he  have  but  little  money,  to  get  hold  of 
claims  that,  even  from  the  first,  will  afford  liv- 
ing wages,  and  which,  through  the  use  of  small 
means  and  under  the  diligent  application  of  his 
own  labor,  can  eventually  be  made  to  pay 
steadily  and  handsomely,  if  not  very  largely. 
The  opportunities  for  accomplishing  this  much 
are,  in  fact,  very  good  in  many  parts  of  the 
California  mines,  the  central  and  more  north- 
erly sections  of  the  State  presenting  perhaps 
more  of  these  opportunities  than  the  districts 
farther  south. 

As  we  had  occasion  not  long  since  to  speak  of 
the  inducements  held  out  for  the  investment  of 
capital  in  the  quartz  mines  of  Sikiyou  and  the 
hydraulic  deposits  of  Trinity  counties,  we  will, 
without  stopping  now  to  enlarge  upon  the  re- 
sources of  this  extreme  northern  section  of  the 
State,  briefly  remark  upon  some  points  farther 
south,  that  seem  to  present  openings  that  ought 
to  attract  the  attention  of  parties  desirous  of 
investing  in  either  quartz,  drift,  or  hydraulic 
mining.  In  Shasta,  county,  some  good  chances 
could  doubtless  be  found  for  engaging  in  quartz 
mining.  Plumas  offers  a  fair  field  for  vein  and 
drift  mining,  the  seasons,  owing  to  the  depth  of 
the  winter  snows,  being  rather  short  for  suc- 
cessful hydraulic  operations.  In  Butte,  while 
there  is  little  chance  for  inaugurating  further 
hydraulic  washing,  all  the  water  available  here 
being  already  appropriated,  there  are  still  op- 
portunities in  this  county  for  opening  up  both 
quartz  and  drift  mines,  with  good  promise  of 
success. 

There  is  not,  in  the  State,  a  county  that  more 
strongly  claims  the  attention  of  parties  seeking 
a  legitimate  field  of  investment  than  Sierra,  and 
what  we  say  of  this  county  is  largely  the  result 
of  recent  personal  observation ;  not  that  the 
mineral  deposits  here  were  originally  any  better 
than  throughout  the  tier  of  counties  farther 
south,  but  simply  because  they  have  been  less 
developed.  This  field  is  full  of  unaccomplished 
work,  because  it  has  been  neglected.  There  is 
here  material  for  prosecuting  every  form  of  gold 
mining  known  in  California.  Along  Slate  creek 
and  its  tributaries,  have  been  lodged  immense 
quantities  of  hydraulic  tailings,  that  at  small 
expense  could  be  moved  and  subjected  to  a 
profitable  re-washing.  At  Brandy  City,  and 
about  Milton,  are  large  deposits  of  auriferous 
gravel  that  could  be  run  off  by  the  hydraulic 
process  to  good  advantage  ;  those  at  the  former 
place  being  partially  utilized,  but  requiring 
some  further  money  aid  to  make  "them  fully 
available,  while  the  deposits  at  Milton  have 
never  been  worked,  only  prospected  enough  to 


indicate  for  them  a  great  probable  extent  and 
richness.  At  this  latter  place  are  a  number  of 
fine  quartz  lodes,  affording  unmistakable  evi 
dence  of  good  paying  qualities,  but,  like  the 
gravel,  but  slightly  opened.  The  owner,  Dr, 
Holdsworth,  an  old  resident  of  Milton,  would 
like  some  one  having  a  little  money  to  come 
and  look  at  them.  He  does  not  want  to  sell 
them,  but  would  convey  to  any  party  a  large 
interest  in  them  on  condition  of  their  putting 
up  a  small  mill  to  work  their  ores.  He  would 
only  ask  for  a  prospecting  mill  at  the  start,  sat- 
isfied that  one  of  much  greater  capacity  would 
soon  be  required;  and  it  looks  to  us  as  if  there 
were  pay  ore  enough  in  sight  here  to  run  a 
hundred  stamps  for  some  years.  Near  Forest 
City,  about  Alleghany,  and  at  many  other 
points  in  this  county,  are  found  the  remains  of 
the  old  buried  rivers,  that  afford  good  drift 
diggings. 

In  the  counties  south  of  Sierra,  the  opportu- 
nities for  the  inauguration  of  new  hydraulic 
enterprises  are  limited,  because  of  the  inade- 
quate supply  of  water  for  additional  washing. 
But  these  counties  abound  with  excellent  op- 
portunities for  engaging  in  both  quartz  and  drift 
mining,  with  occasionally  a  good  chance  for  re- 
washing  the  hydraulic  tailings,  that  in  some 
localities  have  accumulated  in  great  quantities. 
Some  of  the  old  bars  and  sections  of  the  river 
beds  are  also  being  worked  here  by  such  im- 
proved appliances  and  "methods  as  promise  to 
make  these  ventures  largely  remunerative,  the 
places  favorable  for  this  class  of  operations  not 
being  as  yet  by  any  means  monopolized. 

In  saying  so  much  of  the  openings  that  exist 
in  this  State  for  engaging  in  the  business  of 
mining,  it  must  not  be  inferred  that  we  wish 
to  disparage  the  opportunities  presented  by  the 
other  States  or  the  Territories  lying  on  this 
slope  of  the  continent,  each  of  which  con- 
tains a  large  scope  of  mineral  lands,  and  some 
of  which  present,  no  doubt,  greater  attractions 
to  the  speculative  and  adventurous,  than  can  be 
claimed  for  California.  It  is  to  that  class  of 
investors,  with  whom  security  to  person  and 
property,  and  certainty  of  return,  are  controll- 
ing considerations,  that  this  State  especially 
commends  itself. 


A  New  Amalgamator. 


The  East  and  the  West. 

There  seems  to  be  an  awakening  interest  at 
the  East  in  mining  west  of  the  Rocky  moun- 
tains, and  it  is  important  to  the  whole  country 
that  that  interest  should  be  judiciously  directed, 
encouraged  and  protected.  Hundred  of  impe- 
cunious and  unreliable  adventurers  with  bonds 
or  deeds  to  wild  cat  mines  in  their  pockets, 
have  gone  from  California,  Nevada,  Idaho,  Utah, 
Colorado,  Montana  and  Wyoming,  to  the  popu- 
lous and  speculative  citiesof  the  Union  tosell  their 
locations,  and  the  purchasers  thereof,  at  one  and 
the  same  time.  We  hear  of  sales  having  been 
made  of  Bodie  locations  and  Bodie  stocks,  at 
New  York  city,  which  have  not,  as  yet,  shown 
any  value  whatever.  We  advise  our  Eastern 
friends  to  go  slow;  to  thoroughly  examine  prop- 
erties offered  them  before  purchasing,  and  not 
to  pay  enormous  prices  for  mere  locations,  or 
for  mines  that  can  be  purchashed  at  San  Fran 
cisco,  or  on  the  ground  for  a  comparatively 
small  sum.  There  is  still  another  class  of 
mining  operators  who  have  their  agents  at 
the  East,  and  who  strike  harder  and  deeper 
into  the  coffers  of  the  capitalists  there  than  the 
one  we  have  adverted  to.  This  class  run  the 
big  assessment  mines  of  the  country  and, 
through  the  force  that  wealth  and  power  be- 
stows, are  foisting  mines  on  the  Eastern  mar- 
ket that  will  eventually,  in  the  end,  cause  the 
people  there  any  amount  of  trouble  and  loss. 
The  gold  and  silver  mines  west  of  the  Missouri 
river  yield  over  $100,000,000  annually,  and 
profitable  purchases  can,  with  care,  be  effected 
and  princely  fortunes  be  derived  from  legitimate 
mining;  but  we  feel  constrained  to  caution  our 
Eastern  friends  against  being  taken  in  by  the 
adventurers  who  are  now  pouring  in  upon  them. 
There  never  was  a  better  time  for  engaging  in 
actual  and  legitimate  mining  on  this  coast  than 
the  present;  and  while  we  feel  called  upon  to 
put  people  abroad  on  their  guard  against  the 
venders  of  worthless  properties,  we  are  free  to 
admit  that  a  very  large  proportion  of  those 
offered  Eastern  investors  are  in  the  hands  of 
honest  and  honorable  men,  and  really  possess  a 
great  deal  of  merit.  What  we  desire  to  enforce 
upon  Eastern  communities  is  the  necessity  of 
discriminating  between  these  different  kinds  of 
men  and  properties. 

Where  Uncle  Sam  Keeps  his  Treasure. — 
The  vaults  of  the  U.  S.  Treasury,  which  now 
contain  many  millions  in  gold  and  silver,  have, 
as  may  well  be  supposed,  been  made  as  nearly 
fire  and  burglar  proof  as  possible.  The  doors 
are  a  curiosity,  and  were  made  in  Boston.  The 
locks  are  chronometer,  of  the  latest  pattern. 
One  man,  and  one  man  only,  in  the  building  can 
open  the  vaults.  He  can  open  them  only  on  a 
given  minute — then  or  not  at  all.  It  takes  500 
men  to  do  the  business  of  the  Treasury  Depart- 
ment in  New  York.  The  highest  office  is  said 
to  be  worth  $35,000  per  year,  the  lowest  $10  a 
week.  It  took  five  barrow  loads  of  gold  to 
answer  a  single  order  lately,  and  that  sum  was 
wheeled  from  one  bank  to  another.  Though 
already  so  plethoric,  these  vaults  are  constantly 


John  B.  Reynolds,  of  this  city,  has  recently 
patented,  through  the  Mining  and  Scientific 
Press  Patent  Agency,  an  improved  apparatus 
for  amalgamating  the  precious  metals,  by  means 
of  which  every  particle  of  ore  is  brought  in  con- 
tact with  the  mercury,  so  as  to  effect  a  thorough 
amalgamation.  It  consists  in  the  use  of  a  series 
of  cylinders,  in  each  of  which  a  certain  quantity 
of  mercury  is  placed.  The  pulp  is  forced  by  a 
jet  of  steam  into  these  cylinders  and  into  the 
mercury,  being  heated  and  agitated  at  the  same 
time.  As  it  rises  up  through  the  mercury, 
another  spray  jet  of  steam  is  forced  against  the 
pulp,  before  or  after  it  rises  out  of,  or  on  the 
surface  of  the  mercury,  thus  breaking  up  any 
lumps  or  masses  of  pulp,  and  agitating  the  pulp 
and  mercury  together.  The  pulp  passes  out  of 
the  top  of  the  cylinder,  and  another  jet  of 
steam  forces  it  down  under  the  mercury  in  the 
next  cylinder.  Any  number  of  these  cylinders 
and  steam  jets  necessary  may  be  used.  The 
process  is  continuous^  the  pulp  being  violently 
agitated  while  entering  each  cylinder  and  receiv- 
ing an  accession  of  heat  from  fresh  jets  of  steam, 
as  it  passes  from  one  to  the  other.  Means  are 
provided  for  controlling  the  supply  of  steam, 
preventing  leakage,  and  for  cleaning  up  the 
cylinders. 

The  operation  of  the  device  is  as  follows :  The 
pulp  from  the  batteries  is  admitted  into  the 
tank,  where  its  consistency  may  be  regulated 
with  more  or  less  water,  as  desired;  but  usually 
itwill  come  from  the  batteries  in  proper  condition 
for  passing  through  the  amalgamating  apparatus. 
The  pulp  is  allowed  to  flow  from  the  tank  down 
a  pipe,  at  the  lower  end  of  which  is  the  pipe 
leading  into  the  front  cylinder.  Steam  is  turned 
on  from  the  branch  steam  pipe  through  the  noz- 
zle into  the  pipe,  which  has  the  effect  of  forcing 
the  pulp  through  the  pipe  into  the  cylinder 
under  the  mercury  in  said  cylinder.  The  action 
of  steam  under  these  circumstances  is  to  draw 
the  pulp  down  from  the  tank  and  force  it  through 
the  pipe,  at  the  same  time  stirring  and  agitating 
it  in  a  violent  manner,  so  that  it  enters  the  mer- 
cury in  the  cylinder  in  a  finely  disseminated 
condition,  most  favorable  for  amalgamation  of 
the  precious  metals  contained  in  said  pulp. 

The  mercury  in  the  cylinder  only  occupies  a 
portion  of  the  space  in  said  cylinder.  As  the  pulp 
is  forced  in  under  the  body  of  mercury,  it  rises 
through  it,  and  on  its  way  up,  meets  the  spray 
from  the  spray  nozzle,  which  violently  agitates 
both  the  mercury  and  pulp,  thus  breaking  up 
any  masses  or  lumps  of  pulp  which  may  have 
escaped  the  action  of  the  first  injecting. 

As  the  pulp  continues  to  be  forced  in,  it  rises 
to  the  top  of  the  cylinder  over  the  mercury  and 
passes  out  into  another  pipe.  As  it  reaches  the 
end  of  the  short  arm  of  said  pipe  it  meets  the 
downward  descending  jet  of  steam  from  the 
nozzle  on  the  end  of  the  branch  pipe,  which 
forces  said  pulp  down  said  pipe  and  into  the 
next  cylinder,  under  the  mercury  in  that  cylin- 
der, where  the  operation  herein  described  is 
repeated.  As  many  of  these  pipes  and  connec- 
tions, as  may  be  considered  necessary,  may  be 
used,  the  pulp  each  time  passing  under  the 
mercury  and  being  subjected  to  the  agitating 
action  of  the  steam  jets,  as  well  as  to  the  action 
of  the  heat  supplied  by  the  introduction  of  fresh 
steam  at  different  points. 

The  gauges  show  the  hight  of  mercury  in  the 
cylinders  at  all  times.  The  last  cylinder  of  the 
series  may  not  need  any  mercury  and  may  be 
used  to  catch  any  particles  of  that  metal  which 
may  be  forced  over  with  the  pulp. 

It  will  be  seen  that  this  process  is  continuous 
in  its  action  and  that  no  machinery  is  necessary 
for  carrying  the  ore  along  through  the  cylinder. 
Steam  may  be  supplied  from  the  boilers  which 
furnish  steam  for  the  crushing  apparatus.  The 
process  employed  is  much  more  thorough  than 
where  amalgamation  is  attempted  by  passing 
the  pulp  over  amalgamated  copper  plates,  and 
is  much  less  expensive  than  when  the  pulp  is 
treated  in  pans,  no  loss  of  quicksilver  being  in- 
volved. When  the  cylinders  are  once  filled 
with  mercury,  whatever  may  pass  over  will  be 
caught  in  the  succeeding  ones  or  the  last  one. 
The  manner  of  injecting  the  steam  for  trans- 
ferring the  pulp  from  one  cylinder  to  the  other 
is  very  effective,  not  only  for  that  purpose, 
but  for  agitating  and  heating  it  as  it  goes 
through.  Every  particle  of  ore  must  go 
through  the  bath  of  mercury  with  no  possible 
means  of  avoiding  it,  and  the  mass  is  so  stirred 
and  agitated  during  its  passage  that  a  thorough 
amalgamation  of  the  precious  metals  is  effected. 
The  pulp  is  thus  agitated  over  and  over,  re- 
ceiving a  fresh  agitation  and  a  fresh  supply  of 
heat  as  it  enters  each  cylinder.  The  use  of  the 
kettles  or  bowls  saves  any  loss  by  leakage.  The 
supplemental  agitating  pipe  with  the  spray 
nozzle  on  its  lower  end,  under  the  surface  of  the 
mercury,  assists  in  overcoming  one  of  the  main 
objections  previously  urged  against  the  plan  of 
forcing  ore  under  a  body  of  mercury.  When 
brought  under  the  mercury,  by  a  tube  in  the 
center  of  the  bath,  the  pulp  is  apt  to  rise  in 
lumps,  the  outside  portions  of  which  only  are  in 
contact  with  the  mercury.  This  is  caused  by 
the  weight  of  the  metal  keeping  the  pulp  in  the 
same  shape  in  which  it  enters  it.  By  violently 
agitating  the  mercury  in  the  manner  described 
and  forcing  the  pulp  into  it,  in  a  finely  dissemi- 
nated condition  and  by  the  addition  of  this  sup- 
plemental agitating  tube,  any  lumps  that  may 
have  formed  will  be  broken  up  and  the  pulp 
distributed  evenly  throughout  the  mass  of  mer- 
cury, thus  allowing  all  the  particles  of  precious 


receiving  additional  deposits  of  specie,  $500,000    —■■ 

in  silver  having  been  amongst  receipts  of  recent    metals  in  the  pulp  to  come  in  contact  with  the 
date.  •  mercury, 


March  i,  1879. J 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


137 


Brains  in  Mining. 

Charles  Schofield,  under  recent  date,  writes 
the  Tuolumne  Independent  on  the  importance  of 
employing  tain* — that  ia  ability  and  judgment 
in  the  business  of  mining.  We  abbreviate  his 
communication  somewhat.  Daring  a  long  ex- 
perience in  mining,  I  have  found, 
writer,  that,  while  nothing  can  be  done  with- 
out labor  and  some  capital,  still  I  am  of  the 
opinion  that  four-tilths  of  the  failures  that  have 
occurred  in  quartz  mining  in  California  are  at- 
tributable to  a  scarcity  of  brains  in  the  conduct 
of  the  business.  The  most  common  mistake 
has  been  that  of  building  mills,  roads,  etc.,  be- 
fore the  mine  was  sufficiently  explored  to  deter- 
mine whether  such  expenditure  would  be  war- 
ranted or  not.  Next  has  been  that  of  going 
about  the  development  of  a  mine  in  a  round-a- 
bout and  expensive  manner,  involving  every- 
thing in  uncertainty,  when  a  more  direct  and 
leas  expensive  plan  would  have  insured  suc- 
cess. Managers:  lacking  brains  and  experience, 
plan  long  tunnels  and  deep  shafts  without  tak- 
ing into  consideration  the  natural  dip  of  the 
vein  or  pitch  of  the  chute,  and  having,  after 
much  expenditure  failed  to  strike  ore,  come  to 
the  conclusion  that  the  vein  don't  go  down; 
whereupon  a  new  management  is  inaugurated 
or  the  enterprise  abandoned,  generally  the  lat- 
ter. Having  by  a  number  of  practical  exam- 
ples illustrated  this  sort  of  mistake,  the  writer 
proceeds  as  follows. 

''After  citing  one  more  instance  I  will,  as  the 
lawyers  say,  submit  my  case. 

"A  gentleman  in  San  Francisco  made  an  invest- 
ment in  mines,  not  very  far  from  Groveland, 
and  placed  a  brother  in  charge,  whose  only  re- 
commendation was  the  fact  that  he  was  known 
to  be  good  for  nothing  else,  and  therefore  upou 
general  principles  it  was  thought  he  ought  to 
make  a  good  mining  superintendent.  The  conse- 
quence was  that  he  attracted  a  class  of  men  about 
him  as  ignorant  and  worthless  as  himself,  and  se- 
lected his  boarding- master  as  his  principal  ad- 
viser, or  in  other  words,  to  furnish  brains  for  the 
enterprise;  and  as  the  gentleman  last  mentioned 
did  not  happen  to  have  a  very  large 
supply  of  that  article,  besides  having  to  divide 
with  his  Chinese  cook,  there  was  a  very  small 
amount  left  to  be  applied  in  furthering  the  busi- 
ness in  hand.  The  upshot  of  the  matter  was, 
that  where  it  was  thought  necessary  to  sink  a 
shaft,  they  were  sure  to  start  on  the  wrong  side 
of  the  vein;  and  where  a  drift  was  to  be  run,  it 
was  in  the  opposite  direction  from  where  the 
pay  chute  was  known  to  lie;  where  they  found 
themselves  directly  under  the  chute  they  sunk 
directly  away  from  it;  and  without  waiting  to 
ascertain  whether  they  had  a  mine  or  not,  they 
built  a  mill  for  which  they  never  had  any  use, 
as  they  never  succeeded  in  rinding  any  rock, 
although  an  abundance  of  rock  was  close 
by  and  almost  in  sight.  The  conse- 
quence of  this  management  was  that  they  got  in 
debt  to  nearly  everybody,  and  finally  left  in 
disgust,  which  was  only  equaled  by  the  disgust 
of  their  creditors. 

"There  is  also  occasionally  a  great  lack  of 
brains  among  mill  men.  Some  mills,  like  the 
Golden  Gate,  are  loaded  down  with  all  sorts  of 
useless  traps,  clogging  the  power  and  requiring 
two  or  three  extra  men  to  run  it,  while  others 
Bcarcelyhave  anything  to  save  their  gold,  to  say 
nothing  about  sulphurets,  be  they  ever  so  plen- 
ty and  rich.  Some  mill  men  show  great  tact 
in  running  their  tailings  into  a  river,  creek,  or 
some  other  place  where  the  waste  cannot  be 
seen;  and  though  they  are  known  to  be  losing 
thousands,  they  keep  on,  unwilling  to  allow 
others  to  erect  suitable  machinery,  even  though 
they  are  offered  one-half  of  all  that  is  saved 
without  any  expense  on   their  part. 

"Then  sheer  stupidity  sometimes  works  a  deal 
of  mischief,  as  is  shown  in  the  case  of  the  Star  Co. 
above  Columbia,  who  had  a  small  mill  erected, 
with  the  best  of  appliances  for  saving  sulphur- 
eta.  Their  sulphurets  being  plenty  and  rich  it 
was  their  principal  purpose  to  save  them. 
Among  the  quartz  as  brought  to  the  mill  was  a 
large  percentage  of  slate  full  of  thin  films  of 
mica  (sulphate  of  iron.)  This  light  flaky  sub- 
stance, having  been  mistaken  for  genuine  sul- 
phurets, the  superintendent  used  all  his  ener- 
gies to  aave  it,  and  as  it  was  very  light 
and  floated  with  the  water  it  required  no  small 
amount  of  skill.  He  erected  large  tanks  below 
the  concentrator;  but  as  these  would  soon  get 
full  and  run  over,  his  distress  was  unbounded, 
and  although  all  else  seemed  to  work  well,  and 
the  mica  lost,  was  not  worth  acentper  ton,  itsloss 
caused  him  to  stop  the  works,  and  a  general 
collapse  ensued  from  which  it  is  doubtful  wheth 
er  he  will  ever  recover." 


The  International  Phylloxera  Congress. 
It  will  be  remembered  that  in  August,  1877,  an 
international  congress  of  wine-growing  countries 
was  held  at  Lausanne,  at  the  instance  of  the 
Swiss  government,  for  the  purpose  of  devising 
some  common  measure  of  repression  and  pre- 
vention of  the  phylloxera  plague.  The  negotia- 
tion then  set  in  progress  have  led  to  a  joint 
agreement  in  common  action  between  Germany, 
Austria,  Spain,  France,  Italy,  Portugal,  and 
Switzerland,  the  ratification  of  which  by  the 
Swiss  government  is  now  expected.  Soon  we 
shall  doubtless  learn  the  character  of  the  inter- 
national campaign  which  ia  to  be  undertaken 
against  the  insect. 


The  Ethics  of  Journalism 

In  no  country  on  the  face  of  the  earth  has  the 
newspaper  gained  such  an  ftutocntic  po 

in  the  United  States.  Oue  of  our  national 
prides  U  our  freedom  of  the  press.  Whatever 
other  powers  the  people  have  relegated  to  their 
law-makers,  they  seem  to  have  refused  the 
power  to  interfere  with  the  newspaper,  except 
in  cases  of  gross  libel,  which  the  courts  shall 
adjudicate.  This  is  well  enough.  We  do  not 
believe  that  any  general  act  can  be  framed  for 
the  regulation  of  the  public  prints  which  would 
not  do  as  much  evil  as  good;  which  would  not 
abridge  true  freedom  as  well  as  repress  license. 
The  regulation  of  the  press  is  in  the  hands  of 
the  peoplo,  and  that  ia  where  it  rightly  belongs, 
for  the  press  is,  in  a  certain  souse,  the  voice  of 
the  people,  and  the  people  can  determine 
whether  it  shall  be  false  or  true.  It  rests  with 
the  patrons  of  newspapers  to  decide  what  their 
code  of  ethics  Bhatl  be.  From  them  comes  the 
support  which  makes  newspaper  existence  pos- 
sible; with  them  lies  the  power  to  say  whether 
this  existence  shall  be  for  good  or  for  evil. 

There  can  be  no  doubt  in  the  minds  of  any 
one  who  reads  the  newspapers  of  the  day  that 
the  public  is  often  too  lenient  with  the  creatures 
of  its  power.  Policies  and  motives  are  per- 
mitted to  thrive  in  the  conduct  of  newspapers 
which  would  not  be  tolerated  in  any  other  con- 
cern or  institution  existing  by  popular  favor. 
And  the  evil  is  most  insinuating  and  demoral- 
izing. Men  who  would  cut  from  their  acquaint- 
ance one  whom  they  detected  in  an  outright 
falsehood,  will  continue  to  contribute  money  to 
the  aupport  of  papers  which  they  know  well  are 
given  to  the  publication  of  the  most  shameful 
lies.  Men  who  would  strike  to  the  earth  any 
one  who  should  carry  a  suspicion  of  shame  to 
the  purity  of  their  households,  will  welcome, 
day  after  day,  sheeta  which  are  reeking  with 


eign  remedy  so  long  as  the  majority  of  the  peo- 
ple are,  aa  they  are  to-day,  truth-lovers,  patri- 
otic and  resolute.  No  tire  will  burn  without 
fuel,  and  no  service  of  the  false  will  succeed 
unless  it  have  the  support  which  the  friends  of 
truth  afford.  If  any  journal  given  unmistakable 
signs  of  selling  truth  for  selfish  gains,  cut  it  off. 
Let  it  lose  the  support  of  the  upright,  and  it 
will  fall.  If  a  journal  aims  to  thrive  by  furnish- 
ing a  fund  of  incidents  and  ideas  which  appeal 
to  the  baser  passions,  and  till  the  mind  with  low 
and  groveling  thoughts,  banish  it  from  pure 
homes  into  the  outer  darkness  which  its  tastes 
approve.  There  may  be  other  approaches  to 
the  journalistic  heart,  but  the  one  which  is 
most  available  to  the  public  is  through  tin-  <  ash 
box.  Withdraw  sutqmrt.and  the  proudest  struc- 
ture falls.  Withdraw  aupport,  and  the  journal 
which  lenda  it?*  eminence  to  the  service  of  evil, 
will  either  puree  itself  of  its  evil  or  go  down 
with  it.  Thus  the  people  may  determine  that 
no  journal  shall  live  unless  its  ethics  be  high- 
toned  and  true.  Unless  it  labor  f«»r  truth,  for 
purity,  for  uprightness  in  individuals  and  in 
public  affairs,  let  it  be  plain  that  the  public  doea 
not  approve  of  its  existence.  There  is  no  surer 
way  for  the  people  to  secure  a  press  which  ahall 
be  true  to  the  trust  placed  in  its  hand.  There 
ia  no  more  direct  way  to  determine  that  the 
press  shall  be  held  true  to  its  high  miasion,  and 
that  ia,  free,  fearlesa  and  untrammeled  mainte- 
nance of  the  right,  aud  unyielding  denunciation 
and  suppression  of  the  wrong,  in  whatever  va- 
ried forms  it  may  appear.  The  remedy  is  sharp 
and  decisive:  bo  sure  that  the  occasion  calls  for 
it,  and  then  apply  it  quickly,  ae  one  would  set 
foot  upon  the  reptile  which  invades  the  home. 
There  is  no  deadlier  foe  to  public  safety  than 
falsehood  iu  the  public  press. 

Gold  in  India. 

Since  the  finding  and  partial  re-opening  of 
ancient  gold  mines  in  India,  with  some  remains 
of  the  implements  by  which  they  were  formerly 
worked,  the  following  from  a  London  paper  rel- 
ative to   the   recent   diacovery    of  gold-bearing 


THE    DAVIS    ORE    PULVERIZER. 


There  is  a  surplus  of  gold  in  Omaha. 


polluting  influences.  Men  who  are  quick  to  dis- 
cern the  rogue  who  would  undermine  their  suc- 
cess and  risk  their  fortunes  under  the  guise  of 
friendship,  will  still  contribute  to  the  support 
of  papers  which  they  plainly  see  are  propagating 
the-  deadliest  fallacies  in  the  garb  of  philan- 
thropy, or  reaching  for  the  rewards  of  demagog- 
ism  under  cover  of  claims  for  public  benefit. 
Men  who  would  denounce  such  wrongs  if  at- 
tempted in  any  other  form,  will  quietly  gulp 
down  these  sugar-coated  pills  of  perfidy  and 
perdition  administered  by  the  public  press. 
And  while  prints,  which  are  thus  encouraged 
by  patronage,  can  hold  the  support  of  the  truth- 
lovers  and  at  the  same  time  serve  for  hire  the 
interests  of  those  who  thrive  upon  the  success 
of  sinister  designs,  it  is  little  wonder  that  we 
see  such  perversions  of  the  freedom  of  the  press 
as  now  exist.  It  is  simply  by  the  public  suffer- 
ance that  such  things  are  possible.  It  is  simply 
because  the  managers  of  such  low-toned  and 
truckling  sheets  can  bag  the  dollars  of  the  well- 
disposed  but  thoughtless  people,  and  at  the  same 
time  drive  bargains  to  sell  the  influence  which 
this  patronage  bestows  to  those  who  will  pay 
higheat  for  it,  that  we  see  the  wonderful  and 
disgraceful  exhibitions  of  journalistic  gymnas- 
tics. 

This  is  not  a ,  pleasant  theme,  but  it  ia  one  of 
the  utmost  importance.  What  surety  of  right 
and  safety  is  there  when  the  voice  of  the  peo- 
ple, as  spoken  by  the  press,  is  permitted  to  sink 
to  the  approval  of  false  ideas  of  public  policy  ? 
Who  can  tell  to  what  end  of  wrong  the  ten- 
dency may  go  which  takes  its  rise  in  the  sub- 
jection of  principle  to  the  claims  of  private  in- 
terest, What  encouragement  is  there  to  indi- 
vidual uprightness,  truth  and  nobility  of  pur- 
pose when  the  public  press  makes  yester- 
day's outlaw  the  hero  of  to-day  ?  What  surety 
of  the  permanence  of  a  good  name  by  a  life  of 
disinterested  goodness,  when  those  who  were 
yesterday  pronounced  dangerous  to  the  public 
safety  are  to-day  proclaimed  the  people's  sav- 
iors ?  Blinded  by  partisanship  and  led  by  greed 
for  gain,  journals  which  public  patronage  should 
make  zealous  custodians  of  the  general  good 
are  transformed  into  cringing,  truckling  serv- 
itors of  personal  ambition  and  propagators  of 
profitable  falsehood. 

Is  there  no  remedy  ?     Yes,  there  ia  a   sover 


quartz  lodes  in  that  country  will  be  read  with 
interest.  According  to  their  late  report  it  ap- 
pears that  the  Moyan  Coffee  Co.  leased,  last 
year,  a  portion  of  their  property  to  the  Prince 
of  Wales  Co.  for  the  purpose  of  having  it  pros- 
pected. The  result  was  that  from  20  tons  of 
quartz,  45  ounces,  6  pennyweights  of  gold  were 
obtained,  inducing  responsible  parties  to  apply 
to  the  company  for  the  exclusive  right  to  work 
their  lodea. 

The  board  stated  that  they  knew  the  company 
possessed  a  large  area  of  reefs,  and  that  Mr. 
Brough  Smythe  (the  Minister  of  Mines  in  the 
government  of  Victoria)  had  been  deputed  to 
thoroughly  inspect  the  country,  and  from  the 
company's  lauds  gold  was  produced  in  small 
but  perfectly  visible  quantities.  The  chairman, 
Mr.  A.  Hall,  congratulated  the  shareholders  on 
the  fact  that  large  quantities  of  gold  had  been 
recently  discovered  on  their  property;  and,  in 
reply  to  a  shareholder,  who  a3ked  whether  the 
government  reserved  the  mineral  rights  of  the 
land,  Mr.  Hall  said  that  he  consulted  all  the 
title  deeds,  and  there  was  no  reservation  in  that 
respect.  He  had  also  consulted  gentlemen  in 
the  India  office,  and  the  government  had  not 
made,  and  were  not  likely  to  make,  any  claim 
to  those  rights.  After  some  discussion  with 
regard  to  suggestions  as  to  the  forming  of  a  new 
company  or  altering  the  present  articles  of  as- 
sociation to  enable  the  company  to  deal  with  and 
develop  their  gold  prospects,  it  was  resolved  to 
form  a  committee  of  gentlemen  possessed  of 
mining  knowledge  to  thoroughly  investigate  the 
subject. 

John  Miles  who  acquired  notoriety  at  Salt 
Lake  last  fall  in  the  Miles-Owen  polygamy  case, 
has  been  surrendered  by  his  bail  to  the  United 
States  Marshal,  and  incarcerated  in  the  peni- 
tentiary. 


The  millmastera  of  Aahton-under-Tyne  have 
decided  to  begin  a  general  lockout  on  Saturday 
if  the  strike  is  not  settled.  The  strikers  are 
estimated  at  10,000. 


The  French  Atlantic  cable  is  broken  161  miles 
from  St.  Pierre  Miquelon,  in  500  fathoms  of 
water, 


The  Davis  Pulverizer. 

We  illustrate  herewith  the  Davis  ore  pulver- 
izer, a  California  invention,  which  is  now  being 
introduced  to  the  mining  public.  These  ma- 
chines are  at  work  in  this  city;  at  the  California 
Portland  Cement  Co.,  at  Santa  Cruz;  the  Wa- 
aon  8.  M.  Co.,  New  Boston,  Esmeralda 
county,  Nevada;  Angel's  Landing,  Carson  Hill, 
Calaveras  county;  at  the  Gunsight  mine;  oue  at 
Oroville;  one  at  Meadow  Lake,  etc.  That  at 
the  Santa  Cruz  Cement  Works  is  stated  by  the 
manager  to  run  3,300  pounds  per  hour  through 
a  No.  50  screen. 

The  various  parts  of  the  machine,  and  its 
mode  of  working,  cau  be  fully  understood  by 
referring  to  the  illustration,  where  A  repre- 
sents the  feed  opening  through  which  the  ore  is 
passed  into  the  machine.  B  ia  the  discharge 
spout,  which  can  be  set  at  any  angle  deBired, 
but  is  tumid  in  practice  to  work  best  by  being 
at  the  bottom,  as  represented  in  the  cut.  D  ia 
the  disk  to  which  the  shoes  are  secured.  FF 
are  the  corrugated  dies  around  the  periphery. 
0  represents  the  face  of  the  die;  also,  the  anu- 
lua  or  ring  that  divides  the  machine,  so  that  it 
may  be  fed  from  either  or  both  sidea,  as  deBired. 
E  represents  the  shoes  attached  to  the  disk.  C 
is  a  hand-hole  for  putting  on  the  shoes  or  chang- 
ing them  when  worn. 

The  pulverized  ore  passes  out  by  the  force  of 
air  between  the  openings  at  the  ends  of  the 
dies,  and  is  discharged  against  the  outside  shell, 
finding  its  way  out  at  B.  When  the  shoes,  E, 
are  worn  so  as  to  require  changing  or  turning, 
it  is  only  necessary  to  remove  the  hand-hole 
plate  at  C,  loosen  the  nut  with  a  socket  wrench, 
and  replace  them.  The  outside  case  ia  made  of 
heavy  sheet-iron,  put  on  in  sections,  and  se- 
cured with  bolts  to  the  projecting  flange,  so 
that  the  dies  can  be  changed  or  removed  in  a 
short  time. 

The  principle  upon  which  the  machine  worka 
is  that  of  attrition — that  is,  particles  of  ore 
coming  in  contact  with  each  other  at  a  high 
velocity — the  office  of  the  machine  being  to 
keep  the  ore  in  motion  until  its  reduction  is 
complete.  It  takea  rock  from  the  breaker,  and 
by  adjusting  the  outlets,  which  can  be  done  in 
a  few  momenta,  delivers  it  in  a  continuous 
atream,  reduced  to  any  tinenesa  desired.  Its 
construction  is  simple.  The  only  parts  that  do 
wear  are  made  of  cast-iron  and  can  be  readily 
obtained  from  any  foundry. 

Each  one  of  these  machines  ia  claimed  to 
equal  in  capacity  20  stamps;  and  it  is  also 
claimed  that  they  do  the  work  with  much  less 
power. 

The  machine  is  made  of  such  light  parts  that 
it  can  be  transported  to  any  portion  of  the 
country  on  pack  mules,  and  for  prospecting  can 
be  made  to  suit  any  required  want.  They  can 
be  set  up  in  three  or  four  days,  requiring  only  a 
few  timbers  as  a  foundation.  There  is  but  little 
machine  work  about  it.  All  the  parts  that  do 
the  work  are  made  of  plain  cast  white  iron,  and 
can  be  replaced  in  a  few  momenta. 

There  are  no  grinding  surfacea  in  the  machine; 
no  points  where  iron  comes  in  contact  with  iron. 
The  ore  ia  taken  up  by  the  shoes,  and  thrown 
against  the  corrugated  disk  of  diea  and  deflected, 
when  it  ia  again  taken  up  and  again  thrown 
against  the  disk,  and  this  is  repeated  until  the 
ore  is  sufficiently  fine  to  pass  out  of  the  orifices, 
the  discharge  being  produced  by  the  impact  of 
the  atmosphere.  By  this  device,  a  uniform 
pulverization  is  secured. 

These  machines  are  made  by  the  Davis  Pul- 
verizer Co.,  the  office  of  which  is  at  rooms  9 
and  10,  No.  405  California  street,  where  further 
information  will  be  given  if  desired.  The 
machine  is  of  course  intended  only  to  crush  dry, 
and  ia,  therefore,  especially  adapted  for  gold 
orea.  It  will,  however,  of  course  crush  any 
kind  of  ore,  rock,  etc.,  or,  in  fact,  anything  of 
a  hard  nature. 


An  Arizona  Fiber  Plant. — We  read  in  the 
Arizona  Sentinel  of  a  new  fiber  plant  (botanical 
name  unknown)  which  grows  wild  in  large 
quantities  on  the  Colorado  river  bottom.  Speci- 
mens have  been  shipped  East  and  they  are  said 
to  have  excited  great  interest  among  the  manu- 
facturers of  hue  fabrics  in  New  York  and  New 
Jersey.  It  is  said  to  be  in  every  way  superior 
to  ramie,  and  dresaes  up  with  a  finish  equal  to 
that  of  the  finest  silk.  The  specimens  of  the 
fiber  shown  at  the  East,  and  also  aent  to 
Europe,  were  five  and  six  feet  long,  and  by 
their  beauty,  strength  and  length,  created  quite 
a  furore  among  certain  wealthy  manufacturers. 
A  botanist  has  been  sent  out  there  and  is  now 
traveling  on  the  river  gathering  specimens  for 
classification,  estimating  areaa  covered  by  the 
plant  in  its  natural  growth,  and  examining  into 
the  feasibility  of  its  profitable  gathering,  or  cul- 
tivation for  commercial  purposes.  The  South- 
ern Pacific  Railroad  Company  takes  an  active 
interest  in  this  matter  and  is  lending  material 
assiatance  toward  its  investigation.  The  plant 
forma  dense  thicketa  on  the  river  bottoms,  grow- 
ing to  a  hight  of  four  to  seven  feet,  in  atalka  lit- 
tle larger  than  a  lead  pencil.  Its  roota  are  very 
tough  and  so  matted  together  that  it  takes  at 
least  two  yoke  of  oxen  to  draw  a  plow  through 
them. 


There  will  be  13,697  feet  of  tunneling  be- 
tween Alma  and  Santa  Cruz,  on  the  South  Pa- 
cific (narrow  gauge)  Coast  railroad,  of  which 
7,514  feet  are  completed,  leaving  6,183  feet  un- 
finished. 


138 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS 


[March  i,  1879. 


Railroads- 
Guatemala  Railroad  Co. 

Chronicle,  Jan.  14:,  The  ship  Reunion,  at 
Mission-street  wharf,  chartered  by  the  Guate- 
mala Central  Railroad  Co.  takes  a  cargo  of  rail- 
road supplies  to  the  port  of  San  Jose  de  Guate- 
mala, to  be  used  in  the  construction  of  the  road 
extending  from  the  latter  port  to  the  city  of 
Escuintla,  Guatemala,  28  miles  from  the  sea. 
The  cargo  will  consist  of  about  1,800  tons  of 
railroad  ties,  a  large  quantity  of  iron-plating  and 
castings  for  building  purposes,  coal,  rice,  con- 
struction implements,  and  last,  but  not  least, 
about  100  Chinamen,  who  will  be  put  to  work 
at  once  on  the  line  of  the  road.  Seven  miles  of 
the  road-bed  are  already  prepared  for  the  rails, 
and  they  are  on  their  way  from  New  York  via 
Panama,  and  will  be  received  in  San  Jose  about 
the  time  the  Reunion  reaches  there.  This  enter- 
prise, the  successful  inauguration  of  which  has 
been  quietly  accomplished,  cannot  fail  to  ulti- 
mately result  in  great  benefit  to  San  Francisco. 
The  present  objective  point  of  the  com- 
pany is  Escuintla,  to  which  city  they  hava  a 
franchise  from  the  government  of  Guatemala  for 
99  years,  and  during  the  first  25  years  thereof, 
after  the  opening  of  the  line,  they  are  guaran- 
teed a  net  profit  of  12%^per  annum  on  $1,000,- 
000  and  a  loan  of  §210,000  towards  construction. 
It  is  the  intention  of  the  company  to  eventually 
push  the  construction  of  the  line  to  the  city  of 
Guatemala,  almost  00  miles  inland. 

The  city  of  Escuintla  is  the  great  center  of 
the  coffee  trade  of  Guatemala,  and,  when  once 
facilities  are  given  for  moving  it,  the  production 
will  be  greatly  increased.  The  present  annual 
exports  from  the  coffee  section  consist  of  about 
6,000  tons  of  coffee,  300  tons  of  cochineal,  300 
tons  of  hides,  300  tons  of  rubber,  cocoa,  etc., 
300  tone  of  timber  and  native  manufactures. 
By  far  the  most  important  of  the  future  pros- 
pects of  this  road,  however,  is  its  extension  to 
the  Atlantic  side,  a  distance  of  little  more  than 
200  miles,  where  it  reaches  the  magnificent 
harbor  of  Santo  Thomas,  the  finest  port  between 
New  York  and  Rio  Janeiro.  The  Guatemala 
route  has  no  serious  topographical  difficulties  to 
overcome,  and  is  2,000  miles  shorter  than  the 
route  via  the  isthmus  of  Panama. 

Oregon  and  California. 

The  Oregonian  of  January  25th,  says:  Mr. 
K.  Koehler,  agent  for  German  capitalists  inter- 
ested in  the  0.  &  C.  R.  E.  and  O.  C.  R.  R., 
was  called  some  months  ago  to  Fraukfort-on- 
the-Main  to  report  to  the  bondholders,  upon 
the  affairs  of  the  road.  He  returned  by  the 
Oirgon,  on  her  last  trip,  and  he  confirms  a 
statement,  that  the  bondholders  have  decided 
to  extend  the  road  to  Corvallis,  50  miles  from 
its  present  terminus.  He  informs  us  that  while 
in  New  York  Mr.  Villard  and  himself  con- 
tracted for  steel  rails,  the  same  in  pattern  and 
weight  as  those  on  the  Central  Pacific  road  be- 
tween Sacramento  and  San  Francisco,  and  for 
all  the  necessary  rolling  stock  and  motive 
power.  The  rails  are  completed,  and  will  be 
shipped  for  Portland  immediately.  Mr.  Koeh- 
ler has  contracted  for  ties  and  has  put  in  the 
field  a  locating  party  now  busy  in  the  vicinity 
of  McMinnville.  The  road  will  go  by  way  of 
Amity  and  Dixie.  Grading  will  commence  as 
soon  as  right  of  way  is  obtained. 

Oregon  Narrow-Gauge. 

The  Oregonian  further  publishes  the  following 
from  Ellis  G.  Hughes,  Vice-President  of  the 
road,  copied  from  the  Brownsville  Advertiser: 

Your  favor  of  the  19th  inst.  making  enquiries 
as  to  the  use  of  Chinese  labor  in  the  construc- 
tion of  the  Oregon  Narrow-Gauge  road  is  at 
hand.  It  is  our  purpose  to  do  almost  the  entire 
grading  of  the  road  with  plows  and  scrapers, 
and  in  such  work  only  white  labor  can  be  used 
as  a  matter  of  course,  nor  do  we  intend  to  use 
anything  else  in  getting  out  ties,  laying  track, 
etc. ;  however,  there  are  some  parts  of  the  work 
such  as  heavy  cuts,  etc.,  which  will  prob- 
ably be  let  by  contract.  When  we  let  in  this 
way  we  will  let  at  the  lowest  prices  attainable, 
and  as  a  matter  of  course  the  contractor  will 
employ  such  labor  as  he  chooses. 

The  subscription  at  Salem  is  progressing 
favorably,  and  I  doubt  not  will  be  closed  in  a 
few  days,  and  at  Lebanon,  Scio  and  Aumsville, 
and  elsewhere  along  the  line  the  people  are 
alive  to  the  importance  of  the  road  to  them  and 
are  earnestly  pushing  forward  the  good  work, 
and  I  have  no  doubt  will  have  their  part  of  the 
subscription  complete  in  a  very  short  time. 

As  we  must  await  the  completion  of  the  sub- 
scription before  ordering  our  material  from  the 
East,  or  taking  any  active  steps  in  the  construc- 
tion of  the  road,  it  is  desirable  to  have  the 
entire  matter  closed  without  delay  if  it  is  desired 
to  have  the  road  completed  this  year,  and  if 
there  has  so  far  been  only  §10,000  subscribed  for 
Brownsville  and  the  surrounding  country,  it  is 
necessary  that  it  push  the  work  with  more 
energy  if  it  would  not  be  left  in  the  race. 
Santa  Rosa  and  Napa. 

The  projecb  has  been  revived  for  the  construc- 
tion of  a  railroad  from  Santa  Rosa  to  some  point 
in  Napa  or  Solano  counties.  The  object  is  to 
place  Sonoma  county  generally  in  direct  com- 
munication with  the  Sacramento  valley  and  the 
railroad  system  of  the  State.  The  proposed 
road  will  also  be  of  advantage  in  other  ways. 
The  North  Pacific  railroad  will  soon  be  extended 
from  Clovei'dale  to  Ukiah.  This  will  make  the 
projected  road  an  outlet  generally  for  the  north- 


ern coast  counties.  All  passenger  travel  and 
freights  from  Sonoma  county  to  the  northern 
portions  of  the  State  are  now  carried  by  water 
to  San  Francisco,  and  thence  to  the  CentralPacific 
and  California  Pacific  railroads.  This  occasions 
great  loss  of  time,  besides  incurring  considerable 
expense  in  the  handling  of  freight.  Sonoma  is 
one  of  the  leading  counties  in  the  State  for  pro- 
ducing early  fruit;  but  the  growers  there  must 
remain  at  a  disadvantage,  so  far  as  Eastern 
markets  are  concerned,  until  there  is  direct 
communication  with  the  trans-continental  road. 

The  entire  length  of  the  proposed  road  will  be 
3S  miles,  of  which  the  distance  between  the 
towns  of  Sonoma  and  Napa  junction  is  13  miles. 
It  can  be  graded  its  whole  length  at  an  average 
cost  of  $1,500  per  mile.  The  ties  would  cost,  in 
addition,  §600  per  mile.  Engineering  and  other 
expenses  will  raise  the  cost  of  the  road-bed  to 
about  §125,000.  The  citizens  of  Sonoma  county 
propose  to  subscribe  that  amount,  grade  the 
road,  put  the  ties  down,  and  then  bond  it  to 
some  Eastern  manufacturing  firm  for  supplying 
rails  and  the  rolling  stock. 

There  is  still  a  large  area  of  redwood  forests 
in  Sonoma  county.  Although  they  are  within 
a  comparatively  short  distance  from  the  Sacia- 
mento  valley,  yet  lumber  from  the  mills  of 
Sonoma  for  that  district  has  to  be  carried  be- 
tween 200  and  300  miles.  The  projected  road 
will  open  direct  communication,  and  thus  in- 
crease the  facilities  for  putting  down  the  lumber 
of  Sonoma  in  all  the  counties  of  the  Sacramento 
valley.  Such  a  road  as  the  one  projected  must 
be  constructed  at  some  time,  or  Sonoma  county 
must  remain  isolated  from  the  northern  counties 
of  the  State. 

Atchison,  Topeka  and  Santa  Fe. 

According  to  the  Silver  City  Herald,  a  great 
reduction  has  been  made  in  the  passenger  fare 
on  this  road.  This  reduction  took  effect  Jan- 
uary 1st,  1S79.  To  all  points  in  Kansas  rates 
are  reduced  to  four  cents  per  mile.  Through 
rate  from  Trinidad  to  Kansas  City  is  §2S.  25. 
One  thousand  mile  tickets  will  be  sold  for  §30. 
No  second-class  or  shipper's  ticket  will  be  sold. 
Also,  freight  tariffs  have  been  greatly  reduced, 
and  bills  of  lading  will  be  made  by  agents  of 
the  A.  T.  &  S.  F.  to  all  points  on  the  D.  &  R.  G. 
South  Pacific  Coast  Narrow  Gauge. 

A  correspondent  of  the  Santa  Cruz  Sentinel 
writes  as  follows:  This  railroad  is  being  con- 
structed in  a  solid  and  substantial  manner,  the 
ties  and  iron  being  of  extra  thickness.  A  rail- 
road man  of  much  experience  says  that  it  will 
be  one  of  the  best  and  safest  roads  in  the  United 
States — that  is,  for  a  narrow-gauge.  The  road 
will  probably  not  stop  at  Santa  Cruz,  but  be  run 
on  south.  Branch  lines  will  probably  be  run  in 
through  Hihu's  Augmentation,  and  it  is  probable 
that  a  line  will  be  run  from  Felton  to  the  Great 
Basin.  The  camp  at  the  south  end  of  Tunnel 
No.  6,  presents  an  animated  appearance ;  450 
Chinamen  and  50  white  men  are  encamped  in 
the  canyon,  A  white  man  has  started  a  saloon, 
and  a  Chinaman,  a  store  and  opium  den.  The 
Chinamen  employed  by  the  contractors  are  all 
hired  from  two  companies  in  San  Francisco,  and 
are  little  better  than  slaves.  They  receive 
nothing  directly  from  the  men  for  whom  they 
work — all  the  money  is  paid  to  the  company, 
which  pays  them  when  the  contract  is  completed. 
In  Nevada. 

The  Gold  Hill  Neiva  of  Jan.  21st,  thus  dis- 
courses: D.  O.  Mills,  the  chief  owner  of  the 
Virginia  &.  Truckee  railroad,  has  returned  from 
his  Eastern  trip.  It  is  generally  understood 
that  his  mission  East  was  to  buy  railroad  iron 
and  rolling  stock  for  the  proposed  railroad  from 
the  Mound  house  to  Bodie.  The  contract  to 
cut  250,000  ties  was  made  last  September,  and 
they  are  ready  now.  In  a  year  the  road  will  be 
running  to  the  new  camp,  and  in  two,  it  will  be 
pressed  through  to  Los  Angeles,  and  give  us 
another  route  to  California.  It  will  be  of  the 
same  gauge  as  the  V.  &  T. 

Clinton  Narrow-Gauge  Railroad. 

The  San  Francisco  Bulletin,  of  January  24th, 
has  the  following:  This  is  a  private  enterprise 
seldom  spoken  of,  yet  of  considerable  magni- 
tude. It  is  used  for  logging  purposes,  and  is 
four  miles  in  length,  tapping  the  heavy  belt  of 
timber  near  Lake  Tahoe.  At  the  terminus  of 
the  road  there  is  a  chute  1,700  feet  long,  into 
which  the  logs  are  dumped.  Down  this  chute 
they  fly  and  fall  into  the  river.  Once  there  it  is 
an  easy  matter  to  take  the  logs  to  the  mills.  The 
workmen,  taking  advantage  of  the  hardness  of 
the  ground,  are  bringing  from  00,000  to  70,000 
logs  daily,  to  be  taken  down  in  the  spring.  The 
road  has  one  locomotive  of  seven  tons  weight, 
and  six  flat  cars.  The  cars  can  convey  100,000 
logs  daily  to  the  head  of  the  chute.  There  is 
talk  of  pushing  the  road  through  to  Lake  Tahoe 

To  Make  Iron  Take  a  Bright  Polish  Like 
Steel. — Pulverize  and  dissolve  the  following 
articles  in  one  quart  hot  water:  Blue  vitriol, 
one  oz. ;  borax,  one  oz. ;  prussiate  of  potash,  one 
oz. ;  charcoal,  one  oz. ;  salt,  one-half  pint;  then 
add  one  gallon  linseed  oil,  mix  well,  bring  your 
iron  or  steel  to  the  proper  heat  and  cool  in  the 
solution.  It  is  said  the  manufacturers  of  the 
Judson  governor  paid  §100  for  this  recipe,  the 
object,  being  to  case-harden  iron  so  that  it 
would  take  a  bright  polish  like  steel. 


A  great  deal  of  difficulty  is  experienced  in 
cementing  metal  to  glass.  The  Faerber  Zeitung 
says  that  a  mixture  of  two  parts  finely  ground 
litharge  and  one  part  white  lead,  and  working 
it  up  to  a  stiff  paste  with  three  parts  boiled  oil 
and  one  part  copal  varnish,  adding  more  lith- 
arge and  white  lead  as  required,  is  the  best  ma- 
terial for  joining  the  two  substances. 


felisipe^  birectory. 


WM.    BARTLINQ. 


HENRY    KLMBALL 


BARTLING    &    KIMBALL, 
BOOKBINDERS, 

Paper  Rulers  Sz  Blank  Book  Manufacturers. 
505  Clay  Street,(southwest  comer  Sansomc), 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 


Lewis  Peterson. 


John  Olsson. 


PETERSON   &.  OLSSON, 

Model  Makers,  and  Manufacturers  of  Em- 
blematic Signs.    Models  for  the  Patent 
Office,  in  Wood  or  Metal,  a  Specialty, 
NO-    328   BUSH   STREET, 

Bet.  Montgomery  and  Kearny,  {up  stairs),  San  Francisco. 
All  kinds  of  tin,  copper  anil  brass  work  made  to  o"der. 


San  Francisco  Cordage  Company.^ 

Established    1856. 

We  have  just  added  a  large  amount  of  new  machinery  of 
tbe  latest  and  must  improved  kind,  and  are  again  prepared 
to  iill  orders  for  Rope  of  any  special  lengths  and  sizes.  Con- 
stantly on  hand  a  large  stock  of  Manila  Rope,  all  sizes: 
Tarred  Manila  Rope;  Hay  Rope;  Whale  Line,  etc  ,  etc 
TUBBS  &  CO., 
611  and  C13  Front  Street,  San  Francisco 


z>icm^ 


MANUFACTURED  BY 


el  zr,oy:e:r,, 

Noa.  866,  857,  859  &  8G1  Bryant  Street,  Cor.  Park  Avenue 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 


CAUTION 

To  Hydraulic  Miners. 

The  public  generally  and  Hydraulic  Miners  especially 
are  hereby  notified  that  any  parties  making  or  using-  tbe 
contrivance  known  as  the  HOSKIN  DEFLECTOR  will  be 
prosecuted  to  the  full  extent  of  the  law,  said  machine 
having  been  declared  by  the  U.  S.  Circuit  Court  an  in- 
fringement upon  my  patent,  the 

Bloomfield  Deflecting  Nozzle. 

The  public  are  also  cautioned  against  using  the  Hoskin 
Deflector  because  of  its  danger  to  life  and  limb,  this  de- 
vice having  already  occasioned  several  deaths  and  other 
serious  accidents.  The  BLOOMFIELD  DEFLECTOR  is 
entirely  safe,  its  two  and  a  half  years  use  without  acci- 
dent, as  well  as  its  construction,  proves  it  to  be  a  reliable 
contrivance. 

Any  parties  wishing  to  purchase  the  right  to  use  these 
Deflectors  can  do  so  by  applying  to  the  undersigned, 

HENRY  C.  PERKINS, 
North  Bloomfield,  Nevada  Co.,  Cil.,  Octo- 
ber 1st,  1878. 

J,  S.  PHILLIPS,  m.  e., 

Consulting  Engineer  I  Metallurgist, 
Examiner  of  Mines  and  Assayer, 

702    CALIFORNIA     STREET.', 
AuOior  of—  — ■  ■  ■  -  San  Francisco. 

The  Explorers',  Miners' and  Metallurgists' Companion, 

\bV±  pages,  S3  Illustrations,  (2d  Edition.)    Price $  10  50 

The  prospector's  "  Wee  Pet  "  Assayer,  (Patented) 100  00 

The  Testing  Machine  for  Gold,  Silver,  Lead,  etc 40  00 

The   "Little  Wonder"  Self-calculating  Sample  and 

ru  ton  Weigher.  (Patented) 25  00 

Blow-pipists'  Pocket  Laboratory  of  Tools,  Fluxes,  etc.    50  00 

Vest  Pocket  Blowpipe 3  00 

CHARGES.— Assaying,  $3;  Testing,  $2  per  metal 

Assaying  and  Testing  Taught. 


PRINTER'S   PROOF   PRESS, 

COMPLETE    AND    IN    GOOD    WORKING    ORDER, 

[For  Sale  at  this  office, 
AT   THE    LOW    PRICE    OF    $37.50. 

tfSTCall  ami  see  it.°^S& 

Pocket  Map  of  California  and  Nevada. 

Compiled  from  the  latest  authentic  sources,  by  Cbas. 
Drayton  Gibbs,  C.  E.  This  map  comprises  information 
obtained  from  the  U.  S.  Coast  and  Land,  Whitney's  State 
Geological,  and  Railroad  Surveys;  and  from  the  results  of 
explorations  made  by  R.  S.  Williamson,  U.  S.  A.,  Henry 
Degroot,  C.  D.  Gibbs  and  others.  The  scale  is  IS  miles  to 
1  inch.  It  gives  the  Judicial  and  U.  S.  Land  Districts. 
It  distinguishes  the  Townships  and  their  subdivisions;  the 
County  Seats;  The  Military  Posts;  the  Railroads  built  and 
proposed,  and  the  limits  of  some  of  them;  the  occurrence 
of  gold,  silver,  copper,  quicksilver,  tin,  coal  and  oil.  It 
has  a  section  showing  the  bights  of  the  principal  moun- 
tains. The  boundaries  are  clear  and  unmistakable,  and 
tbe  print  good.  1S7S.  Sold  by  DEWEY  &  CO.  Price, 
postpaid,  $2;  to  subscribers  of  this  journal,  until  further 
notice,  SI. 


DEFLEGTED    HEAT! 

Boswell's  Combined!  Heater.  Cooker, 
ker,  Clothes'and  Fruit  .Drier. 


Ba- 


Combining  the  advantages  of  a  Stove,  Furnace,  Oven, 
Dry  House  and  Kitchen  Range.  An  application  of  Scientific 
Principles  to  the  economy  of  living,  of  labor,  of  health  and 
of  comfort.  A  handsome  piece  of  Furniture  adapted  to  the 
wants  of  every  family.  It  equally  economizes  time,  laborand 
fuel,  and  avoids  exposure  to  heat  in  cooking  as  well  as  in 
baking.  It  bakes  Bread.  Cakes  and  Pies  to  any  deBired  tint 
without  turning  or  watching,  or  danger  of  burning.  All 
odors  produced  in  cooking  are  passed  up  the  flue.  Food 
cooked  by  deflected  heat  is  improved  in  flavor,  more  easily 
digested,  contains  more  nutriment,  will  keep  fresh  longer, 
and  is  also  much  improved  in  appearance.  Tbe  stages  of  the 
cooking  or  baking  can  be  seen  without  stooping  or  opening 
the  doors  of  the  oveu.  It  will  dry  and  bleach  your  clothes  in 
from  half  an  hour  to  one  hour  and  a  half,  and  heat  your  irons. 

Fruit  dried  in  the   Boswell   will   gain  from  twenty  to  J 

FORTY  PER  CENT,    in    WEIGHT,    and   THIRTY  PER  OENT.   in  1 

quality  over  that  dried  by  auy  other  process.  It  will  sue-  1 
cessfully  dry  any  kind  of  Fruit,  Grapes,  Berries,  Meats,  Fish,  I 
Vegetables,  Coffee,  Tobacco,  Corn  and  Grain  of  all  kinds.  ! 


Boswell's  Commercial   Fruit  Drier, 

Used  exclusively  for  drying  and  heating  purposes  on  a  large 
scale. 

—  ALSO  — 

B0SWELLS    CABINET   HEATER, 

Of  all  sizes  and  capacity  for  heating  Private  Residences, 
Hotels,  Halls,  School  Houses,  Churches,  Offices,  Stores, 
Railroad  Cars,  Hospitals,  etc. 

All  of  which  can  be  operated  suceeBBfully  by  a  mere  child, 
it  is  so  simple  in  its  construction,  and  with  one-third  the 
usual  amount  of  fuel  (coal  or  wood),  used  in  any  other  heat- 
ing, cooking  or  drying  apparatus. 

Every  farmer  and  economical  housekeeper  should  use  it. 
It  will  pay  for  itself  in  the  saving  of  fuel;  it  will  pay  in  the 
superior  character  of  its  fruit  drying,  of  its  cooking, 
roasting  and  raking;  it  will  pay  in  its  salubrious  and 
healthful  warm  air;  it  will  pay  the  rich  and  tbe  poor  alike. 

Address,  for  Price  List  and  descriptive  illustrated  circulars, 

Boswell  Pure  Air  Heater  Co., 

No.  C06  Montgomery  Street,  San  Francisco,  California. 
S.  R.  LIPPINCOTT,  Secretary. 

EUGENE  L.  SULLIVAN,  Pres't 


Barlow  J.  Smith.  M.  D. 

Consulting    Physician, 

Professor   of  Phrenology  and 
Mental  Hygiene. 

Proprietor  of  the  Smithsonian  Medical  and  'Phrenologica 

Institute,  035  California  Street,  above  Kearny. 

This  Institute,  by  combining  medical  hygiene  with  the 
various  Water  Cure  treatments  and  tbe  most  powerful  Elec- 
trized Horseshoe  Magnet  in  the  world,  claims  to  cure  speed- 
ily ana  permanently  all  forms  of  acute  or  chronic  nerve- 
vital  derangements,  Brain,  Spinal  and  Heart  diseases,  St. 
Vitus  Dance,  Palsy,  Epilepsy  and  all  Rheumatic,  Liver  and 
Kidney  troubles.  The  institution  has  for  the  past  20  years 
made  a  specialty  of  treating  all  forms  of  weaknesses  and  dis- 
eases peculiar  to  males  and  females.  By  the  use  of  hygienic 
remedies  and  electro-motorpathy  the  worst  forms  of  impo- 
tency  and  seminal  weakness  in  males  and  sterility  in  fe- 
males are  speedily  and  permanentiy  overcome.  Hygienic 
board,  with  or  without  rooms.  Terms  moderate.  Electro- 
thermal, Russo-Turkish  and  Medicated   Baths    given  daily. 

Mrs.  Dr.  Smith  as  Matron  has  charge  of  the  female  bath- 
ing department. 

De.  Smith  has  practiced  Phrenology  the  past  30  years, 
and  during  tbe  last  20  years  has  been  constantly  using  the 
science  connected  with  Physiognomy,  in  examining  or  diag- 
nosing disease  in  this  city,  and  claims  to  have  made  discov- 
eries in  the  SciKNCE':  of  Phrenology  that  enables  him,  by  an 
examination  of  the  head,  eveu  blindfolded,  to  determine  the 
disease  to  which  the  person  is  constitutionally  subject,  or 
whether  the  disease  at  the  time  afflicting  the  person,  iB  the 
result  of  accident  or  hereditary  weakness  ;  whether  Con- 
sumptive, Dyspeptic,  Rheumatic,  Apoplectic,  Neu- 
ralgic, LEUCORHH<EAX,or  Seminal.  Especially  does  the 
form  of  the  head  indicate  the  strength  of  the  uterine,  geni- 
tal or  reproductive  system.  The  head  is  also  an  indei  of  the 
natural  strength  of  tbe  lungs,  heart,  stomach,  liver,  kidneys, 
spleen,  back  or  vertebra,  and  it  determines  the  power  of  the 
system  in  warding  off  and  overcoming  disease  of  all  kinds. 

Ladies  or  gentlemen,  desirous  of  obtaining  a  thorough  and 
correct  Phrenological  examinations  with  Fowler  and  WellB 
harts,  will  meet  with  a  respecful  reception  at  bis  consulting 
rooms.  Parties  can  depend  upon  a  reliable  delineation  of 
the  character  of  their  intimate  male  or  female  friends,  by 
presenting  a  clearly  defined  photograph. 

Phrenological  or  Physiognomical  examinations  without 
charts,  $1.50  ;  with  charts,  from  S2  to  S3. 

INVITATION  TO  INVALIDS 
And  all  persons  who  are  in  any  way  out  of  health,  who  de- 
sire to  know  the  nature  and  causes  of  their  disease,  may 
avail  themselves  of  an  examination  through  phrenology  in 
regard  to  nealth  free  of  charge,  between  the  hours  of  9  a.  M. 
and  S  P.  M,     Sundays  from  9  a    m,  to  12  M. 


Dewey  &  Co{2002mest?:}Patent  Ag'ts 


March  i,  1879. j 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


139 


Metallurgy  and  (te       ELECTRIC   LIGHT. 


Nevada    Metallurgical    Works, 

No  23   STEVENSON  STREET. 
N<mr  Finit  Lkinl  Mirk.t  Mreeta. 

Ores  worked  by  auy  process. 
Ores  sampled. 

AsiAviMi  in  all  its  branches. 
Aualywiu  «»f  On.-**,  Minerals,  Waters,  etc. 
Working  tests  make, 

Phum  furnished  fur  the  most  suit&blo   process 
;  king  Ores, 
i    attention    paid    to     Kx  animations   of 
ilines;  plans  and  reports  furnished. 

E.  HUHN, 

C.  A.  LUCKHARDT, 
Mining  Engineers  and  Metallurgists 

JOHN  TAYLOR  &  CO., 

bnparten  oJ  and  Dealers,  in 

ASSAYERS'  MATERIALS, 

HEMICAL  APPARATUS  AND  CHEMICALS,  DRUG- 
GISTS' GLASSWARE  AND  SUNDRIES,  Etc. 

612  &  518  Washington  St.,  San  Francisco 

I   we  would  call  tlio  special  attention  of  Assaycra,  Cliem- 
ililli  ■■;    >    imponie  i,    Prosp  ctore, 
I  ■  our   bUw  1.    ul    CIuj    1  ru<  ibles,  Muffles,  Dry  Cups, 
manufactured  bj  the  Patent  Plumbago  Cruci- 
ble Co  .  of  London,  England,  (or  which  we  have 
la  SoU  Agent*  for  the  Pacyfic   Coast.    Circulars 
<  will  bu  BOlit  upon  application. 
Alto,  to  our  I    :  id  well  adapted  stock  of 

nssayers'  Materials  &  Chemical  Apparatus, 

n  cuioi^'ed  in  fiimiHliiiie  these  supplies  since 
in*  Brvi  discoi  erj  "i  rninoa  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 
I  SaTOor  Gold  and  Bllver  Tables,  showing  the  value  per 
mnoe  Troy  at  different  degrees  ol  fineness,  and  valuable 
■  vll.  -  i.. 1  oitiipuiatiMii  of  assays  iii  grains  and  grammes, 
Kill  be  sent  free  upon  application. 

JOHN    TAYLOR    &    CO. 


BRUSH     PATENT. 

The  Best,  Cheapest,  Cleanest,  and  Most  Powerful  Light  in  the  World 

In  daily  use  at  the  Palace  Hotel  and  the  Union  Iron  Works,  S.  P. 


OTTOKAR  HOFMANN, 
METALLURGIST  and  MINING  ENGINEER, 

flS  MJ  tfllon  8t.,  bet.  Flmt  and  Fremont  Streets, 
SAN    FRANCISCO. 
OTErcction  of  Leaching    Works  a  Specialty. 
CT'Leachinsr  Tests  mode. 


LEOPOLD   KUH, 

(Formerly  uf  the  U.  S.  liranch  Mint,  S.  F.) 

Assayer    and    Metallurgical    Chemist, 

No.  611  COMMERCIAL  STREET, 
(Between  Montgomery  mill  Kearny,) 

San  Fhascibco,  Cal. 


TKOS.   PRICE'S 

Assay    Office    and    Chemical 
Laboratory, 

524  Sacramento  St.,  S.  F. 


IK-  F.  Dbbtkem.  Wit.  E.  Smith. 

PIONEER  REDUCTION  WORKS, 

Channel  Street,  off  foot  of  Fourth, San  Francisco,  Cal. 

lighest  prioo  paid  for  Sulphurets  Araeniurets,  Tellurides 
and  Gold  Ores  generally. 

Careful  attention  paid  to  pnictie.il  working  tests  on  a 
large  scale  of  Gold-bearing  Quartz  and  ores  of  a  refractory 
mid  sulphurated  nature. 

Will  examine,  report  on,  and  survey  mining  properties. 


METALLURGICAL    WORKS, 
STRONG    &,    CO.,   10  Stevenson   Street, 

ORES  SAMPLED,  TESTED,  ASSAYED. 


GUIDO      KUSTEL, 

MINING  ENGINEER  and  METALLURGIST. 

P.    O     Address:    ALAMEDA,     CAL. 


F.  MOORECROFT, 

Stone  Seal  Engraver 

THURLOW    BLOCK, 

Room  38,  126  Kearny  St.,  Cor.  Sutter,  San  Francisco. 

Coats  of  Arms,  Crests,  Monograms  and  Ma- 
sonic Inscriptions  Carefully  Engraved. 


MET  MSasm  NAVY 

CllBWillaafes  " 

Awarded  highest  prise  nt  Centennial  Exposition  for 
Arte  chewing  qualities  nnil  er.rrlletice  tt:itl  lmling  char- 
acter  0/  eweeteitintj  and  Jiattnring.  Tlio  nest  tobacco 
ever  made.  An  our  bine  strip  Iradc-msrk  is  closely 
Imitated  on  Inferior  (roods,  see  that  Jaefcson*.  /test  ifl 
on  every  pine/.  Sold  by  all  dealers.  Send  for  sample, 
free,  to  0.  4.  Jackson  .'-.  Co.,  Mfrs.,  Petersburg,  "fc 

L.  &  E.  WERTHHEIMER,  Ag'ts,  San  Francisco. 


For  Lighting  Mines,  Factories,  Mills,  Streets, 
Theaters,  Public  Halls,  Etc.,  It  has  no  Equal, 
either  for  Brilliancy  or  Cheapness. 

For  further  particulars,  Catalogues,  Prices,  Etc., 
apply  to 

WILLIAM    KERR, 

President  S.  F.  Telegraph  Supply  Co., 

903  Battery  St.,  San  Francisco. 


'FK.A.ISrGIS   SMITH  &c  CO., 

MANUFACTURERS     OF 

THE  PATENT  CHANNEL  IRON  WHEELBARROWS, 


H 

LU 

LlI 

I 

C/3 


Q. 


O 


o 


■0 


CO 

I 
m 
m 
H 


Machinery. 


The  Strongest  Barrow  Made.  These  Barrows  arc  made  by  Superior  Workmen,  and  of  the  beat  matorial. 
All  sizes  kept  constantly  oil  hand. 

Lap-Welded  Pipe,  all  Sizes,  from  Three  to  Six  Inches.  Artesian  Well  Pipe    Also,  Gal- 
vanized Iron  Boilers,  from  Twenty-five  to  One  Hundred  Gallons. 

Iron  Cut,  Punched,  and  Formed  for  making  pipe  on  ground,  where  required.  All  kinds  of  tools  supplied  for 
making  pipe.  Estimates  given  when  required.  Are  prepared  for  coating  all  size  of  pipes  with  a  composition  of 
Coal  Tar  and  Asphaltum. 

Office  and  Manufactory.  130  BEALE  STREET,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


SAVE    YOUR    GOLD! 


Highly  Important  to  Miners  and  Quartz  Mill  Men! 

o 

SILVER  PLATED  COPPER  AMALGAMATING  PLATES. 

The  BEST  PROCESS  yet  discovered  for   SAVING  FINE  GOLD.     Extensively   used  in 
Mines  and  Quartz  Mills.     Over  five  hundked  orders  have  been  filled  for  these  Plates. 

SAN  FRANCISCO  GOLD,  SILVER,  NICKEL  AND  COPPER^LATING  WORKS, 

Nos.  653  and  655  Mission  Street,  San  Francisco. 

E.    G.    DENNISTON, PROPRIETOR. 


In  consequence  of  spurious  i7iiitations  of 

LEA    AND     PERRINS'    SAUCE, 

which  are  calculated  to  deceive  the  Public,  Lea  and  Perrins 
have  adopted  A  NEW  LABEL,  bearing  their  Signature, 
thus. 


PACIFIC  MACHINERY  DEPOT. 

H.    P.    GREGORY    &    CO., 

Cor.  California  &  Market  Streets,  S.  P.  Cal 

Importers  of  ana  Dealers  in 

Machinery  of  all  Descriptions. 

BOLE  .VOICNTS  FOR  PACIFIC  COAST  FOR 

J.  A.  Fay  &  Co.'s  Woodworking  Machinery, 

Bement  &  Sons'  Machinists'  Tools, 

Blake's  Patent  Steam  Pumps, 

N.  Y.  Belting  &  Packing  Co.'s  Rubber  Goods 

Sturtevant  Blowers  and  Exhaust  Pane, 

Tanite  Co.'s  Emery  Wheels  and  Machinery 

Payne's  Vertical  Engines  and  Boilers, 

Tudson's  Standard  Govornors, 

Dreyfus'  Self  Oilers, 

Gould  Manufacturing  Co.'s  Hand  Pumps, 

Piatt's  Patent  Fuse  Lighters, 

Lovejoy's  Planer  Knives. 

A    H:|,L    LINK  OF 

Belting,  Packing,  Hose,  and  Other 
Mill  and  Mining  Supplies  on  Hand. 

CaTSend  lor  IIluBtruteil  Catalosue. 


C.   U.  EVANS 


THOMSON   &   EVANS, 

(Successors  to  Thomson  &  Paiikku.)] 

Engineers  and  Machinists. 


o£e.tZsc)&Lr. 


•which  is  placed  on  evcy  bottle  of  WORCESTERSHIRE 
SA  UCE,  and  without  which  none  is  genuine. 

Ask  for  LEA  &•  PERRIlVS'  Smtce,  and  see  Name  on  Wrapper,  Label,  Mottle  anil  Stopper. 
Wholesale  and  for  Export  by  the  Proprietors,  Worcester  ;   Crosse  atttl  B  'ackwell,  London 
dye,  eye;  and  by  Grocer*  and  Oilmen  throv  hout  the  Wo  Id 

To  be  obtained  of  CROSS  &  CO..  San  Pranclsco. 


Engraving  done  at  Ihis  office,      I 


HEMORRHOIDS  OR  PILES, 

A  treatise  on  their  scientific  treatment  and  radical  cure, 
by  E.  J.  FRAZER,  M.  D.,  San  Francisco..'_Price,  25  cents; 
for  sale  at  the  bookstores  and  by  the  author  at  2'21  Powell 
street.  Sent  by  mail  to  any  address  on  receipt  oi  the 
price  in  coin,  currency  or  postagestamps. 


Picturesque 
Arizona. 


By  E.  CONKL1N,  Rcprcsenta- 
liveof  the  National  Associated 
Press,  and  artist  and  corres- 
pondent of  Frank  Leslie's  pub- 
icatioiiB.  Peine;  the  result  of  Travels  and  Observations  in 
Arizona  during;  the  fall  and  winter  of  1877.  Fully  illus- 
trated. Sent  by  mail,  post  paid,  for  S2.00.  Address, 
DEWEY  &  CO.,  202  Sansome  Street,  S.  F. 


Steam  Pumps,  Steam  Engines,  Hoisting, 

Pumping,  Quartz  Mill,  Mining,  Saw 

Mill   Machinery,   Specialties. 

Plans  and  Specifications  for  Machinery  furnished.     Re- 
pairing promptly  attended  to. 

110  &  112  Beale  St.,  San  Francisco,. 

FOR    SALE. 


SEVERAL  SECOND-HAND 

PORTABLE   ENGINES, 

FOE  SALE  CHEAP. 

Sizes,  from  eight    horse-power   to  twenty-five   horse- 
power.    IN  PERFECT  RUNNING  ORDER.     Apply  to 

JOSEPH  ENRIGHT, 

San  Jose,  California. 


-*"  .«.  STEAM  ENCINES  Jt^ 


BERRY  &  PLACE, 

—  SAN  FRANClSCO.CAL.— 


CIRCULARS  SENT  fREETO  I 


THE  IMPROVED  O'HARRA 

OHLORIDIZING  FURNACE. 

Patented  Sept.  lOtb,  1878. 

Now  in  Operation  at  the  Extra  Mining  Co.'s 
Works,  Copper  City,  Shasta  Co.,  Cal. 

Two  men  and  two  cords  of  wood  roast 

forty  Tons  of  Ore  in  Twenty-four  Kours, 

Giving  a  full  chlorination  (lOOX)  at  a  coat  of  30  cents  per 
on.    Address,         • 

O'HARRA    &    FERGUSON, 
Fumacoville,  Shasta  Co,,  Cal 
Or  CHAS.  W.  CRANE,  Agent, 

Room  10,  Safe  Deposit  Building,  San  Francisco. 


507  Mechanical  Movements. 

Every  mechanic  Should  have  a  copy  of  Brown's  507  Me- 
chanical Movements,  illustrated  and  described,  Inventors, 
model  makers  and  amateur  mechanics  and  students,  will 
find  the  work  valuable  far  beyond  its  cost.  Sold  by 
Dkwey  &  Co.,  Patent  Agents  and  publishers  of  Mining 
and  Scikntifio  Press,  San  Francisco.  Price,  $1,  (post  paid. 


140 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[March  i,  1879. 


[Continued  from  page  133.] 


very  smoothly  on  Jackson  ore,  mixed  with  other  ores, 
smelting  daily  35  to  36  tons.  Ore  is  being  delivered  from 
the  Williams,  Adams  Hill,  Dunderberg,  Bullwhacker  and 
other  mines. 

Major  McCoy  is  working  eight  men  in  the  Grant,  and 
taking-  out  some  rich  silver  and  lead  ore.  No  mine  in  the 
district  gives  brighter  promise  of  a  rich  yield. 

Parties  from  Tern  Pahute  say  that  the  Wyandotte  com- 
pany's ledge  is  eight  feet  wide  in  ore  of  a  high  grade. 
Twenty-eight  men  are  employed,  and  no  more  are  needed. 
The  company  has  labored  under  many  disadvantages,  es- 
pecially in  regard  to  water,  which  they  are  gradually 
overcoming.  Tbey  propose  to  bring  water  a  distance  of 
SO  miles.  The  company's  hills  are  paid  regularly  every 
month. 
PARADISE  DISTRICT. 

Paradise  Valley.—  Silver  State,  Feb.  24:  At  north 
drift  below  tunnel  No.  1  the  ledge  is  considerably  mixed 
with  slate  in  the  upper  part  of  the  drift.  The  slate  is 
crowding  down  on  the  ledge.  Bottom  of  drift  nearly  all 
in  quartz.  Tunnel  No.  2  will  soon  be  under  this  drift  and 
below  the  break.  A  fine  ledge  of  high  grade  ore  is  ex- 
posed in  the  Bray  cut.  No  work  is  being  done  at  this 
point.  Work  on  tunnel  No.  2  is  being  pushed  ahead,  and 
will  soon  strike  the  ore  body,  which  will  lessen  the  cost 
of  extracting.  In  the  fifth  level  and  open  cut  a  fine  body 
of  ore  is  being  opened  up.  The  ledge  on  the  fourth  drift, 
which  has  been  small  and  of  a  low  grade,  is  improving 
very  rapidly,  both  in  size  of  ledge  and  quality  of  ore. 
From  present  indications  we  shall  soon  open  up  a  flue 
body  of  ore  in  this  part  of  the  mine.  In  tunnel  No.  5 
work  is  progressing  very  slowly,  as  but  one  shift  is  being 
worked.  This  work  is  being  done  by  contract.  The  mine 
is  extracting  and  shipping  daily  about  10  tons  of  ore  to 
the  Rye  Patch  mill;  also  taking  out  a  quantity  of  low 
grade  ore,  which  will  pay  to  mill  when  the  company  erects 
a  mill. 

WHITE  PINE  DISTRICT. 

The  Baldy  Souk  Company. —Eureka  Sentinel,  Feb.  16: 
Col.  Robinson  has  ordered  work  commenced  on  the  Baldy 
Sour  and  Sweetwater  mines.  On  the  former,  which  has 
100  feet  of  tunnel  completed,  a  contract  has  been  let  to 
drift  north.  A  contract  has  also  been  let  to  sink  a  shaft 
on  the  Sweetwater  mine.  The  indications  on  these  two 
mines  are  very  encouraging.  Col.  E.  N.  Robinson  is 
President  of  the  Baldy  Sour  company,  and  left  for  New 
York  several  days  ago,  where  be  will  perfect  hia  financial 
arrangements,  and  return  to  White  Pine  in  a  couple  of 
months. 

REESE  RIVER  DISTRICT. 

Western  Nye.— Grantsville  Sun,  Feb.  17:  The  Alex- 
ander mine  is  yielding  richer  ore  than  ever,  and  new  dis- 
coveries and  rich  developments  are  constantly  being 
made.  The  mill  has  been  running  uninterruptedly  during 
the  past  week,  and  is  doing  splendid  work.  The  company 
have  shipped  S9,000  in  bullion. 

BELMONT  DISTRICT. 

Bblmont.  —Courier,  Feb.  22:  The  mine  is  looking  fully 
as  well  as  at  any  time,  and  the  stopes  yielding  their  usual 
amount  of  rich  ore.  Have  advanced  300  level  drift  11  feet 
during  the  past  week  in  hard-blasting  ground;  are  at 
present  running  in  the  footwall,  but  expect  to  be  in  ledge 
again  by  the  end  of  the  coining  week.  The  vein  in  this 
level  has  been  very  irregular  its  entire  distance  from  the 
shaft,  and  to  avoid  making  sharp  curves  in  a  working 
drift,  they  are  compelled,  at  times,  to  go  in  foot  or  hang- 
ing wall.  Have  advanced  south  raise,  north  end  of  mine, 
15*  feet  in  a  good,  strong  vein  of  quartz,  which  is  three 
feet  thick  to-day  at  face,  showing  some  nice  bunches  of 
ore  all  through  it,  but  is  not  rich  enough  to  pay  for  sav- 
ing yet.  Number  of  tons  assorted  ore  for  the  week,  12; 
average  assay,  ©106. 

Hiqhbridgk.— During  the  week  the  usual  amount  of 
work  has  been  done  in  the  different  ore  stopes  with  good 
results.  On  the  lower  level  they  have  advanced  the  drift 
north  25  feet;  total  distance  from  shaft,  50  feet.  South 
drift  advanced  32  feet;  total,  47  feet. 

a  Gila.  —During  the  past  week  the  crosscut  was  advanced 
18  feet,  with  little  change  in  material.  In  cutting  out  for 
the  station,  104  feet  below  this  crosscut,  they  discovered 
a  promising  streak  of  vein  matter.  They  are  in  on  it  now 
a  distance  of  20  feet,  with  very  encouraging  prospects. 
It  will  be  followed  until  some  change  takes  place,  when 
sinking  will  be  resumed  in  the  winze,  which  cannot  bo 
done  at  present  with  their  limited  hoisting  facilities;  the 
rock  being  soft  in  both  places,  either  one  of  which  will 
keep  the  windlass  constantly  employed.  The  south  drift 
winze  shows  no  change. 

AEIZONA. 

Globe  District.—  Sileer  Belt,  Feb.  21  :  There  is  a  con- 
tinued improvement  in  the  quality  of  the  quartz  found  in 
the  Metamora  shaft,  now  in  160  feet.  We  hear  good  ac- 
counts from  the  mines  at  Gold  Hill  and  Lost  Gulch  sec- 
tions. They  hold  out  well  when  sunk  upon.  A  new  dis- 
covery has  just  been  made  of  a  very  large  lode,  carrying 
both  gold  and  silver.  There  is  a  prospect  of  the  Miami 
mill  getting  a  liberal  support  from  this  region  at  an  early 
day.  At  the  end  of  a  21-foot  drift,  in  the  120-foot  shaft  of 
the  Silver  Queen,  property  of  L.  G.  Crane,  the  ledge  has 
been  struck  showing  leaf  silver.  The  Alice  shaft  is  down 
95  feet  and  a  streak  of  18  inches  of  good  ore  is  found  in 
the  bottom.  There  is  some  nice  ore  on  the  dump.  Fifteen 
miners  at  work  ou  the  McCormick  mine.  New  discovery 
in  the  tunnel  of  Stonewall  Jackson  is  rich,  and  promises 
to  be  extensive.  The  Washington  lode,  formerly  known 
as  the  Aiken,  promises  well.  The  Hannibal  Mining  Co. 
has  let  a  contract  to  run  a  drift  in  good  ore.  Work  is  to 
be  resumed  on  the  Champion  mine. 

Patagonia  District.—  Sentinel,  Feb.  23  :  The  murder 
of  Messrs.  Finlay  and  Adams  caused  the  suspension  of 
operations,  though  the  mine  was  then  making  a  splendid 
showing.  The  ore  vein  is  of  great  size  and  fair  grade,  and 
magnificent  bodies  of  metal  have  already  been  exposed. 
The  mine  lies  in  a  thickly  wooded  and  grassy  country; 
close  to  the  cheap  labor  and  cheap  supplies  of  the  Santa 
Cruz  valley;  and  within  little  over  247  miles  of  the  sea- 
port of  Guaymas,  over  an  excellent  natural  road  now 
about  to  be  used  for  the  new  Guayinas  railroad. 

Pafago  Mining  District.— Star,  Feb.  20  :  The  shaft  on 
the  Alleghany  is  down  30  feet  with  rich  chlorides  at  the 
bottom.  Shaft  is  five  feet  wide  and  all  in  ore,  and  the 
width  of  the  vein  has  not  yet  been  ascertained  as  it  is 
much  wider  than  the  shaft.  The  ore  assays  from  §75  to 
8100  in  silver.  On  the  Pittsburg  there  are  three  shafts, 
the  one  now  being  opened  is  down  eight  feet,  going  down 
on  the  foot  wall,  and  has  three  feet  of  metal.  This  ore 
averages  from  §50  to  $150  per  ton  in  silver.  The  San  Juan 
has  two  tunnels,  the  first  on  south  end  of  the  lead  is  in  137 
feet.  There  is  a  shaft  on  the  Itad  in  the  tunnel  20  feet 
deep  and  the  metal  at  the  bottom  of  this  shaft  is  14  inches 
wide.  The  tunnel  on  the  north  end  is  47  feet.  Shaft  upon 
the  lead  in  this  tunnel  is  18  feet  deep  and  has  eight  inches 
of  rich  ore  and  a  large  body  of  average  rock.  Several  ex- 
perts have  examined  this  mine  and  made  assavs  which 
average  §100  to  the  ton, 

UTAH. 

Bingham.— Cor.  Salt  Lake  Tribune,  Feb.  23:  The 
amount  of  ore  in  the  Bulldozer  in  deposit  is  difficult  to 
estimate.  A  drift  of  280  feet  has  been  run  entirely  in 
gold-bearing  ore,  free  milling  and  bearing  no  lead.  At 
the  outset  the  footwall  was  struck,  since  which  time  the 
drift  has  been  run  entirely  in  ore.  Free  gold  is  frequently 
met  with,  and  the  pan  produces  colors  in  evervwash.  As 
this  mine  is  in  close  proximity  to  the  Stewart,  upon  the 
same  hill  and  the  same  character  of  ore,  there  is  no  doubt 
that  it  will  rank  as  high  as  any  in  the  canyon.  A  recent 
strike  in  Barney  gulch  is  attracting  attention.  The  loca- 
tion was  made  last  December,  consequently  not  much 
work  has  been  done.  It  is  named  the  Greenhorn.  An  in- 
cline has  been  run  on  the  vein  about  20  feet,  and  several 
holes  sunk  to  trace  the  vein,  which  has  been  found  to  ex- 
tend over  500  feet.  Assays  made  from  various  portions  of 
the  vein  run  from  Sll  to  S40  gold,  carrying  but  little  sil- 


ver and  no  lead.  The  Saturn  1b  turning  out  some  fine 
galena  ore.  It  is  now  under  lease  to  Klopenstein  &  Co. 
The  Moscow  and  Centennial  are  workiDg  on  ore.  The 
Bully  Boy  has  been  leased  to  Ben  Kennedy  and  McCourt 
for  a  period  of  nine  months.  Mr.  Duignan  is  working  the 
Silver  Hill  with  tolerable  prospects.  The  Ashland  is  be- 
ing worked  under  lease  by  Jackson,  Trinneman  &  Co. 
They  are  making  a  shipment  of  about  25  tons  of  good 
ore. 

Mining  Notes.— Silver  Reef  Miner,  Feb.  15:  A  rich 
strike  is  reported  to  have  been  made  in  the  Compton 
mine,  adjoining  the  Durfin  mine.  The  ore  was  struck  in 
the  tunnel  at  a  distance  of  160  feet,  showing  a  body  of 
about  four  feet  of  ore.  The" sinking  on  the  Stormont  mine 
goes  regularly  on  at  the  rate  of  about  two  feet  every  24 
hours.  The  "vein  of  ore  is  six  feet  thick,  three  feet  of 
which  is  hieh-grade  ore.  When  an  additional  depth  of  50 
feet  is  attained,  stoping  of  the  ore  will  be  commenced. 
Pahria  and  Jackson  have  become  synonymous  words  for 
fraud,  humbug,  and  bilk. 


News  in  Brief. 

Major  Beno  is  not  to  be  court-martialed. 

Santa  Rosa  had  an   earthquake  on  the  19th. 

Another  revolution  has  broken  out  in  Hayti. 

A  strike  has  occured  in  two  cotton  mills  at 
St.  Petersburg. 

There  are  no  flowers  in  Stanislaus  county  this 
month,  as  usual. 

A  New  Yorker  has  started  to  ride  on  horse- 
back to  Patagonia. 

A  rise  in  the  Loire  is  causing  disastrous  in- 
undations at  Nantes. 

Gen.  Sherman  will  leave  the  Bast  April  1st 
for  the  Pacific  coast. 

The  police  put  a  stop  to  the  female  boxing 
match  in  the  city. 

English  hams  are  preferred  to  American  in 
the  Brazilian  market. 

Electric  lights  are  being  introduced  into 
business  houses  in  the  city. 

In  Big  Cottonwood  Canyon,  Utah,  there  were 
13  snow  slides  on  the  10th. 

The  police  have  so  far  made  164  arrests  in 
this  city  the  present  month. 

New  York  Custom  House  officials  are  collect- 
ing duties  on  smuggled  dogs. 

Two  hunters  were  murdered  by  Indians  near 
Deadwood  on  the  20th  inst. 

Halifax  is  blocka  led  by  snow.  The  drifts 
in  some  places  are  20  feet  deep. 

The  United  States  frigate  Constitution  has 
been  towed  into  Lisbon  disabled. 

The  British  steamer  Zanzibar  from  New 
York  to  Glasgow  is  reported  lost. 

Anew  vein  of  coal  has  been  discovered  in 
North  Park  Colorado  18  feet  thick. 

Grand  Duke  Nicholas  of  Russia  has  been 
banished  for  publishing  a  pamphlet. 

The  Atchinson,  Topeka  and  Santa  Fe  railroad 
is  completed  to  Otero,  Mew  Mexico. 

Another  expedition  has  been,  fitted  out  to 
search  for  the  Walker  Honduras  treasure. 

The  Victoria,  the  first  ironclad  vessel  built 
on  this  coast   was  launched  on  the  22d  nit. 

Arrears  in  pensions  up  to  the  passage  of  the 
Pension  Arrears  act,  aggregate  §34,000,000. 

A  popular  Mexican  editor  has  been  murdered 
at  the  instigation  of  a  high  government  official. 

Amador  county  contains  428,000  acres,  of 
which  only  about  20,000  are»under  cultivation. 

Capt.  Paul  Boynton  has  started  to  float 
from  Pittsburg  to  New  Orleans  in  his  life-sav- 
ing suit. 

Many  people  are  building  floating  houses 
along  the  Sacramento  river  in  preference  to  dry- 
land lots. 

The  War  Department  has  ordered  ten  of  the 
new  Hotchkiss  mounted  field  guns  for  use  on 
the  frontier. 

Boston  has  sent  out  (J00  kegs  of  horse  shoes 
for  the  use  of  London,  Liverpool  and  Cork 
omnibus  horses. 

Up  to  the  present  writing  there  have  been 
issued  32  whisky  licenses  in  the  new  town  of 
Otero,  New  Mexico. 

It  is  said  that  a  sufficient  quantity  of  cocoons 
was  raised  in  Utah  county,  U.  T.,  last  season, 
to  make  500  yards  of  silk. 

An  ocean  steamer,  1,200  feet  long,  of  100,000 
horse  power  and  able  to  sail  23  miles  an  hour,  is 
being  built  in  the  East. 

The  business  men  of  Bodie  talk  of  organizing 
a  protective  association  against  the  numerous 
deadbeats  of  that  section. 

Lieut.  Fletcher  who  so  disgracefully  eloped 
with  Miss  Bailey  of  Baltimore,  has  been  found 
and  will  be  court-marshaled. 

A  TEN-year-old  boy  in  New  York  killed  his 
grandmother  in  a  fit  of  passion  and  was  sentenced 
to   30  days'  imprisonment. 

Among  205  doctors  recently  graduated  from 
the  University  of  the  City  of  New  York,  the 
second  on  the  list  is  a  Chinaman. 

The  surface  of  Tulare  lake  is  now  about  18 
feet  below  the  high  water  mark  of  1862.  The 
greatest  depth  about  20  feet. 

The  Comstockers  have  ceased  pumping  water 
into  the  Sutro  tunnel,  and  negotiations  are  to 
be  resumed  with  a  view  to  a  compromise. 

The  dead-lock  in  the  House  concerning  the 
proposition  for  the  repeal  of  Federal  Election 
laws  is  likely  to  be  of  long  continuance. 

Seward,  American  Minister  to  China,  refuses 
to  produce  certain  official  books  in  his  possession, 
on  the  ground  that  they  will  criminate  him. 

An  early  rupture  is  predicted  between  Gani- 
betta  and  his  republican  followers,  in  conse- 
quence of  the  severe  discipline  in  the  Chamber. 

Several  horses  in  the  vicinity  of  Sublimity, 
Oregon,  are  sick  from  the  effects  of  an  epidemic 
now  going  through  that  region.  No  case  has  as 
yet  proved  fatal.    . 

A  safe  and  commodious  harbor  has  been  dis- 
covered on  the  coast  of  Oregon,  a  few  miles 
north  of  Cape  Foulweather.  The  entrance  is 
estimated  to  be  1,000  feet  wide  and  50  feet 
deep. 


g 


ATENTSAND  INVENTIONS. 


List  of  U. 


S.  Patents   Issued  to  Pacific 
Coast  Inventors. 


[From  Official  Rkports  for  tub  Minino  and  Scientific 

pres^  dewey  &  co.,  publishbrs  and  u.  s. 

and  forbign  patent  aobnts.} 

By  Special  Dispatch  from  Washington.  D.  C. 

For  Tin?  Week  Ending  February  18th,  1879. 

IMPROVEMENT  in  FLAVORING  COMPOUNDB   FOR  TOBACCO.— D. 

Sternberg:,  S.  F. 
Tobacco-Cutting  Machines. — L.  Bauer  &  J.  Seitz,  S.  F. 
Railroad  Crossings. — W.  B.  Bernard,  Sacramento,   Cal., 

and  J.  D.  Perkins,  Elyria,  Ohio. 
Bill  Files.   -E.  H.  Owen.  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 
Sewer  Traps.— J.  P.  Cahill,  Oakland,  Cal. 

The  patents  are  not  ready  for  delivery  by  the  Patent 

Office  until  some  14  days  after  the  date  of  issue. 

Note.— Copies  of  U.  S.  and  Foreign  Patents  fumiahed 
by  Dewey  &  Co. ,  in  the  shortest  time  possible  (by  tel- 
graph  or  otherwise)  at  ti.e  lowest  rates.  All  patent  busi- 
ness for  Pacific  coast  inventors  transacted  with  perfect 
security  and  in  the  shortest  possible  time. 


Notices  of  Recent  Patents. 

Among  the  patents  recently  obtained  through 
Dewey  &  Co.'s  Scientific  Press  American  and 
Foreign  Patent  Agency,  the  following  are  worthy 
of  special  mention: 

Ore  Washer. — Constant  Duhem,  San  Fran- 
cisco. This  is  an  improved  ore  washer  and 
amalgamator,  which  we  described  somewhat  in 
detail  a  short  time  since,  when  one  of  the  ma- 
chines was  made  at  the  Pacific  Iron  Works  for 
shipment  to  the  Gila  river  dry  placers.  The 
improvement  consists  in  mounting  above  a  suit- 
able tank  a  double,  perforated  conical  cylinder, 
arranged  to  rotate,  and  having  internal  screw- 
shaped  flanges  to  carry  the  material  through  to 
the  discharge  end.  The  fine  material  and  pre- 
cious metals,  which  fall  through  the  perforations 
of  the  cylinder,  drop  on  to  enclosed  amalga- 
mated plates  attached  to  a  cradle  in  the  tank, 
said  cradle  being  given  an  oscillating  or  rocking 
motion  by  means  of  a  toothed  wheel  on  the  cyl- 
inder. There  is  also  a  peculiar  trap  or  adjust- 
able screen  on  the  cylinder  designed  to  catch 
nuggets,  and  under  it  is  placed,  on  the  cylinder 
cradle,  a  settling  apron  for  separating  coarse 
gold  from  the  gravel.  The  debris  or  tailings  in 
the  tank  are  discharged  by  an  ejector  which 
carries  them  up  over  the  edge  of  the  tank  and 
out  of  a  discharge  pipe. 

Mounting  Rifle  Sights. — Chas.  Slotterbeck, 
Lakeport,  Lake  Co.,  Cal.  This  invention 
relateB  to  a  novel  method  of  mounting  telescopic 
sights  upon  breech-loading  rifles,  so  that  the 
telescope  will  not  interfere  with  the  action  of 
the  breech  mechanism  or  the  loading  of  the  gun, 
nor  displace  or  interfere  with  the  ordinary  sight. 
In  the  ordinary  method  of  attaching  a  telescope 
to  a  rifle,  it  is  mounted  over  the  center  of  the 
barrel,  and  thus  displaces  the  ordinary  open 
or  globe  sight.  It  also  extends  so  far  back  over 
the  small  of  the  stock,  that  it  is  totally  inap- 
plicable to  breech-loading  rifles  of  many  descrip- 
tion, and  inconvenient  upon  any.  This  inven- 
tion consists  in  the  imployment  of  a  device  by 
which  the  telescope  can  be  accurately  mounted 
without  interfering  with  the  ordinary  sights, 
and  at  the  sam$  time  be  intirely  out  of  the  way 
of  the  breech  mechanism, 

Hoad  and  Field  Locomotive.  — Holbrook  & 
Pooler,  Half  Moon  Bay,  San  Mateo  Co.  This 
invention  relates  to  an  improved  road  and  field 
locomotive  and  traction  engine  for  drawing  agri- 
cultural implements  or  loaded  wagons  over 
fields  or  roads,  and  the  improvements  consist 
in  a  novel  construction  and  arrangement  of  the 
legs,  feet  and  operating  parts  iu  that  class  of 
traction  engines  in  which  a  number  of  feet  are 
employed  to  push  the  machine  along,  and  in  a 
peculiar  method  of  operating  these  feet,  so  that 
the  whole  force  of  the  engine  is  expended  in 
producing  tractive  force  and  not  wasted  in  lift- 
ing the  machine  at  some  point  of  its  stroke. 


Fresh  attractions  are  constantly  added  to  "Wood- 
ward's Gardens,  among-  which  is  Prof.  Gruber's  great 
educator,  the  Zoographicon.  Each  department  increases 
daily,  and  the  Pavilion  performances  are  more  popular 
than  ever.  All  new  novelties  find  a  place  at  this  wonder- 
ful resort.     Prices  remain  as  usual. 


Any  person  raceiving;  this  paper  afterjgiving;  an  order  to 
stop  it,  may  know  that  such  order  has  failed  to  reach  us, 
so  that  the  paper  is  continued  inadvertently,  and  they  are 
earnestly  requested  to  send  written  notice  direct  to  us. 
We  aim  to  stop  the  paper  promptly  when  it  is  ordered  dis 
continued. 


M.  D.  Shrader  is  now  an  authorized  agent  of  the  Pa- 
cific Rural  Press,  also  Mining  and  Scientific  Press,  to 
solicit  subscriptions  and  receive  the  money  for  the  same 
His  receipts  given  for  such  money  will  be  duly  honored 
by  this  company. 


Examine  theaccelerative  endowment  plan,  as  originated 
by  the  Mutual  Benefit  Life  Insurance  Co. ,  of  Newark, 
New  Jersey.  Assets,  330,538,429.94.  LewiB  C.  Grover, 
President;  L.  Spencer  Coble,  Vice-President;  Benjamin  C. 
Miller,  Treasurer;  Edward  A.  Strong,  Secretary;  Bloom- 
field  J.  Miller,  Actuary.  Send  for  circulars  to  James 
Munsell,  Jr.,  agent  of  insured,  224  Sansome  St.,  San 
Francisco. 

Experimental  Machinery,  drawing,  patterns,  models, 
all  kinds  of  electrical  and  telegraphic  apparatus  to  order. 
See  ad.     F.  W.  Fuller,  415  Market  St. ,  second  floor,  S.  F. 

Chew  Jackson's  Best  Sweet  Navy  Tobacco 


METALS. 

[WHOLESALE. 

Wkdnrrday  m..  February  25, 1878. 

Iron.— 

American  Pig,  Boft,  ton... 23  00  @26  00 

Scotch  Pig,  ton 25  50  @26  50 

American  White  Pig,  ton 23  00  w 

Oregon  Pig,  ton 26  50  @ 

Refined  Bar 2J@      3 

Horse  Shoes,  keg 5  00  @ 

Nail  Rod — S      7 

Norway,  according  to  thickness 64(5       7 

Copper.— 

Sheathing,  tb 34®     35 

Sheathing,  Yellow 19  @     Ut 

Sheathing,  Old  Yellow —  @- 

English  Cast,  lb 16  @     17 

Black  Diamond,  ordinary  sizes 16  @—  ~ 

Drill 16  <§     17 

Flat  Bar 16  @     19 

Plow  Steel 8  @     U 

Tin  Plates.— 

10x14 1  C  Charcoal 8J<3      9 

10x14  I  C  Coke 7  @       I 

BancaTin 18  <g?—  20 

Australian 15i@      17 

Zinc— 

By  the  Cask 9  @ „ 

Zinc,  Sheet  7x3  ft.  7  to  10,  tb,  less  than  cask. .  9a<£—  10 

Nails.— 

Assorted  sizes 2  90®3  00 


Gold.    Legal    Tenders,    Exchange,    Etc. 

[Corrected  Weekly  by  Sutro  &  Co.  J 

San  Francisco,  February  26,  3  P.  m. 

Silver.  2J@2g.    Gold  in  New  York,  par. 

Gold  Baks,  b90@910.  Silver  Bakb,  Wg20  #  cent.  dli. 
3omit. 

Exchange  on  New  York,  20,  on  London  bankers,  49J@ 
494.  Commercial.  60;  Paris,  five  franca  $  dollar;  Mexican 
dollars,  87}@89. 

London  CodboIb,  86  5-16;  Bonds,  104  3-7. 

Quiok.mlver  In  S.  P..  by  the  flaak.  fi<  lb.  40@41a. 


Signal  Service  Meteorological  Report, 

San  Francisco.— Week  ending  February  25, 1879. 


HIGHR8T  AND  LOWEST  BAROMRTBR. 

Feb  19 

Feb  20 

Feb  21 

Feb  22 

Feb  23 

Feb  24 

Feb  25 

30.239 

30.236 

30.250 

30.199 

30.198 

30.198 

30.168 

30.146 

30.127 

30.203 

3C.164 

30.145 

30.121 

30.11! 

MAXIMUM  AND  MINIMUM  rUBRMOMRTBR. 

58     I     68.7  1     61      I     61      1     62      1     64.3 

01.5 

60      |      50      |      52      |      60       |      50       |      50 

40 

MKAN   DAILY  HUMIDITY. 

92 

86.7 

85 

76 

70.3 

85.6 

70 

NE    |     W     | 
83       |      73     | 


PREVAILING  WIND. 

W       |        W        |       W 

WIND — MILRS  TRAVRLRD. 

237      I      169     I      135 


|       W      |      W 


I     142 


|    100 


STATE  OF  WEATHER. 

Foggy  |    Fair.   |    Fair.    |  Clear.    |   Clear.    ]     Fair.    I  Foggy 
RAINFALL  IN  TWENTY-FOUR  HOURS. 

!         I  I  i  II 

Total  rain  during  tbe  season,  from  July  1,  1878.  11.40  in. 


Mining     and    Scientific 
Press  Patent  Agency. 

Our  U.  S.  and  Foreign  Patent 
Agency  presents  many  and  im- 
portant advantages  as  a  Home 
Agency  over  all  others,  by  rea- 
son of  long  establishment,  great 
experience,  thorough  system  and 
intimate  acquaintance  with  the- 
subjects  of  inventions  in  our 
new  community.  All  worthy  in- 
ventions patented  through  ourj 
Agency  will  have  the  benefit  of 
a  description  or  an  illustration 
and  explanation  in  the  Mining 
and  Scientific  Press  or  the  Pa- 
cific Rural  Press.  We  trans- 
act every  branch  of  Patent  busi- 
ness, and  obtain  Patents  in  all 
civilized  countries.  The  large 
majority  of  U.  S.  and  Foreign 
Patents  granted  to  inventors  on 
the  Pacific  Coast  have  been  ob- 
tained through  our  Agency.  The 
files  of  cases  and  official  records 
in  our  office,  our  patent  law  and 
scientific  library  (already  the  lar- 
gest west  of  the  Mississippi),  are 
constantly  increasing.  These  fa- 
cilities, with  the  accumulation  of 
information  of  special  importance 
to  our  home  inventors,  by  the 
experience  of  its  proprietors  in 
an  extensive  and  long  continued 
personal  practice,  gives  them 
combined  advantages  greater 
than  any  other  agents  can  possi- 
bly offer  to  Pacific  Coast  invent- 
ors. Circulars  of  advice,  free. 
DEWEY  &   CO., 

Patent   Solicitors, 

No.  202  Sansome  St.,  S.  F. 


March  i,  1879. 1 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


141 


piping  apd  Other  Companies. 

persons  interested  In  Incorporated,  shares 
will  do  well  to  recommend  the  publication 
of  the  official  notices  of  their  companies 
in  this  paper,  as  the  cheapest  appropriate 
medium  for  the  same. 


Office  Wide  Awake  Prospecting  and  Min- 
im <.\in>p*ny  —  No.  232  8utt«r  Street.  8»u  Francisco,  Cal.. 
fVuru&ry  l*i-  '*"'-'  I.' nation  u(  work*,  I'icket-Poit,  I'iual 
Count).  Arlruu*. 

iii-tt  at ■  meeting  of  the    Boant  <>t 

Director*,  held  on  the  nrnt  day  of  February.  11879,  an  aaacas* 

'■l  of  four  cent*  per  share  wu  levied  upon  the  1  apj 

payable   Immediately  in  UulUnl 

Blalea gold  coin  to  the  Secretary,   ;ii  the  office  of  the  Com 

nany,  Room  '-',  No  232  Sutter  Street,  Sun  Francisco,  Cal 

Any  ttock  upon  wliich  this  a.'t.sei'Miieiit  »li,ill  remain  unpaid 
on  the  tirat  day  of  March,  187?.  will  In-  delinquent,  and  ndver- 
Uied  fur  n*le  at  puMlu  auction,  and  unless  iiayment  Is  made 
1)1  be  sold  ""  Baturday,  the  tiftli  day  of  April.  1879. 
to  pay  tlie  dellin|ueut  aaseasnient,  together  with  the  cost  ol 
adTcrtisinit  and  the  exnetuta  of  sale,  Hy  order  of  the  liuurd 
of  Directors.  0.  HILDKUKAKDT.  Secretary. 

Summit    Mining   Company.— Location  of 

principal  place  of  business.   San    Francisco,    California 

EooatToo  of  work*  Mineral  Point  Minim;  District.  Plurua* 

County.  California. 

Notice  Is  hereby  niveu,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Directors,  held  on  the  fourth  day  of  February,  A.  D.. 
1879,  an  assessment  (No,  7)  of  five  cent*  per  share  wu 
•on  the  capital  stock  of  the  corporation,  payable 
immediately  in  United  States  gold  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at 
the  office  of  the  Company,  318  Pine  street,  San    Francisco 

Any  stock  upon  which  this  asseie>meiit  shall  remain  unpaid 

a  the  eleventh  (llth(  day  of  March.  A.  D.,  1879,  will  rx 
Inqaent,  and  advertised  for  sale  at  public  auction,  aud  un- 
ites payment  is  made  before,  will  be  sold  on  the  Tuesday,  the 
eighth  'lay  of  April  A.  D..  1879,  to  pay  the  delinquent  assess- 
ment, together  with  costs  of  advertising  aud  expenses  of 
•ale.     By  order  of   the  Board  of  Director*, 

D        V      \T  A  V    DT)  I 

Office, 


K.  N.  VAN  Bit  I- NT.  Secretary. 
Room   6.  No.  318  Pine   Street   San  Francisco.  Cal. 


To  Consumers  of  High  Explosives. 

A  card  of  the  Vulcan  Powder  Company,  piihlinhed  In 
yesterday's  papers,  requires  notice  from  us,  as  the  General 
Amenta  fur  the  sale  of  (littnt  Powder  on  this  Coast. 

The  Vulcan  Company  assert  that  miners  obtain  from 
ttiem  better  Powder  for  less  money  than  from  this  Com- 
pany. Tlie  real  fact  is,  that  while  they  sell  their  Powder 
a  few  cents  under  our  prices,  their  respective  grades  have 
always  been  very  much  inferior  in  strength  and  quality  to 
the  regular  Giant  Powder.  This  fact  has  been  recognized 
by  miners  generally  and  has  linen  shown  to  demonstra- 
tion by  careful  tests,  repeated  from  time  to  time  with  the 
most  exact  testing  instruments,  and  in  the  presence  of 
Mine  Owners  and  Superintendents.  The  accuracy  of 
these  tests  is  beyond  dispute,  They  have  always  shown 
so  large  a  percentage  of  strength  in  Giant  over  Vulcan 
Powder,  as  to  demonstrate  that  Giant  Powder  has  inva- 
riably BBSS  TtIK  CIIKAPKR  POWDER  Or"  TIIK  TWO, 

So  much  for  the  flourish  about  benefiting  the   miners. 

We  will  briefly  notice  what  the  Vulcan  Card  contains 
about  the  Giant  Powder  Company'a  Patent  litigation.  It 
says  that  a  suit  commenced  in  New  York  against  Vulcan, 
011876,  was  withdrawn.  True;  that  cane  was  dismissed 
simply  and  entirely  because  it  afterwards  proved  to  be 
erroneous  in  form.  As  soon  as  the  injunction  was  issued 
against  the  Vulcan  by  the  U.  S.  Circuit  Court  of  Massa- 
chusetts, (December,  1877,)  preparations  were  made  to 
commence  proceedings  in  New  York  for  obtaining  a  simi- 
lar injunction  there,  but  those  proceedings  were  suspend- 
ed, on  account  of  the  voluntary  and  summary  closing  up 
and  abandoning  the  Vulcan  Works,  in  New  York,  by  the 
proprietor. 

The  Vulcan  Company  Bod  it  exceedingly  easy,  at  this 
stige  of  affairs,  to  say  they  make  Powder  under  this,  that 

br  any  other  patent; 'but  on  that  particular  point  thej 

may  hereafter  find  that  the  Courts  will  have  something  to 
say  entirely  at  variance  with  their  ideas.  However,  the 
Giant  Powder  Company  does  not  propose  to  try  its  Patent 
cases  In  the  newspapers.  It  has  now  given  to  all  parties 
distinct  public  notice  as  to  its  patent  claims  and  rights, 
and  for  the  present  will  there  leave  the  matter. 

BANDMANN,  NEILSEN  &  CO., 

General   Agrenta   Giant   Powder    Company. 


MINING  LAWS  AND   DECISIONS. 

Copp's  Hand  Book  of  Mining  Laws. 

In  this  little  work  is  given  the  United  States  Mining 
Laws  and  Instructions.  Also,  a  digest  of  the  decisions 
under  the  laws,  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  and 
Commissioner  of  the  General  Land  Office. 

Forms  are  given  for  making  out  notice  of  location 
proof  of  labor,  application  for  survey,  and  in  fact  all  the 
blanks  a  miner  needs. 

There  is  also  a  list  of  all  the  mines  for  which  IT.  S. 
Patents  have  been  obtained  from  July,  1866,  to  August, 
1877,  with  location,  township  and  range. 

A  handy  companion  for  miners.  Price  Si,  post  paid. 
Address 

DEWEY    &    CO., 

202  Sansome  Street,  S.  F 


The  "California  Legal  Record.'1 

The  ONLY  WEEKLY  containing  all  the 

decisions  of  the  Supreme  Court 

of  California. 

(ThenNLY  complete  continuation  of  they,  F.  Law  Journal.) 

Published  every  Saturday,  in  8  vo.  size—  liku  the  California 

Reports — contains  every  decision  of  the  Supreme  Court, 

as  fast  as  rendered,  with  a  syllabus  and  statement   of  facts, 

and  other  important  legal  matter.     The  volumes  commence 

on  the  tirst  of  October  and  April  each,  and  have  a  full  index 

for  reference  and  binding, 

REDUCED  PRICE,  only  $5,50  per  year,  or  $3  per  volume 
of  Bix  months.  Remit  by  Postal  Order  or  Registered  Letter, 
specifying  what  date  or  number  to  commence.  Baok  num- 
bers furnished.     Sample  numbers  sent  free.    Address, 

F.  A.  SCOFIELD  &  CO.,  Publishers  and  Prop's 
No.  603  Washington  utreet,  San  Francisco.  Cat. 


PACIFIC    POWER    CO. 

Room  with  steam  power  to  let  in  the 
Pacific  Power  Co.'s  new  brick  building, 
Stevenson  street,  near  Market.  Eleva- 
tor in  building.  Apply  at  the  Com- 
pany's office,  202  Sansome  St.,  room  7. 


FOR  SALE.—  lG-horse  Engine  8-inch  by  16-inch 
bore,  with  20-horse  boiler.  Hot  water  pump.  Every- 
thing necessary  to  set  it  to  running.  Price,  §1,000.  At 
Jackson's  Agricultural  Machine  Works,  S.  E.  corner  6th 
and  Bluxome  Sts. ,  San  Francisco. 


FOR    EVERYBODY! 

WE    WILL    SELL    THE 

CELEBRATED 

FISCHER   PIANO 

At  Prices  that  Nobody  can  beat! 


THE  "FISCHER" 

Is  one  of  the   leading   Pianos,  and 

has    been  before    the   Public 

For    Forty    Years. 


We  Sell  no  Bogus  Instruments. 

SEND  FOR  CATALOGUE  AND  TERMS  TO 

KOHLER  &  CHASE, 

Nos.  137  and  139  Post  Street, 

SAN  FE  AN  CISCO. 


/imlisepiepts. 


BALDWIN'S   THEATER. 

thomas  MAoriKE Manager. 

F  Lybtkr, Actios  Manager 

Ciufl    M.  OoobWiN.... Treasurer, 

.i-  i'  cum'man tatetmnt Treasurer. 

Primrose,    West.    Barlow    and    Wilson's 
MINSTRELS! 

Corner  Market  aud  Powell  Streets.  Open  every 
evening  and  Saturday  matinee     Box  office  open  daflj 

BUSH    STREET    THEATER. 

ClIAfl    I"    LOCKJ Lessee  and  Manager 

ELIZA  WEATHERSBY  &.  N.  C.  GOODWIN 
Open  ever}  evening  and  Saturday  Hattnee, 

CALIFORNIA  THEATER. 

Barton  fz  Lawloh Manage] 

Barton  Hill. Acting  Manage) 

MOTHER    AND    SON. 

Bush  street,  above  Kearny.  Open  every  evening.  Box 
olricc  open  from  9  x.  si.  to  1*0  r.  u.  Seats  may  be  socured 
six  days  in  advance. 

GRAND    OPERA    HOUSE. 

THOMAS  MAQUIKE Manager, 

Fred  LYbTER Acting  Manager. 

THE    PASSION    PLAY. 

Mission  Street,  near  Third.     Box  office  open  daily. 


A.  S.  HALLIDSE. 

ffice,  No.  6  CaJ^niaXstreetj 


£(Hs 


rJ|I^     '    .e-:_    :'i' 


MANUFACTURED  UNDER  A:  NOBEL'S   ORIGINAL  AND  ONLY  VALID  NITRO -GLYCERINE  PATENTS 

Nos.  ONE,    TWO    and    THREE. 
Stronger.    Better  and.  Safer  tlian  any  other  High   Explosive. 


JncLson     Powder 

IS  NOW  USED  IN  ALL  LARGE  HYDRAULIC  CLAIMS. 

It  bmaka  more  ground,   pulverizes  it  better,   eaves  time  and  money,   and   is    superseding    the    ordinary 
A'dcr  wherever  it  is  tried.     £2TTriple  Force  Caps  and  all  Grades  of  Fuse. 

BANDMANN,    NIELSEN    &    CO..  San  Francisco. 


%ZZ}Ztop«,,\     202  BsuMom*  Btt.,     jJtaJH*1** 

MACHINERY,   BUILOINQS,  PORTRAITS,  LANDSCAPES,   TRADE-MARKS,  LABELS,  SEALS,  MONOGRAMS,  etc 


*trr\ 


®3 sJW 


THE      HIGHEST     STYLE     OF     THE     ART 


The  FRUE  ORE  CONCENTRATOR 

Adams  &  Carter,  Agents. 


JOHN    M.    ADAMS. 


WM.     F.    CARTER. 


Testimonials  as  to  the  perfect 
working  of  the  Concentrator  to  be 
seen  at  the  office. 


MINING  AND  MECHANICAL  ENGINEERS. 

Room  7,   No.  100  California  St.,  San  Francisco.     P.  O.  Box  2,068 


VULGAN  BLASTING  POWDER. 


The  strongest  and 
most  economical  ex- 
plosive in  use. 


Wherever  it  has  been  given  a  test,  it  has  surpassed  all  other  high  explosives. 

Wnrl/c  at    SAN  PABLO,  California,  I 

WUrKSal        and  RENO,  Nevada,  I 


Iron  and  Steel  Wire  Rope, 


Flat  and  Round,  for  Mining 
Hoisting  and  Ge 


hipping, 
■poses. 


nff'ina      No.  123  California  Street, 
UITICe,  SAN    FRANCISCO. 


Having  the/nioSfc  ccVnplete  .Jbfluextenaivfl 
Wufl"iToV  Wbrks  id  theVunited  States.  I  am 
prep&erlTo  mahefectare  Wire  Rope  and  Cablea 
of  an Alsngtn  or  size  at  short  notice,  and  guar* 
fcntco  the  quality  and  workmanship  equal  to 
any  made  at  home  or  abroaifc—v 

Iron,  Steel-ajjd^GalvaJized  Wire 

Of  all  j&es  on  ham\or-Kade  to  order. 

BarbfepyT'ence  Wjre. 

Solo  Propricior»ef      y*^ 

Hallidiels  ^I^eWAEopgway, 

Prf  tSJ^tiiBpoAatieBrbr  Ores.  Eta 
<3rSenayf>r  aTircubr. 

A.  S.  HAXXIDSE. 

Office,  No.  e  California  St.,  San  Francisco 

W.   T.   GARRATT'S 

BRASS  and  BELL  FOUNDRY 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 

MANUFACTURER  AND  IMPORTER  OF 

Church  and  Steamboat  BELLS  and  GONGS 
BRASS  CASTINGS  of  all  kinds, 
WATER  GATES,   GAS  GATES, 
FIRE  HYDRANTS, 

DOCK  HYDRANTS, 

GARDEN  HYDRANTS 

General   Assortment    ot    Engineers'   Findings. 

Hooker's    Patent 
Celebrated 

STEAM  PUMP 

flSTThc  Best  and  Most 
Durable  in  use.  Also, 
a  variety  of  other 


For  Mining  and   Farm- 
ing Purposes. 

ROOT'S  BLAST  BLOWERS, 

For  Ventilating  Mines  and  for  Smelting  Worka. 

HYDRAULIC    PIPES    AND     NOZZLES, 

For  Mining  Purposes 

Garratt's    Improved     Journal    Metal. 

1MP011TBK  OP 

IRON   PIPE  AND  MALLEABLE    IRON    FITTINGS. 

A&L  KINDS  OF 

WORK  AND  COMPOSITION  NAILS, 

AT  LOWEST  RATES. 


At  the  Old  Stand,  Market,  head  of  Front  Street,  S.  F. 


142 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


I  March  I,   1879. 


Ifop  and  Machine  torto. 


THOS.  PENDERGAST. 


HENRY  S.  SMITH. 


JETNA    IRON    WORKS, 

MANUFACTURERS  OF 

IRON  CASTINGS 

and      MACHINERY 

OF  ALL  KINDS. 

Fremont  Street,  Bet.  Howard  and  Folsom, 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 


SACRAMENTO  BOILER   WORKS, 

214  &  216  BE  ALE  St.,  (rear  of  iEtna  Foundry) 

J.  V.  HALL, 

PRAGJTICAL    BOILER    MAKER, 

Marine,  Stationary  and  Portable  Boilers,  Smoke  Stacks, 

Hydraulic  Pipe,   Oil  or  Water  Tanks,    Ore  and 

Water  Buckets,  Gasometers,  Girders,  Bridges 

and    Iron    Ship    Building. 

ALL    KINDS    OF    SHEET    IRON    WORK. 

Repairing   promptly   attended   to    at   the 
lowest   possible   terms. 

UNION  IRON  WORKS, 

SACRAMENTO,    CAL. 
ROOT,    NEILSON    &    CO., 

MANUFACTURERS  OF 

STEAM    ENGINES,  BOILERS    AND    ALL 
Kinds  of  Machinery  for  Mining   Purposes. 

Flouring  Mills',  Saw  Mills'  and  Quartz  Mills'  Machinery 
constructed,    fitted  up  and  repaired. 

Front  Street,  Between  N  and  O  Streets, 

SACRAMENTO,     CAL. 


PHELPS 

MANUFACTURING    COMPANY, 

Manufacturers  of  all  kinds  of 

Wharf  and  Bridge  Bolts,   Railroad  Trestle 

Work,   Car  Frames  and  Bolts,  Machine 

Bolts,   Set  Screws    and   Tap  Bolts, 

Lag    or    Coach    Screws. 

ALL  STYLES   OF  FANCY  HEAD  BOLTS. 

HOT  AND    COLD    PRESSED    HEXAGONAL    AND 

SQUARE    NUTS.     WASHERS.     BOLT    ENDS, 

TUKNBUOKLES,     ETC.,    ETC. 

13, 15  and  17  Drumtn  St.,  near  California, 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 


Golden  State  &  Miners  Iron  Works, 

Manufacture  Iron  Castings  and  Machinery 
of  all  Kinds  at  Greatly  Reduced  Rates. 

STEVENSON'S  PATENT 

Mold-Board  AMALGAMATORS, 
Golden  State  Pressure  Blowers. 

First  St..  between  Howard  &  Folsom,  S.  F. 


Wm.  H.  Birch. 


John  Argall. 


California    Machine   Works, 
BIRCH,    ARGALL    &    CO., 


119  Beale  Street, 


San  Francisco. 


itgrGeneral  Mechanical  Engineers  and  Machinists. 
Steam  Engines,  Flour,  Quartz  and  Mining  Machinery. 
Sole  manufacturers  of  Brodie's  Patent  Rock  Crushers  and 
Steel-Faced  Tappits.  Steam,  Hydraulic  and  Sidewalk 
Elevators.     Repairing  promptly  attended  to. 


California    Brass    Foundry, 

No,  125  First  Street,  Opposite  Minna. 
SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 

All  kinds  of  Brass,  Composition,  Zinc,  and  Babbitt 
Metal  Castings,  Brass  Ship  Work  of  all  kinds,  Spikes, 
sheathing  Nails,  Rudder  Braces,  Hinges,  Ship  and  Steam- 
boat Bells  and  Gongs  of  superior  tone.  All  kinds  of  Cocks 
and  Valves,  Hydraulic  Pipes  and  Nozzles,  and  Hose  Coup- 
lings and  Connections  of  all  sizes  and  patterns,  furnished 
with  dispatch.  ^PRICES  MODERATE. "^fi 

J.  H.  WEED.  V.  KING  WELL. 


STEAM  ENGINES  AND  BOILERS 

Of  all  sizes — from  2  to  60-Horse  power.  Also,  Quartz 
Mills,  Mining  Pumps,  Hoisting  Machinery,  Shafting,  Iron 
Tanks,  etc.    For  sale  at  the  lowest  prices  by 

J.    HENDY,  49  and  51  Fremont  Street,  S.  F. 


THOMAS  THOMPSON. 


THORNTON  THOMPSON. 


THOMPSON    BROTHERS, 

EUREKA    FOUNDRY, 

129  and  131  Beale  St.,  between  Mission  and  Howard,  S.  F 

MANUFACTURERS  OF  CASTINGS  OF  EVERY  DESCRIPTION. 


WIND  Mill  0ne  of  tne  ^e3t  mai*e  m  tm3  State 
11 1 11  Lf  IIIIL.L.I  for  sale  cheap  on  easy  terms.  Ad- 
dress, W.  T.  care  of  Dewey  &  Co.,  S.  F, 


GEORGE  W.  PRESCOTT. 


IRVING  M.  SCOTT. 


H.  T.  SCOTT. 


[JNiQN    Jron   Works. 

Office,  61  First  St.  |  Cor.  First  &  Mission  Sts.,  S.  F.  |  p.   0.   Box,  2128. 

BUILDERS     OF 

Steam,    Air   and    Hydraulic    Machinery. 

Home  Industry. —All  "Work  Tested  and  Guaranteed. 

Vertical  Engines, 
Horizontal  Engines, 
Automatic  Cut-off  Engines, 
Compound  Condensing  Engines, 
Shafting, 

TRY    OUR    MAKE,  CHEAPEST   AND    BEST    IN    USE. 
Send  for  Late  Circulars.  PRESCOTT,  SCOTT  &  CO. 


Baby  Hoists, 

Stamps, 

Ventilating  Fans, 

Pans, 

Rock  Breakers, 

Settlers, 

Self-Feeders, 

Retorts, 

Pulleys, 

Etc.,  Etc. 

^W  i  1 1  i  a  m.      EC  awkins, 

Successor  to 

ZEI^WICIlrNrS  &  C.A.ILSrT^IEILjL, 
MACHINE      WORKS, 

210  and  212  Beale  Street,  bet.  Howard  and  Folsom  Sts.,    -    -    San  Francisco. 

Manufacturers    of 

IMPROVED    PORTABLE    HOISTING    ENGINES, 

For   Mining  and   Other   Purposes. 

Steam  Engines  and  all  Kinds  of  MilJ  and  Mining  Machinery. 


[Pacific  Rolling  IVEill  Co., 

SAN    FRANCISCO,    CAL. 

MANUFACTURERS    of 

RAILROAD  AND    MERCHANT  IRON, 

ROLLED  BEAMS,  ANGLE,  CHANNEL  AND  T  IRON,  BRIDGE  AND  MA&IINE  BOLTS,  LAG  SCREWS,  NUTS 
WASHERS,  ETC.,   STEAMBOAT    SHAFTS,  CRANKS,  PISTONS,    CONNECTING    RODS,  ETC.,  ETC. 

Car  and  Locomotive  Axles  and  Frames,  and  Hammered  Iron  of  Every  Description. 

HIGHEST    PRICE    PAID    FOR    SCRAP    IRON. 

l@-  Orders  Solicited  and  Promptly  Executed.  Office,  No.  16  FIRST  STREET. 


Fill  ton    Iron    "VV^orks. 

Hinckley,  Spiers  &  Hayes. 

(ESTABLISHED    IN    1855.) 

Works,  Fremont  and  Howard  Sts.  |  San  Francisco,  Cal.  |  Office,  No.  213  Fremont  St. 


MANUFACTURERS    OF 


Marine  Engines  and   Boilers, 

Propeller  Engines  either  High  Pressure  or  Com- 
pound Stern  or  Side  Wheel  Engines. 

Mining   Machinery. 

Hoisting  Engines  and  Works,  Cages,  Ore  Buckets,  Ore 
Cars,  Pumping  Engines  and  Pumps,  Water  Buckets, 
Pump  Columns,  Air  Compressors,  Air  Receivers, 
Air    Pipes. 

Mill  Machinery. 

Batteries  for  Dry  or     Wet  Crushing,     Amalgamating 


Pans,  Settlers,  Furnaces,  Retorts,  Concentrators,  Ore 
Feeders,  Rock  Breakers,  Furnaces  for  Reducing  Ores 
Water  Jackets,  Etc. 

Sugar   Machinery. 

Crushing  Rolls,  Clarifiers,  Vacuum   Pans,   Air  Pumps, 

Concentrators,  Bag  Filters,  Charcnal  Filters,  Blow-up 
Tanks,  Coolers  and  Receiving  Tanks. 

Miscellaneous   Machinery. 

Flour  Mill  Machinery,  Saw  Mill  Engines  and  Boilers, 
Dredging  Machinery,  Oil  Well  Retorts,  Powder  Mill  Ma- 
chinery, Water  Wheels. 


EnniflPQ     anfl     RflllpPQ    of  a"  kinds,  either  for  use  on  Steamboats  and  made  in   accordance  with   the 
liyillCO     O.IIU     DUIIt/l  O    Act  of  Congress  regulating  the  same,  or  for  use  on  land.  Water  Pipe,  Pump 
or  Air  Column,  Fish  Tanks  for  Salmon  Canneries  of  every  description. 
Boiler  repairs  promptly  attended  to  and  at  very  moderate  rates. 


pacific   mom   WORKS, 

First  and  Fremont  Streets,  between  Mission  and   Howard,   San   Francisco,  Cal., 
RANKIN,    BRAYTON    &    CO., 

Manufacturers    of 

ENGINES,  BOILERS,    MARINE    AND    STATIONARY.      PUMPING,    HOISTING,  AND    MINING    MACHINERY 

INCLUDING  BATTERIES,  AMALGAMATING  PANS  AND  SETTLERS,  CONCENTRATORS,  ORE  FEEDERS, 

CRUSHING  ROLLS  AND  ROCK  BREAKERS.     ALSO,  WATER  JACKET  SMELTING  FURNACES, 

FOR  REDUCING  LEAD,  SILVER    AND    COPPER    ORES,  QUICKSILVER    FURNACES, 

RETORTS  AND  CONDENSERS,  ROASTING  AND   CHLORIDIZINO  FURNACES, 

SUGAR    MILL    MACHINERY,  WATER    WHEELS,  Etc.,  ALL    OF    THE 

LATEST  AND  MOST  IMPROVED  CONSTRUCTION. 

Agents  for  the  Allen  Engine  Governor,  Bailey  Air  Compressor,  Howell's 
Improved  "White  Furnaces,  "Walker's  Compound  Steam  Pumps,  Etc. 


"Western  Z2T030.  "Work.s, 

316     and     318     Mission     Street,     San     Francisco, 

PERRY  EDWARDS,  Frop'r. 

Manufacturer  of  Wrought  Iron  Girders,  Trusses,    Prison   Cells,  Iron  Roofs,  Crest 
Railings,  Finials,  Fences,  Weathervanes,  Gratings,  Iron  Work  for  Models.  Etc. 


Nickel    Tinted    Railing 


Bank  and   Store   Fittings.        Estimates  given   and  Iron  Work  furnished  for  Buildings. 


Take  the  Paper  that  stands   by  your  in- 
terests. 


Driving  Nails  Under  Water.— Stack's  illustrated  ad- 
vertisement appears  once  a  month  in  thrs  paper. 


|Corner  Beale  and  Howard  Sts., 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 

W.  H.  TAYL&R,  Pres't.  JOSEPH  MOORE,  Sup't. 

Builders  of  Steam  Machinery 

In  all  its  Branches, 

Steamboat,  Steamship,  Land 

Engines  and  Boilers, 

HIGH  PRESSURE  OR  COMPOUND. 


STEAM  VESSELS,  of  all  kinds,  built  complete  with  \ 
Hulls  of  Wood,  Iron  or  Composite. 

OEDINABY  ENGINES  compounded  when  ad-1 
visable. 

STEAM  .LAUNCHES,  Barges  and  Steam  Tugs  con- 
structed with  reference  to  the  Trade  in  which  they  are 
to  be  employed.  Speed,  tonnage  and  draft  of  water 
guaranteed. 

STEAM  BOILERS.  Particular  attention  given  to  \ 
the  quality  of  the  material  and  workmanship,  and  none  I 
but  first-class  work  produced. 

SUGAR     MILLS     AND     SUGAR-MAKING 
MACHINERY  made  after  the  most  approved  plans.  ] 
Also,  all  Boiler  Iron  Work  connected  therewith. 

WATER  PIPE,  of  Boiler  or  Sheet  Iron,  of  any  size  { 
made  in  suitable  lengths  for  connecting  together,  o  1 
sheets  rolled,  punched,  and  packed  for  shipment  ready  ] 
to  be  riveted  on  the  ground. 

HYDRAULIC  RIVETING.  Boiler  Work  and 
Water  Pipe  made  by  this  establishment,  riveted  by 
Hydraulic  Riveting  Machinery,  that  quality  of  work 
being  far  superior  to  hand  work. 

SHIP  WORK.  Ship  and  Steam  Capstains,  Steam 
Winches,  Air  and  Circulating  Pumps,  made  after  the 
moBt  approved  plans. 

PUMPS.  Direct  Acting  Pumps,  for  Irrigation  or  City 
Water  Works  purposes,  built  with  the  celebrated  Davy 
Valve  Motion,  superior  to  any  other  Pump. 


Electric  Model  &  Machine  Works 

Inventors  and    others  can  pet  First-Class 
Work  at  Moderate  Prices. 

After  10  years  experience  with  inventions  and  other 
mechanical  work,  I  am  fully  prepared  to  execute  draw-  \ 
ings,  working-models  and  fine  machinery  of  any  descrip- 
tion to  entire  satisfaction. 

Brass  Finishing,  Pattern  Malting,  Gear  Cutting,  Tele- 
graphic and  other  Electrical  Apparatus  by  competent 
workmen. 

TELEPHONES    TO    ORDER. 

F.  W.  PULLER,  415  Market  Street,  San  Francisco,    Cal.! 


Main    Street    Iron    Works, 

WM.    DEACON,    PROPRIETOR. 

Nos.  131,  133  &  135  Main  St.,  San  Francisco. 

Stationary  and  Marine  Engines, 

Shafting,  Pulleys,  and  General  Machine  Work.  Jobbing 
and  repairing  done  Promptly  and  at  Lowest  Rates. 
Screw  Propellors,  Propeller  and  Steamboat  Engines. 

SAW  MILLS  and  SAW  MILL  MACHINERY. 

BERRY&PMCE 


°RB^ 


Market,  head  of  Front  Street,  San  Francisco. 


Diamond    Drill    Co. 

The  undersigned,  owners  of  LESCIIOT'S  PATENT 
for  DIAMOND  POINTED  DRILLS,  now  brought  to  the 
highest  state  of  perfection,  are  prepared  to  fill  orders 
for  the  IMPROVED  PROSPECTING  AND  TUNNELING 
DRILLS,  with  or  without  power,  at  short  notice,  and 
at  reduced  prices.  Abundant  testimoiiy  furnished  of 
the  great  economy  and  successful  working  of  numerous 
machines  in  operation  in  the  quartz  and  gravel  mincB 
on  this  coast.  Circulars  forwarded,  and  full  infor- 
mation given  upon  application. 

A.  J.  SEVERANCE  &  CO. 
Office,  No.  320  Sansome  street.  Room  10. 


GOLD    MINE    WANTED. 


One  now  paying  more  than  expenses.     Addrcs 

W.    S.    KEYES,    M.    E., 
No.  310  Pine  St.,  Room  42.   San   Francisco 

Prompt  Attention  to  Business. 

Aurora,  New,  Dec.  7th,  1S78. 
Messrs.  Dkwby  &  Co.,  S.  F.—  Dear  Sirs:— I  acknowl- 
edge the  receipt  of  my  patent  per  express  this  morning, 
and  am  obliged  for  same.  I  do  not  know  what  to  say  to 
you  regarding  your  prompt  attention  to  business,  but  will 
say  to  my  friends  what  I  cannot  say  to  you.  Many  thankB 
is  what  you  will  get  from    Yours  truly,        C.  W.  Lank. 


March  i,  1879. 1 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


143 


And 

AIR 
COLUMN. 

BURLEIGH   ROCK   DRILL,       HOOK 
Does  more  work  at  Less  Cost  And 

THAN  ANY  OTHER   ROCK  DRILL.   LADDER 

riRE  ENGINES,        Trucks' 
Bahcock  Chemical  Engines, 

Hose  Carts  and  Fire  Extinguishers. 


Mining    Machinery    Depot, 

PARKE   &   LACY,   417   Market  St. 

AIR  COMPRESSORS  and  ROCK  DRILLS. 

HOISTI1TG    ZEZLSrO-IILSriES, 

AI.I.  SIZES,  DOUBLE  AND  SINGLE,  WITH  SINGLE  ud  DOUBLE  Kl  El  - 

Pressure  Blowers.     Diamond  Anti-Frictioa  Metal.     Flexible   Shafts 
PUMP 

Centrifugal  Pumps  for  Irrigating.       BURLE|G~  A|R   C0M7RESS0R 


„i»;<">'- 


DEANE'S     STEAM      PUMPS, 

VERTICAL     AND     HORIZONTAL. 


Gives  Better  Results  than  any 
Compressor  Known. 


Putnam's    Wood-Working    Machinery. 

MACHINISTS'   TOOLS. 

Lathe  Chucks.     Farmers'  Battery. 

HILL'S    EXPLODERS. 

SEND    FOR  CIRCULARS. 


RUSSELL'S  AMALGAMATOR. 


Patented  Juno  25cb,   1878. 


SAVE    IlTOTTIR,    GOLD 
And    Also    SAVE    YOUR    QUICKSILVER. 

The  above  Washer  and  Amalgamator  with  new  patent.  Wire  Bridge  Quicksilver  Boxes  attached,  can  he  worked 
wet  or  dry,  either  hy  hand,  sWaiu,  horse  or  water  poweTj  and  is  easily  taken  apart  and  packed.  For  washing  Pulp, 
Karth,  Gravel,  Mill  Tailings  or  Black  Sand,  it  is  without  a  rival. 

Has  been  Thoroughly  Tested  and  given  Complete  Satisfaction. 


The  entire  Lining,  Hanging  Plates,  Riffles  and  Boxes  Amalgamated 

IS    GUARANTEED    TO   SAVE    THE    FINEST    OR     FLOAT     GOLD. 

Capacity,  30  to  GO  tons  per  day,  according  to  size.     For  further  particulars  apply  to 

J.  MORIZIO,  Gen'l  Agt., 

Room  24,  Safe  Deposit  Building,  Corner  Montgomery  and  California  Streets,   SAN  FRANCISCO. 


;      SANDERSON  BROS.  &  GO.'S 

Best  Refined  Cast-Steel. 

Warranted  Most  Superior  for  Drills,  Hammers,  Etc. 

A  full  and    complete   stock   of  this   reliable  and  well-known 
brand  of  Steel,  for  mining  and  other  uses,  now  in  stock  and  for  sale 

At  No-  417  Market  St,  S.  F.,   -    H.  D.  Morris.  Agent. 


San   Francisco   Pioneer   Screen  Works, 

J.  W.  QUICK,  Manufacturer, 

Several  first  premiums  received 
for  Quartz  Mill  -Screens,  and  Per- 
forated Sheet  Metata  of  every 
■loseriiitiun.  I  would  call  special 
attention  to  my  SLOT  CUT  and 
SLOT  PUNCHED  SCREENS, 
which  are  attracting  much  at- 
tention and  giving  universal 
satisfaction.  This  is  the  only 
I  establishment  on  the  coast  de- 
voted exclusively  to  the  manufac- 
ture of  Screens.  Mill  owners  using  Battery  Screens  exten- 
sively can  contract  for  large  supplies  at  favorable  rates. 
Orders  sollcitedand  promptly  attended,  to. 

32  Fremont  Street,  San  Francisco. 


«Ei 


Prompt  and  Successful.—  Memrs.  Dewey  <fc  Co:— Gci 
tlemen:  Your  Circular  letter,  12th  inst.,  informing  me  of 
BUcceBsful  termination  of  my  applieatiou  for  patent  re- 
ceived. Please  accept  thanks  for  the  prompt  and  suc- 
cessful manner  in  which  you  have  managed  this  business 
Yours  respectfully,  J.  H.  Oavakauou. 

Walla  Walla,  Dee.  24th. 


THE     AMERICAN 


AlJ  sizes, 

and  adapted  to 

from 

3  to  500 

feet  head 


TURBINE 

Water  Wheels 


THE  BEST  IN  THE 
WORLD  ! 

Send  for  our  Circular 
and  Prices. 

BERRY  &  PLACE, 

■Market  St.,  Head    of  Front, 

San  Francisco. 


Ingersoll  Rock  Drills. 

In  use  in    the    largest    and   best 
Mines  of  the  Coast. 

HAS    AUTOMATIC  FEED. 

Has  less  Repairs. 

Is  Lighter  and  more  Easily  Ad- 
justed than  any  other  Drill. 
Our  DRY  AIR  COMPRESSORS  are  the  most  Economical  Compressors  in  the  Market. 

--,.      MINERS'  HORSE-POWER. 


This  Power  is  especially  adapted  to  working  mines,  hoist 
ing  coal  or  building  material,  etc,  It  will  do  the  work  of  a 
Steam  Engine  with  one-tenth  the  expense-.  One  Horse  can 
easily  hoist  over  1,000  pounds  at  a  depth  of  500  feet. 

The  Power  is  mainly  built  of  wrought  iron,  and  cannot  ho 
affect fd  by  exposure.  The  hoisting-drum  is  thrown  out  of 
gear  by  the  lever,  while  the  load  is  held  in  place  with  a  brako 
by  the  man  tending  bucket.  The  framo  of  the  Power  is 
bolted  to  bed-timbers,  thus  avoiding  all  frame  work.  When 
required  these  Powers  are  made  in  sections  for  packing. 


REYNOLDS.    RIX   &   CO..  18  &  20   Fremont  St..  San  Francisco. 


C2 


OTiiigiiiiP 


.ROASTINc;:CY(.lNDERS 


E  E 


Addjregs,  l^BASEB,  CHAI.MEBS  «fc  CO.,  Chicago,  111. 


D.   F.  HUTCHTNGS. 


II.   M.   DUNNE. 


J.  SANBBBSON 


nazcEnsrix:  oil 

HUTCHINGS     i 

OIL    and    COSV6M9SSION 


WORKS, 

;    CO., 

MERCHANTS, 


Manufacturers  and  Dealers  in  Sperm,  Whale,  Lard,  Machinery  and  Illuminating  Oils. 
517    FRONT   STREET     SAN    FRANCISCO. 


C.    L.    GILLER, 
SEAL    ENGRAVER    AND    DIE    SINKER, 

No.  430  MONTGOMERY  STREET,  S.  F. 

The  best  Work  done  on  the  moat  reasonable  terras  on 
the  Coast. 


Mining     Books. 

Orders  for  agricultural  and  scientific  books  in  £tneral 
will  be  supplied  through  this  office  at  published  rates. 

Dewey  &  Co.  { sanest }  Patent  Ag'ts. 


144 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS 


[March  i,    1879. 


THE  SAFETY  POWDER  COMPANY, 

San.  Francisco,  Cal. 


CARTRIDGE. 


GEN.  W.  S.  ROSECRANS, 
President. 


Safety  Cap  and  Fuse. 


Fuse  Lighter  and  Fuse. 

HE 


COL.  SAM'L  0.  GREGORY, 
Secretary. 


Electric  Cap. 


Safety  Powder,  Caps,  Electric  Caps,  and  Fuse  Lighters. 

Under  a  series  of  U.  S.  Patents,  after  long  and  carefully  conducted,  experiments  and  thou- 
sands of  tests,  this  Company  is  prepared  to  manufacture  and  supply,  for  Mining  and  Engineering 
Works,  the  above  named  articles  at  prices  and  on  terms  as  favorable  as  articles  of  similar  grades 
are  now  supplied  in  this  market.  Our  Powders  contain  no  Nitro -glycerine,  no  Nitroline,  no  Gun 
Cotton,  no  Fulminates,  and  are  free  from  the  unavoidable  dangers  in  manufacturing, 
transporting,  handling  and  using  of  all  high  grade  explosives  which  contain  those  elements. 

Cold  does  not  affect  them.  They  cause  no  headaches  or  other  inconveniences  in  handling, 
and  the  smoke  from  their  explosion  contains  no  poisoning  or  sickening  vapors. 

Their  blasting  force,  with  slight  tamping,  at  least  equals  that  of  any  Powders  now  used,  but 
they  admit  and  require  strong  tamping  to  bring  out  their  immense  and  peculiar  lifting  power 
which  follows  their   detonating  work.     They  should  be  fired,  therefore,  by  our 

"Safety   Cap," 

Which  allows  tamping  without  danger.  They  can  be  fired  by  any  caps  now  employed  iu  blasting, 
but  the  use  of  these  is  always  dangerous  with  any  Powder,  and  the  loss  of  the  throwing  power 
resulting  from  lack  of  tamping  renders  it  with  our  Powders  doubly  objectionable. 

Our  SAFETY  CAPS  have  twice  or  thrice  the  force  of  triple  Giant  Caps.  When  set  on  fire 
they  do   not  explode,  but  merely  burn  off,  and  are  perfectly  safe  in  transporting  and  in  tamping. 

In  round  tin  boxes,  50  cents. 

The  Safety   Fuse   Lighter, 

Cheap,  handy  and  sure  to  light  the  Fuse  upon  the  end  of  which  it  is  fastened,  only  needs  a  trial 
to  be  appreciated  by  every  miner  who  is  up  to  '  'snuffs. "     25  Cents  per  box;  sent  by  mail. 

Safety   Fuse, 

Equal  to  the  best  in  the  market,  will  be  supplied  at  the  lowest  market  prices. 


LEFFELS'  DOUBLE  TURBINE  WATER  WHEEL. 


Spherical  and  Horizontal  Flumes 


And  all  Mill  Gearing  Espe- 
cially adapted  to 
our  Wheel. 

FLOUR,   SAW, 


QUARTZ  MILL  Furnishing  Goods 

ETC.    ETC. 


Horizontal  Flume,  Pat.  April  1st,  1S73. 


/The    only  Water  Wheel   Keceiving-   Three   First-clas3 
Premiums  at  the  Centennial. 

TNO  AGENCY  WITHOUT  MY  AUTHORITY.— ALL  OTHERS  ARE  FRAUDULENT,  AND  WILL  BE  DEALT 
WITH  ACCORDING  TO  LAW,  BOTH  BUYER  AND  SELLEB. 

Prices  greatly  reduced.      Send  for  New  Illustrated  Catalogue. 

A.  MYERS,  General  Agent  for  Pacific  Coast. 

Address.  P.  0.  BOX  2293,  or  825  OAPP  STREET,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

When  you  come  to  the  City,  drop  me  a  note  in  the  Post-offlce,  and  I  will  find  you. 
Send  for  my  New  Illustrated  Wheel  Book  for  1879-*    Prices  greatly   reduced   and  less  than 
Eastern  with  freight. 
Horizontal  Penstock. 


A  large  stuck  of  all  sizes  always  on  hand.     The  only  manufacturer  of  the 


N.    W.    SPAULDING'S 


PATENT   DETACHABLE   TOOTH    SAWS, 

Manfuactory.  17  &  19  Fremont  St.,  S.  F. 

California  Inventors 

ican  and  Foreign  Patent  Solicitors.  Established  in 
1860.  Their  long  experience  as  journalists  and  large  prac- 
tice as  patent  attorneys  enables  them  to  offer  Pacific  Coast 
inventors  far  better  service  than  they  can  obtain  else- 
where. Send  for  free  circulars  of  information.  Office  of 
the  Mining  and  Scientific  Press  and  Pacific  Rural 
Press,  No.  202  Sansomc  St.,  San  Francisco. 


Should  con- 
sult DEWEY 
&  CO.,  AlIER- 


GARDNERS' 


Celebrated 


Governor 


These  Steam  Governors   have   long 
been  known  as  THE  BEST,  and 
as  lately  Improved  and  Per- 
fected, they  have  no  Rival. 

THE    SAFETY     STOP 

On  these  Governors  is  alone  worth  double  the  prico  of 
the  Governor.    We  have  sold  over  six  hundred,  and 

Never  one  has  Failed. 

They  are  sold  at  the  same  price  (or  less)  as  ordinary 
Governors.    Send  for  Circular. 

BERRY   &   PLACE, 

Market,  head  of  Front  St.,  San  Francisco 


Watsonville,  July  29th,  1878, 
Messrs.  Dewey  &  Co.— Gents:— I  was  not  expecting  my 
patent  so  soon.    You  certainly  kept  your  word  when  you 
said  no  time  would  be  lost.     I  remain,  yourstruly, 

\V.  T.  Easterdat. 


Dunham,  Garrigan  &  Go.,] 

Nos.  107, 109  &  111  Front  Street,  S.  F. 

PIPE    &    TUBES,    j 

Seamless    Lap-W  elded , 

For  Steam,  Gas,  Water  and  Oil  Wells. 

All  Sizes,  from  One-Fourth  to  15  Inches  Diameter. 
— ALSO— 


LAP-WELDED 


PUMP  COLUIMIIISr, 


-AND- 


Air  dks  Hy-c3Lr£LTili.o  JP:Lp>e, 

From    Three    to    Fifteen    Inches    in    Diameter. 
FOR    SALE    BY 

DUNHAM,    GARRIGAN    &    CO., 


Nos.  107. 109  and  111  Front  Street, 


San  Francisco. 


LEFFEL'S  IMPROVED  WATER  WHEEL. 


Users  of  Water  Power! 

Write  us  for  Pamphlet   of  our   celebrated  Leffel 
Turbine 

WATER   WHEEL. 


Great    Reduction    of    Prices 
FOR    1879. 


NEW    SHOPS 

AND 

I  NEW    MACHINERY 

ENABLES  US  TO  MAKE  THE 

Best    and    Cheapest    Wheel 

In  the  Market,     Write  to 

JAMES  LEFFEL  &  CO.,  Springfield,  Ohio,  or  109  Liberty  St.,  N.  Y. 


Good  land  that  will  raise, 
a  crop  every  year.  Over 
14,000  acres  for  sale  in  lots 
to  suit.  Climate  healthy.  No 
drouths,  bad  floods,  nor  ma- 
laria. Wood  and  water  con- 
venient. Title  perfect.  Send 
stamp  for  illustrated  circular, 
to  Edw.  Frisbie,  Anderson, 
Shasta  Co.,  Cal. 


Engraving  done  at  Ihis  office, 


R  PALACE 
ESTAURAN 


T 


218  Sansoxae  St. 


This  elegant  aud  Bpa 
cious  &.  F.  Restaurant 
has  been  re-opened  with 
superior  hill  of  fare  dai- 

Good  Living  at 
Reduced  Prices 

ly,  and  is  now  the  best 
andmostpopulardining 

— "^ «■»—— -b-^^^^™       SalOOD    On      this     Coast. 

[Lunch  ready  at  10  A.  M.]  Resident  business  men  and  visi- 
tors from  abroad  will  be  wise  in  giving  this  place  an  early 
call.    Examine  bill  of  fare  and  prices. 

HERMAN  H.  HORST,  Frop'r. 


To   Mining   Lien ! 

All  who  are  interested  in  improved  Mining  Machinery, 
are  requested  to  examine  one  of  the  largest  size  of 

PAUL'S  PULVERIZING  BARREL, 

Which  can  he  seen  (prior  to  shipment),  at  the  Golden 
State  and  Miners'  Foundry,  237  First  Street,  near  Howard. 


An  illustrates 


of  Mini  tig, 


J3Y    DEWEY    A    CO. 
PubllNhorN. 


SAN  FRANCISCO,  SATURDAY,  MARCH  8,  1879. 


VOLUME   sxxvm 

Number    lO. 


Boiler  Bfcplosions— No.  1. 

[Written  for  the  Presh  by  H.  W,  Rick.] 
The  exploding  of  portable  and  threshing 
engines  is  becoming  of  such  frequent  occurrence 
that  people  have  just  cause  for  fear  at  the  man- 
ner these  useful  machines  are  handled  by  in- 
competent persons,  as  well  as  by  those  who 
are  pronounced  to  be  good  engineers,  but  who 
have  not  made  themselves  masters  of  all  the 
minute  details  which  it  is  necessary  to  thor- 
oughly understand.  Very  many  of  our  best 
engineers  and  machinists  who  go  out  into  the 
harvest  fields  to  run  threshing  engines  cannot 
repair  a  steam  gauge,  and  when  one  is  taken 
apart  would  not  even  know  if  it  were  out  of 
order.  The  bursting  of  the  boiler  in  Stockton, 
which  caused  such  terrible  results,  could  have 
been  prevented  by  having  had  a  new  steam 
gauge  on  the  boiler  at  the  small  cost  of  five  dol- 
lars. The  driver  or  engineer  who  had  charge 
of  this  machine  was  considered  to  be  one  wor- 
thy of  his  calling.  He  had  considerable  expe- 
rience both  in  the  field  and  in  the  shop,  but  he 
may  never  have  seen  the  inside  of  a  steam 
gauge  ;  at  least 
he  did  not  know 
that  when  the 
pointer  of  his 
gauge  indicated 
only  forty 
pounds  that 
there  was  prob- 
ably from  two 
to  three  hun- 
d  r  e  d     pounds 

Eressure  upon 
is  boilers. 
This  explosion 
was  not  more 
terrific  than 
others  which 
have  taken 
place  near 
Stockton,  and 
in  other  parts 
of  the  State 
within  the  last 
few  years.  A 
greater  number 
of  persons  were 
killed  from  the 
fact  that  there 
were  a  greater 
number  c  o  1- 
lected  together, 
and  it  so  hap- 
pened that  the 

heaviest  part  of  the  machine  was  thrown 
to  where  the  greatest  number  were  stand- 
ing. This  boiler  was  made  of  good  mate- 
rial, the  work  of  putting  it  together  was  well 
and  strongly  done,  and  it  was  capable  of  stand- 
ing a  pressure  much  greater  than  would  ever 
be  required  to  do  any  work  which  the  engine 
was  able  to  perform.  It  is  apparent  that  it 
was  exploded  from  great  pressure,  as  the  sheet, 
which  is  the  under  part  of  the  furnace  gave 
way,  that  being  the  weakest  part  of  the  boiler. 
This  was  an  arched  or  crown  sheet  about  two 
and  one-half  feet  square.  It  did  not  collapse  or 
cripple  down  as  would  be  supposed  but  de- 
tached itself  entirely  from  the  parts  which 
were  held  by  stay-bolts,  and  was  blown  out  of 
the  furnace  in  the  opposite  direction  from  that 
taken  by  the  heavier  parts. 

The  part  consisting  of  the  boiler,  engine  fly- 
wheel, trucks,  etc.,  was  thrown  to  a  distance  of 
100  or  150  feet,  and  the  mass  must  have 
weighed,  when  it  Btarted,  at  least  6,000  pounds. 
It  was  shot  through  the  air  as  a  rocket  is  pro- 
pelled, and  is  an  illustration  of  what  an  im- 
mense power  there  is  in  steam  when  it  is  brought 
to  such  a  fearful  pressure.  There  is  not  a  doubt 
but  there  was  plenty  of  water  in  the  boiler  at 
the  time,  and  that  the  boiler  was  clean  and  in 
good  order.  The  safety  valve  beam  was  fastened 
down  by  a  coil  spring  balance  which  did  not 
have  an  index  or  register,  and  there  waB  no  way 
to  ascertain  by  it  that  there  was  any  extra 
heavy  pressure.  This  is  to  say  the  least,  a  poor 
contrivance,  and  should  never  be  used  on  any 
-boiler. 

While  it  is  not  ,wiae  to  hold  the  'engineer 


blameless,  it  is  much  more  dangerous  to  believe 
what  so  many  of  the  knowing  ones  Bay,  when 
they  tell  us  that  they  would  have  done  this 
thing  or  that  thing,  and  that  thoy  knew  it  all 
the  time,  etc.  For  instance,  on  the  seooud  day, 
after  the  accident,  while  standing  near  the  place 
talking  with  engineers  and  eye-witnesses,  an 
individual  stepped  forward  and  in  a  very  ex- 
cited manner  said:  "I  stood  right  along  side  of 
her.  I  was  looking  right  at  her.  I  saw  the 
sides  of  the  boiler  going  in  and  pressing  out, 
etc,"  How  many  times  has  this  been  said  be- 
fore by  firemen  or  helpers  around  engines,  and 
when  will  men  cease  to  be  so  wise  and  skillful 
that  they  cannot  learn  anything? 

One  person  made  the  remark  that  boys  14 
years  of  age  were  allowed  to  run  engineB,  and 
blamed  the  carelessness  of  engine  owners.  It 
may  be  remarked  that  it  is  much  easier  to  keep 
boys  from  running  engines,  than  it  is  to  en- 
lighten men  who  have  arrived  at  the  ripe  age  of 
30  or  40  years,  and  are  bo  wise  that  they  would 
not  learn  of  a  boy,  if  the  boy  happened  to  know 
a  great  deal  more  than  they  do.  There  is  a 
class  of  unskilled  men  who  having  been  fireman 
or  watermen  for  a  short  time  only,  will,  for  the 
sole  purpose  of  getting  a  few  dollars  extra  pay, 
recommend  themselves,  and,  although  they 
get    through   the     season     without  accidents, 


The  End  of  a  Swindler. 

Philip  Arnold,  one  of  the  promoters  of  the 
successful  diamond  swindle  perpetrated  upon 
certain  New  York  and  San  Francisco  capital- 
ists some  six  years  ago,  died  recently  at  his 
home  in  Elizabethtown,  Ky,  We  say  success- 
ful, if  the  consummation  of  a  scheme  so  nefari- 
ous can  in  any  sense  be  called  a  success.  Of 
Slack,  his  aider  and  abettor  in  this  business,  we 
have  heard  but  little  since  he  escaped  with  his 
share  of  the  loot  from  thin  to  the  other  side  of 
the  continent.  Being  a  person  of  less  shrewd- 
ness and  thrift  than  his  confederate  in  crime, 
he  failed  to  invest  his  money  wisely  and,  in 
fact,  we  believe  soon  lost  the  most  of  it,  after 
which  he  subsided  into  his  original  obscurity. 
Arnold,  however,  having  employed  his  capital 
to  better  purpose,  had  managed 'it  seems  to  not 
only  largely  increase  his  original  stock,  but 
also  succeeded  in  making  himself  quite  popular 
in  the  neighborhood  where  he  took  up  his 
abode.  Being  a  banker  and  able  to  extend 
financial  accommodations  to  the  needy,  and 
practicing  an   unbounded  hospitality  to  all,  his 


THE    NILBS    IMPROVED    DOUBLE    HOISTING    ENGINE. 


it  may  be  attributed  to  good  luck  rather 
than  any  knowledge  which  they  posseas.  There 
are  books  and  publications  which  are  easily  ob- 
tained at  very  small  expense ;  besides,  if  a  man 
wishes  to  become  familiar  with  an  engine,  he 
could,  by  spending  a  little  time,  take  one  apart 
and  put  it  together  again,  and  ev^en  should  he 
pay  a  competent  mechanic  to  give  him  instruc- 
tions, it  would  be  much  better  than  to  be 
speedily  sent  to  eternity,  taking  along  so  many 
others  who  are  quite  as  unprepared  and  unwil- 
ling to  go.  We  shall  have  more  to  say  on  this 
subject  in  another  article. 

The  Niles  Double  Hoisting  Engine. 

We  illustrate  herewith  one  of  the  Niles  im- 
proved hoisting  engines,  designed  specially  for 
use  on  this  coast,  by  Messrs.  Parke  &  Lacy, 
agents.  Several  styles  of  this  hoist  are  made, 
double  with  single  drum,  single  with  double 
drum,  etc.  The  illustration  represents  one  of 
the  double  engines  with  double  drum,  a  very 
powerful  and  compact  machine.  They  are  in 
use  at  the  Eureka  Consolidated  mine,  Eureka, 
Nevada,  the  Guadalupe  quicksilver  mine,  Ray- 
mond &  Ely,  Price  &  Davis,  Hoosac,  and  other 
mines  on  the  coast.  The  spur  wheel  and  reels 
are  made  in  sections,  so  they  can  be  taken 
down  small  shafts  and  set  up  underground.  All 
the  gears  are  cut,  which  is  a  decided  advantage. 
Some  of  the  hoists  of  this  style  are  now  being 
built  in  sections,  no  piece  weighing  over  300 
pounds,  to  be  packed  on  mule  back  into  the 
interior  of  Mexico. 


plausible  version  of  the  diamond  affair  was 
accepted  by  the  people  amongst  whom  he  lived 
without  much  scrutiny;  being  generally  re- 
garded as  a  smart  trick  practiced  upon  a  set  of 
knaves  who  would  have  played  the  same  on  him 
had  opportunity  offered. 

And  bo,  Philip  Arnold  was  held  in  tolerable 
repute  in  his  old  home;  built  himself  a  fine 
house,  bought  a  farm  and  improved  it  highly; 
kept  a  stud  of  fast  horses,  and  prospered  in  a 
way  that  seemed  likely  to  falsify  the  old  adage 
of  honesty  being  the  best  policy,  and  other 
aphorisms  of  similar  purport.  But  it  didn't 
quite  turn  out  that  way  in  the  end:  our  banker 
having  gotten  into  a  difficulty  with,  a  rival 
doing  business  in  the  same  town,  the  trouble 
lead  to  a  personal  squabble  that  culminated  in  a 
shooting  scrape,  in  which  Arnold,  after  killing 
an  innocent  man  with  a  shot  aimed  at  his  an- 
tagonist, was  himself  so  badly  hurt  that  he 
died  from  the  effects  of  the  wound  soon  af- 
ter— died  while  yet  a  comparatively  young 
man — died  before  he  had  hardly  more  than 
tasted  the  fruits  of  bis  ill-gotten  gains;  his 
reputation  blasted  and  his  memory  burdened 
with  that  basest  of  all  crimes,  ingratitude  to 
benefactors  and  perfidy  to  friends.  It  was  a 
poor  exchange,  after  all,  that  Philip  Arnold 
made — this  of  bartering  away  the  ever-conscious 
sense  of  integrity  and  a  not  dishonorable  pov- 
erty, for  an  infamously  acquired  wealth. 

However  the  inhabitants  of  this  little  Ken- 
tucky vUlage,  accepting  his  account  of  the 
affair  as  correct,  might  feel  disposed  to  condone 
his  offence,  there  is  here,  where  the  matter  is 
better  understood,  but  one  opinion  in  regard  to 


it;  this  community  being  quite  unanimous  in 
the  belief  that  Messrs.  Arnold  and  Slack  were 
guilty  of  perpetrating  a  contemptable  piece  of 
villainy,  for  which  they  richly  deBerved  to  be 
sent  to  the  State  prison;  and  that  they  escaped 
expiating  their  crime  by  a  long  term  of  penal 
servitude,  was  simply  because  the  men  whom 
they  had  inveigled  into  this  miserable  busi- 
ness did  not  care  to  have  their  good  names 
still  more  besmirched  through  a  further  connec- 
tion with  it. 

This  diamond  swindle  was  Dot  merely  an  im- 
moral, but  was  in  every  aspect  of  the  caBe  a 
highly  criminal  procedure.  It  was  even  marked 
by  such  a  disregard  of  pledged  faith  and  the 
claims  of  friendship,  as  to  many  honorable 
minds  is  more  abhorrent  than  crime  itself.  The 
parties  to  whose  influence  and  exertions  this 
Bcheme  was  mainly  indebted  for  the  small 
measure  of  success  that  attended  it,  were  them- 
selves grossly  deceived  and  misled  by  the  mis- 
creats  who  originally  planned  it.  Coming 
from  the  same  section  of  the  South  and  holding 
like  social  and  political  views  with  Arnold  and 
Slack,  they  reposed  the  greatest  confidence  in 
their  integrity  and  believed  all  they  said. 
Hence  the  mischief,  both  they  and  such  of  their 
friends  as  they  had  induced  to  embark  in  the 
enterprise  suffering 'heavy  pecuniary  loss  and 
exposing  them- 
selves to  the 
suspicion  of  be- 
ing the  authors 
and  promoters 
of  the  fraud. 
Ignorant  and 
unknown  Ar- 
nold and  his  ac- 
complice could, 
unaided  by  men 
of  position  and 
means,  never 
have  floated 
their  scheme 
upon  the  public. 
The  improb- 
ability of  their 
pretended  dis- 
covery would, 
but  for  the  well 
known  and  re- 
putable names 
of  these  parties, 
have  invited 
such  close  scru- 
tiny, as  must 
have  exploded 
the  thing  at 
the  start.  The 
expert  sent  to 
examine  the 
"find"  was 
through  this  cause  thrown  off  his  guard,  and 
committed  a  blunder  into  which  he  would  not 
otherwise  have  fallen. 

Although  they  captured  and  got  away  with  a 
considerable  amount  of  money,  the  fate  that 
seems  to  have  overtaken  this  brace  of  rascals  is 
not  calculated  to  encourage  to  a  numerous  fol- 
lowing in  their  footsteps;  the  one  having  been 
speedily  dispossessed  of  his  plunder,  while  the 
other,  after  enjoying  his  dishonest  gains  for  a 
season,  stains  his  hands  with  additional  crimes 
and  dies  as  the  fool  dieth,  leaving  some  prop- 
erty and  an  unsavory  reputation  behind  him. 
Of  a  truth  the  ancient  but  homely  saying  that 
"what  comes  over  the  devil's  back  is  sure  to  go 
under  his  belly,"  seems  in  the  case  of  these  two 
men  to  have  been  amply  verified. 


Meteorlogical  Summary  for  February. — 
The  report  of  the  United  States  Signal  Service 
officer,  of  San  Francisco,  for  the  month  of 
February  is  summarized  as  follows:  The  mean 
hight  of  barometer  for  the  month  was  30.126; 
mean  temperature,  54.1;  mean  humidity,  79.2; 
prevailing  winds,  west;  highest  barometer, 
30.420;  lowest,  29.797;  highest  temperature, 
70°;  lowest,  43.5°;  monthly  range,  26.5°;  great- 
est velocity  of  wind,  29  miles  per  hour;  total 
number  of  miles  traveled  by  wind,  4,471;  total 
rainfall,  4. 90  inches.  Rainfall  in  February  du- 
ring former  years:  1872,  6.90  inches:  1873, 
3.94  inches;  1874,  2.21  inches;  1875,  .32  inches; 
1876,  4.92  inches;  1877,  1.18  inches;  1878, 
12.52  inches. 


146 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[March  8,   1879. 


vORRESPONDENCE. 


We  admit,  unendorsed,  opinions  of  correspondents. — Eds. 


Letter  from  Arizona. 

Pioneer  District  -Slow  Movements  and  then- 
Causes. 
Editors  Press: — Although  silver  ore  was  dis- 
covered in  this  district  several  years  ago,  not 
until  the  past  IS  months  was  anything  effectual 
accomplished  towards  working  the  mines;  and 
even  the  amount  of  exploration  yet  done  is  in- 
considerable, in  view  of  the  encouraging  surface 
indications  met  with  in  various  parts  of  the 
district.  It  is  only  about  eight  months  since 
there  have  been  any  facilities  here  for  the  re- 
duction of  custom  ores,  these  facilities  being 
still  limited  and  inadequate  to  the  requirements 
of  the  country.  This  slow  progress  has  been 
caused  not  so  much  from  a  want  of  merit  in  the 
mines  as  by  the  peculiar  customs  that  prevail 
among  prospectors  and  other  extraneous  condi- 
tions, 

The  High  Prices  of  Freights 
Being  one  cf  the  greatest  obstacles  to  the  min- 
eral development  and  general  advancement  of 
the  country.  With  the  exception  of  breadstuffs, 
which  are  raised  abundantly  in  the  Gila  and 
Salt  River  valleys,  everything  consumed  here  is 
brought  from  San  Francisco,  the  average  cost  of 
through  freight,  having  heretofore  been  eight 
cents  per  pound,  and  the  time  40  days,  is  now 
diminished  somewhat  by  the  carrying  forward 
of  the  railroad  up  the  Gila.  With  this  tax, 
which  falls  heavily  on  mining  machinery  in  par- 
ticular, it  requires  considerable  capital  and  faith 
in  the  country  to  inaugurate  operations  of  any 
magnitude.  The  present  showing  of  the  mines, 
however,  would  seem  to  warrant  the  requisite 
outlay,  and  two  small  mills,  to  be  devoted 
chiefly  to  custom  work,  having  been  brought  in 
here  last  summer,  give  prospectors  and  mines  a 
chance  to  realize  something  at  once.  In  the 
event  of  the  completion  of  the  Southern  Pacific 
railroad  as  far  as  Maricopa  Wells,  the  freight 
would  be  reduced  nearly  one-half,  and  the  time 
to  about  12  days. 

"This  Country  Needs  Capital." 

Ever  since  the  discovery  of  the  precious 
metals,  in  this  part  of  the  Territory,  the  above 
has  been  the  loud  and  incessant  cry  of  claim- 
holders.  Locations  that  could  have  been  made 
to  pay  their  own  way  from  the  beginning,  have 
been  permitted  to  lie  idle  while  the  owners  ex- 
hausted their  time  and  means  in  hunting  for 
capital.  The  time  was  when  men  located  mines 
for  the  purpose  of  working  them  on  their 
merits,  the  strong  and  willing  hand  of  the 
miner  rarely  failing  then  to  wrest  its  reward 
from  the  wealth  they  contained;  but  times  have 
changed,  and  with  them  men  also.  The  spirit 
of  speculation  is  rife  among  all  classes,  and  the 
honest  miner  has  not  escaped  its  blight.  He 
no  longer  looks  upon  his  mine  as  the  legitimate 
means  of  making  money  by  the  sweat  of  his 
brow,  but  as  a  thing  created  for  the  express 
purpose  of  being  sold,  and  the  "lucky  miner"  is 
now  the  one  who  gets  the  highest  price  for  the 
poorest  claim.  This  mania  for  selling  mines 
gave  rise  to  the  countless  fables  of  untold  wealth 
found  here  on  every  hillside.  These  reports 
were  persisted  in  and  industriously  circulated  to 
attract  the  attention  of  capitalists,  whose 
money  was  not  so  sorely  needed  for  the  develop- 
ment of  the  mines  as  to  pay  the  big  prices  set 
upon  them.  The  effect  was  to  bring  here  a 
great  influx  of  men  of  various' classes.  Many  of 
them  were  indeed  capitalists  or  their  agents 
searching  for  investments,  and  these,  for  the 
most  part,  rinding  nothing  approaching  what 
they  had  been  led  to  expect,  condemned  the 
whole  thing  without  stopping  long  enough  to 
learn  the  true  value  of  the  country. 

The  demand  for  "capitalists"  was  so  great 
that  every  person  arriving  was  sought  out  and 
interviewed  the  moment  he  reached  any  mining 
district;  almost  as  soon  as  be  entered  the  Ter- 
ritory. It  was  hard  for  the  stranger  to  resist 
the  temptation  to  assume  the  character  of  an 
Astor  for  an  hour,  thus  thrust  upon  him,  and 
many  amusing  incidents  grew  out  of  this  ten- 
dency to  cast  a  halo  of  millions  around  any  beg- 
gar who  might  turn  up.  Even  newspaper  cor- 
respondents were  sometimes  through  mistake 
wined  and  dined  and  whiskyed,  and  offered 
"the  richest  mine  in  the  Territory"  for  a  paltry 
hundred  thousand.  So  many  sharps  at  length 
began  to  assume  the  role  of  the  capitalist  that 
the  business  fell  into  disrepute,  the  proprietors 
of  the  hotels  and  bars  having  especially  reason 
to  remember  these  Arizona  capitalists  with 
loathing  disgust,  and  to  speak  of  them  pro- 
fanely. 

Could  the  sale  of  mines  have  been  effected  as 
contemplated  by  the  locator,  the  district  would 
have  gone  ahead  swimmingly.  But  they  seemed 
to  have  lost  sight  of  the  fact  that  the  same  fore- 
sight and  care  that  enable  a  man  to  accumulate 
money  also  prevents  him  from  disbursing  it  for 
less  than  its  equivalent.  A  location  that  might 
change  hands  among  prospectors  for  the  consid- 
eration of  a  sack  of  flour  or  a  broken  six-shooter, 
would  be  blandly  offered  to  a  moneyed  man  at 
$15,000  or  §20,000,  while  claims  having  any  sil- 
ver in  sight  and  a  good  vein  cropping  out  would 
be  held  much  higher.  If  a  reasonable  reduction 
of  98%  were  asked,  the  owner  might  be  induced 
to  lower  the  price  one-half,  he  falsely  arguing 
that  a  wealthy  man  could  afford  to  pay  any 


price  for  it.  Here  negotiations  usually  ended, 
wherefore  comparatively  few  sales  have  been 
made,  and  those  usually  where  the  owners  have 
been  forced  by  circumstances  to  accept  reason- 
able prices.  To  develop  the  mines  of  this  dis- 
trict, would  require  but  a  comparatively  small 
amount  of  capital — to  purchase  them  would 
strain  the  resources  of  the  Rothschilds.  No 
great  degree  of  prosperity  can  be  looked  for 
until  the  locators  of  these  mines  either  go  to 
work  on  them  themselves  or  consent  to  terms 
which  will  enable  others  to  do  so. 

Need  for  Some  Further  Congressional  Leg- 
islation. 

The  only  law  recognized  here  in  locating  and 
holding  claims  is  the  Congressional  act  of  1872. 
This  was  no  doubt  passed  and  approved  under 
the  impression  that  the  miners  of  the  various 
districts  would  frame  and  adopt  such  further 
restrictive  laws  as  circumstances  might  require. 
The  mining  lands  being  as  much  a  part  of  the 
public  domain  as  any  other,  they  should  be  aB 
jealously  guarded  against  the  wiles  of  the  specu- 
lator and  grabber.  The  law  is  very  strict  in 
regard  to  the  amount  of  agricultural  land  which 
one  person  can  locate  and  hold,  the  location  of 
a  second  claim  implying  the  desertion  of  the 
first.  But  it  is  silent  in  regard  to  the  number 
of  mining  claims  which  one  person  can  hold,  the 
custom  being,  and  the  courts  maintaining,  that 
it  is  without  limit.  This  is  repugnant  not  only 
to  the  spirit  of  our  government,  but  to  common 
sense  and  justice,  for  it  enables  a  few  men  who 
happen  to  come  early  into  a  mining  region  to 
lock  up  the  treasures  of  a  whole  district  and 
levy  a  sort  of  tribute  or  blackmail  on  those  who 
come  later.  Nor  is  this  the  only  defective 
feature  of  the  law.  It  allows  one  year  in  which 
to  perform  $100  worth  of  work  on  a  claim,  or 
virtually  gives  a  man  the  privilege  of  holding 
any  amount  of  mining  land  for  a  whole  year 
without  making  any  improvements  on  it  what- 
ever, while  the  custom,  which  is  to  place  the 
most  liberal  construction  on  the  law,  only  aggra- 
vates the  matter,  by  holding  that  if  a  man  be  on 
the  ground  with  tools  at  the  time  the  year  ex- 
pires, he  may  go  on  with  the  work  and  hold  the 
claim  for  the  second  year.  The  loose  customs 
which  prevail  here  are,  in  fact,  a  great  injury 
to  the  country  and  somewhat  in  conflict  with 
the  law.  It  is  not  considered  necessary  to  mark 
the  boundary  of  a  location,  as  the  law  provides. 
Two  or  three  small  monuments  with  a  single 
notice  indicating  the  general  directions  of  the 
lines  are  supposed  to  be  enough,  so  that  many 
claims  are  made  lapping  on  each  other.  The 
clause  which  presumes  that  a  mineral-bearing 
vein  shall  be  discovered  before  it  is  claimed,  is 
also  entirely  ignored,  the  rule  being  to  claim 
the  ground  and  take  the  chance  of  findiug  some- 
thing on  it  afterward.  The  requirements  of  the 
law  in  this  particular  are  very  generally  dodged. 
It  is  no  uncommon  thing  for  several  prospectors, 
or  more  properly  speaking  speculators,  holding 
a  dozen  claims,  each  to  preconcert  arrange- 
ments whereby  they  relocate  each  for  the  other 
when  the  time  for  doing  the  assessment  work 
expires,  the  ground  being  afterward  deeded 
back,  and  the  law  cheated  of  its  rights  for 
another  year. 

These  loose  ways,  in  general,  are  not  only 
causing  present  trouble,  but  they  are  sowing 
the  seeds  of  endless  future  litigation.  Even 
now  it  is  hardly  safe  to  make  a  discovery  of  any 
value  unless  one  is  ready  to  defend  it  at  law  or 
by  physical  force.  Now  if  Congress  is  going  to 
legislate  upon  the  subject  at  all,  it  should  do  so 
effectively.  Miners,  as  a  class,  are  averse  to 
much  law,  and  having  a  general  one  are  loth  to 
frame  local  codes,  fearing  conflicts  and  complica- 
tions. Several  attempts  to  organize  district 
laws  here  have  been  defeated  by  the  mistaken 
assertion  that  "the  United  States  law  is  good 
enough." 

If  the  benefit  of  the  people  at  large  is  the 
object  of  law,  it  would  seem  that  a  stringent 
act  of  Congress  properly  enforced  and  correct- 
ing these  and  other  flagrant  abuses  would  meet 
the  case.  After  reviewing  all  these  obstacles 
which  the  district  has  had  to  contend  against, 
enough  it  would  seem  to  blight  the  progress  of 
the  most  favored  land,  the  wonder  is  that  any- 
thing at  all  has  been  accomplished  toward  the 
legitimate  operation  of  the  mines.  The  outlook 
for  the  future,  however,  is  at  present  better 
than  ever  before.  There  is  a  noticeable  ten- 
dency on  the  part  of  miners  to  give  up  the  delu- 
sive hope  of  selling  out  at  fabulous  prices  and 
get  down  to  the  actual  business  of  working 
their  mines  for  the  ore  they  will  yield.  And 
the  want  of  capital,  though  there  is  room  for 
more,  is  not  so  badly  felt,  now  that  there  are 
milling  facilities  enough,  at  least,  to  keep  the 
wolf  from  the  door.  Assayer. 

Arizona,  Feb.  18th.  1879. 


Galvanizing  Steam  Boilers. 

Editors  Press: — I  desire  to  call  your  atten- 
tion to  a  suggested  improvement,  that,  if  prop- 
erly carried  out,  might  be  of  much  public  value. 
It  is  the  galvanizing  of  steam  boilers.  I  inves- 
tigated the  matter  a  few  years  since,  and  think- 
ing it  would  be  a  great  protection,  in  case  of 
using  salt  or  mineral  waters  (nearly  always  found 
in  mining  districts),  made  application  for  letters 
patent,  which  were  refused  on  the  ground  of 
lack  of  novelty.  The  new  application  to  steam 
boilers  was  the  foundation  of  my  claim. 

I  should  like  that  some  person  would  put  this 
suggestion  in  practice  and  give  it  a  fair  test. 
A.  D.  Rock. 

Eureka,  Nev.,  Feb.  28th,  1879. 


Old  Fort  Miller  and  Surroundings. 

Editors  Press: — The  business  travels  of 
your  correspondent  in  this  region,  have  brought 
him  to  what  was  once  an  important  point  of  the 
Upper  San  Joaquin  river,  where  it  begins  its 
exit  from  the  foothills  of  the  Sierra  Nevada 
mountains.  I  allude  to  the  old  Government 
station,  known  as  Fort  Miller,  which  was  estab- 
lished in  1851,  on  the  south  bank  of  the  stream. 
Blake,  in  his  instructive  and  valuable  work 
known  as  "The  Geological  Reconnoisance  of 
California,  etc.,"  prepared  as  one  of  the  reports 
of  Lieut.  Williamson's  expedition  in  1853,  gives 
a  full  description  and  a  handsome  engraving  of 
the  cove  and  surrounding  mountains  at  this  in- 
teresting point  on  one  of  California's  two  chief 
rivers.  Judge  Charles  A.  Hart,  an  old  and  re- 
spected citizen  of  Fresno  county,  owns  the 
former 

Site  and  Buildings 
Of  Fort  Miller,  and  has  there  a  valuable  ranch 
and  garden.  As  his  home,  he  occupies  with  his 
family  one  of  several  well-constructed  adobe 
buildings,  which  remain  standing  in  an  excellent 
state  of  preservation.  There  is  not  perhaps  on 
this  coast  a  finer  sample  of  an  adobe  building 
than  Judge  Hart's.  Its  walls  are  about  30 
inches  thick,  and  it  remains  almost  entirely  un- 
marked by  the  earthquakes  and  storms  through 
which  it  has  passed  during  the  last  quarter  of  a 
century.  The  Judge  took  me  through  his  gar- 
den, which,  on  the  7th  of  December,  was  in 
full  cultivation:  Chinese  mustard,  tomatoes, 
peppers,  lettuce  and  other  vegetables  growing 
in  luxuriance,  still  unnipped  by  the  slightest 
frost.  Yet  heavy  frosts  had  prevailed  for  more 
than  a  month  throughout  the  San  Joaquin  val- 
ley westward  of  the  foothills,  and  at  a  less  ele- 
vation above  the  sea  than  is  this  cosy,  pictur- 
esque nook,  but  a  few  miles  above  4he  broad, 
level  plains.  This  fact  known,  your  readers 
will  not  wonder  that  orange,  lemon,  almond, 
and  fig  trees,  and  choice  grapevines,  to  say 
nothing  of  other  fruit  and  nut  trees,  'are  grow- 
ing most  rankly  and  thriftily.  Here  the  com- 
mon red  pepper  is  growing  perennially,  plants  of 
it  blooming  and  bearing  year  after  year.  For 
garden  and  orchard,  irrigation  is  received  from 
a  spring,  more  than  a  mile  distant,  in  the  higher 
foothills. 

This  instance  proves  that 

A  Valuable  Fruit  Belt 
Exists  along  the  foothills  of  the  Sierras  in  these 
southern  counties,  where  frost  is  almost  un- 
known, as  is  proved  at  Newcastle  and  other 
points  for  the  corresponding  parts  of  Sacra 
mento  valley.  To  utilize  this  truth,  in  Merced, 
Fresno,  Tulare  and  Kern  counties,  only  irriga- 
tion, industry  and  moderate  means  are  requi- 
site. 

The  site  of  old  Fort  Washington  is  found  on 
the  fine  ranch  of  V.  B.  Cobb,  seven  or  eight 
miles  below  Fort  Miller,  on  quite  a  long  stretch 
of  bottom  land,  occupied  by  the  valuable  farms 
of  the  Birkhead  Bros.,  W.  J.  McNeill,  William 
Witt,  Col.  Lane,  and  others. 

Half  a  mile  below  Fort  Miller  is  the  little 
that  remains  of  MiUerton — once  the  county 
seat  of  Fresno.  The  substantial  brick  Court- 
house, with  its  jail  basement  of  granite,  re- 
mains standing,  and  is  used  as  a  school-house. 
But  two  white  families  live  in  this  truly  de- 
serted village,  the  rest  being  given  up  to  the 
numerous  Chinamen,  who  are  mining  consider- 
ably along  this  part  of  the  river,  and  for  30 
miles  above. 

Two  miles  below  MiUerton,  about  half  a  mile 

below   Converse's   and    Jones'   old   ferries — no 

longer  kept  up — is   to  be  the  head-gate  of  the 

Upper  San  Joaquin  Irrigation  Canal   Co.'s 

Canal, 

To  which  allusion  has  already  been  made  in 
your  columns.  Their  camp  has  already  been 
formed  and  work  begun.  Your  readers  will  be 
farther  informed  of  its  future  progress.  This 
company  which  controls  some  80,000  acres — 
to  be  irrigated  eventually  by  this  canal — offer 
a  rare  chance  to  industrious  men  of  moderate 
means  to  work  upon  the  ditch  with  their  teams, 
be  paid  in  company's  stock,  and  afterwards 
if  they  wish,  buy  land  and  water  rights  for  this 
script,  which  will  be  taken  at  its  par  value  in 
payment  for  such  land.  This  enterprise  is  af- 
fording a  present  home  market  for  surplus  hay 
and  barley. 

I  must  tell  your  readers  of  the  most  exten- 
sive and  best  sustained  mining  enterprise  that 
has  yet  been  attempted  upon  the  gold-bearing 
gravel  of  the  San  Joaquin  river. 

In  January,  1877,  the 

Kentucky  Mining  Co 
Began  the  constuction  of  a  mining  ditch  14 
miles  long.  It  is  now  completed,  with  three 
miles  of  flumes.  It  also  furnishes  water  for 
two  other  mines,  along  the  San  Joaquin  and  its 
tributaries,  known  as  the  Frieze  and  the  Fine- 
Gold  mines.  Messrs.  Hampton,  Donahoo, 
Howard  and  Holt  are  among  the  chief  stock- 
holders, the  former  being  Secretary,  and  Mr. 
E.  F.  Holt,  Superintendent.  Their  ditch,  as  I 
am  informed,  runs  from  250  to  300  inches  of 
water — miners'  measure — the  supply  never  fail- 
ing. Their  method  of  work  is  entirely  the  hy- 
draulic. Their  works  have  cost  up  to  this  time 
$10,000  or  $12,000. 

Having  spent  some  IS  months  in  the  comple- 
tion of  their  ditch,  they  began  work  about  a 
month  ago,  and  are  well  pleased  with  results. 
Their  claim  extends  two  miles  along  the  river 


front,  their  present  work  being  just  opposite 
old  Fort  Miller.  Their  gravel  varies  in  depth 
from  10  to  30  feet.  They  find  considerable 
blue  gravel,  but  most  of  it  is  granite,  partaking 
of  the  nature  of  the  vast  masses  of  rock  here 
and  for  many  miles  up  the  river.  Mr.  Holt 
assures  me  that  they  find  this  to  be  a  first-class 
gold-bearing  gravel  deposit.  He  informs  me 
that  the  mining  enterprise  in  Fine-Gold  gulch 
is  also  doing  well,  as  are  other  mining  projects 
in  this  district.  You  and  your  readers  will  be 
pleased  to  learn,  that  the  mining  as  well  as  the 
farming  interests  of  Fresno  county  are  looking 
up — and  surely  these  twin  sisters  of  California's 
industry  should  always  go  hand  in  hand,  if 
they  do  have  family  quarrels  once  in  awhile. 
J.  W.  A.  W. 
Fresno  Co.,  Cal.,  Dec.  9th. 


From  the  Comstock. 

Editors  Press: — The  east  shaft  now  being 
sunk  in  the  Sierra  Nevada  mine  from  the  1700 
to  the  2200  level  will,  it  is  expected,  be  com- 
pleted within  a  week.  If  the  ore  found  farther 
south  in  that  mine  extends  as  far  north  as  this 
shaft,  the  fact  wiU  most  likely  then  be  demon- 
strated. It  may  be,  however,  that  the  ore, 
though  it  extend  that  far  north,  will  not  be  in- 
tersected by  this  shaft,  in  which  case  a  crosscut 
will  have  to  be  run  west  from  the  bottom  of  the 
shaft  to  reach  it.  Should  the  ore  be  found  to 
reach  to  this  point,  it  will  tend  to  show  that  it 
is  a  body  of  considerable  dimensions,  the  dis- 
tance thence  south  to  the  incline  where  ore  is 
known  to  exist  being  about  500  feet.  It  is  also 
known  that  ore  extends  from  the  2100  level  at 
the  incline  to  the  2300  level,  and  presumably 
farther  down.  How  far  it  extends  south  from 
the  incline  is  not  known. 

Awaiting  resultB  of  farther  exploration  there 
is  much  anxiety  manifested  among  all  classes. 
Meantime,  gambling  in  the  shares  of  this  mine 
goes  on  actively,  and  should  anything  occur  to 
send  up  the  price  of  this  stock,  it  will  no  doubt 
take  up  others  in  the  immediate  neighborhood 
with  it.  There  is  much  need  of  bonanza  devel- 
opments here,  as  the  old  ones  are  being  worked 
out.  There  are  anticipations  of  important 
changes  to  take  place  in  several  of  our  mines 
for  the  better,  and  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  such 
will  prove  to  be  the  case,  as  we  stand  in  great 
need  of  a  greater  output  of  ore.  The  influence 
would  be  felt  far  and  wide.  The  many  mills 
that  are  standing  still  would  be  started  up,  and 
hundreds  of  idle  mechanics  and  miners  get  em- 
ployment, effecting  a  most  desirable  change  in 
the  affairs  of  this  sage-brush  community. 

Several  important  connections  have  been  made 
between  shafts  of  different  mines  at  quite  adepth 
lately,  much  improving  their  ventilation,  and 
more  are  about  to  be  made,  which  will  facilitate 
working  in  the  lower  levels,  thereby  affording 
opportunity  to  extend  explorations  in  virgin 
ground,  with  good  hope  that  ore  may  be  found. 

J.  D. 

Virginia  City,  Nevada,  Feb.  25th,  1879. 


M.  Treovelot,  a  foreign  scientific  observer, 
has  been  experimenting  with  butterflies,  in  order 
to  solve  the  disputed  question  as  to  the  use  of 
the  antennae.  He  found  they  could  fly  when 
deprived  of  the  antennae,  but  with  some  hesita- 
tion of  movement.  When  blinded  they  did  not 
perceive  sugar  by  the  antennae;  but  if  the  stump 
were  touched  with  it,  the  proboscis  was  at 
once  unrolled  and  searched  for  it.  M.  Treuve- 
lot  concludes  that  the  sense  located  in  the  an- 
tennae is  not  merely  that  of  touch,  hearing  or 
taste,  nor  a  combination  of  all  three. 


A  good  oil  for  gun-locks,  etc. ,  is  said  to  be 
made  in  this  way:  Fill  a  phial  three  parts  with 
almond  oil,  then  till  up  the  remainder  with 
clean  lead  chips.  Keep  the  phial  in  a  warm 
room  and  shake  it  now  and  then  for  a  month, 
at  the  end  of  which  time  most  of  the  mucilage 
and  acid  naturally  in  the  oil  will  have  combined 
with  the  lead,  and  thus  be  clarified  and  fit  for 
lubricating  gun-locks,  reels  and  other  similar 
work. 


A  Novelty  in  Firearms. — A  Spaniard,  of 
Madrid,  has  invented  a  novelty  in  revolving 
firearms.  It  consists  in  the  addition  of  a 
special  chamber  for  receiving  from  the  rear  end 
of  the  cylinder,  a  portion  of  the  gas  resulting 
from  the  explosion  of  the  cartridge,  and  convey- 
ing it  to  one  of  the  discharged  chambers  to 
expel  the  empty  shell. 

The  State  Engineer  party,  under  Major  War- 
field,  is  now  engaged  in  running  levels  in  each 
direction,  north,  east,  south  and  west,  from 
Visalia,  in  order  to  ascertain  the  fall  of  the 
country.  They  are  also  collecting  information 
in  regard  to  ditches,  amount  of  land  irrigated, 
etc. 


Ocean  Telegraphy. — The  application  of  the 
duplex  system  to  several  of  the  Atlantic  cableB, 
it  is  said,  has  effected  an  increase  in  their  work- 
ing capacity  of  fully  70%. 

Last  year  3,G06,4b'5  cigars  and  5,500  cigar- 
ettes were  made  in  Maine,  consuming  89,814 
pounds  of  tobacco,  while  820,832  worth  of  rev- 
enue stamps  were  used. 

In  sinking  a  well  GO  feet  deep  at  Blackfoot, 
Snake  river,  gold  was  found  every  foot  of  the 
way  down. 


March  8,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


147 


Steam  Engines  to  be  Superseded. 

When  we  reflect  upon  the  enormous  impulse 
given  to  civilization  by  the  steam  engiue,  the 
genius  which  has  exhausted  every  resource  to 
perfect  it,  its  universal  use,  and  the  grandeur 
and  subtlety  of  the  physical  laws  upon  which 
its  usefulness  depends,  it  is  almost  with  a  feel- 
ing of  regret  that  we  listen  to  the  prediction  of 
its  becoming  a  thing  of  the  past,  to  be  read  of 
by  future  generations  as  only  one  of  the  steps 
in  a  long  chain  of  sequences  by  which  the  hu- 
man mind  has  gradually  become  master  of  nat- 
ural forces.  \  et  the  man  who  of  all  men  may 
claim  the  ability  to  forecast  the  future  of  the 
■team  engine,  whoso  eminent  ability  has  been 
directed  through  a  long  and  industrious  life  al- 
most wholly  to  the  investigation  of  the  princi- 
ples of  steam  power,  thus  prophesies. 

We  refer  to  Mr.  John  Bourne,  in  whose 
greatest,  and  perhaps  final  work,  entitled 
"'Steam,  Air  ana  Gas  Engines,"  ho  uses  the  fol- 
lowing remarkable  language  as  part  of  the  open- 
ing chapter: 

"The  present  time  is  ono  of  movement  and 
apparently  of  impending  revolution  in  the 
means  of  obtaining  motive  power.  The  steam 
engine  haviug  for  nearly  a  century  been  the 
only  efficient  thermo-dynamic  motor,  and  after 
having  remained  without  any  change  in  its 
principle  or  action,  and  even  without  auy  strik- 
ing improvement  in  its  details  since  it  was  dis- 
missed from  the  hauds  of  Watt,  is  now,  I  be- 
lieve, on.  the  eve  of  supercession  by  simpler 
and  more  economical  machines.  And,  although 
among  a  host  of  competing  contrivances,  we 
cannot  yet  single  out  any  one  to  which  we 
should  be  warranted  in  doing  homage  as  the 
prime  move  of  the  future,  and  although  such 
an  engine  has  probably  yet  to  be  invented,  still 
there  is  no  reason  to  doubt  that  it  will  before 
very  long  appear. 

*4The  number  and  variety  of  the  schemes 
which  have  been  put  forward  for  obtaining  motive 
power  from  heat  show  very  clearly  the  exist- 
ence of  a  wide-spread  perception  of  the  enor- 
mous faults  of  the  present  steam  engine,  and  of 
the  exigent  need  which  exists  for  the  introduc- 
tion of  some  better  contrivance  to  take  its  place. 
To  the  creation  of  this  sentiment  I  believe  that 
I  myself  have  in  some  measure  contributed.  In 
the  first  portion  of  my  "Treatise  on  the  Steam- 
Engine,"  published  in  1S44,  I  intimated  the  con- 
viction that  the  steam  engine  would  pass  away; 
and  in  subsequent  editions  of  that  work,  and 
also  in  other  works,  I  have  pointed  out  the  rad- 
ical defects  of  the  Bteam  engine  as  a  thermo- 
dynamic motor,  and  have  indicated  the  direc- 
tion in  which  improvement  must  flow  to  obtain 
results  of  practical  value.  The  great  impulse, 
however,  to  the  present  movement  for  the  su- 

Eercession  of  the  steam  engine  has  been  given 
y  the  discoveries  of  Mr.  Joule,  who,  by  a  num- 
ber of  admirably-conducted  experiments,  has 
established  the  doctrine  that  a  definite  quantity 
of  heat  is  the  proper  equivalent  of  a  definite 
quantity  of  mechanical  power;  and  as  in  the 
beat  engines  it  was  found  that  not  more  than 
one-tenth  of  the  power  due  to  the  heat  was  ob- 
tained, the  inference  was  inevitable  that  the 
steam  engine  was  a  most  wasteful  machine,  and 
ought  to  be  superseded  by  some  engine  wherein 
the  sources  of  loss  did  not  exist." — Scientific 
News. 


Grinding  and  Polishing  Metal  Surfaces 
by  Hand. 

There  is  no  job  the  worker  in  metal  is  called 
on  to  do  that  requires  the  exercise  of  his  brain 
and  muscle  in  the  proper  direction  than  the 
grinding  and  polishing  of  metal  surfaces  on  that 
class  of  work  where  machinery  cannot  aid  him. 
The  more  he  exercises  his  brain  the  more  sav- 
ing he  will  be  of  both  his  time  and  muscle. 
The  practice  generally  employed  by  machinists 
in  grinding  and  polishing  either  new  or  old 
work,  was  to  mix  the  polishing  material  with 
oil,  usually  refuse  machinery  oil;  in  most  cases 
this  is  a  great  mistake,  and  has  caused  the  loss 
of  time,  patience  and  money.  Take  for  instance 
the  grinding  to  a  true  bearing  of  a  stop-cock,  a 
valve,  seat,  or  a  slide-valve. 

There  are  a  few  machinists  but  what  have 
had  more  or  less  of  that  class  of  work  to  do, 
particularly  in  jobbing  shops,  and  we  seldom 
find  one  who  uses  the  same  method  of  accom- 
plishing the  job  that  is  practiced  in  shops  where 
that  class  of  work  is  made  a  specialty.  In  fit- 
ting and  grinding  in  the  plug  into  the  barrel  of 
a  cock  a  little  judgment  and  care  will  save  a 
great  deal  of  hard  labor,  and  in  no  case  should 
oil  be  mixed  with  any  of  the  grinding  material, 
for  the  following  reasons:  If  fine  emery,  ground 
glass  or  sand  are  used  with  oil,  it  requires  but 
a  few  turns  of  the  plug  in  the  barrel  to  break 
up  the  grains  of  the  grinding  material  into  very 
fine  particles;  the  metal  surfaces  also  grind  off; 
the  fine  particles  of  metal  mixing  in  with  the 
grinding  material  and  oil,  making  a  thick  paste 
of  the  mass.  At  this  stage  it  is  impossible  to 
grind  or  bring  the  metal  surfaces  to  a  bearing, 
as  the  gluey  paste  keeps  the  metal  apart;  if 
more  grinding  stuff  is  applied  it  will  prevent 
the  operator  from  seeing  what  part  of  the  bar- 
rel and  plug  bears  the  hardest.  Again,  if  the 
grinding  material  be  distributed  over  the  whole 
surface,  the  parts  that  do  not  bear  will  grind 
off  as  fast  as  the  parts  that  touch  hard,  as  the 
particles  work    freely  between    the    surfaces; 


should  the  barrel  and  plug  bear  equal  all  over, 
when  fitted,  it  requires  more  care  than  if  it 
were  a  top  or  bottom  bearing,  as  that  part  of 
the    barrel   and   plug   across   the    "waterway" 

grinds  twice  as  fast  as  the  other  parts;  there- 
fore it  should  be  kept  the  driest.  Now  this 
objection  holds  good  in  the  grinding  of  valve 
seats  or  Blide  valves,  to  wit:  the  separation  of 
the  surfaces  of  the  metal  by  a  thick,  pasty 
grinding  material.  In  order  to  bring  the  sur. 
faces  to  a  perfect  bearing  rapidly  and  with 
little  labor,  the  following  directions  will  be 
found  worth  a  trial  : 

To  griud  a  stop-cock  of  any  kind  first  see  that 
the  plug  tits  the  barrel,  before  it  is  taken  from 
the  lathe.  Run  a  half-round  smooth  file  up 
and  down  the  barrel  to  break  any  rings  that 
may  be  in  it;  a  few  rubs  of  a  smooth  file  back 
and  forth  over  the  plug  will  break  any  rings  or 
tool  marks  on  it.  Wipe  both  parts  clean.  Use 
for  grinding  material  fine  molder'a  sand  sifted 
through  a  fine  sieve.  Mix  with  water  in  a  cup, 
and  apply  a  small  quantity  to  the  parts  that 
bear  the  hardest.  Turn  rapidly,  pressing 
gently  every  few  turns;  if  the  work  is  large  and 
the  lathe  is  used,  run  slow;  press  and  pull  back 
rapidly  to  prevent  sticking  and  ringing;  apply 
grinding  sand  and  water  until  a  bearing  shows 
on  auother  part;  then  use  no  more  new  sand, 
but  spread  the  old  that  has  worked  out  over  the 
whole  surface.  Turn  rapidly,  pressing  gently 
while  turning;  withdraw  the  plug  and  wipe  part 
of  the  dirt  off  and  rub  on  the  place  a  little 
brown  soap;  moisten  with  water  and  press  the 
surfaces  together  with  all  the  force  at  hand, 
turning  at  the  same  time.  Remove  the  plug 
and  wipe  both  parts  clean;  next  try  the  condi- 
tion of  the  bearing  by  pressing  the  dry  surfaces 
together  with  great  force.  If  the  parts  have 
been  kept  together  closely  while  grinding,  and 
the  plug  has  not  rubbed  against  the  lower  part 
of  the  barrel,  the  surfaces  will  be  found  bright 
all  over,  and  a  perfect  bearing  obtained.  If  an 
iron  barrel  and  brass  plug  are  used,  or  two 
kinds  of  brass,  a  hard  and  soft  metal,  soap 
should  be  used  freely  when  finishing  up,  as  the 
tendency  to  form  rings  is  greater  when  two  dif- 
ferent metals  are  used. 

In  grinding  a  slide-valve  which  has  been  in 
use  until  hollow  places  have  worn  in  the  sur- 
face, emery  mixed  with  water,  or  sand  and  wa- 
ter, will  be  found  better  than  oil,  unless  a  light 
body,  such  as  kerosene,  is  used.  If  water  is 
used  with  the  grinding  material  soap  should  be 
rubbed  on  the  hollow  places,  and  the  grinding 
stuff  should  be  applied  to  the  high  parts  in 
small  quantities,  keeping  the  low  parts  clean 
and  dry  until  an  even  surface  is  obtained  all 
over;  then  the  worn-out  stuff  should  be  used  for 
finishing  up.  In  polishing  metal,  oil  that  will 
"gum  up"  should  not  be  used  with  the  polish- 
ing material,  unless  for  a  dead  fine  polish. 
In  polishing  old  brass  work  which  has  been 
scratched  and  tarnished  by  wear,  pumice-stone 
or  bath  brick  should  be  used  with  soap  and  wa- 
ter for  scouring  off  with,  and  rotten  stone  with 
kerosene  for  the  wet  finish,  and  dry  for  the 
final  polish.  The  same  method  should  be  used 
for  new  brass  work. 

New  work  should  require,  when  leaving  the 
lathe  and  vise  tools,  but  little  polishing  or 
grinding,  and  every  good  workman  should  try 
to  avoid  using  an  emery  stick  or  emery  cloth, 
for  with  proper  care  in  the  use  of  tools  a  great 
deal  of  grinding  and  polishing  can  be  dispensed 
with. — American  Machinist. 


Paper  bricks  are  the  latest  novelty.  A  manu- 
factory of  such  bricks  has  recently  been  establish- 
ed in  Wisconsin.  Thebricksare  said  to  be  exceed- 
ingly durable  and  moisture-proof.  They  are 
also  larger  than  the  clay  article.  Paper  is  now 
also  used  for  making  barrels.  Straw  pulp  iB 
run  into  a  mold  made  in  the  shape  of  a  half- 
barrel,  cut  vertically.  The  ends  are  of  paper, 
but  are  protected  by  wood.  The  barrels  are 
lighter  and  two-thirds  cheaper  than  those  of 
wood,  and  flour  will  not  sift  out  of  them  while 
in  transit.  The  staves  are  three-eighths  of  an 
inch  thick. 


Bessemer  Steel  Anchors. — It  is  stated  that 
the  British  Admiralty  have  decided  to  adopt 
the  use  of  anchors  made  of  Bessemer  steel, 
which  can  be  had  at  less  than  one-half  of  the 
price  paid  for  the  costly  "best"  iron  hitherto 
used;  but  it  yet  remains  to  be  seen  how  far  the 
quality  will  be  the  same.  This  extension  of  the 
area  in  which  Bessemer  steel  is  now  used  is  likely 
to  be  of  great  value  to  the  steelmakers,  if  the 
experiment  prove  successful,  and  to  have  im- 
portant effects  on  the  chain  and  anchor  trades. 


Mechanical  Giants.— We  recently  made 
some  notice  of  the  construction  of  an  80-ton 
gun.  The  success  attendant  upon  that 
enormous  piece  of  ordnance,  has  encouraged  the 
attempt  to  produce  a  160-ton  gun.  As  a  neces- 
sity for  such  construction  a  lathe  of  enormous 
dimensions  is  now  being  built  at  the  Woolwich 
arsenal.  Another  of  the  coming  mechanical 
giants  is  a  1,000-ton  revolving  crane.  There 
appears  to  be  no  limit,  but  cost,  to  the  magni- 
tude of  mechanical  constructions. 


Metallic  Packings. — J.  Strieder,  of  Elber- 
feld,  uses  tubes  of  lead  or  some  soft  metallic 
alloy,  filled  with  hemp,  cotton  or  some  other 
suitable  vegetable  material.  These  tubes  can 
be  prepared  of  great  length  and  cut  to  fit  any 
given  requirement.  The  ends  may  be  either 
soldered  together  or  forced  into  close  contact. 
The  convenience,  durability  and  cheapness  of 
this  packing  are  especial  recommendations. — 
Dingter's  Pol.  Jour. 


i  CIENTIFIC       sP  ROGRESS. 


Motion  by  Permanent  Magnets. 

When  a  large,  very  thin  iron  disk  is  placed 
horizontally,  and  made  very  easily  movable 
upon  a  vertical  axis  passing  through  its  center, 
it  can  be  made  to  revolve  by  placing  the  oppo- 
site poles  of  magnets  near  its  circumference,  or 
by  embracing  it  between  the  poles  of  a  horse- 
shoe magnet.  All  that  is  required  is  to  heat 
the  disk  by  a  spirit-lamp  at  a  point  just  beyond 
one  of  the  poles;  the  rise  of  temperature  will 
then  diminish  the  attractive  force  of  the  magnet 
at  this  part  of  the  disk,  and  this  part  conse- 
quently will  turn  from  the  magnet,  its  dimin- 
ished attraction  being  overcome  by  the  stronger 
attraction  of  the  magnet  on  the  cooler  portion 
of  the  disk.  When  the  diagonally  opposite  part 
is  heated  at  the  same  time  and  in  the  same  way, 
the  motion  is  more  rapid.  It  is  evident  that 
this  motion  can  only  be  slow,  as  the  varying 
parts  of  the  disk  can  only  be  slowly  warmed 
and  cooled.  This  alternate  warming  and  cool- 
ing could  be  promoted  by  placing  pieces  of  ice 
under  the  disk,  between  the  lamps  and  the  pole 
toward  which  the  disk  is  moving,  the  ice  ex- 
tending to  the  next  pole,  so  as  to  keep  the  part 
to  be  attracted  as  cool  as  possible. 

It  will  be  seen  that  this  motion  is  based  on 
the  principle  that  magnetic  attraction  is  in- 
fluenced by  temperature,  in  such  a  way  that  it 
decreases  by  heat  and  increases  by  cold.  It  is 
well  known  that  iron  at  about  1,000°  entirely 
loses  its  property  of  being  attracted  by  a  mag- 
net. Nickle  loses  it  at  450°,  and  manganese  at 
the  common  temperature,  so  that  if  cooled  ar- 
tificially it  will  be  attracted.  It  is,  therefore, 
likely  that  a  plate  of  nickle  would  be  better 
than  one  of  iron,  as  it  does  not  take  as  much 
heat  to  diminish  its  magnetism  as  it  does  that 
of  iron.  If,  however,  this  advantage  would 
not  be  counterbalanced  by  the  fact  that  iron 
is  attracted  with  more  force  than  nickle,  it  is 
a  question  to  be  settled  by  experiment. 

Ocean  Currents. — Prof.  Zoppritz,  of  Gies- 
sen,  has  investigated  mathematically  the  ques- 
tion whether  ocean  currents  are  produced  by 
the  winds.  One  of  the  main  objections  urged 
against  the  theory  that  ocean  currents  are  due 
to  the  impulse  of  the  winds  is  that  the  winds 
can,  it  is  alleged,  produce  only  a  surface  drift, 
whereas  many  of  the  currents  extend  to  great 
depths.  Mr.  James  Croll,  a  high  authority  on 
this  and  kindred  subjects,  has  always  main- 
tained that  this  objection  is  erroneous  ;  that  if 
the  surface  of  the  ocean  be  impelled  forward 
with  a  constant  velocity  by  the  wind  or  by  any 
other  cause  whatever,  the  layer  immediately 
below  will  be  dragged  along  with  a  constant 
velocity  somewhat  less.  The  layer  underneath 
this  second  layer  will  in  turn  be  also  dragged 
along  with  a  velocity  less  than  the  one  above  it. 
The  same  will  take  place  in  regard  to  each  suc- 
cessive layer,  the  velocity  <gf  each  being  some- 
what less  than  the  one  immediately  above  it,- 
and  greater  than  the  one  below  it.  In  this 
manner  the  surface  velocity  may  be  transmitted 
downward  to  any  depth.  This  conclusion  has 
now  been  demonstrated  by  Prof.  Zoppritz  to  be 
correct.  The  Burface  velocity  is  propagated 
downward,  however,  with  extreme  slowness. 
Thus  it  is  found  that  for  a  mean  depth  of  4,000 
meters  it  would  require  100,000  years  for  the 
trade-winds  to  produce  the  existing  equatorial 
currents. 

Electro-Chemical  Action  Under  Pressure. 
From  a  long  series  of  experiments  on  electro- 
chemical action  under  pressure,  varying  from 
100,  200  to  300  atmospheres  and  upward,  M. 
Bouvet  arrives  at  the  following  among  other 
facts  :  The  decomposition  of  water  by  a  current 
is  independent  of  pressure.  The  quantity  of 
electricity  necessary  to  decompose  a  given 
weight  of  water  is  sensibly  the  same,  whatever 
the  pressure.  Oxygen  and  hydrogen,  whatever 
the  pressure,  are  liberated  with  equal  facility. 
Whether  they  are  produced  in  one  test  tube  or 
in  two,  there  are  no  secondary  phenomena  caus- 
ing decomposition,  even  partial,  as  has  been 
believed  hitherto.  When  united  in  one  test 
tube,  even  at  a  considerable  pressure,  and 
though  forming  a  detonant  mixture,  they  do 
not  offer  any  danger  in  handling. 

Hermann  Herwig  has  extended  his  observa- 
tions with  a  view  of  obtaining  a  nearer  approxi- 
mation to  molecular  distances  in  fluids.  He 
concludes  that  no  two  molecular  layers  in  water 
can  be  more  than  1.86  of  a  millionth  of  a  milli- 
meter apart,  and  that  the  same  is  true  with  re- 
gard to  the  mean  distances  of  adjacent  molecu- 
lar centers.  Sir  William  Thompson  had  pre- 
viously estimated  the  least  value  of  the  same 
distances  at  .05  millionths  of  a  millimeter.  The 
differences  are  thus  as  one  to  37,  which  is  pro- 
bably  as  near  as  either  of  the  figures  to  truth. 

Darkness  of  Caverns. — The  fact  that  the 
light  of  torches  does  not  diffuse  itself  in  a  cavern 
is  ascribed  to  the  presence  of  a  moldiness 
which  covers  their  roofs  and  sides,  and  absorbs 
all  those  floating  particles  of  dust  which  would 
otherwise  act  as  reflectors. — Les  Mondes. 


Chemical  Constitution  of  Wool.  — P. 
Schutzenberger  has  published  analyses  of  vari- 
ous samples  of  wool,  from  which  he  deduces  the 
chemical  formula  C230  H38I  N70  O77  S6. — Comp- 
tes  Rendus. 


American  Dinosaurs. — On  the  flanks  of  the 
Rocky  mountains  a  narrow  belt  can  be  traced 
for  several  hundred  miles,  which  is  always 
marked  by  the  bones  of  gigantic  dinosaurs. 
The  strata  consist  mainly  of  estuary  deposits  of 
shale  and  sandstone,  and  the  horizon  is  clearly 
upper  Jurassic  ;  the  dinosaurian  remains  in  this 
series  of  strata  are  mostly  of  enormous  size,  and 
indicate  the  largest  land  animals  hitherto  known. 
One  new  species  (AUonUosaurtu  immanw)  must 
have  been  at  least  SO  feet  in  length,  and  several 
others  nearly  equaled  it  in  bulk.  With  these 
monsters  occur  the  most  diminutive  dinosaurs 
yet  found,  one  [Nanosaurns)  not  being  larger 
than  a  cat.  Some  of  these  new  forms  differ  so 
widely  from  typical  dinosauria  that  Prof.  Marsh 
has  established  a  new  sub-order  to  receive  them, 
called  Sauropida,  from  the  general  character  of 
the  feet.  They  are  the  least  specialized  formB 
of  the  order,  and  in  some  of  their  characters 
bIiow  Buch  an  approach  to  the  mesozoic  croco- 
diles as  to  suggest  a  common  ancestry  at  no 
very  remote  period.  In  them  the  front  and 
hind  limbs  are  nearly  equal  in  size;  the  feet  are 
plantigrade,  with  five  toes  on  each  foot.  The 
carpal  and  tarsal  bones  are  distinct;  the  precau- 
dal  vertebra?  contain  large,  apparently  pneu- 
matic cavities  ;  the  sacral  vertebne  do  not  ex- 
ceed four,  and  each  supports  its  own  transverse 
process.  The  pubic  bones  unite  in  front  by  a 
ventral  symphysis  ;  the  limb  bones  are  solid. 
One  of  the  species  described  and  partly  figured 
in  Prof.  Marsh's  paper,  in  the  American  Journal 
of  Science  and  Arts,  for  November,  is  called 
Morosaurtts  grandis;  when  alive  it  was  about 
40  feet  in  length;  it  walked  on  all  four  legs,  was 
probably  very  sluggish  in  its  movements,  and 
had  a  brain  proportionately  Bmaller  than  any 
known  vertebrate. 


Electric  Induction. — At  a  late  meeting  of 
the  Royal  Institution,  Mr.  J.  E.  H.  Gordon,  of 
the  British  Association,  delivered  a  lecture  on 
"Electric  Induction,"  in  whicjl  he  remarked: 
As  induction  is  not  something  merely  passing 
through  insulators,  but  has  its  Beat  in  their 
particles,  we  might  expect  that  different  bodies 
would  have  different  capacities  for  transmitting 
it,  or,  as  it  was  called,  would  have  different 
specific  inductive  capacities.  Faraday  was  the 
first  man  who  proved  that  this  was  the  case, 
and  who  succeeded  in  measuring  the  ratios 
which  the  specific  inductive  capacities  of  various 
substances  have  to  that  of  air,  which  is  taken 
as  unity.  Having  exhibited  Faraday's  appar- 
atus, the  lecturer  pointed  out  the  importance  of 
accurate  measurements,  for  it  was  only  by  a 
comparison  of  the  electrical  properties  of  bodies 
with  their  other  physical  properties  that  we 
could  ever  hope  to  arrive  at  the  true  theory  of 
electricity.  Mr.  Gordon  then  stated  that  under 
Prof  Clark  Maxwell's  advice,  he  had  for  three 
years  been  engaged  on  measurements  of  the 
specific  inductive  capacities  of  various  sub- 
stances. His  new  apparatus  was  exhibited  in 
action  on  the  table,  and  the  specific  inductive 
capacity  of  glass  was  determined  before  the 
audience.  One  important  feature  of  the  method 
was  that,  in  order  to  avoid  any  permanent 
charging  of  the  glass,  the  electrification  was 
reversed  12,000  times  per  second.  This  was 
the  first  time  that  the  new  apparatus  had  been 
exhibited  in  London.  As  Borne  parts  of  the 
machines  were  very  minute,  photographs  of 
them  were  thrown  on  the  screen  by  the  electric 
light.  A  table  of  the  results  obtained  was 
exhibited. 


Minute  Causes  which  Affect  Explosions. 
A  curious  instance  of  the  minute  causes  which 
sometimes  affect  explosions  was  given  recently 
by  St.  Claire  DeviUe,  as  observed  by  Prof. 
Abel.  About  .2  grain  of  chloride  of  nitrogen  is 
placed  in  a  watch  glass  and  exploded  with  a 
piece  of  phosphorus;  the  noise  is  tremendous, 
but  the  explosion  has  little  or  no  shattering 
effect.  Now  repeat  the  same  experiment,  after 
having  breathed  on  the  chloride  so  as  to  deposit 
a  thin  envelope  of  moiBture  (which  cannot  be 
more  than  a  thousandth  of  a  millimeter  thick). 
In  this  case  the  explosion  is  less  noisy,  but  the 
effects  are  quite  different.  Not  only  is  the  glass 
pulverized,  but  the  table  supporting  it  is  per- 
forated. 


Nitrous  Oxide  Under  Pressure. — P.  Bert 
finds  that  by  placing  a  patient  in  an  apparatus 
where  the  pressure  can  be  increased  to  two 
atmospheres,  nitrous  oxide  can  be  administered 
so  as  to  produce  continued  anaesthesia,  while  the 
blood  receives  itB  normal  supply  of  oxygen  and 
the  normal  conditions  of  respiration  are  main- 
tained. From  various  experiments  on  animals, 
he  thinks  that  gas  administered  in  this  way  will 
be  harmless,  however  much  the  insensibility 
may  be  prolonged. — Comptes  Rendus. 


Experiments  with  Aneroid  Barometers. — 
The  Giffard  captive  balloon,  at  Paris,  was 
made  to  subserve  some  most  interesting  and 
useful  scientific  purposes  during  the  French 
exposition.  Among  other  things,  it  showed 
that  all  or  nearly  all  the  aneroid  barometers, 
after  registering  the  ascent,  failed  to  record  the 
difference  in  altitude  until  some  time  after  they 
had  been  returned  to  the  earth. 


A  New  Variety  of  Coal. — The  owners  of 
the  Dovenbury  colliery,  near  Dearham,  in  the 
north  of  England,  report  the  discovery  of  what 
appears  to  be  a  new  variety  of  coal.  It  can  be 
easily  lighted  with  a  candle,  and  burns  with 
amazing  rapidity  and  clearness,  leaving  behind 
scarcely*  any  ash.  They  were  offered  a  very 
high  price  for  this  coal  for  gas  making. 


148 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[March  8,   1879. 


Table  of  Highest  and  Lowest  Sales  in 
S.  F.  Stock  Exchange.  • 


Name  of 
Company. 

Week 
Ending 

Feb.  13. 

Week 
EndlnK 
Feb.  20. 

Week 
Ending 

Feb.  27. 

Week 
Ending 
Mar.  6. 

Alnha 

21       19 
8i       78 

SOc     50c 

70c      55c 

14       1 

84        6i 
50c     45c 
26       24 

9         Si 
SOc     50c 
20c    .... 

f  3 

IS       16 

65c     60c 
45c     25c 
45c      40c 
3i       3 
8         7J 

49j     48 

'23'  'iii 

1.35    1.20 
8         71 
6}       5j 

50c    .... 
15c     10c 

40c     30c 
30}     293 
7{       6J 
25c     10c 

6  4.60 
5c    .... 

5i    .... 
45c     25c 
15}      144 
21}      18} 

2}       21 
1.40       l! 

15c      10c 

1.80       1} 

44       4} 

5j       4 

7  6J 

8  61 
25c     10c 

2     i.20 

2)   1.80 

90c     85c 
75c      50o 
8O0     50c 

21       15J 
7!       7 
60c     65c 

65c     60c 

81     "7J 
55c     50c 
251      24 

a\      74 

70c     55c 
30c    .... 
74       2, 
53       5 
18       164 

1.05     65c 
1.40     80c 

46c     55c 

3.10    2.90 

71       78 

3.95       3 

494      48 

'i7J   'isi 

1.35    1.05 
7!      7! 
64       6 

21       184 
61       5| 
60c     50c 

11       1 

7$       61 
50c     40c 
24       24} 

75       68 
75c      50c 
30c     .... 

5     4.40 
20       18 

1.40     85o 
60c     40c 
50c     40c 
2}    2.55 
7}       5} 
3.70       3 
49       46 

164    'ii' 

1.30    1.15 

9  if 

10c    .... 

20       171 

5;       6 

50c     45c 

Atlantic 

"ei  "e' 

50c     45c 

20       171 
6i      A 

85c      50c 

35c     30c 

7         6 

44    3.90 
19J      17} 

2      1.40 
85c     50c 

1       40c 

3;       2 

64       5! 
3         24 
46       39j 

'iii    'i2i 

1.15       1 

SU3 

45c      25c 
25c     15c 

Comanche 

10c    .... 

35c     SOc 
30       29i 
7         6 
20       15 

5i       5 
5c    .... 

13         54 
50c      45c 
14]      13J 
188      17 
2}        2 
li        1 

15c     10c 

2     1.80 

4.20    3.90 

rl     ? 

6i       51 
20c      15c 

1.90       U 

1.90    1.60 

1       90c 

65c     55c 
80c      75c 

10c    .... 

30c    .... 
29       27J 
7J       Si 
15c       5c 

5     4.60 

30c       5c 

10         9 
50c    .... 
13i      llf 
174      153 
2.65    2.40 
SOc      60c 

30c     25c 
1.80       lj 

If       4 
7i       7 

5J       4j 
25c    .... 

1.95       13 
1.70       lj 
85c     50c 
65c     50c 
1       60c 

10c       So 
2.90       2! 

e      s! 

75c     60c 
474      394 

'iij  'io' 

65c     45c 
10        8 

20c     15c 

431     40 
20c     15c 
10|       9J 

50c     40c 
6i       5 

13;      13 
27      .... 
57       47i 
2J       2 
10         9} 
IOo    .... 
60c     45c 
3i    2.30 
1.70       14 
60c     55c 
30c    .... 

75c      70c 
50c    ... 

IJ       1} 
1       90c 
30c     26c 
90       67 
20       16! 

2.05    1.3c 
15c    ... 
25c    ... 

[22*     20 

30c     25o 

29       274 

54    4.80 
10c       5c 

4.80       44 
30o     25c 

Golden  Terra 

10         9 

SOc     45c 

Hale  &  Norcrosa — 

114       9) 
816J      141 
2.60       2} 

Highbridge 

75o     55c 
20c    .... 

1.60    1.35 
5!    4.60 
4i       4 

75       7 

5i       44 

Lady  Bryan 

1.65       1 

1       70c 

3i       3 
6J      -5* 
60c    .... 

40i      37i 

3        21 
5      .... 
85c     40c 

40|     384 

'iij  "9' 

85c     60c 
10         9 

25c     20c 

42       39J 
5c    .... 
12       11 

30c     25c 

64       6J 
65o    .... 

15!      14 
25       24 
49       464 
2.70    2.40 
9J       9i 

"i'     '65c 
2.65    2.15 
1.60    1.40 
60c      55c 
30c    .... 

75o    .... 

1.70    1.40 
li      90c 
35c     25c 
68       61 
18       16 

1.40    1.20 
20c     15c 

22J      204 

24       14 
7         6 

1}    .... 
3      .... 
12}      104 

North  Con  Virginia. 

3         24 

114       A 

1.10     85c 

84       7i 

20c    .... 

42       34J 
50c     40c 
12       Hi 

35c     25c 

8         6 
60c    .... 

17       15$ 
24i      23 
49       404 
2.90       2J 
19      .... 

Northern  Belle 

94       9 

12!      10! 

2     .... 
45c     25c 

6         5 

Raymond  &  Ely 

Rock  Island 

Rye  Patch 

134      111 
'48!    '45' 

Sierra  Nevada 

ij     i 

2}    1.95 
1}    1.60 
70c     65c 
25c    .... 

95o      75o 
60c    .... 

1.78       IJ 
1.45       1 
46c      35c 
62       61 
194      17J 

1.30     85c 
20c     15c 
30c    .... 

275     2ij 

14       1 
65c     40c 
30o    .... 

60c    .... 

Solid  Silver 

li    1.40 
90c     70c 
50c      25c 
78       68 
17       134 

1.55    1.20 
20c      15c 

U      i? 

Sales  at  S.  F.  Stock  Exchange. 


■Friday  A.  M„ 

280  Andes 


Feb.  88, 

.50c 


125  Alpha 19ii!ozi 

505  Best&  Belcher.  .191@19i 

650  Bullion 

240  Belcher 

685  Benton 44@4 

970  California 6J@5S 

315  Crown  Point 

1020  Con  Imperial..  1.15@1 

880  Caledonia 2JW2 

150  Con  Dorado : 

30  Confidence I4@' 

200  Challenge 3@2 

15  Chollar 46@45£ 

735  Dardanelles 3.10(*3i 

555  Exchequer 5i@5j 

1230  Flowery 30i*40c 

545  Gould  &  Curry Hi 

225  Hale&Nor 15i@lC 

365  Justice 4.40@4> 

740  Julia 5J@5; 

135  Ken  tuck 4i 

525  Lady  Bryan...  .1.60@1. 65 

50  Lady  Wash 11(21.45 

475  Leviathan 50i*45e 

350  MIdes lj 

585  Mexican 43(9  i i .-. 

250  Mackey .iv>."3  05 

185  North  Con  Vir...l2t@13i 

235  N  Bonanza 1.80 

200  N  Sierra  Nevada 5c 

200  New  York 50c 

90  Overman 12<*12i 

175  Ophir 40i@39; 

150  Phil  Sheridan 45l 

200  Plutus 1.40 

170  Sierra  Nevada. .  .481(5  48; 

150  Savage 131@I3i 

100  SPotosi 1 

1085  Silver  Hill 1.95^2 

500  Senator 20< 

1250  Solid  Silver 60trt65c 

650  Succor 40@50c 

100  Scorpion 1.4O01J 

300  Santiago 2; 


150  Trojan 25c 

120  Utah 17 

200  Union  Con 78«?77J 

450  Wells-Fargo 15c 

1365  Ward 1.45@1.55 

450  Yellow  Jacket..... 18l@19 

AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

1920  Argenta 1.15@1J 

100  Albion 40c 

575  Bechtel 70@50c 

535  Bodie 6@63 

200  Belvidere 85@75c 

205  Bulwer 19* 

2455  Black  Hawk 2W1.80 

200  Belle  Isle 30c 

300  Booker 40c 

450  Concordia 15c 

870  CPacific 2i(32 

150  Caledonia  (B  H) ..21 

1050  Chieftain . 15c 

700  Dudley 70c 

50  Day 30c 

35  Eureka  Con. 29 

1825  Esmeralda 1@1  20 

525  Goodshaw 50@60c 

110  Grand  Prize.. .4.70(«4  80 

200  Golden  Terra 9@9J 

100  Giant  &O  A 75* 

300  Hamburg 50@40c 

135  Hussey 20c 

160  Hillside 2J@21 

1000  Highbridge 60c 

475  Independence  ...1.60@li 

125  Jackson 7j 

125  Leopard 70c 

500  Leeds 1 

970  McClinton 75@fl0c 

100  Minnietta  BeUe 30c 

760  Mono 3@3.20 

150  Manhattan 2i(d>2\ 

490  Northern  Belle .'  .9 

2375  Navajo 15c 

100  Oriental 15c 

875  Paradise 2@1.95 

100  Phenix * 2 

480  Raymonds  Ely 5 

500  Red  Cloud . 2& 


150  Richer 1 

100  Real  del  Monte 3 

20  Star. 60c 

300  SBodie 30c 

410  Summit 

1920  S  Bulwer. 90c@l 

100  Tiptop 90c 

2000  Tuscarora 5c 

775  Tioga  Con IJ 

150  University 1 

Saturday  A.N.,  Mar.  1. 

140  Alpha 18 

370  Alta, "' 

50  Andes 

50  Albion 40c 

1710  Argenta 1.40@1.3S 

550  Best  &  Belcher... 2U@19f 

300  Belcher 6j 

5020  Bullion 5@4 

725  Booker l@80c 

280  Bodie 6S<*7 

980  Benton 4J@4 

220  Bulwer 19@19J 

50  Belvidere 85c 

200  Bechtel 70(8$5c 

1575  Black  Hawk . . .  1 . 4(X»1 .  60 

100  Concordia 20c 

3750  Con  Esmeralda 1@1} 

275  Con  Virginia 5£@5; 

665  California 6i@l 

310  Confidence 13 

85  Chollar 45@45J 

430  Crown  Point 4.55@4J 

790  Con  Imperial.  .1.0501. 10 

365  Challenge 2.55@24 

1170  Caledonia 2j 

310.  CPacific 2.10@2 

100  Chieftain 15c 

50  Dayton 50c 

525  Dardanelles 2""" 

100  DeFrees 5c 

100  Dudley 90c 

1700  Exchequer 4.9005 

780  Endowment 10c 

200  Flowery 85c 

480  Gould  &  Curry. . .  .115011 

55  Grand  Prize 4.60 

500  Goodshaw 60c 

130  H  &  Norcrosa 16J016 

2u0  Highbridge 55c 

40  Hillside 2.30 

250  Independence. 1.6T 

295  Justice 4.30@4, 

730  Julia 5J05: 

290  Jackson 71071 

200  Kentuck 4i@5 

415  Leviathan 50045c 

750  L  Bryan 1.60@li 

220  Leopard .85c 

380  Lady  Wash U 

50  Leeds 70c 

1290  Mexican 41040 

200  Mackey 3.6f 

60  Manhattan 2; 

350  Mono 303. li 

300  McClinton 80c 

750  NSierraNev 10c 

500  Navajo 15< 

345  N  Con  Virginia..  112011:. 
220  N  Bonanza 1.85 

60  Northern  Belle 9 

630  Ophir 380384 

490  Overman lli@lli 

100  Oriental 5c 

100  Phil  Sheridan 40c 

345  Paradise 

300  Raymond  &E....    . 

370  Real  del  Monte 3 

175  Red  Cloud U 

280  Savage 131013, 

400  Succor 45040c 

530  Sierra  Nevada 47045 

330  Silver  Hill 2.1002.15 

400  Solid  Silver ,._60c 

320  Scorpion, 1 

200  SPotosi 202.05 

230  S  Bulwer _ 

300  South  Bodie 30c 

480  Summit 2.9003 

700  Trojan 26c 

100  Tiptop 85c 

175  Tioga 1.70011* 

505  Union  Con 75071 

140  Utah 15J016 

600  University 1 

1720  Ward 1.4501.35 

100  Wells-Fargo 15c 

530  Yellow  Jacket... 174017? 
Honda >  A.  .11.,  Mar.  3. 
530  Alta. 54 

10  Alpha. 1H 

150  Andes 4»50c 

500  Best  &  Belcher T.  .20 

690  Belcher 6i' 

4445  Bullion 5)}05 

165  Benton 4@3.9f 

30  Chollar 45044. 

860  California 1 

610  Con  Virginia 6@6i 

285  Crown  Point 5405J 

1950  Con  Imperial 1.05 

850  C  Dorado 5010c 

275  Challenge 2.8O02J 

100  Caledonia M 

190  Confidence 14014J 

715  Dardanelles 2.20021 

1465  Exchequer 51058 

400  Flowery 75085c 

200  Geo  Douglas 50c 

515  Gould  &  Curry. .  .1180111 

450  Hale  &  Nor 16015J 

220  Justice 4i 

620  Julia ." 5©5j 

170  Kentuck 5jj 

1400  Lady  Bryan 101* 

295  Leviathan 50c 

760  Mexican 404040 

300  Mackey 3.60 

365  North  Con  Vir. . .  .11010] 

1530  N  Bonanza 1.80011 

435  New  York. 40030c 

400  Ophir 380374 

150  Overman 110UJ 

685  Phil  Sheridan 40035c 

1100  Solid  Silver 5505O( 

815  Savage 133013J 

430  Sierra  Nevada. ....  460451 
1150  Silver  Hill 2102.10 

100  SPotosi 2.05 

400  Succor 40c 

100  StLouis 40c 

100  Senator 20c 

125  Utah 1540151 

495  Union  Con 724071 

200  Wells-Fargo 15c 

700  Ward 1.3501} 

420  Yellow  Jacket..  ..18018! 

AFTERNOON  8ES8ION. 

800  Argenta 1.3001.15 

100  Belmont 50c 

850  Belle  Isle 30c 

110  Bodie 6J07 

950  Bechtel 60085c 

11U0  Booker 90080c 

700  Belvidere 60050c 

100  Bulwer. 19 

1800  Black  Hawk 1J02 

650  Champion 40033c 

IOO  Concordia 25c 

1100  Caledonia  (EH) 24 

880  Con  Pacific 2 

100  Day 25c 

100  Dudley 90c 

350  DeFrees 5c 

150  Endowment 10c 

1200  Esmeralda 

260  Grand  Prize 4404.60 

425  Gila 30025c 

1085  Goodshaw 

260  Giant&O  A 54 

100  Golden  Terra 10 

100  Hamburg 25c 

600  Highbridge 60055c 

240  Independence..  ,.14@1. 40 

115  Jackson 7407 

700  Leopard 80085c 

50  Minnietta  Bell 30c 

1010  Manhattan 2102 

400  Mono 2403.40 

1250  McClinton 75085c 

310  Martin  White 6 


310  Northern  Belle 9 

650  Navajo l5c 

600  Paradise 1.9001.95 

100  Real  del  Monte 2 

105  Standard 18020 

100  Star 60c 

350  SBodie 30c 

1400  S  Bulwer 75©85c 

750  Summit 2.15021 

100  Silver  King 84 

300  Tioga  Con 1.55014 

Tuesday  A.  11..  Mar.  4. 

825  Alta 5405 

70  Alpha 1730174 

130  Andes .45050c 

320  Best* Belcher... 1840183 

1930  Belcher 61064 

1350  Bullion 54051 

445  Benton 3.90 

650  California 53©5f 

230  Caledonia 2 .  55(S2 .  60 

720  Con  Virginia 5J053 

1970  Con  Imperial 1.0501 

125  Chollar. 40 

730  Crown  Point 4404.40 

295  Confidence 130124 

350  Challenge 2J02.6O 

685  Dardanelles 2.10 

795  Exchequer 4.85 

580  Flowery 75c 

420  Gould  &  Curry. .  .1010104 
855  H&Norcross... .1510153 
350  Justice 404.05 

1080  Julia 4.6504J 

40  Kentuck 4J041 

250  Lady  Bryan.... 1.4001.35 

300  Lady  Wash 1.15 

550  Leviathan 40c 

555  Mexican 3720382 

50  Mackey 3.60 

300  New  York 35040c 

175  North  Con  Vir... .1040102 

410  N  Bonanza 1201.60 

250  Ophir 353 

145  Overman 1O201OJ 

450  Phil  Sheridan 40c 

1100  SPotosi 2.05 

195  Sierra  Nevada. . .  .460464 

360  Savage 32g012i 

400  Silver  Hill 2.1002.05 

500  Succor 30c 

610  Solid  Silver 50040c 

700  Trojan 25<a50c 

140  Utah 14013J 

130  Union  Con 68069 

700  Wells-Fargo 15020c 

950  Ward :  1101.20 

330  YeUow  Jacket.... 7J0172 

AJTBB.NUUN  SESSION. 

160  Adenda 1 

1430  Argenta. 1.2001.15 

675  Booker 70060c 

11O0  Belle  Isle 35e 

90  Bodie 62 

400  Bechtel 60c 

700  Belvidere 60c 

110  Bulwer 1810184 

155  Belmont 45c 

1410  Black  Hawk.. .1.6001.70 

200  Champion 30c 

200  Concordia 25c 

175  CPacific. ....2 

450  Caledonia  (B  H) 24 

100  Chieftain 15c 

200  Dudley 80075c 

315  Eureka  Con 274 

300  Esmeralda 1 

665  Giant  &  O  A 5 

560  Goodshaw. 50c 

370  Grand  Prize 4404.65 

290  Golden  Terra 10094 

560  Highbridge 60©75c 

720  Independence.... 1401. 45 

20  Jackson 74 

290  Leopard 85c 

40  Leeds 75c 

460  Mono 24021 

300  McClinton 90c 

330  Modoc 10c 

270  Manhattan lj 

300  MWhite 7 

100  Northern  BeUe 9i 

900  Navajo 15c 

575  Paradise 1.9001.80 

105  Raymonds  Ely 54 

35  Star 60c 

400  S  Bodie SOc 

515  Summit 2102.40 

8 .0  S  Bulwer 70080c 

340  Tiptop 80075c 

150  Tioga  Con 1.60 

tVed'Mluv  A.  II..  Mar.  5. 

50  Andes 45c 

170  Alpha 1740171 

195  Alta 54 

665  B  &  Belcher. 172018 

1015  Bullion 5*051 

880  Belcher 6j06fi 

535  Benton 404.20 

160  Chollar 4010394 

485  Con  Virginia 5205i 

870  California 5* 

430  Crown  Point..". 4. 9504. 80 

265  Caledonia 2202.65 

980  Con  Imperial 1.0501 

280  Confidence 1340132 

80  ChallenKe 2802.65 

335  Dardanelles 2(a2.05 

150 .Exchequer.  . 4.80 

50  Flowery 85c 

1370  Gould  &  Curry 92094 

1125  Hale  &  Nor. 1440l4§ 

510  Justice 4.2O04.1U 

950  Julia 4.65042 

210  Kentuck 4205 

375  Leviathan 40c 

1195  Lady  Bryan.. ..1.1501. 10 

25  Lady  Wash 1 

265  Mexican 3720381 

100  Mackey 3.65 

110  North  Con  Vir... 110102 
1C0  New  York 35040c 

90  N  Bonanza 12 

365  Overman 11011J 

305  Ophir 35J0354 

50  PhilSheridan 40c 

6t0  Succor 45c 

790  Savage 1120114 

240  SNevada 450454 

1200  Solid  Silver 50c 

795  Silver  Hill 2.1002.05 

75  Scorpion 1101 

100  SPotosi 2.05 

400  Trojan 25c 

70  Utah 134 

290  Union 68@68S 

200"  Woodville 25c 

200  Wells-Fargo 15c 

285  Ward H 

900  YeUow  Jacket...  .171017 

AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

800  Albion. 30025c 

210  Argenta 1.0501 

205  Bulwer 1810171 

415  Bechtel 65055c 

170  Bodie 64(a6g 

350  Belvidere 60c 

540  Black  Hawk 1.60 

250  Belmont 45c 

650  Belle  Isle 35c 

1260  Booker 60055c 

350  Champion 30025c 

140  Caledonia  (B  H) 2.35 

400  CPacific 1 

100  Dudley 75c 

50  Eureka  Con 27J 

1000  Endowment 5c 

180  Grand  Prize  . .  .4.5504.60 
6C0  Goodshaw 45c 

1000  Giant  tOA 5 

845  Highbridge 65075c 

200  Hillside 2402.60 

110  Independence  . .  .1J01.35 

300  Jefferson 2 

210  Leopard 85c 

300  McClinton 80075c 

470  Manhattan 1201" 

100  M  White 706 

350  Mono 202.10 

200  Northern  Belle 94 

710  Navajo 15020c 

1100  Paradise li©1.40 


MINING  SHAKEH0LDERS'  DIRECTORY. 


Compiled  every  Thursday  from  Advertisements  in  Mining  and  Scientific  Press  and  other  S.  F.  Journals. 
ASSESSMENTS-STOCKS  ON  THE  LISTS  OP  THE  BOARDS. 


Company. 

AJta  S  M  Co 
Bechtel  Con  M  Co 
Belcher  S  M  Co 
Belvidere  M  Co 
Caledonia  S  M  Co 
Dudley  M  Co 
Endowment  M  Co 
Exchequer  M  Co 
Florence  Blue  Gravel  M  Co 
Flowery  M  Co 
Gila  S  M  Co 
Goodshaw  M  Co 
Hussey  Con  G  &  S  M  Co 
Julia  Con  M  Co 
Leopard  M  Co 
Manhattan  S  M  Co 
Martin  White  M  Co 
Maybelle  Con  M  Co 
McCrackin  Con  M  Co 
Modock  Con  M  Co 
Navajo  M  Co 
North  Con  Virginia  M  Co 
Overman  S  M  Co 
PhilSheridan  G&S  Co 
Raymond  &  Ely  M  Co 
Resolute  T  &  M  Co 
Savage  M  Co 
Silver  Prize  G  &  S  MCo 
South  Bulwer  G  M  Co 
South  Standard  M  Co 
Ward  G  &  S  M  Co 
Yellow  Jacket  S  M  Co 


Advance  S  M  Co 

Argent  M  Co 

Aurora  T  &  M  Co 

Black  Hawk  G  M  Co 

Booker  Con  G  M  Co 

Brilliant  M  Co 

Carmelo  Bay  Coal  Co 

Day  S  M  Co 

Diana  G  &  S  M  Co 

Eagle  S  M  &  M  Co 

Fairfax  M  Co 

Godfrey  Gravel  M  Co 

Hackberry  M  &  M  Co 

Hanover  Con  M  Co 

Howe  S  M  Co 

Jupiter  M  Co 

Mammoth  M  Co 

MariposaLand  &  M  Co 

Mayflower  Gravel  M  Co 

Mount  Hood  M  Co 

New  York  M  Co 

North  Star  GM  Co 

Northern  Light  G  &  S  M  Co 

Oriental  Con  G  &.  S  M  Co 

Pinal  M  &  M  Co 

Red  Hill  H  &  W  Co 

S  F,  Petroleum  Co 

Slate  Creek  G  M  Co 

Summit  M  Co 

University  G  M  Co 

Vancouver  M  Co 

Wide  Awake  Prospecting  &  M 


Name  OF  COMPANY. 

./Etna  M  Co 
Centras  Con  M  Co 
Equitable  T  &  M  Co 
Northern  King  M  &  M  Co 
Hale  &  Norcrosa  S  M  Co 
Slavouia  G  &  S  M  Co 
South  Utah  M  Co 


LATEST 


Namb  of  Company. 

Bodie  G  M  Co 
California  M  Co 
Excelsior  W  &  M  Co 
Eureka  Con  M  Co 
Golden  Star  M  Co 
Indian  Queen  M  &  M  Co 
Standard  G  MCo 


Location. 

No. 

Amt 

Levies 

.    Delinq' 

NT.    Sale. 

Secret  ABY. 

Place  of  Business 

California 

14 

1  00 

Feb  20 

Mar  27 

Apr  15 

W  H  Watson 

302  Montgomery  q 

California 

1 

10 

Feb  18 

Mar  25 

Apr  15 

Wm  H  Lent 

309  Montgomery  at 
203  BuBh  st 

Nevada 

1/ 

1  00 

Feb  7 

Mar  12 

April  1 

Jno  Crockett 

California 

» 

20 

Feb  24 

Mar  29 

Apr  26 

C  V  D  Hubbard 

Nevada 

'.!« 

50 

Jan  31 

Mar  7 

Mar  28 

W  Wegener 

414  California  st 

California 

•1 

25 

Jan  29 

Mar  3 

Apr  1 

E  C  Mast  en 

309  Montgomery  at 
327  Pine  Bt 

Nevada 

X 

25 

Feb  20 

Mar  31 

Apr  21 

R  H  Brown 

Nevada 

1,1 

1  00 

Feb  26 

Mar  31 

Apr  21 
Maris 

Joseph  Gruss 
F  A  McGee 

418  California  st 

California 

» 

03 

Jan  22 

Feb  25 

Nevada 

1 

50 

Jan  29 

Mar  4 

Mar  21 

W  W  Stetson 

Nevada 

3 

25 

Jan  22 

Mar  3 

Mar  24 

Wm  W  Parish 

328  Montgomery  at 

California 

•a 

10 

Jan  10 

Feb  20 

MarlO 

Victor  Fernbach 

327  Piue  at 

Nevada 

•1 

15 

Jan  20 

Feb  26 

Mar  21 

E  H  Brown 

327  Pine  st 

Nevada 

X 

1  00 

Jan  21 

Feb  27 

Mar  19 

A  Noell 

419  California  st 

Nevada 

9 

50 

Jan  3 

Feb  6 

Mar  28 

B  H  Brown 

327  Pine  st 

Nevada 

•l 

1  00 

Mar  3 

Apr  8 

Apr  30 
Mar  22 

Jno  Crockett 

203  Bush  fit 

Nevada 

5 

1  50 

Dec  14 

Jan  21 

J  J  Scoville 

59  Nevada  Block 

California 

a 

10 

Jan  21 

Mar  12 

Mar  14 

G  A  Holden 

301  Pine  it 

Arizona 

2 

50 

Oct  22 

Mar  3 

Apr  7 

H  A  Whiting 

211  Sansome  at 

California 

X 

50 

Feb  13 

Mar  24 

Apr  15 

J  WPew 

310  Pine  st 

Nevada 

h 

20 

Feb  i 

Mar  12 

April  3 

R  H  Brown 

327  Pine  Bt 

Nevada 

l!i 

1  00 

Jan  18 

Feb  21 

Mar  13 

GC  Pratt 

309  Montgomery  st 

Nevada 

4.1 

3  00 

Jan  28 

Mar  5 

Mar  26 

Geo  D  Edward6 

414  California  st 

Nevada 

X 

15 

Jan  21 

Feb  24 

Mar  17 

D  L  Thomas 

203  Bush  st 

Nevada 

III 

1  00 

Jan  7 

Feb  12 

MarlO 

J  WPew 

310  Pine  st 

California 

1 

10 

Dec  28 

Mar  3 

Mar  31 

J  L  Fields 

240  Montgomery  st 

Nevada 

w 

1  00 

Feb  17 

Mar  11 

Mar  31 

E  B  Holmes 

309  Montgomery  et 

Nevada 

4 

25 

Febl 

Mar  6 

Mar  29 

W  H  Redington 

HULeidesdorflat 
(320  Sansome  et 

California 

•i 

10 

Feb  27 

Mar  31 

Apr  21 

Wm  Stuart 

California 

4 

15 

Feb  25 

Mar  31 

Apr  21 

C  A  Sankey 

331  Montgomery  st 

California 

■i 

30 

Jan  10 

Feb  14 

Mar  6 

Jacob  Stadtfeld 

419  California  st 

Nevada 

31 

1  00 

Jan  15 

Feb  19 

Mar  19 

Mercer  Otey 

Gold  Hill  Nev 

PANIE! 

3- 

NOT  ON  THE  LISTS  OF  THE  BOARDS. 

California 

2 

50 

Dec  19 



Mar  14 

B  Lingley 

309  California  at 

Nevada 

4 

30 

Jan  21 

Mar  3 

Mar  25 

R  H  Brown 

327  Pine  at 

California 

3 

20 

Feb  24 

April  1 

Apr  30 

C  Van  Dyck  Hubbard        203  Bush  st 

California 

4 

25 

Dec  10 

Jaull 

Mar  20 

B  S  Kellogg 

306  Pine  st 

California 

1 

15 

Jan  29 

Mar  6 

Mar  26 

W  H  Lent 

309  Montgomery  at 

Nevada 

1 

05 

Jan  13 

Feb  17 

Mar  21 

Wm  A  Van  VanBokkelen         309  C  1 

California 

2 

25 

Dec  20 

Feb  20 

Mar  20 

John  Greif 

636  Washington  st 

Nevada 

3 

05 

Feb  6 

Mar  15 

April  8 

J  WPew 

310  Pine  at 

Nevada 

3 

10 

Feb  12 

Mar  17 

Apr  2 

J  T  McGeoghegan                318  Pine  st 

Nevada 

Vi 

25 

Feb  19 

Mar  24 

Apr  15 

R  H  Brown 

327  Pine  at 

Nevada 

1 

15 

Jan  25 

Feb  28 

Mar  20 

O  C  Miller 

426  California  st 

California 

4 

05 

Jan  17 

Feb  SO 

Apr? 

J  M  Burlington 

309  California  st 

Arizona 

3 

50 

Jan  17 

Feb  24 

Mar  14 

N  C  Walton 

324  Pine  st 

California 

2 

25 

Jan  30 



Mar  24 

Wm  A  Andoe 

Nevada 

1 

03 

Feb  24 

Mar  31 

Apr  21 

H  B  Sand 

404  Montgomery  st 

California 

2 

10 

Feb  15 

Mar  18 

Apr  16 

E  C  Maaten 

309  Montgomery  st 

California 

2 

20 

Feb  12 

Mar  19 

Apr  10 

AW  Rose 

302  Montgomery  Bt 

California 

In 

I  00 

Jan  10 

Feb  12 

Mar  12 

Leander  Leavitt 

309  Montg'y  at 

California 

3 

10 

Jan  15 

Feb  20 

Mar  12 

J  Morizio 

328  Montgomery  st 

Nevada 

9 

15 

Feb  3 

Mar  8 

Mar  28 

W  W  Bausman 

409  California  Bt 

Nevada 

IB 

40 

Feb  IS 

Mar  25 

Anrl5 

D  L  Thomas 

203  BuBh  st 

California 

1 

50 

Jan  29 

Mar  5 

Mar  26 

D  A  Jennings 

401  California  Bt 

California 

» 

10 

Jan  23 

Mar  3 

Apr  9 

S  F  Monroe 

419  California  st 

California 

2 

50 

Feb  18 

Mar  24 

April 

May  5 

Wm  R  Bentley 

#27  Pine  st 

Arizona 

1 

6  00 

Feb  19 

Apr  5 

Amos  Roberts 

'    214  Sansome  at 

California 

1 

05 

Feb  24 

Mar  31 

Apr  17 

A  B  Taul 

328  Montgomery  Bt 

California 

b 

16 

Feb  6 

Mar  11 

Mar  31 

Wendell  Eastou 

California 

1 

25 

Jan  21 

Mar  3 

Mar  31 

J  L  Fields 

240  Montgomery  st 
318  Pine  Bt 

California 

7 

05 

Feb  4 

Mar  11 

April  8 

R  N  Van  Brunt 

California 

1 

10 

Marl 

Apr  5 

Apr  26 

Wm  Letts  Oliver 

328  Montgm'y  Bt 

Nevada 

« 

15 

Feb  3 

Mar  8 

Mar  28 

W  W  Bausman 

409  California  Bt 

Co       Ariz 

6 

04 

Febl 

April  1 

Mayl 

C  Hildebrandt 

232  Sutter  st 

MEETINGS  TO  BE  HELD. 

Location. 

Secret  ABr. 

Office 

in  S.  F. 

Meeting. 

Datr 

Arizona 

J  S  Benear 

420  Montgomery  at 

Annual 

Mar  24 

W  W  Parrish 

328  Montgomery  st 

Annual 

Mar  11 

F 

Charles  J  Collins 

227Monl 

gomery  st 

Annual 

Mar  21 

Arizona 

J  F  Glover 

3B  Pine  st 

Special 

Mar  13 

Nevada 

J  F  Ligh 

ner    N  W  cor  Pine 

i  Mnntg'y 

Annual 

Mar  12 

Nevada 

A  F  Martin 

525  Front  st 

Annual 

Mar  11 

Nevada 

Chas  S  Healy 

Merchants'  Ex 

Special 

Mar  12 

DIVIDENDS- WITHIN 

THREE    MONTHS 

Location. 

Secretary. 

Office 

in  S.  F. 

Amount. 

Pa table 

California 

W  H  Lent 

327  Pine  st 

1  00 

Jan  20 

C  P  Gordon 

23  Nevada  Block 

1  00 

Jan  16 

California 

G  P  Thurston 

315  California  st 

Jan  20 

Nevada 

W  W  Traylor 

37  Nevada  Block 

2  00 

Feb  20 

Arizona 

J  W  Morgan 

318  Fine  st 

25 

Dec  9 

California 

A  K  Durbrow 

69  Nevada  Block 

25 

Dec  17 

California 

■W  Willis 

309  Montgomery  st 

1  00 

Feb  12 

250  Raymond  &  Ely. . .  .5i<a6 

100  Richer 75c 

350  SBodie 30c 

290  Summit ...2i@2.35 

SALES  OF   LAST  WEEK 

Tli  iir-iir  >■  A.  M..  Feb.  VI. 

255  AJta 5J 

100  Andes 50c 

210  Alpha 18J 

190  Bestfc  Belcher 20; 

900  Belcher 6JIS6I 

2130  Bullion 6i<a«j 

1060  Benton 4J(»4.40 

515  California 6J@6f 

550  Con  Virginia 63(rt6 

285  Crown  Point 5@4; 

30  Cbollar 41 

2790  Con  Imperial 1.15 

245  Confidence 14 

1455  Caledonia 2.60@2.55 

355  Challenge 3<g3.10 

1185  Dardenelles 3@3.05 

1885  Exchequer 5g@5i 

1020  Flowery 40c&35c 

155  Gould  S  Curry. .  .12J(S1U 

405  HaleiNor 15i<ai5j 

390  Justice 41(3)4 

900  Julia 5i 

95  Kentuck 5@4J 

IOO  Kossuth 25c 

185  Lady  Wash U 

1005  Lady  Bryan..  ..1.70@1. 60 

1050  Leviathan 50@60c 

4S0  Mexican 44J@44 

80  Mackey 3J 

890  New  York 50<g45c 

485  North  Con  Vir. . .  .13@12J 
755  N  Bonanza...... 13(^1. 90 

100  Ophir 4l®10i 

550  Overman 95<*9- 

1475  Phil  Sheridan  . . .  .45®40i 

100  Plutus 1.31 

305  Sierra  Nevada. . .  .501@50 
585  Savage 131@I3j 

1000  Succor 45c 

595  Silver  Hill 2 

530  Scorpion 1.55@1.60 

1330  Solid  Silver 60c 

300  Santiago 24 

450  Trojan 30<a25c 

175  Union  Con 80@79J 

IP  Utah 17» 

1150  Ward 1.60@1. 

1050  Yellow  Jacket. .  .1»1@19| 
AFTERNOON  session. 

1150  Argenta 1@1.10 

300  Albion 501875c 

300  Belle  Me 25M30c 

25  Bulwer 19!@193 

490  Bodie 6@6J 

300  Bechtel 65@70c 

100  Belmont 40c 

300  Belvidere 70(ffi75c 

2675  Black  Hawk 2@2j 

300  Booker 70@75c 

350  C  Pacific 2.10@2.15 

100  Caledonia  (B  HI 2J 

150  Chieftain 15c 

250  Concordia 10c 

100  Dudley 70c 

100  DeFrees 10c 

300  Endowment 10c 

1450  Esmeralda 1@1.22 

400  Goodshaw 45@50c 

190  Grand  Prize 4.70@5 


250  S  Bulwer SOc 

2100  Tiptop 706*75c 

975  Tioga  dm 1.40@1J 

3025  Tuscarora 15@5c 

AND  THIS  COMPARED 
Thursday  A.  ML,  Mar.  6. 

155  Alta 5J<85i 

80  Alpha : 17(#1§ 

290  Andes 45@50c 

165  Best&  Bolcher.  .18i(o?181 
700  Bullion 5j 

1290  Belcher. 6|@6 j 

320  Benton 4.10@4J 

475  Caledonia. 2J@2.70 

1660  Con  Imperial 1@1.05 

160  Chollar 39i 

250  CDorado 10c 

185  California 5J 

275  Challenge... 2i@2.65 

235  Con  Virginia 5J 

180  Confidence 13jf 

450  Crown  Point 4j@4.80 

175  Dardanelles 2 

455  Exchequer 4.80(5?5 

250  Flowery 80@85c 

635  Gould  £  Curry 9i(B9J 

405  Hale  S  Nor 14J@14J 

210  Justice 4.05 

1035  Julia 4.60@4.70 

505  Lady  Wash 11*1.20 

460  L  Bryan U(»1.20 

430  Mexican 38@384 

170  Mackey 3.65@3.70 

125  Morning  Star 3 

100  New  York 50c 

460  N  Con  Virginia.  .UJ<»11J 
740  N  Bonanza. ...1.65(al.60 

330  Ophir 36(8361 

90  Overman 112@114 

590  Phil  Sheridan  ....30@25c 
195  Sierra  Nevada.. . .455(8461 

215  Savage HJCtell! 

390  Silver  Hill 2.05 

500  Succor. 60(g45c 

600  Solid  Silver 50c 

100  Trojan 25c 

130  Utah 14 

2S5  Union  Con 69@68 

400  Wells-Fargo 15c 

635  Ward 1.20@li 

635  YeUow  Jacket. . .  .170171 


400  Golden  Terra 10 

100  Giant&OA 5 

300  Hussey 20(ft25c 

20  Hamburg 50c 

100  Highbrioge 60c 

50  Hillside 2.30(22.40 

50  independence 19 

55  Jackson.. 71@7j 

520  Leopard 55@60c 

40  Martin  White 6 

360  Mono -- 

245  Manhattan 2J 

700  McClinton  .'. 70@75c 

50  Minnietta  Bell 30c 

24  Modoc 5c 

240  Northern  Belle 9) 

100  Orimtal 15c 

350  Paradise 2.15@2.20 

230  Richer 1 

25  Sdver  King 9J 

532  SBulwer 1@1.10 

290  S  Bodie 30c 

200  Star 60c 

1590  Summit 3S*3l 

400  TuBcarora 

470  Tioga  Con 1.7<X_  . 

145  Tiptop SOc 

'  50  University 75c 


695  Dudley 

120  Eureka  Con 28 

300  Esmeralda 1 

100  Endowment 5c 

120  Grand  Prize 4.70@4| 

500  Goodshaw 45@5uc 

200  Golden  Terra 9J@9j 

200  Hussey 15c 

00  Highbridge 65o 

650  Hillside 2)@2.60 

645  Independence  . . .  1 V"  1  -40 

250  Jefferson. 86o 

100  Modoc... 10c 

1000  Martin  White 6J 

70  Mono 21 

310  Manhattan lj 

250  Minnietta  Bell 20c 

50  Northern  Belle 9}  j 

745  Navajo l(X»15c 

220  Paradise 1.60@1.80 

685  Raymond  &  Ely.  ...63(0>7 

460  Summit 2i(a2.35 

400  Star 60@65c 

170  SBodie 30c 

1400  8  Bulwer 75@80c 

140  Tiptop 60@70c 

400  Tioga  Con 1.40WU 

25  TuBcarora 10c 


Pacific  Board— Latest  Sales. 


AFTERNOON  BESSION. 

2025  Argenta 1 

400  Belmont 45(jr50c 

100  Belvidere 65c 

495  Bodie 6@6j 

245  Bulwer 171@17i 

100  Black  Hawk 1.65 

225  Bechtel 60c 

100  Belle  Isle 30c 

360  Booker 55(ff60c 

400  Chieftain 25c 

50  CPacific 1£ 

450  Champion 20@15c 


M  ed'sday  A.  11.,  Mar.  5, 

2U  Alpha 171 

120  Alta 5j@5j 

320  Belcher 6J@fil 

40  Best  &  Belcher.  ..17J@173 
180  Bullion 54 

55  Con  Virginia 52(5*5! 

200  Con  Imperial 1 

50  Crown  Point 4i 

llK)  Caledonia 2.65 

50  Challenge 2f 

100  Exchequer 4, 

170  Gould  &  Curry 91@9; 

200  Justice 4.15@4.2I 

100  Julia 4.70 

150  Kentuck 4J 

50  Lady  Bryan 1.15 

90  Mexican.. 7i@37i 

160  Ophir 35fc&35 

SO  Overman lUO&Ilg 

100  Savage ll£@ll; 

80  Sierra  Nevada. . .  .45(«44s 
150  Silver  Hill 2.10<*2.05 

40  Utah 13) 

10  Union  Con 68J 

230  Ward 1.30®1J 

180  Yellow  Jacket... 171@17| 

A  FTEBNOON  SESSION. 

985  Belcher 6J@6S 


Bodie ..6S 

Bullion 5*fC5l 

Best  &  Belcher. 17* 

Benton 4 

Con  Imperial. .  .98t»(<*97c 
Con  Virginia.... 5. 80(cr5j 

Chollar 38J 

California 6g 

Crown  Point 4.05 

Exchequer 4j 

Endowment 8c 

Grand  Prize 44 

Gould&Currv 9i@9* 

Jufltice 4.l0(*4j 

Julia 4i@4.60 

L  Bryan 1.30 

Mariposa 4i@4  J 

Mackey 35 

Mexican 37}(£37 

New  York 35c 

NConVir 

Ophir 

Overman 

Paradise 

Phil  Sheridan SOc 

Savage Mi 

Trojan 25j> 

Utah 13i 

YeUow  Jacket....  17@16i 


California  Board— Latest  Sales. 


Med'sday  A.  M.,  Alar.  5. 

100  Atlanta 2c 

40  Alta 5i@5J 

3000  -<Etna 40@27c 

1500  Atlas lie 

50  Argenta 1.15 

200  Atlantic  40c 


30  BeBt  A  Belcher 181 

SO  Belcher.,, „,« 7@.| 

90  Bullion.. &* 

70  California CJ@5| 

60  Con  Virginia 6@5j 

300  Con  Imperial. 1.05@1 

40  Crown  Point .5 


March  8,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


149 


100  OosoCod fc| 

30  Caledonia *-') 

100  Crevice 30c| 

JO  Dardanelles 2.10, 

100  Endowment... 10c 

00  Gould  Jt  Curry.    .lOi'^101 

30  Hale*  PTorcrou H 

40  Justice «sgH  06 

40  Julia. 4.70^41 

30  Mexican 41 

300  N  Scorpion S71c> 

ShO  Newark 30W25C1 

30  Ophlr 36 

1000  Ralston 6c 

100  Buccor 45c 

660  SUUh. 17(932c 

30  8»n«. i2iurl2| 

330  Baotlatfo 21^2 

300  Henator 374c 

100  aUver  Jacket 90c 

100  Trojan. 25c 

13000UPU4T 3c 

100  Ward U@1.30 

100  Walea 1| 

200  Wells- Faxgo Iftifl7c 

30  Yellow  Jacket 17* 

AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

70  Aloha 170171 

30  A1U S\ittb\ 

3500  .Etna 25<t/40c 

(100  Atlanta 3«2c 

100  Atlas 124c 

200  AlumdcnQ 90c 

20  Bullion M 


40  Beit  Jt  BflcLer....l*t(li| 

600  Belcher W«M 

40  Con  Virginia % 

20  Crown  P01111 4.35 

200  Qua  Imperial 1.06 

20  California 51 

30  Chollar m 

30  Caledonia 2.70^(2.90 

20  Dardanelles H 

100  Enterprise 1 

30  Exchequer 4.S5 

10  Eurvka  Con 27 

100  Favont« 70c 

20  Gould  A  Curry yj 

100  Golden  Chariot 15c 

100  G  Deposit 40c 

100  Golden  Gate 2 

40  Hale  A  Nor 14«fl4i 

30  Julia 4 

20  Justice 4.10 

200  L  Bryan 1.15 

200  Monumental 3c 

30  Mexican 374 

100  Newark 35c 

20  Ophlr 351 

50  Savage lli<tfll 

20  Sierra  Nevada 45 

40  Silver  HU1 21 

350  8  Utah 17018c 

300  Trojan 24<*25c 

145  Tiger 97|c(ftl 

10  Union  Con. 67 

300  Wales I> 

20  Yellow  Jacket 17 


Mining  Share  Market 

The  past  week  has  been  rather  a  stupid  one, 
and  interesting  events  connected  with  it  have 
been  few.  The  rapid  settling  back  of  prices 
after  the  jump  of  last  week  to  not  only  the 
points  they  started  from,  but  also,  in  many 
cases,  lower  ones,  has  caused  a  feeling  of  de- 
spondency and  rendered  the  market  decidedly 
blue. 

The  early  days  were  characterized  by  weak- 
ness, dullness  and  a  steady  decline.  There  was 
no  severe  depreciation,  but  the  constant  output 
of  stocks  by  insiders  drove  all  animation  and 
buoyancy  from  the  market.  It  is  hard  to  say 
what  the  stock  market  is  to  do.  Evidently  the 
insiders  do  not  intend  to  allow  any  very  heavy 
advance  in  the  immediate  future.  Probably 
not  until  the  arrangements  have  been  com- 
pleted for  the  cross-cutting  in  the  Sierra 
Nevada. 

This  uncertainty  of  the  market  has  kept  up 
the  soft,  weak  feeling  till  the  close,  the  dealers 
seeming  not  to  fully  comprehend  the  situation. 
We  can  hardly  hope  for  a  live  market  before 
the  beginning  or  perhaps  the  middle  of  April. 
By  that  time  the  machinery,  etc.,  for  extensive 
exploration  in  the  Comstccks  will  be  in  readi- 
ness, and  the  cross-cutting  noted  above  will  be 
under  way.  A  large  and  booming  market  will 
surely  follow  the  expected  discovery  of  a  new 
bonanza  of  ore.  Bodie  looks  as  though  it  would 
furnish  prominent  mines  for  speculation  during 
the  spring.  The  Northern  Belle,  Hillside, 
Highbridge  and  others  are  looking  splendidly, 
extensively  shipping  bullion,  and  doing  what 
few  other  mines  are — paying  their  way — all  of 
which  tends  to  draw  the  eyes  of  speculators  in 
their  direction. 

The  abrupt  and  unexplained  termination,  on 
the  5th  instant,  of  the  negotiations  pending  be- 
tween the  mining  companies  and  the  Sutro  Tun- 
nel company  has  had  a  depressing  effect  upon 
the  so-called  "water  mine"  Bhares,  a  large  pro- 
portion of  which  are  supposed  to  be  held  by 
the  bonanza  firm  and  their  friends.  This  result, 
though  not  wholly  unlooked  for,  is  unfortunate 
all  round,  as  it  relegates  the  matter  to  the 
courts,  involving  additional  expense  and  inter- 
minable delay,  the  mines  being  meantime  de- 
prived of  the  services  of  the  much  needed  tun- 
nel, and  the  owners  of  the  latter  of  the  equally 
much  needed  revenues  that  they  ought  to  derive 
from  the  mines. 


Bullion  Shipments. 

Since  our  last  issue,  we  have  noticed  the  fol- 
lowing bullion  shipments:  Tybo  Con,,  Feb. 
24th,  $4,059.60;  Highbridge,  Feb.  28th,  $5,- 
21.6;  Martin  White,  Feb.  26th,  $5,330;  Hill- 
side, Feb.  28th,  $5,320;  Highbridge,  Feb.  3d, 
$4,615;  Tybo  Con.,  Feb.  28th,  $4,095.09. 


The  decree  in  Italy  subjecting  vessels  arriv- 
ing from  the  United  States  and  South  American 
ports  to  quarantine,  has  been  abrogated. 


Steel  rails  for  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad 
Company  are  coming  from  Scranton,  Pittsburg 
and  Troy. 

Work  has  been  commenced  in  Madrid  on 
the  buildings  for  the  International  exposition 
of  1880.       

A  large  cave  has  been  discovered  in  a  spur 
of  the  Coast  Range  mountains  opposite  Rose- 
burg.  , 

During  the  first  two  weeks  in  January, 
18,000  tons  guano  were  shipped  from  Peruvian 
islands. 


The  United  States  Mints  recoined  over  $2,  - 
000,000  in  standard  dollars  in  February. 


An  avalanche  near   Marburg,  Austria,  killed 
21  persons  and  destroyed  nine  houses. 


Mexico  is  negotiating  for  the  completion  of 
diplomatic  relations  with  England. 


The  Napa  Insane  Asylum  is  now  quite  full, 
and  still  the  patients  come. 


ining    Summary. 


Tha  following-  it  mostly  condensed  from  Journals  pub- 
lished in  the  interior,  in  proximity  to  the  mine*  mentioned. 


CALIFORNIA. 

AMADOR. 

lbffDra  Notes.  -Ltdgrr,  Mar  1:  The  Original  Amador 
gives  employment  to  48  men.  The  extraction  of  ore  is 
lUfflcieDl  lo  keep  16  Btauipa  in  motion.  The  deepest  level 
Is  800  ft  from  the  surface.  The  Keytitoue  has  erected 
machinery  for  sawing  logs,  etc.  There  ure  three  sawa,  a 
cut-off  saw,  one  for  trimming  timbers,  ami  a  Wedgv-flsvll 
for  making  the  wedges  required  in  the  mine.  The  nia- 
clunery  li  run  by  water-power,  by  one  of  Knight's  10- 
inch  hurdy-gurdy  wheels.  The  Iowa  claim  adjoins  the 
Lincoln  and  Mahoney  mines  of  Sutter  creek.  The  bo- 
nanza met  with  in  the  Mahuney  Is  GOO  ft  from  the  Iowa 
lino,  and  runs  in  ■  direct  hue  from  the  latter  ground. 
Allen  Tibbetts  1-  the  principal  owner  of  the  property,  und 
has  put  30,000  shares  upon  the  market  at  CO  cents  a  share. 
A  shaft  reaches  down  oO  ft.  One  hundred  and  fifty  tons 
of  the  rock  has  been  milled,  with  fair  results  for  surface 
rock.  The  bottom  o(  the  shaft  is  covered  with  strata  of 
go* «l  orv. 

Otuhr  Items  —  Volcano  Cor.  J>inpa tch,  Mar.  1:  The 
Grleabach  mine.  Pioneer  creek,  has  about  200  tons  of 
quartz,  averaging  $00  per  ton,  now  upon  the  dump,  the 
crushing  of  which  is  in  operation.  The  Harmon  boys 
have  two  ledges  on  the  same  lode,  from  which  they  are 
taking  out  very  rich  rock.  Joe  Le  Due  has  30  tons  of 
rock  out  at  his  claim,  which  will  average  $50  per  ton.  A 
new  quartz  lode  has  been  struck  in  the  canyon  just  below 
town  by  T.  QllUck.  The  ledge  is  six  ft  wide,  and  the  pay 
streak  two  ft.  The  Downs  mine  has  just  had  a  clean-up 
after  a  14  days'  run,  the  yield  amounting  to  $0,800.  The 
Fort  Ann  mine  has  a  drift  76  ft  in  the  new  shaft,  and 
Bhows  a  vein  of  very  rich  rock,  which  prospects  well.  The 
old  Siebenthuler  mine  has  been  relocated  by  W.  Hose,  of 
San  Francisco,  and  soon  will  bo  in  active  operation.  The 
Confidence  mine  has  been  bonded  by  San  Francisco  par- 
ties, and  the  necessary  hoisting  machinery  for  working  it 
is  now  on  the  road.  Water  is  scarce  "here  at  present, 
yet  a  few  of  our  placer  claims  are  being  worked  with  good 
results.  The  Philbrook  &  Starling  mine,  on  Pioneer 
creek,  is  being  worked  with  very  satisfactory  yields  to  its 
owners.  "Lucky  Dick"  also  has  a  claim' at  the  same 
place  which  is  doing  finely.  The  Gold  Gravel  mining 
company's  tunnel  is  in  1,800  ft.  A  10-stamp  mill  for  ce- 
ment is  now  on  the  road;  to  be  used  on  the  Forty-Nine 
placer  claim. 

BUTTE. 

Maoalu  Q.  M.  Co.— Mercury,  Feb.  23:  The  claim  is 
reached  by  a  tunnel  700  ft  long,  possessing  an  incline  of 
600  ft,  and  is,  to  all  appearances,  an  old  river  channel. 
In  width  the  channel  or  lead  averages  about  76  ft,  and  the 
gravel  deposit  averages  from  18  inches  to  four  ft  in  depth. 
Fifteen  thousand  dollars  have  been  expended  by  the  pres- 
ent operators  in  reopening  the  mine.  The  capital  stock  of 
the  company  is  divided  into  100,000  shares,  of  which  Mr. 
Barrett  owns  one-eighth.  Two  miles  of  ditch,  carrying 
175  inches  of  water,  are  owned  by  the  association.  They 
estimate  the  pressure  at  70  ft.  The  gravel  is  excavated  at 
the  bottom  of  the  tunnel,  hauled  to  the  surface  in  cars 
and  then  washed.  Samples  of  the  dirt  appear  \o  be  of  a 
clayish  character  and  quite  hard;  it  crumbles  after  being 
exposed  to  the  air.  Seventy-three  ounces  of  gold  were 
taken  out  during  four  days  of  last  week. 

Kiwbhew  Notes,  — Miners  think  the  quantity  of  snow 
sufficient  to  ensure  a  bountiful  supply  of  water  the  com- 
ing season.  Operations  have  been  resumed  by  the  Snow 
company  with  a  force  of  six  men,  which  will  soon  be  in- 
creased to  10.  Ryan  &  Co.,  the  principal  mining  operators 
on  Little  Kimshew,  have  not  began  work  yet,  but  expect 
to  within  a  week  or  so.  Quite  a  number  of  new  claims 
have  been  located  in  these  districts  the  past  winter,  and 
the  hills  are  swarming  with  prospectors. 

Mining  Improvement.— Brock  &  Taber  have  received  an 
order  from  the  Vermilion  Gravel  mining  company  for 
2,000  ft  of  7-inch  and  1,000  ft  of  11-inch  water  pipe,  the 
same  to  be  made  of  No.  16  iron.  The  ground  belonging 
to  this  company  is  located  in  what  is  known  as  Forbes- 
town  ravine,  and  has  been  worked  as  far  up  the  gulch  as 
the  present  water  supply  will  admit  of.  In  order  to  get  a 
further  supply  of  water  it  is  necessary  to  force  the  same 
over  a  ridge  of  300  ft  elevation  on  one  side  and  200  on  the 
other.  A  Keep  pump,  weighing  15  tons,  will  be  located  at 
the  base  of  this  ridge,  from  which  water  will  be  forced 
through  the  7-inch  pipe  to  a  reservoir  on  top  of  the  hill, 
from  which  the  11-inch  pine  will  convey  it  to  the  claim. 
The  reservoir  will  hold  sufficient  water  to  run  a  100-inch 
stream  for  12  houre. 

Butte  Creek. — Helltown  is  a  first-class  mining  camp. 
The  Shepard  ditch  is  now  completed  to  Whisky  Flat,  where 
one-half  of  the  4,000  inches  it  contains  will  be  piped  on  to 
the  west  Bide,  and  the  other  down  on  the  gravel  hill  of  the 
east  side.  Work  on  the  Whisky  Flat  claims  will  be  re- 
sumed very  soon,  as  the  suit  between  Fred  Stryker  and 
the  Maurice  estate  has  been  decided.  Mary's  Flat  has  its 
ditches,  flumes  and  pipe  all  in  readiness  for  the  water. 
Paradise  Flat  is  being  worked  by  Mattby  &  Rister.  Adams 
&  Mclntyre's  hill  claim  has  paid  about  300  ounces;  four 
monthB'  work  by  three  men.  Hupp's  hydraulic  claim  is 
now  in  operation,  with  every  prospect  of  its  former  suc- 
cess. 

MONO 

University.—  Standard,  Feb.  28:  A  progress  of  16  ft 
has  been  made  in  the  drift  on  the  100  level;  total  length 
200  ft.  The  ore  body  in  thiB  level  has  increased  to  two  ft 
in  width.  The  drift  on  the  200  level  is  now  in  23  ft.  The 
ore  has  changed  somewhat  in  character,  being  now  all  fine 
decomposed  quartz,  and  of  the  full  width  of  the  drift. 

Bulwkr. — The  south  drift,  380  level,  has  been  advanced 
during  the  past  week  nine  ft;  total  length,  174  ft.  The 
ledge  is  two  ft  wide  and  looks  well.  The  west  crosscut 
from  the  drift  is  in  16  ft.  At  10  ft  from  the  drift  a  fine 
ledge  was  cut,  one  ft  wide,  of  very  good  ore.  The  ledge 
in  the  upraise  is  two  ft  wide,  of  very  fine  ore.  The  Stone- 
wall stopes  continue  to  look  well.  There  has  been  no  par- 
ticular change  in  the  tunnel,  which  is  still  in  good  blast- 
ing ground. 

Syndicate.— The  south  drift  from  the  east  crosscut  was 
advanced  seven  ft  during  the  week.  Crosscut  No.  2,  east, 
is  in  44  ft.  During  the  past  week  three  small  seams  of 
quartz  have  been  cut  in  the  latter.  The  formation  is 
looking  favorable,  and  it  is  expected  that  the  ledge  will 
be  cut  at  an  early  day.  The  west  crosscut  has  advanced 
21  ft,  in  soft  porphyry.  The  winze  on  the  Osceola  vein 
has  been  sunk  11  ft;  total  depth  below  the  tunnel  floor, 
181  ft.     The  vein  is  three  ft  wide,  of  good  milling  ore. 

South  Bulwer. — During  the  week  good  progress  has 
been  made  in  the  work  of  development.  The350-ft  cross- 
cut has  been  advanced  14  ft;  total,  38  ft.  The  ground  in 
the  face  is  hard  blasting  porphyry,  and  progress  is  neces- 
sarily slow.  This  crosscut  will  be  pushed  ahead  as  fast  as 
possible  to  strike  the  ledge  discovered  in  the  200-ft  cross- 
cut. During  the  paBt  few  days,  important  developments 
have  been  made  In  the  200  level.  A  new  ledge  eight  ft 
wide  has  been  cut.  It  is  soft  decomposed  quartz  and  clay, 
and  some  of  the  ore  prospects  very  nicely. 

Blackiiawb..— The  new  Bhaft  is  down  291  ft.  The  bot- 
tom ib  i-i  a  mixture  of  sandstone  boulders,  clay  and 
quartz,  all  of  which  will  give  a  prospect  in  gold  by  the 
horning  process.  The  west  crosscut  on  the  220  level  is  in 
40  ft.  At  a  point  34  ft  west  of  the  shaft,  a  vein  of  quartz 
was  cut  five  ft  in  width,  between  well-deflned  hanging 
and  foot  walls.  The  ledge  stood  at  an  angle  of  about  85% 
pitching  west.  A  drift  has  been  started  south,  and  the 
quartz  Is  being  raised  to  the  surface  and  put  on  the  ore 
dump.  The  vein  Is  a  strong  one,  four  or  five  ft  in  width, 
and  ore  taken  from  it  at  present  resembleB  the  rich  rock  I 
from  the  Stonewall  lode  on  the  other  side  of  the  hill.  It 
is  fairly  "splashed"  over  with  free  gold,    with  dark  spots  ] 


similar  to  the  Stonewall  rock-  This  ledge  was  cut  in  the 
Bhaft  120  ft  from  the  surface,  pitching  west.  Another 
ledge,  wider  and  richer,  was  cut  110  ft  from  the  surface, 
larger  and  richer  at  that  depth  than  the  Warren  lode,  on 
which  the  drift  Is  now  being  run.  which  is  vet  to  be  cut  by 
the  crosscut  on  the  220  level.  Between  the  two  ledges  in 
the  shaft  was  found  the  only  hard  rock  encountered  in 
sinking,  and  this  same  intensely  hard  rock,  onlv  much 
harder,  is  now  found  west  of  the  Warren. 

Benton  Notes. -Cor.  [nyo/ndqwufmL  Feb.  28:  The 
Comanche  mill  has  started  once  more,  under  the  manage- 
ment of  Robert  Burn  ham.  The  mill  is  working  over  old 
tailings,  some  of  which  have  been  lying  here  for  several 
years.  They  yield  considerable  quicksilver,  as  well  as  a 
good  profit  In  bullion.  Burnham  has  a  process,  partly  his 
own,  I  v  which  begets  a  better  result  than  the  mill  has 
been  able  to  Bhow  neretoforo.  The  Tower  mine  has  been 
pul  in  working  Older  A  piece  of  rock  from  a  cave  on  the 
lower  drift  astuyd  $4,080  per  ton.  The  Josephine  tun- 
nel is  lu  HO  ft,  and  the  rock  averages  $46  In  gold  and  sil- 
ver; one  piece  went  $700.  In  Clover  district  little  1b  be- 
ing done  at  present.  The  claims  are  owned  by  prospec- 
tors who  depend  upon  their  muscle  for  capital.  J.  H. 
Taylor  has  a  claim,  the  Oro  FJro,  on  which  he  sank  40  ft, 
striking  a  ledge  45  ft  wide,  and  the  thickness  is  not  yet 
ascertained,  as  work  had  to  be  suspended  on  account  of 
lack  nf  funds.  Assays  at  the  bottom  showed  $45  in  gold, 
and  $20,81  In  silver.  J.  N.  Kellogg  has  a  very  fine  claim, 
upon  which  a  tunnel  extending  180  ft  taps  the  ledge  00  ft 
under  the  surface.  The  Gray  Eagle  shows  a  small  vein 
assaying  $200.  The  Wasp,  owned  by  Edward  Taylor  and 
J.  O.  Wheeler,  Is  a  large,  well-defined  lode.  The  cap-rock 
shows  $19.60,  though  there  has  been  nothing  done  to  de- 
velop this  valuable  claim.  There  are  over  30  good  loca- 
tions in  the  district. 

NEVADA. 

The  Crosby  &,  OuvK.—Tramcript,  Feb.  28:  This  mine, 
originally  owned  by  John  L.  Williams,  was  last  year  pur- 
chased by  the  Messrs.  Crosby  and  Joseph  Olive  for  $20,- 
000.  The  claim  comprises  3,000  ft  on  the  Providence  lode, 
south,  and  two  other  veins.  The  present  owners  have 
erected  hoisting  works,  consisting  of  a  30-horse  power 
engine,  12-inch  stroke  and  a  boiler  30  inches  in  diameter. 
The  pump  is  a  powerful  one  capable  of  discharging  26 
inches  of  water.  The  rock  shows  well  most  of  the  way  In 
the  north  100  level,  considerable  ore  having  been  etoped 
out.  The  vein  is  in  and  out  at  places  on  this  level,  but  in 
this  drift  shows  two  strong  chutes  of  rock.  There  has 
been  some  crosscutting  done  on  this  end  of  the  level, 
showing  the  vein  to  be  well  confined.  Retracing  his  Bteps 
to  the  southward  he  traveled  160  ft  in  the  south  drift  of 
the  100  level.  In  the  head  of  this  drift  the  vein  Is  three 
and  one-half  ft  thick  and  looks  well.  At  this  point  a  large 
volume  of  water,  about  18  inches,  pours  through  the 
rock,  and  evidently  comes  from  a  heavy  ore  vein  farther 
Bouth.  This  can  be  properly  classed  a  contract  vein,  has 
a  vertical  dip  of  40°  to  the  east,  and  runs  northwest  and 
southeast.  There  has  been  extracted  1,000  tonB  of  fine 
ore,  exclusive  of  surface  working.  The  ore  is  of  free  gold 
and  sulphuret  nature,  and  cannot  be  called  refractory. 

Mining  HoTKH.—Foothill  Tidings,  Mar.  1:  Very  rich 
quartz  waa  taken  out  of  the  Scadden  Flat  mine  lately,  a 
piece  the  size  of  a  double  fist  containing  gold  estimated  at 
$60.  A  clean-up  of  55  loads  of  quartz,  taken  out  by  trib- 
uters,  in  the  south  workings  of  the  Rocky  Bar  mine,  paid 
upwards  of  $60  per  ton.  New  York  hill  is  said  to  be  look- 
ing better  than  for  sometime.  John  Bryan  has  a  new  lo- 
cation on  the  top  of  Osborn  hill  called  the  Electric  Wand, 
and  is  at  work  opening  it  up.  The  Wyoming  mine  never 
looked  so  well  as  now.  Last  week  a  clean-up  of  $2,700  was 
made  after  a  three  days'  run.  Ricn  specimens  have 
recently  been  found  In,  the  Deadwood  mine.  The  Eureka 
Lake  company  at  Moore'a  Flat  have  decided  not  to  pay 
new  men  employed  more  than  $2.50  per  day  and  the  Min- 
ers' Union  there  has  been  revived  to  resist  the  reduction. 
In  Watt  blue  gravel  they  have  stoped  east  drift  and  drifted 
west  12  ft.  Bedrock  granite  and  pitching.  Drifted  15  ft 
east  last  week.  The  tunnel  of  the  Planet  Gravel  company 
was  extended  17  ft  last  week;  making  the  total  length 
1,624  ft.  It  is  believed  that  the  ore  now  coming  from  the 
Deadwood  mine  will  not  yield  less  than  $40  per  ton. 

PLACER. 

Siidrtleft  Quart/,  Mine.— Herald,  Mar.  1:  The  main 
shaft  is  now  down  205  ft.  The  tunnel  of  630  ft  strikes 
the  shaft  140  ft  from  the  Burface.  At  the  loweBt  level  a 
drift  has  been  run  85  ft  east  and  west  from  the  shaft. 
From  this  drift  56  tons  of  rock  have  been  raised,  which 
milled  $30  per  ton,  or  the  nice  sum  of  $1,650.  During 
the  last  two  weeks  Mr.  Shurtleff  has  been  sloping  above 
the  lowest  level,  and  has  taken  out  40  tons  of  rock  which 
will  average  the  Bum  of  $50  per  ton,  or  in  amount,  the 
sum  of  52,000.  The  lead  is  about  two  ft  in  thickness,  and 
through  it  there  is  a  streak  of  very  rich  rock,  which  will 
mill  at  from  $500  to  $1,000.  The  rock  which  is  in  this  rich 
streak  is  saved  separate  from  a  milling  quartz  as  specimen 
rock.  Mr.  Shurtleff  owns  2,000  ft  on  this  lead,  from 
Smith's  ravine  on  the  east  to  North  ravine  on  the  west. 
The  expense  of  hauling  and  milling  the  quartz  is  $4  per 
ton.  The  whole  expense  of  working  the  Shurtleff  quartz 
mine  is  not  over  $6  per  ton. 

PLUMAS. 

Plumas  Eureka.— Alioth  Cor.  National,  Feb.  22:  The 
tailings  from  both  of  this  company^  mills  are  run  in 
flumea  to  a  dystem  of  araatras,  20  in  number,  strung 
along  the  hank  of  the  creek  in  as  close  proximity  as  the 
declivity  will  allow  for  the  power  necesBary.  They  are 
driven  by  the  common  Mexican  horizontal  wheel,  but  are 

Cut  up  strong  and  good.  They  are  owned  and  operated 
y  Italians,  who,  besides  a  monthly  rent,  have  paid  a 
handsome  bonus  for  the  privilege.  The  upper  mill  haa 
eight  stamps  more  than  the  other,  or  48  in  all.  The  con- 
centrators, 22  in  number,  are  the  patent  of  W.  H.  Patton, 
the  civil  engineer  of  this  and  the  mills  under  the  control 
of  Cross  &  Co.  The  motion  to  these  concentrators  is  im- 
parted by  a  worm  wheel.  The  concentrated  stuff  ia 
roasted  in  a  Bruckner  furnace.  The  old,  or  snow-shed 
tunnel  Bupplies  the  old  mill.     The  new  has  its  supplies  in 

tjiirt,  from  the  new  tunnel  lately  run  on  the  level  of  the 
ower  Mammoth  tunnel.  It  is  200  ft  below  the  other. 
Ore  is  also  brought  from  the  middle  ledge  and  '76  mine, 
the  latter  yielding  gold  of  a  finer  quality  than  any  other 
lead, upon  the  mountain.  Besides  the  three  lodesnamed, 
they  have  built  a  house  for  the  workmen,  and  started  a 
tunnel  in  the  Rough  &  Ready  ground,nearly  a  mile  south, 
with  a  view  to  tap  the  above-named  mine,  as  well  as  two 
othere  known  to  be  upon  that  Bide.  There  ia  more  ore  in 
sight  now  than  ever  before.  The  lode  developB  better  as 
depth  is  made,  and  there  is  drainage  vet  by  tunnel  500  or 
600  ft  below  the  present  workings.  There  is  a  continuoua 
body  of  quartz  on  the  upper  level  of  850  ft  in  length.  The 
middle  and  the  '76  lodes  being  situated  higher  up,  are 
capable  of  being  drained  over  1,000  ft  in  depth. 

TRINITY. 

New  River  Mines.—  Journal,  Mar.  1:  All  the  miners 
are  busy.  The  Eagle  Creek  company  have  begun  sluicing, 
The  Slide  Creek  company  have  an  abundance  of  water, 
and  are  running  their  Baw  mill  day  and  night.  Their 
claim  will  be  in  working  order  In  a  short  time.  They 
have  some  very  rich  ground,  with  a  fair  prospect  of  strik- 
ing an  old  channel.  The  same  company  intends  taking 
water  from  the  main  river  and  conveying  it  by  ditch  and 
flume  two  and  one-half  miles  down  stream  to  Rattlesnake 
bar,  where  fine  prospects  have  been  obtained.  This  com- 
pany have  a  new  ditch  cut,  and  mill  framed  and  irons 
ready  to  aet  up  as  soon  as  spring  comes.  Another  com- 
pany propose  to  take  a  ditch  from  the  river  for  the  pur- 
pose of  conveying  water  to  the  bar  at  the  mouth  of  thiB 
river,  which  contains  26  acres  of  mining  ground.  On  a 
portion  of  this  bar  there  is  a  gravel  bank  from  40  to  60  ft 
deep.  This  will  be  the  most  extensive  mining  enter- 
prise on  either  Trinity  or  New  river.  The  water  will  be 
carried  acrosB  the  river,  below  the  mouth  of  this  stream, 
and  then  along  down  the  Trinity  as  far  as  David  Gray's 
place,  five  miles  from  where  the  water  is  taken  from  the 
river.  This  flume  and  ditch  will  cover  mining  ground 
enough  to  last  the  company  a  lifetime.  The  bars  are  all 
high,  and  afford  from  40  to  75  ft  "dump"  for  rocks  and 
tailings. 


NEVADA. 
WASHOE  DISTRICT. 

In  the  absence  of  our  usual  Washoe  correspondence  we 
publish  letters  from  the  various  miue  Superintendents  of 
the  dates  mentioned: 

Julia.— Letter  of  1st:  Good  progress  has  been  made  in 
reducing  the  accumulated  water  in  main  incline  below 
1S00  levd,  which  stands  200  ft  below  the  latter  level  or 
83  ft  above  the  sill  floor,  2000  level.  All  preparations 
are  completed  to  discharge  the  water  in  the  Sutro  tunnel 
on  receipt  of  instructiona  from  the  main  oflice  in  San  Fran- 
cisco. Winze  sinking  from  I860  level,  south  drift,  up  to 
present  time,  has  mode  slow  progress  on  account  of  the 
intense  heat,  but  the  present  aspect  bids  fair  for  better 
progress  in  the  future. 

W  ari>.— Letter  of  1st:  Our  east  crosscut,  800  level,  has 
been  advanced  20J  ft  for  the  past  week;  total  length,  476 
ft.  Material  encountered,  streaks  of  various  widths  com- 
posed of  lime  quartz,  soft  vein  porphyry;  also  streaks  of 
solid  block  bird's-eye  porphyry.  Have  225  ft  yet  to  drift 
to  reach  the  downward  continuation  of  the  vein,  which 
crops  nut  so  prominently  on  the  surface  and  east  of  main 
shaft.     Everything  about  the  mine  working  well. 

Chollar.— Letter  of  1st:  The  Chollar-Norcross-Savage 
shaft  has  been  sunk  11  ft  during  the  past  week;  the  water 
hoisted  from  the  bottom  with  skeets  Iibb  averaged  85,000 
gallons  per  day. 

Silver  Hill.— Letter  of  1st:  During  the  past  week 
have  sunk  and  timbered  the  main  incline  16  ft.  The  main 
east  crosscut  on  1100  level  has  been  extended  38  ft.  The 
face  is  still  in  porphyry  carrying  considerable  iron. 

OrniH. —  Letter  of  1st:  The  repairs  on  the  pump-rod 
and  connecting  rod  at  the  head  of  the  main  incline  were 
completed  Monday,  when  hoisting  the  usual  amount  of  ore 
was  resumed.  But  owing  to  the  water,  work  was  not  re- 
sumed In  the  incline  on  the  2200  or  2100  levels  until 
yesterday.  During  the  past  week  we  have  put  in  a  new 
pump-hob  at  the  600  station  to  take  the  place  of  the  old 
one,  which  was  too  small.  We  are  still  at  work  repairing 
the  main  shaft  above  1465  station.  We  hope  to  have  this 
work  completed  in  another  month.  The  flow  of  water 
from  the  Union  Con. ,  east  drift,  continues  to  decrease,  and 
is  now  not  more  than  two  and  one-half  inches. 

Mexican.—  Letter  of  1st:  On  our  2000  level  the  main 
north  drift  has  been  extended  50  ft  during  the  past  week; 
total  length  from  our  south  line,  523  ft.  The  material 
passed  through  and  in  the  face  ia  hard  rock,  which  blasts 
well.  The  flow  of  water  from  this  drift  has  increased  to 
about  two  and  one-half  inches.  On  our  1600  level  the 
Union  Con.  joint  winze  has  been  sunk  and  timbered  12  ft; 
total  depth,  256  ft  on  the  slope.  No  change  in  material 
passed  through. 

Belcuer.— Letter  of  1st:  The  main  incline  has  now  at- 
tained a  depth  of  88  ft  below  the  2600  level,  having  been 
aunk  21  ft  the  past  week.  The  aouth  drift  on  the  2660 
levelis  in  a  distance  of  180  ft,  54  ft  having  been  added  the 
paBt  week.  Everything  in  and  about  the  mine  is  going 
along  emoothly,  and  crosscutting  can  be  commenced  any 
time.  In  the  course  of  about  two  months  the  main  in- 
cline will  be  deep  enough  to  admit  of  opening  another 
level. 

Halk  «fc  Norcross.— Letter  of  3d:  The  winze  from  our 
2000  east  drift  is  down  00  ft.  The  water  this  morning  is 
21  ft  below  the  2000  station. 

Exchequkr.— Letter  of  3d:  The  north  drift  haa  been  ex- 
tended during  the  past  week  20  ft;  total  length,  207  ft. 
The  formation  on  thiB  level  is  a  kind  of  vein  porphyry 
with  streaks  of  quartz. 

Gould  &,  Curry. -^Letter  of  2d:  During  the  week  cross- 
cut No.  4  west  was  extended  25  ft,  and  ia  now  in  por- 
phyry. Crosscut  No.  3  east  is  in  308  ft,  having  been  ad- 
vanced 25  ft  during  the  week;  the  face  is  in  hard  blasting 
rock.  East  joint  drift,  1700  level,  is  in  568  ft,  having 
made  38  ft.  The  face  ia  in  good  working  ground.  The 
Osbiaton  shaft  was  sunk  10  ft.  The  flow  of  water  con- 
tinues very  strong.     Total  depth  of  shaft,  485  ft. 

Savage.— Letter  of  3d:  No  work  has  been  done  in  the 
mine  for  the  past  week,  except  some  little  repairing  in  the 
vertical  shaft  and  incline.  We  have  disconnected  our 
donkey  pumps  and  have  allowed  the  water  to  raise  to  our 
tank,  40  ft  below  the  2000  level,  thereby  making  a  great 
saving  in  the  consumption  of  wood.  All  the  machinery  is 
in  good  working  order. 

Best  &  Belcuer.— Letter  of  2d:  Since  my  last  report 
weBt  crosscut  No.  3,  1900  level,  waB  advanced  24  ft,  and 
is  now  in  123  ft  from  the  winze.  The  face  is  atill  in  vein 
matter  but  shows  less  quartz.  The  1900  bvel  joint  winze 
is  down  to  the  2000  level,  and  the  station  cut  out  and 
timbered.  This  work  will  be  stopped  for  the  present. 
The  joint  drift,  1600.1evel,  was  extended  38  ft  and  la  now 
in  a  total  distance  of  568  ft.  The  face  is  in  easy  working 
ground  and  perfectly  dry.  Osbiston  shaft  is  down  486  ft, 
having  made  10  ft  during  the  week.  The  water  is  still 
strong. 

Con.  Imperial. — Letter  of  2d:  Our  station  chute  for 
south  winze  at  our  2000  level  has  been  finished  and  we  are 
now  drifting  north  and  south  on  thia  level.  Have  ad- 
vanced the  north  drift  10  ft.  The  south  drift  to  connect 
with  Jacket  2400  level  has  been  advanced  10  ft.  The 
formation  in  face  of  both  drifts  is  porphyry  with  streaks 
of  quartz.  We  are  also  engaged  in  repairing  and  altering 
the  station  at  our  2135  level  of  the  joint  winze,  No 
change  In  flow  of  water  from  the  face  of  joint  drift  east 
2400  level. 

Bullion.— Letter  of  3d:  On  last  Monday  connection 
was  made  between  our  2160  and  the  2000  level  of  the  Im- 
perial. This  connection  has  greatly  cooled  off  this  drift, 
the  temperature  falling  off  at  the  rate  of  one  and  half  per 
cent,  per  day.  We  will  put  this  level  in  order  as  rapidly 
as  pOBsible,  and  thia  week  will  commence  crosscutting 
east.  The  1840  level  has  been  cleaned  out  and  an  east 
crosscut  Btarted.  During  the  past  week  no  work  has 
been  done  in  the  incline,  it  being  deemed  not  advisable  to 
resume  sinking  until  the  new  air  compressor  is  in  place. 
The  excavation  for  the  foundation  of  the  new  air  com- 
pressor ia  completed  and  we  expect  to  have  the  entire 
work  completed  in  30  days. 

EUREKA  DISTRICT. 

The  Hamburg}.—  Sentinel,  Mar.  1:  The  intermediate 
drift,  130  ft  below  the  250  level,  waa  advanced  22  ft  during 
the  past  week  beyond  the  upraise,  following  the  vein, 
which  shovva  a  material  improvement,  and  is  yielding  a 
considerable  amount  of  good  ore.  On  the  600  level  the 
west  crosscut  was  advanced  15  ft;  making  a  total  from  the 
south  drift  of  150  ft,  with  no  special  change.  South  drift 
from  crosscut  advanced  18  ft,  making  a  total  of  85  ft;  is  in 
favorable  vein  matter,  with  bunches  of  iron  and  low-grade 
ore.  The  winze  was  sunk  nine  ft,  in  very  hard  rock,  but 
the  bottom  is  now  in  soft  material,  which  works  well.  On 
the  450  level  the  east  crosscut,  336  ft  north  of  turn-table, 
is  in  11  ft. 

The  Eureka  Con.— Work  has  been  carried  on  with  good 
progress  in  extending  drifts,  etc.,  there  having  been  204 
ft  completed  during  the  week.  The  new  pinion  is  in 
place,  and  hoisting  through  both  compartments  is  going 
on  as  usual.  Furnace  No,  3  has  started  up,  and  is  run- 
ning first-rate.  The  following  work  has  been  done  on  the 
several  levels:  Northeast  drift,  on  fifth  level,  from  cave 
continued  three  ft,  and  is  nowin  126  ft;  started  raise  from 
south  drift  andmade  10  ft.  East  drift,  on  seventh  level, 
from  chute  continued  13  ft,  and  is  now  in  1S9  ft.  West 
drift,  on  11th  level,  from  ore  chamber  continued  20  ft,  and 
is  now  in  89  ft.  East  drift,  on  12th  level,  from  crosscut 
No.  1  continued  27  ft,  and  is  now  in  364  ft.  East  drift 
from  crosscut  No.  2  continued  30  ft,  and  is  now  in  111  ft. 
Drift  from  raise  continued  25  ft,  and  is  now  in  145  ft. 
North  crosscut,  on  13th  level,  continued  42  ft,  and  is  now 
in  06  ft. 

Notes. — A  large  water  flume  is  being  built  by  the  K  K 
down  the  canyon  through  their  waste  dump.  About  200 
tons  of  ore  are  shipped  daily  by  the  Richmond,  El  Do- 
rado mine,  Prospect  mountain,  is  now  worked  on  lease  by 
six  men.  The  Silver  State  and  Original  Baltic  mineB  have 
been  bonded  to  some  Eureka  capitalists.  Rapid  progress 
is  being  made  on  the  Phoanix  incline.  The  Jackson  is  Btill 
shipping  its  UBual  quantity  and  quality  of  ore  to  the  Meta- 


i  Continued  on  page  156.] 


150 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[March  j8,  1879. 


On  Artesian  Wells. 

[Read  before  the  Section  of  Geology,  Mineralogy  and  Min- 
ing, by  Chas.  D.  Gibbhs,  December  14th,  1878.  J 

In  the  investigation  of  all  matters  of  natural 
science  tliere  is  none  of  more  importance  to  this 
State  than  the  supply  of  good  pure  water,  no.t 
only  adding  to  the  health  of  the  inhabitants  hut 
to  the  value  of  lands  on  the  arid  plains.  The 
subject  of  artesian  wells  is  a  very  important 
one  to  this  city  at  present,  and  I  hope  it  will 
receive  an  early  investigation  by  the  members 
of  our  section.  The  object  of  this  paper,  bow- 
ever,  is  not  to  make  a  report  on  artesian  wells, 
for  I  have  been  very  much  disappointed  in  ob- 
taining the  information  that  I  expected. 

In  1875  I  sent  out  circulars  to  most  of  the 
well-borers  in  the  State,  requesting  a  record  of 


region  sufficient  to  furnish  a  supply  for  the  city 
has  yet  been  struck.  It  is  possible  when  the 
drill  penetrates  through  the  sandstone  stratum 
into  the  other  cretaceous  rocka,  a  large  stream 
of  water  may  be  obtained;  but  none  from  the 
Sierra  Nevada  unless  we  reach  the  geological 
formation  of  that  region.  It  is  true  that  we 
have  a  good  supply  of  water  at  a  short  depth  in 
the  reservoirs  of  the  alluvial  deposit  underlying 
the  city,  but  they  appear  to  be  disconnected 
and  local  in  their  character,  as  I  willtendeavor 
to  show;  and  I  will  now  call  attention  to  a  few 
wells  represented  in  diagram  A  on  the  map 
marked  grade  of  Van  Ness  avenue.  It  extends 
from  Sacramento  street,  south  to  Market,  then 
on  to  Folsom.  The  elevation  being  marked 
above  at  the  intersection  of  the  streets,  and  the 
depth  of  the  wells  at  the  bottom  of  each. 
A— Grade  of  Van  Ness  Avenue. 
The  explanation  of  diagram  A  is  as  follows : 
1,  Market  street,  elevation  44  feet;  2,   old  well 


210  feet;  8,  LeaVenworth  street,  260  feet;  Jones 
street,  300  feet.  Lower  stratum  sandstone; 
next  indurated  sands  containing  water;  next 
clay;  and  upper  stratum  sand. 

This  is  a  cross  section  on  California  street 
from  Octavia  to  Jones  streets,  showing  the  rela- 
tive position  of  the  three  first  mentioned  wells, 
and  the  formations  through  which  they  have 


The  elevation  of  Octavia  street,  shown  to  the 
west,  is  280  feet;  that  of  Jones,  on  Clay  street 
hill  to  the  east,  is  300  feet;  and  Polk  street,  the 
lowest  in  the  basin,  is  160  feet.  The  Bradbury 
well,  in  the  center,  194  feet,  does  not  reach  the 
so-called  bedrock;  but  the  H  ay  ward  well  on  the 
east,  140  feet  deep,  and  the  Lyle  well  on  the 
west,  163  feet,  do  reach  it. 

This  bedrock  is  said  to  be  serpentine,  but  I 
have  not  been  able  to  obtain  any  specimens 
from  the  wells.  Mr.  Lyle,  however,  informs 
me  that  it  is  the   same   as   the  outcrop  on   the 


easterly  course  crossing  Gough  street  near  Jeffer- 
son square,    and    continued  on  to  McAllister 
street,  but  could  be  followed  no  further,  as  the 
ground  was  built  over  with  houses. 
Diagram  G. 

The  following  are  the  figures  on  diagram  Q; 
1,  Franklin  street,  170  feet;  2,  Gough  street, 
196  feet;  3,  Octavia  street,  200  feet;  4,  Laguna 
street,  180  feet.  From  1  to  2,  sand;  from  2  to 
3,  serpentine. 

At  the  cut  on  O'Farrell  street,  the  serpentine 
can  be  seen  with  an  easterly  dip  of  25°  or  30°; 
and  opposite,  on  the  east  side  of  Gough  street, 
is  a  sand  hill  40  or  50  feet  high.  I  was  informed 
by  a  man  who  said  that  be  had  lived  there  17 
years,  that  no  serpentine  was  ever  seen  west  of 
this  outcrop  for  a  long  distance. 
Wells  in  the  Bay. 

Artesian  wells  are  common  on  the  peninsula 
and  in  Santa  Clara  valley;  but  some  of  you  may 
not  be  aware  that  wells  have  also  been  sunk  in 


DIAGEAM    A-GRADE    OF    VAN  NESS    AVENUE. 


DIAGRAM  iB-CROSS-SECTlON    OF    CALIFORNIA    STREET, 
FROM    OCTAVIA    TO    JONES. 


the  different  wells  to  be  sent  to  me,  to  be  com- 
piled in  a  report  to  the  Academy.  Some  few 
answered,  saying  they  would  do  so  in  a  short 
time;  but  up  to  this  time  have  not  been  heard 
from.  I  therefore  merely  propose  to  state  a 
few  facts  that  have  come  under  my  observation; 
andj  although  not  a  geologist,  give  my  views  on 
the  subject,  with  the  hope  of  drawing  out  the 
opinion  of  other  members  who  are  better  qual- 
ified. 

First — what  is  an  artesian  well  ?  Webster's 
definition  is:  wells  made  by  boring  into  the 
earth  till  the  instrument  reaches  water,  which 
from  internal  pressure  flows  spontaneously  like 
a  fountain.  Ure  says:  under  this  name  is  des- 
ignated, a  cylindrical  perforation,  bored  verti- 
cally down  through  one  or  more  of  the  geolog- 
ical strata  of  the  earth,  till  it  passes  into  a 
porous  gravel  bed  containing  water,  placed  under 
such  incumbent  pressure  as  to  mate  it  mount 
up  through  the  perforation,  either  to  the   sur- 


at  City  Hall,  depth  195  feet;  3,  new  well  at 
City  Hall,  depth  ISO  feet;  4,  well  at  the  corner 
of  Van  Ness  avenue  and  McAllister  street,  130 
feet;  5,  well  at  the  corner  of  Van  Ness  avenue 
and  Sutter  street,  206  feet;  6,  wells  at  Sutter 
Street  Stables,  ISO  feet,  and  Casebolt,  152  feet; 
7,  wells  at  Chicago  Brewery,  166  feet;  Graves' 
well,  160  feet;  8,  sandstone;  9,  Bradbury  well, 
194  feet;  Lyle  well,  163  feet;  10,  Hayward 
well  at  the  corner  of  Sacramento  and  Polk 
streets,  140  feet;  11,  water  line;  12,  city  base; 
6.07  feet  above  mean  high  tide;  13,  13,  sea 
level. 

Commencing  at  the  corner  of  Sacramento  and 
Polk,  elevation,  170|feet,  is  the  Hayward  well, 
140  feet  deep,  the  bottom  being,  you  perceive, 
30  feet  above  the  city  base.  The  elevation  at 
California  and  Van  Ness  is  ISO  feet.  On  the 
the  east  side  a  little  below  the  grade  is  the 
Bradbury  well,  194  feet  deep,  the  bottom  being 
about  20  feet  below  the  base.     Opposite,  on  the 


hills.  He  also  says  that  his  well  passed  through 
the  following  strata:  sand,  30  feet;  clay,  53  feet; 
and  what  is  called  sandstone,  SO  feet.  In  this 
sandstone  the  water  percolates,  and  the  pipe 
through  the  sandstone  being  perforated,  the 
water  rises  in  it,  but  it  does  not  come  to  the 
surface.  In  his  well  it  is  56  feet  below  the  sur- 
face, and  in  others  about  the  same  level.  It  is 
represented  in  the  diagrams  by  a  blue  line 
across  the  wells.  The  sandstone  forms  a  reser- 
voir. There  is  certainly  no  stream  at  the  bot- 
tom. 

Mr.  Lyle's  tank  holds  16,000  gallons,  and  is 
filled  in  11  hours  by  pumping  with  a  hot  air 
engine;  and  the  supply  appears  to  be  the  same. 

Diagram  F 

Represents  a  section  between  Octavia  and 
Gough  streets.  On  examining  the  outcrop  oa 
the  hill  at  Gough  street,  between  Sacramento 
and  California  streets,  I  find  it  to  be  sandstone, 


VERTICAL.   AQQQ  FEET3 
DIAGRAM  D-WELL  ON  NORRIS  GRANT 
Depth,  2,107  Feet. 

the  bay  of  San  Francisco.  The  enterprising 
firm  of  Morgan  &  Co.,  87  California  market, 
have  oyster  beds  at  suitable  locations  on  the  west 
side  of  the  bay,  for  a  distance  of  17  to  18  miles. 
Each  location  is  fenced  in  to  keep  the  sting  ray 
from  eating  the  young  oyster,  of  which  about 
10  car-loads  are  imported  from  the  East  every 
spring  and  planted  in  these  beds.  The  size  of 
the  young  oyster  varies  from  half  an  inch  or 
more.  The  firm  have  three  stations,  at  which 
men  are  employed  to  take  care  of  the  oyster 
beds.  One  is  opposite  Millbrae,  about  three- 
quarters  of  a  mile  from  the  shore,  consisting  of 
a  wharf  about  20  feet  high,  with  a  house  on  it, 
and  is  called  the  Millbrae  station.  The  next  is 
Belmont  station,  on  a  small  island  at  the 
entrance  of  Steinbergen's  creek,  opposite  Bel- 
mont. The  third  is  Dumbarton  station, 
about  one  mile  south  of  Dumbarton  wharf,  and 
over  a  mile  east  of  the  western  shore.  There  is 
also  a  wharf  about  20  feet  above  the   bottom  of 


U£BItGAB      b 


DIAGRAM    C-CROSS-SECTION    FROM    SAN    FRANCISCO    TO    STOCKTON    AND    FOOTHILLS    OF    THE    SIERRA    NEVADA. 


face  or  to  a  hight  convenient  for  the  operation 
of  a  pump. 

The  hot  springs  that  flow  out  to  the  surface 
in  many  parts  of  the  world,  rising  from  great 
depths,  are  natural  artesian  wells.  The  first 
overflowing  wells  were  made  in  the  French 
province  of  Artois  (Latin  Artesium),  whence  the 
name  of  artesian.  They  have  long  been  in  use 
in  that  country. 

Wells  in  San  Francisco. 

The  city  base  from  which  the  elevation  of  the 
streets  is  reckoned,  is  the  level  of  the  wharves 
ou  the  city  front,  it  being  six  feet  and  seven- 
tenths  above  mean  high  tide  or  level  of  the  sea, 


west  side,  and  about  10  feet  above  the  grade  is 
the  Lyle  well,  163  feet  deep,  the  bottom  being 
about  27  feet  above  the  city  base.  I  call  at- 
tention more  particularly  to  these  three  wells 
as  they  are  shown  in  another  diagram.  Next 
are  the  following  wells:  Graves',  corner  Van 
Ness  and  Pine,  elevation  180,  depth  160;  Chi- 
cago Brewery,  Pine  near  Polk,  elevation  about 
153,  depth  166;  Sutter  Street  Stables,  corner  of 
Polk  and  Bush,  elevation  142,  depth  180;  Case- 
bolt's,  corner  of  Larkrnand  Bush,  elevation  150, 
depth  152;  corner  of  Van  Ness  and  Sutter,  ele- 
vation 162,  well  206  feet;  corner  of  Van  Ness 
and  McAllister,    elevation  58,  well   130;  City 


(see  specimen  marked  A).  This  sandstone  must 
be  the  bedrock  of  the  basin  ;  clay  and  sand  are 
also  seen  above  it. 

The  explanation  of  diagram  F  is  as  follows: 
1,  Fulton  street,  67  feet;  2,  McAllister  street, 
70  feet;  3,  Tyler  street,  81  feet;  4,  Turk  street, 
102  feet;  5,  Eddy  street,  140  feet;  6,  Ellis 
street,  16S  feet;  7,  O'Farrell  street,  200  feet; 
8,  Geary  street,  200  feet;  9,  Post  street,  200 
feet;  Sutter  street,  220  feet;  10,  Bush  street, 
220  feet;  11,  Pine  street,  240  feet;  12,  Cali- 
fornia street,  280  feet;  13,  Sacramento  street, 
320  feet.  From  1  to  7,  serpentine;  from  7  to 
13,  sandstone. 


DIAGRAM    F-SECTION    BETWEEN    OCTAVIA    AND    GOUGH    STREETS. 


and  the  grade  is  given  on  a  large  map  of  the 
city,  at  the  intersection  of  the  streets. 

From  the  information  published  in  the  Call 
and  what  I  have  been  able  to  collect,  water  has 
been  obtained  at  a  depth  of  from  SO  to  360  feet, 
which  is  the  deepest  well  in  the  city  of  which 
we  have  any  record,  although  there  may  be 
others  deeper.  This  well  is  at  the  Pacific  Iron 
Works  on  First  street  (which  is  but  a  few  feet 
above  the  sea  level),  yet  it  affords  less  water 
than  many  wells  only  140  or  150  feet  deep, 

Although  the  supply  from  each  well  in  the 
city  is  ample  for  the  purpose  for  which  it  was 
constructed,  yet  in  comparison  with  the  depth 
and  amount  of  water  furnished  by  some  wells, 
it  is  mere  prospecting;  for  as  yet  no  large  stream 
with  a  good  head  or  known  source  in  an  elevated 


Hall,  elevation  about  50  feet — old  well  195 
feet,  new  well  180;  Stevens'  well,  corner  [if. 
Folsom  and  Eleventh  streets,  elevation  16  fefctj' 
depth  144  feet. 

These  wells  are  also  shown  in  their  relative 
position  on  a  city  map,  by  red  circles.  Van 
Ness  avenue,  by  a  black  line;  Octavia,  Jones 
and  Sacramento,  by  red  lines;  Market  street,  by 
a  green. 

Diagram  B. 

Explanation  of  figures  in  diagram  B:  1, 
Octavia  street,  elevation  above  city  base, 
280  feet;  2,  Gough  street,  270  feet;  3,  Franklin 
street,  220  feet;  Lyle  well,  163  feet;  4,  Van 
Ness  avenue,  ISO  feet;  Bradbury  well,  194  feet; 
Hayward  well,  140  feet;  6,  Polk  street,  160 
feet;  Larkin  street,  180  feet;  7,    Hyde   street, 


DIAGRAM-G. 

The  specimen  marked  B,  is  from  the  new  well 
at  the  City  Hall ;  this  is  the  stratum  in  which 
the  water  is  found  ;  and  is  called  by  the  well- 
borer,  sandstone,  but  it  is  only  indurated  sand  ; 
and  Mr.  Bradbury  says  that  it  is  similar  to  the 
water-bearing  stratum  of  his  well. 

Following  Octavia  south  from  Sacramento 
street,  the  sandstone  can  be  traced  to  Geary 
street,  and  on  the  south  of  Geary,  the  outcrop 
of  sandstone  is  about  25  feet  high  ;  but  on 
O'Farrell,  the  next  street  south,  the  first  ser- 
pentine is  to  be  found  (see  specimen  C);  this  is 
six  blocks  from  California  street.  The  street  is 
here  cut  through  it,  leaving  a  wall  on  each  side 
25  or  30  feet  high,  and  underlying  the  sand- 
stone hill  south  of  Geary  street. 

This    serpentine    was    followed  in    a  south- 


the  bay,  and  has  a  house  on  it.  In  August, 
1878,  a  well  was  bored  at  this  station,  212  feet 
deep  from  the  top  of  the  wharf  ;  it  discharges  a 
stream  of  good,  sweet  drinking  water  two  feet 
above  the  wharf,  and  is  supposed  would  rise 
much  higher  if  the  pipe  was  carried  up.  The 
water  of  the  bay  at  the  wharf,  is  10  feet  deep  at 
mean  high  tide,  and  overflows  the  salt  marsh  a 
foot  or  more  ;  so  that  we  may  call  the  flow  of 
the  well  at  10  to  12  feet  above  the  marsh. 

Construction  of  the  Well. 

The  well  is  constructed  in  the  following 
manner  :  Of  No.  16  black  iron  artesian  well 
pipe,  11  inches  in  diameter  and  2  feet  in  length; 
also  another  a  size  larger  to  slip  overJ  the  first, 
and  break  the  joints  a  foot  each  way.  This 
double  pipe  was  lowered  down  through  the 
water  and  mud  42  feet  from  the  top  of  the 
wharf,  and  sunk  into  the  clay  a  foot  or  more  ; 
the  water  and  mud  is  now  pumped  out ;  and 
two  smaller  double  pipes,  one  of  nine  inches  and 
the  other  of  seven  inches  diameter,  and  made  in 
the  same  manner,  are  inserted.  The  spaces 
between  the  three  pipes  are  filled  with  cement, 
forming  a  solid  pipe  of  six  thickness  of  iron  and 
two  spaces  of  cement  ;  and  the  boring  of  the 
well  is  now  commenced.  The  space  between 
the  seven  and  nine-inch  pipes,  however,  is  not 
filled  with  cement  until  the  well  is  finished,  as 
the  pipe  has  to  follow  the  auger.  This,  well, 
like  those  in  the  Santa  Clara  valley,  6  to  10 
miles  distant  from  tide  water,  is  affected  by,  or 
rather,  rises  and  falls  at  the  same  time  as  the 
tide.  The  hight  of  the  rise  and  fall  at  Dum- 
barton have  not  yet  been  determined  for  want 
of  proper  pipe. 

Phenomena. 

On  Saturday  night,  September  28th,  this 
well  at  the  Dumbarton  station  commenced  to 
discharge  muddy  water,  and  continued  doing  so 
two  days  or  more ;  which  it  had  never  done 
before  ;  it  is  now  flowing  as  usual.  On  Sunday 
the  29th,  about  6  P.  M.  (20  or  24  hours  later), 
you  will  remember  a  strong  shock  of   an   earth- 


[Continued  on  page  153.] 


March  8,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


151 


T^E     ENqiNEE^. 


Locomotives  Without  Fire. 

Machines  on  the  above-named  principle  are 
now  at  work  on  the  tramway  from  Kcuell  to 
Marly,  near  Paris,  and  with  very  satisfactory 
results.  The  system  in  use  is  one  introduced 
by  M.  Francy,  an  engineer,  and  is  based  on  the 
fact  that  water  boils  at  a  lower  temperature 
proportionately  to  the  production  of  the  atmos- 
pheric pressure.  Most  of  our  readers  are  aware 
that  although  water  requires  a  heat  of  212° 
Fahr.  to  boil  at  the  level  of  the  sea,  a  much 
lower  temperature  is  sufficient  to  produce  the 
same  effect  ou  the  top  of  a  mountain  We  will 
now  explain  how  that  physiological  fact  is  prac- 
tically employed.  luto  a  reservoir  of  thin 
steel — we  cannot  call  it  a  boiler,  for  it  has 
neither  fireplace  nor  fire — is  introduced  water 
at  a  temperature  of  200'"  Fahr.,  and  then  covered 
hermetically.  The  steam  it  gives  off  at  once 
fills  up  the  superincumbent  space,  and  produces 
a  pressure  of  15  atmospheres.  As  long  as  any 
of  the  vapor  is  turned  on  for  moving  the  ma- 
chine, the  pressure  is  reduced,  and  the  water 
then  begins  to  boil,  producing  a  fresh  supply  of 
steam.  Of  course,  that  process  is  of  but  limited 
extent,  as,  at  the  commencement,  the  liquid 
only  contaiued  a  certain  amount  of  heat,  which 
is  gradually  diminished  as  the  reproduction  of 
steam  takeB  place  at  lower  temperature  by  the 
exhaustion  of  the  superincumbent  pressure. 
So  far,  a  machine  of  this  description  would  be 
obviously  totally  inadequate  to  any  very  pro- 
longed journey.  But  for  short  transits  it  has 
baen  found  extremely  serviceable.  As  the 
amount  of  pressure  required  to  work  the  engine 
is  only  rive  atmospheres,  a  Beries  of  valves  are 
so  arranged  as  to  prevent  a  greater  amount  of 
force  issuing  from  the  reservoir  than  is  neces- 
sary, and  thus  retaining,  as  far  as  possible,  the 
heat  originally  contained  in  the  water.  The 
driving  part  of  the  machinery  is  nearly  identical 
with  that  of  ordinary  locomotives,  with  a  few 
modifications  with  the  purpose  of  guarding 
against  useless  waste  of  the  heat  originally  in- 
troduced into  the  reservoir. — Qalignam'a  Mee- 
wnger. 

Excavations  and  Foundations  in  Sand. 
M.  Plocq  has  published  an  interesting  paper  upon 
the  recent  harbor  improvements  at  Dankirque 
and  Grovelines.  There  are  10  sluices  for  con- 
trolling the  fresh  and  salt  waters  of  the  districts 
for  various  purposes  of  maritime  and  domestic 
economy,  as  well  as  for  the  wants  of  the  military 
service  and  for  defensive  operations  in  time  of 
war.  The  sluices  are  built  in  a  soil  which  is 
wholly  made  up  of  a  pure  sand  of  flour-like 
fineness,  reaching  to  a  depth  of  from  50  to  65 
feet  below  the  lowest  tidal  levels.  The  works 
were  all  executed  by  the  help  of  coffer  dams,  in 
preference  to  dredging,  and  the  preparations 
were  so  thorough  that  it  was  always  easy  to 
work  in  dry  sand  even  at  the  lowest  foundation 
levels.  The  total  cost  was  less  than  half  what 
it  would  have  been  by  the  old  method  of  dredg- 
ing, and  the  saving  of  time  was  in  about  the 
same  ratio. — Ann.  des  Ponts  et  Chaws.. 


UsEfdL     [fJfQE\[*r\yiQN. 


Cutting  Glass. 

For  cutting  fiat  glass,  such  as  window-panes, 
and  for  cutting  rounds  or  ovals  out  of  flat  glass, 
the  diamond  is  the  best  tool,  and  if  the  operator 
has  no  diamond  it  will  always  pay  to  carry  the 
job  to  a  glazier  rather  than  waste  time  aud  make 
a  poor  job  by  other  and  inferior  means.  When, 
however,  it  is  required  to  cut  off  a  very  little 
from  a  circle  or  oval,  the  diamoud  is  not  avail- 
able, except  in  very  skillful  hands.  In  this 
case  a  pair  of  pliers  softened  by  heatiug,  or 
very  dull  scissors,  is  the  best  tool,  and  the  cut- 
ting is  best  performed  under  water.  A  little 
practice  will  enable  the  operator  to  shape  a 
small  round  or  oval  with  great  rapidity,  ease 
and  precision.  When  bottles  or  flasks  are  to  be 
cut,  the  diamond  is  still  the  best  tool  in  skillful 
hands;  but  ordinary  operators  will  succeed  best 
with  pastiles,  or  a  red-hot  poker  with  a  pointed 
end.  The  latter  is  preferred,  as  being  the  most 
easily  obtained  and  the  most  efficient;  and  there 
is  no  difficulty  in  cutting  off  broken  flasks  so  as 
to  make  dishes,  or  to  carry  a  cut  spirally  round 
a  long  bottle  so  as  to  cut  it  into  the  form  of  a 
cork-screw.  And,  when  so  cut,  glasB  exhibits 
considerable  elasticity,  and  the  spiral  may  he 
elongated  like  a  ringlet.  The  process  is  very 
simple.  The  line  of  the  cut  should  be  marked 
by  chalk  or  by  pasting  a  thin  strip  of  paper 
alongside  of  it ;  then  make  a  file  mark  to  com- 
mence the  cut ;  apply  the  hot  iron  and  a  crack 
will  start ;  aud  this  crack  will  follow  the  iron 
wherever  we  choose  to  lead  it.  Iu  this  way  jars 
are  easily  made  out  of  old  bottles,  and  broken 
vessels  of  different  kinds  may  be  cut  up  into 
new  forms.  Flat  glass  may  also  be  cut  into  the 
most  intricate  and  elegant  forms.  The  red-hot 
iron  is  far  superior  to  strings  wet  with  turpen- 
tine, friction,  etc. 

The  Manufacture  of  Curtain  Rings. — In 
the  ordinary  process  of  pressing  or  stamping 
brass,  as  in  making  curtain  rings,  the  surface 
cannot  be  raised  by  one  blow;  it  requires  a  suc- 
cession of  blows.  This,  however,  would  make 
it  brittle  if  it  were  not  prevented  by  annealing 
the  metal  from  time  to  time.  In  the  process  of 
annealing  it  becomes  coated  with  black  scale, 
which  can  be  detached  by  means  of  aqua  fortis. 
The  process  of  "dead-dipping"  to  obtain  a  dull 
surface,  is  conducted  by  dipping  the  annealed 
metal  iu  aqua  fortis  (one  part  of  aqua  fortis  to 
four  of  water)  till  the  black  scale  rubs  off  easily; 
hen,  after  washing  in  water,  it  is  dipped  into  acid 
of  double  the  strength.  This  acid  will  attack 
the  metal  aud  form  a  green  layer  on  the  surface, 
which  really  consists  of  bubbles  of  gas.  When 
it  is  well  coated  it  is  taken  out  and  washed  and 
rubbed  with  cold  sawdust,  and  without  remov- 
ing the  adhering  sawdust  is  plunged  into  the 
strongest  acid.  It  is  taken  out  of  this  almost 
immediately,  and  washed  in  water  containing 
cream  of  tartar  dissolved,  and  is  lastly  placed 
in  hot  sawdust. 


Elevated  Railways  not  Detrimental. — 
Instead  of  proving  the  terrible  detriment  to 
property  which  was  predicted,  the  elevated 
railways  in  New  York  city,  seem  to  be  conceded 
to  have  greatly  increased  trade  on  the  streets 
upon  which  they  run.  So  marked  ia  the  move- 
ment of  the  retail  busineaa  from  Broadway  to 
Sixth  avenue,  that  heavy  property  owners  on 
the  former  thoroughfare  are  inclining  to  the 
opinion  that  they  must  have  an  elevated  road 
also.  The  complaints  in  regard  to  the  noise  of 
the  trainB  seem  to  have  nearly  ceased,  while  the 
hundreds  of  thousands  of  people  who  reside  in 
the  upper  part  of  the  city  are  full  of  gratitude 
for  the  vast  improvement  in  the  means  of  trans- 
portation. 

New  Tailings  Dredger.— The  Golden  State 
and  Miners'  Foundry,  of  this  city,  has  recently 
completed  a  vacuum  dredger  for  the  Slate  Creek 
mining  company.  The  dredger,  built  at  a  cost 
of  §20,000,  will  be  used  in  dredging  the  streams 
in  the  northern  part  of  the  State  into  which  the 
tailings  and  debris  of  the  past  20  years  or  more 
have  been  run.  The  dredger  takes  up  the  earth 
by  means  of  a  bell-shaped  box,  from  which  the 
air  is  exhausted  by  means  of  condensed  steam, 
and  is  capable  of  lifting  200  square  yards  of 
earth  per  hour.  The  earth  will  be  dumped  into 
short  sluice-ways,  conveniently  arranged  and 
treated  in  the  usual  manner. 


The  Great  Hungarian  Tunnel. — Ou  the 
21st  of  October  the  great  Josef  adit  at  Schemnitz 
in  Hungary  was  opened.  The  works  have  been 
carried  on  since  1872,  the  Hungarian  govern- 
ment granting  £10,000  a  year  toward  them. 
The  adit  is  over  10  miles  long,  being  some  50 
yards  longer  than  the  Mount  Cenis  Tunnel.  The 
total  cost  of  the  undertaking  was  £459,900;  it 
was  carried  out  entirely  by  Hungarian  enter. 
prise,  and  partly  with   Hungarian  machinery- 

Engineers  are  at  work  running  the  line  for 
the  narrow-gauge  railroad  on  the  east  side  of  the 
San  Lorenzo  river. 


A  Vegetable  Green  for  Confectioners. — 
It  appears,  according  to  one  of  our  French  ex- 
changes, that  from  the  grains  of  raw  coffee 
there  may  be  extracted  a  beautiful  green  color- 
ing matter  adapted  to  all  the  purposes  of  the 
cook  and  confectioner,  and  which  will  un- 
doubtedly prove  of  great  value  as  a  commercial 
product,  inasmuch  as  the  number  of  green 
colors  suitable  for  such  uses,  and  which  are  not 
poisonous,  is  very  limited.  According  to  M. 
Zech,  who  describes  the  process  of  extraction, 
the  coloring  matter  is  obtained  in  the  following 
way:  The  coffee  grains  are  crushed  and  the  oil 
is  extracted  by  means  of  ether;  they  are  then 
dried  and  agitated  with  the  white  of  eggs,  so  as 
to  form  a  sort  of  paste,  and  the  latter  is  exposed 
for  several  days  to  the  air.  The  presence  of  the 
white  of  eggs  then  determines  the  appearance  of 
an  emerald  green.  A  simpler  process  is  to 
merely  moisten  the  crushed  and  desiccated 
coffee  berries  with  water,  expose  them  three  or 
four  days  to  the  air,  and  extract  the  coloring 
matter  by  means  of  alcohol. 

A  New  Writing  Multiplier. — A  new  ar- 
rangement for  multiplying  writing,  called  the 
hectograph,  has  recently  been  invented  in  Ger- 
many. The  hectograph  consists  of  a  flat  Bheet- 
iron  box  filled  with  a  gluey  mass,  upon  which, 
after  moistening  and  drying  it  several  times,  a 
sheet  of  paper,  written  upon  with  a  specially 
prepared  ink,  is  placed  and  lightly  rubbed  with 
the  hand.  When  the  paper  is  raised  the  writ- 
ing is  found  to  be  transferred  reversed  to  the 
film  of  glue,  and  from  that  film,  by  simply 
placing  pieces  of  dry  paper  upon  it  and  rubbing 
them,  some  50  impressions  of  the  writing  can  be 
taken  in  a  short  time.  The  negative  impression 
can  easily  be  removed  from  the  film  by  washing 
with  warm  water,  and  the  latter  can  be  used 
over  and  over  again  for  a  long  time. 


How  to  See  the  Wind.— Take  a  polished 
metallic  surface  of  two  feet  or  more,  with  a 
straight  edge — a  large  hand-saw  will  answer  the 
purpose.  Take  a  windy  day,  whether  hot  or 
cold,  clear  or  cloudy,  only  let  it  not  rain  or  the 
air  bo  murky;  in  other  words  let  the  air  be  dry 
and  clear,  but  this  is  not  essential.  Hold  your 
metallic  surface  at  right  angles  to  the  direction 
of  the  wind — s.  c,  if  the  wind  is  north,  hold 
your  surface  east  and  west,  but  instead  of  hold- 
ing the  surface  vertical,  incline  it  about  45  to 
the  horizon,  so  that  the  wind  striking  glances 
and  flows  over  the  edge  (keeping  it  straight)  as 
water  over  a  dam.  Now  sightcarefully  over  the 
edge  at  some  minute  and  sharply  defined  object, 
and  you  will  see  the  air  flow  over  as  water 
Sows  over  a  dam.  Make  your  observations 
carefully,  and  you  will  hardly  fail  to  see  the 
air,  no  matter  how  cold;  the  result  ia  even  bet- 
ter when  the  sun  is  obscured. 


Oisi'KK  Wool. — A  German  writer  relates  his 
experience  with  cinder  wool  as  an  anti-heat 
conductor  for  steam  pipes,  which  tends  to  show 
that  it  is  by  no  means  indifferent  from  what 
material  the  wool  is  made.  After  the  pipes  had 
been  covered  with  wool  for  two  years,  they 
wero  found  to  be  much  corroded,  and  the 
woolly  libers  had  become  a  sintered  mass  re- 
sembling mortar,  a  change  which  is  probably 
due  to  the  action  of  sulphide  of  calcium. 


Qood   HEA.LTH' 


Excessive   Brain  Work. 

One  of  the  clergymen  of  Worcester,  Mass.,  in 
the  course  of  a  sermon  recently,  uttered  the  fol- 
lowing cautionary  suggestions  in  regard  to  im- 
moderate brain  work  : 

"  It  is  a  lesson  we  are  all  slow  to  learn — one 
that  has  to  be  enforced  by  an  occasional  thril- 
ling fact — that  the  most  robust  physique  has  its 
limit  of  exertion,  that  well  compacted  and 
toughened  mental  fiber  may  succumb  to  undue 
stress  at  a  single  point.  A  piece  of  steel  wire 
can  bear  only  a  given  amount  of  longitudinal 
tension.  Beyond  that  limit  it  snaps.  By  the 
annealing  process  of  intense  Btudy  or  applica- 
tion to  exacting  business  a  man's  brain  gets 
toughened.  It  can  bear  an  immense,  prolonged 
strain,  but  there  is  an  unknown  terminus  of 
your  powers;  exceed  that  point  and  the  subtle 
thread  of  reason  snaps.  A  ruptured  capillary 
on  the  brain  paralvzes  that  center  of  thought, 
and  the  stalwart,  brilliant  man  of  yesterday, 
full 'of  hope,  projecting  grand  schemes,  the 
pillar  of  strength  to  his  family,  the  pride  of 
many,  the  possible  envy  of  more,  is  to  day  an 
enfeebled  or  quite  broken  down  victim  of  in- 
temperate brain  work.  You  might  charge  me 
with  au  exaggerated  idea  of  the  perils  of  over- 
exertion among  business  men,  did  not  facts 
justify  all  I  have  suggested.  Have  we  not  seen 
some  of  the  brightest  stars  in  the  Cluster  of 
enterprising  citizens,  of  which  we  are  justly 
proud,  wander  from  their  orbit  of  reason  and 
pass,  unless  God  shall  disappoint  our  fears,  into 
the  shadow  of  permanent  mental  eclipse  ?  The 
saddest  feature  of  this  phenomenon  is  that  it 
seems  to  fall  upon  the  highly  organized,  gener- 
ous, sympathetic  natures  first.  A  cold-blooded, 
grasping  Shylock,  who  cares  little  for  the  good 
name  so  highly  prized  by  another,  appears  to 
be  in  jio  danger  of  such  a  calamity.  Better  far 
to  confess  poverty,  be  an  honest  bankrupt,  than 
be  broken  down  in  body  or  mind  under  too  great 
exertion  to  avoid  the  calamity.  With  emotionB 
of  unspeakable  pity  for  every  man  harassed  by 
his  unsatisfactory  affairs,  I  turn  to  expostulate 
with  the  coming  generation.  Keep  a  sound 
mind  in  a  sound  body.  Do  be  contented  with 
'things  honest, '  with  comfortable  mediocrity. 
Husband  the  stock  of  physical  and  mental  life 
God  has  given  you,  that  you  may  not  grow  pre- 
maturely old — useless  before  your  time." 


Prof.  Feser,  contrary  to  the  generally  ac 
cepted  verdict,  announces,  as  the  result  of  a 
long  series  of  experiments,  that  salicylic  acid 
hafl  no  value  either  has  a  prophylactic  or  in  the 
treatment  of  infectious  diseases,  carbuncles,  etc, 


Requirements  of  a  Good  Boiler  Water. — 
Mr.  W.  F.  K.  Stock,  in  a  recent  communication 
to  the  Chemical  Neivs,  defines  the  requirements 
of  a  good  boiler  water  in  the  following  terms: 
It  should  be  characterized  by:  1.  Freedom 
from  any  very  appreciable  quantity  of  suspended 
mineral  matter.  2.  Absence  of  any  trace  of 
mineral  acids,  or  of  acid  salts,  or  corrosive  salts 
of  any  kind.  3.  Absence  of  oily  or  fatty  sub- 
stancesof  any  kind.  4.  And,  finally,  a  good  boiler 
water  should  not  contain  more  than  30  grains  of 
solid  matter  per  gallon,  and  not  more  than  the 
half  of  this  quantity  Bhould  precipitate  on  boil 
ing  under  pressure. 


Care  of  the  Health. — Health,  by  some  emi- 
nent writer,  has  been  described  as  "  the  pool' 
man's  blessing — the  rich  man's  bliss."  With  it 
the  most  brilliant  endowment  of  mind,  the  most 
careful  and  thorough  culture,  are  of  little  ac- 
count in  a  life-career.  Iu  this  view  early  instruc- 
tion in  all  that  appertains  to  our  physical  well 
being  is  of  prime  importance.  The  earnestness 
with  which  some  men  have  stood  forth  in  the 
van  of  this  cause  will  be  better  understood  and 
appreciated  in  the  future  than  it  is  to-day.  A 
distinguished  physician  pertinently  said,  in  a 
recent  discussion:  "Modern  science,  in  connec- 
tion with  the  most  advanced  views  of  education, 
is  teaching  us  more  and  more  every  year,  the 
importance  of  good  health — of  a  sound  consti- 
tution, in  order  to  secure  the  highest  success  in 
life ;  and  this  depends  very  much  upon  the 
proper  care  and  training  of  the  body  in  youth. 
It  is  becoming  evident  that  physical  culture  is 
to  occupy  a  far  more  prominent  position  in  all 
our  systems  of  education  than  heretofore,  and 
must  ere  long  be  introduced  in  some  form  into 
the  regular  exercises  of  all  our  schools,  semi- 
naries, and  higher  institutions  of  learning.  We 
venture  this  prediction,  that  in  no  department 
of  education  will  there  be  greater  improvement 
for  the  next  50  years,  than  in  a  more  perfect 
development  of  the  human  system  and  harmony 
of  function,  between  the  laws  that  govern  both 
the  mind  and  the  body." 


Constipation. 

It  is  doubtful  if  consumption  numbers  as 
many  victims  that  arc  stricken  down  by  the  va- 
rious diseases  that  result  from  habitual  consti- 
pation. True  consumption  is  an  inherited  dis- 
ease. It  may  remain  always  dormant,  but  when 
aroused  to  action,  decay  commences  at  a  point 
circumscribed,  and  gradually  extends — uuless 
arrested — until  so  much  of  the  lungs  become  in- 
volved that  vital  action  ceases.  The  evils  of 
COI)Btipation  result  from  inattention  to  the  calls 
of  nature,  and  usually  commence  with  children 
whose  habits  are  not  closely  looked  to  by  their 
parents.  The  processes  of  nature  are  always 
active  while  life  lasts.  When  effete  matter  is 
retained  a  moment  beyond  the  time  its  expul- 
sion is  demanded,  the  system  commences  its 
efforts  to  get  rid  of  it.  When  the  natural  egress 
is  checked,  the  absorbents  carry  the  more  fluid 
portions  of  the  poisonous  mass  into  the  circula- 
tion, and  it  becomes  diffused  throughout  the 
body.  The  more  solid  or  clay-like  portion  is 
forced  into  the  lower  rectum  where  it  becomes 
firmly  impacted,  thus  cutting  off  the  circulation 
in  the  small  blood  vessels,  causing  painful  en- 
gorgement known  as  piles  and  hemorrhoids.  A 
continuance  of  these  troubles  often  results  in 
fissure,  fistula,  or  cancer.  The  trouble  is  sel- 
dom confined  here.  As  a  result  of  the  blood 
poisoning  we  almost  invariably  find  more  or 
less  dyspepsia,  with  decided  derangement  of 
the  functions  of  the  heart,  liver  and  kidneys, 
accompained  by  headache  aud  nervous  debility, 
often  verging  on  paralysis. 


Arsenic  in  Starch — A  Singular  Case  of 
Poisoning. — For  some  weeks  past  a  local  physi- 
cian has  been  attending  a  young  lady  who  has 
exhibited  every  possible  indication  of  arsenic 
poison.  Her  appetite  failed  her,  and  her  face 
became  of  a  ghastly  pallor,  while  the  features 
were  bloated  and  the  eyes  watery,  with  swelling 
of  the  lower  limbs.  Day  by  day  her  body  was 
racked  with  intense  pain,  and  finally  her  condi- 
tion became  so  unendurable  that  she  almost 
longed  for  death  to  put  an  end  to  her  sufferings. 
The  physician  was  satisfied  from  the  beginning 
that  she  was  afflicted  with  some  disease  pro- 
duced by  arsenic  poison.  But  the  most  rigid 
investigation  failed  to  reveal  in  what  possible 
way  it  could  have  been  administered  to  her. 
Her  food  was  inspected,  the  water  she  drank 
was  most  carefully  selected  from  the  wells, 
where  no  impurity  by  any  means  could  find  its 
way  to  it.  By  the  merest  accident  in  the 
world  the  cause  of  this  remarkable  condition 
was  discovered.  The  doctor  happened  to  be 
present  when  the  young  lady's  clothes  were 
brought  from  the  wash.  The  singular  luster  of 
the  linen  struck  him  as  remarkable.  He  inquir- 
ed who  did  that  washing,  and  was  told  that  an 
old  negro  woman  whose  great  skill  in  polishing 
linen  made  her  very  popular  with  the  girls. 
The  doctor  thought  he  was  now  on  the  road  to 
the  discovery,  and  concluded  for  the  nonce  to 
play  an  amateur  detective.  He  visited  the  old 
woman,  and  soon  learned  that  her  "polish"  was 
produced  by  the  use  of  arsenic  in  the  starch. 
Then  the  whole  case  was  plain.  The  girl  was 
afflicted  by  arsenic  poison,  produced  by  absorb- 
tion.  Being  of  a  peculiar  temperament  and 
organization,  she  incurred  a  danger  which 
others  might  have  escaped.  Respiration  aided 
it,  and  her  bodily  susceptibility  to  the  fatal 
drug  conspired  to  produce  the  dangerous  condi- 
tion which  has  just  been  detailed. — Denver 
[Col)  News. 


Poultices. — The  common  practice  in  making 
poultices  of  mixing  the  linseed-meal  with  hot 
water,  and  applying  them  directly  to  the  skin, 
is  quite  wrong;  because,  if  we  do  not  wish  to 
burn  the  patient,  we  mnst  wait  until  a  great 
portion  of  the  heat  has  been  lost.  The  proper 
method  is  to  take  a  flannel  bag  (the  Bize  of  the 
poultice  required);  to  fill  this  with  the  linseed 
poultice  as  hot  as  it  can  possibly  be  made,  and 
to  put  between  this  and  the  skin  a  second  piece 
of  flannel,  so  that  there  shall  be  at  least  two 
thicknesses  of  flannel  between  the  skin  and  the 
poultice  itself.  Above  the  poultice  should  be 
placed  more  flannel,  or  a  piece  of  cotton 
wool,  to  prevent  it  from  getting  cold.  Hy  this 
method  we  are  able  to  apply  the  linseed-meal 
boiling  hot,  without  burning  the  patient,  and 
the  heat,  gradually  diffusing  through  the  flan- 
nel, affords  a  grateful  sense  of  relief  which  can- 
not be  obtained  by  any  other  means.  There  are 
few  ways  in  which  such  marked  relief  is  given 
to  abdominal  pain  as  by  the  application  of  a 
poultice  in  this  manner. 


Antiquated  Sausages  Poisonous.  —  A 
few  days  since  two  boys  named  Michael 
and  David  McCarthy,  aged  respectively  seven 
and  four  years,  children  of  Michael  McCarthy, 
who  resides  at  19  Ridley  street,  were  taken 
seriously  ill  with  violent  pains  in  the  bowels. 
Dr.  W.  R.  G.  Samuels  was  summoned  and  ad- 
ministered an  emetic,  but  without  result  in  the 
case  of  the  elder  boy.  Artificial  measures  were 
resorted  to,  and  a  large  quantity  of  partially 
digested  sausage  meat  was  brought  up.  The 
emptying  of  the  stomach  seemed  to  give  relief, 
and  upon  a  warm  mustard  bath  being  admin- 
istered, the  boys  were  placed  in  bed,  and, 
though  still  very  sick,  appear  to  be  recovering. 
A  piece  of  the  sausage  meat,  now  in  possession 
of  the  father,  shows  signs  of  decomposition,  and 
on  analysis  Dr.  Samuels  believes  the  fatty  por- 
tion will  be  found  to  have  undergone  a  chemical 
change,  rendering  the  food  poisonous  and  un- 
suitable for  use — S.  F.  Call. 


152 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[March  8,  1879. 


fir     J    ft^--^--  -7-  Ais-r>i~-i^y.^fa?>i j 


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SAN   FRANCISCO: 
Saturday  Morning",  March  8,  1879. 


TABLE  OP  CONTENTS. 

G-ENEEAIi  EDITORIALS.— Boiler  Explosions.  - 
No.  1;  TheNiles  Improved  Double  Hoisting  Engine; 
The  End  of  a  Swindler,  145.  Mining  Share  Market, 
148.  The  Week;  Mining  Shares  in  the  East;  The 
Reno  Fire;  The  Impolicy  of  Labor  Strickes  and  How 
to  Prevent  Them,  152.  Notice  of  Recent  Patents, 
156, 

ILLUSTRATIONS.— The  Niles  Improved  Double 
Hoisting  Engine,  145.  Artesian  Wells,  150-53.  Steve- 
not's  Free  Gold  Amalgamator,  153. 

CORRESPONDENCE.— Letter  from  Arizona;  Gal- 
vanizing Steam  Boilers;  Old  Fort  Miller  and  Surround- 
ings; From  the  Comstock,  146. 

MECHANICAL  PROGRESS.— Steam  Engines  to 
be  Superseded;  Grinding  and  Polishing  Metal  Surfaces 
by  Hand;  Bessemer  Steel  Anchors;  Mechanical  Giants; 
Metallic  Packings,  147- 

SCIENTIFIC  PROGRESS.— Motion  by  Permanent 
Magnets;  Ocean  Currents;  Electro-Chemical  Action  Un- 
der Pressure;  American  Dinosaurs;  Electric  Induction; 
Minute  Causes  which  Affect  Explosions;  Nitrous  Oxide 
Under  Pressure;  Experiments  with  Aneroid  Barometers; 
A  New  Variety  of  Coal,  147. 

MINING  STOCK  MARKET. -Sales  at  the  San 
Francisco,  California  and  Pacific  Stock  Boards,  Notices 
of  Assessments,  Meetings  and  Dividends,  148- 

MISCELLANEOUS.— On  Artesian  Wells,  150. 

THE  ENGINEER.— Locomotives  Without  Fire;  Ex- 
cavations and  Foundations  in  Sand;  Elevated  Railways 
notlDetrimental;  New  Tailings  Dredger; The  Great  Hun- 
garian Tunnel,  151. 

USEFUL  INFORMATION.— Cutting  Glass;  The 
Manufacture  of  Curtain  Rings;  A  Vegetable  Green  for 
Confectioners;  A  New  Writing  Multiplier;  Requirements 
of  a  Good  Boiler  Water;  How  to  see  the  Wind;  Cinder 
Wool,  151. 

GOOD  HEALTH.— Excessive  Brain  Work;  Care  of 
the  Health;  Constipation;  Arsenic  in  Starch — A  Singu- 
lar Case  of  Poisoning;  Poultices;  Antiquated  Sausages 
Poisono.us,  151. 

MINING  SUMMARY  from  the  various  counties  of 
California,  Nevada,  Idaho,  Colorado  and  Utah,  149-56. 

NEWS  IN  BRIEF  on  156  and  other  pages 

Business   Announcements. 

Miners  Assay  Office,  W.  H.  Williseraft,  Prescott,  Arizona- 
Assessment  Notice — California  and  Oregon  Land  Co. 
Delinquent  Notice— Griffith  Con.  Mill  and  Mining  Co. 


The  Week. 

This  week  has  seen  the  close  of  the  45th 
Congress  and  the  adjournment  of  the  Constitu- 
tional Convention.  The  former  failing  to  finish 
its  business,  concerning  important  appropria- 
tions and  other  matters,  has  been  summoned  to 
extra  session  by  Presidential  message,  and 
already  the  signs  of  partisan  management  and 
intrigues,  for  the  control  of  either  House,  are 
plainly  visible.  The  latter  after  sitting  far  be- 
yond the  time  allowed  to  it,  has  given  to  us  a 
new  Constitution,  asking  that  it  be  considered 
well  by  every  voter  before  the  time  of  the  May 
election.  The  Chinese  bill  has  been  vetoed.  But 
the  news,  with  one  or  two  local  exceptions,  has 
been  received  very  quietly  throughout  the 
State,  and  there  has  been  no  trouble  or  disturb- 
ance as  a  result.  The  early  part  of  the  week 
was  bright,  dry  and  pleasant,  but  the  end 
brought  us  th,e  most  drenching  storm  of  the 
season.  Here,  over  three  inches  of  rain  fell  in- 
side of  36  hours.  We  only  regret  that  its  abun- 
dance failed  to  reach  the  lower  counties,  Fresno, 
Kern,  etc.  Wednesday  night  it  blew  a  strong 
gale  from  the  southeast,  the  heaviest,  it  is  said, 
known  on  the  coast  for  20  years.  The  min- 
isterial question  is  still  troubling  France,  and 
the  cabinet  is  on  the  verge  of  another  crisis, 
and  will  probably  all  resign.  Reno  has  been  laid 
in  ashes  by  a  terrible  fire,  and  Silver  City  has  also 
suffered  in  the  same  way.  The  women  lawyers 
have  carried  their  points,  and  the  directors  of 
the  law  school  have  been  ordered  to  admit  them 
as  students  to  that  institution. 


In  one  district  of  Sheffield,  Eng.,  there  are 
4,000  persons  destitute,  and  400  families  act- 
ually starving, 


Mining  Shares  in  the  East. 

Operations  in  the  shares  of  mining  companies 
on  this  coast  are  beginning  to  assume  very  re- 
spectable proportions  in  some  of  the  Eastern 
cities,  the  heaviest  business  in  this  line  having 
thus  far  been  transacted  in  New  York,  where 
the  shares  have  been  listed  at  the  Mining  Ex- 
change and  at  the  New  York  Stock  Exchange. 
With  a  view  of  availing  themselves  of  the  active 
market  that  it  is  expected  will  open  there  for 
this  class  of  securities,  a  good  many  of  these 
companies  have  already  procured  their  shares  to 
be  placed  on  these  boards,  the  probabilities  be- 
ing that  a  like  course  of  procedure  wUl  soon  be 
followed  by  a  great  many  others.  It  seems,  in- 
deed, quite  probable  that  the  quantities  of  these 
shares  to  be  remitted  to  the  Atlantic  sea-board 
will  hereafter  be  large,  swelling  into  such  pro- 
portions perhaps  that  we  will  find  it  convenient 
to  estimate  them  as  they  do  their  ores  in  Colo- 
rado— by  the  cord.  These  consignments  though 
large  are  not  without  precedent;  we  import 
about  the  same  amount  of  playing  cards  from 
the  East. 

The  mining  shares  so  tendered  the  Eastern 
public  represent  properties  of  every  grade — good, 
bad  and  indifferent.  The  list  includes  mines 
situated  in  California,  Arizona,  Nevada;  some, 
in  fact,  in  almost  every  one  of  our  Pacific  States 
and  Territories.  There  are  Washoe  stocks, 
Bodie  stocks,  Eureka  stocks — the  fancies  and 
the  mines  of  merit  aU  being  called.  Nor  are 
these  transactions  confined  to  the  stock  boards; 
the  bankers  are  beginning  to  deal  in  them,  while 
numerous  heavily-loaded  private  parties  peddle 
them  out,  or  sell  as  opportunity  may  offer,  in 
lots  to  suit. 

There  is  no  reason  why  people  in  the  East 
should  not  buy  and  sell  these  mining  shares  the 
same  as  is  done  on  this  coast.  It  is  a  business 
that  in  no  case  rests  upon  exact  knowledge,  or 
even  upon  very  reliable  information.  Purchas- 
ers in  Boston,  Chicago  and  New  York  enjoy 
about  the  same  facilities  for  posting  themselves 
in  regard  to  the  condition,  prospects  and  man- 
agement of  the  mines  that  we  do  here.  With 
the  masses  it  is  a  chequered  and  hazardous  busi- 
ness at  best,  more  likely  to  bring  them,  in  the 
long  run,  losses  than  gains,  as  the  experience  of 
outside  dealers  on  this  side  of  the  continent 
fully  establishes.  There  is  no  calculating  the 
harm  that  our  people  hare  suffered  from  specu- 
lating in  this  class  of  so-called  securities.  It 
has  caused  the  impoverishment — the  utter  finan- 
cial ruin  of  thousands.  It  has  led  to  more 
breaches  of  trust,  defalcations  and  suicides  than 
any  other  one  thing,  to  say  nothing  of  the  de- 
moralizing effects  exerted  upon  those  who  have 
managed  to  make  money  by  it. 

But  for  all  this  it  will  go  on.  It  will  even 
grow  and  spread  into  communities  that  as  yet 
have  been  comparatively  free  from  it.  When 
the  poet  wrote,  "Hope  springs  eternal  in  the 
human  breast,"  he  meant,  of  cuurse,  the  hope 
of  making  money  by  buying  lottery  tickets  and 
speculating  in  public  stocks.  The  propensity 
to  make  money  through  the  instrumentality  of 
chance  seems  innate  and  ineradicable.  .Reproof, 
admonition  and  argument  are  therefore  una- 
vailing to  its  repression.  In  this  view  of  the 
matter,  we  expect  to  see  these  Eastern  commu- 
nities in  due  time  properly  enthused  over  our 
mining  shares — to  find  in  the  cities  there  many 
prosperous  brokers  with  each  a  numerous  client- 
age— stock  exchanges  and  a  "booming  market." 
The  thing  must  have  its  day  there  as  it  has  had 
here;  for  be  it  remarked,  we  on  this  side,  are 
pretty  well  cured  of  this  craze,  and  are  about 
to  advance  our  mining  industries  to  a  higher 
plane.  There  is  a  growing  purpose  among  in- 
vestors here  to  have  done  with  stock  specula- 
tions and  embark  in  the  business  of  mining  in  a 
practical  and  sensible  way.  The  era  of  irre- 
sponsible managements,  of  weU-paid  but  use- 
less directors,  and  of  merciless  and  misapplied 
assessments  draws  towards  its  close.  Our  peo- 
ple are  not  likely  to  be  robbed  through  this 
gaudy  machinery  much  longer.  We  have  in  our 
mines  an  inheritance  of  wealth  such  as  never 
before  feU  to  the  lot  of  any  people.  All  classes 
here  are  beginning  to  awaken  to  a  consciousness 
of  this  fact,  and  it  will  not  be  long  until  we 
shall  see  a  greatly  increased  activity  in  every 
branch  of  this  industry.  After  many  years  of 
experiment  and  failure,  of  losses  and  mistakes, 
we  have  learned  the  business  of  mining  for  the 
precious  metals  pretty  well.  This  knowledge 
has  cost  us  dearly,  but  it  wiU  pay  well  in  the 
end,  We  shall  do  our  work  with  more  economy 
and  thoroughness  and  every  way  better  here- 
after, and  do  a  great  deal  more  of  it  too.  There 
is  going  to  be  a  good  deal  of  money  made  at 
gold  and  silver  mining  on  this  coast  from  this 
time  forward,  and,  as  a  general  thing,  it  is  go- 
ing to  be  made  in  a  more  honest  and  legitimate 
way  than  has  heretofore  been  the  case. 

The  opportunities  for  employing  money  in 
this  business  are  incomparable  and  boundless. 
There  are  here  chances  for  the  safe  and  profit- 
able investment  of  all  the  surplus  capital,  not 
only  of  the  Eastern  States  but  of  Europe,  those 
who  now  invest  having  the  benetitof  our  long  ex- 
perience, acquired  skill  and  improvements  intro- 
duced into  the  business.  But,  inviting  as  the 
field  is  to  enterprise  and  capital,  it  is  hardly  to 
be  expected  that  the  opportunities  it  presents 
will  just  yet  meet  with  entire  appreciation 
abroad.  Novices  must  be  schooled  to  the  busi- 
ness as  we  have  been;  must  enjoy  first  the  ex- 
citements of  the  stock  bourse;  try  their   hands 


at  getting  up  corners,  pools  and  deals;  selling 
shares  short  and  selling  them  long;  traveling 
this  road  to  the  end,  when  it  may  be  expected 
they  will  be  ready  to  give  their  attention  to  and 
embark  their  means  in  actual  and  productive 
mining  as  we  have  done. 

As  yet,  the  majority  of  these  Eastern  pur- 
chasers seem  inclined  to  pursue  a  cautious  poli- 
cy, showing  a  preference  for  the  shares  of  im- 
proved dividend-paying  properties  of  good  stand- 
ing and  merit.  This,  for  the  time  being,  will 
no  doubt  be  their  best  course,  though  it  will 
not  be  long,  once  this  preference  is  known,  tul 
mine  owners  will  be  found  exerting  themselves 
in  a  special  way  to  bring  their  properties  into 
this  condition  at  the  hazard  of  an  early  relapse 
into  a  non-productive  state.  Whateveris  offered 
on  the  Eastern  market,  whether  it  be  stocks  or 
mines  themselves,  cannot  be  too  closely  scru- 
tinized. As  remarked  by  us  last  week,  a  mul- 
titude of  irresponsible  adventurers  have  lately 
made  their  way  East  loaded  down  with  worth- 
less shares  and  unproven  mining  claims  with  a 
a  view  to  disposing  of  them  at  almost  any  price. 
Much  of  this  rubbish  will  be  presented  in  a 
shape  calculated  to  attract  and  deceive,  being 
backed  by  glowing  reports,  newspaper  articles, 
etc.  But  despite  their  goodly  appearance  there 
will  be  found  concealed  under  these  heaps  of 
meal  innumerable  cats  of  the  undomesticated 
species. 

With  so  much  that  will  be  offered  to  Eastern 
investors  of  a  dangerous  kind,  there  will  also  be 
presented  a  great  many  properties  worthy  of 
acceptance;  our  object  in  this  writing  being  to 
impress  upon  investors  there  the  necessity  that 
exists  for  discriminating  between  these  respective 
offerings.  In  the  gravel  mines  of  California, 
both  hydraulic  and  drift,  should  such  be  put  on 
the  Eastern  market,  investors  may,  as  a  general 
thing,  embark  their  means  with  considerable 
safety,  provided,  of  course,  that  these  claims  be 
opened  and  outfitted,  supplied  with  water  and 
otherwise  favorably  conditioned  for  active  oper- 
ations. Under  other  circumstances  the  most  of 
these  are  properties  to  be  avoided.  It  is  the 
case,  too,  that  vein  mining  in  this  State  has,  as 
a  whole,  been  attended  with  satisfactory  results. 
The  failures  that  have  here  occurred,  how- 
ever, in  this  branch  of  mining  are  a  standing 
protest  against  any  relaxation  of  vigilance  on  the 
part  of  those  who  may  contemplate  engaging  in 
the  business.  And  so  we  might  go  on  through 
a  whole  chapter,  canvassing  the  inducements 
and  dangers  that  everywhere  attend  mining  in- 
vestments without  advancing  our  argument 
further  than  this:  that  our  mineral  fields  pre- 
sent first  rate  opportunities  for  making  as  well 
as  losing  money,  accordingly  as  they  are  turned 
to  good  or  bad  account.  We  have  made  here, 
as  we  will  probably  continue  to  make,  great 
successes  and  great  failures,  though  the  latter, 
there  is  reason  to  believe,  will  be  of  less  frequent 
occurrence  hereafter  than  they  have  been  in  the 
past.  In  the  future  the  chances  of  success  will 
favor  the  operative  miner  rather  than  the  spec- 
ulator in  stocks,  the  practical  branch  of  the 
business  being  marked  every  year  by  less  and 
less  fluctuation,  uncertainty  and  exposure  to 
loss.  To  recapitulate  a  little,  it  will  be  seen 
that  we  have  on  this  coast  mineral  resources  al- 
most without  limit;  toward  the  profitable  utili- 
zation of  these  resources  we  have  made  great 
progress,  having  pretty  well  overcome  the  dif- 
culties  that  for  a  long  time  beset  the  business. 
Our  natural  advantages  aided  by  our  acquired 
knowledge  invite  investments  from  abroad,  all 
that  is  necessary  to  make  mining  here  a  success, 
being  the  observance  of  the  same  prudence, 
foresight  and  care  that  are  considered  indis- 
pensable in  every  other  branch  of  business. 


The  Impolicy  of  Labor  Strikes  and  How 
to  Prevent  Them. 


The  Reno  Fire. 

Since  the  great  fire  in  Virginia  City,  there 
has  been  no  conflagration  on  the  coast  so  sweep- 
ing and  disastrous  as  that  at  Reno,  Nevada, 
on  Sunday  last.  It  broke  out  at  sunrise  and 
raged  all  day  till  a  late  hour  at  night.  One  of 
those  sweeping  Washoe  gales  was  blowing,  and 
this  combined  with  the  scarcity  of  water,  ren- 
dered it  impossible  to  stop  the  work  of  destruc- 
tion, till  nearly  the  whole  town  was  laid  in 
ashes.  Nearly  350  buildings,  valued  at  from 
§750,000  to  $1,000,000,  were  consumed.  Of  this 
amount,  $200,000  only,  is  covered  by  insurance. 
Five  lives  are  known  to  be  lost  so  far — one 
woman  and  four  men.  Three  of  the  latter  were 
tramps.  The  fire  is  supposed  to  have  originated 
in  a  woodpile  near  some  frame  dwellings.  Once 
started,  however,  the  high  wind  carried  it  with 
irresistible  force  from  building  to  building,  and 
so  swiftly  that  the  inhabitants  had  barely  time 
to  escape  with  their  lives,  saving,  at  the  most, 
but  a  handful  of  their  effects.  Some  of  the 
heretofore  well-to-do  families  in  the  city  are 
reduced  to  poverty,  and  many  of  the  poorer 
people  have  been  left  in  an  absolutely  destitute 
condition.  All  the  business  portion  of  the  town 
was  destroyed,  together  with  many  dwellings. 
One  hotel  remained  standing,  and  this  together 
with  such  dweUings  as  had  escaped,  served  as  a 
refuge  for  the  homeless  and  houseless  people 
wrandering  in  the  streets. 

Relief  trains  were  promptly  sent  from  Vir- 
ginia, loaded  with  clothes  and  provisions. 
Further  supplies  were  forwarded  from  this  city, 
and  on  last  reports  the  distress  had  been  some- 
what relieved.  Steps  were  immediately  taken 
to  rebuild  the  burnt  district,  and  many  houses 
have  already  sprung  up.  Reno  is  now  a  suburb 
without  a  city,  for  this  fire  has  swept  away  aU 
those  accumulations  which  distinguish  it  from 
the  mining  camp  it  was  10  years  ago. 


The  late  strike  in  the  Bodie  district  appears 
to  have  subsided,  the  mechanics  and  laborers 
receding  from  their  demands  and  the  employers 
carrying  their  points,  as  usually  happens  in 
similar  cases.  The  most  of  the  recent  great 
strikes  in  England,  New  York  and  elsewhere 
have  reached  a  like  result;  the  workingmen, 
after  refusing  to  comply  with  the  terms  offered 
by  their  employers  as  long  as  they  could  stand 
%  being  at  last  forced  to  given  in.  An  enlarged 
and  dispassionate  view  of  this  subject  reveals 
the  fact  that  there  is  in  the  present  condition  of 
things  much  hardship  involved  on  both  sideB. 
Take,  for  example,  the  case  as  presented  in  the 
Bodie  district:  Considering  the  remoteness  of 
the  locality,  the  cost  of  living,  the  rigors  of  the 
climate  and  the  arduous  and  sometimes  danger- 
ous nature  of  the  service  required  of  the  laborer, 
the  wages  demanded  by  him  seem  by  no  means 
excessive.  On  the  other  hand,  there  are  here 
only  two  or  three  mines  that  are  yielding  the 
owners  any  present  income;  all  the  work  and 
money  expended  upon  the  others  is  being  done 
simply  in  the  hope  of  striking  something  of 
value,  but  always  at  the  imminent  hazard  of  the 
whole  being  lost.  Their  value  is  merely  pros- 
pective; the  chances,  if  we  consult  past  experi- 
ence, being  as  ten  to  one  that  they  will  prove 
failures  in  the  end.  In  attempting  to  develop 
these  properties  the  owners,  many  of  whom  are 
persons  of  small  means,  run  a  great  risk  of  loos- 
ing all  the  money  they  put  in.  In  most  cases 
it  will  be  a  long  time  anyhow  before  they  will 
realize  anything  on  their  investments.  Men 
working  in  and  about  these  mines  should  con- 
sider these  things,  and  not  be  too  exorbitant  in 
the  matter  of  wages,  nor  otherwise  exacting  in 
their  demands;  remembering  that  but  for  the 
enterprise  of  these  investors,  attended  so  often 
by  pecuniary  loss,  they  would  themselves  be 
without  these  opportunities  for  earning  even 
moderate  wages. 

And  so,  in  looking  over  the  world  generally, 
while  we  find  the  laboring  classes  willing  to 
work  for  a  mere  pittance,  everywhere  poor  and 
often  reduced  to  the  verge  of  starvation,  we 
find  on  the  other  hand  financial  embarrassment, 
ruin,  bankruptcy,  and  prostrate  trade,  resulting 
from  over-production  in  every  branch  of  manu- 
facture and  department  of  business.  At  first 
sight  it  would  look  as  if  there  were  too  many 
people  in  the  world  wanting  employment  for  the 
work  to  be  done.  Yet  such  is  not  the  case,  the 
trouble  being  that  there  is  too  much  conflict  be- 
tween the  employer  and  employee,  involving 
loss  of  time,  energy  and  earnings  on  the  part  of 
the  latter,  and  of  skill,  care  and  capital  invested 
on  the  part  of  the  former. 

What  is  required  is  the  adoption  of  some  plan 
whereby  these  losses  could  all  round  be  avoided; 
some  method  by  which  these  classes  would  be 
able  to  consider  and  equitably  adjust  their 
differences  without  recourse  to  these  labor  com- 
binations and  strikes,  which,  while  they  pro- 
duce so  much  bad  feeling,  result  so  disastrously 
to  labor  in  the  end.  It  seems  to  us  that  courts 
or  boards  of  conciliation  and  arbitration,  such 
as  have  in  some  places  been  introduced  with  ex- 
cellent effect,  might  be  more  generally  insti- 
tuted for  disposing  of  all  questions  arising  be- 
tween employers  and  employees  in  a  speedy  and 
inexpensive  way.  The  findings  of  these  boards, 
one  of  which  might  be  established  at  every  con- 
siderable mining  camp  or  other  labor  center, 
would  be  likely  to  give  general  satisfaction, 
almost  all  men  preferring  to  yield  something  even 
of  their  just  claims  to  standing  out  for  the  last 
cent  at  the  hazard  of  loosing  valuable  time  and 
perpetuating  a  feeling  of  enmity  and  strife.  We 
invite  the  attention  of  all  parties  concerned  to 
this  suggestion,  satisfied  that  the  plan  proposed 
for  settling  their  differences  will,  when  they 
come  to  reflect  upon  it,  appear  so  rational  and 
practicable  that  they  will  at  once  set  about  or- 
ganizing something  of  the  kind. 


Powder  Blasts  Here  and  in  the  East. — 
It  is  stated  in  a  late  number  of  the  Engineering 
a?id  Mininy  Journal  that  a  blast  of  12, 000  pounds 
of  powder  had  just  been  exploded  in  the  quarry 
of  the  Glendon  Iron  Co.,  near  Easton,  Pa.;  that 
paper  going  on  to  remark  that  this  was  prob- 
ably the  heaviest  charge,  not  sub-aqueous,  ever 
fired  in  the  country;  that  it  was  an  entire  suc- 
cess, having  effected  an  estimated  displacement 
of  60,000  tons  of  rock,  etc.  While  the  above 
may  be  the  largest  blast  ever  set  off  in  the  East- 
ern States,  much  larger  are  frequently  exploded 
in  the  gravel  mines  of  California,  where  they 
sometimes  burn  five  or  six  times  as  much  pow- 
der as  this  at  a  single  charge.  Very  recently 
the  Reservoir  Ditch  Co.  put  off  in  their  mine, 
at  Sucker  Flat,  Yuba  county,  a  blast  of  50,000 
pounds  of  Judson  powder,  a  very  powerful  ex- 
plosive, and  by  which  between  200,000  and 
300,000  cubic  yards  of  gravel,  some  of  it  indu- 
rated into  a  hard  cement,  were  so  shattered 
that  the  most  of  it  can  be  piped  off  under  the 
heavy  head  of  water  here  used.  Occasionally 
even  a  greater  amount  of  powder  than  this  is 
exploded  by  the  larger  hydraulic  mining  com- 
panies, who  find  it  economical  to  employ  these 
heavy  charges  as  doing  more  proportionate  exe- 
cution than  small  ones. 


The  value  of  the  iron  and  steel  exported  from 
Philadelphia  last  year  is  put  down  at  $3, 000,  • 
000. 


March  8,  1879. j 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS 


153 


[Continued  from  page  150 


quake  was  experienced  in  this  city  anil  Oakland. 
Whether  it  had  anything  to  do  with  the  muddy 
water,  ia  a  question.  Dr.  Saxe,  from  Santa 
Clara,  one  of  our  members,  informs  me  that 
some  wells  in  his  vicinity  that  a  year  or  two 
Ago  had  flowed  for  a  long  time,  suddenly  became 
muddy,  and  in  a  short  time  useless.  Hid  theory 
is,  that  the  force  of  the  underground  stream 
rushing  to  the  bottom  of  the  pipe  to  rind  au 
egress,  collected  the  pebbles  and  larger  gravel 
in  a  pile  around  the  pipe,  and  the  force  of  the 
water  undermining  the  stratum  above,  it  choVed 
the  pipe  and  prevented  the  How   of  water. 

An  Unsuccessful  Well. 

In  September,  Morgan  <t  Co.  bored  a  second 
well  in  the  bay,  at  their  M  [librae  station,  the 
water  in  the  bay  being  about  10  feet  deep.  The 
well  was  constructed  iu  the  same  manner  as  their 
Dumbarton  well  ;  and  after  passing  through 
mud,  and  the  different  strata  of  clay,  gravel  and 
sand,  at  275  feet  the  auger  penetrated  a  hard 
rock  four  feet,  and  no  water  having  been 
obtained  the  well  was  abaudoned,  and  the  pipe 
taken  up.  Now  draw  a  line  from  point  San 
Bruno  (a  hill  on  the  main  land  205  feet  high}, 
to  point  San  Mateo  (the  top  of  a  small  rocky 
hill  projecting  above  the  salt  marsh),  and  the 
line  passes  east  of  the  well,  leaving  a  crescent- 
shaped  bay  to  the  west.  I  think  that  the  well 
is  on  a  submerged  ridge,  a  continuation  of  the 
San  Bruno  mountains,  which  have  an  elevation 
of  about  1,300  feet  ;  and  that  San  Mateo  point 
is  the  last  low  hill  to  the  south  visible  on  that 
ridge.  The  specimen  marked  D,  of  hard  rock 
from  this  well,  appears  to  be  hard  cement 
gravel.  The  same  firm  then  commenced  a  third 
well  at  their  Belmont  station,  which  you  will 
recollect  is  on  a  small  island.  This  well,  lately 
finished,  is  35S  feet  deep,  the  last  15  feet  being 
sand,  in  which  a  good  stream  of  water  was 
obtained,  thought  to  be  better  than  at  the  Dum- 
barton station,  which  is  hard  ;  and  this  is  soft. 
At  308  feet,  in  the  Belmont  well,  passed  through 
fragments  of  small  shells  one  foot  thick  (see 
specimen  E).  A  mile  and  a  half  south  of  the 
Belmont  well,  is  one  on  the  salt  marsh,  near  the 
month  of  Redwood  creek,  sunk  by  McCollam  & 
Co.,  on  their  former  location,  for  curing  Alaska 
codfish.  This  well  is  7-inch  bore,  202  feet  deep, 
and  Hows  a  good  stream  of  fresh  water  four  feet 
above  the  surface.  These  two  last  wells  are 
two  or  three  miles  east  of  what  I  suppose  to  be 
the  submerged  ridge. 

Note. — Mr.  Morgan  has  furnished  me  with 
the  jaw  of  a  sting  ray,  showing  the  peculiar 
iormation  of  the  mouth,  which  enables  it  to 
crush  the  shell,  and  suck  out  the  oyster.  He 
says  that  it  is  the  only  fish  in  this  bay  that 
destroys  the  oyster.  This  jaw  is  from  a  small 
sized  fish.  The  fence  is  made  of  two  by  six-inch 
scantling,- driven  into  the  mud  one  foot  apart, 
leaving  six  or  eight  feet  above  the  mud.  The 
ray  being  a  flat  round  fish  two  feet  or  more  in 
diameter,  and  keeping  near  the  bottom,  cannot 
get  through,  and  does  not  swim  over  the  fence. 
They  are  not  to  be  found  now  ;  but  come  again 
in  the  spring. 

Diagram  C 
Ia  a  cross  section  from  San  Francisco  to  Stock- 
ton and  Milton,  at  the  foothills  of  the  Sierra 
Nevada.  The  observer  is  supposed  to  be  look- 
ing north.  The  Pacific  ocean  and  San  Francisco 
are  shown  at  the  left ;  then  to  the  east  of  San 
Francisco,  the  bay  and  Oakland;  also,  Redwood 
peak,  1,635  feet  high  ;  San  Ramon  valley,  about 
500  feet;  Monte  Diablo,  3,856  feet;  Cave  peak, 
2,078  feet ;  the  town  of  Livermore,  485  feet. 
Then  the  delta  of  the  San  Joaquin,  16  miles 
wide,  which  is  overflowed  at  high  tide ;  then 
comes  Stockton,  only  23  feet  above  the  sea. 
(At  a  low  stage  of  the  river,  the  tide  rises  and 
falls  here  two  and  one-half  to  three  feet.)  Now, 
at  the  intersection  of  Montgomery  and  Market 
streets,  the  elevation  above  the  sea  is  30  feet,  or 
seven  feet  higher  than  Stockton.  Milton,  the 
terminus  of  the  Copperopolis  railroad,  elevation, 
260  feet,  is  situated  at  the  foothills  of  the  Sierra 
Nevada. 

Following  are  figures  referred  to  in  diagram 
C:  1,  San  Francisco;  2,  Oakland;  3,  Redwood 
peak,  1,635  feet;  4,  San  Ramon  valley;  5,  Mt. 
Diablo,  3,856  feet;  6,  Livermore,  485  feet;  7, 
7,  7,  delta  of  the  San  Joaquin  river;  8,  Stock- 
ton well,  1,002  feet;  9,  Milton,  elevation  260 
feet;  10,  foothills  of  the  Sierra  Nevada;  11  to 
12,  level  of  the  sea. 

The  line  drawn  east  from  San  Francisco  re- 
presents the  level  of  the  sea.  At  San  Francisco 
six  wells  are  here  shown:  Three  in  the  sand- 
stone above  the  city  base,  and  three  in  the  allu- 
vial deposit  below.  These  last  are,  the  Stevens 
well,  144  feet  deep;  the  Grand  Hotel,  230  feet ; 
and  the  well,  260  feet  deep,  at  the  Pacific  Iron 
Works.  The  deepest  part  of  the  bay,  just  west 
of  Yerba  Buena  island,  is  144  feet. 

At  the  railroad  machine  shop  at  Oakland 
point,  a  well,  bored  by  the  company,  is  also 
shown.  About  330  feet  is  passed  through  the 
alluvial  soil  without  obtaining  water.  It  now 
penetrated  what  is  termed  in  the  record,  blue 
soapstone,  35  feet ;  then,  soapstone,  18  feet ; 
gravel,  sand  and  clay,  4  feet;  blue  soapstone,  16 
feet.  Most  of  the  balance  of  the  depth  was 
alternate  veins  of  soapstone  and  narrow  seams 
of  sand  or  gravel.  At  454  feet  a  small  quantity 
of  water  was  obtained.  At  550  feet,  a  hard, 
gray,  arenaceous  limestone  was  encountered  ;  it 
was  20  feet  thick.  Below  this  limestone  was  20 
feet  of  very  hard  silicious  rock.  Lower  down, 
the  auger  passed  through  different  strata  of 
soapstone,  slate,  and  other  rocks,  to  the  depth 
of  715  feet.  No  water  having  been  obtained, 
the  well  was  abandoned.     I  think  that  this  well 


penetrated  a  submerged   ridge    from    the   hills 
east  of  Oakland. 

Stockton  Well. 

In  the  early  part  of  1858,  the  Stockton  well 
was  completed.  It  was  bored  by  the  city  and 
county  authorities  (at  a  cost  of  $1*0,000),  to  test 
the  practicability  of  obtaining  a  good  stream  of 
water ;  and,  being  a  success,  the  county's  in- 
terest was  purchased  by  the  city,  and  they  now 
have  a  good  BUpply  of  water  for  the  inhabitants. 
My  office  at  the  time,  being  in  the  Court-house, 
within  100  feet  of  the  well,  enabled  me  to  watch 
it  closely,  and  I  have  a  full  record  of  the  well. 
The  depth  is  1,002  feet,  through  alluvial  soil  all 
of  the  distance.  At  the  depth  of  92  feet,  a 
stratum  of  clay,  sand  and  gravel,  two  feet  thick, 
slightly  impregnated  with  gold.  At  340  feet, 
redwood  log,  in  14  feet  of  coarse  Band,  and 
water  ascended  to  three  feet  of  the  surface.  At 
560  feet,  in  a  stratum  of  fine,  gray  sand,  42  feet 
thick,  obtained  a  stream  of  water,  rising  five 
feet  above  the  surface.  At  913  feet,  entered 
stratum  of  clay  and  sand,  11  feet  thick,  and  a 
large  stream  of  water  rose  seven  feet  above 
surface.  At  1,000  feet  (the  last  11  feet  being 
clay,  gravel  and  mica),  entered  two  feet  in  sand, 
when  a  large  stream  of  water  rose  1 1  feet  above 
the  surface  of  the  plain  and  nine  feet  above  the 
city   grade.     Temperature  of   water,  77'  Fahr. 

Assisted  by  three  gentlemen,  I  carefully  meas- 
ured the  water,  and  found  the  discharge  at  the 
surface,  through  a  nine-inch  pipe,  to  be  about 
500,000  gallons  in  24  hours.  The  water  is 
charged  with   two  gases,  or,  rather,  the   gases  I 


record  which  will  be  furnished  as  when  the  well 
lb  finished. 

Mr.  Haggin  informs  me  that  the  well  has 
reached  a  ciepth  of  2,107  feet,  and  is  now  in 
quicksand,  with  water  rising  to  within  30  feet 
of  surface  ;  also  gas  sufficient  to  burn  freely  in 
a  half-inch  pipe.  I  think  it  very  probable  that  a 
stream  of  water  will  be  obtained  from  the  Sierra 
Nevada,  having  the  best  head  of  any  well  in 
the  State  ;  flowing,  perhaps,  50  feet  or  more 
above  the  surface.  The  well  has  cost  over 
$20,000. 

The  specimens  sent  from  this  well  called  soap- 
stone   are   not  soapstone,  but   indurated    clay. 

Dr.  W,  Harkness,  who  was  at  this  well  on 
Saturday,  December  14th,  1878,  presented  the 
Academy  with  some  sand  obtained  at  the  depth 
of  2, 108  feet.  Also  stating  that  the  water  roBe, 
as  mentioned  above,  to  30  feet  of  the  surface; 
but  at  times  would  suddenly  fall  from  30  to  50 
feet,  and  again  suddenly  rise  to  its  former  level. 
This   will   be  further  examined  and  reported. 

In  November,  1875,  I  received  a  report  from 
Mr.  F.  C.  Chase  of  a  well  that  he  was  boring  at 
the  Marysville  woolen  mills.  The  elevation  of 
Marysville  above  the  sea  is  67  feet.  At  76  feet 
the  auger  cut  the  side  of  a  log  20  inches  in  diam- 
eter. At  195  feet,  water  so  salt  that  stock 
would  not  drink  it.  At  285  feet,  a  small  piece 
of  wood.     At  306  feet,  no  supply  of  water  yet. 

I  do  not  know  to  what  depth  this  well  was 
completed.  Mr.  Chase  promised  to  write  again, 
but  I  have  not  heard  from  him  since. 

I  will  now  give  a  short  account  of  one  of  the 


9  In.  black  clay  and  decomposed  wood. 
11  Ft  3  in.  black  Band. 


43  Ft.  black  loam  and  rotten  wood. 


Small  rocks  of  different  colors. 

8  Ft.  blue  clay. 

6  Yellow  sand  and  clay  mixed. 

21  Sand. 


6  Clay  and  sand. 


40  Indurated  sand. 

Water-bearing-  stratum. 


3      2  Ft.  yellow  clay  and  snft.ll  gravel. 
1  O  0    rlimWirOrftnTn^      2  Ft.  blue  sandstone. 

New  Artesian  Well  at  the  City  Hall.    Bore,  14  Inches.    Scale,  50  ft.  to  1  Inch. 


come  up  with  the  water,  supposed  by  Dr.  Trask 
and  myself  to  be  carbonic  oxide  and  carbonic 
acid  gas.  I  proposed  to  the  Supervisors  to  ele- 
vate the  water  to  the  highest  buildings  by  means 
of  the  gas,  and  proved  it  on  a  small  scale,  but 
they  did  not  agree  to  it.  I  bottled  some  of  the 
gas,  and  kept  it  for  six  months  ;  then  opened 
the  bottle  and  applied  a  light.  It  would  not 
burn,  but  on  turning  the  bottle  over,  it  poured 
out  like  water  and  blazed  up  around  the  bottle. 

With  regard  to  the  Stockton  well,  it  is  Bhown 
to  be  entirely  in  alluvial  deposits  to  the  depth 
of  1,000  feet.  How  much  deeper  this  exteuds 
is  not  known.  The  pipe  to  measure  the  hight 
of  the  water  was  11  feet  above  the  city  grade  ; 
the  water  rose  nine  feet,  and  the  gas,  collected 
in  the  pipe  above  the  water,  when  a  light  was 
applied  to  it,  would  burn  with  a  flame  about  18 
inchea  above  the  pipe. 

But  it  ia  evident  from  this  and  the  small  head 
that  the  water  flowing  from  the  well  has,  that 
its  source  is  not  in  the  Sierra  Nevada,  but  is 
derived  from  the  reservoirs  in  the  different 
strata  of  sand  or  gravel  in  the  basin  between 
the  foothills  of  the  Coast  range  and  Sierra 
Nevada.  For  it  is  well  known  that  all  of  the 
small  streams  and  a  portion  of  the  larger 
streams  sink  as  soon  as  they  reach  the  deposits 
of  large  gravel  in  the  plains  at  the  base  of  the 
hills. 

How,  therefore,  can  we  expect  to  obtain  water 
from  the  Sierra  Nevada  under  San  Francisco  at 
a  depth  of  200  or  300  feet,  or  even  1,000  feet  ? 
It  is  impossible.  All  that  we  have  obtained 
below  the  sea  level  is  held  in  a  small  basin  con- 
taining alluvial  deposit. 

Diagram  D. 

I  will  now  call  your  attention  to  the  enter- 
prise of  one  of  our  citizens,  Mr.  J.  B.  Haggin, 
who  has  been  engaged  about  two  years  in  con- 
structing an  artesian  well  near  the  railroad,  nine 
miles  north  of  Sacramento,  on  the  Norris  grant. 
The  elevation  above  the  sea  is  about  150  feet, 
and  about  8  or  10  miles  west  of  the  foothills. 

In  a  letter  to  the  Academy,  dated  May  3d, 
1877,  from  Mr.  D.  C.  Patten  (who  is  boring  the 
well),  he  aayB:  We  evidently  passed  through  all 
surface  strata  at  a  depth  of  864  feet ;  from  this 
depth  down  to  1,090  feet  is  a  conglomerate  vein 
of  soapstone,  226  feet  in  thickness,  varying  in 
character  throughout,  and  containing  one  or  two 
thin  veins  of  lignite,     Mr.  Fatten  is  keeping  a 


moat  remarkable  artesian  wells  in  the  United 
States;  remarkable  for  several  reasons.  First, 
the  comparatively  low  depth  at  which  a  large 
stream  of  water  was  obtained;  second,  the  head 
or  force  with  which  it  comes  to  the  surface,  and 
the  quantity  discharged;  third,  the  fact  that 
the  location  is  in  a  plain  nearly  level,  and  sur- 
rounded by  a  level  country  for  many  hundreds 
of  miles;  fourth,  the  low  temperature  of  the 
water;  and  fifth,  that,  with  a  single  exception, 
the  boring  was   continued  through  the  rock  all 


Stevenot's  Free  Gold  Amalgamator. 

the  way  down,  and  was  completed  in  10 
months.  I  have  had  a  record  of  this  well  for 
several  years. 

The  New  City  Hall  Well. 
Since  this  paper  was  written,  the  new  well  at 
the  City  Hall  has  been  completed  to  the  depth  of 
180  feet,  and  work  on  it  has  been  stopped  for 
the  present.  I  have,  therefore,  added  it  to 
diagram  A ;  and  alao  show  it  on  a  larger  scale 
in  diagram  E.  The  location  of  the  well  is  just 
east  of  the  line  of  Hyde  street,  or  three  blocks 
east  of  Mr.  Lyle's  well  (about  1,600  feet), 
which  you  perceive  brings  it  on  the  east  side  of 
the  basin  formed  between  Gough  and  Leaven- 
worth  streets;  but  it  is  south   of  McAllister 


street  or  about  4,000  feet  south  of  California 
Btreet.  At  the  depth  of  136  feet,  the  indurated 
sand,  or  water-bearing  stratum,  was  reached. 
This  ia  only  40  feet  thick;  when  at  the  Lyle 
well  it  was  80  feet.  It  is  therefore  only  cap- 
able of  containing  half  the  amount  of  water. 
The  bottom  of  this  indurated  Band  is  150  feet 
below  the  bottom  of  the  80  feet  iu  the  Lyle 
well,  and  if  the  water-bearing  stratum  of  the 
two  wells  are  connected  by  a  stream,  the  water 
in  the  City  Hall  well  should  raise  considerably 
above  the  surface,  whereas  it  only  just 
reaches  that  point,  or  about  80  feet  below 
the  water  level  of  the  three  wells  in  diagram  B. 
Theoretically,  water  rises  to  the  level  of  its 
fountain  head;  but  practically  it  falls  much 
short  of  it,  owing  to  the  friction  and  other 
causes. 

The  lower  two  feet  of  this  well  is  said  to  be  in 
a  hard,  blue  clay,  containing  small  pieces  of 
blue  rock  (specimens  marked  F),  But  it  is 
probable  that  it  is  the  bedrock  cut  fine  by  the 
auger  and  bringing  up  some  small  pieceB  uncut. 
I  gave  some  of  the  rock  to  Prof.  Price  to  exam- 
ine, and  he  will  report  on  them. 

As  was  stated  before,  the  last  outcrop  of  the 
serpentine  was  traced  to  McAllister  street. 
The  next  outcrop  that  I  have  seen  is  on  Potrero 
street,  about  5,000  feet  southwesterly  of  the 
outcrop  at  McAllister  street,  and  on  the  same 
line  of  direction.  This  serpentine  may  underlie 
the  City  Hall,  the  outcrop  being  about  1,700 
feet  west  of  it.  But  it  will  require  further  in- 
vestigation. 

In  conclusion,  I  will  say  that  if  it  is  accept- 
able I  will,  at  some  future  meeting  of  our 
section,  give  the  results  of  some  of  my  observa- 
tions during  my  Burveys  in  different  parta  of 
the  California  basin,  and  the  probable  depth  of 
the  great  inland  sea  by  which  it  was  once 
covered. 


Stevenot's  Free  Gold  Amalgamator. 

It  is  well  known  by  every  one  who  haa  had 
experience  in  quartz  milling  that  a  great  deal  of 
the  fine  gold  contained  in  the  pulverized  gold 
ores  is  floated  and  carried  off  by  water,  on  ac- 
count of  not  getting  in  contact  with  the  quick- 
silver covering  the  cooper  plates  of  a  quartz 
mill. 

The  following  described  amalgamator  ia  in- 
tended for  saving  such  tine  gold,  the  pulp  be- 
ing forced  through  a  quicksilver  bath,  by  which 
the  fine  gold  iB  compelled  to  come  in  contact 
with  the  quicksilver.  No  machinery  is  re- 
quired to  give  the  pulp  the  mechanical  motion, 
the  rotation  being  communicated  to  it  by  the 
currents  of  water  brought  in  contact  by  differ- 
ent pipeB  and  under  a  certain  amount  of  pres- 
sure, the  streams  being  regulated  to  suit  the 
work  by  a  stop-cock  on  each  pipe. 

The  amalgamator  is  composed  of  a  sheet-iron 
vat,  which  is  36  inches  in  diameter  at  the  top, 
9  inches  diameter  at  the  bottom,  and  36  inches 
deep.  A  pipe  four  inches  ia  diameter  and 
seven  feet  long,  with  a  hopper  or  funnel,  12 
inches  square  at  the  top  by  6  inches  deep,  serves 
to  feed  the  ore  in,  by  the  top  of  the  funnel, 
being  24  inches  higher  than  the  top  of  the  vat. 
A  one-inch  water  pipe  inside  of  the  feed  pipe, 
supplied  by  a  water  tank  with  pressure,  bringa 
the  gold  and  quioksilver  in  contact  with  such  a 
shock  as  to  compel  the  latter  to  take  hold  of 
the  gold  as  the  sand  is  forced  through  the 
quicksilver  and  raised  to  the  surface  of  the 
bath  in  the  vat.  The  vat  or  bowl  being  con- 
stantly full  of  water,  the  tailings  therein  are 
kept  constantly  stirred  up  and  in  motion  by 
currents  of  water  brought  in  by  three-quarter- 
inch  pipes,  supplied  by  the  water  tank,  the 
preasure  producing  the  rotary  motion  in  the 
vat.  The  tailings  and  surplus  water  run  off  by 
the  top  discharge  or  spout  on  the  upper  edge  of 
the  vat. 

The  pipes  leading  down  into  the  vat,  the 
water  through  which  keep  the  contents  stirred, 
are  provided  with  stop-cocks,  so  as  to  produce 
a  strong  or  light  motion,  which  regulates  the 
discharge  of  the  sand.  Plug  or  discharge  holes 
are  made  in  the  side  of  the  vat,  which  are  kept 
closed  during  the  working  and  used  to  run 
down  the  heavier  saud. 

The  level  of  the  quicksilver  bath  in  the  amal- 
gamator is  indicated  by  the  dotted  lines  as 
shown  at  A  in  the  engraving.  To  clean-up  the 
pipe  in  the  bottom  the  vat  is  opened  and  the 
quicksilver  will  all  run  out.  When  a  new 
charge  of  quicksilver  is  put  in,  the  machine  is 
ready  to  run  again.  It  will  only  be  necessary 
to  renew  the  quicksilver  once  every  two  or 
three  days,  according  to  the  richness  of  the  ore. 
A  36-inch  vat  with  a  four-inch  pipe  is  calcu- 
lated to  do  the  work  for  10  stamps.  This 
would  make  an  extremely  cheap  amalgamator, 
very  light  for  transportation,  and  having  no 
machinery  likely  to  get  out  of  order. 

The  stream  of  water  in  the  pipe  which  comes 
down  through  the  feed  tube  takes  the  ore  in 
said  feed  tube  and  throws  it  in  fine  particles  on 
to  the  surface  of  the  mercury  bath  so  forcibly 
as  to  drive  off  any  slimy  particles  which  may 
be  adhering  to  the  gold,  thus  cleaning  it  and 
admitting  of  perfect  amalgamation.  Then  as 
the  particles  of  pulp  are  forced  through  the 
bath  and  rise  in  the  vat,  all  the  gold  contained 
in  it  iB  amalgamated  and  the  tailings  flow  off  as 
described.  The  inventor,  Mr.  E.  K.  Stevenot, 
mining  engineer,  322  Montgomery  street,  in 
this  city,  will  furnish  further  information  to 
those  desiring  it. 


154 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[March  8,  1879. 


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JAMES  LEFFEL  &  CO.,  Springfield,  Ohio,  or  109  Liberty  St.,  N.  Y. 


'^liiiiiii    P 


LEFFELS'  DOUBLE  TURBINE  WATER  WHEEL 


Spherical  and  Horizontal  Flumes 

And  all  Mill  Gearing-  Espe- 
cially adapted  to 
our  Wheel. 

FLOUR,  SAW, 

AND 

QUARTZ  MILL  Furnishing  Goods 

ETC.    ETC. 


Horizontal  Flume,  Pat.  Apri 


1st,  187S. 

The    only  Water  Wheel   Eeceiving   Three   First-class 
Premiums  at  the  Centennial. 

US'  NO  AGENCY  WITHOUT  MY  AUTHORITY.—  ALL  OTHERS  ARE  FRAUDULENT,  AND  WILL  BE  DEALT 
WITH  ACCORDING  TO  LAW,  BOTH  BUl'ER  AFD  SELLER. 

Prices  greatly  reduced.      Send  lor  New  Illustrated  Catalogue. 

A.  MYERS,  General  Agent  for  Pacific  Coast. 

Address,  P.  0.  BOX  2293,  or  825  OAPP  STREET,  San  Francisco,  Cat. 

When  you  come  to  the  City,  drop  me  a  note  in  the  Post-office,  and  I  will  find  you. 

Send  for  my  New  Illustrated  Wheel  Book  for  1879.  Prices  greatly  reduced  and  less  than 
Eastern  with  freight.  A  large  stock  uf  all  sizes  always  on  hand.  The  only  manufacturer  of  the 
Horizontal  Penstock.  • 


Ingersoll  Rock  Drills. 

0 

In  use  in    the    largest    and  best 
Mines  of  the  Coast. 

HAS    AUTOMATIC  TEED. 

Has  less  Repairs. 

Is  Lighter  and  more   Easily  Ad- 
justed than  any  other  Drill. 
Our  DRY  AIR  COMPRESSORS  are  the  most  Economical  Compressors  in  the  Market, 

*.   MINERS'  HORSE-POWER. 


This  Power  is  especially  adapted  to  working  mines,  hoist 
ing  coal  or  building  material,  etc.  It  will  do  the  work  of  a 
Steam  Engine  with  one-tenth  the  expense.  One  Horse  can 
easily  hoist  over  1,000  pounds  at  a  depth  of  500  feet. 

The  Power  is  mainly  built  of  wrought  iron,  and  cannot  be 
affected  by  exposure.  The  hoisting-drum  ia  thrown  out  of 
gear  by  the  lever,  while  the  load  is  held  in  place  with  a  brake 
by  the  man  tending  bucket,  The  frame  of  the  Power  is 
bolted  to  bed-timbers,  thus  avoiding  all  frame  work.  When 
required  these  Powers  are  made  in  sections  for  packing. 


REYNOLDS,    RIX   &  CO.,  18  &  20   Fremont  St.,  San  Francisco. 


D.  F.  HUTCHINGS. 


D.  M.  DUNNE. 


J.  SANDERSON 


PHCB1TIX    OIL    "WOIR/IECS, 

HUTCHINGS     &    CO., 

OIL    and    COMMISSION    MERCHANTS, 

Manufacturers  and  Dealers  in  Sperm,  Whale.  Lard,  Machinery  and  Illuminating  Oils. 
517    FRONT    STREET     SAN    FRANCISCO. 


C.    L.   G-ILLER, 
SEAL    ENGRAVER    AND    DIE    SINKER, 

No.  430  MONTGOMERY  STREET,  S.  F. 

The  best  Work  done  on  the  moat  reasonable  terms  on 
the  Coast. 


Mining     Books. 

Orders  for  agricultural  and  scientific  hooka  in  general 
will  be  supplied  through  this  office  at  published  rates. 


Dewey  &  Co. {*JS»} Patent  Ag'ts. 


uli$ipe$$  directory. 


WM.    BARTLIKS. 


HENRY  KlilBALL 


BARTLING-    &    KIMBALL, 
BOOKBINDERS, 

Paper  Rulers  &  Blank  Book  Manufacturers, 
505  Clay  Street,(south\vest  corner  Sansome), 

SAN  FRANCISCO. 


Lewis  Peterson. 


John  Olsbon. 


PETERSON   &  OLSSON, 

Model  Makers,  and  Manufacturers  of  Em- 
blematic Signs.    Models  tor  the  Patent 
Office,  in  Wood  or  Metal,  a  specialty, 
NO-    328   BUSH   STREET, 

Bet.  Montgomery  and  Kearny,  (up  stairs),  San  Francisco. 
All  kinds  of  tin,  copper  and  brass  work  made  to  order. 

San  Francisco  Cordage  Company. 

Established    1856. 

We  have  just  added  a  large  amount  of  new  machinery  of 
the  latest  and  most  improved  kind,  and  are  again  prepared 
to  fill  orders  for  Rope  of  any  special  lengths  and  aizefl.  Con- 
stant!)' on  hand  a  large  stock  of  Manila  Rope,  all  sizes: 
Tarred  Manila  Rope;  Hay  Rope;  Whale  Line,  eto  ,  etc 
TUBBS  &  CO., 
611  and  613  Front  Street,  San  Francisco 


CAUTION 

To  Hydraulic  Miners. 

The  public  generally  and  Hydraulic  Miners  especially 
are  hereby  notified  that  any  parties  making  or  using  the 
contrivance  known  as  the  HOSKIN  DEFLECTOR  will  be 
prosecuted  ro  the  full  extent  of  the  law,  Baid  machine 
having  been  declared  by  the  U.  S.  Circuit  Court  an  in- 
fringement upon  my  patent,  the 

Bioomfield  Deflecting  Nozzle. 

The  public  are  also  cautioned  against  using  the  Hoskin 
Deflector  because  of  its  danger  to  life  and  limb,  this  de- 
vice having  already  occasioned  several  deaths  and  other 
serious  accidents.  The  BLOOMF1ELD  DEFLECTOR  is 
entirely  safe,  its  two  and  a  half  years  use  without  acci- 
dent, as  welt  as  its  construction,  proves  it  to  be  a  reliable 
contrivance. 

Any  parties  wishing  to  purchase  the  right  to  use  these 
Deflectors  can  do  so  by  applying  to  the  undersigned, 

HENRY  C.  PERKINS, 
North  Bloomfleld,  Nevada  Co,  Cil.,  Octo- 
ber 1st,  1878. 


J.  S.  PHILLIPS,  m.  e„ 

Consulting  Engineer  I  Metallurgist, 
Examiner  of  Mines  and  Assayer, 

702    CALIFORNIA     STREET, 
Author  of—  »  ■  ■  ■  San  Francmco. 

The  Explorers',  Miners'  and  Metallurgists'  Companion, 

67'2  pages,  83  Illustrations,  (2d  Edition.)    Price 3  10  50 

The  Prospector's  "  Wee  Pet "  Assayer,  (Patented) 100  00 

The  Testing  Machine  for  Gold,  Silver,  Lead,  etc 40  00 

The  "Little  Wonder"  Self -calculating  Sample  and 

Button  Weigher,  (Patented) 25  00 

Elow-pipist3'  Pocket  Laboratory  of  Tools,  Fluxes,  etc.    60  00 

Vest  Pocket  Blowpipe 3  00 

CHARGES.— Assaying,  $3;  Testing,  $2  per  metal. 

Assaying  and  Testing  Taught. 

RFn      ^u's  elegant  and  spa 
DAI     HPT  II  cious  S    F.   Restaurant 

F  li  I    U  I  .  r         "■'has  been  re-opened  with 
■    n*-«w^  I      superior  bill  of  fare  dai- 

ESTAURAN 1  ggBgjg 

*>lft  Canenmo  St  ly,  and  1b  now  the  best 
«lQ    OttDSOmo  Qt.     andmost  popular  dining 

■■^ —^^™  saloon  on  this  Coast. 
[Lunch  ready  at  10  A.  M.]  Resident  business  men  and  visi- 
tors from  abroad  will  be  wise  in  giving  this  place  an  early 
call.    Examine  bill  of  fare  and  prices. 

HERMAN  H.  HORST,  Prop'r. 

PRINTER'S   PROOF  PRESS, 

COMPLETE    AND    IN    GOOD    WORKING    ORDER, 

(For  Sale  at  this  office, 
AT   THE    LOW    PRICE    OF    $37-50. 

j(3f  Call  and  see  it.-$l 


Pocket  Map  of  California  and  Nevada. 

Compiled  from  the  latest  authentic  sources,  by  Chaa. 
Drayton  Gibbs,  C.  E.  This  map  comprises  information 
obtained  from  the  U.  S.  Coast  and  Land,  Whitney's  State 
Geological,  and  Railroad  Surveys;  and  from  the  results  of 
explorations  made  by  R.  S.  Williamson,  U.  S.  A.,  Henry 
Degroot,  C.  D.  Gibbs*  and  others.  The  scale  is  18  miles  to 
1  inch.  It  gives  the  Judicial  and  U.  S.  Land  Districts. 
It  distinguishes  the  Townships  and  their  subdivisions;  the 
County  Seats;  The  Military  Posts;  the  Railroads  built  and 
proposed,  and  the  limits  of  some  of  them;  the  occurrence 
of  gold,  silver,  copper,  quicksilver,  tin,  coal  and  oil.  It 
has  a  section  showing  the  hights  of  the  principal  moun- 
tains The  boundaries  are  clear  and  unmistakable,  and 
the  print  good.  1S78.  Sold  by  DEWEY  &  CO.  Price, 
postpaid,  §2;  to  subscribers  of  this  journal,  until  further 
notice,  $1. 


Patent? 


OBTAINED  IN  U.  S.  AND  FOREIGN 
COUNTRIES;  trademarks,  labels  and  copy- 
rights registered  through  DEWEY  &  CO. '& 
Mining  and  Scientific  Preus  Patent 
Agency,  San  Francisco.  Send  for  tree  circular 


March  8,    1879. j 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


155 


fletalllifflf  apd  Oreg. 

Nevada    Metallurgical    Works, 

No.  23    STEVENSON  STREET. 
Near  First  ami  Market  Streets. 

Ores  worked  by  any  process. 

Ores  sampled. 

AssAYl.se.  in  all  its  branches. 

Analysis  of  Ores,  Alinorals,  Waters,  etc 

WORKING  TESTS  MADE. 

Hans  furnished  for  the  most  suitable  process 
lor  working  Ores. 

Special  attention  paid  to  Examinations  of 
Mines;  plans  and  roports  furnished. 

E.  HTJHN, 

C.  A.  LUCKHARDT. 
Mining  Engineers  and  Metallurgists 

JOHN  TAYLOR  &  CO., 

Importers  of  and  Dealers  in 

ASSAYERS'  MATERIALS, 

CHEMICAL  APPARATUS  AND  CHEMICALS,  DRUG- 
GISTS' GLASSWARE  AND  SUNDRIES,  Etc. 

512  &  518  Washington  St.,  San  Francisco 

Wo  would  call  the  special  attention  of  Assayers,  Chem- 
ists, Hiriing  Companies,  Milling  Companies,  Prospectors, 
etc.,  to  our  stock  of  Clay  Crucibles,  Muffles,  Dry  Cups, 
etc.,  manufactured  by  the  Patent  Plumbago  Cruci- 
ble Co.,  of  London,  England,  for  which  we  have 
been  made  Sole  Agents  for  the  Pacific  Coant.  Circulars 
with  prices  will  be  sent  upon  application. 

Aixo,  to  our  large  and  well  adapted  stock  of 

Assayers'  Materials  &  Chemical  Apparatus, 

Having  been  engaged   in   furnishing  these  supplies  since 
the  first  discovery  of  mines  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 

iSTOur  Gold  nnd  Silver  Tables,  showing  the  value  per 
ounce  Troy  at  different  degrees  of  fineness,  and  valuable 
tables  for  compulation  of  assays  in  grains  and  grammes, 
will  be  sent  free  upon  application. 

JOHN    TAYLOR    &    CO. 


LEOPOLD    KUH, 

(Formerly  of  the  U.  S.  Branch  Mint,  S.  F.) 

Assayer   and    Metallurgical    Chemist, 

No.  611  COMMERCIAL  STREET, 
(Between  Montgomery  and  Kearny,) 

Sajj  Francisco,  Cal. 


OTTOKAR  HOFMANN, 
METALLURGIST  and  MINING  ENGINEER, 

415  Mission  St.,  bet.  First  and  Fremont  Streets, 
SAN    FRANCISCO. 
£5TErection  of  Leaching    Works  a  Specialty. 
4-y"Leachiner  Tests  made. 


TKOS.   PRICE'S 

Office    and    Chemical 
Laboratory, 

524  Sacramento  St.,  S.  F. 


8.  F.  Dbetkex.  Wm.  E.  Smith. 

PIONEER  REDUCTION  WORKS, 

Channel  Street,  off  foot  of  Fourth,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Highest  price  paid  for  Sulphurets  Arseniurets,  Tellurides 
and  Gold  Ores  generally. 
'  Careful  attention  paid  to  practical  working  tests  on  a 
large  scale  of  Gold-bearing  Quartz  and  ores  of  a  refractory 
and  sulphureted  nature: 
-  Will  examine,  report  on,  and  survey  mining  properties. 


METALLURGICAL   WORKS, 

STRONG    &    CO.,   10  Stevenson   Street, 

ORES  SAMPLED,  TESTED,  ASSAYED. 


GU  I  DO      KUSTEL, 

MINING  ENGINEER  and  METALLURGIST 

P.    0     Address:    ALAMEDA.     CAL. 

F.  MOORECEOFT, 

Stozie  Seal  Engraver 

THURLOW    BLOCK, 

Room  33,  126  Kearny  St. ,  Cor.  Sutter,  San  Francisco. 


Goats  of  Arms,  Crests,  Monograms  and  Ma- 
sonic Inscriptions  Carefully  Engraved. 


Awarded  highest  prize  at  Centennial  Exposition  for 
fine  chewing  qualities  and  excellence  and  lasting  char- 
acter of  sweetening  and  flavoring.  The  best  tobacco 
over  made.  As  our  blue  strip  trade-mark  is  closely 
imitated  on  inferior  Roods,  see  that  Jarfrsnn's  Best  is 
on  every  jilng.  Sold  by  all  dealers.  Send  for  cample, 
free,  to  Cf.  A.  Jackson  &  Co.,  Mfra.,  Petersburg,  wfc 

L^  &E,;  "WERTHHEIMER,  Ag-'tS.^an  Francisco. 


ELECTRIC    LIGHT. 

BRUSH     PATENT. 
The  Best,  Cheapest,  Cleanest,  and  Most  Powerful  Light  in  the  World 

In  daily  use  at  the  Palace  Hotel  and  the  Union  Iron  "Works,  S.  F. 


For  Lighting  Mines,  Factories,  Mills,  Streets, 
Theaters,  Public  Halls,  Etc.,  It  has  no  Equal, 
either  for  Brilliancy  or  Cheapness. 

For  further  particulars,  Catalogues,  Prices,  Etc., 
apply  to 

WILLIAM    KERR, 

President  S.  F.  Telegraph  Supply  Co., 

903  Battery  St.,  San  Francisco. 


Address,  FB-A-SER,  CH-AJLiMiaRS  dt  CO..  OlLica.fcO,  lil. 


Boswell  Pure  Air  Heater  Company 

OF    CALIFORNIA. 
Eugene  L.  Sullivan,  Pres't.      T.  C.  Winchell,  Vice-Pres't.      S.  R.  Lippincott,  Sec'y 

Authorized  Capital,  $100,000.,    Cash  Capital,  paid  up,  $32,000. 

o 

Manufacture  and  hare  for  sale  any  size  or  capacity 

Boswell's  Patent  Combined  Cooker,  Heater  and  Drier.    ■ 

ALSO,    BOSWELL'S    COMMERCIAL    FRUIT    DRIER. 

ALSO,    BOSWELL'S    VENTILATING    HEATER 

Office,  606  Montgomery  Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


Engraving  done  at  this  office, 


In  consequence  of  spurious  imitations  of 

LEA    AND    PERRINS'    SAUCE, 

■which  are  calculated  to  deceive  the  Public,  Lea  and  Per  rim 
have  adopted  A  NE  W  LABEL,  bearing  their  Signature, 
thus, 

-which  is  placed  on  every  bottle  of  WORCESTERSHIRE 
SA  UCE,  and  mithoid  which  none  is  genuine. 

Ash  for  LEA  &  PERRINS'  Sauce,  and  see  Name  on  Wrapper,  Label,  Bottle  and  Stopper. 
Wholesale  and  for  Export  by  the  Proprietors,  Worcester;  Crosse  and  Blackwell,  London 
&*c,  Grc. ;  and  by  Grocers  and  Oilmen  throi'-hout  the  Wo-ld. 

To  be  obtained  of  CROSS  Sc  CO..  San  Francisco. 


MANHATTAN  FIRE  BRICK   AND   CLAY  RETORT  WORKS, 

ADAM    WEBBER,    PROPRIETOR. 
Office— No.    633    Bast   15th   Street,   New    York 

CLAY  GAS  RETORTS,  (Glazed  and  Unglazed,)  GAS  HOUSE  TILES,  FIRE  BRICK 
BLOCKS,  ETC.,  FIRE  CLAY  AND  SAND  ALWAYS   ON  HAND. 

ASSAY  MUFFLES  AND  FURNACES. 

CUPOLA  BRICKS  FOR    McKENZIE  AND  OTHER  CUPOLAS. 
(Refer  to  the  San  Francisco  Gas  Light  Company  and  to  the  Pacific  Rolling  Mills.) 


(rtachipejy. 


PACIFIC  MACHINERY  DEPOT. 
H.    P.    GREGORY    &    CO., 

Cor.  California  &  Market  Streets,  S.  F.  Cal 
Importers  of  and  Dealers  in 

Machinery  of  all  Descriptions. 

SOLE  AGENTS  FOR  PACIFIC  COAST  FOR 

J.  A.  Far  &  Co. 'a  Woodworking  Machinery, 

Bement  &  Sons'  Machinists'  Tools, 

Blake's  Patent  Steam  Pumps, 

N.  Y.  Belting  <Ss  Packing  Co.'s  Rubber  Goods 

Sturtevant  Blowers  and  Exhaust  Fans, 

Tantte  Co.'s  Emery  Wheels  and  Machinery 

Payne's  Vertical  Engines  and  Boilers, 

rudson's  Standard  Governors, 

Dreyfus'  Self  Oilers, 

Gould  Manufacturing  Co.'s  Hand  Pumps, 

Piatt's  Patent  Fuse  Lighters, 

Lovejoy's  Planer  Knives. 

A    PULL    LIXR   OP 

Belting,   Packing,   Hose,  and  Other 
Mill  and  Mining  Supplies  on  Hand. 

dSTSend  for  Illustrated  Catalogue. 


J.    TUOSISON.  C.    H.   EVAMS 

THOMSON   &   EYAKS, 

(Succesaors  to  Thomson  &  Paukkr.)  ; 

Engineers  and  Machinists. 


Steam  Pumps,  Steam  Engines,  Hoisting, 

Pumping,  Quartz  Mill,  Mining,  Saw 

Mill   Machinery.   Specialties. 

Plans  and  Specifications  for  Machinery  furnislied.    Re- 
pairing promptly  attended  to. 

110  &  112  Beale  St.,  San  Francieco. 


FOR    SALE. 


SEVERAL  SECOND-HAND 

PORTABLE   ENGINES, 

FOR    SALE    CHEAP. 

Sizes,  from  eight   horse-power   to  twenty-five   horse- 
power.    IN  PERFECT  RUNNING  ORDER.     Apply  to 

JOSEPH  EjNRIGHT, 

San  Jose,  California. 


BERRY  &  PLACE 

rtSAN:FJ3ANGISC0,CAL.W- 

_-:  CIRCULARS  SeNT.FREE  fO  iiLLL*L. 


THE  IMPROVED  0'HARRA 

0HL0EIDIZING  FUENAOE. 

Patented  Sept.  10th,  1878. 

Now  in  Operation  at  the  Extra  Mining  Co.'s 
Works,  Copper  City,  Shasta  Co.,  Cal. 

Two  men  and  two  cords  of  wood  roast 

Forty  Tons  of  Ore  in  Twenty-four  Fours, 

Giving  a  full  chlorination  (100%)  at  a  cost  of  30  cents  per 
on.     Address, 

O'HARRA    &    FERGUSON, 
Furnaceville,  Shasta  Co.,  Cal 

Or  CHAS.  W.  CEANE,  Agent, 

Room  10.  Safe  Deposit  Building,  San  Francisco. 


507  Mechanical  Movements. 

Every  mechanic  Should  have  a  copy  of  Brown's  507  Me- 
chanical Movements,  illustrated  and  described.  Inventors, 
model  makers  and  amateur  mechanics  and  students,  will 
find  the  work  valuable  far  beyond  its  coBt.  Sold  by 
Dewey  &  Co.,  Patsnt  Agents  and  publishers  of  Mining 
and  Scientific  Press,  San  Francisco.  Price,  §1,  (post  paid, 


156 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[March  8,  1879. 


[Continued  from  page  149] 


moras.  Late  reports  from  the  Eescue,  at  Silverado,  con- 
firm the  report  of  a  rich  strike.  The  ore  in  the  Needle 
mine  is  increasing  in  value.     It  is  worked  by  two  shifts. 

REESE  RIVER  DISTRICT. 

Manhattan.— Reveille,  Mar.  1:  The  517  west  drift  of 
the  Curtis  shaft  now  carries  a  large  ledge  of  very  good  ore, 
which  seems  to  improve  in  going  up.  The  560  stope  also 
carries  the  same  ore  on  the  west  and  below  the  617  drift. 
The  bottom  ledge  is  smaller,  but  contains  fine  ore.  The 
560  west  drift  having  been  run  some  distance  ahead  of  the 
stope  has  been  stopped.  A  chute,  which  is  being  raised 
from  the  600  west  drift  to  the  560,  carries  good  ore.  The 
825  stope  improves  daily  as  the  ore  body  is  opened  out. 
The  825  east  drift  being  quite  a  distance  ahead  of  the  ore 
chimney  and  the  ventilation  being  bad,  has  been  stopped. 
Sinking  the  winze,  in  the  North  Star  shaft,  in  the  600 
west  drift  has  been  started,  but  it  will  be  some  distance  to 
the  ledge. 

Western  Nye. — Grantsville  Sun,  Feb.  26:  A  discovery 
has  been  made  in  the  lower  south  tunnel  of  the  Alexander 
mine.  This  strike  is  regarded  as  valuable  because  it  is 
below  the  water  line,  and  most  clearly  demonstrates  the 
depth  and  permanency  of  the  mine.  At  a  depth  of  244  ft 
a  ledge  of  sulphuret  ore  has  been  discovered.  The  ledge 
has  been  prospected  for  seven  it,  and  as  yet  no  signs  of  a 
foot  wall  have  been  discovered.  The  ore  hitherto  en- 
countered in  all  the  upper  levels  has  been  gray  chloride 
and  carbonate;  at  this  point  the  ore  body  is  changed  to  a 
heavy  black  sulphuret.  The  ore  from  this  ledge  assays 
from  §40  to  $380  per  ton. 


COLORADO. 

Phcenix-Mainb.—  Courier,  Feb.  28:  Work  at  present  on 
this  property  is  confined  to  the  two  upper  levels  of  the 
Coldstream  shaft  where  three  parties  of  lessees  are  at 
work.  On  the  60  level,  Henry  Stanton  &  Sons  are  work- 
ing the  east  stope,  that  shows  an  ore  streak  from  two  to 
three  inches  thick  that  mills  from  110  to  300  ounces.  On 
the  second  level,  Chris.  Hanson  &  Co.  are  working  a 
double  shift  drifting  east,  the  breast  of  their  drift  show- 
ing a  etreak  of  ore  that  averages  about  an  inch  in  thick- 
ness. Ben.  Stanton  &  Co.  are  working  the  stope  between 
the  first  and  second  levels,  their  ore  being  from  two  to  six 
inches  thick  but  of  a  low  grade — their  last  mill  run  dressed 
into  one  class,  giving  but  65  ounces  per  ton.  The  com- 
pany is  erecting  a  California  whim  at  this  shaft,  as  the 
engine  which  was  formerly  here,  has  been  placed  at  the 
Phcenix  shaft. 

Backbone. — The  main  shaft  on  this  lode,  now  125  ft 
deep,  is  being  sunk  by  Bobert  Woods  &  Co.  under  con- 
tract. Probably  40  ft  farther  will  be  reached  before  an- 
other level  is  started,  which  will  leave  a  block  of  ground 
for  sloping  between  the  first  aud  second  levels  100  ft  deep. 
Below  the  first  level  the  shaft  Bhows  ore  its  entire  length, 
but  in  places  carries  considerable  iron.  The  bottom  now 
Bhows  about  a  dozen  ore  veins  in  the  crevice,  the  largest 
of  which  are  from  an  inch  and  a  half  to  two  inches  in 
thickness,  composed  of  fine-grained  galena. 

The  Sunshine  M.  Co.'s  mine,  the  Specie  Payment,  is 
producing  as  heavily  as  ever.  They  are,  however,  piling 
up  most  of  the  ore,  their  turbine  wheel  having  given  out 
several  weeks  ago.  They  have  their  mill  here  full  of  ore, 
as  well  as  custom  mill  in  Russell  gulch,  and  will  resume 
operations  shortly,  as  they  are  expecting  a  new  wheel  on 
every  train. 

IDAHO. 

Snaee  River  Placers.—  States-man,  Feb.  20:  Locations 
of  mining  ground  have  been  made  from  the  confluence  of 
the  northern  and  southern  branches  of  the  great  river, 
down  to  Glenn's  ferry,  250  miles.  Electro-plated  ma- 
chines are  now  being  generally  introduced.  A  Salt  Lake 
company  is  located  and  working  about  five  miles  below 
Salmon  Falls.  It  has  a  force  of  only  four  men  at  work, 
running  day  and  night,  with  a  result  of  $1,50  per  hour  for 
the  two  men  engaged;  the  couples  working  alternately, 
each  12  hours.  This  company  will  put  in  another  machine 
soon.  A  California  company  are  putting  in  two  machines. 
Charles  Lane  is  workingtwo  machines  at  Bonanza  bar,100 
miles  above  the  falls.  Lane  has  demonstrated  that  the 
high  bars  on  the  river  pay  about  84,000  per  acre.  All  the 
bars  that  yield  25  or  30  colors  to  the  pan  pay  from  $35  to 
$40  per  day.  Some  Salt  Lake  companies  are  at  work  on 
the  south  branch  of  the  Snake  river,  about  40  or  50  miles 
above  the  mouth  of  that  branch.  About  120  miners' 
inches  of  water  are  required  to  work  a  machine  of  ordi- 
nary Bize.  The  prices  of  the  machines  vary  from  32,000  to 
$3,000.  The  gold  is  worth  about  §21  per  ounce;  the  gold 
being  almost  pure.  Only  a  small  section  of  the  river  has 
yet  been  tested  by  the  new  process;  but  it  is  known  that 
the  same  character  of  gold  is  generally  diffused  th  rough- 
out  the  gravel  deposits  along  the  entire  length  of  the 
river. 

Banner.— Cor.  World,  Feb.  18:  The  boys  at  No.  2  are 
in  214  feet  with  their  new  tunnel,  and  this  morning 
struck  the  porphyry,  which  lays  on  the  foot  wall  of  the 
ledge.  The  vein  will  be  encountered  to-day,  and  big 
things  may  be  heard  from  this  enterprise  soon.  A  large 
stream  of  water  is  running  from  the  face  of  the  tunnel, 
which  is  indicative  that  all  the  old  Bhafts  and  stopes  of 
Banner  No.  1  are  being  drained. 

UTAH. 

Notes.— Silver  Reef  Miner,  Feb.  22:  The  Foundry  and 
Iron  mines  have  been  purchased  by  Messrs.  Campbell, 
Cullen  &  Co. ,  the  ore  going  from  $20  to  $60in  silver  to  the 
ton.  The  district  is  known  as  the  Silver  Belt  district. 
The  foundry  and  mines  will  start  up  about  the  1st  of 
March.  Mr.  BurgesB  has  put  a  force  of  men  to  work  in 
his  coal  mine,  and  has  considerable  coal  on  the  dump. 
Reports  from  the  Salmon  river  mining  country  are  more 
than  favorable,  and  a  good  many  Salt  Lakers  are  prepar- 
ing to  locate  there  as  soon  as  the  mining  season  opens. 
No  unfavorable  report  seems  to  have  been  made  relative 
to  the  locality,  and  every  prospect  in  course  of  develop- 
ment is  turning  out  beyond  the  most  sanguine  expecta- 
tions. A  doubt  has  existed  as  to  the  permanency  of  the 
mines,  but  so  far  the  farther  down  the  miners  go  the 
richer  appears  to  be  the  ore.  The  Stormont  mill  shut 
down  for  about  48  hours,  to  put  in  a  set  of  new  tanks. 
The  Iron  county  excitement  did  not  "pan  out"  worth  a 
cent.  The  rock  brought  back  showed  no  mineral.  The 
country  rock  where  the  Bpecimena  were  obtained,  is  the 
variety  generally  known  as  the  black  volcanic,  and  has 
never  been  known  to  carry  mineral  of  any  kind. 


Arizona. 

[Written  for  the  Press.] 

Notes  of  a  Trip  Through  th©  Territory. 

As  we  shall  leave  this  p.  m.  for  California, 
or  to  go  "inside"  as  they  call  it  here,  via 
Phenix  and  Maricopa  Wells,  we  will  make  a 
few  observations  as  to  how  we  got  here,  what 
we  have   seen  and   whom  met. 

Leaving  San  Francisco  on  Wednesday,  Jan. 
Sth,  at  4  P.  M.,  we  sup  at  Lathrop  and  find  our- 
selves at  Mohave,  on  the  desert  of  the  same 
name,  at  breakfast.  This  is  a  very  bleak  and 
desolate  place,  but  has  considerable,  importance 
as  the  point  of  departure  for  the  Lone  Pine 
mining  district  and  the  country  adjacent  there- 
to.    In  this  region  the  tree  cactus  abounds  and 


Some  20  persons  are  under  indictment  at 
Springfield  for  complicity  in  the  whisky  frauds. 
Many  of  them  are  the  most  prominent  and 
wealthy  citizens. 

C.  W.  Angell,  defaulting  Secretary  of  the 
Pullman  Palace  Car  Company,  has  been  sen- 
tenced to  10  years  in  the  penitentiary. 

A  fire  at  Reno,  on  the  2d,  destroyed  350 
buildings,  valued  at  $1,000,000.  Five  men  and 
one  woman  perished  in  the  flames. 


Wheat  is  coming  forward  at  Portland  in 
increased  volume,  and  buyers  willingly  take  all 
offered  at  current  rates. 


Channel  storms  and  snow  drifts  on  the  con- 
tinent practically  prevent  postal  communica- 
tion with  England. 

The  rivers  and  creeks  of  southern  Oregon 
which  have  connection  with  the  ocean  are  filled 
with  fine  salmon, 


grows  to  a  hight  of  twenty  and  thirty  feet, 
throwing  out  its  thick  arms  in  a  most  grotesque 
way.  It  is  the  Harlequin  of  tree  life.  About 
an  hour  before  reaching  Mohave  we  wind  around 
the  "Loop."  This  novelty  in  engineering  is 
340  miles  from  San  Francisco,  its  length  3,795 
feet,  difference  in  elevation  78  feet.  Between 
Caliente  and  Summit  there  are  17  tunnels,  the 
longest  of  which  is  1,300  feet.  Leaving  the 
desert  we  wind  in  and  out  through  the  Soledad 
pass  and  through  the  San  Fernando  tunnel, 
which  is  as  straight  as  an  arrow  and  6, 967  feet 
in  length,  down  into  the  valley  of  San  Fernando. 
At  Ravena,  51  miles  north  of  Los  Angeles, 
in  the  Soledad  pass,  is  located  a  mill  for  utiliz- 
ing the  cactus  of  this  region  by  working  into 
paper.  At  a  station  called  Andrews,  three 
mileB  south  of  Newhalls,  is  located  an  oil  well 
and  a  refinery.  An  attractive  looking  hotel  is 
also  being  built  here,  and  we  were  informed 
that  the  stages  for  Santa  Barbara  would  soon 
leave  from  this  point  instead  of  from  Newhalls 
as  heretofore. 

We  had  about  an  hour  and  a  half  at  Los 
Angeles  for  dinner,  which  was  a  great  deal  of 
time  for  the  dinner  provided.  Leaving  at  about 
3  p.  m.,  we  reached  Yuma  at  10  A.  m.,  January 
10th,  three  hours  late.  Fare  from  San  Fran- 
cisco to  Yuma,  $45,  and  $5  extra  for  sleeper. 
Breakfasting  at  the  "Colorado"  we  left  on  the 
"bnckboard"  at  11  a.  m.  for  Prescott,  via  Castle 
Dome  and  Tysour  Wells;  stage  fare,  $50. 

As  this  route  from  Yuma  to  Prescott,  for  gen- 
eral travel,  will  soon  be  of  the  past  we  will  note 
a  few  observations  concerning  it.  We  arrived 
at  Castle  Dome  about  5  r.  m.  ;  distance  from 
Yuma,  30  miles;  one  change  of  horses;  time,  six 
hours.  We  forded  the  Gila  soon  after  leaving 
Yuma,  and  the  day's  ride  was  along  the  Colo- 
rado, through  the  mesquit  and  greaseweed, 
arrow-wood  and  palo  verde,  mostly  over  a  sandy 
plain,  monotonous  and  uninteresting,  except 
for  the  changing  views  afforded  by  the  distant 
mountain  ranges  on  both  sides  of  the  river.  We 
arrived  at  Tysour  on  the  morning  of  the  11th, 
nearly  dead  with  the  cold,  which  penetrated  to 
the  very  marrow,  notwithstanding  our  innumer- 
able wrappings.  Distance  from  Castle  Dome, 
65  miles;  time,  14  hours;  two  stages  of  30  and 
35  miles.  This  line  seems  to  be  badly  served. 
They  run  but  two  horses  to  a  stage,  which,  with 
the  mails,  express  matter,  considerable  luggage 
aud  three  passengers  and  driver  is  too  much  of 
a  load  over  heavy  roads  for  two  horses  on  long 
stages  of  30  and  35  miles  without  change.  Ty- 
sour is  on  the  direct  road  from  Ehrenberg,  on 
the  Colorado,  to  Prescott  and  Wickenberg,  and 
is  distant  from  the  river  22  miles.  Our  course 
to  this  point  has  been  nearly  north;  here  we 
change  to  the  northeast.  We  reached  Desert 
station,  28  mile3  from  Tysour,  about  2  p.  m., 
where  we  changed  horses  and  lunched,  arriving 
at  Centennial  station,  18  miles  from  Desert, 
about  7  P.  M.,  making  46  miles  for  the  day's 
travel  across  the"  desert  and  over  low  ridges, 
the  monotony  of  the  ride  only  broken  by  the 
stories  of  adventure  and  exploit  as  told  by 
"French  Joe,  "a  celebrated  character  in  these 
parts,  whom  we  took  up  as  an  additional  pas- 
senger at  Tysour. 

We  arrived  at  Cave  Creek  at  4:30  a.  m.,  after 
a  night  ride  of  30  miles.  We  hardly  had  time 
to  thaw  out  our  stiffened  fingers  and  swallow  our 
miserable  breakfast  of  fried  bacon  and  beans  be- 
fore the  "all  aboard"  was  given  for  our  last 
day's  ride  into  Prescott.  The  road  this  day, 
mostly  mountainous,  leading  across  the  ridges, 
up  and  down.  Some  25  miles  out  from  Pres- 
cott we  struck  into  Kirkland  valley,  through 
which  a  sparkling  stream  of  water  runs,  and 
cattle  in  considerable  numbers  are  grazing:  on 
either  hand.  This  was  the  first  bit  of  land"  we 
had  seen  in  200  miles  worth  two  brass  buttons. 
We  dined  at  Dixon's  station  at  2  p.  ai. ,  where  we 
got  the  only  good  meal  on  the  road,  and  this 
was  good.  Shortly  after  leaving  Dixon's,  fine 
timber  begins  to  show  itself  upon  the  mountain 
sides.  We  have  been  gradually  ascending  all 
day  and  at  8  P.  M.  we  reach  Prescott  (6,000  feet 
above  the  sea),  58  miles  from  Cave  Creek;  time, 
about  14  hours,  and  a  total  distance  of  249  miles 
from  Yuma;  total  time,  57  hours.  We  may  say 
here,  in  a  general  way,  that  traveling  in  the 
Territory  is  uncomfortable  and  expensive. 
Stage  fares  are  from  20  to  25  cents  a  mile; 
meals,  $1,  and  in  the  mountains  $2.50  for  keep- 
ing a  horse  over-night. 

Upon  arriving  in  Prescott  we  found  the 
weather  clear  and  cold,  with  some  snow.  The 
Supreme  Court  and  Legislature  were  both  in 
session,  which  brought  together  many  of  the 
representative  men  of  the  Territory.  The  Gov- 
ernor, General  J.  C.  Fremont,  and  his  family 
are  very  popular.  He  has  hardly  been  here 
long  enough  to  have  become  personally  known 


to  many  of  his  widely  scattered  constituents, 
but  from  his  early  official  connection  with  this 
coast,  opening  it  up  as  it  were  for  occupation  by 
the  Americans,  he  has  a  strong  hold  upon  the 
hearts  of  this  people.  The  Hon.  Secretary, 
Captain  Gosper,  and  the  U.  S.  Marshal,  Major 
Dake,  both  served  with  distinction  in  the  war 
for  the  suppression  of  the  rebellion,  and"  are 
efficient  in  the  discharge  of  their  official  duties 
and  active  in  developing  the  material  resources 
of  the  Territory.  Chief  Justice  French,  whose 
home  is  in  Tuscon,  has  had  a  long  experience 
upon  the  Bench,  and  iB  well  and  favorably 
known  throughout  the  Territory.  A  man  of 
imposing  presence  and  great  dignity  of  charac- 
ter, Judge  Porter,  whose  home  is  in  Yuma,  has 
been  seven  years  upon  the  Territorial  Bench, 
and  is  well  informed  upon  Territorial  law, 
usuage  and  precedents  and  is  in  every  way  a 
valuable  officer.  Judge  Chas.  Silent,  the  most 
recent  appointment  to  the  Bench  of  Arizona,  is 
from  San  Jose,  California ;  is  a  clear  head- 
ed lawyer  and  an  upright  Judge.  He  has  made 
a  host  of  friends  in  the  Territory  by  introducing 
reforms  in  the  administration  of  justice,  expe- 
diting the  business  of  the  court  and  reducing 
very  materially  its  expenses. 

Among  the  representative  men  in  the  Legis- 
lature is  the  Hon.  C.  C.  Bean,  a  member  of  the 
council,  who  is  an  old  resident  in  this  part  of 
the  Territory  and  knows  every  road,  trail,  and 
stream  in  the  Bradsbaws.  He  loves  the  rugged 
mountain  peaks  and  dark  canyons  and  knows 
them  all  by  name.  He  has  traveled  all  over 
and  through  them  and  the  country  is  like  an 
old  map  to  him.  He  is  largely  engaged  in  min- 
ing and  has  done  much  to  develop  the  mining 
interests  of  the  country  and  takes  a  broad  view 
regarding  the  opening  up  of  the  country  to  cap- 
ital and  population. 

In  a  future  letter  I  may  give  your  readers 
some  further  information  concerning  the  general 
resources  and  condition  of  Arizona,  and  then 
tell  them  my  impressions  of  its  mineral  wealth. 

W.  H.  S. 

Prescott,  A.  T.,  Feb.  12th,  1879. 


News  in  Brief! 

Nevada  has  a  female  hermit. 
There  is  15  feet  of  snow  in  Schleswig. 
In  1878  the  Parisians  ate  11,319  horses  and 
mules. 

Columbus,  Ohio,  has  been  five  times  fired  by 
thieves. 

The  new  pension  bill  places  Jeff  Davis  on  the 
penson  list. 

Reform  in  the  tenement  house  system  in  New 
York,  is  proposed. 

A  treaty  between  Germany  and  Samoa  was 
signed  January  24th. 

Another  earthquake  was  felt  at  Arequipa  on 
the  19th  ult.     No  damage. 

Yakoob  Kahn  is  making  friendly  overtures 
to  the  Viceroy  of  India. 

The  aggregate  debts  of  the  StateB  of  the 
Union  is  $345,197,000. 

The  tax  levy  in  Anaheim,  the  past  year,  was 
only  60  cents  on  the  $100. 

Decision  will  soon  be  reached  on  the  cele- 
brated "mining  debris"  suit. 

There  has  been  a  half- million- dollar  run  on 
a  New  Orleans  savings  bank. 

The  Union  Pacific,  Kansas  Pacific  and  Col- 
orado Central  have  consolidated. 

A  German  company  are  about  to  establish  a 
beet  sugar  factory  at  Los  Angeles. 

Canada  protests  against  a  proposed  parlia- 
mentary duty  on  American  grain. 

The   government    troops   have   defeated  the 

revolutionists  at  Antioquia  in  Central  America. 

Hogs  in  Yolo  county  have   recently    been 

afflicted  with  a  disease  resembling  diphtheria. 

One  hundred    and    seventy-eight  arrests 

were  made  by  the  police  in  Oakland,  last  month. 

Mississippi  farmers  are  getting  uneasy   over 

the  prospect  of  a  wholesale  departure  of  negroes 

for  Kansas. 

Female  students  are  to  be  admitted  to  Har- 
vard College,  but  subject  to  a  separate  govern- 
ing board. 

The  Potter  committee  report  that  Tilden 
carried  Florida  and  Louisiana,  but  was  counted 
out  by  the  Republicans. 

The  Stockton  Independent  argues  that  San 
Joaquin  farmers  could  not  successfully  cultivate 
so  small  a  patch  as  150  acres. 

Twenty-three  sailors,  on  their  way  from 
Ferrel,  Spain,  to  spend  the  carnival  in  their 
native  village,  were  capsized  by  a  squall  and 
drowned. 

Several  tons  of  ice  have  been  put  up  at  Mark 
West  springs,  Sonoma  county,  this  winter.  The 
first  time  in  the  history  of  the  county  that  it 
has  been  attempted. 

The  rebellion  against  the  Chinese  government 
in  Kashgar  has  been  completely  crushed,  and 
remnants  of  the  defeated  force  are  returning  to 
Russian  territory. 

A  Cincinnati  paper  says  a  man  named  Demp- 
sey  leaves  for  California  to  engage  a  cargo  of 
Chinese,  which  he  will  work  as  laborers  on  his 
air-line  railroad  contract. 

A  span  110  feet  long  of  the  iron  railroad 
bridge  of  the  Chicago  and  Alton  road  at  Wil- 
mington, 111.,  gave  way,  precipitating  three 
coal  cars  into  the  Kanakee  river. 

The  San  Simeon  whale  station  gives  employ- 
ment to  21  men.  Eleven  whales  have  been 
taken  this  season,  averaging  40  barrels  of  oil  a 
piece.     The  oil  is  worth  about  $12  per  barrel. 

The  Workingmen  will  send  a  lecturer,  ac- 
companied by  a  Chinese  leper,  to  follow  on  the 
track  of  Otis  Gibson  and  his  convert  to  Chris- 
tianity, that  the  people  of  the  East  may  see 
what  Chinese  immigration  means. 


Notices  of  Recent  Patents. 

Among  the  patents  recently  obtained  through 
Dewey  &  Co.'s  Scientipic  Press  American  and 
Foreign  Patent  Agency,  the  following  are  worthy 
of  special  mention:' 

Attachment  for  Bottle  Fastenings.— S. 
Martinelli.  Dated,  Watsonville,  Feb.  11th.  This 
attachment  is  for  the  fastenings  to  bottles  such 
as  are  employed  to  hold  the  corks  in  place  when 
efferversing  liquids  are  confined  in  the  bottles. 
These  fastenings  consist  of  a  curved  metal  loop 
so  hinged  at  the  sides  of  the  bottle  neck  as  to 
swing  over  the  cork  to  retain  it  in  place  after  the 
bottle  is  filled,  and  they  are  pulled  to  one  side, 
when  it  is  desired  to  remove  the  cork.  It  is  of- 
ten very  difficult  to  remove  these  fastenings,  as 
they  become  imbedded  in  the  cork  by  the  inter- 
nal pressure.  This  invention  consists  in  the 
employment  of  a  wire  attachment  to  the  link 
or  fastening,  so  that  one  is  enabled  to  overcome 
any  strain  and  remove  the  fastening  at  any  time 
with  very  little  effort. 

Chair  Brace.— S.  P.  Sorensen,  Rio  Vista. 
This  invention  relates  to  an  improvement  in 
chairs  ;  the  improvements  consist  in  providing 
peculiar  braces  to  bind  the  legs,  seats  and  arms 
together  firmly,  so  as  to  strengthen  the  chairs. 
A  binding  rod  is  secured  to  each  leg,  the  oppo- 
site ends  of  said  rod  meeting  in  a  common  plate 
on  a  bolt  in  the  center  of  the  chair  under  the 
seat.  A  thumb  screw  on  this  plate  holds  the 
plate  in  position  and  admits  of  its  being 
moved  up  the  bolt  and  tightening  the  rods,  thus 
keeping  the  legs  firmly  in  position.  The  brace 
under  the  seat  on  which  the  bolt  carrying  the 
center  plate  is  secured,  is  held  in  place  by  rods 
running  from  the  arms  of  the  chair,  so  that 
these  rods  are  drawn  tight  by  the  same  action 
of  the  screw  that  tightens  the  rods  connecting 
with  the  legs.  By  this  means  the  whole  chair 
is  firmly  bound  together. 


[From  the  San  Jose  Mercury  of  January  17th.] 

The  Angora  Kobe  and  Glove  Co. 

One  of  the  beat  illustrations  of  what  may  be  done  to 
promote  the  growth  of  home  industries  is  the  work  of  the 
Angora  Robe  and  Glove  Company.  The  gentlemen  who 
established  this  business,  and  who  carried  it  to  its  present 
high  degree  of  success,  deserve  the  hearty  thanks  of  every 
citizen  of  the  Pacific  Coast.  Everything  seemed  against 
them  at  the  start.  Even  their  raw  material  was  little 
thought  of,  and  the  processes  of  manufacture  were  almost 
entirely  unknown.  But  they  were  not  the  men  to  be 
daunted  by  difficulties.  Experiment  after  experiment 
was  made,  until  at  length  the  enterprise  was  entirely  suc- 
cessful, and  the  grand  results  are  now  before  us.  Hardly 
a  dwelling  with  any  pretensions  but  owes  much  of  its 
elegance  to  their  genius  and  skill.  The  carriages  that 
throng  our  streets,  bearing  the  beauty  and  the  chivalry 
of  the  city,  are  brilliant  with  Angora  robes  and  wrap- 
pings. The  fur  coat  of  the  driver,  his  well-fitting  gloves, 
and  even  the  whip  with  which  he  urges  along  his  fiery 
steeds,  are  manufactured  by  the  Angora  Robe  and  Glove 
Company. 

As  is  the  case  with  most  things  worth  having,  this  en- 
terprise has  been  of  slow  and  steady  growth,  When  it 
was  first  started  none  of  its  promoters  expected  to  see  it 
reach  its  present  prosperity.  They  desired  to  do  what 
they  could  to  establish  a  new  industry  in  the  city,  which 
they  hoped  might  in  time  become  successful  and  perma- 
nent; but  their  Buccess  has  been  much  greater  than  they 
expected.  They  have  now  the  largest  factory  of  the  kind 
on  the  coast,  and  their  goods  are  sold  in  every  city  on  this 
Bide  of  the  Rocky  mountains,  and  even  in  some  of  the 
Eastern  States.  They  have  their  own  tannery,  and  have 
acquired  the  art  of  turning  out  more  perfect  skins  than 
any  other  company  in  the  world.  Thoy  employ  about  60 
hands,  more  than  half  of  whom  are  women,  and  their 
annual  products  amount  to  nearly  $50,000,  and  all  has 
been  done  in  a  very  few  years. 

And,  besides  this,  they  have  created  an  unlimited  de- 
mand for  goat  skins,  and  thus  helped  to  diversify  our 
agriculture,  which  is  in  itself  a  great  advantage  to  the 
State.  They  buy  all  the  skins  that  are  sent  to  them,  giv- 
ing 30c.  to  60c.  for  common  skins,  and  50c.  to  31.60  for 
good  fleece  skins.  The  better  the  animal,  and  the  greater 
the  care  taken  of  the  skins,  the  higher  the  prices— a  fact 
which  all  breeders  should  make  a  note  of.  Care  should 
also  be  taken  by  consignors  to  mark  their  own  name  care- 
fully on  each  package  of  skins  sent.  By  so  doing  they 
will  save  the  company  much  trouble,  and  possibly  them- 
selves from  actual  loss. 

The  present  officers  of  the  Compauy  are  C.  P.  Bailey 
President;  JackBon  Lewis,  Secretary;  J.  W.Hinds,  TreaB-- 
urer;  and  the  Directors  are  all  Bolid  men  of  business.  Mr. 
Bailey  is  also  one  of  the  largest  breeders  of  thoroughbred 
and  graded  Angora  goats  on  the  coast,  having  about  4,000 
animals  on  his  farm  at  Battle  Mountain,  Nevada;  Mr. 
Lewis  is  also  a  large  owner  and  breeder  of  goats,  and  both 
gentlemen  have  a  thorough  acquaintance  with  the  busi- 
ness, and  will  ultimately  make  it  one  of  the  most  valuable 
industries  of  the  State. 


Frbbu  attractions  are  constantly  added  to  Wood- 
ward's Gardens,  among  which  is  Prof.  Gruber's  great 
educator,  the  Zoographicon.  Each  department  increases 
daily,  and  the  PaviUon  performances  are  more  popular 
than  ever.  All  new  novelties  find  a  place  at  this  wonder- 
ful resort.     Prices  remain  as  usual. 


Examine  the  accelerative  endowment  plan,  as  originated 
by  the  Mutual  Benefit  Life  Insurance  Co. ,  of  Newark, 
New  Jersey.  Assets,  330,533,429.94.  Lewis  C.  Grover, 
President;  L.  Spencer  Coble,  Vice-President;  Benjamin  C. 
Miller,  Treasurer;  Edward  A.  Strong,  Secretary;  Bloom- 
field  J.  Miller,  Actuary.  Send  for  circulars  to  James 
Munsell,  Jr.,  agent  of  insured,  224  SanBome  St.,  San 
Francisco. 

Experimental  .Machinery,  drawings,  patterns,  models, 
all  kinds  of  electrical  and  telegraphic  apparatus  to  order. 
See  ad.     F.  W.  Fdllee,  416  Market  St.,  second  floor,  S.  F. 


Chew  Jackson's  Best  Sireet  Navy   Tobacco 


March  8,  1879.! 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


157 


GENERAL  MERCHANDISE. 


I  VU0LIULM.1 

Wkskdjt  M..  March  S,  1«79. 


«iGI    Jobhln, 


'Inf. 

Ill  Btaadftrd  Whe»t.  J   <t  9> 
ITcTills  *  Co. 

Bud  Hewed.  BUS    9  <?  »i 

Mi» 

ni« 

Machine  Swil.  2)xM.  -  - 
floor  Backs,  h*lf*i....  8|$I0 


Quarter*.. 

ZUtbUu    . 


t\frth. 
Baua  SO  Inch 13  "\l 


if«- 

IH 


Plaster.  Gulden 

Cat*  Mills....  J  00   t  3  B 
Land  Planter,  tu  10  00  «?la  80 

\  111-. 
Aat  ted  sizes,  keg  5  90  @  3  00 

OILS. 
Pad  lie  Glue  Cos 

Neatefoot.Nol.100 
Carter.  No  1 1  10 

do.  No.  1 1  05 

Baker'i  A  A 1  25  ( 


Ollre.  P!»cnlol....5  25  ( 
P.waol «  75  < 

Palm.  It. 9  •■ 

Llnnoed,  Raw.  bhl.  72  ( 
Boiled 75  ( 

Coooauut 55  i 


45  Inch i«9 

Winch 7!«  8 

Wool  Saoks, 

Hand  Sowed.  31  lb.  M  MM 

«B>  do 50  «J52t. 

Machloo  Bowed 45  «*—  ! 

8taodard  Gu.nl....  ..UlgH    ci'uTr.uVo.V.'.'.'.:    70  8 

■  '  »  'ilaponn. 1  40  <*      - 

Coast  Wbalee 40  &    — 

iPolar 45«    - 

Lard 90  Ml  00 

.llcophlne 22  (ft    221 

Duvoe's  BrU't 22  t*    23 J 

IPbotollte. —  w    — 

Jilt  cam 2  00  %    ■■   Nonparlel 311$   321 

Tabledo 3  00  8    —    Eureka 18$    42| 

I  Barret  kerosene ...    20  W 


I  Ban. 


..17  «S- 


I    HIH .!.■*. 
ClTlUIWu 

Eagle o? 

Patent  Sperm 30& 

CANNED  I.IPIIIK 
Assorted  Pie  Fruits, 

21  !b  cans 2  00  lit 

Able  do 3  00  8 

Jams  and  Jellies.. 3  50  wt 

Pickles.  M  gal 3  15  (5 

Sardines,  or  box.. I  67JW1  90 

Uf  Boxes 2  50  wi  75 

Preserred    Beef. 

2  11..  dor 4  00  m    — 

do  Beef,  4  lb,doi.6  50  @    — 
Preserved  Mutton, 

21b.  dor 4  00  M    - 

Beef  Tongue 8  50  <*    - 

Preserred     Ham, 

2  lb,  dor 6  60  1st    — 

Periled  Ham,  1  lb, 

dor 550(§    — 

do  Ham.  Jtbdor.3  00  OT    — 

(OIL     J. lin. 

Australian,  ton..  8  00  fj 

Coos  Bar 6  50  @  7  00 

Bulliniiham  Bay.  6  50  <g 

Seattle 6  00  S  6  50 

Cumberland 14  00  & 

Mt  Diablo 1  75  vt  6  00 

Lehigh 13  50  « 

Liverpool 7  50  «  8  00 

West  Hartley... 10  50  @ 

Scotch 10  50  m 

Scranton 11  50  @ 

Vancouver  Id...  7  00  (a 

Charcoal,  sack..      76  @ 

Coke,  bbl «)  m 

COFFEE. 

Sandwich  Id,  lb.      -  @ 

Costa  Rica 15  m     16 

Guatemala. 15  OT      16 

Jara 23(9-26 

Manila 17  M 

Ground,  In  cs. . .      25  @ 

nsii. 

Sac'to  Dry  Cod..       4j@       5| 
do    In  cases..       5  "ir       6 

Eastern  Cod.... @ 

Salmon,  bbls....  8  00  (<e  9  00 

Hf  bbls.. 5  00  &  5  50 

1  lb  cans 1  40  '4  1   15 

Pkld  Cod,  bbls. .22  00  « 

Hf  bbls 11  00  @ 

Mackerel.  No.  1. 

Hf  Bnls 9  50  @10  50 

InKJts 1  85  &  2  10 

El  Mess 3  25  <S 

Pkld  Herring,  bl  3  00  «  3  50 

Boston  Smkd  H'g     70  @ 

LIME,  Etc. 

Lime,  Sta  Cruz, 
bbl 1  25  @  1  50 

Cement,  Rosen- 
dale 2  00  a  2  25 

Portland 4  00  S 


Downer  Ker 37.(»    — 

Elaine 37|(S    - 

PAINT8. 

Pure  White  Lead.      8  (9      8j 

Whiting 11(4 

Putty 144     6 

Chalk II®    -, 

Paris  White 2k*    — 

Ochre 3kg?    — 

Venetian  Red 3J@    — 

Arerfll  Mixed 

Paint,      gab 

White  A  tints... 2  00  (e?2  40 
Green,    Blue     A 

Ch  Yellow 3  00  @3  50 

Light  Red 3  00  (43  50 

Metallic  Roof.. .1  30  til  60 

tuna.  Mixed.  lb.."     5  @     5. 

Hawaiian 7  W      7, 

BAIT. 
Oil.  Bay,  ton. ...15  00  022  50 

Common 10  00  (412  00 

Carmen  Id 12  00  6J14  00 

Liverpool  One...  19  00  (a; 

SOAP. 

Castile,  lb 10  @ 

Common  brands. .      4i«* 

Fancy  brands 7@ 

SPICES. 

Cloves,  tb 45®    . 

Cassia 22V(    25 


101 


50 


Nutmegs 85  @  90 

Pepper  Grain 15  @  17 

Pimento 15  @  16 

Mustard,        CaL, 

J  lb  glass 1  50  @  - 

M  4.  III.  ETC. 

Cal.  Cube,  lb 11  j@  - 

Powdered llj@  — 

Fine  crushed Hs<!?  — 

Granulated 11  tg  — 

Golden  0 9i(<*  — 

70  (0 


TEA. 

Young  Hyson, 
Moyune.  etc 

Country  pekd  Gun- 
powder A  i ... 
porial 

Hyson 

Fooo-Chow  O 

Japan,  1st  quality 
2d  quality 


.PsseB    26  (a)    30 


METALS. 

IWHOLE8ALE. 

Wbdnrhday  m.,  March  5,  1878. 
Iron.— 

American  Pig,  Boft,  ton 23  00  @26  00 

Scotch  Pig,  too 25  50  ftt-26  50 

American  White  Pig,  ton 23  00  <& 

Oregon  Pig,  ton 2b  60  & 

Rwrfiied  Bar 2J@        3 

Homo  Shoea,  keg , S  00  @ 

Nail  Rod -W       7J 

Norway,  according  to  thickness 6  !<<?        7 

Sheathing,  lb 34  &      35 

Sheathing.  Yellow 19  W      20 

Sheathing,  Old  Yellow —  @- 

Stkil.— 

English  Oaat,  ft. 16  @      17 

Black  Diamond,  ordinary  eizea 16  @ 

Drill 16  @      17 

Flat  Bar 16  @     19 

Plow  Steel 8  @     121 

Tin  Plates.— 

10xl4IC  Charcoal 8J@       9 

10x14  I  C  Coke 7  &       7J 

Banca  Tin 18  @—  20 

AnstraUan 15i@      17 

Zinc— 

By  the  Cask 9  @> 

Zinc,  Sheet  7x3  ft.  7  to  10,  tb.  less  than  cask. .        Dyrf—  10 

Nailb.— 

Assorted  sizes 2  90@3  00 


Gold,    Legal   Tenders,    Exchange,   Etc. 

[Corrected  Weekly  by  Sdtro  &  Co.] 

SAN  Francisco.  March  5,  3  P.  H. 

Silver.  2j@2.    Gold  in  New  York,  par. 

GOLD  Bars,  890@910.  Silver  Baku,  8@20  V  cent  die 
soont.  a 

Eiohanoe  on  New  York,  20,  on  London  bankers,  49i@ 
49J.  Comroorcial.  60,  Paris,  five  franca  $  dollar;  Mexican 
dollars,  372@89. 

London  Ooneols,  96  5-16;  Bonds,  103. 

Quicksilver.  In  S.  F  .  by  the  Bask.  &  lb,  40@41c. 


Signal  Service  Meteorological  Report. 

San  Francisco. — Week  ending  March  4,1870. 


'  HIOHK8T  AND  LOWEST  BAROMETER. 

Feb  2(3    Feb  27  Feb  28    Mar  1      Mar  2  i    Mar  3     Mar  4 


30.158    30.055    30.071 
30.064    30.005    30.020 


30.017 
29.991 


30.258  30.314  30.186 
30.037  1  30.238  30.051 


MAXIMUM  AND  MINIMUM  THERMOMETER. 


61 
53 


48.5 


NW 


87.7  | 


W 


61.5  I      57 
49.3  |      48.7  | 

MEAN    DAILY    HL'MIDITT. 

64.7  |      61       |      63.3  | 

PREVAILING  WIND. 
W      |        S       I     SW     I 


59.5  I 
46.7 


'  58 
53 


70  |   81.3 

I   S  |   S 
WIND— MILES  TRAVELED. 

100  |  105  I  293   I   138  |  247  I  214  |  243 

STATE   OF   WEATHER, 

Fair.  |  Clear.  |  Clear,  j    Fair.    ]     Fair.    |    Fair.    |  Rainy 
RAINFALL  IN  TWBNTT-FOUR  HOURS. 

I  I  I  I        .13    I  I    1.57 

Total  rain  during  the  season,  from  July  1,  1878,  13.10  in. 


Watsonville,  July  29th,  1878, 
Mebsrs.  Dbwby  &  Co.— Gents:— I  was  not  expecting  my 
patent  so  soon.    You  certainly  kept  your  word  when  you 
said  no  time  would  be  lost.    I  remain,  yourstruly, 

W.  T.  Eabterdat. 


piping  and  Other  Compapies. 


Persona  interested  in  incorporated  shares 
will  do  well  to  recommend  the  publication 
of  the  official  notices  of  their  companies 
in  this  paper,  ae  the  cheapest  appropriate 
medium  for  the  same. 


Griffith    Consolidated    Mill    and    Mining 

Company,— Location  of  principal  place  nf  business,  San 

Francisco,    California.     Location    of    works,    Diamond 

Springs  Mining  District,  El  Dorado  County,  California. 

NOTICE.— There  are  delinquent  upon  the  following  de- 

scrihod  stock  on  account  of  atwcssnivnt  (No.    1)  IotIh  on 

the  'Jlsi  day  of  January,   1879.  the  several  amounts  act 

oppoeito    the   names  of   the   respective  shareholders,  us 

follows: 

Names.  No.  of  Cert.      No.  Shares     Amount 

J  H  Brewer 36  60  $  10  00 

Warren  Bryant not  issued  2100  420  00 

Alexander  Bryant 37  1125  -225  00 

Alexander  Bryant 38  1125  886  00 

L  H  Foote 39  100  20  00 

L  i;  Harvey,  Trustee 85  4000  800  00 

J  H  Robert* 19  500  100  00 

J  H  Hoborts 20  500  100  00 

J  H  Roberts 21  fiOO  100  00 

J  H  Roberta 22  500  100  00 

J  H  Roberts 26  500  100  00 

J  H  Roberts 27  500  100  00 

J  H  Roberts 28  500  100  00 

J  H  Roberts 29  500  100  00 

J  H  Roberts 30  500  100  00 

J  H  Roberts 31  500  100  00 

J  H  Roberts 32  500  100  00 

J  H  Roberta 33  500  100  00 

J  H  Roberts 34  500  100  00 

J  H  Roberts 280  200  40  00 

J  H  Roberts 281  200  40  00 

J  H  Roberts 282  200  40  00 

J  H  Roberts 283  200  40  00 

J  H  Roberts 284  206  40  00 

And  in  accordance  with  law,  and  an  order  of  the  Board 
of  Directors,  made  on  the  21st  day  of  January,  1879,  so 
many  shares  of  each  parcel  of  Buch  stock  as  may  be  neces- 
sary, will  be  sold  at  public  auction  at  the  office  ol  the 
Company,  No.  330  Pine  street,  Room  48,  San  Francisco, 
California,  on  the  26th  day  of  March,  1S79,  at  the  hour  of 
one  o'clock  p.  m.  of  said  day,  to  paysaid  delinquent  assess- 
ment thereon,  together  with  costs  of  advertising  and  ex- 
penses of  sale.  G.  M.  CONDEE,  Secretary. 
Office,  Room  48,  No.  330  Pine  St.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


Office  Wide  Awake  Prospecting  and  Min- 

lug  Company.— No.  232  Sutter  Street.  San  Francisco,  Cal.. 

February  1st,  1879.     Location  of  works,  Picket-Post,  Pinal 

County,  Arizona. 

Notice  is  hereby  given  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Directors,  held  on  the  first  iHiy  nf  Ft'lmiavy,  11879,  an  assess- 
ment (No.  6)  of  four  (xntB  per  share  was  levied  upon  the  capi- 
tal stock  of  the  corporation,  payable  imniudiatcly  in  United 
States  gold  coin  to  tht  Hecretary,  at  the  oftlce  of  the  Com- 
pany, Room  2.  No.  23J  Sutter  Street,  San  Frnndnco.  Cal, 

Any  stock  upon  which  this  assessment  shall  remain  unpaid 
ou  the  first  day  of  March,  1879,  will  be  delinquent,  and  adver- 
tised for  sale  at  public  auction,  and  unless  payment  is  mode 
before,  will  be  sold  on  Saturday,  the  fifth  day  of  April.  1879, 
to  pay  the  delinquent  assessment,  together  with  the  cost  of 
advertising  and  the  expenses  of  sale.  By  order  of  the  Board 
of  Directors.  C.  HILDEBRANDT.  Secretary. 

POSTPONEMENT.-  The  delinquent  day  of  the  above 
named  assessment  has  been  postponed  until  Tuesday,  the 
First  day  of  April.  1879.  and  the  day  of  sale  until  Thursday, 
the  Fiist  day  of  May.  1679.  at  the  same  hour  and  place.  By 
order  of  the  Board  uf  Directors. 

C.  HILDEBRANDT.  Secretary. 

San  Francisco,  March  1st,  1879. 


Summit    Mining  Company.— Location  of 

principal  place  of  business,   San    Francisco,    California. 

Location  of  works.  Mineral  Point  Minim:  District.  Plumas 

County,  California. 

Notice  Is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Directors,  held  ou  the  fourth  day  of  February.  A.  D.. 
1879,  an  assessment  (No.  7)  of  five  cents  per  share  was 
levied  upon  the  capital  stock  of  the  corporation,  payable 
immediately  in  United  States  gold  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at 
the  office  of  the  Company,  318  Fine  street.  San   Francisco, 

Any  stock  upon  which  this  assessment  shall  remain  unpaid 
on  the  eleventh  (I lth)  day  of  March,  A.  D.,  1879,  will  be 
delinquent,  and  advertised  for  sale  at  public  auction,  and  un- 
less payment  is  made  before,  will  be  sold  on  the  Tuesday,  the 
eiabth  day  of  April,  A.  D..  1879,  to  pay  the  delinquent  assess- 
ment, together  with  costs  of  advertising  and  expenses  of 
sale.    By  order  of  the  Board  of  Directors. 

R.  N.  VAN  BRL-NT,  Secretary. 

Office,   Room  6,  No.  318  Pine  Street  San  FranciBco.  Cal. 


The  California  and  Oregon  Land  Company. 

—Location  of  principal  place  of  business,  San  FranciBco, 
California,     Location  of  Works,  State  of  Oregon, 
Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Directors,  held  on  the  First  day  of  March,  A.  D.,  1879,  an 
assessment  (No.  2)  of  Forty  Cents  per  share  was  levied  upon 
the  capital  stock  of  the  corporation,  payable  immediately  in 
United  States  gold  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at  the  office  of  the 
Company,  318  Pine  street,  Room  6,  San  Francisco,  California. 
Any  stock  upon  which  this  assessment  shall  remain  unpaid 
on  the  10th  day  of  April,  1879,  will  be  delinquent,  and  ad- 
vertised for  sale  at  public  auction  ;  and  unless  payment  is 
made  before  will  be  sold  on  Saturday,  the  Tenth  day  of  May, 
1879,    to    pay    the    delinquent  assessment,    together   with 
costs  of  advertising  and  expenses  of  sale.     By  order  of  the 
Board  of  Directors.  R.  N.   VAN  BRUNT,  Secretary. 

Office,  318  Pine  Street,  Room  6,  San  Francisco,   California, 


The  Large  Circulation  of  the  Min- 

ing  and  Scientific  Press  extends  through- 
out the  mining  districts  of  California,  Nevada, 
Utah,  Colorado,  Arizona,  Idaho,  Montana- 
British  Columbia,  and  to  other  parts  of  North 
and  South  America.  Established  iu  I860,  it 
has  long  been  the  leading  Mining  Journal  of 
the  continent,  its  varied  and  reliable  contents 
giving  it  a  character  popular  with  both  its 
reading  and  advertising  patrons. 


The  "California  Legal  Record." 

The  ONLY  "WEEKLY  containing:  all  the 

decisions  of  the  Supreme  Court 

of  California, 

(The  only  complete  continuation  of  the  S.  F.  Law  Journal.) 
Published  every  Saturday,  in8  vo.  size— like  the  California 
Reports— contains  every  decision  of  the  Supreme  Court, 
as  fast  as  rendered,  with  a  syllabus  and  statement  of  facts, 
and  other  important  legal  matter.  The  volumes  commence 
on  the  first  of  October  and  April  each,  and  have  a  full  index 
for  reference  and  binding. 

REDUCED  PRICE,  only  S5.50  per  year,  or  $3  per  volume 
of  Bix  months.  Remit  by  PoBtal  Order  or  Registered  Letter, 
specifying  what  date  or  number  to  commence.  Baok  num- 
bers furnished.     Sample  numbers  sent  free.    Address, 

F.  A.  3COFIELD  &  CO.,  Publishers  and  Prop's. 
No.  603  Washington  street,  San  Francisco,  CaL 


/Wsepieife 


BALDWIN'S   THEATER. 

THOMAS  M.U.UHH Manager. 

F.  Limkk Acting  Manager. 

Cllas.  H.  Goodwin Treasurer. 

J.  P.  CiuruAN Asblslant  Treasurer. 

ROSE    EYTINGE. 

Corner    Market    and     Powell     Streeta.      Open     every 
evening  and  Saturday  matinee.    Box  office  open  daily. 


BUSH    STREET    THEATER. 

Ciiab.  E.  Lockk LetsHee  and  Manager 

ELIZA  WEATHERSBY&  N.  C.  GOODWIN 
0[>en  every  evening  and  Saturday  Uatlnoe 


CALIFORNIA  THEATER. 

Barton  &  Lawlor Manager. 

Barton  Hill Acting  Manager. 

MOTHER    AND    SON. 

Bush  Street,  above  Kearny.  Open  every  evening.  Box 
olflco  open  from  9  A.  u.  to  10  p.  m  Seats  may  be  secured 
six  days  in  advance 


STANDARD    THEATER. 

M.  A.  Kennedy Sole  Lessee  and  Manager, 

MAD.  RENTZ'S  FEMALE   MINSTRELS. 

Bush  Street,  above  Montgomery.     Open  every  evening. 
Seats  may  he  secured  six  days  in  advance. 


Good  land  that  will  raise 
a  crop  every  year.  Over 
14,000  acres  for  sale  in  lots 
to  suit.  Climate  healthy.  No 
drouths,  bad  floods,  nor  ma- 
laria. Wood  and  water  con- 
venient. Title  perfect.  Send 
stamp  for  illustrated  circular, 
to  Edw.  Frisbie,  Anderso  ', 
Shasta  Co.,  Cal. 


DB.    LIBBEY, 
$g§|  DENTIST, 

N.  W.  Corner  Kearny  and  Geary  Sts , 
Entrance  on  Geary  Streeet,         SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL, 


The   Miners'    Assay   Office, 

N.  E.   Corner  of  the  Plaza, 
PRESOOTT,       -      -      -       -       ARIZONA. 

Assays  of  Silver,  SI- ^0.    Gold  and  Silver,   32.    Other  Ores 
at  corresponding  rates.    All  assays  guaranteed. 
Gold  and  Silver  melted  into  Bars.     Working  Tests  made, 
iSTMines  examined,  sales  negotiated,  etc. 

W.  H.  WILLISCRAPT, 
P.  O.  Box  153.  Prescott,  Arizona, 


PACIFIC    POWER    CO. 

Room  with  steam  power  to  let  in  the 
Pacific  Power  Co. 'a  new  brick  building, 
Stevenson  street,  near  Market.  Eleva- 
tor in  building.  Apply  at  the  Com- 
pany's office,  202  Sansome  St.,  room  7. 


FOR  SALE.  —  4-sided  6-inch  Molding  Machine. 
Jackson's  Agricultural  Machine  Works,  S.  E.  corner  6th 
and  Bluxome  Sts.,  San  Francisco. 


W.   T.   GARRATT'S 

5RASS  and  BELL  FOUNDRY 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 

MANUFACTCBBB  AND  IMPORTER  OF 

Church  and  Steamboat  BELLS  and  GONGS 
BRASS  CASTINGS  of  all  kinds, 
WATER  GATES.   GAS  GATES, 
FIRE  HYDRANTS. 

DOCK  HYDRANTS. 

GARDEN  HYDRANTS 

General    Assortment    ol    Engineers'   Findings. 

Hooker's    Patent 
Celebrated 

STEAM  PUMP 

.tarThe  Beet  and  Moat 
Durable  in  use.  Also, 
a  variety  of  other 

PUMPS 

For  Mining  and  Farm- 
ing PurposeB. 

ROOT'S  BLAST  BLOWERS, 

For  Ventilating  Mines  and  for  Smelting  Works. 

HYDRAULIC    PIPES    AND     NOZZLES, 

For  Mining  Purpoaes. 

Garratt's    Improved     Journal    Metal. 

IMPORTER.  0? 

IRON  PIPE  AND  MALLEABLE    IRON    FITTINGS. 

ALL  KIXDB  OK 

WORK  AND  COMPOSITION  NAILS, 

AT  LOWEST  RATES. 


N.    W.    SPATJLDING'S 


PATENT  DETACHABLE  TOOTH    SAWS, 

Manfuaotory.  17  &  19  Fremont  St.,  S.  F. 


ARTESIAN 


SURFACE 

Well-Boring 

TOOLS. 

Manufactured  by  the 

Rust  Well  Auger 

COMPANY, 

OF  SIACON,   MO. 

UUERS  and  v RILLS  from  best  wrought 
1  and  steel.  Shafting  is  2-inch  gas  pipe. 
Couplings  are  round  plugs  fitted  inside  the 
pipe.  Drills  fitted  for  rope  or  pole.  All 
tools  warranted,  aud  sold  for  Icsb  money 
than  can  be  got  elsewhere. 
Send  for  Circular.  O.    RUST,  Macon,  Mo. 


^Mining 

WW 


At  the  Old  Stand,  Market,  head  of  Front  Street,  S.  V. 


•FIR^ILSraiES   SMITH  &  CO., 

MANUFACTURERS    OF 

THE  PATENT  CHANNEL  IRON  WHEELBARROWS. 


The  Strongest  Barrow  Made.  These  Barrows  ore  made  by  Superior  Workmen,  and  of  the  best  material. 
All  sizes  kept  constantly  on  hand. 

Lap-Wefded  Pipe,  all  Sizes,  from  Three  to  Six  Inches.  Artesian  Well  Pipe.  Also,  Gal- 
vanized Iron  Boilers,  from  Twenty  five  to  One  Hundred  Gallons. 

Iron  Cut,  Punched,  and  Formed  for  making  pipe  on  ground,  where  required.  All  kinds  of  tools  supplied  for 
making  pipe.  Estimates  given  when  required.  Are  prepared  for  coating  all  size  of  pipes  with  a  composition  of 
Coal  Tar  and  Asphaltum. 

Office  and  Manufactory,  130  BBALB  STREET,  San  Francisco,  Cal, 


158 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS 


[March  8,   1879. 


Iron  apt!  (Hachijie  hh 


THOS.  PENDERGAST.  HENRY  S.  SMITH. 

^ETNA    IRON    WORKS, 

\f  MANUFACTURERS  OF 

IRON  CASTINGS 

and      MACHINERY 

OF  ALL  KINDS. 

Fremont  Street,  Bet.  Howard  and  Folaom, 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 


SACRAMENTO  BOILER   WORKS, 

214  &  216  BEALE  St.,  (rear  of  ./Etna  Foundry) 

J.  V.  HALL, 

PRACTICAL    BOILER    MAKER, 

Marine,  Stationary  and  Portable  Boilers,  Smoke  Stacks, 

Hydraulic  Pipe,   Oil  or  Water  Tanks,    Ore  and 

Water  Buckets,  Gasometers,  Girders,  Bridges 

and   Iron    Ship    Building. 

ALL    KINDS    OF    SHEET    IRON    WORK. 

Repairing   promptly   attended   to    at   the 
lowest    possible    terms. 

UNION  IRON  WORKS, 

SACRAMENTO,    CAL. 
ROOT,    NEILSON    &    CO., 

MANUFACTURERS  OF 

STEAM    ENGINES,  BOILERS   AND    ALL 

Kinds  of  Machinery  for  Mining   Purposes. 

Flouring  Mills'.  Saw  Mills'  and   Quartz  Mills'  Machinery 

constructed,    fitted  up  and  repaired. 

Front  Street,  Between  N  and  O  Streets, 

SACRAMENTO,      CAL. 


PHELPS 
MANUFACTURING    COMPANY 

Manufacturers  of  all  kinds  of 

Wharf  and  Bridge  Bolts,    Railroad  Trestle 

Work.   Car  Frames  and  Bolts,  Machine 

Bolts,   Set  Screws    and   Tap  Bolts, 

Lag    or    Coach    Screws. 

ALL  STYLES   OF  FANCY  HEAD  BOLTS. 

HOT  AND  COLD  PRESSED  HEXAGONAL  AND 

SQUARE  NUTS,  WASHERS,  BOLT  ENDS, 

TURNBUOKLES,  ETC.,  ETC. 

13, 15  and  17  Drumm  St.,  near  California, 


SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 


Golden  State  &  Miners  Iron  Works, 

Manufacture  Iron  Castings  and  Machinery 
of  all  Kinds  at  Greatly  Reduced  Rates. 

STEVENSON'S  PATENT 

Mold-Board  AMALGAMATORS, 
Golden  State  Pressure  Blowers. 

First  St.,  between  Howard  &  Folsom,  S.  F. 


Wm.  h.  Birch. 


John  Argall. 


California    Machine   Works, 
BIRCH,    ARGALL    &    CO., 

119  Beale  Street,  San  Francisco. 

£2TGeneral  Mechanical  Engineers  and  Machinists. 
Steam  Engines,  Flour,  Quartz  and  Mining  Machinery. 
Sole  manufacturers  of  Brodie's  Patent  Rock  Crushers  and 
Steel-Faced  Tappits.  Steam,  Hydraulic  and  Sidewalk 
Elevators.     Repairing  promptly  attended  to. 


California    Brass    Foundry, 

No,  125  First  Street,  Opposite  Minna. 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 

AU  kinds  of  Brass,  Composition,  Zinc,  and  Babbitt 
Metal  Castings,  Brass  Ship  Work  of  all  kinds,  Spikes, 
sheathing  Nails,  Rudder  Braces,  Hinges,  Ship  and  Steam- 
boat Bells  and  Gongs  of  superior  tone.  All  kinds  of  Cocks 
and  Valves,  Hydraulic  Pipes  and  Nozzles,  and  Hose  Coup- 
lings and  Connections  of  all  sizes  and  patterns,  furnished 
with  dispatch.  $&,PRICES  MODERATE. -^A 

J.  H.  WEED.  V.  KINGWELL. 


STEAM  ENGINES  AND  BOILERS 

Of  all  sizes — from  2  to  60-Horse  power.  Also,  Quartz 
Mills,  Mining  Pumps,  Hoisting  Machinery,  Shafting,  Iron 
Tanks,  etc.     For  sale  at  the  lowest  prices  by 

J.    HENDY,  49  and  51  Fremont  Street,  S.  F. 


TIIOMAS   THOMPSON. 


THORNTON  THOMPSON. 


THOMPSON    BROTHERS, 

EUREKA    FOUNDRY, 

129  and  131  Beale  St. ,  botween  Mission  and  Howard,  S.  F 

MANUFACTURERS  OF  CASTINGS  OF  EVERT  DESCRIPTION. 


\hj  I  M  Tt  |U||||  One  of  the  best  made  in  this  State 
If  I  SI  W  111  I  L. 1_.  for  aaie  cheap  on  easy  terms.  Ad- 
dress, W.  T.   care  of  Dewey  &  Co.,  S.  F. 


GEORGE  W.  PRESCOTT. 


IRVING  M.  SCOTT. 


H.  T.  SCOTT. 


ORKS. 


Office,  61  First  St.  |  Cor.  First  &  Mission  Sts.,  S.  F.  |  p.   0.   Box,  2128. 


BUILDERS     OF 


Steam,    Air    and 


rauiic 


Sachinerv. 


Honie  Industry.— All  Work  Tested  and  Guaranteed. 


Vertical  Engines, 
Horizontal  Engines, 
Automatic  Cut-off  Engines, 
Compound  Condensing  Engines, 
Shafting, 


Baby  Hoists, 
Ventilating  Fans. 
Rock  Breakers, 
Self-Feeders, 
Pulleys, 


Stamps, 
Pans, 
Settlers, 
Retorts, 
Etc.,  Etc. 


TRY    OUR    MAKE,  CHEAPEST    AND    BEST    IN    USE. 
Send  for  Late  Circulars.  PRESCOTT,  SCOTT  &  CO. 


"W"  i  1 1  i  a  m      H  awkins, 

Successor  to 

ZHZ-A/WZKIETS  5c  0-A.3STTK/ESLL, 
MACHINE      WORKS, 

210  and  212  Beale  Street,  bet.  Howard  and  Folsom  Sts.,    -    -    San  Francisco. 

Manufacturers    of 

IMPROVED    PORTABLE    HOISTING    ENGINES, 

For  Mining  and  Other  Purposes. 
Steam  Engines  a,nd  all  Kinds  of  Mill  and  Mining  Machinery. 


Pacific  Rolling  Mill  Co., 

SAN    FRANCISCO,    CAL. 

manufacturers  of 

RAILROAD  AND    MERCHANT  IRON, 

rolled  beams,  angle,  channel  and  t  iron,  bridge  and  machine  bolts,  lag  screws,  nuts 
washers,  etc.,  steamboat  shafts,  cranks,  pistons,  connecting  rods,  etc.,  etc. 

Car  and  Locomotive  Axles  and  Frames,  and  Hammered  Iron  of  Every  Description. 

HIGHEST    PRICE    PAID    FOR    SCRAP    IRON. 

em-  Orders  Solicited  and  Promptly  Executed.  Office,  No.  16  FIRST  STREET. 


Fulton    Iron    Works. 

Hinckley,  Spiers  &  Hayes. 

(ESTABLISHED    IN    1855.) 

Works,  Fremont  and  Howard  Sts.  |  San  Francisco,  Cal.  |  Office,  No.  213  Fremont  Si. 


MANUFACTURERS    OF 


Marine  Engines  and   Boilers, 

Propeller  Engines  either  High  Pressure  or  Com- 
pound Stern  or  Side  Wheel  Engines. 

Mining  Machinery. 

Hoisting  Engines  and  Works,  Cages,  Ore  Buckets,  Ore 
Cars,  Pumping  Eugiues  and  Pumps,  Water  Buckets, 
Pump  Columns,  Air  Compressors,  Air  Receivers, 
Air   Pipes. 

Mill  Machinery. 

Batteries  for  Dry  or    Wet  Crushing, 


Pans,  Settlers,  Furnaces,  Retorts,  Concentrators,  Ore 
Feeders,  Rock  Breakers,  Furnaces  for  Reducing  Ores 
Water  Jackets,  Etc. 


Sugar  Machinery. 


Crushing  Rolls,  Clarifiers,  Vacuum  Pans,  Air  Pumps, 
Concentrators,  Bag  Filters,  Charcoal  Filters,  Blow-up 
Tanks,  Coolers  and  Receiving  Tanks. 


Miscellaneous   Machinery. 


Flour  Mill  Machinery,  Saw  Mill  Engines  and  Boilers, 
Dredging  Machinery,  Oil  Well  Retorts,  Powder  Mill  Ma- 
chinery,1" Water  Wheels. 


Amalgamating 

PnninPQ    5*  tiff     RnilAPQ   of  all  kinds,  either  for  use  on  Steamboats  and  made  in  accordance  with  the 
CltyigiC/O     tfliu     DUMt/i  O   Act  of  Congress  regulating  the  same,  or  for  use  on  land.  Water  Pipe,  Pomp 

or  Air  Column,  Fish  Tanks  for  Salmon  Canneries  of  every  description. 
Boiler  repairs  promptly  attended  to  and  at  very  moderate  rates. 


PAC1FEG    IROP5    WORKS, 

First  and  Fremont  Streets,  between  Mission  and   Howard,   San   Francisco,  Cal., 
RANKIN,    BRAYTON    &    CO., 

Manufacturers    of 

ENGINES,  BOILERS,    MARINE    AND    STATIONARY.      PUMPING,    HOISTING,  AND    MINING    MACHINERY 

INCLUDING  BATTERIES,  AMALGAMATING  PANS  AND  SETTLERS,  CONCENTRATORS,  QBE  FEEDERS, 

CRUSHING  ROLLS  AND  ROCK  BREAKERS.    ALSO,  WATER  JACKET  SMELTING  FURNACES, 

FOR  REDUCING  LEAD,  SILVER   AND    COPPER    ORES,  QUICKSILVER    FURNACES, 

RETORTS  AND  CONDENSERS,  ROASTING  AND   CHLORIDIZING  FURNACES, 

SUGAR    MILL    MACHINERY,  WATER    WHEELS,  Etc.,   ALL    OF    THE 

LATEST  AND  MOST  IMPROVED  CONSTRUCTION. 

Agents  for  the  Allen  Engine  Governor,  Bailey  Air  Compressor,  Howell's 
Improved  "White  Furnaces,  "Walker's  Compound  Steam  Pumps,  Etc. 


'Western  Xiqoxi  "^Woirls.s;, 

316     and     318     Mission     Street,     San     Francisco,  ■ 

PERRY  EDWARDS.  Frop'r. 

Manufacturer  of  Wrought  Iron  Girders,  Trusses,   Prison   Cells,  Iron  Roofs,  Crest 

Railings,  Finials,  Fences,  Weathervanes,  Gratings,  Iron  Work  for  Models,  Etc. 

Nickel   Plated  Railings.        Bank  and  Store  Fittings.       Estimates  given  and  Iron  Work  furnished  for  Buildings. 


Take  the  Paper  that  stands  by  your  in-  I 
terests. 


Dewey  &Go{ 


202    San- 
some  St. 


Patent  Ag'ts 


Ri 

Krai 

mm 

SI 

jfjM 

m 

I 

I 

Wuk 

^IP 

Corner  B?ale  and  Howard  Sts., 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 

W.  H.  TAYLOR,  Pres't.  JOSEPH  MOORE,  Sup't. 

Builders  of  Steam  Machinery 

In  all  its  Branches, 

Steamboat,  Steamship,  Land 

Engines  and  Boilers, 

HIGH  PRESSURE  OR  COMPOUND. 


STEAM  VESSELS,  of  all  kinds,  built  complete  with 
Hulls  of  Wood,  Iron  or  Composite. 

ORDINARY  ENGINES  compounded  when  ad- 
visable. 

STEAM  LAUNCHES,  Barges  and  Steam  Tugs  con- 
structed with  reference  to  the  Trade  in  which  they  are 
to  be  employed.  Speed,  tonnage  and  draft  of  water 
guaranteed. 

STEAM  BOILERS.  Particular  attention  given  to 
the  quality  of  the  material  and  workmanship,  and  none 
but  first-class  work  produced. 

SUGAR  MILLS  AND  SUGAR-MAKING 
MACHINERY  made  after  the  most  approved  plans. 
Also,  all  Boiler  Iron  Work  connected  therewith. 

WATER  PIPE,  of  Boiler  or  Sheet  Iron,  of  any  size 
made  in  suitable  lengths  for  connecting  together, 
sheets  rolled,  punched,  and  packed  for  shipment  ready 
to  be  riveted  on  the  ground. 

HYDRAULIC  RIVETING.  Boiler  Work  and 
Water  Pipe  made  by  this  establishment,  riveted  by 
Hydraulic  Riveting  Machinery,  that  quality  of  work 
being  far  superior  to  hand  work. 

SHIP  "WORK.  Ship  and  Steam  Capstains,.  Steam 
"Winches,  Air  and  Circulating  Pumps,  made  after  the 
most  approved  plans. 

PUMPS.  Direct  Acting  Pumps,  for  Irrigation  or  City 
Water  Works  purposes,  built  with  the  celebrated  Davy 
Valve  Motion,  superior  to  any  other  Pump. 


Electric  KSodel  &  Machine  Works 

Inventors  and    others  can  pet  First-Class 
Work  at  Moderate  Prices. 

After  10  years  experience  with  inventions  and  other 
mechanical  work,  I  am  fully  prepared  to  execute  draw- 
ings, working-models  and  fine  machinery  of  any  descrip- 
tion to  entire  satisfaction. 

Brass  Finishing,  Pattern  Making,   Gear  Cutting,  Tele- 
graphic and  other  Electrical  Apparatus  by   competent  , 
workmen. 

TELEPHONES    TO    ORDER. 

F.  W.  FULLER,  415  Market  Street,  San  Francisco,        < 


Main    Street    Iron    Works, 

WM.    DEACON,    PROPRIETOR. 

Nos  131, 133  &  135  Main  St.,  San  Francisco. 

Stationary  and  Marine  Engines, 

Shafting,  Pulleys,  and  General  Machine  Work.  Jobbing 
and  repairing  done  Promptly  and  at  Low.est  Rates. 
Screw  Propellors,  Propeller  and  Steamboat  Engines. 

SAW  MILLS  and  SAW  MILL  MACHINERY. 


BERRY4PUCE 


Market,  head  of  Front  Street,  San  Francisco. 


Diamond    Drill    Co. 

The  undersigned,  owners  of  LESCHOT'S  PATENT 
for  DIAMOND  POINTED  DRILLS,  now  brought  to  the 
highest  state  of  perfection,  are  prepared  to  fill  orders 
for  the  IMPROVED  PROSPECTING  AND  TUNNELING 
DRILLS,  with  or  without  power,  at  short  notice,  and 
at  reduced  prices.  Abundant  testimony  f urn  ished  of 
the  great  economy  and  successful  working  of  numerous 
machines  in  operation  in  the  quartz  and  gravel  mines 
on  this  coast.  Circulars  forwarded,  and  full  infor- 
mation given  upon  application. 

A.  J.  SEVERANCE  &  CO. 
Office,  No.  320  Sansome  street.  Room  10. 


GOLD    MENE    WANTED. 

One  now  paying  more  than  expenses.     Addres 

W.    S.    KEYES,    M.    E., 
No.  310  Pine  St.,  Room  42,   San  Francisco 


Prompt  Attention  to  Business. 

Aurora,  Nev.,  Dec.  7th,  1878. 
Messrs.  Dewey  &  Co.,  S.  F. — Dear  Sirs: — I  acknowl- 
edge the  receipt  of  my  patent  per  express  this  morning, 
and  am  obliged  for  same.  I  do  not  know  what  to  say  to 
you  regarding  your  prompt  attention  to  business,  but  will 
say  to  my  friends  what  I  cannot  say  to  you.  Many  thanks 
is  what  you  will  get  from   Yours  truly,        C.  W.  Lane. 


March  8,  1879. 1 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


159 


A.  L.  FISH  &  CO.,  9  and  1 1  First  St.,  S.  F.,Cal. 


THORNE  &  DeHAVEN 
PORTABLE    DRILL. 


Air  Compressors 

AND 

AIS  COLUMN, 

iig  Engines, 

STEAM 

Fire   Engines, 


Hose  Carts. 


PATENT  STEAM  PIP.  R0CK  DRILLS' 

Steam  Hammers, 


Portable  Engines, 


Waters'  Perfect 

Wine,   Cider,      ENGINE  governor. 


Ferris  &  Miles'  Lathe 


PRESSES  *^F 


For  all  Purposes  where  Pumping  is  Required. 
ENGINES,    BOILERS,    QUARTZ    MILLS,    SAW    MILLS,    &c. ,    &c. 


FERRIS   &   MILES'    PLANER. 


RUSSELL'S  AMALGAMATOR. 


THE  SAFETY  POWDER  COMPANY, 


San,  Francisco,  Cal. 


Patented  June  25Gb,    187S. 


Sj^TIE    YOUR    GOLD 
And    Also    SAVE    YOUR    QUICKSILVER. 

The  above  Washer  and  Amalgamator  with  new  patent  Wire  Bridge  Quicksilver  Boxes  attached,  can  be  worked 
wet  or  dry,  either  l»y  hand,  steam,  horse  or  water  power,  and  is  easily  taken  apart  and  packed.  For  washing  Pulp, 
Earth,  Gravel,  Mill  "Tailings  or  Black  Sand,  it  is  without  a  rival. 

Has  been  Thoroughly  Tested  and  given  Complete  Satisfaction. 


The  entire  Lining,  Hanging  Plates,  Riffles  and  Boxes  Amalgamated 

IS    GUARANTEED    TO   SAVE    THE    FINEST    OR     FLOAT     GOLD. 

Capacity,  30  to  60  tons  per  day,  according  to  size.     For  further  particulars  apply  to 

J.  MORIZIO,  Gen'l  Agt., 

Room  24,  Safe  Deposit  Building,  Corner  Montgomery  and  California  Streets,   SAN  FRANCISCO. 


SANDERSON  BROS.  &  GO.'S 

Best  Refined  Cast-Steel. 

Warranted  Most  Superior  for  Drills,  Hammers,  Etc. 

A  full  and    complete  stock   of  this   reliable  and  well-known 
brand  of  Steel,  for  mining  and  other  uses,  now  in  stock  and  for  sale 

At  No.  417  Market  St,  S.  F.,   -    H.  D.  Morris,  Agent. 


CARTRIDGE. 


GEN.  W.  S.  ROSECRANS, 
President. 


Fuse  Lighter  and  Fuse. 


Safety  Cap  and  Fuse. 


COL.  SAM'L  0.  GREGORY, 
Secretary. 


Electric  Cap. 


San   Francisco   Pioneer   Screen   Works, 

J.  W.  QUICK,  Manufacturer, 


«» 


Several  first  premiums  received 
for  Quartz  Mill  Screens,  and  Per- 
forata Sheet  Metals  of  every 
I  description.  I  would  call  special 
I  attention  to  my  SLOT  CUT  and 
SLOT  PUNCHED  SCREENS, 
I  which  are  attracting  much  at- 
I  teution  and  giving  universal 
I  satisfaction.  This  is  the  only 
I  establishment  on  the  coast  de- 
voted exclusively  to  the  manufac- 
ture Of  Screens.  Mill  owners  using  Battery  Screens  exten- 
sively can  contract  for  large  supplies  at  favorable  rates. 
Orders  solicited  and  promptly  attended  to. 

32  Fremont  Street.  San  Francisco. 


Prompt  and  Successful. — Messrs.  Dewey  &  Co: — Gci 
tlemen:  Your  Circular  letter,  12th  inst.,  informing  me  of 
successful  termination  of  my  application  for  patent  re- 
ceived. Please  accept  thanks  for  the  prompt  and  suc- 
cessful manner  in  which  you  have  managed  this  business 
Yours  respectfully,  J.  H.  Cavanaugh. 

Walla  Walla,  Dee.  24th. 


THE     AMERICAN 


andadaptedto  ^   \J  J^JjllN  L 

3  to  500 
feet  head. 


Water  Wheels 


THE  BEST  IN  THE 
WORLD  ! 

Send  for  our  Circular 
and  Prices. 

BERRY  &  PLACE. 

'Market  St.,  Head  of  Front, 

San  Francisco. 


Safety  Powder,  Caps,  Electric  Caps,  and  Fuse  Lighters. 

Under  a  series  of  U.  S.  Patents,  after  long  and  carefully  conducted  experiments  and  thou- 
sands of  tests,  tins  Company  is  prepared  to  manufacture  and  supply,  for  Mining  and  Engineering 
Works,  the  above  named  articles  at  prices  and  on  terms  as  favorable  as  articles  of  similar  grades 
are  now  supplied  in  this  market.  Our  Powders  contain  no  Nitro-glyceriue.  no  Nitroline,  no  Gun 
Cotton,  no  Fulminates,  and  are  free  from  the  unavoidable  dangers  in  manufacturing' 
transporting,  handling  and  using  of  all  high  grade  explosives  which  contain  those  elements. 

Cold  does  not  ali'ect  them.  They  ciuse  no  headaches  or  other  inconveniences  in  handling, 
and  the  Bmoke  from  their  explosion  contaius  no  poisoning  or  sickening  vapors. 

Their  blasting  force,  with  slight  tamping,  at  least  equals  that  of  any  Powders  now  used,  but 
they  admit  and  require  strong  tamping  to  bring  out  their  immense  and  peculiar  lifting  power 
which  follows  their  detonating  work.     They  should  be  fired,  therefore,  by  our 

Safety   Cap, 

Which  allows  tamning  without  danger.  They  can  be  fired  by  any  caps  now  employed  in  blasting, 
but  the  use  of  these  is  always  dangerous  with  any  Powder,  and  the  loss  of  the  throwing  power 
resulting  from  lack  of  tamping  renders  it  with  our  Powders  doubly  objectionable. 

Our  SAFETY  CAPS  have  twice  or  thrice  the  force  of  triple  Giant  Caps.  When  set  on  fire 
they  do   not  explode,  but  merely  burn  off,  and  are  perfectly  safe  in  transporting  and  in  tamping. 

In  round  tin  boxes,  50  cents. 

The  Safety   Fuse   Lighter, 

Cheap,  handy  and  sure  to  light  the  Fuse  upon  the  end  of  which  it  is  fastened,  only  needs  a  trial 
to  be  appreciated  by  every  miner  who  isup  to  "snuffs.''     25  Cents  per  box;  sent  by  mail. 

Safety   Fuse, 

Equal  to  the  best  in  the  market,  will  be  supplied  at  the  lowest  market  prices. 


SAVE    YOUR    GOLD ! 


Highly  Important  to  Miners  and  Quartz  Mill  Men! 

0 

SILVER  PLATED  COPPER  AMALGAMATING  PLATES. 

The  BEST  PROCESS  yet   discovered  for    SAVING  FINE  GOLD.     Extensively  used  in 
Mines  and  Quartz  Mills.     Over  five  hundred  orders  have  been  filled  for  these  Plates. 

SAN  FRANCISCO  GOLD,  SILVER,  NICKEL  AND  COPPER  PLATING  WORKS, 

Nos.  653  and  655  Mission  Street,  San  Francisco. 

E.    G.    DENNISTON,       --------      PROPRIETOR- 


160 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[March  8,   1879. 


BURLEIGH   BOCK   DRILL 
Does  more  "work  at  Less  Cost 

THAN  ANY  OTHER   ROCK  DRILL.   LADDEK 

FIRE  EXTGIUES,        TrUCkS" 
Babcock  Chemical  Engines, 

Hose  Carts  and  Fire  Extinguishers. 


Mining    Machinery    Depot, 

PARKE  &  LACY,  417  Market  St. 

AIR  COMPRESSORS  and  ROCK  DRILLS. 

HOISTIN"Cx    ZEDSTG-HsTIEiS, 

ALL*telZES,  DOUBLE  AND  SINGLE,  WITH  SINGLE  and  DOUBLE  REELS. 

Pressure  Blowers.     Diamond  Anti-Friction  Metal.     Flexible   Shafts. 
PUMP 

And 

AIR 
COLUMN. 

HOOK 

And 


Centrifugal  Pumps  for  Irrigating.       burleigh  air   compressor 


Gives  Better  Results  than  any 
Compressor  Known. 


DEANE'S     STEAM      PUMPS, 

VERTICAL     AND     HORIZONTAL. 


Putnam's   Wood-Working    Machinery. 

MACHINISTS'   TOOLS. 

Lathe  Chucks.     Farmers'  Battery. 

HILL'S    EXPLODERS. 
SEND    FOR  CIRCULARS. 


Dunham,  Camp  &  Co., 

Nos.  107, 109  &  111  Front  Street,  S.  F. 

PIPE    &    TUBES, 

Seamless    La/p-~Welded , 

For  Steam,  Gas,  Water  and  Oil  Wells. 

All  Sizes,  from  One-Fourth  to  15  Inches  Diameter. 
— ALSO— 


L  A.IF- WZELIDIEID 


IFTJIMIIF  OOLUM3ST, 

-AND-  IIlJ2^ 

Air  db  Hydretixlio  Pipe, 

Prom    Three    to    Fifteen    Inches    in    Diameter. 
FOR    SALE    BY 

DUNHAM,    CARRIGAN    &    CO., 

Nos.  107, 109  and  111  Front  Street, San  Francisco. 


MANUFACTURED  UNDER  A.   NOBEL'S  ORIGINAL  AND  ONLY  VALID  NITRO-GLYCERINE  PATENTS 

Nos.  ONE,    TWO    and    THREE. 
Stronger,   Better  and  Safer  than  any  other  High  Explosive. 

Judson    Powder 

IS  NOW  USED  IN  ALL  LARGE  HYDRAULIC  CLAIMS. 

It  breaks  more  ground,  pulverizes  it  better,  saves  time  and  money,  and  ia    superseding    the    ordinary 
powder  wherever  it  is  tried.    igpTrlple  Force  Caps  and  all  Grades  of  Fuse. 

BANDMANNi    NIELSEN    &.    CO..  San  Francisco. 


SAVE   TOUR    GOLD! 


Highly  Important  to  Miners  and  Quartz  Mill  Men! 

SILVER    PLATED    AMALGAMATING    PLATES. 

The  best  process  yet  discovered  for  saving  line  or  float  gold.  Extensively  used  with  great 
success  in  gravel  and  placer  mining  in  various  parts  of  the  Pacific  €oast.  Over  five  hundred 
orders  have  been  filled,  and  the  demand  is  constantly  increasing.  A  large  number  of  these  Plates 
were  sent  to  Snake  River  mines,  Idaho,  last  year,  and  a  great  many  orders  are  being  filled  for 
them  this  season.  Circulars  containing  full  instructions  for  working  these  Plates  sent  with  each 
order.  Old  Mining  Plates  bought  or  taken  in  exchange  for  new  Silver  Plated  Plates,  and  full 
value  allowed.  Gold  extracted  from  old  Plates  at  a  moderate  cost  by  a  new  and  economical  pro- 
cess.    Old  Plates  (which  often  contain  a  surplus  of  gold  above  the  cost  of  plating)  can  be  re-plated. 

With  the  most  extensive  facilities  on  the  Pacific  Coast,  orders  can  be  filled  very  promptly 
and  satisfaction  guaranteed. 

Mining  Men  and  the  public  generally  are  cautioned  against  unprincipled  and  irre- 
sponsible parties  traveling  through  the  country,  endeavoring  to  secure  orders  for  very 
inferior  qualities  of  Silver  Plated  Mining  Plates. 

SAN  FRANCISCO  GOLD,  SILVER,  NICKEL  AND  COPPER  PLATING  WORKS, 

Nos.    6b3   and   655   Mission   Street,    San   Francisco,    Cal. 
EDWARD    G.    DENNISTON, PROPRIETOR. 


The  strongest  and 
most  economical  ex- 
plosive in  use. 


VULCAN  BLASTING  POWDER. 

Wherever  it  has  been  given  a  teat,  it  has  surpassed  all  other  high  explosives. 

U/nrkc  at    8AN  PA.BLO,  California,  I  Rffino      No.  123  California  Street, 

WUI  Kb  dl        and  RENO.  Nevada.  I  UIIIOB,  SAN    FRANCISCO. 


A.  S.  HALLIDIE, 

jiiaVStreet, 


Office,  No. 


Iron  and  Steel  Wire  Rope, 

Flat  and  Round,  forMlningJ^hlpping, 
Hoisting  and  GjjimXYwposes, 


Raving  th 

Wi 


lets  Jwn  erf ensivo 
the>fclnited  States,  I  am 
tare  Wire  Hope  and  Cables 
of  anjV^ngln  or  size  at  short  notice,  and  guar, 
inteo  the  quality  and  'workmanship  equal  to 
my  made  at  home  or  abroadTV 

Iron,  SteeI'3jjd\G#va)ized  Wire 

Of  all  [foes  on.  hah^orlnade  to  order, 

Barajeg"  Te  nee 

Sole  Proprj 

Hallidie^  -r E3dlefe  AKepeway, 

Fotf- thltatAispo  ijatleirbf  Ores. Etc. 
MZTSenS&T  aTHrcnlar, 

A.  S.  HATXiniE. 

Office.  Ho.  6  California.  St.,  Ban  Vnmnfitns. 


This  paper  IB  printed  with  Iruc  furnished  by 
Chas.  Eneu  Johnson  &  Co.,  600  South  10th 
St.,  Philadelphia  &J69  Gold  St.,  N  iY. 


GARDNERS' 


Celebrated 


Governor 


These  Steam  Governors  have   long 
been  known  as  THE  BEST,  and 
as  lately  Improved  and  Per- 
fected, they  have  no  Eival. 

THE    SAFETY     STOP 

On  these  Governors  ie  alone  worth  double  the  price  of 
the  Governor.    We  have  sold  over  six  hundred,  and 

Never  one  has  Failed. 

They  are  sold  at  the  same  price  (or  less)  as  ordinary 
Governors.    Send  for  Circular. 

BERRY  &   PLACE, 

Market,  head  of  Front  St.,  San  Francisco 


Engraving.l 


Superior  Wood  and  Metal  Engrav- 
ing, Electrotyping  and  Stereotyp- 
ing done  at  the  office  of  the  Mining 

and  Scientific  Prebb,  San  Francisco,  at  favorable  ratea 

Send  stamp  for  our  circular  and  samples. 


To   Mining   Men ! 

All  who  are  interested  in  improved  Mining  Machinery, 
are  requested  to  examine  one  of  the  largest  size  of 

PAUL'S  PULVERIZING  BARREL, 

Which  can  be  seen  (prior  to  shipment),  at  the  Golden 
State  and  Miners'  Foundry,  237  First  Street,  near  Howard. 


An  Illustrated 


of  MixiiMgi 


WW& 


DBWKY    At,    CO. 
PubllHhorN. 


SAN  FRANCISCO,  SATURDAY,  MARCH  15,  1879. 


VOJ-.UME    A  XXVIII 

Number     1 1. 


Boiler  Explosions.— No.  2. 

(Written  f<>r  the  Pkk-h  h\  If  W.  Rice  ] 
When  steam  engines  were  first  introduced  in 
California  for  furnishing  motive  power  for 
threshing  machines,  it  was  thought  by  many 
that  they  could  never  be  successfully  used  on 
account  of  danger  from  fire.  The  idea  of  hav- 
ing fire  in  a  harvest  field,  where  dry  straw  was 
scattered  loosely  about,  or  piled  so  near  that 
the  smallest  sparks  could  alight  upon  it.  Be- 
sides, the  sun  poured  down  its  heat  almost  in- 
tense enough  to  make  sufficient  steam  fur  the 
threshing  work,  and,  undoubtedly,  would  do 
so  if  there  was  sufficient  moisture,  and  a  way 
to  receive  and  confine  it.  The  danger  from  fire 
was  all  that  was  thought  of  as  an  obstacle  to 
the  success  of  steam  threshing  engines.  Dan- 
ger from  explosions  was  never  discussed  or  even 
mentioned.  No  engine  was  sent  out  without  a 
competent  engineer  to  run  it,  and  for  a  consid- 
erable time  no  explosions  took  place.  Engines 
at  that  time  were  not  as  large  and  powerful  as 
at  the  present  day,  and  it  was  necessary  to 
work  them  to  their  fullest  capacity  to  do  the 
work  required;  yet  the  work  was  performed, 
and  no  engines  exploded. 

About  four  years  after  the  first  introduction 
of  steam  in  our  harvest  fields  an  explosion  oc- 
curred in  Coutra  Costa  county,  near  Pachoco. 
Probably  there  is  not  a  case  on  record  where 
the  destructive  force  of  confined  steam  pressure 
was  so  dreadfully  illustrated  as  it  was  on  that 
occasion.  On  the  next  day  after  the  explosion 
we  visited  the  place,  for  the  sole  object,  if  pos- 
sible, of  learniug  the  cause,  and  for  such  in- 
struction as  might  be  gained  or  obtained  from  a 
survey  of  the  terrible  wreck  which  was  spread 
in  such  confusion  over  that  large  wheat  field. 
At  the  time  of  our  visit  there  was  not  a  person 
present,  and  a  good  opportunity  presented  itself 
to  look  carefully  at  what  was  to  be  seen,  with- 
out hearing  a  word  to  excite  or  prejudice. 
Where  the  engine  stood  nothing  was  left  but 
the  ash-pan,  which  was  flattened  and  bedded 
into  the  earth.  The  boiler  was  strong,  and  all 
parts  being  of  nearly  equal  strength,  no  partic- 
ular spot  gave  way,  but  it  was  literally  torn 
into  fragments.  The  largest  piece  was  a  boiler 
head  holding  the  tubes — 32  in  number — four 
feet  eight  inches  long,  aud  two  inches  in  diam- 
ter.  This  piece  was  thrown  about  50  feet,  and 
struck  the  separators,  where  the  feeders  usually 
stand.  The  steam  dome,  weighing  about  200 
pounds,  was  lifted  in  the  air  and  thrown  over 
the  separator,  and  dropped  about  400  feet  from 
where  it  started.  The  truck  wheels  were 
thrown  in  four  different  directions,  and  one  of 
them  we  were  not  able  to  find.  A  span  of 
horses  were  standing  near  the  separator,  at- 
tached to  a  wagon  loaded  with  bound  wheat 
bundles.  The  horses  were  fully  40  feet  from 
the  engine.  One  of  these  horses  was  lifted  into 
the  air,  carried  over  the  load,  and  dropped 
about  15  feet  behind  the  wagon.  The  wagon 
pole  was  broken  and  carried  on  top  of  the  load, 
and  parts  of  the  harness  were  left  on  the  way 
which  marked  the  direction  that  was  taken  by 
the  horse.  We  learned  afterwards  that  a  man 
was  reclining  under  the  wagon  and  a  dog  by  his 
side  was  killed,  while  the  man  escaped  unin- 
jured. The  engineer  was  thrown  about  100 
feet  and,  of  course,  was  instantly  killed.  The 
owner  of  the  machine  was  struck  by  a  piece  of 
iron  and  crippled  for  life. 

We  afterwards  heard  a  great  many  conflicting 
reports  from  different  persons.  It  was  said  that 
the  engineer  made  the  remark  in  the  morning 
that  he  would  "make  steam  with  her  or  blow 
her  to  — ."  The  place  he  mentioned  probably 
has  not  a  fit  climate  for  our  present  style  of 
machinery.  This  statement  was  contradicted, 
but  having  often  heard  the  same  or  like  expres- 
sions, it  offers  a  good  opportunity  to  express 
disgust  at  recklessness  or  carelessness  in  any 
form,  more  especially  when  it  endangers  the 
lives  of  innocent  persons  who  are  obliged  to 
work  around  these  machines,  besides  being  a 
very  foolish  piece  of  profanity. 

The  most  reliable  information  shows  that  the 
engineer  was  one  who  kept  his  engine  carefully 
oiled  and  cleaned.  The  safety-valve  was  neatly 
ground  to  a  perfect  fit,  no  steam  being  allowed 


to  blow  off,  and  no  part  of  the  boiler  or  engine 
was  allowed  to  lack  the  least  amount  of  water 
or  steam.  It  had  been  standing  for  fully  an 
hour  with  a  fire  of  wood  and  live  coals,  and  the 
■  team  gauge  indicated  a  pressure  of  140  pounds. 
There  was  no  water  glass,  but  three  compres- 
sion gauge  cocks  were  used  to  determine  the 
amount  of  water  in  the  boiler.  The  engineer 
opened  the  throttle  valve  and  directed  a  man  to 
take  hold  of  the  fly-wheel  and  start  it  off  the 
center.  At  the  instant  it  took  steam  it  ex- 
ploded. Here  is  excellent  opportunity  to  ex- 
plain the  cause  of  an  explosion  by  either  of  two 
theories,  as  there  were  persons  standing  by 
who  declare  that  the  water  was  low,  and  others 
as  persistently  maintain  that  there  was  fully  two 
gauges.  If  the  water  was  low  and  the  crown 
sheet  and  top  tubes  were  overheated,  it  is  easy 
to  see  that  when  the  engine  valve  moved  and  a 
cylinder  full  of  steam  was  drawn  out,  the  water 
would  rise  over  the  hot  iron,  and  the  explosion 
would  be  caused  by  the  "spheroidal  state  of 
the  water,"  a  popular  theory,  which  is  fully 
described  in  old  and  reliable  publications  which 
are  in  the  reach  of  any   person  who  wishes  to 


often.  In  some  sawmills  there  is  considerable 
time  that  the  engine  is  obliged  to  stand  still 
while  the  saws  are  being  put  in  order,  and  it  is 
positively  ordered  by  owners  that  the  safety- 
valve  be  alwayB  allowed  to  blow  off  while  this  is 
being  done.  If  engineers  of  threshing  engines 
would  make  this  a  rule,  undoubtedly  a  great 
many  of  the  boilers  would  be  saved  which  are 
now  blown  up. 

An  Improvement  in  Circular  Saws. 

Our  lumbermen  and  wood-workers  will  be 
interested  in  the  improvement  in  circular  saws 
shown  in  the  engraving  on  this  page.  The  im 
provement  is  a  simple  one,  and  yet  those  who 
have  tried  it  assure  us  that  its  working  is  most 
gratifying  and  effective.  It  is  styled  the  venti- 
lated or  perforated  saw,  and  is  one  of  the  many 
useful  inventions  of  R.  H.  Hoe  &  Co.  Its  style 
of  manufacture  has  an  influence  both  upon  the 
quality  of  the  saw  itself  and  upon  its  working, 
as  may  be  learned  from  the  following  review  of 


THE    VENTILATING    OR    PERFORATED    CIRCULAR    SAW. 


become  familiar  with  them.  They  should  be 
carefully  read  by  every  engineer  or  eugine 
owner. 

If  there  was  plenty  of  water  in  the  boiler, 
which  was  the  more  probable  conclusion,  then 
the  explosion  was  from  another  cause,  which 
the  nature  of  this  case  would  indicate  to  be 
true.  If  a  boiler  which  is  perfectly  tight  has 
steam  raised  to  a  high  pressure,  and  the  fire  is 
sufficient  to  keep  up  the  pressure,  no  steam  be- 
ing allowed  to  blow  off,  and  no  water  being  al- 
lowed to  be  forced  into  it,  it  is  supposed  that 
the  globules  of  water  in  the  boiler  come  in  con- 
tact with  the  heated  surfaces,  and,  becoming 
heated,  they  move  away,  giving  place  to  cooler 
ones.  This  slow  circulation  causes  all  the 
water  in  the  boiler  to  be  heated  higher  than 
would  be  required  to  make  it  into  steam.  If 
the  boiler  is  left  perfectly  quiet,  and  allowed  to 
cool  off.  no  harm  would  come  of  it,  but  if  the 
water  becomes  agitated,  as  by  a  shock  or  jar, 
to  give  it  a  quick  motion,  the  globules  flash 
into  steam  instantly,  and  no  greater  destruction 
could  take  place  if  it  were  filled  with  giant 
powder. 

It  is  claimed  that  this  can  be  effectually  obvi- 
ated by  allowing  the  safety-valve  to  blow 
gently,  or  by  pumping  in  a  little  water  quite 


the  results  obtained  by  perforating  the  blade  in 
the  manner  shown  in  the  engraving  : 

The  manufacturers  of  circular  saws  tell  us 
that  all  large  circular  saw  plates  warp  badly  in 
the  process  of  hardening,  varying  from  one  to 
four  or  five  inches  from  true.  The  tendency  is 
to  dish,  because  the  periphery  of  the  plate  cools 
fastest,  and  has  the  same  result  as  shrinking  a 
tire  on  a  wagon  wheel.  To  obviate  this  diffi- 
culty the  body  of  the  plate  is  thickly  perforated 
with  circular  holes.  These  allow  of  the  contact 
of  the  cold  oil  and  the  escape  of  the  gas  gen- 
erated by  it  and  the  hot  steel,  as  freely  through- 
out the  body  of  the  plate  as  at  the  periphery. 
The  whole  plate  will  therefore  shrink  equally, 
and  remain  straight  through  the  entire  process 
of  manufacture.  Plates  frequently  break  while 
hardening,  and  many  are  broken  while  being 
drawn  under  the  hammer,  to  counteract  the 
buckle  produced  by  hardening.  A  good  work- 
ing saw  cannot  be  made  from  a  plate  that  has 
been  badly  cast  in  hardening.  The  unequal 
strain  of  the  metal  caused  by  hammering  for 
the  purpose  of  trueing  a  badly  warped  plate,  is 
the  principle  cause  of  a  saw's  breaking  while  in 
use,  or  making  a  cut.  The  small  circular  holes, 
instead  of  weakening  the  plate  (as  unprofes- 
sionals  would  suppose),   add  materially  to  its 


stre  ngth,  and  lessens  its  liability  to  break  while 
working. 

In  the  working  of  the  saw  it  is  found  that  all 
the  chip  that  escapes  from  the  throats  of  the 
teeth  and  is  driven  between  the  saw  aud  timber, 
will  fall  into  the  holes  and  be  carried  out  of  the 
cut,  thus  relieving  the  plate  from  all  friction 
and  consequent  heating.  Furthermore,  each 
beveled  hole  will  act  as  a  fan,  causing  a  rapid 
current  of  air  to  flow  through  the  body  of  the 
saw — air  in  motion  absorbs  beat  rapidly — and 
will  thus  prevent  the  saw  from  heating.  This 
method  of  ventilating  large  circulars  is  appli- 
cable to  solid  as  well  as  chisel  bit  saws,  and  we 
shall  be  able  to  run  much  thinner  saws  than 
those  not  so  perforated. 

It  will  be  remembered  that  the  chisel  tooth 
circular  saws  are  also  the  invention  of  R.  H. 
Hoe  &  Co.  They  have  given  wide  satisfaction 
according  to  all  accounts  that  we  have  seen. 
These  were  introduced  on  this  coast  by  Tatura 
&  Bowen,  No.  3  Fremont  street,  S.  F.,  and  the 
same  firm  is  now  introducing  the  perforated  saw 
which  we  have  described.  The  perforated  saw 
has  been  used  in  the  Puget  Sound  lumber  dis- 
trict and  the  report  is  that  its  operation  is  most 
satisfactory. 


The  Isthmus  Canal  Project 

The  old  problem  of  a  canal  cutting  the 
Isthmus  of  Darien  is  now  assuming  new  life 
through  the  persistent  inquiry  of  the  French. 
On  another  page  in  this  issue,  will  be  found  a 
brief  summary  of  the  results  attained  by  the 
last  body  of  French  engineers  sent  out  to  study 
the  feasibility  of  the  canal.  Their  report  is 
being  foUowed  up  by  French  writers  who  take 
up  the  resultant  benefits  of  the  canal  and  adorn 
them  with  rosy  colors.  The  latest  of  these  views 
is  that  of  the  Econowiste  Francaine.  This 
journal  has  been  figuring  the  sailing  time  be- 
tween different  commercial  centers,  which 
court  the  Chinese  trade,  and  the  computa- 
tions are  found  to  be  vastly  in  favor  of  our 
Eastern  seaboard  over  England.  Our  Eastern 
merchants  and  manufacturers  are  pushing  their 
English  competitors  close  to  the  wall  in  many 
ports  of  the  world,  and  they  wiU  make  haste  to 
avail  themselves  of  any  advantages  which  they 
may  find  in  assaihng  the  eastern  coast  of  Asia 
with  their  merchandise. 

The  French  journal,  to  which  we  have  alluded, 
gives  statistics  showing  the  actual  differences 
in  distances  and  time  between  voyages  from  the 
English  channel  to  Pacific  and  Chinese  portB, 
and  from  New  York  to  the  same  points.  The 
advantages  are  in  favor  of  the  latter,  being  to 
San  Francisco,  CaUao,  Valparaiso  and  Sandwich 
Islands,  four  and  a  half  days, .  or  from  3k%  to 
4£%,  and  8£  days,  or  7%,  to  Shanghai.  If  an 
isthmus  canal  be  opened,  the  difference  for  sail- 
ing vessels  would  be  24  days,  or  from  33%  to 
51%  from  New  York  to  the  four  places  named, 
and  22£  days,  or  28%  to  Shanghai.  The  aver- 
age gain  to  New  York  vessels  would  be  2,000 
miles,  or  19  days  over  English  and  French  com- 
petitors. Attention  is  then  called  to  the  in- 
creased use  of  steamers  since  the  opening  of  the 
Suez  canal.  The  same  result  would  follow  by 
the  isthmus  route.  The  difference  then  in  favor 
of  New  York  for  steamers,  which  is  now  very 
small,  amounting  to  only  one  day,  or  from  H% 
to  3%,  would,  with  the  canal,  be,  to  San  Fran- 
cisco, 12  out  of  29  days,  41%;  Callao,  12  out  of 
21,  or  57%;  Valparaiso,  12  out  of  27,  or  44%;  to 
the  Sandwich  Islands,  12  out  of  35,  or  34% — an 
advantage  of  44%  on  the  average  for  New  York, 
simply  doubling  the  commercial  advantages  to 
the  United  States  with  the  Pacific. 

It  will  be  greatly  to  the  glory  of  the  French 
engineers  and  capitalists  if  they  succeed  at 
Darien,  where  so  many  commercial  powers,  in- 
cluding our  own  government,  have  explored 
and  turned  back  in  dismay.  Although,  we 
should  dislike,  on  general  principles,  to  see  any 
foreign  nation  win  control  of  any  artery  of  com- 
merce which  will  be  so  important  to  this 
country  as  the  isthmus  canal,  still  if  the  pro- 
ject goes  much  longer  by  default  by  our  inac- 
tivity, their  can  be  no  cause  for  complaint. 
Perhaps  it  would  be  as  well  to  have  the  French 
own  the  canal  as  any  other  foreign  power,  and 
so  long  as  we  get  the  commercial  benefit,  per- 
haps we  can  afford  to  let  the  French  raise  the 
money  and  reap  the  glory. 


162 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[March  15.   1879. 


CORRESPONDENCE. 


We  admit,  unendorsed,  opinions  of  correspondents. — Eds. 


Douglas  District,  Wyoming. 

Editors  Press: — Douglas  creek,  in  Douglas 
district,  Carbon  county,  Wyoming  Territory,  is 
a  beautiful  stream  running  through  the  Medi- 
cine Bow  mountain  range.  The  Medicine  Bow 
mountain  forms  a  broad,  elevated  range,  with  a 
gradual  easterly  descent  toward  the  Laramie 
plains.  There  is  a  narrow  but  beautiful  and 
picturesque  valley  along  the  course  of  Douglas 
creek.  This  valley  is  very  winding,  and  is 
over-topped  by  high  peaks  on  either  side.  The 
average  altitude  is  about  9,000  feet  above  the 
sea;  the  crest  of  the  peaks  about  10,000  feet, 
and  the  most  elevated  point  probably    11,000 

feet. 

Kind  of  Rock. 

The  mass  of  the  Medicine  Bow  range  is  gray 
gneiss  and  granite.  The  greater  portion  of  the 
latter  is  red  granite,  its  feldspar  being  red 
orthoclase.  These  metamorphic  rocks  ha\re 
been  penetrated  by  large  masses  of  igneous 
rocks;  and  the  great  upheaval,  displacement 
and  scattering  of  the  metamorphic  rocks  shows 
the  igneous  action  to  have  been  most  intense. 
The  action  has  been  general  throughout  the 
range,  though  in  some  places  we  can  still  see 
evidence  of  stratification,  but  these  localities 
are  few.  Any  fossil  forms  must  necessarily 
have  been  destroyed  by  the  intense  and  wide- 
spread igneous  action,  rendering  it  impossible  to 
give  the  age  of  the  rock  mass  of  which  the  range 
is  composed. 

At  considerable  depths  below  the  surface  the 
greater  portion  of  the  rock  is  greenstone 
(massive  rock  serpentine).  This  is  shown  by 
the  development  of  the  mines  now  being  worked 
here,  the  Keystone  and  Florence;  the  wall 
rock  of  both  these  mines  being  composed  of 
greenstone,  occasionally  passing  into  talc-schist. 

Conclusions  from  Geological  Formation. 

Assuming  that  the  now  universally  accepted 
theory  of  the  formation  and  filling  of  fissures  is 
correct  (i.  e.,  the  formation  of  fissures  by  earth- 
quakes, caused  by  volcanic  action,  and  the  fill- 
ing by  chemical  solution  and  infiltration  from 
the  interior,  the  solution  being  aided  by  steam 
and  heated  gases),  we  are  led  to  believe  that  a 
great  many  fissures  must  have  been  formed  in 
this  range.  And  that  a  large  amount  of  steam 
and  heated  gases  must  have  resulted  from  the 
intense  volcanic  action,  which  would  exist  in 
the  crevices  long  after  the  eruptive  action  had 
ceased,  thus  aiding  in  the  solution  of  the  metals 
and  filling  of  the  fissures. 

The  next  inquiry  will  naturally  be:  "What 
metals  are  the  material  filling  these  fissures 
likely  to  contain?"  Of  the  number  and  quantity 
of  each  it  would  be  impossible  to  form  an  esti- 
mate, as  many  of  the  metals  are  found  in  veins 
which  traverse  all  formation.  I  shall,  there- 
fore, confine  myself  to  the  probability  of  finding 
a  single  number  of  the  group,  viz.,  gold. 

It  does  not  require  a  very  wise  man  to  pre- 
dict, and  even  prove,  the  existence  of  gold  in 
this  belt,  as  it  has  already  been  found  in  suffi- 
cient quantity  to  pay  for  its  extraction  in  both 
the  Keystone  and  Florence  mines.  Hence  I 
will  consider  the  probability  of  its  being  found 
in  the  veins  and  in  considerable  quantity.  In 
this  connection  we  must  consider  the  influence 
of  the  country  rock  on  the  contents  of  lodes. 
While  no  general  laws  can  be  laid  down  under 
this  head  that  will  be  applicable  to  all  localities, 
yet  experience  has  well  established  the  fact,  that 
for  every  mineral-bearing  locality  where  the 
country  rock  is  dissimilar  a  classification  of  such 
rock'is  admissible  into  what  is  called  ore-car- 
rier and  non-carrier;  this  is  especially  true  of 
gold-bearing  districts,  and  in  one  district  in  the 
Hartz  mountains  a  gold-bearing  quartz  vein  is 
found  running  through  gray  and  red  gneiss. 
Now,  this  vein  pays  well  during  its  continuance 
in  the  gray  gneiss,  but  is  almost  barren  in  the 
red. 

From  personal  experience  I  can  state,  that  the 
country  rock  of  all  rich  gold-bearing  ledges  that 
I  ever  saw  (notably  those  of  the  South  American 
mhaing  company  and  Callao  mining  company  in 
Guayana,  Venezuela)  was  gray  gneiss,  the  wall 
rock  at  considerable  depths  being  greenstone  in 
both  instances.  I  am  aware  that  good  and  pay- 
ing gold-bearing  veins  have  been  found  in  a 
purely  granite  formation,  but  gray  gneiss  is  re- 
garded, and  correctly  so,  as  a  far  more  favorable 
gold-bearing  formation.  I  will  here  state  that 
gneiss  is  a  granite  rock,  but  should  not  be  con- 
founded with  a  true  granite.  The  chief  distinc- 
tion between  them  is  that  in  gneiss  the  mica  is 
aggregated  into  layers,  giving  to  the  rock  lines 
of  cleavage;  while  in  the  true  granite  the  mica 
is  irregularly  disseminated  through  the  mass 
and  possesses  therefore  no  Hues  of  fracture. 

One  of  the  veins  before  alluded  to,  viz.,  that 
of  the  Callao  mining  company,  has  a  maximum 
width  of  nine  feet,  pinching  out  in  places  to 
three  feet,  the  average  being  about  six  feet. 
Now,  this  district  (Douglas  creek)  has  been  sub- 
jected to  more  intense  igneous  action  than  that 
of  Callao.  The  country  rock  is  essentially  the 
same  in  both  districts.  It  is  not  unreasonable, 
therefore,  to  predict  the  existence  of  as  large, 
or  even  larger,  gold-bearing  veins  in  the  former 
as  in  the  latter. 

A  Good  Field  for  Prospectors. 
But  little  prospecting  has  been  done  in- this 


range,  yet  I  know  of  no  better  field,  and  for 
two  reasons:  1.  On  account  of  the  good  natural 
facilities  the  district  offers  for  treating  all  classes 
of  ore.  2.  The  excellent  wagon  road  between 
Laramie  City,  a  pleasant  city  situated  on  the 
Union  Pacific  railroad,  and  the  range. 

The  entire  range  is  covered  with  a  thick 
growth  of  pine;  the  trees  have  an  average  diam- 
eter of  about  one  foot.  This  timber  makes  an 
excellent  fuel,  and  is  also  good  mining  timber; 
the  only  expense  to  be  incurred  would  be  that 
of  cutting  and  delivering. 

Douglas  creek  furnishes  an  abundant  supply 
of  water  for  all  purposes,  both  winter  and  sum- 
mer. So  that  the  question  of  a  sufficient  supply 
of  fuel  and  water  for  metallurgical  purposes  is 
here  very  nicely  solved. 

A  tri-weekly  stage  coach  runs  between  Lara- 
mie City  and  the  town  of  Douglas.  The  latter 
is  a  mining  town  of  about  200  inhabitants,  situ- 
ated in  the  range,  and  about  12  miles  from  its 
eastern  slope.  The  road  is  through  the  Laramie 
plains  for  a  distance  of  33  miles;  then  ascend- 
ing the  eastern  slope  of  the  range  it  leads 
through  the  most  level  portion  of  the  same  for 
a  distance  of  12  miles,  when  Douglas  is  reached. 
Grading  has  been  done  where  it  was  found  nec- 
essary, so  that  good  facilities  are  offered  for 
travel  and  the  transportation  of  heavy'  ma- 
chinery between  the  range  and  the  Union 
Pacific  railroad.  J.  G.  Murphy,  E.  M. 


The  Industries  of  Inyo  County, 

Editors  Press: — Thisregiou  should, geograph- 
ically, belong  to  Nevada,  lying,  as  it  does,  east  of 
the  Sierra  Nevadamountains.  Our  supplies  from 
San  Francisco  are  shipped  either  via.  Carson  or  the 
southern  route,  via.  Mohave.  By  either  route, 
freight  is  about  five  cents  per  pound,  and  thou- 
sands of  tons  are  shipped  yearly  to  these  mining 
districts  and  farming  settlements.  From  Borden, 
Fresno  county,  the  distance  nearly  due  east, 
across  the  Sierras,  according  to  survey  made 
last  summer  by  Mr.  Sherwin,  is  90  miles  to 
Lake  district,  a  new  mining  district  formed  last 
year.  There  is  a  good  wagon  road  from  Borden, 
or  Madeira,  to  the  saw  mills  at  Fresno  Flats, 
distance,  50  miles;  the  other  40  miles,  there  is 
only  a  dim,  rough  trail.  It  is  estimated  that 
$50,000  would  build  a  wagon  road  through  to 
Lake  district.  This  district  (altitude  about 
9,000  feet  above  sea  level)  is  on  the  eastern 
slope  of  the  Sierra  Nevada  range.  Running 
parallel  with  the  Sierra  is  another  grand  range 
called  the  Inyo,  or  White  mountains,  where 
peaks  of  12,000  feet  and  upwards  may  be  seen. 
Lying  between  these  two  romantic  ranges  is 
Owens  valley,  which  is  over  100  miles  long  from 
Lake  district  to  Owens  lake.  Owens  river 
heads  in  the  vicinity  of  Lake  district,  and 
empties  into  Owens  lake,  while  the  San  Joaquin 
heads  a  short  distance  from  the  other,  but  me- 
anders to  the  western  slope  of  the  Sierras. 
Mines  and  Farms. 
Mono  lake,  the  "Dead  sea  of  the  West,"  is 
only  a  few  miles  from  Lake  district,  and  the 
celebrated  Bodie  mines  are  still  north  of  Mono. 
Imagine,  now,  that  you  are  looking  south  from 
this  elevated  region  and  you  will  take  in  wild, 
romantic  sceneries,  especially  along  the  Sierras 
from  Mono  to  Owens  lake.  But,  unless  there  is 
"money  in  it,"  what  do  we  care  for  the  grand 
and  sublime  in  nature!  WeU,  then  let  us 
scamper  south  along  the  Inyo  range  and  de- 
tached hills,  and  we  will  strike  some  rich  min- 
ing districts.  There  are  Blind  Springs  (Benton), 
Indian  district,  Montgomery,  Indian  Queen, 
Bellville,  Columbus,  Silver  Peak,  Golden 
Wedges,  Johnson  mines,  Lida  Valley,  Eclipse, 
Darwin,  Cerro  Gordo,  Coso  mines,  etc.  Strike 
again  across  the  valley  and  run  north  along  the 
eastern  slope  of  .the  Sierra  range,  and  you  will 
run  into  Alabama,  Kearsarge,  Silver  Sprout, 
Fish  Springs  mines,  Bishop  Creek  mines,  French 
district,  Minnietta,  Laurel,  Lake  Prescott, 
Dunberburgh,  etc.  Judging  from  present  indica- 
tions we  are  "almost  persuaded"  that  the  min- 
eral resources  of  this  big  country  is  inexhaust- 
ible, and  that  within  a  short  time  the  popula- 
tion will  increase  a  hundredfold,  when  streams 
of  bullion  will  be  continuously  rushing  to  your 
city. 

We  wiU  start  again  at  Lake  district,  which 
overlooks  a  large  valley  called 
Long  Valley, 
About  15  miles  long  and  several  miles  wide. 
On  account  of  its  altitude,  about  7,000  feet 
above  sea  level,  it  is  not  a  grain-producing  val- 
ley, but  an  excellent  summer  range  for  stock, 
grass  and  water  being  abundant.  Thousands 
of  horses,  cattle,  sheep  and  hogs  are  driven 
early  every  summer  into  this  valley  from  the 
various  settlements  south,  and  late  in  the  fall 
are  driven  back  again  by  their  owners.  Owens 
river  runs  through  Long  valley.  About  10© 
miles  south  of  this  valley  is 

Round  VaUey, 
Which  is  six  miles  long  and  three  miles  wide. 
This  is  a  fine  valley,  under  a  high  state  of  cul- 
tivation. Wheat,  oats,  barley,  corn,  potatoes, 
and  all  kinds  of  vegetables  grow  well  here. 
Although  the  altitude  is  between  4,000  and 
5,000  feet  above  sea  level,  good  crops  have  been 
raised  every  year  (no  failure  yet)  since  1865, 
which  was  the  first  year  of  farming  in  this  lo- 
cality. This  valley  lies  at  the  base  of  the 
Sierras,  and  is  well  watered  by  three  large 
creeks,  which  are  sufficient  for  irrigating  pur- 
poses. Two  or  three  miles  farther  is 
Pleasant  Valley, 

Where  several  farms  are  yielding  good  crops. 
Still  southeast  four  or  five  miles  is  the  thriv- 


ing settlement  of  Bishop  Creek.  Four  stores, 
two  schoolhouses,  church,  two  or  three  hotels, 
a  number  of  saloons,  two  flouring  mills,  one 
brewery  and  malt  house,  shoemakers,  black- 
smith shops,  etc.,  flourish  here. 

About  six  miles  south  of  Bishop  Creek  is  the 
"Watson  place,"  where  grain  and  alfalfa  do 
well  and  considerable  fruit  is  raised.  A  vine- 
yard of  15  acres,  producing  excellent  grapes, 
may  be  seen  here. 

StiU  south  seven  miles  is  the  Big  Pine  settle- 
ment, where  large  crops  of  the  cereals,  alfalfa, 
etc.,  are  raised. 

On  a  "bench,"  nestled  at  the  base  of  the 
Sierras  and  almost  encircled  by  hills,  is  a  fertile 
little  valley  of  a  few  hundred  acres,  where  fruit 
in  great  profusion  is  grown  by  Bell  and  Baker. 

Fish  Springs,  seven  miles  from  Big  Pine,  is 
another  farming  settlement,  and  from  there  to 
Independence  there  is  more  or  less  farming 
done. 

Independence 
Is  the  county  seat  of  Inyo,  where  a  weekly 
paper  {Inyo  Independent)  is  published,  which 
has  for  seven  or  eight  years  disseminated  val- 
uable information  respecting  this  region.  Camp 
Independence  (the  "Fort,"  two  miles  north  of 
town,)  is  in  latitude  36°  50',  altitude  4,598  feet 
above  sea  level. 

From  Independence,  south,  to  Lone  Pine  (16 
miles)  there  is  also  considerable  farming.  Lone 
Pine  is  quite  a  town,  where  the  southern  min- 
ing camps  of  this  county  get  their  supplies.  A 
few  miles  south  of  Lone  Pine  is  Owens  lake. 
From  the  lake,  in  fact  from  Lone  Pine,  the 
country  is  a  desert  waste  to  Mohave,  the  near- 
est railroad  point,  over  which  the  Cerro  Gordo 
Freighting  Company  navigate  their  '  'prairie 
schooners. 

All  the  foregoing  settlements  lie  west  of  the 
river  (Owens)  and  the  thousands  of  acres  under 
cultivation  are  entirely  irrigated  by  the  large, 
purling  streams  issuing  from  the  canyons  of  the 
Sierras.  Very  few  streams  flow  from  the 
White  mountains,  hence  the  comparative  scar- 
city of  the  arable  land  along  their  base.  How- 
ever, considerable  desert  land  is  being  reclaim- 
ed east  of  the  river,  water  for  irrigating  pur- 
poses is  taken  out  of  that  large  stream. 
Several  miles  of  ditches  have  already  been  dug 
by  Col.  Alexander,  Owens,  Collins  and  others 
who  raised  a  crop  last  year.  It  is  stated  that 
the  land  is  very  productive,  providing  an  abun- 
dance of  water  is  applied. 

More  anon,  respecting  our  climate,  soil,  its 
products,  etc.  T.   E.  J, 

Owens  Valley,  Inyo  Co.,  Cal. 


Atomic   Silver  —  Electrical    Metallurgy. 

Editors  Press: — The  following  extracts  are 
from  one  of  many  letters  I  receive  on  the  amal- 
gamation of  metals,  and  as  this  subject  is  of 
universal  interest  I  answer  it  through  the 
Press: 

Almarin  B.  Paul—  Dear  Sir:  I  received  with  much 
interest  your  article  entitled  "  Rebellious  Miners,"  pub- 
lished in  Scientific  Press  for  November. 

L  If  the  atomic  doctrine  be  true  of  gold,  is  it  not 
equally  true  of  silver? 

2.  Does  not  our  silver  oreB  as  a  general  thing-  contain  a 
goodly  percentage  of  metallic  silver? 

3.  It  occurred  to  me  while  reading  your  article  that  our 
scientific  men  ought  to  experiment  more  largely  with 
electricity  in  reducing  and  saving  the  precious  metals. 
Our  best  writers  on  chemistry  now  admit  that  all  chemi- 
cal action  depends  on  electrical  action;  in  other  words, 
that  electricity  is  the  intelligent  agent 

4  What  are  the  results  of  your  experiments  in  this 
direction  ?  Electricity  is  the  coming  power  and  should 
be  carefully  looked  after  by  mining  men.— A.  W.,  Vestal, 
Montana, 

Upon  these  points  I  comment  as  follows: 

1.  We  cannot  apply  the  same  rule  to  silver 
as  to  gold,  though  both  are  precious  metals; 
and  for  the  reason  that  while  gold  1b  a  simple, 
silver,  to  a  great  extent,  is  a  compound,  in 
other  words,  not  universally  in  a  metallic  condi- 
tion. The  great  value  in  the  Comstock  ores 
(outside  of  gold)  is  in  metallic  silver,  and  there 
is  no  reason  why  much  of  it  is  not  in  an  atomic 
condition,  though  I  do  not  think  as  universally 
so  as  gold.  Although  I  worked  Comstock  ores 
for  over  six  years,  I  never  investigated  the 
atomic  question,  as  relates  to  silver,  as  I  have 
since,  with  gold;  and  for  good  reasons  it  takes 
a  vast  number  of  atoms  of  silver  to  make  a 
dollar,  while  a  dollar  is  easily  lost  or  saved  if 
gold;  and  besides,  the  percentage  gained  in 
working  silver,  is  so  vastly  ahead  of  that  gained 
by  the  barbarous  way  of  working  our  gold  ores. 

2.  By  experiments,  I  have  satisfied  myself 
that  there  is,  in  all  ores,  a  much  larger  per- 
centage of  metallic  silver  than  is  usually  cred- 
ited to  be,  and  besides  there  is  a  great  deal  of 
ore  considered  "rebellious"  silver  ore  that  can 
be  worked  in  consequence  of  its  large  per  cent, 
of  metallic  silver,  to  a  much  greater  profit  with- 
out fire  than  with  it;  this  I  apply  more  partic- 
ularly to  lower  grade  silver  ore.  There  is  too 
general  an  opinion  that  because  an  ore  may  carry  a 
large  ner  cent,  of  silver,  that  the  only  success- 
ful way  to  treat  it,  is  to  chloridize.  I  admit  a 
better  per  cect.  may  be  obtained,  but  will  not 
admit  that  in  all  ores  it  is  always  the  best  way 
or  the  most  profitable.  In  this  age,  we  work 
more  for  profit  than  per  cent. ,  glory  or  science. 
One  reason  there  is  such  a  general  resort  to  the 
roasting  of  silver  ore  is,  some  carry  the  "baser1' 
metals,  as  lead,  zinc,  antimony  or  copper,  and 
as  all  must  be  worked  "bike  they  work  the 
Comstock,"  where  the  ores  are  entirely  dissimi- 
lar, the  result  is  they  produce  very  base  bullion, 
besides  vitiating  the  mercury,  and  making,  in 
consequence,     a   heavy   loss   of    mercury     and 


silver.  To  avoid  this  "fouling"  and  baseness  of 
bullion,  they  say  the  ores  must  he  roasted. 
Thus  far,  they  are  right,  but  by  a  change  of 
operation,  and  not  "work  like  the  Comstock," 
all  the  expense  of  roasting  might  be  avoided, 
and  as  good  result,  with  merchantable  bullion 
obtained.  If  our  miUmen  do  not  know  how  to 
accomplish  this,  I  do,  and  others  as  well  as 
myself. 

3.  Now  as  to  the  electrical  feature  as  applied 
to  amalgamating  the  precious  metals.  I  have  ex- 
pended 10  years  on  this  very  question,  and 
have  accomplished  much,  and  with  one  excep- 
tion— a  treatment  for  the  separating  cheaply, 
of  the  precious  metals  from  base  bullion.  I 
have  concentrated  the  good  points  of  these  ex- 
periments all  into  my  "Dry  Amalgamating  Bar- 
rel Process."  You  wiU  see  in  my  last  pamphlet, 
page  9,  that  I  saf — 

Although  I  have  well  considered  the  science 
of  its  metallurgical  features,  its  introduction 
here  is  of  minor  importance.  This  is  a  practical 
age;  man's  aim  is  wealth  rather  than  science.  I 
therefore  present  it  in  a  practical  shape,  and 
for  the  present  will  only  attempt  to  prove  my 
statement  by  bars  of  bullion;  but  here  I  must 
say,  that  the  process,  in  a  scientific  sense,  is  in 
perfect  accord  with  the  effectual  laws  of  chem- 
ical and  electrical  science,  aU  of  which,  in  due 
time,  will  be  as  much  appreciated  by  the  scien- 
tific, as  by  the  practical  miner,  who  only  scana 
his  bullion  as  a  test  of  merit. 

Again,  on  page  5  I  say — 

I  adopt,  therefore,  dry  reduction,  and  add  to 
it  dry  amalgamation,  under  heat  of  electrical 
action,  which  in  all  nature  is  life,  thus  producing 
amalgamation  by  attraction  as  well  as  com- 
pulsion. 

I  first  called  this  system  the  "electric  pro- 
cess," as  the  amalgamation  is  based  on  elec- 
trical science,  but  subsequently  dropped  the 
electric  part,  for  the  reason  I  found  it  was 
making  pecuniary  headway  backward,  this  talk- 
ing about  electrical  metallurgy,  as  too  many 
mining  men  get  frightened  when  they  are  asked 
to  touch  anything  with  some  new  scientific  idea 
in  it,  just  as  if  the  art  of  handling  precious 
metals  was  to  stand  still  while  the  world  was 
advancing  in  everything  else. 

At  the  same  time  I  dropped  the  talk  I  did 
not  drop  the  merits  or  give  any  further  expla- 
nation, and  now  could  convey  considerable 
more  on  electrical  metallurgy  than  I  propose  to 
do.  What  is  the  use  of  parading  any  new  sci-. 
entific  fact  for  solid-headed  miners?  They  want 
the  bullion — not  science.  The  more  one  seeks 
to  give  scientific  solutions  for  practical  results 
the  less  value  is  given  to  any  new  process  or  dis- 
covery, no  matter  what  it  is.  I  might  also  add, 
what  is  the  use  of  expending  time  and  money  on 
experiments?  There  is  no  reward  for  it.  In  fact 
one  actually  injures  his  reputation  as  a  sensible 
business  man  by  advancing  new  principles,  no 
matter  how  great  the  merit, 

4.  As  to  the  progress  and  results  I  have  made 
by  my  radical  treatment  of  oreB,  I  will  answer 
thus  : 

1st.  I  have  determined  that  what  has  been 
deemed  a  myth  of  alchemistical  science  to  be  a 
practical  fact — viz,  that  there  is  such  a  thing  as 
"philosophical  mercury"  (as  the  alchemist  called 
it).  In  practical  wording,  that  mercury  can  be 
placed  in  such  a  condition  as  to  have  affinity 
only  for  gold  and  silver.  In  other  words,  that 
I  can  work  ores  containing  gold,  silver,  lead, 
antimony,  zinc,  copper  or  arsenic,  as  a  whole  or 
singly,  with  the  precious  metals,  and  amalga- 
mate only  gold  and  silver,  and  produce  bullion 
finer  than  coin,  and  oftener  above  950-1000  fine 
than  under  it,  and  will  prove  it  can  be  done  on 
a  scale  of  100  tons  a  day  as  easily  as  100 
pounds. 

2d.  That  the  large  body  of  silver  ores  now  put 
through  the  process  of  roasting  can  be  more 
profitably  worked  without  it  and  all  bullion  be 
free  of  base,  or,  rather,  950-1000  fine. 

3d.  That  by  the  disintegration  of  ores  and 
chemical  applications,  I  can  generate,  in  &  prac- 
tical amalgamating  machine,  so  much  electricity 
as  todefy  the  strength  of  the  strongest  man — 
not  only  that,  but  be  dangerous  to  handle. 

4th.  That  I  will  amalgamate  gold  so  fine  that 
paper  can  be  gilded  with  it. 

5th.  That  there  is  no  such  thing  as  gold  being 
in  any  other  condition  than  metallic — in  other 
words,  that  gold  is  a  simple. 

6th.  Taking  ores  from  any  of  the  leading 
gold  mines  of  California  that  the  best  mills, 
working  stamps,  copper  plates  and  blankets,  do 
not  get,  on  an  average,  40%  of  the  full  value  of 
the  ore. 

7th.  That  the  majority  of  mills  of  California 
working  as  above,  do  not  average  one-third  the 
value  of  the  ores,  and  that  the  great  bulk  of 
the  gold  lost  is  atomic  gold,  and  gold  so  fine 
that  paper  can  be  gilded  with  it  in  its  natural 
state. 

I  make  the  above  declarations  as  important 
and  practically  deduced  facts  for  such  of  the 
mining  community  who  can  appreciate  advance- 
ment. Now,  some  may  say  if  I  can  do  all  this, 
I  ought  to  be  a  very  rich  man — that  all  I  should 
want  would  be  bags  to  put  the  gold  in.  But 
such  is  not  the  case.  My  mind  has  been  too 
many  years  absorbed  (very  foolish  in  me  for  my 
own  interests,  I  must  admit,)  in  these  experi- 
ments, and  so  much  so  that  I  forgot  how  to 
make  money,  and  only  remembered  how  to 
spend  it.  I  propose,  however,  to  change  this 
programme,  and  now  will  endeavor  to  turn  ex- 
perience to  some  purpose.  Really,  Mr.  Editor, 
I  must  beg  pardon  for  making  so  long  and  free 
an  answer  to  so  short  a  letter,  but  my  ideas  run 
away  with  my  pen.     More  anon.     Yours, 

Almarin  B.  Paul. 

San  Francisco,  March  1st,  1879. 


March  15,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


163 


A  New  Iron  Car. 

Since  the  firat  railroad  became  a  practical 
success  efforts  have  been  made  with  unusually 
poor  results  to  make  good  cars  of  the  samo  ma- 
terial as  the  tracks.  Two  classes  of  men  have 
been  experimenting.  One  composed  of  engi- 
neers, who  have  ii"t  made  sufficient  allowance 
for  the  strain -(  developed  in  practical  use,  such, 
for  instance,  as  an  occasional  collision,  and  went 
to  the  extreme  of  light  construction;  the  other 
class  of  practical  car  builders  started  on  the 
basis  of  their  experience  in  wood- working,  and 
not  only  used  too  much  iron,  making  their  cars 
heavy  and  costly,  but  used  it  in  forms  not  well 
calculated  to  give  good  results,  because  the  ma- 
terial was  not  applied  in  a  way  to  secure  its  full 
strength.  A  eouple  of  Buffalo  gentlemen,  who 
combine  both  energetic  and  practical  training, 
have  recently  invented  and  patented  an  iron  car 
which  is  expected  to  strike  the  happy  mean. 
The  inventors  are  Charles  II.  Kellogg,  engineer 
of  the  Kellogg  bridge  works,  and  Mr.  John  W. 
Seaver,  mechanical  engineer  of  the  same  estab- 
lishment. Several  trial  ears  are  now  being  con- 
jitruoted  for  the  Buffalo  &  Southwestern  railway 
60  that  the  results  of  their  practical  use  will 
Boon  be  known.  These  gentlemen  claim  that  if 
an  iron  car  can  be  made  strong  enough  to  cut 
through  any  wooden  car  in  a  collision,  and  to 
keep  its  shape  even  when  thrown  from  the 
track,  it  will  last  practically  forever,  that  is,  of 
course,  excepting  the  necessary  renewal  of  wear- 
ing parts.  By  their  improved  construction 
platform  cars  can  be  built  for  $500,  and  they 
will  make  contracts  at  these  figures.  The  im- 
proved car  uses,  however,  a  patent  semi-elliptic 
spring,  costing  about  $50,  which  would  make 
the  two  cost  just  the  same  as  if  built  on  the  old 

One  novelty  in  construction  is  the  entire 
absence  of  any  truss  rods  under  the  frame,  all 
the  iron  that  would  have  been  used  in  them 
being  added  in  the  form  of  two  additional  lon- 
gitudinal sills.  The  truss  rods  were  good  enough 
in  resisting  dead  weight,  but,  in  case  of  accident, 
the  frame  would  buckle  sideways  or  upward 
and  the  rods  gave  not  a  bit  of  resistance.  As 
now  built,  the  frame  has  six  sills  of  channel 
iron,  giving  great  stiffness  in  all  directions, 
while  at  the  same  time,  making  the  weight  of 
iron  used  the  minimum.  Every  piece  is  riveted 
in  its  place  and  no  dependence  is  placed  on  bolts 
and  nuts.  A  large  factor  of  safety,  seven,  is 
allowed  in  estimates  of  strength  of  the  trucks, 
while  five  is  the  factor  of  the  box  frame.  In  a 
,  form  of  coal  car  now  being  manufactured,  every 
part  is  iron  or  steel,  even  to  the  floor,  sides  and 
cross-bars  on  the  brakes.  This  iron  fioor  of 
riveted  plates  adds  largely  to  the  strength,  but 
no  allowance  is  made  for  that  in  the  estimates. 
The  inventors  make  a  point  of  the  arrangement 
of  the  swing  motion  and  springs,  a  special 
patent  covering  that  construction.  The  arrange- 
ment is  such  that  the  springs  cannot  be  over- 
loaded, as  after  dropping  to  a  certain  point,  or 
in  case  of  breakage,  the  weight  is  taken  up  by 
the  bearings  and  the  springs  entirely  relieved. 
In  going  around  curves  the  body  swings  in  a 
sort  of  parallel  motion  from  the  spring  hangings 
and  settles  easily  back  on  the  bearings  when 
the  curve  is  passed.  In  every  part  of  the  work 
rolled  iron  of  the  form  best  adapted  to  meet  the 
peculiar  strains  of  the  situation  are  used,  aud 
the  result  is  a  car  weighing  but  eight  tons  that 
will  carry  20  as  easily  as  the  old  wooded  cars 
can  get  along  with  12. 

We  clip  the  above  from  the  Buffalo  Courier. 
In  regard  to  the  wear  of  iron  cars  heretofore 
and  the  prejudice  which  exists  against  them,  a 
correspondent  of  the  Railroad  Gazette  says: 
Some  20  years  ago  the  New  York  Central  & 
Hudson  River  Railroad  Company  added  to  their 
rolling  stock  500  iron  box  cars,  the  floor  framing 
being  of  six  sills  of  riveted  channels,  and  the 
box  of  2  x2  x  £  angle  irons,  covered  with  iron  1-10 
of  an  inch  thick.  The  bodies  were  all  iron,  ex- 
cepting the  floor  and  a  lining  some  three  feet 
high.  These  cars,  after  20  years'  use,  are  to  be 
found  upon  the  main  line  and  its  connections, 
in  apparently  as  good  condition  as  when  new. 
Occasionally  there  is  one  with  a  small  patch  in 
the  side  where  the  iron  has  rusted  through. 
Notwithstanding  this  good  service,  a  number  of 
minor  officials  and  employees  of  this  road  persist 
in  condemning  iron  cars  in  general,  and  invari- 
ably say:  "Our  company  built  500  of  them  20 
years  ago,  and  have  not  built  any  since  ;  there- 
fore they  are  good  for  nothing."  Now  let  us 
ask  the  reason  thereof. 

If  these  cars,  built  at  a  date  when  the  knowl- 
edge of  iron  construction  was  in  its  infancy, 
will  pass  through  20  years  of  service  unharmed, 
is  it  not  safe  to  conclude  that,  with  the  im- 
proved shapes  of  iron  at  command,  together 
with  the  experience  developed  by  the  greatly 
increased  use  of  iron  in  bridges,  buildings,  etc., 
where  it  is  superseding  wood  daily,  that  a  car 
possessing  the  essential  requirements  of  good 
rolling  stock,  viz.,  lightness,  strength  and  dura- 
bility, with  easy  access  to  wearing  parts,  and 
lastly,  and  probably  one  of  the  most  important 
qualities,  cheapness  of  manufacture,  may  be 
produced  ?  Possibly  the  true  reason  for  this 
animosity  to  iron  cars  in  general  by  these  gen- 
tlemen is  that,  as  a  class,  they  are  men  unskilled 
in  the  construction  of  iron,  their  experience 
being  confined  to  wood,  and  that  it  is  but  nat- 
ural they  should  give  preference  to  a  form  of 
building  with  which  they  are  familiar,  and  con- 
demn any  innovation  in   their  branch  of  work 


that  would  necessitate  either  their  learning  what 
would  lxj  comparatively  a  new  profession,  or 
being  superseded  by  men  who  possess  such 
knowledge. 

Composite  Ships. 

Notwithstanding  that  the  mixed  construction 
of  vessels  has  been  tested  and  found  wanting  in 
tho  elements  of  strength  and  durability,  both 
by  the  government  and  by  individual  ship- 
owners, still  there  are  those  who  adhere  to  its 
fortonea,  and  advocate  the  adoption  of  this  type 
of  construction  as  adapted  to  tho  general  want. 
There  art-  four  prominent  objections  bo  composite: 
vessels:  1st.  Wood  aud  iron  do  not  work  well 
together,  unless  the  iron  is  galvanized,  and  this 
would  make  the  vessel  too  costly  for  general 
service.  2d.  The  frame  should  be  stronger  than 
the  planking.  There  is  so  much  of  common 
.sense  in  this  to  a  practical  mind,  that  we  need 
not  pause  to  discuss  the  question.  This  required 
strength  can  only  be  obtained  by  increasing  the 
number  of  frames  in  the  vessel,  or  making  them 
much  larger,  and  indeed  both  are  a  necessity. 
3d.  The  security  of  the  butts  of  the  planking 
is  insufficient,  especially  at  the  wood  ends, 
where  a  nut  cannot  be  put  on  the  end  of  the 
screw  bolt  in  the  vicinity  of  the  deadwood. 
This  leaves  the  wood  ends  insecurely  fastened. 
The  butts  elsewhere  also  have  no  Bolidity  of 
fastening.  The  plate  extending  from  frame  to 
frame  to  receive  the  butt  is  a  sham  at  best. 
The  frames  should  be  sufficiently  near  each 
other  to  become  tho  recipients  of  a  scarph  nib 
on  each  frame,  and  the  planking  should  be 
searphoxl  flatwise,  or,  in  the  thickness  of  the 
plank;  in  a  4-inch  plank,  the  inside  nib  may  be 
It  inches,  and  the  outside  nib,  2k  inches;  the 
inner  nib  should  be  tight,  aud  the  outer  one 
calked,  showing  only  one  butt,  the  scarph  ex- 
tending across  both  frames,  and  receiving  fasten- 
ing through  both  frames.  The  fourth  objec- 
tion is  in  the  small  fastenings,  the  bolts  are  too 
small  to  hold  the  planking  solid  for  calking. 
The  points  of  the  bolts  do  not  fill  the  holes  in 
the  frames,  and  cannot  be  made  to  fit  unless  the 
points  are  of  reduced  size,  and  then  they  would 
be  of  insufficient  strength.  The  calking  of  com- 
posite vessels  is  of  the  boat  calking  type,  mere 
chintziug  compared  to  the  solid  calking  of  a 
wooden  vessel.  In  the  very  nature  of  the  ma- 
terials it  is  quite  impossible  to  have  drift  suffi- 
cient to  make  the  fastening  tight  in  the  wooden 
plank  and  loose  in  the  iron  frame,  and  yet  have 
solid  work.  When  composite  vessels  are  built, 
the  planking  should  be  sufficiently  thick  to  re- 
ceive edge  bolting  between  alternate  frames. 
As  a  general  rule,  however,  ship-owners  have 
been  more  anxious  to  show  that  the  composite 
is  the  cheaper  than  that  they  are  the  better 
vessel.  Ship-owners,  as  well  as  underwriters, 
will  learn  by  experience,  if  in  no  other  way, 
that  the   hest   ship  is  the  cheapest. — The  Am- 

•a  /run  Ship. 

The  Great  Government  Testing  Machine. 

The  great  testing  machine  designed  by  Mr. 
Albert  Emery,  for  the  United  States  Commis- 
sioners for  testing  iron  and  steel,  which  has 
been  iu  process  of  construction  for  three  years 
past  at  the  Watertown  (Mass.)  Arsenal,  is  now 
completed.  Some  experimental  tests  made  with 
it  iu  the  presence  of  the  Commissioners  are 
thus  described  by*  the  Boston  Traveler: 

The  merit  of  this  new  testing  machine  lies  in 
its  great  power  united  with  its  mathematical 
accuracy.  In  illustration  of  this,  a  few  of  the 
interesting  results  it  has  reached  in  the  course 
of  the  recent  experiments  may  be  cited.  A  five 
inch  bar  of  iron  was  pulled  apart,  and  the  strain 
registered  in  doing  it  was  772,000  pounds.  To 
attest  its  minute  exactness,  a  horse  hair  was 
next  submitted  to  the  strain,  and  it  yielded  to  a 
registered  force  of  two  pounds.  Again,  a  pine 
blocks  of  four  inches  thickness  and  two  feet  in 
length  was  taken  and  pressed  into  a  board  of 
two  inches  thickness.  Then,  to  again  ascertain 
refinement  of  accuracy,  a  hen's  egg  was  taken 
and  inclosed  in  plaster  of  Paris,  with  two  small 
holeB  in  each  end,  and,  the  pressure  being  ap- 
plied, the  contents  were  forced  out  of  these 
apertures  at  a  strain  of  25  pounds,  and  such  is 
the  command  over  the  action  of  the  machine 
that  the  pressure  was  stopped  in  an  instant, 
and  the  yolk  ceased  to  be  expelled,  the  shell  of 
the  egg  remaining  unbroken.  A  nut  was  also 
cracked  by  the  machine  without  crushing  the 
kernel.  No  such  nicety  of  regulated  pressure, 
combiued  with  such  an  enormous  range  of 
power  and  absolutely  exact  registration  of  the 
strain  exerted,  has  ever  before  been  attained. 

Progress  of  Steam  Engine  Economy.— 
With  Smeaton's  early  Newcomen  engines  the 
consumption  of  coal  was  29.76  lbs.  per  hour  per 
horse  power.  Afterwards,  as  improved,  17.6 
lbs.  In  1811  the  Cornish  pumping  engine  re- 
quired 10.87  lbs.  per  hour  per  horse  power;  in 
1842  the  improvements  had  reduced  it  to  2.90 
lbs.  In  1863  the  best  marine  engines  consumed 
4  lbs.  of  coal  per  hour  per  horse  power,  but  in 
lS72only2.11  lbs.  were  required. 

The  most  fatal  disease  that  threatens  the  vi- 
tality of  many  of  our  oldest  and  largest  machine 
establishments  is  Comer vatism.  When  a  con- 
cern settles  down  to  running  on  its  accumulated 
reputation,  without  an  effort  to  improve  its  pat- 
terns, processes  or  style  of  work,  the  disease 
will  surely  enfeeble  it,  while  its  enterprising 
rivals  push  ahead,  until  the  crisis  approaches 
and  it  is  forced  to  cry,  "help  me,  Cassius,  or  I 
;  sink," — American  Machinist. 


£8 


^  CIENTIFIC       C  ROGRESS, 


The  Origin  of  Comets. 

In  the  exposition  of  his  theory  of  the  develop- 
ment of  tho  solar  system,  Kant  supposes  the 
comets  to  be  formed  from  the  matter  of  the  con- 
densing solar  nebula.  By  him  they  were  re- 
garded as  planets,  which,  in  some  way,  had  been 
thrown  out  of  their  normally  circular  orbits. 
Laplace,  on  the  other  hand,  in  his  exposition  of 
the  nebular  hypothesis,  took  the  ground  that 
comets  were  formed  from  the  matter  which  is 
scattered  through  the  stellar  spaces,  and  that  iu 
their  origin  they  have  no  relation  with  the  solar 
nebula.  Have  we,  in  the  accumulation  of  facts 
since  the  days  of  Kant  and  Laplace,  learned 
anything  that  may  help  us  to  decide  between 
these  theories  ?  Such  is  the  inquiry  proposed 
by  Prof.  H.  A.  Newton,  who  in  a  recent  number 
of  the  American  Journal  of  Science,  and  Arts, 
considers :  First,  what  peculiarities  each  of 
them  requires  in  the  shape  and  distribution  of 
the  cometic  orbits;  and,  second,  compares  with 
the  theories  the  facts  that  have  been  observed 
with  regard  to  the  paths  of  247  comets.  The 
cometic  paths  are  represented  by  the  writer  in 
two  graphic  curves,  and  when  the  results  of 
actual  observations  are  put  into  the  Bame  form, 
it  13  at  Hrst  found  that  the  curve  thus  obtained 
differs  from  both  the  theoretical  ones.  How- 
ever, as  the  known  comets  all  have  their  peri- 
helion (that  part  of  their  orbit  nearest  the  sun) 
within  the  orbit  of  Mars,  and  are  exposed  to 
planetary  disturbances,  the  author  calculates 
the  inHuence  of  these  disturbances,  and  arrives 
at  the  conclusion  that  the  curve  corresponding 
to  the  actual  cometary  paths  is  thus  brought 
into  good  agreement  with  the  theoretical  curve 
deduced  from  Laplace's  hypothesis,  whereas  it 
does  not  agree  so  well  with  that  deduced  from 
Kant's.  It  would  seem,  then,  that  the  origin 
of  comets  must  be  placed  in  interstellar  space. — 
Scleniijlc  American. 

The  Law  of  the  Telephone. — M.  Hermann, 
has  adduced  certain  experiments  to  show  that 
du  Bois  Reymond's  theory  that  the  action  of  the 
telephone  can  be  explained  from  the  general 
law  of  induction  in  which  the  bending  of  the 
iron  plate  is  taken  into  account,  and  the  induc- 
tion of  the  current  path  upon  itself  is  neglected, 
does  not  explain  the  facts  observed.  Prof.  H. 
F.  Weber  has  written  a  paper  in  which  he 
showed  that  Hermann's  experiments  agreed  en- 
tirely with  the  theoretical  laws  of  induction, 
and  that  Reyraond  was  wrong  in  neglect- 
ing the  induction  of  the  current  path  upon 
itself,  which  last  was  really  the  principal  agent 
in  producing  the  agreement  between  theory  and 
practice.  Ten  days  later  Helmholtz  presented 
a  paper  to  the  Berlin  Academy  which  covered  the 
sameground  as  Prof.  Weber's  paper.  The  general 
results  of  these  papers  are  as  follows:  (1.)  "In 
the  telephonic  circuit  the  tone  is  in  general  al- 
tered." (2.)  "The  phase-displacement  that  oc- 
curs during  the  telphonic  transit  is  not  a  con- 
stant quantity,  its  amount  changes  with  the 
constitution  of  the-path  of  the  current,  and  de- 
pends on  the  number  of  vibrations."  (3.)  "In 
certain  cases,  however,  the  amplitude  of  the  in- 
duced current  becomes  independent  of  the  vi- 
bration number,  and  thus  the  tone  of  the  excit- 
ing sound  is  unchanged." 


A  Toadstool  with  the  Odor  of  Chlo- 
rine.— A  writer  in  the  December  number  of  the 
Bulletin  of  the  Torrey  Club  records  his  discov- 
ery of  a  toadstool,  which  was  exhaling  a  strong 
odor  of  chlorine  when  found,  and  which  has 
been  described  as  a  new  species  by  Mr.  C.  H. 
Peck,  under  the  name  of  Agaricus  chlorinosmus. 
The  writer  states  that  "there  could  be  no  doubt 
that  the  plant  was  exhaling  chlorine,  since  there 
is  no  other  substance  known  having  the  same, 
or  even  a  remotely  similar  odor."  From  this 
he  draws  the  inference  that  the  "chlorine  was 
taken  up  from  the  soil  by  the  plant,  in  the  form 
of  a  chloride,  most  probably  the  chloride  of  am- 
monium, or  possibly  of  sodium. "  As  a  comment 
on  this,  the  editor  of  the  Bulletin  calls  attention 
to  the  fact  that  the  Californian  escJischoltzia  is 
well  known  to  have  a  colorless  juice  but  with 
the  odor  of  hydrochloric  acid;  yet  this  juice, 
on  being  tested,  has  been  found  to  give  not 
even  a  trace  of  chlorine,  and  "perhaps  the  same 
result  will  appear  in  the  case  of  the  newagaris." 
The  odors  of  different  fungi,  like  those  of  flow- 
ering plants,  are  almost  as  numerous  and  varied 
as  the  species  themselves. — Scientific  American. 


The  Br/BBLE  in  Spirit- Levels. — In  a  recent 
part  of  the  Comptus  Rendus  it  is  recorded  that 
M.  Plantamour  made  some  observations  upon 
the  displacement  of  the  bubble  in  spirit-levels, 
and  found  that  there  was  a  daily  maximum  dur- 
ing the  afternoon,  accompanied  by  gradual 
changes,  which  extended  over  a  period  of  sev- 
eral successive  days.  In  confirmation  of  his 
observations,  M.  d'Abbadie  reported  his  own 
experience  at  Olinda,  Brazil,  in  1837;  at  Gon- 
dar,  Ethiopia,  in  1842;  and  subsequently,  at 
Saqa.  At  each  of  these  places  the  bubbles  of 
the  levels  showed  small  variations  in  the  direc- 
tion of  the  plumb-line.  Astronomers  have 
doubtless  suffered  from  these  changes,  without 
being  aware  of  their  cause,  and  have  been 
obliged  to  mask  them  by  taking  the  means  of 
frequent  observations. 


Poplar  Trees  as  Lightning  Conductors. — 
Observation  has  induced  a  very  popular  belief 
in  Europe  and  throughout  the  northern  Atlantic 
States,  where  poplar  trees  are  cultivated,  that 
lightning  strikes  these  trees  in  preference  to  all 
others.  Prof.  Asa  Gray,  in  a  note  to  the  Am- 
erican Agriculturist,  says  that  the  reason  which 
lies  at  the  bottom  of  this  wide-spread  opinion  is 
coming  to  light.  Green  herbage,  and  green 
wood — sappy  wood — are  excellent  conductors  of 
electricity.  A  tree  is  shattered  by  lightning 
only  when  the  discharge  reaches  the  naked 
trunk  or  naked  branches,  which  are  poorer  con- 
ductors. An  old-fashioned  Lombardy  poplar, 
by  its  hight,  by  its  complete  covering  of  twigs 
and  small  branches,  and  their  foliage  down 
almost  to  the  ground,  and  by  its  sappy  wood, 
makes  a  capital  lightning-rod,  and  a  cheap  one. 
Happily  no  one  can  patent  it  and  bring  it  round 
in  a  wagon  and  insist  upon  trying  it.  To  make 
it  surer,  the  treo  should  stand  in  a  moist  ground 
or  near  water,  for  wet  ground  is  a  good  con- 
ductor, and  dry  soil  a  poor  one.  It  is  recom- 
mended to  plant  a  Lombardy  poplar  near  the 
house,  and  another  close  to  the  barn.  If  the 
ground  is  dry,  the  nearer  the  well  the  better, 
except  for  the  nuisance  of  the  roots  that  will 
get  into  it. 

The  Planet  Mars. — Prof.  Lockyer  is  of  the 
opinion  that  human  life  on  the  planet  Mars 
may  be  very  much  like  human  life  on  the  earth. 
The  light  cannot  be  so  bright,  but  the  organs  of 
sight  may  be  so  much  more  susceptible  as  to 
make  the  vision  quite  as  good.  The  heat  is 
probably  less,  as  the  polar  snows  certainly  ex- 
tend further,  but  by  no  means  less  iu  propor- 
tion to  the  lessened  power  of  the  solar  rays.  The 
professor  agrees  with  others  that  several  remark- 
able seas — including  inland  seas,  some  of  them 
connected  and  some  not  connected  by  straits 
with  still  larger  seas — are  now  definable  in  the 
southern  hemisphere,  in  which,  as  in  the  case 
also  with  the  earth,  water  seem3  to  be  much 
more  widely  spread  than  in  the  northern  hemis- 
phere. There  is,  for  example,  a  southern  sea 
exceedingly  like  the  Baltic  in  shape;  and  there 
is  another  and  still  more  remarkable  sea,  now 
defined  by  the  observation  of  many  astronomers 
— one  near  the  equator,  a  long  straggling  arm, 
twisting  almost  in  the  shape  of  an  S  laid  on  its 
back,  from  east  to  west,  at  least  1,000  miles  in 
length,  and  100  miles  in  breadth. 


A  New  Chemical —  Silictd-reted  Hydro- 
gen.— We  have  received  from  Dr.  Theodor 
Schuchardt,  of  Goerlitz,  a  specimen  of  a  new 
body  which  he  calls  silicium  strontium.  It  is 
formed  from  the  preparation  of  metallic  stron- 
tium by  electrolysis,  but  no  particulars  are 
given  as  to  the  substances  present  or  the  reac- 
tion by  which  it  is  formed.  As  received  from 
Dr.  Schuchardt,  the  compound  is  a  gray  powder 
with  a  slight  odor  resembling  phosphureted 
hydrogen.  When  mixed  with  diluted  hydro- 
chloric acid,  a  rapid  evolution  of  the  spontane- 
ously inflammable  siliciureted  hydrogen  takes 
place.  No  particulars  as  to  price  are  mentioned, 
but,  if  obtainable  in  any  quantity,  this  com- 
pound will  probably  be  the  readiest  source  of 
siliciureted  hydrogen.  — Chemical  News. 


Solids  in  Solution. — There  is  something 
quite  remarkable  in  regard  to  solids  in  solu- 
tion. When  in  solution  they  assume  the  me- 
chanical properties  of  liquids.  The  entire  mass 
of  the  solution  is  in  the  liquid  state,  and,  to  all 
appearance,  the  molecules  of  the  dissolved  solid 
are  as  truly  in  the  liquid  condition  as  those  of 
the  solvent.  Yet  the  molecules  of  the  solid 
have  not  suffered  any  change  of  chemical  com- 
position. The  natural  inference  then  is,  that 
they  have  experienced  a  change  of  mechanical 
condition.  Something,  perhaps,  similar  to  the 
allotropic  conditions  of  sulphur,  phosperous,  etc. 
The  alternative  supposition  is  that  the  physical 
molecules  of  the  solid  are  more  complex  than 
the  chemical  molecules,  and  in  the  process  of 
solution  are  broken  up  into  others  less  complex, 
■which,  in  their  association,  have  the  mechani- 
cal properties  of  a  liquid. 

Atmospheric  Vapor. — It  is  maintained  by 
Dr.  J.  M.  Anders  that  a  large  proportion  of  the 
vapor  of  the  atmosphere  may  be  accounted  for 
through  the  process  of  transposition  from  plant 
life,  where  there  is  about  from  25%  to  30%  of 
woodland  in  the  country,  and  on  this  ground, 
considers  that  the  practice  of  forest  culture 
should  be  highly  commended  as  a  means  of  im- 
proving atmospheric  conditions. 


The  Telectroscope  is  the  name  proposed  for 
a  new  apparatus  designed  by  M.  Senlecq,  and 
which  we  are  informed  by  Nature,  is  designed 
to  reproduce,  telegraphically,  at  a  distance,  the 
images  obtained,  in  the  camera  obscura.  In 
this  device  the  inventor  has  utilized  the  lately- 
observed  sensitiveness  of  selenium  to  various 
shades  of  light. 


Gas  and  Water  Pipes  as  a  Source  of  Elec- 
tricity.— Mr.  C.  O.  Gregory,  in  a  communica- 
tion in  the  English  Mechanic,  states  that  he  has 
successfully  used  the  gas  and  water  pipes  in  his 
dwelling  as  a  source  of  electricity  for  a  micro- 
phone. He  connects  one  of  his  microphone 
wires  with  the  gas  pipe,  the  other  with  the 
water  pipe,  and  finds  the  current  ample,  and,  of 
course,  constant. 


164 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[March  15,  1879. 


Table  of  Highest  and  Lowest  Sales  in 
S.  F.  Stock  Exchange. 


Name  of 

Company. 


Alpha 

Alta 

Andes 

Alps 

Argenta 

Atlantic 

Aurora  Tunnel... 
Baltimore  Con... 

Belcher 

Belmont 

Best  &  Belcher... 

Bullion 

Bechtel 

Belle  Isle 

Bodie 

Benton 

Bulwer 

Boyle 

Black  Hawk 

Belviclere 

Booker 

Caledonia 

California 

Challenge 

Chollar-Potosi.... 

Comanche 

Confidence 

Con  Imperial..  .. 

Con  Virginia 

Crown  Point 

Con  Washoe 

Champion 

Concordia 

Dayton 

DeFree3 

Daney. 

Day 

Eureka  Con 

Exchequer 

Endowment 

Gen  Thomas 

Grand  Prize 

Gila 

Golden  Chariot. . . 

Golden  Terra. 

Goodshaw 

6kmld&Curry.... 
Hale  &  Norcross.. 

Hillside 

Highbridge 

Homestake 


Independence . , 

Julia 

Justice 

Jackson 

Joe  Scatea 

KKCon , 

Kentuck 

Kossuth 

Keystone 

Lady  Bryan 

Lady  Wash 

Leopard... 

Leviathan 


Lee 

May  Belle 

Modoc 

Manhattan 

Martin  White 

McClinton 

Meadow  Valley 

Mexican 

Mides 

Morning  Star 

North  Con  Virginia 

New  York 

Northern  Belle 

New  Coso 

Navajo 

Occidental 

Ophir 

Oriental 

Overman 

Panther 

Fhenix 

Phil  Sheridan 

Prospect 

Raymond  &  Ely 

Richer 

Rock  Island., 

Rye  Patch 

Rough  &  Ready 

Savage 


Sierra  Nevada 

Silver  Hill 

Silver  King 

Silver  Prize  

Succor 

Summit 

Scorpion 

Solid  Silver 

South  Bodie 

South  Standard.. 

Star 

St.  Louis 

Syndicate 

Tioga  Con 

Tiptop 

Trojan , 

Union  Con .... 

Utah 

Vermont  Con 

Ward 

Wells-Fargo 

Woodville 

White  Cloud 

Yellow  Jacket. .-. 


Week  Week  Week  Week 
Ending  fcinliiiK  Ending  End  ins 
Feb.  30.  Feb.  27.  liar.   6.  Mar.  13. 


161 


1.05 
1.40 
45c 
3.10 

n 

3.95 


49}  4S 

17*  154 

.35  1.05 

n  n 


10 
50c 

132 
174 
2.65 

aoc 


10c 
1 

3.90 
5i 
6 


40J  384 


15| 

25 
49 
2.70 

9^ 

i' 

2.65 


1.40 

20c 


I  22A  201 


60c 

m 
m 

2.60 


1.95 
1.70 


10c 
2.90 


391 


13; 

27 
57 

21 
10 
10c 
60c 

3i 
1.70 
60c 
30c 


2.05 
15c 

25c 


20   171 
5S 
50c 


65 

50c  45c 
20 

6J 

85c  50c 

35c  30c 

7  6 

44  3.90 

191  171 


141 
1.15 


53 
4.40 


1.35 

4.r 


15c 

1.90 

53 

4.30 


5g   41 


131  Hi 

4si 

21  : 

81 


17   131 


1.55  1.20 
20c 

25c 


193  18 

51   5 
50c  40c 


1 
191 

6 
75c 

35c 

61 

4.20 

18 


21 

65c 

1 

3.20 

6 
3* 


151 

1.40 


35c  30c 

28  271 

51  4| 

5c  .... 


51  4.55 


1.30  1.10 

1.20  1.10 

80c  75c 

35c  25c 

70c  .... 


25c 
10c 
1.60 


40c  35c 
75c  65c 


14  11 

27  25 

47  443 

2.20  1.90 


1|  1.55 

65c  :>5c 

25c  20c 

761  66 

18  131 


1?  1.40 
15c   5c 


20   16J 


Sales  at  S.  F.  Stock  Exchange. 


Friday  A.  M.,  Mar.  7, 

200  Andes 40c 

220  Alta 

10  Alpha 

.140  Beat  St  Belcher. ..is@i75 

750  Bullion 54 

490  Belcher 6S06s 

390  Benton 8„.I 

1265  California 5805A 

250  CrownPoint...'4.70@4'80" 

2605  Cou  Imperial 1.05@1 

250  Caledonia 2.70 

150  Confidence 13@i34-l 

115  Challenge 2J02.65 

65  Chollar 39AO40 

895  'Jon  Virginia "' 

180  Dardanelles 

215  Exchequer 4? 

600  Flowery ""* 

755  GouldS.  Curry... 

305  Hale  &Nor 

400  Justice 4.10O4 

2280  Julia 5S058 

30  Kentuck ^43 

160  Lady  Bryan 1.20 

110  Lady  Wash 1.10 

700  Leviathau 30c 

665  Mexican 36J@371 

200  North  Con  Vir.,. 104O103 

990  N  Bonanza ...  li 

360  New  York 50@15c 

90  Overman 114011f 

500  Ophir 35@35 

330  Sierra  Nevada 45@44 

590  Savage 1 1 0 1 1 

100  SPotosi 2  05 

940  Silver  Hill 2.10@2 

650  Solid  Silver 50c 

600  Succor 45C 

245  Scorpion 1.400)11 

250  Trojan 25@20c 

100  Utah 133013J 

135  Union  Con 66066* 

100  Wells-Fargo 15c 

1550  Ward H@1.40 

430  Yellow  Jacket..  ..If"™ 


AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

610  Argenta 1.15@1.10 

400  Albion 40@35c 

200  Belmont 45c 

910  Bechtel 70@65c 

65  Bodie 6@6i 

100  Belvidere 60c 

70  Bulwer. 165 

300  Black  Hawk 1.65 

100  Belle  Isle 35c 

100  Booker 70c 

250  Champion 20c 

120  C  Pacific ll 

100  Caledonia  (B  H) 2.20 

100  Chieftain 15c 

100  Dudley 90c 

100  Day 3flc 

40  Eureka  Con 28 

300  Esmeralda 1 

50  Endowment 5c 

125  Goodshaw 45c 

160  Grand  Prize 4  55 

15  Golden  Terra 9 

100  Gkmt&O  A 41 

100  Hillside 2i@2  60 

450  Highbridge 60c 

380  Independence  ...1.70@1£ 

50  Jackson § 

270  McClinton 75080c 

100  MWhite ..  63 

100  Miuuietta  Belle 25c 

330  Mono 21 

30  Manhattan lj 

400  Navajo 30o 

500  Oriental I0c 

450  Paradise lg@1.80 

10  Raymond  &  Ely 6J 

50  Real  del  Monte 2 

1200  Star 50@60c 

65  Silver  King 8 

100  SBodie 25c 

735  Summit 2J@2.40 

750  S  Bulwer 80075c 

175  Tiptop 55c 

3025  Tuscarora 5@10c 

150  Tioga  Con i.60 


Saturday  A.  M„  Mar.  8. 

25  Alpha 18 

270  Alta, 5mH 

45  Andes 40c 

260  Argenta 1.15 

110  Best  &  Belcher.  .18S@18? 

690  Belcher 68@6[ 

925  Bulliou 5J(#5i 

340  Booker 60c 

610  Bodie 

370  Benton. 4.20@4.05 

330  Bulwer 15@151 

100  Belvidere 60c 

150  Bechtel 60c 

100  Belmont 40c 

100  Belle  Isle 35c 

330  Black  Hawk... 1.60(^1.70 

300  Con  Esmeralda : 

640  Con  Virginia 5; 

460  California 5g@5| 

140  Confidence 13-.. 

260  Chollar 40i@41 

240  Crown  Point... 4. 80@4. 90 

2455  Con  Imperial 1.05(81 

100  Champion 25c 

350  Challenge 23 

520  Caledonia 2.80O2.90 

80  CPacific 1.70@i; 

1400  Caledonia.  (B  H)..2.10@: 

365  Dardanelles 2.10 

250  Dudley 

190  Exchequer 

205  Eureka  Con 271@273 

325  Flowery 80c 

915  Gould  &Curry 9g@9S 

80  Grand  Prize 4.55 

500  Goodshaw 25@40e 

50  Golden  Terra 50c 

325  H&Norcross... .14£014[ 

5^0  Highbridge 60@55i 

45  Hillside 2[ 

100  Independence 1.60 

370  Justice 4. 1004.20 

1175  Julia " 

100  Jackson 

5  Kentuck 

100  Kossuth 15c 

300  Leviathan 25c 

860  L  Bryan 1.20@1.30 

5U  Lady  Wash 1.1c 

575  Mexican 40O39* 

2U0  Mackey 3.70 

65  MWhite 7 

50  Manhattan 11 

220  Mono 2. 20O2.10 

250  McClinton 75c 

500  New  York 25c 

220  Navajo 25<g30c 

160  N  Con  Virginia. .  .13@12£ 

1325  N  Bonanza. li@1.4i 

500  Northern  Belle 93 

340  Ophir 363037 

125  Overman 12@12} 

55  Phil  Sheridan 35t 

650  Paradise 1.80@2.8i 

525  Raymond  &  E 61(tH> 

1056  Savage HJOllg 

S50  Succor 5U045e 

150  Sierra  Nevada.... 46J@47 

280  Silver  Hill 2.10 

350  Solid  Silver 50c 

1660  Star 50c 

750  Scorpion If 

100  SPetosi 2.05 

100  S  Bulwer 75c 

100  South  Bodie 25c 

450  Summit 2\ 

100  Silver  King ffl_ 

25  Tuscarora 10c 

615  Tiptop 50@55c 

150  Tioga 1.60@H 

440  Union  Cou 75@72 

230  Utah 14@14l 

1295  Ward 1.7U@1» 

200  Wells-Fargo 15c 

590  Yellow  Jacket... 17}@174 

Hnndav  A.  .>!.,  Mar.  10. 

725  Alta 51@5i 

120  Alpha, 18@18j 

130  Best  &  Belcher. . .1940198 

I  280  Belcher 7£07J 

640  Bulliou 5J06 

510  Benton 4. 1504.05 

25  Chollar 42 

750  California 5305J 

350  Con  Virginia 5305) 

190  Crown  Point 5j 

390  Con  Imperial....  1.05@1 

410  Challenge 3 

540  Caledonia 31@3.20 

220  Confidence 14@14i 

220  Dardanelles  ...2.15(312.20 
360  Exchequer 5405g 

1150  Flowery 80085c 

265  Gould  &  Curry. .  .10J@104 

200  Hale  &  Nor 16(ri>l5| 

235  Justice 4*@4.30 

435  Julia 54@5g 

105  Kentuck 

80  Lady  Bryan lj 

885  Leviathan 25@30c 

390  Mexican 404O41 

150  Mackey 3. 8U(o)3S 

240  North  Con  Vir. .  ,1220124 

1440  N  Bonanza 1.95^1. 6r 

225  Ophir 37@36i 

160  Overman 124 

200  Phil  Sheridan 40@35c 

500  Solid  Silver 45c 

200  Savage 13g 

360  SierraNevada.....464@47 

1020  Silver  Hill..... 2.05(o;2.20 

110  SPotosi 2.05 

750  Succor 45c 

40  Seg  Belcher 25 

375  Scorpion lj@1.6G 

100  Trojan 25c 

50  Utah 173 

370  Onion  Con 75076A 

755  Ward 1.65@1? 

625  Yellow  Jacket. . .  .18@18g 

AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

150  Albion 40c 

375  Argenta 1.15@11 

800  Belmont 45050c 

200  Belle  Isle 30c 

335  Bodie 6 

250  Bechtel 70065c 

1300  Booker 80@75c 

300  Belvidere 60c 

310  Bulwer 16@15i 

1610  Black  Hawk 2<m.\l 

1200  Caledonia  (B  H)...1.90@2 

100  Con  Pacific 11 

100  Day 30c 

225  Dudley """ 

40  Eureka  Con ~37i 

75  Endowment 5c 

685  GrandPrize... .4.7004.85 

300  Gila 30c 

420  Goodshaw "Z 

40  Giant&O  A 44 

5  Golden  Terra 

150  Hamburg 

60  Hillside 24 

840  Highbridge 60055c 

25  Independence 1.60 

250  Jackson  

745  Leopard 75@80c 

180  Mono 2J@2.20 

450  McClinton 75c 

50  May  Belle 2ce 

420  Modoc 10c 

50  Northern  Belle 9g@l0 

780  Navajo 25030c 

100  Oriental 5c 

1005  Paradise 1.9502 

650  Raymond  &  Ely...64063 

200  Richer 70O7™ 

215  Standard 20 

1000  Star 50c 

120  S  Bodie 25c 

730  S  Bulwer .75080c 

220  Summit 2.40 

2025  Tuscarora 5@10c 

425  Tioga  Con 1.55@1.60 

10  Tiptop 65c 

400  University 75c 

Tuesday  A.  .11..  Mar.  II. 

13U  Alta 51@51 

110  Alpha 184(a>181 

200  AndeB 4Uc 


110  Best  4  Belcher. 183 

495  Belcher 73@71 

405  Bullion 5S(?c5f 

230  Benton 4fa;3.90 

80  California 53 

345  Caledonia 3@3.10 

1195  Con  Virginia 5g@5i 

5370  Con  Imperial.. 1.05^1. 10 

60  Chollar. 42 

325  Crown  Point 5J@5 

30  Confidence 133 

720  Challenge :...3 

1390  Dardanelles 1@11 

860  Exchequer 5 

450  Flowery. 75c 

835  Gould&Curry 9&ai0 

190  H  &  Norcross. . .  .16)C#16| 

260  Justice 41@i.20 

715  Julia 54@5| 

125  Kentuck 54@5i 

600  Lady  Bryan If 

100  Lady  Wash 1.20 

400  Leviathan 25@30c 

565  Mexican 40i(£41 

150  Mackey 3.80@3.90 

350  New  York 40@50c 

300  North  Con  Vir.. . .  Hl@il 

625  N  Bonanza 1J@1.80 

155  Ophir 361 

20  Overman 12J 

400  Phil  Sheridan  . . .  .35@40c 

100  SPotosi 2.05 

565  Sierra  Nevada. . .  .46(^464 

440  Savage 13g(cci3f 

660  Silver  Hill 2@2.05 

700  Succor 45(£40c 

600  Solid  Silver 45c 

405  Scorpion 11 

300  Trojan 25@20c 

205  Utah 18 

400  Union  Con 75@74 

100  Wells-Fargo 5c 

600  Ward 1-65 

360  Yellow  Jacket. .  .lS3.(fclSi 

AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

100  Argenta. U@1.15 

100  Albion 40c 

920  Booker 80c@l 

155  Bodie 5|@51 

250  Bechtel 70(s65c 

150  Belvidere 60@55c 

245  Bulwer 17K*18 

850  Belmont 70(g£0c 

665  Black  Hawk 2l@2i 

50  CPacific 1.70 

200  Caledonia  (B  H) 2 

200  Day 30c 

900  Dudley 60@75c 

70  Eureka  Con 28 

325  Giant  &  O  A 4J 

300  Goodshaw 55c 

400  Grand  Prize 5@5f 

200  Gila 30c 

295  Hussey 15c 

500  Hillside 24 

375  Hamburg 50@60c 

500  Highbridge 60c 

50  Independence 1.60 

350  Jackson 8 

1970  Leopard 75@80c 

50  Miunietta  Bell 25c 

305  Mono 21(32.10 

400  McClinton 75c 

200  Modoc 10c 

300  MWhite 6J 

270  Northern  Belle...  .9g@10 

160  Navajo 25c 

2000  Oriental 5c 

185  Paradise 1.90@li 

300  Raymond  &  Ely 6j 

100  Richer 65c 

200  Star 50c 

100  S  Bodie 30c 

275  Silver  King 81 

550  Summit 2@2.l0 

720  S  Bulwer 75@80c 

1025  Tuscarora 5(*10c 

100  Tiptop 65c 

1125  Tioga  Con 1.60@13 

900  University 75@65c 

Weil'suay  A.M.,Mnr.  12. 

315  Andes 50@40c 

230  Alpha 19 

290  Alta 51@5g 

100  B&  Belcher. 191@19l 

575  Bullion 6 

735  Belcher 7g@8 

325  Benton 4@3.95 

20  Chollar 43 

530  Con  Virginia 53@5} 

285  California 5J 

675  Crown  Point. 54@5J 

195  Caledonia 3 

4115  Con  Imperial..  1.20@1. 15 

10  Confidence 14J 

1120  Challenge 3@3.10 

2250  Dardanelles l(«li 

450  Exchequer.. 51 

200  Flowery 75@80c 

365  Gould  &  Curry. .  .104@10g 
730  Hale  &  Nor. 17<rtl6i 

60  Justice 4J@4.2u 

540  Julia 5J@5g 

50  Kossuth 15c 

800  Leviathan 35@30c 

100  Lady  Bryan li 

170  Lady  Wash 1.20 

185  Mexican 40@39J 

100  Mackey 3.80 

200  North  Con  Vir..llf@lli 

255  New  York 45@40c 

350  N  Bonanza.  ...1.80@1.70 

60  Overman 121 

480  Ophir 35J@354 

425  Phil  Sheridan 35c 

8L0  Succor 40c 

260  Savage. 14 

190  S  Nevada 463@46J 

400  Solid  Silver 45<&40c 

370  Silver  HiU 2@1.95 

100  SPotosi 2.05 

100  Trojan 20c 

60  Utah 18@17f 

400  Union 73@74 

1050  Wells-Fargo 10c 

1570  Ward 1.650H 

330  Yellow  Jacket. .  .194@19j 

AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

80  Albion 25c 

825  Argenta 1.35011 

90  Bulwer 174016J 

615  Bechtel 65075c 

270  Bodie .. . . : 53@6i 

6S5  Black  Hawk 24\ffl2g 

3055  Belmont..' 80c@l 

200  Belle  Isle 30c 

370  Booker. 90@S0c 

100  Caledonia  (B  H) 1 .  95 

550  CPacific 1.70@1J 

650  Day 30@35c 

lzX)  Dudley 75c 

30  Eureka  Con 273 

50  Esmeralda 9Uc 

165  GrandPrize 4.90@5 

525  Giant  &  O  A 43(g5 

200  Hamburg- 50c 

600  Highbridge 60c 

50  Hillside 2A 

150  Hussey 15c 

270  Independence 1 .90 

100  Jefferson 30c 

90  Jackson 8@73 

900  Leopard 75ffi«0c 

240  Leeds 70c 

250  McClinton 70060c 

45  Manhattan 1.60O14 

40  M  White 6g@63 

260  Mono 2f@2.20 

100  Modoc 10c 

100  Northern  Belle ,.104@10g 

450  Oriental 5c 

430  Paradise 1 .70 

80  Real  Del  Monte...  ,2j@2 
300  Raymond  &  Ely. .  .68061 

700  Richer ".65c 

500  SBodie 30c 

1030  Rumtnit 2@21 

950  S  Bulwer. 85@80c 

85  Silver  King 8fr 

90  Standard 20c 

800  Star 50c 


MINING  SHAREHOLDERS'  DIRECTORY. 

Compiled  every  Thursday  from  Advertisements  in  Mining  and  Scientific  Press  and  other  S.  F.  Journals. 
ASSESSMENTS-STOCKS  ON  THE  LISTS  OP  THE  BOARDS. 

Place  of  Bosinesb 


Com  pant. 
\lta  S  M  Co 
Bechtel  Con  M  Co 
Belcher  S  M  Co 
Belvidere  M  Co 
Caledonia  S  M  Co 
DeFrees  M  &  M  Co 
Dudley  M  Co 
Endowment  M  Co 
Exchequer  M  Co 
Florence  Blue  Gravel  M  Co 
Flowery  M  Co 
Gila  S  M  Co 
Gould  &  Curry  S  M  Co 
Hale  &  Norcross  S  M  Co 
Hussey  Con  G  &  S  M  Co 
Julia  Con  M  Co 
Leopard  M  Co 
Leviathan  M  Co 
Manhattan  S  M  Co 
Martin  White  M  Co 
McCrackin  Con  M  Co 
Modock  Con  M  Co 
Navajo  M  Co 
Overman  S  M  Co 
PhilSheridanG&SCo 
Resolute  T  &  M  Co 
Savage  M  Co 
SilverPrizeG&SMCo 
South  Bulwer  G  M  Co 
South  Standard  M  Co 
Yellow  Jacket  S  M  Co 


Location.     No. 

California    14 

California  1 
Nevada    17 

California  3 
Nevada  26 
Nevada     9 

California  2 
Nevada  3 
Nevada    13 

California  3 
Nevada  1 
Nevada  3 
Nevad  a  35 
Nevada  61 
Nevada  7 
Nevada  8 
Nevada  9 
Nevada  8 
Nevada  2 
Nevada  5 
Arizona     2 

California  8 
Nevada  5 
Nevada  43 
Nevada     8 

California  1 
Nevada  37 
Nevada      4 

California      2 

California  4 
Nevada    31 


50 
10 


25 


Amt.  Levied. 

1  00  Feb  20 
10    Feb  18 

t  00  Feb  7 
20  Feb  24 
Jan  31 
Mar  11 
Jan  29 
Feb  20 

1  00  Feb  26 
03  Jan  22 
50  Jan  29 
25    Jan  22 

1  00    Mar  11 

1  00  Mar  12 
15    Jan  20 

1  00  Jan  21 
50  Jan  3 
25    Mar  6 

1  00    Mar  3 

1  50  Dec  14 
50  Oct  22 
50  Feb  13 
20    Feb  4 

3  00  Jan  28 
15  Jan  21 
10    Dec  28 

1  00  Feb  17 
25  Febl 
10  Feb  27 
15    Feb  25 

1  00    Jan  15 


Dbunq's 

Mar  27 
Mar  25 
Mar  12 
Mar  29 
Mar  7 
April 
Mar  3 
Mar  31 
Mar  31 
Feb  25 

Mar  4     . 

Mar  3 
Apr  16 
Apr  16 
Feb  26 
Feb  27 
Febo 
Apr  12 
Apr8 
Jan  21 

Mar  3 
Mar  24 
Mar  12 
Mar  5 
Feb  24 
Mar  3 
Mar  11 

Mar  6 
Mar  31 
Mar  31 

Feb  19 


Apr  15 
Apr  15 
April  1 
Apr  26 
Mar  28 

May  3 

Apr  1 
Apr  21 
Apr  21 
Mar  1 5 
Mar  21 
Mar  24 

May  7 

May  8 
Mar  21 
Mar  19 
Mar  28 

May  2 
Apr  30 
Mar  22 

Apr  7 
Apr  15 
April  3 
Mar  26 
Mar  17 
Mar  31 
Mar  31 

Mar  29 
Apr  21 
Apr  21 
Mar  19 


Secretary. 
W  H  Watson 
Wm  H  Lent 
Jno  Crockett 
C  V  D  Hubbard 
W  Wegener 
T  E  Atkinson 
E  C  Maflten 
R  H  Brown 
Joseph  Gruss 
F  A  McGee 
W  W  Stetson 
Wm  W  Parish 
A  K  Durbrow 
Joel  F  Lightuer 
R  H  Brown 
A  Noel 
R  H  Brown 
F  E  Luty 
Jno  Crockett 
J  J  Scoville 
H  A  Whiting 
J  W  Pew 
R  H  Brown 
Geo  D  Edwards 
D  L  Thomas 
J  L  Fields 
E  B  Holmes 
W  H  Redington 
Wm  Stuart 
C  A  San  key 
Mercer  Otey 


302  Montgomery  s 
309  Montgomery  at 

203  Bush  st 

203  Bush  st 
414  California  st 

318  Pine  st 
309  Montgomery  st 

327  Pine  st 

418  California  st 
Merchants  Ex 

309  Montgomery  at 
328  Montgomery  st 
309  Montgomery  st 
309  Montgomery  st 
327  Pine  st 

419  California  st 

327  Pine  8t 

507  Montgomery  st 

203  Bush  st 

59  Nevada  Block 

211  Sansome  st 

310  Pine  st 

327  Pine  Bt 

414  California  st 

203  Bush  st 

240  Montgomery  st 

309  Montgomeryst 

1114  Leidesdorff  Bt 

320  Sansome  st 

331  Montgomery  at 

Gold  Hill  Nev 


OTHER  COMPANIES-NOT  ON  THE  LISTS  OP  THE  BOARDS. 


Argent  M  Co 

Aurora  T  &  M  Co 

Black  Hawk  G  M  Co 

Booker  Con  G  M  Co 

Brilliant  M  Co 

Carmelo  Bay  Coal  Co 

ConDoradoMCo 

Day  S  M  Co 

Diana  G  &  S  M  Co 

Eagle  S  M  &  M  Co 

Fairfax  M  Co 

Godfrey  Gravel  M  Co 

Hanover  Con  M  Co 

Howe  S  M  Co 

Jupiter  M  Co 

Mammoth  M  Co 

MaripopaLand  &  M  Co 

Mount  Hood  M  Co 

New  York  M  Co 

North  Star  G  M  Co 

Northern  Light  G  &  S  M  Co 

Oriental  Con  G  &  S  M  Co 

Pinal  M  &  M  Co 

Pioneer  Con  M  Co 

Queen  Bee  M  Co 

Bed  Hill  H&WCo 

Richer  M  Co 

S  F  Petroleum  Co 

Slate  Creek  G  M  Co 

Summit  M  Co 

University  G  M  Co 

Vancouver  M  Co 

Wide  Awake  Prospecting  &  M 


Nevada  4 

California  3 

California  4 

California  1 

Nevada  1 

California  2 

Nevada  1 

Nevada  3 

Nevada  3 

Nevada  12 


Nevada 

California  4 

California  2 

Nevada  1 

California  2 

California  2 

California  15 

Nevada  2 

Nevada  18 

California  1 

California  3 

California  2 

Arizona  1 

Nevada  5 

California  2 

California  1 

California  2 

California  5 

California  1 

California  7 

California  1 

Nevada  2 

Co       Ariz  6 


30  Jan  21 

20  Feb  24 

25  Dec  10 

15  Jan  29 

05  Jan  13 

25  Dec  20 

50  MarlO 

05  Feb  6 

10  Feb  12 

25  Feb  19 

15  Jan  25 

05  Jan  17 

25  Jan  30 

03  Feb  24 
10  Feb  15 
20  Feb  12 

1  00  Jan  10 

15  Feb  3 
40  Feb  IS 
50  Jan  29 
10  Jan  23 
50  Feb  18 

6  00  Feb  19 

05  Mar  6 

10  Mar  6 

05  Feb  24 

25  Mar  8 

16  Feb  6 
25  Jan  21 
05  Feb  4 
10  Marl 
15  Feb  3 

04  Febl 


Mar  3 
April  1 
Jan  11 
Mar  6 
Feb  17 
Feb  20 
Apr  12 
Mar  15 
Mar  17 
Mar  24 
Feb  28 
Feb  20 

Mar  31 
Mar  18 
Mar  19 
Feb  12 
Mar  8 
Mar  25 
Mar  5 
Mar  3 
Mar  24 
Apr  5 
Apr  12 
Apr  9 
Mar  31 
Apr  14 
Mar  11 
Mar  3 
Mar  11 
Apr  5 
Mar  8 
April  I 


Mar  25 
Apr  30 
Mar  20 
Mar  26 
Mar  21 
Mar  20 
Apr  30 
April  8 

Apr  2 
Apr  15 
Mar  20 

Apr  7 
Mar  24 
Apr  21 
Apr  16 
Apr  10 
Mar  12 
Mar  28 
Apr  15 
Mar  26 
Apr  9 
April 

May  5 
May  3 
May  5 
Apr  17 
May  5 
Mar  31 
Mar  31 
April  8 
Apr  26 
Mar  28 
Mayl 


R  H  Brown  _  327  Pine  st 

C  Van  Dyck  Hubbard        203  Bush  st 
B  S  Kellogg  306  Pine  st 

W  H  Lent  309  Montgomery  st 

Wm  A  Van  VanBokkclen         309  Cal 
John  Greif  636  Washington  st 

J  M  Buffington  309  California  st 

J  W  Pew  310  Pine  st 

J  T  McGeoghegan  31S  Pine  st 


R  H  Brown 
O  C  Miller 
J  M  Buffington 
Wm  A  Audoe 
H  B  Sand 
E  C  Masten 
A  W  Rose 
Leander  Leavitt 
W  W  Bausman 
D  L  Thomas 
D  A  Jennings 
S  F  Monroe 
Wm  R  Bentley 
Amos  Roberts 
J  M  Buffington 
Thos  A  White 
A  B  Taul 
W  H  Lent 
Wendell  Easton 
J  L  Fields 
R  N  Van  Brunt 
Wm  Letts  Oliver 
W  W  Bausman 
C  Hildebrandt 


MEETINGS  TO  BE  HELD. 


Name  of  Company. 

./Etna  M  Co 
Armand  G  &  S  M  Co 
Atlanta  M  Co 
Buckeye  G  &  S  M  Co 
Equitable  T  &  M  Co 
Maryland  Cod  G  &  S  M  Co 
Melones  Con  M  Co 
South  En dM  Co 


Location.    Secretary. 

Arizona    J  9  Benear 
California    J  L  Fields 
Utah    E  B  Jago 
California    C  A  Sankey 

Charles  J  Collins 
California    J  T  Gayson 
California    A  Noel 

Nevada    R  N  Van  Brunt 


Office  in  S.  F. 

420  Montgomery  at 

240  MontEoraery  st 

420  Montgomery  st 

331  Montgomery  st 

227  Montgomery  st 

419  California  st 

419  California  st 

318  Pine  st 


Meeting. 

Annual 

Annual 

Annual 

Annual 

Annual 

Special 

Annual 

Annual 


327  Pine  st 

426  California  Bt 

309  California  st 

327  Pine  st 

404  Montgomery  st 

309  Montgomeiy  at 

302  Montgomery  st 

309  Montg'y  st 

409  California  st 

203  Bush  st 

401  California  Bt 

419  California  at 

327  Pine  Bt 

214  Sansome  Bt 

309  California  st 

113  Leidesdorff  st 

328  Montgomery  st 

309  Montgomery  st 

22  Montgomery  Bt 

240  Montgomery  at 

318  Pine  st 

328  Montgm'y  at 

409  California  at 

232  Sutter  st 


Date 

Mar  24 

March  27 

April  5 

March  28 

Mar  21 

March  22 

March  25 

March  19 


LATEST   DIVIDENDS-WITHIN    THREE    MONTHS 


Name  of  Company. 
Bodie  G  M  Co 
California  M  Co 
Kxivlsiur  W  &  M  Co 
Eureka  Con  M  Co 
Indian  Queen  M  &  M  Co 
Standard  G  M  Co 


Location.  Secretary. 

California  W  H  Lent 

Nevada  C  P  Gordon 

California  G  P  Thurston 

Nevada  W  W  Traylor 

California  A  K  Durbrow 

California  W  Willis 


Office  in  S.  F. 

327  Pine  Bt 
23  Nevada  Block 
315  California  st 
37  Nevada  Block 
69  Nevada  Block 
309  Montgomery  st 


Amount. 
1  00 
1  00 


Jan  20 
Jan  16 
Jan  20 
Feb  20 
Dec  17 
Mar  12 


1215  Tiptop 65c  I  1525  TuBcarora 5@10c 

75  Tioga  Con lj  j    300  University 65c 

SALES  OF   LAST  WEEK   AND  THIS  COMPARED 


Thursday  A.  91. . 

155  Alta 5J@51 

80  Alpha 174@1S 

290  Andes 45@50c 

165  Best&  Belcher.. 18i(rol8J 
700  Bullion 5f 

1290  Belcher 6a@6) 

320  Benton 4.10@4t 

475  Caledonia 2j@2.7U 

1660  Con  Imperial 1@1.05 

160  Chollar 394 

250  C  Dorado 10c 

185  California ._. .  .5g 

275  Challenge 2J(o?2.6n 

235  Con  Virginia. 5£ 

ISO  Confidence 13J 

450  Crown  Point 43@4.80 

175  Dardanelles 

455  Exchequer 4.! 

250  Flowery 80@85c 

635  Gould  &  Curry 9g@9J 

405  Hale  &  Nor 14i@14j 

2J0  Justice 4.05 

1035  Julia 4.60@4.70 

505  Lady  Wash 1@1.20 

460  L  Bryan 11(»1.20 

430  Mexican 38@38A 

170  Mackey 3.65@3.70 

125  Morning  Star 3 

100  New  York 50c 

460  N  Con  Virginia.  .ll}@lli 
740  N  Bonanza. ...1.65(g>1.60 

330  Ophir 36@36j 

90  Overman liy@ll- 

590  Phil  Sheridan  .  ...30@25( 
195  SierraNevada....454@46j 

215  Savage lljCSlH 

390  Silver  HiU 2.05 

500  Succor 50@45c 

600  Solid  Silver. 50c 

100  Trojan 25c 

130  Utah ._.14 

235  Union  Con 

400  WeUa-Fargo loc 

635  Ward 1.20@U 

635  Yellow  Jacket. . .  .17@I7J 


afternoon  session. 

2025  Argenta 1 

400  Belmont 45@50c 

100  Belvidere .65c 

495  Bodie 6l 

245  Bulwer 171<? 

100  Black  Hawk ....1.65 

225  Bechtel 60c 

100  Belle  Isle 30c 

360  Booker 55@60c 

40o  Chieftain 25c 

50  CPacific 13 

450  Champion 2o@l5c 

695  Dudley 75@85c 

120  Eureka  Con 28 

300  Esmeralda 

100  Endowment 5c 

120  GrandPrize 4.70@43 

500  Goodshaw 45@50c 

200  Golden  Terra 94(g9j 

200  Hussey I5c 

f  00  Highbridge 65c 

650  Hillside 24@2.60 


.liar.  6.  Tlmrsri'y  A.  11 .,  .War.  13. 

75  Alta -.54 

400  Ande3 50@45c 

140  Alpha 19i@19J 

1195  Belcher 9@8j 

660  Bullion bl 

28  Benton 3f 

800  Brilliant 75c 

430  California 6@55 

460  Con  Virginia. 5j 

1715  Crown  Point 6J(gS 

70  Chollar 45@444 

1650  Con  Imperial.  .1.4001.35 

330  Confidence I5i@15 

270  Caledonia 302.95 

590  Challenge 3J@3.35 

1400  Dardenelles lJo*1.15 

1915  Exchequer 54@5J 

250  Flowery 85075c 

199  Gould  &  Curry . . .  lOgOloJ 

150  Hale&Nor 164 

205  Justice 4.20@4.10 

565  Julia 53 

70  Kentuck 5g@5J 

30  Lady  Wash 1.10 

510  Lady  Bryan 1.10 

515  Leviathan 35@30c 

225  Mexican 393 

150  Mackey 3.85@3.80 

200  New  Vork 40c 

225  North  Con  Vir.... lli@ll 

2S5  N  Bonanza 1.70 

500  N  Sierra  Nevada 5c 

266  Ophir 351@3*| 

250  Overman 123012J 

100  Phil  Sheridan 35c 

30  Seg  Belcher 27025 

125  Sierra  Nevada 470464 

70  Savage 134 

255  Succor 45@40c 

405  Silver  Hill 2.05@1.90 

50  Scorpion 1 1 

400  Solid  Silver 45c 

80  S  Potosi 2.05 

500  Trojan 20c 

60  Union  Con 73£ 

70  Utah 18(S17i 

200  Wells-Fargo 15c 

200  Ward 1.65@1.60 

230  Yellow  Jacket.... 20O194 
afternoon  session. 

1325  Argenta 1. 3501.40 

300  Belle  Isle 30c 

100  Bulwer 16J@16! 

125  Bodie 54@B 

1525  Bechtel 1 .3001 .40 

2775  Belmont 75@85c 

225  Belvidere 50060c 

520  Black  Hawk.. .2.6002.70 

770  Booker 80@75c 

140  C  Pacific 13@1.90 

200  Caledonia  (B  HI 1.90 

200  Defiance 90c 

450  Dudley 75c 

195  Eureka  Con 26i026 

100  Goodshaw 50c 

225  Grand  Prize 4.60 

260  Giant&OA 43@5 

50  Gila 30c 

400  Hamburg 50060c 

635  Highbridge 60c 

50  Independence 1.70 

50  Jackson 74 

230  Leopard. 85c 


645  Independence  ...1401.40 

250  Jefferson 85c 

100  Modoc 10c 

1000  Martin  White 6: 

70  Mono 2' 

310  Manhattan 1' 

250  Minnie  tta  Bell 20c 

50  Northern  Belle.. 

745  Navajo 10015c 

220  Paradise l.l"~ 

685  Raymond  &  Ely.  . .  .6307 

460  Summit 2JOT  "" 

400  Star 60@65c  1010 

170  S  Bodie 30c!  400 

1400  S  Bulwer 75O80c|    50 

140  Tiptop 60070c  6325 

400  Tioga  Con 1.40i-m    450 

25  Tuscarora 10c|  100 


100 
15 

665 
2?  5 
950 
240 
50 
3. Hi 
400 
120 
150 
51750 


Leeds 70c 

Martin  White 61 

Mono 2.40O2i 

Manhattan 13@2 

McClinton 70075c 

Northern  Belle . . .  10£@11 

Ori  mtal 5c 

Paradise 1.60 

Richer 70@75c 

Raymond  &  Ely 6i 

Silver  King 8{ 

S  Bulwer 80@90c 

SBodie 25035c 

Star 50055c 

Summit 2.40 

Tuscarora 5@10c 

Tioga  Con li 

Tiptop 65c 


Pacific  Board— Latest  Sales. 


Wed'sday  l. if ., Mnr.  12. 

100  Alpha 18J@18g 

30  Alta 5.35 

190  Belcher 7. 9507.90 

20  Benton 41 

•  30  Black  Hawk , .  .2* 

100  Best  a  Belcher. ..1910194 

30  Con  Virginia. 5J 

375  Con  Imperial 1.15 

150  Crown  Point 5j 

70  Caledonia 3.05 

75  California 53@5J 

20  Challenge 3  10 

20  Chollar 43 

160  Exchequer 5@5J 

10  Gould  &  Curry 10B 

150  Hale  &  Nor 16J016I 

200  Justice 4.20 

350  Julia 5J@! 

120  Mexican 39*l.  -  - 

150  Ophir 35i(ff35j! 

10  Overman 12 

50  Phil  Sheridan 30c 

100  Savage 133 

40  Sierra  Nevada 46g 

70  Silver  Hill 1.95 

60  Utah 18 

10  Union  Con 73i 

130  Ward 1.65 


40  Yellow  Jacket... 19J019! 
A  FTERNOON  SESSION. 

20  Andes 40o 

200  Arcenta liOU 

50  Belcher 8? 

50  Bullion 5| 

100  Booker 85c 

60  Black  Hawk 2.60O2J 

40  Benton 4i@4 

55  Caledonia 3i@3.05 

310  Con  Imperial 11 

50  Con  Virginia 5i 

10  Crown  Point 5.90 

200  Endowment 5c 

25  Hale  &  Nor 1610161 

180  Julia 5.65 

300  Mariposa 41@4 

50  Mackey 335 

180  Niagara 201.95 

150  New  York 40c 

50  Ophir 35g@35i 

100  Phil  Sheridan 35c 

50  Savage 131 

40  Silver  HiU 1.95 

200  Trojan 20023c 

750  Tuscarora 8c 

320  Ward lgOl.70 

100  Wells-Fargo I5c 

40  Yellow  Jacket 18f 


California  Board —Latest  Sales. 


Wcd'sdayA.M., 

50  Alpha . 


1000  Atlanta 504c 

40  Alta 5J@5| 

650  .(Etna 17i 

50  Black  Hawk 2.40 

125  Belmont 80o 

250  Brilliant 75@45c 

40  Best  Sl  Belcher. .  .201@20i 

60  Belcher 73@7S 

30  Bullion 5| 

50  California 5£Oo:  100 

45  Con  Virginia 5J05J]    70 

220  Con  Imperial..  1.15@1. 17V     10 

40  Crown  Point 5'   ~* 

30  Chollar 42; 

130  Challenge Sj 

40  Exchequer 5{ 

250  Favorite 55c 

100  Globe 4cl    40 


Gould  &  Curry...  10J@10a 

Hale  St  Norcross 17 

Justice 4l@4.20 

Julia 51 

Mexican 40i 

Monumental 4c 

Mint 17c 

N  SierraNevada 6c 

N  Moiiumental 6c 

Ophir 304 

Succor 25c 

SUtah 13c 

Savage 140I4J 

Sierra  Nevada 464 

S  Europa 50c 

Silver  Jacket 95c 

Trojan 20021c 

UFlag ajjf 

Union ^SSlxJ 

Yellow  Jacket  ..1910191 


March  15,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


165 


Mining  Share  Market 

The  past  week  has  been  peculiarly  trying  on 
the  nerves  of  our  stock  people.  Not  that  the 
unfavorable  tluctuations  have  been  so  large,  but 
the  market  has  been  so  changeable,  so  fitful, 
that  it  has  either  led  operators  astray  or  left 
them  in  painful  uuocrtainty  as  to  what  it  would 
do  next.  There  have,  in  fact,  been  several 
"breezes"  during  the  week,  but  aa  nothing 
conld  b«  discovered  to  justify  them,  they  fell 
almost  as  quickly  as  they  rose.  The  weakness 
which  characterized  last  week's  proceedings  was 
present  at  the  opening  of  this,  and  the  same 
slow,  steady  decline  was  plainly  perceptible.  A 
gentle  upward  push  was  given  generally  along 
the  line  on  Monday.  There  was  no  regularity 
in  the  advance,  but  the  general  tendency  was 
upward.  The  cause  of  it  can  only  be  conjec- 
tured. It  is  supposed  to  have  been  due  to  ru- 
mors of  further  negotiations  between  Mr.  Sutro 
and  the  C'omstock  managers.  The  water  stocks 
were  strong  at  an  advance  in  this  ''bullish"  ap- 
pearance, Union  being  the  feature  at  the  north 
end.  On  Tuesday  the  braces  were  suddenly 
taken  out  and  the  propped  market  immediately 
fell,  a  general  decline  characterizing  the  day 
from  opeuing  to  close.  Toward  the  end  of  the 
week  there  was  again  a  slight  improvement, 
though,  as  heretofore,  what  eauaed  the  apprecia- 
tion was  kept  in  the  background.  At  the  finish, 
while  there  was  depression  in  the  prices  of  some 
securities,  and  all  transactions  were  limited, 
there  was  an  alTecting  rise  in  others,  and  the 
market  closed  with  a  quiet  steadiness. 


Additional  Rights  to  Homestead  Settlers. 

Following  is  the  full  text  of  the  act  granting 
additional  rights  to  homestead  settlers  on  pub- 
lic lands  within  railroad  limits,  approved  March 
3d,  just  before  the  adjournment  of  the  last  Con- 
gress: 

"Be  it  enacted,  etc.,  That  from  and  after  the 
passage  of  this  act,  the  even  sections  within  the 
limits  of  any  grant  of  public  lands  to  any  rail- 
road company,  or  to  any  State  in  aid  of  any 
railroad  or  military  road,  shall  be  open  to  set- 
tlers under  the  Homestead  laws,  to  the  extent 
of  lb'O  acres  to  each  settler;  and  any  person  who 
has.  under  existing  laws,  taken  a  homestead  on 
any  even  section  within  the  limits  of  any  rail- 
road or  military  road  land  grant,  and  who,  by 
existing  laws,  shall  have  been  restricted  to  80 
acres,  may  enter,  under  the  Homestead  laws, 
an  additional  80  acres  adjoining  the  land  em- 
braced in  his  original  entry,  if  such  additional 
land  be  subject  to  entiy;  or  if  such  person  so 
elect,  he  may  surrender  his  entry  to  the  United 
States  for  cancellation,  and  thereupon  be  en- 
titled to  enter  lands  under  the  Homestead  laws 
the  same  as  if  the  surrendered  entry  had  not 
been  made;  and  the  person  so  making  an  addi- 
tional entry  of  SO  acres,  or  a  new  entry  after 
surrender  and  cancellation  of  his  original  entry, 
shall  be  permitted  so  to  do  without  payment  of 
fees  and  commissions;  and  the  residence  and 
cultivation  of  such  person  upon  and  of  the  land 
embraced  in  his  original  entry  shall  be  consid- 
ered residence  and  cultivation  for  .the  same 
length  of  time  upon  and  of  the  land  embraced 
in  his  additional  or  new  entry,  and  shall  be  de- 
ducted from  the  five  years  residence  and  culti- 
vation required  by  law  :  Provided,  that  in  no 
case  shall  a  patent  issue  upon  an  additional  or 
new  homestead  entry  under  this  act  until  the 
person  has  actually  and  in  conformity  with  the 
Homestead  laws,  ocoupied,  (resided  upon  and 
cultivated  the  land  embraced  thereon  at  least 
one  year. 


INING     SUMMARY, 


The  following  in  mostly  condensed  from  journals  pub- 
lished in  the  interior,  in  proximity  to  the  mine*  mentioned. 


Bullion  Shipments. 

Since  our  last  issue,  we  have  noticed  the  fol- 
lowing bullion  shipments  :  Hillside,  March  5th, 
$5,220;  Tybo  Con.,  March  1st,  $4,119.89; 
Tybo  Con.,  March  5th,  $3,975.29;  Standard, 
March  8th,  $19,529.91  ;  Northern  Belle,  March 
5th,  $6,196.99;  Paradise  Valley,  March  9th, 
$2,843.25  ;  Grand  Prize,  March  10th,  $12,500  ; 
Hillside,  March  11th,  $4,740;  Christy  Con., 
March  11th,  $5,463. 


The  name  of  Rev.  H.  W.  Reed  has  been 
stricken  from  the  roll  of  the  Baptist  Minister's 
Meeting  of  San  Francisco,  for  misrepresenta- 
tions at  the  East  regarding  the  Chinese  ques- 
tion. 


The  Central  Pacific  Railroad  Company  are 
doing  a  good  business  despite  the  dull  times. 
The  earnings  for  February  came  up  to  $1,093,- 
000— a  gain  of  $112,500. 


There  are  said  to  be  an  average  of  50  appli- 
cants for  each  of  the  subordinate  vacant  offices 
in  the  new  Congress,  and  members  are  nearly 
distracted. 


Arrangements  have  been  made  for  com- 
mencing work  on  the  Canada  Pacific  railroad  at 
an  early  date. 


It  is  stated  that  the  position  of  director  of 
the  geological  surveys  will  he  given  to  Clarence 
King. 

The  New  York  Bullion  Club  talk  of  budding 
an  edifice  to  cost  §1,000,000. 


CALIFORNIA. 
AMADOR. 

Moore.  -  Ledger,  Mar.  S:  The  first  clean-up  at  this 
miue  was  mad*  this  week.  Including'  sulphured  it  will 
average  ahout  810  per  ton. 

Yuua.no  DUTUOI  Items  —  A  clean-up  of  u  crushing  of 
140  tousof  ore  from  the  Downamlne  yielded  $7,000.  At 
the  mine  the  Indieutiouti  :tre  that  there  is  more  runs  qJ 
sathtfactory  character  in  store.  There  is  a  ledge  sewn  n 
tit  width,  all  of  high-grade  ore;  in  (net  it  is  probably  the 
richest  body  of  quartz  in  lite  county.  The  quartz  is  of  a 
whitish  character.  The  mine  and  mill  give  steady  em- 
pluyiiient  to  'j;.  men  The  survey  h;i*  just  heen  made  <>i  u 
road)  11-1  rods  in  length,  at  Cape  Cruue  gulch,  between 

the  mine  and  mill  A  Santa  Cruz  coinp.in\  Ins  located  10 
acres  of  gravel  mining  ground,  one  and  a  hull  miles  north 
The  ground  is  supposed  to  be  rich  but  great 
difficulty  has  been  experienced  in  getting  rid  of  the  water 
The  present  company  profuse  to  put  up  ait  engine,  sink  a 
shaft  and  prospect  in  a  thorough  style  The  Grass  Valley 
gravel  claim  is  lit  full  blast,  and  the  owners  are  sanguine 
of  its  success.  The  Volcano  tunnel  is  it:  1,300  ft,  with 
over  B00  It  still  to  be  bored. 

Otiikk  Notes.— The  Hercules  is  progressing  finely;  Bhaft 
down  100  ft.  At  the  bottom  a  tunnel  runs  north  along 
the  vein  70  ft.  It  is  now  decided  to  put  down  the  shaft 
200  ft  deeper.  Au  improved  tnothod  of  hoisting  rock  at 
this  mine  consists  of  a  self-dumping  car.  it  needs  no 
bucket-lander,  and  this  effects  a  considerable  saving.  The 
Centennial  ia  stilt  working.  Ono  nitrht  lost  week  the  shaft 
belonging  to  the  rope-drum  was  twisted  off.  The  Cen- 
tennial mill  is  shortly  to  he  started  on  ore  from  the  Vic- 
toria. Fifteen  tons  are  011  the  dump,  estimated  to  yield 
312  per  ton.  The  Fort  John  mine  is  developing  slowly. 
Work  is  let  by  contract,  and  only  two  men  are  employed. 
These  parties  claim  the  ground,  and  the  prospect  is  fair 
for  considerable  litigation  before  the  question  of  owner- 
ship is  settled. 

CALAVERAS. 

Banner  Mine,— Cor.  Chronicle,  Mar.  8:  The  shaft  has 
been  sunk  to  200  ft,  bringing  to  light  a  well-developed 
vein,  rich  in  precious  metal.  Its  engine  are  35  horse- 
power, and  it  employs  20  men. 

San  Pkpro.— This  mine  has  attained  a  depth  of  150  ft, 
with  fine,  regular  walls  from  six  to  eight  ft  apart,  encas- 
ing a  true  fissure  vein. 

Uoey  &  Slitrr.— Chronicle,  Mar.  8:  Work  was  re- 
sumed in  the  Hoey  &  Slitcr  mine  on  the  3d  inst.,  opera- 
tions bo  far  being  confined  to  getting  things  in  readiness 
for  taking  the  water  out.  A  San  Francisco  company  has 
bonded  the  mine  for  00  days,  with  the  privilege  of  pur- 
chasing at  the  end  of  that  time  or  abandoning  it  as  they 
see  fit.  1 

Mammoth. — A  clean-up  has  recently  been  made  at  the 
Mammoth  hydraulic  (J.  C.  Veith  proprietor)  that  would 
be  considered  phenomenal  if  the  claim  was  located  any- 
where else  but  here.  It  was  large  enough  to  permit  the 
declaration  of  a  dividend  of  about  84,000  per  share.  That, 
for  a  short  run,  is  one  of  the  best  yields  ever  heard  of. 
The  Mammoth  stands  at  the  head  of  hydraulics  in  the 
middle  and  southern  mines. 

FRESNO. 

Fine  Gold.— Cor.  Republican^  Mar.  5:  Work  in  the 
Fresno  Gold  mining  company's  mines  is  in  full  blast.  The 
works  were  started  up  on  the  24th  of  February.  Twenty 
men  are  now  employed  and  a  larger  force  will  be  put  on  as 
soon  as  the  necessary  arrangements  can  be  made  to  work 
to  advantage.  Ore  of  a  high  grade  is  being  taken  out  and 
the  mine  belonging  to  the  company  will  be  started  up 
next  week.  Another  five-stamp  battery  will  soon  be 
added. 

LOS  ANGELES. 

Silverado.  — Cor.  Anaheim  Gazette,  Mar.  8;  But  little 
work  has  been  done  at  any  of  the  mines.  The  Blue  Light 
company  prosecuted  work  upon  two  tunnels,  with  six  men 
employed,  until  about  the  1st  of  February,  when  all  work 
was  suspended.  This'  company  is  endeavoring  to  consum- 
mate arrangements  with  San  Francisco  parties  for  the 
erection  of  reduction  works,  two  experts  in  the  interest  of 
those  parties  having  visited  and  inspected  the  mine  du- 
ring the  past  month.  Morgan  &  Mills  have  continued 
work  during  the  entire  winter  on  the  Mountain  Lode,  and 
are  sanguine  of  having  developed  a  good  paying  ledge  car- 
rying both  silver  and  gold.  The  mill  enterprise  of  Capt. 
John  L.  Bray,  of  San  Francisco,  has  not  been  consum- 
mated according  to  the  original  contract,  which  called  for 
the  completion  of  a  10-3tamp  mill  on  or  before  March  1st. 
The  failure  is  reported  to  be  caused  by  the  illness  of  Capt, 
Bray  and  the  death  of  his  partner.  Advices  from  Capt. 
Bray  state  that  he  now  has  arrangements  completed  for 
the  fulfillment  of  the  contract,  with  an  extension  of  time. 
Sixty  days  further  time  is  asked,  which  the  interested 
parties  will  no  doubt  grant. 

INYO 

Good  Properties. — Independent,  Mar.  1:  Mining  prog- 
ress just  now  in  and  around  Cerro  Gordo  is  by  no  means 
slow.  The  Ygnacio  is  still  yielding  plenty  of  rich  ore. 
The  Diaz  brothers  are  opening  the  San  Lucas,  in  a  four-ft 
ledge  of  Bplendid  milling  ore,  sufficient  to  constantly  sup- 
ply a  10-stamp  mill.  The  Palma  mine,  owned  by  Messrs. 
Hughes  &  Diaz,  is  producing  fine  ore  and  free  gold.  At 
the  dump  of  the  Guyraas  mine,  being  developed  by 
Antoine  Moreno,  there  is  60  tons  of  high-grade  galena, 
and  the  praperty  bids  fair  to  equal  the  Union  in  value. 
The  gold  ledges  of  Beveridge  district,  since  having  been 
opened  during  the  winter  to  the  depth  of  100  ft,  show 
stronger  and  richer  ore  bodies  at  the  bottom. 

Union  Con. — Lately  good  miners  have  been  in  demand 
at  Cerro  Gordo  Since  the  visit  of  Messrs.  Belshaw  & 
Beaudry,  some  two  or  three  weeks  ago,  work  has  been 
pushed  ahead  in  all  matters  with  increased  vigor.  New 
drifts  have  been  started,  and  all  of  them  look  well.  The 
water-works,  after  lying  idle  all  winter,  during  which 
snow  was  used  instead,  were  started  up  on  the  23d  ult. 
The  lower  furnace  is  to  be  fired  up  again  soon  for  a  long 
run. 
MONO 

Red  Cloud  Con.— Bodie  Standard,  Mar.  10:  On  the  400 
level  the  Red  Cloud  ledge  has  been  cut  at  a  point  155  ft 
from  the  shaft.  The  ledge  is  about  three  ft  wide,  and  con- 
tains the  same  blue  rock  which  characterized  it  in  the 
levels  above.  DriftB  have  beeu  started  north  and  south 
on  the  ledge.  The  west  crosscut,  same  level,  is  now  in  94 
ft.  The  blue  rock  in  this  crosscut  has  given  way  to  the 
reddish-brown  porphyry,  characteristic  of  the  250  level, 
and  in  which  the  best  mines  of  the  district  have  been 
found.  The  indications  now  are  that  the  country  is 
pitching  to  the  east,  while  it  seemed  to  be  pitching  west 
on  the  250  level.  On  the  260  level  the  winze  on  the  Pack- 
ard  and  Morton  ledge  was  stopped  at  a  depth  of  25  ft,  in 
consequence  of  the  accumulation  of  water,  of  which  there 
is  considerable  in  this  ledge.  All  down  the  winze  the 
same  fine  prospects  in  coarse  gold  could  be  obtained 
which  were  found  when  the  ledge  was  first  cut.  The  west 
crosscut,  from  the  north  drift  of  the  same  level,  has  cut 
through  two  ft  of  clay,  and  appears  to  be  in  the  casing  of 
the  ledge. 

Elackhawk.—  The  Warren  vein,  which  was  struck  last 
week  on  the  220  level,  new  shaft,  has  been  developed  to  a 
distance  of  12  ft  south  from  the  crosscut,  showing  a  fine 
four-ft  ledge  of  valuable  gold-bearing  quartz.  A  north 
drift  has  also  been  started,  which  shows  the  vein  in  that 
direction  to  as  good  advantage  as  in  the  south.  The 
crosscut  is  being  advanced  west  for  the  second  ledge,  in 
exceedingly  hard  porphyry.  Work  has  been  retarded  by 
visitors.  The  second  ledge  will  be  struck  in  a  few  days. 
The  shaft  is  now  down  805  ft.  At  320  ft  another  level 
will  be  started,  and  a  crosscut  run  for  the  ledge  again. 

Standard. — No  change  in  the  east  crosscut  from  the 


main  shaft;  total  length,  323  ft;  progress  for  the  week,  23 
ft.  The  south  drift  mm  the  crosscut  has  been  advanced 
during  the  week  22  ft.  The  ledge  is  four  (t  wide,  and 
looks  well.  The  north  drift  from  the  east  crosscut,  300 
level,  has  been  run  14  ft;  total  length.  VH1  ft.  The  ledge 
here  is  two  ft  wide  of  very  good  ore.  North  drift  on  West 
Standard  is  in  100  ft  from  west  crosscut  The  ledge  is  18 
InchM  wide  "f  very  rlofa  Ore  Connection  has  been  made 
between  the  West  Standard  south  drift  and  the  drift  com- 
ing from  the  south  line.     The  ledges  have  come  together. 

The  north  drift  on  the  Oook  ledge  la  in  ISO  ft  from  the 

-outluni  boundary,  The  ledge  is  IS  inches  wide,  of  very 
tine  ore. 

<_'on.  PACina-  -The  win/.e  being  sunk  on  ledge  X...  2,  65 
ft  from  the  mouth  uf  the  tunnel,  isdowu57ft.  The  ledge 
has  pitched  eastward  so  as  to  constitute  the  hanging  wall 
Of  the  winze,  and  is  over  20  inches  in  width  01  u  Im- 
proved grade  of  ore.  Progress  will  be  more  speedy  here- 
after, as  three  shifts  of  men  will  be  employed.  Work  on 
the  new  central  ahaft,  550  ft  south  of  the  winze,  was  re- 
sumed on  Saturday  «  Uli  Increased  force,  and  will  be  con- 
tinued U  B  double-compartment  and  timbered  with  square 
Beta,  It  i:-  DOW  17:!  ft  in  depth,  with  indications  of  a 
favorable  formation  lor  emu-scutting. 

M.MtvL.vND  COMU— Work  upon  this  mine  is  being  pushed 
as  rapidly  as  poeslble  by  the  company.  Their  shaft  is 
now  in  red  porphyry  and  a  ledge  of  considerable  bIz*  of 
decomposed  quartz.  A  crosscut  will  shortly  be  started  for 
the  Bonanza  ledge,  as  there  is  no  better  showing  in  ihe 
camp. 

As  Important  Work.— The  north  drift  from  the  Mono 
shaft,  400  level,  has  reached  the  Bodic  line,  125  ft  north 
of  the  Mono  hoisting  works.     A  crosscut  will  at  once  be 

run  east  and  west  the  entire  width  of  the  two  mines,  000 
ft,  and  a  station  for  a  turn-table,  etc.,  ia  now  being  cut 
out  at  the  boundary  line.  This  work  is  oue  of  great  im- 
portance. The  400  level  of  the  Mono  is  equivalent  to  the 
500  level  of  the  Bodie  new  shaft.  The  proposed  crosscut 
will  be  very  likely  to  demonstrate  what  there  is  in  the 
south  end  of  the  Bodie  mine,  as  well  as  the  value  of  the 
Mono. 

NEVADA. 

Tub  Hudson  Mine.— Herald,  Mar.  0:  The  ahaft  is  down 
155  ft,  and  the  ledge  keeps  improving  in  thickness,  quali- 
ty of  rock,  and  is  becoming  better  defined.  At  the  bot- 
tom of  the  shaft  the  ledge  is  five  feet  thick.  The  stoping 
thusfar  hasbeendoneontheBouth  side  toward  Deer  creek. 
The  mine  was  bonded  some  time  ago,  and  the  parties 
bonding  will,  without  doubt,  effect  a  Bale  to  an  Eastern 
company.  A  new  road  has  been  graded  from  the  Pleasant 
valley  road  along  the  brow  of  the  Beckman  hill  down  to 
the  mine. 

Bloomkield  Mink.— The  company  are  now  washing 
through  shaft  No.  9,  which  is  the  uprise  at  the  end  of  the 
main  tunnel.  They  will  still  use  shaft  No.  8,  which  has 
been  the  inlet  into  the  branch  tunnel  heretofore  in  use,  in 
case  of  stoppage  of  operations  in  shaft  No.  9,  so  that  no 
time  need  be  lost. 

Providence  Mine.— The  uprise  for  the  new  shaft,  at  the 
Providence  mine,  has  been  completed.  The  shaft  was 
started  from  the  600  level,  and  from  the  starting  point  to 
the  place  where  it  comes  to  the  surface  on  the  side  of  the 
hill  is  nearly  800  ft.  Some  very  rich  rock  was  cut  through 
in  making  the  uprise.  The  new  shaft  gives  a  splendid 
chance  for  air.  The  air  now  is  just  as  pure  as  at  the  sur- 
face. 

Sneath  &  Clay  Mine. — This  mine  has  been  recently 
purchased  by  Messrs.  Shoecraft  &  Sprague.  It  is  pro- 
posed to  incorporate  it  and  sell  the  stock  here.  The  stock 
of  the  company  is  divided  into  100,000  shareB  at  a  par 
value  of  §10  per  share.  The  property  consists  of  1,100  ft 
of  gold-bearing  quartz.  There  is  a  12-stamp  mill  on  the 
mine,  with  hoisting  works,  and  these  are  supplied  with 
three  engines  and  two  boilers.  Besides  there  are  sheds 
and  other  necessary  buildings.  It  will  coat  about  91,500  to 
start  everything  in  working  shape.  The  incline  iB  down  470 
ft,  with  four  levels  which  have  been  run,  and  from  which 
over  §400,000  were  taken  out;  the  company  will  incorpo- 
rate as  soon  as  40,000  shares  of  the  capital  stock  has  been 
subscribed.  The  mine  is  at  present  in  the  handa  of  mining 
engineer,  Fred.  A.  Sacket,  Esq.,  who  ia  receiving  sub- 
scriptions for  the  stock. 

The  Deadwood  Mine. — Transcript,  Mar.  7:  *The  aver- 
age amount  of  ore  now  being  extracted  iB  15  tons  to  every 
24  hours.  A  crushing  of  185  tons  has  just  been  made,  and 
there  is  besides  200  tons  more  on  the  dump.  Workmen 
are  engaged  in  attaching  pipes  so  that  in  a  few  days  the 
mill  and.  hoisting  works  will  be  run  by  hurdy-gurdy 
power  at  an  cxpewse  not  exceeding  $4  or  §6  per  day. 

The  Smith  Mine  —The  north  drift  is  now  in  over  50  ft. 
The  last  12  ft  of  it  has  been  in  solid  boulders,  but  there 
is  a  good  prospect  for  shortly  being  in  Boft  granite  again. 
The  drift  extenda  along  a  small  ledge  that  increases  in 
size  and  quality  as  it  is  developed.  It  is  expected  that 
150  ft  more  will  reach  the  rich  chute  that  was  formerly 
worked  down  on  80  ft  and  paid  over  §100  per  ton.  The 
chute  is  supposed  to  be  at  least  200  ft  long. 

PLACER. 

-The  Keehner  &  Holer  Quartz  Mine.—  Herald,  Mar.  8: 
Messrs.  Keehner  &  Holer  are  now  sinking  a  ahaft  on  the 
old  New  York  ledge,  on  the  old  Poland  ranch.  The  shaft 
is  now  down  38  ft.  They  have  raised  26  tonB,  which 
milled  at  the  rate  of  §13  per  torO.  ThiB  enterprise  shows 
that  there  is  an  abundance  of  quartz  in  and  around  Dun- 
can hill  which  may  be  made  remunerative  by  the  applica- 
tion of  individual  induatry. 

The  Booth  Quartz  Mine.—  Thia  mine  is  now  leased  to 
Messrs.  Robinson,  Ferguson  and  Gould  Bros.  The  ahaft 
ia  down  175  ft.  The  hoisting  works,  which  are  operated 
by  a  whim  and  horse-power,  are  in  fine  working  order. 
The  rock  pays  from  §8  to  §10  per  ton.  The  ledge  is  from 
two  to  .five  ft  in  width.,.  The  indications  now  are  that  the 
company  is  raising  excellent  milling  rock,  to  be  crushed 
in  Messrs,  Simons  &  Pelster's  quartz  mill  on  North  Ra- 
vine. The  Booth  mine  failed  to  be  remunerative  in  the 
hands  of  a  stock  company  some  years  since,  but  under 
the  control  ot  practical  miners  ita  bids  fair  to  become 
valuable  property. 

Iowa  Hill  Items.— J.  B.  Hobson's  claim,  at  Indepen- 
dence hill,  had  run  seven  days  when  it  was  compelled  to 
shut  down  for  want  of  water.  The  Orion  mine  is  owned 
b/  capitalists  of  Springfield,  Mass.,  and  San  Francisco. 
The  superintendent  is  W.  W.  Anderson,  of  Gold  Run,  an 
experienced  and  thorough  miner.  Night  and  day  shifts 
of  men  are  working  on  the  rimrock  and  into  the  Sugar 
Loaf.  They  are  at  present  using  about  625  inches  of 
water,  and  expect  to  have  as  much  more  for  use.  At  the 
Morning  Star  nothing  can  be  done  until  they  have  a  sup- 
ply of  water  in  the  big  ditch.  Watts  Bros,  have  a  Bmall 
claim  on  Strawberry  Flat  in  which  washing  is  going  on, 
the  water  Bupply  coming  from  Indian  canyon.  The  men 
have  some  heavy  rock  to  work  and  found  it  necessary,  on 
this  account,  to  put  up  a  powerful  derrick  last  fall.  The 
mast  iB  00  ft  high  and  the  boom  50  ft  in  length.  En- 
twiBtle's  claim  is  running  with  250  inches  of  water. 
Joseph  Byrne  and  David  Beardsley  are  about  to  work  a 
10-stamp  mill  on  the  Columbus  mine  on  Roach  hill.  John 
Mills  lias  a  small  hydraulic  mine  which  will  pay  well  this 
season  if  he  gets  the  necessary  water.  Anton  Phillips,  a 
Portuguese,  has  a  hydraulic  claim  here  that  has  always 
paid  well  when  the  water  season  permitted  of  its  being 
worked.  The  owner  generally  has  two  or  three  men  be- 
sides himself  to  operate  it.  The  mine  hasnotbeen  worked 
this  season. 
SHASTA- 

Whiskytown.—  Cor.  Reading  Independent,  Mar.  6: 
Knox,  Woodward  &  Co.  have  run  a  tunnel  on  their  lead 
about  100  ft.  Although  they  have  run  through  some  very 
inferior  rock,  they  have  now  reached  a  place  where  it 
prospects  very  rich  indeed.  They  have  quite  an  amount 
of  quartz  on  hand  and  are  running  the  arastra  as  fast  as 
the  water  will  permit.  A  clean-up  of  some  of  the  quartz 
taken  out  last  summer  yielded  about  §60  per  ton.  Mr. 
Banghart's  mine,  same  diggings,  on  Mad  Mule,  is  yielding 
very  rich.  We  have  just  seen  weighed  over  40  ounces  of 
pure  gold,  which  he  lately  took  out  in  one  day.  He  has 
run  a  tunnel  into  the  hill  several  hundred  ft.  He  expetts 
to  reach  a  very  rich  point  soon,  at  which  he  sank  a  Bhaft 
last  summer,  but  owing  to  the  water,  could  not  shik  it 


further.  The  Morning  Light,  a  new  mine  recently  dis- 
covered at  the  head  of  Murderer's  gulch,  about  one  mile 
west  of  Whisky  town,  is  prospecting  well.  A  tunnel  la  be- 
ing run  and  it  is  expected  that  the  ledge  will  be  reached 
within  a  few  days  At  the  Pecklmm  mine,  now  owned  by 
Stroud  &■  Co  ,  the  work  is  being  pushed  quite  rapidly.  The 
mill  has  been  received  on  the  ground  and  will  be  in  opera- 
tion within  a  few  weekB.  Work  on  the  extension  is  be- 
ing rapidly  pushed  forward.  Their  arastra  runs  night  and 
day,  but  on  account  of  scarcity  of  water,  can  do  but  little 
more  than  ball  work.  Williams  A;  Ketebum  are  working 
their  claim  on  Saw  Mill  fiat.  They  have  an  abundance  of 
water  and  are  receiving  good  returns. 

TUOLUMNE. 

A  New  Interest.-  Union- Democrat,  Mar.  8:  Th 
Seeber  claim,  a  short  distance  below  town,  begins  to  as- 
sume an  appearance  of  business.  The  ahaft  has  already 
been  sunk  to  a  depth  of  46  ft.  The  vein  is  about  18  inches 
wide.  The  rock  taken  out  looks  well,  and  the  parties  at 
work  represent  that  it  prospects  encouragingly,  The  in- 
tention is  to  sink  to  a  depth  of  about  50  ft,  and  then  to 
start  a  drift.  The  bottom  of  the  Bhaft  la  now  several  ft 
below  the  bed  of  Woods  creek,  and  water  begins  to  retard 
the  work.  The  present  outlook  of  the  mine  is  promising, 
and  it  ia  to  be  hoped  thut  it  will  prove  a  success. 

NEVADA. 
WASHOE  DISTRICT. 

California. —Gold  Hill  Hew,  Mar.  12:  The  drift,  1050 
level,  connecting  the  C  &C  shaft  and  the  Con,  Virginia 
shaft,  iB  receiving  needed  repairs.  The  joint  Con.  Vir- 
ginia winze  from  the  1050  level  is  down  67  ft,  and  still  in 
hard  blasting  porphyry.  The  joint  drift  on  the  2150  level 
continues  to  make  rapid  progresa  in  hard  blasting  por- 
phyry. The  C  &  C  shaft  is  cutting  dry,  hard  rock,  and 
nearing  the  2300  level.  The  daily  yield  of  the  mine  is 
about  240  tons. 

Mexican.— A  joint  Ophir  upraise  has  been  started  from 
the  21U0  level  of  the  Ophir  to  meet  the  drift  running 
north  on  the  2000  level  for  ventilation.  The  joint  Union 
Con.  incline  winze  is  now  278  ft  on  the  Blope  below  the 
1600  level,  and  in  hard  blasting  porphyry.  The  north 
drift,  2000  level,  continues  in  soft  porphyry,  through 
which  it  is  making  seven  ft  per  day. 

OrHia. —Repairs  to  the  main  Bhaft,  above  the  1465  level, 
have  been  continued.  Work  in  the  incline  has  been  re- 
sumed. Prom  the  main  north  drift,  2100  level,  a  joint 
Mexican  upraise  has  been  started  fer  the  2000  level  for 
ventilation. 

Savage.— The  pumps  are  holding  the  water  at  the  2040 
tank.  Repairs  to  the  vertical  abaft  and  incline  con- 
tinues. 

Exchequer.— North  drift,  2400  level,  is  in  soft  ground, 
requiring  to  be  timbered.  The  vein  widens  aa  this  drift 
is  pushed  on  north. 

Con.  Virginia.— Repairs  to  the  shaft  below  the  1400 
level  have  been  rendered  neceasary  by  its  gradual  eliding 
to  the  east  so  as  to  interfere  with  the  running  of  the 
cagea.  Repairs  to  the  1050  connecting  drift  are  being 
made.  The  joint  California  winze  is  making  two  ft  per 
day  through  hard  porphyry.  Three  ft  per  day  are  being 
made  in  the  joint  drift  215u  level  to  connect  with  the  Joint 
winze,  the  material  encountered  being  porphyry. 

Sierra  Nevada.— The  sump  at  the  bottom  of  the  east 
shaft  has  been  completed  and  a  drift  started  on  the  2200 
level  to  meet  that  coming  north  from  the  incline.  It  is 
now  60  ft  below  the  2300  level.  The  north  drift,  2200 
level,  is  still  in  soft  ground,  the  face  390  ft  front  the  north 
crosscut.  Good  progress  is  being  made  in  the  upraise 
from  the  1700  level  to  connect  with  the  North  Con.  Vir- 
ginia shaft. 

Gould  &  Curry.— Repairs  last  week  stopped  develop- 
ments, but  work  is  now  making  usual  progresa.  The 
winze  on  the  Savage  line  is  being  sunk  from  the  1900 
level  to  the  2000  level,  and  crosscuts  east  are  being  run 
joint  with  the  Best  &  Belcher  on  both  the  1700  and  1900 
levels,  The  Oabiaton  shaft  ib  still  encountering  a  heavy 
flow  of  water,  the  pumps  raising  30  miners'  inches. 

North  Bonanza  and  Flowery.— The  water  tank  at  the 
300  level  of  the  joint  shaft  is  ready  to  calk  and  the  rock 
chute  is  completed.  An  engine  of  sufficient  capacity  to 
sink  2,000  ft  was  bought  yesterday,  and  will  soon  be  placed 
in  position.  The  north  drift  is  following  the  ledge  at  the 
rate  of  six  ft  per  day.  There  ia  no  water  there  to  hinder 
operations. 

Belcher. — The  main  incline  is  now  125  ft  below  the 
2560  level.  The  south  drift  on  the  2560  level  is  averaging 
seven  ft  per  day. 

Utah.— Repairs  to  the  incline  during  the  past  week 
have  somewhat  delayed  operations  at  other  poio's.  A 
water  tank  has  been  put  in  near  the  bottom  of  the  incline, 
so  as  to  be  in  readiness  when  the  standing  pumps  are  in 
place. 

Overman.— The  winze  from  the  1600  level  is  still  in  por- 
phyry containing  streaks  of  quartz,  which  are  increaaing 
in  Bize  with  depth.  The  north  drift,  1600  level,  is  in  soft 
vein  matter  from  which  some  water  seeps  in.  The  O  &  C 
shaft  is  down  470  ft  in  good  working  ground. 

Yellow  Jacket. — Put  in  the  new  air-compreBsor.  The 
engine  of  the  compressor  ia  now  on  its  bed.  The  work  of 
putting  in  the  air  pipes  is  progressing  well. 

Hale  &  Norcross.— The  winze  from  the  east  drift,  2000 
level,  iB  nearing  the  2100  level.  The  pumps  are  all  hold- 
ing the  water  below  the  2000  level. 

Crown  Point.— The  north  drift,  2500  level,  is  still  skirt- 
ing the  ore  vein,  laying  it  bare  ready  for  crosscutting. 

Bullion.—  An  airway  is  being  cut  in  the  crosscut,  1840 
level,  for  better  ventilation.  The  formation  encountered 
is  still  porphyry  and  quartz.  The  foundation  stonee  for 
the  new  air  compressor  are  being  laid,  and  the  shaft  ia 
undergoing  repairs  at  the  500  station. 

Best  &  Belcher.— The  general  overhauling  at  the 
Gould  &  Curry  last  week  interfered  with  work  in  the 
mine  somewhat,  but  operations  are  now  going  on  aa 
usual.  A  joint  drift  is  being  run  with  Con.  Virginia  west 
on  the  1700  level  and  joint  crosscuts  east  with  the  Gould 
&  Curry  on  both  the  1700  and  1900  levels. 

Julia  Con.— Pumping  to  the  surface  and  into  the  Sutro 
Tunnel.  The  sprung  and  twisted  reel  shaft  has  been  re- 
placed by  a  new  one.  The  bailing  tankB  have  been  taken 
out  of  the  Bhaft.  There  has  been  a  good  down  current  of 
air  again  given  to  the  north  compartment  of  the  ahaft. 
The  2000  level  haa  not  yet  been  freed  from  water. 

Mt.  Hood  &  Vancouver.— Last  evening  the  1400  level  of 
the  Mint  shaft  was  drained  and  the  water  was  taken  from 
the  sump  25  ft  below  that  level. 

Ward.— Work  in  the  east  crosscut,  800  level,  will  be 
resumed  the  last  of  this  week.  The  men  are  digging  the 
trench  for  the  water  pipe  from  the  tank  to  the  works.  The 
new  engine  will  start  as  soon  as  the  new  skeet  iB  ready 
for  uae. 

North  Con.  Virginia.— The  shaft  i a  still  encountering 
the  hardest  kind  of  rock,  but  making  three  ft  per  day.  It 
will  connect  with  the  upraise  from  the  1700  level  of  the 
Sierra  Nevada  in  about  10  days. 

Union  Con. —The  work  of  enlarging  and  retimbering 
the  north  drift,  1450  level,  connecting  with  the  Sierra 
Nevada,  continues.  The  joint  Mexican  winze  from  the 
1600  level  is  down  278  at  on  the  slope,  in  hard  blasting 
porphyry. 

Chollar-Combi nation  Shaft.— The  work  of  putting 
in  the  (S-iiieh  pipe  for  the  air  compressor  has  been  com- 
pleted, and  the  comprcaaor  itself  is  being  put  in  place  as 
fast  as  possible. 

Justice.— At  the  old  Waller  Defeat  ground,  three  shifts 
of  seven  men  each  are  employed  extracting  ore  which  ia 
being  worked  at  the  Pappoose  mill.  The  capacity  of  this 
mill  ia  20  tons  per  day,  and  it  iB  kept  running. 

Con.  Imperial.— South  drift,  2600  level,  to  connect  with 
the  old  workings  of  the  Yellow  Jacket,  ia  in  50  ft,  and  in 
fine  looking  quartz. 

Lady  Bryan.— Sinking  below  the  600  level  aa  usual. 
The  drifts  north  and  south  on  this  level  are  still  being 
driven  ahead  and  making  good  progress.  The  one  to  the 
south  ia  in  very  fine  looking  quartz,  but  of  low  grade. 
The  one  north  iB  outside  the  quartz  formation,  but  iB  still 
iu  the  vein. 

Leviathan.— The  face  of  the  north  lateral  drift  on  the 


[Continued  on  Page  172.] 


164 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRE>S. 


[March  15,  1879. 


Table  of  Highest  and  Lowest  Sales  in 
S.  F.  Stock  Exchange. 


Name  of 

Company. 

Week 

Ending 
Feb.  20. 

Week 
Ending 
Feb.  37. 

Week 
Ending 
liar.   6. 

Week 
Ending 
Mar.  13. 

21 
7g 
50c 

'65c 

1 

8i 
55c 

1 

70c 
30c 
Jh 
5* 
18 

1.05 

1.40 
45c 

J. 10 
li 

3.95 
494 

'Hi 

1.35 
7} 
64 

50c 
10c 

35c 
30 
7 
20 

5! 
5c 

13 

50c 
14S 
183 

1 

15c 
2 

4.20 
5; 
74 

61 
20c 

1.90 

1.90 

1 

65c 
80c 

10c 

3 
5 

85c 

40} 

Hi 

85c 
10 

35c 

42 
5c 
12 

30c 

6j 

65c 

153 

25 

49 

2.70 

M 

1 

2.65 
1.60 
60c 
30c 

75c 

i.ro 

35c 
68 
18 

1.40 
20c 

22J 

is; 
7 

65c 
'60c 

"ii. 

50c 
24 
7J 
55c 

"ii 

5 

16i 

65c 

8O0 
55c 
2.9IJ 

71 

3 
48 

'15), 

1.05 

? 

30c 
29J 
6 
15 

5 

54 
45c 
13J 
17 

2 

1 

10c 

l.Si 
3.90 

5J 

6 

52 
15c 

14 

1.60 
90c 
55c 
75c 

2J 
'i6c 
384 

9 

60c 
9 

20c 

391 

ii' 

25c 
6J 

14 

24 

461 

2.4(1 

9} 

65c 

2.15 
1.40 
55c 

1.40 

90c 
25c 
61 
16 

1.20 
15c 

20J 

21       181 
61       54 
60c     50c 

"i'   '96c 
11     1 

71       61 
50c      40c 
24       24} 

7J       6j 
75o     60c 
30c    .... 

73  6| 
5     4.40 

20       18 

1.40     85c 
60c     40c 
50c      40c 
2!    2.55 

n      5J 

3.70        3 
49        46 

164    'ii' 

1.30    1.15 

a  % 

10c    .... 

'ioi  '.'.'.', 

30o    .... 
29       27S 

74  5j 
15c       5c 

5  4.60 
30c       5c 

10         9 
50c    .... 
13!      Hi 
174      15j 
2.65    2.40 
80c     60c 

30c      25c 

1.80        12 

5}        54 

51        4 

7$       7 

5}       4i 
25c     

1.95       IS 
1.70       11 
85c      50c 
65c     50c 
1       60c 

i6c       5c 
2.90       2i 

6  5| 
75c     60c 

474     391 

iii    io 

65o     46c 
10        8 

260    isc 
434    46 

20c     15c 
10i       91 

50c     40c 

61       5 
1      .... 

13J      13 
27      .... 
57       47! 
24       2 
10         91 
10c 

60c     45c 
31    2.30 
1.70       IS 
60c     55c 
30c    .... 

75c     70c 
500 

«      11 

1       90c 
30c      25c 
90        671 
20       16] 

2.05    1.35 

15c     

25c    .... 

224     20 

20 
5i 
50c 

i'io 

"sj 

50c 
20 

6! 
85o 
35c 

7 

I9J 

2 

85o 
1 

i 

46 

141 
1.15 

45c 
25o 
50c 
5c 

30c 
29 

54 

10c 

4. SO 
30c 

10 
60c 
111 

io; 

2.60 
75o 

20c 
1.60 

3 

74 

5i 

1.65 

1.45 
85o 
50c 
1 

10c 
21 
7 

90c 

43 
li 
3 

124 
50c 
94 

20c 

411 

15c 

128 

2 
45o 

6 

1 

134 

| 

84 

60c 
3 
14 
65c 
30c 

60c 

li 
90c 
50c 
78 
17 

1.55 
20c 
25o 

19 

17; 
'    5 
45c 

"i 

"6' 

45c 
17} 
4 
50c 

30c 

6 

3.90 

171 

1.40 

50c 
40c 
2 

if 

391 
124 

1 

5l 
4.40 

2bc 
15c 

2bc 
274 

4.80 
5c 

44 
25c 

9 

45c 

i?| 

2; 

55c 

l!35 

1.611 
4 
7 

44 

1 
1 

70c 

40c 
70c 

"? 

75c 

37S 

'ioi 

30c 
9 

15c 

354 
5c 
10| 

'25c 

•  5 
75c 

111 

'45' 

1.95 

30c 

2.15 
1 

10c 

1.40 
70c 
25c 
68 

134 

1.20 
15c 

17 

19!      18 

5J        5 

Alps 

Argenta 

Atlantic 

50c      40c 

i'.is  i'.io 

"9"     "6J 

1       40o 

191      17} 
6         51 

75c     60c 

35c      30c 

6J        5! 

4.20       3j 

18       15 

Belvidere 

Booker 

Caledonia... 

2f    1.60 
65c      60c 
1       60c 
3.20    2.70 
6         5i 

34    2.65 

Comanche 

Con  Virginia 

45       394 

'i54    'ii' 

1.40       1 
5}        5! 
6J    4.90 

25c      20o 

35c      30c 

28       274 
54       4 
5c     .... 

51    4.55 
30c    .... 

Endowment 

Golden  Terra. 

58c      50c 

fiouldftCurry 

Hale  ft  Norcross 

Hillside 

Highbridge 

101        91 
17        14 
2.60        24 
60c      55c 

15c    .... 

Julia 

Justice 

1.90    1.60 

55       54 

4.30       4 

8         75 

5!        *t 

15c    .... 

i.36  i.io 

25c    .... 

10c    .... 

7         6! 

North  Con  Virginia. 
Northern  Belle.... 

13       104 
50c     25c 
104       9£ 

37       34J 

12!      114 

'46c    '35c 
6}        6 

Phil  Sheridan 

Raymond  &  Ely 

Seg  Belcher 

27       25 
47       443 

84       8 
50c     40c 

1.60       11 
50c     40c 
30c     25c 

60c     50c 

11    1.55 
65c      C5c 
25c      20c 
761      66 
18       134 

1!    1.40 
35c       5c 

20       HI 

Sonth  Bodie 

South  Standard 
Star 

Utah 

Ward 

Yellow  Jacket 

Sales  at  S.  F,  Stock  Exchange. 


,...40c 

..5;-?.5 


.18@175 


i 

..spiffs: 

70&4.S5 
.1.05@1 
....2.70 

.13<n-i3; 
2hh2.K. 
.J9.>40 


Friday  A.  M.,  Mar.  7. 


300  Andes 

220  Alta 

10  Alpha 

.140  Best  ft  Belcher.. 

750  Bullion 

490  Belcher 

290  Benton , 

1265  California 

250  Crown  Point...  "4 
2605  Con  Imperial... 

250  Caledonia 

150  Confidence 

115  Challenge 

65  Chollar 

895  'Jon  Virginia 

180  Dardanelles 

215  Exchequer 

600  Flowery 

755  Goulds  Curry.. 

305  Hale  &  Nor 

400  Justice 

2230  Julia 

30  Kentuck., 

160  Lady  Bryan 

110  Lady  Wash 

700  Leviathan 

665  Mexican 

200  North  Con  Vir.. 

990  N  Bonanza 

260  New  York 

90  Overman 

500  Ophir 

330  Sierra  Nevada.. 

590  Savage 

100  S  Potosi 

940  Silver  Hill 

650  Solid  SUrer 

600  Succor 

345  Scorpion 

350  Trojan 

100  Utah 

136  Union  Con 

100  Wells-Fargo 

1650  Ward 

430  Yellow  Jacket.. 


14 

.4.iu.-r:4 


43 

....1.20 

....1.10 
30c 

36.v.3r; 
io5@io] 

.'50@  45c 
lHtoll 

(35i 


45c 

i.40@ii 


16c 

1$@K40 


AFTEENOON  SE93ION. 

610  Argenta 1.15@1.10 

400  Albion 40@35c 

200  Belmont 45c 

910  Bechtel 70@65c 

65  Bodie 6@6£ 

100  Belvidere 60c 

70  Bulwer 163 

300  Black  Hawk 1.65 

100  Belle  Isle 35c 

100  Booker 70c 

250  Champion 20c 

120  CPacific U 

100  Caledonia  (B  H) 2.20 

100  Chieftain 15c 

100  Dudley 90c 

100  Day 30c 

40  Eureka  Con. 28 

300  Esmeralda 1 

50  Endowment 5c 

125  Goodshaw 45c 

160  Grand  Prize 4.55 

15  Golden  Terra 9 

100  Giant  ft  O  A H 

100  Hillside 2J@2.60 

450  Highbridge 60c 

380  Independence  ...1.70@li 

50  Jackson g 

270  McClinton 75@80c 

100  M  White 63 

100  Alinnietta  Belle 25c 

330  Mono 21 

30  Manhattan l\ 

400  Navajo 30c 

'     tal 10c 

18@1.80 

*  Ely 61 

R*al  del  Monte 2 

1200  Star. 50<g60c 

65  Silver  King 8 

100  S  Bodie 25c 

735  Summit 2J<g2.40 

750  S  Bulwer. 80@75c 

175  Tiptop 55c 

1025  Tuscarora 6@10c 

150  Tioga  Oon 1.60 


Saturday  A.  91.,  Mar.  S. 

25  Alpha 18 

270  Alta. 5J@5i 

45  AndeB 40c 

260  Argenta 1.15 

110  Beat  ft  Belcher.. 183@ir' 

690  Belcher 68 @l  „ 

925  Bullion 5;f@5i 

340  Booker 60c 

610  Bodie 6 

370  Benton 4.20@4.05 

330  Bulwer 15@15£ 

100  Belvidere 60c 

150  Bechtel 60c 

100  Belmont 40c 

100  Belle  Isle 35c 

330  Black  Hawk..  .1.60^1.70 

300  Con  Esmeralda 

640  Con  Virginia. 53 

460  California 5g@5S 

140  Confidence 13j 

260  Chollar 40J(#41 

240  CrownPoint...4.80@4.90 

2455  Con  Imperial 1. 05<&1 

100  Champion 25c 

350  Challenge 23 

520  Caledonia 2.80(32.90 

80  CPacific 1.70@ia 

1400  Caledonia  (B  H)..2.10@2 

365  Dardanelles .2.10 

250  Dudley ..., 
190  Exchequer, 

205  Eureka  Con 27i@273 

325  Flowery 80c 

915  Gould  ft  Curry 9g@93 

80  Grand  Prize 4.55 

500  Goodahaw 25@40c 

60  Golden  Terra 50c 

325  H  ft  Norcross. . .  .14J(S14S 
5o0  Highbridge 60@55c 

45  Hillside 2J 

10O  Independence 1.60 

370  Justice 4.10@4.20 

1175  Julia 5g@5i 

100  Jackson 
5  Kentuck 

100  Kossuth 15c 

300  Leviathan 25c 

860  L  Bryan 1.20@1.30 

50  Lady  Wash 1.1a 

575  Mexican 40@39j 

2u0  Mackey 3.70 

65  M  White 

50  Manhattan li 

220  Mono 2.20(^2.10 

250  McClinton 75c 

500  New  York 25c 

220  Navajo 25(tf30i 

160  N  Con  Virginia. .  ,13@12{. 

1325  N  Bonanza 11@1.4(j 

500  Northern  Belle 9J 

340  Ophir 363^3? 

125  Overman 12@12} 

55  Phil  Sheridan 35c 

650  Paradise 1.80@2.8£ 

525  Raymond  &  E 61(<tfb 

1056  Savage 113@U£ 

850  Succor 5U(£45e 

150  Sierra  Nevada. . .  .46i@4r 

280  Silver  Hill 2.10 

350  Solid  Silver 50c 

1660  Star 50i 

750  Scorpion 1 

100  SPotoai 2.0: 

100  SBulwer 75c 

100  South  Bodie 25c 

450  Summit 2\ 

100  Silver  King 8j 

25  Tuscarora 10( 

615  Tiptop 50@55c 

150  Tioga 1.60@li 

440  Union  Con 75@72 

230  Utah 14@144 

1295  Ward 1.7U@la 

200  Wells-Fargo 15c 

590  Yellow  Jacket... \l\@Yl\ 
Monday  A.  91.,  Mar.  10. 

725  Alta 5i@5i 

120  Alpha. 18@1S. 

130  Beat  ft  Belcher. .  .l&i(o?19i. 

I  280  Belcher 7&f&7i 

640  Bullion 5|#6 

510  Benton 4.15(^4.05 

25  Chollar 42 

750  California 5i((35A 

350  Con  Virginia 5g(ff'51 

190  Crown  Point 5J 

390  Con  Imperial 1.05@1 

410  Challenge. 

540  Caledonia 

220  Confidence 14@I4J 

220  Dardanelles  ...2.15(a2.20 

360  Exchequer 5i@5g 

1150  Flowery 80@85c 

265  Gould  &  Curry. .  .10i@l0f 

200  Hale  ft  Nor 16ft*15t 

235  Justice 4J@4.30 

435  Julia 5i@5| 

105  Kentuck 5 

80  Lady  Bryan. IJ 

885  Leviathan 25@30c 

390  Mexican 404@41 

150  Mackey 3.80(eo3S 

240  North  Con  Vir.  ..12J(ft>12j 
1440  N  Bonanza,.... 1.95(*i. 60 

225  Ophir 37(£36F 

160  Overman 12[ 

200  Phil  Sheridan 40@35e 

500  Solid  Silver 45c 

200  Savage 13g 

360  SierraNevada 46$@47 

1020  Silver  Hill 2.05(^2.20 

110  S  Potosi 2.05 

750  Succor 45c 

40  Seg  Belcher 

375  Scorpion lj@l 

100  Trojan 25c 

50  Utah 173 

370  Union  Con 75@76| 

755  Ward 1.65@I~ 

625  Yellow  Jacket. . .  .1S@18; 

AJTEAKOON  (SESSION. 

150  Albion 40c 

375  Argenta 

800  Belmout 45(&50c 

200  Belle  Isle. 

385  Bodie 6 

250  Bechtel 70@65c 

13U0  Booker 80@75c 

300  Belvidere 60c 

310  Bulwer. 16@15i 

1610  Black  Hawk 2^.15 

1200  Caledonia  (B  E0...1."    1 

100  Con  Pacific U 

100  Day 

225  Dudley 

40  Eureka  Con. 

75  Endowment. 
685  Grand  Prize. 

300  Gila 

420  Goodshaw 

40  Giant  &O  A.... 
5  Golden  Terra... 
150  Hamburg 50c 

60  Hillside 2i 

840  Higl  bridge 60@55c 

25  Independence 1.60 

250  Jackson 
745  Leopard 
180  Mono 2j@2.20 


,.4.70@4.85 
30c 


450  McClioton. 

50  May  Belle 

420  Modoc 

50  Northern  Belle., 

780  Navajo 

100  Oriental 

1005  Paradiae. . 


....75c 
..2ce 

. .  10c 


l-95t.r 


650  Raymond  &  Ely...6J<a63 


200  Richer 

215  Standard 

1000  Star 

120  S  Bodie 

730  SBulwer 

220  Summit 

2025  Tuscarora  . . . 

425  Tioga  Con.... 
10  Tiptop 

400  University... 
Tuesday  A.M.. 

130  Alta 

110  Alpha 

200  Andes 


70-i>7--c 

20 

50c 

25c 

....75<§«0c 

2.40 

5(ai0c 

,1.55@1.60 

65c 

75c 

Mar.  11. 

\'.'.ihm  - 

40c 


110  Best  &  Belcher. 183 

495  Belcher 7i@7l 

405  Bullion 5i@5f 

230  Benton 4(<?3.90 

80  California. 5? 

345  Caledonia 3@3.10 

1195  Con  Virginia 53@5i 

5370  Con  Imperial.  .1.05@1. 10 

60  Chollar. 42 

325  Crown  Point 5i@5 

30  Confidence 133 

720  Challenge :---3 

1390  Dardanelles 1@H 

860  Exchequer. 5 

450  Flowery. 75c 

835  Gould  &.  Curry 9g^l0 

190  H&  Norcross....  1610*16* 

260  Justice 4i@i.20 

715  Julia 5*@5| 

125  Kentuck 54@5i 

600  Lady  Bryan li 

100  Lady  Wash 1-20 

400  Leviathan 25@3flc 

565  Mexican 401(*41 

150  Mackey 3.800*3.90 

350  New  York 40@50c 

300  North  Con  Vir....  ll£@ll 

625  N  Bonanza H@1.80 

155  Ophir 36i 

20  Overman 12* 

400  Phil  Sheridan  . . .  .35@40c 

100  SPotosL 2.05 

565  Sierra  Nevada. . .  .4&j*46J 

440  Savage 13g@13$ 

660  Silver  Hill 2@2.05 

700  Succor. 45@40c 

600  Solid  Silver 45c 

405  Scorpion 14 

300  Trojan 25@20c 

205  Utah 18 

400  Union  Con 75(®74 

100  Wella-Fargo 5c 

600  Ward 1-65 

360  Yellow  Jacket. .  .188,0*182 

AFTEKNUUN  HE88IOW. 

100  Argenta. lj@1.15 

10C  Albion 40c 

920  Booker 30c@l 

155  Bodie H<&H 

250  Bechtel 7Q<gfibc 

150  Belvidere 60@55c 

245  Bulwer 1730*18 

850  Belmont 70(S80c 

665  Black  Hawk 2j(S24 

50  CPacific 1.70 

200  Caledonia  (B  H) 2 

200  Day 30c 

900  Dudley 60@75c 

70  Eureka  Con 28 

325  Giant  &  O  A 44 

300  Goodshaw 55c 

400  Grand  Prize ....5@5i 

200  Gila 30c 

295  Hussey 15c 

500  Hillside Si 

375  Hamburg 50(gnSOc 

500  Highbridge 60c 

50  Independence 1.60 

350  Jackson 8 

1970  Leopard 75@80c 

50  Minnietta  Bell 25c 

305  Mono 2i(»2.10 

400  McClinton 75c 

200  Modoc 10c 

300  M  White H 

270  Northern  Belle...  .9g@10 
150  Navajo .25c 

2000  Oriental 5c 

185  Paradise 1.90<<*13 

300  Raymond  &  Ely 6j 

100  Richer 65c 

200  Star 50c 

100  S  Bodie 30c 

275  Silver  King 85 

550  Summit 2(32.10 

720  SBulwer 75@80c 

1025  Tuscarora .5(*10c 

100  Tiptop 65c 

1125  Tioga  Con 1.60@li 

900  University 75@65c 

Weil*sdayA.M.,Mar.  13. 

315  Andes 50@40c 

230  Alpha 19 

290  Alta 51@5g 

100  B  &  Belcher 19J@19J 

575  Bullion 6 

735  Belcher 7j@8 

325  Benton 4@3.95 

20  Chollar 43 

530  Con  Virginia 53@51 

285  California 5J 

675  Crown  Point 5i@5jJ 

195  Caledonia 3 

4115  Oon  ImperiaL.  1.20(a)l.  15 

10  Confidence 141 

1120  Challenge 3@3.l0 

2250  Dardanelles l@lj 

450  Exchequer 5| 

200  Flowery 75(aS0c 

365  Gould  &  Curry...  10i@l0S 

330  Hale  &  Nor 17@16i 

60  Justice 4J@4.2u 

540  Julia 53@5g 

50  Kossuth. 15c 

800  Leviathan 35(6>30c 

100  Lady  Bryan 11 

170  Lady  Wash 1.20 

185  Mexican 40@39J 

100  Mackey 3.80 

200  North  Con  Vir..llJ@112 

255  New  York 45(&40c 

350  N  Bonanza.  ...1.80@1.70 

60  Overman 121 

480  Ophir 353@35i 

425  Phil  Sheridan 35c 

810  Succor. 40c 

260  Savage 14 

190  S  Nevada 463@461 

400  Solid  Silver 45®40c 

370  Silver  Hill 2@1.95 

100  S  Potosi 2.05 

100  Trojan 20c 

60  Utah 18@i7i 

400  Union 73@74 

1050  Wells-Fargo 10c 

1570  Ward 1.65<&13 

330  Yellow  Jacket. .  .193@i9i 

AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

80  Albion 25c 

825  Argenta 1.3501J 

90  Bulwer 17i(3l6i 

615  Bechtel 65@75c 

270  Bodie 53@61 

685  Black  Hawk 24tg2g 

3055  Belmont..'. 80«Sl 

200  Belle  Isle. 30c 

370  Booker. 90@60c 

100  Caledonia  (B  H) 1 .  95 

550  C  Pacific 1.70@13 

650  Day 30@35c 

120  Dudley 75c 

30  Eureka  Con 272 

50  Esmeralda 90c 

165  GrandPrize 4.90@5 

525  Giant  &  O  A 43.0*5 

200  Hamburg 50c 

600  Highbridge 60c 

50  Hillside 21 

150  Husaey 15c 

270  Independence 1.90 

100  Jefferson 30c 

90  Jackson 8@7j 

900  Leopard 75(380c 

240  Leeds 70c 

250  McClinton 70(S60c 

45  Manhattan 1 .60(0:11 

40  M  White 6|(S6j 

260  Mono 21052.20 

100  Modoc 10c 

100  Northern  Belle..  10i(gloj 

450  Oriental T...5c 

430  Paradise 1  70 

80  Real  Del  Monte.... 2j@2 
300  Raymond*  Ely... 63(5:61 

700  Richer ',&. 

500  SBodie 30c 

1030  Summit 2@24 

950  SBulwer 85(£S0c 

85  Silver  King 8* 

90  Standard 20c 

800  Star gOc 


Company. 

AJta  S  M  Co 
Becntel  Con  M  Co 
Belcher  S  M  Co 
Belvidere  M  Co 
Caledonia  S  M  Co 
DeFrees  M  &  M  Co 
Dudley  M  Co 
Endowment  M  Co 
Exchequer  M  Co 
Florence  Blue  Gravel  M  Co 
Flowery  M  Co 
Gila  SMCo 
Gould  &  Curry  S  M  Co 
Hale  &  Norcrosa  S  M  Co 
Hussey  Con  G  &  S  M  Co 
Julia  Con  M  Co 
Leopard  M  Co 
Leviathan  M  Co 
Manhattan  S  M  Co 
Mai  tin  White  M  Co 
McCrackin  Con  M  Co 
Modock  Con  M  Co 
Navajo  M  Co 
Overman  S  M  Co 
Phil  Sheridan  G  &  S  Co 
Resolute  T  &  M  Co 
Savage  M  Co 
Silver  PrizeG&SMCo 
South  Bulwer  G  M  Co 
South  Standard  M  Co 
Yellow  Jacket  8  M  Co 


California 

14 

California 

1 

Nevada 

1/ 

California 

3 

Nevada 

26 

Nevada 

9 

California 

2 

Nevada 

3 

Nevada 

13 

California 

3 

Nevada 

1 

Nevada 

3 

Nevada 

3b 

Nevada  61 

Nevada  7 

Nevada  8 

Nevada  9 

Nevada  8 

Nevada  2 

Nevada  5 

Arizona  2 

California  8 

Nevada  5 

Nevada  43 

Nevada  8 

California  1 

Nevada  37 

Nevada  4 

California  2 

California  4 

Nevada  31 


Levied. 

1  Feb  20 
Feb  18 

I.  Feb  7 
Feb  24 
Jan  31 
Mar  11 
Jan  29 
Feb  20 

1  Feb  26 
Jan  22 
Jan  2!) 
Jan  22 

1       Miiv  11 

I  Mar  12 
i    Jan  20 

I I  Jan  21 
1    Jan  3 

Mar  6 

I  Mar  3 

I I  Dec  14 
i    Oct  22 

\  Feb  13 

1  Feb  4 

S)  Jan  28 

5  Jan  21 
)  Dec  28 

;  1  Fell  17 
E  Feb  1 
)    Feb  27 

6  Feb  25 
10    Jan  15 


Dblinci'nt. 

Mar  27 
Mar  25 
Mar  12 
Mar  29 
Mar  7 
April 
Mar  3 
Mar  31 
Mar  31 
Feb  25 

Mar  4 

Mar  3 
Apr  16 
Apr  16 
Feb  26 
Feb  27 
Feb  6 
Apr  12 
Apr  8 
Jan  21 

Mar  3 
Mar  24 
Mar  12 
Mar  5 
Feb  24 
Mar  3 
Mar  11 

Mar  6 
Mar  31 
Mar  31 

Feb  19 


Sale.    Secretary. 


MINING  SHAR3S0LDERS'  DIRECTORY. 

Compiled  every  Thursday  from  Advertisennts  in  Mining  and  Scientific  Press  and  other  S.  F.  Journals, 
ASSESSMENTS-STOCK  ON  THE  LISTS  OP  THE  BOARDS. 

Place  op  Bmorgj, 

30i IMontgom,,,,, 

309  Montgomery  8f 

203BoiSS 

...Wun 

414  California  at 

IffflM    ™pi„68l 

J09  Montgomery  Bt 

„„   3?;piM, 

418  California  it 

™  Montsonm,  ,t 
328  Montgomery  ,t 
J»  Montgomery.! 
309  Montgomery  at 
.,„     327  Pine  ,t 

419  California  at 

507  Montgomery  et 

59  Nevada  Block 

211  SanaomeBt 

310  Pino  at 

327  Pineal 

414  California  at 

■■''33  limb  si 

240  Montgomery  at 

309  Montgomery  Bt 

UHLeidesdorff  at 

32J  Sanaome  et 

331  Montgomery  et 

Gold  Hill  No. 


Apr  15 

W  H  Watson 

Apr  15 

"Wni  H  Lent 

April  1 

Jno  Crockett 

Apr  26 

C  V  D  Hubbard 

Mar  28 

"VV  Wegener 

May3 

T  E  Atkinson 

Apr  1 

E  C  Maaten 

Apr  21 

R  H  Brown 

Apr  21 

Joseph  GniBB 

Mar  15 

F  AMcGoe 

Mar  21 

W  W  Stetson 

Mar  24 

Wm  W  Pa,  i»h 

May? 

A  K  Durbrow 

May  8 

Joel  F  Lightner 

Mar  21 

T.  H  Broivn 

Mar  19 

A  Noel 

Mar  28 

R  H  Brown 

May  2 

F  E  Luty 

Apr  30 

Jno  Crockett 

Mar  22 

J  J  Scovillo 

Apr  7 

H  A  Whiting 

Apr  15 

J  W  Pew 

April  3 

R  H  Brown 

Mar  26 

Geo  D  Edwards 

Mar  17 

D  L  Thomas 

Mar  31 

J  L  Fields 

Mar  31 

E  B  Holmes 

Mar  29 

W  H  Redington 

Apr  21 

Wm  Stuart 

Apr  21 

C  A  Sankey 

Mar  19 

Mercer  Otey 

OTHER  COMPANIES-:tOT  ON  THE  LISTS  OF  THE  BOARDS. 


Arpent  M  Co 
Aurora  T  &  M  Co 
Black  Hawk  G  M  Co 
Booker  Con  G  M  Co 
Brilliant  M  Co 
Carmelo  Bay  Coal  Co 
Con  Dorado  M  Co 
Day  S  M  Co 
Diana  G  &  S  M  Co 
Eagle  S  M  &  M  Co 
Fairfax  M  Co 
Godfrey  Gravel  M  Co 
Hanover  Con  M  Co 
Howe  S  M  Co 
Jupiter  M  Co 
Mammoth  M  Co 
MaripoFaLand  &  M  Co 
Mount  Hood  M  Co 
New  York  M  Co 
North  Star  G  M  Co 
Northern  Light  G  &  S  M  Co 
Oriental  Con  G  &  S  M  Co 
Pinal  M  k  M  Co 
Pioneer  Con  M  Co 
Oueen  Bee  M  Co 
Red  HillH&WCo 
Richer  M  Co 
S  F  Petroleum  Co 
Slate  CreekGM  Co 
Summit  M  Co 
University  G  M  Co 
Vancouver  M  Co 


Nevada  4 

California  3 

California  4 

California  1 

Nevada  1 

California  2 

Nevada  1 

Nevada  3 

Nevada  3 

Nevada  12 

Nevada  1 

California  4 

California  2 

Nevada  1 

California  2 

California  2 

California  15 

Nevada  2 

Nevada  18 

California  1 

California  3 

California  2 

Arizona  1 

Nevada  5 

California  2 

California  1 

California  2 

California  5 

California  1 

California  7 

California  1 

Nevada 


Wide  Awake  Prospecting  &  M  Co       Ariz      6 


0  Jan  21 

»  Feb  24 

|  Dec  10 

5  Jan  29 

>6  Jan  13 

!5  Dec  20 

0  MarlO 

05  Feb  6 

0  Feb  12 

16  Feb  19 

15  Jan  25 

05  Jan  17 

25  Jan  30 

)3  Feb  24 

10  Feb  15 

20  FebJ2 

)0  Jon  io 

15  Feb  3 
(0  Feb  1? 
SO  Jan  29 
10  Jan  2:1 
50  Feb  18 
00  FeblB 
05  Mar  C. 
10  Mar  H 
05  Feb  24 
25  Mar  8 

16  Feb  6 
25  Jan  21 
05  Feb  4 
10  Mar  1 
15  Frb3 
04  Febl 


Mar  3 
April  1 
Jan  11 
Mar  6 
Feb  17 
Feb  20 
Apr  12 
Mar  15 
Mar  17 
Mar  24 
Feb  28 
Feb  20 

Mar  31 
Mar  18 
Mar  19 
FcM2 
Mar  8 
Mar  25 
Mar  5 
Mar  3 
Mar  24 
Apr  5 
Apr  12 
Apr  9 
Mar  31 
Apr  14 
Mar  11 
Mar  3 
Mar  11 
Apr  5 
MarS 
April  1 


Mar  25 
Apr  30 
Mar  20 
Mar  26 
Mar  21 
Mar  20 
Apr  30 
April  8 

Apr  2 
Apr  15 
Mar '20 

Apr  7 
Mar  24 
Apr  21 
Apr  16 
Ait  10 
Mar  12 
Mar  28 
Apr  15 
Mar  26 

Apr  9 
April 

May  5 

May  3 

May  5 
Apr  17 
May  5 
Mnr  31 
Mar  31 
April  8 
Apr  26 
Mar  28 
May  1 


R  H  Brown  337  ping ., 

C  Van  Dyck  Hubbard        203  Bunh  u 
HSKcHobb  306  Pine  6t 

W  H  Lent  309  Montgomery  bI 

Wm  A  Van  VauBokkden        309Ca 
'"!">&*  636  Washington  si 

J  M  Buffington  309  Californin  at 

•J^F*??     ,  310  Pine  Bt 

J  T  McGeoghcgan  318  Piae  Et 

327  Pine  6t 
l?fi  California  Dt 


R  II  Brown 
O  C  Miller 
J  M  Buffington 
Wm  A  Andoe 
H  B  Hand 
E  C  Master) 
A  W  Roue 
Ltnnder  Leavitt 
W  W  BauPman 
D  L  Thomas 
1>  A  .U'ooingB 
R  P  Monroe 
Win  R  Bi-nthy 
A  rich  Roberta 
J  M  Rufhngton 
Thw  A  White 
A  BTauJ 
W  11  Lent 
Wendell  Kanton 
J  L  Flelda 
R  N  Van  Bruut 
Win  Letts  Oliver 
W  W  Bailsman 
C  H i Id. 'brand t 


MEKINGS  TO  BE  HELD. 


Name  of  Company. 

jEtna  M  Co 
Arniand  G  &  S  M  Co 
Atlanta  M  Co 
Buckeye  G  &  S  M  Co 
Equitable  T  &  M  Co 
Maryland  Con  G  &  S  M  Co 
MeloneB  Con  M  Co 
South  End  M  Co 


Location.    Sp.RTARr. 

Arizona    J  S  mear 
California    J  L  elds 
Utah    E  1  (go 
California.     C 

Oh    B  J  Collins 
California    J  Tayson 
California    A  >il 

Nevada    R  Kan  Brunt 


Office  in  S.  F. 

420  Montgomery  st 

240  Montgomery  st 

420  Montgomery  at 

331  Montgomery  st 

227  Montgomery  at 

419  California  st 

419  California  nt 

318  Pine  st 


Annual 
Annual 
Annual 
Annual 
Annual 
Special 
Annual 
Annual 


California  st 
327  Pino  rt 
404  Montgomery  st 

■'i''1  MontgomeiyBt 

302  Montgomery  it 

309  Rlontg'y  Et 

409  California  Bt 

203  Bush  st 

401  California  tt 

419  California  At 

327  Pine  rt 

2l4FftnBomesl 

309  Californiam 

113  Leideadorff  rt 

329  Montgomery  rt 

30,i  Montgomery  at 

22  Montgomery  hI 

240  Montgomery  at 

318  Fine  at 

328  Montgm'y  st 

409  California  st 

232  Sutter  6t 


Dath 

Mar  21 
March  27 

April  5 
March  28 

Mar  21 
March  M 
March  "J. 
March  19 


LATEST   DIVIDENDS— WITHIN    THREE    MONTHS 


Namb  of  Company. 

Bodie  G  M  Co 
California  M  Co 
Excelsior  W  &  M  Co 
Eurfka  Con  M  Co 
Indian  Queen  M  &  M  Co 
Standard  G  M  Co 


Location.  Shetarv. 

California  W   Lent. 

Nevada  C  Bordon 

California  G  Fhuraton 

Nevada  W  Traylor 

California  A  Durbrow 

California  W  illis 


Office  in  S.  F. 

327  Pine  st 
23  Nevada  Block 
315  California  st 
37  Nevada  Block 
69  Nevada  Block 
309  Moutgornory  st 


1  00 

1  00 

2  00 
25 

1  00 


PA  TABU 
Jan  » 

Jan  IS 
Jan  M 
Feb  20 
Dec  17 
Mar  12 


1215  Tiptop 65c  I  1525  Tuscarom. 

75  Tioga  Con Ij  I    300  Univereft;, 


.  -.,,111, 
65c 


SALES  OF   LAST  WEEK   AND  THIS  3MPARE0 

Tlmrsir v  A.  .,  llnr.  13. 

75  AJta bi 

400  Andes 50@45c 

HO  Alpha 19}@19i 

1195  Belcher 9(&3j 

660  Bullion 5J 

28  Benton 3j 

800  Brilliant 75c 

430  Califomk. 6@51 

460  ConVirg.  5) 

1715  Crown  PrA 6i(<*6 

70  Chollar.     45@44i 

1650  Con  Impn-1..1.4(K«1.35 

330  Confident 15j@15 

270  Caledoni. tim  95 

590  Chalh-ng.  31(W3.35 

1400  Dardenel. 1](«1.15 

1915  Excbeou. 

250  Flowery  .  85to575c 

199  Gould  it  <rry...l0i<S>10i 

150  Hale  ft  K 16i 

205  Justice 4.20(*4.10 

565  Julia 5* 

70  Kentuck   W@# 

30  Lady  Wa 1.10 

510  Lady  Bo 1.10 

515  Leviatha. 35i230r 

225  Mexican  393 

150  Mackey 3. 85(63. SO 

200  New  Yor 40c 

225  North  Ct  Vir. . .  .11  j@ll 

235  NBonar .1.70 

500  N  Sierra  evada 5c 

266  Ophir 35}<W3*3 

250  Overman 122(5*121 

100  Phil  She  an 35c 

30  Seg  Belt- 27@25 

125  Sierra Nfda....47@46i 

70  Savage 13J 

255  Succor ...45<a40c 

405  Silver  H 2.05@1.90 

50  Scorpion  H 

400  Solid  SilJ 45c 

80  S  Potosi  2.05 

500  Trojan 20c 

60  Union  << 73i 

70  TTtah 18(3173 

200  Wells-F.  ) lot 

200  Ward 1.65@1.60 

230  Yellow  .;ket....20@19|. 
AFTERN*  .'  SESSION. 

1325  Argenta 1 .  35@  1 .  40 

300  Belle  Is: 30c 

100  Bulwer 16ito>16! 

125  Bodie..     5$@tj 

1525  Bechtel     ....1.30(91.40 

2775  Belmont 75@85c 

225  Belvide. 50w60c 

520  Black  K.k...2.60«r2.70 

770  Booker 80^75c 

140  C  Pacifii 13@1.90 

200  Caledni.(BH) 1.90 

200  DehancL 90c 

450  Dudley   75c 

195  Eureka  n. 26i<&26 


Thursday  A.  M. 

liar.  6. 

80  Alpha 

. .  .17A@U 

165  Best  ft  Belchei 

..ISjKffllffl 

5i 

320  Benton 

..4.1U(«4| 

475  Caledonia 

..2;<aa.7i 

1660  Con  Imperial. 

...1W1.05 

160  Chollar 

391 

10c 

5| 

275  Challenge 

.. 21(22. tin 

235  Con  Virginia. . 

51 

131 

450  Crown  Point. . 

..45(24.8( 

...4.80GS5 

635  Gould  it  Curry 

. . .  .9S@9J 

405  Hale  ft  Nor... 

..14J@H! 

240  Justice 

4.05 

1035  Julia 

4.60<SM.7( 

505  Lady  Wash.... 

...1@1.2( 

460  L  Bryan 

..uaa.a 

430  Mexican 

.  .38(338.', 
3.65(n3.70 

170  Mackey 

125  Morning  Star. 

: 

100  New  York 

50c 

460  N  Con  Virginia 

..11}@11! 
1.65<gl.60 

740  N  Bonanza 

..liiiiii 

...30(525c 

590  Phil  Sheridan 

195  SierraNevada. 

..45JW46) 
..llfcilll 

215  Savage 

390  Silver  Hill 

2.05 

500  Succor 

...50@45c 

600  Solid  Silver.... 

50c 

100  Trojan 

25c 

130  Utah 

14 

235  Union  Con... 

. . .  .69@6» 

400  Wells-Fargo.... 

Ioc 

635  Ward 

,.l.S0@lj 

635  Yellow  Jacket . 

...17@17i 

AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

2025  Argenta 1 

400  Belmont 45@50c 

100  Belvidere 65c 

495  Bodie...,. 6@6i 

245  Bulwer 17J@17i 

100  Black  Hawk 1.65 

225  Bechtel 60c 

100  Belle  Isle 30c 

360  Booker 55@60c 

400  Chieftain 25c 

50  C  Pacific Ij 

450  Champion 20@l5c 

695  Dudley 75<2$5c 

120  Eureka  Con 28 

300  Esmeralda 

100  Endowment 5c 

120  GrandPrize 4.70@4j 

500  Goodshaw 4B@50c 

200  Golden  Terra 9J&9I 

200  Hussey 15c 

f00  Highbridge 65c 

650  Hillside 2J@2 


LOO 

225 
260 
5C  Oil 

400  Hani l>  1 
635  Hlshlx 
50  indopc    nee 1.70 

50  Jack- 1 
230  Leopar   85c 


340 


645  Independence  ...11(91.40 

250  Jefferson 85c 

100  Modoc 10c 

1000  Martin  White 6! 

70  Mono 2} 

310  Manhattan I1 

250  Minnietta  Bell. 20c 

50  Northern  Belle 9j    350 

745  Navajo 10fttl5c    400 

220  Paradise 1.60(^1.80    120 

685  Raymond  ft  Ely.  ...6|(«7    150 

460  Summit 2J W2.35  1750 

400  Star 60@65c  1010 

170  S  Hodi.- 30c!  400 

1400  SBulwer 76(8 

140  Tiptop 60f<*;0c6325 

400  Tioga  Con 1.40(91)    460 

25  Tuscarora 10cl  100 


Leeds 70c 

Martin  White 61 

Mono 2.mn 

Manhattan 1J@2 

M, ('Union 7WW5c 

Northern  Belle...  1W@11 

Uri-ntal 5c 

Paradise 1.60 

Richer 70@75c 

Raymond  ft  Ely 61 

Silver  King 81 

S  Bulwer 80@90c 

SBodie 25(?Kc 

Star 5(K*55c 

.Summit 2-« 

Tuscarora 5@10c 

Tioga  Con U 

Tiptop 65c 


Pacific  Board— Latest  Sales. 


Wp<l*H<iiiy  A.M..-Hnr.  I'.\ 

100  Alpha 18I@18| 

30  Alta 5.35 

190  Belcher 7.95<«7.90 

20  Benton 41 

30  Black  Hawk » 

100  Best  &  Belcher. ..19|@19j 
30  Con  Virginia- 53 

375  Con  Imperial 1.15 

150  Crown  Point W\ 

70  Caledonia. 3.05 

75  California 5J@5^ 

20  Challenge 3  10. 

20  Chollar 43, 

160  Exchequer 5@51 

10  Gould  ft  Curry 108 

150  Hale  ft  Nor 16}(»16| 

200  Justice 4.20 

3-50  Julia 5j@5.6C. 

120  Mexican .J9J@40 

150  Ophir 351iff352 

10  Overman 12 

50  Phil  Sheridan 30c 

100  Savage 131 

40  Sierra  Nevada 46s 

70  Silver  Hill 1.95 

HO  Utah 18 

10  Union  Con 73J 

130  Ward 1.65 


40  Yellow  Jacket... 19pWi 
A  KTERNOON  8EBBIOW. 

20  Andes ■•*" 

200  AreeDta !*»« 

50  Belcher ?} 

50  Bullion ?i 

100  Booker rjyJSi 

60  Black  Hawk 2.6&J2 

40  Benton .-Mm 

55  Caledonia, 3J@3.w 

310  Con  Imperial y 

50  Con  Virginia •■£ 

10  Crown  Point 5-™ 

200  Endowment .■;:-r:5f 

25  Hale  ft  Nor leJffllW 

180  Julia ;*;* 

300  Mariposa *\%\ 

50  Mackey -£| 

180  Niagara W» 

150  New  York -."■-*» 

50Unhlr 3i.f@351 

100  Phil  Sheridan ** 

50  Savage -'H 

40  Silver  HU1 -^ 

200  Trojan 20OTJC 

750  Tuscarora ii^j'Sa 

320  Ward «S»-™ 

100  Wells-Fargo j» 

40  Yellow  Jacket «i 


California  Board-Latest  Sales. 


lixi'sday  A.M.,  Mnr.HB, 

50  Alnha I8t«i81 

1000  Atlanta 6@4c 

40  Alta 5i@5i 

650  ..Etna 17c 

50  Black  Hawk 2.40 

125  Belmont 80c 

250  Brilliant 75@f5c 

40  Bert  ft  Belcher... -Jn,  ■»:■-; 

60  Belcher 7]@7i 

30  Bullion :>; 


40  Gould  ft  Curry.. 

40  Hale  ft  Norcross 

80  Justice 

30  Julia 

40  Mexican. ....••■• 
100O  Monumental  ... 

100  Mint •■•■:■' 

400  N  Sierra  f»  evada 
1000  N  Monumental.. 

30  Ophir •■ 


e  luk... 


40  Crown  Point., 
k)  Choi  I 

■      n  illense 
40  Exche 

1U0  Globe  . 


wn  Point. . 

liar 

llcnge 

he.juer 


Wt ... 


2i"0  I  Europa 
Mt  Silver  Ju 

300  Trojan ••• 

ICC0  V  Flaf 

1  uiua    ■■•  —  ••■ 
How  JMkrt- 


March  15,  1879.] 


NI 


MIMING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


165 


Mining  Share  Market 

The  past  week  has  been  peculiarly  trying  on 
the  nervea  of  our  stock  people.  Not  that  the 
unfavorable  fluctuations  have  been  30  large,  but 
the  market  has  been  so  changeable,  bo  fitful, 
that  it  has  either  led  operators  astray  or  left 
them  in  paiuful  uncertainty  as  to  what  it  would 
do  next.  There  have,  in  fact,  been  several 
"breezes"  during  the  week,  but  as  nothing 
conld  be  discovered  to  justify  them,  they  fell 
almost  as  quickly  as  they  rose.  The  weakness 
which  characterized  last  week's  proceedings  was 
present  at  the  opening  of  this,  and  the  same 
slow,  steady  decline  was  plainly  perceptible.  A 
gentle  upward  push  was  given  generally  along 
the  line  on  Monday.  There  was  no  regularity 
in  the  advance,  but  the  general  tendency  was 
upward.  The  cause  of  it  can  only  be  conjec- 
tured. It  iB  supposed  to  have  been  due  to  ru- 
mors of  further  negotiations  between  Mr.  Sutro 
and  the  Comstock  managers.  The  water  stocks 
were  strong  at  an  advance  in  this  ''bullish"  ap- 
pearance. Union  being  the  feature  at  the  north 
end.  On  Tuesday  the  braces  were  suddenly 
taken  out  and  the  propped  market  immediately 
fell,  a  general  decline  characterizing  the  day 
from  opening  to  close.  Toward  the  end  of  the 
week  there  was  again  a  slight  improvement, 
though,  as  heretofore,  what  caused  the  apprecia- 
tion was  kept  in  the  background.  At  the  finish, 
while  there  was  depression  in  the  prices  of  some 
securities,  and  all  transactions  were  limited, 
there  was  an  affecting  rise  in  others,  and  the 
market  closed  with  a  quiet  steadiness. 


Additional  Rights  to  Homestead  Settlers. 

Following  is  the  full  text  of  the  act  granting 
additional  rights  to  homestead  settlers  on  pub- 
lic lands  within  railroad  limits,  approved  March 
3d,  just  before  the  adjournment  of  the  last  Con- 
gress: 

11 Be  it  enacted,  etc.,  That  from  and  after  the 
passage  of  this  act,  the  even  sections  within  the 
limits  of  any  grant  of  public  lands  to  any  rail- 
road company,  or  to  any  State  in  aid  of  any 
railroad  or  military  road,  shall  be  open  to  set- 
tlers under  the  Homestead  laws,  to  the  extent 
of  160  acres  to  each  settler;  and  any  person  who 
has,  under  existing  laws,  taken  a  homestead  on 
any  even  section  within  the  limits  of  any  rail- 
road or  military  road  land  grant,  and  who,  by 
existing  laws,  shall  have  been  restricted  to  80 
acres,  may  enter,  under  the  Homestead  laws, 
an  additional  SO  acres  adjoining  the  land  em- 
braced in  his  original  entry,  if  such  additional 
land  be  subject  to  entry;  or  if  such  person  so 
elect,  he  may  Burjender  his  entry  to  the  United 
States  for  cancellation,  and  thereupon  be  en- 
titled to  enter  lands  under  the  Homestead  laws 
the  same  as  if  the  surrendered  entry  had  not 
been  made;  and  the  person  so  making  an  addi- 
tional entry  of  80  acres,  or  a  new  entry  after 
surrender  and  cancellation  of  his  original  entry, 
shall  be  permitted  so  to  do  without  payment  of 
fees  and  commissions;  and  the  residence  and 
cultivation  of  such  person  upon  and  of  the  land 
embraced  in  his  original  entry  shall  he  consid- 
ered residence  and  cultivation  for  kthe  same 
length  of  time  upon  and  of  the  land  embracer 
in  his  additional  or  new  entry,  and  shall  be  de- 
ducted from  the  five  years  residence  and  culti- 
vation required  by  law  :  Provided,  that  in  no 
case  shall  a  patent  issue  upon  an  additional  or 
new  homestead  entry  under  this  act  until  the 
person  has  actually  and  in  conformity  with  the 
Homestead  laws,  occupied,  (resided  upon  and 
cultivated  the  land  embraced  thereon  at  least 
one  year. 


itiNG    Summary. 


The  loll  ing  is  mostly  condensed  from  journals  pub- 
lished iu  i  ulterior,  in  proximity  to  the  mines  mentioned. 


Bullion  Shipments. 

Since  our  last  issue,  we  have  noticed  the  fol- 
lowing bullion  shipments  :  Hillside,  March  5th, 
85,220?  Tybo  Con.,  March  1st,  $4,119.89; 
Tybo  Con.,  March  5th,  $3,975.29;  Standard, 
March  8th,  $19,529.91  ;  Northern  Belle,  March 
5th,  $6,196.99;  Paradise  Valley,  March  9th, 
$2,843.25  ;  Grand  Prize,  March  10th,  $12,500  ; 
Hillside,  March  11th,  $4,740;  Christy  Con., 
March  11th,  $5,463. 


The  name  of  Rev.  H.  W.  Reed  has  been 
stricken  from  the  roll  of  the  Baptist  Minister's 
Meeting  of  San  Francisco,  for  misrepresenta- 
tions at  the  East  regarding  the  Chinese  ques- 
tion. 


The  Central  Pacific  Railroad  Company  are 
doing  a  good  business  despite  the  dull  times. 
The  earnings  for  February  came  up  to  $1,093,- 
000— a  gain  of  $112,500. 

There  are  said  to  be  an  average  of  50  appli- 
cants for  each  of  the  subordinate  vacant  offices 
in  the  new  Congress,  and  members  are  nearly 
distracted. 


Arrangements  have  been  made  for  com- 
mencing work  on  the  Canada  Pacific  railroad  at 
an  early  date. 


It  ia  stated  that  the  position  of  director  of 
the  geological  surveys  will  he  given  to  Clarence 
King. 

Th«  New  York  Bullion  Club  talk  of  building 
an  edifice  to  coat  91,000,000. 


CALIFORNIA. 
AMADC  . 

rdger,    Mar.    8:    The  first  clean-up  at  this 
mtnewai    le  tin*  week     [Deluding  sulphurate  it  wUl 

u\  .■[■   .  ?l'.i  |.L-r  itui 

1,1  1  in'is  -A  clean-up  of  a  crushing  of 

I4i.i  '  -  fry  1 11  the  Downs  mine  yielded   S7,000.     At 

1  inductions  ;»re  thai  there  is  mure  ruiiB  of 
Mtl  factory  Imracter  iu  store.  There  is  a  ledge  seven  ft 
in  width,  i!  >f  high-gnidu  ore;  in  fact  it  is  prubably  the 
."Hi  if  quartz  in  the  county.  The  quartz  ib  of  a 
whitish  uhketer.  The  mine  and  mill  give  steady  em- 
)>]'  lytnenl  tT>  men.  The  survey  has  just  been  made  of  a 
road,  114  n  <  in  length,  at  Cape  C'rauu  gulch,  between 
tin  mine  w  mill.  A  Santa  Cruz  company  has  located  40 
,-n  I  mining'  ground,  one  and  a  half  miles  north 
of  Volcano  Hie  ground  is  supposed  to  be  rich  hut  great 
diilieiilty  lu  been  experienced  in  getting  rid  of  the  water. 
The  preset)  impany  propose  to  put  up  an  engine,  sink  a 
shaft  and  pMpect  in  a  thorough  style.  The  Grass  Valley 
gruvel  cluin  1  in  full  blast,  and  the  owners  are  sanguine 
of  its  succd    The  Volcano  tunnel  is  in  1,300  ft,  with 

over  900  ft    ll  to  be  bored. 

011iK.it  N<  a.— The  Hercules  is  progressing  finely;  shaft 
down  100  ft  At  the  bottom  a  tunnel  runs  north  along 
the  vein  70  It  is  now  decided  to  put  down  the  shaft 
200  ft  deept  An  improved  method  of  hoisting  rock  at 
this  mine  c  sists  of  a  self-dumping  ear.  It  needs  no 
bucket-land  ,  and  this  effects  a  considerable  saving.  The 
Centennial  Mtill  working.  One  night  last  week  the  shaft 
belonging  U  he  rope-drum  was  twisted  off.  The  Cen- 
tennial mill  shortly  to  be  started  on  ore  from  the  Vic- 
toria. Fiftu  tons  are  on  the  dump,  estimated  to  yield 
312  per  ton.  The  Fort  John  mine  is  developing  slowly. 
Work  is  let  contract,  and  only  two  men  are  employed. 
These  parth  laim  the  ground,  and  the  prospect  ia  fair 
for  cousidenle  litigation  before  the  question  of  owner- 
ship is  settle 

CALAVEAS. 

Banner  His.— Cor.  Chronicle,  Mar.  8:  The  shaft  has 
been  sunk  MOO  ft,  bringing  to  light  a  well-developed 
vein,  rich  i  precious  metal.  Its  engine  are  35  horse- 
power, and  Employs  20  mon. 

San  Pkdr<  -This  mine  has  attained  a  depth  of  150  ft, 
with  fine,  re,  !ar  walls  from  six  to  eight  ft  apart,  encas- 
ing a  true  flure  vein. 

Hoey  &  Stbr.— Chronicle,  Mar.  8:  Work  was  re- 
sumed in  tluloey  &  Siiter  mine  on  the  3d  inst.,  opera- 
tions so  far  !  ng  confined  to  getting  things  in  readiness 
for  taking  tl  water  out.  A  San  Francisco  company  has 
bonded  the  me  for  60  days,  with  the  privilege  of  pur- 
chasing at  tl  end  of  that  time  or  abandoning  it  as  they 
see  fit.  » 

Mammoth.  A  clean-up  has  recently  been  made  at  the 
Mammoth  h;raulic  (J.  C.  Veith  proprietor)  that  would 
be  consideve-jhenomenal  if  the  claim  was  located  any- 
where else  b  here.  It  was  large  enough  to  permit  the 
declaration  <  1  dividend  of  about  34,000  per  share.  That, 
for  a  short  rt.  is  one  of  the  best  yields  ever  heard  oE. 
The  Mammo'  stands  at  the  head  of  hydraulics  in  the 
middle  and  s.lhern  mines. 

FRESNO. 

Finis  Gou-Cor.  Republican,  Mar.  5:  Work  in  the 
Fresno  Gold  itiin.fr  company's  mines  is  in  full  blast.  The 
works  were  (-'ted  up  on  the  24th  of  February.  Twenty 
men  are  now  nployed  and  a  larger  force  will  be  put  on  as 
soon  as  the  n  essary  arrangements  can  be  made  to  work 
to  advantage  Ore  of  a  high  grade  is  being  taken  out  and 
the  mine  bulging  to  the  company  will  be  started  up 
next  week,  nother  five-stamp  battery  will  soon  be 
added. 

LOS  ANCLES. 

Silverado.  Cor.  Anaheim  Gazette,  Mar.  8:  But  little 
work  has  bee  done  at  any  of  the  mines.  The  Blue  Light 
company  pro;  ?uted  work  upon  two  tunnels,  with  six  men 
employed,  unl  about  the  1st  of  February,  when  all  work 
was  suspende  This'  company  is  endeavoring  to  consum- 
mate arrang'ients  with  San  Francisco  parties  for  the 
erection  of  reiction  works,  two  experts  in  the  interest  of 
those  parties  ving  visited  and  inspected  the  mine  du- 
ring the  pasmonth.  Morgan  &  Mills  have  continued 
work  during  e  entire  winter  on  the  Mountain  Lode,  and 
are  sanguine  ■  having  developed  a  good  paying  ledge  car- 
rying both  si  rand  gold.  The  mill  enterprise  of  Capt. 
John  L.  Brajof  San  Francisco,  has  not  been  consum- 
mated accord  ,f  to  the  original  contract,  which  called  for 
the  completioof  a  10-stamp  mill  on  or  before  March  1st. 
The  failure  is -ported  to  be  caused  by  the  illness  of  Capt. 
Bray  and  the  :ath  of  his  partner.  Advices  from  Capt. 
Bray  state  th  he  now  has  arrangements  completed  for 
the  fulfillment  >f  the  contract,  with  an  extension  of  time. 
Sixty  days  filler  time  is  asked,  which  the  interested 
parties  will  mloubt  grant. 

INYO- 

Good  Propkieb. — Independent,  Mar.  1:  Mining  prog- 
ress just  now  and  around  Cerro  Gordo  is  by  no  means 
slow,  TheY;.icioi8  still  yielding  plenty  of  rich  ore. 
The  Diaz  broi  rs  are  opening  the  San  Lucas,  in  a  four-ft 
ledge  of  splen  I  milling  ore,  sufficient  to  constantly  sup- 
ply a  lO-stampiill.  The  Palma  mine,  owned  by  Messrs. 
Hughes  &  Din  is  producing  fine  ore  and  free  gold.  At 
the  dump  of  ie  Guymas  mine,  being  developed  by 
Antoine  More  ,  there  is  60  tons  of  high-grade  galena, 
and  the  prope  ■  bids  fair  to  equal  the  Union  in  value. 
The  gold  ledg'of  Beveridge  district,  since  having  been 
opened  during  he  winter  to  the  depth  of  100  ft,  show 
stronger  and  )her  ore  bodies  at  the  bottom. 

Union  Con.  ,ately  good  miners  have  been  in  demand 
at  Cerro  Gon  Since  the  visit  of  Messrs.  Belshaw  & 
Beaudry,  som  wo  or  three  weeks  ago,  work  has  been 
pushed  ahead  all  matters  with  increased  vigor.  New 
drifts  have  bei  started,  and  all  of  them  look  well.  The 
water-works,  ter  lying  idle  all  winter,  during  which 
snow  was  usee  nstead,  were  started  up  on  the  23d  ult. 
The  lower  fun  e  is  to  be  fired  up  again  soon  for  a  long 
run. 

MONO 

Red  Cloud  (■,-.— Bodie  Standard,  Mar.  10:  On  the  400 
level  the  Red  aid  ledge  has  been  cut  at  a  point  155  ft 
from  the  shaft  The  ledge  is  about  three  ft  wide,  and  con- 
tains the  same  luo  rock  which  characterized  it  in  the 
levels  above,  rifts  have  been  started  north  and  south 
on  the  ledge,  he  west  crosscut,  same  level,  is  now  in  94 
ft.  The  blue  1  k  in  this  crosscut  has  given  way  to  the 
reddish-brown  irphyry,  characteristic  of  the  250  level, 
and  in  which  t  best  mines  of  the  district  have  been 
found.  The  i  ications  now  are  that  the  country  is 
pitching  to  thi  1st,  while  it  seemed  to  be  pitching  west 
on  the  250  levi  On  the  250  level  the  winze  on  the  Pack- 
ard and  Morto  edge  was  stopped  at  a  depth  of  25  ft,  in 
consequence  01  ie  accumulation  of  water,  of  which  there 
is  considerable  n  this  ledge.  All  down  the  winze  the 
same  fine  pn  ects  in  coarse  gold  could  be  obtained 
which  were  foil  when  the  ledge  was  first  cut.  The  west 
crosscut,  from  e  north  drift  of  the  same  level,  has  cut 
through  two  ft  clay,  and  appears  to  be  in  the  casing  of 
the  ledge. 

Blackhawk.  The  Warren  vein,  which  was  Btruck  last 
week  on  the  22  evel,  new  shaft,  has  been  developed  to  a 
distance  of  12  1  outh  from  the  crosscut,  showing  a  fine 
four-ft  ledge  o  /aluable  gold-bearing  quartz.  A  north 
drift  has  also  b  1  started, "which  shows  the  vein  in  that 
direction  to  a  iod  advantage  as  in  the  south.  The 
crosscut  is  boil  idvanced  west  for  the  second  ledge,  in 
exceedingly  ha  porphyry.  Work  has  btton  retarded  by 
visitors.  The-  md  ledge  will  be  struck  in  a  few  days. 
The  ehaft  ia  no  lown  806  tu  At  320  ft  another  level 
wilt  be  started,  d  a  crosscut  run  for  the  tedge  again. 

Standard.-      change  in  the  east  crosscut  from  the 


main  shaft;  total  length,  323  ft;  progress  for  the  week,  28 
ft.  The  south  drift  from  the  crosscut  has  been  advanced 
during  the  week  22  ft.  The  ledge  is  four  ft  wide,  tod 
looks  well.  The  north  drilt  from  the  east  crosscut,  300 
level,  has  been  run  14  ft;  total  length,  90  ft.  The  ledge 
here  is  two  ft  wide  of  very  good  ore.  North  drift  on  West 
Standard  is  in  100  ft  from  west  crosscut.  The  ledge  is  18 
Inches  wide  of  verj  rich  ore.  Connection  has  been  made 
between  the  West  Standard  south  drift  and  the  drift  com- 
ing from  the  south  line.  The  ledges  have  come  together. 
The  iK.'rth  drift  on  the  Cook  ledge  is  in  160  ft  from  the 
southern  boundary,  The  ledge  Is  IS  inehos  wide,  of  very 
fine  oro. 

Con.  Paciku*.—  The  winze  being  sunk  on  ledge  No.  2,  66 
ft  from  the  mouth  of  the  tunnel,  Is  down  67  ft.  The  ledge 
has  pitched  eastward  so  as  to  constitute  the  hanging  wall 
of  the  winze,  and  iB  over  20  inches  iu  width  of  an  im- 
proved grade  of  ore.  Progress  will  be  more  speedy  here- 
after, as  three  shifts  of  men  will  bo  employed.  Work  on 
the  new  central  shaft,  550  ft  suuth  of  the  winze,  was  re- 
sumed on  Saturday  with  increased  force,  and  will  be  con- 
tinued as  a  double-compartment  and  timbered  with  square 
sets.  It  is  now  172  ft  in  depth,  with  indications  of  a 
favorable  formation  for  crosscutting. 

Maryland  Con, — Work  upon  this  mine  is  being  pushed 
us  rapidly  us  possible  by  the  company.  Their  shaft  is 
now  in  red  porphyry  and  a  ledge  of  considerable  size  of 
decomposed  quartz.  A  crosscut  will  shortly  be  started  for 
the  Bonanza  ledge,  as  there  is  no  better  showing  iu  the 
camp. 

An  Important  Work.— The  north  drift  from  the  Mono 
shaft,  400  level,  has  reached  the  Bodie  line,  126  ft  north 
of  the  Mono  hoisting  works.     A  crosscut  will  at  once  be 

run  east  and  west  the  entire  width  of  the  two  mines,  600 
ft,  and  a  station  for  a  turn-table,  etc.,  is  now  being  cut 
out  at  the  boundary  line.  This  work  is  one  of  great  im- 
portance. The  400  level  of  the  Mono  i8  equivalent  to  the 
500  level  of  the  Bodie  new  shaft.  The  proposed  crosscut 
will  bo  very  likely  to  demonstrate  what  there  is  in  the 
south  end  of  the  Bodie  mine,  as  well  as  the  value  of  the 
Mono. 

NEVADA. 

The  Hudson  Mine. — Herald,  Mar.  6:  The  shaft  ia  down 
155  ft,  and  the  ledge  keeps  improving  in  thickncsB,  quali- 
ty of  rock,  and  is  becoming  better  defined.  At  the  bot- 
tom of  the  Bhaft  the  ledge  is  five  feet  thick.  The  sloping 
thusfar  hasbeendoneonthesouth  side  toward  Deer  creek. 
The  mine  was  bonded  some  time  ago,  and  the  parties 
bonding  will,  without  doubt,  effect  a  sale  to  an  Eastern 
company.  A  new  road  has  been  graded  from  the  Pleasant 
valley  road  along  the  brow  of  the  Beckman  hill  down  to 
the  mine. 

Bloomfield  Mine. — The  company  are  now  washing 
through  shaft  No.  9,  which  is  the  uprise  at  the  end  of  the 
main  tunnel.  They  will  still  use  shaft  No.  8,  which  has 
been  the  inlet  into  the  branch  tunnel  heretofore  in  use,  in 
case  of  Btoppage  of  operations  in  shaft  No.  9,  so  that  no 
time  need  be  lost. 

Piiovidbnce  Mine. — The  uprise  for  the  new  shaft,  at  the 
Providence  mine,  has  been  completed.  The  shaft  was 
started  from  the  600  level,  and  from  the  starting  point  to 
the  place  where  it  comes  to  the  surface  on  the  side  of  the 
hill  is  nearly  800  ft.  Some  very  rich  rock  was  cut  through 
in  making  the  uprise.  The  new  shaft  gives  a  splendid 
chance  for  air.  The  air  now  is  just  as  pure  as  at  the  sur- 
face. 

Sneath  &  Clay  Mine.— This  mine  has  been  recently 
purchased  by  Messrs.  Shoecraft  &  Sprague.  It  is  pro- 
posed to  incorporate  it  and  sell  the  stock  here.  The  stock 
of  the  company  is  divided  into  100,000  shares  at  a  par 
value  of  §10  per  share.  The  property  consists  of  1,100  ft 
of  gold-bearing  quartz.  There  is  a  12-stamp  mill  on  the 
mine,  with  hoisting  works,  and  these  are  supplied  with 
three  engines  and  two  boilers.  Besides  there  are  Bheds 
and  other  necessary  buildings,  It  will  cost  about  81,500  to 
start  everything  in  working  shape.  The  incline  is  down  470 
ft,  with  four  levels  which  have  been  run,  and  from  which 
over  §400,000  were  taken  out;  the  company  will  incorpo- 
rate as  soon  as  40,000  shares  of  the  capital  stock  has  been 
subscribed.  The  mine  iBat  present  in  the  hands  of  mining 
engineer,  Fred.  A.  Sacket,  Esq.,  who  is  receiving  sub- 
scriptions for  the  stock. 

The  Deadwood  Mine.— Transcript,  Mar.  7:  -The  aver- 
age amount  of  ore  now  being  extracted  ia  16  tons  to  every 
24  hours.  A  crushing  of  186  tons  has  just  been  made,  and 
there  is  besides  200  tons  more  on  the  dump.  Workmen 
are  engaged  in  attaching  pipes  so  that  in  a  fe*v  days  the 
mill  and.  hoisting  works  will  be  run  by  hurdy-gurdy 
power  at  an  expense  not  exceeding  84  or  85  per  day. 

The  Smith  Mine.— The  north  drift  is  now  in  over  50  ft. 
The  last  12  ft  of  it  has  been  in  Bolid  boulders,  but  there 
is  a  good  prospect  for  shortly  being  in  soft  granite  again. 
The  drift  extends  along  a  small  ledge  that  increases  in 
size  and  quality  aa  it  ia  developed.  It  ia  expected  that 
150  ft  more  will  reach  the  rich  chute  that  was  formerly 
worked  down  on  80  ft  and  paid  over  $100  per  ton.  The 
chute  is  supposed  to  be  at  least  200  ft  long. 

PLACER. 

The  Keehner  &  Holer  Quartz  Mine.—  Herald,  Mar.  8: 
MeBsrs.  Keehner  &  Holer  are  now  sinking  a  Bhaft  on  the 
old  New  York  ledge,  on  the  old  Poland  ranch.  The  shaft 
ia  now  dowu  38  ft.  They  have  raised  26  tons,  which 
milled  at  the  rate  Of  §13  per  ton^  This  enterprise  shows 
that  there  is  an  abundance  of  quartz  in  and  around  Dun- 
can hill  which  may  be  made  remunerative  by  the  applica- 
tion of  individual  industry. 

The  Booth  Quartz  Mine.— This  mine  is  now  leased  to 
Messrs.  Robinson,  Ferguson  and  Gould  Bros.  The  shaft 
is  down  176  ft.  The  hoisting  works,  which  are  operated 
by  a  whim  and  horse-power,  are  in  fine  working  order. 
The  rock  pavs  from  $S  to  S10  per  ton.  The  ledge  is  from 
two  to  .five  ft  in  width. j|  The  indications  now  are  that  the 
company  is  raising  excellent  milling  rock,  to  be  crushed 
in  Messrs.  Simons  &  Pelster's  quartz  mill  on  North  Ra- 
vine. The  Booth  mine  failed  to  be  remunerative  in  the 
hands  of  a  stock  company  some  years  since,  but  under 
the  control  ot  practical  miners  its  bids  fair  to  become 
valuable  property. 

Iowa  Hill  Items.— J.  B.  Hobson's  claim,  at  Indepen- 
dence hill,  had  run  seven  days  when  't  was  compelled  to 
shut  down  for  want  of  water.  The  Orion  mine  is  owned 
by  capitalists  of  Springfield,  Mass.,  and  San  Francisco. 
The  superintendent  is  W.  W.  Anderson,  of  Gold  Run,  an 
experienced  and  thorough  miner.  Night  and  day  shifts 
of  men  are  working  on  the  rimrock  and  into  the  Sugar 
Loaf.  They  are  at  present  using  about  625  inches  of 
water,  and  expect  to  have  as  much  more  for  use.  At  the 
Morning  Star  nothing  can  be  done  until  they  have  a  sup- 
ply of  water  in  the  big  ditch.  Watts  Bros,  have  a  small 
claim  on  Strawberry  Flat  in  which  washing  ia  going  on, 
the  water  supply  coming  from  Indian  canyon.  The  men 
have  some  heavy  rock  to  work  and  found  it  necessary,  on 
this  account,  to  put  up  a  powerful  derrick  last  fall.  The 
mast  is  60  ft  high  and  the  boom  50  ft  in  length.  En- 
twistle's  claim  is  running  with  250  inches  of  water. 
Joseph  Byrne  and  David  Beardsley  are  about  to  work  a 
10-stamp  mill  on  the  Columbus  mine  on  Roach  hill.  John 
Mills  has  a  small  hydraulic  mine  which  will  pay  well  thiB 
season  if  he  gets  the  necessary  water.  Anton  Phillips,  a 
Portuguese,  has  a  hydraulic  claim  here  that  has  always 
paid  well  when  the  water  season  permitted  of  its  being 
worked.  The  owner  generally  has  two  or  three  men  be- 
sides himself  to  operate  it.  The  mine  hasnotbeen  worked 
this  season. 

SHASTA- 

WhiskytowK  —Cor.  Reading  Independent,  Mar.  6: 
Knox,  Woodward  &  Co.  have  run  a  tunnel  on  their  lead 
about  100  It.  Although  they  have  run  through  some  very 
inferior  rock,  they  have  now  reached  a  place  where  it 
prospects  very  rich  indeed.  They  have  quite  an  amount 
of  quartz  on  hand  and  are  running  the  arastra  as  fast  as 
the  water  will  permit.  A  clean-up  of  some  of  the  quartz 
taken  out  last  summer  yielded  about  $60  per  ton.  Mr. 
Banghart's  mine,  same  diggings,  on  Mod  Mule,  is  yielding 
very  rich.  We  have  juat  seen  weighed  over  40  ounces  of 
pure  gold,  which  he  lately  took  out  in  one  day.  He  has 
run  a  tunnel  into  the  hill  several  hundred  ft.  He  expects 
to  reach  a  very  rich  point  Boon,  at  which  he  sank  a  shaft 
hut  summer,  but  owing  to  the  water,  could  not  sink  it 


further.  The  Morning  Light,  a  new  mine  recently  dis- 
covered at  the  head  of  Murderer's  gulch,  about  one  mile 
west  of  Whiskytown,  is  prospecting  well.  A  tunnel  is  be- 
ing run  and  it  is  expected  that  the  ledge  will  be  reached 
within  a  few  days.  At  the  Peckham  mine,  now  owned  by 
Stroud  &  Co.,  the  work  is  being  pushed  quite  rapidly.  The 
mill  has  been  received  on  the  ground  and  will  be  in  opera- 
tion within  a  few  weeks.  Work  on  the  extension  is  be- 
ing rapidly  pushed  forward.  Their  arastra  runs  night  and 
day,  but  on  account  of  scarcity  of  water,  can  do  but  little 
more  than  half  work,  Williams  &  Ketchum  are  working 
their  claim  on  Saw  Mill  flat.  They  have  an  abundance  of 
water  and  are  receiving  good  returns. 

TUOLUMNE. 

A  New  Interest.—  Union- Democrat,  Mar.  8:  Th 
Seeber  claim,  a  short  distauce  below  town,  begins  to  as- 
sume an  appearance  of  business.  The  shaft  has  already 
been  sunk  to  a  depth  of  40  ft.  The  vein  is  about  18  inches 
wide.  The  rock  taken  out  looks  well,  and  the  parties  at 
work  represent  that  it  prospects  encouragingly.  The  in- 
tention is  to  sink  to  a  depth  of  about  50  ft,  and  then  to 
start  a  drift.  The  bottom  of  the  shaft  ia  now  several  ft 
below  the  bed  of  Woods  creek,  and  water  begins  to  retard 
the  work.  The  present  outlook  of  the  mine  is  promising, 
and  it  is  to  bo  hoped  that  it  will  prove  a  success. 

NEVADA. 
WASHOE  DISTRICT. 

California.— Gold  Hill  New*,  Mar.  12:  The  drift,  1650 
level,  connecting  the  C  &  C  shaft  and  the  Con.  Virginia 
Bhaft,  is  receiving  needed  repairs.  The  joint  Con.  Vir- 
ginia winze  from  the  1950  level  is  down  07  ft,  and  still  in 
hard  blasting  porphyry.  The  joint  drift  on  the  2160  level 
continues  to  make  rapid  progress  in  hard  blasting  por- 
phyry. The  C  &  C  shaft  is  cutting  dry,  hard  rock,  and 
nearing  the  2300  level.  The  daily  yield  of  the  mine  is 
about  240  tons. 

Mexican.— A  joint  Ophir  upraise  has  been  started  from 
the  2100  level  of  the  Ophir  to  meet  the  drift  running 
north  on  the  2000  level  for  ventilation.  The  joint  Union 
Con.  incline  winze  is  now  278  ft  on  the  slope  below  the 
1600  level,  and  in  hard  blasting  porphyry.  The  north 
drift,  2000  level,  continues  in  soft  porphyry,  through 
which  it  ia  making  seven  ft  per  day. 

Ophir.— Repairs  to  the  main  shaft,  above  the  1465  level, 
have  been  continued.  Work  in  the  incline  has  been  re- 
sumed. From  the  main  north  drift,  2100  level,  a  joint 
Mexican  upraise  has  been  started  fer  the  2000  level  for 
ventilation. 

Savage.— The  pumps  are  holding  the  water  at  the  2040 
tank.  Repairs  to  the  vertical  shaft  and  incline  con- 
tinues. 

Exchequer.— North  drift,  2400  level,  is  in  aoft  ground, 
requiring  to  be  timbered.  The  vein  widens  as  this  drift 
is  pushed  on  north. 

Con.  Virginia.— Repairs  to  the  shaft  below  the  1400 
level  have  been  rendered  necessary  by  its  gradual  sliding 
to  the  east  so  aa  to  interfere  with  the  running  of  the 
cages.  Repairs  to  the  1650  connecting  drift  are  being 
made,  The  joint  California  winze  ia  making  two  ft  per 
day  through  hard  porphyry.  Three  ft  per  day  are  being 
made  in  the  joint  drift  215U  level  to  connect  with  the  joint 
winze,  the  material  encountered  being  porphyry. 

Sierra  Nevada. — The  sump  at  the  bottom  of  the  east 
abaft  has  been  completed  and  a  drift  started  on  the  2200 
level  to  meet  that  coming  north  from  the  incline.  It  is 
now  60  ft  below  the  2300  level.  The  north  drift,  2200 
level,  is  still  in  aoft  grouud,  the  face  390  ft  from  the  north 
crosscut.  Good  progress  is  being  made  in  the  upraise 
from  the  1700  level  to  connect  with  the  North  Con.  Vir- 
ginia shaft. 

Gould  &  Curry, — Repairs  last  week  stopped  develop- 
ments, but  work  is  now  making  usual  progress.  The 
winze  on  the  Savage  line  is  being  sunk  from  the  1900 
level  to  the  2000  level,  and  crosscuts  east  are  being  run 
joint  with  the  Best  &  Belcher  on  both  the  1700  and  1900 
levels.  The  OBbiston  shaft  is  still  encountering  a  heavy 
flow  of  water,  the  pumps  raising  30  miners'  inches. 

North  Bonanza  and  Flowery.— The  water  tank  at  the 
300  level  of  the  joint  shaft  is  ready  to  calk  and  the  rock 
chute  is  completed.  An  engine  of  sufficient  capacity  to 
sink  2,000  ft  was  bought  yesterday,  and  will  soon  be  placed 
in  position.  The  north  drift  is  following  the  ledge  at  the 
rate  of  six  ft  per  day.  There  is  no  water  there  to  hinder 
operations. 

Belcher. — The  main  incline  is  now  125  ft  below  the 
2560  level.  The  south  drift  on  the  2560  level  is  averaging 
seven  ft  per  day. 

Utah. — Repairs  to  the  incline  during  the  past  week 
have  somewhat  delayed  operations  at  other  points.  A 
water  tank  has  been  put  in  near  the  bottom  of  the  incline, 
ao  as  to  be  in  readiness  when  the  standing  pumps  are  in 
place. 

Overman. — The  winze  from  the  1600  level  is  still  in  por- 
phyry containing  streaks  of  quartz,  which  are  increasing 
in  size  with  depth.  The  north  drift,  1600  level,  ia  in  soft 
vein  matter  from  which  some  water  seeps  in.  The  O  &  C 
Bhaft  is  down  470  ft  in  good  working  ground. 

Yellow  Jacket. — Put  in  the  new  air-compressor.  The 
engine  of  the  compressor  is  now  on  its  bed.  The  work  of 
putting  in  the  air  pipes  is  progressing  well. 

Hale  &  Norcross.— The  winze  from  the  east  drift,  2000 
level,  is  nearing  the  2100  level.  The  pumps  are  all  hold- 
ing the  water  below  the  2000  level. 

Crown  Point.— The  north  drift,  2500  level,  ia  still  skirt- 
ing the  ore  vein,  laying  it  bare  ready  for  crosscutting. 

Bullion. — An  airway  ia  being  cut  in  the  crosscut,  1S40 
level,  for  better  ventilation.  The  formation  encountered 
ia  still  porphyry  and  quartz.  The  foundation  stonea  for 
the  new  air  compressor  are  being  laid,  and  the  shaft  is 
undergoing  repairs  at  the  600  station. 

Bbbt  &  Belcher.—  The  general  overhauling  at  the 
Gould  &  Curry  last  week  interfered  with  work  in  the 
mine  somewhat,  but  operations  are  now  going  on  as 
usual.  A  joint  drift  is  being  run  with  Con.  Virginia  west 
on  the  1700  level  and  joint  crosscuts  east  with  the  Gould 
&  Curry  on  both  the  1700  and  1900  levels. 

Julia  Cos.— Pumping  to  the  surface  and  into  the  Sutro 
Tunnel.  The  sprung  and  twisted  reel  shaft  has  been  re- 
placed by  a  new  one.  The  bailing  tanks  have  been  taken 
out  of  the  shaft.  There  has  been  a  good  down  current  of 
air  again  given  to  the  north  compartment  of  the  shaft. 
The  2000  level  has  not  yet  been  freed  from  water. 

Mt.  Hood  &  Vancouver. — Last  evening  the  1400  level  of 
the  Mint  shaft  was  drained  and  the  water  was  taken  from 
the  sump  26  ft  below  that  level. 

Ward.— Work  in  the  east  crosscut,  800  level,  will  be 
resumed  the  last  of  this  week.  The  men  are  digging  the 
trench  for  the  water  pipe  from  the  tank  to  the  works.  The 
new  engine  will  start  as  soon  as  the  new  skeet  is  ready 
for  use. 

North  Con.  Virginia.— The  shaft  i a  still  encountering 
the  hardest  kind  of  rock,  but  making  three  ft  per  day.  It 
will  connect  with  the  upraise  from  the  1700  level  of  the 
Sierra  Nevada  in  about  10  days. 

Union  Con. — The  work  of  enlarging  and  retimbenng 
the  north  drift,  1450  level,  connecting  with  the  Sierra 
Nevada,  continues.  The  joint  Mexican  winze  from  the 
1600  level  is  down  278  Bt  on  the  slope,  in  hard  blasting 
porphyry. 

Ciiollar-Coubination  Shaft.— The  work  of  putting 
in  the  6-iuch  pipe  for  the  air  compressor  has  been  com- 
pleted, and  the  compressor  itself  is  being  put  in  place  as 
fast  as  possible. 

Justice.— At  the  old  Waller  Defeat  ground,  three  shifts 
of  seven  men  each  are  employed  extracting  ore  which  ia 
being  worked  at  the  PappooBe  mill.  The  capacity  of  this 
mill  is  20  tons  per  day,  and  it  ia  kept  running. 

Con.  Imperial.— South  drift,  2U0O  level,  to  connect  with 
the  old  workings  of  the  Yellow  Jacket,  is  in  60  ft,  and  in 
fine  looking  quartz. 

Lady  Bryan.— Sinking  below  the  600  level  as  usual. 
The  drifts  north  and  south  on  thi*  level  are  still  being 
driven  ahead  and  making  good  progress.  The  one  to  the 
south  ia  in  very  fine  looking  quartz,  hut  of  low  grad*- 
The  one  north  is  outside  the  quartz  formation,  hut  11  ■till 
In  the  vein. 
Lsviathas.— The  face  of  the  north  lateral  drift  on  tne 


[Continued  on  Page  172.] 


166 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[March  15,  1879. 


The  Troublesome  Teredo. 

[Written  for  the  Press  by  W.  A.  Lawson.  ] 

His  Habits  and  Associates. 
The  teredo,  or  as  it  is  more  commonly  called, 
the  ship-worm,  was  formerly  supposed  to  be  a 
native  of  the  tropical  seas  and  to  have  been 
carried  by  ships  into  the  colder  waters,  as  it  is 
now  found  along  the  northern  coasts  of  Europe 
and  America,  and  is  in  many  places  exceedingly 
destructive.  But  this  belief  has  been  recently 
proved  to  be  erroneous.  In  the  course  of  some 
excavations  made  at  Belfast,  the  trunks  of  a 
tree,  entirely  riddled  by  the  teredo,  was  found 
twelve  feet  below  the  surface,  in  strata  of  an 
age  long  previous  to  the  days  of  navigation, 
and  fossil  woods,  once  the  home  of  the  teredo, 
have  been  found  in  many  other  localities,  at 
considerable  depths  ;  facts  which  prove  that  the 
teredo  has  inhabited  from  a  remote  period  the 
waters  of  the  temperate  zone.  The  most  fam- 
iliar species  is  the  teredo  navalis,  which  has  al- 
ways been  met  with  in  the  Bay  of  San  Fran- 
cisco. 

The  teredo  has  of  late  years  been  the  subject 
of  much  study  by  some  naturalists,  and  much 
thought  has  been  expended  and  many  experi- 
ments made  in  the  attempt  to  devise  means  of 
protection  from  its  ravages.  In  waters  where 
this  pest  abounds,  a  solid  stick  of  timber,  un- 
protected, becomes  completely  honeycombed  in 
a  year  or  two  and  may  be  broken  by  the  slight- 
est shock. 

At  Norfolk  Navy  Yard,  a  piece  of  wood, 
which  had  been  immersed  iu  sea-water  only 
eight  days,  was  penetrated  by  a  teredo  to  the 
depth  of  one-eighth  of  an  inch.  They  are  so 
small  when  they  enter  the  wood  as  to  be  almost 
invisible  to  the  naked  eye.  The  worm,  as  it 
may  be  called  for  convenience,  enters  at  right 
angles  to  the  grain  until  fairly  into  the  wood, 
and  afterwards  excavates  in  a  direction  parallel 
with  the  fibers,  diverging  only  to  avoid  some 
obstruction  in  its  path.  When  full  grown  they 
measure  from  one  to  two  and  a  half  feet  in 
length.  It  makes  its  home  in  the  wood  and  de- 
rives its  food  entirely  from  the  water.  As  it 
grows  it  constantly  extends  its  cell  or  gallery, 
but  avoids  an  intrusion  into  the  lodging  of  an- 
other. 

The  teredo's  method  of  perforation  has  been 
a  matter  of  dispute,  but  late  researches  have 
shown  that  its  excavations  are  accomplished  by 
means  of  a  partial  rotary  motion  imparted  to  its 
bivalve  shell.  This  shell  is  attached  to  or  forms 
part  of  the  larger  or  superior  extremity  of  the 
teredo,  which  does  all  the  boring.  Through 
the  inferior  extremity  which  is  constantly  pro- 
truded into  the  sea,  the  teredo  sucks  up  and 
circulates  through  its  system,  by  means  of  sy- 
phon  tubes,  a  constant  current  of  water,  con- 
taining the  infusoria  upon  which  it  lives.  It  is 
hardly  possible  to  apply  the  terms  head  and 
tail  to  a  mollusk  which  bores  at  oue  end  and 
feeds  at  the  Other.  A  muscular  organ,  called  by 
naturalists  its  foot,  and  by  which  it  holds  itself 
firmly  against  the  head  of  its  gallery,  while  bor- 
ing, projects  from  between  the  valves  of  the 
shell  at  that  end  of  the  teredo,  which  one  would 
naturally  call  the  head.  The  worm  has  a  com- 
plicated muscular  system  for  a  creature  whose 
whole  life  is  devoted  to  the  making  of  a  hole 
and  to  tilling  it  with  its  own  growth.  The  cells 
made  by  it  are  commonly  from  one-quarter  to 
one-third  of  an  inch  in  diameter  at  the  larger 
end,  gradually  increasing  in  size  from  the  min- 
ute orifice  by  which  its  entrance  was  effected. 
Thus  the  teredo  makes  its  home  a  prison  that  it 
never  leaves.  And  so  a  timber  whose  surface 
may  show  no  sign,  of  its  depredations  may  be 
completely  riddled  within.  At  first  sight,  the 
teredo  would  appear  to  have  accomplished  the 
problem  of  pulling  its  hole  in  after  it. 

Another  timber-worm,  still  more  destructive 
in  its  action,  is  of  the  order  isopoda  and  genus 
limnoria.  The  best  known  species  is  the  L. 
terebrans,  much  smaller  than  the  teredo,  being 
at  maturity  only  from  one-fifth  to  one-half  of 
au  inch  iu  length.  The  limnoria  penetrates  at 
right  angles  to  the  line  of  the  fibers  and  pursues 
its  course  across  the  grain  of  the  wood.  Count- 
less numbers  of  these  limnoria  attacking  a  pile 
from  all  sides,  eat  almost  into  the  heart  of  the 
timber,  so  that  it  may  be  broken  by  a  slight  lat- 
eral strain.  T.  J.  Arnold,  Engineer  to  the  Har- 
bor Commissioners,  in  his  report  made  to  the 
Board  in  February,  1S73,  states  that  the  limno- 
ria had  only  recently  made  its  appearance  in  our 
waters.  Since  which  time  it  has  become  as 
troublesome  as  the  teredo. 

Still  another  timber  destroyer  now  inhabits 
our  waters.  Mr.  J.  R.  Scupham,  Asst.  Engineer 
of  the  C.  P.  B.  R.j  discovered  it  about  two 
years  ago  in  San  Francisco  bay,  and  it  seems  to 
be  fast  increasing  in  numbers.  This  last  arrival 
is  a  crustacean  of  the  genus  chiktra,  and  species 
terebrans.  It  is  much  larger  than  the  limnoria. 
aud  attacks  timber  in  the  same  way,  by  cutting 
across  the  grain  of  the  wood.  From  the  fact 
that  it  enters  the  piles  just  above  the  mud,  it 
may  do  great  injury  before  its  presence  is  known 
or  even  suspected.  What  its  fate  may  be  in 
our  waters  it  is  impossible  to  determine.  It  is 
supposed  to  have  been  brought  here  by  shipping 
from  Australian  ports. 

Neither  the  teredo  nor  the  limnoria  will 
thrive  in  brackish  waters.  They  require  sea 
water,  free  from  all  impurities,  and  avoid  places 
where  the  water  is  contaminated  by  the  dis- 
charge from  sewers.     They  do   not  attack  piles 


while  the  bark  remains  on,  but  wherever  the 
timber  becomes  exposed  there  they  enter  ;  with 
this  difference  :  the  teredo  always  penetrates 
from  below  low-water  mark,  while  the  limnoria 
most  frequently  attacks  just  below  the  line  of 
high  water.  It  is  thought  that  the  latter  likes 
to  take  the  sea  air  between  tides.  The  Com- 
missioners state  that  in  the  harbor  of  San  Fran- 
cisco the  bark  protects  the  piles  for  about  two 
years,  and  that  in  the  course  of  five  years  more 
they  have  to  be  renewed. 

In  the  archives  of  Holland,  is  preserved  a 
paper  by  Dr.  E.  H.  Von  Baumhauer  (of  which 
a  translation  appeared  in  the  Popidar  Science 
Monthly  ior  August  and  September,  1878,)  con- 
taining a  description  of  many  methods  for  the 
preservation  of  timber,  that  were  tested  in 
Holland,  under  the  direction  of  the  Eoyal 
Academy  of  Sciences  of  Amsterdam.  Of  these 
methods  were  two  classes  :  coatings  applied  to 
the  surface  of  wood,  or  modifications  of  the  sur- 
face itself  ;  and  impregnation  of  wood  with  dif- 
ferent substances  which  modify  the  interior  as 
well  as  the  surface  of  the  wood.  Of  the  first 
class,  eight  processes  were  submitted  to  the 
Commission,  including  metallic  paint  ;  mixture 
of  coal  tar,  resin  and  sulphur,  applied  hot ; 
paraffine  varnish ;  coal  tar,  applied  cold  in 
successive  layers  ;  turpentine  ;  linseed  oil ;  color 
paints,  and  charring  the  surface  of  the  wood. 
Specimens  of  wood  treated  by  these  processes 
were  placed  in  sea  water  in  May,  1869.  An  ex- 
amination made  six  months  afterwards  con- 
vinced the  Commission  that  none  of  them  were 
effective,  and  that  no  mere  exterior  application 
could  guarantee  protection.  Of  methods  of 
impregnating  wood,  they  examined  the  follow- 
ing :  Sulphate  of  copper,  green  vitriol,  acetate 
of  lead,  silicate  of  lime,  oil  of  peat,  and  oil  of 
creosote.  The  only  one  of  these  that  found  favor 
with  the  Commission  was  that  which  employed 
the  oil  of  creosote.  They  concluded  that  mere 
external  coatings  were  insufficient,  as  they  were 
likely  to  be  injured  by  mechanical  means  or 
were  dissolved  by  the  water.  As  soon  as  the 
smallest  surface  became  exposed,  the  teredo 
penetrated.  Impregnation  with  soluble  salts  is 
ineffective,  because  they  are  dissolved  by  the 
action  of  the  sea  water.  In  employing  the  oil 
of  creosote,  it  is  necessary  that  it  be  of  good 
quality,  the  impregnation  thorough,  and  such 
woods  be  used  as  will  absorb  oil  readily. 
These  conclusions  were  confirmed  by  subsequent 
experiments  of  Belgian  and  French  engineers. 
It  is  to  be  regretted  that  the  Holland  Com- 
mission made  no  experiments  with  petroleum. 
It  was  recommended  to  the  Commission,  but  on 
account  of  its  high  price  at  the  time,  it  was 
thought  useless  to  try  it.  This  substance,  now 
so  cheap  (selling  in  Pennsylvania  at  about  two 
and  a  half  cents  per  gallon)  and  abundant  in 
California,  might  make  a  most  effective  preser- 
vative if  properly  used.  Some  of  the  heavy 
California  oil,  which  thickens  on  being  exposed, 
d  changes  in^o  a  substance  called  maltha, 
(allied  to-  asphaltum),  would  seem  well  suited 
to  the  purpose.  Whatever  process  is  used,  it 
appears  to  be  essential  that  the  sap  be  thor- 
oughly expelled  from  the  wood,  and  the  albu- 
men that  remains  be  coagulated  by  heat  before 
the  impregnation  is  effected. 

The  cost  of  the  oil  of  creosote  will  probably 
prevent  its  general  use  for  this  purpose.  It  is 
obtained  by  the  distillation  of  coal  tar,  and  is 
sold  in  the  Eastern  market  at  about  six  cents 
per  gallon.  It  is  not  manufactured  here,  and 
the  crude  coal  tar  commands  a  higher  price  in 
this  market.  One  gallon  of  creosote  oil  is  re- 
quired for  each  cubic  foot  of  wood.  Various 
preservative  methods  employing  creosote  have 
been  tried  in  San  Francisco,  called  respectively, 
the  Seely,  Robbins,  and  Woods  processes,  but 
none  have  been  satisfactory  to  the  Harbor  Com- 
missioners. 

A  San  Francisco  company  propose  to  erect 
works  for  the  preservation  of  timber  by  the 
Thilmany  process,  which  employs  sulphate  of 
copper,  with  the  addition  of  chloride  of  barium, 
forming  sulphate  of  baryta,  which  is  claimed  to 
be  insoluble  in  water.  Of  all  the  processes 
tested  by  our  Harbor  Commissioners,  this  is 
the  only  one  which  has  so  far  proved  efficacious. 
They  have  a  piece  of  Michigan  pine  which  was 
treated  by  the  Thilmany  process,  and  placed  in 
the  water  of  the  Bay,  beside  a  piece  of  the  same 
wood,  unprotected.  After  an  exposure  of  two 
years,  the  pieces  were  taken  up,  and  the  one  so 
treated  found  intact,  while  the  other  was  com- 
pletely riddled  by  the  teredo.  The  Commis- 
sioners are  not  sure  that  the  process  would  be 
efficacious  with  the  Oregon  fir,  in  use  in  our 
waters.  They  are  giving  some  other  pieces  of 
wood,  treated  by  the  Thilmany  process,  a  longer 
test. 

San  Francisco,  March,  1S79. 


Pacific  Coast  Exchange. — A  corporation, 
says  the  New  York  Evening  Post,  has  been  re- 
cently organized  in  that  city  for  the  general 
representation  here  of  Pacific  Coast  interests. 
It  is  called  the  Pacific  Coast  Exchange.  The 
intention  is  to  have  in  this  Exchange  a  collec- 
tion of  specimens  of  all  the  products  of  Cali- 
fornia, Oregon  and  Nevada  ;  also,  offices  for  all 
the  railroad  companies  connected  with  those 
States,  and  for  other  corporations  interested  in 
that  territory.  Pacific  Coast  newspapers  are  to 
be  kept  on  file,  and  the  rooms  are,  generally,  to 
be  the  headquarters  of  the  business  of  that  sec- 
tion in  New  York.  Negotiations,  by  the  cor- 
poration, are  in  progress  for  the  lease  of  No.  734 
Broadway,  a  brick  building,  25xl37i,  with  orna- 
mental iron  front,  and  comprising  five  stories, 
with  a  basement  and  sub-basement,  for  the 
above  purpose. 


Fish  Farming. 

Our  State  has  made  no  small  progress, 
during  the  year,  in  stocking  public  and  private 
waters  with  fish,  and  those  who  breed  carp  say 
that  their  stock  has  been  much  reduced  by  the 
demands  of  new  water  farmers.  The  work  of 
our  fish  commission  is  already  bearing  fruit  in 
the  large  catch  of  desirable  fish  introduced  by 
them.  The  public  and  private  development  of 
our  resources  in  this  direction  can  well  go  on, 
until  ponds  and  rivers  rival  adjacent  fertile 
fields  in  the  amounts  of  food  they  yield  for  the 
support  of  man.  This  subject  is  urged  in  all 
States  which  have  energetic  fish  commissions  at 
work,  and  the  awakening  to  water  farming  as 
an  adjunct  to  land  farming,  is  quite  wide- 
spread. We  notice  that  Hon.  Robert  B.  Roose- 
velt, a  member  of  the  New  York  State  fish 
commission,  has  been  addressing  the  New  York 
farmers'  club  upon  the  chances  for  (rood  yields 
from  their  waters  as  well  as  their  fields,  and 
some  of  his  points  are  of  general  application.  If 
the  farmer  can  add  to  his  usual  crops  a  crop  of 
fish,  he  will  be  benefiting  his  neighbors  as  well 
as  himself.  To  do  so  may  seem  to  many  at  first 
glance  a  difficult  operation,  but  not  half  as 
much  so  as  making  the  broad  acres  "laugh  with 
a  harvest"  seems  to  the  inexperienced.  Fish 
farming  has  its  rules  and  limits,  precisely  as 
land  farming  has,  but  is  simpler  and  far  more 
productive.  From  a  single  mature  fish  millions 
of  young  may  be  produced.  A  sturgeon  contains 
nearly  ten  millions  of  eggs,  cod  and  herring 
millions,  shad  hundreds  of  thousands,  and  even 
trout  and  bass  several  thousands.  With  good 
management  these  can  all  be  hatched,  and  in 
some  cases  in  very  few  days.  Once  hatched, 
and  fish  provide  for  themselves;  they  need  no 
food  or  care,  they  convert  worthless  insects  or 
waste  water-grasses  into  human  food.  The 
trout  or  bass  from  a  farmer's  pond  costs  him 
nothing  but  the  trouble  of  catching,  and  com- 
pares in  excellence  on  his  table  with  his  best 
poultry,  to  say  nothing  of  pork  that  has  been 
fed  twice  a  day  for  mouths.  The  only  loss  of 
time  or  labor  is  in  the  catching,  and  to  reduce 
that  it  is  only  necessary  to  make  the  fish  abund- 
ant. 

There  is  a  fish,  we  well  remember  to  have 
pulled  it  from  New  York  waters,  which  Mr. 
Roosevelt  pronounces  especially  fitted  fur 
farmers'  ponds.  It  is  the  fresh-water  bass, 
and,  if  we  mistake  not,  our  California  commis- 
sioners have  already  introduced  it  in  this  State. 
If  so,  it  may,  in  course  of  time,  be  available  for 
farmers'  ponds.  'Mr.  Roosevelt  says  it  is  possi- 
bly even  more  valuable  than  the  trout  for  the 
farmer's  use.  It  is  not  so  exacting  iu  the  char- 
acter of  the  water  in  which  it  will  live,  and  will 
grow  more  rapidly;  more  important  still,  it  needs 
no  culture  or  care  whatever,  or  any  time.  The 
narents,  which  are  fairly  prolific,  lay  their  eggs 
in  a  sort  of  nest  and  watch  over  them  till 
they  are  hatched.  Bass  have  never  failed  to 
increase  rapidly  where  they  have  been  intro- 
duced, and  they  are  suited  to  almost  any  pond. 
These  are  especially  the  fish  to  be  used  where 
water  farming  is  to  be  combined  with  land  farm- 
ing in  the  simplest  and  easiest  way.  ^Nothing 
is  required  but  to  place  a  few  pair  of  mature 
fish,  which  can  be  easily  transported  in  any 
water  they  are  expected  to  populate,  and  they 
will  attend  to  the  rest  themselves.  They  can 
hold  their  own  with  any  other  species,  even 
against  the  dreaded  pickerel ;  they  increase 
rapidly  and  grow  quickly,  and  as  human  food 
they  are  excellent. 

It  is  hardly  the  right  season  of  the  year  now 
to  make  fish  ponds,  but  it  is  well  to  begin  early 
with  the  plans  and  estimates,  so  that  all  may 
be  ready  when  the  harvest  is  secured,  to  shape 
the  dry  basin  into  a  pond,  to  be  filled  when  next 
winter's  rains  swell  the  streams. 


Sonora  Anthracite  Coal. 

About  a  year  ago,  a  large  deposit  of  excellent 
anthracite  coal  was  discovered  near  Barranca, 
Sonora,  and  it  has  been  used  with  satisfaction 
at  the  Barranca  mill,  which  is  engaged  in  the 
pulverization  of  ores.  The  mine  is  six  and  a 
half  miles  from  the  mill,  and  in  the  vicinity  of 
several  mining  towns.  The  approaches  from 
Gnaymas,  from  which  it  is  distant  125  miles, 
are  almost  entirely  level,  and  there  is  but  a 
moderate  grade  from  San  Antonio.  The  dip  of 
the  coal-beds  approximates  to  10  degrees,  the 
course  being  northeast.  So  far,  an  incline  70 
feet  long  has  been  excavated,  all  the  way  in  an- 
thracite perfectly  free  from  slate.  The  roof  is 
composed  of  excellent  fire-clay.  It  is  considered 
by  the  engineer  of  the  Barranca  mill  superior  to 
Pennsylvania  anthracite,  and  he  testifies  that 
it  gives  no  clinkers.  Gen.  W.  S.  Rosecrans 
reports  on  a  specimen  brought  to  San  Francisco 
that  the  specific  gravity  is  1.77,  whereas  that 
of  Pennsylvania  anthracite  is  about  1.5.  Mr. 
W.  Bruckner,  M.  E.,  states  that  an  analysis  of 
the  coal  shows  it  to  have  but  2£%  ash.  He 
thinks  this  Sonora  anthracite  belongs  to  a  much 
older  formation  than  the  anthracite  coal  of  New 
Mexico,  described  by  him  in  Prof.  R.  W.  Ray- 
mond's report  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury 
in  1870;  in  fact,  he  thinks  it  is  sub- carbonifer- 
ous, or  older  than  the  Pennsylvania  deposits. 
We  have  no  particulars  of  the  grounds  upon 
which  this  opinion  is  based,  but  the  appearance 
of  the  coal  does  not  apparently  confirm  it. — 
Arizona  Sentinel. 


Tribute  to  American  Explorers. 

The  following  tribute  to  American  explorers 
is  from  the  pen  of  Prof.  T.  C.  Archer,  Director 
of  the  Museum  of  Science  and  Art,  Edinburg, 
and  Ctntennial  Commissioner  from  Great  Brit- 
ain: 

There  is  nothing  in  the  history  of  the  human 
race  more  remarkable  than  the  rapidity  with 
which  the  wilds  of  Western  America  have  been 
explored  and  added  to  the  domains  of  civilized 
man.  Midle-aged  men  can  remember  the  first 
great  rush  to  the  Californian  gold  diggings,  and 
the  export  from  this  country  of  iron  houses  for 
the  shelter  of  the  miners  where  now  a  splendid 
and  populous  city  exists,  and  is  the  resort  of 
travelers  from  all  parts  of  the  world;  whilst  in 
a  marvelously  small  space  of  time  the  great 
State  of  which  that  city  is  the  capital,  has  be- 
come one  of  the  most  fertile  and  wealthy  in  the 
great  Republic,  aud  is  now  connected  with  the 
eastern  shores  of  the  continent  by  2,000  miles 
of  railway.  The  spirit  of  enterprise,  no  doubt, 
has  had  much  to  do  with  this  wonderful  pro- 
gress; but  the  far-sighted  and  liberal  spirit  of 
the  United  States  Government  has  made  the 
task  comparatively  easy.  The  careful  but  en- 
ergetic surveys,  both  geographical  and  geologi- 
cal, which  have  been  working  for  years  past, 
have  made  the  best  routes  known,  and,  in  fact, 
have  opened  up  the  heart  of  the  country,  and 
made  the  most  distant  and  the  most  desert 
parts  accessible.  Fortunately  for  the  Govern- 
ment and  the  country,  men  of  the  greatest  fit- 
ness for  the  task  were  selected,  and  the  great 
extent  of  the  work  they  have  done  proves  their 
industry,  as  well  as  the  nature  of  it  shows  their 
great  abilities.  TheAtlasof  Coloradoandportions 
of  adjacent  territory,  is  one  of  the  most  mas- 
terly works  in  chartography  which  any  country 
has  produced,  and  its  compact  arrangement  will 
make  it  a  welcome  addition  to  every  library. 
It  consists  of  20  double  folio  sheets,  of  which 
two  are  filled  with  cleverly  outlined  panoramic 
views  of  the  country  surveyed,  aud  two  others 
give  the  sections  of  the  same  geologically  col- 
ored. Twelve  are  devoted  to  the  six  divisions 
into  which  Colorado  is  divided,  one-half  of 
them  giving  the  topographical  and  the  other 
half  the  geological  features  of  the  country.  There 
is,  iu  addition,  a  map  showing  the  triangulation 
of  thecountry,  anotbershowingthenaturaldrain- 
age,  an  economic  map  indicating  the  agricul- 
tural, pasture  and  forest  lands,  and  the  locality 
of  coal-bearing  and  metalliferous  strata.  Of 
the  execution  of  these  maps  it  is  impossible  to 
speak  too  highly.  Tfiey  have  been  produced  by 
the  talented  and  indefatigable  chief  of  the  sur- 
veys, Prof.  F.  V.  Hayden,  and  are  a  part  of  a 
series  of  the  reports  and  transactions  of  the 
Survey  Department,  some  oE  which  we  hope  to 
draw  attention  to  from  time  to  time,  as  they 
can  generally  be  consulted  in  public  libraries, 
to  which  the  United  .States  Government  extends 
its  liberality. 

A    Joint     Resolution    of    Thanks     to     Dr. 
Hayden. 

The  following  joint  resolution  of  thanks  to 
Prof.  Hayden  and  his  assistants  for  their  *'Ac- 
curate  and  Comprehensive  Survey  of  Colorado," 
was  recently  adopted  by  the  Colorado  Legisla- 
ture. 

Wiikheas,  The  geological  and  geographical  survey  of 
the  Territories  of  the  United  States,  made  under  the  gen- 
eral government,  has  been  completed  for  the  area  embrac- 
ing the  State  of  Colorado;   and 

Whereas,  The  publication  of  the  reports,  views  and 
maps  of  this  survey  form  a  collection  invaluable  alike  for 
the  advancement  of  science  and  the  development  of  the 
mining  and  agricultural  interests  of  this  State. 

llctoloed,  That  the  thanks  of  this  Assembly  are  hereby 
tendered  to  Dr.  F.  V.  Hayden,  United  States  Geologist 
in  charge  of  the  survey,  and  his  assistants  for  the  merit 
of  their  contributions  to  the  successful  achievement  of 
this  great  work. 

RchoIvccL,  That  a  copy  of  this  resolution  engrossed  on 
parchment  shall  be  presented  to  Dr.  F.  V.  Hayden. 


A  Report  ox  the  Darien  Canal. — To  ob- 
tain a  conclusive  report  upon  the  practicability 
of  cutting  a  channel  through  the  Isthmus  of 
Darien,  a  French  company,  with  the  approval 
of  the  Geographical  Society  of  Paris  and  the 
Society  of  Commercial  Geography,  despatched  a 
survey  expedition  under  the  leadership  of  Lieut. 
Wyse,  of  the  French  Engineers,  who  had  al- 
ready spent  many  years  on  the  isthmus  for  a 
similar  purpose.  We  learn  from  a  foreign  ex- 
change that,  after  two  years'  surveying  this 
officer  has  lately  returned,  bringing  with  him 
the  completest  surveys  that  have  yet  been  made 
of  six  of  the  most  promising  canal  routes,  one  of 
which  passes  through  Nicaragua,  while  the 
other  five  are  in  Columbia,  where  the  lowest 
gradients  and  the  shortest  routes  occur.  Al- 
though the  level  of  the  two  oceans  differs  but 
slightly,  the  nature  of  the  intervening  country 
is  such  as  to  render  it  impossible,  according  to 
Lieut.  Wyse,  to  dispense  with  locks  or  tunnel- 
ing, or  both,  on  any  of  the  routes  he  has  sur- 
veyed. 

Compressing  Bran. — We  recently  referred  to 
some  successful  experiments  in  compressing 
flour.  We  now  learn  that  some  Minneapolis 
millers  are  experimenting  with  machinery  for 
compressing  bran,  for  the  purpose  of  shipment 
to  Europe.  It  is  believed  that  it  can  be  so 
compressed  as  to  get  as  much  weight  into  a 
given  package  as  the  same    would  hold  of  Hour. 


Phosphide  of  calcium  on  becoming  wet  will 
give  off  spontaneously  combustible  phosphoret- 
ed  hydrogen,  thus  .emitting  light.  This  is  the 
principal  ingredient  used  in  the  distress  and 
guiding  signals  thrown  into  the  water  from  a 
sinking  ship,  principally  to  guide  those  in  the 
water  to  the  boats. 


March  15,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


167 


Central  American  Telegraphs  and  Rail- 
ways. 

The  telegraph  lines  of  Nicaragua  and  Honduras 
have  lately  been  joined  together  by  the  comple- 
tion of  the  missing  link  in  Nicaragua  territory 
between  Chichigalpa  and  the  boundary  be- 
tween the  two  countries  at  Rio  Negro.  Tale* 
graphic  communication  is  thus  complete  through- 
out the  four  Republics  of  Costa  Rica,  Nicara- 
gua, Guatemala  and  Honduras,  from  San  .luau 
del  Sur  to  Mexico.  A  moderate  tariff  is  to  be 
enforced  for  through  messages. 

In  Honduras  further  extensions  of  the  tele- 
graph system  are  being  made,  aud  150  miles  of 
new  wire  are  in  course  of  completion,  in  addi- 
tion to  the  500  already  opened. 

Thia  republic  is  giving  further  evidence  of  its 
desire  to  advance  by  organizing  an  "exhibition" 
on  a  modest  scale,  which  was  open  for  a  short 
period  towards  the  end  of  last  year.  Happy 
augury  for  the  bondholders  !  Honduras  bonds 
at  £3  per  £100  bond  !  Honduras  having  an  ex- 
hibition ! 

The  Government  of  Costa  Rica  is  encourag- 
ing the  introduction  of  immigrants  fur  the  pur- 
l  onatrueting  railways  011  the  Atlantic 
coast,  and  improving  the  communication  be- 
tween the  terminus  at  Paouore  and  the  inteiior 
by  meaus  of  carriage  roads.  The  carriage  road 
from  San  Jose  to  Las  Palmas  and  the  river  Su- 
cio  is  being  rapidly  pressed  forward.  Of  the 
total  length  of  about  SO  miles  only  2!)  miles  ure  re- 
quired to  complete  the  work,  by  which  a  saving 
of  20  miles  will  be  effected,  compared  with  the 
old  apology  for  a  road  via  Cartago.  A  new 
port  is  being  constructed  on  the  Pacific  coast, 
at  Cocos,  on  the  Bay  of  Calebras.  The  erection 
of  public  offices  and  other  works  has  been  or- 
dered by  the  government,  and  the  port  will  be, 
for  the  present  at  least,  entirely  free  from  all 
harbor,  light,  anchorage  and  other  dues. — Brit- 
ish Trad?  Journal. 

Prehistoric  Remains. — George  Carr  and 
others,  mining  on  Lynx  creek,  says  the  Arizona 
Miner,  have  unearthed  a  bonanza  of  human  re- 
mains and  curiosities  consisting  of  jaw-bones, 
ollas,  beads,  stone-knives,  metat-stones,  etc. 
The  beads  are  interspersed  with  curiously 
wrought  pendants,  or  Hat  pieces  of  blue  and 
green  stones  of  very  diminutive  size,  each 
punched  or  drilled  in  one  edge  or  corner.  The 
beads  are  of  irregular  sizes,  but  all  quite  small, 
some  black,  some  white,  and  others  of  various 
shapes  and  colors,  and  when  strung  as  they  are 
now,  by  the  finders,  form  a  very  curious  and 
unique  specimen  of  the  ornaments,  or  perhaps 
charms  of  a  bygone  aud  unknown  age.  Per- 
haps the  strangest  and  most  interesting  phe- 
nomenon of  the  collection  is  a  jaw-bone,  which 
in  shape,  size  and  every  other  feature  except 
that  it  has  not,  and  evidently  never  had  but 
three  or  four  teeth,  aud  they  directly  in  front, 
is  that  of  a  human  jaw.  Whether  its  possessor 
in  his  lifetime  was  a  grass-eater,  which  after 
biting  it  off  he  swaUowed  whole  and  afterwards 
chewed  his  cud,  or  whether  this  is  an  excep- 
tional case,  and  a  deformity,  some  one  more 
learned  in  anatomy  than  we,  will  have  to  deter- 
mine. The  metat-stones  are  of  malpice  and 
very  small.  These  relics  were  found  on  the 
top  of  the  hard  cement  or  false  bedrock,  some 
four  feet  from  the  surface  of  the  ground. 

A  Petrified  Human  Hand. —  A  curiosity 
which  astonished  scientists  and  puzzled  them 
to  account  for  is  now  on  exhibition  in  Gould's 
cabinet  at  Mill  City.  It  is  a  perfectly  formed 
hand,  which,  apparently,  belonged  to  a  boy 
about  14  years  of  age.  The  hand  is  open,  the 
fingers  being  slightly  bent  toward  the  palm,  on 
which  the  thumb  rests.  The  back  of  the  hand 
seems  to  have  been  crushed  or  decomposed  be- 
fore it  was  petrified,  but  the  palm,  thumb  and 
fingers  are  perfect.  We  were  informed  that  it 
was  found  at  the  sulphur  beds  near  Rabbit 
Hole,  by  one  of  the  men  employed  in  shoveling 
crude  sulphur  into  the  refining  retort,  and  is 
supposed  to  have  been  imbedded  in  the  sulphur 
bank  for  ages.  The  fingers  are  comparatively 
short,  a  fact  which  indicates  that  it  did  not  be- 
long to  an  Indian,  as  the  red  men's  fingers  are 
generally  longer  than  those  of  the  white;  but 
the  thumb  is  rather  longer  than  the  average. 
To  what  race  the  owner  of  the  hand  belonged, 
and  how  and  when  it  was  imbedded  in  the  sul- 
phur, will  probably  remain  unknown,  unless 
some  scientist  should  investigate  the  hand  and 
the  sulphur  bank  where  it  was  found  and  ex- 
plain these  mysteries. —  Winnemucca,  (Nev.), 
Silver  State. 


The  New  Goloid  Dollar. — The  first  speci- 
men of  the  metric  gold  double  eagle  on  the 
goloid  principle,  of  the  full  value  of  $20,  coined 
at  the  Philadelphia  United  States  Mint,  has 
been  received  at  the  Treasury  department.  It 
is  a  beautiful  coin  of  the  size  of  the  old  double 
eagle,  having  a  very  rich  hue.  The  design  of 
the  obverse  side  is  a  head  of  Liberty  surmount 
€d  by  13  stars,  between  which  is  the  metric  in. 
acription  "30g.  1.5s.  3.5c.  35  grains,"  below 
which  is  1879.  On  the  reverse  is  the  double 
eagle,  surmounted  by  the  words  "United  States 
of  America"  and  a  circlet  of  13  stars  emblazoned. 
Within  the  circlet  is  the  Latin  inscription 
"Deo  est  Gloria,"  in  a  scroll  held  by  the  eagle 
the  words  "E  Pluribus  Unum,"  meaning,  when 
translated,  "The  United  States  of  America— to 
God  is  the  Glory — of  many  one."  Beneath  this 
the  words  "twenty  dollars."  The  coin  has 
been  handed  over  to  A.  H.  Stephens,  Chairman 
of  the  Committee  on  Coinage.  It  is  patented 
by  William  Wheeler  Hubbell,  and  is  the  com- 
panion coin  of  the  goloid  dollar. 


UsEpji.    InpanpivrioN. 


Fresh  and  Stale  Bread. 

The  celebrated  French  chemist,  M.  Houssin- 
gault,  has  recently  investigated  the  nature  of 
the  change  which  bread  undergoes  when  it 
becomes  stale.  I'p  to  the  present  time  this  hss 
not  been  well  understood, 

A  circular  loaf,  12  inches  in  diameter  and  six 
inches  thick,  was  taken  from  an  oven  heated  to 
240°  Reaumor,  and  a  thermometer  immediately 
forced  three  inches  into  it.  The  thermometer 
indicated  78  i;.  r2u::>  F.)  The  loaf  was  then 
taken  to  a  room  at  a  temperature  of  L5  K.  (66 
I'.),  and  was  found  to  weigh  seven  and  a  half 
pounds.  In  1*2  hours  the  temperature  of  the 
loaf  sank  to  19°  R.  (73  P.),  in  24  hours  to  1"> 
(66  P.),  and  in 36  hours  to  14'  (63.6°  F.),  In 
the  first  48  hours  it  lost  only  two  ounces  in 
freight  After  six  days  the  loaf  was  again  put 
in  the  oven,  and  when  the  thermometer  indicat- 
ed that  its  temperature  had  risen  to  55  It.  1 15fj 
K.I,  it  was  cut,  and  was  found  to  be  as  fresh, 
and  to  possess  the  same  qualities,  as  if  it  had 
been  taken  out  of  the  oven  for  the  first  time; 
but  it  had  uow  lost  1*2  ounces  in  weight.  Ex- 
periments were  also  made  on  slices  of  the  loaf 
with  similar  results',  proving  that  new  bread 
ditl'ers  from  old,  not  by  containing  a  larger  pro- 
portion of  water,  but  by  a  peculiar  molecular 
condition.  This  commences  and  continues  to 
change  during  cooling,  but  by  again  heating  the 
bread  to  a  certain  temperature  it  is  restored  to 
its  original  state.  It  is  this  mechanical  state 
which  makes  new  bread  less  digestible  than 
old.  The  former  is  so  soft,  elastic,  and  glut- 
inous in  all  its  parts  that  ordinary  mastication 
fails  to  reduce  it  to  a  sulticiently  divided  condi- 
tion. It  forms  itself  into  hard  balls,  which  are 
almost  unaffected  by  the  gastric  juice.  These 
balls  often  remain  in  the  stomach,  and,  like 
foreign  bodies,  irritate  and  discommode  it, 
inducing  all  sorts  of  unpleasant  feelings. 

Electro-Bronzing  on  iron  has  been  brought 
to  a  high  state  of  perfection  by  the  Philadelphia 
Smelting  Company.  This  company  has  taken 
out  patents  covering  the  process  for  putting  on 
iron  a  durable  eltciro-bronze  finish,  which  is 
claimed  to  possess  the  beauty  aud  finish  of  real 
bronze  at  a  very  much  lower  cost,  and  to  be 
wholly  unaffected  in  color,  etc.,  by  the  action 
of  the  atmosphere.  The  following  is  the  process 
adopted:  The  articles  to  be  bronzed  are  first 
put  in  a  bath  of  pararliue,  which  stops  further 
oxidation;  they  are  then  coated  with  a  metallic 
substance  and  subjected  to  the  electro-bronzing 
bath,  after  which  they  are  treated  with  a 
peculiar  protecting  varnish,  and  are  then  ready 
for  use.  The  metallic  substance  with  which 
the  articles  are  coated  is  called  "  Deoxidized 
Bronze,"  and  is  claimed  to  possess  in  a  remark- 
able degree  all  those  features  for  which  alloys 
are  valuable.  It  is  composed  entirely  of  copper 
and  tin,  the  peculiarities  in  the  resulting  texture 
being  entirely  due  to  to  the  flux  used  and  the 
method  of  treatment.  It  is  said  to  possess  su- 
perior malleability,  approaching  gold  alloys  in 
this  respect,  while  its  tenacity  and  solidity  are 
very  great.  Specimens  eight  inches  long  admit 
of  being  doubled  up  without  apparent  injury  to 
the  structure.  It  flows  readily,  is  easily  handled 
by  ordinary  workmen,  and  is  capable  of  re- 
working from  old  scrap.  It  is  also  receptive  of 
a  high,  smooth  finish,  wears  well,  and  is  largely 
used  for  machine  journals,  car  bearings,  and 
other  purposes  of  a  similar  nature,  where  a 
durable  anti-friction  metal  is  required. 

New  Varnish  for  Foundry  Patterns. — A 
varnish  for  foundry  patterns  and  machinery  has 
been  patented  in  Germany,  which  dries  as  soon 
as  put  on,  gives  the  patterns  a  smooth  surface, 
thus  insuring  an  easy  slip  out  of  the  mold,  and 
prevents  the  patterns  from  warping,  shrinking 
or  swelling,  as  it  is  perfectly  impervious  to 
moisture.  This  varnish  is  prepared  as  follows; 
Place  in  a  vessel  50  pounds  of  shellac,  10  pounds 
of  manilla  copal,  and  10  pounds  of  Zanguebar 
copal,  and  heat  it  by  the  external  application  of 
steam  for  four  or  six  hours,  stirring  it  in  the 
meantime  constantly.  Then  add  150  parts  of 
the  finest  potato  spirit,  and  heat  the  whole 
during  four  hours  to  190  deg.  Fah.  This  liquid 
is  then  dyed  by  the  addition  of  orange  color, 
and  can  be  used  for  painting  the  patterns. 
When  used  for  painting  and  glazing  machinery, 
the  varnish  may  consist  of  35  pounds  of  shellac, 
five  pounds  of  cocoriel  copal,  10  pounds  of 
Zanguebar  copal,  and  150  pounds  of  spirit. 
Similar  varnish  to  the  above  is  used  quite  ex- 
tensively by  pattern-makers  in  this  country, 
and  much  of  the  superior  appearance  of  Amer- 
ican castings  is  due  to  its  UBe. 


To  Cast  Brass  Solid. — The  metal  should 
not  be  run  any  hotter  than  is  necessary  to  in- 
sure sharp  castings.  The  most  probable  cause 
of  the  honey-combings  of  castings  is  that  the 
air  can  not  get  out  of  the  way;  and  there  ought 
to  be  proper  vents  made  for  it  from  the  highest 
parts  of  the  mold;  the  metal  should  be  run  in 
near  or  at  the  bottom  of  the  mold.  If  about 
one  pound  of  lead  be  added  to  every  16  pounds 
of  old  brass,  when  just  at  the  melting  point, 
solid  good  brasses  will  be  the  result.  In  melt- 
ing old  brass,  the  zinc,  or  lead,  contained  in  it 
(when  fluid)  oxidizes  freely,  consequently  the 
proportions  of  the  metals  are  altered,  and  re- 
quire an  addition  similar  to  the  above.  If  the 
brass  has  not  been  recast,  a  little  less  lead  will 
do,  but  if  recast  several  times,  it  may  take  the 
full  quantity. 


Rearing    Sponges  by   Artificial  Means. 

During  the  past  few  yein,  l>r.  Oacax Schmidt, 
Professor  of  Zoology,  at  the  University  of  Cratz, 
and   a    well-known   authority  on   sponges,  has 

employed  several  weeks  of  the  early  summer  in 
artificial]}  producing  and  rearing  the  bath 
sponge.  His  labors  have  met  with  such  success 
that  his  system  has  been  adopted  by  the  Aus- 
trian government,  and  is  now  carried  out  on  the 
coast  of  Dalmatia.  It  has  for  some  time  been  a 
well-known  fact  that  several  families  of  zoophy- 
tes have  such  great  powers  of  reproduction,  that 
a  portion  of  one  will  grow  and  form  on  an  entire 
new  body.  Dr.  Schmidt  has  taken  advantage 
of  this  property,  his  process  being  to  cut  the 
sponge  iuto  pieces,  fasten  each  portion  to  a  pile, 
and  immerse  it  in  the  sea.  The  pieces  then 
grow,  and  eventually  from  each  one  a  spherical 
sponge  is  uhtained.  According  to  the  estimates 
01  Dr.  Schmidt,  a  small  piece  of  sponge  at  the 
end  of  three  years  will  represent  a  value  of 
about  10  cents.  The  total  cost  of  raising  4,000 
sponges,  including  the  interest  on  the  expended 
capital  for  three  years,  is  estimated  at  §45,  and 
the  income  at  about  £80,  leaving,  therefore,  a 
net  profit  of  $35.  There  is  no  doubt  that  the 
practice  of  this  new  branch  of  industry  will 
prove  a  source  of  considerable  benefit  to  the  in- 
habitants of  the  Idrian  and  Dalmatian  coasts. 


Waterproof  Soles.  — Waterproof  soles  which 
are  either  inserted  into  ordinary  leather  Boles  or 
laid  into  the  boot  are  prepared  in  Germany  as 
follows  :  A  mixture  is  prepared,  consisting  of 
GO  parts  of  rosin,  80  parts  of  tallow,  5  parts  of 
wax,  and  5  parts  of  turpentine.  In  this  mix- 
ture linen  is  soaked.  This  is  thereby  rendered 
watertight.  The  sheet  of  linen  is  then  united 
to  a  sheet  of  wool  by  being  passed  through 
rollers.  On  the  linen  side  the  sole  is  now 
covered  with  a  solution  of  glue,  to  prevent  the 
resinous  surface  from  sticking  to  the  stockings 
and  shoes  in  walking. 

How  to  Distinguish  Diamonds. — M.  Cabi- 
net, of  the  French  Academy  of  Sciences,  gives 
the  following  test  for  distinguishing  colorless 
gems  from  diamonds.  If  a  person  looks  through 
a  transparent  stone  at  any  small  object,  such 
as  the  point  of  a  needle,  or  a  little  hole  in  a 
card,  and  sees  two  small  points,  or  two  small 
holes,  the  stone  is  not  a  diamond.  All  white 
colorless  gems,  with  the  exception  of  the 
diamond,  make  the  object  examined  appear 
double;  in  other  words,  double  refraction  when- 
ever exhibited  by  a  stone,  is  conclusive  proof 
that  it  is  not  a  diamond. 


Q@@d   (rle^Ljtf. 


"Modus  Operandi"  of  Skin  Grafting. 

Pinch  up  a  small  amount  of  the  cuticle  from 
the  inside  of  the  arm  with  a  small  pair  of  for- 
ceps, and  divide  it  with  a  small  pair  of  concave 
scissors,  being  careful  not  to  draw  blood,  and 
get  the  slip  free  from  adipose  tissue  ;  insert  this 
piece  of  skin  into  the  granulations  about  one 
inch  from  the  margin  of  the  sore,  and  repeat  in 
a  similar  manner  until  you  have  slips  within  an 
inch  Of  one  another  all  over  the  abrasion.  The 
size  of  the  piece  of  cuticle  is  not  so  material ; 
the  object  to  be  attained  is  to  have  it  grow,  and 
it  can't  take  root  unless  it  be  buried  into  the 
ulcer.  A  piece  of.  skin  the  size  of  a  pin's  head 
is  large  enough.  When  the  grafts  are  all  in- 
serted, dress  the  sore  with  an  artificial  scab, 
made  of  adeps  porci,  nine  ounces,  and  thickened 
into  a  paste  with  English  prepared  chalk,  twelve 
ounces,  and  spread  over  the  sore  and  margins, 
retaining  it  there  with  a  roller  or  adhesive 
plaster.  Let  this  dressing  remain  on  for  three 
days,  then  redress  by  removing  this  artificial 
scab,  and  wipe  the  sore  with  a  soft  cloth.  Never 
use  any  water  in  dressing  old  sores,  for  it  seems 
to  make  them  take  on  those  horrible  nocturnal 
neuralgias  the  night  following.  Then  remove 
your  paste  carefully  and  wipe  dry  ;  wherever  a 
slip  has  taken  you  will  notice  a  small  depression 
at  that  point,  and  if  you  think  advisable  you 
can  insert  other  grafts,  and  dress  as  before,  and 
so  on,  until  cicatrization  is  perfected. 

How  L.Onpr  to  Continue  Transplanting1. 

Until  the  sore  is  studded  full  of  grafts,  and 
the  ulcer,  to  all  appearance,  about  well.  If  the 
sore  is  on  the  lower  limb,  quietude  in  the  re- 
cumbent posture  should  be  observed,  and  the 
leg  elevated,  as  any  pressure  upon  the  ulcer  at 
this  time  would  cause  most  serious  interference 
with  the  new  granulations,  as  well  as  destroy 
the  newly  formed  cuticle  within  the  sore,  which 
resembles  so  many  small  islands  in  a  body  of 
water;  these  little  islands  of  skin  will  meet  the 
skin  from  either  side,  and  thereby  bridge  the 
abrasion  over.  By  carefully  watching  at  this 
stage  the  new  skin  will  become  permanent,  so 
that  your  patient  may  be  allowed  to  go  about. 
If  the  sore  is  on  an  upper- extremity,  the  patient 
can  have  more  liberty  to  go  round.  As  regards 
the  dietetic  plan  in  these  cases,  as  a  general 
thing,  the  regimen  should  be  articles  of  diet 
containing  fat  nitrogenized,  and  phosphatic 
combinations,  together  with  milk  and  eggs. 
Stimulants  should  be  avoided. — Medical  and 
Surgical  Reporter. 

Antimony  in  the  System. — It  has  lately  been 
established  that  antimony,  unless  taken  in  #x- 
tremely  large  doses,  will  quickly  eliminate  itself 
from  the  system. 


The  Progress  of  Dentistry. 

Some  hopeful  results  in  the  practice  of  dental 
grafting  have  been  recently  brought  to  the  no- 
tice of  the  French  Academy  by  MM.  David 
and  Magi  tot  Two  principal  forms  of  such 
grafting  are  distinguished— the  graft  by  resti- 
tution aud  the  graft  by  borrowing.  In  the 
former  a  tooth  is  reimplanted,  after  having  been 
extracted  with  a  view  to  certain  operations, 
which  would  be  impracticable  in  the  mouth. 
M.  David  has  adopted  this  method  for  rectify- 
ing the  direction  of  teeth,  for  treatment  of 
caries  in  the  extracted  tooth,  for  stopping  and 
also  for  facilitating  operation  on  another  tooth, 
or  in  another  part  of  the  mouth.  The  consoli- 
dation of  the  tooth  restored  to  its  socket  occurs 
generally  on  the  tenth  or  twelfth  day.  In  the 
graft  by  borrowing,  a  sound  tooth  may  be  sub- 
stituted for  a  decayed  one.  As  regards  trans- 
plantation from  the  lower  animals,  of  course  no 
zoological  species  has  hitherto  furnished  teeth 
similar  to  ours  in  form,  dimensions,  color,  etc. 
Still,  sound  roots  (from  a  lower  animal)  may 
be  substituted  for  bad  ones,  and  may  serve  as  a 
solid  base  for  pivoted  artificial  teeth.  The 
transplantation  from  one  human  being  to  an- 
other would  generally  involve  objectionable 
mutilation.  But  sound  teeth  may  be  utilized 
for  the  graft  when  their  extraction  has  become 
otherwise  necessary.  A  tooth  may  be  trans- 
posed from  one  part  of  the  mouth  to  another. 
Practicing  the  dental  graft  by  restitution,  M. 
Magitot  has  operated  in  62  cases,  and  57  of 
these  have  been  decided  cures  —  a  success 
amounting  to  92%, — Scientific  American. 


The  History  of  Diphtheria. — It  is  often 
said  that  diphtheria  is  of  modern  origin,  a  pen- 
alty for  the  unsanitary  condition  of  modern  civ- 
ilization. Dr.  Mackenzie,  senior  physician  to 
the  Hospital  for  Throat  and  Chest  Diseases,  in 
London,  finds  the  disease  to  be  a  very  ancient 
one.  The  first  description  of  it  occurs  in  the 
writings  of  an  Indian  physician,  a  contemporary 
of  Pythagoras.  He  next  identifies  it  with 
''askara,"  a  fatal  epidemic  frequently  mentioned 
in  the  Talmud.  In  the  1 7th  century  diphtheria 
was  widely  prevalent  in  Europe,  and  exten- 
sively fatal.  In  1802  Dr.  Cullen,  of  Edinburgh, 
seems  to  have  described  the  disease  under  the 
name  of  cynanche  trackealis;  and  in  182GBreton- 
neau's  classical  work  appeared.  "  After  this," 
writes  Dr.  Mackenzie,  "the  disease  seems  to 
have  passed  from  the  minds  of  English  physi- 
cians and  its  very  existence  to  have  oeen  almost 
forgotten."  From  such  forgetfulness  the  med- 
ical profession  was  thoroughly  aroused  by  the 
great  epidemic  of  the  years  1858-9,  since  which 
time  diphtheria  has  not  appeared  in  England 
with  anything  like  the  same  malignancy. 


Recuperating  the  Brain. — An  intelligent 
writer  on  this  subject  thinks  the  use  of  stimu- 
lants to  fortify  the  exhausted  brain  an  unwise 
measure.  The  best  possible  thing,  he  says,  for 
a  man  to  do  when  he  feels  too  weak  to  carry 
anything  through  is  to  go  to  bed  and  sleep  as 
long  as  he  can.  This  is  the  only  recuperation 
of  the  brain  power,  the  only  actual  recupera- 
tion of  brain  force;  because  during  sleep  the 
brain  is  in  a  state  of  rest,  in  a  condition  to  re- 
ceive appropriate  particles  of  nutriment  from 
the  blood,  which  take  the  place  of  those  which 
have  been  consumed  by  previous  labor,  since 
the  very  act  of  thinking  burns  up  solid  parti- 
cles, as  every  turn  of  the  wheel  or  screw  of  the 
steamer  is  the  result  of  consumption  by  fire  of 
the  fuel  in  the  furnace.  The  supply  of  con- 
sumed brain  substance  can  only  be  had  from 
nutritive  particles  in  the  blood,  which  were  ob- 
tained from  the  food  eaten  previously,  and  the 
brain  is  so  constituted  that  it  can  best  receive 
and  appropriate  to  itself  those  nutritive  parti- 
cles during  the  state  of  rest,  of  quietness  and 
stillness  of  sleep. 

Rest  for  Headaches. — Dr.  Day  says,  in  a 
late  lecture:  Whatever  be  the  plan  of  treat- 
ment decided  upon,  rest  is  the  first  principle  to 
inculcate  in  every  severe  headache.  Rest, 
which  the  busy  man  and  the  anxious  mother 
cannot  obtain  so  long  as  they  can  manage  to 
keep  about,  is  one  of  the  first  remedies  for  every 
headache,  and  we  should  never  cease  to  enforce 
it.  The  brain,  when  excited,  as  much  needs 
quiet  and  repose  as  a  fractured  limb  or  an  in- 
flamed eye,  and  it  is  obvious  that  the  chances 
of  shortening  the  seizure  and  arresting  the  pain 
will  depend  on  our  power  to  have  this  carried, 
out  effectually.  It  is  a  practical  lesson  to  be 
kept  steadily  in  view,  in  that  there  may  lurk 
behind  a  simple  headache  some  lesion  of  un- 
known magnitude  which  may  remain  stationary 
if  quietude  can  be  maintained.  There  is  a  point 
worth  attending  to  in  the  treatment  of  all  head- 
aches. See  that  the  head  it  elevated  at  night,  and 
the  pillow  hard;  for,  if  it  be  soft,  the  head  sinks 
into  it  and  becomes  hot,  which  with  some  peo- 
ple is  enough  to  provoke  an  attack  in  the  morn- 
ing if  sleep  has  been  long  and  heavy. 

Hot  Water  vs.  Fever  Germs. — According 
to  Dr.  Richardson,  hot  water  at  120°  Fah.  will 
kill  typhus  germs,  and  soap  acts  as  a  poison  to 
them.  The  remedy  against  typhus,  then,  is  to 
be  found  in  every  household,  and  more's  the 
pity  if  it  be  not  applied.  Considering  the  dead- 
ly nature  of  this  fever,  and  the  fact  that  50,000 
typhus  germs  will  thrive  in  a  space  no  bigger 
than  a  pin's  head,  it  is  clear,  the  Christian  at 
Work  thinks,  that  in  such  a  matter,  a  quart  of 
prevention  is  worth  several  hogsheads  of  cure, 


168 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS 


"    [March  15,  1879. 


A  0         Mf filW:^ 


"&  CIEN_T~lFIC.|l"RESl 


W.  B.  EWER Senior  Editor. 


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Temporary  Openings  in  the  Mines. 


Our  latest  forms  go  to  jiress  on  Thursday  evening 


The  Scientific  Press  Patent  Agency 
DEWEY  &  CO.,  Patent  Solicitors. 


A.  T.  DEWEY. 


W.  B.  EWER. 


G.  H.  STRONG. 


SAN   FRANCISCO: 

Saturday  Morning,  March  15,  1879. 


TABLE  OP  CONTENTS. 


EDITOBIALS.—  Boiler  Explosions.— No.  2;  An  Im- 
provement in  Circular  Saws;  The  Isthmus  Canal  Pro- 
ject, 161.  The  Week;  Temporary  Openings  in  the 
Mines;  The  Debris  Case — Injunction  Granted  Against 
the  Mines,  168.  California  State  Geological  Society 
Campbell's  Combined  Harrow  and  Roller,  169- 

ILLUSTRATIONS— The  Ventilating  or  Perforated 
Circular  Saw,  161.  Neil  Campbell's  Combined  Harrow 
and  Roller,  169. 

CORRESPONDENCE. —Douglas  District,  Wyo- 
ming; The  Industries  of  Inyo  County;  Atomic  Silver- 
Electrical  Metallurgy,  162. 

MECHANICAL  PROGRESS. -A  New  Iron  Car; 
Composite  Ships;  The  Great  Government  Testing  Ma- 
chine; Progress  of  Steam  Engine  Economy,  163. 

SCIENTIFIC  PROGRESS. -The  Origin  of  Comets; 
The  Law  of  the  Telephone;  A.  Toadstool  with  the  Odor 
of  Chlorine;  The  Bubble  in  Spirit-Levels;  Poplar  Trees 
as  Lightning  Conductors;  The  Planet  Mars;  A  New 
Chemical — Siliciureted  Hydrogen;  Solids  in  Solution; 
Atmospheric  Vapor;  Gas  and  Water  Pipes  as  a  Source 
of  Electricity,  163. 

MINING  STOCK  MARKET  —  Sales  at  the  San 
Francisco,  California  and  Pacific  Stock  Boards,  Notices 
of  Assessments,  Meetings  and  Dividends,  364. 

TJSEFDL  INFORMATION.  —  Fresh  and  Stale 
Bread;  Electro-Bronzing;  New  Varnish  for  Foundry 
Patterns;  To  Cast  Brass  Solid ;  Rearing  Sponges  by  Arti- 
ficial Means;  Waterproof  Soles;  How  to  Distinguish 
Diamonds,  167. 

GOOD  HEALTH.-"Modus  Operandi"  of  Skin  Graft- 
ing;The  Progress  of  Dentistry;  The  History  of  Diphthe- 
ria; Recuperating  the  Brain;  Rest  for  Headaches;  Hot 
"Water  vs.  Fever  Germs,  167- 

MISCELLANEOUS. —The  Troublesome  Teredo; 
Pacific  Coast  Exchange;  Fish  Farming;  Souora  Anthra- 
cite Coal;  Tribute  to  American  Explorers;  A  Report  on 
the  Darien  Canal,  166.  Central  American  Telegraphs 
and  Railways;  Prehistoric  Remains;  A  Petrified  Human 
Hand;  The  New  Goloid  Dollar,  167. 

MINING  SUMMARY  from  the  various  comities  of 
California,  Nevada  and  Arizona,  165-72. 

NEWS  IN  BRIEF  on  page  172  and  other  pages. 

Business   Announcements. 

Knight's  Water  Wheel,  Almarin  B.  Paul,  Agent,  S.  F. 
H.  W.  Johns'  Patent  Asbestos  Materials. 
Pulley  Blocks,  Etc.,  Edwin  Harrington  &  Sons,  Phila. 
John  A.  Church,  Mining  Engineer,  Columbus,  Ohio. 


The  Week. 

The  termination  of  the  mining  debris  case  has 
caused  much  quiet  talk  among  mining  men, 
for  in  view  of  the  decision  rendered,  unless  new 
means  of  disposing  of  tailings  are  invented,  hy- 
draulic mining  iu  California  must  virtually 
cease.  An  interesting  review  of  the  subject 
will  be  found  in  another  column. 

The  late  heavy  rains  have  occasioned  local 
floods  in  many  parts  of  the  State.  Napa  City 
was  partially  under  water,  and  some  regions  of 
Sonoma  county  have  been  overflowed.  Hum- 
boldt reports  large  tracts  submerged,  and  along 
the  line  of  railroad  north  of  Sacramento,  the 
breaks  and  washouts  have  been  so  serious  and 
extensive  as  to  prevent  travel  and  traffic  for 
some  days.  The  improved  outlook  for  the  sea- 
son is  leading  to  brisker  movement  in  the  ship- 
ment of  wheat,  and  quite  a  number  of  the  idle 
merchant  vessels  lying  in  the  harbor  have  been 
put  under  charter  since  the  last  rain.  The 
Darien  ship  canal  project  has  again  been  re- 
vived, and  an  international  consultation  as  to 
its  feasibility  will  soon  be  held  at  Paris. 

Europe  seems  out  of  sorts.  Bismarck  is  in 
bad  temper  over  the  failure  of  his  Parliamentary 
restriction  bill,  and  threatens  to  dissolve  the 
Reichstag  altogether.  France  is  still  exercised 
over  ministerial  troubles  and  the  discovery  of 
treasonable  plots  by  the  former  Rochebonet 
ministry  against  the  republic.  England  suffers 
from  want  among  the  laboring  classes,  Russia 
is  still  sick  with  the  plague,  and  Hungary  is 
devastated  by  an  extensive  flood,  which  has  de- 
stroyed many  lives  and  a  large  amount  of 
property. 


By  reason  of  the  frequent  and  heavy  rains 
that  have  fallen  the  past  two  weeks,  the  rivers 
and  gulches  throughout  the  mining  districts  of 
California  are  everywhere  running  full  of  water. 
Even  the  small  gulches,  that  in  ordinary  seasons 
remain  dry  or  nearly  so,  through  the  winter, 
are,  at  this  time,  swollen  into  rivulets.  With 
this  free  and  abundant  supply  of  water,  it  is 
possible  now  to  profitably  work  many  gold- 
bearing  localities  that  can  only  be  worked  under 
the  conditions  that  at  present  exist.  These 
localities,  which  are  neither  few  nor  of  limited 
extent,  can  be  found  in  every  mining  county 
along  the  main  gold  belt  of  the  State.  They 
have  not,  as  a  general  thing,  been  reduced  to 
ownership,  and  are,  therefore,  open  to  oc- 
cupancy by  whoever  may  choose  to  take  them 
up.  As  the  city  is  full  of  idle  men,  and  men 
glad  to  work  for  a  dollar  a  day,  these  unoccupied 
and  unclaimed  diggings  would  seem  to  hold  out 
good  inducements  for  this  class  to  go  and  try 
their  hands  at  working  them.  It  is  an  easy 
matter  to  reach  these  points,  unless  the  extreme 
northern  parts  of  the  State  should  be  selected 
for  the  field  of  operations,  and  where  they  could 
not  for  the  present  be  prosecuted  with  as  much 
comfort  and  success  as  in  the  more  central  and 
accessible  counties.  The  most  eligible  sites  for 
carrying  on  this  style  of  mining,  until  such  time 
as  the  winter  is  well  over,  will  probably  be 
found  along  the  foothills  from  Mariposa  to 
Plumas,  where  they  occur  in  a  scattered  way 
over  a  strip  of  country  varying  from  15  to  20 
miles  iu  width. 

As  the  most  of  these  spots  have  been  but  lit- 
tle worked  and  in  some  instances  not  at  all;  tol- 
erably fair,  and  sometimes  very  large  wages  can 
be  realized  working  them  while  the  water  lasts. 
As  a  good  deal  of  snow  has  fallen  on  the  mountains 
above,  the  water  supply  may  be  expected  to  hold 
out  here  for  several  months,  its  continuance 
varying  greatly  in  different  localities.  The  cost 
of  out-titting  a  claim  in  these  extemporized  dig- 
gings is  not  large,  the  dirt  being  run  off  through 
the  ordinary  box  sluice  and  sometimes  by 
ground  sluicing.  The  miner  need  not  here  make 
such  extensive  provision  for  housing  and  sub- 
sisting himself  as  is  required  where  operations 
go  on  without  interruption  and  a  permanent 
residence  is  to  be  made  in  the  mines.  Gener- 
ally, he  will  be  able  to  obtain  board  and  lodg- 
ing at  some  farm-house  or  inu  near  by,  enabling 
him  to  dispense  with  the  cost  of  a  cooking  out- 
tit  and  the  building  of  a  cabin.  To  work  this 
class  of  placers  scarcely  any  other  tools  than 
picks,  shovels  and  crowbars  are  required.  A 
few  hundred  feet  of  rough  timber  suffices  for 
the  necsssary  sluices,  which  the  miner  can  him- 
self cut  and  nail  together.  If  to  these  there  be 
added  a  flask  of  quicksilver,  with,  perhaps, 
some  pierced  sheet-iron  and  silver-coated  copper 
plates,  he  will  rind  himself  amply  equipped  for 
service,  these  latter  being  by  no  means  indis- 
pensable and  very  often  wholly  superfluous. 

In  going  into  the  mining  districts  on  an  errand 
of  this  kind  the  prospector  is  not  apt  to  meet 
with  rebuff's  from  old  settlers.  On  the  contrary, 
he  is  generally  welcomed  and  directed  to  the 
most  likely  places  for  furthering  his  objects. 
Information  is  almost  always  cheerfully  im- 
parted to  him,  and  if  he  seems  the  right  sort  of 
a  man,  more  substantial  aid  will  be  extended  to 
him  should  he  require  it.  Not  very  often  does 
the  resident  population,  who  have  more  steadily 
paying  claims  or  other  occupations  to  engage 
their  attention,. care  to  work  this  class  of  dig- 
gings. They  have,  therefore,  no  object  in  con- 
cealing their  whereabouts,  nor  preventing  others 
from  taking  them  up  and  turning  them  to  some 
practical  account.  Not  infrequently  it  is  to 
their  interest  to  have  this  done,  the  farmer,  the 
storekeeper,  and  others  in  the  neighborhood 
finding  in  these  new  arrivals  good  customers. 
Having  found  and  secured  a  paying  claim  of  this 
kind,  it  does  not  follow  that  the  locator  need, 
at  the  end  of  the  water  season,  abandon  it; 
neither  work  nor  occupancy  in  these  cases  being 
under  the  local  law  exacted  so  long  as  there  is 
no  water  for  active  operations.  It  might  be 
well  worth  while  for  workingmen  who  are  seek- 
ing employment  or  desirous  of  employing  them- 
1  making   more 


The   Debris   Case— Injunction 
Against  the  Miners. 

The  first  step  towards  reaching  a  final  deci- 
sion in  the  case  brought  by  the  farmers  of  Sut- 
ter and  Yuba  counties  against  certain  classes  of 
miners,  has  been  taken.  This  was  an  action  in 
equity  brought  nearlj7  two  years  ago  by  the 
plaintiffs  in  the  Tenth  Judicial  district  of  this 
State,  to  restrain  the  hydraulic  and  drift  min- 
ers who  discharge  their  tailings  into  Bear  river 
and  the  various  creeks  and  ravines  tributary 
thereto,  from  further  using  the  same  for  this 
purpose.  The  reasons  assigned  for  asking  this 
restriction  were  that  these  tailings,  which  con- 
sist of  sand,  gravel  and  muddy  water,  had  al- 
ready caused  great  injury  to  much  of  the  bot- 
tom lands  lying  along  and  adjacent  to  the  sev- 
eral streams  through  which  they  found  outlet, 
and  which  injury,  being  continuous,  would,  if 
suffered  to  go  on,  be  likely  to  so  increase  here- 
after as  to  render  large  portions  of  these  lands 
worthless  for  the  purposes  of  cultivation.  Prior 
to  the  commencement  of  these  proceedings,  the 
farmers  had  sought  relief  at  the  hands  of  the 
State  Legislature,  in  which  body  the  matter 
was  extensively  discussed  but  no  definite  re- 
sults were  reached.  The  parties  aggrieved 
then  formed  an  association  aud  brought  this 
suit  through  aud  in  the  name  of  one  of  its  mem- 
bers, James  H.  Keys,  who  appears  as  the  sole 
plaintiff  therein. 

cause,    pro 


selves,  to  consider  this  matter, 
full  inquiry  in  regard  to  it  and  acting  accord 
ingly.  These  are  diggings  in  which  small  com 
panies  of  four  or  five  men  could  work  to  advant- 
age. That  number  might,  therefore,  combine, 
and,  though  their  individual  means  be  limited, 
be  able  to  raise  enough  to  carry  them  into  the 
mines  and  set  them  to  work  on  joint  account. 
This  would  be  much  better  than  remaining  in 
the  city  idle,  and  better,  perhaps,  in  most  cases 
than  accepting  the  poor  pittance  of  §1  a  day, 
with  no  certainty  of  employment  at  that. 

From  50,000  to  60,000  camels  are  used  in  the 
transportation  of  10,000  troops  in  Northern 
India,  and  the  service  has  occasioned  great  mor- 
tality among  the  animals. 

Near  Bractford,  Ont.,  lately,  an  acre  of 
ground  suddenly  dropped  a  distance  of  40  feet 
below  the  surface,  leaving  the  side  perpendicu- 
lar. 


A  new  canal  is  being  constructed  in  the 
northern  part  of  Kern  county.  It  is  to  be  80 
feet  across  the  bottom  and  7  feet  deep. 


The    miners,    making   common 
ceeded  also  to  form   an  association  for  resisting 
this  suit  so  brought  against   them;   and   in  an- 
swering the  complaint  sought  to  have  the  hear- 
ing thereof  transferred  from  Sutter,  a   purely 
agricultural,    to    some    other    county;     which 
application    having     been     denied    by    Judge 
Keyser,    occupying   the   bench    of    the   Tenth 
Judicial  district,  the  case  came  on  last  July  be- 
fore him  for  hearing,  both   parties  being  repre- 
sented   by    able    lawyers.     By    the    plaintiff, 
George  Cadwalader,    P.   Van  Clief  and  J.  H. 
Craddock  were  employed;   Samuel  M.  Wilson, 
"w.    C.    Belcher,  A.   B.    Dibble  and  James  R, 
Byrne    appearing  for  the  defendants,  the  latter 
composed   of  some   twenty  different  hydraulic 
and   drift   mining  companies   operating    along 
Bear   river  and  its  tributaries,  and  using  the 
same  for  the  reception  of  their  tailings, 
eral  weeks,  a  great  number  of  witnesses  were 
In  the  hearing  of  the  case,  which  occupied  sev- 
examined  on   both  sides,   some  of  them  being 
among  the   ablest  engineers  and   scientists  on 
the   coast.     A  large  amount  of  testimony  was 
taken,  much  of  it  bearing  on  the  question  at 
issue  only  in  a  general   way,  and  not  a  little  of 
the  evidence  adduced  being  of  a  very  conflict- 
ing  character.     The   plaintiff  showed  that  he 
was   the   owner  of  and   held  under  a  United 
States  patent  1,069  acres  of  rich  alluvial  lands 
lying  on  Bear  river,   some  50  miles  below  the 
mines,  and  upon   which  he  had  expended  §10,- 
000  in  improvements;   that  on  the  15th  day  of 
January,  1875,  400  acres   of  these   lands  were 
covered  to  a  depth    varying  from  three  inches 
to  three  feet  with  the  tailings  or  debris  from 
the  defendant's   mines,  which   deposit  was  fur- 
ther increased  in   March  of   the  following  year: 
that  this  land   was   thereby  rendered  unfit  for 
cultivation  during  the  year  of  the  overflow  and 
the   succeeding   year,    its   productive   capacity 
being,    in  fact,  permanently  injured:  that  the 
accumulation  of  this  sediment  made  it  neces- 
saryforhimto  expend  further  large  sums  in  rais- 
ing hisfences  and  buildings,  constructinglevees, 
etc.,  and  that  the    water   in  Bear  river,  which 
was  formerly  clear  and  wholesome,  had  by  rea- 
son of  the  sediment  so  run  into  it  been  rendered 
muddy,  and  unfit  for  irrigation,  the  use  of  ani- 
mals and  for  other  domestic  purposes. 

The  testimony  tending  to  establish  the  above 
points  was  combatted  by  that  introduced  on 
the  part  of  the  defense;  who,  by  an  equally 
large  number  of  witnesses,  attempted  to  show 
that  the  land  so  overflowed  instead  of  being 
permanently  injured  would  in  the  end  be 
greatly  benefited  thereby;  that  the  harm  in  no 
case  was  more  than  temporary;  that  the  culti- 
vation of  the  lands  above  and  which  had  their 
drainage  into  Bear  river  and  its  confluents,  had 
caused  a  large  portion  of  the  sediment  com- 
plained of  and  would  in  the  future  send  into 
these  receiving  channels  a  greater  amount  of 
this  sediment  than  would  be  contributed  by  the 
mines,  from  which  the  quantity  contributed 
would  hereafter  be  diminished  rather  than  in- 
creased; the  defendants  claiming  that,  in  any 
event,  they  were  entitled  to  continue  the  use  of 
these  various  outlets  to  their  mines,  basing  the 
same  on  prescription  and  prior  right,  as  well  as 
upon  statutory  and  equitable  grounds. 

The  testimony  of  both  parties  having  been 
taken,  the  case  was  last  month  argued  before 
Judge  Keyser  by  their  respective  attorneys  and 
submitted  for  decision,  both  as  regards  matters 
of  fact  and  conclusions  of  law,  this  being  a  case 
iu  equity  and  determined  without  a  jury.  The 
findings  of  the  court  have  just  been  filed,  and 
are  to  the  effect  that  the  grievances  complained 
of  by  the  plaiutiff  are  well  founded,  entitling 
him  to  the  relief  asked  for,  to  which  end  the 
court  has  issued  an  injunction  perpetually 
enjoining  and  restraining  the  defendants  from 
using  the  bed  of  Bear  river,  or  any  of  its  trib- 
utary ravines  or  gulches,  as  a  place  of  deposit 
or  dump  for  the  debris  from  their  mines — also 
prohibiting  them  from  further  corrupting  and 
fouling  the  water  flowing  through  any  of  these 


Granted    channels,  the  plaintiff  being  given  costs  of  hia 
suit. 

Counsel  for  the  defendants,  upon  being  ad- 
vised of  the  above  result,  immediately  applied 
for  and  obtained  a  stay  of  proceedings  for  30 
days,  during  which  time  measures  will  be  taken 
for  appealing  the  case  to  the  Supreme  Court  of 
California.  After  this  tribunal  shall  have 
passed  upon  it,  whatever  their  decision  may  be, 
it  will,  as  a  matter  of  course,  be  taken  on  writ 
of  error  to  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United 
States  for  final  adjudication.  Meantime  the 
miners  will,  no  doubt,  execute  a  bond  indemni- 
fying the  plaintiff  for  any  further  injury  they 
may  cause  him,  in  case  the  findings  of  Judge 
Keyser  should  be  ultimately  sustained,  and 
proceed  with  their  mining  operations  as  before. 
These  operations  will  not  for  the  present  suffer 
even   temporary  intermission. 

While  this  suit  was  brought  nominally  by  a 
single  plaintiff,  and  the  parties  made  defendant 
were  confined  to  a  few  mining  companies  along 
Bear    river,    the  damage   complained  of  being 
Comparatively  trifling  and  restricted  to  a  single 
locality,  the  proceeding  was,  at  the  same  time, 
largely  representative,  being  regarded  by  both 
the  farmers  and  the  miners  in  certain  districts 
as  a  test  case,  whereby   the  question  here  in  is- 
sue was  to  be  finally  settled  and  disposed  of.    Iu 
this  view  of  the  matter,  this  case  becomes  one 
of  interest  and  importance,  both  in  a  legal  and 
pecuniary  point  of  view.     As  the  farming  lands 
affected  by   this   debris  are  not  confined  to  the 
valley   of  Bear  river,  so,  also,  are  the   mining 
companies   to   be   affected   by  this  decision  of 
Judge  Keyser  not  confined  to  the  defendants  in 
this  suit.      A   considerable    extent  of    bottom 
lands  along  the  Yuba,  with  some  also  on  Feather 
river,    have   been   covered   with  these  mining 
tailings   and  are   exposed  to  be  further  covered 
thereby  'the  same  as  those  along  Bear  river.    As 
a  consequence,  the  mine  owners  whose  tailings 
find   their  way  into  these  streams  are  liable  to 
be  by  legal  process  restrained  from  further  use 
of  the  same  equally  with  those  operating  along 
Bear  river.     Hence,  there  arises  on  both  sides  a 
broad  community  of  interests  in  this  question. 
It  is  to  be  observed,  however,  that  the  inter- 
ests, both  agricultural  and  mining,  are  compar- 
atively  limited  and  local,  the   only  properties 
and  callings  seriously  affected  being  those  of  the 
land  and  mine  owners  along  the   three  streams 
mentioned.     There   has  not  been,  nor  is  there 
likely  to  be,  much  complaint  on  account  of  in- 
jury sustained  by  this  mining  debris   elsewhere 
in  the  State.     This  narrows  down  the  question 
considerably,  raising  a  hope  that  it  may  be  pos- 
sible to   adjust  it   in  such  manner  that  no  irre- 
parable or  even  very  grievous  injury  will  result 
to   either  party.      Suppose,   for   instance,    the 
findings  of  Judge  Keyser  should  be  confirmed  in 
the  court  of  last  resort.     Could  not  the  miners, 
who  are  not  asked  to  make  restitution  for  past 
damages,   combine   their    means   and  purchase 
these   lands,    so  alleged   to  be  injured  and  ex- 
posed to  injury,  at  an  appraised  valuation,  and 
by  a  system  of  levying,  gradually  reclaim  them 
in   whole   or   in   part,  or  hold  them  until  such 
time   as  these  bottoms  through  the  accumula- 
tions  of  this   debris    would  be   so  raised   and 
spread   out  that   the   streams  running  through 
them  would  make  for  themselves  channels  suffi- 
ciently  broad   and  deep  to   carry  the   muddy 
water  and  sand  without  overflowing  their  banks. 
This   policy,  or   one   involving   its  main  fea- 
tures, has  been  adopted  at  least  in  one  instance 
and  found  to  work  well.     The  Spring  Valley 
Company,  operating  a  large  hydraulic  claim  at 
Cherokee,  Butte  county,  after  beating  the  plain- 
tiffin  a  suit  brought  against  them,  as  a  means  of 
preventing  further  annoyance,  concluded  to  buy 
all  the  farming  land  along  Dry  creek,  the  outlet 
to  their  mine,  which  they  proceeded  to  do,  the 
quantity  purch;  s  d  amounting  to  16,000  acres. 
Through  a  sort  of  combined  system  of  leveeing 
and  irrigation   they   have  succeeded  in  increas- 
ing  the   value   of  this  land  since  it  came    into 
their  possession  from  two  to  three  hundred  per 
cent.,  making  the  investment  a  very  profitable 
one,     and    relieving    themselves     against    the 
threat  of  further  litigation   at   the  same  time. 
Should  the  adoption  of  this  plan  or  something 
like  it  be  found  expedient,  a  part  of  this  mud- 
dy water  ,'could  be    advantageously     used     for 
irrigating   these   bottom   lands,   while   a  much 
larger  portion  could  in  like  manner  be  disposed 
of   on    the   dry   plains    and     prairies  adjacent 
thereto. 

So,  on  the  other  hand,  should  the  final  deci- 
sion of  this  question  be  adverse  to  the  farmers, 
they,  by  uniting  their  means,  might  be  able  toi 
divert  much  of  this  water  from  the  bed  of  the 
streams  where  it  now  flows  and  employ  it  in 
the  manner  above  suggested.  Whichever  party 
may  in  the  end  be  left  to  deal  with  this  vexa- 
tious and  troublesome  question,  may  well  hope 
to  receive  some  aid  from  the  State  to  help  them 
in  disposing  of  it.  The  extensive  tule  lands 
lying  along  the  lower  portions  of  these  rivers 
would  afford  ample  and  desirable  receptacles 
for  all  this  mining  debris  could  it  be  conducted 
upon  them,  and  that  the  question  of  so  dispos- 
ing of  this  material  will  shortly  take  the  shape 
of  a  practical  engineering  problem  may  reason- 
ably be  expected.  Rather  than  see  these  gold- 
producing  sources  cut  off,  should  such  result 
become  imminent,  the  general  government 
would  no  doubt  feel  constrained  to  use  its 
best  efforts  towards  helping  to  control  this 
debris  and  carry  it  upon  the  great  swamps 
where  it  is  so  much  needed.  In  no  aspect  of 
the  case  need  we  despair  of  seeing  this  trouble 
successfully  grappled  with  and  such  disposition 
made  of  it  as  will  prevent  its  working  any  large 
interest,  whether  public  or  private,  a  serious 
detriment. 


March  15,  1879. j 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


169 


California  State  Geological  Society. 

Wall  Bocks  of  the  Bodie  Auriferous  Lodes 
At  a  regular  meeting  of  the  Society,  held 
March  4th,  1S79,  Melville' Attwood,  F.  G.  S., 
read  the  following  paper  "On  the  Wall  Hocks 
of  the  Bodie  Auriferous  Lodes:'' 

To  a  frieud  who  was  aware  that  I  had  de. 
voted  a  very  large  portion  of  my  time  during 
the  past  12  years  to  the  study  of  rocks  enclosing 
different  metalliferous  deposits,  I  am  indebted 
for*  collection  of  100  specimens  of  the  wall 
rocks  and  vein-stones  of  the  principal  lodes  in 
the  Bodie  district. 

I  have  made  as  careful  an  examination  of  the 
collection  as  my  time  and  the  means  at  my  dis- 
posal would  allow,  and  now  beg  to  submit  to 
you,  as  briefly  as  possible,  the  results;  but  be- 
fore doing  so  I  wish  to  state,  with  regret,  that 
in  consequence  of  ill  health  I  have  not  been  able 
to  Wait  the  Bodie  mines,  but  from  all  the  in- 
formation I  can  obtain — by  mill  returns,  reports 
of  the  different  Superintendents,  aud  by  conver- 
sation with  experienced  mining  engineers,  who 
have  thoroughly  inspected  the  mines — I  have 
every  reason  to  believe  that  the  lodes  of  Bodie, 
00  far  as  developed,  exceed  in  richness  and  ex- 
tent those  of  any  other  district  yet  discovered 
in  California.  For  instance,  to  the  best  of  my 
recollection,  the  richest  gold  rock  ever  milled  at 
Grasa  Valley,  in  any  quantity,  was  taken  out  of 
the  Allison  Ranch  mine  in  1856,  and  treated  at 
the  Gold  Hill  mill,  then  under  my  charge.  The 
parcel  consisted  of  21  tons,  aud  yielded  at  the 
rate  of  §375  to  the  ton. 

Some  of  the  richest  and  most  extensive  lodes 
at  Grass  Valley  (the  Gold  Hill  lode  for  example) 
were  abandoned  at  250  feet;  a  depth  at  which 
the  Bodie  lodes  appear  only  to  begin  to  develop 
their  richness.  To  give  you  some  idea  of  the 
extent  of  the  Gold  Hill  lode,  the  croppings  can 
be  traced  from  near  the  town  of  Grass  Valley  to 
New  York  hill.  They  can  be 
seen  passing  around  the  head  of 
Rhode  Island  ravine,  over  the 
summit  of  Gold  Hill,  and  to  the 
west  of  the  residence  of  the  late 
William  Watt;  then  by  the  head 
of  Scaddeu's  flat,  under  where  Jo- 
seph Woodworth's  cabin  stood,  on 
to  Massachusetts  hill,  and  then 
following  the  contour  of  that  hill 
on  to  New  York  hill,  very  little 
short  of  a  mile.  Underground 
workings  have  been  made  con- 
necting with  one  another  from 
the  head  of  Rhode  Island  ravine 
to  Massachusetts  hill,  and  for  a 
considerable  distance  on  the  way 
to  New  York  hill.  The  underlie 
of  the  lode  varies  with  the  slope, 
or  inclination  of  the  surface  of 
the  ground,  the  most  productive 
part  of  the  lode  being  at  a  depth 
of  from  60  to  120  feet.  The  red 
dirt  near  the  croppings  of  the  lode  was  worked 
in  the  different  quartz  mills  and  paid  largely 
in  1853  and  1854. 

The  mode  I  adopted  for  the  determination  of 
this  collection,  was  first  to  cut  three  or  four 
sections,  of  different  degrees  of  thickness,  from 
each  piece  of  rock,  to  be  uaed  for  microscopic 
inspection;  the  thicker  sections  to  show  color 
and  structure.  The  thinner  sections  were  used 
for  examination  by  polarized  light.  Besides 
which  I  prepared  one  side  of  each  specimen 
after  my  new  plan,  to  be  viewed  by  reflected 
light,  with  the  aid  of  a  common  magnifier; 
photographs  taken  from  the  prepared  side  or 
face  and  magnified  three  or  four  diameters  will, 
in  most  cases,  show  at  a  glance  the  character  of 
the  rock.  I  do  not  think  it  necessary  to  give 
you  a  detailed  description  of  the  microscopic 
structure  of  each  specimen,  so  will  only  state 
the  general  conclusions  I  have  arrived  at  after  a 
careful  study  of  the  collection. 

I  find  thern  all  to  be  volcanic  rocks,  belonging 
mostly  to  the  trachyte  group;  many  of  them,  as 
shown  by  the  particles  of  kaolinized  feldspar, 
having  been  subjected  to  a  large  amount  of 
alteration. 

Specimens  from  the  Tioga  shaft  and  tunnel  so 
closely  resemble  the  so-called  "trachyte  amphi- 
bole  andeBite"  of  Wolkenburg  in  the  Siebenge- 
birge,  that  the  sections  and  prepared  rocks, 
when  placed  beside  those  from  Siebengebirge  in 
my  private  collection,  can  hardly  be  distin- 
guished one  from  the  other. 

Rock  marked  "porphyry,"  from  the  Syndi- 
cate tunnel,  is  also  identical  with  some  of  the 
other  Siebengebirge  trachytes.  A  piece  of  rock 
from  a  crosscut  in  the  Belvidere  mine  has.  the 
enamel-like  appearance  of  rhyolite. 

The  specimen  marked  "bird's-eye  porphyry," 
from  the  Belvidere,  is  a  "trachytic  diorite," 
and  of  much  the  same  character  and  appearance 
as  that  of  the  Comslock  rocks,  but  has  not  un- 
dergone the  same  amount  of  alteration.  Some 
of  the  feldspar  crystals  have  enclosures  or  mi- 
crolites  of  a  pyroxenic  mineral. 

The  prepared  rock  with  the  section  cut  from 
it  and  marked  "A,"  was  found  mixed  with  the 
vein-stone  at  a  depth  of  1,700  feet  in  one  of  the 
Gold  Hill  mines  (Washoe);  and  the  rock  and 
section  marked  "B"  is  from  the  Belvidere  mine, 
Bodie.  Compare  them  and  you  will  see  that 
they  are  muoh  of  the  same  character  and  struc- 
ture. Years  ago  the  Comstock  miners  applied 
the,  term  "bird's-eye  porphyry"  to  country  rock, 


found  mixed  with  the  vein  matter,  and  which, 
by  solfatara  action,  or  some  other  cause,  had 
been  so  altered  that  it  contained  S0;e  of  silica, 
and  the  particles  of  feldspar  so  kaoliuized  as  to 
lose  all  their  crystalline  form,  aud  take  the 
shape  of  rounded  spots,  of  a  whitish  color;  hence 
the  name. 

The  Mount  Davidson  diorite,  was  for  a  long 
time  termed  syenite.  The  black  dyke,  a  doler- 
ite,  was  called  "andeBite,"  and  the  "trachytic 
diorite,"  a  rock,  the  proportion  of  silicia  in 
which,  being  too  large  to  be  classed  with  the 
basic,  and  too  small  for  the  acidic  group  of  ig- 
neous rocks  forms  one  of  the  intermediate  links 
between  the  two.  It  went  by  the  name  of  "por- 
phyry,"'— "feldspathic  porphyry,"  "hornblende 
porphyry."  Baron  Richthofeu  named  it  "pro- 
pylite."  The  Comstock  lode  was  also  called  a 
iru&Jissurt  vein,  with  syenite  on  one  side  and  a 
clay  wall  on  the  other.  Rocks  sent  me  from 
some  of  the  deep  workings  at  the  Virginia  end 
of  the  Comstock,  both  east  and  west  of  the  ore 
bodies,  show  that  whatever  the  rocks  might 
have  been  near  the  surface,  or  in  the  upper 
workings,  they  have  imperceptibly  merged  iuto 
and  become  rocks  of  the  same  basic  character  as 
the  Mount  Davidson  diorite. 

It  is  generally  admitted  by  geologists  that 
metalliferous  veins  or  lodes  (I  prefer  the  Auglo- 
Saxon  word,  lode)  are  of  aqueous  origin,  and 
that  the  metalliferous  matter  occupying  portions 
of  previously  existing  fissures,  was  introduced 
through  such  agency;  aud,  thanks  to  the  micro- 
scope for  its  aid  in  removing  all  doubts  on  this 
subject,  as  the  inspection  of  vein-matter  by  it, 
shows  immediately  that  it  possesses  certain  de- 
finite structural  characters  distinguishing  it  from 
the  enclosing  rock.  The  arrangement  due  to 
successive  depositions  of  minerals  on  the  side 
of  a  fissure  sometimes  gives  the  vein-matter  the 
appearance  of  a  sedimentary  rock. 

The  Philosophical  Magazine  for  December, 
1871,  published  a  paper  written  by  John  A. 
Phillips,  E.  C.  S.,  "On  the  connection  of  cer- 
tain phenomena  with  the  origin  of  mineral 
veins,"  wherein  he  says:  "In  the  present  state 
of  our  knowledge  we  are  unable  to  explain  all 
the  various  phenomena  which  we  have  observed 
in    connection    with    the   origin,    composition, 


When  examined  between  crossed  prisms,  bril- 
liant colors  are  obtained,  aud  the  crystalline 
structure  becomes  exceedingly  distinct." 

The  two  specimeus  and  sections  which  I  have 
brought  for  your  inspection,  are  made  of  the 
same  character  as  those  described  by  M.  Phil- 
lips— one  marked  C\  is  vein-stone  from  one  of 
the  Bodie  mines,  and  the  other,  marked  Dt  from 
a  solfatara  in  Lake  county.  Mixed  with  the 
vein-stone  from  the  Dudley  mine,  Bodie,  are 
stains  of  cinnabar. 

To  those  who  feel  interested  in  this  subject, 
I  recommend  the  perusal  of  Mr.  R.  Daintree's 
paper  "On  Certain  Modes  of  Occurrence  of  Gold 
in  Australia,"  published  in  ''Quarterly  Journal 
of  the  Geological  Society,"  August,  1878. 

With  regard  to  the  time  of  introduction  of 
gold  into  the  rocks  of  California,  I  think  all 
eviilence  goes  to  show  that  it  occurred  at  two 
very  distinct  geological  epochs.  The  wall  rocks 
of  the  auriferous  lodes  of  Grass  Valley,  for  in- 
stance, are  for  the  most  part  composed  of 
diorites,  or  diabases- basic  plu  tonic  rocks,  aud 
the  gold  met  with  in  those  rocks  must  have  been 
formed  during  thejirst  or  earliest  age.  Ou  the 
other  hand,  the  closing  rocks  of  the  auriferous 
lodes  of  the  Bodie  district,  are  acidic  volcanic 
rocks,  and  belong  to  the  traehytw  group.  Con- 
sequently the  gold  in  those  lodes  must  be  of  a 
later  or  secondary  age.  During  the  volcanic 
period  the  deep  placers,  or  ancient  rivers,  with 
the  gold  of  the  first  age  mixed  with  the  gravel 
in  these  beds,  were  covered  over  to  a  depth  of 
mauy  hundreds  of  feet  by  volcanic  ash,  basalt, 
trachyte  and  other  mineral  volcanic  products, 
their  courses  were  changed,  and  the  ancient 
Yuba,  before  the  volcanic  periods,  is  now  at  a 
much  higher  level  than  the  present  Yuba. 

The  gold  of  the  Bodie  shallow  placers  and 
lodes,  must  have  been  introduced  subsequent 
to  the  volcanic  period. 

Conclusion. 

I  have  briefly  stated  to  you  the  results  of  my 
examination  of  the  collection  sent  to  me,  and 
from  it  I  am  of  opinion  that  the  Bodie  lodes  are 
undoubtedly  of  aqueous  origin,  and  that  the 
rocks  encasing  them  are  aU  igneous — volcanic 
rocks.     Also  from  aU  the  reliable  information  I 


NEIL    CAMPBELL'S    COMBINED    HARROW    AND    ROLLER. 


structure  and  mineral  constitution  of  veins;  but 
a  careful  consideration  of  ascertained  facts 
would  appear  to  lead  to  certain  general  conclu- 
sions, forming  a  sort  of  skeleton  map,  of  which 
the  details  remain  to  be  filled  in  by  the  aid  of 
further  research. 

'  'First:  Metalliferous  lodes  are  more  numerous 
and  productive  in  the  vicinity  of  igneous  rocks 
than  elsewhere. 

"Secondly:  Thereis  abundant  evidence  of  vol- 
canic eruptions  having  taken  place  during  all 
periods  of  geological  time. 

"Thirdly:  Solfataraaction  and  thermal  springs 
are  often  the  latest  active  evidences  of  volcanic 
disturbance. 

"Lastly:  Crystalline  quartz,  iron  pyrites,  sul- 
phide of  mercury  and  various  other  minerals 
are  at  the  present  time  being  deposited  by  sol- 
fatara action,  in  veins  possessing  many  of  the 
characteristics  of  ordinary  lodes." 

Again  he  says:  "At  the  'Sulphur  Bank,'  on 
the  shores  of  Clear  Lake,  California,  is  a  solfa- 
tara some  six  or  seven  acres  in  extent,  where  a 
much  decomposed  volcanic  rock  is  traversed  by 
innumerable  fissures,  from  which  steam,  to- 
gether with  carbonic  and  boracic  acids,  is  con- 
tinually issuing.  Sulphur  is  deposited  on  the 
sides  of  the  crevices;  and  gelatinous  silica  is 
found  coating  chalcedony  and  opalescent  silica 
in  various  stages  of  formation,  from  the  gelatin- 
ous state  to  that  of  the  hardest  opal.  This  in- 
durated silica  is  sometimes  nearly  colorless,  but 
is  more  frequently  permeated  by  cinnabar  and 
iron  pyrites,  or  blackened  by  a  tarry  hydro- 
carbon. Cinnabar  is  also  found  in  strife  and 
occasionally  in  veins,  as  well  as  in  concretion- 
ary maaaes  of  considerable  size. 

'  'Section  of  chalcedony  and  semi-opal  from  this 
place,  when  examined  under  the  microscope  are 
often  found  to  enclose  crystals  of  pyrites  to- 
gether with  crystalline  cinnabar,  although  the 
latter  mineral  has  generally  been  deposited  in 
an  amorphous  state.  A  specimen  of  chalcedony 
taken  from  one  of  the  fissures  in  the  Sulphur 
Bank,  which  on  being  first  broken  was  exterior- 
ly so  soft  as  readily  to  receive  an  impression  nf 
the  nail,  had  on  reaching  this  country  become 
hardened,  and  had  assumed  the  ordinary  char- 
acteristics of  that  mineral.  Thin  sections  of 
this  specimen  show  a  structure  resembling  fine- 
grained fortification  agate,  and  are  traversed  by 
numerous  fissures  filled  by  opaque  oxide  of  iron. 
Fig.  2  is  intended  to  show  the  appearance  of  a 
section  of  this  substance  magnified  30  diameters. 


can  obtain,  gold  has  been  found  in  paying  quan- 
tities at  greater  depths  in  those  rocks  than  in 
the  older  or  plu  tonic  ones.  The  gold  in  volcanic 
rocks  is  generally  adulterated,  or  higly  argentif- 
erous. Mineralized  ailver  is  also  found  in  more 
or  less  quantities,  mixed  with  the  vein-matter. 

I  have  heard  from  good  authority  that  a  large 
parcel  of  between  900  and  1,000  tons  of  vein- 
stone was  taken  from  the  Bodie  mine  and 
averaged  in  gold  upwards  of  $600  to  the  ton. 
This  would  be  the  richest  rock  in  quantity  that 
I  ever  remember  seeing  taken  out  of  any  Cali- 
fornia mine. 

I  do  not  hold  any  shares  in  any  mine  either 
in  California  or  Nevada,  neither  am  I  interested 
directly  or  indirectly  in  any  of  them,  and  my 
sole  object  in  addressing  you  is  in  hopes  that  it 
maybe  the  means  of  directing  attention  to  the 
subject  of  wall  rocks,  and  thereby  cause  others 
to  work  in  this  comparatively  unexplored  field. 
The  application  of  the  microscope  in  these  in- 
vestigations is,  however,  absolutely  necessary, 
and  I  am  in  hopes  the  day  is  now  past  when 
such  remarks  as  that  "mountains  should  not  be 
looked  at  through  microscopes"  will  not  be 
listened  to  by  any  intelligent  person. 

The  Water-Making  Snow. — The  late  storms 
have  deposited  a  pretty  good  body  of  snow  on 
the  Sierra  Nevada,  thereby  greatly  improving 
the  water  supply  prospects  of  the  hydraulic 
mines.  These  snow  falls  that  occur  so  late  in 
the  season,  not  becoming  much  impacted  before 
the  warm  weather,  melt  rapidly,  and  therefore 
fail  to  prolong  the  water  season,  like  those  that 
come  earlier  in  the  winter.  Still,  there  being 
so  much  of  this  late  snow,  it  cannot  fail  to  keep 
the  mountain  streams  replenished  pretty  well 
into  summer,  thereby  removing  the  fear  enter- 
tained by  the  miners,  that  they  should  be  left 
with  a  ruinously  short  water  supply  the  coming 
spring. 

Hope  it  is  True. — Specials  from  Texas  state 
that  several  Mexicans  who  were  among  the 
murderers  of  Judge  Howard  and  Messrs.  Atkin- 
son and  *  McBride,  at  San  Elizario,  have  been 
arrested  and  put  in  jail.  The  numerous  friends 
of  Mr.  Atkinson  in  California  would  be  grati- 
fied to  have  this  news  confirmed. 


Real  estate  has  taken  a  start  forward  in  New 
York. 


Campbell's  Combined  Harrow  and  Roller 

We  illustrate  on  this  page  an  improved  com- 
bined harrow  and  roller,  invented  by  Neil  Camp- 
bell, of  .Etna,  Siskiyou  county.  The  frame 
work  is  made  large  enough  for  both  harrow  and 
roller.  The  roller  is  formed  of  a  solid  log  with 
bands  of  iron  around  it,  the  spindle  being  jour- 
naled  to  it  in  the  ordinary  way.  On  the  cross 
bar  behind  the  roller  is  placed  a  strip  of  iron, 
which  acts  as  a  scraper  and  keeps  the  roller 
clean. 

The  harrow  is  formed  of  four  cross  bars  and 
longitudinal  binding  pieces.  As  many  lines  are 
drawn  across  these  cross  pieces  as  there  are  lines 
of  teeth  in  the  harrow.  The  teeth  are  then  in- 
serted on  each  alternate  line  until  the  harrow 
is  full,  aud  then  the  remaining  lines  are  filled 
on  each  bar  alternately,  one-half  the  teeth  be- 
ing placed  so  as  to  stand  at  an  angle  of  45°, 
as  shown.  This  method  of  placing  the  teeth 
causes  them  to  stand  far  apart  at  the  points,  al- 
though within  an  inch  aud  a  half  of  each  other. 
Two  iron  bars  pass  through  the  harrow,  to 
which  is  secured  a  chain,  the  other  end  of  which 
is  hooked  to  the  under  side  of  the  pole,  thus  an- 
swering as  a  draft  chain. 

Immediately  above  the  harrow  and  bolted  to 
the  pole  is  a  standard  or  post.  Slots  are  made 
through  this  post  and  a  pin  passes  through  them 
to  hold  the  lever  in  any  desired  position. 

From  this  lever  extend  downwards  two 
chains,  one  connecting  with  each  end  of  the 
harrow,  as  shown.  The  driver,  from  his  seat 
in  the  rear,  by  pulling  down  on  the  rear  end  of 
the  lever,  raises  the  front  end  of  the  harrow  by 
means  of  the  chain;  or  can  by  similar  means  de- 
press the  front  end  and  raise  the  rear  end,  as 
desired.  In  this  way  the  harrow  can  always 
easily  be  cleaned  from  rubbish  or  weeds. 

In  going  from  one  field  to  another  the  harrow 
can  be  raised  entirely  from  the 
ground  by  putting  a  small  piece  of 
wood,  which  may  be  kept  always 
at  hand  on  the  seat,  under  one 
end  of  the  lever  and  by  raising 
up,  the  harrow  is  suspended  from 
the  chains  above  the  ground.  A 
stay  chain  from  the  frame  to  the 
double-tree  takes  the  strain  off 
the  pole  in  turning.  The  horses 
can  be  hitched  ahead  or  other- 
wise, four  in  number  or  six,  ac- 
cording to  the  size  of  the  ma- 
chine. 

In  this  way  the  harrow  and 
roller  are  combined  for  cultivat- 
ing the  ground  and  the  harrow 
so  arranged  that  it  is  easily 
cleaned   of  weeds,  and     may     be 

-•  -  lifted   off  the   ground   in   moving 

from  one  field  to  another.  The 
driver  can  ride  in  using  this  har- 
row,   the   seat     being    placed    at 

the   rear  end,  so   as   to   balance    the  pole,    as 

shown. 


Questions  Answered. 

In  reply  to  inquiries  from  "Miner,"  of  Bing- 
ham Canyon,  Utah,  we  may  say,  we  know  of 
no  specific  for  the  prevention  or  cure  of  headache 
caused  by  inhaling  the  fumes  of  giant  powder — 
that  is,  nothing  taken  internally  will  have  that 
effect.  Some  miners  claim  that  tobacco  smoke 
has  a  tendency  to  that  end,  on  the  principle, 
we  suppose,  that  one  poison  may  sometimes  be 
relied  upon  to  counteract  the  effects  of  another. 
Dr.  Blatchley  of  this  city  has  invented  and  pat- 
ented a  plan  which,  where  practicable,  has  been 
found  effective  for  laying  and  rendering  innocu- 
ous the  fumes  of  giant  powder.  By  this  plan 
water  is  introduced  into  the  place  where  blast, 
ing  is  going  on  through  a  pipe  or  hydrant  end- 
ing in  a  closed  and  finely  perforated  nozzle, 
from  which  the  water  issues  in  a  fine  spray  that 
is  said  to  effect  the  end  desired  without  fail. 

By  the  manufacturers  of  giant  powder  or  dy- 
namite it  is  claimed  that  this  substance  will 
not  explode  at  a  temperature  of  less  than  16:>° 
Farenheit.  Where  this  occurs  at  a  lower  tem- 
perature, they  attribute  it  to  radiated  heat,  ex- 
pressing a  doubt  about  there  being  any  well 
authenticated  cases  where  this  has  happened. 

There  is  no  machine  to  be  obtained  on  this 
coast  for  grinding  small  samples  of  ore,  the 
mortar  and  pestle  being  mostly  in  use  here  for 
that  purpose  ;  iron  discs  with  a  flange  about 
the  edge  being  also  used  and  well-liked  by 
some.  A  small  Blake's  crusher,  well  adapted 
for  use  in  an  assay  office,  can  be  obtained  in 
New  York. 


Tempests  and  Snow  Drifts. — The  snow 
storm  that  commenced  on  the  Sierra  Nevada 
mountains  last  Saturday  night  was  attended  by 
a  perfect  hurricane,  which  whirled  the  falling 
particles  into  heaps  that  entirely  covered  many 
of  the  buildings  and  so  obstructed  the  railroad 
track  that  it  took  the  relief  train,  with  all  their 
enginery  of  snow  plows,  three  days  and  nights 
to  clear  it  sufficiently  for  trains  to  pass. 


170 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[March  15,  1879. 


I)li$ijie3$  directory. 


WM.    BARTLING. 


HENRY  Kill  BALL 


BARTLING-    &    KIMBALL, 
BOOKBINDERS, 

Paper  Rulers  &  Blank  Book  Manufacturers. 

505  Clay  Street,  (southwest  corner  Sansome), 

san  francisco. 

Lewis  Peterson.  John  Olsson. 

PETERSON   &.  OLSSON, 

Model  Makers,  and  Manufacturers  of  Em- 
blematic Signs.    Models  tor  the  Patent 
Office,  in  Wood  or  Metal,  a  Specialty, 
NO-   328   BUSH   STREET, 

Bet.  Montgomery  and  Kearny,  (up  stairs),  San  Francisco. 
All  kinds  of  tin,  copper  and  brass  work  made  to  order. 

San  Francisco  Cordage  Company. 

Established    L856. 

We  Lave  just  added  a  large  amount  of  new  machinery  of 
the  latest  and  most  improved  kind,  and  are  again  prepared 
to  fill  orders  for  Rope  of  any  special  lengths  and  sizes.  Con- 
stantly on  hand  a  large  stock  of  Manila  Rope,  all  sizes: 
Tarred  Manila  Rope;  Hay  Rope;  Whale  Line,  etc  .  etc 
TUBBS  &  CO., 
611  and  613  Front  Street.  San  Francisco 


DEFLEGTED    HEAT! 

Boswell's  Combined  Heater,  Cooker,  Ba- 
ker, Clothes  and  Fruit  Drier. 


Combining  the  advantages  of  a  dsuve,  Furnace,  Oven, 
Dry  House  and  Kitchen  Range.  An  application  of  Scientific 
Principles  to  the  economy  of  living,  of  labor,  of  health  and 
of  comfort.  A  handsome  piece  of  Furniture  adapted  to  the 
wants  of  every  family.  It  equally  economizes  time,  labor  and 
fuel,  and  avoids  exposure  to  heat  in  cooking  as  well  as  in 
baking.  It  bakes  Bread,  Cakes  and  Pies  to  any  desired  tint 
without  turning  or  watching,  or  danger  of  burning.  All 
odors  produced  in  cooking  are  passed  up  the  flue.  Food 
cooked  by  deflected  heat  is  improved  in  flavor,  more  easily 
digested,  contains  more  nutriment,  will  keep  fresh  longer, 
and  is  also  much  improved  in  appearance.  The  stages  of  the 
cooking  or  baking  can  be  seen  without  stooping  or  opening 
the  doors  of  the  oven.  It  will  dry  and  bleach  your  clothes  in 
from  half  an  hour  to  one  hour  and  a  half,  and  heat  your  irons. 

Fruit  dried  in  the   Roswell    will  gain  from  twenty  to 

FORTY  PER  CENT,    in    WEIGHT,    and   THIRTY'  PER  CENT,   in 

QDAlitv  over  that  dried  by  any  other  process.  It  will  suc- 
cessfully dry  any  kind  of  Fruit,  Grapes,  Berrie3,  Meats,  Fish, 
Vegetables,  Coffee,  Tobacco,  Corn  and  Grain  of  all  kinds. 

—  also  — 

Boswell's  Commercial   Fruit  Drier, 

Used  exclusively  for  (hying  andheating  purposes  on  A  large 
scale. 

—  also  — 

BOSWELUS    CABINET   HEATER, 

Of  all  Bizes  and  capacity  for  heating  Private  Residences, 
Hotels,  Hall3,  School  Houses,  Churches,  Offices,  Stores, 
Railroad  Cars,  Hospitals,  etc. 

All  of  which  can  be  operated  successfully  by  a  mere  cbild, 
it  is  so  simple  in  its  construction,  and  with  one-third  the 
usual  amount  of  fuel  (coal  or  wood),  us_d  in  any  other  heat 
iug.  cooking  or  drying  apparatus. 

Every  farmer  and  economical  housekeeper  should  use  it. 
It  will  pay  for  itself  in  the  saving  of  fuel;  it  will  pay  in  the 
superior  character  of  its  fruit  drying,  of  its  cooking 
roasting  and  baking;  it  will  pay  in  its  salubrious  and 
healthful  warm  air;  it  will  pay  the  rich  and  the  poor  alike. 

Address,  for  Price  Liat  and  descriptive  illustrated  circulars, 

Boswell  Pure  Air  Heater  Co., 

No.  006  Montgomery  Street,  San  Francisco,  California. 
S.  R.  LIPPINCOTT.  Secretary. 

EUGENE  L.  SULLIVAN,  Pres't. 

DR.    LZBSE7, 
HH         DENTIST, 

N.  W.  Corner  Kearny  and  Geary  Sts  , 
Entrance  on  Geary  Streeet,  SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 

The   Miners9    Assay   Office, 

N.   E.   Corner  of  the   Plaza, 
PRESCOTT,       ---       -       ARIZONA. 

Assay3  of  Silver,  $1, 50.    Gold  and  Stiver,   §2.    Other  Ores 
at  corresponding  rates.     All  assayB  guaranteed. 
Gold  and  Silver  melted  into  Bars.     Working  Test3  mode, 
itft  Mines  examined,  sales  negotiated,  etc. 

W-  H-   WILLISCRAFT, 
P.  O.  Box  153.  Pre3cott,  Arizona. 

C.    L.    GILLBR, 
SEAL    ENGRAVER    AND    DIE    SINKER, 

No.  430  MONTGOMERY  STREET,  S.  F. 

The  best  Work  done  on  the  most  reasonable  terms  on 
the  Coast. 


Ingersoll  Rock  Drills. 


In  use  in    the    largest    and  best 
Mines  of  the  Coast. 

HAS    AUTOMATIC  FEED. 

Has  less  Repairs. 

Is  Lighter  and  more  Easily  Ad- 
justed than  any  other  Drill. 
Our  DRY  AIR  COMPRESSORS  are  the  most  Economical  Compressors  in  the  Market. 

MINERS'  HORSE-POWER. 

This  Power  is  especially  adapted  to  working  mines,  hoist 
ing  coal  or  building  material,  etc.     It  will  do  the  work  of  a 
Steam  Engine  with  one-tenth  the  expense.    One  Horse  ca 
easily  hoist  over  1,000  pounds  at  a  depth  of  500  feet. 

The  Power  is  mainly  built  of  wrought  iron,  and  cannot  be 
affected  by  exposure.  The  hoisting-drum  is  thrown  out  of 
gear  by  the  lever,  while  the  load  is  held  in  place  with  a  brake 
by  the  man  tending  bucket.  The  frame  of  the  Power  is 
bolted  to  bed-timbers,  thus  avoiding  all  frame  work.  When 
required  these  Powers  are  made  in  sections  for  packing. 

REYNOLDS,    RiX   &   CO.,  18  &  20   Fremont  St.,  San  Francisco. 


SAVE    YOUR    GOLD! 

Highly  Important  to  Miners  and  Quartz  Mill  Men! 

SILVER    PLATED    AMALGAMATING    PLATES. 

The  best  process  yet  discovered  for  saving  tine  or  float  gold.  Extensively  used  with  great 
success  in  gravel  and  placer  mining  in  various  parts  of  the*  Pacific  Coast.  Over  five  hundred 
orders  have  been  filled,  and  the  demand  is  constantly-nncreasing.  A  large  number  of  theae  Plates 
were  sent  to  Snake  River  mines,  Idaho,  last  year,  and  a  great  many  orders  are  being  filled  for 
them  this  season.  Circulars  containing  full  instructions  for  working  these  Plates  sent  with  each 
order.  Old  Mining  Plates  bought  or  taken  in  exchange  for  new  Silver  Plated  Plates,  and  full 
value  allowed.  Gold  extracted  from  old  Plates  at  a  moderate  cost  by  a  new  and  economical  pro- 
cess.    Old  Plates  (which  often  contain  a  surplus  of  gold  above  the  cost  of  plating)  can  be  re-plated. 

With  the  most  extensive  facilities  on  the  Pacific  Coast,  orders  can  be  filled  very  promptly 
and  satisfaction  guaranteed. 

Mining1  Men  and  the  public  generally  are  cautioned  against  unprincipled  and  irre- 
sponsible parties  traveling  through  the  country,  endeavoring  to  secure  orders  for  very 
inferior  qualities  of  Silver  Plated  Mining  Plates. 

SAN  FRANCISCO  GOLD,  SILVER,  NICKEL  AND  COPPER  PLATING  WORKS, 

Nos.   653  and  655  Mission  Street,   San   Francisco,   Cal, 
EDWARD    G.    DENNISTON, PROPRIETOR. 


D.  F.  HUTOHINGS. 

ZFIE3 


J.  SANDERSON 


D.  M.  DUNNE. 

eintx  oil   works, 

HTJTCHINGS     &.    CO., 

and    COMMISSION    MERCHANTS, 


OIL 

Manufacturers  and  Dealers  in  Sperm,  Whale,  Lard,  Machinery  and  Illuminating  Oils. 
517    FRONT    STREET     SAN    FRANCISCO. 


CAUTION 

To  Hydraulic  Miners. 

The  public  generally  and  Hydraulic  Miners  especially 
are  hereby  notified  that  any  parties  making  or  using  the 
contrivance  known  as  the  HOSKIN  DEFLECTOR  will  be 
prosecuted  to  the  full  extent  of  the  law,  said  machine 
having  been  declared  by  the  U.  S.  Circuit  Court  an  in- 
fringement upon  my  patent,  the 

Bloomfield  Deflecting  Nozzle. 

The  public  arc  also  cautioned  against  using  the  Hoakin 
Deflector  because  of  its  danger  to  life  and  limb,  this  de 
vice  having  already  occasioned  several  deaths  and  other 
serious  accidents.  The  BLOOMFIELD  DEFLECTOR  is 
entirely  safe,  its  two  and  a  half  years  use  without  acci- 
dent, as  well  as  its  construction,  proves  it  to  be  a  reliable 
contrivance. 

Any  parties  wishing  to  purchase  the  right  to  use  these 
Deflectors  can  do  so  by  applying  to  the  undersigned, 

HENRY  C.  PERKINS, 

North  Bloomfield,  Nevada  Co.,  Oil.,  Octo- 
ber 1st,  1878. 


J.  S.  PHILLIPS,  m.  e., 

Consulting  Engineer  I  Metallurgist, 
Examiner  of  Mines  and  Assayer, 

702    CALIFORNIA     STREET, 
Author  of—  ■  ■  «  San  Francisco. 

The  Explorers',  Miners' and  Metallurgists'  Companion 
672  pages,  83  Illustrations,  (2d  Edition.)    Price         's  10  50 

The  prospector's  "Wee  Pet"  Assayer,  (Patented) 100  00 

I  he  Testing  Machine  for  Gold,  Silver,  Lead,  etc  40  00 

The  "Little  Wonder"  Self-calculating  Sample  and 

Button  Weigher,  (Patented) 25  00 

Blow-pipiats"  Pocket  Laboratory  of  Tools.  Fluxes,  etc.    50  00 

v  est  Pocket  Blowpipe 3  00 

CHARGES.— Assaying,  §3;  Testing,  $2  per  metal' 

Assaying  and  Testing  Taught. 

Engraving  done  at  this  office. 


ell  Drilling,  Boring, 

Mineral  Prospecting  and  Quarrying  Tools* 

Hig-ln-l  Award  nt  ( .'niT-nnlril  Exhibition.  Tlie  best  nnd  most 
practical  well- boring  Machinery  in  the  world.  Quick-.iond,  boulders 
and  rock  easily  handled.    Address 

California  Artesian  Well  &  Mining  Co. 

202  Sansome  Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal: 
E.  P.  HILL,  Manager.  J.  W.  R.  UILL,  Engineer. 

Dealers  in  Well-Augers,  Rock -Drills,  Wind. 
JUills,  Rumps  and  Hydraulic  Machinery,  and 
Contractors  for  Artesian  {Flawing)  Wells  of 
any  depth  to  3000  feet. 

(Machines  and  Wells  can  be  seen  in  operation.) 

83-AGENTS  WAJTTFD.-&. 


Barlow  J.  Smith.  M.  D. 

Consulting    Physician, 

Professor  of  Phrenology  and 
Mental  Hygiene. 

Proprietor  of  the  Smithsonian  Medical  and  Phrenologtca 
Institute,  035  California  Street,  above  Kearny. 

This  Institute,  by  combining  medical  hygiene  with  the 
various  Water  Cure  treatments  and  the  mo3t  powerful  Elec- 
trized tiorsesboe  Magnet  in  the  world,  claims  to  cure  speed- 
ily ana  permanently  all  forms  of  acute  or  chronic  nervo- 
vital  derangements,  Brain,  Spinal  and  Heart  diseases,  St. 
Vitus  Dance,  Palsy,  Epilepsy  and  all  Rheumatic.  Liver  and 
Kidney  troubles.  The  institution  has  for  the  past  20  years 
made  a  specialty  of  treating  all  forms  of  weaknesses  and  dis- 
eases peculiar  to  males  and  females.  By  the  use  of  hygienic 
remedies  and  electro-motorpathy  the  worst  forms  of  impo- 
tency  and  seminal  weakness  in  males  and  sterility  in  fe- 
males are  speedily  and  permanently  overcome.  Hygienic 
board,  with  or  without  rooms.  Terms  moderate.  Electro- 
thermal, Hue  so -Turkish  and  Medicated   Baths    given   daily. 

Mrs.  Dr.  Smith  as  Matron  has  charge  of  the  female  bath- 
ing department. 

Dr.  Smith  has  practiced  Phrenology  the  past  30  years, 
and  during  the  last  20  years  has  been  constantly  using  the 
science  connected  with  Physiognomy,  in  examining  or  diag- 
nosing disease  in  this  city,  and  claims  to  have  made  discov- 
eries in  the  Science  of  Phrenology  that  enables  him,  by  an 
examination  of  the  head,  eveu  blindfolded,  to  determine  the 
disease  to  which  the  person  is  constitutionally  subject,  or 
whether  the  disease  at  the  time  afhicting  the  person,  is  the 
result  of  accident  or  hereditary  weakness  ;  whether  Con- 
sumptive, Dyspeptic,  Rheumatic,  Apoplectic,  Neu- 
ralgic, LEUCORHHCEAL,or  Seminal.  Especially  does  the 
form  of  the  head  indicate  the  strength  of  the  uterine,  geni- 
tal or  reproductive  system.  The  head  is  also  an  index  of  the 
natural  Btrength  of  the  lungs,  heart,  stomach,  liver,  kidneys, 
spleen,  back  or  vertebra,  and  it  determines  the  power  of  the 
system  in  warding  off  and  overcoming  disease  of  all  kinds. 

Ladies  or  gentlemen,  desirous  of  obtaining  a  thorough  and 
correct  Phrenological  examinations  with  Fowler  and  Wells' 
harts,  will  meet  with  a  respecful  reception  at  his  consulting 
rooms.  Parties  can  depend  upon  a  reliable  delineation  of 
the  character  of  their  intimate  male  or  female  friends,  by 
presenting  a  clearly  denned  photograph. 

Phrenological  or  Physiognomical  examinations  without 
charts,  $1.50  ;  with  charts,  from  §2  to  S3. 

INVITATION  TO  INVALIDS 
And  all  persons  who  are  in  anyway  out  of  health,  who  de- 
sire to  know  the  nature  and  causes  of  their  disease,  may 
avail  themselves  of  an  examination  through  phrenology  In 
regard  to  health  free  of  charge,  between  the  hours  of  9  a.  m. 
and  8  p.  M,    SundayB  from  9  a    m.  to  12  M. 


iHHEni 


£>«£%*&*: 


PALACE  T1 


This  elegant  and  spa 
cious  S.  F.  Restaurant 
has  been  re-opened  with 
superior  bill  of  fare  dai- 


ESTAURANl jJoodL  ny 


21S  Sansome  St. 


Reduced  Prices 

ly,  and  is  now  the  best 
andmost  popular  dining 
"  "  "    saloon  on   this   Coast. 

[Lunch  ready  at  10  A.  m.]  Resident  business  men  and  visi- 
tors from  abroad  will  be  wise  in  giving  this  place  an  early 
call.    Examine  bill  of  fare  and  prices. 

HERMAN  H.  HORST,  Prop'r. 


MANUFACTURED  BY 


EL    ZROYIEiR,, 

Nos.  855,  857,  859  &  861  Bryant  Street,  Cor.  Park  Avenue 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 


South    Pacific    Coast    Railroad. 

New  Route  (Narrow-Gauge.) 

Commencing  Monday,  September  30th,  1878,  boats  and 
trains  will  leave  San  Francisco  daily  from  the  New  Ferry 
Landing,  foot  of  Market  street,  at  5:30  A.  M.,  9:00  A.  W.,  and 
4:00  p.  M.  for  ALAMEDA,  SAN  JOSE,  LOS  GATOS, 
ALMA,  and  all  way  stations. 

Stages  connect  with  9:00  a,  m.  train  at  Alma  for  Santa  Cruz. 

EXCURSION  TICKETS  will  be  sola  Saturday  afternoons 
and  Sunday  mornings  from  San  Francisco  and  Alameda  to 
San  Jose,  Los  GatoB,  and  Congress  Springs,  and  return,  at 
reduced  rates,  good  only  until  Monday  evening  following 
date  of  purchase. 

FERRIES  AND  LOCAL  TRAINS,  DAILY. 

From  San  Francisco.— 5:30,  t6:40,  9:00,  10:30  A.  M.;  1:30,  4:00, 

5:15,  6:30  p.  M. 
From  High  Street,  Alameda,— f5: 10,  7:40,  9:04  A.  M.:  12  M.; 
2:40,  4:00,  5:16,  6:24  p.  M. 

tDaily,  Sunday  excepted. 
The  Company  are  prepared  to  carry  vehicles  of  all  kinds  on 
the  Ferry,  to  and  from  San  Francisco,  Alameda  and  Oakland. 
THOS.  CARTER,  GEO.  H.  WAGGONER, 

Superintendent  Gen'l  Passenger  Agent 


Pocket  Map  of  California  and  Nevada. 

Compiled  from  the  latest  authentic  sources,  by  Chas. 
Drayton  Gibbs,  C.  E.  This  map  comprises  information 
obtained  from  the  U.  S.  Coast  and  Land,  Whitney's  State 
Geological,  and  Railroad  Surveys;  and  from  the  results  of 
explorations  made  by  R.  S.  Williamson,  U.  S.  A.,  Henry 
Degroot,  C.  D.  Gibbs  and  others.  The  scale  is  18  miles  to 
1  inch.  It  gives  the  Judicial  and  U.  S.  Land  Districts. 
It  distinguishes  the  Townships  and  their  subdivisions;  the 
County  Seats;  The  Military  Posts;  the  Railroads  built  and 
proposed,  and  the  limits  of  some  of  them;  the  occurrence 
of  gold,  silver,  copper,  quicksilver,  tin,  coal  and  oil.  It 
has  a  section  showing  the  hights  of  the  principal  moun- 
tains. The  boundaries  are  clear  and  unmistakable,  and 
the  print  good.  1S78.  Sold  by  DEWEY  &  CO.  Price, 
postpaid,  32;  to  subscribers  of  this  journal,  until  further 
notice,  §1. 


California  Steam  Navigation  Co. 

The  Steamers 
ALICE  GARRATT  and  CITY  OF  STOCKTON 

LEAVE  SAN  FRANCISCO 

DAILY  (Sundays  excepted)  at  5  P.    M.,  from  Washington 

Street  Wharf,  near  foot  of  Market  street. 

LEAVE  STOCKTON 

DAILY    (Sundays    excepted)    at    4     P.    M. 

G.  A.  CARLETON, 

Secretary 


T.  C.  WALKER, 

President, 


PACIFIC    POWER    CO. 

Room  with  steam  power  to  let  in  the 
Pacific  Power  Co.  'b  new  brick  building, 
Stevenson  street,  near  Market.  Eleva- 
tor in  building.  Apply  at  the  Com- 
pany's office,  202  Sansome  St.,  room  7. 


i  OB 

totejit&a 


OBTAINED  IN  U.  S.  AND  FOREIGN 
COUNTRIES;  trademarks,  labels  and  copy- 
'  hta  registered  through  DEWEY  &  CO.'S 
iking  and  Scientific  Press  Patent 
Agency,  San  Francisco.  Send  for  free  circular 


Mining     Books. 

Orders  for  agricultural  and  scientific  boobs  in  general 
will  he  supplied  through  this  office  at  published  rates. 


Marches,  1S79.J 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


171 


fletalllirgy  apd  Ores. 

Nevada    Metallurgical    Works, 

No    23    STEVENSON  STREET. 
KflfcT  Finit  ami  Hvket   Street*. 

Orea  worked  by  any  proceaa. 

Orea  sampled. 

ASSAYING  in  all  its  branches. 

Analysis  of  Ores,  Minerals,  Waters,  etc 

Working  tehts  made. 

Plans  furnished  for  the  most  suitable  process 
lor  working  Ores. 

tl    attention   paid    tn    Kx  ami  nations   of 
Mines;  plans  and  reports  furnished. 

E.  HUHN, 

C.  A.  LUCKHARDT, 
Mining  Engineers  and  Metallurgists 

JOHN  TAYLOR  &  CO., 

Importer*  of  and  Dealers  In 

ASSAYERS'   MATERIALS, 

CHEMICAL  APPARATUS  AND  CHEMICALS,  DRUG- 
GISTS' GLASSWARE  AND  SUNDRIES,  Etc. 

612  &  518  Washington  St.,  San  Francisco 

Wc  would  call  the  special  attention   of  Assaycra,  Chem- 
litM,  lUning  Companies,  Milling  Companies,   Prospectors, 
etc,  to  our  »u>ck  of  Clay  Crucibles,  Humes,  Dry  Cups, 
Dufactured  by  the  Patent  Plumbago  Cruci- 
ble Co.,  of  London,  England,  for  which  wc  have 
been  imiJt t  Sol*  Agents  jot  ink  Pacific   Coast,     Circulars 
m  will  be  Bent  upon  'application. 
Also,  to  our  large  and  well  adapted  stock  of 

Assayers'  Materials  &  Chemical  Apparatus, 

Ha\im;  liL'i-i)  ciiLfii-L-il    in   furniwhing'  these  supplieB  since 
the  flrat  discovery  of  mines  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 

f&'Our  tiuld  and  silver  'fables,  showing  the  value  per 
Knee  Troj  at  different  degrees  of  fineness,  and  valuable 
ul'l<  ■*  i'>i' I'.niLpiUatlon  of  ussuys  in  grains  and  grammes, 
will  be  sent  free  upon  application. 

JOHN    TAYLOR    &    CO. 


LEOPOLD    KUH, 

(Formerly  of  the  U.  8.  Branch  Mint,  S.  F.) 

Assayer    and    Metallurgical    Chemist, 

No.  611  COMMERCIAL  STREET, 
(Between  Montgomery  and  Kearny,) 

San  Francisco.  Cal. 

OTTOKAR  HOFMANN, 
METALLURGIST  and  MINING  ENGINEER, 

415  Mission  St.,  bet.  First  and  Fremont  Streets, 
SAN    FRANCISCO. 
43TErection  of  .Leaching    Works  a  Specialty. 
XSTLeachint;  Testa  made. 


THOS.    PRICE'S 

Assay    Office    and    Chemical 
Laboratory, 

524  Sacramento  &t..  S.  F. 
G.  F.  Dektken.  Wm.  E.  Smitu, 

PIONEER  REDUCTION  WORKS, 

Channel  Street,  off  foot  of  Fourth,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Highest  price  paid  for  Sulphurets,  Arseniurets,  Tellurides 
and  Gold  Orea  generally. 

Careful  attention  paid  to  practical  working  tests  on  a 
large  scale  of  Gold-bearing  Quartz  and  ores  of  a  refractory 
and  sulphureted  nature. 

Will  examine,  report  on,  and  survey  miniug  properties. 


METALLURGICAL    WORKS, 

STRONG    &    CO.,    10  Stevenson   Street, 

ORES  SAMPLED,  TESTED,  ASSAYED. 

GU  I  DO      KUSTEL, 

MINING  ENGINEER  and  METALLURGIST. 

P.    0     Address:    ALAMEDA,     CAL. 

F.   MOORECROFT, 

Stone  Seal  Engraver 

THURLOW    BLOCK, 

Room  33,  126  Kearny  St. ,  Cor.  Sutter,  San  Francisco. 


Coats  of  Arms,  Crests,  Monograms  and  Ma- 
sonic Inscriptions  Carefully  Engraved. 


SWEET  Ppsz&l!  NAVY 

Clraiife  - 

Awarded  highest  prize  at  Centennial  Exposition  for 
fine  chewing  qualities  nnrl  excellence  nud  Iwting  char' 
acier  of  tvnetP'iing  and  fitVcnring.  The  best  tobacco 
ever  made.  As  onr  bine  strip  trnde-raark  Is  closely 
Imitated  on  Inferior  roo'Ir.  pee  Hint  JncJaton's  Bert  is 
on  every  plug.  Sold  by  nil  dealers.  Send  for  sample, 
tree,  to  O-  4.  Jackson  4  Co.,  Mfrs.,  Petersburg,  V* 

L.  &  B.  WERTHHBIMER,  Ag'ts,  San  Francisco. 


Dewey  &  Co.{aJE£*}Patent  Ag'ts. 


ELECTRIC   LIGHT. 

BRUSH     PATENT. 
The  Best,  Cheapest,  Cleanest,  and  Most  Powerful  Light  in  the  World 

In  daily  use  at  the  Palace  Hotel  and  the  Union  Iron  "Works,  S.  F. 


For  Lighting  Mines,  Factories,  Mills,  Streets, 
Theaters,  Public  Halls,  Etc.,  It  has  no  Equal, 
either  for  Brilliancy  or  Cheapness. 

For  further  particulars,  Catalogues,  Prices,  Etc., 
apply  to 

WILLIAM    KERR, 

President  S.  P.  Telegraph  Supply  Co., 

903  Battery  St.,  San  Francisco. 


Address,  FBAS£K,  CHAT.MEB8  «St  CO..  Chicago,  111. 


'WttJL.ixcTs  snvciTia:  &c  co, 

MANUFACTURERS     OF 

THE  PATENT  CHANNEL  IRON  WHEELBARROWS, 


Li 
0. 


H 

LU 
111 
I 
CO 


o 


The  Strongest  Barrow  Made.  These  Barrows  are  made  by  Superior  Workmen,  and  of  the  best  material. 
All  sizes  kept  constantly  ou  hand. 

Lap-Welded  Pipe,  all  Sizes,  from  Three  to  Six  Inches.  Artesian  Well  Pipe.  Also,  Gal- 
vanized Iron  Boilers,  from  Twenty-five  to  One  Hundred  Gallons. 

Iron  Cut,  Punched,  and  Formed  for  making  pipe  on  ground,  where  required.  All  kinds  of  tools  supplied  for 
making  pipe.  Estimates  given  when  required.  Are  prepared  for  coating  all  size  of  pipes  with  a  composition  of 
Coal  Tar  and  Asphaltum. 

Office  and  Manufactory,  130  BBALB  STREET,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


Machinery. 


PACIFIC  MACHINERY  DEPOT. 
H.    P.    GREGORY    &    CO., 

Cor.  California  &  Market  Streets,  S.  r.  Cal 
Importers  of  and  Dealers  in 

Machinery  of  all  Descriptions. 

SOLE  AGENTS  FOR  PACIFIC  COAST  FOR 

J.  A.  Fay  &  Co.'s  Woodworking  Machinery, 

Bement  &  Sons'  Machinists'  Tools, 

Blake's  Patent  Steam  Pumps, 

N.  Y.  Belting  &  Packing  Co.'s  Rubber  Goods 

Sturtevant  Blowers  and  Exhaust  Fans, 

Tanlte  Co.'s  Emery  Wheels  and  Machinery 

Payne's  Vertical  Engines  and  Boilers, 

Tudson's  Standard  Governors, 

Dreyfus'  Self  Oilers, 

Gould  Manufacturing  Co.'s  Hand  Pumps, 

Piatt's  Patent  Fuse  Lighters, 

Lovejoy's  Planer  Knives. 

A    KILL    LINK  OP 

Belting,   Packing,  Hose,  and  Other 
MU1  and  Mining  Supplies  on  Hand. 

gSTSeml  fur  Illustrated  Catalogue. 


C.  H.  Evans 


THOMSON   &   EVANS, 

(Successors  to  Thomson  &  Parker.)] 

Engineers  and  Machinists. 


Steam  Pumps,  Steam  Engines,  Hoisting, 

Pumping,  Quartz  Mill,  Mining,  Saw 

Mill   Machinery,   Specialties. 

Plans  and  Specifications  for  Machinery  furnished.     Re- 
pairing promptly  attended  to. 

110  &  112  Beale  St.,  San  Francisco. 


FOB    SALE. 


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THE  IMPROVED  O'HARRA 

CHLORIDIZINQ  FUKNACE. 

Patented  Sept.  lOth,  1878. 

Now  in  Operation  at  the  Extra  Mining  Co. 'a 
Works,  Copper  City,  Shasta  Co.,  Cal. 

Two  men  and  two  cords  of  wood  roast 

Forty  Tons  of  Ore  in  Twenty-four  Hours, 

Giving  a  full  chlorination  (100%)  at  a  cost  of  80  cents  per 
on.     Address, 

'    O'HARRA    &    FERGUSON, 
Furnace vi lie,  Shasta  Co.,  Cal 
Or  CHAS.  W.  CRANE,  Agent, 

Room  10,  Safe  Deposit  Building,  San  Francisco. 


507  Mechanical  Movements. 

Every  mechanic  Should  have  a  copy  of  Brown's  607  Me- 
chanical Movements,  illustrated  and  described.  Inventors, 
model  makers  and  amateur  mechanics  and  students,  will 
find  the  work  valuable  far  beyond  its  cost.  Bold  by 
Dewby  &  Co.,  Patent  Agents  and  publishers  of  Mining 
and  Scibmtific  Prbss,  San  Francisco.  Price,  SI,  (post  paid. 


172 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS 


[March  15,  1879. 


[Continued  from  page  165.] 

760  level  Bhows  more  streaks  of  low  grade  ore  than  at 
any  time  yet.  Crosscutting  at  that  point  will  soon  be  m 
order.  The  south  lateral  drift  on  the  same  level  is  also 
showing  improvement.  .        . .    ,  .^ 

Alta  —Good    progress  is  being  make  in  the  double 
winze  on  the  line  with    the  Benton.     No  change  m  the 
north  drift  1550  level,  which  still  skirts  the  ledge  and  fol- 
lows the  clay. 
BELMONT  DISTRICT. 

Belmont.— Courier,  Mar.  1:  All  parts  of  the  mine  are 
without  change  during  the  past  week.  Stopes  are  looking 
well  and  yielding  an  increased  amount  of  pay  ore.  We 
have  advanced  south  raise— north  end  of  mine— since  last 
report  27  ft  in  a  well-defined  vcin  of  quartz,  assaying 
from  $25  to  S3S  per  ton.  The  ore  assays  a  little  more 
every  foot  advanced  in  hight,  and  will  not  be  long  before 
it  will  pay  for  mining  and  milling.  Have  also  advanced 
300  level  drift  12  ft  in  hard  blasting  ground.  Number 
tons  of  ore  extracted  for  the  week,  15;  average  assay,  fc96. 

High  bridge.— There  is  no  change  to  note  in  the  upper 
workings  of  the  mine  except  in  the  extreme  north  stope 
the  ore  is  lower  grade  than  formerly  though  it  pays  well 
for  extracting  and  milling.  Have  advanced  the  drift  on 
lower  level  north  17  ft,  south,  18  feet.  Hereafter  shall 
make  bullion  shipments  oftener  on  account  of  the  stage 
not  being  able  to  carry  at  a  trip  so  large  an  amount  as 
has  been  previously  shipped.  _ 

Gila.— There  is  no  change  to  report  in  either  the  east 
crosscut  or  winze  from  it  duriug  the  past  week.  In  the 
former  we  have  run  17  ft,  and  in  the  drift  from  the  latter 
21  ft  with  nothing  new  developed  in  either.  The  stores 
just  started  in  the  south  drift  are  looking  remarkably 
well;  much  better  than  was  expected.  \  small  force  of 
men  as  yet  have  been  at  work  upon  it,  but  the  number 
will  be  increased  as  soon  as  openings  are  made. 

EUREKA  DISTRICT. 

The  Richmond  Mine  —Sentinel,  Mar.  8:  This  mine 
ships  about  200  tons  of  ore  daily.  A  large  force  is  em- 
ployed around  the  hoisting  works,  and  everything  has  a 
lively  and  business-like  appearance.  The  work  progresses 
satisfactorily  under  Mr.  Kickard's  supervision,  aided  by 
Messrs.  Sam.  Longlev  and  William  Harris. 

Phoiinix  —The  incline  shaft  is  down  about  150  ft,  and 
the  work  is  pushed  forward  rapidly.  The  giraffe  in  the 
incline  is  a  large  one,  weighing  about  three  tons,  and 
could  not  work  in  a  better  manner.  The  usual  force  of 
men  are  employed  under  Pat  Rositer  as  foreman  and  W. 
H.  Davis  as  night  boss. 

Jackson— Everything  is  running  smoothly  and  about 
50  tons  are  shipped  to  the  Metamoras  daily,  with  every  in- 
dication that  the  amount  will  be  increased  shortly.  This 
amount,  with  what  they  buy  at  the  furnace,  keeps  it  run- 
ning regularly.  Mining  meu  claim  that  at  no  distant  day 
the°Jackson  will  develop  into  one  of  the  most  valuable 
properties  in  the  district. 

The  K  K.— The  shaft  is  down  to  the  800  level,  and  they 
are  now  cutting  out  for  the  station  at  that  level.  The 
water  is  easily  handled,  the  tank  bringing  up  800  gallons 
every  four  minutes  when  necessary.  Prospecting  on  the 
upper  levels  continues  as  usual. 

The  Hamburg.—  Superintendent  Powell,  in  his  weekly 
report,  says  the  intermediate  drift  was  run  17  ft  during 
the  week,  and  is  now  within  45  ft  of  the  upraise  from  the 
end  of  the  south  drift  on  the  450  level.  There  is  no  spe- 
cial change  to  note  in  the  size  or  quality  of  the  vein  of  ore. 
The  east  crosscut  of  the  400  level  has  been  continued  12  ft, 
making  a  total  of  23  ft,  with  the  face  in  clay  and  iron.  The 
600  level,  west  crosscut,  has  been  advanced  19  ft,  being  a 
total  of  169  ft  from  the  main  south  drift,  with  face  in  vein 
matter.  The  south  drift  from  the  main  crosscut  has  been 
advanced  18  ft,  being  a  total  of  107  ft,  with  no  material 
change.  The  winze  was  sunk  10  ft,  making  a  depth  of  69 
ft  below  the  600  level.  The  hoisting  machinery  at  the 
mine  is  in  good  order  and  working  well. 

REESE  RIVER  DISTRICT. 

Manhattan  Items—  Reveille,  Mar.  8:  The  ore  body  in 
the  Curtis  shaft,  above  the  517-west  drift  still  holds  good 
ore.  The  drift  is  being  push  ahead  in  order  to  open  out  a 
stope.  The  560  stope  has  nearly  reached  the  517  drift  on 
the  top  ledge.  The  bottom  ledge  though  small,  carries 
very  rich  ore  and  has  been  breasted  up  very  little.  The 
825  stope  is  being  opened  along  the  level  and  continues  to 
carry  very  high  grade  ore;  but  only  a  limited  number  of 
men  can  be  worked  on  account  of  ventilation.  Sinking 
the  winze  in  the  North  Star  shaft,  600  west  drift,  is 
making  very  good  progress. 

Western  Nte.—  Grantsville  Sun,  Mar.  8:  Specimens 
from  the  Ward  mine  are  fairly  aglow  with  ruby  silver. 
There  are  now  on  the  dump  four  tons,  which  will  go 
$1,500  per  ton;  16  tonB,  which  will  go  §600  per  ton.  The 
vein  so  far  varies  from  a  few  to  24  inches  in  thickness; 
depth  of  incline  700  ft,  and  perfectly  dry,  being  drained 
by  other  mines  on  Lander  hill.  The  Alexander  mine  is 
looking  well.  The  ledge  in  the  south  tunnel,  it  is  said, 
continues  in  high  grade  sulphuret  ore.  It  ha3  been  pen- 
etrated a  distance  of  24  ft,  and  no  sign  of  the  hanging 
wall  yet.  This  find  in  the  Alexander  is  daily  adding  value 
to  the  property. 

SECRET  CANYON  DISTRICT. 

Irish  Ambassador.—  Sentinel,  Mar.  8:  The  mine  is 
opened  by  an  inclined  shaft  140  ft  in  depth  from  the  sur- 
face. A  rich  seam  of  ore  continued  all  the  way  down  for 
100  ft.  At  this  point  it  opens  out  from  two  to  three  ft 
wide  and  contains  black  metal.  It  looks  as  if  it  would  as- 
say in  the  neighborhood  of  §1,500.  The  shaft  is  being 
sunk  through  the  hardest  kind  of  dolomitic  limestone. 
There  are  eight  or  ten  tons  of  ore  on  the  dump. 

ARIZONA. 

Globe. — Sliver  Belt,  Feb.  24:  A  cave  in  the  drift  of  the 
Washington  is  reported;  nobody  hurt.  The  vein  in  the 
Silver  Queen  drift,  120  ft  deep,  is  found  six  ft  wide,  and  is 
well  detined.  The  quartz  looks  much  better  than  in  the 
drift  30  ft  above.  Work  has  been  suspended  on  the  mine, 
as  Mr.  Crane  is  about  to  leave  for  California.  On  his  re- 
turn work  will  be  resumed.  The  ore  worked  from  the 
Centennial  mine  at  the  Miami  mill  went  very  high.  A 
piece  of  rich  ore  the  other  day  was  taken  from  the  Stone- 
wall Jackson  shaft  260  ft  down.  It  was  a  fine-grained 
quartz  with  silver  sulphurets  all  through  it.  The  ore  in 
the  Alice  shaft  has  improved.  Nodules  and  spots  of  rich 
black  sulphuret  ore  occur  in  the  ordinary  vein  rock.  An 
assay  made  recently  went  over  §3,000  per  ton,  the  piece  of 
course  being  selected  and  freed  from  waste.  Lieurance 
Bros.  &  Co.  are  working  on  the  Mattie  West  lode,  near  the 
McCormick  mine.  There  is  a  20-ft  shaft  on  the  ledge. 
Some  rich  ore  has  been  found  in  the  croppings.  Good  ore 
is  still  being  obtained  from  the  Miami  lode.  The  Buckeye 
shaft  is  230  ft  deep.  The  ore  will  go  about  §70  per  ton. 
It  is  not  known  how  large  the  vein  is,  but  a  crosscut  will 
be  run  for  the  hanging  wall.  There  has  been  some  excite- 
ment at  the  Richmond  basin  over  the  re-location  of  the 
McDowell  claim,  which,  it  is  said,  had  insufficient  work 
done  on  it.  The  claim  in  question  was  the  northwesterly 
extension  of  the  Mack  Morris  mine  and  is,  no  doubt, 
valuable  ground. 

Other  Notes. — Sentinel,  Mar.  1:  Work  on  the  Tiger 
mine  has  been  prosecuted  with  vigor.  The  immense 
hoisting  works  are  finished  and  in  successful  operation. 
The  mill  will  be  running  by  the  middle  of  May.  A  new 
shaft  has  been  opened;  it  is  now  down  70  ft.  There  are 
over  500  tons  of  fine  ore  on  the  dump.  The  company  has 
spent  already  §120,000  on  the  mine  and  machinery.  The 
ore  is  rich  in  sulphurets  and  free  silver,  and  is  very  tract- 
able. The  Blackburn  gold  mine  has  its  main  shaft  down 
over  90  ft.  and  sinking  is  being  pushed  night  and  day. 
Another  rich  mine  has  been  discovered  this  week  in  the 
Papago  country,  by  Dr.  DeCorse  and  A.  Contreras.  It  is 
just  across  the  Mexican  line.  Considerable  mining  for 
placer  gold  has  been  done  this  winter  by  Mexicans, 
around  the  Ellen  Gowan,  Spruce,  and  Hemlock  mines,  in 
Montezuma  district,  near  Castle  Dome.  These  are  copper 
mines,  but  carry  considerable  free,  coarse  gold,  which  is 
washed  out  of  their  debris. 


News  in  Brie£ 

Napa  City  is  under  water. 

Germany;  is  free  from  the  cattle  plague. 

There  is  a  glut  of  silver  in  Austro- Hungary. 

The  late  French  Ministry  is  to  be  impeached. 

A  copper  lode  has  been  found  below  Salinas. 

Qiteen  Victoria  will  aoon  visit  the  Conti- 
nent. 

The  Turkish  troops  entered  Adrianople  on 
the  12th. 

The  schooner  Alaska  is  going  north  after 
whales. 

Spotted  typhus  is  prevalent  at  St.  Peters- 
burg. 

Thursday,  April  3d,  will  be  fast  day  in  Massa- 
chusetts. 

The  Cabinet  has  appointed  a  National  Board 
of  Health. 

France  and  Portugal  are  about  to  blockade 
Dahomey. 

There  is  a  famine  in  Bolivia,  8  to  10  persons 
dying  daily. 

Fourteen  Gloucester  fishing  vessels  are  sup- 
posed to  be  lost. 

The  remains  of  Bayard  Taylor  reached  New 
York  on  the  12th. 

Another  prisoner  escaped  from  the  Stockton 
jail  Saturday  night. 

Official  report  states  the  plague  to  be  mas- 
tered in  Russia. 

Columbus,  Ohio,  has  to  be  patroled  at 
night  to  prevent  arson. 

The  British  have  sustained  another  crushing 
defeat  from  the  Zulus. 

Shifti.ng  sandbars  on  the  Sacramento,  are 
giving  steamers  much  trouble. 

Australia  estimates  that  she  has  10,000  citi- 
zens who  need  hanging. 

The  Polytechnical  Institution  at  London  was 
destroyed  by  fire  Mar.  7th. 

The  Zulus  are  commanded  by  experienced 
officers  said  to  be  Americans. 

Water  from  the  Julia  mine  is  now  being 
pumped  through  the  Sutro  tunnel. 

Sonoma,  Napa  and  Mendocino  counties  are 
overrun  with  school  teachers. 

The  situation  in  upper  Burmah  is  regarded 
very  serious  for  European  residents. 

Bismarck's  Parliamentary  Discipline  bill  has 
been  rejected  in  the  Reichstag. 

A  fearful  wind  and  rainstorm  has  prevailed 
in  Oregon  for  several  days  past. 

The  city  will  ship  15  Chinese  lepers  to  their 
native  land,  by  the  next  steamer. 

The  Bank  Commissioners  have  finished  with 
the  city  and  now  go  to  the  country. 

Bolivia  is  becoming  the  rival  of  Chile  and 
Peru  in  the  production  of  nitrate  of  soda. 

In  the  Morrisite  massacre  case  at  Salt  Lake, 
the  jury  returned  a  verdict  of  not  guilty, 

Switzerland  is  experiencing  the  hardest 
times  she  has  seen  in  a  quarter  of  a  century. 

A.N  international  congress  has  been  called  at 
Paris  to  arrange  for  a  ship  canal  across  Darien. 

The  Southern  Pacific  railroad  track  has 
reached  a  point  830  miles  east  of  San  Francisco. 

The  Royalists  in  France  are  engaging  in  an 
active  campaign  in  favor  of  a  protective  policy. 

Bishop  Burton,  charged  with  the  murder  of 
the  Morrisite  Mrs.  Bowman,  has  been  acquitted. 

Dispatches  state  that  real  estate  is  in  more 
demand  in  New  York-  than  it  has  been  for 
years. 

The  population  of  Djuma,  Macedonia,  is  emi- 
grating en  masse  before  the  advance  of  Turkish 
troops. 

Eight  persons  were  killed  in  the  Victoria 
coal  pit,  England,  Saturday,  by  the  fall  of  a 
cage. 

The  first  shipment  of  American  iron  ever 
made  to  China  occurred  at  New  York  last  week, 
100  tons. 

Female  suffrage  has  been  rejected  by  the 
English  House  of  Commons,  by  a  vote  of  217 
to  103. 

Many  persons  were  injured  at  North  Ber- 
wick, Me.,  by  the  giving  way  of  the  door  of  a 
public  hall. 

A  gang  of  swindlers  in  the  East  are  obtain- 
ing subscriptions  for  a  pretended  memorial  to 
Bayard  Taylor. 

It  is  said  that  the  ardent  feeling  in  Dakota  in 
favor  of  admission  as  a  State  has  received  a 
sudden  chill. 

The  Union  Pacific  has  purchased  the  Kansas 
Pacific  railroad,  and  the  two  will  hereafter  be 
operated  as  one. 

Spotted  Tail's  Indians  are  becoming  dissat- 
isfied with  their  new  location,  and  want  to  get 
back  to  the  Missouri. 

The  band  which  recently  entered  Thessaly 
from  Greece  have  been  dispersed  by  Turkish 
troops  and  several  killed. 

A  movement  is  on  foot  in  this  city  for  hold- 
ing a  woman's  mass  meeting  in  support  of  the 
new  Constitution. 

The  settlers  on  the  Los  Bolsas  rancho,  Santa 
Barbara  county,  spent  $14,000  in  litigation  with 
the  land  company. 

Texas  expends  from  §150,000  to  $200,000  an- 
nually to  support  a  battalion  of  State  troops  for 
the  protection  of  the  frontier. 

In  the  mining  debris  case,  at  Wheatland, 
Judge  Keyser  has  granted  a  perpetual  injunc- 
tion against  the  Little  York  mine. 

The  body  of  policeman  Chamberlain,  who 
disappeared  from  Sacramento  10  months  ago, 
has  been  found  in  the  Sacramento  river. 

The  Los  Angeles  Woolen  mill  reservoir,  con- 
taining 100,000,000  gallons,  burst  its  dam  on  the 
6th  inst.,  flooding  the  lower  portion  of  the  city. 

Keene  has  offered  $10,000  reward  for  the  de- 
tection of  the  person  who  forged  his  name  to 
the  dispatch  in  connection  with  the  recent 
■wheat  conspiracy. 


List  of  U.  S.  Patents  Issued  to  Pacific 
Coast  Inventors. 


[From  Official  Rkports  for  toe  Mining  and  Scientific 

Prbsb,  DEWEY  &  CO.,  Publishers  and  U.  S. 

and  Foreign  Patent  Agents.] 

By  Special  Dispatch  from  Washington.  D.  C. 

'   For  the  Week  Ending  March  4th,  1879. 
Improvement  in  Systems  of  Pumping  and  Cooling— E.  J. 

Molera  and  J.  C.  Cebrian,  S.  F. 
Quartz-Mills — D.  H.  Anderson,  S.  F. 
Music-Leaf  Turners— O.  H.  Goodwin,  S.  F. 
Sewing  and  Embroidering  Machines— L.  C.  Mumford,  S.  F. 
Cork-Extractors — L.  C.  Mumford,  S.  F. 
Method  and  Apparatus  for  Photographing  Objects  in 

Motion — 2  Patents — E,  J.  Muybridge,  S.  F. 
Wave-Puwers  for  Propelling  Vessels— J.   B.   Greene, 

Elliott,  CaL 
Insecticides— J.  C  Benton,  Santa  Barbara,  Cal. 
Bkd-Bottoms— W.  H.  Leining-er,  Salem,  Ogn. 
Amalgamators— P.  Dickson,  Spearflsh  City,  Dakota  Ter. 
Sauces — Trademark— J.  Lusk  &  Co.,  Oakland,  Cal. 
Ointments— Trademark— J.  L.  Standart,  Lemore,  CaL 

The  patents  are  not  ready  for  delivery  by  the  Patent 

Office  until  some  14  days  after  the  date  of  issue. 

Note.— Copies  of  U.  S.  and  Foreign  Patents  furnished 
by  Dewey  &  Co.,  in  the  shortest  time  possible  (by  tel- 
gTaph  or  otherwise)  at  ti.e  lowest  rates.  All  patent  busi- 
ness for  Pacific  coast  inventors  transacted  with  perfect 
security  and  in  the  shortest  possible  time. 


Notices  of  Recent  Patents. 

Among  the  patents  recently  obtained  through 
Dewey  &  Co.  's  Scientific  Press  American  and 
Foreign  Patent  Agency,  the  following  are  worthy 
of  special  mention: 

Winding  Attachment  for  Clocks. —  S. 
Serighelli,  San  Francisco.  This  invention  re- 
lates to  an  improved  winding  attachment  for 
clocks,  and  consists  in  placing  at  any  desired 
point  under  the  floor  at  the  main  entrance  of  a 
building  the  works  of  a  clock,  which  are  so  con- 
nected with  a  movable  section  of  the  floor  that 
the  weight  of  the  persons  passing  over  said  floor 
section  will  depress  it  and  thus  wind  up  the 
spring  which  furnishes  power  to  the  clock 
movement.  The  dials  may  be  placed  at  suitable 
points  in  different  parts  of  the  building,  the  one 
movement  furnishing  power  to  the  various  dials 
by  meanB  of  endless  cords  passing  around  the 
main  drum,  and  thence  through  tubes  and  over 
and  under  small  pulleys  to  the  drum  behind  the 
dials,  which  is  mounted  on  the  shaft  carrying 
the  hands.  Small  pulleys  are  enclosed  at  the 
corners,  where  the  line  of  direction  of  the  pipes 
through  which  the  operating  cords  are  led  is 
changed.  The  cord  operates  without  stopping, 
and  any  slack  is  automatically  taken  up.  Meas- 
ures are  also  taken  to  prevent  over-winding. 
This  device  is  a  very  ingenious  one,  and  is 
especially  adapted  for  large  buildings  where 
there  are  a  number  of  clocks,  as  they  can  all  be 
run  by  one  movement  and  receive  no  care. 
Several  of  these  are  running  in  this  city  at  pres- 
ent. 

Expansion  Pulley. — S.  Serighelli,  S.  F. 
This  expansion  pulley  is  used  by  Mr.  Serighelli 
in  connection  with  his  improved  clock,  but  is 
adapted  for  all  purposes  for  which  pulleys  are 
made,  being  specially  useful  for  lathes,  sewing 
machines,  etc.  The  pulley  is  formed  in  sec- 
tions, each  of  which  has  attached  to  it  a  staple 
or  lug,  which  projects  through  a  slot  so  as  to 
come  through  a  disk  of  metal.  On  the  oppo- 
site side  of  this  disk  are  springs  corresponding 
in  number  to  the  sections  of  the  pulley,  and  to 
each  lug  or  each  section  is  fastened  one  of  the 
springs.  The  pulley  sections  are  then  each  one 
attached  to  the  disk  by  means  of  the  lugs  and 
springs;  but  the  elongated  slots  admit  of  a  cer- 
tain amount  of  play  to  the  lugs  and  sections 
outwardly  from  the  center.  The  shaft  on  which 
the  pulley  is  mounted  is  threaded  and  a  cone  is 
screwed  on  to  it,  so  that  when  the  cone  is 
screwed  up  so  as  to  enter  a  central  slot  it 
pushes  the  sections  apart  and  increases  the 
diameter  of  the  pulley.  This  action  brings  a 
tension  on  the  springs  which  hold  the  sections 
to  the  disk,  and  when  the  cone  is  screwed 
back  the  springs  draw  the  sections  together 
again  and  decrease  the  diameter  of  the  pulley. 
This  expansion  pulley  is  very  simple  in  con- 
struction and  operation,  and  is  especially  use- 
ful in  small  machines  for  tightening  belts,  etc. 
Mr.  Serighelli's  address  is  694  McAllister 
street,  S.  F. 

Rodent  Exterminator. — John  C.  Benton, 
Santa  Barbara.  This  invention  relates  to 
that  class  of  compounds  used  for  poison- 
ing squirrels,  gophers,  rats  and  other  rodents, 
and  that  which  is  new  and  valuable  in 
it  consists  in  the  combination  of  poisons 
that  will  be  immediately  and  surely  effective, 
and  so  combined  with  other  materials  as  to  pre- 
serve the  properties  and  powers  of  the  poisons, 
and  render  them  safe  and  convenient  to  handle 
and  use,  and,  especially,  rendering  the  com- 
pound so  attractive  to  said  rodents,  that  they 
will  eagerly  seek  and  eat  it. 

Propelling  Vessels. — James  B.  Green,  El- 
liott, San  Joaquin  Co.  This  invention  relates 
to  an  improved  method  of  propelling  vessels  by 
wave  power,  and  the  improvements  consist  in 
mounting  upon  timbers  or  frames  projecting 
over  the  end  of  the  vessel,  a  series  of  frames 
carrying  movable  buckets  or  paddles.  These 
buckets  are  hinged  at  their  forward  ends  and 


the  after  ends  have  a  certain  amount  of  vertical 
play.  As  the  vessel  rises  and  falls  on  the  waves, 
the  buckets  automatically  alter  their  angles,  so 
that  the  power  of  the  wave  will  force  the  vessel 
ahead.  Means  are  provided  for  raising  the 
frames,  carrying  the  buckets  out  of  the  water 
when  it  is  desired  to  stop  their  action. 


The  Mechanics'  Institute  Pair. 

The  Managers  of  the  San  Francisco  Mechan- 
ics' Institute  have  begun  preparations  for  their 
annual  industrial  exhibition.  The  date  has 
been  fixed  for  opening,  August  9th,  and  for 
closing,  September  6th.  At  the  annual  meeting 
held  this  week,  Irving  M.  Scott,  President, 
made  a  few  remarks  preparatory  to  presenting 
his  report.  He  stated  that  during  the  last 
quarter  the  officers  of  the  Institute  had  been 
busy  attending  to  the  affairs  under  their  charge, 
and  although  the  library  room  waB  inadequate 
to  hold  the  books  now  in  it,  they  had  concluded 
to  postpone  contemplated  improvements  until 
after  the  next  exhibition.  The  building  was  in 
good  condition,  and  only  required  a  few  altera- 
tions to  make  it  answer  every  purpose.  He 
then  gave  the  condition  of  the  various  funds  of 
the  Institute  and  other  matters  of  interest,  as 
follows:  Library  room  and  building  fund, 
$S90.01;  pavilion  fund,  $267.48;  sinking  fund, 
S7S2.34;  total  on  hand  March  1st,  1879,  $lr 
939.  S3.  During  the  year  644  persons  have 
joined  the  Institute,  being  an  average  of  53 
each  month.  At  present  there  are  1,711  mem- 
bers, a  gain  of  61;  life  members  142,  a  loss  of 
6;  honorary  members  5,  a  loss  of  1;  total  mem- 
bership on  March  1st,  1,858.  During  the  year 
1,886  new  vol umeB  have  been  added  to  the  li- 
brary— an  average  of  157  each  month;  and  the 
circulation  for  the  same  time  was  65,302  vol- 
umes— an  average  of  5,441  per  month. 

D.  A.  McDonald,  Vice-President  of  the  In- 
stitute, was  then  introduced,  and  made  a  short 
speech,  in  which  he  congratulated  the  members 
on  the  prosperity  of  the  Society,  and  the  har- 
mony and  good  feeling  that  prevailed  at  the 
meeting. 

After  the  returns  of  the  election  for  Trustees, 
on  the  3d  instant,  had  been  read,  Irving  M. 
Scott,  Columbus  Waterhouse,  A.  D.  Fish,  Na- 
thaniel Hunter,  A.  W.  Starbird,  James  Drury 
and  F.  A.  Frank,  the  Board  of  Trustees  elect, 
took  the  oath  of  office,  and  the  meeting  ad- 
journed. 

New  Incorporations. 

Orient  and  Occident  G.  &  S.  M.  Co.— Object:  To  mine 
in  Mexico.  Capital.  510,000,000.  Directors— L.  B.  Clark, 
W.  A.  Roberts,  D.  W,  Douthitt,  F.  MacCrellish,  R.  R. 
Clark,  W.  P.  Edwards,  Jr.  and  ,1.  S.  Jefferies. 

Orkat  Rkhiblic  G.  M.  Co.— Capital,  §10,000,000.  Trus- 
tees—W.  H.  Harpur,  John  H.  Collins,  George  W.  Smith, 
Frank  Tippets  and  Charles  Jost. 

Noonday  Con.  M.  Co,— Capital,  $10,000,000.  Directore 
— R  C.  Hooker,  George  B.  Root,  William  B.  Carr,  William 
J.  Taylor  and  G.  A.  Holden. 

Pacific  Coast  Oil  Co.— Object:  To  deal  in  oils  and  oil 
lands.  Capita!,  $1,000,000.  Directors— Charles  N.  Felton, 
L.  D.  Fisk,  George  Loomis,  George  W.  HegeB  and  E.  H. 
Forester. 

Nevada  County  Con.  Placbr  M.  Co.— Capital,  $12,600,- 
000.  Directors— E.  Derbec,  J.  T.  Morgan,  N,  P.  Brown, 
E.  M.  Preston,  E.  Hamilton,  A.  Nivens,  Jr.  and  John  Pat- 
tison. 

Omega  Blue  Gravel  M.  Co.—  Capital,  $12,500,000.  Di- 
rectors—E.  Derbec,  J.  T.  Morgan,  N.  P.  Brown,  E.  M. 
Preston,  E.  Hamilton,  A.  Nivens,  Jr.  and  John  Pattison. 

Alpha  Blue  Gravel  M.  Co.— Capital,  $12,500,000.  Di- 
rectors—E.  Derbec,  J.  T.  'Morgan,  N.  P.  Brown,  E.  M. 
Preston,  E.  Hamilton,  A.  Nivens,  Jr.  and  John  Pattison. 

Great  Washington  Blue  Gravel  M.  Co.  —Capital,  $12,- 
500,000.  Directors— E.  Derbec,  J.  T.  Morgan,  N.  P. 
Brown,  E.  M.  Preston,  E.  Hamilton,  A.  Nivens,  Jr.  and 
John  Pattison. 

Iron  Cap  M.  Co.— Object;  To  operate  in  California  and 
Arizona.  Capital,  $10,000,000.  Directors—  W.  Sherman, 
O.  F.  Willey,  J.  A.  Robinson,  J.  R.  Larphani  and  J*.  H, 
Horton. 

Hartford  S.  M.  Co.— Object:  To  operate  in  Inyo 
county,  Cal.  Capital.  $10,000,000.  Directors— F.  B. 
Howard,  George  S.  Burnett,  M.  F.  Dailey,  B.  W.  Mudge 
and  W.  R.  Carton. 

Green  Mountain  M.  Co.— Capital,  $1,350,000.  Directors 
— H.  C.  Bidwell,  Ivan  Prowwattain,  R.  E.  Brewster,  P.  H. 
Knauer  and  E  V.  Joice. 

.  Morgan  Gravel  M.  Co.— Capital,  $300,000.  Directors— 
R.  L.  S.  Hall,  William  Sherman,  D.  A.  Bennett,  R.  M. 
Anthony  and  D.  W.  C.  Morgan. 

Leplbr  M.  Co.— Object:  To  operate  in  Nevada.  Capi- 
tal, $5,000,000.  Directors— William  Dunphy,  W.  H. 
Sharp,  Peter  Lefler,  J.  L.  King  and  J.  P.  Sargent. 

Golden  State  Con.  M.  Co.— Object:  To  operate  in 
Amador  county,  Cal.  Capital,  $5,000,000.  Directois— 
Charles  W.  Badger,  Wingate  P.  Sargent,  Sidney  Sargent, 
Edward  B.  Partridge  and  George  W.  Bibbens. 

Brooklyn  Con.  M.  Co.— Object:  To  operate  in  Bodie 
district,  Cal.  Capital,  $10,000,000.  Directors— W.  K. 
Levendge.  E.  S.  Noyes,  Thomas  Wallace,  I.  M.  Menill  and 
John  F.  McGeoghegan. 


Fresh  attractions  are  constantly  added  to  Wood- 
ward's Gardens,  amonir  which  is  Prof.  Gruber's  great 
educator,  the  Zoographicon.  Each  department  increases 
daily,  and  the  Pavilion  performances  are  more  popular 
than  ever.  All  new  novelties  find  a  place  at  this  wonder- 
ful resort.     Prices  remain  as  usual. 


Any  person  receiving  this  paper  after'giving  an  order  to 
stop  it,  may  know  that  such  order  has  failed  to  reach  us, 
so  that  the  paper  is  continued  inadvertently,  and  they  are 
earnestly  requested  to  Bend  wiitten  notice  direct  to  Us. 
We  aim  to  stop  the  paper  promptly  when  it  is  ordered  dis 
continued. 


Examine  the  accelerative  endowment  plan,  as  originated 
by  the  Mutual  Benefit  Life  Insurance  Co.,  of  Newark, 
New  Jersey.  Assets,  $30,533,429.94.  Lewis  C.  Grover, 
President;  L  Spencer  Coble,  Vice-President;  Benjamin  C. 
Miller,  Treasurer;  Edward  A.  Strong,  Secretary;  Bloom- 
field  J.  Miller,  Actuary.  Send  for  circulars  to  James 
Munsell,  Jr.,  agent  of  insured,  224  Sansome  St.,  San 
Francisco. 

Experimental  Machinery,  drawings,  patterns,  models, 
all  kinds  of  electrical  and  telegraphic  apparatus  to  order. 
See  ad.     F.  W.  Fuller,  415  Market  St.,  second  floor,  S.  F. 


Chew  Jaceson's  Best  Sweet  Navy  Tobaoco 


March  15,  1879.! 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


173 


.  1970. 


GENERAL  MERCHANDISE. 

i wholbulb.  i 
Wbdsemdav  m..  Km 

B.tfcH    Jobbing.  IPluWr.  C.ildcii 

Ibm  Standard  Wheat.  9  '<r  9>>    Gate  MilU. ...  3  00  (ft  3  25 
SrrHle  k  Co.  [Land  P!a.Ur.  tu  10  00  (a  12  60 

Hand  Sowed.  21x36..  9  df  911  Vila*. 

J4X38 -'?-    Am  led  atzua.  Boa  2  LO  @  3  00 


J3lM 11  V 

Machine  Swd.  Ol36.  9  W  9| 
flour  8acka,hal.c«....  Sltorlu 

guart«ni I'm  61 
tfhlb. 3|<4  4 

BmIu.  60  Inch 13  <@1< 

45  Inch 8  (d  9 

10  Inch 7|<9  6 

Wool  Sicta. 
Hand  Hewd.  3|  B>..46  W50 

4»do. 

Machine  Hi-wc-1 


OILS. 

Pacific  OlueCo'l 

Naatataot,  No  1.1  00  (4  90 
Cutor.  No  1 1  10  14    — 

Jo,  (To  2 1  05  @    - 

Bakera  A  A 1  25  Ml  30 

OUtc.  PlagnIol....S  25  «tt  75 

Poand 1  IE  »  ■ 

Palm.  lb 9  W    — 

Lliuoed,  Raw.  bbt.    73 


Standard  Gunnlea. 

Bean  Bae. 

TAHDI.BB. 

CrjatalWaa 17  ®- 

Eaglo 12®- 

Patent  rtiK-rm 30(3— 

CAMMED  <.OOI>«. 

Aaiorted  Pie  Fruit*. 

Mlhcana 2  00  8    - 

Table  do 3  Id  '■• 

Jam*  and  Jelliei.  .3  50  to?    — 

Plcklea,  h(  »al 3  15  (*    - 

Sardine.,  qr  boi..l  67t«»l  90 

Hi  Boxea 2  50  lft2  75 

Prcaenred    Beef. 

3D>.dos 4  00  (ft    — 

do  Beef.  4  lb.doz.6  50  (g    — 
preaerred  Mutton. 

31b.  do* 4  CO  @    — 

Beef  Tongue 6  50  @    — 

Preaerred     Ham. 

21b,  doz 6  50  <a    — 

Derlled  Ham,  1  lb, 

do* 5  50  8    — 

do  Hani.  )lbdoz.3  00  (4    — 
<  O  II.     Jolil.lliB. 

Australian,  too..  8  00   if 

Oooa  Bay 6  50  (ft  7  00 

BalUiiabam  Bay.  6  50  (3-   — 

Seattle 6  00  (<t  6  50 

Cumberland 14  00  W 

Ut  Diablo 4  75  10  6  00 

Lehigh 13  50  ft* 

Liverpool 7  50  &  8  00 

Wert  Hartley... 10  50  m 

Scotch 10  60  IS 

Seiautou 11  50  W 

Vancouver  Id. . .  7  00  % 

Charcoal.  Back.. .      75  @ 

i.\.ke.  l.l.l 60  (a) 

COFFEE. 

Sandwich  Id.  lb.      -  <a 

CoataRica 15  g      16 

Guatemala. 15  (5)      16 

Jara. 23  OT—  26 

Manila 17  W 

Ground.  in  ca. . .     25  (*■ 

FISH. 
Bao'to  Dry  Cod..       4)9      5( 

do    Li  caaea. .        5  (ft       6 

Eaatern  Cod.... OT 

Salmon,  bbla....  8  00  &  9  00 

Hf  bblB 5  00  <a>  5  50 

1  lb  cans 1  40  Co?  1  45 

Pkld  Cod.  bbla. .22  00  <S 

HI  bbla 11  00  @ 

Mackerel.  No.  L 

Hf  BbU 9  50  @I0  50 

InKlta 1  85  &  2  10 

Ex  Mesa 3  25  (ft 

Pkld  Herring,  bx  3  00  (*  3  50 
Boston  Smkd  H'g     70  @ 

1 1  in:.  Etc. 

Lime,  8ta  Cruz, 
bbl 1  25  (3  1  50 

Cement,  Roaen- 

dale 3  00  (3  2  25 

Portland 4  00  <S 


I  'liin.  nut, 


Bolle.1 75  1? 


Cocoanut. 


M  i.n 

fwal 


70  S    79| 


Coa.it  Whalea 40  oil  - 

Polar 45<S  - 

Lard 90  Ml  00 

Oleophlne 22    3  M 

Deioea  Brllt IS  Cj  33] 

Photonic -  (5  — 

Nonpariel 31  df  321 

Eureka 18(4  42] 

Barrel  kerosene...    20  OJ  — 

Downer  Ker 37J«r  - 

Elaine 37!®  - 

■MINTS. 

Pure  White  Load,      li  8| 

Whiting 1J<| 

Putty 4  6}  6 

Chalk US  - 

Paris  White 2|S  — 

Ochre 31®  — 

Venetian  Red 3j@  — 

Averill  Mixed 
Paint,       gal 

Whlte&tinta...2  00  @2  40 
Green.    Blue     & 

Ch  Yellow 3  00  (93  50 

Light  Red 3  00  <j?3  50 

Metallic  Roof...]  30  (SI  60 

Kin:. 

nhlna.  Mixed,  lb..      5  @  5 

Hawaiian 7®  7. 

SALT. 

CaL  Bay.  ton.. ..15  00  (*22  50 

Common 10  00  (312  00 

Camion  Id 12  00  ®14  00 

Liverpool  line... 19  00  ® 

SOAP. 

Caatlle.  lb 10® 

Common  brands. .      4i® 

Fancy  branda 7  ®  8 

SPICES. 

Clovea.  lb 45  ®  50 

Cassia 221®  25 

Nutmegs 85  <f$  90 

Pepper  Grain 15  @  17 

Pimento 15®  16 

Mustard,        CaL, 

'lb  glass 150®  - 

si  i,  tie,  ETC. 

CaL  Cube,  tb 111(3  - 

Powdered Hi®  — 

Fine  crushed Hi®  — 

Granulated 11  ®  — 

Golden  C 9l"»  - 

Cal.  Syrup.  kgH. . .    70  ®  — 

Hawaiian  Mol'&ses    26  (3  30 

TEA. 
Young        Hyson, 

Moyune.  etc 27  @  30 

Country  pekd  Gun- 
powder k  Im- 
perial      50  @  60 

Hyson 30  @  35 

Fooo-Chow  0 35  @  — 

Japan.  1st  quality    40  (ft  — 

2dquality 20  (ft  25 


10! 


METALS. 

tWUUMlaALE. 

WKDNKHDAY  M.. 


,  March  12.  187?. 

Ibon.— 

American  Pfg,  soft,  ton 23  00  @26  00 

Scotch  Pig,  ton 25  50  (£26  50 

American  Wbite  Pig,  ton 23  00  <<» 

Oregon  Pig,  ton i..2G  50  t$o 

Refined  Bar 2J@        3 

Home  SboeB,  keg 5  00  @ i 

Na.il  Rod -W       7 

Norway,  according  to  thickness *>i@       7 

Copper.— 

Sheathing,  lb 34  (9      35 

8heathii.g,  Yellow 19  @      20 

Sheathing,  Old  Yellow —  @- 

Bteel.— 

EngUsh  Cast,  lb 16  @      17 

Black  Diamond,  ordinary  sizes 16  @- 

DriU ,       '  ■ 

Flat  Bar 

Plow  Steel .' 

Tin  Plates.— 

10rl4  I  0  Charcoal 

10x14  I  C  Coke 

Banca  Tin 

Australian 15J@ 

Zinc— 

By  the  Cask 9  &■ 

Zinc,  Sheet  7x3  ft.  7  to  10,  lb.  less  than  cask. .        9j@- 

Nails.— 
Assorted  sizes 2  90®3  00 


-10 


LUMBER. 

Wednesday  m.,  March  12,  1879. 


CARGO       PBICES       OF 
BEDWOOD. 

Rough,  M 13  00 

Refuse 9  00 

Clear 23  00 

Clear  Refuse 13  00 

Rustic 23  50 

Refuse 18  00 

Surfaced 20  00 

Refuse 14  00 

Flooring 20  00 

Refuse 12  00 

Beaded  Flooring 

Refuse 13  00 

Half-inch  Siding 16  00 

Refuse 14  00 

HalHnch  Surfaced 20  00 

Refuse 14  00. 

Half-Inch  Battens 16  001 


PITGET      SOI  M»    PINE 

RETAIL  PRICE. 

Rough,  M 18  00 

Fencing 18  00 

Flooring  and  Step 28  00 

Narrow 30  00 

2d  quality 25  00 

Laths 3  50 

Furring,  lineal  ft J 

REIfclYOOD. 

RETAIL  PRICE. 

Rough,  M 18  00 

Refuse 14  00 

Pickets,  Rough 15  00 

Pointed 16  00 

Fancy 22  50 

Siding 20  50 

Surfaced  &  Long  Beaded30  00 

Flooring 30  00 

Refuse U2  &0 


Pickets,  Rough 11  00'  Half-inch  Surfaced 

Rough,  Pointed 12  50-  Rustic,  No.  1 

Kiucy,  Pointed 18  OOiBattena,  lineal  ft... 

Shingles 1  TS'Shinelos  M 


.30  00 
..30  00 


Signal  Service  Meteorological  Report. 

San  Francisco.— Week  ending  March  11, 1879. 


HIOHP8T  AND  LOWEST   BAROMETER. 


Mar  5 

Mar  6 

Mar  7 

Mar  8 

29.076 
20.897 

30.135 
29.967 

30.043 
29.982 

30.081 
30.030 

58.5  1 
55.5 


30.185  30.306 
30.024  |  30.205 

.  MAXIMUM  AND  MINIMUM  riiKKMOMKTKR. 


30.307 
30.308 


58.7  I   55   I   69   I   00   I   69.7 

49.3  1   47   |   48   I   61.2  |   50.7  I   52 

MKAN  DAILY   HUMIDITY. 

86      |      72.3  I      73.3  |      72.6  |      79       |      72       |      77.3 

PREVAILING   WIND. 

S      |    SW     |     SW     |      SW     |      W      |      W      |      N 

WIND — MILES  TRAVELED. 

402  |  360  |  230   |  257  |  301  I  134   |  123 

STATE   OF   WEATHER. 

Rainy  |    Fair.  ]  Cloudy  ,  Cloudy  j  Fair.    |     Fair,    i  Clear. 

RAINFALL  IN  TWENTY-FOUR   HOURS. 

2.73    |    1.14    |     .95      I       .13    I     1.05    I  | 

Total  rain  during-  tue  season,  from  July  1,  1878,  19.10  in. 


DEWEY   &   CO. 
American  &  Foreign  Patent  Agents 

OFFICE,  20-2  SANSOME  St.,  N.ECor.  Pisb,S.  F. 

PATKXTS  obtained  promptly;  Oavoata  tiled 
expeditiously;  Patent  Kui»tiiies  taken  out 
Alignments  DUtde  and  raOGrafid  in  legal  form; 
Copies  of  Patents  and  Assigiuiifiits  procured; 
Examinations  of  Patents  made  here  and  at 
Washington;  Examinations  made  of  Assign- 
ments recorded  in  Washington;  Examinations 
ordered  and  reported  hy  Telegraph;  Rejects  I 
cases  taken  up  and  Patents  obtained;  Inter 
fcrences  Prosecuted;  Opinions  rendered  re 
garding  the  validity  of  Patents  and  Assign- 
ments; Every  legitimate  branch  of  Patent 
Agency  Businoss  promptly  and  thoroughly 
conducted. 

Our  intimate  knowledge  of  the  various  inven- 
tions of  this  coast,  and  long  practice  in  patent 
business,  enable  us  to  abundantly  satisfy  our 
patrons;  and  our  success  and  business  are 
constantly  increasing.^ 

The  shrewdest  and  most  experienced  Inventors 
are  found  among  our  most  steadfast  friends 
and  patrons,  who  fully  appreciate  our  advan- 
tages in  bringing  valuable  inventions  to  the 
notice  of  the  public  through  the  columns  of 
our  widely  circulated,  first-class  journals — 
thereby  facilitating  their  introduction,  sale 
and  popularity. 

Foreign  Patents. 

In  addition  to  American  Patents,  we  secure, 
with  the  assistance  of  co-operative  agents, 
claims  in  all  foreign  countries  which  grant 
Patents,  including  Great  Britain,  France, 
Belgium,  Prussia,  Austria,  Baden,  Peru, 
Russia,  Spain,  British  India,  Saxony,  British 
Columbia,  Canada,  Norway,  Sweden,  Mexico, 
Victoria,  Brazil,  Bavaria,  Holland,  Denmark, 
Italy,  Portugal,  Cuba,  Roman  States, 
Wurtemburg,  New  Zealand,  New  South 
Wales,  Queensland,  Tasmania,  Brazil,  New 
Granada,  Chile,  Argentine  Republic,  AND 
EVERY  COUNTRY  IN  THE  WORLD 
where  Patents  are  obtainable. 

No  models  are  required  in  European  countries, 
but  the  drawings  and  specifications  should  be 
prepared  with  thoroughness,  by  able  persons 
who  are  familiar  with  the  requirements  and 
changes  of  foreign  patent  laws — agents  who 
are  reliable  and  permanently  established. 

Our  schedule  price  for  obtaining  foreign  patents, 
in  all  cases,  will  always  be  as  low,  and  in 
some  instances  lower,  than  those  of  any  other 
responsible  agency. 

We  can  ami  do  get  foreign  patents  for  inventors 
in  the  Pacific  States  from  two  to  six  months 
(according  to  the  location  of  the  country) 
sooner  than  any  other  agentB. 

The  principal  portion  of  the  patent  business  of 
this  coast  has  been  done,  and  is  still  being 
done,  through  our  agency.  We  are  familiar 
with,  and  have  full  records,  of  all  former 
cases,  and  can  more  correctly  judge  of  the 
value  and  patentability  of  inventions  discov- 
ered here  than  any  other  agents. 

Situated  so  remote  from  the  seat  of  government, 
delays  are  even  more  dangerous  to  the  invent- 
ors of  the  Pacific  Coast  than  to  applicants  in 
the  Eastern  States.  Valuable  patents  may  be 
lost  by  extra  time  consumed  in  transmitting 
specifications  from  Eastern  agencies  back  to 
this  coast  for  the  signature  of  the  inventor. 

Confidential. 

PVe  take  great  pains  t'o  preserve  secrecy  in 
all  confidential  matters,  and  applicants  for 
patents  can  rest  assured  that  their  communi- 
cations and  business  transactions  will  be  held 
strictly  confidential  by  us.     Circulars  free 

Home   Counsel. 

Our  long  experience  in  obtaining  patents  for 
Inventors  on  this  Coast  has  familiarized  us 
with  the  character  of  most  of  the  inventions 
already  patented;  hence  we  are  frequently 
able  to  save  our  patrons  the  cost  of  a  fruitless 
application  by  pointing  to  them  the  same 
tning  already  covered  by  a  patent.  We  are 
always  free  to  advise  applicants  of  any 
knowledge  we  have  of  previous  applicants 
which  will  interfere  with  their  obtaining  a 
patent. 

We  invite  the  acquaintance  of  all  parties  con- 
nected with  inventions  and  patent  right  busi- 
ness, believing  that  the  mutual  conference  of 
legitimate  business  and  professional  men  is 
mutual  gain.  Parties  in  doubt  in  regard  to 
their  rights  as  assignees  of  patents  or  pur- 
chasers of  patented  articles,  can  often  receive 
advice  of  importance  to  them  from  a  short  call 
at  our  office. 

Remittances  of  money,  made  by  individual  in- 
ventors to  the  Government,  sometimes  mis- 
carry, and  it  has  repeatedly  happened  that 
applicants  have  not  only  lost  their  money,  but 
their  inventions  also,  from  this  cause  and  con- 
sequent delay.  We  hold  ourselves  responsible 
for  all  fees  entrusted  to  our  agency. 

Engravings. 

We  have  superior  artists  in  our  own  office,  and 
all  facilities  for  producing  fine  and  satisfactory 
illustrations  of  inventions  and  machinery,  for 
newspaper,  book,circular  and  other  printed  il- 
lustrations, and  are  always  ready  to  assist 
patrons  in  bringing  their  valuable  discoveries 
into  practical  and  profitable  use. 

DEWEY     &  CO. 
United  States  and  Foreign  Patent  Agents,'  pub- 
lishers  Mining   and  Scientific   Press  and  the 
Pacific  Rural  Press,  202  Sansome  St.,  N  E. 
1      corner  Pine,    S.  F. 


REGISTER     YOUR 

TRADE 


MARKS. 


Tho  U,  s  Government  now  offers  greater  i 
than  formt-rlv  to  iiiiuiudu'Uir  rounder  the  Ian  uf  Tnulo 

Mark*. 

I  who  manufacture   a    Mipuri'.r  nrtlclw,  nr    DOf    'i|> 

improved  pockwosol  merchandise,  should  protect  tbem- 

selvea  from  Imitation!  bj  registering  their  Trade  Harks. 

We  have  speda)  facilitloa  t"r  securing  full  rlghte  bj  the 

n  ■_■ .  .1  r  ii  imii  ut  Trade  M.irks,  and  mir  tonus  are  very  rea-\- 
onabta 

Consultations  free  Uonj  dealers  have  mis^d  fortunes 
from  i'"'  being  fully  Informed  and  protecting  themselves 
in  their  tighte, 

DEWEY  &  CO.,  Patent  Solicitors, 

No.  202  Sansome  Street,  S.  F. 
A.  T.  Dkwkv.  w.  B.  Kwkr.  Uku.  II.  Strong 


fflipipg  and  Other  Compapies. 


Persons  interested  in  incorporated  shares 
will  do  well  to  recommend  the  publication 
of  the  official  notices  of  their  companies 
in  tlUa  paper,  as  the  cheapest  appropriate 
medium  for  the  same. 


Patents  for  Mining  and  Farm- 
ing Lands. 

Having  complete  arrangements  with  compe- 
tent and  reliable  parties  in  Washington  City,  by 
which  we  are  able  to  secure  prompt  and 
careful  attention  to  law  business  there,  we  are 
prepared  to  assist  Mill  and  Mine,  Canal  and 
Ditch  owners  in  securing  patents  for  their  lands, 
mines  and  claims,  in  addition  to  our  general  line 
of  patent  business. 

Many  who  are  acquainted  with  the  manner 
in  which  this  business  has  heretofore  been  con- 
ducted, (with  or  without  assistance  by  local 
attorneys),  will  see  at  once  the  great  advantage 
of  patronizing  an  establishment  that  is  thor 
oughly  organized  and  has  its  representatives  in 
Washington  to  look  after  and  prosecute  their 
applications  before  the  Commissioner  of  the 
General  Land  Office.  The  business  on  this 
Coast  will  be  attended  to  personally  by  a  mem- 
ber of  our  firm,  and  satisfaction  will  be  given  in 
all  respects. 

Correspondence  from  persons  desirous  of 
securing  patents  for  Lands,  Mines,  Mill  Sites, 
Canal  and  Ditch  property,  promptly  attended  to. 

Applicants  for  patents  for  mining  and  fann- 
ing land,  whose  claims  have  been  delayed  for 
any  reason,  will  find  it  to  their  advantage  to 
consult  with  us  and  in  case  of  necessity  secure 
the  services  of  our  home  and  Washington  branch 
agency. 

DEWEY  &  CO., 

Solicitors  of  Patents  for  Lands,  Mines  and  In- 
ventions, Mining  and  Scientific  Press 
Office,  No  202  Sansome  St.,  San  Francisco. 


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Ed 

Griffith    Consolidated    Mill    and    Mining 

Company,    Location  ■>.  principal  place  >>i  buslnt  --,  s  m 

PTencUeo,   *  alii i      i  oi n   "i    w^rks,    Diamond 

Springs  Mining  Histrit-t,  Kl  Ilijr;ui.>  L'minly.  l/ii.'ii.>nii:i. 

Ki  -TIOE  —There  :irL-  dellnquanl  upon  the  following  de- 
aoribed  stock  on  account  of  atweesment  (No.  l)  levi«d  on 
the2hnda;  --t  January,  1870,  the  Bovera]  amount*  sel 
opposite  the  names  >■[  the  respective  ainiruholdors,  as 
follows: 

Names.  No.  of  Cert     No.  Bharea    Amount 

J  n   Brewer 36  50  -  LO  I  n 

Warren  Bryant not  issued         2100  4'20  00 

Alexander  Bryant 37  U25  ££S  <'0 

AJexander  Uryant 38  L1J6  226  I  o 

L  II  PoOtC 39  100  20  00 

i.<;  Borvey,  Trustee 35  4000  BOO  00 

J  H  Boherts 19  500  100  00 

.1  n  it-  ihorts 20  r>oo  100  00 

.1  II  Huberts 21  600  100  00 

J  H  Huberts 22  500  luO  e0 

J  il  Huberts 2(i  500  100  00 

.1  II  Rnircrts 27  500  100  00 

J  U  Roberts 28  600  100  00 

J  H  Roberts 29  600  100  00 

J  H  Roberts 30  600  100  00 

J  H  Roberts 31  600  infirm 

.1  H  Huberts 32  600  100  00 

J  H  Rt.licrta 33  500  100  00 

J  H  Roberts 34  600  100  00 

J  H  Roberts 280  200  40  00 

.1  II  Huberts 281  200  40  00 

,1  II  Huberts 282  200  40  00 

J  II  Roberts 283  200  40  00 

J  H  Huberts 284  200  40  00 

And  in  accordance  with  law,  and  an  order  of  the  Board 
of  Directors,  made  on  the  2)  st  day  of  January,  1870,  so 
many  shares  of  each  parcel  of  such  Block  as  may  be  neces- 
sary, will  be  sold  at  public  auction  at  the  office  of  the 
Company,  No.  330  Pine  street.  Room  48,  Sin  Francisco, 
California,  on  the  26th  day  of  March,  1S79,  at  the  hpur  of 
one  o'clock  p.  si.  of  said  day,  to  pay  said  delinquent  assess- 
ment thereon,  together  with  costs  of  advertising  and  ex- 
penses of  sale.  G.  M.  CONDEK,  Secretary. 

Office,  Room  48,  No.  330  Pine  St.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


The  Large  Circulation  of  the  Min- 
ing  and  Scientific  Press  extends  through- 
out the  mining  districts  qf  California,  Nevada, 
Utah,  Coloradq,  Arizona,  Idaho,  Montana- 
British  Columbia,  and  to  other  parts  of  North 
and  South  America.  Established  in  1860,  it 
has  long  been  the  leading  Mining  Journal  of 
the  continent,  its  varied  and  reliable  contents 
giving  it  a  character  popular  with  both  its 
reading  and  advertising  patrons. 


Office  Wide  Awake  Prospecting  and  Min- 
ing Company.— No.  232  Sutter  Street.  San  Francisco,  Cal., 
Fubruary  1st,  1879.  Location  of  works,  Picket-Post,  Pinal 
County,  Arizona. 

Notice  ia  hereby  given  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Directors,  held  on  the  first  day  of  February,  1879,  an  assess- 
ment (No.  6) of  four  cints  per  share  was  levied  upon  the  capi- 
tal stock  of  the  corporation,  payable  imuK-diately  in  United. 
States  gold  coin  to  the  Secretary,  at  the  office  of  the  Com- 
pany, Room  2,  No.  232  Sutter  Street,  Sail  Francisco,  Cal. 

Any  stock  upon  which  this  assessniunt  shnll  remain  unpaid 
on  the  first  day  of  March,  1873.  will  be  delinquent,  and  adver- 
tised for  aale  at  public  auction,  and  unless  payment  ie  raado 
before,  will  bo  sold  on  Saturday,  the  fifth  day  of  April,  1879, 
to  pay  the  delinquent  assessment,  together  with  the  cost  of 
advertising  and  the  expenses  of  sale.  By  orderof  the  Board 
of  Dfrectore.  0.  HILDEBRANDT,  Secretary. 

POSTPONEMENT.-  Tho  delinquent  day  of  the  above 
named  assessment  has  been  postponed  until  Tuesday,  the 
First  day  of  April.  1879,  and  the  day  of  sale  until  Thursday, 
the  Fhst  day  of  May.  1879,  at  the  same  hour  and  place.  By 
order  of  the  Board  of  Directors. 

C.  HILDEBRANDT.  Secretary. 

San  Francisco,  March  1st,  1879. 

The  California  and  Oregon  Land  Company. 

—Location  of  principal  place  of  business,  San  Francisco, 

California.    Location  of  Works,  State  of  Oregon. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  mooting  of  the  Board  of 
Directors,  held  on  the  First  day  of  March,  A.  D-,  1879,  an 
assessment  (No.  2)  of  Forty  Cents  per  share  was  levied  upon 
the  capital  stock  of  the  corporation,  payable  immediately  in 
United  States  gold  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at  the  office  of  the 
Company,  318  Pine  street.  Room 6,  San  Francisco,  California. 

Any  stock  upon  which  this  assessment  shall  remain  unpaid 
on  the  10th  day  of  April,  1879,  will  be  delinquent,  and  ad- 
vertised for  sale  at  public  auction  ;  and  unless  payment  ib 
made  before  will  be  sold  on  Saturday,  the  Tenth  day  of  May, 
1879,  to  pay  the  delinquent  assessment,  together  with 
costs  of  advertising  and  expenses  of  sale.  By  order  of  the 
Board  of  Directors.  R.  N.  VAN  BRUNT.  Secretary. 

Office,  318  Pine  Street,  Room  6,  San  Francisco,  California. 


fW&eiiiepts. 


FOB  SALE. — 4-sided  0-inch  Molding  Machine. 
Jackson's  Agricultural  Machine  Works,  S.  E.  corner  6th 
and  Bluxome  Sta.,  San  Francisco. 


BALDWIN'S  THEATER. 

THOMAS  MAGUIRE Manager. 

F.  Lybtbr. Acting  Manager. 

Ciias.  H.  Goodwin Treasurer. 

J.  P.  Chapman Assistant  Treasurer. 

ROSE    EYTINGE. 

Corner   Market  and     Powell     Streets.      Open    every 
evening  and  Saturday  matinee.    Box  office  open  daily. 


BUSH  STREET  THEATER. 

Ciias.  E.  Locke Lessee  and  Manager 

HYERS    SISTERS. 

Open  every  evening  and  Saturday  Matinee. 


CALIFORNIA  THEATER. 

Barton  &  Lawlor Manager. 

Barton  Hill. ..Acting  Manager. 

UNION  SQUARE  THEATER  CO. 

Bush  Street,  ubove  Kearny.  Open  every  evening.  Box 
office  open  from  9  A.  M.  to  10  p.  m.  Seats  may  be  secured 
six  days  in  advance. 

STANDARD    THEATER. 

M.  A.  Kennedy Sole  Lessee  and  Manager. 

MAD.  RENTZ'S  FEMALE  MINSTRELS. 

Bush  Street,  above  Montgomery.  Open  every  evening. 
Seats  may  be  secured  six  days  in  advance. 


At  the  Old  Stand,  Market,  head  ot  Front  Street,  S.'.F. 


174 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS 


[March  15,   1879. 


Irop  apd  (Machipe  torfe. 


THOS.  PEKDERGAST. 


HENRY  S.  SMITH. 


JETNA   IRON    WORKS, 

1LANUFACTDRBRS  OP 

IRON  CASTINGS 

and      MACHINERY 

OF  ALL  KINDS. 

Fremont  Street,  Bet.  Howard  and  Folsom, 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 

SACRAMENTO  BOILER   WORKS, 

214  &  216  BEALE  St.,  (rear  of  .Bna  Foundrj) 

J.  V.  HALL, 

PRACTICAL    BOILER    MAKER, 

Marine,  Stationary  and  Portable  Boilers,  Smoke  Stacks, 

Hydraulic  Pipe,   Oil  or  Water  Tanks,    Ore  and 

Water  Buckets,  Gasometers,  Girders,  Bridges 

and   Iron    Ship    Building. 

ALL    KINDS   OF   SHEET    IRON    WORK. 

Repairing   promptly   attended   to    at   the 
lowest   possible   terms. 

UNION  IRON  WORKS, 

SACRAMENTO,    CAL. 
ROOT,    NEILSON    &    CO., 

SIAKUFAGTURERS  OF 

STEAM    ENGINES,  BOILERS    AND    ALL 

Kinds  of  Machinery  for  Mining   Purposes. 

Flouring  Mills',  Saw  Mills'  and   Quartz  Mills'  Machinery 

constructed,  fitted  up  and  repaired. 

Front  Street,  Between  N  and  O  Streets, 

SACRAMENTO,     CAL. 


PHELPS 
MANUFACTURING    COMPANY, 

Manufacturers  of  all  kinds  of 

Wharf  and  Bridge  Bolts,    Railroad  Trestle 

Work,   Car  Frames  and  Bolts,  Machine 

Bolts,   Set  Screws    and   Tap  Bolts, 

Lag    or    Coach    Screws. 

ALL  STYLES   OF  FANCY  HEAD  BOLTS. 

HOT  AND  COLD  PRESSED  HEXAGONAL  AND 

SQUARE  NUTS,  WASHERS,  BOLT  ENDS, 

TURNBUCKLES,  ETC.,  ETC. 

13, 15  and  17  Drumm  St.,  near  California, 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 


Golden  State  &  Miners  Iron  Works, 

Manufacture  Iron  Castings  and  Machinery 
of  all  Kinds  at  Greatly  Reduced  Rates. 

STEVENSON'S  PATENT 

Mold-Board  AMALGAMATORS, 
Golden  State  Pressure  Blowers. 

First  St.,  between  Howard  &  Folsom,  S-  F. 


Wm.  H.  Birch. 


John  Arqall. 


California    Machine   Works, 
BIRCH,    ARGALL    &    CO., 

119  Beale  Street,  San  Francisco. 

jfSTGeueral  Mechanical  Engineers  and  Machinists. 
Steam  Engines,  Flour,  Quartz  and  Mining  Machinery. 
Sole  manufacturers  of  Brodie's  Patent  Rock  Crushers  and 
Steel-Faced  Tappits.  Steam,  Hydraulic  and  Sidewalk 
Elevators.     Repairing  promptly  attended  to. 


California    Brass    Foundry, 

No,  125  First  Street,  Opposite  Minna. 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 

All  kinds  of  Brass,  Composition,  Zinc,  and  Babbitt 
Metal  Castings,  Brass  Ship  Work  of  all  kinds,  Spikes, 
sheathing  Nails,  Rudder  Braces,  Hinges,  Ship  and  Steam- 
boat Bells  and  Gongs  of  superior  tone.  All  kinds  of  Cocks 
and  Valves,  Hydraulic  Pipes  and  Nozzles,  and  Hose  Coup- 
lings and  Connections  of  all  sizes  and  patterns,  furnished 
with  dispatch.  ^.PRICES  MODERATE.  *& 

J.  H.  WEED.  V.  KINGWELL. 


STEAM  ENGINES  AND  BOILERS 

Of  all  sizes — from  2  to  60-Horse  power.  Also,  Quartz 
Mills,  Mining  Pumps,  Hoisting  Machinery,  Shafting,  Iron 
Tanks,  etc.    For  sale  at  the  lowest  prices  by 

J.    HENDY,  49  and  51  Fremont  Street,  S.  F. 


GEORGE  W.  PRESCOTT. 


IRVING  M.  SCOTT. 


H.  T.  SCOTT.  5 


THOMAS  THOMPSON. 


THORNTON  THOMPSON. 


THOMPSON    BROTHERS, 

EUREKA    FOUNDRY, 

129  and  131  Beale  St. ,  between  Mission  and  Howard,  S.  F 
manufacturers  of  castings  of  evert  description. 


|)nion    Iron   f ork8.. 

Office,  61  First  St.  |  Cor.  First  &  Mission  Sts.,  S.  F.  |  p.   n.   Box,  2128. 


BUILDERS     OF 


Steam,    Air   and    Hydraulic    Machinery. 

Home  Industry.— All  Work  Tested  and  Guaranteed. 


Vertical  Engines, 

Baby  Hoists, 

Stamps, 

Horizontal  Engines, 

Ventilating  Fans, 

Pans, 

Automatic  Cut-off  Engines, 

Rock  Breakers, 

Settlers, 

Compound  Condensing  Engines, 

Self-Feeders, 

Retorts, 

Shafting, 

Pulleys, 

Etc,  Etc 

TRY    OUR    MAKE,  CHEAPEST    AND    BEST    IN    USE. 


Send  for  Late  Circulars. 


PRESCOTT,  SCOTT  &  CO. 


yV  i  1 1  i  a  m      HE  awkins, 

Successor  to 

IrHZA/WIKIIlrNrS  &C  C^HSTTZE^EHjIL,, 

MACHINE      WO  R  KS, 

210  and  212  Beale  Street,  bet.  Howard  and  Folsom  Sts.,    -    -    San  Francisco. 

Manufacturers    of 

IMPROVED    PORTABLE    HOISTING    ENGINES, 

For   Mining  and   Other   Purposes. 

Steam  Engines  and  all  Kinds  of  Mill  and  Mining  Machinery. 


^Pacific  Rolling  IVLill  Co., 

SAN    FRANCISCO,    CAL. 

MANUFACTURERS    OF 

RAILROAD  AND    MERCHANT  IRON, 

ROLLED  BEAMS,  ANGLE,  CHANNEL  AND  T  IRON,  BRIDGE  AND  MACHINE  BOLTS,  LAG  SCREWS,  NUTS 
WASHERS,  ETC.,   STEAMBOAT    SHAFTS,  CRANKS,  PISTONS,   CONNECTING    RODS,  ETC.,  ETC. 

Car  and  Locomotive  Axles  and  Frames,  and  Hammered  Iron  of  Every  Description. 

HIGHEST    PRICE    PAID    FOR    SCRAP    IRON. 

ts~  Orders  Solicited  and  Promptly  Executed.  Office,  No.  16  FIRST  STREET. 


Ful ton    Iron    Works. 

Hinckley,  Spiers  &  Hayes. 

(ESTABLISHED    IN    1855) 

Works,  Fremont  and  Howard  Sts.  |  San  Francisco,  Cal.  |  Office,  No.  213  Fremont  St. 

MANUFACTURERS    OF 

Marine  Engines  and   Boilers, 

Propeller  Engines  either  High  Pressure  or  Com- 
pound Stern  or  Side  Wheel  Engines. 

Mining   Machinery. 

Hoisting  Engines  and  Works,  Cages,  Ore  Buckets,  Ore 
Cars,  Pumping  Engines  and  Pumps,  Water  Buckets, 
Pump  Columns,  Air  Compressors,  Air  Receivers, 
Air    Pipes. 

Mill  Machinery. 

Batteries  for  Dry  or     Wet  Crushing,     Amalgamating 

FnniflP**     flnfl     RflllAPQ   °*  a*'  kinds,  either  for  use  on  Steamboats  and  made  in   accordance  with    the 

CUylllCO     allU     UtJIlGl  o    Act  of  Congress  regulating  the  same,  or  for  use  on  land.  Water  Pipe,  Pump 
or  Air  Column,  Fish  Tanks  for  Salmon  Canneries  of  every  description. 
Boiler  repairs  promptly  attended  to  and  at  very  moderate  rates. 


Pans,  Settlers,  Furnaces,  Retorts,  Concentrators,  Ore 
Feeders,  Rock  Breakers,  Furnaces  for  Reducing  Ores 
Water  Jackets,  Etc. 

Sugar  Machinery. 

Crushing  Rolls,  Clarifiers,  Vacuum  Pans,  Air  Pumps, 
Concentrators,  Bag  Filters,  Charcoal  Filters,  Blow-up 
Tanks,  Coolers  and  Receiving  Tanks. 

Miscellaneous   Machinery. 

Flour  Mill  Machinery,  Saw  Mill  Engines  and  Boilers, 
Dredging  Machinery,  Oil  Well  Retorts,  Powder  Mill  Ma- 
chinery, Water  Wheels. 


WIND  MILL. 


One  of  the  best  made  in  this  State 
1  for  sale  cheap  on  easy  terms.    Ad- 
dress, W.  T.  care  of  Dewey  &  Co.,  3.  F. 


PACIFIC    IRON    WORKS, 

First  and  Fremont  Streets,  between  Mission  and   Howard,  San   Francisco,  Cal. 
RANKIN,    BRAYTON    &    CO., 

Manufacturers    of 

ENGINES,  BOILERS,    MARINE    AND    STATIONARY.      PUMPING,    HOISTING,  AND    MINING    MACHINERY 

INCLUDING  BATTERIES,  AMALGAMATING  PANS  AND  SETTLERS,  CONCENTRATORS,  ORE  FEEDERS, 

CRUSHING  ROLLS  AND  BOCK  BREAKERS.     ALSO,  WATER  JACKET  SMELTING  FURNACES, 

FOR  REDUCING   LEAD,  SILVER    AND    COPPER    ORES,  QUICKSILVER    FURNACES, 

RETORTS  AND  CONDENSERS,  ROASTING  AND  CIILORIDIZING  FURNACES, 

SUGAR    MILL    MACHINERY,  WATER    WHEELS,  Etc.,   ALL    OF    THE 

LATEST  AND  MOST  IMPROVED  CONSTRUCTION. 

Agents  for  the  Allen  Engine  Governor,  Bailey  Air  Compressor,  Howell's 
Improved  White  Furnaces,  "Walker's  Compound  Steam  Pumps,  Etc. 


'Western  Iron  "Worlds, 

316     and     318     Mission     Street,     San     Francisco, 
PERRY  E  DASTARDS.  Prop'r. 

Manufacturer  of  Wrought  Iron  Girders,  Trusses,   Prison   Cells.  Iron  Roofs,  Crest 
Railings,  Finials,  Fences,  Weathervanes,  Gratings,  Iron  Work  for  Models,  Etc. 

Nickel   Plated   Railings.        Bank  and  Store  Fittings.       Estimates  given  nnd  Iron  Work  furnished  for  Buildings. 

tertlis.4116  papar  that  8tands  by  your  in"  I  Dewey  &  Co{2s°02mes|?;}  Patent  Ag'ts 


Corner  Beale  and  Howard  Sts., 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 

W.  H.  TAYLOR,  Pres't.  JOSEPH  MOORE,  Sup't. 

Builders  of  Steam  Machinery 

In  all  its  Branches, 

Steamboat,  Steamship,  Land 

Engines  and  Boilers, 

HIGH  PRESSURE  OR  COMPOUND. 

STEAM  VESSELS,  of  all  kinds,  built  complete  with 
Hulls  of  Wood,  Iron  or  Composite. 

ORDINARY  ENGINES  compounded  when  ad- 
visable. 

STEAM  LAUNCHES,  Barges  and  Steam  Tugs  con- 
structed with  reference  to  the  Trade  in  which  they  arc 
to  be  employed.  Speed,  tonnage  and  draft  of  water 
guaranteed. 

STEAM  BOILERS-  Particular  attention  (riven  to 
the  quality  of  the  material  and  workmanship,  and  none 
hut  first-class  work  produced. 

SUGAR  MILLS  AND  SUGAR-MA  KING 
MACHINERY  made  after  the  most  approved  plans. 
Also,  all  Boiler  Iron  Work  connected  therewith. 

"WATER  PIPE,  of  Boiler  or  Sheet  Iron,    of  any  size 
made  in  suitable  lengths  for  connecting  together, 
sheets  rolled,  punched,  and  packed  for  shipment  ready 
to  be  riveted  on  the  ground. 

HYDRAULIC    RIVETING.      Boiler    Work    and 
Water  Pipe  made  by  this  establishment,    riveted   by 
Hydraulic   Riveting  "Machinery,   that  quality  of  work  ■ 
being  far  superior  to  hand  work. 

SHIP  WORK.  Ship  and  Steam  Capstains,  Stenm 
Winches,  Air  and  Circulating  Pumps,  made  after  the 
most  approved  plans. 

PUMPS.  Direct  Acting  Pumps,  for  Irrigation  or  City 
Water  Works  purposes,  built  with  the  celebrated  Davy 
Valve  Motion,  superior  to  any  other  Pump. 


-  at  tub  — 


Elfctric  Model  &  Machine  Works 

Inventors  and    others  can  get  First-Class 
Work  at  Moderate  Prices. 

After  10  years  experience  with  inventions  and  other 
mechanical  work,  I  am  fully  prepared  to  execute  draw- 
ings, working-models  and  fine  machinery  of  any  descrip- 
tion to  entire  satisfaction. 

Brass  Finishing,  Pattern  Making,  Gear  Cutting,  Tele- 
graphic and  other  Electrical  Apparatus  by  competent 
workmen. 

TELEPHONES    TO    ORDER. 
F.  W.  FULLER,  415  Market  Street,  San  Francisco, 

Main    Street    Iron    Works, 

WM.    DEACON,    PROPRIETOR. 

Nos  131, 133  &  135  Main  St.,  San  Francisco. 

Stationary  and  Marine  Engines, 

Shafting,  Pulleys,  and  General  Machine  Work.  Jobbing 
and  repairing  done  Promptly  and  at  Lowest  Rates. 
Screw  Propellors,  Propellor  and  Steamboat  EngineB. 

SAW  MILLS  and  SAW  MILL  MACHINERY. 


Market,  head  of  Front  Street,  San  Francisco. 


Diamond    Drill    Co. 

The  undersigned,  owners  of  LESCHOT'S  PATENT 
for  DIAMOND  POINTED  DRILLS,  now  brought  to  the 
highest  state  of  perfection,  are  prepared  to  fill  orders 
for  the  IMPROVED  PROSPECTING  AND  TUNNELING 
DRILLS,  with  or  without  power,  at  short  notice,  and 
at  reduced  prices.  Abundant  testimony  furnished  of 
the  great  economy  and  successful  working  of  numerous 
machines  in  operation  in  the  quartz  and  gravel  mines 
on  this  coast.  Circulars  forwarded,  and  full  infor- 
mation given  upon  application. 

A.  J.  SEVERANCE  &  CO. 
Office,  No.  320  Sansome  street.  Room  10. 


GOLD    MINE    WANTED. 

One  now  paying  more  than  expenses.     Addres 

W.    S.    KEYES,    M.    E., 
No.  310  Pine  St.,  Room  42,   San   Francisco 


Prompt  Attention  to  Business, 

Aurora,  New,  Dec.  7th,  1S7S. 
Messrs.  Dewey  &  Co.,  S.  F. — Dear  Sirs: — I  acknowl- 
edge the  receipt  of  my  patent  per  express  this  morning, 
and  am  obliged  for  same.  I  do  not  know  what  to  say  to 
you  regarding  your  prompt  attention  to  business,  but  will 
say  to  my  friends  what  I  cannot  say  to  you.  Many  thanks 
is  what  yon  will  get  from    Yours  truly,        C.  W.  Lake. 


March  15,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


175 


Mining    Machinery    Depot, 

PARKE   &   LACY,   417   Market  St. 

AIR  COMPRESSORS  and  ROCK  DRILLS. 


BURLEIGH    ROCK    DRILL,       H°0K 
Does  more  work  at  Less  Cost  And. 

THAN  ANY  OTHER   ROCK  DRILL.   LADDER 

TIRE  ENGX2TES,        Trucks' 
Bahcock  Chemical  Engines, 


HOISTIHG    E1TGI1TES, 

ALL  SIZES,  DOUBLK  AND  BKOLE,  WITH  SINGLE  and  DOUBLE  SEELS 

Pressure  Blowers.     Diamond  Anti-Friction  Metal.     Flexible   Shafts.  ( 
PUMP 

And 

AIR 
COLUMN. 

tfrArara-""*     Putnam's    Wood-Working    Machinery. 


Centrifugal  Pumps  for  Irrigating.       BURLEIGh  AIR    compressor 


Gives  Better  Results  than  any 
Compressor  Known. 


•tsa  1 


Hose  Carts  and  Fire  Extinguishers.      DANE'S     STEAM      PUMPS, 


VERTICAL     AND     HORIZONTAL. 


MACHINISTS'   TOOLS. 

Lathe  Chucks.     Farmers'  Battery. 

HILL'S    EXPLODERS. 

SEND    FOR  CIRCULARS. 


RUSSELL'S  AMALGAMATOR. 


THE  SAFETY  POWDER  COMPANY, 


San  Francisco.  Cal. 


Patented  June  25th,  1878, 


SAYE    YOTTiR,    GOLD 
And    Also    SAVE    YOUR    QUICKSILVER. 

The  above  Washer  and  Amalgamator  with  new  patent  Wire  Bridge  Quicksilver  Boxes  attached,  can  be  worked 
wet  or  dry,  either  by  hand,  steam,  horse  or  water  power,  and  is  easily  taken  apart  and  packed.  For  washing  Pulp, 
Earth,  Gravel,  Mill  Tailings  or  Black  Sand,  it  is  without  a  rival. 

Has  been  Thoroughly  Tested  and  given  Complete  Satisfaction. 

The  entire  Lining,  Hanging  Plates,  Rihics  and  Boxes  Amalgamated 

IS    GUARANTEED    TO   SAVE    THE    FINEST    OR     FLOAT     GOLD. 

Capacity,  30  to  60  tons  per  day.  according  to  size.     For  further  particulars  apply  to 

J.  MORIZIO,  Gen'l  Agt.. 

Room  24,  Safe  Deposit  Building,  Corner  Montgomery  and  California  Streets,    SAN  FRANCISCO. 


SANDERSON  BROS.  &  GO.'S 

JBest  Refined  Cast-Steel. 

Warranted  Most  Superior  for  Drills,  Hammers,  Etc. 

A  full  and    complete  stock   of  this   reliable  and  well-known 
brand  of  Steel,  for  mining  and  other  uses,  now  in  stock  and  for  sale 

At  No-  417  Market  St.,  S.  F..   -    H.  D.  Morris,  Agent. 


Mli 


San   Francisco   Pioneer   Screen   Works, 

J.  W.  QUICK,  Manufacturer, 

Several  first  premiums  received 
for  Quartz  Mill  Screens,  and  Per- 
forated Sheet  Metals  of  every 
description.  I  would  call  special 
attention  to  my  SLOT  CUT  and 
.SLOT  PUNCHED  SCREENS, 
which  are  attracting  much  at- 
tention and  civiug  universal 
satisfaction.  This  is  the  only 
I  establishment  on  the  coast  de- 
voted exclusively  to  the  manufac- 
ture of  Screens  Mill  owners  using  Battery  Screens  exten- 
sively can  contract  for  lar»«  supplies  at  favorable  rates. 
Orders  sollcitedand  promptly  attended  to. 

32  Fremont  Street.  San  Francisco. 

Prompt  and  Successful.— i/mra.  Dewey  &  Co:— Gei 
tlemen:  Your  Circular  letter,  12th  inst.,  informing  me  of 
successful  termination  of  my  application:  for  patent  re- 
ceived. Please  accept  thanks  for  the  prompt  and  suc- 
cessful manner  in  which  you  have  managed  this  business 
Yours  respectfully,  J.  H.  Cavanauoh 

Walla  Walla,  Dee.  24th. 


THE     AMERICAN 


All  sizes, 

and  adapted  to 

from 

3  to  500 

feet  head. 


TURBINE 

Water  Wheels 

THE  BEST  IN  THE 
WORLD  ! 


Send  for  our  Circular 
and  Prices. 

BERRY  &  PLACE. 

Market  St.,  Head  of  Front, 

San  Francisco. 


CARTRIDGE. 


GEN.  W.  S.  ROSECRANS, 
President. 


Safety  Cap  and  Fuse. 


COL.  SAM!  0.  GREGORY, 

-    Secretary. 


Fuse  Lighter  and  Fuse. 


Electric  Cap. 


Safety  Powder,  Caps,  Electric  Caps,  and  Fuse  Lighters. 

Under  a  series  of  U.  S.  Patents,  after  long  and  carefully  conducted  experiments  and  thou- 
sands of  tests,  tins  Company  is  prepared  to  manufacture  and  supply,  for  Mining  and  Engineering 
Works,  the  above  named  articles  at  prices  and  on  terms  as  favorable  as  articles  of  similar  grades 
are  now  supplied  in  this  market.  Our  Powders  contain  no  Nitro -glycerine,  no  Nitroline,  no  Gun 
Cotton,  no  Fulminates,  and  are  free  from  the  unavoidable  dangers  in  manufacturing* 
transporting,  handling  and  using  of  all  high  grade  explosives  which  contain  those  elements. 

Cold  does  not  affect  them.  They  cause  no  headaches  or  other  inconveniences  in  handling, 
and  the  smoke  from  their  explosion  contains  no  poisoning  or  sickening  vapors. 

Their  blasting  force,  with  slight  tamping,  at  least  equals  that  of  any  Powders  now  used,  but 
they  admit  and  require  strong  tamping  to  bring  out  their  immense  and  peculiar  lifting  nower 
which  follows  their   detonating  work.     They  should  be  fired,  therefore,  by  our 

Safety   Cap, 

Which  allows  tamping  without  danger.  They  can  be  fired  by  any  caps  now  employed  in  blasting, 
but  the  use  of  these  is  always  dangerous  with  any  Powder,  and  the  loss  of  the  throwing  fpower 
resulting  from  lack  of  tamping  renders  it  with  our  Powders  doubly  objectionable. 

Our  SAFETY  CAPS  have  twice  or  thrice  the  force  of  triple  Giant  Caps.  When  set  on  fire 
they  do   not  explode,  but  merely  burn  off,  and  are  perfectly  safe  in  transporting  aud  in  tamping. 

In  round  tin  boxes,  50  cents. 

The  Safety   Fuse   Lighter, 

Cheap,  handy  and  sure  to  light  the  Fuse  upon  the  end  of  which  it  is  fastened,  only  needs  a  trial 
to  be  appreciated  by  every  miner  who  is  up  to  "snuffs."     25  Cents  per  box;  sent  by  mail. 

Safety   Fuse, 

Equal  to  the  best  in  the  market,  will  be  supplied  at  the  lowest  market  prices. 

In  consequence  of  spurious  imitations  of 

LEA    AND     PERRINS'    SAUCE, 

which  are  calculated  to  deceive  the  Public,  Lea  and  Perrins 
have  adopted  A  NE  W  LABEL,  bearing  their  Signature, 
thus, 

-which  is  placed  on  every  bottle  of  WORCESTERSHIRE 
SA  UCE,  and  without  which  none  is  genuine. 

Ask  for  LEA  <V  PERRINS'  Sauce,  and  see  Name  on  Wrapper,  Label,  Bottle  and  Stopper. 
Wholesale  and  for  Export  by  the  Proprietors,  Worcester;  Crosse  and  Blackwell,  London. 
<5rvr.,  <5r°c. ;  and  by  Grocers  and  Oilmen  throifhout  the  World. 

To  be  obtained  of  CEOSS  &  CO..  San  Francisco. 


176 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[March  15,   1879. 


Knight's  "Water    "Wheel, 


Patented    January    12th,    1875 


Hit 

t.    9«S 

Sti  ..MS 
^"  w  ©  o 
§3o". 

m  J  0C53  u 

20^43'^ 

CD  E  ^  d 
>      CM 


The  KNIGHT  WHEEL  is  used  in  the  following  named  Mills  and  Hoist- 
ing- Works,  to  -which  the  Public  are  referred: 


I-Eight-ioot  wheel,  running:  Oneidi   Co.'s  Mill,    Amador 

county,  Cal. ;  o'O  stumps.     Rob't  Robinson,  Sunt.  ] 
1-EiEht-foot  wheel,  running  Con.    Amador  Mining  Co.'s 

Mill,  Amador  county,  Cal.;  40  stamps  and  two  Hepburn 

pans.     David  Davis,  Supt. 
1-Eight-foot  wheel,  running  Lincoln    Gold  Mining  Co.'s 

Mill,  Amador  County,  Cal. ;  40  stamps. 
1-Eight-foot  wheel    running:  pump  at  same    company's 

mine.     S.  D.  R.  Stewart,  Supt. 
1-Eight-foot  wheel,  running-  Keystone  Con.    Mining  Co.'s 

Mill,  Amador  county,  Cal. ;  40  stamps. 
2-Four  and  one-half  foot  wheels,  used  in  hoisting-   Dy  re- 
versible water  power  at  same  company's  mine.    O.  C. 

Hewitt,  Supt. 
1-Four  and  one-half  foot  wheel,  running:  Original  Co.'s 

Mill,  Amador  County,  Cal.;  40  stamps,   one  pan,  one 

rock-breaker.     J.  R.  Johns,  Supt. 
1-Four-foot  wheel,  running  Cover  Mining  Co.'s  new  mill, 

Amador  county,  Cal. ;  20  stamps. 
1-Eight-foot  wheel,  running  same  company's  old   mill;  10 

stamps.     John  Palmer,  Supt. 
1-Six-foot  wheel,    running  Talisman  Mining  Co.'s  Mill, 

Amador  county,  Cal.;  10  stamps. 

jJSTOrders  can  be  filled  at  short  notice,  or  further  in 

Almarin  B.  Paul,  Agt., 

Room  20,  Safe  Deposit  Building1,  San  Francisco. 


l-Eight-foot  wheel,  hoisting  and  driving  pump  at  same 
company's  mine.     John  Tregloan,  Supt. 

1-Four  and  one-half  foot  wheel,  running  Bunker  Hill  Min- 
ing Co.'s  Mill,  Amador  county,  Cal.;  10  stamps.  John 
Palmer,  Supt. 

1-Four  and  one-half  foot  wheel,  running  Gold  Mountain 
Mining  Co.'s  Mill,  Amador  county,  Cal.;  10  stamps.  J.  C. 
Goodman,  Supt. 

1-Six-foot  wheel,  running  St.  Patrick's  Mill,  Newcastle, 
Placer  county,  Cal.;  15  stamps.     Jno.    Townsend,  Supt, 

1-Eigbt  foot  wheel,  hoisting  and  running  pump,  compres- 
sor and  hoisting  at  Sheba  Silver  Mining  Co.'s  mine, 
State  of  Nevada. 

1-Four  and  one-half  foot  wheel,  running  Luck  Q.  M.  Co.'s 
Mill;  10  stamps;  Oregon. 

1-Four  and  one-half  foot  wheel,  running  Republic  Mill, 
Nevada  county,  Cal,;  20  stamps.     E.  H.  Dyer,  Supt. 

1-Six-foot  wheel,  at  the  Plumas  Eureka,  running  48 
stamps,  two  paus,  two  rock-breakers.  Wm.  Johns,  Supt, 

2-Six-foot  wheels,  sent  up  to  Sierra  Buttes  mines,  one  to 
run  50  stamps  and  the  other  to  run  pans. 

1-Six  and  2  four  and  one-half  foot  wheels,  sent  to  Sauls- 
burg  mine,  Sonora,  Tuolumne  Co.  J.  Leechman,  Supt. 
formation  given,  by  addressing  the  undersigned.*^ 

KNIGHT  <fc  CO., 

Sutter  Creek,  Amador  County,  Cal. 


The  strongest  and 
most  economical  ex- 
plosive in  use. 


VULCAN  BLASTING  POWDER. 

Wherever  it  has  been  given  a  test,  it  has  surpassed  all  other  high  explosives, 

Wnrlrc  at    SAN  PABLO,  California,  |  Offiro 

»»UIK*>dl        and  RENO,  Nevada.  UHICfi 


No.  123  California  Street, 
SAN    FRANCISCO. 


TTSTTjr?/^1!  I ! 

IT    PAYS 

Three  to  Four  Per  Cent,  per  day 

—  TO  — 

Cover  Boilers,  Pipes  and  Drums  with 


H.W. JOHNS-  PATENT 


SfATE  RTAiis. 


USB 


IIQUIJJ  PAINTS,  R0OFIHG,  BOILER  COVERINGS, 

bteam  Packing,  Sheadings,  Fire  Proof  Coatings,  Cements. 

SEND  FOa  SAMPLES,  ILLUSTRATED  PAMPHLET  AND  PRIOE  LIST 

H.W.JOHNS  M'F'G  Co.,  87MAIDEN  LANE,  N/J 

PACIFIC  COAST  BRANCH, 

FRED  X.  PATRICK,  Manager, 

5  First  Street,  San  Francisco. 


PRINTER'S   PROOF  PRESS, 

COMPLETE   AND    IN    GOOD    WORKING    ORDER, 

For  Sale  at  this  office, 

AT    THE    LOW    PRICE    OF    $37-50. 

£^Call  and  see  it.*iS& 

Tbis  paper  ia  printed  with  Ink  furnished  by 
Chas.  Bneu  Johnson  &  Co.,  509  South  10th 
St.,  Philadelphia  &[69  Gold  St.,  N.  T. 


GARDNERS' 


Celebrated 


Governor 


These  Steam  Governors  have   long 
been  known  as  THE  BEST,  and 
as  lately  Improved  and  Per- 
fected, they  have  no  Rival. 

THE    SAFETY     STOP 

On  these  Governors  is  alone  worth  double  the  price  of 
the  Governor.    We  have  sold  over  six  hundred,  and 

Never  one  has  Failed. 

They  are  sold  at  the  same  price  (or  less)  as  ordinary 
Governors.     Send  for  Circular. 

BERRY   &.   PLACE, 

Market,  head  of  Front  St.,  San  Francisco 


LEFFELS'  DOUBLE  TURBINE  WATER  WHEEL 


Spherical  and  Horizontal  Flumes 

And  all  Mill  Gearing  Espe- 
cially adapted  to 
our  Wheel. 

FLOUR,  SAW, 
QUARTZ  MILL  Furnishing  Goods 

ETC.    ETC. 


Horizontal  Flume,  Pat.  April  1st,  1873. 


N.    W.    SPATJLDING'S 


PATENT   DETACHABLE   TOOTH    SAWS, 

Manfuactory,  17  &  19  Fremont  St.,  S.  F. 


--'  The    only  "Water  "Wheel  Receiving  Three   First-class 
Premiums  at  the  Centennial. 

NO  AGENCY  WITHOUT  MY  AUTHORITY.— ALL  OTHERS  ARE  FRAUDULENT,  AND  WILL  BE  DEALT 
WITH  ACCORDING  TO  LAW,  BOTH  BUYER  AND  SELLER. 

Prices  greatly  reduced.      Send  for  New  Illustrated  Catalogue. 

'  A.  MTEKS,  General  Agent  for  Pacific  Coast. 

Address.  P.  0.  BOX  2293,  or  825  0APP  STREET,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

When  you  come  to  the  City,  drop  me  a  note  in  the  Post-offlce,  and  I  will  find  you. 

Send  for  my  New  Illustrated  Wheel  Book  for  1879.  Prices  greatly  reduced  and  less  than 
Eastern  with  freight.  A  large  stock  of  all  sizes  always  on  hand.  The  only  manufacturer  of  the 
Horizontal  Penstock. 


MANUFACTURED  UNDER  A.    NOBEL'S  ORIGINAL  AND  ONLY  VALID  NITROGLYCERINE  PATENTS 

Nos.  ONE,    TWO    and    THREE. 
Stronger,    Better  and   Safer   than   any   other  High   Explosive. 


Judson     Powder 

IS  NOW  USED  IN  ALL  LARGE  HYDRAULIC  CLAIMS. 

It  breaks  more  ground,   pulverizes  it  better,   saves  time  and   money,   and   is    superseding     the    urdinarf 
powder  wherever  it  is  tried.     flSTTriplc  Force  Caps  and  all  Grades  of  Fuse. 

BANDMANIM,    NIELSEN    &    CO..  San  Francisco. 

TheFRUE  ORE  CONCENTRATOR! 

Adams  &  Carter,  Agents. 

JOHN    M.     ADAMS.  WM.     F.    CARTEB. 

MINING  AND  MECHANICAL  ENGINEERS. 

Room  7,    No.   109  California  St.,  San   Francisco.     P.  O.  Box  2,C 


Testimonials  as  to  the  perfect 
workung  of  the  Concentrator  to  he 
seen  at  the  office. 


W.   T.    GARRATT'S 

BRASS  and  BELL  FOUNDRY 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 
MANUFACTURER  AND  IMPORTER  OF 

Church  and  Steamboat  BELLS  and  GONGS 
BRASS  CASTINGS  of  all  kinds, 
WATER  GATES,   GAS  GATES, 
FIRE  HYDRANTS, 

DOCK  HYDRANTS, 

GARDEN  HYDRANTS 

General   Assortment    ol    Engineers'   Findings. 

Hooker's    Patent 
Celebrated 

STEAM  PUMP 

jtSTThe  Best  and  Most 
Durable  in  use.  Also, 
a  variety  of  other 

PUMPS 

For  Mining  and  Farm- 
ing Purposes. 

ROOT'S  BLAST  BLOWERS, 

For  Ventilating  Mines  and  for  Smelting  Works. 

HYDRAULIC    PIPES    AND     NOZZLES, 

For  Mining  Purposes. 

Garratt's    Improved     Journal    Metal. 

IMPORTER   OF 

IRON   PIPE  AND  MALLEABLE    IRON    FITTINGS. 

ALL  KINDS  OF 

WORK  AND  COMPOSITION  NAILS, 

AT  LOWEST  RATES. 


ft.  S.  HALLIDiE. 

nia^Street, 


Office,  No 
s, 


Iron  Mid  Steel  Wire  Rope, 


ESTABLISHED  1S67. 

Edwin  Harrington 
&  Son, 

Manufacturers   of 

Extension  &  Gap  Lathes, 

FOOT    LATHES, 

Iron  Plainers,  Boring  Mills,  Center- 
ing and  Tapping  Machines, 

UPRIGHT  DRILLS, 

With  Geared  Heads,  Automatic 
Feed,  quick  return  to  SpindleB; 
Multiple  and  Lever  Drills;  Black- 
smith and  Carriage  Makers'  Drills; 
Post  Drills  to  run  by  hand  or  power. 
Radial  Drills,  Suspension  Drills 
with  geared  head,  Automatic  Feed. 

PATENT 

Screw  Pulley  Blocks* 

Unrivalled  for  Durability,  Safety 
and.  Power, 

N.  15th  St.  and  Pennsylvania  Av. 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 


Flat  and  Round*  for  Mining 
Hoisting  and  Ge 


hipping, 
'poses. 


Having  the/lnoSfc  cfcflpicte  JUrffextenairfl 
Wua-ftoTjp  Wfcrks  irj  theWnited  States,  I  am 
prcp&eri^oinlSofetture  Wire  Rope  and  Cables 
of  anwjcngtn  or  size  at  short  notice,  and  guar- 
antee the  quality  and  •workmanship  equal  to 
toy  made  at  home  or  abri 


BarKaecr  Fence 

Solo  rroprieJer-sf 

Hallidie! 

Ores.  Etc. 
lircnlar. 

A.  S.  HALLIDIE. 

Office,  No.  6  California  St.,  San  Francisco 

JOHN    A.    CHURCH, 
MINING    ENGINEER, 

COLUMBUS,  OHIO. 


Paul's  Dry  Amalgamating 

BARREL  PROCESS.  . 


This  is  the  most  perfect  of  all  systems  for  amalgamating 
the  precious  metals — more  especially  gold,  for  which  it  ia 
absolutely  perfect,  the  per  cent,  of  metal  obtainable  being 
only  governed  by  the  fineness  of  reduction  of  ore.  It  will 
gather  the  flour  gold  with  the  same  readiness  as  the 
coarse.  The  machinery  and  operation  is  simple  and  prac- 
tical—not requiring  skilled  labor.  Its  efficiency  is  verified 
by  mills  in  practical  operation.  I  will  contract  fur  mills 
of  10,  20,  or  50-ton  eapacity  per  24  hours.  Pamphlets,  ex- 
plaining the  process  more  fully,  forwarded  on  receipt  of 
address.     For  further  particulars  apply  to 

ALMARIN   B.    PAUL, 

Room  20,  Safe  Deposit  Building,  San  Francisco. 


An   Illustrated   Journal   of  Mining 


"niii  i-ii.- 1-.. 


SAN  FRANCISCO,  SATURDAY,  MARCH  22,  1879. 


VOLIME    >XXVWI 

TVuilll.l-T        13. 


Quicksilver  Combination. 

The  principal  quicksilver  producers  in  Cali- 
fornia have  about  consummated  an  arrangement 
whereby  the  output  of  that  metal  will,  for  a 
period  at  least,  suffer  some  restriction;  an  ob- 
ject that  a  portion  of  these  companies  have 
been  seeking  to  effect  for  several  years  past, 
that  is  to  say  ever  since  it  became  evident  that 
an  unlimited  production,  if  aUowed  to  go  on, 
must  preclude  any  of  them  from  realizing  a 
living  profit. 

But  while  the  most  of  these  companies  were 
willing  and  even  anxious  to  enter  into  a  combi- 
nation for  tbis  purpose,  a  few  of  them  held 
aloof,  not  quite  satisfied  with  the  minor  details, 
or  hoping  for  such  early  improvement  in  prices 
as  would  obviate  the  necessity  for  such  action. 
Disappointed  in  this,  even  these  companies  have 
at  last,  it  seems,  given  their  adherence  to  the 
plan  proposed  for  guarding  against  the  continu- 
ance of  this  ruinous  overproduction.  We  are 
not  advised  as  to  the  exact  manner  in  which 
this  is  to  be  accomplished,  further  than  that 
enough  curtailment  will  be  made  to  reduce  pro- 
duction to  the  requirements  of  the  market. 
Whether  each  of  the  companies  now  in  the 
field  will  make  a  pro  ratio  abatement  of  their 
yield,  or  whether  a  few  will  retire  altogether, 
sharing  the  profits  to  arise  from  an  advancement 
of  prices,  while  the  remainder  go  on  turning  out 
their  full  complement  of  metal,  as  before,  we 
are  not  informed. 

It  will  be  observed  that  this  is  not  a  combi- 
nation entered  into  to  force  up  prices  directly, 
but  to  prevent,  in  the  first  place,  their  further 
decline,  and  ultimately  bring  about  such  ad- 
vance as  will  make  the  busiuess  fairly  remuner- 
ative. For  the  past  two  years  the  best  condi- 
tioned of  these  companies  have  made  but  little 
money,  the  majority  of  them  having  been  going 
behind  at  a  rate  that  has  compelled  quite  a 
number,  after  heavy  expenditures  for  outfit, 
etc,  to  suspend  operations,  some  of  those  that 
have  kept  on  having  done  so  merely  in  the  hope 
that  affairs  would  soon  take  a  favorable  turn. 
A  monopoly  of  quicksilver  or  even  extreme  high 
prices,  can,  in  no  event,  be  brought  about  on 
this  coast.  We  have  a  multitude  of  small 
mines  that,  while  they  cannot  be  worked  with 
profit  so  long  as  prices  remain  greatly  de- 
pressed, will  be  started  up  immediately  should 
the  latter  undergo  any  marked  advance,  Borne 
of  these  mines  being  already  opened  and  fur- 
nished with  reduction  works. 

In  adopting  the  policy  proposed,  these  com-  i 
panies  are  not  without  precedents,  the   manu- 


oppress  any  class  of  consumers,  would  very  of- 
ten suffice  to  cover  the  narrow  margin  that 
with  the  producers  of  this  metal  divides  living 
profits  from  dead  loss. 

Combination  Lathes. 

The  lathe  illustrated  ou  this  page  has  been 
made  especially  to  meet  a  want  felt  by  many 
for  a  really  good  and  substantially  made  foot- 
lathe  at  a  reasonable  price.     The  bed,  head  and 


Fig.  3  is  a  scroll  sawing  attachment,  which, 
like  that  for  circular  Baws,  is  a  good  and  thor- 
oughly practical  machine,  sawing  wood  at  least 
one  and  a  half  inches  thick.  It  is  moved  by  a 
pitman  connecting  it  with  the  face-plate  by 
means  of  a  small  stud.  The  bolt  of  the  T-rest 
holder  is  used  for  fastening  this  attachment  to 
the  lathe,  and  when  not  in  use  it  can  be  thrown 
back  behind  the  shears  without  entirely  remov- 
ing from  the  lathe,  unlesB  so  desired.  The 
depth  between  the  saw  and  back,  or  upright,  is 
sixteen  inches. 


FIG.  1.   LATHE  WITHOUT  SAWING  ATTACHMENT- 


tail  stocks  are  of  iron,  and  the  spindles  of  steel. 
A  conical  bearing  is  made  for  the  head  stock, 
ao  that  the  wear  can  easily  be  taken  up.  Ma- 
terial eighteen  inches  long  and  eight  inches  in 
diameter,  can  be  turned  in  this  lathe.  The 
pieces  that  accompany  it  without  extra  charge 
are  two  T-rests,  two  plain  centers,  one  open 
center  for  wood  turning,  and  one  face  plate. 
The  bench  is   made  of  iron,  with  a  walnut 


top 
facturers  and  producers  of  certain  articles  else-  I  and  drawer  for  holding  tools.     Like  the   lathe, 
where    having    in   many   in- 
stances found  it  expedient  to 
pursue  a  similar  line  of  action. 
Quite  recently  a  course  like 
this    was    forced    upon    the 
manufacturers   of    borax    on 
this   coast,  the  several  com- 
panies engaged  in  the  busi- 
ness having,  through  compe- 
tition strippeditof  all  profits. 
Having,    through    a   mutual 
arrangement,    slightly     less- 
ened the  production,  theprices 
have  so  advanced  as  to  leave 
a  narrow  margin  for  profits, 
where  before  there  werenone. 
Borax,  however,  is  an  article 
of  large   use   and   varied  ap- 
plication in  the  useful   arts, 
insuring    for    it    under    low 
prices  an  increased  consump- 
tion, whichisnotthecase  with 
quicksilver.     For  this  there 
may  be  said  to  be  but  a  single 
use,  wherefore  about  the  same  quantity  will  be 
consumedwhetherthepricebehighorlow.     With 
most  commodities  the  maker  or   producer  finds 
in  the   increased  demand   resulting   from   low 
prices  some   compensation   for  the  latter;  but 
not  so  the  producer  of   quicksilver,  wherefore, 
when  prices  drop  below  a   remunerative    figure 
he  must  devise  some  method  for  bringing  about 
an  improvement,  give  up  the   business   or  con- 
tinue it  at  a  loss.     An  advance  in  the   price   of 
this  commodity  of  a  few   cents  a   pound,  while 
it  would  not  lead   to   any   appreciable   curtail 


TheBe  machines  are  sold  by  Dunham,  Carri- 
gan  &  Co.,  of  this  city.  The  price  of  the  lathe 
without  saw  attachments  is  $45;  lathe  with 
scroll  saw  attachment  is  $55;  and  with  both 
scroll  and  circular  saws  is  $70. 


Cryolite. — A  peculi^  specimen  of  quartz 
recently  sent  up  from  San  Diego,  and  having 
the  appearance  of  cryolite,  was  presented  to  the  i  have  been  indulged  in  as   possible. 


ment  of  gold  and  silver  production,   nor   much 


FIG.   2.    CIRCULAR    SAWING    ATTACHMENT. 

it  is  well  made   in  all  its   parts,  and  is   strong, 
neat  and  solid. 

Fig.  2  shows  a  circular  sawing  attachment, 
for  this  lathe  is  intended  for  those  who  desire  a 
good,  practical  machine,  and  will  be  found  very 
effective.  The  table  is  of  iron,  planed  true, 
and  can  be  adjusted  as  to  hight.  It  has  a  guide 
running  in  a  groove  at  right  angles  with  the 
saw,  and  a  slide  operated  in  a  similar  groove 
parallel  to  the  saw.  The  slide  can  also  be  ad- 
justed to  different  angles.  One  each  four-inch 
slitting  and  cutting-off  saws  accompany  this 
attachment. 


FIG.    3.    SCROLL    SAWING    ATTACHMENT. 

Academy  of  Science  at  the  last  meeting,  under 
the  supposition  that  it  was  cryolite.  A  more 
careful  examination,  however,  by  Mr.  Gibbes, 
the  curator  of  mineralogy,  showed  that  the 
specimen  was  only  quartz.  Cryolite  has  only, 
so  far,  been  found  in  Greenland,  and  its  dis- 
covery elsewhere  was  looked  upon  as  a  matter 
of  great  interest,  as  the  article  is  valuable  in 
a  commercial  point  of  view.  It  was  a  mistake, 
however,  to  call  the  substance  referred  to,  cryo- 
lite. 


The  Proposed  Free  Library. 

One  year  ago  the  Legislature  of  California 
passed  a  bill  establishing  a  public  library  in  the 
city  of  San  Francisco,  and  named  the  following 
citizens  who  were  to  be  charged  with  the  duty 
of  carrying  out  its  provisions:  Geo.  H.  Rodgers, 
President;  A.  S.  Hallidie,  J.  S.  Hager,  Andrew 
J.  Moulder,  Richard  Tobin,  John  H.  Wise, 
Henry  George,  Chas.  Terrill,  Irving  M.  Scott, 
Louis  Sloss  and  E.  D.  Sawyer.  The  gentlemen 
thus  commissioned  have  been  actually  at  work, 
and  during  the  past  six  months  have  made  en- 
ergetic efforts  towards  its  immediate  and  prac- 
tical inauguration.  Four  committees  —  on 
finance,  books  and  donations,  rules  and  govern- 
ment, and  buildings  and  rooms, — were  then 
chosen  among  themselves  by  the  trustees  to 
co-operate  in  the  work  of  organization.  A  con- 
ference committee,  consisting  of  Mr.  George  H. 
Rodgers,  the  President  of  Board  as  chairman, 
and  the  various  chairmen  of  the  above-men- 
tioned committees,  was  also  appointed  to  con- 
fer with  public  parties  generally,  and  a  corre- 
sponding committee  from  the  Board  of  Super- 
visors in  particular,  and  to  settle  and  define  the 
details  of  the  work  coming  under  their  juris- 
diction. The  result  is  that  it  is  expected  to 
open  the  library  to  the  public  on  the  15th  of 
May.  or  the  1st  of  June  at  the  latest.  The  com- 
mittee have  all  along  been  hampered  by  a  lack 
of  funds.  Eight  months  ago  the  Board  of  Su- 
pervisors, in  compliance  with  the  law,  set  aside 
$2,000  a  month  as  a  sufficient  fund  for  the  pur- 
pose. The  comparative  smallness  of  this  sum 
has  caused  the  delay  in  carrying  out  the  plans, 
for  the  Trustees  judiciously  thought  it  best  to 
postpone  the  inauguration  until  sufficient  funds 
had  been  accumulated  to  enable  them  to  make 
a  real  start  and  to  purchase  a  sufficient  number 
of  books  to  form  the  nucleus  of  a  creditable 
public  library.  No  money  has  aa  yet  been 
spent,  but  the  immediate  purchase  of  from  12,- 
000  to  15,000  volumes  has  been  decided  on, 
most  of  which  have  been  already  selected. 
This  will  cover  an  assortment  of  all  classes  of 
standard  works,  none  of  which  for  the  present 
will  be  duplicates.  This  fact,  together  with 
the  limited  number  of  books  necessitated  by  the 
scarcity  of  funds,  compels  the  opening  of  the 
library  simply  as  a  reading  room  and  place  of 
reference.  No  circulation  can  be  thought  of 
with  but  15,000  volumes  on  the  Bhelves,  but  as 
soon  as  enough  books  can  be  purchased  the 
public  will  be  allowed  the  priviliges  of  drawing 
them  out.  The  whole  aim  of  the  Trustees  so 
far,  has  been  economy,  and  as  few  expenditures 
1  in  as  possible.  The  work- 
ing officers  will  consist  of  a 
librarian,  assistant  librarian, 
janitor  and  boy.  These  posi- 
tions have  been  filled  or  will 
be  soon.  The  Trustees  have 
secured  as  librarian,  Mr. 
Albert  Hart,  ex-State  Libra- 
rian and  ex-Secretary  to  Gov. 
Booth,  a  gentleman  whose 
experience  and  cultivation  in 
every  way  fit  him  for  the 
position. 

The  choice  of  a  room   now 
rests  solely  with  the  Super- 
visors.     Pacific     Hall     will 
probably   be  taken,    as  it  is 
almost    the     only    place    at 
present     available.     This    is 
50x135  and  is  thought  large 
enough    to    answer  both   as 
library    and    reading    room, 
similar  to  the   plan  adopted 
by  the  Cooper  Institute.    The 
check  aystem  of  that  associa- 
tion will  also   probably  be  adopted,  by  which  a 
person  on  entering  the  library,  will  receive  a 
check,  which  be  will  be  obliged  to  present  to 
the  librarian  in  order  to  obtain  a  book  from  the 
the  shelves.     When  the  borrower  of  the  book 
returns  it  to  the  librarian  he  receives  his  cheek, 
which  he  is  obliged  to  show  at  the  door  upon 


THE'Moffett  register  has  proved  a  failure. 


leaving  the  library. 


A  slight  shopk  of  earthquake  was  felt  in 
Carson  City,  Nev.,  a  little  after  11  o'clock 
Tuesday  night.  The  vibration  seemed  to  be 
east  and  west. 


178 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[March  22,   1879. 


ivORRESPONDENCE. 


We  admit,  unendorsed,  opinions  of  correspondents.— Eds. 


Nevada's  Wealth. 

New  Boston  District,   Esmeralda  County. 

Editors  Press  : — It  may  not  fail  to  interest 
some  of  your  many  readers  to  learn  through  the 
columns  of  your  valuable  paper,  of  some  of  the 
interesting  and  important  sources  of  wealth  that 
are  scattered  among  the  mountains  of  the  State 
of  Nevada. 

As  the  State  is  so  closely  allied  to  us  in  her 
commercial  relations,  every  interest  that  in- 
creases her  wealth  but  adds  to  our  coffers,  through 
the  merchants  and  miners  who  find  their  way  to 
San  Francisco  to  replenish  their  stocks,  many  of 
the  large  mining  properties  that  have  been  opened 
up  in  the  last&ew  years,  bids  fair  to  rival  some 
of  the  most  productive  of  the  State.  I  allude  to 
the  mine  and  mill  at  New  Boston,  Esmeralda 
county.  There  are  connected  with  this  mine 
no  less  than  14  ledges,  many  of  which  are  very 
extensive  and  very  rich.  Some  of  the  veins  are 
16  to  18  feet  wide,  and  are  pay  ore  the  width  of 
ledge— making  an  average  of  $100  per  ton; 
while  the  amount  of  ore  exposed  to  sight  by 
the  prospect  work  done,  is  simply  fabulous,  and 
will  keep  a  mill  running  for  years.  No 
where  in  the  State  did  I  see  such  a  rich  and  ex- 
tensive body  of  ore. 

They  have  13  stamps,  a  large  sized  Davis 
pulverizer  and  a  White  &  Howell  furnace  of  50 
tons  capacity.  The  ore  is  rebellious,  contain- 
ing about  25%  of  copper,  but  yielded  above  $50 
per  ton  without  roasting.  It  was  expected  the 
furnace  would  be  running  in  a  short  time  after 
I  was  there,  and  ere  this,  I  presume  they  are 
taking  out  from  $2,000  to  $3,000  per  day,  as  it 
was  expected  the  ore,  when  roasted,  would  pan 
out  $100  per  ton  and  over  of  gold  and  silver, 
the  silver  predominating  in  value. 

If  this  mine  was  situated  a  little  nearer  civi- 
lization, it  would  soon  become  one  of  the  most 
prominent  in  the  State. 

The  location  of  the*  ledges  are  so  highly 
elevated  above  the  mill  that  hoisting  works 
are  not  needed,  nor  are  they  troubled  with 
water  in  the  mines,  for  at  the  lowest  depths  of 
the  shafts  I  found  them  as  dry  as  a  toper  at 
half  past  5  A.  m.  The  ledges  are  true  fissure 
veins  with  perfect  walls,  the  direction  nearly 
north  and  south  with  a  dip  to  the  west  of  about 
85  degrees.  The  work  on  these  ledges  was  com- 
menced several  years  ago  by  the  present  owner, 
Mr.  A.  J.  Rhodes,  who  continued  to  prospect 
each  one  of  the  ledges,  until  he  became  satisfied 
that  they  were  permanent,  he  then  proceeded 
to  erect  his  present  mill  and  bring  the  water 
from  an  adjoining  mountain  some  five  miles 
away. 

The  long  distance  to  transport  freight  by 
wagons  and  the  scarcity  of  lumber,  makes  min- 
ing in  Nevada  more  expensive  than  in  our  State, 
but  the  quantity  of  ore  and  its  high  grade  with 
a  careful  selection  of  a  ledge,  thoroughly  pros- 
pected, warrants  the  outlay,  and  will  amply  re- 
pay the  investment. 

If  the  capital  invested  in  fancy  stocks,  where 
there  is  not  even  a  prospect  for  a  ledge,  could 
be  diverted  into  some  of  these  legitimate  min- 
ing camps,  that  are  sure  to  pay  the  investment 
a  hundred  fold,  what  a  change  would  be 
brought  about  in  our  commercial  circles,  and 
the  disappointments  of  broken  fortunes 
changed  to  happy  smiles,  and  the  enchanting 
scenes  that  follow  in  the  bright  pathway  of 
domestic  happiness — for  prosperity  always 
brings  happiness;  first  to  the  individuals,  then 
to  the  community  in  which  the  individual 
resides. 

But — excuse  my  moralizing — I  intended  to 
give  you  facts  pertaining  to  the  wealth  of 
Nevada, 

The  Great  Salt  Marsh. 

After  leaving  the  New  Boston  camp,  I  was 
invited  to  inspect  the  great  salt  marsh,  as  it  is 
known  in  that  country,  and  here  I  met  with  an 
anomaly  in  nature — the  extent  and  number  of 
the  salt  springs  covering  as  they  do  the  enor- 
mous area  of  4,160  acres — the  springs,  each  one 
of  which  is  separate  from  the  other,  numbers 
over  2,000,  and  each  spring  is  capable  of  yield- 
ing one  ton  of  salt  per  day,  the  crystallization 
occurring  without  any  artificial  aid  whatever. 
The  salt  water  rises  through  a  perpendicular 
column  of  crystallized  salt,  which  neither  in- 
creases nor  diminishes  apparently  from  the 
friction  of  the  water,  but  as  soon  as  the  water 
reaches  the  surface,  the  crystals  begin  to  form, 
and  the  salt  is  gathered  by  the  attendant  with 
a  long  handled  shovel,  who  makes  his  rounds, 
in  piling  up  the  white  pearly  crystals,  in  little 
heaps  on  the  edge  of  the  surrounding  elevation. 

Not  mauy  of  the  springs  are  utilized,  as  the 
owners  cannot  find  sale  for  so  large  a  product, 
and  it  being  120  miles  to  railroad,  the  sale  is 
confined  to  the  local  demands. 

The  salt  is  the  purest  in  the  country,  an 
analysis  by  a  friend  of  mine,  gave  the  following 
results : 

Chloride  of  sodium Na  CI      95 

Free  soda Na  03 

Biborate  soda Na  Bo  2 02 

Total 1.00 

With  railroad  facilities  to  bring  this  salt  into 
market,  we  could  be  supplied  with  the  purest 
article  ever  produced  at  a  comparative  low  price, 
as  I  was  told,  it  could  be  gathered  and  dried  and 


sacked  for  $4  per  ton,  including  the  cost  of 
bags.  A  railroad  is  projected,  with  every  prob- 
ability of  its  being  built,  that  will  leave  the 
Central  Pacific  at  Wadsworth  and  pass  within 
a  few  miles  of  this  famous  group  of  salt  springs, 
which  alone  would  furnish  sufficient  freight  to 
pay  a  handsome  dividend  on  the  cost  of  con- 
struction. 

Borax. 

In  addition  to  the  salt  springs  in  this  wonder- 
ful basin,  there  are  several  large  biborate  of  soda 
springs  that*  are  constantly  producing  borax. 
The  owner,  who  accompanied  me,  took  a  shovel 
and  excavated  a  hole  in  the  vicinity  of  one  of 
these  springs,  and  for  two  feet  down  was  a  solid 
mass  of  borax  crystals,  which  had  only  to  be 
gathered  and  washed  to  remove  the  adhering 
dirt  and  it  was  ready  for  market.  Here  were 
thousands  of  tons  of  this  valuable  product  which 
could  be  laid  down  in  your  city  at  a  few  cents 
per  pound  if  railroad  communication  was  estab- 
lished at  or  near  this  locality;  and  certainly  the 
supply  seems  to  be  inexhaustible,  as  it  is  con- 
stantly forming.  Some  two  miles  away  from 
these  borax  springs,  and  on  the  opposite  side  of 
the  salt  springs,  we  were  shown  an  immense  de- 
posit of  biborate  of  lime;  the  purest  I  ever  saw, 
samples  of  which  I  brought  with  me,  g,nd  also 
send  them  to  you.  This  deposit  is  most  re- 
markable, from  the  fact  that  its  formation  is 
continuous.  It  would  seem  that  the  vapors  of 
boron  find  their  way  up  through  the  earth,  and, 
coming  in  contact  with  water  containing  lime, 
abstract  the  lime  and  thus  form  this  wonderful 
deposit.  The  formation  is  found  in  small  balls 
resembling  cotton  in  appearance,  and  upon  ex- 
amination are  found  to  contain  beautiful  white, 
pearly  crystals  of  a  laminar  structure,  with  a 
soft,  silky  feeling;  insoluble  in  water. 

The  sources  from  whence  come  this  factor  of 
wealth  to  the  State  is  hidden  within  the  deep 
arcana  of  nature,  and  is  without  question  one  of 
the  great  curiosities  of  nature's  laboratory.  The 
elevation  is  over  3,000  feet  above  the  sea,  yet  it 
is  surrounded  by  mountain  ranges,  from  whose 
lofty  hights  millions  of  bullion  can  be  taken 
with  proper  machinery  and  a  judicious  expendi- 
ture of  money.  But  no  where  in  the  State  is 
there  such  a  concentration  of  natural  wealth  as 
comes  rising  up  in  a  perpetual  stream  in  this 
famous  salt  mash  of  Esmeralda  county;  owned 
by  A.  J.  Rhodes,  of  Bellville.  "    Jno. 


Tlj|E    EMqiNEEf^. 


Cheap  Railways. 

[Written  for  the  Press  by  R.  Grimshaw.] 
There  is  now  being  agitated  in  France,  the 
question  of  cheap  public  railways;  and  it  is 
probable  that  the  new  law  will  authorize  the 
establishment  of  railways  on  the  public  roads 
and  streets,  subject  to  the  authority  of  the 
General  Councils  as  regards  construction  and 
maintenance,  grades,  curves,  gauge,  etc.,  the 
concessions  revocable  by  the  "Conseil  d'Etat;" 
speed  limited  to  20  kilometers  per  hour,  and 
the  whistle  replaced  by  bell  or  trumpet;  no 
night  service;  as  few  trains  as  possible,  say 
three  per  day;  mixed  freight  and  passenger 
traffic.  As  the  lines  will  not  be  more  than  30 
kilometers  each  in  length,  but  one  man  will  be 
needed  for  both  " engineer"  and  "conductor." 
The  speed  of  30  kilometers  can  be  reduced  near 
to  towns  and  crossings,  etc., — being  averaged 
by  a  maximum  of  25  kilometers.  The  charge 
proposed  per  traveler  is  seven  centimes  per  kil- 
ometer; and  for  merchandise,  13  centimes  per 
ton  per  kilometer.  Supposing  that  the  freight 
and  passenger  receipts  are  equal,  we  will  have, 
say — 

Kilometer  receipts  per  yearm 2,000  francs. 

"  "  "    day.™ 5.48   " 

"  "  "     train,    counting  six 

trains  per  day 0.90    " 

Kilometer  units  per  train: 

0.46 

Passengers =6.420  travelers 

0.07 
0.45 

Freight =3.461  tons 

0.13 
This  is  reckoning,  then,  on  an  average  of  6. 42 
travelers  and  3.471  tons  of  freight  per  train  to 
produce  2,000  francs  per  kilometer  per  year. 

Tons. 
The  proposed  train  is  to  have  a  mixed  car  (contain- 
ing two  tons  of  baggage  or  freight,  and  six  pas- 
sengers) weighing  empty 1.200 

Passenger  car,  14  places,  weighing  empty 1.200 

Freight  car  holding  3.6  tons     "        "         1.200 

Weight  of  6.42  passenger  @  70  kilos  each 449 

Freight 3.461 

One  empty  car  weighing 1.000 

Total 8.510 

The  maximum  regular  grade  of  roads  and 
streets  is  5  in  100,  although  6  and  7  are  some- 
times found.  Counting  a  mean  train  load  of 
8^  tons,  we  shall  see  that  a  tank  locomotive 
with  three  pairs  coupled,  and  weighing  nine 
tons — that  is,  three  tons  per  axle,  can  easily 
draw  such  a  load  up  a  grade  of  7  in  100.  So 
the  grade  will  be  no  trouble.  Now  about  the 
curves.  We  do  not  wish  to  go  too  far  into  the 
battle  of  the  gauges.  There  is  no  question 
now  but  that  narrow  gauges  are  the  cheapest 
and  best  paying;  the  only  trouble  is  about  the 
changing  freight  from  one  gauge  to  another. 
Still  where  we  are  only  allowing  for  a  freight- 
age of  2,000  to  2,500  francs  per  kilometer  a 
year,  a  wide  or  "standard"  gauge  is  out  of  the 
question;  and  it  becomes  necessary  to  choose 
the  narrow  with  a  rolling  stock  of  30,000  francs 
per  kilometer — a  reasonable  figure. 


One  of  the  chief  advantages  of  the  narrow 
gauge  is  the  permissibility  of  short  curves.  Of 
course,  with  rigid  wheels  the  nearer  the  wheels 
the  shorter  the  curve  they  will  turn  on  and  the 
less  resistance  from  curves. 

Just  what  proportion  to  lay  down  between 
the  gauge-width  and  the  minimum  curve-radius 
depends  upon  many  things — such  as  conicity  of 
the  tires,  end-play  of  axles,  "play"  of  the  rails 
themselves,  etc.  But  the  many  narrow-gauge 
railways  made  and  run  up  to  to-day  prove: 

1.  That  curves  of  SO  or  90  meters  radius  for 
the  meter  gauge,  and  of  40  to  50  meters  radius 
for  the  three-quarter  meter  gauge,  are  as  prac- 
ticable for  running  as  those  of  250  to  300  meters 
for  the  "standard"  gauge. 

2.  That  by  slowing  up  it  is  possible  to  round 
curves*of  only  15  to  20  meters  radius. 

There  being  light  traffic  there  can  be  heavy 
grades.  We  shall  now  look  at  the  question  of 
not  only  whether  the  rails  can  follow  the  grades 
and  curves  of  ordinary  roads,  but  whether  they 
can  be  laid  thereon  without  necessitating  widen- 
ing. This  is  a  very  important  question.  The 
three-quarter  meter  gauge  might  be  laid  on  one 
side  of  most  roads,  on  a  raised  embankment, 
leaving  sufficient  space  at  the  side  and  yet  pre- 
venting ordinary  vehicles  from  getting  into 
danger.  On  roads  of  six  meters  width  the 
three-quarter  meter  gauge  is  the  widest  that 
can  be  thus  laid.  On  very  narrow  roads  it 
would  be  necessary  to  have  the  rails  at  the  road 
level  and  the  track  stone  ballasted — and  if  nec- 
essary counter  rails  could  be  used  so  as  to  per- 
mit the  track  being  used  by  ordinary  vehicles. 

In  towns,  the  track  should  be  in  the  middle 
of  the  road  whenever  this  would  leave  enough 
room  at  each  side  for  a  wagon  track.  If  at  the 
side,  on  account  of  narrow  width  it  might 
hinder  cars  or  wagons  from  standing  in  front  of 
stores,  etc.,  especially  along  a  river  bank — a 
very  serious  inconvenience.  But  for  rural 
roads  this  makes  but  little  difference,  as  the 
road  need  be  free  but  six  times  a  day  for  a  few 
minutes  at  a  time. 

The  three-quarter  meter  gauge  permits  the 
use  of  cars  only  1^  to  If  meters  wide  from  out 
to  out — far  within  the  maximum  permissible 
carriage  width  on  ordinary  roads;  the  train 
having  the  advantage  over  the  wagons,  of  less 
width,  more  docile  motors  and  invariable  track 
or  course.  The  locomotive  does  not  balk,  and 
can  be  more  quickly  stopped  than  a  horse. 

There  is  in  Wales  a  railway  of  60  centimeters 
gauge — that  of  Festiuiog;  in  Germany  there 
are  two  of  three-quarter  meters:  that  of 
Broelthal  near  Cologne,  and  that  from  Ocholt 
to  Westersted,  near  Oldenburg* — both  carry- 
ing passengers  and  freight. 

The  economy  in  rails  is  considerable  over  the 
standard  gauge,  a  rail  weighing  12  kilos  per 
meter  sufficing  instead  of  one  of  35  to  37  kilos, 
on  account  of  the  maximum  weight  per  axle 
being  but  3£  tons  instead  of  12  to  13  tons. 

If  we  suppose  the  rail  supported  on  two  ties, 
we  get  its  resistance  from  the  formula: 

R  =  0.14S™L 

In  which  P  is  the  rolling  load  on  one  wheel ;  a, 
the  distance  between  the  ties  ;  V,  the  distance 
from  the  neutral  axis  of  the  most  distant  fiber, 
and  I,  the  moment  of  inertia  of  the  rail  section 
referred  to  its  neutral  axis.  For  the  type 
adopted — 

V=0.03536. 
1=0  000,000,887 
d-0.68 

The  maximum  weight  of  locomotives  being, 
say,  three  tons  per  axle,  we  have  P  =  1,500 
kilog.  These  elements  give  us  11=6.01  kilog. 
per  square  millimeter,  quite  a  safe  figure,  as  the 
35  kilog.  iron  rail  of  the  Vignole  de  l'Est  road 
carries  8.16  kilog.  per  square  mm.,  and  the  36 
kilog.  iron  rail  of  the  Orleans  line  bears  8.50 
kilog.  per  square  mm. 

As  regards  the  power  of  the  locomotive,  in 
the  ordinary  system  the  motive  force  is  brought 
to  bear  on  the  resistance  of  the  train  by  means 
of  adhesion.  The  resistance  increases  rapidly 
with  the  grade,  and,  while  we  can  increase  the 
motive  force  by  diminishing  the  speed,  we  can- 
not so  increase  the  adhesion.  Hence  the  sys- 
tems of  artificial  adhesion,  such  as  the  central 
rail  gripped  by  horizontal  wheels.,  used  on  the 
Mt.  Cenis  road,  and  the  rack  and  pinion  em- 
ployed at  the  Kigi.  These  are,  however,  too 
expensive  and  otherwise  unsuitable  for  our  pro- 
posed roads. 

We  have  then  to  haul  a  train  of  8^  tons  on 
grades  of  7  in  100  and  short  curves.  The  tank 
locomotive  will  do  this  best  as  economizing 
dead  weight  and  increasing  adhesion.  The  en- 
gine should  have  all  wheels  coupled.  The 
number  of  axles  should  be  large  enough  to  ease 
the  rails,  and  they  should  yet  be  close  enough 
together  to  give  curving  capacity.  The  heating 
surface  should  be  quite'  large,  the  wheels  of 
small  diameter,  to  lower  the  center  of  gravity, 
round  curves  easily,  augment  the  piston  speed, 
and  the  number  of  "exhausts  "  which  quicken 
combustion. 

Such  dimensions  as  these  would  answer: 
Weight  of  tank  locomotive,  3*pairs  coupled. .  9  tons 

Wheel  base 1.50  m 

Boiler  pressure 10  atm" 

Heating  surface,  lire-box 2.30  sq.  m' 

"'  "  tubes 18.9  sq.m' 

Diameter  of  coupled  wheels 0.60  m" 

"  cylinders 0.22  m' 

Piston  stroke 0.30  m" 

This  locomotive,  hauling  three  tons  on  each 
axle,  and  wheel  base  of  lh  meters,  could  run  on 
12  kilog.  rails  and  round  15  meter  curves.  We 
shall  see  if  it  could  mount  grades  of  7  in  100: 

Supposing  Q   the  weight  of  the  train  and  P 

*  The  rails  weigh  12  kilog.  per  meter. 


the  weight  of  the   engine  (in   tons),  the  resist- 
ance would  be — 

_   (Q  +  P)  [r  +  i); 
r  being  the  resistance  to   traction  per  ton  on  a 
level,  and  i  the  resistance  due  to  gravity,  in 
grades,  t 

Theory  and  experience  show  that  i  —  as  many 
kilograms  per  ton  as  there  are  thousandths  of 
inclination. 

The  horizontal  resistance  r  increases  with  the 
speed,  the  sharpness  of  the  curves  and  the 
length  of  the  trains.  On  steep  grades,  the 
speed  would  be  reduced  and  in  our  case  the 
train  length  short.  We  may  consider  r  =  6  k. 
If  then  Q  =  S:V  tons,  P  =  9  tons,  r  =  6  kilog., 
i  =  70  k.,  the  resistance  in  the  maximum  grade 
will  be — 

(84  t  +  9t  (6  k  +  70  k)  =  1,330  k. 

The  adhesion  is  expressed  by 
f  1,000  P; 
P  being  the  weight  of  locomotive  in  tons  on  the 
driving  wheels;  f  a  co-efficient  depending  on  the 
contacting  surfaces,  and  varying  from  one- 
quarter  to  one-tenth,  according  to  the  weather. 
It  is  greatest  for  rails,  that  are  very  dry  or  very 
wet,  and  weakest  for  greasy  or  damp  rails.  We 
may  say  one-sixth  to  one-seventh,  and  calcu- 
late with  one-sixth  on  the  maximum  grade. 

It  will  run  easier  on  the  level  and  always  be 
kept  up  to  this  on  the  grades  by  the  use  of  sand 
or  water.  Supposing  the  water  and  coal  to  be 
partly  used,  so  that  the  adhesion  is  dependent 
on  only  8^  tons  weight,  we  shall  have  f  1,000 
P=l,416  kilog.,  while  we  have  a  resistance  of 
only  1,330  kilog. 

As  regards  the  hauling  force,  this  depends  on 
the  heating  surface.  For  slow  speed  locomo- 
tives, each  square  meter  of  actual  heating  sur- 
face should  produce  7  horse-power;  the  actual 
heating  surface  being  say  £  the  tube  surface. 
Our  locomotive  should  then  have  a  hauling 
power  of — 


7  S    2.3  + 


18.9  j 


=  60  H.  P.,  or  4,515 


kilogrammeters,  which  may  be  devided  into  a 
work  of  traction  F,  at  a  speed  V;  that  is  FV= 
4,515  kilogrammeters. 

The  work  of  traction  at  the  circumference  of 
the  drivers,  is — 

■c,      m  p  d2 1    . 
r  —  — i — =;_    in  which 
D 
P=pressure  per  square  meter  on  the  boiler;   m, 
a   coefficient  varying   with  the    cut-olf;   wire- 
drawing,  ;  d,  the  diameter  of  cylinder;  I,  the 

stroke  of  piston;  D,  the  diameter  of  drivers  (all 
in   meteis).     F  is   at  a  maximum  when    m   is 
greatest;  that  is,  using  full  steam   without   cut- 
off; in  this  case  m  is  taken  as  0.65. 
If  we  substitute 

d=0.22 

1=0.30 

B-0  60 

P=(10-l)    10.333  k  =  92.997k, 

we  shall  have  for  maximum  of  F, 

F=l,463  kilog., 
which  is  all  right  when  the   adherence  is   1,416 
and  the  resistance  1,330  kilos. 

When  the  work  of  traction   is   greatest,    the 
speed  is  least,  and  has  for  value 
V=  4,515  hgm^g  QQ 
1,463  k 
or  11  kilometers  per  hour. 

Thus  our  locomotive  on  grades  of  7  in  100, 
will  not  develop  its  maximum  traction  effect 
beyond  11  kilos  per  hour.  / 

It  is  interesting  to  note  the  effect  of  steep 
grades  on  the  useful  effect  of  locomotives.  We 
have — 

(Q+P)  {r+i)  =  i  1,000  P;  whence 

q-|LL$??-i  jp 

I     r  +  i  ) 

Making  f=J,  then 
r=6K 
Giving  successive  values  to  i,  we  have  the  fol- 
lowing table: 


Number  of  times 

Grade 

Resistance 

its  own  weight 

per 

per  ton 

a  locomotive 

1,000 

in  Kilo- 

can haul. 

REMARKS. 

grammes. 

1/1,000    t    1 
I   (r+i)         i 

to 

(r+i) 

30 

36 

3.611 

35 

41 

3.049 

Appenzel  R.  R.— St. 
Germain  R.  R. 

40 

46 

2.609 

Lausanne  to  Echul- 
lens. 

45 

51 

2.255 

Enghien  to  Mont- 
morency. 

50 

56 

1.964 

Waedensweil  to  Ein- 
silden. 

55 

61 

1.721 

60 

66 

1.515 

65 

71 

1.366 

70 

76 

1.184 

Utliberg  R.  R. 

75 

81 

1.05 

Tavaux-Ponscricourt 

The  above  table  shows  very  clearly  the  econ- 
omy in  easy  grades,  and  we  believe  that  the 
foregoing  figures  will  be  found  valuable  not  only 
for  demonstrating  the  advantage  of  the  narrow- 
gauge,  but  for  calculating  the  elements  of  any 
desired  gauge,  grade  or  curve. 

t  The  friction  of  the  working  parts  is  not  counted. 


Wike  Belts. — A  German  firm  is  manufac- 
turing, woven  steel  wire  belting,  of  a  peculiar 
make,  as  described  below,  which  they  claim  to 
transmit  power  well,  to  operate  without  length- 
ening, and  to  run  smoothly  because  there  is  no 
overlapping  at  any  place.  The  spirals  of  wire 
are  woven  across  the  belting,  so  that  three, 
four  or  more  spirals  form  one  link.  The  space 
between  two  links  is  besides,  filled  up  with  a 
cross-piece,  so  that  the  closely  woven  netting  of 
spiral  wire  forms  a  baud  of  great  strength  and 
flexibility.  It  is  faced  and  lined  with  rubber 
or  leather. 


March  22,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


179 


ga? 


ECHANICAL      fROGRESS. 


r 


Welding  of  Metals  at  Low  Temperatures. 

Some  time  ago,  iu  order  to  estimate  the 
amount  of  hydrocyanic  acid  in  a  solution,  Mr. 
Charles  A.  Fawcctt,  of  Glasguw,  Scotland,  pro- 
cipitated  it  with  silver  nitrate.  After  having 
filtered  and  washed  the  precipitate,  he  reduced 
it  to  the  metallic  state  by  lieating  to  the  re- 
quirt  d  temperature.  Just  as  he  was  about  to 
allow  it  to  cool  he  noticed  a  small  piece  of  dirt 
among  the  reduced  silver.  In  order  to  separate 
them  he  took  a  thin  platinum  wire  and  pushed 
the  silver  to  one  side,  but  on  attempting  to  take 
the  wire  away  the  silver  remained  in  contact 
with  it.  As  he  thought  this  curious,  he  tried 
the  following  experiment:  He  took  a  piece  of 
silver  foil,  about  one  centimeter  square,  placed 
it  in  an  inverted  porcelain  crucible  lid,  and 
heated  it  to  about  500°  C.  J  then  he  brought 
into  contact  with  it  the  extremity  of  a  thin 
platinum  wire,  and  to  Iris  astonishment  the 
wire  raised  the  silver  from  the  lid,  and  it  re- 
mained in  contact  when  cold. 

The  silver  being  so  much  below  its  melting 
point,  its  behavior  puzzled  him,  so  he  wrote  to 
Sir  W.  Thomson  for  au  explanation.  On  wit- 
nessing the  experiment,  Sir  William  pronounced 
it  a  remarkable  case  of  "cohesion,"  the  two 
metals,  in  fact,  "welding,"  although  the  tem- 
perature was  far  below  the  melting  point  of  sil- 
ver. Mr.  Fawcett  says  that  the  experiment 
can  be  performed  successfully  at  lower  temper- 
atures than  500°  C,  if  smaller  pieces  of  foil  are 
taken;  and  that  other  metals,  for  instance,  cop- 
per and  aluminum,  cohere  to  silver  in  the  same 
manner  as  platinum,  but  less  strikingly. — Scien- 
tijir  American. 

Motive  Power  from  the  Condensation  of 
Steam. — The  water  from  a  lodge  is,  according 
to  the  invention  of  Mr.  Kobert  Wortley,  of 
Oldham,  England,  conveyed  by  pipes  into  a 
well  about  20  feet  below  the  level  of  the  lodge, 
into  which  is  inserted  the  lower  end  of  a  pipe 
32  feet  high,  equal  to  the  pressure  of  one  atmos- 
phere, the  upper  end  of  which  pipe  is  placed  in 
a  cistern;  this  cistern  is  in  communication  above 
and  beloW  by  pipes  and  valves  with  a  second 
cistern,  in  which  is  a  float.  The  lid  of  the 
second  cistern  is  in  communication  with  the 
cylinder  of  a  steam  engiue.  The  lower  end  of 
the  second  cistern  is  in  communication  through 
a  valve  with  the  hot  well  and  with  the  lodge. 
When  the  water  from  the  first  cistern  enters 
the  second  cistern  the  float  rises,  and  the  water 
from  the  lodge  keeps  the  well  at  the  same  level. 
When  the  steam  from  the  cylinder  of  the 
steam  engine  enters  the  second  cistern  it  lowers 
the  float  and  drives  the  water  into  the  hot  well 
and  back  into  the  lodge;  the  steam  from  the 
second  cistern  then  passes  through  the  top 
valve  into  the  first  cistern  and  is  there  con- 
densed; the  partial  vacuum  thus  formed  then 
raises  more  water  from  the  well,  and  the  opera- 
tions are  repeated  as  before.  In  the  lid  of  the 
first  cistern  is  a  pump  to  draw  off  the  air,  and 
this  pump  is  used  to  fill  both  the  cisterns  with 
water  on  commencing  work.  Between  the 
lodge  and  the  well  is  a  turbin,  or  a  water  wheel, 
or  other  hydraulic  engine,  to  make  use  of  the 
fall  of  water  between  the  two  levels. 

Old  and  New  Objects  of  Invention. — The 
inventions  of  the  last  hundred  years  sometimes 
appear  more  grand  and  far  reaching  than  any 
now  being  developed  or  demanded.  But  it 
must  be  remembered  that  the  old  inventors  had 
a  clear  field.  Everything  was  demanded  and 
nothing  was  done.  The  steam  engine,  the  cot- 
ton giu,  the  telegraph,  smelting  with  pit  coal, 
the  hot  blast,  the  rifled  cannon,  and  all  the 
other  great  inventions  which  have  changed  the 
whole  aspect  of  life,  were  then  unknown,  and 
even  the  most  imperfect  development  of  them 
was  more  striking  and  revolutionary  than  the 
later  and  really  more  valuable  refinements  of 
the  same  inventions.  And  it  does  not  follow 
that  less  useful  work  is  wanted  or  likelv  to  be 
done  now.  On  the  contrary,  the  improvements 
in  steam  power,  for  instance,  likely  to  be  devel- 
oped during  the  next  hundred  years,  will  have 
a  greater  money  value  than  all  that  has  pre- 
ceded— perfect  as  the  steam  engine  is  to-day. 
The  old  inventors  were  called  upon  to  discover 
and  open  the  doors  of  Nature's  storehouse  ;  the 
later  inventors  are  called  upon  to  bring  out  and 
set  in  order  her  wonderful  secrets. 


Shipbuilding  in  the  United  States. — The 
following  statistics  show  that  the  shipbuilding 
industry  is  not  quite  extinct  in  this  country  : 
During  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  30th,  1878, 
32  iron  vessels  were  built,  with  a  tonnage  of 
25,960.29  tons.  This  record  is  second  to  the 
best  record  the  country  has  yet  made,  which 
was  in  1874,  when  the  tonnage  aggregated  33,- 
097  tons.  The  next  best  record  in  tonnage  was 
in  1S73,  when  it  amounted  to  26.54S  tons.  The 
number  of  iron  vessels  built  during  the  past 
year  was  greater  than  in  any  other  y$x,  the 
year  which  most  favorably  compares  with  it 
being  1873,  when  26  were  built.  Of  the  vessels 
built  during  the  past  year,  9  were  ocean  pro- 
pellers, varying  in  tonnage  from  1,156  tons  to 
3,548  tons;  1  was  a  lake  propeller  of  306  tons; 
1  was  a  stern-wheel  river  steamer  of  1,028  tons; 
7  were  side-wheel  river  steamers,  ranging  from 
128  to  1,285  tons;  13  were  steam  tugs,  the 
largest  of  which  measured  180  tons;  and  the 
remaining  vessel  was  a  yatch.  The  current 
year  promises  to  surpass  the  last  consider- 
baly  in  its  additions  to  our  iron  shipping. 


Working  up  Iron  and  Steel  Shearings. 

Thin  shearings  or  pieces  of  iron  or  steel — 
such,  for  example,  as  the  scrap  from  cutting 
iron  sheets  for  tin-plate  making,  and  from  other 

operatiuns  iu  which  thin  sheet  iron  or  steel  is 
employed— are  frequently  reworked  with  other 
metal  either  in  the  puddling  furnace  or  in  the 
refining  furnace.  In  some  cases  the  scrap  has 
been  placed  loose  in  the  puddling  or  refinery 
furnace,  but  more  commonly  it  is  made  into 
bundles.  Iu  any  ease  the  binding  only  serves 
to  keep  the  materia]  together  whilst  heating  up, 
for  the  bundle  then  falls  apart,  allowing  the 
metal  to  mix  with  the  remaiuder  of  the  charge 
upon  the  bed  or  hearth  of  the  furnace.  There 
is  much  loss  iu  this  process  of  reworking,  30 
cwt.  of  this  scrap  not  producing  more  than  a 
ton  of  manufactured  metal.  According  to  the 
invention  of  Mr.  J.  H.  Rogers,  of  Llanelly,  the 
shearings  or  waste  pieces  of  thin  iron  or  steel 
are  compacted  together  into  masses  or  blocks, 
and  these,  either  alone  or  together  with  other 
pieces  of  iron  or  steel,  are  placed  in  a  reheating 
furnace,  and,  when  headed  to  a  proper  tempera- 
ture, are  consolidated  under  a  steam  hammer  or 
in  other  convenient  way.  In  this  manner  he 
can  obtain  a  ton  of  manufactured  metal  from 
23  cwt  of  shearings.  In  order  to  form  the 
shearings  or  pieces  of  iron  or  steel  into  masses 
or  blocks  ready  for  heating,  he  places  them  in  a 
box  or  mold,  and  by  a  steam  press  or  other  suit- 
able machine  he  presses  the  contents  of  the  box 
or  mold  until  a  compact  block  is  obtained.  The 
mass  thus  compacted  is  withdrawn  from  the  box 
or  mold  by  an  opening  provided  for  the  purpose, 
and  which  is  closed  by  a  door  whilst  the  ma- 
terial is  being  molded.  The  compacting  of  the 
scraps  is  performed  in  a  cylinder  or  mold, 
wherein  they  can  be  compressed  by  a  kind  of 
steam  hammer.  To  discharge  the  molded  mass 
or  block,  the  box  or  mold  is  opened,  and  by 
means  of  a  bar  inserted  at  a  suitable  hole  it  is 
forced  out  in  a  condition  to  go  into  the  reheat- 
ing furnace.  In  the  furnace,  and  in  the  subse- 
quent hammering,  the  blocks  or  masses  are 
treated  in  the  same  way  as  piles  or  blooms. 

Paper  vs.  Iron  Car  Wheels. — According 
to  the  Chicago  Railway  Review,  the  average 
running  capacity  of  an  ordinary  iron  car  wheel 
is  about  75,000  miles;  while  that  of  a  paper 
wheel,  with  a  steel  tire,  is  from  450,000  to  550,- 
U00  miles.  Iu  order  to  get  this  wear,  it  is  nec- 
essary to  give  the  tire  from  three  to  four  turn- 
ings. The  first  cost  of  the  paper  wheel  is  §b'5, 
and  of  the  best  quality  of  cast  iron  wheel  §14. 
The  mileage  of  the  latter  is  usually  guaranteed 
at  50,000  miles.  The  cost  of  turning  the  steel 
tire  is  §35,  which  may  safely  be  estimated  as 
equal  to  the  cost  of  the  more  frequent  renewals 
of  cast  iron  wheels  with  the  attendant  ex- 
penses of  transportation  in  each  case.  The  pa- 
per wheel  costs  §65,  and  runs  450,000  miles  in 
2.  S  years.  For  convenience  in  reckoning,  and 
at  a  disadvantage  to  the  paper  wheel,  on  ac- 
count of  the  interest  money,  call  this  period 
three  years.  At  the  end  of  this  time  the  orig- 
inal cost,  with  7%  compound  interest,  amounts 
to  not  quite  §80.  But  during  this  period  nine 
cast  iron  wheels  have  been  used,  costing  §14 
each.  Allowing  a  rebate  of  $5  each  for  the 
worn  out  wheels,  and  calculating  on  simple  in- 
terest at  7%,  the  cost  of  the  wheels  for  this  ser- 
vice amounts  to  §91.50,  showing  a  saving  in  the 
case  of  paper  wheels  of  §11.50,  and  were  com- 
pound interest  computed,  as  in  the  case  of  the 
paper  wheels,  the  saving  indicated  would  be  a 
much  larger  amount.  In  computing  the  cost 
for  the  second  period  of  three  years  a  much 
greater  saving  would  be  shown,  since  a  renewal 
of  the  tire  only,  at  a  cost  of  §35  is  necessary, 
instead  of  a  first  cost  of  §65  for  a  new  paper 
wheel.  The  data  from  which  this  conclusion  is 
reached  are  vouched  for  by  the  Pullman  Com- 
pany. The  Review  adds  that  the  experience  of 
the  railway  companies  which  have  used  the  pa- 
per steel  tired  wheels  bears  out  the  records  of 
the  Pullman  Company.  As  engine  truck  wheels 
the  paper  wheels  seem  to  be  especially  success- 
ful, the  experience  on  some  roads  warranting 
the  conclusion  that  they  will  make  800,000  miles 
before  the  tire  requires  renewal. 


Artificial  Marble  Produced  by  Steam 
Heat  and  Pressure. — A  process  has  been  in- 
vented by  Miss  Hosmer,  the  sculptress,  for 
making  artificial  marble  which  differs  from  pre- 
vious processes  in  the  fact  that  limestone  in  the 
solid  state  is  employed  as  the  base  instead  of  a 
mixture  of  plaster  and  cement.  The  limestone 
is  worked  by  any  suitable  means  to  the  desired 
form,  and  i3  then  placed  in  a  boiler  furnished 
with  a  safety-valve  and  manometer,  so  that  the 
pressure  therein  may  be  noted  and  controlled 
as  may  be  required.  The  boiler  is  filled  with 
pure  water  at  the  ordinary  temperature,  care 
being  taken  that  there  is  no  mineral  deposit  in- 
troduced with  the  water,  and  that  the  water 
completely  covers  the  objects  placed  within  the 
boiler.  The  boiler  is  then  hermetically  sealed, 
and  fire  applied,  and  the  water  allowed  to  boil 
until  the  manometer  indicates  75  pounds  of  at- 
mospheric pressure  if  the  objects  are  small,  and 
90  or  100  pounds  of  pressure  if  the  objects  are 
large.  When  the  heat  reaches  the  above- 
mentioned  point  the  water  is  allowed  to  cool 
until  the  pressure  indicated  by  the  manometer 
returns  to  zero.  The  water  is  then  taken  out 
of  the  boiler  either  by  means  of  a  pump  or 
a  syphon,  and  the  objects  are  removed  from 
the  boiler  preparatory  to  being  placed  in  the 
alum  or  colored  bath,  various  recipes  being 
given  for  different  colors. 


fZ 


l 


CIENTIFIC 


srROGRESS. 


The  Telectroscope. 

M.  Benlecq,  of  Ardres,  has  recently  submitted 
to  the  examination  of  M.  Da  Honoel  and  Hal- 
lez  d'Arros  a  plan  of  au  apparatus  intended  to 
reproduce  telegraphically  at  a  distance  the  im- 
ages obtained  in  the  camera  obscura.  This  ap- 
paratus will  be  based  on  the  property  possessed 
by  selenium  of  offering  a  variable  and  very  sen- 
sitive electrical  resistance  according  to  the  dif- 
ferent gradations  of  light.  The  apparatus  will 
consist  of  an  ordinary  camera  obscura,  containing 
at  the  focus  an  unpolished  glass,  ami  any  system 
of  autographic  telegraphic  transmission;  the  trac- 
ing point  of  the  transmitter  intended  to  traverse 
the  surface  of  the  unpolished  glass  will  be 
formed  of  a  small  piece  of  selenium  held  by  two 
springs  acting  as  pincers,  insulated  and  con- 
nected, one  with  a  pile,  the  other  with  the  line. 
The  poin^  of  selenium  will  form  the  circuit.  In 
gliding  over  the  circuit,  more  or  less  lightened 
up,  of  the  unpolished  glass,  this  point  will  com- 
municate, in  different  degrees  and  with  great 
sensitiveness,  the  vibrations  of  the  light.  The 
receiver  will  also  be  a  tracing  point  of  black 
lead  or  pencil  for  drawing  very  finely,  connected 
with  a  very  thin  plate  of  soft  iron,  held  almost 
as  in  the  Bell  telephone,  and  vibrating  before 
an  electro -magnet,  governed  by  the  irregular 
current  emitted  in  the  line.  This  pencil,  sup- 
porting a  sheet  of  paper  so  as  to  receive  the  im- 
pression of  the  image  produced  in  the  camera 
obscura,  will  translate  the  vibrations  of  the  ma- 
tallic  plate  by  a  more  or  less  pronounced  pres- 
sure on  that  sheet  of  paper.  Should  the  selen- 
ium tracing  point  run  over  a  light  surface,  the 
current  will  increase  in  intensity,  the  electro- 
magnet of  the  receiver  will  attract  to  it  with 
greater  force  the  vibrating  plate,  and  the  pencil 
will  exert  less  pressure  on  the  paper.  The  line 
thus  formed  will  be  scarcely,  if  at  all  visible; 
the  contrary  will  be  the  case  if  the  surface  be 
obscure,  for  the  resistance  of  the  current  increas- 
ing, the  attraction  of  the  magnet  will  diminish, 
and  the  pencil,  pressing  more  on  the  paper,  will 
leave  upon  it  a  darker  line.  M.  Senlecq  thinks 
he  will  succeed  in  simplifying  this  apparatus  by 
suppressing  the  electro-n.agnet,  and  collecting 
directly  on  the  paper  by  means  of  a  particular 
composition  the  different  gradations  of  tints  pro- 
portional to  the  intensity  of  the  electric  cur- 
rent.— London  Times. 


Something  Curious  about  Explosives. — 
A  remarkable  accident  happened  not  long  ago 
to  M.  Zede  at  the  Normal  school  in  Paris.  He 
was  studying  the  properties  of  a  composition 
formed  of  equal  parts  of  gun-cotton  and  nitrate 
of  ammonia.  This  was  inflamed  in  a  bronze 
tube  of  six  millimeters  internal  diameter,  and 
expanded  without  detonation.  Thirty  experi- 
ments had  been  made,  and  M.  Zede  then  re- 
duced the  size  of  the  tube  to  five  millimeters. 
When  he  tried  the  experiment  anew  under  these 
conditions  a  frightful  explosion  occurred.  The 
tube  was  shattered  into  60  pieces,  some  of  which 
passed  through  the  roof  of  the  laboratory  and 
penetrated  about  four  centimeters  into  a  brick 
wall.  The  operator  had  one  of  his  legs  broken. 
This  accident  is  engaging  the  attention  of  the 
French  Commission  des  Poudres  et  Salpetres. 
M.  Sainte-Claire  Deville,  in  the  Academy, 
pointed  out  that  the  fact  belonged  to  a  category 
including  already  several  others,  and  he  recalled 
an  observation  by  Prof.  Abel.  About  0. 2  grains 
of  chloride  of  nitrogen  is  placed  in  a  watch-glass, 
and  exploded  with  a  piece  of  phosphorus;  the 
noise  is  tremendous,  but  the  explosion  has  little 
or  no  shattering  effect.  Now  repeat  the  same 
experiment,  after  having  breathed  on  the  chlo- 
ride so  as  to  deposit  a  thin  envelope  of  moisture, 
which  cannot  be  more  than  a  thousandth  of  a 
millimeter  thick.  In  this  case  the  explosion  is 
less  noisy,  but  the  effects  are  quite  different. 
Not  only  is  the  glass  pulverized,  but  the  table 
supporting  it  is  perforated. — Boston  Journal  of 
Chemistry. 

Powders  Solidified  by  Pressure. — A  Bel- 
gian scientific  journal  describes  some  interesting 
experiments  lately  made  by  M.  Spring,  who  has 
subjected  a  number  of  finely-divided  substances 
to  a  pressure  calculated  to  be  equivalent  to  20,- 
000  atmospheres.  Potassium  nitrate  and 
sodium  nitrate  were  generally  converted  into  a 
perfectly  homogeneous  mas3,  which  was  harder 
and  denser  than  the  fused  salt,  and  was  trans- 
lucent like  porcelain.  Sawdust  exhibited  a 
"slatey"  cleavage  and  had  a  density  more  than 
three  times  that  of  the  wood  from  which  it  was 
made.  The  author  points  to  these  experiments 
as  having  established  the  possibility  of  causing 
cohesion  of  solid  bodies  by  the  application  of 
great  pressure,  unmindful  of  the  fact  that  what 
are  called  dusttiles  are  largely  manufactured 
by  this  very  method.  How  far  the  effects  of 
simple  pressure  are  taken  into  consideration  by 
geologists  in  their  study  of  the  solid  layers  of 
the  earth's  crust  is  open  to  question. 

Potassium. — As  a  lecture  experiment  Dr. 
Erckmann,  introduces  a  piece  of  potassium,  of 
the  size  of  a  pea,  into  a  small  test  tube,  heats  to 
fusion,  turns  the  glass  round  and  round  till  the 
metal  congeals,  and  then  seals  up  the  tube. 
The  greater  part  of  the  potassium  is  deposited 
on  the  sides  of  the  tube  as  a  specular  metallic 
coating,  resembling  silver,  and  can  be  exhibited 
during  lectures,  etc.  The  other  alkaline  metals 
may  be  similarly  treated. 


Geological  Changes  in  Progress. 

In  the  Popular  ffefefUM  Monthly  Prof.  J.  S. 
Newberry  told  us  lately  that  various  facts 
indicate  that  the  coast  of  New  Jersey  and  Long 
Island  is  gradually  sinking.  From  the  marshes 
of  New  Jersey  are  taken  the  trunks  of  trees 
which  could  not  have  grown  there  except  when 
it  was  drier  ground,  and  on  the  shore  stumps 
are  Been  now  under  waters  of  trees  which  must 
have  grown  on  land.  So,  too,  the  sea  throws 
up  in  storms  portions  of  turfy  soil,  once  covered 
only  by  the  air,  and  similar  soil  has  been 
reached  below  the  sea  level,  in  pits  dug  through 
drifted  sand  along  its  margin.  The  laud  bound- 
aries have  been  changed  and  farms  diminished, 
even  where  the  wash  of  the  shore  waves  produc- 
ed no  effect.  The  rate  of  this  subsidence  is 
very  slow — only  a  few  inches  in  a  century — and 
it  may  at  any  time  be  arrested  and  reversed;  but 
should  it  continue,  as'itmay,  for  some  thousands 
of  years  it  would  result  in  a  submerging  of  land 
now  valued  at  hundreds  of  millions  of  dollars  and 
a  complete  change  of  position  in  the  seats  of 
commerce  and  industry,  which  must  always 
center  about  this  harbor.  This  possible  catas- 
trophe is,  however,  so  uncertain  and  remote, 
that  it  seems  hardly  sufficient  to  disturb  the 
equanimity  of  at  least  the  present  generation  of 
inhabitants. 

Dr.  Gessner  in  a  late  letter  to  the  London 
Geological  Society,  alluding  to  the  same  class  of 
phenomena,  states  that  in  New  Brunswick,  at 
St.  John's,  the  land  has  been  elevated,  at  the 
Grand  Manan  Island  and  the  Great  Tantamau 
Marsh,  there  has  been  subsidence;  at  Bathurst, 
and  on  the  opposite  coast  of  Lower  Canada,  the 
land  seems  to  be  rising;  in  Nova  Scotia,  near 
the  Bay  of  Fundy  and  Mines  Basin,  there  is 
subsidence;  but,  on  the  southern  side,  there  are 
signs  of  elevation,  the  sea  also  rapidly  en- 
croaches on  Louisberg,  in  Cape  Breton,  and  in 
Prince  Edward  Island,  likewise  submergence  of 
the  land  is  seen  to  be  taking  place  at  Nantucket, 
Martha's  Vineyard,  and  Portland,  submergence 
of  the  land  is  proceeding,  locally,  at  the  rate, 
probably,  of  four  feet  in  00  years. 

New  Instrument  to  Determine  the  Pres- 
ence of  Metals  in  Ores. 

At  a  recent  meeting  of  the  Philadelphia 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  Prof.  George  A. 
Koenig,  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  ex- 
hibited his  recently  invented  "chromometer, " 
an  instrument  designed  for  the  purpose  of  mak- 
ing exquisitely  delicate  determinations  of  the 
presence  of  certain  metals  in  ores.  It  is  based 
upon  the  optical  fact  that  complimentary  cc-lors 
will  extinguish  each  other  if  mingled  in  proper 
proportions;  for  instance,  if  to  a  green  solution  a 
red  solution  be  added,  the  liquid,  if  the  proper 
conditions  be  complied  with,  will  become  color- 
less. The  speaker  had  applied  this  principle  to 
the  colors  which  certain  metals,  as  iron,  manga- 
nese, copper,  etc.,  produce  when  fused  with 
borax,  which  is  the  only  chemical  used  in  this 
method  of  analysis.  He  prepares  such  glasses 
or  beads  containing  known  quantities  of  a  metal 
in  one  hundred  parts,  and  observes  how  thick 
a  glass  of  the  complimentary  color  must  be  to 
produce  extinction.  To  accomplish  this  the 
instrument  is  furnished  with  a  glass  wedge  of  a 
green  or  red  color,  cut  at  an  angle  of  about  one 
degree.  By  moving  this  wedge  before  the  glass 
bead,  with  the  help  of  a  suitable  rack  movement, 
a  scale  moves  at  the  same  time,  and  when  the 
point  of  extinction  of  color  is  arrived  at,  the 
reading  of  the  scale  refers  to  a  table  showing 
the  percentage  of  metal  contained  in  the  ex- 
amined substance.  By  this  method  of  analysis 
a  correct  determination  of  manganese  in  an  iron 
ore  can  be  made  in  15  minutes,  which  is  not 
more  than  one-third  the  time  required  by  the 
usual  methods  of  analysis. 


The  New  Metals. 

Gallium — Lecoq  de  Boisbaudran  and  E.  Jung- 
fleisch  have  published  in  Comptes  Rendus  some 
more  notes  on  their  examination  of  the  proper- 
ties of  this  newly-discovered  and  curious  ele- 
ment. The  metal  crystallizes  in  octahedra  with 
the  summits  of  the  pyramid  cut  off  by  a  plane, 
in  some  cases  truncated  so  as  to  give  the  crystals 
a  tabular  form.  The  metal  is  hard  and  only  to 
a  small  degree  malleable,  although  thin  plates 
may  be  bent  backwards  and  forwards  many 
times  without  breaking.  A  ray  of  light  which  . 
has  been  reflected  several  times  from  bright  sur- 
faces of  the  metal  acquires  a  fine  bluish-green 
color. 

The  New  Metal  Philippium  —  Mr.  W.  G. 
Brown,  of  the  East  Tennessee  University,  writes 
to  the  Chemical  News,  that  while  analyzing 
sipylite,  a  year  or  more  ago,  he  observed,  with 
the  spectroscope,  certain  lines,  one  at  least  of 
which  appears  to  belong  to  the  new  metal  phil- 
ippium, and  indicates  the  presence  of  that  ele- 
ment in  sipylite. 

ARaee  Mineral. — Mr.  Edward  Goldsmith 
exhibited,  at  a  late  meeting  of  the  Philadelphia 
Academy  of  Sciences,  a  specimen  of  asphaltum 
found  16  feet  below  the  surface  in  a  bed  of  cre- 
taceous marl  near  Vincenttown,  N.  J.  In  the 
same  bed  and  within  a  few  feet  of  the  asphaltum 
was  found  a  yellow  mineral  resin  of  the  nature 
of  krantzite  (first  described  by  Bergeman  aB  oc- 
curring at  Nienberg,  Germany),  a  species  of 
amber,  and  containing  small  white  crystals,  be- 
lieved to  be  succinellinite.  This  is  the  first 
time  that  either  of  these  minerals  has  been 
found  in  New  Jersey. 


180 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[March  22,  1879. 


Table  of  Highest  and  Lowest  Sales  in 
S.  F.  Stock  Exchange. 


Name  of 
Company. 


Alpha 

Alta 

Audes 

AlpB 

Argenta 

Atlantic 

Aurora  Tunnel — 

Baltimore  Con 

Belcher 

Belmont 

Beat  &  Belcher 

Bullion 

Bechtel 

Belle  Isle. 

Bodie 

Benton 

Bulwer 

Boyle 

Black  Hawk 

Belvidere 

Booker 

Caledonia 

California 

Challenge 

Chollar-Potosi 

Comanche 

Confidence 

Con  Imperial 

Con  Virginia 

Crown  Point 

Con  Washoe 

Champion 

Sjncordia 
ayton 

DeFrees — 

Daney 

Day 

Eureka  Con 

Exchequer. 

Endowment 

Gen  Thomas 

Grand  Prize 

Gila 

Golden  Chariot 

Golden  Terra 

Goodshaw 

Gould  &  Curry 

Hale  k  Norcross 

Hillside 

Highbridge 

Homestake 

Huasey , 

Independence 

Julia 

'        Justice 

Jackson 

Joe  Scates 

KECod 

Kentuck 

Kossuth 

Keystone 

Lady  Bryan 

Lady  Wash 

Leopard 

Leviathan 

Leeds 

Lee 

May  Belle 

Modoc 

Manhattan 

Martin  White 

McClinton 

Meadow  Valley 

Mexican 

Mides 

Morning  Star 

North  Con  Virginia. 

New  York 

Northern  Belle.... 

New  Coso 

Navajo 

Occidental 

Ophir 

Oriental 

Overman 

Panther .• 

Phenix 

Phil  Sheridan 

Prospect  

Raymond  &  Ely 

Richer 

Bock  Island 

Bye  Patch 

Rough  k  Ready 


50c 
I3j 
174 

2.65 


Seg  Belcher 

Sierra  Nevada 

Silver  Hill 

Silver  King 

Silver  Prize 

uccor 

Summit 

Scorpion 

Solid  Silver 

South  Bodie 

South  Standard. , 

Star 

St.  Louis 

Syndicate 

Tioga  Con 

Tiptop  

Trojan 

Union  Con 

Utah 

Vermont  Con 

Ward 

Wells-Fargo 

Woodville 

White  Cloud 

Yellow  Jacket. . . 


Week  Week 
Hurting  Ending 
Feb.  27.  Mar.  6. 


184  20 
551  5g 

50cl  50c  45c 


6}  "65 
40c'  50c 
20 
til 
S5c 
35c 
63  7 
4.40 
IS 


1.40 
60c 
50c 
» 

3.70 


164 
1.30 

B 


i.  SO   V. 
30c  25c 


«   « 


1.95 
1.70 


i3: 

27 

57 

*h 

10 
Kic 
60c 
3J 
1.70 
60c 
30c 


2.05 
15c 

55c 


224  20 


46 


2! 

65c 

1 

3.20 

6 

3! 
45 


14}  121 

1.15  1 

61  55 

5§  4.40 


45o  25c 
25c   15c 


10 


45c 
111  9, 
1611  Mi. 
1.60  2j 
75c   55c 


20c 

.60  1.35 

5S  4.6( 

4  4 

74  7 


15c  . 
1.90  1 

5J   51 
4.30   4 
7i 


5|  a 


1.65 
1.45 
85c 
50c 
1 


131  HI 


U  1.40 

90c  70c 

50c  25c 
7S 

17  13} 


1.55 
20c 
25c 


Week  [  Week 
Encllnte  Ending 
Mar.  13.  Mar.  20. 


"a 

50c  40c 


2.60  1.20 

35c  

61  51 

5  i 

17  16} 


35c   30c 
28 

51 

5c 


5}  4.55 
30c 


4.60   4} 
30c  25c 


60c  55c 


20c  15c 

1.85  1.70 

5S  51 

4}  4.10 

71  7 


1.30  1.10 

1.20  1.10 

80c  75c 

35c  25c 
70c 


25c 
10c 
.60  11 
7  6j 
80c  60c 


13  101 
50c  25c 
101   9i 


25 
1.60 
50c 
30c 


1}  1.40 
15c 


I3j 


20   16! 


211 
61 
50c 

l!45  1.30 


75c 


41  2} 

75c  50c 

1  80c 

3}  2.70 

6  58 


181   151 
1.60  1.35 


50c   2:-c 
50e   20c 


10c 


35c  30c 
27 

5c  . 


121  101 

IS-'.  16 

24  3ft 

60c  50c 


6J   5} 


1.55  1.20 

1.65  11 

90c  80c 

35c  30c 

60c  50c 


50c  25c 
55c  10c 


411  371 


111  91 
60c  40c 
111  105 


134 
30 
45*. 
1.90 


45c 

1.35 
45c 


2.90  1.70 

SOc  60c 

25c  20c 

77  69 

20  17* 


1.70  1.40 
20c  15c 
25c  .... 


20j  174 


Sales  at  S.  F.  Stock  Exchange. 


Friday  A.  91.,  Mar.  14. 

600  Andes 50c 

130  Alta 51 

20  Alphas 21',i"-i 

220  Beat  &  Belcher 20 

470  Bullion 6j@fij 

1250  Belcher 9J@9§ 

900  Benton 40)4.10 

1670  California 6(351 

1035  Crown  Point 7t,<i  5; 

3565  Con  Imperial...  .1  55:^U 

485  Caledonia 3.10:" 3. 1* 

360  Confidence 16l@18i 

325  Challenge 3 .60©  3  I  15 

275  Chollar 49@50 

2665  'Jon  Virginia S^nti 

1580  Dardanelles 1  \ w  1  3u 

965  Exchequer &:,'<«  53 

425  Flowery 75:.t-3iio 

200  Gould* Curry...  10?'<' 10 ;': 

430  Hale&Nor 17'"17! 

520  Justice 4.30«'-l'. 

155  Julia 52 

630  Kentuck 5J@6 

980  Lady  Bryan 1><1.o0 

125  Lady  Wash 11 

500  Leviathan 35c 

20  Mexican 414 

200  Mackey 3.9U"  '■',  S5 

200  North  Con  Vir....ll«.Tli; 
550  N  Bonanza. ..... .1V-1  -'J'1 

700  New  York 5H"4V 

255  Overman 13,i«]3. 

150  Ophir 35|@35S 

400  Phil  Sheridan 40c 

140  Sierra  Nevada..  ,40>/l'.i: 

560  Savage 13W-14; 

115  S  Potosi 2.10 

720  Silver  Hill 21 

500  Solid  Silver 40@45c 

350  Succor 40c 

150  Scorpion 11 

20  Seg  Belcher 35i«\JG 

1800  Trojan 20c 

80  Utah 18V' 1S.I 

275  Union  Con 77 

300  Welle-Fargo 15c 


415  Ward 1.70 

190  Yellow  Jacket....  2Q|@20i 

AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

2170  Argenta 1.40@1.30 

200  Albion 25O)30c 

1900  Belmont 65@55c 

1185  Bechtel 1.20@H 

115  Bodie .7.6 

350  Belvidere 60@55c 

290  Bulwer 161@16£ 

2115  Black  Hawk 2.90@3 

100  Belle  Isle 35c 

800  Booker 85@80c 

100  Champion .25c 

500  Concordia 25c 

325  C  Pacific 1.90@2 

200  Caledonia  (B  H) 1.90 

300  Dudley 75c 

380  Day 35@30e 

150  Esmeralda 1 

100  Endowment 5c 

450  Goodshaw 45c 

405  Grand  Prize 4i@4  60 

100  Golden  Terra 9 j@10 

250  Hamburg 50c 

50  Hillside 21 

400  Highbridge 60@55c 

270  Independence  ...1.80@13 

190  Jackson 71@7 

690  Leopard 80c 

500  Leeds 60c 

1240  McClinton 75@90c 

50  X  White 65 

765  Mono 2j@2.60 

30  Manhattan lj 

100  Minnietta  Bell 40c 

280  Northern  Belle. ..10J@U 

150  Navajo 30c 

90  Oriental 5c 

390  Paradise lj@1.80 

100  Raymond  &  Ely 6} 

300  Richer 75W80c 

200  Star 60c 

290  Silver  King 81 

950  SBodie 50@65c 

370  Summit 2.40(32.30 

1450  S  Bulwer 90@75c 


530  S  Standard 5c 

175  Tiptop 65c 

1140  Tuscarora f™' 

120  Tioga  Con 1  .    . 

300  University 40c 

Saturday  A.M.,  Mar.  15. 

110  Alpha 21 

230  Alta. 5$<ff5£ 

525  Argenta 1." 

200  Best  k  Belcher    ""' 

1055  Belcher 

400  Bullion 

250  Booker SOc 

5  Bodie 

470  Benton 4.35@4£ 

280  Bulwer 16J@162 

150  Belvidere 50@60c 

3720  Bechtel 2.30@2.4O 

40  Belmont 50c 

1380  Black  Hawk 440H 

100  Con  Esmeralda SOc 

2740  Con  Virginia 55@53 

415  California 5£@5f 

290  Confidence 18@16| 

130  Chollar ..50 

425  Crown  Point Gi^... 

2225  Con  Imperial. .1.5501.60 

200  Concordia 20c 

100  Champion 25c 

670  Challenge 31(3)3.40 

150  Caledonia 3.20 

180  C  Pacific 1.95OJ1.90 

320  Chieftain 15@25c 

480  Dardanelles 11 

300  Dudley 80c 

660  Exchequer 5jO>5g 

10  Eureka  Con 261 

300  Flowery 80c 

400  Gila 30@25c 

490  Gould&Curry...ll3@lll 

10  Grand  Prize 44 

750  Goodshaw 50c 

390  H&Norcross 17J01S 

300  HusBey 15c 

100  Hamburg 50c 

3u0  Highbridge 50@55c 

150  Hi]  I  Ride 21 

50  Independence 1.70 

125  Justice ,...44@4.40 

560  Julia 5!<i2?5g 

150  Jackson 7 

260  Kentuck 6@6i 

300  Leviathan 35@30c 

335  L  Bryan 1.30@1.40 

125  Lady  Wash 11 

120  Leeds 55@60c 

20  Leopard SOc 

405  Mexican 401(5)40! 

250  Mackey 3.90O}3.95 

80  MWhite 7 

50  Manhattan 1.90 

290  Mono 2j(cc3 

450  McClinton l@95c 

1140  New  York 50@55c 

160  N  Con  Virginia.. ll^lU 
405  N  Bonanza. ...1.85@1. 90 

j  260  Northern  Belle..  ..lOgOll 

400  Noonday 2 

230  Ophir 361(5)36 

160  Overman 13i(tfl3g 

1400  Oriental 10c 

530  Phil  Sheridan 35@40c 

300  Paradise 1J@1 .70 

40  Raymond  &E 6* 

455  Savage 14l@14| 

500  Succor 40c 

20  Sierra  Nevada 48 

500  Silver  Hill 2i@2.20 

40  Seg  Belcher 32@33j 

900  Solid  Silver 45c 

100  Star -tec 

110  Scorpion. 1 

100  SPotosi 2.10 

700  S  Bulwer 

100  South  Bodie 85c 

270  Summit 2.40(5)2.30 

400  Tuscarora 5c 

1100  Trojan 25@30c 

100  Tiptop 60c 

465  Tioga 2@2.30 

40  Union  Con 75 

130  Utah If 

600  University 55@60< 

495  Ward 1.65<ffil.60 

360  Yellow  Jacket... 201(^201 

Monday  A.  ill..  Mar.  17. 

260  Alta 5$<a5j 

75  Alpha. 201 

110  Andes ...,Wc 

115  Best  &  Belcher. 

595  Belcher 

730  Bullion 

120  Benton 41 

140  Chollar 51@50j 

175  California 5;. 

430  Con  Virginia 5j@6 

445  Crown  Point 62<Sti/ 

2090  Con  Imperial....  1.45<gl{ 

200  Challenge 3.40 

345  Caledonia 3i@3,  " 

130  Confidence 171@l6 

710  Dardanelles 11(551.20 

225  Exchequer 5i@5j| 

1110  Flowery * 

1340  Gould  &  Curry.   .. 

280  Hale  k  Nor 18«*18; 

130  Justice 4.30 

500  Julia 5J 

25  Kentuck 

1060  Lady  Bryan.. ..1.450)1.55 
750  Leviathan ....... .35@30c 

370  Lady  Wash U@1.60 

380  Mexican 40@394 

270  Mackey 4.05@4 

570  New  York 50@€0c 

260  North  Con  Vir. . .  .HO)10g 

450  N  Bonanza lj@1.95 

185  Ophir 35 

220  Overman 134<S>14 

100  Plutus li@1.60 

1275  Phil  Sheridan 40@35c 

510  Solid  Silver 40@45c 

570  Savage 16(ffl4| 

390  SierraNevada. 47 

385  Silver  Hill 2ft@2.15 

100  Santiago... 2 

300  Succor 45@40c 

25  SegBeleher 30 

50  Scorpion 1 

1350  Trojan 20r 

60  Utah 18-: 

35  Union  Con 74 

790  Ward 1.65O1.60 

660  Yellow  Jacket... 181@l7ft 

AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

300  Albion 30c 

3115  Argenta 1.400)1.45 

210  Belmont 55O)70c 

300  Bodie 61<g6g 

2400  Bechtel " 

1625  Booker 

1670  Belvidere 

_j  Bulwer. 163 

1555  Black  Hawk 3(5)3.10 

600  Champion 50C<*40c 

600  Caledonia  (B  HI 21 

400  Chieftain 15®10c 

1160  Dudley l@lj 

600  Esmeralda 75c 

95  Eureka  Con .27 

150  Endowment 5c 

10  Grand  Prize 41 

200  Gila 30c 

1500  Goodshaw 75c@l;_ 

15  Golden  Terra 9$ 

150  Hussey 20c 

1800  Hamburg 50c 

60  Hillside 21 

600  Highbridge 60c 

510  Independence l£(j»1.85 

460  Jackson 7 

2750  Leopard ; . .  .80c 

300  Leeds 6(X»50c 

150  Mono 2.80(5)2.60 

200  Minnietta  Belle  ..50@55c 

740  McClinton 2J@2.40 

220  Manhattan 

100  Modoc 55o 

290  Northern  Belle 11 

950  Navajo 

225  Noonday 1 .90@U 

640  Oriental 15@10c 


1400  ParadiBe 21@2.40 

80  Raymond  k  Ely. 61 

160  Red  Cloud 1 

1000  Richer 90c@l 

500  Star 60c 

1950  SBulwer 1.05@U 

605  Summit 2J@2.60 

100  Silver  King 81 

1050  S  Standard 15@25c 

1050  SBodie 70c@l 

2100  Tuscarora 10c 

1770  Tioga  Con 2J@2.90 

800  Tiptop 60c 

1200  University 70@75c 

Tuesday  A.  M..  Mar.  IS. 

315  Alta 6i@6S 

150  Alpha 20rif*21 

100  Andes. 50c 

455  Best  &  Belcher. .  .201&201 

1055  Belcher aft@9g 

260  Bullion 61<£6i 

300  Baltimore  Con 1 

830  Benton 43/^5 

95  California of 

90  Caledonia 3.20 

1410  Con  Virginia 5J@6 

1725  Con  Imperial. .1.55i@>l. 60 
240  Chollar. 50(6)49 

1765  Crown  Point 61<§6$ 

145  Confidence 17i(5jl71 

1100  Challenge 31 

600  Dardanelles li@1.35 

250  Exchequer .53 

1325  Flowery 85@90c 

870  Gould  &  Curry. . .  .121(5)12 
545  H&NorcroBB....18H<*lSi 

260  Justice 4i@4.20 

380  Julia ^....53@5S 

285  Kentuck.:...* 6 

1540  Lady  Bryan 1.45(5)11 

230  Lady  Wash....  1.65(31. 60 

450  Leviathan 35@30c 

400  Mexican 40J(g411 

600  Mackey 44(5)4.15 

270  New  York 55c 

425  North  Con  Vir.. .  ..ll@10it 

400  N  Bonanza 2@1.95 

375  Ophir 36@35J 

50  Overman 14 

300  Phil  Sheridan 35c 

150-  S  Potosi"   2ft@2.20 

215  Sierra  Nevada 48 

620  Savage 151@143 

695  Silver  Hill 2@2.05 

1050  Succor 40c 

300  Solid  Silver 40@45c 

160  Scorpion 11 

5  SegBeleher 30 

300  Santiago 2 

3610  Trojan 20c 

170  Utah 20<gl9j 

210  Union  Con 741@75i 

295  Woodville 25c 

600  WeUs-Fargo 20@15c 

320  Ward 1.65@1.70 

150  Yellow  Jacket 181 

AFTERNUUN  SESSIUft. 

895  Argenta. 1.40@1.35 

850  Albion 30(<r40c 

200  AuroraT 75c 

2305  Booker. 90c@l 

605  Bodie 61@6i 

1040  Bechtel 1.80@_1.90 

1550  Belvidere 75(«65c 

35  Bulwer 17 

600  Belmont 55c 

400  Belle  Isle 35c 

1000  Black  Hawk 2.40(5)21 

1800  Champion 30(tr40c 

500  Concordia 50c 

600  CPacific 2@2,15 

1500  Chieftain 15c 

440  Caledonia  (B  H). . .  .2@2ft 

200  Day 30c 

875  Dudley 1 

500  Esmeralda 75c 

55  Eureka  Con 26@25J 

1275  Endowment 5c 

50  Giant  &0  A 5 

200  Goodshaw 60c 

205  Grand  Prize 4.55 

50  Hussey 20c 

200  Hillside 2Kpe3ft 

1860  Hamburg 50c 

550  Highbridge. 60@55c 

60  Jackson 7 

300  Jupiter 11 

720  Leopard SOc 

1000  Leeds 60c 

140  Manhattan 1.90(5)2 

475  May  Belle 50@40c 

50  Minnietta  Bell 50c 

570  Mono 2i@2.60 

1600  McClinton 1J@1.15 

200  Modoc 10c 

225  MWhite 7 

10  Northern  Belle UJ 

400  Navajo 35@40c 

550  Noonday 1  J@H 

3745  Oriental 15(<c25c 

1340  Paradise 2.40(ff21 

150  Raymond*  Ely 6} 

840  Red  Cloud 1 .  69{5>i4 

380  Richer SOc 

300  S  Bodie 60C*50c 

50  Standard 19 

275  Silver  King 81 

705  Summit 21@2.65 

3560  S  Bulwer 90c@l 

3300  South  Standard.. 25(«30c 

900  Tuscarora 10c 

185  Tiptop 65c 

1310  Tioga  Con 1.60@lj 

2150  University 75@60c 

We(TsdayA.M.,Mar.  19. 

350  Andes 50c 

720  Alpha 19i@21 

370  Alta 6ft@61 

215  B&  Belcher 19 

500  Brilliant 75c 

560  Bullion 53Cc05B 

1645  Belcher 8i@8l 

310  Benton 41 

500  Baltimore  Con 1 

80  Chollar 46(5465 

840  Con  Virginia 5fi@5| 

305  California 5| 

975  Crown  Point 61@6 

360  Caledonia 2.80@2j 

4725  Con  Imperial.. 1.45@1. 40 

30  Confidence 16 

340  Challenge 3.40 

700  Dardanelles  . .  .1.30(coi.35 

620  Exchequer ■■_■■!-_,'. 

750  Flowery 75(6}80c 

805  Gould  &  Curry... 101@101 

1015  Hale  &  Nor. 16j@171 

60  Justice 41(34.20 

250  Julia 51@5g 

315  Kentuck 5J 

100  Leviathan 35c 

1000  Lady  Bryan 1.20@U 

45  Lady  Wash 1* 

370  Mexican 38@38j 

330  Mackey 4@4.10 

130  North  Con  Vir...l0@101 

1215  New  York 55@50c 

615  N  Bonanza 13@1.85 

240  Overman 12i@12  j 

565  Ophir 34@331 

700  Phil  Sheridan 30c 

250  Succor 40c 

790  Savage 13K&13E 

320  S  Nevada 4b@46i 

850  Solid  Silver 40c 

275  Silver  Hill' 2@2 .  10 

120  SPotosi 2.20 

200  Santiago 1J 

50  Scorpion 1.3o 

425  Trojan 20c 

60  Utah 18(5>17| 

665  Union 71i@70i 

2730  Wells-Fargo 15c 

300  Ward 1.55(5)1.60 

445  Yellow  Jacket. . .  ,18@18ft 
AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

100  Atlas lie 

380  Argenta 1.30(31.35 

120  Bulwer 163(317 

880  Bechtel 1.90(31.95 

20  Bodie 51 

3@2.95  I 


MINING  SHAREHOLDERS'  DIRECTORY. 


Compiled  every  Thursday  from  Advertisements  in  Mining  and  Scientific  Press  and  other  S.  F.  Journals. 

ASSESSMENTS-STOCKS  ON  THE  LISTS  OF  THE  BOARDS. 

Delixq'nt.    Sale.  Secretary.  Place  of  Bdsinebb 

1  00  Feb  20  Mar  27  Apr  15  W  H  Watson  302  Montgomery  a 

10  Feb  18  Mar  25  Apr  15  Wm  H  Lent  309  Montgomery  st 

I  00  Feb  7  Mar  12  April  1  Jno  Crockett  203  Bush  st 

20  Feb  24  Mar  29  Apr  26  C  V  D  Hubbard  203  Bush  st 

50  Jan  31  Mar  7  Mar  28  W  Wegener  414  California  Bt 

10  Mar  11  Apr  11  May  3  T  E  Atkinson  318  Pine  st 

25  Jan  29  Mar  3  Apr  1  EC  Masten  309  Montgomery  st 

25  Feb  20  Mar  31  Apr  21  R  H  Brown  327  Pine  st 

1  00  Feb  26  Mar  31  Apr  21  Joseph  Gruss  418  California  st 

25  Jan  22  Mar  3  Mar  24  Wm  W  Parish  328  Montgomery  st 

1  00  Mar  11  *  Apr  16  May  7  A  K  Durbrow  309  Montgomery  st 

1  00  Mar  12  Apr  16  May  8  Joel  F  Lightner  309  Montgomery  st 

50  Jan  3  Feb  5  Mar  28  R  H  Brown  327  Pine  st 

25  Mar  6  Apr  12  May  2  F  E  Luty  507  Montgomery  Bt 

1  00  Mar  3  Apr  8  Apr  30  Jno  Crockett  203  Bush  at 

1  50  Dec  14  Jan  21  Mar  22  J  J  Scoville  59  Nevada  Block 

50  Oct  22  Mar  3  Apr  7  HA  Whiting  211  Saneome  Bt 

50  Feb  13  Mar  24  Apr  15  J  W  Pew  310  Pine  st 

20  Feb  4  Mar  12  April  3  R  H  Brown  327  Pine  st 

3  00  Jan  28  .    Mar  5  Mar  26  Geo  D  Edwards  414  California  Bt 

10  Dec  28  Mar  3  Mar  31  J  L  Fields  240  Montgomery  at 

100  Feb  17  Mar  11  Mar  31  E  B  Holmes  309  Montgomeryst 

25  Feb  1  Mar  6  Mar  29  W  H  Redington  111).  Lcidesdorff  Bt 

10  Feb  27  Mar  31  Apr  21  Wm  Stuart  320  Sansome  at 

15  Feb  25  Mar  31  Apr  21  C  A  Sankey  331  Montgomery  st 


Company. 

Alta  S  M  Co 
Becfitel  Con  M  Co 
Belcher  S  M  Co 
Belvidere  M  Co 
Caledonia  S  M  Co 
DeFrees  M  &  M  Co 
Dudley  M  Co 
Endowment  M  Co 
Exchequer  M  Co 
Gila  S  M  Co 
Gould  &  Curry  S  M  Co 
Hale  &  Norcross  S  M  Co 
Leopard  M  Co 
Leviathan  M  Co 
Manhattan  S  M  Co 
Martin  White  M  Co 
McCrackin  Con  M  Co 
Modock  Con  M  Co 
Navajo  M  Co 
Overman  S  M  Co 
Resolute  T  &  M  Co 
Savage  M  Co 
SilverPrizeG&SMCo 
South  Bulwer  G  M  Co 
South  Standard  M  Co 


Location.  No.    Amt.  Levied. 

California  14 
California      1 

Nevada  17 
California      3 

Nevada  26 

Nevada  9 
California      2 

Nevada      3 

Nevada  13 

Nevada     3 

Nevada  35 

Nevada  61 

Nevada     9 

Nevada      8 

Nevada      2 

Nevada     5 

Arizona  2 
California     8 

Nevada      5 

Nevada  43 
California      1 

Nevada  37 

Nevada  4 
California  2 
California      4 


OTHER  OOMPANIES-NOT  ON  THE  LISTS  OP  THE  BOARDS. 


Argent  M  Co 

Aurora  T  &  M  Co 

Booker  Con  G  M  Co 

Con  Dorado  M  Co 

Day  S  M  Co 

Diana  G  &  S  M  Co 

Eagle  SM&M  Co 

Godfrey  Gravel  M  Co 

Hackberry  M  &  M  Co 

Hanover  Con  M  Co 

Howe  S  M  Co 

Jupiter  M  Co 

Mammoth  M  Co 

Mount  Hood  M  Co 

New  York  M  Co 

North  Star  G  M  Co 

Northern  Light  G  &  S  M  Co 

Oriental  Con  G  &  S  M  Co 

Pinal  M  &  M  Co 

Pioneer  Con  M  Co 

Oueen  Bee  M  Co 

Red  Hill  H&WCo 

Richer  M  Co 

S  F  Petroleum  Co 

Slate  Creek  G  M  Co 

Summit  M  Co 

Tiger  M  Co 

University  G  M  Co 

Vancouver  M  Co 

Wide  Awake  Prospecting  &  M 


Name  of  Company. 

^Etna  M  Co 

American  Flag  M  k  M  Co 
Aimand  G  &  S  M  Co 
Atlanta  M  Co 
Buckeye  G  k  S  M  Co 
Kiiuitalile.T&M  Co 
Gold  Deposit  G  &  S  M  Co 
Maryland  Con  G  &  S  M  Co 
Melones  Con  M  Co 
Modock  Con  M  Co 


Nevada  4 

California  3 

California  1 

Nevada  1 

Nevada  3 

Nevada  3 

Nevada  12 

California  4 

Arizona  3 

California  2 

Nevada  1 

California  2 

California  2 

Nevada  2 
Nevada  - 18 

California  1 

California  3 

Calif  oi  nia  2 

Arizona  1 

Nevada  5 

California  2 

California 

California 

California 

California 

California 
Arizona 

California 

Nevada 

Co       Ariz 


30  Jan  21 

20  Feb  24 

15  Jan  29 

50  MarlO 

05  Feb  6 

10  Feb  12 

25  Feb  19 

05  Jan  17 

50  Jan  16 

25  Jan  30 

03  Feb  24 
10  Feb  15 
20  Feb  12 

15  Feb  3 
40  Feb  13 
50  Jan  29 
10  Jan  23 
50  Feb  18 

3  00  Feb  19 

05  Mar  6 

10  Mar  6 

05  Feb  24 

25  Mar  8 

16  Feb  6 
25  Jan  21 
05  Feb  4 
30  Mar  14 
10  Marl 
15  Feb  3 

04  Febl 


Mar  3 
April  1 
Mar  6 
Apr  12 
Mar  15 
Mar  27 
Mar  24 
Feb  20 


Mar  31 
Mar  18 
Mar  19 
Mar  8 
Mar  25 
Mar  5 
Mar  28 
Mar  24 
Apr  5 
Apr  12 
Apr  9 
Mar  31 
Apr  14 
Mar  11 
Mar  3 
Mar  11 
Apr  23 
Apr  5 
Mar  8 
April  1 


Mar  25 
Apr  30 
Mar  26 
Apr  30 
April  8 
Apr  12 
Apr  15 
Apr  7 
Mar  29 
Mar  24 
Apr  21 
Apr  16 
Apr  10 
Mar  28 
Apr  15 
Mar  26 
Apr  15 
April 
May  5 
May  3 
May  5 
Apr  17 
May  5 
Mar  31 
Mar  31 
April  8 
Mar  19 
Apr  26 
Mar  28 
Mayl 


R  H  Brown  327  Pine  st 

C  Van  Dyck  Hubbard        203  Bush  at 
W  H  Lent  309  Montgomery 


J  M  Buffington 
J  W  Pew 
J  T  McGeoghegan 
R  H  Brown 
J  M  Buffington 
N  C  Walton,  Jr 
Wm  A  Andoe 
H  B  Sand 
E  C  Masten 
A  W  Rose 
W  W  Bailsman 
D  L  Thomas 
D  A  Jennings 
S  F  Monroe 
Wm  R  Bentley 
Amos  Roberts 
J  M  Buffington 
ThoB  A  White 
ABTaul 
W  H  Lent 
Wendell  Eastern 
J  L  Fields 
R  N  Van  Brunt 
Wm  H  Lent 
Wm  Letts  Oliver 
W  W  Bausraan 
C  Hildebrandt 


MEETINGS  TO  BE  HELD. 


Location. 
Arizona 

California 

Utah 

California 


California 
California 
California 


Secretary. 
J  S  Benear 
Goo  R  Spinney 
J  L  Fields 
EB  Jago 
C  A  Sankey 
Charles  J  Collins 
J  M  Buffington 
J  T  Gayson 
A  Noel 
JWPew 


Office  in  S.  F. 

420  Montgomery  st 

310  Pine  st 

240  Montgomery  Bt 

420  Montgomery  st 

331  Montgomery  st 

227  Montgomery  st 

309  California  st 

419  California  st 

419  California  st 

310  Pine  st 


California  st 

310  Pine  sfc 

318  Pine  Bt 

327  Pine  st 

309  California  st 

324  Pine  st 

327  Pine  at 

404  Montgomery  st 

309  Montgomery  Bt 

302  Montgomery  at 

409  California  st 

203  Bush  st 

401  California  et 

419  California  st 

327  Pine  st 

214  Sansome  at 

309  California  Bt 

113  Leidesdorff  at 

323  Montgomery  at 

309  Montgomery  at 

22  Montgomery  st 

240  Montgomery  st 

318  Pine  at 

309  Montgomeryst 

328  Montgm'y  Bt 

409  California  at 

232  Sutter  st 


Date 


Annual 
Annual 
Annual 
Annual 
Annual 
Annual 
Annual 
Special 
Annual 
Special 


LATEST  DD7IDENDS-WITHIN    THREE    MONTHS 


Name  cf  Company. 
Bodie  G  M  Co 
California  M  Co 
Excelsior  W  k  M  Co 
Euroka  Con  M  Co 
Standard  GM  Co 


Location.    Secretary. 


California 
Nevada 

California 
Nevada 

California 


W  H  Lent 
C  P  Gordon 
G  P  Thurstou 
W  W  Trnylor 
W  Willis 


Office  in  S.  F. 

327  Pine  st 

23  Nevada  Block 

315  California  st 

37  Nevada  Block 

309  Montgomery  st 


Amount. 

1  00 

1  00 


Mar  24 
Mar  27 

March  27 
April  5 

March  28 
Mar  21 
Mar  31 

March  22 

March  25 
Apr  7 


Payable 

Jan  20 
Jan  16 

Jan  20 
Mar  20 
Mar  12 


1000  Booker 90@-95c  1050 

1515  Belvidere &0c@1.10,  100 

1CC0  Champion 30(«'40c   ""' 

300  Caledonia  (B  H) 2 

450  CPacific 2.20@2.15 

700  Chieftain .15c 

100  DeFrees 10c 

150  Day 35c 

780  Dudley 75c@l 

145  Eureka  Con 243@24 

600  Esmeralda 1 

850  Endowment 5c 

300  Gila 30c 

295  Grand  Prize 4.40@4i   wo 

660  Goodshaw 65(&75c  1000 

50  Golden  Terra 9  1100 

500  Hamburg 50(»55ci  200 

450  Highbridge 60@55c   550 

295  Independence. ..1J@1. 80     45 

500  Ida 1   200 

800  Leopard 85(&90c   135 

400  Leeds 60c   210 

450  McClinton lg@l-30  1020 

100  Manhattan 2  1800 


May  Belle iUaii^c 

M  White 7 

Mono 2{<a2.60 

Northern  Belle 11 

Navajo 40@35c 

Noonday ..11 

Oriental 20(ff25c 

Paradise 2*cr2.40 

Raymonds  Ely. .  .6\(d&l 

Red  Cloud ltcfl.lO 

Richer SOc 

Senator 20@18c 

Santiago 3i 

SUtah 7@9c 

SBodie 4(K^50c 

Summit 2(5)2.40 

S  Standard 25<<*30e 

SBulwer 90(g85c 

Standard 20 

Star 60c 

Trojan 25c 

Tiptop 7(X&80c 

Tioga  Con 1J@1.80 

University 50c 


SALES  OF   LAST  WEEK   AND  THIS  COMPARED 


Tliurs«i'v  A.  II.,  iHur.  13. 

75  Alta 5i 

400  Andes 50@45c 

140  Alpha 19J@19J 

1195  Belcher 

660  Bullion 

28  Benton 3} 

800  Brilliant 75c 

430  California 6@5JS 

460  Con  Virginia 5J 

1715  Crown  Point &i@6 

70  Chollar 45@44$ 

1650  Con  Imperial.. 1.40@1. 35 

330  Confidence 15i@15 

270  Caledonia 3@2.95 

590  Challenge 3J@3.35 

1400  Dardenelles 1}@1.15 

1915  Exchequer 5i@51 

250  Flowery 85@75c 

199  Gould  to  Curry. .  .10|(ffilG3 

150  Hale  &  Nor 16J 

205  Justice 4.20@4.10 

565  Julia 59 

70  Kentuck 5g@5l 

30  Lady  Wash 1.10 

510  Lady  Bryan 1.10 

515  Leviathan 35@30c 

225  Mexican 39} 

150  Mackey 3.85@3.80 

200  New  York 40c 

225  North  Con  Vir. . . .  111@11 

285  N  Bonanza 1.7C 

500  N  Sierra  Nevada 5c 

266  Ophir 35i@343 

250  Overman 12?(5)12S 

100  Phil  Sheridan 35c 

30  SegBeleher 27<£25 

125  SierraNevada....47@46j 

70  Savage 131 

255  Succor 45@40c 

405  Silver  Hill 2.05@1.90 

50  Scorpion li 

400  Solid  Silver 45c 

80  S  Potosi 2.05 

500  Trojan 20c 

60  Union  Con 73' 

70  Utah 18(®17!_ 

200  Wells-Fargo 15c 

200  Ward 1,"""' 

230  Yellow  Jacket. . 


665  Black  Hawk.. 


AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

1325  Argenta 1.35@1.40 

300  Belle  Isle 30c 


Thursday  A.M..  Mar.  30. 

370  Alta 53@5| 

300  Alpha 21@20i 

100  Andes 45@40c 

200  Beet  k  Belcher.  .18A(ccl84 

330  Bullion 5j@5i 

600  Belcher 8g@81 

570  Benton 4J 

270  Caledonia. 2.7U 

1570  Con  Imperial 1.35 

150  Chollar 45 

595  California 5$@'5£ 

450  Challenge 3 

780  Con  Virginia. 5! 

30  Confidence 15$@15* 

800  Crown  Point 5$@5S 

1700  Dardanelles 1 

450  Exchequer 5 

270  Flowery 75c 

1055  Gould  &  Curry...  10£@10i 

630  Hale  &  Nor lt>i@16 

365  Justice 4J@4.10 

775  Julia 5}@5i 

2tH  Kentuck 51 

950  L  Bryan 1.20 

530  Leriathan 35@30c 

610  Mexican .  .38@37i 

200  Mackey 4 

1140  New  York 45@40c 

275  N  Con  Virginia. . .  .10@9Z 

350  N  Bonanza l| 

440  Ophir 34@33J 

165  Overman llj 

400  Phil  Sheridan 30@25c 

255  SierraNevada 454 

525  Savage 13i<?el3S 

310  Scorpion lj@1.20 

370  Silver  Hill 2(5>1.90 

160  Senator. 10c 

960  Succor 40@35c 

500  Solid  Silver. 40c 

130  SPotosi 2.20 

600  Trojan 25@20c 

40  Utah 18 

395  Union  Con 70J@69 

500  Wells-Fargo 15c 

920  Ward 1.45@1.40 

765  Yellow  Jacket...  17i@17i 
afternoon  session. 

830  Argenta 1.15@1.30 

100  Albion 40e 

2055  Belvidere 1.4501. 70 

210  Bodie 6i@61 

165  Bulwer 16J017 

205  Black  Hawk 3j@3J 

1180  Bechtel 1.60@1.9O 

150  Belle  Isle 35c 

100  Booker 90c 

400  Chieftain 15c 

230  CPacific 2.15@21 


Bulwer I6i@16J 

Bodie 5j@ti 

Buchtel 1.30(&1.40 

Belmont 75(«85c 

Hidvid^re 50(«i;0c 

Black  Hawk... 2. r; 

Booker 80("75c 

CPacific 1J(«1.9U 

Caledonia  (B  H) 1.90 

Defiance 90c 

Dudley 75c 

Eureka  Con 26*0)26 

Goodshaw 50c 

Grand  Prize 4 

Giant  kOA 4j@5 

Gila 30c 

Hamburg 50@60c 

Highbridge 60c 

Independence. 1.70 

Jackson 7J 

Leopard 85c 

Leeds 70c 

Martin  White 6f 

Mono 2.4<Kt2. 

Manhattan 1J@1 

McClinton 70<«75e 

Northern  Belle...  10£@11 

Orimtal 5c 

Paradise 1.60 

Richer. 70(rt75c 

Raymond  k  Ely 6," 

Silver  King 8:. 

SBulwer S0(«90c 

SBodie 25<«35c 

Star 50(tf55< 

Summit 2.40 

Tuscarora 5@10c 

Tioga  Con 13 

Tiptop 65c 


1500  Champion 35@40c 

300  Concordia 20c 

200  DeFrees 5c 

3200  Day 30(<V35e 

93(1  Dudley 50(g80c 

445  Eureka  Con 22 

1000  Endowment 5c 

175  Grand  Prize 44. 

1050  Gila 25@30c 

390  Goodshaw 70@75c 

150  Hamburg 60c 

100  HusBey. 25c 

;50  Highbridge 50@55c 

50  Independence 1.70 

600  Ida 5e@l 

300  .lackBon 5i 

50  Jupiter I 

760  Leopard 90@95c 

405  Mono 2J&2.15 

200  Manhattan 1.90 

870  Minnietta  Bell 10* 

300  McClinton 1.30W1.40 

130  Northern  Belle 104 

350  Navajo 40(cb35c 

250  Noonday lOlJ 

905  Oriental. 10@5o  ' 

300  ParadiBe 2.35 

500  Raymond  &  Ely  . .  .6JOj61 

690  Red  Cloud 95c@l 

300  Richer 7uc 

1690  Summit 2JO2.40 

Star 60@50o 

2550  SBodie 40W50c 

1000  South  Standard. ,25(?'30c 

980  SBulwer 90c'*l 

505  Tiptop 1@1.I0 

530  Tioga  Con 2.15«?2 

200  Tuscarora 5c  . 

1475  University 50c 


Pacific  Board— Latest  Sales. 


Wert'sday  A.M..  Mar.  1ft. 

30  Alpha 21@2U 

100  Alta 6, 

315  Belcher 8£@8j 

70  Bullion 5A.@5| 

165  Best  &  Belcher. ..I9i@19[ 

350  Con  Virginia 5£@6 

1950  Con  Imperial.... U@l. 45 

150  Crown  Point 6i 

100  Caledonia % 

160  California 5.8U(«5j 

70  Challenge 3.40 

10  Chollar 47 

120  Exchequer 5g 

90  Goulds  Curry.... 10S@11 

25  Hale&Nor 170171 

200  Justice 4.20 

270  Julia 5g@54 

80  Mexican 39@39j 

95  Ophir 34 

65  Overman 12* 

80  Savage 14@13j 

15  Sierra  Nevada 46 

100  Silver  Hill 2.05 

30  Utaf 184@18J 

30  Union  Con 71 

110  Yellow  Jacket 184 

A  FTEP.NOON  SESSION. 

160  Andes 45c 

200  Belcher 8.60O81 

60  Bullion 5.80<f?5$ 


40  Benton 41 

20  Bodie 6 

10  Bests.  Belcher I8J 

20  Caledonia 2.85 

120  Con  Imperial 1.45 

35  Con  Virginia 5f@5J 

30  Crown  Point 5J 

150  Chieftain 15c 

50  Eureka  Con 25 

600  Endowment 5c 

5U  Exchequer 51 

105  Gould i  Curry...  10i@10fi 
50  Goodshaw 75c 

130  Geo  Douglae 30c 

10  Halefc  Nor 

90  Julia i 

100  Justice 

50  L  Bryan 

150  Lady  Wash 

75  Mackey 4 

30  Mexican 38J@38*. 

HO  New  York 50c 

200  Paradise 2J 

120  Phil  Sheridan 30c 

200  S  Utah He 

20  Savage 131 

50  Silver  Hill 2.05 

50  Summit 2.40 

80  Ward 1-60 

700  WeUs-Fargo I5c 

10  Yellow  Jacket 17? 


California  Board— Latest  Sales. 


ITcd'sdny  A.M.,  Mar.  19. 

30  Alpha 20 

20  Alta 6i 

100  AndeB 50c 

30  Best  &  Belcher 1 '-' 

30  Belcher 81 


40  Bullion 5* 

40  California j>j 

40  Con  Virginia .-58 

200  Con  Imperial I. jo 

40  Crown  Point 61 

130  Caledonia 3 


March  22,  1879.I 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


181 


40  Cbollar 46 

30  Challenge 3.30, 

100  Cru;sii4 25c 

i'j  Kxchettuer &i 

ISO  Fevorite 73i@70c 

1MJ  Fairfax ....70c 

3u  OooldtCurrj __ 

55  Hale  &  Norcrou.l6^»16i 

JJO  Jmtioe 41(^4.20 

45  Julia 

.     20  Lady  Bryan ] 

40  Mexican 3S. 

100  Monumental 2c 

50  New  York 50c 

300  North  Carwu 17i 

100  N  Scorpion 74c 

30  Opuir 35 

700  8  Utah 

&0  Savage 

]ft  aiUcr  Hill ....2 

20  Sierra  Nerada 46 

150  S  Europa 

300  Trojan Skirt  I  c 

1600  Twin  Peak* 4«rte 

3300  U  Flag H<(2c 

30  Uniou 711 

22U  Wiu  Peon 6c 

ai  fallow  Jacket 18 

AFTERNOON  Hti>loN. 

40  Alpha 22 

60  Alta 6i<£6i 


100  Atlanta. 3c 

400  Aluiadeo  Q 90fi*75c 

30  Amenta 1.3S 

120  Black  Hawk 2.9B 

30  Bullion 

30  Bo«t  &  Belcher IS 

IB  Belcher 81 

40  Caledonia 3 

100  Concordia 15c 

■  -    10  Don 5c 

40  Con  Virginia 54 

40  Crown  Point fU 

300  Con  Imperial.. ..1   M  tfi 

40  California 51 

30  ChoUar 40 

100  BnterpriM 1 

mj  Exchequer 51 

60  Gould  *  Curry..  .lWitfltt 

30  HaleANor 161 

170  Julia 5i<g5] 

40  JuBtice 4} 

40  Mexican 38J^33i 

30  North  Cod  Vir 10) 

40  Ophlr 34 

60  Raymond  &.  Ely til W»5 ' 

30  Savage 13| 

20  Sierra  Nevada 46 

50  Scorpion li 

120  Tlgor 1.10 

150  Wales U 

30  Yellow  Jacket....  17WP17I 


INING     SUMMARY. 


The  following  it  mostly  condensed  from  journals  pub- 
lishcdin  the  interior,  in  proximity  to  the  minee  mentioned. 


Mining  Share  Market 

We  have  had  a  comparatively  strong,  firm 
week  in  stocks,  but  toward  the  close  there  was 
a  Blight  falling  off  in  the  prices.  The  live  open- 
ing of  the  week  was  sudden  and  unexpected, 
for  up  to  that  date  the  market  had  been  apa- 
thetic and  insipid. 

The  feature  of  the  market  was  the  move  in 
Belcher,  which  relieved  the  monotony  of  opera- 
tions in  Virginia  shares,  advancing  nearly  a 
dollar.  This  advance  was  kept  firm  till  the 
latter  part  of  the  week,  when  it  slightly  shaded 
off  in  sympathy  with  other  stocks.  There  has 
also  been  some  excitement  in  Bodie  mines,  the 
Blackhawk,  Bechtel  and  McClinton  receiving 
the  most  attention.  The  rise  was  too  unhealthy 
to  be  lasting,  however,  and  on  Wednesday 
they  took  a  tumble  and  are  rapidly  seeking  the 
figures  from  which  they  were  so  suddenly 
called.  The  distrust  and  uncertainty  concern- 
ing the  Sutro  compromise,  has  had  a  tendency 
to  weaken  prices  somewhat,  though  the  news  of 
the  late  definite  settlement  has  produced  a  better 
feeling  in  the  market.  The  mines  all  over  the 
State  are  peculiarly  active,  the  late  rains  mak- 
ing water  plentiful  and  work  possible  both  for 
quartz  and  placer  claims. 

Silver-Plated  Amalgamated  Plates. 

The  following  letter  from  a  well-known  man- 
ufacturer of  silver-plated  amalgamating  plates 
for  miners'  use  will  be  of  interest,  explaining 
as  it  does  the  action  of  these  plates  : 

Hilton  Kelly,  Esq.,  Boise  City,  Idaho: — Dear 
Sir:  In  a  recent  copy  of  your  paper  I  noticed 
an  article  stating  that  ordinary  copper  plates 
would  prove  as  serviceable  in  saving  gold  as  the 
silver-plated  plates.  Such  has  not  been  the  re- 
sult either  on  Snake  river  or  in  placer  or  quartz 
mining  in  California,  as  I  am  constantly  receiv- 
ing orders  for  silver-plated  plates  to  replace  the 
copper  plates. 

The  combination  of  metals,  silver,  copper 
and  quicksilver,  creates  a  chemical  and  electric 
action,  causing  a  greater  attraction  for  gold 
than  copper  and  quicksilver  alone  combined. 

The  proper  test,  and  it  has  been  tried,  is  to 
have  one  sluice  lined  wiih  copper  and  another 
with  silver-plated  plates,  of  the  same  surface. 
The  result  has  always  proved  vastly  in  favor  of 
silver-plated  plates.  The  copper  plates  will,  in 
time,  absorb  considerable  gold,  but  it  only  ac- 
cumulates in  spots,  and  very  unevenly,  leaving 
some  parts  of  the  copper  bare.  Upon  the  parts 
not  covered  with  gold  verdigris  forms,  causing 
a  great  deal  of  labor  and  trouble. 

The  advantage  of  silver-plated  plates  is  that 
gold  can  be  saved  immediately,  giving  miners 
the  benefit  of  all  the  gold  deposited  in  the 
amalgam,  while  with  copper  plates  it  is  ab- 
sorbed in  the  copper,  and  can  only  be  made 
available  by  smelting  or  going  through  chemical 
process. 

If  parties  contemplating  mining  on  Snake 
river  will  supply  themselves  with  a  good  qual- 
ity of  silver-plated  plates,  protect  them  well 
from  boulders  and  gravel  by  screens,  and  be 
careful  in  removing  the  amalgam,  they  will 
have  no  cause  to  regret  the  investment.  Miners 
in  the  Snake  river  country  should  be  careful  to 
avoid  purchasing  inferior  qualities  of  plates,  as 
several  parties  have  had  their  plates  replated  at 
my  establishment. 

Full  particulars  regarding  price  and  working 
of  these  plates  freely  furnished  to  any  one  on 
application.     Yours,  truly, 

E.  G.  Denniston. 

San  Francisco,  March  9th,  1879. 

Bullion  Shipments. 

Since  our  last  issue,  we  have  noticed  the  fol- 
lowing bullion  shipments: 

Hillside,  March  13th,  $4,840;  Tybo  Con., 
March  10th,  $8,030.38;  Star,  March  16th,  $14,- 
400;  Christy,  March  17th,  $5,208;  Standard, 
March  15th,  $18,794.99;  Martin  White,  March 
16th,  $8,314;  Bulwer,  March  16th,  $16,606.08; 
Northern  Belle,  March  15th,  $9,710.03. 

By  the  fall  of  a  gallery  in  Gilmore's  Garden, 
at  New  York,  many  persons  were  injured  and  a 
frightful  panic  ensued. 

Complete  success  has  attended  the  French 
Ministry's  opposition  to  the  De  Broglie-Roche- 
bonet  impeachment. 


CALIFORNIA. 
AMADOR. 

Items  moii  Obiu  Ledger,  Mar,  16:  With  plenty  ol 
water  mining  industry  around  Flddletown  has  token  a  de- 
cided start    B,  H.  Clarke's  cement  claim  I*  running  to 

the  full  capacity  of    the    ki-»laiup    mill    to   di*]>o»c    ..|    Die 

k'old-b.Mriii-  earth.  From  12  to  Ifl  men  an  employed  con- 
stantly. Tfie  American  Plat  Grave)  Companjr'e  claims  are 
m  full  blast.  The  oleu  Gold  mining  company  la  the 
name  ol  1  corporation  lately  formed  to  operate  "near  Fid- 
dletowu.  It  is  to  prospect  for  gold-bearing  quartz  east  of 
town.     Surveyors  were  Set  to  work  111  the  earlv   part  0! 

the  week  to  para  the  way  (or  a  thorough  exploration. 

Miscellaneous.— Mr.  D&kin  baa  commenced  mining 
Operations  at  Butte  mountain.  He  has  plenty  of  capital 
behind  bim  to  explore  the  center  of  the  elevation.  The 
plan  of  operations  is  to  run  u  tunnel  from  the  side  of  tho 
mountain.  A  clean-up  was  made  at  the  Talisman  mine, 
near  Amador  City,  lately.  It  paid  well.  Tile  prospects 
of  the  company  are  more  encouraging  than  they  have  been 
at  any  time  since  Its  incorporation. 

Mnnxo,— The  Illinois  quartz  mine,  two  miles  north  of 
Plymouth,  owned  by  Qeorge  Bowden  &  Co.,  looks  as  if  it 
had  ail  thu  requisites  of  a  good  mine.  The  shaft  Is  down 
12  or  15  ft,  with  a  well-defined  ledge  six  ft  in  width,  and 
line  gouge  on  the  foot  wall.  Some  of  the  rock  has  pros- 
pected as  high  as  from  Ave  to  ten  cents  to  tho  pan.  Tile 
discovery  of  this  claim  has  (riven  quite  an  impetus  to  pros- 
pecting. Quartz  claims  are  beiiiff  located  all  around,  and 
the  general  opinion  is  that  the  excitement  will  lead  to  the 
opening  up  of  some  permanent  mines.  The  Hercules 
shaft  has  been  deepened  from  25  to  30  ft  since  they  com- 
menced sinking-.  Some  trouble  is  experienced  with  the 
water,  especially  since  the  late  heavy  rains.  At  the  Pha> 
nix  things  are  moving  along  at  the  uBual  gait.  Timbers 
arc  getting  scarce  in  the  yard,  but  a  large  number  are  ex- 
pected to  be  floated  down  shortly.  Report  says  the  rock 
in  the  mine  is  as  rich  as  ever.  Miners  are  busy  filling  up 
the  slopes  with  waste  dirt  to  prevent  caves. 

CALAVERAS. 

Gravel  Mixes.— C/ironicfc,  Mar.  15:  At  the  Duryea 
mine,  hydraulicing  is  being  prosecuted  with  vigor.  Work 
is  now  being  prosecuted  in  tho  extreme  northern  end  of 
the  claim,  a  new  tunnel  having  been  run  for  the  flume, 
and  the  necessary  ground  Bluices  cut.  The  Duryea  hy- 
draulic has  a  pressure  of  250  ft,  uses  from  300  to  500  inches 
of  water,  sports  a  three-ft  flume,  and  goes  it  on  a  big  scale 
generally.  With  the  superior  facilities  for  working,  an 
immense  amount  of  gravel  is  daily  put  through  the  Hume. 
The  Happy  Valley  Blue  Gravel  and  Hydraulic  mining  com- 
pany's claim  on  Sport  hill  is  being  worked  as  fast  as  pos- 
sible; 600  inches  of  water  are  used  underaheavy  pressure. 
A  three-ft  flume  conveys  away  the  debris  and  it  is  filled  to 
its  utmost  capacity  all  the  time.  A  water-power  derrick 
is  to  be  put  up  in  the  mine  immediately,  the  quantity  of 
cement  encountered  rendering  it  indispensable!  No 
clean-up  has  yet  been  made,  active  operations  having  been 
in  progress  but  a  short  time.  George  Emerson,  the  well- 
known  hydraulicist,  is  Superintendent  of  the  mine.  Work 
is  in  progress  on  the  tunnel  of  the  Happy  Valley  Blue 
Gravel  and  Hydraulic  mining  company;  a  bore  that  is  to 
extend  2,200  ft  through  solid  bedrock.  It  is  already  in 
100  ft  and  expanding  as  fast  as  muscle  and  powder  can 
make  it.  The  rock  is  getting  quite  hard— a  blackish  kind 
of  slate.  Mr.  W.  H.  Curnow,  a  practical  miner,  in  super- 
intending the  tunnel  proceedings.  There  is  talk  of  put- 
ting a  diamond  drill,  to  be  run  by  compressed  air,  into  the 
tunnel.  The  Maison  de  Sante  hydraulic,  W.  W.  Cook, 
proprietor,  is  being  steadily  worked,  a  large  force  of  hands 
being  employed.  The  gravel  looks  first-rate.  No  clean- 
up has  been  made  this  season. 

MARIPOSA. 

Ferguson  Notes.— Cor.  Gazette,  Mar.  15:  The  pros- 
pects of  the  Ferguson  mine  are  growing  brighter  every 
day.  They  make  regular  clean-ups,  and  have  commenced 
to  run  the  north  drift  at  the  second  station.  The  ledge  is 
two  ft  wide,  and  shows  well  in  free  gold  and  sulphurets. 
The  stopes  all  look  well,  with  an  abundance  of  gold  in 
sight.  The  company  is  going  to  add  10  more  stamps  soon, 
which  will  be  20  in  all,  build  a  water-wheel,  erect  a  com- 
pressor, and  prepare  to  Bink  the  No.  2  shaft.  At  the 
mouth  of  the  tunnel  the  rock  is  coarse  but  pays  from  §75 
to  S100  per  ton.  This  rock  comes  from  the  bottom  stopes, 
where  there  is  an  abundance  of  this  rich  ore.  The  Virgin 
Hill  Co.  Is  pushing  its  work,  and  when  the  tunnel  strikes 
the  ledge  and  connects  with  the  shaft,  they  will  commence 
taking  out  rich  rock.  The  Cranberry  is  a  good  mine,  and 
carries  with  it  a  well-defined  ledge  seven  feet  wide.  It 
pays  310  per  ton. 

MONO- 

Bkciitei,.-  News,  Mar.  16:  On  the  400  level,  2S0  ft 
south  from  shaft,  after  leaving  the  old  Bechtel  ore  body, 
the  porphyry  horse,  which  has  been  a  nightmare  during 
the  past  winter  was  passed  through,  and  a  development 
made  in  a  fine  body  of  ore  which  averages  two  ft  in 
width.  The  new  strike  has  been  prospected  a  distance  of 
50  ft  south,  and  shows  the  same  width  the  entire  distance. 
The  foot,  wall  of  the  Bechtel  ia  found  pitching  east  at  an 
angle  of  about  55°,  the  strike  of  the  vein  being  a  little 
east  of  south.  The  developments  made  show  an  entirely 
new  and  hitherto  unprospected  chute  of  ore,  as  the,levels 
above  and  below  have  never  reached  the  distance  now  at- 
tained south.  The  ore  now  being  extracted  differs  from 
that  formerly  found  in  the  Bechtel  workings  in  the  fact 
that  it  is  free  from  manganese  and  the  glassy,  hard  quartz 
found  elsewhere.  Assays  from  the  new  find  taken  across 
the  face  show  from  §00  to  S75  as  an  average. 

Tioga.—  Excavating  for  520  Btation.  East  crosscut  on 
420  level  is  now  in  125  ft,  with  no  important  change  to 
note.  From  north  drift  on  320  level  the  east  crosscut  is 
in  50  ft,  and  the  ledge  looks  promising  in  the  extreme, 
being  two  and  a  half  ft  in  with.  West  drift  on  Bame  level" 
is  in  240  ft  with  no  material  change  to  mention. 

Standard.— North  drift  from  main  shaft  to  connect 
with  incline  is  in  43  ft.  The  ledge  in  two  and  a  half  ft 
wide  and  looks  well.  The  south  drift  is  in  26S  It;  progress 
during  the  week  12  ft.  The  ledge  is  three  ft  wide,  with 
good  average  ore.  The  ledge  in  the  upraise  in  this  drift 
is  four  ft  wide  and  is  looking  very  well.  North  drift  from 
east  crosscut,  300  level,  is  in  125  ft,  snowing  a  ledge  18 
inches  wide  of  good  ore.  North  drift  on  West  Standard 
is  in  128  feet.  The  ledge  is  t.wo  ft  wide  of  very  fine  ore. 
A  winze  has  been  started  on  the  West  Standard  ledge,  200 
ft  from  the  south  line.  This  winze  is  down  10  ft,  showing 
a  ledge  18  inches  wide  of  very  rich  ore.  The  drift  on  the 
Cook  ledge  is  in  200  feet  from  the  south  line;  the  ledge  is 
two  ft  wide  and  of  good  average  ore.  The  stopes  all  look- 
ing well. 

Black  Hawk.— On  the  220  level  the  south  drift  is  now 
20  ft  in  length  and  the  north  drift  15.  The  ledge  on  both 
faces  looked  quite  as  strong  as  at  any  point  since  the 
ledge  was  struck.  At  320  level  a  station  has  been  cut  and 
a  crosscut  west  has  been  commenced,  and  a  distance  of  70 
ft  will  have  to  be  run  to  demonstrate  the  existence  of 
those  ledges  which  have  already  created  so  much  excite- 
ment.    New  buildings  are  beinE1  erected  over  the  shaft. 

Summit.— Drifts  being  advanced  on  the  ledge  both  north 
and  south  in  the  incline  shaft,  and  pushing  said  shaft 
down  to  connect  with  the  450  level  in  the  Standard,  at 
which  point  the  Summit  ledge  lias  been  cut. 

Mono. — Crosscutting  on  the  460  level.  The  east  cross- 
cut is  in  18  ft,  and  the  west  12  ft.  The  ground  in  face  of 
east  crosscut  is  broken.  Work  has  been  resumed  on  the 
260  level,  and  a  crosscut  east  has  been  run  180  ft.  The 
flow  of  water  remains  unchanged,  about  40,000  gallons 
being  hoisted  every  24  hours. 

MONTEREY- 

Carmelo  Coal  Mine.— Castroville  Argus,  Mar.  14: 
There  Is  great  activity  at  the  mine  itself  and  in  the  con- 
struction of  the  railroad  between  the  mine  and  Strader's 


landing.  Alu.ut  96  Chinaman  are  employed  in  grading 
the  road  and  probably  -r'1"'  white  DUO  in  the  mine,  at  the 
BnW-mjlJ  and  in  building  trestle  work  for  the  railroad.  A 
store  has  been  opened  at  the  lauding  with  the  view  of 
supplying  thfl  wants  of  the  people  at  and  near  the  mine 
■  the  Battlers  in  that  region  a*  weir  The  nan,-  is 
oooudered  a  very  valuable  property,  the  coal  being  of 
(rood,  marketable  quality  and  found  in  quantity  sufficient 

to  fully  justify  the  extensive  Outlay  involved  in  the  con- 
struction of  the  four-mile  railway,  erection  of  the  saw-mill, 
etc.  The  railroad  will  be  completed  this  spring,  so  that  it 
will  not  bo  long  before  frequent  and  regular  UUpments  of 
coal  will  be  made  from  Strader's  landing. 
NEVADA. 

Notes.— Foothill  Tidings,  Mar.  15:  The  depth  of  the 
Watt  shaft  is  417  ft.  A  tunnel  has  been  run  east  a  dis- 
tance ol  1,315  ft,  and  a  western  drift  commenced  which  has 
progressed  50  ft;  from  the  eastern  drift  are  winzes  Nos.  1 
2  and  3  ul  various  points.  The  Scaddeii  Flat  works  have 
bad  all  they  could  conveniently  do  in  pumping,  and  hoist- 
ing was  for  a  time  suspended.  The  contractors  on  the 
new  shaft  of  the  Washington  mine  are  making  rapid  prog- 
ress; 2,120  shares  more  of  the  working  stock  have  been 


ng  l 

offered  for  sale  ut  25  cents  per  Bhare,  payable  in  four  in 
stallments.  At  King's  hill  the  Incline  shaft  is  sunk  250  ft 
and  a  drift  run  south  106  ft.  The  ledjre  is  from  8  to  18 
inches  m  thickness,  and  gives  good  paying  quartz.  The 
last  crushing  of  rock  was  35  loads,  which  yielded  $05  per 
load  without  including  sulphurets.  There"  are  now  about 
30  loads  on  the  dump.  The  ledge  in  Rocky  Bar  is  4  to  10 
Inches,  and  uniformly  good.  Several  companies  of  tribu- 
tes, in  all  16  to  20  men,  are  working  through  the  south 
shaft.  Three  different  lots  of  tribute  rock  recently 
crushed,  paying  respectively  $58.50,  $34,  and  $22  per  load. 
In  addition  to  the  tributers,  the  company  has  30  under- 
ground men  employed.  Chief  of  the  Hill,  south  end  of 
Unborn  hill;  the  shaft  and  incline  down  91  ft;  the  bottom 
in  hard  blasting  ground,  with  a  handsome  ledge  of  from  8 
to  10  Inches  in  width.  Copper  ore  is  now  being  extracted 
from  the  160  level  of  the  big  copper  mine  at  Spenceville, 
and  appears  to  be  inexhaustible  in  quantity,  as  no  walls  to 
the  vein  have  yet  been  discovered.  In  the  Pittsburg  the 
600  north  drift  haa  been  run  a  distance  of  10  ft.  The  lode 
in  the  latter  drift  presents  well,  and  is  yielding  good  ore. 
The  800  north  drift  has  been  run  six  ft  during  the  past 
week;  this  drift  is  also  yielding  good  ore.  All  the  Btopes 
are  producing  welL  The  mill  is  running  up  to  itB  capacity 
on  company  ore. 

PLACER. 

Mining  Items,— Cor.  Democrat,  Mar.  15:  Work  is  still 
being  carried  on  at  the  German  mine,  with  even  better 
success  than  expected.  Capt.  Staples  has  a  force  of  men 
on  the  North  Springfield  lead,  known  as  the  Old  Miner. 
A  clean-up  was  made  at  the  Tingman  last  week,  which 
amounted  to  something  less  than  $2,000.  On  Big  Canyon 
there  is  quite  a  force  of  men  at  work  on  the  Lucky  Bald- 
win mine.  It  is  paying  a  good  percentage  over  expenses. 
The  Pocahontas,  at  Logtown,  has  not  been  doing-  much  of 
late,  but  they  have  concluded  to  begin  sinking  in  the  shaft 
again.  The  sinking  is  to  be  sub-let  to  contractors,  flfe 
big  spur  wheel  at  the  South  Shaft  hoisting  works  of  the 
Springfield  was  broken  by  the  pump  on  the  lower  level, 
and  on  account  of  the  delay  occasioned,  so  much  ore  has 
not  been  hoisted  as  common,  as  an  extra  water  bucket 
was  put  on  in  place  of  the  ore  bucket,  but  the  pump  is  in 
running  order  again,  and  no  more  trouble  is  anticipated. 

SIERRA. 

Forest  City  Notes,— Cor.  Messenger,  Mar.  15:  The  air 
shaft  of  the  North  Fork  company  has  caved  in  for  over  50 
ft,  and  until  it  is  repaired  all  labor  must  necessarily  be 
suspended  in  the  tunnels  and  breasts,  which  is  rather  un- 
fortunate at  the  present  encouraging  stage  of  affairs. 
On  March  11th  the  Bald  Mountain  Extension  tunnel,  Wat- 
son Bayles,  contractor,  was  in  460  ft,  who  is  now  blasting 
talcose  slate  or  serpentine  rock  with  from  three  to  four 
pounds  of  Giant  powder  per  day.  Average  speed  at  pres- 
ent, five  ft  with  two  shifts  of  two  men  each.  Good  air  is 
brought  into  the  tunnel  with  a  water  blast  through  an 
iron  pipe,  which  will  soon  be  connected  with  air  boxes 
further  underground.  Thickest  stratum  of  rock,  12  ft;  in 
all  as  run  only  50  ft  has  been  pierced. 

TRINITY. 

BuLLvenoOP  &  Occidental  Co.— Journal,  Mar.  15:  At  a 
meeting  of  the  above  company,  held  in  Weaverville,  21  of 
the  28  shares  in  the  mines  were  represented.  From  re- 
port it  appears  that  the  tunnel  is  now  in  a  distance  of  160 
ft.  A  contract  waB  given  to  John  B.  Siegfried  to  drive  it 
125  ft  further  at  $0  per  ft,  the  company  furnishing  pow- 
der, tools  and  light.  The  tunnel  is  five  ft  in  width  and  six 
ft  high.  It  is  expected  that  one  or  more  of  the  several 
lodes  embraced  in  the  company's  location  will  be  struck 
by  the  tunnel  within  the  125  ft  additional  contracted  for. 
After  this  is  completed,  325  ft  more  of  tunnel  will  be  nec- 
essary to  reach  the  Occidental,  which  is  considered  the 
main  lode.  An  assessment  of  $80  to  each  l-28th  interest 
was  levied,  payable  on  the  first  Monday  in  May.  This 
amount,  when  collected,  will  pay  all  the  company's 
indebtedness  to  that  date  and  leave  a  balance  in  the  treas- 
ury with  which  to  do  more  work.  It  was  also  decided  at 
the  meeting  to  take  active  measures  to  collect  whatever 
assessments  are  delinquent  at  the  earliest  possible  date. 
Since  our  last  report  125  tonB  of  rock  have  been  run 
through  the  arastra,  from  the  Bullychoop  lode,  yielding  at 
the  rate  of  $16  per  ton. 

NEVADA. 
WASHOE  DISTRICT. 

Gould  &  Curry.— Gold  Hill  Nvws,  Mar.  20:  The  Joint 
Best  &  Belcher  east  drift,  1700  level,  iB  reaching  toward 
the  perpendicular  of  the  Osbiston  shaft.  The  retinibering 
of  the  shaft  was  completed  to-day.  Sinking  at  the  Osbis- 
ton shaft  has  been  stopped  for  the  present  on  account  of 
water.  It  has  attained  a  depth  of  616  ft.  Since  work 
was  stopped,  the  water  has  raised  to  the  440  level,  where 
it  remains  stationary.  The  drain  tunnel  is  in  75  ft  and 
has  still  300  ft  to  run  to  reach  the  shaft. 

Belcher. — The  main  incline  has  reached  a  depth  of 
2,650  ft.  The  south  drift,  2560  level,  is  being  extended 
six  ft  per  day,  and  haa  its  face  now  285  ft  from  the  incline. 
Work  in  the  south  drift,  2360  level,  has  been  resumed, 
and  it  is  being  pushed  toward  the  south  line. 

Bullion.— Work  in  the  crosscut,  1840  level,  haB  been 
suspended  temporarily  to  put  the  pipe  for  the  new  com- 
pressor .into  the  shaft.  Repairs  to  the  shaft  have  also 
been  discontinued.  Foundations  for  the  compressor  are 
being  laid. 

Overman.— The  drift  north  on  the  1600  level  shows  no 
change  of  formation.  It  is  skirting  the  vein,  sometimes 
cutting  into  the  black  dyke  and  sometimes  running  en- 
tirely out  of  it.     The  winze  from  this  level  is  down  125  ft. 

Cos.  Virginia.— The  repairs  to  the  shaft, below  the  1400 
level  are  progressing  well.  The  main  drifts  connecting 
with  the  C  &  C  shaft  on  the  1500  and  1600  levels  are  still 
being  repaired.  The  joint  Best  &  Belcher  crosscut  on  the 
1950  level  has  been  stopped.  The  joint  California  winze 
has  been  sunk  and  timbered  to  the  depth  of  78  ft.  The 
joint  north  drift  from  the  west  drift,  2150  level,  is  now  in 
86  ft.     The  average  yield  of  ore  per  clay  is  about  245  tons. 

California.— The  repairs  to  the  Con.  Virginia  shaft  are 
being  pushed  to  an  early  completion.  The  joint  Consoli- 
dated winze  from  the  1950  level  is  being  sunk  at  the  rate 
of  two  ft  per  day  in  hard  blasting  rock,  and  has  attained  a 
depth  of  78  ft.  The  joint  north  drift  from  the  west  drift, 
2150  level,  is  averaging  four  ft  per  day.  Sinking  at  the  C 
&  0  shaft  is  now  making  three  ft  per  day  in  hard  rock. 

Justice.— Crosscuts  Nos.  5,  6  and  7,  west,  on  the  1300 
level,  are  still  progressing  in  favorable  vein  matter.  The 
usual  repairs  are  being  made  to  the  incline  and  drifts. 
The  surface  shaft,  south,  near  the  Waller  Defeat  shaft  is 
yielding  20  tons  of  very  fair  ore  per  day.  A  small  donkey 
engine  is  to  be  placed  there  which  will  do  away  with  the 
windlass  and  extract  the  ore  at  a  coat  of  $1.50  per  ton. 

Ophir.— The  main  shaft  is  receiving  needed  attention 
above  the  1465  level.  The  joint  Mexican  upraise  from  the 
2100  level  to  connect  with  the  2000  north  drift  is  still 
passing  through  hard  blasting  porphyry,  and  averaging 
three  ft  per  day.  The  incline  is  now  130  ft,  on  the  slope, 
below  the  2200  level.  The  stopes  on  the  1&00  and  2000 
levels  continue  their  average  yield  of  high-grade  ore. 


Sierra  Nevada. - 


_  By  the  connections  in  the  drifts  on 
he  2200  level,  connecting  the  incline  and  the  east  shaft 
nd  between  the  1700  level  and  the  North  Con.  Virginia 
shaft,  the  ventilation  of  the  whole  mine  is  much  im- 
proved. The  incline  is  in  cap  rock  still  showing  lively 
veins  of  quartz  which  yield  low  assays. 

Julia  Con.— The  2000  level  has  not  yet  been  freed  from 
water.  The  pumps  are  running  regularly,  raising  water 
to  the  surface,  The  pipe  connecting  with  the  Sutro  tun- 
nel is  not  large  enough  for  required  use.  Operations  have 
been  resumed  in  tho  winze  from  the  1500  level  and  are 
Disking  better  headway  than  usual. 

Leviathan. —  The  face  of  the  south  lateral  drift  on  the 
760  level  haw  run  into  favorable  ground,  consisting  of 
Quarts  with  streaks  and  spots  of  low  jrrade  ore.  Good 
stringers  of  ore  continue  to  cross  the  north  lateral  drift 
on  the  same  level. 

North  Bonanza  and  Flowrrt.— Lateral  drifts  have 
been  started  on  the  300  level  north  iu  North  Bonanza 
ground  and  south  into  Flowery.  These  are  making  excel- 
lent headway  and  skirting  the  ore  vein.  No  change  has 
been  encountered  in  the  north  drift  from  the  200  station. 
Utah.— Sinking  the  incline  is  making  4,'ood  progress 
The  two  water  tanks  in  the  incline  have  been  completed 
ready  for  use.  The  compressor  has  been  overhauled,  and 
all  the  machinery  is  in  good  condition. 

Solid  Silver.— The  main  tunnel  has  passed  entirely 
through  the  caved  ground  at  the  north  end.  It  is  well 
secured,  substantially  timbered,  and  sufficiently  widened 
to  admit  of  a  side-track  for  ore  extraction  when  required, 
SUTBO  Tunnel.— The  compromise  with  the  mines  has 
been  effected.  A  very  large  force  of  men— reported  to  be 
1,200,  in  three  shifts  of  400  each— will  be  now  immediately 
put  to  work  on  the  sub-drain. 

Hale  &.  Norceoss.  —The  winze  from  the  2000  east  drift 
has  reached  the  Savage  2100  level.  The  pumps  are  hold- 
ing the  water  below  the  2000  level,  and  running  steadily. 
Mexican.— The  joint  Union  Con,  winze,  from  the  1000 
level,  Is  averaging  two  ft  per  day  in  hard  birdseye  por- 
phyry. It  is  being  sunk  on  the  slope;  it  iB  in  290  ft  on 
the  incline.  The  main  north  drift  on  the  2000  level  is  ap- 
proaching the  Union  Con.  line  at  the  rate  of  six  ft  per  day, 
in  a  fine  soft  vein  formation  showing  considerable  quartz 
The  johit  upraise  from  the  north  drift  2100  to  reach  the 
2000  level  is  averaging  three  ft  per  day  in  hard,  blasting 
porphyry. 

Union  Con.— The  flow  of  water  from  the  1600  level  east 
drift  has  decreased  to  two  miners'  inches.  The  joint  Mex- 
ican winze,  1600  level,  is  increasing  its  depth  two  ft  daily, 
and  is  down  290  ft  on  the  incline.  The  Mexican  north 
drift  on  the  2000  level,  ia  making  six  ft  per  day  through 
soft  vein  matter,  showing  some  fine  quartz. 

Chollar-Combination  Shaft.—  The  air  compressor  will 
he  in  position  soon.  The  pumps  are  discharging  about 
TOO.000  gallons  of  water  daily  into  the  Sutro  Tunnel. 

Yellow  Jacket.— The  eight-inch  pipe  for  the  com- 
pressor is  in  place.  At  the  the  old  shaft  the  work  of  tak- 
ing out  the  pump  column  is  still  going  on. 

Lady  Bryan.—  Work  on  the  330  level  and  north  on  the 
600  level  has  been  stopped  for  the  present.  The  south 
drift  on  the  600  level  is  progressing  as  usual  in  fine-look- 
ing quartz. 

Alta.— The  north  drift  on  tho  1550  level,  continued  as 
usual  along  the  vein.  The  joint  Benton  double  winze  is 
150  ft  below  the  1650  level  on  the  slope. 

Silvir  Hill. — The  main  incline  continued  on  down  as 
usual.  The  crosscut  east  from  the  1100  level  iB  making 
five  ft  per  day  in  a  soft  formation  of  clay,  quartz  and  por- 
phyry. There  has  been  a  slight  increase  of  water  of 
late,  but  not  enough  to  interfere  with  work. 

Best  &  Belchrr.—  Joint  Gould  &.  Curry  crosscut  No.  1, 
1900  level,  is  cutting  hard  porphyry  and  is  in  83  ft.  West 
joint  Consolidated  crosscut  No.  3, 1900  level,  is  in  164  ft, 
and  has  been  stopped  as  useless  for  fear  of  tapping 
water. 

BELMONT  D1STRIOT. 

Belmont.— Courier,  Mar.  15:  AH  work  at  the  mine  has 
progressed  satisfactorily  with  good  results  during  the 
week;  have  advanced  the  south  raise  20  ft  in  ore  assaying 
from  $100  to  $300  per  ton,  which  is  the  best  evidence  that 
can  be  had  of  a  good  body  of  ore  in  this  part  of  the  mine. 
Will  have  about  25  ft  more  to  run  to  make  a  connection. 
The  vein  matter  in  300  level  drift  is  soft  which  will  enable 
the  workmen  to  get  along  fastar.  The  stopes  are  without 
change,  and  are  yielding  the  usual  amount  of  rich  ore. 
Number  of  tons  extracted  for  the  week,  17;  average  assay, 
$113. 

Hiqhdridqe. —Have  advanced  the  lower  north  drift  36 
ft ;  the  face  looks  very  favorable  for  ore.  As  work  ad- 
vances south  toward  the  Belmont,  indications  are  that 
there  will  be  a  larger  body  of  ore  in  this  part  o.  the  mine 
than  was  anticipated.  The  stopes  in  the  upper  workings 
continue  looking  well  and  furnish  the  usual  quantity  of 
ore.  At  present  there  is  in  the  dumps  and  ore  houses 
500  tons  of  ore  ready  for  the  mill.  Everything  in  con- 
nection with  the  mill  running  as  well  as  usual. 

Gila.—  The  crosscut  from  200  level  has  been  driven  19 
ft,  and  the  crosscut  from  winze,  23  ft,  making  the  length 
of  the  former  391  ft,  and  the  latter  64  ft.  No  ore  of  any 
value  has  yet  been  found  in  either  of  these  openings,  but 
the  indications  in  both  are  good  for  soon  striking  a  body 
of  ore.  The  stope  in  the  south  drift  has  improved  very 
much.  It  has  increased  in  length  from  45  ft  of  the  dis- 
tance exposed  in  the  south  drift  when  running  it  to  75  ft, 
and  no  doubt  will  be  as  long  again  and  very  probably 
longer.  The  average  width  of  the  vein  for  the  entire 
length  of  the  stope  is  about  three  ft,  part  of  which,  a 
streak  on  the  footwall  of  about  12  inches,  is  very  rich, 
assaying  from  $300  to  $700  per  ton.  The  entire  vein  will 
average  fully  $100  per  ton. 

DANVILLE  DISTRICT. 

Notks. — Courier,  Mar.  15:  Good  progress  is  being 
made  in  developing  the  Boston  and  Richmond  mines. 
The  veins  are  very  much  broken  and  carry  free  milling 
ore  of  a  high  grade.  In  the  Sagehen  and  Trippell  mines 
the  prospects  of  striking  good  ore  are  very  flattering. 
Very  little  work  has  as  yet  been  done  on  the  locations 
south  of  the  canyon,  but  the  indications  are  favorable  for 
finding  a  paying  ledge.  The  Danville  company  and  St. 
Louis  company  are  now  trying  to  perfect  the  necessary 
arrangements  for  running  a  joint  tunnel  1,200  ft  or  1,800 
ft  in  Mineral  hill,  at  which  distance  they  expect  to  tap 
the  main  ledge  at  a  depth  of  450  ft  below  the  surface. 

EUREKA  DISTRICT. 

The  Richmond.— Sentinel,  Mar.  15:  The  recent  devel- 
opment in  the  Richmond  hardly  deserves  to  be  character- 
ized as  a  new  And.  It  is  more  in  the  nature  of  an  exten- 
sion of  an  ore  body  hitherto  known  to  exist.  It  occurs 
between  the  fourth  and  fifth  levels,  and  seems  to  extend 
toward  the  surface.  The  development  is  important  in 
this,  that  it  was  not  altogether  expected  that  ore  in  quan- 
tity would  be  met  with  in  this  particular  quarter.  The 
whole  mine  is  looking  quite  as  well  as  at  any  time  in  the 
past. 

The  Hamburg*. — The  intermediate  drift  has  advanced  22 
ft,  and  is  now  within  23  ft  of  the  upraise  from  the  end  of 
the  south  drift  of  the  450  level.  The  vein  of  ore  followed 
shows  some  little  improvement.  The  east  crosscut  of  the 
459  level  has  been  continued  13  ft,  making  a  total  of  36  ft. 
The  face  is  in  vein  matter,  with  bunches  of  low  grade  ore. 
In  the  600  level  the  west  crosscut  has  been  advanced  10 
ft,  making  a  total  of  179  ft  from  the  main  south  drift. 
There  is  no  material  change  to  note.  The  south  drift  has 
been  advanced  nine  ft,  making  a  total  from  the  west  cross- 
cut of  116  ft,  with  the  face  in  unusually  hard  rock.  The 
winze  was  sunk  17  ft,  making  a  depth  of  86  ft  below  the 
600  level.     The  bottom  is  in  very  favorable  vein  matter. 

The  Jackson.— The  following  work  has  been  done: 
Main  south  drift  (crosscut)  has  been  run  11  ft;  total,  36  ft. 
Southeast  drift  has  been  advanced  11  ft,  making  90  ft  from 
the  ore  chute.  Fourth  level  drift  has  been  run  25  ft;  total, 
31  ft.  The  ore  chamber  continues  to  look  well,  especially 
the  east  drift,  which  is  now  in  60  ft.  Intermediate  drift, 
30  ft  below  the  ore  chamber,  also  shows  good  ore.  Will 
probably  make  connection  with  the  ore  chamber  during 
the  week  and  afford  better  ventilation.  Everything  in 
and  about  the  mine  is  running  smoothly. 


[Continued  on  Pag©  188. ) 


182 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS 


[March  22,  1879. 


The  Mining  Debris  Question. 

Full  Text  of  Judge  Keyser'a  Decision. 

In  the  District  Court  of  the  10th  Judicial  District,  of 
the  county  of  Sutter. 

James  H.  Keyes  plaintiff,  vs.  Little  York  Gold- Washing 
and  Water  Company  (limited)  et  al.,  defendant. 

Findings  of  fact  and  conclusion  of  law: 

The  above  cause  came  on  regularly  for  trial  at  the  June 
term,  1878,  of  this  court.  The  plaintiff  appeared  by 
George  Cadwalader,  P.  Van  Cliof  and  J.  H.  Craddock  as 
his  attorneys,  and  the  defendants  appeared  by  S.  M.  Wil- 
son, W.  C.  Belcher,  A.  B.  Dibble  and  James  R.  Byrne  as 
their  attorneys. 

And  on  the  26th  day  of  July,  1878,  the  court  proceeded 
to  hear  the  testimonj'  offered  on  behalf  of  the  plaintiff  and 
defendants,  the  hearing  of  which  occupied  until  and  in- 
cluding the  9th  day  of  August,  1878. 

On  the  17th  day  of  February,  18/9,  the  cause  was 
argued  by  the  respective  attorneys  and  submitted  to  the 
court  fordecision,  and  nowthecourthavingdulyconsidered 
the  said  above  evidence  and  the  arguments  of  counsel 
and  deliberated  .thereupon,  now  files  its  findings  of  fact 
and  conclusions  of  law  as  follows: 

Findings  of  Fact. 

I.  The  plaintiff  is  the  owner  and  in  the  possession  of 
1,069  acres  of  laud  situated  in  Sutter  county,  State  of 
California,  in  township  B  (13)  north,  range  14  east,  Mount 
Diablo  base  and  meridian,  lying  upon  and  along  the 
southerly  bank  of  Bear  river  and  about  10  miles  below 
where  that  river  leaves  its  canyon  and  enters  the  valley 
and  about  the  same  distance  from  the  mouth  of  said 
river. 

The  whole  of  said  land  originally  belonged  to  the  United 
States,  and  the  United  States  title  in  the  different  parcela 
became  vested  in  the  plaintiff  at  various  times,  as  follows: 
June  13th,  1866,  being  lots  1  and  3  of  section  (11)  11;  June 
15th,  1806,  being  the  northwest  quarter  of  section  13,  the 
S.  E.  one-fourth  of  the  S.  E.  one-fourth  of  section  11,  and 
south  half  of  the  southwest  quarter,  and  the  northeast 
quarter  of  the  southwest  quarter  of  section  12,  and  the 
northeast  quarter  and  southeast  quarter  ot  section  14. 

On  the  10th  day  of  September,  1806,  the  S.  W.  quarter 
of  section  13;  June  1st,  1872,  lots  3,  4  and  5,  of  section  12; 
June  1st,  1874,  the  west  half  of  the  west  half  of  section  14. 

December  11,  1875,  those  parcels  aggregated  1,069  acres. 
The  title  to  the  following  parcels  of  the  foregoing  lands 
was  conveyed  by  the  United  States  to  the  grantors  of  the 
plaintiff  at  the  following  periods  of  time,  viz. :  April  30, 
1802,  the  NE.  -}  of  the  SW.  J,  and  the  S.  £  of  SW.  I  of 
section  12;  the  E.  i  of  section  14;  the  SE.  \  of  the  SV.  } 
of  section  11;  containing  479  55-100  acres.  January  4, 
I860,  the  NW.  £  of  section  13,  containing  160  acres.  June 
1,  1872,  theSW.  £  of  section  12,  containing  09  39-100  acres. 
September  6,  IS72,  the  W.  £  of  W.  £  of  section  14,  contain- 
ing 164  26-100  acres. 

Upon  these  lands  between  1862  and  1371  the  plaintiff, 
placed  lasting  and  valuable  improvements,  costing  more 
than  $10,000,  and  consisting  of  a  large  dwelling  house, 
two  barns,  outhouses,  orchard  and  a  number  of  miles  of 
fence,  and  the  like,  all  of  which  improvements  were  on 
said  land  of  the  plaintiff  at  the  time  of  its  overflow  with 
mining  debris  or  tailings  in  the  year  1875  and  1876,  here- 
inafter described. 

The  said  lands  of  plaintiff  in  their  original  condition 
were  highly  productive  alluvial  lands,  adapted  to  the 
raising  of  wheat,  corn  and  all  the  valuable  agricultural 
products  of  the  State. 

That  on  the  15th  day  of  January,  1875,  400  acres  of 
plaintiff's  lands  were  overflowed  with  the  tailings  or  debris 
from  the  defendants'  mines  to  a  depth  varying  from  three 
inches  to  three  feet,  and  in  March,  1876,  from  the  same 
cause  substantially,  the  same  part  of  plaintiff's  lands  was 
again  covered  with  another  deposit  of  mining  debris  from 
defendants'  mines. 

The  lands  so  overflowed  are  bounded  by  a  line  com- 
mencing at  the  center  of  section  13,  and  theuce  running 
north  to  the  northeast  corner  of  the  NW.  i  of  the  section; 
thence  running  nearly  northwest  across  the  SE.  J  of  the 
SW.  \  of  section  12,  and  continuing  on  a  westerly  course 
to  old  Bear  river,  and  following  it  to  the  north  line  of  sec- 
tion 14,  at  the  center  thereof;  thence  south  on  the  center 
line  of  section  14  to  the  south  line  thereof;  thence  east  to 
southeast  corner  of  section  14;  and  thence  to  the  center 
of  section  13  to  the  point  of  beginning. 

The  dwelling  house,  outhouses  and  barns  of  the  plain- 
tiff were  situated  on  the  NW.  J  of  section  13,  and  also 
part  of  plaintiff's  orchard. 

The  mining  debris  referred  to  consists  of  fine  and  coarse 
sand,  small  stone  and  sticky  compound,  composed  of  clay 
and  sand,  called  slickens. 

The  effect  of  such  overflows  and  deposits  were  to  render 
the  land  overflowed  and  unproductive  and  incapable  of 
any  kind  of  cultivation  during  the  year  of  the  overflow 
and  the  year  succeeding,  and  to  permanently  injure  and 
largely  impair  the  value  of  the  land  so  overflowed,  and  to 
largely  reduce  its  producing  capacity,  and  to  make  it 
necessary  for  plaintiff  to  raise  his  dwelling  house  and  out- 
houses and  barns,  which  were  situated  on  said  overflowed 
lands,  so  as  to  make  them  habitable  and  fit  for  use,  to 
likewise  raise  his  fences  and  to  expend  large  sums  of 
money  in  repairing  old  and  constructing  new  levees  in 
and  about  which  and  for  the  production  of  his  said  lands, 
he  has  expended  over  §20,000. 

That  the  deposits  of  the  mining  debris  on  plaintiff's 
land  in  1875  and  1876  were  an  obstruction  to  the  free  use  of 
that  property  and  interfered  with  its  use  and  enjoyments 
and  very  largely  impaired  its  value  in  the  market  as  well 
its  producing  capacity. 

That  these  deposits  of  mining  debris  upon  plaintiff's 
laud  in  January,  1875,  and  March,  1876,  were  part  of  the 
mining  tailings  deposited  by  the  defendants  in  Bear  river 
and  its  tributaries,  and  which  by  the  waters  of  that  stream 
and  the  water  used  by  the  defendants  in  their  mining  op- 
erations had  been  swept  down  Bear  river  upon  the  lands  of 
the  plaintiff. 

That  a  continuance  by  defendants  of  their  manner  of 
using  the  bed  of  Bear  river  and  its  tributaries  as  a  place 
for  the  deposit  of  their  mining  tailings  will  prevent  the 
cultivation  and  utterly  destroy  all  of  plaintiff's  land  and 
render  it  unfit  for  agricultural  uses  or  as  a  place  of  hab- 
itation. 

That  the  defendants  during  the  time  they  work  their 
mines  render  the  water  of  Bear  river,  opposite  plaintiff's 
land,  totally  unfit  for  domestic  or  animal  use  or  for  the 
purpose  of  irrigation. 

II.  The  defendants  are  the  owners  of  mining  claims, 
which,  three  years  before  the  commencement  of  this  suit, 
and  ever  since  they  have  worked  by  what  is  called  the 
hydraulic  process  of  mining. 

These  mining  claims  are  situated  at  an  elevation  of  3  000 
feet  or  thereabouts,  above  the  level  of  the  sea;  about  60 
miles  from  plaintiff's  lands,  and  upon  the  hilltops  adja- 
cent to  Bear  river  and  its  tributaries,  and  all  lie  within  a 
radius  of  seven  miles.  These  mining  claims  in  the  aggre- 
gate, include  several  thousand  acres;  one  above  contain- 
ing 1,110  acres;  the  average  depth  to  which  these  claims 
mined  exceeds  50  feet;  the  upper  part  of  these  claims  con- 
sists of  free  surface  earth,  the  greater  part  of  which  was 
washed  away  into  Bear  river  prior  to  1862. 

This  earth  is  but  slightly  charged  with  gold,  and  does 
not  pay  for  washing;  below  it  is  the  channel  of  an  old  and 
extinct  river-  having  a  course  at  nearly  right  angles  with 
the  present  rivers  on  the  western  slope  of  the  Sierra 
Nevada. 

Among  the  earth,  stones  and  gravel,  of  this  old  river 
bed  is  found  gold  in  greater  quantities  than  in  the  super- 
incumbent earth. 

The  mining  claims  of  defendants  are  worked  by  means 
of  immense  blasts  of  powder  to  loosen  or  shatter  the 
earthy  matter,  enormous  heads  of  water  to  sweep  the 
loosened  matter  into  ditches,  flumes  and  tail  races  set  a 
heavy  grade  through  which,  at  a  great  velocity,  the  earth, 
stones  and  water  rush— the  gold  therein  being  separated 
from  the  earth  by  the  action  of  the  water  and  caught  by 
means  of  pavements  of  stonep  and  blocks  of  wood,  set  in 

the  bottom  of  the  ditches,  flumes,  tail  races  aforesaid,  and 

the  refuse  matter  known   as  tailings,  and  consisting  of  |  Washing  and  Water  Co!,   (limited)  and  the  Cedar  Creek 
muddy  water,  sand,  clay,  coarse  gravel,  rounded  quartz,  I  Gold  Mines  and  Water  Co.,  (limited)  and  the  Bird's-Eye 


pebble  and  cobble  stones,  are  deposited  at  the  dump  of 
these  mining  claims  which  are  either  in  the  bed  of  Bear 
river  or  its  tributaries,  or  in  the  beds  of  the  steep  ravines 
and  gulches  immediately  contiguous  to  and  leading  into 
the  bed  of  Bear  river  or  its  tributaries. 

Unequal  deposits  are  made  from  the  several  mining 
claims  of  defendants,  depending  upon  the  quantity  and 
pressure  of  the  water  used  by  them,  and  the  hardness  or 
softness  of  the  material  at  the  time  being  worked. 

These  claims  are  worked  from  five  to  six  months  in  the 
year;  starting  up  about  the  1st  of  January  and  continuing 
as  long  as  the  water  lasts. 

The  deposits  of  the  tailings  from  the  mining  claims  of 
the  defendants  and  at  their  dumps  during  the  three  years 
next  preceding  the  commencement  of  this  suit,  was  near- 
ly 20,000,000  of  cubic  yards  of  tailings,  and  the  annual 
deposit  has  beeu  in  that  ratio,  and  is  rapidly  and  annually 
increasing. 

The  mining  claims  of  defendants  are  now  only  worked 
out  to  one-quarter  their  extent. 

The  number  of  men  who  -receive  employment  from  the 
mining  claims  of  defendants  is  between  400  and  500. 

The  mines  of  defendants  are  the  only  ones  shown  by 
the  testimony  to  have  been  in  operation  at  the  head  of  Bear 
river  at  the  commencement  of  this  suit,  or  during  the 
three  years  before  the  commencement  of  this  suit. 

Bear  river  is  a  living  stream,  heading  in  or  near  the 
summit  of  the  Sierra  Nevada  mountains,  and  pursues 
through  deep  defiles  a  westerly  course  until  it  touches 
the  eastern  margin  of  the  Sacramento  valley  at  a  place 
called,  "Camp  Far  West,"  where  it  debouches  into  that 
valley  and  crosses  it  on  really  the  same  course  in  a  valley 
of  its  own,  and  empties  into  Feather  river,  at  the  town  of 
Nieolaus,  in  Sutter  county. 

The  altitude  of  Bear  river  valley  at  plaintiff's  farm  is 
about  70  (70)  feet  above  the  sea  level.  Its  lands  were 
originally  agricultural  lands  of  the  first  class,  through 
which  Bear  river  ran;  is  a  well  defined  channel  between 
high  banks.  The  water  thereof  was  clear  in  summer,  and 
sufficiently  pure  at  all  seasons  of  the  year  for  domestic  or 
animal  uses,  or  for  purposes  of  irrigation. 

The  grade  of  Bear  river  and  its  tributaries  from  the 
dumps  of  defendants'  miningclaims  to  where  it  debouches 
into  the  Sacramento  river  is  not  less  than  60  feet  per 
mile,  and  where  it  runs  through  that  valley,  less  than  10 
feet  per  mile.  The  tailings  deposited  from  the  mining 
claims  of  defendants  with  the  exceptions  of  the  heaviest 
cobble,  sand  and  other  heavier  stones,  are  swept  by  the 
force  of  the  water  in  Bear  river  and  its  tributaries,  and 
the  water  used  by  defendants  in  their  mining  operations 
down  into  Bear  river  proper,  whence  they  become  inter- 
mixed and  by  the  same  forces  are  swept  down  and  through 
the  defiles  or  canyons  of  Bear  river,  except  the  cobbles 
and  other  heavier  stones,  to  the  place  where  said  river 
debouches  into  the  Sacramento  valley. 

That  from  the  mouth  of  the  canyon  to  the  mouth  of 
Bear  river  the  grade  of  this  stream  is  much  reduced;  that 
a  large  part  of  the  slickings,  sand  and  small  stones  from 
the  defendants  mines  instead  of  passing  through  the 
ikchannel  of  that  river  into  Feather  river,  choked  and  filled 
pts  channel  and  overflowed  its  banks  and  adjacent  lands 
with  mining  debris  and  caused  it  to  form  new  channels  in 
the  valley  which  in  time  were  closed  and  filled  up  with 
mining  debris  and  new  channels  were  thereupon  formed 
at  random  in  the  valley,andfromsuch  causes  a  number  of 
thousands  of  acres  of  rich  and  valuable  agricultural  land 
in  Bear  river  valley  have  been  covered  to  a  depth  varying 
from  18  inches  to  15  feet  with  this  mining  debris  consists 
ing  of  sand,  stone  and  slickings  to  the  substantial  ruiu  of 
such  land 

The  water  when  first  used  by  defendants  mines  is  clear, 
but  in  being  used  for  hydraulic  mining,  gains  in  solution, 
about  five  per  cent,  of  its  volume  in  earthy  matter,  and 
carries  that  percentage  currently  with  the  current  dmvn 
Bear  river  as  far  as  plaintiff's  lands.  Water  taken  from 
Bear  river  opposite  plaintiff's  lands  in  January,  1875,  con- 
tained nearlj  30%  of  earthy  matter.  The  travel  of  the 
heavier  sand  not  held  in  solution  by  water,  is  about  eight 
miles  per  day,  while  cobble  stones  from  defendants'  mines 
are  forced  by  the  water  down  Bear  river,  but  at  a  slow 
rate.  That  since  1S73  there  has  been  a  sensible  and  steady 
increase  in  the  quantity  of  mining  debris  or  tailings 
coming  down  Bear  river  into  the  valley  from  the  mines 
of  defendants,  and  this  increase  will  steadily  continue  for 
years  to  come. 

The  deposits  of  mining  debris  at  the  head  of  the 
river  have  increased  the  grade,  the  bed  of  the  stream,  and 
smothered  its  bottom,  and  a  smaller  quantity  of  water 
brings  down  a  greater  amount  of  mining  tailings  than  be- 
fore such  changes  in  bed  of  the  stream  occurred,  that  at 
least  40,000  acres  of  valuable  and  productive  agricultural 
land  in  the  valley  of  Bear  river  and  the  Sacramento 
proper  eventually  will  be  covered  to  the  depth  of  several 
feet  with  mining  tailings  from  the  mines  of  defendants, 
and  he  rendered  unproductive  and  uninhabitable  if  de- 
fendants continue  to  use  the  head  of  Bear  river  and  its 
tributaries  as  a  place  of  dep'osit  for  their  mining  tailings. 

That  within  a  short  time  after  the  hydraulic  mines  at 
the  head  of  Bear  river  stop  work,  the  water  of  Bear  river 
becomes  comparatively  clear  and  fit  for  use,  even  after 
the  early  freshets  of  the  winter,  but  before  the  hy- 
draulic mines  resume  their  operations. 

That  the  mining  operations  at  the  head  of  Bear  river 
before  the  year  1862  did  no  damage  to  the  lands  in  the 
valley  of  Bear  river,  nor  did  they  impair  the  quality  of  the 
water  in  that  river  so  as  to  render  it  unfit  for  either  of 
the  uses  known  as  domestic,  animal  or  irrigating,  and 
that  to  that  time  said  lands  and  said  water  were  not  im- 
paired or  impured. 

That  the  first  damage  to  lands  in  the  valley  of  Bear 
river  from  the  mining  debris  occurred  in  the  year  1862, 
wliich  was  a  year  noted  for  its  extraordinary  freshets. 

During  this  year  there  was  a  heavy  deposit  of  mining 
debris  on  about  200  acres  of  plaintiff's  land,  being  the 
N.  A  of  NE.  J  of  SW.  i  of  section  12;  also,  20  or  30  acres 
in  the  NW.  \  of  SW.  £  of  the  same  section;  lots  3,  4  and 
5,  being  the  fractional  portions  of  section  12;  also  some 
lands  in  fractional  portions  of  section  11. 

These  are  different  lands  from  those  overflowed  with 
mining  debris  in  January,  1875,  and  March,  1876.  No 
farther  injury  of  consequence  occurred  to  plaintiff's  land 
from  mining  debris  until  January,  1875,  and  March,  1876. 

That  the  year  1862  was  the  time  of  the  commencement 
of  hydraulic  mining  of  considerable  magnitude  at  the 
head  of  Bear  river,  and  such  business  at  that  place  has 
steadily  increased  in  magnitude  from  that  time  to  this. 
That  there  has  been  a  similar  iucrease  each  year  (at  the 
same  stage  of  water)  in  the  flow  of  tailings  down  B;ar 
river  and  into  the  valley  thereof. 

That  plaintiff  never  acquiesed  in  the  wrongful  acts  of 
defendants  and  has  not  yet  beeu  guilty  of  laches  of  faults 
in  not  applying  for  relief  sooner,  as  he  and  a  large  number 
of  persons  owning  similarly  situated  land  in  the  valley  of 
Bear  river,  were  endeavorimr  by  constructing  levees,  new 
channels,  draiiiB,  opening  sloughs  and  straightening  chan- 
nels to  protect  their  lands  from  being  overflowed  by  min- 
ing debris,  and  believed  that  they  could  so  protect  them- 
selves and  were  expecting  a  dimunition  in  the  flow  of 
tailings  and  that  they  would  have  succeeded  in  protecting 
their  lands,  but  for  the  increase  of  the  deposit  of  tailings 
in  the  bed  of  Bear  river  and  its  tributaries  and  the  in- 
crease in  the  flow  thereof  into  the  valley  of  Bear  river 
commencing  in  1873,  and  gradually  increasing  and  ending 
in  the  overflow  of  January,  1S75,  and  March,  1876,  of 
plaintiff's  land  as  described  in  the  first  article  of  tnese  find- 
ings; that  at  the  commencement  of  this  suit  the  waters  of 
Bear  river  opposite  plaintiff's  land  were,  and  are  now,  so 
foul  and  corrupted  by  the  deposit  of  mining  tailings' there- 
in from  defeudants  mines,  as  to  be  unfit  for  use  by  man  or 
animals  or  for  the  purposes  of  irrigation. 

III.  That  each  of  the  defendants  has  materially  contrib- 
uted to  the  injury  and  damage  of  plaintiff's  land  by  wash- 
ing into  Bear  river  and  its  tributaries  the  tailings  from 
their  several  mines,  and  intend  to  continue  so  to  do. 

That  it  is  and  will  he  impossible  for  plaintiff  to  ascer- 
tain or  prove  the  proportion  in  which  either  or  any  of  the 
said  defendants  have  contributed  to  his  damage  and  in- 
jury as  aforesaid  or  will  hereafter  contribute  to  the 
damage  and  injury  apprehended  by  him  as  aforesaid. 

IV.  That  the  defendants  styled  the  Little  York  Gold 


Creek  Gold,  Silver  and  Copper  Mining  Co.,  (limited)  aro 
each  foreign  mining  corporations,  created  under  the  laws 
of  Great  Britain,  and  that  neither  of  them  has  at  any  time 
filed  in  the  office  of  the  Secretary  of  State  of  the  State  of 
California  any  paper  designating  or  purporting  to  desig- 
nate in  behalf  of  their  respective  companies  any  person  or 
persons  whom  process  issued  by  authority  of  or  under  any 
law  of  this  State  may  be  served  upon  such  company,  or 
either  of  them,  nor  have  they,  or  either  of  them,  in  any 
measure  complied  with  or  attempted  to  comply  with  any 
of  the  requirements  of  section  of  the  Act  entitled:  An 
Act  in  relation  to  foreign  corporations,  approved  April  1st, 
1872. 

V.  That  about  the  year  of  1852,  mining  districts  were 
formed  which  embrace  all  the  mining  claims  of  defendants, 
and  mining  laws  were  adopted,  prescribing  the  size,  mode 
and  manner  of  locating  and  holding  mining  claims  in  such 
districts,  and  when  such  modes  and  regulations  were  not 
regularly  adopted  those  matters  were  controlled  by  the 
customs  prevailing  in  such  district  or  districts.  No  law, 
custom  or  usage  regulated  or  purported  to  regulate  the 
manner  in  which  mining  claims  should  be  worked.  Loca- 
tions of  mining  claims  were  made  in  accordance  with  the 
laws  thus  adopted;  water  for  mining  purposes  were  ap- 
propriated; ditches  constructed  and  many  operations  re- 
quiring the  use  of  water  were  commenced.  The  opera- 
tions have  been  carried  on  with  some  intermissions  and 
changes  in  the  mode  of  working. 

Continuously  up  to  the  present  time  since  the  com- 
mencement of  gold  washing  in  California  to  the  present 
time,  miners  have  discharged  the  tailings  coming  from 
mines  into  the  nearest  or  most  convenient  ravine  or  out- 
lets, and  such  has  been  the  practice  in  all  the  mining  dis- 
tricts of  the  State. 

That  from  1S56  up  to  the  present  time  the  defendants 
and  those  through  they  claim,  and  all  others  engaged  in 
mining  within  the  water  shed  of  Bear  river  have  openly, 
continuously  and  notoriouslj  washed,  worked  and  mined 
their  claims  by  the  use  of  water  as  a  power,  and  dumped 
and  discharged  the  tailings  from  their  mines  into  said 
Bear  river  and  its  tributaries,  streams,  canyons  and  ra- 
vines, as  was  most  convenient  and  practicable. 

The  mining  claims  of  D.  W.  Balch,  substituted  as  de- 
fendant in  the  place  of  the  Little  York  Mining  Co. 
(limited),  were  located  not  later  than  the  year  1874. 

The  defendant  Balch  has  been  the  owner  thereof  since 
March  Sth,  1S76;  his  grantor,  the  Little  York  Co.  (limited), 
has  been  the  owner  since  October  3d,  1873;  his  grantor 
received  a  patent  from  the  United  States,  dated  June  10th, 
1S72. 

The  dumps  or  discharge  grounds  of  said  mining  claims 
is  uponirrouml  embraced  within  the  limits  of  sard  patent; 
Balch  paid  §100,000  for  these  claims  and  their  estimated 
value  exceeds  that  sum.  The  mining  claims  of  the  Cedar 
Creek  Gold  Mines  and  Water  Co.  (limited),  were  located 
between  1852  and  1861. 

This  company  acquired  its  title  to  said  claims  in  1872; 
United  States  patent  for  these  claims  were  issued  to  it  in 
the  years  1S73  and  1875.  The  dumps  or  discharge  of  said 
claims  is  upon  grounds  embraced  in  said  patents,  said 
mining  claims,  including  their  water  rights,  cost  §475,000, 
which  is  their  estimated  value. 

The  mining  claims  of  the  defendant,  the  Bird's-Eye 
Creek  Gold  Mining  Co.,  were  located  in  the  year  1852;  its 
title  accrued  on  the  30th  day  of  March,  1871.  Such  claims 
were"  patented  to  it  by  the  United  States  on  the  8th  day  of 
April,  1874. 

The  dump  or  place  of  discharge  of  two  of  its  claims  is 
upon  ground  embraced  within  the  limits  of  said  patent, 
to  wit:    The  Neece  &  West,  and  Wallowps  claims. 

The  claims  cost  the  present  owner  S3S0,000.  Their 
greatest  value  is  estimated  at  $500,000. 

The  mining  claims  of  the  Franklin  Mining  Co.  was  loca- 
ted in  the  year  1S74.  This  defendant  has  been  the  owner 
of  such  claims  since  January  21st,  1875;  its  title  conies 
through  a  patent  from  the  United  States,  dated  June  22d, 
1872. 

The  mining  claims  of  the  Polar  Star  Hydraulic  Gold 
Mining  Co.  were  located  in  the  years  1852  and  1874.  This 
company  has  been  the  owner  of  said  claims  since  October 
13th,  1875.  It  holds  its  title  to  said  claims  under  a  patent 
from  the  United  States,  dated  June  22d,  1872.  The  dumps 
or  discharges  of  said  claims  is  upon  ground  embraced 
within  the  lines  of  said  patent. 

The  mining  claims  of  the  defendants,  the  Gold  Run 
Ditch  and  Mining  Co.,  were  located  priorto  the  year  1S07. 
This  company  acqniried  its  title  May  31yt,  1872.  There 
has  been  no  work  done  on  the  claims  of  this  company 
known  an  Pine  Tops  since  March,  1874. 

The  mining  claims  of  W.  and  P.  Nichols,  substituted  as 
defendants  in  place  of  John.  Charles,  and  James  Staples, 
was  located  in  the  year  1855.  Defendants  Nichols  has 
been  the  owner  thereof  since  the  24th  of  April,  1878. 
Their  grantors  were  owners  from  September  21st,  1874. 
Their  patent  from  the  United  States  is  dated  July,  1874. 

The  mining  claims  of  the  defendant,  J.  H.  Le  Kamp, 
were  located  in  the  year  1856.  The  defendant,  Le  Kamp, 
has  been  the  owner  of  such  claims  since  July,  1872. 

The  mining  claims  uf  the  defendant,  B.  Huysink,  were 
located  prior  to  the  year  1856.  The  defendant,  B.  Huy- 
sink, has  been  the  owner  of  such  claims  since  August  19tli, 
1872.  He  holds  his  title  thereto  by  United  States  patent, 
dated  June  22d,  1872.  The  dump  or  discharge  of  said 
claims  is  upon  grounds  embraced  within  the  limits  of  said 
patent. 

The  mining  claims  of  the  defendant,  W.  H.  Raymond, 
were  located  prior  to  the  year  I860.  The  defendant,  Ray- 
mond, has  been  the  owner  of  such  claims  since  November 
22d,  1873. 

The  mining  claims  of  the  Camden  Mining  Co..  substi- 
tuted as  defendant  instead  of  Edward  Carney  and  P.  L. 
Goodseed,  were  located  prior  to  the  year  1856.  The  Cam- 
den Mining  Co.  have  been  the  owner  of  such  claims  since 
the  year  1S56. 

The  mining  claims  of  the  defendants,  A.  A.  Sargent  and 
William  Jacobs,  the  latter  substituted  instead  of  George 
F.  Jacobs,  were  located  prior  to  the  year  1857.  The  de- 
fendant, A.  A.  Sargent,  has  been  the  owner  of  an  undi- 
vided one-half  interest  in  said  claims  since  1S61.  The  de- 
fendant, William  Jacobs,  has  been  the  owner  of  an  undi- 
vided one-half  interest  therein  since  December  1st,  1877; 
his  predecessor  in  interest,  George  F.  Jacobs,  has  been 
the  owner  of  an  undivided  one-half  interest  therein  since 
1857.  Said  defendants  hold  their  title  to  said  mines  under 
a  patent  from  the  United  States,  dated  June  4th,  1872. 
The  dump  or  discharge  of  said  claims  is  upon  grounds  em- 
braced within  the  limits  of  said  patent.  Their  estimated 
value  is  §250,000. 

The  defendant,  John  Hussey,  has  been  the  owner  of  the 
Husscy  claim  since  October,  1874.  Said  claim  was  located 
in  the'year  1858.  A  United  States  patent  was  applied  for 
in  June,  1878,  but  such  patent  has  not  yet  been  issued. 

The  mining  claims  of  defendants,  Knight  Bros.,  were 
located  prior  to  the  year  1859.  They  are  worked  by  what 
is  called  the  drifting  process,  which  does  not  disturb  what 
is  called  the  upper  strata,  but  drifts  out  and  washes  what 
is  called  the  pay  streak  or  lowerstrata.  The  tailings  from 
these  claims  are  deposited  in  the  bed  of  a  creek  which 
leads  into  one  of  the  main  tributaries  of  Bear  river. 

The  defendants,  the  Knight  Bros. ,  were  located  in  the 
year  1859.  The  defendants,  Wyck  Bros.,  have  been  the 
owners  of  these  claims  since  1858. 

These  claims  are  partly  worked  by  the  hydraulic  process 
and  partly  by  the  drifting  process.  The  tailings  from 
these  claims  are  deposited  in  one  of  the  tributaries  of  Bear 
river. 

The  mining  claims  of  the  defendants,  Nutting,  Cooper, 
Friek  &  Frick,  were  located  prior  to  the  year  1867. 

The  defendants  have  been  the  owners  of  these  claims 
since  the  year  1867.  In  the  year  1859  they  applied  to  the 
United  States  for  a  patent  and  paid  therefor,  and  have  a 
certificate  of  purchase  therefor.  These  claims  are  like- 
wise worked  by  what  is  called  the  drifting  process.  Their 
tailings  are  deposited  in  a  ravine  which  leads  into  one  of 
the  tributaries  of  Bear  river. 

The  defendants,  A.  G.  Turner,  sued  as  H.  E.  Turner, 
never  was  the  owner  of  or  in  any  waj  interested  in  the 
mining  claim  called  the  Gouge  Eye.  He  never  worked 
upon  or  mined  the  same  or  discharged  therefrom  any  tail- 
ings into  the  bed  of  Bear  river  or  its  tributaries. 

The  defendants,  the  Elmore  Hill  Hydraulic  Mining  Co., 
and  the  Chalk  Mountain  Blue  Gravel  Mining  Co.,  although 


duly  served  with  summons  complaint  herein,  did  not 
answer  or  defend  their  suit. 

Hydraulic  mining,  in  the  sense  by  which  that  terra  is 
now  generally  understood,  was  introduced  in  the  mining 
districts  at  the  head  of  Bear  river  in  a  limited  way  as  early 
as  1852, 

The  defendants,  except  those  engaged  in  drift  mining, 
have,  in  conducting  the  mining  operations,  followed  what 
is  called  hydraulic  mining,  in  the  manner  in  which  the 
same  is  described  in  the  findings;  and  this  method  of  min- 
ing is  the  most  economical  as  well  as  the  most  effective 
method  known  of  separating  such  gold  in  such  mining 
claims,  from  the  earth,  stone,  and  gravel  which  contain 
it. 

The  dumps  or  places  of  discharge  of  the  various  mines 
of  the  defendants  are  not  contiguous  nor  in  close  prox- 
imity to  each  other,  with  a  few  exceptions,  but  in  all  cases 
the  tailings  from  the  various  mines  commingle  and  run 
together  in  Bear  river  before  they  reach  the  land  of  the 
plaintiff.  Said  dumps  are  in  many  instances  several  miles 
apart  from  each  other. 

The  gold  contained  in  the  gravel  deposits  on  the  Blue 
Lead,  upon  which  the  claims  of  defendants  are  situated, 
varies  from  §50,000  to  §300,000  per  acre,  as  estimated  or 
conjectured. 

The  cessation  of  hydraulic  mining  would  greatly  reduce 
the  taxable  property  of  all  the  mining  counties  of  the 
State. 

VII.  The  cause  of  action  of  plaintiff  and  his  right  to  the 
relief  demanded  by  him  is  not  barred  by  any  or  either  of 
the  statutes  of  limitations  set  up  by  either  of  the  de- 
fendants in  their  answers  herein. 

Conclusions  of  Law. 

1.  That  the  plaintiff's  cause  of  action  and  his  right  to 
the  relief  herein  demanded  is  not  barred  by  all  or  either 
of  the  statutes  of  limitation  pleaded  by  the  defendants  in 
this  case  or  otherwise. 

2.  The  defendants  or  either  of  them  have  not  acquired 
any  light  to  use  the  bed  of  Bear  river  nor  the  beds  of  its 
tributaries  as  a  place  of  deposit  of  their  mining  tailings, 
nor  to  choke  and  fill  with  such  tailings  the  channels  of 
Bear  river  in  the  valley  thereof,  nor  to  flow  or  overflow 
plaintiff's  lands  with  such  tailings,  nor  to  corrupt,  foul 
and  make  unfit  for  domestic,  animal  or  irrigating  uses, 
the  water  of  Bear  river. 

3.  The  acts  of  defendants  and  each  of  them  constitute  a 
nuisance  and  are  an  obstruction  to  the  free  use  by  plain- 
tiff of  said  lands  and  an  interference  with  the  comfortable 
enjoyments  of  said  property  by  him. 

4.  The  mining  laws  and  mining  customs  of  the  several 
mining  districts  mentioned  and  referred  to  in  the  findings 
of  fact  herein  were  not  intended  to  and  did  not  and  cannot 
protect  the  defendants  in  the  doing  of  the  acts,  matters 
and  things  complained  of  in  this  action. 

5.  The  plaintiff  is  entitled  to  the  relief  by  him  de- 
manded.    Let  judgment  be  entered  accordingly. 

Phil.  W.  Kkyser,  District  Judge. 
Decree. 

James  H.  Keyes  vs.  Little  York  Gold  and  Water  Co. 
(limited),  et  al. 

In  the  foregoing  cause  the  defendant  having  duly  ap- 
peared, and  the  ease  having  been  duly  tried  and  argued, 
the  Court,  after  due  consideration  thereof,  doth  order, 
adjudge  and  decree  as  follows,  to  wit:  That  D.  W.  Balch, 
substituted  as  a  defendant  herein  instead  of  the  Little 
York  Gold  Washing  and  Water  Co.  (limited);  the  Cedar 
Creek  Gold  Mines  and  Water  Co  (limited);  the  Bird's-Eye 
Creek  Gold  Mining  Co.  (limited);  Franklin  Gravel  Mining 
Co.;  Polar  Star  Hydraulic  Gold  Mining  Co.;  Elmore  Hill 
Hydraulic  Mining  Co. ;  Chalk  Mountain  Blue  Gravel  Co.; 
Gold  Run  Ditch  and  Mining  Co.,  substituted  as  a  de- 
fendant instead  of  the  Miners'  Ditch  Co.;  W.  and  P. 
Nichols,  substituted  as  defendants  instead  of  John, 
Charles,  and  James  Staples;  also  J.  H.  Le  Kamp  and  B. 
Huysink,  W.  H.  Raymond  and  John  Hussey;  Camden 
Mining  Co.,  substituted  as  a  defendant  herein  inBtead  of 
Edward  Carney  and  P.  L.  Goodspeed;  L.  W.  Preble.  A.  A. 
Sargent,  and  William  Jacobs,  co-partners  under  the  name 
of  Sargent  &  Jacobs,  the  latter  substituted  as  defendant 
instead  of  George  F.  Jacobs;  also  H.  Knight  and  William 
Knight,  co-partners  under  the  name  of  Knight  Bros.; 
Conrad  Wyck  and  P.  Wyck,  A.  N.  Nutting,  Alonzo 
Cooper,  J.  B.  Frick,  and  G.  A.  Frick,  substituted  for  de- 
fendants impleaded  as  Nutting,  Cooper,  Frick  and  Frick; 
and  the  Superintendents,  agents,  officers,  servants  and 
employees  of  the  foregoing  defendants,  and  each  of  them 
be,  and  they  are  each  of  them  hereby  perpetually  enjoined 
and  restrained  from  using  the  bed  of  Bear  river,  or  the 
beds  of  any  or  either  of  its  tributaries,  ravines  or  gulches, 
as  a  place  of  deposit,  or  as  a  dump  or  place  of  discbarge 
for  the  tailings  or  debris  of  their  said  mines  or  mining 
claims  or  either  of  them,  and  especially  from  using  said 
beds  of  said  stream  or  cither  of  them  as  a  place  of  deposit 
of  the  tailings  from  those  mining  claims  known  as  the 
Empire,  Christmas  Hill,  Council  Hill,  Liberty  Hill,  Yankee 
Badger,  Jehosaphat,  Central  Red  Dog,  Wallapa,  Neece  & 
West,  Franklin,  Polar  Star,  Buckeye,  American,  Elmore 
Hill,  Chalk  Bluff,  Pine  Tops,  Somerset,  Le  Kamp,  North 
Star,  Sailor,  Boston,  Doolittle,  Hussey,  Gouge  Eye, 
Quaker  Hill,  Rhode  Island,  Remington  Hill,  Wyck  Bros', 
claim,  Lowell  Hill,  Swamp  Angel,  Pleasant  or  Mount 
Pleasant,  and  especially  from  continuing  to  use  their  pres- 
ent dumps  as  a  place  for  the  discharge  and  deposit  of  the 
tailings  or  debris  from  said  mines;  and  they  and  each  of 
said  defendants  are  further  hereby  perpetually  restrained 
and  prohibited  from  fouling  and  corrupting  the  water  of 
Bear  river,  and  its  branches,  tributaries,  streams,  ravines 
and  gulches,  with  tailings  or  debris  from  their  said  mines, 
or  either  of  them;  that  the  plaintiff  herein  recover  his 

coBts  of  this  suit  taxed  at  S against  the  foregoing 

named  defendants,  except  the  Gold  Run  Ditch  and  Mining 
Co.;  that  the  defendant,  A.  G.  Turner,  having  disclaimed 
the  complaint  of  plaintiff  as  to  him,  is  hereby  dismissed, 
but  without  cost  to  cither  party. 

Done  at  Chambers,  this  10th  day  of  March,  A.  D,,  1879. 
Phil.  W.  Keyser,  District  Judge. 


Indian  Lands. — Of  the  forty-one  million 
acres  of  land  in  the  Indian  Territory,  twenty-six 
millions  have  been  set  apart  for  savages  and  the 
remaining  fifteen  millions  are  unsurveyed  and 
belong  to  the  United  States.  The  Indians  who 
have  thus  far  gone  there  have  done  practically 
nothing  in  the  way  of  developing  the  immense 
resources  there  to  be  found.  If  the  land  was 
equally  divided  up  among  these  Indian  emi- 
grants, it  would  average  over  500  acres  to  each, 
which  in  the  hands  of  industrious  white  settlers 
might  have  been  made  to  confer  immense  bene- 
fits upon  the  country  in  the  way  of  opening  up 
one  of  the  richest  and  most  magnificent  dis- 
tricts to  be  found  between  the  Atlantic  and 
Pacific.  The  soil,  climate,  water  facilities  and 
all  other  natural  characteristics  are  the  best 
and  most  desirable  to  be  found  anywhere  in 
the  country.  No  civilized  government  has 
ever  been  organized  there — the  Indians  having 
it  all  to  themselves  and  doing  nothing  with  it. — 
A  rizona  Enterprise. 

Haystack  Fires— Wasp  Incendiaries.— 
The  frequent  mysterious  burning  of  haystacks 
and  farmers'  buildings  has  led  to  the  discovery 
that  they  are  usually  set  on  fire  by  wasps'  nests, 
and  that  the  nests  are  ignited  by  spontaneous 
combustion.  This  is  produced  by  the  chemical 
action  of  the  wax  in  contact  with  the  paper-like 
substance  of  which  the  nest  is  composed,  a  com- 
paratively small  access  of  oxygen  being  sufficient 
to  make  it  burst  forth  in  a  blaze. 


March  22,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


183 


An  Eastern  View  of  Pacific  Coast  Tim- 
ber Preservation. 


Prof.  C.  S.  Sargent,  Director  of  the  Botauic 
Garden  uf  Harvard  University,  writes  an  article 
on  forestry  for  the  Nation,  in  the  course  of 
which  he  present*  his  views  on  the  destruction 
of  timber  on  this  coast  and  the  means  of  restor- 
ing depleted  forests.  He  thinks  at  the  East  the 
restoration  may  be  left  to  individual  and  corpo- 
rate intelligence  and  enterprises,  aud  then  con- 
tinues as  follows: 

West  of  the  Rocky  mountaius  all  is  different 
The  country  is  cut  up  by  high  mountain  ohaizu 
overlooking  narrow  valleys.  The  rainfall  is  in 
parts  of  this  region  exceedingly  small,  and 
everywhere  very  unequally  distributed  through- 
out the  year;  so  that  once  destroyed  it  would 
be  difficult  or,  indeed,  impossible  to  restore  any 
forests  of  this  region  beyond  the  immediate  in- 
finance  of  the  Pacific  ocean;  while  its  peculiar 
topography  demands  that  the  mountain  ranges 
remain  forest-covered  that  the  valleys  may  be 
habitable.  Large  portions  of  this  Western  ter- 
ritory are  still  in  the  handB  of  the  general  Gov- 
eminent,  and  before  it  is  too  late,  steps  should 
be  taken  to  set  aside  and  scrupulously  preserve 
at  least  such  portions  of  forest -covered  DBOUn- 
tain  ranges  as  give  rise  to  important  streams,  It 
is  probably  already  too  late  to  preserve  any  con- 
siderable part  of  the  scanty  forests  of  the  "Great 
basin."  They  are  everywhere  fast  melting 
away  to  supply  the  enormous  and  often  unnec- 
essary demands  of  the  mining  enterprises  of  that 
region.  These  forests,  which  are  of  immense 
age,  once  destroyed,  will  never  reappear,  and 
the  streams  which  now  make  agriculture  possi- 
ble in  the  valleys  through  irrigation  will,  at  no 
distant  day,  flow  only  during  a  short  period  of 
the  year.  If  any  portion  of  this  interior  region 
is  worth  saving  for  agriculture,  immediate  steps 
must  be  taken  to  preserve  the  remnants  of  its 
forests,  or  it  will  not  long  support  even  its  pres- 
ent small  agricultural  population. 

More  important  still  is  the  necessity  for  Gov- 
ernment or  State   preservation  of  some   part  of 
the   noble   coniferous    forest  which   graces   the 
western  slopes  of  the  Sierra  Nevada.    The  future 
of  California  depends  on  the   existence  of  this 
forest.     Nowhere  on  the  face  of  the  globe  is  the 
physical  necessity    for   preserving    the    forests 
greater   than   in   California ;  nowhere   has   the 
world  seen  its  forests  so  rapidly  and  senselessly 
destroyed.     We  will   briefly  examine  what  the 
dangers  are  which  threaten  California,  and  what 
should   be  undertaken   to   prevent   or  at  least 
diminish  them.     All  along  the  western  slope  of 
the  Sierras  numerous  rivers  head,  which,  flowing 
westward   through  the  rich  foothills  and  great 
plaius  of   California,   fall  into   the  Sacramento 
and  the  San  Joaquin,  the  one  flowing  south  and 
the  other  north,  and  at  length   emptying  into 
the  bay  of  San  Francisco.    Through  these  rivers 
must  pass  all  the  moisture,  not  absorbed  by  the 
soil,  which   the   Sierras  attract  from  the  ocean 
lying  almost  at  their  feet.    The  annual  precipita- 
tion of  moisture  in   these   mountains,  although 
almost  exclusively  confined  to  the  winter  months, 
is  still  very  large,  a  fall  of  60  feet  of  snow  dur- 
ing an  exceptionally  severe  winter  having  been 
reported  in  the  high  Sierras.     It  results  that  in 
the   early  summer  months,  when   the   snow  is 
melting,  these  mountain  streams   become  large 
and  rapid  rivers,  carrying  off  immense  volumes 
of  water,  and  then  almost  entirely  disappearing 
with  the  snow.     As  they  are  not  replenished  by 
summer  rains,  the  length  of  their  annual  dura- 
tion  must  depend  on  the  slowness  with  which 
the  snow  at  their  sources   melts.     It  is  a  well- 
known  fact  that  snow  melts  much  less  rapidly, 
and   that   much   more  of  it  is  absorbed  in  the 
forest  than  in   the    open    ground ;    while   the 
forests  on  a  mountain  side  offers  great  mechanical 
resistance,  especially  by  their  undergrowth  and 
coating  of  fallen   leaves,  to   the  rapid   running 
off  of  water  or  melting  snow.     If  the  forests  of 
the  Sierras  are  destroyed,  their  annual  snowfall 
will    probably   not   be    materially   diminished. 
The  length  of  time,  however,  required  to  melt 
it  will  be  much  shorter;  and  the  absorbing  power 
of  the  forest  being  gone,  the  volume  of  water 
passing   through  the   rivers  will  be  greatly  in- 
creased.   It  is  not  difficult  to  foretell  the  results. 
Every  season,  earlier  at  the   south,  later  at  the 
north,  torrents,  more  terrible  and  more  destruc- 
tive than  the  history  of  the  world  records,  will 
carry  during  a  few  weeks  death  and  desolation 
from  the  mountainsides  down  over  the  foothills, 
covering  the  plains  with  debris  and  holding  the 
cities   Tying  along  the  low  banks  of  the  larger 
rivers   at  their   mercy.     And  then,  when   this 
terrible   rush  of  a  few  days  is  over,  it  will  -be 
found    that   the  whole  supply  of  water   for  the 
summer  is  exhausted.     The   foothills   and   the 
plain  will  no  longer  produce  fruits  or  vegetables, 
or  any  summer  crop   for  which   irrigation  is  es- 
sential, for  no  water  to  irrigate  with  will  come 
down  from  the   mountains.      "Placer   mining" 
will  be  a  thing  of  the  past,  and  even  the  naviga- 
tion of  the  great  rivers  will  be  either  interrupted 
or  abandoned.     During  the  last  50  years  more 
than  one  country  in  Europe  has  been  visited  by 
calamities  similar  in  origin  and  extent  to  those 
which   now  threaten   California,  but  in  none  of 
them  were  the   physical  reasons  for  the  danger 
so  great.     The   mountains   from  which  the  de- 
structive torrents  of  Europe   have   sprung  are 
lower  than  the  Sierras,  less  heavily  forest-clad, 
and   enjoying  a  more   regular  precipitation   of 
moisture  with  a  much   smaller  snowfall,  and  so 
less  able  to  produce  sudden  and  disastrous  tor- 
rents. 

There  is  but  one  remedy  for  the  dangers  we 
foretell,  and  on  its  adoption  depends  the  future 


of  California.  A  strip  or  strips  of  forest  must 
be  set  aside  along  the  western  slope  of  the 
Sierras  extensive  enough  to  secure  the  natural 
flow  of  rivers,  and  these  reservations  must  be 
strictly  guarded  from  lire,  the  axe,  and  especi- 
ally from  all  browsing  animals.  It  is  in  her 
boasted  millions  of  sheep  that  California's  great- 
est danger  now  lies.  These,  with  countless 
herds  of  other  browsing  animals,  are  driven  up 
every  summer  from  the  plaius  into  the  moun- 
tains to  feed  during  the  dry  season.  The  dam- 
age they  are  inflicting  in  the  Sierra  forests  ia 
terrible  and  indescribable.  One  can  ride  for 
days  at  a  certain  elevation  through  the  moun- 
taius along  the  sheep-trails  without  seeing  out- 
side of  the  rare  ranch  enclosures  a  single  uniu- 
lnied  shrub  or  a  seedling  tree  of  any  sort. 
Everything  the  sheep  can  reach  is  eaten  clean. 
This  means  that  there  is  nothing  left  of  the  for- 
est but  its  older  trees,  aud  that  it  has  lost  or  is 
fast  losing  its  best  element  for  holding  back 
melted  snow  ;  and  it  means,  too,  that  there  are 
no  new  trees  coming  on  to  take  the  place  in 
their  turn  of  their  parents.  As  the  number  of 
urixnala  driven  to  tlie  mountaius  increases,  for- 
est (ires  increase  also,  set  by  the  shepherds 
either  accidentally  or  purposely  to  increase  the 
next  year's  feed.  A  forest  annually  wasted  by 
lire.  («n  which  the  axe  is  always  making  terrible 
inroads,  and  in  which  no  young  trees  are  al- 
lowed to  spring  up,  is  clearly  doomed.  When 
that  of  the  Sierras,  the  noblest  of  our  con- 
tinent, has  gone,  nothing  will  stand  between 
California  and  the  dangers  which  threaten 
her.  To  preserve  California  is  the  first  and 
greatest  duty  of  American  forestry.  The 
task  is  a  difficult  one,  but  it  can  be  accom- 
plished if  her  people  desire  it. 


IJSEfjL     Ifff©c\|Vt\y[©N. 


1  DATING  Metals  With  Tin. — The  process 
of  coating  metals  with  tin  promises  to  extend 
its  use  tor  culinary  and  other  uses.  Its 
imposition  is  proposed  by  means  of  a 
zinc  and  carbon  battery.  The  inner  cell  con- 
taining the  zinc  is  filled  with  dilute  sulphuric 
acid.  The  articles  to  be  coated  with  tin  are 
put  into  a  bath  composed  of  8  parts  of  proto- 
chloride  of  tin,  lti  of  cream  of  tartar,  and  '2  of  the 
chloride  if  the  latter  is  used.  When  it  is  pres- 
ent the  tin  coating  is  effected  more  rapidly, 
whereas,  when  the  bath  is  composed  of  proto- 
chloride  of  tin  aud  cream  of  tartar  only,  the  tin 
coating  is  very  white,  but  is  not  produced  so 
rapidly  as  when  the  chloride  is  used.  These  in- 
gredients should  be  dissolved  in  about  100  gal- 
ons  of  distilled  water.  The  black  plates  are 
first  "pickled"  in  any  suitable  manner,  and 
then  immersed  in  the  above  described  bath  or 
solution,  and  arc  allowed  to  remain  in  the  same 
for  a  longer  or  shorter  time,  according  to  the 
thickness  of  the  deposit  or  coating  of  tin  re- 
quired on  the  plates.  While  in  this  bath  the 
plates  or  other  pieces  to  be  coated  are  connected 
by  a  wire  with  the  positive  end  of  the  battery, 
while  the  negative  end  of  the  battery  is  con- 
nected with  a  piece  of  tin  hung  in  the  same 
bath.  When  the  plates  or  other  pieces  or  arti- 
cles have  been  sufficiently  coated  with  tin,  they 
are  held  over  a  fire  in  order  to  give  the  tin  a 
lustrous  appearance. 


Facts  of  Value  to  the  Housewife. 

That  salt  will  curdle  new  milk;  hence,  in 
preparing  milk-porridge,  gravies,  etc.,  the  salt 
should  not  be  added   until  the  dish  is  prepared. 

That  fresh  meat,  after  beginning  to  sour,  will 
sweeten  if  placed  out  of  doors  in  the  cool  air 
overnight. 

That  clear,  boiling  water  will  remove  tea 
stains  and  many  fruit  stains.  Pour  the  water 
through  the  stain,  and  thus  prevent  it  from 
spreading  over  the  fabric. 

That  ripe  tomatoes  will  remove  ink  and  other 
stains  from  white  cloth,  also  from  the  hands. 

That  a  tablespoonful  of  turpentine  boiled 
with  your  white  clothes  will  greatly  aid  the 
whitening  process. 

That  boiled  starch  is  much  improved  by  the 
addition  of  a  little  sperm,  or  a  little  salt,  or 
both,  or  a  little  gum  arabic  dissolved. 

That  beeswax  and  salt  will  make  your  rusty 
flat-irons  as  clean  and  smooth  as  glass.  Tie  a 
lump  of  wax  in  a  rag,  and  keep  it  for  the  pur- 
pose. When  the  irons  are  hot.  rub  them  first 
with  the  wax  rag,  then  scour  with  a  paper  or 
cloth  sprinkled  with  salt. 

That  blue  ointment  and  kerosene  mixed  in 
equal  proportions  and  applied  to  bedsteads  is 
an  unfailing  bedbug  remedy,  and  that  a  coat  of 
whitewash  is  ditto  for  the  walls  of  a  log-house. 

That  kerosene  oil  will  soften  boots  or  shoes 
which  have  been  hardened  by  water,  and  ren- 
der them  as  pliable  as  new. 

That  kerosene  will  make  your  tin  kettle  as 
bright  as  new.  Saturate  a  woolen  rag  and  rub 
with  it.  It  will  also  remove  stains  from,  and 
clean,  varnished  furniture. 

That  cold  rain-water  and  soap  will  remove 
machine  grease  from  washable  fabrics. 


Triumph  of  Electrical   Science. — In  the 

cable  news  of  a  few  days  since,  it  was  stated 
that  the  French  Atlantic  cable  was  "broken 
161  miles  from  St.  Pierre  Miquelon,  in  500 
fathoms  of  water."  These  few  words  show  one 
of  the  many  triumphs  of  modern  electrical 
science.  Here  is  a  wire  cord  buried  under 
three-fifths  of  a  mile  of  the  water  of  the  ocean, 
and  160  miles  from  land — and  yet  the  people  on 
shore  can  exactly  locate  the  points  at  which  it  is 
broken.  Strange  as  that  seems,  it  is  actually 
done,  and  has  been  time  and  again.  The  repair- 
ing vessels  will  go  out  to  the  indicated  point, 
throw  over  their  grappling  hooks,  and  within  a 
few  hundred  yards  will  find  the  broken  ends 
and  splice  them.  This  wonder  is  accomplished, 
first,  by  exact  knowledge  of  the  laws  of  elec 
tricity,  which  make  known  what  amount  of 
currents  a  wire  of  a  given  dimension  will  carry, 
and  the  resistance  it  must  overcome  in  going  to 
a  given  distance,  and,  next,  by  the  instruments 
made  by  the  mechanicians  of  our  day,  which 
will  make  the  operation  of  both  laws  visible  to 
the  experienced  observer,  even  if  the  break  in 
the  cable  is  a  thousand  miles  away  and  two 
miles  under  the  sea. — Philadelphia  Ledger. 


should  be  taken  in  disinfecting  the  sick  room, 
after  use,  as  in  scarlet  fever.  Alter  a  death 
from  diphtheria,  the  clothing  disused  should  be 
burned,  or  exposed  to  nearly  or  quite  a  heat  of 
boiling  water.  The  body  should  be  placed  as 
early  as  practicable  in  the  coffin,  with  disin- 
fectants, and  the  colKu  should  be  tightly  closed. 
Children,  at  least,  and  better  adults  also  in 
most  cases,  should  not  attend  a  funeral  from  a 
house  in  which  a  death  from  diphtheria  has  oc- 
curred. But  with  suitable  precautions,  it  is  not 
necessary  that  the  funeral  should  be  private, 
provided  the  corpse  be  not  in  any  way  exposed. 

Although  it  is  not  at  present  possible  to  re- 
move at  once  all  sources  of  epidemic  disease, 
yet  the  frequent  visitation  of  such  disease,  and 
ecially  its  continued  prevalence,  may  be 
taken  as  sutlicient  evidence  of  insanitary  sur- 
roundings, and  of  sources  of  sickness  to  a  cer- 
tain extent  preventable. 

It  should  be  distinctly  understood  that  no 
amount  of  artificial  ' '  disinfection"  can  ever  take 
the  place  of  pure  air,  good  water  and  proper 
drainage,  which  cannot  be  gained  without 
prompt  and  efficient  removal  of  all  tilth, 
whether  from  slaughter  houses,  etc.,  public 
buildings,  crowded  tenements  or  private  resi- 
dences. 

Temperature  of  tub  Head. — Some  investi- 
gations have  recently  been  made  by  several 
physiologists  concerning  the  effect  of  mental 
activity  upon  the  temperature  of  the  brain. 
Several  thermometers  are  placed  on  different 
parts  of  the  head  and  fastened  there  by  means 
of  straps;  then  the  person  subjects  himself  to 
various  intellectual  processes,  and  the  result 
shows  a  decided  increase  of  temperature  in 
certain  parts  of  the  brain.  The  temperature  of 
the  brain  of  a  professor  was  elevated  several 
degrees  while  delivering  a  lecture.  Even  the 
slightest  intellectual  effort  raises  the  tempera- 
ture of  the  head  above  that  which  it  reaches  m 
idle  conversation.  It  is  interesting  to  note  that 
certain  parts  of  the  brain  show  a  greater  increase 
of  temperature  than  others.  Where  the  tem- 
perature of  the  head  is  increased  beyond  a 
certain  point,  intellectual  effort  takes  place 
with  difficulty,  or  with  pain.  This  is  very  apt 
to  be  the  case  with  persons  of  a  very  nervous 
temperament.  It  would  therefore  be  prudent 
for  such  to  cease  intellectual  effort,  before  this 
temperature  is  reached,  and  devote  themselves 
to  some  physical  exercise  which  shall  equalize 
the  circulation  and  restore  the  normal  tempera- 
ture to  the  extremities. 


To  Make  Iron  Take  a  Bright  Polish  like 
Steel. — Pulverize  and  dissolve  the  following 
articles  in  one  quart  of  hot  water:  Blue  vitriol, 
one  ounce;  borax,  one  ounce;  prussiate  of  pot- 
ash, one  ounce;  charcoal,  one  ounce;  salt,  one 
half-pint;  then  add  one  gallon  linseed  oil.  Mix 
well,  bring  your  iron  or  steel  to  the  proper  heat 
and  cool  in  the  solution.  It  is  said  the  manu- 
facturers of  the  Judson  governor  paid  $100  for 
this  recipe,  the  object  being  to  case-harden  iron 
so  that  it  would  take  a  bright  polish  like  steel. 


The  Locomotive. — The  ordinary  life  of  a 
locomotive  engine  is  stated  at  30  years.  Some 
of  the  small  parts  require  renewal  every  six 
months.  The  boiler  tubes  last  five  years,  and 
the  crank  axles  six  years;  tires,  boilers  and  fire- 
boxes six  to  seven  years.  The  side  frames,  axles 
and  other  parts  30  years. 


Qq©d    ^E^LfH' 


Japanese  Magic  Mirrors. — The  so-called 
magic  mirrors,  with  which  the  Japanese  metal- 
workers have  hitherto  succeeded  in  puzzling  our 
savants,  have  been  generally  supposed  to  owe 
their  strange  property  of  reflecting  images  that 
were  quite  invisible  upon  their  brilliantly  pol- 
ished surfaces,  to  corresponding  inequalities  in 
the  density  of  the  surface,  produced  by  some 
means  during  cooling  or  by  stamping.  Profes- 
sors Ayrton  and  Petty,  who  have  lately  studied 
their  peculiarities,  offer  another  explanation. 
They  affirm  that  the  effects  above  noticed  are 
produced  by  reason  of  very  slight  irregularities 
in  curvature  of  the  polished  surfaces,  these  ir- 
regularities being  such  that  the  thicker  parts, 
corresponding  with  the  raised  patterns  on  the 
back,  are  flatter  than  the  remaining  convex  sur- 
face, by  which  difference  there  would  be  less 
dispersion  of  light  from  the  thick  than  from 
the  thin  portions  of  the  surface.  As,  unless  we 
are  greatly  mistaken,  we  remember  to  have 
seen  such  mirrors  with  apparently  perfectly 
plane  surfaces,  the  above  explanation  would  ap- 
pear to  be  less  satisfactory  than  the  older  one. 

Case -Hardening  Iron. — In  order  to  econ- 
omize in  the  more  expensive  materials  for  case- 
hardening  cast,  wrought  or  malleable  iron,  and 
to  harden  only  portions  of  the  article  in  different 
degrees,  if  required,  Mr.  Gracie  S.  Roberts,  of 
Brooklyn,  makes  use  of  an  improved  method. 
After  polishing  the  surface,  he  glues  to  the 
portions  to  be  case-hardened  a  coating  of  yellow 
prussiate  of  potash.  A  number  of  coats  are 
given,  according  to  the  degree  of  the  case- 
hardening  required.  A  cheaper  material  or 
simply  boneblack  is  used  where  a  slight  effect 
ouly  is  required.  When  the  glue  is  set  hard, 
the  article  is  packed  in  powdered  charcoal, 
heated  to  redness  in  a  quick  fire  and  maintained 
at  that  heat  for  half  an  hour.  Then  it  is  hard- 
1  ened  and  tempered  in  the  usual  manner. 


What   to  Do  in   Cases  of  Diphtheria. 

[From  the  Circular  of  the  Massachuaetta  State  Board  of 
Health.] 


In  the  first  place,  as  diphtheria  is  a  conta- 
gious disease,  and  under  certain  circumstances 
not  entirely  known,  very  highly  so,  it  is  import- 
ant that  all  practical  means  should  be  taken  to 
separate  the  sick  from  the  well.  As  it  is  also 
infectious,  woolen  clothes,  carpets,  curtains, 
hangings,  etc.,  should  be  avoided  in  the  sick 
room,  and  only  such  materials  used  as  can  be 
readily  washed. 

All  clothes,  when  removed  from  the  patient, 
should  be  at  once  placed  in  hot  water.  Pocket- 
handkerchiefs  should  be  laid  aside,  and  in  their 
stead  soft  pieces  of  linen  or  cotton  cloth  should 
be  used,  and  at  once  burned. 

Disinfectants  should  always  be  placed  in  the 
vessel  containing  the  expectoration,  and  may  be 
used  somewhat  freely  in  the  Bick  room  ;  those 
being  especially  useful  which  destroy  bad  odors 
without  causing  others  (nitrate  of  lead,  chloride 
of  zinc,  etc. )  In  schools  there  should  be 
especial  supervision,  as  the  disease  is  often  so 
mild  in  its  early  stages  as  not  to  attract  com- 
mon attention  ;"  and  no  child  should  be  allowed 
to  attend  school  from  an  infected  house,  until 
allowed  to  do  so  by  a  competent  physician.  In 
the  case  of  young  children,  all  reasonable  care 
should  be  taken  to  prevent  undue  exposure  to 
the  cold. 

Pure  water  for  drinking  should  be  used,  avoid- 
ing contaminated  sources  of  supply  ;  ventila- 
tion should  be  insisted  on,  and  local  drainage 
must  be  carefully  attended  to.  Privies  and 
cesapools,  where  they  exist,  should  be  fre- 
quently emptied  and  disinfected  ;  slop  water 
should  not  be  allowed  to  soak  into  the  surface 
of  the  ground  near  dwelling-houses,  and  the 
cellars  should  be  kept  dry  and  sweet. 

In  all  cases  of  diphtheria  fully  as   great  care 


Morning  Walks  not  Healthful. — It  is  a 
great  mistake,  says  a  medical  writer,  to  suppose 
that  a  morning  walk  or  other  form  of  exercise 
before  breakfast  is  healthful;  the  malaria  which 
rests  on  the  earth  about  sunrise  in  summer, 
when  taken  into  the  lungs  and  stomach,  which 
are  equally  debilitated  with  other  portions  of 
the  body  from  the  long  fast  since  supper,  is 
very  readily  absorbed  and  enters  the  circulation 
within  an  hour  or  two,  poisoning  the  blood,  and 
laying  the  foundation  for  troublesome  diseases; 
while  in  winter  the  same  debilitated  condition 
of  these  vital  organs  readily  allows  the  blood  to 
be  chilled,  and  thus  renders  the  system  suscep- 
tible of  taking  cold,  with  all  its  varied  and  too 
often  disastrous  results.  Some  will  say,  look 
how  healthy  the  farmer's  boy  is,  and  the  daily 
laborers,  who  go  to  their  work  from  one  year's 
end  to  another  by  "crack  of  dawn  !"  My  reply 
is,  if  they  are  healthy,  they  are  so  in  spite  of 
these  exposures;  their  simple  fare,  their  regular 
lives  and  their  out-door  industry,  give  their 
bodies  a  tone,  a  vigor,  a  capability  of  resisting 
disease,  which  nullifies  the  action  of  malaria  to 
a  very  considerable  extent. 

Dangerous  Houses. — Houses  that  have  been 
empty  may  become  fever  breeders  when  they 
come  to  be  reoccupied.  An  English  sanitary 
officer  alleges  that  he  has  observed  typhoid, 
diphtheria,  or  other  zymotic  affections  to  rise 
under  these  circumstances.  The  cause  is  sup- 
posed to  be  in  the  disuse  of  cisterns,  pipes  and 
drains,  the  processes  of  putrefaction  going  on 
in  the  impure  air  in  them,  the  unobstructed  ac- 
cess of  this  air  to  the  house,  while  the  closure 
of  windows  and  doors  effectually  shuts  out  fresh 
air.  Persons  moving  from  the  city  to  their 
country  homes  for  the  summer,  should  see  that 
the  drains  and  pipes  are  in  perfect  order,  that 
the  cellar  and  closets  are  free  from  rubbish,  and 
the  whole  house  thoroughly  aired  before  occupy- 
ing. Carbolic  acid  used  freely  in  the  cellar  is  a 
cheap  and  good  disinfectant. 

The  Treatment  of  Sprains.  Mr.  Dacre 
Fox,    an   English  surgeon  to   a  large  railway 


company,  who  has  had  considerable  experience 
of  this  form  of  injury,  says  that  in  the  more 
severe  cases  he  finds  that  after  a  few  days  of 
fomentation  the  best  treatment  is  regulated 
pressure  by  means  of  carefully  adjusted  pads 
and  large  plasters  of  a  special  shape,  varying 
according  to  the  particular  joint  involved.  By 
this  plan  he  feels  sure  that  it  is  possible  to 
control  the  effusion  into  the  sheaths  of  the 
tendons  and  adjacent  structures,  to  lessen  the 
pain,  and  to  shorten  the  duration  of  treatment. 

Treatment  of  Diphtheria. — Dr.  Bachelder, 
in  an  Australian  journal,  says  :  "I  would  sug- 
gest to  physicians,  in  treating  diphtheria,  to 
use  internally  a  very  weak  solution  of  carbolic 
acid,  and  for  the  throat  or  fauces  a  solution  of 
hydrochloric  acid,  about  the  strength  of  strong 
cider  vinegar.  I  have  treated  every  case  suc- 
cessfully, so  far,  with  the  above  re.nedies. 
Croup  is  instantly  relieved  by  the  acid  solution. 
Apply  it  to  the  throat  with  a  brush  or  sponge, 
or  use  as  a  gargle." 


184 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[March  22,  1879. 


I'lNIKTCC 


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SAN   FRANCISCO: 
Saturday  Morning,  March  22, 1879. 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 

GENERAL  EDITORIALS-— Quicksilver  Combina- 
tion; Combination  Lathes;  The  Proposed  Free  Library, 
177.  The  Week;  Relative  Increase  of  Gold  and  Silver; 
A  Sub-Aqueous  Excavator;  The  Perils  of  Stock  Specula- 
tions, 184.  Arizona. — No.  1;  Boiler  Explosions. — No.  3; 
The  Sutro  Compromise;  Russell's  Cultivator,  185. 

ILLUSTRATIONS.-Combination  Lathe,  177-  P.  S. 
Russell's  Improved  Cultivator,  185. 

CORRESPONDENCE.  —  Nevada's  Wealth,  178. 

THE  ENGINEER.—  Cheap  Railways;  Wire  Belts,  178. 

MECHANICAL  PROGRESS.— Weldingof  Metals 
at  Low  Temperatures;  Motive  Power  from  the  Conden- 
sation of  Steam;  Old  and  New  Objects  of  Invention; 
Shipbuilding  in  the  United  States;  Working  up  Iron 
ajd  Steel  Shearings;  Paper  vs.  Iron  Car  Wheels;  Artifi- 
cial Marble  Produced  by  Steam  Heat  and  Pressure,  179. 

SCIENTIFIC  PROGRESS.  —The  Telectroscope; 
Something-  curious  about  Explosives;  Powders  Solidi- 
fied by  Pressure;  Potassium;  Geological  Changes  in  Pro- 
gress; .New  Instrument  to  Determine  the  Presence  of 
Metals  ia  Ores;  The  New  Metals;  A  Rare  Mineral,  179. 

MINING  STOCK  MARKET  — Sales  at  the  San 
Francisco,  California  and  Pacific  Stock  Boards,  Notices 
of  Assessments,  Meetings  and  Dividends,  180. 

USEFUL  INFORMATION.—  Facts  of  Value  to  the 
Housewife;  Japanese  Magic  Mirrors;  Case-Harden ing 
Iron;  Coating  Metals  with  Tin;  Triumph  of  Electrical 
Science;  To  make  Iron  take  a  Bright  Polish  like  Steel; 
The  Locomotive,  183. 

GOOD  HEALTH.-What  to  do  in  Cases  of  Diphthe- 
ria; Temperature  of  the  Head;  Morning  Walks  not 
Healthful;  Dangerous  Houses;  The  Treatment  of 
Sprains;  Treatment  of  Diphtheria,  183. 

MISCELLANEOUS.— The  Mining  Debris  Question; 
Indian  Lands;  Haystack  Fires — Wasp  Incendiaries,  182. 
An  Eastern  View  of  Pacific  Coast  Timber  Preservation, 
183. 

MINING  SUMMARY  from  the  various  counties  of 
California,  Nevada,  Idaho  and  Colorado,  181-88. 

NEWS  IN  BRIEF  on  188  and  other  pages 

Business   Announcements. 

Hercules  Powder,  California  Powder  Works,  S.  P. 
Instrument  for  Cutting  Lace  Leather,  Berry  &  Place,  S.  F. 
Mine  Wanted,  "Miner,"  Mining  and  Scientific  Press  Office. 

Annual  Meeting Union  Stone  Co. 

Delinquent  Sale — Summit  Mining  Co. 


The  Week. 

Better  times  are  coming.  The  Eastern  jour- 
nals— especially  in  New  England — speak  in 
encouraging  terms  of  the  indications  about 
them  of  the  improvement  in  business,  and  the 
late  plentiful  rains  here,  have  assured  us  of  such 
bountiful  harvest,  that  the  turn  in  the  tide  of 
business  affairs  seems  evident,  though  neces- 
sarily slow  ia  making  itself  manifest.  In  other 
countries  the  dull  times  and  attending  distress 
continue  unabated.  Wages  have  been  generally 
lowered  throughout  England,  and  large  numbers 
of  the  laboring  classes  thereby  rendered  desti- 
tute. Colonization  seems  to  have  been  decided 
upon  as  a  remedy  for  these  troubles.  Several 
schemes  have  been  projected  in  England,  Ire- 
land, Germany  and  France,  to  settle  colonists 
in  America,  and  Italy  has  a  large  band  of  im- 
migrants en  route  for  New  Guinea.  After 
mouths  of  patient  talk  and  negotiations  the 
Sutro  Tunnel  Co.  and  the  Comstock  mines  have 
at  laBt  effected  a  compromise.  This  is  good 
news  to  all  concerned,  for  not  only  is  it  a  benefi  t 
to  the  mine  owners  themselves,  but  to  the 
miners  also,  hundreds  of  whom  are  now  out  of 
work  at  Virginia,  The  laud  contest  between 
the  Railroad  company  and  the  settlers  of  Tulare 
county  is  assuming  a  rather  threatening  aspect. 
The  latter  have  organized  six  military  companies 
under  the  State  laws,  and  declare  their  inten- 
tion to  resist  all  attempts  to  deprive  them  of 
their  homes.  The  action  of  the  government 
concerniug  Alaska  seems  peculiar.  Sitka  is 
only  protected  by  the  presence  of  a  British 
man-of-war,  and  yet  the  government  seems  in 
no  hurry  to  send  an  efficient  force  thither  to 
protect  its  citizens,  though  the  necessary  means 
■ — the  man-of-war  Alaska — is  on  hand  in  this 
harbor  waiting  for  orders,  which  up  to  Thurs- 
day morning  had  not  been  received. 


Relative  Increase  of  Gold  and  Silver. 

There  is  a  class  of  public  journals  in  both  the 
United  States  and  Europe  that,  during  the  dis- 
cussion in  regard  to  the  status  silver  should 
occupy  in  our  national  currency,  held  to  the  view 
that  this  metal  was  increasing  the  world  over 
much  faster  relatively  than  gold,  for  which  rea- 
son they  expressed  the  opinion  that  it  should 
suffer  partial  demonetization,  at  least,  some  of 
these  journals  being  purely  monometallic  in 
their  notions.  And  now  comes  to  hand  an 
English  paper  largely  devoted  to  the  considera- 
tion of  financial  economies  and  kindred  topics, 
wherein  this  view  is  reiterated,  and  the  fear  ex- 
pressed that  much  inconvenience  and  possibly 
loss  will  ensue  from  this  threatened  disturbance 
of  the  equilibrum  that  has  heretofore  existed 
between  the  precious  metals.  As  these  are 
journals  of  wide  influence,  who's  opinions  with 
many  will  be  accepted  as  authoritative,  it  may 
be  well  to  examine  this  question  a  little  and  see 
if  they  have  not  fallen  into  an  error. 

During  the  three  centuries  preceding  the 
discovery  of  gold  in  California,  Mexico  and 
South  America  being  then  the  principal  bullion- 
producing  countries  of  the  world,  the  stock  of 
silver  was,  no  doubt,  being  replenished  at  a 
much  more  rapid  rate  than  that  of  gold;  the 
reason  that  the  former  did  not  accumulate  to  a 
troublesome  or  even  marked  extent,  being  that 
India,  which  had  meantime  been  opened  to  the 
trade  of  European  nations,  so  absorbed  this 
metal  as  to  prevent  such  result.  Since  the  dis- 
covery of  gold  in  California,  followed  soon  after 
by  like  discoveries  in  Australia,  the  previously 
prevailing  condition  of  things  has  been  reversed, 
gold  production  having  been  largely  in  excess 
of  that  of  silver.  Since  1S48,  when  gold  was 
first  found  on  this  coast,  the  value  of  all  the 
bullion  turned  out  in  the  countries  lying  west  of 
the  Missouri  river,  and  mostly  within  the  limits 
of  the  United  States,  amounts  to  a  little  over 
$2,000,000,000,  of  which  $1,625,000,000  has 
been  gold  and  only  about  $400,000,000  silver. 
That  is,  there  have  been  added  to  the  common 
stock  of  the  precious  metals  during  the  past  30 
years,  four  times  as  much  gold  as  silver. 

From  1S49  up  till  1862,  when  the  Washoe 
silver  mines  began  to  make  a  notable  yield,  the 
disproportion  was  largely  on  the  side  of  gold. 
From  1862  the  production  of  the  two  metals 
tended  towards  equalization,  that  of  gold, 
which  some  years  before  had  begun  to  fall  off, 
continuing  to  decline  while  silver  increased. 
This  increase  has  not  since  been  so  great,  how- 
ever, as  is  generally  supposed;  first,  because 
the  so-called  silver  mines  have  themselves 
yielded  a  large  percentage  of  gold;  and  secondly, 
because  at  about  the  time  that  the  mines  of 
California  and  Australia  began  to  sharply  con- 
tract their  yield  new  sources  of  gold  production 
were  opened  up,  which  went  far  toward  coun- 
teracting the  falling  off  that  had  occurred  in 
these  countries.  In  1858  British  Columbia  be- 
gan to  contribute  on  the  gold-increasing  side  of 
the  question,  followed  successively  during  the 
next  ten  years  by  Oregon,  Idaho,  Montana  and 
Colorado,  whose  aggregate  output  has  been 
largely  on  the  same  side. 

Nevertheless,  as  before  remarked,  the  gen- 
eral tendency  has  been  towards  equality,  there 
having  been  but  little  difference  between  the 
value  of  the  two  precious  metals  produced  on 
this  coast  for  several  years  past.  Last  year  the 
figures  stood  as  follows:  gold,  $3S,956,231;  sil- 
ver, §38,746,391.  The  preceding  year  the  ratio 
was  about  the  same,  nor  is  it  likely  that  we 
shall  experience  any  wide  departure  from  this 
rate  for  the  present  at  least.  There  will  un- 
questionably occur  hereafter  a  large  absolute 
increase  of  the  precious  metals  throughout  our 
Pacific  States  and  Territories;  the  variations  in 
the  relative  production,  should  any  happen, 
being  in  favor  of  gold.  The  bullion  returns  for 
California  for  1878,  as  compared  with  the  year 
before,  show  au  increase  of  more  than  two 
millions  iu  gold,  and  a  decrease  of  nearly  a 
million  and  a  half  in  silver.  In  Montana  the 
difference,  though  less,  was  the  other  way.  In 
the  other  Pacific  States  and  Territories  there 
has  during  the  past  two  or  three  years  been  but 
little  change  in  this  respect,  Dakota  having 
quite  recently  come  in  as  a  new  gold  factor. 

While  this  equalizing  process  between  the 
precious  metals  has  so  been  in  progress  here, 
nothing  of  the  kind  has  been  going  on  in  the 
other  large  bullion-creating  countries  of  the 
world.  Iu  Australia  no  argentiferous  deposits 
have  been  found  or  at  least  reported,  while,  for 
the  past  few  years,  there  has  been  a  slight  in- 
crease in  the  gold  gatherings  of  that  country, 
partly  through  the  discovery  of  new  fields,  and 
partly  through  a  more  general  and  successful 
working  of  the  quartz  reefs,  of  which  they  have 
great  numbers  and  which  must  ultimately  be- 
come a  source  of  immense  gold  production. 
The  Russian  mines,  in  which  country,  too, 
the  deposits  are  exclusively  auriferous,  turned 
outlast  year  $23,250,000,  it  being  generally  un- 
derstood that  this  industry  is  still  quite  in  its 
infancy  there,  the  methods  and  appliances  em- 
ployed in  mining  being  imperfect  and  vast  re- 
gions remaining  to  be  explored. 

In  Chile  and  various  other  States  of  South 
America  there  exists  extensive  deposits  of 
auriferous  gravel  which,  worked  by  the  hy- 
draulic process,    would  no  doubt   prove  highly 


prolific  and  profitable.  Operations  upon  some 
of  these  deposits  are  about  to  be  commenced, 
with  every  prospect  that  they  will  rapidly  ex- 
tend, and  bringing  enrichment  to  the  owners, 
will  through  them  add  much  to  the  common 
treasury.  In  the  Transvaal  (South  Africa)  gold 
mining  employs  a  considerable  population,  and 
as  they  have  extensive  quartz  reefs  there  also, 
the  business  promises  to  grow  into  a  large,  per- 
manent and  profitable  industry.  In  Georgia, 
Virginia  and  the  Carolinas  gold  mining,  inter- 
rupted by  the  war,  has  lately  been  revived  and 
is  being  extended  at  a  rate  that  will  insure  for 
that  section  of  the  country  no  mean  production 
in  the  course  of  a  few  years. 

As  in  Australia,  Siberia  and  Africa,  so  in  the 
Southern  States  we  hear  nothing  of  silver  lodes 
or  silver  mining,  the  only  countries  where  this 
latter  business  seems  likely  to  undergo  early 
and  marked  enlargement  being  in  Mexico  and 
throughout  certain  States  and  Territories  lying 
in  and  adjacent  to  the  great  interior  basin, 
where  also  gold  production  will  keep  almost 
even  pace  with  silver. 


A  Sub-aqueous  Excavator. 

At  this  time  when  the  navigation  of  our  rivers 
is  being  threatened  with  serious  obstruction 
from  the  formation  of  sand  bars  and  other 
depositions  along  them,  anything  that  will 
enable  us  to  remove  these  impediments  in  a 
cheap  and  effectual  mauuer  cannot  fail  to  be 
regarded  with  general  interest.  In  this  view  of 
the  subject  we  append  a  brief  description  of  a 
steam  dredging  boat,  or  sub-marine  excavator, 
lately  invented  by  Dr.  Thos.  B.  Carr,  of 
Wilmington,  N.  C.  This  dredger  is  constructed 
and  operates  as  follows  :  To  the  bow  of  a  small 
stern-wheel  steamer  is  affixed  through  bearings 
a  strong  upright  iron  bar,  to  the  lower  end  of 
which  is  attached  a  double  mold-board  plow. 
The  upper  end  of  this  bar  forms  a  screw  fur- 
nished with  a  wheel  for  raising  and  lowering  it. 
To  each  wing  of  this  plow  is  pivoted  a  bar  run- 
ning back  and  carrying  a  number  of  single 
mold-board  plows,  these  bars  being  raised  and 
lowered  by  levers  worked  on  the  deck.  By 
means  of  these  levers  and  the  screw  bar  at  the 
bow,  the  entire  gang  of  plows  can  be  lifted  and 
lowered  as  occasion  may  require.  As  the 
steamer  advances  this  set  of  plows  enters  the 
sand  bar  or  material  to  be  removed,  and  stirring 
it  up  the  sediment  is  loosened  and  swept  away 
by  the  current.  Where  the  latter  has  not  suffi- 
cient force  to  accomplish  this,  a  centrifugal 
pump  will  be  used,  with  which  the  material 
will  be  taken  up  and  deposited  iuto  tank  flats, 
or  be  discharged  through  troughs  on  each  side 
of  the  boat,  which  will  carry  it  off  to  a  distance 
of  30  or  40  feet,  making  a-channel  from  60  to 
80  feet  wide.  The  machine,  so  far  as  tested,  has 
been  found  to  work  well,  and  might  perhaps  do 
good  service  in  helping  to  keep  open  navigation 
on  the  Sacramento  and  others  rivers  on  this 
coast. 

t ! 

Arizona's  Copper  Mines. — The  Enterprise 
in  speaking  of  the  very  valuable  deposits  of 
this  mineral,  says:  The  copper  mines  of  Ari 
zona  are  rich  and  extensive,  and  with  the  ad- 
vent of  the  railroad  their  worth  will  be  appre- 
ciated, and  capital  invested  in  them  will  pay 
large  dividends.  These  mines  are  found  in 
every  part  of  the  Territory,  and  wherever  they 
have  been  worked  their  richness  has  been  made 
manifest.  At  Planet,  in  Yuma  county,  the 
mines  have  been  worked  ever  since  1863,  and 
work  only  shut  down  when  copper  suffered  such 
a  fall  in  price  that  they  could"  not  be  made  to 
pay  the  great  cost  of  transportation  and  a  hand- 
some dividend  besides.  But  with  the  adveut 
of  the  railroad,  transportation  becomes  easy, 
and  copper  ore,  which  without  it  would  be 
worthless,  now  becomes  of  some  value.  At 
Clifton  the  mines  have  been  made  to  pay  well, 
although  the  ores  had  to  be  hauled  hundreds  of 
miles  to  the  railway.  In  this  county  and  Mo- 
have county  are  many  copper  mines  which  show 
well,  and,  no  doubt,  before  long  they  will  be  as 
much  sought  after  and  pay  as  large  dividends 
as  the  richest  of  our  gold  and  silver-bearing 
veins.  We  venture  here  to  predict  that  before 
many  years  have  passed  Arizona  will  be  the 
great  copper-producing  section  of  the  United 
States. 

New  Qcjartz  Mill. — A  pair  of  the  new 
Anderson  ore  stamps  have  recently  been  com- 
pleted at  the  Pacific  Iron  Works,  and  are  nearly 
ready  to  run,  on  the  corner  of  Main  and  Harrison 
streets,  in  this  city.  This  mill  is  a  very  ingeni- 
ously devised  one  of  peculiar  construction,  made 
to  run  at  very  high  speed.  It  is  on  an  entirely 
different  principle  from  any  heretofore  con- 
structed, and  looks  as  if  it  would  do  good  work. 
As  soon  as  the  mill  is  running,  we  shall  give  a 
detailed  description  of  its  construction  and 
operation. 

The  Albany  express  recently  ran  over  and 
killed  a  catamount  which  attempted  to  cross 
the  track,  between  Jefferson  and  Marion  sta- 
tions, Oregon. 


The  people  of  Pilot  Kock,  Umatilla  county, 
Oregon,  are  building  a  fort  75x200  feet  for  the 
protection  of  families  in  case  of  an  Indian  war 
during  the  coming  summer. 


The  Perils  of  Stock  Speculation. 

As  a  mining  community  we  on  this  coast  take 
a  just  pride  in  the  rapid  and  effective  manner  iu 
which  we  have  developed  our  various  forms  of 
mineral  wealth  and  made  the  improvements  nec- 
essarily connected  therewith.  We  have,  to  be 
sure,  fallen  into  some  mistakes ;  been  a  little 
wasteful  and  sometimes,  too,  a  little  over-san- 
guine, spending  more  money  than  we  had  count- 
ed upon  and  otherwise  coming  short  of  our  cal- 
culations. But  our  record,  as  a  whole,  is  one  of 
which  we  may  well  feel  proud.  This  is  more 
especially  true  of  what  has  been  accomplished 
on  the  Comstock  mineral  range,  where  we  have 
brought  the  business  of  vein  mining  and  ore  re- 
duction to  its  greatest  perfection,  all  that  is 
best  and  most  advanced  in  the  mining  indus- 
tries of  this  coast  finding  there  apt  illustration. 
It  is  easy  to  find  fault  with  the  manner  in 
which  some  things  have  been  done  even  on  the 
Comstock  belt ;  it  is  easy  for  those  who  have 
had  no  practical  connection  with  the  working 
of  these  mines  to  criticise  the  men  upon  whom 
the  onerous  duties  growing  out  of  their  man- 
agement  have  been  imposed.  But  it  is  doubt- 
ful if  any  set  of  men  could  or  would  have  done 
the  work  any  better.  It  was  no  ordinary  task 
these  men  had  to  perform,  and  if  sometimes 
they  feU  into  minor  errors  these  are  not  to  be 
held  up  as  evidence  of  incompetence  nor  com- 
mented upon  in  a  censorious  spirit. 

But  while  the  business  management  of  the 
mines  as  well  as  their  financial  administration 
has  been  so  generaUy  unexceptionable,  there 
has  been  a  system  of  stock  operations  practiced 
in  their  names  and  ostensibly  for  their  benefit, 
that  will  bear  and  even  invites  sharp  criticism,' 
and  which,  for  the  good  of  the  large  class  who 
have  suffered  through  the  same  as  well  as  for 
the  credit  and  true  interests  of  the  mines  them- 
selves; should  meet  with  reproof  and  find  early 
abatement. 

In  looking  over  the  transactions  of  the  San 
Francisco  Stock  Board  for  1878,  it  will  be  no- 
ticed that  the  fluctuations  in  the  prices  of  the 
leading  Comstock  shares  have  been  sharp  and 
frequent,  these  prices  going  up  on  occasions  all 
at  once  from  three  to  six,  and  even  eight  or 
nine  hundred  per  cent.,  and  then  relapsing  to 
former  figures  quite  as  suddenly,  no  correspond- 
ing change,  and,  iu  fact,  no  change  whatever, 
having  meantime  occurred  in  the  condition  or 
prospects  of  the  mines.  In  a  few  instances,  as 
in  the  case  of  the  Sierra  Nevada,  the  Ophir, 
and  two  or  three  other  mines  perhaps,  notable 
improvements  have  occurred,  but  even  here  the 
mining  outlook  has  had  bnt  little  to  do  with 
these  rapidly  advancing  and  receding  prices, 
which  have  been  brought  about  generally 
through  extrinsic  and  foreign  causes;  having 
taken  place  not  only  in  the  shares  of  mines  that 
showed  no  change,  but  also  in  those  that  were 
not  being  worked  at  all. 

These  movements  were,  for  the  most  part, 
based  upon  nothing  substantial  or  tangible, 
having  been  effected  through  the  machinery 
commonly  employed  for  influencing  the  stock 
market;  and  yet  they  caused  the  prices  of  Com- 
stock shares  to  fluctuate  in  the  course  of  a  sin- 
gle month  to  the  extent  of  many  millions.  It 
is  probable  that  an  inventory  of  these  shares 
might  have  been  taken  at  several  periods  in  the 
course  of  the  year  that  would  have  showed  a 
difference  of  from  thirty  to  fifty  million  dollars 
in  their  aggregate  nominal  value. 

To  speculate  in  a  species  of  securities  liable 
to  undergo  such  extreme  and  sudden  changes 
irrespective  of  their  intrinsic  merits,  must  nec- 
essarily be  a  hazardous  business  to  one  not  in- 
formed as  to  the  manner  in  which  these  changes 
are  brought  about,  nor  likely  to  be  advised  as 
to  the  time  of  their  occurrence.  To  most  per- 
sons of  smaU  means  dealings  in  these  shares  are 
therefore  to  be  avoided.  The  rich  and  well-to- 
do,  with  their  superior  opportunities  for  obtain- 
ing correct  information,  both  as  regards  the 
condition  of  the  mines  and  these  inside  move- 
ments, and  with  their  ability  to  better  sustain 
losses,  should  they  occur,  can  afford  to  take 
these  chances;  but  not  the  poor  man,  who,  if 
he  desires  to  invest  his  money  in  this  direction, 
should  purchase  shares  in  only  productive,  divi- 
dend-paying mines;  or  better,  perhaps,  if  he 
does  not  care  to  go  into  the  business  himself, 
to  become  one  of  a  small  company  to  buy  a 
cheap  mine  already  opened,  or  to  locate  one, 
and  having  put  it  in  shape,  work  it  on  joint  ac- 
count. The  development  of  the  Comstock  lode 
is  a  heavy  job,  and  should  be  left  to  the  rich 
and  experienced,  who  will  be  able  to  manage  it 
without  the  assistance  of  those  who  are  igno- 
rant of  the  business,  and  have  little  to  spare; 
and  whose  aid,  while  it  can  do  little  towards  ac- 
complishing the  main  object,  may  be  the  means 
of  impoverishing  the  contributors  in  the  end. 

Artesian  Wells. — One  of  the  Pierce  Well 
Excavators,  which  we  recently|illustrated  in  the 
Mining  and  Scientific  Press,  has  been 
brought  from  the  East  by  the  California  Arte- 
sian WeU  and  Mining  Co.,  202  Sansome  street, 
and  is  now  at  work  on  a  well  at  the  Odd  EeUows' 
cemetery.  Only  the  earth  auger  is  at  present 
being  worked,  no  rock  having  yet  been  met 
with.  The  whole  apparatus,  however,  is  ready 
for  work  to  suit  any  kind  of  rock.  It  is  all 
run  by  horse  power. 

The  Alaska  Indians  are  rapidly  preparing  for 
war.  The  colonists  are  protected  by  the  vessels 
Osprey  and  Oliver   Wolcott. 


March  22,  1879. j 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


185 


Arizona.— No.  1. 

Capt.  Wm.  H.  Seamans,  who  has  recently 
returned  from  Arizona,  has  kindly  furnished  u» 
many  interesting  nutes  from  different  parts  of 
Arizona  visited  by  hiiu,  which  we  shall  give 
briefly  in  this  and  future  numbers  of  the  Press. 
In  the  Brads  haw  Mountains. 

The  mountains  known  in  Arizona  by  this 
general  name,  comprise  a  group  of  ranges  of  dif- 
ferent titles  bestowed  by  the  Spanish  occupants 
of  the  country,  which  may  be  described  as  the 
continuation  of  the  Sierra  Madreof  Mexico,  aud 
as  terminating  toward  the  northwest  at  the 
great  bend  of  the  Colorado  river  near  Callville, 
and  to  the  Bonth  this  particular  range  falls 
away  into  the  great  plain  bordering  upon  the 
Salt  aud  Gila  rivers.  They  are  in  some  re- 
spects related  to  the  Sierra  Nevada,  forming 
the  western  rim  of  the  Colorado  plateau;  and 
containing    granitic 


rocks    with   metalliferous 


lodes. 

These  mountains  are  full  of  gold  and  silver- 
bearing  veins,  with  a  strong  sprinkling  of  iron 
and  copper.  And,  perhaps  it  is  best  to  say,  in 
the  beginning,  that  they  have  not  yet  been 
sufficiently  developed  throughout,  to  demon- 
strate which  mines  will  be  finally  worked  to  the 
greatest  satisfaction  of  the  stockholder.  The 
reader  may  form  his  own  opinions  of  that  sub- 
ject from  the  facts. 

I  have  visited  probably  a  hundred  mines  and 
mining  claims  in  the  Bradshaws  in  company 
with  Prof.  James  Cherry,  a  tine  geologist  and 
mining  engineer,  traveling  with  him  nearly  200 
miles  and  having  the  benefit  of  his  knowledge 
and  experience  in  mines  and  mining,  which  was 
exceedingly  interesting  and  instructive  to  me. 
The  Bradshaw  region  is  divided  into  various 
mining  districts — the  Peck,  Tiger,  Lynx  Creek, 
Turkey  Creek,  and  Hassayampa,  besides  nu- 
merous others. 

The  Tiger  mine  is  the  representative  mine  in 
the  Bradshaws,  and  it  is  attracting  more 
attention,  perhaps,  at  present,  than  any 
other  mine  in  that  region,  having  given 
its  name  to  the  district.  It  is  41  miles 
south  of  Prescott,  and  is  reached  by 
staging  31  miles,  and  the  balance  of  the 
distance,  10  miles,  by  trail.  The  Tiger 
is  located  in  the  heart  of  the  Bradshaw 
range.  It  has  a  vein  75  feet  wide  be- 
tween the  walls,  the  ore  body  in  the 
aggregate  being  about  1 2  feet  thick. 
There  are  two  main  ore  bodies  in  two  t__ 
different  seams,  besides  several  mineral- 
bearing  stringers.  The  hanging  wall  is 
of  slate  and  the  foot  wall  of  granite. 

The  present  working  shaft  is  down  200 
feet.  They  have  in  the  aggregate  2,000 
feet  of  drifts  and  tunnels  run,  exposing 
a  sulphuret  ore  rich  in  native  silver,  of 
which  the  company  claim  to  have  over 
300  tons  on  the  dump  expected  to  run 
$500  a  ton.  They  have  just  completed 
new  and  powerful  hoisting  works,  and 
are  sinking  a  new  shaft  which  it  is  in- 
tended to  carry  down  to  a  depth  of  1,000 
to  1,400  feet,  in  order  to  strike  the  ore 
body  where  the  various  seams  and 
stringers  are  expected  to  come  together. 
They  have  under  contract  and  now  on 
the  way  a  ten-stamp  mill,  and  a  White's 
roaster,  which,  it  is  expected,  will  be  in 
operation    about    the    middle    of    May  • 

The  superintendent  of  the  Tiger,  Mr.  Helm, 
says  he  expects  to  give  back  to  the  stockholders 
iu  about  six  weeks  after  starting  his  mill,  all 
the  money  they  have  invested,  amounting  to 
$200,000.  I  know  of  a  mining  engineer  who 
offered  to  put  up  a  $75,000  mill  on  their  mine  for 
them  if  they  would  give  him  the  first  thirty 
days'  run,  and  they  declined  the  offer.  There 
are  now  employed  on  the  Tiger  about  fifty  men, 
which  in  addition  to  those  engaged  in  putting 
up  the  mill  and  placing  the  machinery,  makes 
the  Tiger  one  of  the  most  lively  mining  camps 
in  this  part  of  the  Territory.  There  are  two 
boarding  houses,  both  full,  and  it  is  difficult  to 
get  accommodations  of  any  sort  on  account  of 
the  number  of  people  coming  in. 

It  is  an  exceedingly  hard  camp  to  reach,  be- 
ing enoompassed  by  high  mountains,  and  is 
reached  from  the  east  by  a  difficult  trail  from 
the  Peck  mine,  ten  miles,  or  from  the  west  by 
the  Walnut  Grove  road,  which  in  places  is  al- 
most perpendicular.  The  elevation  of  the 
Tiger  is  about  6,500  feet. 

At  the  time  I  was  there  it  was  closed  to  all 
outsiders.  I  got  my  facts  mainly  from  the  su- 
perintendent himself,  but  had  them  corrobo- 
rated by  outside  information,  so  that  they  may 
be  depended  upon  as  correct. 

The  other  mines  in  the  neighborhood  of 
the  Tiger  are  the  Hammond  and  Riggs, 
which,  is  a  prolongation  of  the  Tiger  ledge  to- 
ward the  northeast,  and  into  which  a  tunnel 
has  been  run  to  a  considerable  distance,  show- 
ing very  favorable  indications.  There  is  also 
the  Linn  and  the  California,  which  claim  to 
be  upon  the  Tiger  ledge.  I  think,  however, 
that  they  are  mistaken  in  that  supposition. 
They  also  show  favorable  indications,  and  have 
been  opened  to  a  considerable  extent. 

We  will  furnish  our  readers  with  a  birdseye 
view  of  Arizona,  in  a  series  of  articles  in  the 
ensuing  numbers  of  the  Press, 

There  is  now  nearly  $1,000,000  in  silver 
coins  stored  away  in  the  vaults  of  the  U.  S. 
Mint  in  Carson  City. 

President  Grevy  has  signed  a  decree  pardon- 
ing 151  communists, 


Boiler  Explosions.— No.  3. 

[Written  (or  the  Pkbss  by  H.  W.  Rich.] 
Engineers  who  philosophize  upon  the  causes 
of  boiler  explosions,  are  actuated  by  different 
motives.  While  one  does  so  with  the  sole  in- 
tention of  showing  how  much  he  knows,  another 
labors  earnestly  to  elucidate  or  demonstrate 
some  favorite  theory,  which  he  claims  to  be  the 
only  true  cause  of  every  explosion.  Any  nar- 
row-mindedness is  fraught  with  great  danger,  as 
such  ideas  coming  before  the  minds  of  unskilled 
persons,  carry  weight  which  is  likely  to  preju- 
dice sound  judgment.  One  engineer  argues  and 
maintains  that  a  boiler  working  under  full  pres- 
sure, carrying  its  full  amount  of  water,  can 
have  the  water  driven  entirely  away  from  the 
sides  of  its  furnace  plates  by  heat  from  a  coal  or 
wood  fire.  In  this  case,  steam  is  formed  be- 
tween the  hot  plates  and  the  water  inside,  and 
the  water  is  not  allowed  to  touch  or  come  in 
contact  with  the  iron.  No  harm  can  come  from 
believing  this  theory,  as  it  would  cause  the 
boiler-maker  to  be  careful  and  have  large  heat- 
ing surface  and  distribute  the  heat  equally  over 
it,  and  would  caution  the  engineer  against  over- 
working his  boiler.  The  theory  that  some  won- 
derfully explosive  gas  collects  in  boilers,  is  a 
favorite  one  with  those  who  are  pleased  to  ex- 
plain everything  as  very  strange  or  mysterious. 
We  know  that  water  is  composed  of  only  two 
elements,  always  found  in  exactly  the  same  pro- 
portions, and  whether  we  call  it  "protoxide  of 
hydrogen"  or  "aqua  fluvialis,"  ft  does  not 
change  the  fact  that  it  is  water,  and  is  composed 
of  oxygen  and  hydrogen  only.  It  is  true  there 
is  in  rain-water  the  least  presence  of  nitric  acid, 
in  combination  with  ammonia,  and  water  almost 
always  contains  a  little  organic  matter;  but  with 
all  the  research  that  has  been  made,  no  demon- 


had  not  been  done  to  correct  the  incline  and  level  the 
engine.  Some  threshing  hud  been  done,  possibly  hat/  an 
huur'H  work,  when  a  stop  was  necessitated  by  the  fall  of 
the  bell  I'll  the  ftv-whoeL  Upon  making  the  start  after 
adjusting  the  belt,  the  blow-up  occurred.  The  force  of 
the  burst  was  terrific.  No  time  for  thought  or  reflection, 
or  preseuce  of  mind.  A  crack  and  u  baiin,  and  ail  irasover. 
Tli rev  men  were  pitched  off  iheir  feet  and  rolled  down  the 
hillside  half  stupefied;  another  was  shot  into  the  air  and 
fell  full  CO  feet  from  the  engine—  this  was  the  unfortunate 

fireman.  The  engine  bounded  nearly  60  paces,  and  fell, 
wheels  uppermost    The  ooncusaion  was  so  great  thai 

the  men   working  on  the  derrick   wagon  and  separator 

were  struck  down  like  so  many  tenpins.    targe 

iron  were  projected  with  such  force  at  the  separator 
machine,  on  to  break  several  parts  of  it.  A  piece  of  iron 
weighing  quite  50   pound.?,  \v:i*  il  ,  over  the 

separator,  and  fell  193  feet  beyond." 

It  would  seem  from  these  recitals  that  this 
was  one  of  the  mysteries  which  could  not  be 
explained.  If  there  are  no  mistakes,  then  it  is 
not  safe  to  have  steam  boilers,  and  we  are  liable 
to  wake  up  in  eternity  at  any  moment  when  we 
are  passing  them,  though  they  be  carrying  only 
a  moderate  pressure.  It  may  not  be  inappro- 
priate to  assert  that  there  is  undoubtedly  a  true 
cause  for  every  explosion.  If  the  bearings  and 
circumstances  are  carefully  studied  the  mystery 
would  dissolve  like  dew  in  a  sunny  morning. 


The  Sutro  Compromise. 

A  final  agreement  between  Mr.  Sutro  and  the 
Comstock  mining  companies  was  arrived  at  on 
Monday  last,  and  will  go  into  effect  as  soon  as 
the  papers,  which  are  now  being  drafted,  can  be 
signed,  sealed  and  delivered.  The  terms  of  the 
compromise  are  not  to  be  made  public  till  after 
the  signing,  but  it  is  generally  understood  that 
they  are  in  substance  the  same  aB  the  agreement 
drawn  up  aud  rejected  some  time  ago.  All  the 
mines  interested  in  the  tunnel  are  included, 
and  some  concessions  have  been  made  on  both 
sides.  Among  the  terms  inserted  is  a  clause  to 
the  effect  that  the  companies  shall  furnish  1,000 
men  toward  the   construction  of  the  sub-drain, 


P.    S.    RUSSELL'S    IMPROVED     CULTIVATOR. 


stration  of  the  existence  of  substances  capable 
of  producing  explosive  compounds  has  been 
made. 

I  believe  that  we  are  warranted  in  the  con- 
clusion that  explosions  are  caused  either,  first, 
by  faulty  construction;  second,  by  carelessness 
or  recklessness  in  the  management;  third,  by 
lack  of  knowledge  and  skill.  It  would  be  a 
glorious  privilege  if  there  was  a  department  in 
schools  where  instruction  could  be  had,  and 
where  practice  with  working  engines  and  boilers 
could  be  obtained  and  their  actual  working  seen 
and  demonstrated.  It  would  certainly  be  of 
more  importance  in  saving  the  lives  of  men  than 
the  practice  of  students  in  civil  engineering, 
surveying  and  other  branches  of  science  where 
no  lives  are  in  danger  from  mistakes  caused  by 
lack  or  want  of  skill  m  the  art. 

A  singular  explosion  of  a  threshing  boiler — 
according  to  statements  obtained — occurred  near 
Livermore,  a  few  years  ago,  which  killed  the 
fireman,  and  made  almost  a  worthless  wreck  of 
the  whole  machinery.  We  saw  the  wreck  after 
it  had  been  removed  to  our  city,  and  the  par- 
ticulars of  the  affair  were  obtained  from  its 
owner,  who  was  an  eye-witness  of  the  explo- 
sion. As  he  claims  to  be  a  mechanical  engineer, 
practical  in  the  use  of  boilers,  and  acted  the 
part  of  an  expert  at  the  Coroner's  inquest,  we 
will  give  his  own  version,  with  his  theories: 
The  boiler  was  furnished  with  a  gauge  or  water 
glass  on  each  end  and  two  sets  of  gauge-cocks. 
It  also  had  two  steam  gauges,  one  on  each  end  of 
the  boiler.  Some  time  before  the  explosion  it 
had  been  used  with  150  pounds  pressure  for  two 
days.  At  the  time  it  exploded  the  gauges 
showed  79  pounds.  This  he  saw  himself  not 
over  one  minute  before  the  explosion  took  place. 
He  is  confident  that  the  whole  machine  was 
raised  to  a  hight  of  100  feet  in  the  air;  at  least 
it  so  appeared  to  him,  and  as  it  dropped  on  to 
ground  lower  than  where  it  stood  when  it 
started,  it  was  not  in  very  goodaorder  for  busi- 
ness. We  extract  the  following  from  the  Liv- 
erraore  Enterprise,  August  12th,  1876: 

"The  cause  of  the  disaster,  as  stated  by  the  engineer, 
appears  to  have  been  the  unlevel  situation  of  the  engine. 
The  ground  where  the  engine  stood,  was  sloping1,  and  it 
was  supposed  that  sufficient  blocking-up  on  the  lower  end 


for  the  completion  of  which  90  days'  time  is 
given.  There  is  no  reason  to  believe  that  the 
execution  of  trie  contract  will  be  deferred  more 
than  two  or  three  days,  and  immediately  on  its 
ratification  the  mine  managers  will  take  steps 
towards  utilizing  the  tunnel.  At  least  400  men 
will  be  set  to  work  on  the  sub-drain,  and  work 
on  lateral  shafts  will  also  be  commenced. 

This  will  give  eznployment  to  many  miners 
now  idle,  and  caYuse  the  news  of  the  compromise 
to  be  hailed  with  earnest  satisfaction  by  a  large 
class  of  people.  It  will  probably  be  a  month 
or  more,  however,  before  the  flooded  mines  can 
be  drained,  for  at  least  that  time  is  required  for 
the  completion  of  the  sub-drain  and  the  setting 
up  of  the  necessary  machinery  for  pumping  out 
the  water. 


Geological  Puzzles. — Prof.  L.  E.  Hicks  has 
discovered  a  boulder  of  hard,  gritty  sandstone, 
ten  inches  in  diameter,  in  a  seam  of  coal  at  New 
Straitsville,  Ohio.  Two  other  similar  geologi- 
cal puzzles  are  on  record.  Prof.  E.  B.  Andrews 
notices  a  quartzite  boulder,  which  had  been 
turned  up  from  the  Nelsonville  seam  at  Zaleski, 
Vinton  county.  He  attributes  its  transporta- 
tion from  the  margin  of  the  sort  of  sea  in  which 
the  coal  was  formed  to  the  position  it  occupied 
at  the  time  it  was  excavated  to  floating  ice. 
Prof.  J.  S.  Newbury  speaking  of  the  talcose 
slate  boulder  found  in  a  coal  seam  in  Wyoming 
county,  Pa.,  thinks  it  was  brought  there  by  be- 
ing entangled  in  the  roots  of  trees,  and  thus 
floated  and  dropped. 


A  Bruckner  Pulverizing  Barrel,  for  crushing 
ores,  has  been  set  up  at  the  Central  mills,  on 
Berry  street,  between  Fourth  and  Fifth,  and  is 
now  at  work.  Mining  men  will  do  well  to  ex- 
amine this  barrel,  which  has  been  very  success- 
ful wherever  tried. 


The  Tulare  valley  farmers  are  arming  and 
organizing  military  companies  under  the. State 
provisions,  to  resist  the  occupation  of  their 
lands  by  corporations. 


Russell's  Cultivator. 

An  engraving  on  this  page  shows  an  improved 
cultivator,  recently  patented  through  the  Min- 
ing and  Scientific  Press  Patent  Agency,  by 
Prior  S.  Russell,  of  Riverside,  San  Bernardino 
county.  This  is  a  wheel  cultivator,  and  the 
frame  carrying  the  teeth  is  arranged  so  as  to 
lift  the  teeth  from  the  ground.  The  engraving 
shows  one  side  raised  aud  the  other  down,  bo 
as  to  illustrate  the  two  different  positions. 

The  central  beam  is  supported  on  the  axles 
and  wheels,  the  rear  axle  being  made  short  so 
that  the  wheels  may  be  inside  the  timbers  or 
wings  which  carry  the  teeth. 

A  tongue  is  attached  to  the  front  axles,  to 
which  the  horses  are  harnessed,  so  that  the 
driver  on  his  seat  has  complete  control  over  the 
cultivator,  the  front  axle  being  swiveled  to  the 
beam,  and  the  cultivator  can  be  guided  with 
great  ease. 

The  cultivator  proper,  formed  of  the  two 
beams  or  wings,  is  A~*naped.  The  front  ends 
have  curved  bars  attached  to  them,  which  bars 
are  pivoted  on  the  bolt  on  the  beam,  as  shown, 
so  that  the  wings  may  be  raised  and  lowered  at 
will.  At  the  rear  ends  of  the  wings  are  the 
brace-bars,  pivoted  to  the  rear  end  of  the  beam. 
In  the  center  of  each  wing  is  an  upright  rod, 
fastened  to  the  hand-levers,  which  levers  are 
pivoted  to  the  central  beam,  as  shown,  and 
ratchet-bars  on  the  central  beam  lock  the  levere 
in  any  desired  position,  bo  that  the  side  wings 
may  be  kept  down  or  up,  as  desired.  This 
raising  and  lowering  of  the  side  wings  is  possi- 
ble for  the  reason  that  they  are  pivoted  or 
hinged  to  the  center  beam  at  both  ends.  As 
these  wings  can  be  raised  entirely  clear  of  the 
ground,  the  cultivator  can  travel  to  and  from 
the  field  with  great  facility. 

Either  wing  may  be  moved  independently 
when  at  work,  to  clear  it  of  weeds  or  raise  it 
over  rocks  or  other  obstructions.  At 
the  rear  end  of  the  brace-bars  on  each 
side  extends  downward  a  rod,  at  the 
lower  end  of  which  is  secured  a  knife  or 
blade,  the  other  end  of  which  is  fastened 
to  the  rear  tooth  of  the  wing.  These 
blades  or  kniveB  are  secured  in  such  a 
manner,  that,  when  the  side  wings  are 
down  and  at  work,  the  knives  move  hori- 
zontally through  the  earth  and  cut  off 
any  weeds  which  may  have  escaped  the 
teeth,  leaving  the  ground  perfectly  clean. 
The  wheels  are  made  broad  on  the  face, 
so  as  not  to  sink  into  the  ground  or 
allow  the  cultivator  teeth  to  go  too  deep. 
The  teeth  are  made  with  their  points  in- 
clined, so  as  to  turn  or  break  the  soil  up 
as  they  are  dragged  through  it;  but  the 
wheels  prevent  their  digging  so  deep  as 
to  make  a  heavy  draft  for  the  team. 

The  arrangement  of  the  wings  with 
teeth  and  cutters,  so  as  to  be  raised  clear 
of  the  ground,  enables  the  operator  to 
travel  to  and  from  the  field  with  facility, 
and  either  wing  can  be  raised  while  at 
work  and  cleared  of  weeds  or  rubbish. 
Any  weeds  which  escape  the  teeth  are 
cut  by  the  cutters,  so  that  the  field  is 
thoroughly  cultivated. 

This  cultivator  is  intended  principally 
for  orchards  and  vineyard  work.  It 
pulverizes  the  ground  to  the  depth  of 
four  or  five  inches,  at  the  will  of  the  operator ; 
and  by  means  of  the  tongue  and  seat  the  driver 
has  complete  control  over  his  team  and  machine, 
thereby  being  able  to  work  close  to  the  rows  of 
trees  or  vines  without  injuring  them.  For 
further  information,  the  inventor  may  be  ad- 
dressed as  above. 


The  Quicksilver  Mines  of  Old  Spain. — 
We  have  received  a  pamphlet  of  some  50  pages, 
being  a  memoir  prepared  by  M.  H.  Kuss  on 
the  "Quicksilver  Mines  and  Works  of  Al- 
maden."  The  contents  of  this  pamphlet,  trans- 
lated from  the  French  by  S.  B.  Christy,  ap- 
peared originally  in  a  series  of  articles  pub- 
lished in  the  Mining  and  Scientific  Press, 
where  they  awakened  so  much  interest  as  to 
justify  their  collection  and  reissue  in  the  above 
form.  This  little  work  gives  a  full,  intelligent 
and  reliable  account  of  the  geological  deposits  at 
Almaden,  as  well  also  as  a  complete  description 
of  the  exploitation  of  these  celebrated  mines, 
their  administration  and  history,  and  the  met- 
allurgy of  mercury  as  practiced  there.  The 
book  can  be  obtained  from  the  publishers, 
Dewey  &  Co.,  No.  202  Sanspme  street,  S.  F., 
who  forward  it  for  50  cents  per  copy,  post-paid. 


Hercules  Powder. — We  call  the  attention 
of  our  mining  readers  accustomed  to  use  high 
explosives  to  the  card  of  the  Hercules  Powder 
Company,  which  appears  in  another  column. 
We  have  received  this  week  a  pamphlet  which 
appears  to  contain  a  great  deal  of  information 
concerning  Hercules  powder  and  other  high  ex- 
plosives, and  to  which  we  shall  refer  after  hav- 
ing an  opportunity  for  a  more  careful  examina- 
tion. 


Six.  murderers  were  hanged  on  the  14th, 
two  in  Oregon,  one  in  this  State  and  three  in 
New  England.  Capital  punishment  appears  to 
be  gaining  favor. 


About  6,000  people  were   drowned  by  the 
Szegedin  flood. 


186 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[March  22,  1879. 


Scientific  Press 


Our  U.S.  and  Foreign  Patent 
Agency  presents  many  and  im- 
portant advantages  as  a  Home 
Agency  over  all  others,  by  rea- 
son of  long  establishment,  great 
experience,  thorough  system  and 
intimate  acquaintance  with  the 
subjects  of  inventions  in  our 
new  community.  All  worthy  in- 
ventions patented  through  our 
Agency  will  have  the  benefit  of 
a  description  or  an  illustration 
and  explanation  in  the  Mining 
and  Scientific  Press  or  the  Pa- 
cific Rural  Press.  We  trans- 
act every  branch  of  Patent  busi- 
ness, and  obtain  Patents  in  all 
civilized  countries.  The  large 
majority  of  U.  S.  and  Foreign 
Patents  granted  to  inventors  on 
the  Pacific  Coast  have  been  ob- 
tained through  our  Agency.  The 
files  of  cases  and  official  records 
in  our  office,  our  patent  law  and 
scientific  library  (already  the  lar 
gest  west  of  the  Mississippi),  are 
constantly  increasing.  These  fa- 
cilities, with  the  accumulation  of 
information  of  special  importance 
to  our  home  inventors,  by  the 
experience  of  its  proprietors  in 
an  extensive  and  long  continued 
personal  practice,  gives  them 
combined  advantages  greater 
than  any  other  agents  can  possi- 
bly offer  to  Pacific  Coast  invent- 
ors. Circulars  of  advice,  free. 
DEWEY  &    CO., 

Patent   Solicitors 

No.  202   Sansome  St..  S.  F. 


A  Library  for  Inventors, 

We  have  at  our  patent  offices,  No.  202  Sansome  street 
corner  Pine,  a  complete  set  of  Patent  Office  reports,  con- 
taining engravings 'and  claims  of  evert  i*atest  ever 
issued  in  the  United  States. 

We  have  also  a  complete  set  of  the  monthly  volumes 
issued  by  the  Department,  with  full  detailed  description 
and  large  drawings  of  all  the  patents  issued  since  the  time 
when  these  volumes  were  first  published. 

A  set  of  all  the  law  bookb  on  patents  is  also  on  our 
shelves  ready  for  reference.  We  have  also  the  British 
Commissioners  reports,  Canadian  Patent  Office  reports  lor 
all  British  North  America,  full  files  of  MiNma  and  Scien- 
tific Puess,  Pacific  Rural  Press,  Scientific  American, 
Scientific  A  merica n  supplement,  A  mcrican  A  rtisa n 
and  other  American  and  foreign  scientific  and 
mechanical  journals,  as  well  as  mechanical  dictionaries 
chemistries,  encyclopedias,  and  oLher  works  of  reference. 

Inventors  and  patentees  are  welcome  to  examine  at 
their  leisure  any  of  the  hooks  in  the  above  sets,  and  wo 
shall  beglad  to  give  them  any  assistance  in  hunting  up 
what  they  want. 

Our  library  is  the  most  complete  of  its  kind  on  ths 
Pacific  Coast  in  every  respect,  and  we  are  continually  add- 
ing to  it  as  occasion  demands.  DEWEY  &.  CO.," 
Patent  Agents  and  Publishers, 
NO.  202  Sansome  street,  corner  Pine,  San  Francisco 


IngersoII  Rock  Drills. 

In  use  in    the    largest    and  best 
Mines  of  the  Coast. 

HAS    AUTOMATIC  FEED. 

Has  less  Repairs. 

Is  Lighter  and  more  Easily  Ad- 
justed than  any  other  Drill. 
Our  DRY  AIR  COMPRESSORS  are  the  most  Economical  Compressors  in  the  Market, 

MINERS'  HORSE-POWER. 


This  Power  is  especially  adapted  to  working  mines,   hoist 
ing  coal  or  building  material,  etc.    It  will  do  the  work  of  a 
Steam  Engine  with  one-tenth  the  expense.    One  Horse  ca 
easily  hoist  over  1,000  pounds  at  a  depth  of  500  feet. 

The  Power  is  mainly  built  of  wrought  iron,  and  cannot  be 
affected  by  exposure.  The  hoisting-drum  is  thrown  out  of 
gear  by  the  lever,  while  the  load  is  held  in  place  with  a  brake 
by  the  mau  tending  bucket.  The  frame  of  the  Power  is 
bolted  to  bed-timbers,  thus  avoiding  all  frame  work.  When 
required  these  Powers  are  made  in  sections  for  packing. 


REYNOLDS,   RIX   &   CO.,  18  &  20   Fremont  St.,  San  Francisco. 


SAVE    YOUR    GOLD! 


Highly  Important  to  Miners  and  Quartz  Mill  Men! 

SILVER    PLATED    AMALGAMATING    PLATES. 

The  best  process  yet  discovered  for  saving  tine  or  float  gold.  Extensively  used  with  great 
success  in  gravel  and  placer  mining  in  various  parts  of  the  Pacific  Coast.  Over  five  hundred 
orders  have  been  filled,  and  the  demand  is  constantly  increasing.  A  large  number  of  these  Plates 
were  seut  to  Snake  River  mines,  Idaho,  last  year,  and  a  great  many  orders  are  being  rilled  for 
them  this  season.  Circulars  containing  full  instructions  for  working  these  Plates  sent  with  each 
order.  Old  Mining  Plates  bought  or  taken  in  exchange  for  new  Silver  Plated  Plates,  and  full 
value  allowed.  Gold  extracted  from  old  Plates  at  a  moderate  cost  by  a  new  and  economical  pro- 
cess.    Old  Plates  (which  often  contain  a  surplus  of  gold  above  the  cost  of  plating)  can  be  re-plated. 

With  the  most  extensive  facilities  on  the  Pacific  Coast,  orders  can  be  filled  very  promptly 
and  satisfaction  guaranteed. 

Mining-  Men  and  the  public  generally  are  cautioned  against  unprincipled  and  irre- 
sponsible parties  traveling1  through  the  country,  endeavoring  to  secure  orders  for  very 
inferior  qualities  of  Silver  Plated  Mining  Plates. 

SAN  FRANCISCO  GOLD,  SILVER,  NICKEL  AND  COPPER  PLATING  WORKS, 

Noa.   6b3  and  655  Mission  Street.   San   Francisco,   Cal. 
EDWARD    G.    DENNISTON, PROPRIETOR. 


D.  F.  HUTCHINGS. 


D.  M.  DUNNE. 


J.  SANDERSON 


IFZHZCEZLNTTIX:    OIL    WOIR/IKZS, 

HUTCHINGS     <fc     CO., 

OIL    and    COMMISSION    MERCHANTS, 

Manufacturers  and  Dealers  in  Sperm,  Whale,  Lard,  Machinery  and  Illuminating  Oils. 
517    FRONT    STREET     SAN    FRANCISCO. 


CAUTION 

To  Hydraulic  Miners. 

The  public  generally  and  Hydraulic  Miners  especially 
are  hereby  notified  that  any  parties  making  or  using  the 
contrivance  known  as  the  HOSIUN  DEFLECTOR  will  be 
prosecuted  to  the  full  extent  of  the  law,  said  machine 
having  been  declared  by  the  U.  S.TJireuit  Court  an  in- 
fringement upon  my  patent,  the 

Bloomfield  Deflecting  Nozzle. 

The  public  are  also  cautioned  against  using  the  Hoskin 
Deflector  because  of  its  danger  to  life  and  limb,  this  de 
vice  having  already  occasioned  several  deaths  and  other 
serious  accidents.  The  BLOOMFIELD  DEFLECTOR  is 
entirely  safe,  its  two  and  a  half  years  use  without  acci- 
dent, as  well  as  its  construction,  proves  it  to  be  a  reliable 
contrivance. 

Any  parties  wishiDg  to  purchase  the  right  to  use  tbese 
Deflectors  can  do  so  by  applying  to  the  undersigned, 

HENRY  C.  PERKINS, 
North  Bloomfield,  Nevada  Co.,  Oil.,  Octo- 
ber 1st,  1878. 


1  PALACE 

Iestauran 


This  elegant  and  spa 
cious  S.  F.  Restaurant 
has  been  re-opened  with 
superior  bill  of  fare  dai- 

Good  Living  at 
Re'duced  Prices 


21S  Sansome  St. 


ly,  and  is  now  the  best 
andmost  popular  dining 
saloon  on  this  Coast. 
[Lunch  ready  at  10  A.  M.]  Resident  business  men  and  visi- 
tors from  abroad  will  be  wise  in  giving  this  place  an  early 
call.     Examine  bill  of  fare  and  prices. 

HERMAN  H.  HORST,  Prop'r. 


LUND 

convenient. 


Good  land  that  will  raise  a  crop  every 
year. '  Over  R,000  acres  for  sale  in  lots  to 
suit.    CLmate  healthy.    No  drouths,  bad 
floods,    nor  malaria.     Wood   and  water 
U.  S  Title,  perfect.     Send   stamp  for  illus- 
trated   circular,    to -EDWARD    FRISBIE,    Proprietor  of 
Reading  Ranch,  Anderson,  Shasta  County,  Cal. 


Dewey  &  Co {2s°o2mesl?1  Patent  Ag'ts 


AETESIAN 

AND 

SURFACE 

Well- Boring 

TOOLS. 

Manufactured  by  the 

Rust  Weil  Auger 

COMPANY, 

OF   MACON,   MO. 

L.ER3  and  .DRILLS  from  best  wrought 
nd  steel.    Shafting  is  2-inch  gas  pipe. 
jfl    Couplings  are  round  plugs  fitted  inside  the 
pipe.     Drills  fitted   for  rope  or  pole.     All 
tools  warranted,  and  sold  for  less  money 
than  can  be'got  elsewhere. 
Send  for  Circular.  O.    RUST,  Macon,  Mo. 


JOHN    A.    CHURCH, 
MINING    ENGINEER, 


COLUMBUS,  OHIO. 


PRINTER'S   PROOF  PRESS, 

COMPLETE    AND    IN    GOOD    WORKING     ORDER, 
For  Sale  at  this  office, 

AT    THE    LOW    PRICE    OF    $37-50. 

£5TCaU  and  see  it.TSa 

Cheerfully  Recommended. 

Cherokee.  Sept.  8th,  1878. 
Dewey  &  Co.  —Gentlemen:—  Having  received  my  Let- 
ters Patent  for  improvement  in  vehicle  wheels,  I  consider 
it  a  duty  I  owe  your  firm  to  tender  my  sincere  thanks  for 
the  interest  and  pains  you  have  taken  in  the  prosecution 
of  the  case.  I  shall  cheerfully  recommend  your  firm  to 
such  as  may  need  your  services.     I  remain  yours, 

Very  Respectfully,  Wu.  Thunbk. 


uliwess  birectojy. 


WM.    BARTLING.  HENRY   KIMBALL 

BARTLING-    &    KIMBALL, 
BOOKBINDERS, 

Paper  Rulers  &  Blank  Book  Manufacturers. 

505  Clay  Street, (southwest  corner  Sansome), 
SAN  FRANCISCO. 


Lewis  Peterson.  John  Olsson. 

PETERSON   &  OLSSON, 

Model  Makers,  and  Manufacturers  of  Em- 
blematic Signs.    Models  for  the  Patent 
Office,  in  wood  or  Metal,  a  Specialty, 
NO-    328   BUSH   STREET, 
Bet.  Montgomery  and  Kearny,  (up  stairs),  San  Francisco. 
All  kinds  of  tin,  copper  and  brass  work  made  to  order. 

San  Francisco  Cordage  Company. 

Established    1856. 

We  have  just  added  a  large  amount  of  new  machinery  of 
the  latest  and  most  improved  kind,  and  are  again  prepared 
to  fill  orders  for  Rone  of  any  spt'iiiai  lengths  and  sizes.  Con- 
stantly ou  hand  a  large  stock  of  Manila  Rope,  all  sizes: 
Tarred  Manila  Rope;  Hay  Rope;  Whale  Line,  etc  ,  eto 
TUBBS  &  CO., 
611  and  613  Front  Street,  San  Francisco 


TTSTTZRT^"1! !  I 

IT    PAYS 

Three  to  Four  Per  Cent,  per  day 

—  TO  — 

Cover  Boilers,  Pipes  and  Drums  with 


ri.W.  JOHNS'1  PATENT. 


MATERIALS. 


USE 

UQUI9  PAINTS,  R00FII3E,  BOILER  COVERINGS, 

Steam  Packing,  Sheathlngs,  Fire  Proof  Coatings,  Cements, 

SEND  FOR  SAMPLES.  ILLUSTRATED  PAMPHLET  AND  PRICE  LIST. 

H.W.JOHNS  M'F'G  Co.,  87  MAIDEN  LANE,  N.Y, 

PACIFIC  COAST  BRANCH, 

FRED  X.  PATRICK,  Manager, 

5  First  Street,  San  Franoisco. 

J7s7  PHILLIPS,  i.  eJ 

Consulting  Engineer  §  Metallurgist, 
Examiner  of  Mines  and  Assayer, 

702    CALIFORNIA     STREET, 
Author  of—  .  ■  »  -  San  Francihco. 

Tho  Explorers',  Miners' and  Metallurgists'  Companion, 

672  pages,  83  Illustrations,  (2d  Edition.)    Price §  10  50 

The  Prospector's  "  Wee  Pet "  Assayer,  (Patented) 100  00 

The  Testing  Machine  for  Gold,  Silver,  Lead,  etc 40  00 

The   "Little  Wonder"  Self-calculating  Sample  and 

Button  Weigher,  (Patented) 25  00 

Rlow-pipiats'  Pocket  Laboratory  of  Tools,  Fluxes,  etc.    60  00 

Vest  Pocket  Blowpipe 3  00 

CELARGES.— Assaying,  S3;  Testing,  $2  per  metal. 

Assaying  and  Testing  Taught. 


DH.    LIEEE7, 
g§H         DENTIST, 

N.  W.  Corner  Kearny  and  Geary  Sts., 
Entrance  on  Geary  Streeet,  SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 


The    Miners'    Assay    Office, 

N.   E.   Corner  of  the   Plaza, 
PRESCOTT,       -      -      -       -       ARIZONA. 

Assays  of  Silver,  §1.50.    Gold  and  Silver.   S2.    Other  Ores 
at  corresponding  rates.     All  assays  guaranteed. 
Gold  and  Silver  melted  into  Bars.     Working  Tests  made. 
3S7'Mines  examined,  sales  negotiated,  etc. 

W.  H.    WILLISCRAFT, 
P.  O.  Box  153.  Prescott,  Arizona. 


PACIFIC    POWER    CO. 

Room  with  steam  power  to  let  in  the 
Pacific  Power  Co.'s  new  brick  building, 
Stevenson  street,  near  Market.  Eleva- 
tor in  building.  Apply  at  the  Com- 
pany's office,  202  Sansome  St,,  room  7. 


Mining     Books. 

Orders  for  agricultural  and  scientific  books  In  general 
will  be  supplied  through  this  office  at  published  rates. 


March  22,  1879.J 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


187 


Metallurgy  apd  Ore?. 

Nevada    Metallurgical    Works, 

No-  23    STEVENSON  STREET, 
Near  First  ami  Market  Stroota 

Ores  worked  by  any  process. 

Ores  sampled. 

Aswayini;  in  all  its  branches. 

Analysis  of  Ores,  Minerals,  Waters,  etc. 

\V(JK KING  TESTS  MADE. 

Plans  furnished  for  the  most  suitable   process 
ior  working  Ores. 

rial    attention   paid   to    Examinations   of 
Mines;  plans  and  reports  furnished. 
E.  HUHN, 

C.  A.  LTJCKHARDT, 
Mining-  Engineers  and  Metallurgists 


JOHN  TAYLOR  &  CO., 

Importers  of  and  Dealers  In 

ASSAYERS'  MATERIALS, 

CHEMICAL  APPARATUS  AND  CHEMICALS,  DRUG- 
GISTS' GLASSWARE  AND  SUNDRIES,  Etc. 

512  &  518  Washington  St.,  San  Francisco 

Wo  would  call  the  special  attention  of  Asaayers,  Chem- 
ists, Mining  Companies,  Milling  Companies,  Prospectors, 
ete.,  to  our  Btock  of  clay  Crucibles,  Momes,  Dry  Caps, 
El,  manufactured  by  the  Patent  Plumbago  Cruci- 
ble Co.,  of  London,  England,  fur  which  wo  have 
Sink  made  Sole  Agenta/or  the  Pacific  Coast.  Circulars 
with  prices  will  be  sent  upon  application. 

Also,  to  our  large  and  well  adapted  stock  of 

Assayers'  Materials  &  Chemical  Apparatus, 

Having  been  engaged   in  furnishing  these  supplies  sinoe 
the  first  discovery  ot  mines  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 

tdTOar  Uold  and  Silver  Tables,  showing  the  value  per 
DUuee  Troy  at  different  degrees  of  fineness,  and  valuable 
tables  fur  compulation  of  assays  in  grains  and  grammes, 
will  be  sent  free  upon  application. 

JOHN    TAYLOR    &    CO. 


LEOPOLD    KUH, 

(Formerly  of  the  U.  S.  Branch  Mint,  S.  F.) 

Assayer    and    Metallurgical    Chemist, 

No.  611  COMMERCIAL  STREET, 
(Between  Montgomery  and  Kearny,) 

San  Francisco,  Cal. 


OTTOKAR  HOFMANN, 
METALLURGIST  and  MINING  ENGINEER, 

415  Mission  St.,  bet.  First  and  Fremont  Streets, 
SAN    FRANCISCO. 
jfSTErection  of  Leaching    Works  a  Specialty. 
itSTLeaching  Tests  made. 


TKOS.   PRICE'S 

Assay    Office    and    Chemical 
Lahoratory, 

624  Sacramento  St.,  S.  F. 
6.  F.  Pkktken.  Wii.  E.  Smith, 

PIONEER  REDUCTION  WORKS, 

Channel  Street,  off  foot  of  Fourth,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Highest  price  paid  for  Sulphurets  Arseniurets,  Tellurites 
and  Gold  Ores  generally. 

Careful  attention  paid  to  practical  working  tests  on  a 
large  scale  of  Gold-bearing  Quartz  and  ores  of  a  refractory 
and  sulphureted  nature. 

Will  examine,  report  on,  and  survey  mining  properties. 

METALLURGICAL    WORKS, 

STRONG    &    CO.,    10  Stevenson   Street, 

ORES  SAMPLED,  TESTED,  ASSAYED. 

GU  I  DO      KUSTEL, 

MINING  ENGINEER  and  METALLURGIST 

P.    0     Address:    ALAMEDA,     CAL. 

_ 

F.  MOORECROFT, 

Stoxie  Seal  Engraver, 

THURLOW    BLOCK, 

Room  3S,  126  Kearny  St.,  Cor.  Sutter,  San  Francisco. 


Coats  of  Arms,  Crests,  Monograms  and  Ma- 
sonic Inscriptions  Carefully  Engraved. 


WAYY 


SMT  p§p*sin 
Clewiir"**- 

Awarded  highest  prise  nt  Centennial  Exposition  for 
fine  charing  qualities  firvl  txceUenco  and  lotting  char- 
acter of  sweetening  and  flavoring.  The  best  tobacco 
ever  made.  As  our  blue  strip  trafle-mnrk  is  closely 
imitated  on  inferior  goorln,  see  that  Jarltton'B  Beat  is 
on  every  plug.  Sold  by  all  dealers.  Send  for  sample, 
tree,  to  G  A.  Jackson  A  Co.,  Mfrs.,  Petersburg,  uh 

L.  &  E.  WERTHHEIMER,  Ag'ts,  San  Francisco. 


Dewey  &  Co.  {^^st} Patent  Ag'ts. 


Dunham,  Carripn  &  Co., 

Nos.  107,  109  &  111  Front  Street,  S.  F. 

PIPE    &    TUBES, 

Seamless    La/p-AVelded , 

For  Steam,  Cas,  Water  and  Oil  Wells. 

All  Sizes,  from  One-Fourth  to  15  Inches  Diameter. 
— ALSO— 

Xj  A.iF-^vNTIEIl.IDIEID 


:ptt:m::p  coLunvcnsr, 

-AND-  <Jt"lE> 

-A-ir  dfe  Hydraulic  IPiipe, 

From    Three    to    Fifteen    Inches    in    Diameter. 
FOR    SALE    BY 

DUNHAM,    GARRIGAN    &    CO., 

Nos.  107. 109  and  HI  Front  Street, San  Francisco. 


LEFFELS'  DOUBLE  TURBINE  WATER  WHEEL 

Spherical  and  Horizontal  Flumes 

And  all  Mill  Gearing1  Espe- 
cially adapted  to 
our  Wheel. 

FLOUR,  SAW, 

AND 

QUARTZ  MILL  Furnishing  Goods 

ETC.    ETC.  Horizontal  Flume,  Pat.  April  1st,  1873. 

The    only  Water    Wheel  Receiving-  Three   First-class 
Premiums  at  the  Centennial. 

43"  NO  AGENCY  WITHOUT  MY  AUTHORITY—  ALL  OTHERS  ARE  FRAUDULENT,  AND  WILL  BE  DEALT 
WITH  ACCORDING  TO  LAW,  BOTH  BUYER  AND  SELLER. 

Prices  gTeatly  reduced.      Send  for  New  Illustrated  Catalogue. 

A.  MYERS,  General  Agent  for  Pacific  Coast 

Address.  P.  0,  BOX  2293,  or  825  QAPP  STREET,  San  Francisco,  Cat. 

When  you  come  to  the  City,  drop  me  a  note  in  the  Post-office,  and  I  will  find  you. 

Send  for  my  New  Illustrated  Wheel  Bnok  for  1S79.  Prices  greatly  reduced  and  less  than 
Eastern  with  freight.  A  large  stock  of  all  sizes  always  on  hand.  The  only  manufacturer  of  the 
Horizontal  Penstock. 


Machinery. 


PACIFIC  MACHINERY  DEPOT. 

H.    P.    GREGORY    &.    CO., 

Cor.  California  &  Market  Streets,  S.  F.  Cal 

Importers  of  and  Dealers  in 

Machinery  of  all  Descriptions. 

SOLE  AGENTS  FOR  PACIFIC  COAST  FOR 

J.  A.  Fay  &  Co. 's  Woodworking  Machinery, 

Bement  &  Sons'  Machinists'  Tools, 

Blake's  Patent  Steam  Pumps, 

N.  Y.  Belting  &  Packing  Co.'s  Rubber  Goods 

Sturtevant  Blowers  and  Exhaust  Fans, 

Tanite  Co.'s  Emery  Wheels  and  Machinery 

Payne's  Vertical  Engines  and  Boilers, 

Tudson's  Standard  Governors, 

Dreyfus'  Self  Oilers, 

Gould  Manufacturing  Co.'s  Hand  Pumps, 

Piatt's  Patent  Fuse  Lighters, 

Lovejoy's  Planer  Knives. 

A    KC'LL    L1NR  OF 

Belting,   Packing,   Hose,  and  Other 
Mill  and  Mining  Supplies  on  Hand. 

£2TSend  for  Illustrated  Catalogue. 


J.  Thomson.  c.  H.  Evaks 

THOMSON   &   EVAKS, 

(Successors  to  Thomson  &  Parkbr.)) 

Engineers  and  Machinists. 


Address,  FBASER,  CHALMERS  «fc  CO..  Oliloaso,  111. 


C.    L.    GILLER, 
SEAL    ENGRAVER    AND    DIE    SINKER, 

•       No.  430  MONTGOMERY  STREET,  S.  F. 

The  best  Work  done  on  the  most  reasonable  terms  on 
the  Coast. 


HEMORRHOIDS  OR  PILES, 

A  treatise  on  their  scientific  treatment  and  radical  cure, 
by  E.  J.  FRAZEE,  M.  D.,  San  Francisco.  Price,  25  centB; 
for  sale  at  the  bookstores  and  by  the  author  at  221  Powell 
street.  Sent  by  mail  to  any  address  on  receipt  of  the 
price  in  coin,  currency  or  postagestamps. 


Steam  Pumps,  Steam  Engines,  Hoisting, 

Pumping,  Quartz  Mill,  Mining,  Saw 

Mill   Machinery,   Specialties. 

Plana  and  Specifications  for  Machinery  furnished.     Re- 
pairing promptly  attended  to. 

110  &  112  Beale  St.,  San  Francisco. 

FOB    S-A-ILiIE. 


SEVERAL  SECOND-HAND 

PORTABLE   ENGINES, 

FOE  SALE  CHEAP. 

Sizos,  from  eight    horse-power   to  twenty-five  horse- 
power.    IN  PERFECT  RUNNING  ORDER.     Apply  to 

JOSEPH  ENRIGHT, 

San  Jose,  California. 


-"T  ',<■ STEAM ENCINSS  ,7  T- 

BERRTC&  PLACE, 

. — *•  SAN.FRAfciCIS'CO.CAL  ■*-&■ 


THE  IMPROVED  0'HARRA 

0HL0EIDIZING  FUENACE. 

Patented  Sept.  10th,  1878. 


Now  in  Operation  at  the  Extra  Mining-  Co. 'a 
"Works,  Copper  City,  Shasta  Co.,  Cal. 


Two  men  and  two  cords  of  wo:id  roast 

Forty  Tons  of  Ore  in  Twenty-four  Kours, 

Giving  a  full  chlorination  (100%)  at  a  coBt  of  30  cents  per 
on.     Address, 

O'HARRA    &    FERGUSON, 
Furnaceville,  Shasta  Co.,  Cal 
Or  CHAS.  W.  CRANE,  Agent, 

Room  10,  Safe  Deposit  Building,  San  Francisco. 


Should  con- 
sult DEWEY 
&  CO.,  Amer- 


California  Inventors 

ican  and  Foreign  Patent  Solicitors.  Established  in 
1860.  Their  long  experience  as  journalists  and  large  prac- 
tice as  patent  attorneys  enables  them  to  offer  Pacific  Coast 
inventors  far  better  service  than  they  can  obtain  else- 
where. Send  for  free  circulars  of  information.  Office  of 
the  Mining  and  Scientific  Press  and  Pacific  Rural 
Press,  No.  202  Sansome  St.,  San  Francisco. 


188 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[March  22,  1879. 


[Continued  from  page  181.] 

REESE  RIVER  DISTRICT. 

Manhattan.—  Reveille,  Mar.  15:  The  ore  body  being 
developed  in  the  517  drift  of  the  Curtis  shaft  improves 
daily  as  the  drift  is  extended.  It  has  now  been  advanced 
in  the  ore  some  30  ft  aud  a  stope  is  being  opened  up.  The 
560  stope  is  now  only  being  worked  on  the  bottom  ledge 
and  contains  some  very  rich  ore.  The  stope  in  the  825 
level  carries  a  large  ledge  of  high-grade  ore.  Sinking  the 
winze  in  the  600  west  drift  of  the  North  Star  shaft  con- 
tinues with  good  progress.  A  drift  has  been  started  on 
the  ledge  found  in  the  footwall  of  the  600  east  drift  which 
carries  very  good  ore.  This  body  of  ore  is  directly  under 
that  now  being  worked  on  the  560  level  of  the  Curtis  shaft 
and  undoubtedly  continues  up  to  this  level  which  is  about 
130  ft  on  the  ledge. 
SILVER  STATE  DISTRICT. 

The  Blub  Bell  Mine.— Silver  State,  Mar.  17:  Col. 
Buel  has  attained  a  depth  of  23  ft  on  the  Blue  Bell  mine. 
The  ledge  looks  well  in  the  bottom  of  the  shaft.  The  lead 
is  four  ft  and  one  inch  wide,  by  actual  measurement,  at 
the  bottom  of  the  shaft.  The  country  rock  is  much 
softer  than  it  was  near  the  surface,  and  the  ledge  dips  at 
an  angle  of  about  50",  west. 

COLORADO. 

Harrington  &  Springfield. — Courier,  Mar.  13:  The 
property  is  opened  by  an  adit  230  ft  long,  that  has  been 
run  on  the  Harrington  lode,  and  at  a  point  156  ft  from  the 
adit's  mouth  a  crosscut  has  been  driven  south  65  ft  to  the 
Springfield,  which  has  a  sharp  dip  towards  the  former, 
and  probably  joins  it  fit  no  great  depth.  This  crosscut 
shows  the  Harrington  lode  to  be  eight  ft  wide,  then  comes 
a  body  of  country  rock  nine  ft  thick,  then  crevice  rock  for 
24  ft,  which  is  probably  the  main  lode,  and  then  country 
again  for  22  ft,  when  the  Springfield  lode  is  reached.  At 
the  discovery  of  the  Springfield  there  is  a  fine  looking 
streak  of  galena  ire,  but  where  the  crosscut  intersects  it 
but  little  ore  is  in  sight  and  that  badly  scattered  through 
the  quartz.  A  short  distance  beyond  the  crosscut,  the 
main  adit  runs  into  the  large  lode  and  follows  a  vein  of 
gouge  and  decomposed  ore  near  the  north  wall  for  a  dis- 
tance of  60  ft.  The  lode  is  large  aud  soft,  so  that  at  this 
depth,  about  150  ft  perpendicular,  it  is  subject  to  the  ac- 
tion of  water,  which  has  decomposed  the  ore  and  nearly 
the  whole  mass  is  more  or  less  stained  from  the  effects  of 
it.  For  the  last  60  ft  the  adit  has  followed  a  slip  in  the 
crevice,  upon  which  was  a  vein  of  gouge  and  ore  that  has 
increased  in  size  as  the  drift  has  been  driven,  until  now 
in  the  breast  it  is  about  one  ft  wide  at  the  top  and  two  at 
the  bottom,  and  also  carries  considerable  solid  as  well  as 
decomposed  galena;  solid  chunks  as  large  as  a  hen's  egg 
now  being  found  in  the  vein.  At  this  point  work  is  now 
going  forward,  it  being  the  desire  of  Mr.  Harrington  to 
reach  solid  ore  as  soon  as  possible. 

Thb  Eqoator. — This  company  has  started  a  crosscut 
tunnel  at  the  foot  of  the  mountain  in  lower  Silver  Dale, 
that  will  cut  their  lode  at  a  depth  of  between  500  or  600  ft; 
or  in  the  neighborhood  of  200  ft  deeper  than  the  Marshall 
tunnel  cut  it.  The  tunnel  will  be  nearly  1,000  ft  long,  and 
7x8  ft  in  size,  large  enough  for  a  double  track.  It  is  be- 
ing run  by  contract,  by  Richard  Nankwell  and  James 
Coran,  who  have  completed  50  ft  and  started  un  their 
second  50-ft  contract. 

IDAHO. 

Snake  River  Placers.— Cor.  Statesman,  Mar,  11:  Mr. 
Corker  and  Mr.  Corbell  came  down  from  Salmon  Falls  and 
began  work,  taking  out  a  ditch  from  Snake  river  to  work 
their  claims.  The>  have  ordered  plating  from  San  Fran- 
cisco and  will  open  up  soon.  Messrs.  P.  H,  Clark  and 
William  McGinness  are  busy  at  work  taking  out  a  ditch 
for  their  ground  at  the  mouth  of  Cold  Spring  creek.  They 
have  sent  for  plating  and  will  be  running  in  about  two 
weeks.  The  miners  are  rushing  into  the  Cold  Spring  dis- 
trict, locating  ground  very  fast.  Mr.  Black,  of  Black's 
station,  is  in  this  district  and  has  located  160  acres  for  a 
company  of  Boise  men.  Mr.  W.  L.  Thurman  has  a  man 
out  prospecting  for  him  and  three  others,  and  has  located 
one  half  a  mile  below  the  mouth  of  Cold  Spring  creek. 
Mr.  A.  L.  Richardson,  on  his  way  through  to  Salt  Lake, 
located  alongside  ofgThurman's  claim.  There  are  a  lot  of 
men  just  arrived  here  to-day  from  Nevada. 


Patents  and  Inventions. 


New  Incorporations. 

The  following  companies  have  filed  certificates  of  incor- 
poration in  the  County  Clerk's  otfice  at  San  Francisco: 

JohxG.  M.  Co.— Capital,  $10,000,000.  Directors— Wm. 
Kohl,  C.  T.  Bridge,  W.  E.  Sill,  W.  T.  Jones  and  D.  T. 
Davies. 

Moore  M,  Co.— Capital,  $1,500,000.  Directors— C.  J. 
Garland,  Sampson  Tarus,  O.  C.  Hewitt,  E.  C.  Voorhies 
and  E.  Ginocohio. 

Oleta  G.  &  S.  M.  Co.— Capital,  $10,000,000.  Directors- 
Albert  Jenks,  J.  J.  Scoyille,  W.  T.  Henson,  Henry  Gerdes, 
C.  Gierrez,  Percy  Freligrath  and  F.  E.  Birge. 

North  Mexican  S.  M.  Co.— Object:  To  operate  in  Vir- 
ginia district,  Story  county,  Nevada.  Capital,  $10,000,- 
000.  Directors— B.  W.  Mudge,  F.  P.  Howard,  W.  H 
Weidman,  C.  C.  Fisher  and  T.  A.  Mudge. 

McKinlky  Con.  G.  M.  Co.— Object:  To  operate  in 
Bodie  district.  Capital,  310.000,000.  Directors— I.  W 
Gashwiler,  T.  H.  Lawler,  William  H.  Sharp,  E.  B.  Clement 
and  W.  H.  V.  Cronise. 

Monitor  M.  Co.  —Capital,  $10,000,000.  Directors- 
Thomas  Price,  J.  P.  Allen,  H.  Mayers,  George  W.  Smiley 
and  J.  S.  Allen. 

Mammoth  M.  Co.— Object:  To  operate  in  Humboldt 
county,  Nevada.  Capita!,  $10,000,000.  Directors— J  H 
Crossman,  G.  B.  Briter,  Edward  Hall.  B.  W.  Mudge  and 
W.  T.  Robinson. 

San  Geronimo  G.  &  S.  M.  Co.— Object:  To  operate  in 
California.  Capital,  $10,000,000.  Directors— A.  S.  Hi«- 
gins,  C.  B.  Higgins,  A.  Peck,  George  Stone  and  E.  A. 
Peck. 

Ivanhoe  M.  Co.— Capital,  $10,000,000.  Directors— R 
C.  Hooker,  Geortre  B.  Root,  W.  W.  Foote,  Frank  Vernon 
and  J.  F.  Cowdery. 

Amador  TUNNEL,  Mill  and  M.  Co.— Capital,  $2,500,000 
Directors— Charles  J.  Pilsbury,  Arthur  B.  Crtuckshank 
Edward  C.  Mactarlain,  J.  H.  H.  Williams  and  W  L 
Locke. 

McKinley  Con.  G.  M.  Co.— Object:  To  operate  in  Bodie 
district.  Capital,  $10,000,000.  Directors— I.  W.  Gash- 
wiler, Thomas  H.  Lawlor,  William  H.  Sharp.  F  B  Clem- 
ent and  W.  H.  V.  Cronise. 

Amador  Tdnnel,  Mill  and  M.  Co.— Object: '  To  mine 
in  California.  Capital,  $2,500,000.  Directors— Charles  J 
Pilsbury,  A.  B.  Cruikshank,  E.  C.  Macfarlan,  J.  H  H 
Williams  and  W.  L.  Locke. 

^Etna  M.  Co.— Object:  To  mine  in  Nevada.  Capital 
$10,000,000.  Directors-Thomas  H.  Lawlor,  J.  S  Benear' 
A.  F.  McGrew,  C.  C.  Conger  aud  C.  M.  Arnold. 

Blub  Bell  M.  Co.— Object:  To  operate  in  Humboldt 
county,  Nevada.  Capital,  $10,000,000.  Directors— L  S 
Robinson,  J.  W.  Gashwiler,  M.  L.  McDonald  J  M  Get- 
chell  and  W.  H.  Sharp. 

Gordon  Creek  M.  Co.— Capital,  $100,000.  Directors— 
J.  D.  Gray,  J.  W.  Musser,  W.  C.  Chapin,  F.  D.  Brandon 
and  B.  C.  Jackson. 

Gold  Bank  Gravel  M.  Co.— Capital,  $100,000.  Trus- 
tees—J.  F.  Miller,  J.  Arthur  Fairweather,  E.  L.  Willard 
G.  A.  Treadwell  and  O.  D.  Squire. 


It  is  reported  that  the  country  is  flooded  in 
Big  Valley,  Modoc  county,  so  that  the  mail  is 
carried  in  boats  over  the  road  for  a  long  dis- 
tance. 


List  of  U.  S.  Patents  Issued  to  Pacific 
Coast  Inventors. 


[From  Official  Reports  for  the  Mining  and  Scientific 

Press,  DEWEY  &  CO.,  Publishers  and  U.  S. 

and  Foreign  Patent  Agents.] 

By  Special  Dispatch  from  Washington.  D-  C- 

For  the  Week  Ending  March  11th,  1879. 

213,154.— Improvement  in  Construction  of  Bridges— E. 
Williams,  S.  F. 

213,153. — Car  Brakes — A.  Weymouth,   Livermore,  Cal. 

213,117. — Axle  for  Vehicles — E.  E.  Lincoln,  San  Jose. 

213,052. —  Improvement  in  Lamps  —  D.   Lubin,    Sacra- 
mento, Cal. 

213, 134. —Improvement  in  Dental  Pluggers— H.   Rich- 
mann,  S.  F. 

7,106.  —  Lubricating  Compound  —  Trademark  —  Bean, 
Bracey  &  Co.,  Virginia  City,  Nevada. 

For  the  Week  Ending  Mab.ch  18th,  1879. 

213,399.— Bit  Stock— L.  C.  Di  Bert,  S.  F. 

213,386.— Vehicle  Spring— O.  S.  Carville,  S.  F. 

213,382.— Apparatus  for  Obtaining  Metallic  Copper 
from  its  Solutions— C  C.  Bitner,  Spenceville,  Cal. 

213,400.— Wagon  Brake— J.  F.  Ditsworth,  Austin,  Nev. 

7,120  to  7,124  inclusive.— Candles— Trademark— W.  T. 
Coleman,  S.  F. 

7,125.— Clothing — Trademark— Heynemann  &  Co.,  S.  F. 

7,112.— Candles— Tridemark— Castle  Bros.,  S.  F. 

7,114, — Cathartic  Medicine— Trademark—  E.    DePrati, 
San  Francisco. 


The  names  of  the  following  persons  and  the 
patents  granted  them  have  through  some  irreg- 
ularity been  inadvertently  omitted  from  the 
lists  which  we  print  each  week: 

For  the  Week  Ending  January  7th,  1879. 

211,125.— Hydraulic  Pumping  System— W.  P.  Barclay, 
Virginia  City,  Nevada, 

211,235. —Device  for  Obtaining  Miter  Bevelb  —  W. 
Harbaugh,  Alameda,  Cal. 

211,155 —Device  for  Preventing  Over- Winding— H. 
C.  Harrison,  Eureka,  Nev. 

211,248.—  Amalgamator -J.   Michel,  Nevada  City,  Cal. 

211,269.— Hay  Rake— F.  Shedd,  Shedd  Station,  Ogn. 
For  the  Week  Ending  January  14th,  1879. 

211,425— Sulky  Plow— J.  Price,  San  Leandro,  Cal. 
For  the  Week  Ending  January  2Sth,  1?79. 

211,714.— Windmill— J.  R.  Dixon,  Fresno,  Cal. 

"211,763.— Sight  for  Fire-Arms— W.  Matthews,  Camp 
Bidwell,  Cal. 

211,758.—  Mining  Car  Truck— W.  McCaskell  and  A.  J. 
Munchard,  Virginia,  Nev. 

211,794— Shoe  Fastener— I.  J.  Saunders,  Davisville,  Cal. 
For  the  Week  Ending  February  4tu,  1879. 

212,066.— Ratchet  Drill  -J.  C.  Steber,  S.  F. 

211,939.— Amalgamator— W.  S.  Shotwell,  S.  F, 

211,333.— Electric  Signal  Fire  Hose— J.  Bucbtel, 
Portland,  Ogn. 

211,999.— Suspenders— H.  M.  Heinemaun,  S.  F. 

212,037.— Motor  Engine  —  E.  J.  Molera  and  J.  C. 
Cebrian,  S.  F. 

212,038.— Motor— E.  J.  Molera  and  J.  C.  Cebrian,  S.  F. 

212,039.— Fluid  Motor— E.  J.  Molera  and  J.  C.  Ce- 
brian, S.  F. 

212,040.— Regulator  for  Electric  Lights— E.  J.  Mo- 
lera and  J.  C.  Cebrian,  S.  F. 

211,936.— Winding  Attachments  for  Clocks— S.  Seri- 
ghelli,  S.  F. 

211,937.— Expansion  Pulley— S.  Serighelli,  S.  F. 
For  the  Week  Ending  February  18th,  1879. 

212,347.— Tobacco  Cutting:  Machine—  L.  Bauer  and  J. 
Seitz,  S.  F. 

212,432.— Railway  Crossing — W.  B.  Bernard,  Sacra- 
mento, Cal.,  and  J.  D.  Perkins,  Elyria,  Ohio. 

212,493.— Bill  File— E.  H.  Owen,  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

212,331. — Flavoring  Compound  for  Tobacco — D.  Stern- 
berg, S.  F. 

For  the  Week  Ending  February  25th,  1879. 

212,591.— Engine— R.  J.  Cartmel,  Santa  Rosa,  Cal. 

212,664.— Pulverizing  Mill— J.  T.  Davis,  S.  F. 

8,601.— Fire-Arm— Re-issue— W.  R.  Finch,  Eureka.  Cal. 

212,698.— Stove— H.  L.  Howse,  S.  F. 

212,739.— Packing  for  Stuffing  Boxes— G.  C.  Phillips, 
Silver  City,  Nev. 

212,770  and  212,771.— Car  Trucks— George  Vincent, 
Stockton,  Cal. 

212,775.— Derrick-Stake— R.  P.  Williams,  Alameda,  Cal. 

212,780.— Padlock— N.  A.  Young,  Healdsburg,  Cal. 


It  is  announced  that  on  April  1st  there  will 
be  a  general  reduction  in  the  freight  charges  of 
the  Virginia  and  Truckee  road. 


Notices  of  Recent  Patents. 

Among  the  patents  recently  obtained  through 
Dewey  &  Co.'s  Scientific  Press  American  and 
Foreign  Patent  Agency,  the  following  are  •worthy 
of  special  mention: 

Wagon  Brake.  —J.  F.  Ditsworth,  Austin, 
Lander  Co.,  Nev.  Dated,  March  18th.  This 
improved  wagon  brake  consists  in  attaching  to 
the  rod  connecting  the  brake  bar  with  the 
roller,  a  case  containing  a  spiral  spring,  through 
which  the  connecting  rod  passes.  A  nut  on  the 
rod  under  the  case  bears  against  the  spring, 
when  the  brake  is  thrown  on,  so  that  in  case  a 
wheel  is  not  perfectly  round  and  the  high  place 
on  the  wheel  strikes  the  brake  shoe  when  the 
brake  is  on  tight,  there  is  no  danger  of  breaking 
the  rods  or  of  locking  the  wheel  in  one  place  so 
as  to  wear  out  the  tire  at  one  point.  Suitable 
nuts  are  placed  in  the  connecting  rod  for  regulat- 
ing the  tension  of  the  spring,  and  aLso  for  pre- 
venting the  rod  coming  too  far  back  in  case  the 
spring  is  broken  or  becomes  too  loose.  With 
an  ordinary  brake,  the  bar  is  connected  to  the 
roller  by  a  solid  connecting  rod  running  to  the 
short  arm  in  the  roller.  In  case  the  wheels  are 
not  perfectly  round  when  the  brake  is  on  tight 
and  the  high  place  in  the  wheel  strikes  the 
block,  the  wheel  will  stop  rotating  and  the  part 
of  the  tire  on  the  ground  will  be  subjected  to 
unnecessary  wear.  The  tire  will,  therefore, 
soon  become  worn  through  at  that  point.  Again 
when  the  wheel  strikes  the  brake  in  the  high 
place,  it  causes  a  jar  on  the  brake  frequently 
causing  the  brake  to  give  way.  Very  many  of 
the  accidents  from  brakes  giving  way  have  been 
occasioned  by  this  defect.  With  this  improved 
brake,  when  the  high,  place  in  the  wheel  strikes 
the  brake  blocks,  the,  Bpring  in  the  case  attached 


to  the  brake  bar  will  give  enough  to  allow  the 
high  place  to  pass  the  blocks  without  causing 
the  wheel  to  drag,  saving  the  tires  from  wear 
and  causing  no  jar  to  the  brake  rods.  When 
the  brake  is  suddenly  thrown  on,  and  while  its 
action  is  just  as  effective,  it  comes  up  with  an 
easy  motion  and  no  jar.  This  method  of  con- 
necting the  brake  bar  with  the  levers  tends 
also  to  keep  the  wheels  round,  as  wherever 
there  is  a  tendency  to  bulge,  there  a  greater 
pressure  is  exerted.  The  spring  being  en- 
closed in  a  shell  is  out  of  the  way  of  the  dust 
and  dirt,  but  is  easily  accessible  for  repair  or 
replacement,  by  separating  the  two  sides  of  the 
shell. 

Carriage  Spring. — Orrin  S.  Carvill.  Dated 
March  18th.  This  invention  relates  to  a  novel 
improvement  in  the  construction  of  springs  and 
gear  for  carriages  and  other  vehicles,  and  it 
consists  mainly  in  the  combination  with  the 
wooden  side  bars  of  a  buggy  of  a  central  longi- 
tudinal supplemental  steel  spring,  so  arranged 
and  connected  with  the  side  bars  that  it  will 
take  a  considerable  portion  of  the  strain  when 
a  heavy  load  is  brought  upon  it,  and  by  its  as- 
sistance to  the  wooden  side  bars  greatly  adds 
to  the  elasticity  of  the  buggy.  It  further  con- 
sists in  the  employment  of  a  peculiar  clip  by 
which  the  side  bars  are  attached  to  the  holster 
and  the  rear  axle  bed,  and  by  which  they  have 
a  free  and  independent  motion  upon  their  points 
of  attachment,  and  the  axle  bed  or  bolster  will 
not  be  rocked  back  and  forward  by  the  vertical 
movements  of  the  side  bars  and  spring. 

News  in  Brief. 

Hostilities  are  pending  between  Chile  and 
Peru. 

Eberhard  Faber,  the  great  lead-pencil  man, 
is  dead. 

Alsace  and  Lorraine  are  to  have  a  special 
cabinet. 

The  work  of  rebuilding  Reno  is  progressing 
rapidly. 

Twenty  thousand  Russians  are  moving  into 
Turkistan. 

Iron  is  to  be  supplanted  by  steel  in  the  build- 
ing of  ships. 

Merced  county  is  alive  with  vigorous  young 
school  marms. 

Railroad  communication  has  been  reopened 
above  Marysville. 

Spanish  public  opinion  is  unfavorable  to  the 
new  Ministry. 

Louisville  is  among  the  cities  that  are  finan- 
cially swamped. 

There  is  a  widely-spreading  republican 
element  in  Brazil. 

The  Russian  police  continue  to  make  arrests 
for  secret  printing. 

A  prairie  tire  near  Abilene,  Kansas,  nearly 
destroyed  that  town. 

A  Hebrew  western  colonization  scheme  is 
active  in  New  York. 

Telephones  are  being  introduced  into  almost 
every  town  in  Oregon. 

Five  Chinamen  have  been  killed  by  Sheep- 
head  Indians  in  Utah. 

A  dozen  vessels  will  go  north  this  Bpring  in 
the  codfishing  business. 

The  reduction  of  the  wages  of  laborers  in 
England  is  very  general. 

The  new  Constitution  will  technically  relieve 
Chinamen  from  poll-tax. 

Sutro  has  at  last  effected  a  compromise  with 
the  Comstock  companies. 

Bullion  continues  to  flow  into  Carson,  Nev., 
from  the   southern  country. 

The  Western  Electric  Light  Co.  are  running 
their  elevators  by  electricity. 

Twenty-five  families  of  Mennonites  in 
Manitoba  cultivate  10,400  acres. 

A  lot  of  catfish  have  been  put  in  Napa  river 
some  distance  above  tide  water. 

It  is  estimated  that  there  are  at  least  800 
Chinese  in  and  around  Red  Bluff. 

The  Government  is  about  to  issue  ten-dollar 
four  per  cent,  treasury  certificates. 

The  growing  crop^  in  Washington  Territory 
look  finely,  with  no  chance  of  failure. 

An  excursion  from  the  East  to  meet  Gen. 
Grant  on  his  arrival  here  is  talked  of. 

Two  men  were  killed  in  a  Pennsylvania  coal 
mine,  recently,  by  the  fall  of  roof  rock. 

The  Southern  Pacific  railroad  is  boring 
artesian  wells  in   the  California  desert. 

The  tramp  who  outraged  Mrs.  Truesdel  at 
Newport,  Ky.,  was  lynched  by  a  mob.. 

There  is  every  indication  of  the  speedy 
evacuation  of  Bulgaria  by  the  Russians. 

The  Canadian  government  favors  reciprocity 
of  tariff  and  trade  with  the  United  States. 

Track  laying  has  been  begun  on  the  southern 
extension  of  the  Atchison,  Topeka  and  Santa 
Fe. 

The  government  of  Mexico  has  definitely 
decided  to  hold  an  International  exhibition  in 
1880. 

Allentown,  Penn.,  has  had  a  shower  of  sul- 
phur, it  lying  in  some  places  over  half  an  inch 
deep. 

Orville  Grant,  brother  of  the  General,  is  in 
Washington,  partially  insane,  and  in  a  pitiful 
condition. 

On  the  Northern  Pacific  railroad,  between 
Kalama  and  Tacoma,  there  were  recently  13 
land  slides. 

The  Dominion  Parliament  is  inquiring  into 
the  matter  of  the  boundary  between  Alaska  and 
British  Columbia. 

The  ground  was  found  to  be  frozen  to  the 
depth  of  three  and  a  half  feet  in  a  New  Haven 
street  last  week, 


The  "Little  Wonder"   Self-Calculating] 
Sample  and  Bntton  Weigher. 

Editors  Press:— Please  allow  me  space  fori 
answering  numerous  inquiries  from  yeur  read- 
ers as  to  the  general  advantages  and  appliances 
of  the  above,  recently  patented  apparatus. 

1.  It  is  more  especially  intended  for  those 
who  can  assay  by  the  blow-pipe,  being  sur- 
passingly delicate  in  action  and  very  portable, 
as  well  as  self -calculating  for  dollars  per  ton  on 
gold  and  Bilver,  and  percentage  of  lead,  or  other 
base  metals. 

2.  It  may  be  used  for  buttons  from  "furnace 
assays, "  either  by  its  self- calculation,  or  by  or- 
dinary systems  of  weights. 

3.  It  must  supersede  all  other  weighers  for 
explorers  and  blow-pipists,  as  it  is  not  only 
cheaper  but  much  more  susceptible,  readily 
used,  and  portable. 

4.  It  is  explained  on  its  face,  and  those  who 
cannot  even  read  figures  may  value  with  it. 

6.  To  my  past  pupils  I  may  say,  that  they 
and  all  other  blow-pipists  are  laboring  under 
difficulties  in  weighing  which  this  will  lessen, 
to  an  almost  incredible  degree. 

6.  Its  cost  is  only  $25,  including  two  weigh- 
ers with  weights,  and  all  other  necessary  tools. 
J.  S.  Phillips. 


Spain  boasts  of  92  Dukes,  866  MarquiseB, 
632  Counts,  92  "Viscounts,  and  98  Barons,. 
besides  44  ennobled  foreigners. 

The  German  Tariff  Commission  has  deter- 
mined to  shut  out  of  the  Empire  American  cat- 
tle and  British  coal. 


Fresh  attractions  are  constantly  added  to  Wood- 
ward's Gardens,  among;  which  is  Prof.  Gruber'8  great 
educator,  the  Zoographicon.  Each  department  increases1 
daily,  and  the  Pavilion  performances  are  more  popular 
than  ever.  All  new  novelties  find  a  place  at  this  wonder- 
ful resort.    Prices  remain  as  usual. 


How  to  Stop  this  Paper.— It  is  not  a  herculean  task  to 
stop  this  paper.  Notify  the  publishers  by  letter.  If  it 
comeB  beyond  the  time  desired  you  can  depend  upon  it  we 
do  not  know  that  the  subscriber  wants  it  stopped.  So 
be  sure  and  send  us  notice  by  letter. 

Examine  the  accelerative  endowment  plan,  as  originated  ■ 
by  the  Mutual  Benefit  Life  Insurance  Co.,  of  Newark, 

New  Jersey.     Assets,  830,533,429.94.     Lewis  C.   Grover,  ■ 

President;  L.  Spencer  Coble,  Vice-President;  Benjamin  C  ' 

Miller,  Treasurer;  Edward  A.  Strong,   Secretary;  Bloom-  r 

field  J.   Miller,  Actuary,    Send  for  circulars  to  James  i 

Munsell,   Jr.,  agent  of  insuwd,   224    Sansome   St.,  San  r 
Francisco. 


Experimental  Machinery,  drawings,  patterns,  models, 
all  kinds  of  electrical  and  telegraphic  apparatus  to  order. 
See  ad.     F.  W.  Fdller,  415  Market  St..  second  floor,  S.  F. 


Chew  Jackson's  Best  Sweet  Navy   Tobacco 


METALS. 

[wholesale. 

Wednesday  m„  March  19,  1878. 

Iron.— 

American  Pig,  soft,  ton 23  00  @26  00 

Scotch  Pig,  ton -.25  50  @26  50 

American  White  Pig,  ton 23  00  @ 

Oregon  Pig,  ton 20  50  & 

Refined  Bar 2m 

Horse  Shoes,  keg 5  00  (" 

Nail  Rod —  L 

Norway,  according  to  thickness 6J@ 

Copper.— 

Sheathing,  lb 34  ( 

Sheathing,  Yellow 19  ( 

Sheathing,  Old  Yellow , 

Steel.— 

EngliBh  Cast,  lb 

Black  Diamond,  ordinary  sizes , 

Drill 

Flat  Bar 

Plow  Steel 

Tin  Plates.— 

10x14  I  C  Charcoal 

10x14  I  C  Coke 

Banca  Tin 18  (®—  i  _ 

Australian IH@     17 

Zinc— 

By  the  Cask 9  @ 

Zinc,  Sheet  7x3  ft,  7  to  10,  lb,  less  than  cask . .        9j@—  10 

Nails.— 

'    '  3B 2  9G@3  00 


Gold,    Legal    Tenders,    Exchange,    Etc. 

[Corrected  Weekly  by  Sutro  &  Co.] 

San  Francisco,  March  19,  3  p.  M, 

Silver,  1J@2.    Gold  in  New  York,  par. 

Gold  Bails,  890@910.  Silver  Baku,  8@20  $  cent,  dis- 
count. 

Exchange  on  New  York,  20,  on  London  bankers,  49}@ 
49£.  Commercial,  50;  Paris,  five  francs  'if!  dollar;  Mexican 
dollars,  87j@89. 

London  Consols,  96  5-16;  Bonds,  103. 

Quicksilver  in  S.  F..  by  the  flask,  m  lb,  40@41o. 


/Ipil^epiepfr 


BALDWIN'S   THEATER. 

THOMAS  MAGUIRE Manager. 

F.  Lyster Acting  Manager. 

Chas.  H.  Goodwin Treasurer. 

J,  P.  Chapman. Assistant  Treasurer. 

ROSE    EYTINGE. 

Corner   Market  and     Powell     Streets.      Open    every 
evening  and  Saturday  matinee.     Box  office  open  daily. 


BUSH    STREET    THEATER. 

Chas.  E.  Locke Lessee  and  Manager 

HYERS   SISTERS. 

Open  every  evening  and  Saturday  Matinee. 


CALIFORNIA  THEATER. 

Barton  &  Lawlor.. Manager. 

Barton  Hill Acting  Manager. 

BUFFALO"  BILL. 

Bush  Street,  above  Kearny.  Open  every  evening.  Box 
office  open  from  9  a.  m.  to  10  p.  M.  Seats  may  be  secured 
six  days  in  advance. 


March  22,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


189 


jlipipg  and  Other  Copipapies. 


Persons  interested  in  incorporated  shares 
will  do  well  to  recommend  the  publication 
of  the  official  notices  of  their  companies 
In  this  paper,  as  the  cheapest  appropriate 
medium  for  the  same. 


Griffith    Consolidated    Mill    and    Mining 

Company,—  Lnvatii.ni  o(  principal  place  of  buslneiw,  San 
Franciwo.    California.     Location   of    works.    Diamond 
Spring*  Mining  District,  El  Dorado  County,  California. 
NOTICE    -There  are  delinquent  upon  the  following  de- 
scribed Hock  on  account  of  uMessmcnt  (No.   1)   loviitd  on 
the '.Jlst  dny  of  January,    1879,    the  several  atuouutfl  wit 
oppnnite    the    names  of  the   resjtective  shareholders,  as 

foJloWB 

N uiiii-4.  No.  of  Cert.      No.  Shares     Amount 

J  H  Brewer 3d  5<f  8  10  00 

Warri-n  Bryant not  issued  2100  420  00 

Alexander  Bryant 37  1125  225  00 

Alexander  Brvant 38  1126  225  00 

L  II  Font* 39  100  20  00 

L  0  Harvev.  Trustee  ...  4000  800  00 

J  II  Roberta 10  500  100  00 

.1  if  K-dwrls 20  500  100  00 

J  II  K.berts 21  500  100  00 

J  II  Roberta 22  500  100  00 

J  11  Roberts 20  500  100  00 

J  M  Roberta 27  500  100  00 

J  II  Kohur ta 28  500  100  00 

J  II  Roberta 29  500  100  00 

J  II  Roberta SO  500  100  00 

,1  II  Roberta 31  500  100  00 

J  II  Roberta 32  500  100  00 

J  II  Roberta S3  500  100  00 

J  H  Roberta 34  500  100  00 

.1  H  Rnberla 280  200  40  00 

J  H  Roberta 281  200  .40  00 

J  H  Roberta 282  200  40  00 

J  II  Roberta 283  200  40  00 

J  H  Roberta 284  200  40  00 

John  <;  Van  tine not  issued  4500  900  00 

And  in  accordance  with  law,  and  an  order  of  the  Board 
of  Directors,  made  on  the  21st  day  of  January,  1879,  so 
many  shares  of  each  parcel  of  such  stock  as  may  be  neces- 
sary, will  bo  Bold  at  public  auction  at  the  office  of  the 
Company,  No.  330  Pine  street,  Room  4S,  Sm  Francisco, 
California,  on  the  26th  day  of  March,  1S79.  at  the  hour  of 
one  o'clock  p.  m.  of  said  day,  to  pay  said  delinquent  assess- 
ment thereon,  together  with  costs  of  advertising  and  ex- 
penses of  sale.  G.  M.  CONDEE,  Secretary. 

Office,  Room  48,  No.  330  Pine  St.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Office  Wide  Awake  Prospecting  and  Min- 

ing  Company.— No.  232  Sutter  Street.  San  Francisco,  Cal., 

February  1st,  1879.    Location  of  works,  Picket-Post,  Pinal 

County,  Arizona. 

Notice  is  hereby  given  that  at  a  meeting'  of  the  Board  of 
Directors,  held  on  thu  flrat  day  of  February,  (1879,  an  assess- 
ment (No.  6)  of  four  cents  per  share  was  levied  upon  the  capi- 
tal stock  of  the  corporation  payable  immediately  in  United 
States  gold  coin  to  the  Secretary,  at  the  office  of  the  Com- 
pany, Room  2,  No.  232  Sutter  Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Any  stock  upon  which  this  assessment  shall  remain  unpaid 
on  the  first  day  of  March,  1875.  wi'l  be  delinquent,  and  adver- 
tised for  sale  at  public  auction,  and  unless  payment  is  made 
before,  will  be  sold  on  Saturday,  the  fifth  day  of  April.  1879,- 
to  pay  the  delinquent  assessment,  together  with  the  cost  of 
advertising  and  the  expenses  of  sale.  By  order  of  the  Board 
of  Directors.  C.  HtLDEBRANDT,  Secretary. 

POSTPONEMENT.-The  delinquent  day  of  the  above 
namod  assessment  has  been  postponed  until  Tuesday,  the 
First  day  of  April,  1879.  and  the  day  of  sale  until  Thursday, 
the  Firat  day  of  May.  1879.  at  the  same  hour  and  place.  By 
order  of  the  Board  of  Directors. 

C.  HILDEBRANDT,  Secretary. 

San  Francisco,  March  1st,  1879. 

Summit    Mining   Company. — Location  of 

Principal  place  of  business,  San  Francisco,  California. 

Location    of     works,   Mineral   Point  Mining     District, 

Plumas  County,  Cal. 

Notice.— There  are  delinquent  upon  the  following  de- 
scribed stock,  on  account  of  assessment  (No.  7,)  levied  on 
the  4th  day  of  February,  A.  D.,  1879,  the  several  amounts 
set  opposite  the  names  of  the  respective  shareholders,  as 
follows: 

Names.  No.  Certificate.  No.  Shares.  Amount. 

Byere,  W  T 38  700  35  00 

Edwards,  J  E 39  700  35  00 

Gautier,  Gustave 156  200  10  00 

Kellogg,  H  W 46  1000  50  00 

Lehmann,  C,  Trustee 206  200  10  00 

Lehmann,  C,  Trustee 207  200  10  00 

Sanford,  E  P 3  500  25  00 

Sanford,  E  P 22  1000  50  00 

Turner,  J  W 65  200  10  00 

Thompson,  R 24  1200  60  00 

And  in  accordance  with  law,  and  an  order  of  the  Board  o1 
Directors,  made  on  the  Fourth  day  of  February,  A.  D.  < 
1879,  so  many  shares  of  each  parcel  of  such  stock  as  may 
be  necessary,  will  be  sold  at  public  auction,  at  the  office 
of  the  company,  No.  318  Pine  street,  Room  6,  San  Fran- 
cisco, California,  00  Tuesday,  the  Eighth  day  of  April, 
A.  D. ,  1879,  at  the  hour  of  three  o'clock  p.  m.  ,  of  said 
day,  to  pay  said  delinquent  assessment  thereon,  together 
with  costs  of  advertising  and  expenses  of  the  sale. 

R.  N.  VAN  BRUNT,  Sec'y- 

Office,  Room  6,  No.  31S  Pine  Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

The  California  and  Oregon  Land  Company. 

— Location  of  principal  place  of  business,  San  Francisco, 

California.     Location  of  Works,  State  of  Oregon. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Directors,  held  on  the  First  day  of  March,  A.  D.,  1879,  an 
assessment  (No.  2)  of  Forty  Cents  per  share  was  levied  upon 
the  capital  stock  of  the  corporation,  payable  immediately  in 
United  States  gold  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at  the  office  of  the 
Company,  318  Pine  street,  Room  6,  San  Francisco,  California. 

Any  stock  upon  which  this  assessment  shall  remain  unpaid 
on  the  10th  day  of  April,  1879,  will  be  delinquent,  and  ad- 
vertised for  sale  at  public  auction  ;  and  unless  payment  Is 
made  Defore  will  be  sold  on  Saturday,  the  Tenth  day  of  May, 
1879,  to  pay  the  delinquent  assessment,  together  with 
costs  of  advertising  and  expenses  of  sale.  By  order  of  the 
Board  of  Directors.  R.  N.  VAN  BRUNT,  Secretary. 

Office,  318  Pine  Street,  Room  6,  San  Francisco,  California. 

Union  Stone  Company. — The  Regular 

Annual  meeting  of  the  Union  Stone  Company  of  Califor- 
nia for  an  election  of  a  Board  of  Directors  (to  act  as  Trus- 
tees) to  serve  the  Company  for  the  ensuing  year,  and  for 
such  other  business  as  may  properly  come  before  the 
meeting,  will  be  held  at  the  office  of  the  Secretary  of  the 
Company  at  237  First  Street,  San  Francisco,  California, 
on  Tuesday,  April  Sth,  1879,  at  11  o'clock  a.  m. 

R.  F.  KNOX,  Secretary- 
San  FranciBCO,  March  20th,  1879. 


^Mining 

■For  Sale  m^ 


At  the  Old  Stand,  SJarket,P)ead  of  Front  Street,  S.|F. 


ELECTRIC    LIGJ-HT. 

BRUSH     PATENT. 
The  Best,  Cheapest,  Cleanest,  and  Most  Powerful  Light  in  the  World. 

In  daily  use  at  the  Palace  Hotel  and  the  Union  Iron  Works.  S.  F. 


Parties  desiring  Electric  Light  for  Halls,  Shops,  Docks,  Mills, 
Streets  and  Mines,  are  invited  to  send  us  full  particulars  regarding 
the  buildings,  rooms  or  places  to  be  lighted,  including  dimensions, 
character  of  walls  and  ceilings,  amount  of  available  power  and  its 
location,  amount  of  light  now  used,  character  of  work  being  done, 
length  of  time  light  will  be  needed  continuously,  etc. 

With  these  items  before  us,  we  will  make  a  proposition  to  furnish 
a  COMPLETE  OUTFIT  OF  ELECTRIC  LIGHT,  put  it  in  perfect 
working  order  and  guarantee  its  success  and  permanence.     Address  all  communications, 

S.  F.  TELEGRAPH  SUPPLY  CO., 

WM.    KERR,    President, 

San   Francisco,   Cal. 


THE    VENTILATED    (PERFORATED)   SAW. 


Patented  December  17th,  1878,  by  R.  Hoe  &Co. 

The  diameter  of  the  body  of  the  plate  in  this  cub  is 
contracted,  in  order  to  show  the  teeth  more  plainly. 


Our  Chisel-tooth  Saw  has  already  taken  the  lead,  anil  is  rapidly 
superseding  all  others,  and  now  we  have  the  pleasure  of  calling 
your  attention  to  still  another  IMPROVEMENT  which  we  are 
placing  on  them  without  additional  charge. 

The  ventilators  (holes)  cause  the  plate  to  shrink  equally  in  the 
process  of  hardening,  thereby  avoiding  the  injury  resulting  from 
warping  and  subsequent  Lrueing  with  the  hummer,  to  which  solid 
plates  an-  subjected.  They  also  take  the  chip  out  of  the  cut,  aud 
the  circulating  of  the  air  through  them  keeps  the  saw  cool. 

Office  of  Hanson,  Ackerson  &  Co., 

Manufacturers  and  Dealers  in  Lumber,  Etc., 
Tacoma,  Wash,  Ter.,  Feb.  14,  1879. 
Messrs.  Tatum  &  Bowen,  3  Fremont  St..  San  Francisco. 

Gentlemen:— The  60-inch  Perforated  Chisel-Tooth  Saw  pur- 
chased from  you  in  December  last  has  been  in  constant  use  since 
received,  doing  itawork  faithfully,  and  we  consider  it  the  best  saw 
in  our  mill,  slower  to  heat  than  solid  saws,  standing  up  to  its 
work  in  all  kinds  of  timber,  and  good  for  ninetv  thousand 
feet  A  day.  Wetakegre.it  pleasure  in  recommending  your 
Perforated  Saws  for  mills  engaged  in  cutting  large  timber. 

Yours  Respectfully,        Hanson,  Ack.  RSON  &,  Co. 

Sharp,  round  and  ready  to  run  the  moment  received. 

Can  be  kept  so  without  expenditure  of  skill  or  time, 

When  dull,  a  boy  in  five  minutes  can  insert  a  set  of  sharp  teeth 
in  largest  saw,  without  removing  from  mandrel. 

The  teeth,  being  firmly  held,  without  rivets,  screws,  or  keys, 
will  stand  the  heaviest  feed,  ajul  cut  the  least  kerf. 

Teeth  only  3*  cents  each. 


Address  TATUM  &  BOWEN,  Sole  Agents, 

iEFSEND  FOR  CATALOGUE.-®!  No.   3  Fremont  Street,   San  Francisco. 


THE    BALL    PATENT    VALVE    ENGINE. 


The  valve  is  in  two  parts  and  connected  by  circular  sleeves 
which  allow  each  part  to  be  adjusted  by  steam  pressure  to  its  own 
face  and  to  follow  the  wear. 

The  sleeves  have  rings  which  prevent  the  steam  from  escaping 
between  them.  The  piston  has  two  full  sets  of  Steam  Packing 
Rings,  each  Bet  being  composed  of  six  pieces.  They  take  care  of 
themselves  and  need  no  looking  after. 

The  rim  of  the  balance  wheel  is  in  three  pieces,  the  object  being 
to  have  alight  or  heavy  wheel,  a  very  desirable  feature  in  boring 
oil  or  artesian  wells.    Can  be  attached  to  boiler  or  bed. 

It  is  cheaper,  and  warranted  to  run  longer  without  attention  or 
repair  than  any  engine  in  use. 

Price,  cylinder  9x11!,  with  Heater,  Governor,  Pump,  Bolts  aud 
everything  complete,  §500.  Weight,  3,000  pounds.  Duplicates  of 
all  parts  kept  on  hand.  Engines  No.  952  and  No.  962  on  hand  in 
San  Francisco. 

Reversible  engines  of  same  style — same  price. 

300  Revolutions,  40  horse-power,  price,  $500. 

High  Speed  System,  dispensing  with  large  Pulleys  and  Heavy 
Gearing. 


TATUM  &  BOWEN,  Sole  Agents, 


No.  3  Fremont  Street,  Corner  Market, 


San  Francisco,  Cal. 


All  size  Boilers  on  band.    9end  for  Catalogues  of  our  celebrated  W-ntilatr.l  cliisd  Touth  Saw,   Saw  Mill  Machinery, 
Albany  Lubricating  Compound,  Cylinder  Oil,  HOE  k  CO.'S  PRINTING  PRESSES,  Etc. 


Boswell  Pure  Air  Heater  Company 

OF    CALIFORNIA. 
Eugene  L.  Sullivan,  Pres't.      T.  C.  Winchell,  Vice-Pres't.      S.  R.  Lippincott,  Sec'y. 

Authorized  Capital,  §100,000.     Cash  Capital,  paid  up,  $32,000. 
o 

Manufacture  and  have  for  sale  any  size  or  capacity 

Boswell's  Patent  Combined  Cooker,  Heater  and  Drier. 

ALSO,    BOSWELL'S    COMMERCIAL    FRUIT    DRIER. 

ALSO,    BOSWELL'S    VENTILATING    HEATER. 

Office,  606  Montgomery  Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


A.  S.  HALLIDIE. 

nia^Street, 


Office,  No.  6  Ca 

SA*  •pfcAN 


Engraving  done  at  this  office.      I  Dewey  &  Cof°omesst1Patent  Ag'ts 


iron  and  Steel  Wire  Rope, 

Flat  and  Round,  for  MininzJ$hipping, 
Moisting  and  G^m^Tywposes. 

'inoSt  c«riplete Jmneitenaivj 
rka  ill  thcKlnited  States,  I  am 
Store  WiraKope  and  Cables 
of  an  AlcngTh  or  bizc  at  short  notice,  and  guar* 
antco  the  quality  and  ■workmanship  equal,  to 
any  made  at  home  or  abrj 

Iron,  Steel-^uftGa 

I  Oa  liable 


Of  all  Na»  rA 


vajized  Wire 

o  to  order. 


Barljecr  Tence  Wire. 

Sole  Propnet«i-Bf     y^k 

Hallidie^^Ea^eK^sEoJjeway, 

Fef th«l°>afcispo\atleirbI  Ores.  Etc. 
*3"Sen Mir  aXlircnlar. 

A.  S.  HALLIDIE. 

Office,  No.  6  California  St.,  San  Franclaca 


W.   T.   GARRATT'S 

BKASS  and  BELL  FOUNDRY 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 

MANUFACTURER  AND  IMPORTER  OF 

Church  and  Steamboat  BELLS  and  GONGS 
BRASS  CASTINGS  of  all  kinds, 
WATER  GATES,   GAS  GATES, 
FIRE  HYDRANTS, 

DOCK  HYDRANTS, 

GARDEN  HYDRANTS 

General   Assortment    of    Engineers'   Findings. 

Hooker's    Patent 
Celebrated 

STEAM  PUMP 

^TThe  Best  and  Mnst 
Durable  in  use.  Also, 
a  variety  of  other 


For  Mining  and  Farm- 
ing1 Purposes. 

ROOT'S  BLAST  BLOWERS, 

For  Ventilating  Mines  and  for  Smelting  Worka. 

HYDRAULIC    PIPES    AND     NOZZLES, 

For  Mining  Purposes. 

Garratt's    Improved     Journal    Metal. 

IMPORTER   OF 

IRON  PIPE  AND  MALLEABLE    IRON    FITTINGS. 

ALL   KINDS  OF 

WORK  AND  COMPOSITION  NAILS, 

AT  LOWEST  RATES. 


N.    W.    SPATJLDING'S 


PATENT   DETACHABLE  TOOTH    SAWS, 

Manfuaotory.  17  &  19  Fremont  St.,  S.  F. 


Mine    Wan/ted. 

The  advertiser  is  prepared  to  purchase  a  good  California 
Gold  mine;  gravel  or  quartz.  Must  be  in  a  condition  to 
be  examined  and  prospected. 

Send  full  particulars,  deacription,  location  and  price  to 
"Mixer,"  care  of  Chas.  G.  Yale,  Esq.,  editorof  theMixiso 
and  Scikntikic'Prkss,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


PiMlinocnilP     By  E-  CONIvLTN,  Representative 
rlL/LUI  coquc     of  the  National  Associated  Press. 
Ari7ni19  an(*  arfc*st  aut^  correspondent  of 

HI  Itt'lia-  Frank  Leslie's  publications.     Be- 

ing the  result  of  Travels  and  Observations  in  Arizona  dur- 
ing the  fall  and  winter  of  1S77.  Fully  illustrated.  Sent 
by  mail,  post-paid,  for  $2.  Address  DEWEY  &  CO., 
202  Sansome  Street,  S.  F. 


FOB  SALE-—  16-horse  Engine  8-inch  by  16-inch 
bore,  with  20-horse  boiler.  Hot  water  pump.  Every- 
thing necessary  to  Bet  it  to  running.  Price,  $1,000.  At 
Jackson's  Agricultural  Machine  Works,  S.  E.  corner  Cth 
and  Bluxome  Sts.,  San  Francisco. 


190 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[March  22,   1879. 


Iron  and  fflachipe  iKorte. 


THOS.  PENDERQAST.  HENKY  S.  SMITH. 

/ETNA    IRON    WORKS, 

MANUFACTURBRB  OP 

IRON  CASTINGS 

and      MACHINERY 

OF  ALL  KINDS. 
Fremont  Street,  Bet.  Howard  and  Folsom, 


SAN    FRANCISCO. 


SACRAMENTO  BOILER   WORKS, 

214  &  216  BEALE  St.,  (rear  of  ^Etna  Foundry) 

J.  V.  HALL, 

PRA@TICAL    BOILER    MAKER, 

Marine,  Stationary  and  Portable   Boilers,  Smoke  Stacks, 

Hydraulic  Pipe,   Oil   or  Water  Tanks,    Ore  and 

Water  Buckets,  Gasometers,  Girders,  Bridges 

and   Iron   Ship   Building. 

ALL    KINDS    OF    SHEET    IRON    WORK. 

Repairing   promptly   attended   to    at   the 
lowest   possible    terms. 

UNION  IRON  WORKS, 

SACRAMENTO,    CAL. 
ROOT,    NEILSON    &    CO., 

MANUFACTURERS  OF 

STEAM    ENGINES,  BOILERS   AND    ALL 

Kinds  of  Machinery  for  Mining  Purposes. 

Flouring  Mills',  Saw  Mills'  and    Quartz  Mills'  Machinery 

constructed,   fitted  up  and  repaired. 

Front  Street,  Between  N  and  O  Streets, 

SACRAMENTO,      CAL. 


PHELPS 
MANUFACTURING    COMPANY, 

Manufacturers  of  all  kinds  of 

Wharf  and  Bridge  Bolts,    Railroad  Trestle 

Work,   Car  Frames  and  Bolts,  Machine 

Bolts,   Set  Screws    and   Tap  Bolts, 

Lag    or    Coach    Screws. 

ALL  STYLES   OF  FANCY  HEAD  BOLTS. 

HOT  AND    COLD    PRESSED    HEXAGONAL    AND 

SQUARE    NUTS,     WASHERS,     BOLT    ENDS, 

TURNISUCKLES,     ETC.,    ETC. 

13, 15  and  17  Drumm  St.,  near  California, 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 


Golden  State  &  Miners  Iron  Works, 

Manufacture  Iron  Castings  and  Machinery 
of  all  Kinds  at  Greatly  Reduced  Rates. 

STEVENSON'S  PATENT 

Mold-Board  AMALGAMATORS, 
Golden  State  Pressure  Blowers. 

First  St.,  between  Howard  &  .Folsom,  S.  F. 


Wm.  H.  Birch.  John  Arsall. 

California    Machine   Works, 
BIRCH,    ARGALL    &    CO., 

119  Beale  Street,  San  Francisco. 

jESTGeueral  Mechanical  Engineers  and  Machinists, 
Steam  Engines,  Flour,  Quartz  and  Mining  Machinery. 
Sole  manufacturers  of  Brodie's  Patent  Rock  Crushers  and 
Steel-Faced  Tappits.  Steam,  Hydraulic  and  Sidewalk 
Elevators.    Repairing  promptly  attended  to. 


California    Brass    Foundry, 

No,  125  First  Street,  Opposite  Minna. 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 

All  kinds  of  Brass,  Composition,  Zinc,  and  Babbitt 
Metal  Castings,  Brass  Ship  Work  of  all  kinds,  Spikes, 
sheathing  Nails,  Rudder  Braces,  Hinges,  Ship  and  Steam- 
boat Bells  and  Gongs  of  superior  tone.  All  kinds  of  Cocks 
and  Valves,  Hydraulic  Pipes  and  Nozzles,  and  Hose  Coup- 
lings and  Connections  of  all  sizes  and  patterns,  furnished 
with  dispatch.  ^PRICES  MODERATE."^ 

J.  H.  WEED.  V.  KINGWELL. 


STEAM  ENGINES  AND  BOILERS 

O!  all  sizes — from  2  to  60-Horse  power.  Also,  Quartz 
Mills,  Mining  Pumps,  Hoisting  Machinery,  Shafting,  Iron 
Tanks,  etc.    For  sale  at  the  lowest  prices  by 

J.    HBNDY,  49  and  51  Fremont  Street,  S.  F. 


THOMAS  THOMPSON.  THORNTON  THOMPSON. 

THOMPSON    BROTHERS, 

EUREKA    FOUNDRY, 

129  and  131  Benle  St. ,  between  Mission  and  Howard,  S.  F 

MANUFACTURERS  OF  CASTINGS  OF  EVERT  DESCRIPTION. 


WIND   Mil!    0ne "' thB  be8t  Ljl:"1'' '"  *is  state 

ffflllLr     IIIIUCi  for  sale  cheap  on  easy  terms.    Ad- 
dress, W.  T.  care  of  Dewey  &  Co.,  S.  F. 


GEORGE  W.  PRESCOTT. 


IRVING  M.  SCOTT. 


H.  T.  SCOTT. 


[|nion    [ron   Works. 

Office,  61  First  St.  |  Cor.  First  &  Mission  Sts.,  S.  F.  |  P.   0.   Box,  2128. 


BUILDERS    OP 


Steam,    Air   and    Hydraulic    Machinery. 

Home  Industry.— All  "Work  Tested  and  Guaranteed. 


Vertical  Engines, 

Baby  Hoists, 

Stamps, 

Horizontal  Engines, 

Ventilating  Fans, 

Pans, 

Automatic  Cut-off  Engines, 

Eock  Breakers, 

Settlers, 

Compound  Condensing  Engines, 

Self-Feeders, 

Retorts, 

Shafting, 

Pulleys, 

Etc.  ,  Etc. 

TRY    OUR    MAKE,  CHEAPEST   AND    BEST    IN    USE. 
Send  for  Late  Circulars.  PRESCOTT,  SCOTT  &  CO. 


"W"  i  1 1  i  a  m      H  awkins, 

Successor  to 

ZHZJ^W^IE^IILSrS  5c  C^ZL^T^ZELL, 
MACHINE      WO  R  KS, 

210  and  212  Beale  Street,  bet.  Howard  and  Folsom  Sts.,    -    -    San  Francisco. 

Manufacturers    of 

IMPROVED    PORTABLE    HOISTING     ENGINE, 

For   Mining  and   Other   Purposes. 

Steam  Engines  and  all  Kinds  of  Mil!  and  Mining  Machinery. 


Pacific  Rolling  Mill  Co., 

SAN    FRANCISCO,    CAL. 

MANUFACTURERS    OF 

RAILROAD  AND    MERCHANT  IRON, 

ROLLED  BEAMS,  ANGLE,  CHANNEL  AND  J  IRON,  BRIDGE  AND  MACHINE  BOLTS,  LAG  SCREWS,  NUTS 
WASHERS,  ETC.,   STEAMBOAT    SHAFTS,  CRANKS,  PISTONS,   CONNECTING    RODS,  ETC.,  ETC. 

Car  and  Locomotive  Axles  and  Frames,  and  Hammered  Iron  of  Every  Description. 

HIGHEST    PRICE    PAID    FOR    SCRAP    IRON. 

H2f  Orders  Solicited  and  Promptly  Executed.  Office,  No.  16  FIRST  STREET. 


Foalton    Iron   .Works. 

Hinckley,  Spiers  &  Hayes. 


(ESTABLISHED    IN    1855.) 


Works,  Fremont  and  Howard  Sts.  |  San  Francisco,  Cal.  |  Office,  No.  213  Fremont  St. 


MANUFACTURERS    OF 


Marine  Engines  and   Boilers, 


Propeller   Engines     either    High    Pressure    or  Com- 
pound Stern  or  Side  Wheel  Engines. 


Mining  Machinery. 


Hoisting  Engines  and  Works,  Cages,  Ore  Buckets,  Ore 
Cars,  Pumping  Engines  and  Pumps,  Water  Buckets, 
Pump  Columns,  Air  Compressors,  Air  Receivers, 
Air   Pipes. 

Mill  Machinery. 

Batteries  for  Dry  or    Wet  Crushing,    Amalgamating 


Pans,  Settlers,  Furnaces,  Retorts,  Concentrators,  Ore 
Feeders,  Rock  Breakers,  Furnaces  for  Reducing  Ores 
Water  Jackets,  Etc. 


Sugar  Machinery. 


Crushing  Rolls,  Clarifiers,  Vacuum  Pans,  Air  Pumps, 
Concentrators,  Bag  Filters,  Charcoal  Filters,  Blow-up 
Tanks,  Coolers  and  Receiving  Tanks. 


Miscellaneous  Machinery. 


Flour  Mill  Machinery,  Saw  Mill  Engines  and  Boilers, 
Dredging  Machinery,  Oil  Well  Retorts,  Powder  Mill  Ma- 
chinery, Water  Wheels. 

FnnfnPQ     Sinrl     RftilAPC    °*  a^  kinds,  either  for  use  on  Steamboats  and  made  in   accordance  with   the 
LliyHiCo     allU     DUIICI  O   Act  of  Congress  regulating  the  same,  or  for  use  on  land.  Water  Pipe,  Pump 
or  Air  Column,  Fish  Tanks  for  Salmon  Canneries  of  every  description. 
Boiler  repairs  promptly  attended  to  and  at  very  moderate  rates. 


PACIFIC    IRON    WORKS, 

First  and  Fremont  Streets,  between  Mission  and  Howard,  San  Francisco,  Cal., 
RANKIN,    BRAYTON    &    CO., 

Manufacturers    of 

ENGINES,  BOILERS,    MARINE    AND    STATIONARY.      PUMPING,    HOISTING,  AND    MINING    MACHINERY 

INCLUDING  BATTERIES,  AMALGAMATING  PANS  AND  SETTLERS,  CONCENTRATORS,  ORE  FEEDERS, 

CRUSHING  ROLLS  AND  ROCK  BREAKERS.    ALSO,  WATER  JACKET  SMELTING  FURNACES, 

FOR  REDUCING  LEAD,  SILVER   AND    COPPER   ORES,  QUICKSILVER   FURNACES, 

RETORTS  AND  CONDENSERS,  ROASTING  AND  CHLORIDIZING  FURNACES, 

SUGAR    MILL    MACHINERY',  WATER    WHEELS,  Etc.,   ALL    OF    THE 

LATEST  AND  MOST  IMPROVED  CONSTRUCTION. 

Agents  for  the  Allen  Engine  Governor,  Bailey  Air  Compressor,  Howell's 
Improved  White  Furnaces,  Walker's  Compound  Steam  Pumps,  Etc. 


"Western  Iron.  "TO7"o:e*1£.!S, 

316     and     318     Mission     Street,     San     Francisco, 

PERRY  EDWARDS,  Prop'r. 

Manufacturer  of  Wrought  Iron  Girders,  Trusses,   Prison   Cells,  Iron  Roofs.  Crest 
Railings,  Finials,  Fences,  Weathervanes,  Gratings,  Iron  Work  for  Models,  Etc. 

Nickel  Plated  Railings.        Bank  and  Store  Fittings.       Estimates  given  and  Iron  Work  furnished  for  Buildings. 


Take  the  Paper  that  stands  by  your  in- 
terests. 


Engraving  done  at  this  office, 


Corner  Beale  and  Howard  Sts., 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 

W.  H.  TAYLOR,  Pres't.  JOSEPH  MOORE,  Sup't. 

Builders  of  Steam  Machinery 

In  Ai/ii  its  Branches, 

Steamboat,  Steamship,  Land 

Engines  and  Boilers, 

HIGH  PRESSURE  OR  COMPOUND. 


STEAM  VESSELS,  of  all  kinds,  built  complete  with 

Hulls  of  Wood,  Iron  or  Composite. 
ORDINARY    ENGINES    compounded   when   ad- 

visable. 
STEAM  LAUNCHES,  Barges  and  Steam  Tugs  con- 
structed with  reference  to  the  Trade  in  which  they  are 

to  be  employed.     Speed,   tonnage  and  draft  of  water 

guaranteed. 
STEAM    BOILERS.    Particular  attention  given  to 

the  quality  of  the  material  and  workmanship,  and  none 

but  first-class  work  produced. 
SUGAR     MILLS     AND     SUGAR-MAKING 

MACHINERY  made  after  the  most  approved  plans. 

Also,  all  Boiler  Iron  Work  connected  therewith. 
WATER  PIPE,  of  Boiler  or  Sheet  Iron,    of  any  size 

made  in  suitable  lengths  for  connecting  together, 

sheets  rolled,  punched,  and  packed  for  shipment  ready 

to  be  riveted  on  the  ground. 
HYDRAULIC    RIVETING.      Boiler    Work    and 

Water  Pipe  made  by  this  establishment,    riveted  by 

Hydraulic   Riveting  Machinery,   that  quality  of  work 

being  far  superior  to  hand  work. 
SHIP    WORK.     Ship    and    Steam  Capstains,  Steam 

Winches,  Air  and  Circulating  Pumps,  made  after  the 

most  approved  plans. 
PUMPS.     Direct  Acting  Pumps,  for  Irrigation  or  City 

Water  Works  purposes,  built  with  the  celebrated  Davy 

Valve  Motion,  superior  to  any  other  Pump. 


—  at  the  — 

Electric  Model  &  Machine  Works 

Inventors  and  others  can  (*et  First-Class 
Work  at  Moderate  Prices. 

After  10  years  experience  with  inventions  and  other 
mechanical  work,  I  am  fully  prepared  to  execute  draw- 
ings, working-models  and  fine  machinery  of  any  descrip- 
tion to  entire  satisfaction. 

Brass  Finishing,  Pattern  Making,  Gear  Cutting,  Tele- 
graphic and  other  Electrical  Apparatus  by  competent 
workmen. 

TELEPHONES    TO    ORDER. 

F.  W.  FULLER,  4X5  Market  Street,  San  Francisco, 


Main    Street    Iron    Works, 

WM.    DEACON,    PROPRIETOR. 

Nos.  131, 133  &  135  Main  St.,  San  Francisco. 

Stationary  and  Marine  Engines, 

Shafting,  Pulleys',  and  General  Machine  Work.  Jobbing 
and  repairing  done  Promptly  and  at  Lowest  Rates. 
Screw  Propellors,  Propellor  and  Steamboat  Engines. 

SAW  MILLS  and  SAW  MILL  MACHINERY. 


»  /'6}xl2 
a     6x12 

p  ]    7x12 

11    8x12 

3       9x14 

Vl0xl4 

«  I  7x12 
S<    Sxi2 

|  9x14 
£)   1,10x14 


BERRY  &  ME 


Market,  head  of  Front  Street,  San  Francisco. 


Diamond    Drill    Co. 

The  undersigned,  owners  of  LESCHOT'S  PATENT 
for  DIAMOND  POINTED  DRILLS,  now  brought  to  the 
highest  state  of  perfection,  are  prepared  to  fill  orders 
for  the  IMPROVED  PROSPECTING  AND  TUNNELING 
DRILLS,  with  or  without  power,  at  short  notice,  aud. 
at  reduced  prices.  Abundant  testimony  furnished  of 
the  great  economy  and  successful  working  of  numerous 
machines  in  operation  in  the  quartz  and  gravel  mines 
on  this  coast.  Circulars  forwarded,  and  full  infor- 
mation given  upon  application. 

A.  J.  SEVERANCE  &  CO. 
Office,  No.  320  Sansomc  street.  Room  10. 


GOLD    MINE    WANTED. 

One  now  paying  more  than  expenses.     Addres 

W.    S.    KEYES,    M.    E., 
No.  310  Pine  St.,  Room  42,   San   Francisco 


Prompt  Attention  to  Business. 

Aurora,  Nev.,  Dec.  7th,  1878. 
Messrs.  Dewey  &  Co.,  S.  F.—  Dear  Sirs:— I  acknowl- 
edge the  receipt  of  my  patent  per  express  this  morning, 
and  am  obliged  for  same.  I  do  not  know  what  to  say  to 
you  regarding  your  prompt  attention  to  business;  but  will 
say  to  my  friends  what  I  cannot  say  to  you.  Many  thanks 
is  what  you  will  get  from   Yours  truly,       C.  W.  Laks. 


March  22,  1879.") 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


191 


A.  L.  FISH  &  CO.,  9  and  1 1  First  St.,  S.  F.,  Cal. 


Air, Compressors     Qpjjg  pj^jf  gXEAM  PIP.   ROCK  DRILLS, 

AND 


ing  Engines, 


THORNE  &  DeHAVEN 

portable  dr  ill.  Fire   Engines, 


Hose  Carts. 


Portable  Engines, 


Waters'  Perfect 

Wine,   Cider,      ENGINE  governor. 


Ferris  &  Miles'  Lathe 


For  all  Purposes  where  Pumping  is  Requ'red. 


FERRIS   &   MILES'   PLANER. 


ENGINES,     BOILERS,    QUARTZ    MILLS,    SAW    MILLS,    &c.,    &c. 


RUSSELL'S  AMALGAMATOR. 


THE  SAFETY  POWDER  COMPANY 

San  Francisco.  Cal. 


Patented  June  25th,  187S, 


S^"V"JH    IrTOTTIR,    GOLD 
And    Also    SAVE    YOUR    QUICKSILVER. 

The  above  Washer  and  Amalgamator  with  new  patent  Wire  Bridge  Quicksilver  Boxes  attached,  can  be  worked 
at  or  dry,  either  by  hand,  steam,  horse  or  water  power,  and  is  easily  taken  apart  and  packed.  For  washing  Pulp, 
"itrth,  Gravel,  Milt  Tailings  or  Black  Sand,  it  is  without  a  rival. 

Has  been  Thoroughly  Tested  and  given  Complete  Satisfaction. 


The  entire  Lining,  Hanging  Plates,  Riffles  and  Boxes  Amalgamated 

i    GUARANTEED    TO   SAVE    THE    FINEST    OR     FLOAT     GOLD. 

Capacity,  30  to  60  Ions  per  day,  according  to  size.     For  further  particulars  apply  to 

J.   MORIZIO,  Gen'l  Agt., 

Room  24,  Safe  Deposit  Building,  Corner  Montgomery  and  California  Streets,    SAN  FKANCISCO- 


SANDERSON  BROS.  &  GO.'S 

Best  Refined.  Cast-Steel. 

Warranted  Most  Superior  for  Drills,  Hammers,  Etc. 

A  full  and    complete   stock   of  this   reliable  and  well-known 
Drand  of  Steel,  for  mining  and  other  uses,  now  in  stock  and  for  sale 

\\  No  417  Market  Si,  S.  F.,   -    H.  D.  Morris,  Agent. 


CARTRIDGE. 


GEN.  W.  S.  ROSECRANS, 
President. 


Safety  Cap  and  Fuse. 


Fuse  Lighter  and  Fufg. 


COL.  SANI'L  0.  GREGORY, 
Secretary. 


Electric  Cap. 


Safety  Powder/Caps.  Electric  Caps,  and  Fuse  Lighters. 

Under  a  series  of  U.  S.  Patents,  after  long  and  carefully  conducted  experiments  and  thou- 
sands of  tests,  tliis  Company  is  prepared  to  manufacture  and  supply,  for  Mining  and  Engineering 
Works,  the  above  named  articles  at  prices  and  on  terms  as  favorable  as  articles  of  similar  grades 
are  now  supplied  in  this  market.  Our  Powders  contain  no  Nitro-glycerine,  no  Nitroline,  no  Gun 
Cotton,  no  Fulminates,  and  are  free  from  the  unavoidable  dangers  in  manufacturing 
transporting,  handling  and  using  of  all  high  grade  explosives  which  contain  those  elements. 

Cold  does  not  affect  them.  They  c^use  no  headaches  or  other  inconveniences  in  handling, 
j  and  the  smoke  from  their  explosion  contains  no  poisoning  or  sicjtening  vapors. 

Their  blasting  force,  wjth  slight  tamping,  at  least  equals  that  of  any  Powders  now  used,  but 
they  admit  and  require  strong  tamping  to  bring  out  their  immense  and  peculiar  lifting  power 
which  follows  their  detonating  work.     They  should  be  tired,  therefore,  by  our 

Safety   Cap, 

Which  allows  tamping  without  danger.  They  can  be  tired  by  any  caps  now  employed  in  blasting, 
but  the  use  of  these  is  always  dangerous  with  any  Powder,  and  the  loss  of  the  throwing  [power 
resulting  from  lack  of  tamping  renders  it  with  our  Powders  doubly  objectionable. 

Our  SAFETY  CAPS  have  twice  or  thrice  the  force  of  triple  Giant  Caps.  When  set  on  fire 
they  do   not  explode,  but  merely  burn  off,  and  are  perfectly  safe  in  transporting  and  in  tamping. 

In  round  tin  boxes,  50  cents. 


San   Francisco   Pioneer   Screen   Works. 

W.    QUICK,   MANUFACTURER, 

Several  first  premiums  received 
for  Quartz  Mill  Screens,  and  Per- 
forated Sheet  Metals  «of  every 
•  k'scriptit.n.  I  would  call  special 
attention  to  my  SLOT  CUT  and 
SLOT  PUNCHED  SCREENS, 
which  are  attracting  much  at- 
tention and  giving  universal 
satisfaction.  This  is  the  only 
establishment  on  the  coast  de- 
voted exclusively  to  the  manufac- 
ture of  ScreenB.  Mill  owners  using  Battery  Screens  exten- 
ively  can  contract  for  large  supplies  at  favorable  rates. 
Orders  solicited  and  promptly  attended  to, 

32  Fremont  Street.  San  Francisco. 


Prompt  and  Successful.—  Messrs.  Dewey  &  Co:— Gci 
leraen:  Your  Circular  letter,  12th  hist.,  informing  me  of 
uucesaful  termination  of  my  application  for  patent  re- 
vived. Please  accept  thanks  for  the  prompt  and  suc- 
:eBBful  manner  in  which  you  have  managed  this  business 
fours  reapectfully,  J.  H.  Cavanauqh 

Walla  Walla,  Dee.  24th. 


THE     AMERICAN 


AlJ  sizes, 

and  adapted  to 

from 

3  to  500 

feet  head. 


TIE3IN. 

Water  Wheels 


THE  BEST  IN  THE 
WORLD  ! 

Send  for  our  Circular 
and  Prices. 

3ERRY&  PLACE. 

[Market  St.,  Head  of  Front, 

San  Francisco. 


The  Safety   Fuse   Lighter 


Cheap,  handy  and  sure  to  light  the  Fuse  upon  the  end  of  which  it  is  fastened,   only  needs  a  trial 
to  be  appreciated  by  every  miner  who  is  up  to  "snuffs."     25  Cents  per  box;  sent  by  mail. 

Safety   Fuse, 

Equal  to  the  best  in  the  market,  will  be  supplied  at  the  lowest  market  pricea. 


In  consequence  of  spurious  imitations  of 

LEA    AND    PERRINS'    SAUCE, 

which  are  calculated  to  deceive  the  Public,  Lea  and  Perrins 
have  adopted  A  NEW  LABEL,  bearing  their  Signature, 
thus, 

which  is  placed  on  every  bottle  of  WORCESTERSHIRE 

SA  UCE,  and  without  which  none  is  genuine. 

AsiforLEA  &  rERRINS'  Sauce,  andsee  Name  on  Wrapper,  Laid,  Bottle  and  Stopper. 
Wholesale  and  for  Export  by  the  Proprietors,  Worcester;  Crosse  and  Blackwell,  London, 
Grc,  &c. ;  and  by  Grocers  and  Oilmen  throughout  the  World. 

To  be  obtained  of  CEOSS  St  CO..  San  Francisco. 


192 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[March  22,    1879. 


Mining    Machinery    Depot, 

PARKE   &   LACY,   417   Market  St. 

AIR  COMPRESSORS  and  ROCK  DRILLS.. 


Trucks. 


FIRE  ENGINES, 

Bahcock  Chemical  Engines, 

Hose  Carts  and  Fire  Extinguishers. 


Centrifugal  Pumps  for  Irrigating.      burleigh  air    compressor 


HOISTING    ENGI1TES, 

ALL  SIZES,  DOUBLE  AND  SINGLE,  WITH  SINGLE  and  DOUBLE  REELS. 

Pressure  Blowers.     Diamond  Anti-Friction  Metal.     Flexible   Shafts. 
PUMP 

And 

AIR 
COLUMN. 

BURLEIGH   ROCK   DRILL,       HOOK 

Does  more  "work  at  Less  Cost  And 

THAN  ANY  OTHER   ROCK  DRILL.   LADDER 

Lathe  Chucks.     Farmers'  Battery. 


Gives  Better  Results  than  any 
Compressor  Known. 


Putnam's    Wood-Working    Machinery. 

MACHINISTS'   TOOLS. 


DEANE'S     STEAM      PUMPS, 

VERTICAL     AND     HORIZONTAL. 


HILL'S    EXPLODERS. 
SEND    FOR  CIRCULARS. 


HERCULES    SLATING    THE    GIANTS. 


HERCULES  POWDER 

Derives  its  name  from   Hercules,  the  most  famous  hero  of  Greek  Mythology,  who  was  gifted  with  superhuman 

strength.    On  one  occasion  he  slew  several  giants  who  opposed  him,  and  with  one  blow  of 

his  club  broke  a  high  mountain  from  summit  to  base. 


HERCULES  POWDER  will  break  more  rock,  is  stronger,  safer  and  better  than  any  other 
Explosive  in  use,  and  is  the  only  Nitro-Glycerine  Powder  chemically  compounded  to  neutralize 
the  poisonous  fumes,  notwithstanding  bombastic  and  pretentious  claims  by  others. 

No.  1  (XX)  is  the  Strongest  Explosive  Known- 
No.  2  is  superior  to  any  powder  of  that  grade, 

PATENTED  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE. 


THE    CALIFORNIA    POWDER   WORKS, 


MANUFACTURERS  OF 


Sporting,  Cannon,  Mining,  Blasting  and  HERCULES  Powder. 

ORDERS  RECEIVED  FOR  HERCULES  CAPS  AND  FUSE. 

JOHN  F.  LOHSE,  SECY. 

Office,  No.  230  California  Street,  -  -  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


MANUFACTURED  UNDER  A.    NOBEL'S  ORIGINAL  AND  ONLY  VALID  NITRO-GLYCERINE  PATENTS 

Nos.  ONE,    TWO    and    THREE. 

Stronger,    Better  and  Safer  than  any  other  High  Explosive. 

«PacLson    Powder 

IS  NOW  USED  IN  ALL  LARGE  HYDRAULIC  CLAIMS. 

It  breaks  more  ground,   pulverizes  it  better,   saves  time  and  money,   and  is    superseding    the    ordinary 
powder  wherever  it  is  tried.    jJSTTriple  Force  Caps  and  all  Grades  of  Fuse. 

BANDMANN,    NIELSEN    &    CO..  San  Francisco. 


FRANCIS  SMITH  &  CO., 


</» 


Manufacturers  of 


a-  THE    PATENT    CHANNEL   IRON    WHEELBARROWS.  m 

3C?  THE  STRONGEST  BARROW  MADE.     These  Barrows  arc  made  by  Superior   Workmen,  and  ^» 

ffr  of  the  best  material.     All  sizes  kept  constantly  on  hand.  __ 

2E  SHEET   IRON    PIPE.  g 

■  Lap-Welded  Pipe,  all  Sizes,  from  Three  to  Six  Inches.    Artesian  Well   Pipe.  2E 

Also,  Galvanized  Iron  Boilers,  fr..m.  25  to  lOO  Gallons. 

IbLJ  Iron  Cut,  Punched,  and  Formed  for  making  Pipe  on  ground,  where  required.    AH  kinds  of  Tools  ^U 

tjj  supplied  for  making  Pipes.     Estimates  given  when  required.     Are  prepared  for  coating  all  size  of  — 

ii—  ■■  Pipes  with  a  composition  of  Coal  Tar  and  Agphaltum.  ;=^3 

t/>  Office  and  Manufactory,  130  Beale  Street,  San  Francisco.  ni 


EVERY   MILLMAN    WANTS    ONE! 


A  new  Instrument  for  cutting  Lace  Leather  to  any  desired  width,  up  to  g  inch.  Every  man  who  has  ever  had 
occasion  to  cut  a  lace  will  appreciate  the  value  of  it  at  once.  It  will  save  the  price  of  itself  in  cutting  up  one  side  of 
lacing,  besides  the  loss  of  time.    Sent  by  mail.    Price,  50  Cents.    Address  all  orders  to 

BERRY  &  PLACE,  Machinery  Dealers.  San  Francisco. 


VULCAN  BLASTING  POWDER. 


The  strongest  and 
most  economical  ex- 
plosive in  use. 


Wherever  it  has  been  given  a  test,  it  has  surpassed  all  other  high  explosives. 

U/nnl/c  at    SAN  PABLO,  California,  | 

VVUIKSctl        and  RENO.  Nevada. 


ftffitf*n      No.  123  California   Street, 
Ullll/K,  SA_N    FRANCISCO. 


GARDNERS' 

Celebrated 


Governor 


These  Steam  Governors   have   long- 
been  known  as  THE  BEST,  and 
as  lately  Improved  and  Per- 
fected, they  have  no  Rival. 

THE    SAFETY     STOP 

On  these  Governors  is  alone   worth   double  the  price  of 
the  Governor.    We  have  sold  over  six  hundred,  and 

Never  one  has  Failed. 

They  are  sold  at  the  same  price  (or  less)  aa  ordinary 
Governors.     Send  for  Circular. 

BERRY   &   PLACE, 

Market,  head  of  Front  St.,  San  Francisco 


This  paper  is  printed  with  Ink  furnished  by 
Chas.  Eneu  Johnson  &  Co.,  509  South  10th 
St.,  Philadelphia  &  59  Gold  St.,  N.  Y. 


The  Large  Circulation  of  the  Min- 
ing  and  Scientific  Press  extends  through- 
out the  mining  districts  of  California,  Nevada, 
Utah,  Colorado,  Arizona,  Idaho,  Montana- 
British  Columbia,  and  to  other  parts  of  North 
and  South  America.  Established  in  lSb'O,  it 
has  long  been  the  leading  Mining  Journal  of 
the  continent,  its  varied  and  reliable  contents 
giving  it  a  character  popular  with  both  its 
reading  and  advertising  patrons. 

Paul's  Dry  Amalgamating 

Barrel  process. 


This  is  the  most  perfect  of  all  systems  for  amalgamating 
the  precious  metals— more  especially  gold,  for  which  it  is 
absolutely  perfect,  the  per  cent,  of  metal  obtainable  being 
only  governed  by  the  fineness  of  reduction  of  ore.  It  will 
gather  the  flour  gold  with  the  same  readiness  as  the 
coarse.  The  machinery  and  operation  is  simple  and  prac- 
tical—not  requiring  skilled  labor.  Its  efficiency  is  verified 
by  mills  in  practical  operation.  I  will  contract  for  rums 
of  10,  20,  or  50-ton  capacity  per  24  hours.  Pampnlets,  ex- 
plaining the  process  more  fully,  forwarded  on  receipt  oi 
address.     For  further  particulars  apply  to 

ALMARIN    B-    PAUL, 
Room  20,  Safe  Deposit  Building,  San  Francisco. 


BY    WiiWKV    £t    OO. 
PubllMhcrn. 


SAN  FRANCISCO,  SATURDAY,  MARCH  29,  1879. 


volume  atxjxiviii 

Number     13. 


Michel's  Improved  Amalgamator. 

We  illustrate  herewith  an  improved  amalga- 
mating pan,  recently  patented  through  the 
Min'ini;  and  Scientific  PRESS  Patent  Agency 
by  Justin  Michel,  of  Nevada  city,  CaL  The 
invention  consists  in  a  pan  provided  with  a 
bottom  gradually  descending  from  the  center 
to  the  circumference,  and  provided  with  a  flar- 
ing rim,  which  merges  into  an  outwardly 
curved  projection  or  rim,  whereby  a  more  rapid 
feed,  and  circulation  are  kept  up,  the  form 
of  the  bottom  always  starting  the  current  at 
once  outwardly,  and  aiding  the  centrifugal  ac- 
tion. 

A  represents  the  amalgamating  pan  with  en- 
closed sides,  X,  mounted  on  the  usual  stand- 
ards, and  having  the  pulley,  B,  shaft,  C,  gear, 
D,  and  pinion,  £?,  as  shown,  for  directing  the 
power  to  the  operating  parts. 

In  the  center  of  the  pan  is  a  hollow  stand- 
ard, E,  which  projects  upwardly  above  the  top 
of  the  pan  and  inside  of  which  plays  the  verti- 
cal shaft,  F,  having  the  pinion,  E,  at  its  lower 
Bnd  engaging  with  the  gear,  D.  A  collar,  G, 
is  formed  on  this  vertical  shaft,  which  revolves 
on  top  of  the  hollow  standard,  thus  forming  a 
bearing  for  said  shaft  A  hollow  cylinder  or 
sleeve,  H,  slips  down  over  the  shaft,  F,  and 
standard,  E.  This.sleeve  has  an  extension,  /, 
made  somewhat  smaller  than  the  sleeve,  and 
inside  of  which  the  upper  end  of  the  shaft  pro- 
jects, the  sleeve  itself  enclosing  the  stand- 
ard, E. 

At  the  point  where  the  sleeve  and  extension 
join,  an  offset  is  formed  as  shown,  the  sleeve 
aeing  larger  in  diameter  than  the  extension, 
ind  at  the  same  time  thicker.  Feed  holes,  J, 
ire  bored  or  formed  vertically  down  through 
the  sleeve,  H,  communicating  with  the  center 
if  the  pan,  as  shown.  Several  of  these  feed 
holes  are  formed  in  the  sleeve,  and  the  pulp  is 
fed  to  the  pan  through  them. 

An  upwardly  extending  rim   or  flange,  K,  is 

formed  on  or  attached  to  the  upper  end  of  the 

deeve,  H,  and  answers  as  a  sort   of  a  hopper 

ibove  the  feed  holes.     The   ore   fed  into   this 

ring  or  hopper,  passes  down  through   the   feed 

tubes  to  the  center  of  the  pan,  so  that  a  sort  of 

"annul  is  formed  for  the  continuous  introduction 

)f  ore  and  water.     To   the   lower   part   of  the 

Ibleeve,  H,   are  attached   the   muller   rings   or 

■Li-ames,  L,  to  which  are  secured  the   shoes,  M, 

[jpy  dovetail  mortise  and  tenon. 

II    The  dies,  Q,  are  so  placed  in  the  bottom  of 

I  l;he  pan  as  to  leave  a  groove,  N,  around  the 

<  '.enter   of  the  pan,    into   which   quicksilver  is 

4  (placed.     The  lower  part  of   the   sleeve   is  cut 

nit  way  above   this  groove,  N,  as  shown   at  0,  so 

bhat  amalgamation    may  be    accomplished  by 

jentripetal  injection,  the  centripetal  force  being 

ndnced   by  means   of  the   curved  rim,  P,    as 

lereinafter  described. 

The  dies,  Q,  are  so  formed  as  to  leave  a 
groove,  R,  around  the  pan,  into  which  quick- 
ulver  is  introduced  for  amalgamation  by  cen- 
trifugal injection,  the  centrifugal  force  being 
nduced  by  the  rotation  of  the  arms  and  shoes 
ittached  to  the  sleeve. 

On  the  upper  sides  of  the  arms  or  frames,  L, 
ire  placed  adjustable  agitators,  T,  which,  by 
■heir  peculiar  shape,  regulate  the  centrifugal 
notion  of  the  water.  These  agitators  have  a 
et  screw  or  common  screw,  S,  by  which  they 
ire  attached  to  the  arms  or  frame,  and  which 
vill  hold  them  in  any  desired  angle  or  position. 
The  pan  has  an  inwardly-projecting  curved 
am,  P,  which  tends  to  direct  the  heavier  par- 
ades of  ore  to  the  center.  The  lighter  par- 
icles  flow  over  the  edge  of  this  rim,  and  fall 
nto  the  channeled  plate  or  conveyor,*^1',  pass- 
ng  from  this  through  the  spout,  (I,  to  the  set- 
lers,  or  wherever  it  is  desired  to  lead  them. 

A  feather,  F,  is  formed  in  the  upper  end  of 
h,e  vertical  shaft,  F,  which  engages  with  a  lon- 
[ltudinal  groove  formed  in  the  extension,  /,  of 
he  Bleeve,  H,  so  that  when  the  shaft,  F,  is  set 
u  motion,  this  motion  is  imparted  to  the  sleeve 
arrying  the  arms  and  shoes. 

In  order  to  be  able  to  regulate  the  hight  of 
he  shoes  and  dies,  a  set  screw,  V,  passes  down 
hrough  the  upper  end  of  the  extension,  /,  and 
ts  lower  end  rests  on  the  top  of  the  shaft,  F,  a 
uitable  bearing  being  formed  at  that  point. 
!lS  this  set  screw  is  screwed  through  this  ex- 
ension,  by  turning  it  the   extension   may  be 


raised  or  lowered,  thus  raising  or  lowering  the 
sleeve  carrying  the  arms  or  shoes.  A  discharge 
pipe,  W,  on  the  lower  side  of  the  pan,  is  used 
for  drawing  off  the  contents  when  it  is  desired 
to  clean  up  the  pan. 

It  mil  be  seen  from  the  foregoing  description 
that  continuous  feed  and  discharge  may  be 
maintained  in  this  improved  pan.  The  pulp 
may  be  lead  by  appropriate  means  into  the  ring 
or  receiver,  A",  and  13  directed  by  the  holes  in 
the  shell  down  to  the  bottom  of  the  pan,  where 
it  falls  into  the  quicksilver  in  the  central 
groove,  iV.  The  natural  centrifugal  motion  im- 
parted to  the  mass  of  pulp  by  the  motion  of  the 
shoes  and  agitators  is  such  as  to  direct  it  to  the 
outer  edge  of  the  pan,  where  it  again  mingles 
with  the  quicksilver  in  the  groove  or  channel, 
R.  The  pulp  is  then  directed  by  the  inclined 
or  beveled  edge  of  the  pan  toward  the  upper 


pans.  The  quicksilver  not  being  ground  is  not 
"floured"  into  fine  particles  which  will  pass  off 
and  be  lost. 

As  a  uniform  motion  of  the  water  and  pulp, 
while  the  pan  is  in  operation  is  desirable,  the 
adjustable  agitators  are  added.  When  the  shoes 
are  new  the  desired  velocity  is  obtained  without 
the  use  of  agitators;  but  as  the  former  wear 
down,  the  position  of  the  latter  is  changed  so 
as  to  keep  the  motion  of  the  water  and  pulp  the 
same.  Those  desiring  further  particulars  con- 
cerning the  new  pan  may  address  Mr.  Michel, 
the  inventor,  at  the  address  before  given. 


Ay  Appointment  Fjtto  be  Made. — Clarence 

King,  on  nomination  of  President   Hayes,    has 

been  confirmed  by  the  Senate  Director  of   the 

j  United   States   Geological   Survey.     This  (and 


FIG.    1.    MICHEL'S    IMPROVED    AMALGAMATING    PAN. 


edge  of  the  pan,  where  it  strikes  the  inwardly- 
projecting  curved  rim,  P,  which  throws'  the 
heavier  particles  of  pulp  by  centrifugal  action 
toward  the  central  groove,  N,  through  the  open- 
ing, 0,  where  they  may  again  mingle  with  the 
quicksilver.  The  lighter  material  may  then 
pass  off  with  the  water,  which  is  continuously 
overflowing  all  around  the  pan.  In  this  way 
the  pan  is  kept  free  by  the  ore  passing  off  in  the 
muddy  water  after  it  is  ground  sufficiently  fine 


Fig.  2.    Arrangement  of  Muller. 

to  float,  and  the  ore  is  not  ground  and  re-ground 
as  in  other  pans. 

The  grooves,  N  and  R,  are  formed  by  the  dies 
or  false  bottoms  as  shown  in  Fig.  3,  which  are 
of  the  same  dimensions  as  the  shoes  or  grinders, 
and  which  do  not  cover  the  entire  surface  of 
the  bottom,  but  leave  the  channel  around  the 
outer  edge  and  center  of  the  pan  as  described. 
These  grooves  are  filled  with  quicksilver,  where 
it  is  held  in  one  body,  instead  of  being  ground 
with  the  pulp,  as  is  the  case  with  manyordinary 


we  say  it  without  any  purpose  to  disparage  the 
claims  of  others  to  the  position,  if  such  were 
made,)  is  the  right  man  in  the  right  place. 
The  former  two  surveys,  the  one  under  Dr. 
Hayden,  and  the  other  under  Lieutenant 
Wheeler,  having  been  consolidated,  no  more 
competent  or  deserving  man  could  have  been 
chosen  for  superintending  the  whole  work  than 
Mr.  King.  Dr.  Hayden  was,  perhaps,  equally 
well  qualified  for  the  place,  but  having  opposed 
the  consolidation,  his  aspiration  to  the  position 
of  General  Director  almost  necessarily  met  with 
disappointment  when  this  opposition  failed  of 
its  object. 

Call  for  More  Meteorology. — The  New 
York  Herald  calls  for  more  frequent  meteoro- 
logical observations  by  the  government  for  the 
protection  of  commerce  and  agriculture  east  and 
west.  Instead  of  one  set  of  observations  limited 
to  this  continent,  they  should  reach  Europe  and 
Asia.  For  an  international  system  worthy  of 
great  countries  we  should  have  a  daily  exchange 


Fig.  3.    Dies  in  Michel's  Pan. 

of  observations  through  several  centers — Wash- 
ington, San  Francisco,  London  or  Paris,  Berlin 
or  Vienna,  St.  Petersburg,  Rome,  Constanti- 
nople or  Cairo,  Calcutta  and  Yokohama. 


The  first  importation  of  American  meats  into 
Germany  some  years  ago  resulted  in  failure. 
The  last  season  35,000,000  pounds  were  import- 
ed there  of  beef  of  the  best  quality,  sown 
tightly  in  thick  canvas, 


Artificial  Crystals  of  Gold. 

We  have  received  from  Prof.  Albert  Chester, 
of  Hamilton  College,  New  York,  two  micro- 
scopic slides  containing  artificial  crystals  of 
gold,  one  prepared  by  the  battery  process  from 
a  solution  of  the  chloride,  the  other  from  an 
amalgam,  the  mecury  of  which  is  driven  off  by 
digesting  with  nitric  acid  instead  of  by  heat. 
As  is  known  to  all  experimenters,  the  form  of 
the  artificial  crystals  from  a  solution  of  the  chlo- 
ride, is  a  most  beautiful  and  delicate  feather  or 
fern-leaf  form,  but  those  sent  by  Prof.  Chester 
are  the  handsomest  we  have  seen.  He  has  been 
making  microscopic  observations  of  the  points 
of  difference  between  the  natural  and  artificially 
produced  crystals  of  gold,  the  results  of  which 
have  been  communicated  to  Eastern  scientific 
journals.  Briefly,  it  may  be  remarked  that  the 
crystalline  forms  observed  upon  bars  of  pure 
gold  cast  for  dental  use,  are  generally  tringular 
and  occasionally  show  several  faces  of  the  octo- 
hedron,butare  never  hexagonal,  as  is  frequently 
the  case  with  natural  crystals.  Nor  do  these 
bars  show  the  dendritic  forms  so  common  in 
nature,  and  now  easily  obtained  artificially  by 
deposition  from  a  solution. 

Concerning  the  feather  or  arborescent  forms 
obtained  by  the  battery  process,  Prof.  Chester 
has  published  interesting  observations  Bhowing 
that  the  angle  which  the  side  ribs  make  with 
the  mid-rib,  is  unvariably  one  of  69°,  making 
an  angle  of  120°  between  the  two  sets  of  side 
ribs.  Prof.  Chester  notes  that  it  ib  very  diffi- 
cult to  measure  the  angles  in  the  case  of  these 
artificial  crystals,  because  the  mid-rib  is  usually 
more  or  less  curved  and  the  whole  form  presents 
great  irregularities.  However,  he  sought  to 
prove  the  constancy  of  the  120°  angle,  between 
the  two  side  ribs,  by  a  long  series  of  measui  e- 
ments.  A  series  of  50  measurements  of  crystals 
taken  at  random,  gave  an  average  of  119°  85', 
which  is  certainly  a  close  approximation.  On 
these  crystals  Prof.  Chester  also  notes  the  ex- 
treme flatness  of  the  feather-formed  crystals, 
one  of  them  being  fully  studied  under  a  power 
of  300  diameters  without  a  change  of  focus. 
This  is  uuusual  iu  crystals  of  isometric  forms. 

The  second  slide  which  we  received  shows 
the  octohedrons  obtained  from  an  amalgam  al- 
lowed to  form  on  a  surface  of  pure  gold.  If  the 
amalgam  is  treated  by  heat,  the  mercury  is 
driven  off  and  the  surface  left  amorphous  or 
covered  with  angular  depressions.  Distinct  but 
minute  crystals  of  gold  amalgam  may  be  easily 
obtained  if  the  mercury  is  dissolved  out  with 
dilute  nitric  acid.  A  series  of  measurements 
on  a  number  of  these  crystals  proves  them  to 
belong  to  the  hexagonal  system.  The  average 
of  48  measurements  of  the  prismatic  angle  is 
119°  53',  the  six  angles  of  the  most  perfect  one 
measuring  as  follows:  120°  30';  1216  6';  119  12'; 
119°  6T  120°  36'  and  120°  12'.  These  crystals 
are  often  imperfect.  The  pyramidal  planes  are 
sometimes  entirely  wanting,  the  crystal  having 
only  a  basal  termination.  The  base  is  often 
hollow,  ^.nd  in  one  case  was  entirely  gone.  In 
the  American  Journal  of  Microscopy  for  Janu- 
ary, 1S79,  Prof.  Chester  gives  fuller  details 
concerning  the  characteristics  of  these  crystals 
and  the  methods  by  which  they  are  best  at- 
tained. The  study  is  of  much  interest  to  stud- 
ents of  crystallography. 

The  Visalia  Delta  is  now  published  by 
Walker  &  Barnes,  who  recently  purchased  the 
office  of  E.  M.  Dewey.  Mr.  Dewey  has  spent 
some  10  years  in  active  service  as  editor  and 
publisher  of  the  Delta,  and  succeeded  boldly 
and  independently  in  making  it  one  of  the  most 
successful  local  weeklies  in  the  State.  We  are 
fully  acquainted  with  Mr.  Walker,  a  sincere  and 
reliable  man,  and  efficient  job  printer,  and 
understand  that  himself  and  partner  are  well 
calculated  to  maintain  the  efficiency  and  increase 
the  popularity  of  the  establishment.  The  office 
is  one  of  the  best  equipped  iu  the  interior  of 
California. 

The  coal  industry  of  Pennsylvania  has  reach- 
ed enormous  proportions,  the  annual  product 
being  valued  at  §50,000,000.  The  first  coal 
mined,  amounting  to  a  few  hundred  tons,  was 
sold  in  Philadelphia  in  1813  for  $21  a  ton. 


194 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[March  2g,  1879. 


CORRESPONDENCE. 


We  admit,  unendorsed,  opinions  of  correspondents.  —Eds. 


Nevada's  Wealth. 

A  Great  Salt  Marsh. 

Editors  Press: — I  did  not  complete  my  in- 
tended descriptions  of  the  various  matters  of 
interest  in  my  former  letter,  for  fear  of  tres- 
passing upon  your  columns,  and  yet  your  paper 
is  devoted  to  the  diffusion  of  knowledge  aod 
the  publication  of  facts  that  pertain  to  the  bene- 
fit of  the  whole  country;  and  as  I  found  the 
Scientific  Press  in  nearly  every  cabin  I  visited 
in  the  mines,  I  shall  presume  upon  its  columns 
to  give  the  people  outside  of  Nevada  the  facts 
concerning  tlje  dormant  wealth  that  lies  hidden 
amid  the  mountain  ranges  and  marshes  and  val- 
leys of  that  young  State. 

Among  our  explorations  of  the  great  salt 
marshes,  one  very  remarkable  curiosity  at- 
tracted my  attention,  and  that  was  the  number 
of  fresh  water  springs  flowing  up  and  spreading 
out  over  the  surrounding  ground,  and  in  close 
proximity  to  the  salt  springs  and  not  more  than 
100  feet  from  the  large  soda  spring.  The  open- 
ing in  the  ground  was  circular  in  form  and  about 
two  feet  in  diameter.  We  could  look  down 
into  the  clear,  sparkling  water  for  several  feet 
and  it  apparently  had  no  bottom.  Nature 
seems  to  have  been  very  lavish  in  her  experi- 
ments at  this  point  in  regard  to  springs,  for 
there  certainly  is  not  another  such  a  combina- 
tion of  waters  impregnated  with  so  great  a 
variety  of  mineral  salts  on  the  face  of  the  globe. 
The  terminal  points  seem  to  have  centered  in 
this  basin  from  sources  that  are  miles  away,  and 
born  in  their  subterranean  passages,  each  and 
every  one  keeping  separate  and  distinct  until 
they  unite  and  mingle  upon  the  surface,  where 
each  forms  its  own  peculiar  deposit. 

The  fresh  water  springs  contained  consider- 
able carbonate  of  lime  (Ca  Co2  ),  but  was  ex- 
ceedingly fresh  and  pure  and  cold;  and  at  no 
distant  day  will  this  spot  be  visited  by  the  most 
scientific  as  an  anomaly  in  nature  worthy  of 
their  deepest  thought  and  most  vigorous  re- 
search. 

About  three  miles  distant  in  the  same  valley, 
and  quietly  sleeping  beneath  the  shadow  of  a 
lofty  mountain,  can  be  seen  the  famous  hot 
springs,  where  the  miners  from  the  adjacent 
mining  camps  would  often  gather  to  boil  their 
eggs  (if  they  had  any)  or  make  themselves  a  hot 
cup  of  tea.  Some  one  more  enterprising  than 
the  rest,  and  having  an  eye  to  his  sanitary  con- 
dition, has  erected  a  board  shanty  over  one  and 
arranged  a  sluice  way  for  bathing  purposes;  and 
when  the  population  of  the  State,  or  of  this 
surrounding  country  especially,  becomes  suffi- 
ciently numerous,  this  will  be  a  grand  resort  for 
bathing  purposes.  Then  do  not  consider  me  ex- 
travagant in  my  expressions  of  wonder  at  this 
remarkable  group  of  springs,  as  there  are  soda 
springs,  borax  springs,  soft-water  springs,  lime- 
stone springs,  salt  springs,  sulphur  springs,  iron 
springs,  magnesia  springs,  bitter  springs,  and 
last,  but  not  least,  iodine  springs — all  within 
the  radius  of  a  few  miles. 

As  there  are  over  2, 000  springs,  and  each  spring 
capable  of  producing  from  one  to  five  tons  each 
per  day,  it  is  easy  to  calculate  the  magnitude  of 
the  amount  of  salt  that  this  source  could  supply; 
and  putting  the  gross  yield  at  3,000  tons  per 
day  (a  low  average),  and  the  price  at  $20  per 
ton,  delivered  in  your  city,  would  make  an  ag- 
gregate of  $60,000  per  day,  or  §18,000,000  per 
annum  for  300  working  days.  And  as  the  flow 
of  brine  is  continuous,  what  an  immense  source 
of  wealth  this  will  be  to  the  State,  and  as  it  is 
an  amount  over  and  above  consumption,  the 
effect  upon  the  general  prosperity  of  the  State 
would  be  felt  in  every  avenue  of  its  prosperity. 
The  only  drawback  at  present  is  the  want  of  a 
more  expeditious  way  of  getting  it  to  market, 
and  as  a  narrow-gauge  railroad  could  be  built 
from  Wadsworth  to  the  springs,  a  distance  of 
110  miles,  for  $600,000,  it  certainly  cannot  re- 
main long  in  this  unprofitable  condition.  Some 
of  our  enterprising  capitalists  will  certainly  step 
in  and  build  a  road,  that  they  are  assured  will 
have  3,000  tons  of  freight  one  way  and  a  large 
amount  the  other  way.  # 

I  passed  over  the  entire  distance  from  Wads- 
worth  to  the  springs,  and  can  safely  say  that 
$300  per  mile  will  do  the  grading,  and  the 
heaviest  up-grade  would  not  exceed  20  feet  to 
the  mile. 

The  investment  would  double  itself  every 
year  after  paying  for  running  expenses,  wear 
and  tear,  etc.  I  have  not  seen  an  enterprise  on 
this  coast  that  offers  such  an  enormous  remunera- 
tion for  the  investment. 

The  following  facts  have  been  collated  from 
reliable  sources  upon  the  construction  of  a  nar- 
row-gauge railroad,  and  can  be  relied  upon  as 
coming  within  the  range  of  the  probable  ex- 
pense: 

Road  bed— 54  tons  35-Ib  rails  at  $30 §1,620 

Chains  and  spikes,  per  mile 210 

Cross  ties,  per  mile S00 

Grading  and  track  laying. 1,000 

Culverts  and  bridges 100 

Superstructure 83,730 


country  have  demonstrated  that  they  can  be  run 
for  30  cents  per   mile   per  train,  which  would 
make  this  exhibit: 
110  miles— one  train  each  way  making  220  miles  at 

30  cents $  66.00 

Wear  and  tear,  U% 35.00 

Interest  on  $600,000  at  1% 233.30 

Cost  per  day $334.30 

Receipt  from  3,000  tons  of  salt  one  way,  at  §2.50 

per  ton §7,500.00 

50  tons  out-bound  at  §10 500.00 

Passengers  and  miscellaneous. . .   250.00 

$8,250.00 
88,250.00  per  day  less  §334.30= §7,915.70 

Seven  thousand  nine  hundred  and  fifteen  dol- 
lars and  seventy  cents  per  day,  for  300  days, 
would  give  us  a  surplus  upon  the  investment  of 
$2,374,710,  or  four  times  the  coast  of  the  road 
every  year. 

I  will  add  as  a  contingent,  to  cover  any 
discrepancy,$100,000for  additional  mtotivepower 
and  cars,  and  then  there  is  no  railroad  project 
on  the  continent  that  will  pay  so  large  a  divi- 
dend as  this  little  road.  And  yet  I  have  not 
mentioned  the  thousands  of  tons  of  ore  that 
would  be  shipped  to  your  city  for  treatment,  if 
it  could  be  got  there  at  a  reasonable  cost.  I 
saw  in  one  dump  over  10,000  tons  of  ore,  that 
will  pay,  at  least,  $100  per  ton,  that  would  be 
shipped  at  once  if  there  were  railroad  facilities; 
and  ledges  varying  from  10  to  40  feet,  that  will 
supply  thousands  of  tons  more  the  moment 
transportation  facilities  were  completed,  if  they 
did  not  conclude  to  erect  mills. 

The  scarcity  of  water  is  the  great  drawback 
to  the  erection  of  mills  at  the  mines,  and  as 
wagon  transportation  is  so  expensive  through 
those  barren  sand  wastes,  owners  of  mines 
would  at  once  avail  themselves  of  railroad  trans- 
portation, and  your  city  would  reap  a  harvest 
in  the  interest  that  would  at  once  spring  up  in 
the  establishment  of  large  metallurgical  works, 
and  the  State  would  be  largely  benefited  by  the 
further  development  of  these  vast  bodies  of 
mineral  deposits. 

It  has  been  demonstrated  that  no  link  in  the 
whole  chain  of  general  prosperity  brings  such 
certain  and  lasting  benefits  as  the  iron  rails  of 
railroads,  and  there  is  no  place  in  the  country 
where  this  accomplishment  would  bring  a  more 
certain  reward  than  a  railroad  connecting 
Esmeralda  county,  Nevada,  with  the  Central 
Pacific,  at  some  convenient  point  of  connection. 

Jno, 


53,730  per  mile,  110  miles §410,300 

8  engines,  §7,500 60,000 

6  passenger  cars,  §1,600 9,600 

1  baggage  cars,  §1,200 2,400 

150  freight  cars,  §800 124,000 

Cost  of  operating §606,300 

The  several  narrow-gauge  railroads  of  this 


Steam  Threshing  Engineers. 

Editors  Press: — By  giving  some  attention  to 
the  steam  boiler  question,  particularly  boilers 
used  for  threshing  purposes,  you  will  be  instru- 
mental in  saving  many  valuable  lives.  There  is 
not  a  season  passes  but  what  there  are  three  or 
four,  or  more,  explosions,  and  from  six  to  a 
dozen  lives  lost,  and  the  threshing  season  only 
lasts  from  three  to  four  months  on  the  average. 
Is  this  sacrifice  of  life  and  property  necessary? 
It  appears  to  me  that  two-thirds,  if  not  three- 
fourths  of  these  accidents  could  be  avoided  by 
having  careful  and  experienced  hands. 

Examine  those  explosions  that  happened  last 
summer.  One  manjfcwho  knew  comparatively 
nothing  of  an  engine,  exploded  his,  killing  him- 
self and  scalding  his  father.  Another  young 
man  was  so  flustrated  by  the  water-glass  break- 
ing that  he  was  incapacitated  to  run,  and  the 
result  was  an  explosion;  probably  as  soon  as 
the  water  got  below  the  crown  sheet.  This 
young  man  was  a  practical  illustration  of  theory 
without  practice,  and  paid  his  life  for  the  ex- 
perience, besides  scalding  others.  He  had 
served  an  apprenticeship,  but  be  it  understood 
that  all  machinists  are  not  engineers.  A  third 
case  was  an  Ames  straw-burning  boiler.  The 
number  of  lives  lost  I  am  not  aware  of,  though 
there  were  more  wounded  than  in  either  of  the 
other  cases.  When  the  first  Ames  straw  burn- 
ers were  built,  the  main  flue  was  of  too  light 
iron  and  not  braced.  The  heads  had  two  three- 
quarter  braces  or  stays  eight  feet  long.  They 
would  have  been  safe  at  from  50  to  60  pounds  of 
steam,  but  were  run  at  from  110  to  135  and  140 
pounds.  Sane  men  could  not  expect  them  to 
last  more  than  two  or  three  seasons  without 
bursting  under  such  a  pressure. 

The  sad  affair  at  Stockton  was  doubtless  the 
result  of  carelessness.  A  careful  man  would 
know  at  what  pressure  his  safety  valve  would 
blow  off  at,  and  keep  his  steam  just  so  that  it 
would  not  blow  off;  especially  if  hiB  gauge  was 
out  of  order.  The  blow  off  point  should  not  be 
more  than  five  or  ten  pounds  above  what  you 
run  at;  and  running  over  100  pounds  is  danger- 
ous, and  straining  to  most  boilers. 

To  show  how  a  careful  engineer  is  rated  by 
some  less  scrupulous  in  the  business,  I  will  cite 
a  case  that  happened  in  Sacramento  county  last 
summer.  The  engine  under  consideration  was 
a  No.  4  Ames  straw  burner,  return  flue.  The 
end  of  the  flue  was  badly  burned  and  rusted; 
the  rivets  holding  it  to  the  flue  sheet  nearly 
burned  off  on  the  sides,  and  the  tubes  almost 
constantly  leaking.  When  four  cracks  in  ube 
end  of  the  flue  and  flange  of  the  flue  sheet  ap- 
peared in  one  week,  two  in  one  day,  the  engi- 
neer gave  notice  that  he  would  quit,  as  soon  as 
a  substitute  could  be  found,  if  it  was  not  re- 
paired. He  was  discharged;  the  man  taking 
his  place  declaring  that  there  was  no  danger  so 
long  as  there  was  plenty  of  water.  They  ran 
one  and  a  half  days,  when  temporary  repairs 
were  made.  The  boiler  is  now  receiving  thor- 
ough repairs,  to  the  credit  of  the  owners. 

A  locomotive  engineer  is  proven  before  he 


gets  an  engine,  and  a  steam-boat  engineer  has  to 
get  a  certificate;  why  should  others  be  exempt? 
The  pay  is  generally  sufficient  to  secure  compe- 
tent hands,  if  due  caution  is  used  in  hiring 
them.  Cities  drive  powder  magazines  to  a  dis- 
tance, but  allow  boys  and  other  irresponsible 
persons  to  have  charge  of  boilers  in  their  midst, 
thereby  jeopardizing  life  and  property  by  simple 
negligence. 

Farmers,  see  that  the  machine  that  threshes 
for  you  has  a  competent  and  careful  engineer, 
for  you  are  liable  to  your  neighbors  for  damages 
if  a  fire,  through  carelessness,  damaging  them 
starts  on  your  place.  Blow  ups  make  fires. 
A  Reader. 

Rou  tiers,  Sacramento  Co. 


The  California  Game  Laws. 

Section  1. — Section  six  hundred  and  twenty- 
six  of  the  Penal  Code  is  hereby  amended  so  as 
to  read  as  follows : 

Section  626. — Every  person  who,  in  the  coun- 
ties of  San  Bernardino  or  Los  Angeles,  between 
the  first  day  of  April  of  any  year  and  the  first 
day  of  August  of  the  same  year,  or  who,  in 
any  other  of  the  counties  of  this  State,  except 
the  counties  of  Lassen,  Plumas  and  Sierra,  be- 
tween the  fifteenth  day  of  March  and  the  fif- 
teenth day  of  September  in  each  year,  hunts, 
pursues,  takes,  kills,  or  destroys  quail,  par- 
tridge, or  grouse,  mallard,  wood,  or  summer 
duck,  red-head  gadwell,  or  gray  duck,  or  blue- 
winged  teal,  is  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor. 

Every  person  who  in  the  county  of  San  Joa- 
quin, between  the  first  day  of  January  and  the 
first  day  of  July,  in  each  year,  hunts,  pursues, 
takes,  kills  or  destroys  doves,  is  guilty  of  mis- 
demeanor. 

Every  person  who,  at  any  time,  takes,  gath- 
ers or  destroys  the  eggs  of  any  mallard,  wood, 
or  summer  duck,  red-head,  teal,  gadwell,  or 
gray  duck,  or  any  other  species  of  wild  duck  is 
guilty  of  a  misdemeanor. 

Every  person  who  shall  have  any  of  the  afore- 
said game  in  his  possession  at  a  time  when  it  is 
unlawful  to  kill  the  game,  is  guilty  of  misde- 
meanor. 

Sec.  2.  Section  tax  hundred  and  twenty- 
eight  of  said  Code  is  hereby  amended  so  as  to 
read  as  follows : 

Section  62S.  Every  person  who,  between  the 
first  day  of  November  in  each  year  and  the  first 
day  of  July  of  the  following  year,  hunts,  pur- 
sues, takes,  kills  or  destroys  any  male  deer  or 
buck,  shall  be  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor. 

Every  person  who  shall,  for  the  period  of  four 
years  from  and  after  the  passage  of  this  Act, 
pursue,  hunt,  take,  kill  or  destroy  any  ante- 
lope, elk,  or  mountain  sheep,  or  female  deer  or 
doe,  shall  be  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor. 

Every  person  who,  after  the  passage  of  this 
Act,  shall  kill  any  spotted  fawn,  shall  be  guilty 
of  a  misdemeanor. 

Every  person  who,  after  the  passage  of  this 
Act,  shall  take,  kill  or  destroy  any  of  the  ani- 
mals mentioned  in  this  section,  at  any  time, 
unless  the  carcass  of  such  animal  is  uBed  or 
preserved  by  the  person  slaying  it,  or  is  sold  for 
food,  is  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor. 

Sec.  3.  Section  six  hundred  and  thirty-three 
of  said  Code  is  hereby  amended  so  as  to  read  as 
follows : 

Section  633.  Every  person  who  takes, 
catches,  or  kills  any  speckled  trout,  brook  or 
salmon  trout,  or  any  variety  of  trout,  between 
the  first  day  of  November  and  the  first  day  of 
April  in  the  following  year,  is  guilty  of  a  mis- 
demeanor. 

Sec.  4.  Section  six  hundred  and  thirty-four 
of  the  Penal  Code  is  hereby  amended  so  as  to 
read  as  follows  : 

Section  634.  Every  person  who,  between 
the  first  day  of  August  and  the  fifteenth  day  of 
September  of  each  year,  takes  or  catcheB,  buys, 
sells,  or  has  in  his  possession  any  fresh  salmon, 
is  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor. 

Every  person  who  shall  set  or  draw,  or  shall 
assist  it  setting  or  drawing  any  net  or  seine  for 
the  purpose  of  taking  salmon  in  any  of  the  wa- 
ters of  this  State,  at  any  time  between  sunrise 
of  each  Saturday,  at  twelve  o'clock  noon  of  the 
following  Sunday,  is  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor. 

Every  person  who,  between  the  first  day  of 
April  and  the  thirty-first  day  of  December  in 
each  year,  takes  or  catches,  buys,  sells,  or  has 
in  his  possession  any  fresh  shad,  is  guilty  of  a 
misdemeanor. 

Nothing  in  this  chapter  shall  be  so  construed 
as  to  prohibit  any  person  from  catching  fish  with 
hook  and  line  at  any  time  in  the  tide  waters  of 
this  State. 

Sec.  5.  Section  six  hundred  and  thirty-six  of 
said  Code  is  hereby  amended  so  as  to  read  as 
follows : 

Section  636.  Every  person  who  shall  set, 
use,  or  continue,  or  who  shall  assist  in  setting, 
using,  or  continuing  any  pound,  weir,  set  net, 
trap  or  other  fixed  or  permanent  contrivance 
for  catching  fish  in  the  waters  of  any  of  the 
creeks,  rivers,  or  sloughs  of  this  State,  is  guilty 
of  a  misdemeanor. 

Every  person  who  shall  draw,  or  who  shall 
assist  in  drawing,  any  net  or  seine  for  the  pur- 
pose of  taking  fish  in  any  of  the  waters  of  this 
State,  the  meshes  of  which  are  less  than  one 
and  one-fourth  inches  in  size,  is  guilty  of  a  mis- 
demeanor; provided,  that  nets  with  a  mesh  of 
a  smaller  size  may  be  used  in  the  catching  of 
shrimps. 

Every  person  who  shall  cast,  extend,  or  set 
any  seine  or  net  of  any  kind  for  the  catching  of 
fish  in  any  river,  stream,  or  slough  of  this 
State,  which  shall  extend  more  than  one-third 
across  the  width  of  said  river,  stream,  or  slough, 


at  the  time  and  place  of  such  fishing,  is  guilty 
of  misdemeanor. 

Every  person  who,  by  seine  or  other  means, 
shall  catch  any  fish  so  small  as  to  be  able  to  es- 
cape through  a  mesh  of  one  and  a  half  inch  in 
size,  or  the  young  of  fish  of  any  species,  but 
which,  at  the  time  of  capture,  are  too  small  to 
be  marketed,  and  who  shall  not  return  the  same 
to  the  water,  immediately  and  alive,  or  who 
shall  sell,  or  offer  for  sale,  any  such  fish,  fresh 
or  dried,  is  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor. 

Every  person  convicted  of  violation  of  any  of 
the  provisions  of  this  chapter  shall  be  punished 
by  fine  of  not  less  than  fifty  dollars,  and  not 
more  than  three  hundred  dollars,  or  imprison- 
ment in  the  county  jail  of  the  county  where  the 
offense  was  committed,  for  not  less  than  thirty 
days  nor  more  than  six  months,  or  by  both  such 
fine  an'd  imprisonment. 

One-half  of  all  money  collected  for  fines  for 
violation  of  the  provisions  of  this  chapter  shall 
be  paid  to  informers,  and  one-half  to  the  Dis- 
trict-Attorney of  the  county  in  which  the  case 
is  prosecuted.  All  other  costs  shall  be  a  charge 
against  the  county  in  which  the  action  is  prose- 
cuted. Nothing  in  the  chapter  shall  be  con? 
strued  to  prohibit  the  United  States  Fish  Com- 
missioners, or  the  Fish  Commissioners  of  the 
State  of  California,  from  taking  such  fish  as 
they  shall  deem  necessary  for  the  purpose  of 
artificial  hatching  nor  at  any  time.  All  nets, 
seines,  fishing-tackle,  boats,  or  other  imple- 
ments used  in  catching  or  taking  fish  in  viola- 
tion of  the  provisions  of  this  chapter,  Bhall  be 
forfeited,  and  may  be  seized  by  the  peace  officer 
of  the  county,  or  assistant,  or  person  acting  un- 
der the  authority  of  the  Fish  Commissioners, 
and  may  be  by  them  destroyed,  or  may  be  sold 
at  public  auction  by  the  party  making  such 
seizure,  upon  notice  posted  in  said  county  for 
five  days.  The  person  making  such  seizure  and 
sale  shall  be  entitled  to  retain  one-half  of  the 
proceeds  of  such  sale,  and  the  balance  shall  be 
paid  into  the  school  fund  of  the  county,  in  case 
the  seizure  and  sale  is  made  by  a  peace  officer 
thereof,  or  to  the  Fish  Commissioners  if  made 
by  a  person  appointed  by  them;  provided,  that 
all  nets  having  meshes  of  less  than  one  and  a 
half  inches  in  size,  when  seized  under  the  pro- 
visions of  this  section,  must  be  destroyed. 

Sec.  6.  The  Act  shall  take  effect  and  be  in 
force  from  and  after  its  passage. 

Santa  Clara  County  Game  Regulations. 

An  Act  having  passed  at  the  last  session  of 
the  Legislature  for  the  protection  of  fish  and 
game  in  the  State,  which  was  injurious  to  the 
people  of  their  county,  the  Supervisors,  at  the 
April  session,  in  accordance  with  power  con- 
ferred upon  them  by  Section  1,046  of  the  Polit- 
ical Code,  made  the  following  regulations  for 
the  protection  of  game  and  fish  in  Santa  Clara 
county,  which  differs  materially  from  the  dates 
in  the  last  State  enactment.  It  is  made  a  mis- 
demeanor to  take,  kill,  or  destroy  quail,  par- 
tridge, or  grouse  between  the  15th  of  March  and 
the  15th  of  September  each  year.  Elk,  deer, 
or  antelope  must  not  be  taken  or  killed  be- 
tween the  1st  of  December  and  the  1st  of  July 
of  each  year.  It  is  made  a  misdemeanor  to 
take  or  catch  trout  between  the  15th  of  Octo- 
ber and  the  1st  of  April;  it  ia  also  made  a  mis- 
demeanor to  take,  catch,  or  kill  trout  at  any 
time  by  the  use  of  nets,  weir-baskets,  traps, 
drags,  or  any  explosive  agent. 


Immigrant  Sleeping  Cars. 

At  their  shops  at  Sacramento  the  railroad 
company  is  at  present  engaged  in  fitting  up  25 
cars,  which  are  to  be  used  for  the  transporta- 
tion of  immigrants  and  emigrants  to  and  from 
the  East,  and  which  are  a  great  improvement 
on  those  at  present  in  use.  The  new  cars  are 
being  fitted  with  upper  and  lower  berths,  some- 
what after  the  manner  of  caboose  cars.  The 
upper  berths  swing  freely  on  iron  rods,  and 
when  not  in  use  can  be  hung  up  on  the  roof  of 
the  car,  where  it  is  not  in  the  way.  The  lower 
berths  are  formed  from  the  seats,  which  are 
made  up  after  the  manner  of  the  present  sleep- 
ers, by  turning  down  the  backs,  etc.  Slats 
are  then  placed  crosswise,  and  when  laid  out 
the  berths  are  exceedingly  neat  and  com- 
fortable. This  will  be  a  great  convenience  to 
persons  traveling  third-class,  as  heretofore  they 
have  been  compelled  to  sit  up  or  make  shift  the 
best  they  could.  The  only  difference  between 
these  remodeled  car3  and  the  present  Bleeper 
will  be  that  the  former  will  not  be  upholstered. 
Another  benefit  which  the  Company  will  derive 
from  this  improvement  is  that  they  will  be  en- 
abled to  carry  more  passengers  in  a  car,  from 
the  fact  that  heretofore  only  one  passenger 
could  be  placed  in  a  seat,  so  that  he  could  have 
an  opportunity  to  lie  down,  but  now  the  upper 
berths  will  make  sleeping  room  for  an  extra 
number  and  more  can  be  accommodated.  It  is 
a  merciful  act  on  the  part  of  the  Company,  as 
heretofore  the  immigrants  and  emigrants  have 
been  very  uncomfortable  while  traveling.  Sev- 
eral of  the  altered  cars  are  already  completed. 
— Sacramento  Bee. 


How  Artist's  Canvas  is  Prepared. — The 
raw  canvas  must  be  stretched  on  a  frame, 
wetted,  and  restretched  if  loosened  by  wetting, 
and  coated  with  a  mixture  of  equal  parts  of  dry 
whiting  and  white  lead,  ground  up  with  raw 
and  boiled  linseed  oil,  and  laid  on  with  a  trowel 
like  a  plasterer's  trowel,  but  longer  and  thinner 
in  the  blade.  If  the  canvas  shows  through  the 
first  coat,  a  second  and  a  third  may  be  applied, 
the  under  coats  being  rubbed  down  with  pumice 
stone.  A  little  raw  umber  may  be  added  if  a 
stone -colored  surface  is  preferred. 


March  29,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS 


195 


ECHANICAL 


ROGRESS. 


Economy  of  Clothing  Boilers. 

The  following  are  the  results  of  some  experi- 
ments conducted  several  years  ago,  at  the  New- 
port iron  works,  Middlesborough-on-Tees,  Eng., 
to  test  the  value  of  a  good  lagging — Jones's  non- 
conducting cement.  The  boiler  (vertical)  was 
connected  with  a  puddling  furnace,  and  was 
not  protected  by  a  roof.  It  was  worked  at  50 
pounds  per  square  inch,  and  in  tlio  second  ex- 
periment the  whole  of  the  shell,  au  area  of 
■boat  280  square  feet,  was  coated  with  the  com- 
position. During  the  experiments  the  weather 
was  line  and  warm,  and  the  coal  used,  the  iron 
produced,  the  time  of  the  experiments,  and  all 
other  circumstances,  wore  exactly  similar  in  the 
two  cases.  A  water  meter  was  attached  to  the 
feed-pipe,  and  this  showed  the  exact  amount  of 
water  evaporated  with  and  without  the  cover- 
ing. The  results  were  as  follows: 
Boiler  not   Covered. 

Total  water  vaporized  per  metor,  Monday  to 
Saturday,  1 1,690  gallons. 

Total  time,  126  hoors->92|  gallons  =  14.8  cu- 
bic feet  per  hour. 

Boiler  Covered. 

Total  water  vaporized  Monday  to  Saturday, 
[6,060  gallons. 

Total  time,  1*26  hours  -1*27.5  gallons -20.4 
cubic  feet  per  hour =5.6  cubic  feet  per  hour 
more  than  when  the  boiler  was  uncovered,  a 
difference  which  plainly  shows  the  immense 
loss   of   heat  under  the   latter   circumstances. 

Experiments  by  Jacob  Perkins  long  ago 
proved  that  in  case  of  pipes  rilled  with  steam 
at  100  pounds  per  square  inch,  100  feet  of  sur- 
face exposed  to  the  atmosphere  is,  under  ordi- 
nary circumstances,  sufficient  to  condense  per 
hour  the  steam  produced  by  the  vaporization  of 
a  cubic  foot  of  water. 

Regarding  this  experiment  Engineering  says: 
"It  will  be  seen  that  a  square  foot  of  ordinary 
heating  surface  has  about  one-fifth  the  heat- 
transmitting  power  of  a  square  foot  of  freely  ex- 
posed cooling  surface;  or  supposing  that  in  any 
given  boiler  the  areas  of  heating  and  cooling 
surface  are  equal,  the  effect  of  the  latter,  if 
freely  exposed,  would  be  to  reduce  the  evapora- 
tive efficiency  of  the  boiler  20%. 

The  exposed  surface  of  a  boiler,  or  its  cooling 
Bnrface,  in  no  way  differs  from  its  heating  sur- 
face; it  is  subject  to  the  same  laws,  and,  under 
similar  circumstances,  would  produce  similar 
effects.  That  a  square  foot  of  cooling  surface 
withdraws  from  the  contents  of  the  boiler  a  less 
amount  of  heat  than  is  imparted  to  them  by  an 
equal  area  of  heating  surface,  is  merely  due  to 
there  being  a  less  difference  between  the  tem- 
perature of  the  atmosphere  and  that  of  the  con- 
tents of  the  boiler,  than  there  is  between  the 
latter  and  temperature  of  the  gases  in  the  flues. 
Other  circumstances  being  equal,  the  trans- 
mitting power  of  any  given  area  of  boiler  sur- 
face varies  directly  as  the  difference  in  the  tem- 
perature on  the  two  sides  of  it,  any  increase  in 
this  difference  enabling  the  surface  to  transmit 
a  proportionately  increased  amount  of  heat  in  a 
given  time. 

Wire  Belts.  — We  made  some  allusion  a  week 
or  two  since  to  the  manufacture  of  wire  belts. 
We  now  find  the  following  additional,  and  more 
in  detail,  in  the  Iron  Age:  "Machine  straps  of 
wire,  as  a  substitute  for  leather,  are  being  made 
by  a  German  firm.  The  belts  are  made  of  the 
best  crucible  steel  wire,  in  transverse  network 
of  one  to  ten  wires,  in  any  desirable  length  or 
width.  The  two  ends  of  the  strap  are  joined 
like  the  middle,  so  that  there  is  no  beginning 
and  no  ending,  the  belt  forming  an  endless 
band.  All  the  wires  run  parallel  only  across 
the  width,  in  such  a  manner  that  one  wire 
catches  into  the  other  like  a  spiral,  a  continuous, 
densely-woven  chain  being  thus  produced,  the 
movability  of  which  is  so  great  as  to  enable  it 
to  go  round  the  smallest  pulley.  The  straps 
are  also  made  with  leather  or  elastic  lining,  or 
bordered  with  leather,  elastic,  hemp,  hair-tape, 
or  any  other  material,  also  its  interstices  filled 
with  gutta-percha,  to  supply  elastic  bands  with 
cotton  web,  and  to  prevent  their  stretching. 
The  tightening  of  the  strap — shortening  of  the 
chain — which  is  only  necessary  once,  viz,,  when 
put  on  by  means  of  a  strap  key,  may  be  effected 
very  easily  and  very  quickly  by  taking  out  any 
desirable  number  of  wires,  and  again  joining 
the  two  ends  in  the  same  manner  by  twisting  in 
the  required  number  of  wires." 

A  remarkable  case  of  cohesion,  or  the  weld- 
ing of  two  metals  at  a  temperature  far  below  the 
melting  point  of  either  of  them,  has  lately  been 
noticed  by  Mr.  Charles  A.  Fawsetfc,  of  Glasgow, 
and  by  him  reported  to  Sir  William  Thomson. 
He  describes  the  following  experiment,  which 
any  of  our  readers  who  are  curious  enough  can 
readily  try,  to  test  its  correctness:  If  a  piece 
of  silver,  one  centimeter  square,  is  heated  on 
the  inverted  lid  of  a  porcelain  crucible,  to  about 
the  temperature  of  500°  C.  (932*  Fahr. ),  and  the 
end  of  a  thin  platinum  wire  is  brought  into  con- 
tact with  it,  the  two  metals  will  be  found  to 
have  welded  to  that  extent  that  the  silver  may 
be  raised  from  the  lid,  and  will  remain  attached 
to  the  platinum  wire  when  cooled  off.  Mr. 
Pawsett  reports  that  other  metals — copper  and 
aluminum,  for  example — will  likewise  adhere  to 
silver,  though  the  experiment  is  less  striking 
than  in  the  case  of  platinum. 


Balanced  Slide  Valves. 

Many  curious  attempts  have  been  made 
within  the  scope  of  scientific  invention  to  solve 
the  problem  of  "balancing"  slide  valves.  In- 
ventors, inspired  with  a  consuming  ambition  to 
devise  something  which  could  bo  entitled  a 
"balanced  slide  valve,"  have  really,  with  men- 
tal centrifugal  force,  thrust  upon  a  suffering 
community  much  iu  this  line,  which,  instead  of 
answering  the  purpose  intended,  has  only  gone 
to  com  in.. •  the  public  of  the  unbalanced  condi- 
tion of  their  meutal  equipoise.  We  do  not  in- 
tend this  as  a  reflection  upon  inventive  talent, 
nor  to  divert  such  talent  from  its  true  course, 
but  rather  as  a  kind  of  admonition  that  mis- 
directed meehauical  genius  finds  little  favor  in 
the  eyes  of  a  toleraut  public.  Wo  have  reallv 
soeu  a  "balanced"  slide  valve  so  thoroughly 
balanced  that  it  was  impossible  to  keep  it  upon 
its  seat  when  subjected  to  stream-pressure;  and 
yet  the  inventor  claimed  all  kinds  of  imaginary 
savings  for  this  really  peculiar  device. 

Another  "balanced"  valve  consisted  of  an 
ordinary  side  valve,  to  the  back  of  which,  and 
at  right  angles  to  its  face,  was  attached  a  circu- 
lar piston,  equal  in  area  to  the  face  of  the  valve. 
The  valve,  when  in  motion,  "rode"  upon  the 
end  of  the  piston  rod,  which  terminated  in  a 
plate  traveling  in  a  groove  on  the  back  of  the 
valve.  Here  was  simply  a  case  of  transferring 
the  friction  from  the  face  of  the  valve  to  its 
back,  with  the  odds  in  favor  of  an  increase 
rather  than  a  decrease  of  friction.  Yet  this  me- 
chanical creation  revelled  in  the  title  of  a 
"balanced  slide  valve."  Thus  far  the  ruling 
idea  with  inventors  has  been  that,  in  order  to 
balance  a  slide  valve,  it  is  necessary  either  to 
exclude  the  action  of  the  steam  from  the  back 
of  the  valve,  or  else  to  admit  the  steam  pressure 
upon  the  back  and  face  of  the  valve  simulta- 
neously. The  possibility  of  constructing  a  hol- 
low valve,  and  balancing  it  by  internal  pressure 
of  steam,  seems  to  have  been  ignored  altogether. 
It  is  hardly  a  wonder  that  so  many  unsuccessful 
attempts  have  been  made  to  accomplish  a  pur- 
pose so  radically  needed.  It  is  many  years  since 
steam  was  introduced  as  a  motive  power,  and 
yet  to-day  the  means  of  converting  its  force  into 
work  are  not  very  materially  different  from 
those  employed  in  its  pioneer  usage.  Steam 
engines  are  built  day  after  day  with  some  new- 
fangled, improved,  or  automatic  cut-off  valves, 
which  in  some  cases  do  effect  a  saving  of  steam 
and  thereby  fuel,  but  in  many  more  they  do 
this  even  at  an  increase  of  friction  necessitated 
by  great  increase  of  valve  surface. 

Little  or  no  advance  has  been  made  in  balanc- 
ing the  locomotive  slide-valve.  The  pressure 
upon  the  ordinary  locomotive  valve  amounts 
even  to  tons,  yet  few  attempts  have  been  made 
to  lessen  the  enormous  friction  such  pressure 
must  entail.  Some  of  our  leading  railroads 
have  adopted  friction  rolls  to  overcome  the 
great  loss,  the  success  of  which,  however,  is 
questionable. 

That  a  valve  may  be  "  balanced  "  for  a  pur- 
pose, it  is  necessary  that  it  should  embody  the 
following  conditions:  1st.  It  must  "ride" 
upon  its  seat  with  the  least  possible  friction. 
2d.  It  must  accomplish  this  without  leakage,  or 
"blowing."  3d.  It  must  be  so  constructed  that 
any  wear  upon  its  face  or  faces  can  easily  be 
provided  for.  4th.  It  must  combine  facility  of 
inspection  with  durability  of  construction. 
5th.  Its  form  must  not  interfere  with  the  ex- 
pansive use  of  the  steam;  or,  in  other  words,  it 
must  possess  the  feasibility  of  a  "cut-off." 
6th.  It  must  be  free  from  any  unsteady  or 
"wobbling"  motion  when  the  engine  is  running 
by  its  own  momentum  independently  of  steam 
pressure  ;  this  last  is  an  item  often  overlooked 
in  the  construction  of  slide-valves,  and  which 
has  frequently  been  the  cause  of  much  undue 
wear  both  upon  valve  faces  and  seats. — Engi- 
neering and  Mining  Journal. 


To  Prevent  Explosion. 

Mr.  John  Napier  of  Edinburg,  -Scotland,  pro- 
poses the  following  mechanical  device  for  the 
prevention  of  boiler  explosions :  The  device 
consists  in  the  attachment  to  the  boiler  of  a 
plate  of  copper  or  other  metal  of  similar  quali- 
ties and  ductility,  which  plate  is  firmly  secured 
between  two  perforated  plates  of  iron  or  other 
metal,  and  is  covered  by  them  on  its  upper  and 
lower  sides,  except  at  the  places  of  perforation, 
these  places  corresponding  to  each  other  in  the 
upper  and  lower  plates.  The  perforations  are 
greater  or  less  in  diameter,  according  to  the 
size  of  the  boiler.  Direct  communication  is 
established  between  the  apparatus  and  the  in- 
terior of  the  boiler,  and  according  as  the  thick- 
ness of  the  intermediate  plate  is  varied  with 
reference  to  the  strength  of  the  boiler,  it  resists 
a  greater  or  less  pressure.  When  this  pressure 
is  exceeded,  the  steam  causes  the  intermediate 
plate  to  give  way  at  one  or  more  points  between 
the  corresponding  perforations  of  the  upper  and 
under  plates,  and  by  the  steam  thus  escaping 
from  the  boiler  an  explosion  is  prevented.  The 
apparatus,  which  is  intended  to  be  accessory  to 
the  ordinary  safety  valve,  may  be  either  at- 
tached to  the  boiler  or  fitted  to  a  tube  or  neck 
secured  to  the  boiler.  In  order  to  give  addi- 
tional security,  the  apparatus  may  be  fitted  in 
two  or  more  places  on  the  boiler  subjected  to 
pressure.  The  plates  are  so  attached  to  the 
boiler  and  to  each  other  that  the  intermediate 
plate  may  be  readily  removed  and  replaced  by  a 
fresh  one. 


Light  and  Life. 

The  question  as  to  how  life  is  affected  by  the 
different  colors  of  the  spectrum  has  at  various 
times  engaged  attention,  and  plant  life  has 
apparently  bqen  more  Btudied  in  tins  respect 
than  animal.  Two  distinct  series  of  researches 
lately  described  to  the  French  Academy  Beem 
to  afford  some  fresh  insight  into  the  matter,  and 
it  is  interesting  to  compare  them  together. 

One  series,  by  M.  Bert,  waB  on  plants;  the 
other,  by  M.  Yung,  on  the  eggs  of  certain 
animals.  M.  Bert  kept  plants  within  a  glass 
trough  inclosure,  containing  an  alcoholic  solu- 
tion of  chlorophyl  (very  frequently  renewed), 
and  exposed  them  thus  in  a  good  diffuse  light. 
The  solution,  which  was  very  weak,  and  in  a 
very  thin  layer,  intercepted  little  more  than  the 
characteristic  region  of  the  red  in  the  spectrum. 
This  excluded  part,  then,  was  proved  to  be  the 
indispensable  part  of  white  light,  for  the  plants 
immediately  ceased  to  grow,  and  before  long 
died.  It  is  in  this  red  region  (as  M.  Timirigzeff 
has  lately  shown)  that  the  greatest  reduction  of 
carbonic  acid  takes  place.  If  red  rays  are  kept 
from  the  leaf  the  plant  can  no  longer  increase 
its  weight,  it  is  reduced  to  consuming  reserves 
previously  accumulated,  exhausts  itself,  and 
dies. 

This  part  of  the  spectrum,  however,  though 
neceBsary,  is  not  sufficient.  Behind  red  glass 
plants  may  no  doubt  live  long,  but  they  get 
excessively  elongated  and  slender,  and  their 
leaves  become  narrow  and  little  colored.  This 
is  owing  to  the  absence  of  the  blue  violet  rays. 
Thus  each  region  of  the  spectrum  contains  parts 
that  play  an  active  role  in  the  life  of  plants. 

!Now  turn  to  animals.  M.  Yung  has  experi- 
mented during  three  years  on  the  effect  of  dif- 
ferent Bpectral  colors  on  the  development  of  the 
eggs  of  frogs  {the  common  frog  and  the  edible 
frog),  of  trout,  and  of  fresh-water  snails.  It 
was  found  that  violet  light  favored  the  develop- 
ment very  remarkably  ;  blue  light  comes  next 
in  this  respect,  and  is  followed  by  yellow  light 
and  white  light  (which  two  gave  nearly  similar 
effects).  On  the  other  hand,  red  and  green  ap- 
pear to  be  positively  injurious,  for  it  was  found 
impossible  to  get  complete  development  of  the 
eggs  in  these  colors.  Darkness  does  not  prevent 
development,  but  contrary  to  what  some  have 
affirmed,  retards  it.  Tadpoles  of  the  same  size, 
and  subjected  to  the  same  physical  conditions 
previous  to  experiment,  died  more  quickly  of 
inanition  when  deprived  of  food  in  violet  and 
blue  rays  than  in  the  others. — London  Times. 


Effect  of  Electricity  on  Vegetable 
Growth. — During  last  summer,  Pasteur,  ac- 
cording to  Complex  RenduSy  made  some  interest- 
ing experiments  on  the  effect  of  electricity  on 
vegetable  and  fruit  growths.  On  the  4th  of 
August,  he  enclosed  some  vine-sets  in  hot-beds, 
almost  hermetically  sealed.  The  grapes  ripened 
about  October  10th.  Grapes  that  had  ripened 
in  the  open  air  fermented  in  less  than  48  hours, 
in  a  temperature  varying  between  25°  and  30" 
(77°  to  86°  F.),  but  those  that  ripened  under 
glass  remained  unchanged.  This  result,  which 
had  been  predicted  by  Pasteur,  lends  strong 
confirmation  to  his  views.  Again,  on  July  30th, 
1877,  M.  Celi  planted  three  kernels  of  maize 
under  each  of  two  bell-glasses.  The  weight  of 
the  kernels,  the  kind  of  earth,  and  the  quantity 
of  water  supplied  daily,  were  equalized  as  nearly 
as  possible.  On  August  1st,  the  kernels  sprouted. 
During  two  days  the  growth  was  nearly  the  same 
under  both  glasses.  On  the  third  day  the  plants 
in  electrized  air  began  to  develop  more  rapidly 
than  the  other.  On  August  10th,  the  following 
measurements  were  taken,  from  the  base  of  the 
stalk  to  the  extremity  of  the  upper  leaves: 
Plants  in  electrized  air,  17  cm.  (6.69  in.);  plants 
in  ordinary  air,  8  cm.  (3. 15  in.). 


Magnetism  of  Loadstone  and  of  Steel. — 
Dr.  A.  L.  Holz,  a  French  scientists  has  investi- 
gated the  comparative  influences  of  equal 
amounts  of  magnetism  upon  the  loadstone  and 
upon  glass-hardened  steel.  He  has  reached 
some  novel  conclusions,  among  which  are  the 
following:  1.  The  maximum  of  permanent 
magnetism  in  the  loadstone,  for  equal  volumes, 
is  about  the  same  as  that  in  the  hard  steel.  2. 
The  specific  magnetism  of  the  loadstone  is  the 
greatest  of  all  magnetic  bodies  yet  investigated. 
3.  The  permanent  magnetism  of  the  loadstone 
is  sooner  reached  than  that  of  steel.  4.  The 
quantity  of  temporary  magnetism  which  disap- 
pears, after  the  magnetizing  force  is  removed,  is 
less  in  the  loadstone  than  in  steel. 


Electricity  of  Chemical  Processes. — F. 
Braun  finds  that  the  percentage  of  potential  en- 
ergy convertible  into  mechanical  work,  varies 
inversely  with  the  electric  tension ;  a  sudden 
change  in  the  density  of  free  electricity  must  be 
accompanied  by  a  development  of  heat  even  if 
it  is  not  followed  by  any  change  of  relative  dis- 
tribution; if  induction-currents  in  a  spiral  excite 
a  maximum  of  free  electricity,  half  of  the  work 
is  converted  into  heat;  in  currents  of  small  in- 
tensity, if  a  new  current  is  added,  a  greater  de- 
velopment of  heat  and  a  less  degree  of  polariza- 
tion arise  when  the  new  current  is  in  the  same 
direction  as  the  original  current  than  when  the 
directions  are  opposite. — Annals,  of  Physics  and 
Chem.  [German.) 


Interesting  Experiments  in  Regard  to 
Spontaneous  Combustion. — K.  Bing,  of  Riga, 
has  experimented  with  different  materials;  wad- 
ding,  raw  tlax,  hemp,  the  waste  from  Bilk,  wool 
and  cotton  spinning  as  well  as  sponge,  and  fin- 
ally wood  dust  as  found  in  any  cabinet-maker's 
shop.  They  saturated  with  various  fluids,  viz., 
oils,  freBh  and  in  a  gummy  state ;  turpentine, 
petroleum,  various  varnishes,  etc.  All  the 
fibrous  materials  took  fire  when  saturated  with 
any  of  these  oils  or  with  mixtures  of  the  same. 
Sponge  and  wood  dust,  on  the  contrary,  proved 
to  be  entirely  harmless.  Combustion  ensued 
most  rapidly  with  17  grains  of  wadding  and  67 
grains  of  a  strong  oil  varnish,  in  37  minutes; 
while  200  grainB  of  washed  cotton  waste,  of 
which  a  portion  was  saturated  with  750  grains 
of  strong  oil  varnish  and  the  remainder  wrapped 
about  it,  required  almost  14  hours.  TheBe  ma- 
terials were  placed  in  a  well-sheltered  spot  and 
subjected  to  a  heat  of  from  18°  to  40°  O.  Silk 
did  not  flame  up,  but  slowly  charred.  Small 
quantities  seem  to  take  fire  sooner  than  large. 

The  Mineral  Cerite.  — Although  it  was 
known  for  some  time  that  cerium  aniline  black 
was  a  valuable  color,  it  was  not  used  in  calico 
printing  because  it  was  thought  that  the  cerium 
salts  were  too  expensive,  and  no  attempts  to 
produce  them  cheaply  were  made.  Recently, 
however,  the  manufacture  of  cerium  aniline 
black  has  been  introduced  by  Jacob  Lytsche,  of 
St.  Petersburg,  Russia,  with  much  success.  It 
was  found  that  cerium  salts  sufficiently  free 
from  any  injurious  substances  could  be  manu- 
factured from  the  mineral  cerite  by  a  simple  and 
cheap  process  which  every  calico-printer  could 
easily  carry  out.  At  St.  Petersburg  the  miner- 
al which  is  derived  from  deposits  in  gneiss,  near 
Riddarhytta,  Westmannland,  Sweden,  is  finely 
powdered,  then  treated  repeatedly  with  sul- 
phuric acid,  and  finally  extracted  with  cold  wa- 
ter. The  cerium  aniline  black  thus  made  is 
said  to  be  cheaper  and  more  effective  than  the 
vonadium  aniline  black. 


Iron  and  Silicon. — Some  time  ago  there  was 
taken  from  the  ground,  we  forget  in  what  locality, 
a  metallic  ingot  having  the  look  of  iron,  but, 
notwithstanding  its  long  contact  with  moisture, 
showing  no  trace  of  oxidation.  Prof  J.  Law- 
rence Smith,  who  lately  analyzed  it,  found  it 
to  be  a  sillicide  of  iron,  containing  17%  of 
sillicide.  This  compound  is  so  inalterable  that 
it  will  remain  without  change  in  nitric  acid  of 
1.40  density,  or  in  bromine.  Hydrochloric  acid 
affects  it  somewhat.  The  history  of  the  ingot 
is  not  known,  but  it  is  thought  to  owe  its  ex- 
istence to  some  accident  in  the  manufacture  of 
iron.  M.  Daubree,  commenting  on  this  in  the 
French  Academy,  stated  that,  notwithstanding 
every  effort,  it  had  not  been  found  possible  to 
incorporate  more  than  eight  per  cent,  of  silicon 
with  iron.  M.  Saint-Claire  Deville  was  struck 
with  the  analogy  of  the  product  in  question  to 
the  sillicide  of  manganese  produced  Borne  years 
ago  by  M.  Brunner. — Journal  of  Chemistry. 

Changes  of  Spectra. — If  a  small  quantity 
of  mercury  is  placed  in  a  hydrogen  Geissler 
tube,  E,  Wiedeman  finds  that  an  inductiou  cur- 
rent gives  the  hydrogen  spectrum  at  ordinary 
temperature.  But  if  the  tube  is  warmed  in  an 
air-bath,  as  the  temperature  rises  the  mercury 
lines  appear,  while  the  hydrogen  lines  grow 
fainter  and  finally  disappear.  If  a  tube  of  hy- 
drogen and  nitrogen  is  warmed  at  any  point,  so 
as  to  free  sodium  or  other  metals  from  the 
glass,  the  hydrogen  and  nitrogen  lines  vanish 
almost  entirely  while  the  lines  of  the  metal  ap- 
pear. Does  the  hydrogen  disappear,  or  is  it 
transmuted  into  some  other  substance? — Comp- 
lex Rendu*. 

Allotropy  of  Metals. — M.  Schutzenberger, 
in  his  investigations  of  the  different  molecular 
states  of  metals,  finds  that  other  metals  than 
antimony,  especially  copper,  lead  and  silver, 
take  allotropic  forms  when  precipitated  from 
saline  solutions,  by  electrolysis  or  other- 
wise. He  predicts  that  thiB  will  prove  to 
be  the  case  with  a  large  majority  of  metals. 
The  less  active  and  more  stable  modification  is 
formed  at  the  expense  of  the  other,  with  loss 
of  heat,  like  red  phosphorus  from  ordinary  phos- 
phorus, or  oxigen  from  ozone.  Allotropic  cop- 
per, when  oxidizing  in  the  air,  takes  brilliant 
rainbow  hues,  which  may  have  a  valuable  in- 
dustrial application. 


Snow  Illumination. — During  a  recent  snow- 
storm, in  the  early  afternoon,  an  interesting  ex- 
periment was  tried  in  Paris.  At  the  moment 
when  the  sky  was  darkened  by  snow,  the  elec- 
tric lamps  were  lighted  in  the  square  of  the 
Theatre  Francais.  The  reflection  of  the  light 
from  the  snow-flakes  immediately  dispelled  the 
darkness  and  produced  a  very  pleasing  effect. 
It  is  proposed  to  try  a  similar  experiment  in 
misty  weather,  and  if  the  light  can  penetrate 
even  to  the  distance  of  20  meters  (65.6  feet), 
Jablochkoff  lamps  will  be  established  at  points 
where  the  passing  is  most  frequent.  —Les  Mon- 
des. 


Electro-Chemical  Action  Under  Pres- 
sure.— In  a  series  of  about  50  experiments,  each 
of  which  continued  for  several  hours,  and  du- 
ring which  pressures  of  100,  200,  300,  etc.,  at- 
mospheres were  maintained,  A.  Bouvet  found 
the  following  laws:  1.  The  decomposition  o£ 
water  by  a  current  is  independent  of  its  pres- 
sure. 2.  The  quantity  of  electricity  necessary 
to  decompose  a  given  weight  of  water  is  sensi- 
bly the  same,  whatever  may  be  the  pressure. 
The  laws  are  in  perfect  accordance  with  the 
mechanical  theory  of  heat. 


196 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[March  29,  1879. 


Table  of  Highest  and  Lowest  Sales  in 
S.  F.  Stock  Exchange. 


Name  of 
Company. 


Alpha 

Alto 

Andes 

Alps ... 

Argenta 

Atlantic 

Aurora  Tunnel — 

Baltimore  Con 

Belcher 

Belmont 

Best  &  Belcher 

Bullion 

Bechtel 

Belle  Isle 

Bodie 

Benton 

Bulwer 

Boyle 

Black  Hawk 

Belvidere 

Booker 

Caledonia 

California 

Challenge 

Chollar-Potosi 

Comanche 

Confidence 

Con  Imperial 

Con  Virginia 

Crown  Point 

Con  Washoe 

Champion 

Concordia 

Dayton 

DeFrees 

Daney 

Day 

Eureka  Con 

Exchequer 

Endowment 

Gen  Thomas 

Grand  Prize 

Gila 

Golden  Chariot. 

Golden  Terra 

Goodshaw 

Gould  &  Curry 

Hale  &  Norcross — 

Hillside 

Highbridge 

Homestake 

Hnssey 

Independence 

Julia 

Justice 

Jackson 

JoeScates 

KKCon 

Kentuck 

Kossuth 

Keystone 

Lady  Bryan 

Lady  Wash 

Leopard 

Leviathan 

Leeds 

Lee 

May  Belle 

Modoc 

Manhattan 

Martin  White 

McClinton 

Meadow  Valley 

Mexican 

Mides 

Morning  Star 

North  Con  Virginia. 

New  York 

Northern  Belle 

New  Coso 

Navajo 

OocidentaL 

Ophir 

Oriental 

Overman 

Panther 

Phenix 

Phil  Sheridan 

Prospect  

Raymond  &  Ely. , . . 

Richer 

Rock  Island 

Rye  Patch 

Rough  &  Ready 


2. 60 
75c 


Seg  Belcher 

Sierra  Nevada 

Silver  Hill 

Silver  King 

Silver  Prize  

uccor 

Summit 

Scorpion 

Solid  Silver 

South  Bodie 

South  Standard. . . 

Star 

St.  Louis 

Syndicate 

Tioga  Con 

Tiptop 

Trojan 

Union  Con 

Utah 

Vermont  Con 

Ward 

Wells-Fargo 

Woodville 

White  Cloud 

Yellow  Jacket 


Week  Week  >  Week 
Ending  Enilliis  Endins 
Mar.  6.  Mar.  13.  Mar.  20. 


15c 

1.90  1.60 

52   5J 

4.30   4 

7i 


52    a 


13J  Hi 


1.55 
25o 


1 

19j 
6 

75c 
35c 
6S 
4.20 
IS 


151 
1.40 


5j  4.55 
30c  . 


58c  50c 

55c  25c 

101 

17 

1.60 

60c  55c; 


Week 
EndinG 

Mar.  27 


21}  194 

65  5$ 

50c  40c 

i!45  i'.i 


13. 
5.$ 
40c   35c 


75c 

1 

93 

70c  50c 
21J  181 

63  _  5§ 


61 

50c  40c 
15 


163 


75c  50c 

1  80c 

31  2.70 

6  5J 
3.65 


51 


45 


181   155 
1.60  1.35 


50c   25c 
50c  20c 


10 

11  45c 

12!  " 
181 

2i  21 

60c  50c 


1.30  1.10 

.20  1.10 

80c  75c 

35c  25c 
70c 


1.55 

1.65  11 

90c  80c 

35c  30c 

60c  50c 


13  10J 
50c  25c 
101   95 


14  11 

27  25 

47  448 

.20  1.90 


20c  15c 

1.85  1.70 

51  5J 

44  4.10 

7j  7 


20c  ... 

1J  1.8 

42  4 

3.80  31 

51  5 


61  Si 


50c   25c 
55c   10c 


7 

2i  95c 


415  371 


111  9J 
60c  40c 
111  102 


361  33i 
25c  5c 
14   11J 


61   61 
1   75c 


16  131 

36  30 

492  451 

21  1.90 

Ri 


40c  45c 
22 
111.35 
40c  45c 
25c  1 


12  1.55 
6bc  05c 
25c  20c 
76!  66 
18   13! 


2.90  1.70 
60c 


1.401.70  1.40 
5c!  20c  15c 

....  25c 


20   16JI  203   17J 


171 

5S 

2.15  1.70 
35c  30c 
72 
4.29 
17   151 


4 

2  1.45 

85c  60c 

1.65  2.10 

5)  4." 

3.20  2.10 

431  351 

'iij  io' 

1.35  1.05 

51  4.(0 

5»  41 


40c   25c 
15c 


4.30 
30c 


% 
50c   40c 


85c 

l!80 

61 

1.30 


35j   24: 


112   9} 
471  '37 


1 

2.40 


2.30  1.90 
1.05  75c 
20c   15c 


1.35 
10c 


16   111 


Sales  at  S.  F.  Stock  Exchange. 


Friday  A.M.,  Mar.  31. 

570  Alta 5$@58 

110  Alpha 19@18ft 

830  Best&  Belcher... 17<»-i:.'. 

590  Bullion 5>5 

930  Belcher "" 

200  Baltimore  Con 

300  Benton 4.1004.20 

60  California 5'(S5, 

495  Crown  Point 5<o  i ,  <n. 

4550  Con  Imperial l.?,"UYM 

695  Caledonia 2.6iv2.' 

60  Confidence 10} 

100  Challenge 2? 

240  Chollar 41«>  i° 

190  Con  Virginia 5; 

1465  Exchequer 4)-;,   Id 

510  Flowery 75 ■« 05c 

50  Geo  Douglas 50c 

2200  Gould  fc  Curry ihI.yc/i 

1550  Hale  &  Nor 13i<"b\ 

340  Justice 3.70@3  81 

1540  Julia 4.60@4: 

160  Kentuck 4iVl~9i 

460  Lady  Bryan...  .1.10(^1.15 

165  Lady  Wash l@l| 

500  Leviathan. 30c 

610  Mexican 34A@351 

225  Mackey 3.95(<2-3.85 

395  North  Con  Vir 9*@9 

1420  NEonanza 1.65@I.S0 

465  New  York 75@80c 

800  N  Sierra  Nevada 5c 

165  Overman lu;>in 

720  Ophir 3b».30 

1465  Phil  Sheridan 25<<r35r 

310  Sierra  Nevada. .  .45' .«•  (;,■; 

660  Savage lU'eu"-; 

300  SPotosi i 2.2u 

940  Silver  Hill 1.70(»l.OO 

500  Solid  Silver !0«  35c 

450  Succor 40i<'oUe 

280  Scorpion 1J 

100  Santiago 1 

400  Trojan 20c 

130  Utah lSi"17 

85  Union  Con 66@66; 


1510  Ward 1 .35@1£ 

1310  YeUow  Jacket 16@15] 

AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

2445  Argenta 1.10@90c 

1350  Albion 40c 

75  Belmont 50c 

1455  Bechtel 1.70@15 

115  Bodie 6 

1480  Belvidere 1.70(51.45 

100  Bulwer. 16|@17 

930  Black  Hawk 2.90@3 

150  Belle  Isle 35c 

1025  Booker S5(ffiS0c 

600  Champion .35c 

200  Concordia 15c 

430  C  Pacific 2.05@2J 

130  DeFrees 5c 

1465  Dudley 80@70c 

900  Day 30c 

280  Eureka  Con 22@21 

400  Endowment 5c 

150  Gila 30c 

720  Goodshaw 70(S65c 

125  Grand  Prize 4@4.10 

2490  Hussey 20c 

2200  Hamburg 60c 

350  Highbridge 50@45c 

30  Independence 1 J 

50  Ida 15c 

10  Jackson 51 

150  Jupiter 90c 

395  Leopard 85c@1.05 

50  Leeds 60c 

250  McClinton 1.30(^1.20 

450  May  Belle 30c 

755  Mono 2<S2.10 

70  Manhattan 1.80 

140  Northern  Belle 10 

60  Navajo 35c 

400  Noonday li@l .  10 

1000  Oriental 60@65c 

550  Paradise 1.80@1.70 

200  Raymond  &  Ely 6 

660  Red  Cloud l@95c 

1600  Richer '.:..70c 

20  Real  del  Monte 3 

50  Star. 50c 


2350  S  Bodie 40@50c 

680  Summit 2.40@2.30 

12S0  SBulwer 90c 

1390  S  Standard 25c 

1055  Tiptop 1.05@90c 

295  Tioga  Con 2.30@2.15 

500  University 50c 

Saturday  A.M.,  Mar.  22. 

340  Alpha 17(&17J 

520  Alta, 43jfe4.90 

650  Argenta 90c 

950  Albion 40c 

525  Best  &  Belcher.  ,15|@15A 

370  Belcher 6i@6| 

935  Bullion 43@5J 

1250  Booker 60(«80c 

175  Bodie 6@7| 

1000  Benton. 3.55@33 

50  Bulwer I6i 

2440  Belvidere 2@1.80 

695  Bechtel li(o>2 

930  Black  Hawk 2.65(«2£ 

610  Con  Virginia. 5J@5 

105  California 1..5j@5 

500  Confidence 10(g>10J 

115  Chollar 40(3>3y 

795  Crown  Point 4^@4.55 

5700  Con  Imperial.  .1.15^1.20 
300  Champion 35c 

1325  Challenge 2J($2.60 

950  Caledonia 2£@2.55 

275  Caledonia  (B  H) 2 

250  Dardanelles 1 

100  Day 30c 

500  Dudley 70c 

1085  Exchequer 4J@4.05 

190  Eureka  Con 20i 

490  Flowery 50c 

300  Gila 30c 

705  Gould  &  Curry Si@7g 

180  Grand  Prize 4 

250  Goodshaw 60c 

1145  H  &  Norcross. . .  .12i(®llfi 

500  Hussey 20c 

900  Hamburg 1£ 

750  Highbridge 5Q@45c 

420  Independence 12 

240  Justice 3.60@3.40 

1460  Julia 4J@4.45 

SO  Jackson 5i 

550  Jupiter 75c 

600  Kossuth 15c 

365  Kentuck 4J@4i 

510  Leviathan 20@30c 

1360  L  Bryan 1.10(g90c 

700  Lady  Wash U 

50  Leeds 60c 

150  Leopard 1.10@1.15 

1610  Mexican S0@31 

75  Mono 24 

35  M  White 6 

75  Mono 21 

200  McClinton 1.20@lJ 

100  May  Belle 85c 

50  Mackey 4' 

405  New  York 70@75c 

445  N  Con  Virginia. . .  .8&@7{ 

1480  N  Bonanza 1&»1.55 

100  Northern  Belle 91 

120  Navajo 35c 

100  Noonday 1.05 

505  Ophir.. 26^25 

490  Overman 10J@10 

1850  Oriental 65@75c 

950  Phil  Sheridan -30c 

410  Paradise 2@2.15 

900  Raymond  &  E.... 

300  Richer 70c 

895  Savage 10i@10J 

1050  Succor 40@35c 

305  Sierra  Nevada. . .  .42S@42 

550  Silver  Hill U<&1.45 

300  Solid  Silver 35c 

100  Scorpion, 1-20 

25  SPotosi 2. 

750  SBulwer. C0@85e 

550  South  Bodie 50c 

220  Summit 2.15y*2.05 

710  S  Standard 25c 

500  Trojan 20c 

100  Tiptop 85c 

460  Tioga 2.10@2.P 

280  Union  Con 62@6 

215  Utah 15i@15 

350  University 50c 

200  Wells-Fargo 10c 

1745  Ward 1.10@1.15 

630  Yellow  Jacket... 131@12J 

Monday  A.  M.,  Mar.  24 

1070  Alta. 5@5j 

945  Alpha 18i@16i 

300  Andes 40c 

615  Best  &  Belcher. . . .  15@15i 

1120  Belcher 6i<a6j 

970  Bullion 4^(34* 

765  Benton 3}@3 

265  Chollar 36@35i 

540  California 

840  Con  Virginia 43@4.60 

385  Crown  Point 4j(g4.30 

3745  Con  Imperial.  .1.10(01. 05 

760  Challenge 21(32.10 

445  Caledonia 24.@2.10 

365  Confidence 11@12 

1680  Exchequer 3.S0Co>3i 

1255  Gould  k  Curry 7@7i 

1430  Hale  k  Nor 10J«#if 

360  Justice 3.3U@3i 

1435  Julia 4j@4.05 

225  Kentuck 5 

920  Lady  Bryan 75@60c 

350  Leviathan 25c 

340  Lady  Wash 

1555  Mexican 24i@26| 


40  Mackey 

375  New  York 

"  North  Con  Vir.. 


■■-- 


-7i<"7-; 


1960  N  Bonanza lj@l!l5 

.2ft@20 


1355  Ophir. 
270  overman 

400  Phil  Sheridan 30c 

850  Solid  Silver 30@35c 

1200  Savage 9i@9J 

810  SierraNevada. 33®.""" 

425  Silver  Hill 1J@1.; 

80  SPotosi 2.20 

1100  Succor 90c 

350  Scorpion 1@1.05 

365  Utah 13J@12 

270  Union  Con 55<*53i 

1050  Ward 1@1.15 

815  Yellow  Jacket... lli@12.r 

AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

750  Albion 40@35< 

1400  Argenta 90@95c 

100  Belmont 40c 

160  Bodie 

1320  Bechtel 13@1.95 

510  Booker 70@60c 

745  Belvidere lg@1.90 

100  Belle  Isle 35c 

260  Bulwer. 17016* 

590  Black  Hawk 3@3,40 

3C0  Champion 25(a>30c 

450  Con  Pacific 2@2.05 

700  Caledonia  (B7J)...... ...2 

450  Dudley 

375  Day 2O@30c 

240  Eureka  Con 19*@19 

580  Grand  Prize 4J@4.30 

400  Goodshaw 50c 

700  Hussey 20c 

680  Hamburg 50@45c 

350  Hillside 2J@lj 

300  Highbridge 40c 

630  Independence 1J 

200  Ida 40c 

50  Jupiter 50c 

170  Jackson 5 

200  Leopard li(«l 

150  Leeds 65@75c 

300  Martin  White ,..6i 

455  Mono 2@2J 

1200  McClinton 1@1.15 

125  Manhattan H@l| 

290  Northern  Belle 94@9g 

430  Navajo 35{*30c 

750  Noonday 1 

800  Oriental . 

750  Paradise. 

210  Raymond  &  Ely. . .  .5J@5g 

150  Red  Cloud 1 


520  Richer 70c 

850  S  Bulwer. 80@75c 

350  Summit ...2.10 

410  S  Standard 15c 

500  S  Bodie 45@50c 

500  Tuscarora 5c 

1250  Tioga  Con 2.05@1.90 

650  Tiptop 90@75c 

1100  University 50c 

Tuesday  A.  M.,  Mar.  2h. 

600  Alta 5.20@5g 

60  Alpha 18@175 

380  Ande3 40@35c 

345  Best  &  Belcher.... 17@161 

745  Belcher 6| 

355  Bullion 5j> 

700  Benton 3ift?3.40 

855  California 4.80@4.90 

305  Caledonia 2j@2.40 

855  Con  Virginia 4j@5 

1430  Con  Imperial 1.20 

165  Chollar 40(6)39 

540  Crown  Point 4j@4i 

15  Confidence 12ft 

430  Challenge 2.60(3-2,65 

1070  Exchequer 4@4.10 

500  Flowery 60@65c 

610  Gould  &  Curry 8im% 

590  H  &  Norcross. . .  .lljl&io! 

125  Justice 3i@3£ 

415  Julia 4.15 

70  Kentuck 4J 

560  Lady  Bryan 75@90e 

130  Lady  Wash 1^1.10 

350  Leviathan 25c 

1595  Mexican 29J@31i 

140  Mackey 3 

1090  New  York 65@70c 

635  North  Con  Vir Sl@S 

1160  N  Bonanza 1£@1.40 

1165  Ophir 2«@24£ 

185  Overman 9£@9j( 

1400  Phil  Sheridan  . . .  .20(g25c 

80  SPotosi 2.20 

790  Sierra  Nevada, . .  .41@42J 
420  Savage 10J@10£ 

1880  Silver  Hill 1J@1.66 

1505  Succor l@75c 

475  Solid  Silver 30@35c 

100  Santiago 1 

1200  Trojan 20@15c 

200  Utah 15(03145 

335  Union  Con 57i@59 

1245  Ward 1.15@H 

905  Yellow  Jacket. . .  .144(314 

AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

70  Argenta I 

630  Booker 70c 

250  Bodie 6i@6J 

2215  Bechtel 2@2.15 

930  Belvidere 1.85@2 

100  Bulwer 16@15A. 

540  Belmont 45c 

950  Belle  Isle 35@30c 

1075  Black  Hawk 4<a32 

300  Champion 25f*30c 

140  CPacific 2.10(2-2.20 

100  Caledonia  (B  H) 2 

450  Day 30c 

800  Dudley 70@65c 

165  Eureka  Con 19i@20 

200  Endowment 25c 

50  Golden  Terra 9£ 

360  Giant&O  A 5 

830  Goodshaw 60(§j55c 

1300  Graud  Prize 4.05@4 

300  Hussey 20c 

50  Hillside 13 

500  Hamburg 50c 

100  Highbridge 45c 

680  Independence 1| 

360  Jackson 5@5i 

500  Jupiter 70@60c 

295  Leopard 1@1.10 

400  Leeds 75@65c 

870  McClinton 1.10@li 

90  Manhattan l\ 

50  May  Belle 30c 

225  Mono 2@2.05 

40  Northern  Belle.  .lOUff  10;' 

300  Navajo 35c 

800  Noonday 1 .35 

400  Paradise 1.90 

100  Raymond  &  Ely 6@61 

100  Real  del  Monte 2 

500  Red  Cloud 1 

300  Richer 70@65c 

600  S  Bodie 45(&50c 

825  Summit 2@2.15 

805  S  Bulwer 75@65c 

1450  South  Standard..  15<g20c 

3610  Tuscarora 5c 

225  Tiptop 75c 

1110  Tioga  Con 2.15@2 

450  University ...,50c 

Wed'sday  A.M.,Mar.  2G. 

60  Alpha 17J@18 

60  Alta 5i@53 

325  B  &  Belcher 163@I6A 

200  Brilliant 50c 

645  Bullion 5g@5i 

625  Belcher U@1i 

480  Benton 3i@3.60 

240  Chollar 42@43 

715  Con  Virginia 5@4.95 

555  California 4.85«£4.90 

955  Crown  Point 4J@5 

440  Caledonia 2.40@2A 

2800  Con  Imperial.. ..1.20@li 

50  Confidence 14 

320  Challenge 2.70^23 

805  Exchequer 4<a3.90 

650  Flowery 55@50o 

645  Gould  &  Curry 8i@8i 

865  Hale  &  Nor 12@llj 

775  Justice 3i@3.60 

330  Julia 4.15<a4 

55  Kentuck 43@5 

200  Leviathan 25c 

665  Lady  Bryan 90c@l 

100  Lady  Wash .1.10 

915  Mexican 3K2-30J 

100  Mackey 3 

15  Mount  Dew 21 

705  North  Con  Vir 9@9| 

1020  New  York 70c 

1085  N  Bonanza H@1.40 

100  N  Sierra  Nevada 5c 

285  Overman 101 

635  Ophir 254@24| 

400  Phil  Sheridan 15c 

1200  Succor 90@75c 

764  Savage lOlGtlO* 

930  S  Nevada 44i@454 

100  Solid  Silver 35c 

725  Silver  Hill li@1.70 

175  S  Potosi 2.20@2i 

400  Trojan 20@15c 

355  Utah 153(<*15J 

785  Union 57J@57 

600  Ward 1.20@1.15 

1535  Yellow  Jacket.... 14i@14 

AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

600  Argenta 1@1.10 

100  Albion 30c 

50  Bulwer 15$ 

990  Bechtel 1.90@1.S0 

480  Bodie 6i(g6£ 

625  Belmont 45@50c 

505  Black  Hawk 3£@3.55 

2420  Booker 70@75c 

465  Belvidere 1.90<S>1.85 

SCO  Champion 35(ft40c 

130  CPacific 2i@2.15 

1400  Dudley 7C@S0c 

190  Eureka  Con 1SJ. 

445  Grand  Prize 4.05@4 

5u0  Goodshaw 60(S*55c 

100  Giant  &  O  A 4jj 


60  Hussey 20c 

50  Hillside 13 

50  Hamburg 45c 

2550  Highbridge 45@50c 

25  Independence 1.60 

500  Jupiter ..70c 

100  Jackson 5i 

1360  Leopard 1.05(S>1.10 

300  Leeds 70c 

480  McClinton 1J 

25  Manhattan 14 

500  M  White 6i@6i 

460  Mono 2@2j 


MINING  SHAREHOLDERS'  DIRECTORY. 


Compiled  every  Thursday  from  Advertisements  in  Mining  and  Scientific  Press  and  other  S.  F.  Journals. 
ASSESSMENTS-STOCKS  ON  THE  LISTS  OP  THE  BOARDS. 


Company. 

\lta  S  M  Co 
Beclitel  Con  M  Co 
Belcher  S  M  Co 
Belvidere  M  Co 
DeFrees  M  &  M  Co 
Dudley  M  Co 
Endowment  M  Co 
Exchequer  M  Co 
Gould  &  Curry  S  M  Co 
Hale  &  Norcross  S  M  Co 
Leviathan  M  Co 
Manhattan  S  M  Co 
Martin  White  M  Co 
McCrackin  Con  M  Co 
Modock  Con  M  Co 
Navajo  M  Co 
N  Con  Virginia  M  Co 
Phil  Sheridan  G  &  S  M  Co 
Resolute  T  &  M  Co 
Ssivuge  M  Co 
Silver  Prize  G  &  S  M  Co 
South  Bulwer  G  M  Co 
South  Standard  M  Co 


Location.  No. 

California  14 

California  1 

Nevada  17 

California  3 

Nevada  9 

California  2 

Nevada  3 

Nevada  13 

Nevada  35 

Nevada  61 

Nevada  8 

Nevada  2 

Nevada  5 

Arizona  2 

California  8 

Nevada  5 

Nevada  16 

Nevada  9 

California  1 
Nevada  ,  37 

Nevada  4 

California  2 

California  4 


Amt.  Levied, 

1  00  Feb  20 

10  Feb  18 

I  00  Feb  7 

20  Feb  24 

10  Mar  11 

25  Jan  29 

25  Feb  20 

1  00  Feb  26 

1  00  Mar  11 

1  00  Mar  12 

25  Mar  6 

1  00  Mar  3 

1  50  Dec  14 

50  Oct  22 

50  Feb  13 

20  Feb  4 

1  00  Mar  21 

40  Mar  24 

10  Dec  28 

1  00  Feb  17, 

25  Febl 

10  Feb  27 

15  Feb  25 


Delinq> 

Mar  27 
Mar  25 
Mar  12 
Mar  29 

April 
Mar  3 
Mar  31 
Mar  31 
Apr  16 
Apr  16 
Apr  12 
Apr8 
Jan  21 

Mar  3 
Mar  24 
Mar  12 
Apr  24 
Apr  25 
Mar  3 
Mar  11 

Mar  6 
Mar  31 
Mar  31 


Apr  15 
Apr  15 
April  1 
Apr  26 
May  3 
Apr  1 
Apr  21 
Apr  21 
May  7 
May  8 
May  2 
Apr  30 
Apr  22 
Apr  7 
Apr  15 
April  3 
May  13 
May  13 
Mar  31 
Mar  31 
Mar  29 
Apr  21 
Apr  21 


Secretary. 
W  H  Watson 
WmHLent 
Jno  Crockett 
C  V  D  Hubbard 
T  E  Atkinson 
E  C  Masten 
R  H  Brown 
Joseph  Grass 
A  K  Din-brow 
Joel  F  Lightner 
F  E  Luty 
Jno  Crockett 
J  J  Scoville 
H  A  Whiting 
J  W  Pew 
R  H  Brown 
G  C  Pratt 
D  L  Thomas 
J  L  Fields 
E  B  Holmes 
W  H  Redingtou 
Wm  Stuart 
C  A  Sankey 


Place  ok  Business 

302  Montgomery  s 

309  Montgomery  Bfc 

203  Bush  st 

203  Bush  st 

318  Pine  st 

309  Montgomery  st 

327  Pine  st 

418  California  st 

309  Montgomery  "st 

309  Montgomery  st 

507  Montgomery  st 

203  Bush  st 

59  Nevada  Block 

211  Sansomest 

310  Pine  Bt 

327  Pine  Bt 

309  Montgomery  at 

203  Bush  st 

240  Montgomery  st 

309  Montgomeryst 

1114  Leidesdorfli  st 

320  Sansome  st 

331  Montgomery  st 


OTHER  COMPANIES-NOT  ON  THE  LISTS  OP  THE  BOARDS. 


Amazon  Con  M  Co 

Aurora  T  &  M  Co 

Con  Dorado  M  Co 

Day  S  M  Co 

Diana  G  &  S  M  Co 

Eagle  SM&M  Co 

Equitable  T  &  M  Co 

Godfrey  Gravel  M  Co 

Hackberry  M  k  M  Co 

Hazard  G  M  Co 

Howe  S  M  Co 

Jupiter  M  Co 

Mammoth  M  Co 

Mayflower  Gravel  M  Co 

McMillen  S  M  Co 

New  York  M  Co 

Northern  Light  G  &  S  M  Co 

Oriental  Con  G  &  S  M  Co 

Pinal  M  &  M  Co 

Pioneer  Con  M  Co 

Queen  Bee  M  Co 

Red  Hill  H&  WCo 

Richer  M  Co 

S  F  Petroleum  Co 

Silver  King  South  M  Co 

Slate  Creek  G  M  Co 

Summit  M  Co 

Tiger  M  Co 

University  G  M  Co 

Wide  Awake  Prospecting  k  M 

Wide  Awake  M  k  M  Co 


Nevada 
California 

Nevada 
Nevada 

Nevada 

Nevada 

Utah 

California 

Arizona 
California 

Nevada 
California 
California 
California 

Arizona 

Nevada 
California 
California 

Arizona 

Nevada 
California 
California 
California 
California 

Arizona 
California 
California 

Arizona 
California 
Co  Ariz 
California 


10  Mar  24 

20  Feb  24 

50  MarlO 

05  Feb  6 

10  Feb  12 

25  Feb  19 

10  Mar  21 

05  Jan  17 

50  Jan  16 

10  Mar  21 

03  Feb  24 
10  Feb  15 
20  Feb  12 
10  Mar  26- 
25  Mar  19 
40  Feb  18 
10  Jan  23 
50  Feb  18 

6  00  Feb  19 

05  Mar  6 

10  Mar  6 

05  Feb  24 

25  MarS 

16  Feb  6 

10  Mar  12 

25  Jan  21 

05  Feb  4 

30  Mar  14 

10  Marl 

04  Febl 

05  Mar  21 


Apr  28 
April  1 
Apr  12 
Mar  15 
Mar  27 
Mar  24 
Apr  23 
Feb  20 

Apr  22 
Mar  31 
Mar  18 
MarlO 
Apr  30 
Apr  23 
Mar  25 
Mar  28 
Mar  24 
Apr  5 
Apr  12 
Apr  9 
Mar  31 
Apr  14 
Mar  11 
Apr  23 
Mar  3 
Mar  11 
Apr  23 
Apr  5 
April  1 
May  2 


May  20 
Apr  30 
Apr  30 
April  8 
Apr  12 
Apr  15 
May  14 
Apr  7 
Mar  29 
May  9 
Apr  21 
Apr  16 
Apr  10 
May  20 
May  15 
Apr  15 
Apr  15 
April 
May  5 
May  3 
May  5 
Apr  17 
May  5 
Mar  31 
May  20 
Mar  31 
AprilS 
Mar  19 
Apr  26 
May  1 
May  27 


Jno  Crockett  203  Bush  st 

C  Van  Dyck  Hubbard        203  Bush  st 
J  M  Buflingtou  309  California  st 

J  W  Pew  310  Pine  st 

J  T  McGeoghegan  318  Pine  st 

R  H  Brown  327  Pine  st 

Chas  J  Collins        227  Montgomery  st 
J  M  Burlington  309  California  st 

N  C  Walton,  Jr  324  Pine  st 

J  T  McGeoghegan  318  Pine  st 


H  B  Sand 
E  C  Masten 
A  W  Rose 
J  Morizio 
J  Morizio 
D  L  Thomas 
S  F  Monroe 
Wm  R  Bentley 
Amos  Roberts 
J  M  BuSington 
Tbos  A  White 
A  B  Taul 
W  H  Lent 
Wendell  Eastou 
A  Judson 
J  L  Fields 
R  N  Van  Brunt 
Wm  H  Lent 
Wm  Letts  Oliver 
C  llildebrandt 
R  N  Van  Brunt 


MEETINGS  TO  BE  HELD. 


Name  of  Company. 
Atlanta  M  Co 
Comanche  M  &  M  Co 
Gold  Deposit  G  &  S  M  Co 
Modock  Con  M  Co 


Location.    Secretary.   . 

Utah    E  B  Jago 
California    W  W  Traylor 

J  M  Buttiugton 
California    J  W  Pew 


Office  in  S.  F. 

420  Montgomery  st 

309  Montgomery  st 

309  California  st 

310  Pine  st 


404  Montgomery  st 

309  Montgomery  st 

302  Montgomery  st 

328  Montgomery  st 

328  Montgomery  st 

203  Bush  st 

419  California  st 

327  Pine  st 

214  Sansome  st 

309  California  Bt 

113  Leidesdorff  st 

328  Montgomery  st 

309  Montgomery  st 

22  Montgomeryst 

320  Sansome  at 

240  Montgomery  st 

318  Pine  Bt 

309  Montgomeryst 

32SMontgm,yst 

232  Sutter  st 

318  Pine  st 


Date 


Annual 
Annual 
Annual 
Special 


LATEST   DIVIDENDS-WITHIN    THREE    MONTHS 


Name  cp  Company. 
Bodie  G  M  Co 
California  M  Co 
Excelsior  W  &  M  Co 
Eureka  Con  M  Co 
Standard  GM  Co 


Location.    Secretary. 
California    W  H  Lent 

Nevada    C  P  Gordon 
California    G  P  Thurston 

Nevada    W  W  Traylor 
California    W  Willis 


Office  in  S.  F. 

327  Pine  st 

23  Nevada  Block 

315  California  st 

37  Nevada  Block 

309  Montgomery  st 


AiiOUNT. 
1  00 
1  00 


April  5 

April  7 

Mar  31 

Apr  7 


Payable 
Jan  20 
Jan  16 
Jan  20 
Mar  20 
Mar  12 


1C0<>  Navajo 35@30c 

160  Noonday 1.70 

600  Oriental 60c 

100  Paradise 1 .95 

80  Raymond  &  Ely 6 

320  Red  Cloud H 

975  S  Bodie 45(g?50c 

100  Silver  King 8 


280  Summit 2@2.05 

970  S  Standard 15c 

600  S  Bulwer. 75@S0c 

100  Tiptop 75c 

785  Tioga  Con 2@1.90 

50  Tuscarora 10c 

1550  University 50c 

400  White  Cloud 1 


SALES  OF   LAST  WEEK   AND  THIS  COMPARED 


Thursday  A.M.,  Mar.  *»«, 

370  Alta 5j<tt5 

300  Alpha 2U«'2U;; 

100  Andes 45@40c 

200  Bestfc  Belcher.. 18JOT18J 

330  Bullion 5i@5 

600  Belcher 8S@8j 

570  Benton 4i 

270  Caledonia 2.7U 

1570  Con  Imperial 1.35 

150  Chollar ._.45 

595  California 5J> 

450  Challenge 

780  Con  Virginia 5J 

30  Confidence 15i(2'15* 

800  Crown  Point 5i|@5f 

1700  Dardanelles 

450  Exchequer '. 

270  Flowery 75c 

1055  Gould  a  Curry. .  .10i@10J 

680  Hale  &  Nor 16JC "  ' 

365  Justice 4J@4.10 

775  Julia 5i@5i 

200  Kentuck 5j 

950  L  Bryan 1.20 


500  Leviathan 35@30c 

610  Mexican 38@37£ 

200  Mackey 4 

1140  New  York 45@40c 

275  N  Con  Virginia 10(5"' 

350  N  Bonanza 

440  Ophir 34@i    . 

165  Overman llj 

400  Phil  Sheridan 30@25c 

255  SierraNevada 45^ 

525  Savage 131<&13i 

310  Scorpion l{@1.20 

370  Silver  Hill 2@1.'"" 

160  Senator 10c 

960  Succor 40@35c 

500  Solid  Silver 40c 

130  SPotosi 2.20 

600  Trojan 25@20c 

40  Utah 18 

395  Union  Con 70J@69 

500  Wells-Fargo loc 

920  Ward 1.45@1.40 

765  Yellow  Jacket... 172@17i 
AFTERNOON  session. 

830  Argenta 1.15@1.30 

100  Albion 40c 

2055  Belvidere 1.45(^1.70 

210  Bodie 

165  Bulwer  , . . 

205  Black  Hawk 

1180  Bechtel 1.60@1.9U 

150  Belle  Isle ....35c 

100  Booker 90c 

400  Chieftain... 
■2M  CPacific... 

1500  Champion . . 
300  Concordia... 
200  DeFrees 

3200  Day 

93U  Dudley 50(rf80c 

445  Eureka  Con 22 

1000  Endowment 5c 

175  GrandPrize 4} 

1050  Gila 25@30c 

390  Goodshaw 70@75c 

150  Hamburg 60c 

100  Hussey ._.25c 

1 50  Highbridge 50(«55c 

50  Independence 1.70 

600  Ida 5c@l 

300  J ackson 5J 

50  Jupiter 1 

760  Leopard 90(O.95c 

405  Mono 2j@2.15 

200  Manhattan 1.90 

870  Minnietta  Bell 10J 

300  McClinton 1.30(^1.40 


..6.V6J 
....  16MB17 


,.2.ir*»2; 

. .  .35(«40c 

20c 

5c 

.30(«35c 


Thursd'T  A.  M„  Mar.  21. 

260  Alta bi(Qbi 

280  Andes 40c 

130  Alpha 19@19J 

120  Best  &  Belcher.. .171@173 

1090  Belcher 8}(&Sf 

530  Bullion 5A@5£ 

30  Benton 3.70(^3.30 

195  California 4.90@5 

395  Con  Virginia 5@5i 

770  Crown  Point 5J@5s 

60  Cbollar 42*@43* 

1655  Con  Imperial..  1. 30(61.35 

115  Confidence 14f 

210  Caledonia 2A@2.65 

365  Chalk-nge 3@3.20 

480  Dardenelles l@lj 

420  Exchequer 3.90@3.95 

50  Flowery 60c 

340  GouldfcCurry 8i(as2 

285  Hale  &  Nor 12J 

690  Justice 3.65(653.80 

1145  Julia 4.15(5?41 

255  Kentuck 5 

800  Kossuth 15c 

130  Lady  Wash 1.10 

300  Lady  Bryan 1^ 

400  Leviathan 30@25c 

750  Mexican 33i@33| 

250  Mountain  View .2/. 

200  Mackey 3.10 

125  New  York  . . 75c 

185  North  Con  Vir 9i'@9i 

705  N  Bonanza 1J@1.45 

420  Ophir 26?<tt26| 

145  Overman llJfttlOj 

900  Phil  Sheridan  . . .  .20@15c 
295  Sierra  Nevada. .  .47i@464 

30  Savage 1H@11 

230  Succor 90@80c 

375  Silver  Hill 1.80@1.65 

485  Scorpion 1.80(&H 

500  Solid  Silver 35c 

110  S  Potosi 2\ 

150  Trojan 15c 

330  Union  Con 59i@58* 

135  Utah 16titb]6 

575  Ward li@1.20 

1245  Yellow  Jacket..  .15i@15i 

AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

430  Argenta 1@1.10 

50  Albion. 35c 

100  Belle  Isle 30c 

70  Bulwer 15A.@16 

1000  Bodie 6@6l 

1550  Bechtel U@1.55 

100  Belmont 40c 

750  Belvidere 1.60(&1J 

500  Black  Hawk 31@3.60 

7»0  Booker 65@75c 

.608  Champion 30@40c 

250  Concordia 25c 

1000  Chieftain 15c 

i20  C  Pacific 2.10@2.20 

10  Caledonia  <B  H) 1.90 

1600  Dudley 70c 

3870  Endowment 30c 

255  Eureka  Con 15(5516 


I  Northern  Belle IOJi  155 

)  Navajo 40035c  1320 


Noonday l(alj 

Oriental 10(&5c 

Paradise 2.35 

Raymond  &  Ely  . .  .6J<«6* 

Ked  Cloud 95c(«l 

Richer 70c 

Summit 2J@2.40 

Star i;0i«5Uc 

SBodie -10«'5uu 

South  Standard.  .2*»i" 30c 

s  1-Iulwer 90e(«l 

Tiptop 1@1.10 

Tioga  Con 2.15(«" 

Tuscarora 5c 

University 50c 


Manhattan l\ 

McClinton 1.20@1.30 

Navajo 25(«o0c 

Northern  Belle. . .  .9j(ai0 

Noonday l.'.@1.60 

Oriental 60c 

Paradise 1.95W2 

Real  Del  Monte 2.80 

Raymond  &  Ely 51 

Red  Cloud IJ 

SBulwer 65@75c 

SBodie 40c 

Star 60c 

Summit 2.05 

S  Standard 10(t15c 

Tioga  Con 1.85@1.90 

University 40(o-50c 


Pacific  Board— Latest  Sales. 


270  Goodshaw 55c 

370  Grand  Prize 4@4.10 

200  Gila 30c 

20  Golden  Terra 9 

50  Hillside 1.80 

850  Hussey 20c 

550  Highbridge 45@50c 

100  Independence 1.60 

950  Jupiter 50@60c 

100  Jackson 6 

870  Leopard 1@1.05 

100  Martin  White 6}@6i 

340  Mono 2,05@2.l0 


Wed'sdaT  A.M.,  Mar.  26. 

10  Alpha 173 

120  Alta 52<&5l 

110  Belcher 7J(a7.30 

30  Bullion 5.40(a5.30l 

15  Best  &Belcher,..16',((fl6]|  145 

75  Con  Virginia 5' 

490  Con  Imperial. ...H@l. 20 
180  Crown  Point... 4. 85(^4. 80 

125  California 4.95@4J 

100  Challenge.. 2.70@2j( 

30  Chollar 42 

95  Exchequer 3.90@3f 

90  Gould  &  Curry 8l 

170  Hale  &  Nor llitcolli 

120  Justice 3.65 

155  Julia... 4  05@ ■'" 

10  Kentuck 4.95 

90  Mexican SO'taSO-f 

120  Ophir 24j(S23 

10  Savage. 101 

70  Sierra  Nevada 45j@45 

310  Silver  Hill 1.60(gd.65 

20  Utah 15J 

20  Union  Con 57 

405  Yellow  Jacket... 14J@14J 

A  FTERNOON  SESSION. 

100  Bullion 51 

50  Benton 3j 

20  Best&Belcher 16s 


5 

20  Challenge 

23 

40  Confidence  

14 

10  Con  Virginia. . . 

5 

4.95 

35c 

19* 

600  Exchequer 

33 

550  Gouldfc  Curry. 

...8J@S5 

185  Hale  &  Nor. . . . 

.A2(al2\ 

4i 

3.65 

II 

30! 
1} 

200  Mackey 

50  McClinton 

70c 

.255(8251 

10! 

100  Phil  Sheridan  . 

16c 

1000  S  Utah 

..141S15C 

50  Silver  Hill 

1.70 

25  SBodie 

50c 

20c 

10  Utah 

158 

1.15 

10  Yellow  Jacket. 

.14S0SUJ 

California  Board— Latest  Sales. 


Wcd'stlay  A.M.,  Mar.  26.; 

50  Alpha 17j@17j 

60  Alta 5JK35SI 

60  Best  &  Belcher... 174(ffl7g 

30  Belcher H 

10  Bullion 5i 

500  Crevice 12Jc 

50  California 5@4.95 

45  Con  Virginia 51 

300  Con  Imperial U 

35  Crown  Point. .   5 

150  Caledonia 2i 

185  Exchequer 4@4.05 

80  Gould  &,  Curry 8i 

40  Hale  &  Norcross.  121<a>lll 

90  Julia 4J@4.15 

40  Mexican 35 

1000  Monumental 5c 

100  N  Sierra  Nev 5c 

30  Ophir 243 

700  Phil  Sheridan 15(col6c 

1400  S  Utah H(gl3c; 

30  Savage 12 

40  Sierra  Nevada 

100  Silver  Jacket 80c 

100  Trojan 

30  Union 56J 

200  Wm  Penn 8c 

60  Yellow  Jacket  ...15<3>15A 

AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

500  .-Etna 5c 

50  Alpha 171(2d7J 

60  Alta 5i(g?5i 

100  Alexander 41 

100  Black  Hawk 3i@3.65 


40  Bullion 51 

40  Best  &  Belcher 16$ 

4U  Belcher 7i 

40  Caledonia 2.40 

150  Concordia 20c 

30  Con  Virginia 5 

40  Crown  Point 4.90 

200  Con  Imperial li 

40  California 5 

30  Chollar 42 

30  Challenge 3 

100  Crcesus 15c 

250  Enterprise 1 

70  Exchequer 4@4.05 

200  G  Deposit 75c 

60  Gould  k  Curry 8j@8i 

30  Hale&Nor 11? 

30  Julia 4.05 

30  Justice 35 

100  L  Bryan 1.05 

40  Mexican 31 

100  New  York 64c 

20  Ophir 243 

40  Overman 101 

150  Phil  Sheridan 15c 

130  Silver  Hill li 

20  Savage 10J 

2uo  S  Utah 13@12c 

30  Sierra  Nevada 45 

110  Trojan 15c 

230  Tiger 1.10@1.15 

300  UFlag 5c 

20  Union  Con 57 

200  Wales 14 

50  Yellow  Jacket..  ..141^141 


March  2g,  1879. ~\ 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


197 


Mining  Share  Market. 

The  stock  manipulators  have  allowed  mining 
stocks  to  decline  of  late,  till  a  decided  panic  has 
taken  place.  There  was  nothing  from  the  mines 
to  warrant  this  beyond  the  fact  that  no  im- 
mediate bene  lit  could  be  made  to  accrue  to  the 
Com  stocks  from  the  Sutro  Tuunel  compromise. 
However,  this  was  largely  used  as  an  excuse, 
together  with  the  expected  disastrous  effects  of 
the  new  Constitution  on  stock  operations,  if 
adopted  next  May.  These  arc,  to  great  extent, 
mere  pretexts.  The  present  break  did  not  come 
without  assistance,  and  that  assistance,  beyond 
a  doubt,  was  furnished  by  the  insiders  to  force 
the  marginal  stock  upon  the  market.  This 
stock  was  finally  squeezed  out  and  immediately 
absorbed  by  somebody,  which  is  enough  to  war- 
rant the  opinion  that  the  break  was  forced  for 
this  purpose,  and  perhaps  the  passage  of  these 
shares  from  weaker  into  stronger  hands  will 
open  up  the  way  to  a  more  active  and  advancing 
market.  The  shrinkage  is  more  severe  than  any 
felt  since  last  October.  Any  one  familiar  with 
the  history  of  stock  deals  will  remember  that 
for  a  number  of  years  past  there  has  been  a  de- 
pression in  the  market  at  about  this  time,  the 
one  a  year  ago  being  peculiarly  heavy.  They 
all  may  be  attributed  to  the  same  cause,  viz., 
that  people  early  in  the  year  buy  stocks  at  in- 
Hated  prices  in  expectation  of  a  "  spring  rise" 
or  something  else,  and  as  a  result  get  the  ben- 
efit of  a  fall.  Xhe  present  panic  is  peculiar, 
in  that  stocks  have  not  for  some  time  back  been 
running  at  fancy  or  inflated  prices.  Toward 
the  close  a  slightly  better  tone  prevailed,  oper- 
ators feeling  that  the  marginal  stocks  being  dis- 
posed of,  they  were  better  able  to  strengthen 
and  enliven  the  market.  Bodie  stocks  gener- 
ally held  their  own — perhaps  because  they  had 
their  crash  at  the  end  of  last  week.  All  others, 
almost,  fell  and  can  scarcely  as  yet  be  said  to 
have  revived. 


ilNING     NUMMARY. 


The  following  is  mostly  eonleuttd  from  journals  pub- 
lished in  the  interior,  in  proximity  to  the  mines  111 


The  Bequette  System  of  Milling. 

A  plan  for  flour  milling,  devised  by  Mr.  D. 
Bequette,  and  which  has  been  styled  a  "mill 
without  walls,"  owing  to  its  peculiar  style  of 
construction,  seems  now  in  a  fair  way  to  be 
practically  tested.  Mr.  Bequette  builds  a  mill 
something  on  the  pyramidal  style,  each  story 
being  smaller  than  the  one  beneath  it,  thus  gain- 
ing strength,  solidity,  capacity  and  altitude 
where  they  are  most  needed.  He  groups  his 
machinery  around  the  center  of  the  building, 
from  story  to  story,  in  a  way  to  secure  great 
economy  of  power  at  a  low  cost  for  building  and 
other  outlays.  His  project  is  advanced  as  a 
great  benefit  to  the  State,  by  enabling  its  farm- 
ers and  merchants  to  export  flour,  instead  of 
wheat,  thus  giving  employment  to  a  great  num- 
ber of  people  in  the  manufacture  of  flour,  and 
cases  to  contain  it,  leaving  the  bran  and  offal  to 
be  used  by  other  branches  of  industry  or  pro- 
duction, and  saving  the  freight  on  exports  of 
waste  material  and  the  cost  of  imported  grain 
bags,  which  would  collectively  effect  a  saving 
of  several  millions  of  dollars  annually  to  the 
producers  and  consumers  of  breadstuff's.  It  is 
claimed  that  a  Bequette  mill  would  enable  its 
proprietors  to  handle  large  quantities  of  grain, 
and  produce  a  superior  article  of  flour,  at  less 
cost  than  mills  built  upon  the  old  and  imperfect 
methods,  while  such  a  mill  would  cost  much 
less  than  one  of  the  present  style  of  half  its 
working  capacity. 

In  order  to  test  this  system  practically,  an 
incorporation  consisting  of  practical  millers  has 
been  formed,  and  styled  the  "  Cosmopolitan 
Milling  Company,"  with  offices  at  712  Sansome 
street.  The  proposition  ia  to  erect  a  mill  im- 
mediately, providing  enough  funds  are  sub- 
scribed. The  experiment  will  be  watched  with 
interest  to  discover  what  measure  of  success  it 
may  attain. 


Columbia  River  Bar. — The  channel  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Columbia  river  is  said  to  be  chang- 
ing. It  is  the  opinion  of  Col.  Gillispie  and 
others  versed  in  such  matters  who  have  observed 
the  movement  of  the  bars  that  in  a  few  years  at 
most  the  main  channal  will  be  between  Sand 
island  and  what  is  known  as  the  middle  sands. 
The  bar  across  this  channel  is  gradually  wash 
ing  out,  and  light  draft  coasters  now  occasion- 
ally come  in  that  way,  the  water  being  13  feet 
at  low  tide.  The  channel  is  true  west  from 
Chinook  Point,  and  is  almost  straight  from  the 
southernmost  point  of  Sand  island.  Should  the 
depth  become  great  enough  in  this  new  channel, 
the  terrors  of  the  Columbia  river  bar  will  have 
almost  entirely  disappeared.  —  Crescent  City 
Courier. 


Exhibits  for  the  Australian  Exhibition. 
We  have  received  a  circular  from  Messrs. 
Edward  Clarke  &  Co.,  434  California  St.,  S.  F., 
inviting  exhibits  from  this  coast  to  the  coming 
international  exhibition  at  Sydney.  Mess 
Clarke  &  Co.,  are  authorized  to  receive  the 
same. 


CALIFORNIA. 
AMADOR. 

,  Hat.  ii:    T.  Atkinson 
has  opened  »  new  claim  In  the  Boulder  Flat  rangi     B 

tahn  Green  c  urn,  1-  1  mining   it  night 

mid  liny,  ami  ho*  a  good  Oil  ipect.     Hie  GWfl 

-  Chirm 
lull.  Union  i'. it.  hi. mi.  gulefa  and  Grizzly  hill,  aro  all 
Beading  their  quota  of  Buckings  to  enrich  the  valleys 
m. ■-.  i.      b  'i- ' in ..    works  In  die  Bat,  have  been  ■ 

some  on  account  ol  I ich  «  round.    It 

ww  Impossible  tor  the  Cornish  pumps,  to  keep  it  down  In 
the  pit  sn  the  men  could  work,    J.  uridsbench  will  finish 
a  crushing  ol  LOO  tons  at  the  Mace  mill  this  wi 
will  avenge  f50  per  ton,  and  baa  80  tons  on  the  Jump  ut 
the  mine  that   villpaj   070.    The  Santa  Crux  company 

have  tiiken  i..ut  Buinu  in if,  and  intend  testing  it   at  a 

mill  soon.  Hie  only  one  In  the  vicinity  Stewart's  mill  - 
i-  kept  constantly  running  on  the  Downs  rook  Jones  A 
Until usui  1  have  .1  line  Int  nl'nru  .hi  their  il iitup,  wi tli  a  good 
prospect  ofjceeplng/lt  there,  unless  some  enterprising  man 
will  come  this  way  and  b'ulld  ■>  -.mull  custom  mill. 

fi  .  south  [tub.— Hie  contract  f>>r  sinking  in  tin'  John 
mine  is  nearly  finished.  The  shaft  is  .'.0  u  deep,  and  fine 
looking  ore  lies  on  the  (lump.  The  south  extension  Is  also 
being  worked  bj  other  parties,  with  flattering  prospects. 
The  crushing  "i  rock  from  the  Victoria  surrendered  only 
.-1  '.»i  per  tun.  L'harles  Green  A:  Co.,  have  bought  the 
north  extension  of  the  Illinois  claim,  from   a  man   (mined 

Flggs.  The  Pioneer,  owned  by  John  Evans,  adjoine  the 
New  London  claim,  south  ol  Plymouth.  The  bottom  Ol 
the  shaft  is  covered  with  a  strata  of  good  ore,  and  the 
prospects  for  a  paying  mine  is  cheering.  Negotiations 
are  progressing  lor  the  disposal  ol  the  property.  A  com- 
pany from  below  Is  expected  to  take  hold, 

CALAVERAS. 

Gravel  Mlnks. —CftromcJc,  Mar.  22:  Brown  &  Co., 
tunnel  claim,  are  working  6teodily,  although  not  evincing 
a  disposition  to  crowd  things  to  extremities.  They  have 
one  of  the  heat  claims  in  this  suction  of  the  country.  At 
present  operations  are  confined  to  running  a  single  drift 
necessary  for  the  full  development  of  the  mine.  At  the 
Rough  Diamond  there  ia  no  particular  change  noticeable. 
The  mill  is  not  run  steadily,  the  force  of  hands  employed 
being  unable  to  mine  gravel  us  fast  as  the  stamps  can 
crush  it.  The  Hoey  &  Sliter  mine,  in  Old  Woman's  gulch, 
is  in  full  blast  again,  having  been  bonded  to  a  San  Fran- 
cisco company.  Various  improvements  have  been  made 
about  the  mine,  and  the  work  of  taking  out  gravel  has 
Commenced.  Moser  &  Co.,  proprietors  of  the  Bonanza 
hydraulic,  are  washing  a  vast  deal  of  gravel.  They  are 
"wearing'  out"  Tunnel  ridge  with  rapidity.  No  clean-up 
has  been  made  in  the  Bonanza  this  season,  but  the  gravel 
looks  and  prospects  first-rate.  A  partial  clean-up  is  to  be 
made  next  week, 

ELDORADO 

Kelsev  Mixes.— Cor.  Democrat,  Mar.  22:  The  Gold  De- 
posit mil  start  immediately  and  the  RobiDson  process  for 
rebellious  ores  will  be  thoroughly  tested.  The  Rosecranz 
mine  has  changed  owners,  and  the  work  of  putting  it  in 
running  order  will  commence  in  a  few  days.  The  Estrella 
will  probably  start  in  a  short  time. 

INYO 

Mining  Notes.— Independent,  Mar.  22:  The  Golden 
Star,  owned  by  Cartier  &  Co.,  has  a  shaft  65  ft  deep. 
The  vein  is  an  unbroken  one  of  fine,  gold-bearing  quartz, 
with  well-defined,  good  walls,  and  20  inches  wide  at  the 
bottom.  The  ore  assays  from  §50  up  to  §5,000  per  ton. 
Samples  taken  from  the  bottom  show  lumps  of  fine  gold 
weighing  from  two  to  five  grains  each.  The  Eureka,  a  30- 
ft  shaft,  shows  a  permanent  ledge,  carryiug  plenty  of  fine, 
free  gold.  Messrs.  Wooisey  &  Phillips  have  some  splendid 
prospects  for  valuable  silver  and  lead  mines,  amongwbich 
are  the  Wooisey  ledge,  the  Burlington,  Moscow,  Chalfant, 
and  others.  One  carefully  selected  sample  from  the  Bur- 
lington gave  the  extraordinary  assay  of  1,920.91  ounces 
of  silver,  valued  at  §2,488.54.  Others  assay  from  §00  to 
$200  per  ton  in  silver,  and  average  60^  of  lead.  The  Man- 
hattan, owned  by  A.  W.  Eibeshutz,  has  been  opened  so 
far  by  a  shaft  67  ft  in  depth.  Two  samples  of  the  ore  as- 
say as  follows:  First,  silver,  §110.23  per  ton,  64%  of  lead; 
second,  silver,  §197.20,  and  55%  lead.  Since  the  1st  inst. 
the  Uniou  Con.  furnace  at  Cerro  Gordo  has  been  running 
steadily,  putting  through  20  tons  of  ore  per  day,  the  larg- 
est possible  proportion  of  which  is  silver  or  San  Felipe 
ore.  The  new  works  are  yielding  about  nine  tons  per  day 
of  lead  ore,  and  as  the  furnace  started  up  with  300  tons  011 
hand  there  is  no  reason  why  the  run  should  not  be  con- 
tinuous. One  of  the  Hanger  locations  is  a  solid  16-inch 
vein  of  splendid  gray  carbonate  metal  paying  well  for 
shipment  to  and  reduction  in  San  Francisco.  At  depths 
of  100  ft  the  Beveridge  District  mines  (across  the  summit) 
of  Messrs.  Porter,  Hughes  &  Co.,  show  gold  ledges  of  in- 
creased strength  and  richness.  The  30-stamp  Brown 
Monster  mill  is  running,  steadily  on  the  low-grade  gold 
and  silver  ores  of  the  mine.  Messrs.  McKniglm  &  Tully, 
of  Virginia  City,  making  their  headquarters  at  the  Shep- 
herd place,  have  been  for  some  time  working  mines  di- 
rectly opposite  George's  creek,  with  fine  bodies  of  mineral, 
and  important  operations  in  the  near  future  are  indicated. 

MARIPOSA. 

Coultervile  Minks. — Cor.  Gazette,  Mar.  22:  The  Mar- 
tin &  Nallin  mine  is  not  working  at  present,  for  the  rea- 
son there  is  some  500  tons  of  high-grade  quartz  on  the 
dump  and  no  mill  to  work  it.  A  new  steam  mill  will  be 
built  close  to  the  mine  this  coming  summer,  thus  saving 
the  expense  of  packing  the  ore  some  two  miles  on  mules 
to  get  it  to  the  Hasloe  mill.  Mr.  James  Shimer  has 
bonded  the  Bondurant  to  Mr.  Bacon  and  others,  of  San 
Francisco.  They  intend  to  commence  puttingup  hoisting 
and  pumping  machinery  immediately,  and  then  sink  a 
working  shaft  to  a  considerable  depth,  run  levels  and  put 
the  mine  in  shape  for  working  systematically.  The  ore 
carries  a  large  percentage  of  sulphurets  of  galena  and 
iron  that  has  assayed  as  high  as  §4,000  per  ton.  The 
Eureka  and  Merced  mines  are  turning  out  snlendid  ore; 
running  the  water-power  arastra  on  ore  from  the  former 
mine,  which  is  paying  §100  per  ton.  The  ore  is  heavily 
charged  with  sulphurets  of  galena,  zincblende,  iron  and  a 
small  percentage  of  tellurides  of  tellurium.  A  short  time 
ago  a  crushing  of  a  few  tons  from  the  Merced  paid  §18  per 
ton.  The  ore  is  decomposed,  and  as  the  vein  matter  is 
from  one  to  two  ft  in  width,  it  is  very  easily  mined  and 
arastraed.  Both  mines  are  worked  by  tunnels,  and  can  be 
to  a  deDth  of  1,000  ft 'or  more.  '  The  General  Ord  mine  is 
owned  by  Longhurst,  May,  and  Allen.  They  are  running 
a  tunnel  on  the  vein,  which  is  in  about  00  ft.  At  this 
point  the  vein  is  two  ft  in  width,  showing  plenty  of  freed 
gold  and  a  large  percentage  of  sulphurets  of  galena,  zinc- 
blende,  and  iron.  They  have  a  good  water  power  right  at 
the  mouth  of  their  tunnel,  and  contemplate  building  a 
five-stamp  mill  this  coming  summer.  The  Compromise 
mine,  owned  by  Mr.  A.  G.  Black,  is  not  working  at  pres- 
ent, for  the  reason  that  there  is  a  large  amount  of  ore  on 
the  dump  and  no  mill  to  work  it  with.  Deepest  shaft  on 
the  vein,  100  ft;  width  of  vein,  two  to  three  ft;  pay  chute 
fully  400  ft  in  length,  with  dyke  crossings,  one  of  the 
best  indications  there  is  of  a  permanent  and  lasting  mine. 
The  ore  is  of  high  grade,  carrying  a  large  percentage  of 
sulphurets  of  galena  and  iron,  which  is  worth  §900  per 
ton. 


1  the  rich  ore  body  there  developed.  This  will 
serve  the  purpOM  ol  an  air  shaft,  and  at  the  same  time 
will  },.-  OBBo  a-  an  ore  chute  f..r  tSjQDg  «'Ul  the  OW. 

iiLAihiuAi,.     During  the  week  the  shaft  was  sunk  six 

ft;  tots!  depth,  820  ft     The  bottom  of  thesbafl  Is  still 

;n  '..in  rormatlon     A  station  bas  been  cut  out  and  croes- 

cats  have  been  started  both  east  and  west.    The  west 

■  lug  some  quarts  diffused  through 

I  ■  ■■  -  iutb  drift  '.hi  the  Warren  rein  ■ 

.11  ft;  total  length,  28  ft      The  north  drift  is  10 

ft  in  length.    Total  length  ol  drill  on  the  rein  i*;i;  ft.    in 

ol  the  north  drift  tlit*  vein  has.  narrowed  slightly, 

but  in  the  Mouth  it  had  widened.     The  character  Ol  the  ore 

]-  about  the  same,  and  will  average  across  the  vein— four 
ft— 405  per  ton.    The  crosscut  has  advanced  four  ft  during 

(be  week,  making  11  (I  on  the  WOSl  Bide  of  the  Warren 
vein,      It  is  expected  that  the  outlying  ledge    will  be   cut 

at  anj  1 Che  rock   is  still  hard     An  ore  house  and 

blacksmith  shop  is  being  built. 
Brlviosbs     N't  change  t"  notice  in  the  west  crosscut 

A  wlnse  has  boon  started  on  the  (Ireal  Western  vein  at  a 
|.  .ml  in  the  north  drift,  200   level,  40  ft   north   from    the 

11 1  west  crosscut,  where  some  vorj  g 1  ore  was  found 

in  drifting  on  that  vein. 
Btahdard.— The  north  drift  from  the  main  shaft,  u> 

Connect  with  the  incline  in  in  45  ft.     The  ledge  is  two  and 

ahalf  ft  wide,  and  looks  well.  The  south  drift  is  In  270 
ft;  progress  during  the  week,  14  ft.    The  ledge  is  three  it 

wide  ol  good  average  ore.  The  ledge  in  the  Upraise  in  thin 
drift  four  ft  wide,  and  is  looking  very  Well.  The  north 
drift  from  the  east  erosscut.  :{0ii  level,  is  in  127  ft, showing 

a  ledge  18  Inches  wide,  of  g lore.    The  north  drift  on 

tho  west  Standard,  200  ft  from  the  south  line,  which  is 
down  10  ft,  showing  a lodgo  18  inches  wide,  of  very  rich 
one  iii.  drift  on  tlie  Cook  ledge  la  In  200  ft  from  the 
south  lino.  The  ledge  is  two  ft  wide,  of  good  average  ore. 
The  Stapes  are  all  looking  well. 

BBCirrst,.— On  the  400  level,  about  300  ft  south  of  the 

shaft,  a  body  of  rieb  on-  was  drifted  on,  and  the  mine-  was 
thrown  open  to  the  public.  The  vein  is  as  strong  as  any 
ever  discovered  in  the  district,  and  from  present  appear- 
ances it  bids  fair  to  continue  to  the  south  end  of  the 
Uechtel  line,  about  500  ft  south  of  the  end  of  the  present 
drift.  Ore  is  now  being  hauled  to  the  Syndicate  mill  from 
thiB  mine,  and  crushing  will  commence  about  March  25th. 
Stopiug  has  been  commenced  and  the  drift  will  be  pushed 
ahead  with  all  possible  dispatch.  The  Sitting  Bull  ledge 
is  also  looking  very  fine,  and  much  ore  of  a  high  grade  is 
exposed  for  sloping. 

Tioga. — The  work  of  excavating  a  station  at  the  depth 
of  520  ft  in  the  shaft  is  now  in  progress.  Crosscuts  both 
east  and  west  will  at  once  be  started;  also  a  lateral  drift 
to  be  extended  the  full  length  of  the  mine.  On  the  420 
level  the  east  crosscut  is  now  in  135  ft,  with  no  important 
change  to  note.  On  the  320  level,  north  drift  from  the 
east  crosscut  is  in  60  ft.  The  ledge  is  two  ft  wide,  of  good 
milling  ore,  This  drift  looks  very  promising.  The  west 
crosscut,  same  level,  is  in  245  ft. 

Red  Cloud  Con.—  The  west  crosscut,  400  level,  is  in  a 
distance  of  148  ft  from  the  Bhaft,  The  formation  at 
present  indicates  that  the  ledge  will  be  fouud  pitching 
west.  The  south  drift  on  the  Red  Cloud  ledge,  same  level, 
is  in  37  ft.  The  ledge  is  30  inches  wide.  On  the  250  level 
a  south  drift  has  been  started  on  the  ledge  cut  in  the  west 
crosscut  from  the  south  drift  on  the  Red  Cloud  vein.  The 
ledge  is  18  inches  wide,  and  prospects  about  §10  per 
ton,  in  gold. 

Bolweel— The  south  drift,  380  level,  is  now  in  from  the 
winze  110  ft.  The  ledge  is  two  and  a  half  ft  wide,  of  good 
ore.  The  west  crosscut  from  this  drift  is  in  68  ft,  and  on 
the  15th  inst.  a  very  fine  ledge  was  passed  through,  three 
ft  wide.  The  ledge  in  the  Stonewall  stopes  is  looking 
well.  The  ore  at  the  Bodie  mill  is  turning  out  very  well. 
Bar  Mo.  2  has  been  shipped,  valued  at  §16,500.08,  arid  600 
ounces  of  bullion  was  carried  over  to  the  next  melting. 


MONTEREY- 

Ciiualar  Canyon  Mines.— Salinas  Index,  Mar.  20:  Mr. 
T.  S.  Baldwin  is  working  and  developing  amine  in  Chuala 
canyon.  The  lode  runs  nearly  north  and  south,  dips  to 
the  west,  is  20  ft  wide  between  the  casings  and  has  been 
traced  for  over  two  miles.  The  lode  is  now  faced  up  the 
whole  width  to  a  perpendicular  hight  of  40  ft.  A  sample 
of  the  ore  sent  to  San  Francisco  for  assay,  showed  22J% 
copper,  S30  in  silver  to  the  ton,  and  $12  in  gold.  The 
copper  is  distributed  throughout  the  entire  width  of  the 
lode,  and  the  gold  and  silyer  are  found  close  to  the  cas- 
ings, which  are  said  to  be  largely  composed  of  iron. 

Coal  Mines.— San  Jose  Mercury,  Mar.  21:  At  present 
the  company  have  one  large  bunker  capable  of  holding 
200  tons  of  coal,  and  the  coal  is  loaded  into  vessels  by 
means  of  a  chute.  The  main  tunnel  is  in  700  ft  with  two 
different  branches  leading  off,  both  of  which  contain  rich 
deposits  of  coal,  and  the  work  of  taking  out  the  coal  is  be- 
ing pushed  forward  as  fast  as  space  will  allow.  All  around 
on  every  hand  can  be  seen  coal,  and  there  are  as  many  as 
a  dozen  chutes,  all  of  which  had  men  at  work  sending  the 
coal  down  into  the  cars,  which  are  run  out  and  emptied 
into  the  bunkers.  The  seam  of  coal  varies  from  five  to 
nine  ft  and  is  of  good  quality,  comparing  very  favorably 
with  the  Wellington,  and  readily  finds  sale  in  the  San 
Francisco  market  at  $10  to  $12  per  ton,  while  the  screen- 
ings are  sold  from  $3.50  to  $5. 

NEVADA. 

Mining  Notes.—  Foothill  Tiding/*,  Mar.  22:  The  new 
mill  of  the  Scadden  Flat  company  is  expected  to  be  in 
readiness  to  commence  dropping  its  stamps  about  the  1st 
of  April.  The  tunnel  of  the  Planet  mine  is  in  over  1,050 
ft.  A  clean-up  of  IS  loads  of  rock  has.  just  been  made  at 
the  Omaha  mill,  of  ore  from  the  New  York  Hill  mine, 
which  yielded  S100  per  load.  Improvement  is  noted  in 
size  of  ledge,  quality  of  rock  and  general  appearance. 
Extensive  improvements  are  going  on  at  the  Spenceville 
copper  mine.  The  Empire  mine  is  reported  aa  about  to 
shut  down.  Within  the  last  few  months  it  has  run  sev- 
eral hundred  dollars  behind.  A  number  of  the  miners 
have  been  discharged  and  the  pumps  taken  up  to  No.  Six. 
New  Rocky  Bar  is  about  putting  in  a  larger  pump.  Water 
has  prevented  much  headway  of  late,  but  the  mine  looks 
well. 

Watt  Blue  Gravel  Mine. — Transcript]  Mar.  22:  The 
west  drift  is  in  103  ft.  The  bedrock  is  granite  and  is  rais- 
ing very  fast  as  they  advance  west.  The  bedrock  has 
raised  12  ft  in  the  whole  distance.  Everything  is  running 
as  usual. 

The  Pittsburo.— There  is  no  material  change  in  the 
mine.  The  600  north  drift  hits  been  run  a  distance  of  ten 
ft,  The  lode  in  the  latter  drift  presents  well  and  is  yield- 
ing good  ore.  The  800  north  drift  has  been  run  six  ft; 
this  drift  is  also  yielding  good  ore.  All  the  stopes  are  pro 
ducing  well.  The  mill  is  running  up  to  its  capacity  on 
company  ore.     All  the  machinery  is  doing  finely. 


Emigration  continues  to  pour  through  Bur- 
lington, Iowa,  westward  bound.  These  em- 
igrants are  mostly  American  farmers  who 
expect  to  settle  on  new  lauds  of  Kansas, 
Nebraska  and  southern  Colorado. 


MONO- 

Dudley.— Standard,  Mar.  24:  The  main  west  crosscut, 
300  level,  is  in  257  ft.  No  particular  change  in  ground 
since  last  report,  The  north  drift  is  in  124  ft,  and  the 
south  drift  85  ft.  There  has]  been  a  great  improvement 
in  the  vein  in  both  of  these  drifts.  An  upraise  is  about 
to  be  started  to  connect  the  300  level  with  the  old  work- 


NEVADA. 
WASHOE  DISTRICT. 

Con.  Virginia.— Gold  Hill  News,  Mar.  26:  The  joint 
California  winze  from  the  1950  level  is  down  00  ft,  and 
averaging  two  ft  per  day  through  hard  rock.  A  station  is 
being  cut  out  in  the  joint  north  drift  from  the  west  drift, 
2150  level,  for  the  purpose  of  starting  an  upraise  to  meet 
this  winze. 

Sierra  Nevada.— The  drift  on  the  2200  level  connecting 
the  east  shaft  and  the  incline,  is  now  being  graded  and 
thoroughly  timbered  for  a  thoroughfare  between  the  two 
points.  The  main  incline  is  making  usual  progress 
through  hard,  brittle  cap-rock  nearly  all  of  which  is 
quartz,  giving  low  assays.  There  bos  been  a  slight  in- 
crease of  water  in  the  incline  during  the  week;  but  not 
enough  flows  in  to  interfere  materially  with  sinking.  The 
bottom  of  the  incline  is  to-day  92  ft  below  the  2300  level. 

Julia  Cox.— The  pumps  are  being  worked  carefully  and 
are  lowering  the  water  slowly.  The  donkey  pump  at 
present  is  forcing  the  water  through  two  miles  of  three- 
inch  pipe  besides  raising  it,  as  the  pipe  is  not  sufficient  in 
size  to  convey  off  the  water  raised.  The  pipe  being  placed 
in  the  tunnel  is  six -inch.  Through  this  the  water  will  be 
forced  by  a  pressure  from  the  top  of  the  tank  of  20  ft,  the 
pipe  leading  to  the  same  being  eight-inch. 

California.— The  C.  &  C.  shaft  is  now  172  ft  below  the 
2150  station,   in  hard  blasting  rock.     The  flow  of  water 


into  the  shaft  from  points  above  continues  strong.  Vhe 
Joint  winze  is  making  two  ft  per  day  through  bard  rock, 
and  is  down  DO  it.  The  usual  repairs  are  being  made  to 
the  joint  drift,  1060  level,  leading  to  the  C.  &  C.  shaft  and 
to  the  Consolidated  slmft  below  the  1400  level. 

1  HON    Los— Tin.-  Joint  Mexican  winze  from  the  1600 

level  is  adding   three   ft  per  day  to  its  depth,  and  passing 

h  bard  blasting  porphyry.     It  is  now  down  308  ft. 

The  arifl  oonnectlng  with  the  Sierra  Nevada  on  the  1465 
level  IB  *till  being  repaired.  The  ventilation  has  been 
greatly  increased  by  the  connection  between  the  Sierra 
Nevada  and  North  Con.  Virginia. 

Bbuhkel  -On  the  2060  level  the  south  drift  is  making 
live  ft  per  day  along  the  ore  vein,  and  is  in  $18  ft. 
Fresh  air  has  been  conducted  to  the  bottom  of  the  iuellne 
by  placing  lining;  In  so  that  the  fresh  air  goes  down  on  one 
Bide  and  the  heated  air  up  the  other.  Tho  bottom  of  the 
Incline  is  170  it  below  the  25uo  station. 

North  Bonanza  and  Flowery.-  The  joint  shaft  is  being 
sunk  and  timbered  at  the  rate  of  30  ft  per  week.  It  6 
following  the  east  wall  on  down  and  is  without  increase  of 
water.  The  pits  for  the  new  machinery  have  been  com- 
pleted, the  anchorage  put  in,  the  anchor  bolts  placed  and 
11  couple  of  feet  of  foundation  laid. 

afSXIOAH.  The  joint  Ophir  upraise  from  the  2100  level 
is  making  two  ft  per  day,  and  is  now  up  40  ft.  The  Joint 
winze  is  now  :t08  ft  and  continues  in  hard  blasting  por- 
phyry.    It  is  averaging  three  ft  per  day. 

oi'hir.—  Tho  joint  Mexican  upraise  from  the  2100  level 
to  eoniieet  with  the  200O  level  is  now  up  40  ft  and  averag- 
inu  two  It  per  day.  The  main  iuclince  is  now  140  ft,  On 
tho  slope,  below  the  2200  level,  and  is  cutting  birdseye 
porphyry  containing  stringers  of  quartz. 

Jubtiob  The  crosscuts  weal  on  the  1300  level  continue 
to  cut  favorable  looking  vein  matter  carrying  spots  and 
seams  of  rich  ore.  The  surface  workings  in  the  old  Waller 
Defeat  ground  continue  their  yield. 

North  Cos.  Virginia. — The"  hot  air  coming  from  the 
Sierra  Nevada  up  tho  shaft  sometimes  overcomes  the  men 
and  makes  the  work  slow,  still  it  is  making  live  ft  per  day. 
Tho  new  engine  is  ready  to  start  as  soon  as  the  cables 
arrive. 

Exchequer.— The  north  drift,  2400  level,  is  making  four 
ft  per  day  through  soft  vein  porphyry,  carrying  streaks  of 
quartz,  and  requiring  to  be  closely  timbered.  Increased 
ventilation  has  been  secured  in  this  drift  by  putting 
larger  air  pipes  in. 

Gould  &  Currv.— Three  shifts  of  nine  men  each  are  at 
work  retimbering  and  repairing  the  old  drain  tunnel 
which  was  found  to  be  very  badly  caved.  The  joint  east 
drift  on  the  1700  level  is  averaging  five  ft  per  day  through 
good  working  rock.  At  the  Osbiston  shaftthe  cutting  out 
of  a  tank  pit  at  the  400  level  is  completed. 

Hale  (e,  Norcross.— The  en  the  force  employed  is  en- 
gaged in  timbering  and  bracing  the  timbers  in  the  2000 
east  drift  connecting  with  the  Chollar-Norcross-Savage 
shaft,  preparatory  to  allowing  the  water  to  raise  and  flow 
through  this  drift.  The  timbers  in  the  incline  have  been 
strengthened  and  braced  from  the  1900  to  the  2000  level, 
and  the  pump-rod  stayed. 

Ward. — The  new  engine  is  running  to  perfection.  The 
shaft  bas  been  cleaned  to  the  water's  edge,  and  is  being 
emptied  out.  On  the  800  level  the  station  is  being  en- 
larged to  take  in  the  south  compartment  of  the  Bhaft. 

Lady  Bryan.— The  shaft  below  the  600  station  is  mak- 
ing good  progress  in  bird's-eye  porphyry.  The  west  cross- 
cut from  the  north  drift  has  entered  the  quartz  formation 
and  is  showing  some  very  good  rock.  The  east  crosscut  is 
in  porphyry  carrying  large  quantities  of  iron  and  stringers 
of  quartz. 

Chollar-Comhination  Shaft. — The  house  for  the  air 
compressor  is  finished  and  the  boilers  are  set.  The  pumps 
are  discharging  over  100,000  gallons  per  day  into  the 
Sutro  tunnel,  holding  the  water  below  the  2200  station. 

Utah.— Sinking  the  main  incline  was  resumed  Satur- 
day evening,  and  it  has  now  attained  a  depth  of  350  ft  on 
the  slope  below  the  1350  station.     The  ground  is  good. 

Overman.— The  north  lateral  drift,  1600  level,  is  skirt- 
ing the  vein  at  the  rate  of  six  ft  per  day.  Very  hard  rock 
and  considerable  water  are  encountered  in  the  winze  be- 
low this  level. 

Caledonia.— The  east  drift  on  the  1600  level  is  cutting 
very  hard  rock,  rendering  progress  slow.  The  O  &  C 
shaft  is  averaging  a  set  of  timbers  per  day;  total  depth, 
530  ft. 

Yellow  Jacket.— Sinking  below  the  2230  level  has  been 
resumed  and  ib  now  down  45  ft.  The  new  compressor  is 
in  operation  and  works  well. 

Con.  Imperial.— The  drift  north  from  the  winze  on  the 
2600  level  is  showing  some  most  promising  looking  quartz, 
although  skirting  the  vein. 

Best  &  Belcher.— The  joint  east  drift  on  the  Curry 
line  is  in  667  ft  from  the  lateral  drift,  and  is  making  good 
progress  in  hard,  dry  rock.     East   crosscut  No.    1,  1900  . 
level,  is  averaging  five  ft  per  day  in  hard,  blasting  por- 
phyry. 

alta.— The  north  drift,  1550  level,  is  still  following  the 
ledge  in  Benton  ground  and  is  making  good  progress. 
The  joint  winze  below  this  level  is  being  continued  on 
down  toward  the  1750  level,  where  crosscuts  are  to  be  run 
at  the  same  time  that  the  vein,  laid  bare  on  the  levels 
above,  is  opened  up. 

Lrviathan.— The  new  cables  for  the  vertical  shaft  hav- 
ing been  received  from  San  Francisco  and  put  in  running 
position,  work  is  actively  resumed  in  full  at  the  750  level. 
Both  lateral  drifts  north  and  south  are  being  pushed 
ahead  actively,  with  excellent  ore  prospects  in  the  face  of 
both. 

Savage.— General  repairs  are  being  made  to  the  incline, 
but  above  the  water  level.  The  pumps  hold  the  water  be- 
low the  2000  level.  Everything  about  the  mine  is  ready 
for  shutting  down  the  pumps. 

Crown  Point.— The  north  drift,  2500  level,  is  being  con- 
tinued along  the  edge  of  the  vein  preparatory  to  running 
crosscuts  to  open  up  the  formation.  The  usual  work  is 
being  done  in  repairs. 

Solid  Silver.—  Clearing  out  and  retimbermg  the  north 
end  of  the  main  tunnel  or  adit  beyond  the  caved  ground 
continues  making  good  progress. 

EUREKA  DISTRICT 

The  Eureka  Con.  —  Sentinel,  Mar.  24:  Work  has  con- 
tinued at  the  mine,  and  good  progress  made  in  the  exten- 
sion of  drifts,  etc.,  there  haviug  been  239  ft  completed  du- 
ring the  week.  The  ore  bodies  in  the  several  levels  are 
looking  well  and  holding  out  well.  The  furnaces  are  run- 
ning first-rate,  having  turned  out  342  tons  of  bullion  in 
the  last  seven  days.  The  following  work  has  been  done: 
Fifth  level— East  drift  from  cave  continued  50  ft,  and  is 
now  in  278  ft;  raise  made,  14  ft,  and  is  now  up  60  ft. 
Seventh  level— East  drift  from  chute  continued  17  ft,  and 
is  now  in  211  ft.  Eleventh  level— West  drift  from  ore 
chamber  made  18  ft,  and  is  now  in  138  ft.  Twelfth  level- 
East  drift  continued  33  ft,  and  ia  now  in  459  ft;  south 
drift,  east  raise,  continued  27  ft,  and  is  now  in  87  ft;  south 
drift  from  west  raise  continued  30  ft,  and  is  now  in  36  ft. 
Thirteenth  level— West  drift  continued  30  ft,  and  is  now 

in  99  ft. 

The  Hamburg.— Intermediate  drift  advanced  IS  ft,  ana 
is  now  within  five  ft  of  connecting  with  the  upraise  from 
the  450  level.  The  vein  followed  by  this  drift  continues 
about  the  same.  East  crosscut,  450  level,  has  reached  the 
shale  hanging  wall.  Six  hundred  level— West  crosscut  ad- 
vanced 12  ft,  a  total  of  191  ft.  South  drift  from  west 
crosscut  advanced  seven  ft,  a  total  of  123  ft.  The  rock 
has  been  very  hard,  but  is  now  much  softer  in  the  face, 
and  works  well.  The  winze  below  the  600  level  has  been 
completed  to  the  700  level. 

WHITE  PINE  DISTRICT. 

Baldt  Sour  Mine.—  Sentinel,  Mar.  21:  New  York 
parties  controlling  the  Boldy  Sour  mine,  of  White  Pine, 
have  telegraphed  to  their  Superintendent  to  let  contracts 
for  a  long  drift  from  the  100  level  of  the  Dawson  mine. 
The  interest  being  taken  in  White  Pine  mining  property 
by  Eastern  capitalists  argues  well  for  an  early  resumption 
^r  nn+.ion  wnrlr  on    sp.voral    mines    of    undoubted    value 


of  active  work  on    several    mines    of   undoubted 
situated  on  Treasure  hill.     A  contract  has  already  been  let 
for  drifting  north  from  the  same  level  in  the  same  mine. 

[Continued  on  page  204.] 


198 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[March  29,  1879. 


Sanitary  Influences  of  Trees. 

[The  following  paper  wag  read  before  the  California  Acad- 
emy of  Sciences,  March  17th,  1879,  by  Hon.  B.  B.  Red- 
ding.] 

This  subject  has  received  but  little  considera- 
tion until  within  the  past  few  years.  It  was 
rather  from  observation  than  as  the  result  of 
direct  experiment  that  it  was  ascertained  that 
trees  do  exercise  a  marked  influence  upon  the 
health  of  persons  living  in  miasmatic  districts. 
When  this  was  noted,  it  seemed  desirable,  first, 
to  learn  wherein  air  impregnated  with  miasma 
differed  from  the  air  over  deserts  that  does  not 
contain  miasma;  and  secondly,  to  learn  of  what 
miasma  consists.  It  must  be  confessed  that  the 
thousands  of  carefully  conducted  experiments 
by  the  ablest  men,  while  they  have  resulted  in 
adding  vastly  to  the  store  of  knowledge  on  cog- 
nate subjects,  yet  they  have  not  satisfactorily 
answered  these  questions.  De  Saussure  experi- 
mented on  the  quantity  of  carbonic  acid  in  the 
air  at  Geneva  ;  Verver,  in  Holland ;  Boussin- 
gault,  in  Paris;  Roscoe,  in  Manchester;  Schulze, 
at  Rostock ;  and  Von  Pettenkofer  and  Wolff- 
hugel,  in  Munich.  Dr.  Von  Pettenkofer  states 
that  the  variations  in  the  result  of  these  experi- 
ments, very  small  from  the  first,  are  found  to 
be  still  smaller  as  the  methods  of  determining 
carbonic  acid  have  been  perfected.  It  is  the 
same  as  regards  the  oxygen  in  the  atmosphere. 
Dr.  Von  Pettenkofer  caused  air  to  be  brought 
in  hermetically  sealed  tubes  from  the  desert  of 
Sahara  for  the  purposes  of  analysis,  and  adds, 
as  the  result  of  all  his  experiments,  that  the 
amount  of  oxygen  and  carbonic  acid  does  not 
differ  in  air  taken  from  the  summit  of  Mt. 
Blanc,  from  deserts,  from  the  swamps  of  Bengal, 
from  cities,  from  forests,  and  from  over  the 
ocean.  Dr.  Mitchell  says  no  analysis  of  malari- 
ous atmosphere  has  revealed  any  defect  of  its 
elements,  or  of  its  imponderable  constituents. 
Yet  there  is  something  generated  in  swamps 
and  marshy  land,  in  warm  climates,  that  mingles 
with  the  air,  which,  when  breathed  or  absorbed 
by  man  and  some  other  animals,  is  the  cause  of 
disease.  This  something  is  called  miasma. 
What  is  Miasma? 

Chemical  analysis  has  been  unable,  as  yet,  to 
tell  what  it  is.  It  does  not  even  yield  a  hint  as 
to  whether  it  is  animal,  vegetable,  or  gaseous. 
The  late  Dr.  John  K.  Mitchell,  of  Philadelphia, 
in  a  treatise  on  malarious  fevers,  gives  the  fol- 
lowing various  theories  that  have  been  held  and 
advocated  by  physicians  as  to  the  nature  of 
miasma.  First,  that  it  is  a  poison  due  to  the 
decomposition  of  vegetable  remains  in  low,  wet 
places.  Second,  that  the  mephitic  vapors  of 
marshes  only  enfeeble  health,  and  thus  enable 
the  obvious  changes  of  heat  and  moisture  to 
excite  disease.  Third,  that  all  cases  of  period- 
ical disease  are  due  to  sensible  changes,  and  that 
the  proximity  of  a  marsh  is  only  efficient  as 
presenting  an  evaporating  surface,  by  which  the 
air  is  made  colder  and  damper.  Fourth,  that 
the  morbid  phenomena  is  due  to  the  modifica- 
tion of  the  sensible  and  appreciable  condition  of 
the  atmosphere.  Fifth,  lessened  elasticity  of 
the  atmosphere.  Sixth,  particular  gases  gener- 
ated by  decaying  vegetation.  Seventh,  the  ac- 
tion of  water  on  living  vegetation  ;  and  eighth, 
the  theory  advocated  by  Dr.  Mitchell,  and  held 
by  that  large  class  of  eminent  physicians  who 
hold  the  proofs  to  be  conclusive  in  favor  of  the 
germ  theory  as  the  cause  of  many  diseases. 
They  believe  miasma  to  consist  of  the  spores  of 
a  minute  fungoid  growth,  which  finds  its  home 
on  moist  decaying  vegetation,  and  that  these 
spores,  when  breathed  and  taken  into  the  human 
system,  are  capable  of  subsequent  multiplica- 
tion, to  the  obstruction  of  the  vital  functions. 
Dr.  J.  H.  Salisbury,  of  Cleveland,  Ohio,  thinks 
he  has  discovered  this  microscopic  fungus,  which, 
he  says,  is  one  or  more  of  the  palmalls.  He 
has  made  a  record  of  instances  where  he  caused 
earth,  in  which  this  microscopic  plant  was  ripen- 
ing, to  be  taken  in  boxes  and  placed  in  the  win- 
dows of  the  sleeping  rooms  of  persons  residing 
in  a  non-malarious  district.  The  air  entering 
the  chamber  was  caused  to  pass  over  this  earth. 
In  from  10  to  15  days,  the  occupants  of  the 
chamber  were  attacked  with  ague.  Similar 
experiments,  with  like  results,  have  been  re- 
peated in  Germany.  The  advocates  of  the 
theory  that  miasma  is  due  to  the  decomposition 
of  vegetable  remains—notably  Dr.  H.  W.  Hark- 
ness — urge  in  reply  to  Dr.  Salisbury's  experi- 
ments, that  no  means  was  found  to  separate  the 
spores  of  the  palmella  from  the  gases  and  emana- 
tions of  the  earth  in  which  the  plants  grew. 
Dr.  Harknoss  also  urges,  in  a  paper  on  the  sub- 
ject, that  the  palmelfce  grow  abundantly  in 
regions  where  malaria  is  not  known,  where  the 
temperature  is  so  low  that  malaria  cannot  exist, 
that  they  have  been  found  growing  at  an  eleva- 
tion of  15,000  feet  in  the  ice-cold  water  that 
trickles  from  the  glaciers  of  the  Himalaya,  as 
well  as  among  the  icebergs  of  Greenland. 

The  advocates  of  the  germ  theory  urge,  that 
the  failure  of  the  chemist  to  detect  miasma  by 
his  tests,  delicate  as  they  are,  is  to  be  ascribed 
to  the  fact  that  it  is  organic  and  composed  of 
fewelements,  which  elements  are,  in  a  great  part, 
those  of  the  atmosphere  itself,  and  that  they  pro- 
duce no  distinctive  reactions  under  the  ordinary 
processes  of  analysis. 

If  we  avoid  the  discussion  of  these  theories 
and  leave  the  chemist  confessing  that,  as  yet,  he 
cannot  tell  what  miasma  is,  but  ask  what  facts 
have  been  noted  and  recorded  in  relation  to'  it, 
we  obtain  the  results  of  a  vast  amount  of  ob- 


servations as  to  how  it  originates,  as  to  the  con- 
ditions necessary  for  its  generation,  as  to  how 
it  is  transported  and  disseminated,  and  as  to  itB 
effects  on  the  human  system,  and  how  these  are 
counteracted.  These  last  I  do  not  dare  to  discuss, 
but  I  will  try  and  condense  such  other  facts  as 
have  been  observed,  and  to  the  correctness  of 
which  there  appears  to  be  universal  agreement. 

Origin  and  Dissemination  of  Miasma- 

Rich,  moist,  prolific  land,  with  decaying  veg- 
etation, in  a  climate  like" that  of  portions  of  the 
interior  of  California,  will  produce  miasma;  and 
the  more  favorable  the  conditions  for  vigorous 
and  abundant  growth  and  consequent  abun- 
dance of  vegetation  to  decay,  the  larger  the 
amount  of  miasma  generated  or  given  off.  Such 
lands  will  always  be  sought  because  profitable 
for  cultivation,  notwithstanding  the  penalty  at- 
tached to  residing  upon  them.  This  penalty 
may  be  mitigated  or  perhaps  avoided  by  a 
knowledge  of  what  has  been  observed  of  the 
laws  governing  this  cause  of  disease.  If  a  con- 
densed statement  of  these  observations — for  all 
of  which  I  am  indebted  to  the  records  of  many 
scientific  and  medical  observers — will  be  of  ser- 
vice in  showing  farmers  and  others  living  in 
malarious  regions,  where  they  should  build 
their  homes  and  how  best  to  avoid  the  influence 
of  this  mysterious  scourge,  my  purpose  in  writ- 
ing this  paper  will  have  been  accomplished. 

For  the  generation  of  miasma  there  are  re- 
quired heat,  moisture,  and  decaying  or  decayed 
vegetation.  The  absence  of  either  prevents  its 
development.  The  heat  necessary  for  its  for- 
mation must  be  above  60°  Fah.,  as  it  does  not 
prevail  in  regions  where  the  daily  average  tem- 
perature is  below  60°.  It  therefore  does  not 
prevail,  as  a  cause  of  disease,  in  high  latitudes 
or  on  elevated  mountains.  Heat  alone  will  not 
produce  it,  as  it  is  not  known  in  hot  sandy  des- 
erts. The  most  favorable  situations  for  its  pro- 
duction are  a  daily  average  temperature  of  over 
60°  and  a  moist  alluvial  soil  rich  in  humus, 
lying  on  a  clay  subsoil.  In  this  temperature  it 
is  largely  generated  where  the  bottom  of  a  slug- 
gish stream,  or  the  bottom  of  a  pond  or  reservoir 
is  exposed  to  the  hot  sun.  It  does  not  appear 
to  be  generated  on  land  that  is  clean,  dry  and 
well  drained.  Continuous  cultivation  of  the 
soil,  it  is  thought,  prevents  its  formation.  The 
drainage  of  low  marshy  ground  slowly  expels  it, 
but  the  drying  up  of  an  inundation  usually  re- 
produces it  where  it  had  previously  existed. 
At  an  unascertained  temperature  below  60°  it 
is  heavier  than  the  ordinary  air  at  the  same 
temperature;  at  an  unascertained  temperature 
above  60°  it  is  lighter  than  the  air  at  the  same 
temperature.  In  other  words,  it  is  condensed 
by  cold,  made  heavier  and  falls  to  the  ground, 
and  it  is  rarefied  by  heat  and  ascends.  Free 
rapid  ventilation  appears  to  dissipate  it,  while 
it  is  concentrated  in  stagnant  air.  It  is  more 
pernicious  at  night  than  during  the  day,  be- 
cause concentrated  by  the  cooler  temperature, 
and  for  the  same  reason  more  pernicious  near 
the  ground  than  at  higher  elevations.  The 
upper  stories  of  houses  are  more  exempt  from 
it  than  those  near  the  ground.  At  night  being 
heavier  than  the  air  it  clings  to  the  earth  and 
is  moved  by  the  wind,  rolling  along  the  surface 
like  a  low  fog.  In  this  way  it  ascends  a  slightly 
sloping  surface,  but  is  banked  up  againBt  a  hill, 
levee  or  more  abrupt  obstruction.  For  this 
reason  persons  living  on  the  windward  side  of 
a  levee,  a  grove  of  trees  or  a  hill,  are  more  sub- 
ject to  its  influence  than  those  living  on  the 
opposite  side.  Prof.  John  W.  Foster,  in  his 
work  on  the  Mississippi  Valley,  states  that  the 
early  settlers  of  Illinois  when  first  subduing  the 
prairie  to  cultivation  found  it  necessary  to  build 
their  cabins  on  the  windward  side  of  the  land 
to  be  cultivated. 

Empedocles,  400  years  before  our  era,  found 
it  possible  to  destroy  or  impede  the  action  of  ma- 
laria, in  one  instance  by  draining  a  swamp,  and 
in  another  by  building  a  high  wall  to  protect  an 
exposed  town.  It  has  been  observed  where  our 
mining  reservoirs  have  been  emptied  in  summer 
and  the  deposit  remaining  has  been  exposed  to 
a  hot  sun,  that  the  people  living  on  the  eastern 
side  of  these  reservoirs  were  more  affected  by 
it  than  those  living  on  the  opposite  side,  our 
prevailing  winds  in  summer  being  from  the  west. 
While  the  reservoirs  are  kept  full  of  water,  or 
while  lands  are  kept  flooded,  miasma  does  not 
appear  to  be  produced.  It  either  does  not 
form  or  the  water  absorbs  it.  It  is  thought  not 
to  be  generated  or  at  least  not  to  rise  through  a 
foot  or  more  of  water.  Dr.  W.  W.  Hall,  of 
New  York,  who  devoted  much  time  to  the  ob- 
serving and  recording  of  facts  connected  with 
vegetable  miasma,  thinks  that  it  is  absorbed  by 
water  and  that  the  wind  will  not  convey  it 
across  a  wide  and  rapid  stream.  This  is  doubted 
by  other  authorities.  It  has,  however,  been 
repeatedly  noted  that  while  it  prevailed  on  a 
shore  producing  much  sickness,  people  in  ves- 
sels anchored  a  mile  from  the  shore  were  not 
attacked.  It  is  probably  absorbed  by  stagnant 
water  where  it  is  generated,  but  does  not  there- 
by lose  its  malignant  qualities  Of  the  numer- 
ous observations  which  appear  to  confirm  this 
view,  I  select  one  recorded  by  Boudin  in  the 
Lancet.  Three  vessels  sailed  from  Algiers  for 
Marseilles  transporting  S00  soldiers,  who  on 
shore  had  all  been  exposed  to  the  same  atmos- 
pheric conditions.  Two  of  the  vessels  had  been 
supplied  with  good  water,  the  third  with  water 
from  a  marsh.  The  two  former  arrived  at 
Marseilles  without  a  sick  man,  the  third  ship^ 
lost  13  men  and  had  120  sick,  98  of  whom  were 
afflicted  with  malaria. 

If  possible,  a  house  should  not  be  built  on 
made  land,  over  a  filling,  on  bottom  land,  on 
land  once  the  bed  of  a  atream,  slough  or  pond 


where  leaves,  grass,  wood  or  other  vegetable 
matter  have  been  deposited  and  decayed.  If 
not  possible  to  avoid  such  situations,  then  the 
house  should  be  on  a  mound  with  free  ventila- 
tion beneath,  and  all  sleeping  rooms  should  be 
in  the  upper  story.  Of  course  water  from  shal- 
low wells  or  stagnant  sloughs  in  such  situations 
should  not  be  used  for  domestic  purposes.  In 
the  neighborhood  of  shallow  ponds  and  sluggish 
or  stagnant  water,  it  has  been  noted  that  ma- 
larious diseases  would  prevail  in  an  ordinary 
season,  while  the  inhabitants  would  escape  in 
both  a  very  wet  and  a  very  dry  season.  This 
appears  to  be  explained  by  what  has  been 
stated.  Iu  the  very  wet  season  the  ground  was 
covered  by  water,  and  the  miasma  was  not  gen- 
erated, or  did  not  rise;  in  the  very  dry  season 
the  moisture  was  not  there,  and  it  cannot  be 
produced  in  dry  earth  While  miasma  is 
given  off  by  decaying  vegetation  it  is  absorbed 
or  arrested  by  growing  vegetation.  No  other 
fact  seems  to  be  so  universally  conceded  as  this. 
Primitive  forests,  when  left  to  the  undisturbed 
operations  of  nature,  preserve  the  balance  be- 
tween growth  and  decay,  and  do  not  largely 
generate  it.  It  does  not  prevail  in  the  bogs  of 
Ireland,  nor  in  the  Dismal  swamp  of  Virginia 
and  North  Carolina,  while  their  surfaces  are 
covered  by  perpetually  growing  mosses  and 
other  vegetation. 

The  Influence  of  Forests. 

In  a  paper  on  the  forest  trees  of  Australia,  by 
Mr.  Bosisto,  read  before  the  Royal  Society  of 
Victoria,  and  published  in  the  official  catalogue 
of  the  Commissioners  to  the  Centennial  exposi- 
tion for  Australia,  he  says  four-fifths  of  the 
vegetation  of  Australia  consists  of  forests  of 
eucalyptus;  and  as  to  the  sanitary  influence  of 
the  forests  of  this  family  of  trees,  he  adds: 
"Australia,  on  the  whole,  may  be  said  to  be 
pretty  free  from  virulent  endemic  or  miasmatic 
fevers,  and  the  latter  may  be  said  to  exist,  only 
as  the  eucalyptus  recedes." 

When  forests  are  cut  down  and  the  balance 
destroyed  between  growth  and  decay,  the  means 
provided  by  nature  for  the  absorption  of  miasma 
are  removed,  and  it  is  left  free  to  poison  the  air. 
As  has  been  well  stated  by  Dr.  Mitchell,  in  his 
essays  on  malarious  fevers,  "the  insalubrity  of 
a  place  has  the  most  constant  relation  to  the 
habits  of  the  living  vegetation."  This  law  can- 
not be  better  illustrated  than  in  the  history  of 
the  Campagna  near  Rome.  At  the  commence- 
ment of  the  Christian  era  it  was  covered  with 
forests  of  trees,  gardens  and  villas.  On  it  were 
erected  the  magnificent  villas  of  the  Emperors 
Domitian  and  Hadrian.  Pliny,  in  writing  of  it 
during  the  reign  of  Vespaciau,  A.  D.  75,  says: 
"Such  is  the  happy  and  beautiful  amenity  of 
the  Campagna  that  it  seems  to  be  the  work  of 
rejoicing  nature.  For  truly  so  it  appears  in  the 
vital  and  perennial  salubrity  of  its  atmosphere, 
in  its  fertile  plains,  sunny  hills,  healthy  woods, 
thick  groves,  rich  varieties  of  trees,  breezy 
mountains,  fertility  in  fruits,  vines  and  olives, 
its  noble  flocks  of  sheep,  abundant  herds  of  cat- 
tle, numerous  lakes  and.  wealth  of  rivers  aud 
streams  pouring  in  upon  it."  The  effect  of  the 
destruction  of  the  trees  in  changing  this  para- 
dise to  a  pestilential  desert  is  observed  by  every 
traveler.  It  is  now  so  terribly  stricken  by 
malaria  that  beyond  the  Church  of  St.  Paul, 
about  two  miles  from  the  walls  of  Rome,  I  could 
not  see  a  human  habitation  to  break  the  utter 
solitude.  The  people  who  cultivate  small  por- 
tions of  it,  go  down  from  the  hills  each  day, 
long  after  the  sun  has  risen,  do  their  work  in 
the  heat  of  the  day,  and  escape  back  to  the  hills 
again  before  the  sun  has  set.  In  describing  the 
Church  of  St.  Paul,  near  the  Three  Fountains  in 
the  Campagna,  Mrs.  Jameson  says:  "In  all 
the  melancholy  vicinity  of  Rome  there  is  not  a 
more  melancholy  spot  than  this.  A  splendid 
monastery,  rich  with  all  the  offerings  of  Chris- 
tendom, once  existed  here.  The  ravages  of 
that  mysterious  scourge  of  the  Campagna,  the 
malaria,  have  rendered  it  a  desert.  Three 
ancient  churches  and  some  ruins  still  exist,  and 
a  few  pale  monks  wander  about  the  dismal  con- 
fines of  the  hollow  in  which  they  stand.  In 
winter  you  approach  them  through  a  quagmire; 
in  summer  you  dare  not  breath  in  their  pesti- 
lential vicinity. " 

The  French  Investigations. 

M.  Becquerel,  member  of  the  French  Insti- 
tute, in  a  paper  on  "Forests  and  their  Climatic 
Influence,  published  in  1S67,  in  giving  the 
effects  of  the  destruction  of  forests  in  different 
parts  of  France,  says:  "La  Brenne,  situated 
between  the  Indre  and  the  Creuse,  presents  a 
circular  surface  of  more  than  125  miles  in  cir- 
cumference, or  nearly  197,680  acres.  The  soil 
is  sandy  loam  resting  on  a  substratum  of  im- 
penetrable clay,  which  resists  the  infiltration  of 
water.  It  is  thickly  covered  with  pools,  to 
which  are  attributed  the  intermittent  fevers 
prevalent  throughout  the  district.  Ten  or 
twelve  centuries  ago  it  was  occupied  by  forests 
interspersed  by  meadows  and  watered  by  run- 
ning streams  and  springs.  Then  there  existed 
neither  pools  nor  swamps,  and  it  was  renowned 
for  the  fertility  of  its  pastures  and  the  amenity 
of  its  climate.  A  like  state  of  things  appear  in 
Sologne,  which  represents  a  surface  of  1,112,- 
000  acres,  and  which  has  become  proverbial  for 
its  insalubrity.  The  deplorable  condition  in 
which  we  see  it  did  not  always  exist.  Histor- 
ical documents  show  that  a  great  part  of  this 
country  was  of  old  dotted  with  woods.  Their 
extirpation  has  been  succeeded  by  the  accumu- 
lation of  stagnant  water,  fevers  and  the  attend- 
ant maladies. " 

In  a  report  to  the  French  government  on  the 
waters  and  forests  of  France,  made  in  1875,  the 
the  author  records  the  fact  that  at  Palo,  a  rail- 


road station  between  Civita  Vecchia  and  Rome, 
a  piece  of  woods  had  stood  between  this  place 
and  a  malarious  district  to  the  south,  and  while 
this  remained  the  place  was  healthy.  This  was 
cut  down  and  presently  the  south  winds  brought 
in  the  fevers  from  the  pestilential  district. 
Manziana,  a  place  that  had  been  almost  wholly 
free  from  malaria,  suffered  in  like  manner  after 
some  shepherds  set  fire  to  an  olive  forest  ad- 
jacent. A  similar  phenomena  was  observed  at 
Sezze.  He  adds:  "At  Supino,  the  arondisse- 
ment  of  Frosiuone,  formerly  passed  for  healthy, 
but  sinue  the  cutting  off  of  a  piece  of  woods,  the 
malaria  soon  became  seated,  and  in  a  little 
time  many  of  the  inhabitants  fell  victims  to  the 
disease. 

Other  Official  Reports. 

A  forest  of«pines  existed  in  the  Campagna  as 
late  as  1580.  It  having  become  the  stronghold 
of  brigands,  it  was  ordered  destroyed  by  Pope 
.Gregory,  XIII.  Lancisi  records  that  after  its 
destruction  the  insalubrity  of  Rome  was  notably 
increased.  The  island  of  Mauritius  was  once 
covered  with  dense  forests,  and  was  noted  for 
its  salubrity.  Since  1851  these  have  been  de- 
stroyed for  their  wood,  and  that  the  land  might 
be  made  profitable  in  the  cultivation  of  sugar 
cane.  The  effect  of  this  destruction  of  trees  is 
given  in  a  letter  of  Mr.  Charles  Meldrum,  the 
director  of  the  observatory  of  Mauritius,  to  Mr. 
F.  B.  Hough,  dated  August  16th,  1877,  and 
published  in  his  report  on  forestry  for  that  year 
Mr.  Meldrum  says:  "Formerly,  when  the  in- 
terior was  densely  wooded,  a  large  portion  of 
the  rain  water  was  retained,  and  filtration  went 
on  gradually,  so  that,  even  in  the  driest  years, 
the  lagoons  received  regular  supplies  of  pure 
water,  but  now  the  greater  part  of  the  rain 
water  is  carried  away  to  the  sea,  and  hence  in 
dry  weather  the  sun's  rays  beat  down  on  slimy, 
fetid  marshes.  During  torrential  rains  also  the 
low  lands  are  flooded,  and  much  stagnant  water 
and  vegetable  debris  are  left  behind.  The  con- 
sequence is,  that  an  island,  at  one  time  noted 
for  its  salubrity,  has  become  a  hot-bed  of  mala- 
ria. During  the  last  10  years  the  mortality  from 
fever  has  been  very  great.  It  is  during  the 
process  of  evaporation  after  heavy  rains  that  the 
fever  becomes  epidemic,  and  only  then  with  a 
high  temperature." 

In  the  French  report  on  "  Waters  and  For- 
ests," for  1877,  in  referring  to  the  climate  of  the 
city  of  Guatemala  it  is  stated,  that  since  the 
forests  which  existed  between  that  place  and 
San  Jose — its  port  on  the  Pacific — have  disap- 
peared, the  inhabitants  have  been  exposed  to 
miasma  generated  on  the  coast,  and  new  dis- 
eases have  appeared. 

Dr.  Bryden,  President  of  the  Statistical  Office, 
of  Calcutta,  in  his  report  of  1S69,  on  epidemic 
cholera  in  the  Bengal  Presidency,  says:  "The 
road  to  Sambalpoor  runs  for  60  to  70  miles 
through  the  forest,  which,  around  Petorah  and 
Jenkfluss,  is  very  dense.  Now  it  is  a  remarkable 
fact,  but  it  is  a  fact  nevertheless,  that  on  this 
route  traversed  daily  by  hundreds  of  travelers, 
vehicles  and  baggage  trains,  the  cholera  rarely 
appears  in  this  extent  of  GO  miles,  and  when  it 
does  appear  it  iB  in  a  mild  form;  but  when  we 
come  to  the  road  from  Arang,  westward  to 
Chicholee  Bungalow,  which  runs  for  about  90 
miles  through  a  barren,  treeless  plain,  we  find 
the  cholera  every  year  in  its  most  severe  form, 
the  dead  and  dying  lying  by  the  wayside,  and 
trains  of  vehicles  half  of  whose  conductors  are 
dead."-  Dr.  Murray,  inspector  of  the  hospitals 
in  the  Bengal  Presidency,  is  his  report  for  the 
same  year,  gives  a  number  of  instances  of  the 
influence  of  trees  in  preventing  the  spread  of 
cholera.  He  says:  "In  India  the  fact  is  gen- 
erally believed,  and  not  long  ago  the  medical 
officer  of  Jatisgar,  in  central  India,  offered  a 
striking  proof  of  it.  During  the  widespread 
epidemic  of  cholera  in  Allahabad  in  1859,  those 
parts  of  the  garrison  whose  barracks  had  the 
advantage  of  having  trees  near  them,  enjoyed 
an  indisputable  exemption,  and  precisely  in 
proportion  to  the  thickness  and  nearness  of  the 
shelter.  Thus  the  European  cavalry,  in  the 
Wellington  barracks,  which  stand  between  four 
rows  of  mango  trees,  but  are  yet  to  a  certain 
extent  open,  suffered  much  less  than  the  fourth 
European  regiment,  whose  quarters  were  on  a 
hill  exposed  to  the  full  force  of  the  wind;  while 
the  Bengal  horse  artillery,  who  were  in  a  thicket 
of  mango  trees,  had  not  a  single  case  of  sick- 
ness; and  the  exemption  cannot  be  regarded  as 
accidental,  as  the  next  year  the  comparative 
immunity  was  precisely  the  same." 

M.  Regaud  de  1'Isle  was  one  of  the  savans 
who  was  sent  to  Rome  in  1810  to  investigate 
the  practicability  of  the  drainage  of  the  Pontine 
marshes.'  He  made  an  extended  report  entitled 
"Causes  of  the  Insalubrity  of  Air,"  published 
in  1816.  In  that  portion  relating  to  the  effect 
of  forests,  he  says:  "When  a  current  of  bad 
air,  laden  with  pestilential  miasma,  penetrates 
a  forest  to  a  certain  extent,  it  is  wholly  deprived 
of  these  properties.  The  effect  of  this  is  ob- 
served in  the  Pontine  marshes  in  which  a  belt 
of  trees  preserve  all  that  is  behind  it,  while  the 
uncovered  part  is  exposed  to  fevers.  The  trees 
therefore  tame  the  infected  air  and  deprive  it  of 
its  miasma." 

Within  the  past  few  years  some  plantations  of 
trees  have  been  made  with  the  object  of  im- 
proving the  sanitary  condition  of  particular 
localities,  notably  near  Rome  and  in  Algeria. 
The  evidence  of  the  beneficial  effect  of  this 
planting  is  now  beginning  to  accumulate.  In 
1874  plantations  of  the  eucalyptus  were  made 
about  the  church  of  St.  Paul  and  the  abbey  of 
the  Three  Fountains  near  Rome,  which,  as  has 
heretofore  been  stated,  is  one  of  the  most  insalu- 
brious and  fever-breeding  portions  of  the  Cam- 


March  29,  1879. 1 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


199 


pagna.  For  the  pa8t  four  years  the  sanitary  con- 
dition of  its  few  inhabitants  has  so  much  im- 
proved that  the  experiment  is  considered 
successful,  an»l  the  Italian  government  is  extend- 
ing similar  plantations  about  other  fever-stricken 
localities.  From  Algiers  a  report  lias  been  made 
of  a  military  post  in  which  the  garrison  had  to 
be  changed  every  five  days,  so  virulent  was  the 
malaria.  A  plantation  about  the  post  of  <i0,000 
trees  of  the  eucalyptus,  has  nearly  absorbed  or 
arrested  the  miasma,  and  rendered  unnecessary 
the  frequent  changes  of  the  garrison.  Parts  of 
the  island  of  Cyprus  are  bo  arliicted  with 
malaria,  that  Sirliaruet  Wolseley  has  asked  the 
English  government  for  an  appropriation  of 
£3,000,  to  be  expended  in  plantations  of  the 
eucalyptus  about  the  military  posts,  and 
especially  near  the  salt  lakes  of  Larnica. 

The  commission  appointed  by  the  Italian 
government  to  report  on  the  means  to  be 
adopted  for  the  improvement  of  the  extensive 
swamps  known  as  the  Tuscan  Maremme,  ad- 
vised the  planting  of  three  or  four  rows  uf 
poplars  in  such  directions  as  to  obstruct  the 
currents  of  air  from  malarious  localities,  and 
thus  intercept  a  great  portion  of  the  pernicious 
exhalations. 

American  Experience. 
It  has  been  a  popular  belief  in  many  of  the 
Western  States,  that  the  planting  of  sunHowers 
about  a  house,  would  pieserve  its  inhabitants 
from  miasma.  The  attention  of  Lieut.  Maury 
having  been  called  to  the  subject,  he  caused 
several  rows  to  be  planted  between  the  Wash- 
ington observatory  and  the  marshy  banks  of 
the  Potomac.  He  has  recorded  his  belief  in  the 
fact,  that  while  they  were  growing,  they  saved 
the  inmates  from  the  intermittent  fevers  to 
which  they  had  been  formerly  liable.  George 
P.  Marsh  states  that  "Maury's  experiments 
have  beeu  repeated  in  Italy,  and  large  planta- 
tions of  sunflowers  have  been  made  upon  the 
alluvial  deposits  of  the  Oglio  above  its  entrance 
into  the  Lake  of  Iseo  near  Pisogne,  and  it  is  said 
with  favorable  results  to  the  health  of  the 
neighborhood," 

Delano  is  a  station  on   the   Southern  Pacific 
railroad  on  the  treeless  plains  of  Tulare  valley, 
the  nearest  station  to  Tulare   lake,  and   under 
the  direct  influence  of  the  prevailing  winds  that 
blow,  during  the  summer  and  autumn,  from  over 
the  extensive  marshes  made  by  Buenavista  and 
Kern  river  sloughs,  before  their  waters  are  drain- 
ed into  the  lake.   During  the  construction  of  the 
railroad  and  for  some   years   afterwards — rela- 
tively   to    the   number  employed — more    men 
arliicted  with  malarious   diseases  were   sent  to 
the  railroad  hospital  at  Sacramento  from   this 
Btation  than  from  any  other  point  on  the    road. 
In  the  spring  of  1876,  the  Directors  ordered  1,000 
of  the  eucalyptus  globulus  to  be   planted  in   a 
tripple    row   near  the   railroad  track   between 
the  station  and  the  marshes.     These  have  grown 
rapidly,  and  now  average  more  than  25    feet  in 
hight.     The   yearly  average  of  patients  sent  to 
the  hospital,  with  malarious  diseases,  from  this 
station  from  1873  to    1877,  was  about  25.     In 
1878  it  was  reduced  to  eight.     Mr.  R.    Forbes, 
who  has  charge  of  the   records   of  the   railroad 
hospital,  in  writing  me  as  to  the  sanitary  condi- 
tion of  different  stations   on  the    road,    says  : 
"  The  health  of  the  men  all  along  the   line   ap- 
pears to  be  much  improved  during  the   last  two 
years,  which  is  probably  due  somewhat  to  the 
culture  of  blue  gum  trees."     For  the  purpose  of 
obtaining  statistics  of  the  health  of  the   inhabi- 
tants of  the  village,  who  were  not  employees  of , 
the  railroad,  the  engineer's  department  wrote  to 
Mr.  Defos  du  Bau,  an  extensive  wool  grower  at 
Delano,  who  employs  many  men.     In  his  replies 
he  says  :     "The  population  of  Delano  is  nearly 
50  persons,  but  it  increases  to  more  than  double 
in  March  and  April,    August  and   September. 
At  these  two  periods  we   employ  50  men  in  our 
corrals.      Intermittent     fevers     commence     in 
autumn   and  continue  a  part  of  the  winter.     In 
1874  and  1875,  with  two   exceptions,    everyone 
had  fever.     In  1876  it  was  the  Bame  thing.    Out 
of  45    men    employed    at    the    corral,    fifteen 
shearers   were   taken  sick,  48   hours  after  we 
had  a  sand  storm  caused  by  a  southern   wind, 
and  the  others  were  attacked  the  following  day. 
In    1877  there  were  but    three  or    four   cases 
amongst  our  people,  and  seven   or  eight  among 
the  floating  population.     In  the  year  1878  there 
has  been  no  sickness   from  intermittent    fever. 
We  attribute  this  change  to  the  trees  you  have 
planted,  and  to  those  which  we   ourselves  have 
also  planted." 

Conclusions  from  Facts  Cited. 

From  this  collection  of  facts  it  appears  to  be 
clear  that  while  miasma  is  given  off  by  decay- 
ing vegetation,  it  is  also  absorbed  or  arrested  by 
growing  vegetation.  In  temperate  climates 
intermittent  fevers  do  not  usually  prevail  until 
autumn,  about  the  period  when  deciduous  trees 
are  shedding  their  leaves  and  lower  forms  of 
vegetation  have  ripened  their  seeds  and  cease  to 
make  growth.  s  The  eucalyptus  globulus  has 
earned  the  name  in  the  south  of  Europe  and 
northern  Africa  of  "the  fever  tree,"  from  its 
supposed  virtues  in  preventing  malarious  dis- 
eases. Its  beneficial  effects  in  this  respect  I 
think  are  to  be  ascribed  not  to  its  odors  or 
resinous  gum,  but  to  the  fact  that  it  is  a  broad- 
leafed  evergreen,  that  it  has  nearly  an  equal 
number  of  stomata  on  each  side  of  the  leaf, 
that  it  is  absorbing  moisture  by  the  roots, 
transpiring  by  its  leaves  and  its  chlorophyl  is 
changing  sap  into  woody  fiber,    when  deciduous 

»  trees  are  inert.  In  other  words,  it  continues 
to  grow  after  deciduous  trees  and  annual  plants 
have  ceased.  Prof.  Lockwood  says  it  is  asserted 
that  a  eucalyptus  will  eliminate  from  a  swampy 
soil  and  transpire  eight  times  its  own  weight  of 


water  in  24  hours.  All  trees  arrest  or  absorb 
miasma  while  growing,  but  the  eucalyptus  never 
stops  growing  in  our  climate,  and  therefore  its 
work  in  this  respect  uever  ceases.  It  is  not 
remarkable  for  beauty  of  form,  but  it  is  wonder- 
ful in  its  rapidity  of  growth,  has  much  com- 
mercial value  for  its  wood,  and  for  arresting  or 
absorbing  miasma,  tills  a  place  that  cannot  be 
so  beneficially  occupied  by  any  other  tree  «  itliin 
my  knowledge. 

From  what  has  been  stated  it  will  be  seen 
how  great  is  the  benefit  to  be  derived  from  the 
•planting  of  forest  trees,  and  how  great  is  the 
crime  in  the  wanton  and  neediest*  destruction 
of  the  trees  on  the  borders  of  our  rivers,  sloughs 
and  over- flowed  lands,  and  the  certain  penalty 
that  follows  this  crime.  Without  looking  to 
the  ultimate  effect  of  the  destructive  waste  of 
trees  on  our  mountains,  hills  and  plains  in 
altering  climate  and  in  creating  floods  and 
drouths,  but  only  to  the  sanitary  effect  of  this 
waste,  I  sympathize  with  wise  and  good 
Bernard  Palissy,  who  in  1563  thus  complained: 
"When  I  consider  the  value  of  the  least  clump 
of  trees,  or  even  of  thorns,  I  much  marvel  at  the 
great  ignorance  of  men  who,  as  it  seemcth,  do 
nowadays  study  to  break  down,  fell  and  waste 
the  fair  forests  which  nature  did  guard  so 
choicely.  I  would  think  no  evil  of  them  for 
cutting  down  the  woods  did  they  but  replant 
again  some  part  of  them;  but  they  care  naught 
for  the  time  to  come,  neither  reck  they  of  the 
great  damage  they  do  to  their  children  which 
shall  come  after  them." 


UsEf  JL     [^O^pfl^JtON. 


Grape  Seed  Oil 

Has  this  ever  been  made  in  this  State?  It 
seems  that  Italy  and  France  are  getting  nervous 
about  the  17,000,000  pounds  of  grape  seed 
which  they  are  annually  throwing  away,  and  in 
a  country  which  pursues  the  economies  as 
closely  as  France,  it  is  no  wonder  this  great  leak 
excites  attention.  We  read  that  a  process  has 
recently  been  adopted  in  Europe  by  which  oil  is 
profitably  extracted  from  the  grape  seeds  thrown 
out  at  the  wineries.  The  first  step  in  the  pro- 
cess is  the  careful  drying  of  the  seeds.  Those 
of  the  black  grape  appear  to  be  the  best  for  the 
purpose  in  view,  the  white  grape  seeds  contain- 
ing a  far  less  proportion  of  oil.  They  are  then 
carefully  washed  free  from  dirt  and  mold,  again 
dried,  and  ground  in  a  mill  in  the  ordinary 
manner.  It  is  necessary  that  the  meal  should 
be  extremely  fine,  for  experience  has  shown  that 
on  this  point  the  quantity  of  oil  obtained  from 
it  is  chiefly  dependent.  The  meal  is  then  put 
in  large  coppers,  and  a  hole  scooped  in  the  mid- 
dle of  it  with  the  hand  and  tilled  up  with  water; 
after  which  a  slow  tire  is  lighted  under  the  cal- 
drons, and  their  contents  stirred  about  from 
time  to  time  so  as  to  ensure  the  perfect  mixture 
of  the  meal  with  the  water.  The  tire  is  with- 
drawn when  the  heat  has  risen  to  such  a  point 
that  the  hand  can  no  longer  be  borne  in  the 
coppers,  and  the  paste  taken  to  the  press  in 
sacks.  It  will  be  seen  that  the  process  is  of 
the  most  simple  nature,  and  can  be  applied 
with  very  little  outlay  in  localities  where  the 
plant  of  presses  and  other  apparatus  is  already 
at  hand  for  treatment  of  the  olive  crop  ;  but 
even  when  this  is  not  the  case,  the  extraction  of 
the  oil  would  probably  prove  fairly  remunera- 
tive. It  is  calculated  that  every  hundred  pounds 
of  the  seeds  will  yield  five  or  five  and  one-half 
pounds  of  oil.  The  latter  is  of  a  light  yellow 
color,  and  mild  flavor,  and  without  smell.  Its 
specific  gravity  at  15°  C.  is  0.9202,  and  it  solid- 
ifies at  16°  C.  The  value  of  the  oil  on  the  mar- 
ket is  about  twice  the  cost  of  its  extraction,  as 
it  is  done  by  the  French.  It  will  probably  be 
used  as  another  of  the  many  adulterants  of 
French  olive  oil,  which  is  sold  to  us  at  such 
high  price.  Whether  grape-seed  oil  would  pay 
in  this  State,  is  doubtful,  but  it  might  be  tried 
as  a  matter  of  interest. 


Elevation  and    Temperature. 

Dr.    C  D.  Hunter,  of  Santa  Kosa,  has  given 

much  attention  to  the  study  of  atmospheric  and 
climatic  phenomena  in  different  parts  of  the 
world.  He  writes  for  a  recent  issue  of  the  Santa 
Rosa  Democrat  an  article  to  show  the  philos- 
ophy of  escapes  from  frosts  at  moderate  ele- 
vatiouB,  while  valleys  below  are  badly  bitten. 
Although  all  of  us  know  practically  that  such  is 
the  fact,  not  all  are  conversant  with  the  reasons 
therefor,  aud  as  the  subject  is  of  interest  to 
many  who  are  intending  fruit-growing  and  the 
like,  we  shall  preseut  in  condensed  form  the 
atmospheric  performances  outlined  by  Dr.  Hun- 
ter. 

It  seeems  that  the  first  clear  demonstration 
that  the  valleys  were  more  subject  to  frost  than 
the  hillsides,  resulted  from  the  establishment  of 
meteorological  stations  in  Switzerland.  There 
the  great  hight  of  the  mountains  and  the  nar- 
row uess  of  the  valleys  show  their  difference 
much  more  markedly,  and  to  as  great  a  hight  as 
5,000  feet.  Santa  Rosa  valley  is  so  large  and 
wide  in  comparison  to  the  hight  of  its  surround- 
ing hills,  that  the  difference  is  neither  so  mark- 
ed, nor  can  it  extend  to  so  great  a  hight.  Prob- 
ably in  our  smaller  valleys,  and  the  great  Sac- 
ramento valley  near  the  foot  of  the  higher 
Sierras,  will  be  found  many  low-lying  grounds 
subject  to  night  frosts  even  late  in  the  spring 
season. 

The  main  cause  of  this  peculiarity  in  the  dis- 
tribution  of  low  temperatures  is  to  be  found  in 
the  but  slight  heating  effect  of  the  sun's  rays  on 
the  atmosphere.  The  sun  must  first  heat  the 
soil,  and  then  the  soil  heats  the  air.  Con- 
versely the  cooling  of  the  air  is  also  effected  by 
the  soil;  and  hence  the  air  nearest  the  soil  is 
always  the  hottest  when  the  sun  is  shining,  and 
the  coldest  when  the  sun  is  absent.  For  the 
same  reason  the  surface  air  experiences  the 
greatest  changes  of  temperature.  So  it  comes 
that  the  air  of  the  valleys  being  hedged  in  by 
a  surface  of  soil  on  every  side  gets  rapidly  heated 
when  the  sun  shines,  whereas  that  of  the  hills 
has  not  only  less  surface  for  an  equal  quantity 
of  air,  but  it  is  almost  constantly  in  motion, 
and  each  new  supply  keeps  down  the  tempera- 
ture of  the  surface  soil  and  air.  The  glaciers  of 
the  Sierras  aud  the  anow-capped  peaks  of  high 
mountains  even  in  the  tropics,  bear  witness  to 
the  fact  that  the  direct  rays  of  the  sun  have 
but  little  power  to  heat  the  atmosphere ;  for 
otherwise  the  higher  we  ascended  the  warmer 
it  should  be. 

Few  have  any  idea  of  the  extreme  changes 
of  heat  experienced  by  the  surface  soil.  When 
the  maximum  thermometer  in  the  air  will  regis- 
ter 70°  or  80°,  one  on  the  soil  may  reach  110°  to 
130°.  But  even  before  the  sun  sets  and  as  its 
rays  cease  to  heat  the  soil,  the  surface  rapidly 
cools  down,  and  after  a  calm,  clear  night  it  will 
be  found,  as  a  rule,  from  4°  to  S°  colder  at  sun- 
rise than  the  air  four  feet  above  it.  Now,  as 
every  one  knows,  cold  air  is  heavier  than  hot 
air,  hence  what  forms  in  the  valley  remains 
there.  But  what  of  that  on  the  hill?  As  the 
air  on  the  hill  cools,  it  begins,  like  water,  to 
seek  its  lowest  level,  and  as  the  cooling  process 
goes  on,  every  watercourse,  ditch  and  hollow 
becomes  a  channel  down  which  the  cold  air 
flows  just  as  if  it  was  so  much  water.  Conse- 
quently near  the  foot  of  the  hill  every  little 
valley  and  depression  of  the  surface  becomes  a 
little  lake  of  the  frosty  fluid.  Here  it  accumu- 
lates in  proportion  to  the  stillness  of  the  night 
and  severity  of  the  frost.  At  the  same  time 
the  hill  surface  as  it  loses  its  cold  air  must  get 
a  new  supply,  and  this,  of  course,  can  only  come 
from  above,  where  the  air  of  the  day,  being  out 
of  the  reach  of  any  solid  body  to  cool  it,  has 
lost  only  a  portion  of  its  heat.  So  by  night  the 
soil  of  the  hills  is  constantly  bathed  with  air  of 
a  comparatively  mild  temperature,  whilst  the 
valleys  receive  of  cold  far  more  than  their  share. 


A  new  application  of  the  Bessemer  process, 
the  invention  of  Mr.  John  Holloway,  is  de- 
scribed in  our  English  exchanges,  by  which  the 
converter  is  used  to  treat  iron  and  copper 
pyrites,  and  produce  sulphurous  and  sulphurie 
acids,  and  a  regulus  containing  copper.  The 
pyrites  are  melted  in  a  cupola,  and  then,  blown 
with  a  blast  of  air  in  a  Bessemer  converter. 
The  sulpur  is  oxidized  into  sulphurous  acid, 
which  can  be  dissolved,  condensed  or  further 
oxidized  into  sulphuric  acid.  A  rich  regulus  is 
obtained,  which  can  be  profitably  treated  for 
copper,  the  slag  being  highly  ferruginous,  as  in 
the  present  system  of  copper  smelting.  As  in 
the  Bessemer  steel  process,  the  carbon  and  sili- 
con in  the  molten  pig  iron  are  the  fuels  which 
furnish  the  heat  required  in  the  process;  in  the 
new  process  the  sulphur  in  the  pyrites  (a  more 
combustible  material  than  carbon)  is  the  fuel. 
It  is  said  that  the  new  process  would  avoid 
the  destruction  of  vegetation  which  is  com- 
plained of  in  localities  where  pyrites  are  treated 
for  sulphuric  acid. 

Making  Plaster  Set  Quickly  or  Slowly.-— 
In  order  to  make  plaster  set  quickly,  mix  it 
with  warm  water  into  which  a  little  sulphate  of 
potash  has  been  dissolved.  To  make  it  set 
slowly,  mix  it  with  fine  slacked  lime.  The  time 
of  setting  may  be  regulated  by  changing  the 
relative  quantities. 


Qood   HEAlLTl" 


Health. 


Editors  Press: — I -have  been  a  semi-invalid 
for  50  years.  I  have  been  obliged  to  study  the 
conditions  necessary  to  the  preservation  of  health 
in  order  to  keep  soul  and  body  together  so  long. 
I  will'give,  measurably,  the  results  of  my  studies 
in  this  line,  hoping  thereby  to  benefit  others.  I 
love  the  true  reformers  of  the  age.  They  are, 
for  the  most  part,  philauthropically  laboring  for 
the  good  of  mankind  ;  they  see  evils,  and  cor- 
ruptions, and  oppressions  everywhere  they  turn 
their  eyes,  and  labor  manfully  to  lessen  them. 
But  the  trouble  with  far  too  many  of  them  is 
that  they  labor  too  assiduously ; ,  they  go  too  far 
with  their  ideas  of  reform  ;  they  ride  their  re- 
spective hobbies  to  death,  and  often  do  more 
harm  than  good  in  the  world.  Now,  my  hobby, 
if  I  have  a  hobby,  can,  I  think,  be  expressed  in 
two  words — 

Avoid  Extremes. 

The   reformer  in  theology,  seeing  priestcraft 

and  error  in  all  creeds  and  sects,  too  often  strikes 

I  at  the  root  of  all  religion,  and  would  leave  us 

1  nothing  but  poor,  fallen   human  nature  to  de- 


pend upon.  The  reformer  in  social  life,  seeing 
oppression,  and  tyranny,  and  corruption  in  all 
laws  and  their  administration,  is  too  apt  to  de- 
nounce all  order,  and  law  and  government,  and 
advocate  a  system  which  would  iuevitably  result 
in  anarchy  and  indiscriminate  bloodshed.  The 
reformer  in  medicine,  seeing  that  dru^s  kill  as 
well  as  cure,  will  sometimes  strike  loose  from 
all  medicine  and  depend  entirely  upon  unaided 
nature  to  affect  a  cure.  These  all  go  to  extremes. 
The  happy  healing  medium  is  not  sought.  The 
old-time  doctor  denies  a  drop  of  water  to  his 
fever-burned  patient ;  the  hydropatlust  some- 
times drenches  him  with  ice-cold  draughts,  and 
soaks  him  in  cold  water  until  all  color,  and  vigor, 
and  life  are  drenched  out  of  him.  The  happy 
medium  would  be  to  give  him  moderately  of 
cold  water  when  he  was  dry,  and  bathe  him  for 
a  few  moments  in  cold,  or  cool  water,  when  his 
skin  was  hot.  It  is  a  good  rule  in  these,  and 
many  other  cases,  to  do  and  act  in  a  manner 
that  will  make  the  patient  most  comfortable, 
with  an  honest,  intelligent  physician  to  modify 
somewhat  npon  occasions,  this  rule.  Pepper 
and  lobelia  are  good  medicines,  but  I  have  seen, 
in  the  infancy  of  Thompsonianism,  a  man  pour 
a  heaping  teaspoonful  of  fiery  cayenne  pepper 
into  his  bowl  of  bread  and  milk  and  eat  it,  when 
there  was  nothing  the  matter  with  him  ;  and  I 
have  heard  of  taking  a  lobelia  emetic  to  cure  a 
sore  toe.  The  allopathist  will  sometimes  feed 
quinine  like  tiour  ;  and  the  honuepathist,  taking 
warning,  perhaps,  from  the  evil  effects,  will 
sometimes  reduce  his  dose  so  a  mosquito  need 
not  fear  to  swallow  it.  There  is,  doubtless, 
good  in  all  these  various  systems,  but,  carried 
to  extremes,  evil  results. 

Old  Truths  Good  Enough. 

Now,  I  do  not  expect  to  add  anything  new  ; 
old  truths  are  good  enough,  and  there  are  enough 
of  them  ;  the  trouble  is  they  are  too  often  neg- 
lected or  forgotten.  The  less  drugs  the  better. 
Take  them  only  when  absolutely  necessary,  and 
only  as  prescribed  by  an  upright  physician,  and 
then  only  in  the  smallest  possible  doses.  They 
are  so  uncertain  in  their  effects.  Indeed,  some 
noted  physicians  go  so  far  as  to  say  that  drugs 
have  done  more  harm  than  good  in  the  world. 
They  are  too  apt,  even  when  they  cure  disease, 
to  leave  the  system  in  that  enfeebled  state  that 
some  other  and  more  malignant  disease  will  seize 
upon  the  patient,  when  a  series  of  circumstances 
renders  him  peculiarly  liable.  Better,  perhaps, 
to  be  sick  a  few  days  longer,  aud  let  nature 
finally  heal,  and  heal  truly,  than  to  cure  with 
drues,  the  deleterious  effects  of  which  remain 
for  years,  or  for  life,  to  torment. 

Eat  Wholesome  Pood. 

Eat  the  most  wholesome  and  the  best  cooked 
food  to  be  obtained.  This  does  not  mean  what 
is  usually  called  the  richest.  The  plainer  the  dish 
the  better,  so  that  it  is  good.  It  must  also  taste 
good.  If  the  appetite  is  perverted  with  highly 
seasoned  dishes,  it  should  be  corrected  as  speedily 
as  possible  by  persistently  eating  plainer  dishes. 
It  can  soon  and  easily  be  done.  Have  a  large 
variety,  eat  everything  that  is  good,  but  not  at 
one  meal.  Here  let  the  smallest  number  of 
dishes  that  will  properly  satisfy  the  appetite, 
suffice.  Use  very  few  condiments,  and  dpicee, 
and   seasonings.     Eat  slowly,    masticate  thor- 

ghly  ;  enjoy  your  meal  to  the  utmost,  but 
never  eat  to  repletion.  Have  pleasant  subjects 
for  conversation  ;  keep  all  excitements  and  pas- 
sions from  the  table.  Indeed,  passions  at  all 
times  kill,  especially  the  invalid.  Keep  cool 
and  happy.  Bathe  once  a  week — oftener  in  hot 
and  dusty  weather — in  warm  or  cool  water, 
whichever  is  most  agreeable  to  the  sensations. 
Bathing,  followed  by  a  permanent  chill,  is 
death-producing. 

Follow  Nature, 
But  here  reason  must  step  in,  for  nature  is  some- 
times perverted.  Be  very  regular  in  all  your 
habits,  regular  in  lyiug  down  and  in  rising  up, 
regular  in  eating,  and  drinking,  and  sleeping, 
and  be  especially  careful  not  to  get  into  the 
habit  of  eating  between  meals.  "Let  your 
moderation  be  known"  in  all  things.  Be  mod- 
erate in  eating,  in  sleeping,  in  drinking,  in  labor 
and  in  rest.  If  you  have  labored  hard  and  are 
hot  and  thirsty,  drink  moderately  ;  if  you  are 
very  hungry,  eat  very  slowly  and  very  moder- 
ately. If  meat  agrees  with  you,  eat  a  little  ;  if 
you  are  old  or  feeble,  drink  a  little  tea  or  coffee; 
if  you  need  stimulants,  drink  a  little  wine;  but 
of  most  of  these,  I  would  say,  the  less  the  bet- 
ter, and  of  whisky  and  tobacco,  I  would  say 
none.  I  end  with  the  refrain  which  I  would 
impress  most  earnestly  upon  all,  avoid  extremes; 
do  nothing  to  excess ;  and  if  you  have,  in  a 
momeut  of  thoughtlessness,  overdone, physically, 
or  morally,  or  mentally,  lie  idle  for  a  few  days 
and  recuperate,  and  do  not,  unless  you  are  seri- 
ously sick,  throw  yourself  into  the  hands  of  a 
physician,  who  cannot  know  your  nature  as  well 
as  vou  ought  to  know  it  yourself. 

y         B  S.  P.  Snow. 


Tape- Worm  in  Cucumbers. — The  dietetic 
reputation  of  cucumbers  is  bad  enough  already, 
but  it  is  likely  to  become  worse,  now  that  Dr. 
Leidy,  of  Philadelphia,  has  discovered  that 
they  are  liable  to  be  infested  with  tape-worm. 
At  a  meeting  of  the  Academy  of  Science,  Phil- 
adelphia, he  exhibited  a  specimen  of  tape-worm 
taken  from  the  inside  of  a  large  cucumber.  It 
is  said  to  have  had  all  the  characteristics  of  a 
true  tape-worm,  but  belonged  to  an  unknown 
species,  the  peculiarity  being  that  the  ovaries, 
containing  the  round  yellow  eggs,  are  confined 
to  the  anterior  extremity  of  the  segment. 


200 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[March  29,  1879. 


:Ientific  .PRESS.} 


W.  B.  EWER Senior  Editor. 


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SAN   FRANCISCO: 
Saturday  Morning,  March  29, 1879. 


TABLE  OP  CONTENTS. 


EDITORIALS-  — Michel's  Improved  Amalgamator; 
Artificial  Crystals  of  Gold,  193.  The  Week;  What  is 
Being  Done  in  the  Mines;  Beading  the  Stars  to  a  Bad 
Purpose,  200.  Rolling  Wheat  to  Market,  201.  Ari- 
zona—No, 2;  Hi?h  Explosive,  204. 

ILLUSTRATION'S  —Michel's  Improved  Amalgama- 
ting1 Pan,  193.  Diagram  Showing  Pay  Chutes  in  the 
Comstock  Lode,  201. 

CORRESPONDENCE.  —  Nevada's  Wealth;  Steam 
Threshing  Engineers,  194.  New  Problems  in  Mensur- 
ation; Pay  Chutes  in  the  Comstock  Lode,  201. 

MECHANICAL  PROGRESS. -Economy  of  Cloth- 
ing Boilers;  Wire  Belts;  Balanced  Slide  Valves;  To  Pre- 
vent Explosions,  195. 

MINING  STOCK  MARKET. -Sales  at  the  San 
Francisco,  California  and  Pacific  Stock  Boards,  Notices 
of  Assessments,  Meetings  and  Dividends,  196. 

MISCELLANEOUS.—  The  California  Game  Laws; 
Immigrant  Sleeping  Cars;  How  Artist's  Canvas  is  Pre- 
pared, 194.  The  Bequette  System  of  Milling,  197- 
Sanitary  Intluencee  of  Trees,  198-9. 

SCIENTIFIC  PROGRESS. -Light  and  Life:  Effect 
of  Electricity  on  Vegetable  Growth;  Magnetism  of  Load- 
stone and  of  Steel;  Electricity  of  Chemical  Processes; 
Interesting  Experiments  in  Regard  to  Spontaneous 
Combustion;  The  Mineral  Cerite;  Iron  and  Silicon; 
Changes  of  Spectra;  Allotropy  of  Metals;  Snow  Illumi- 
nation; Electro-Chemical  Action  Under  Pressure,   195. 

USEFUL  INFORMATION.-Grape  Seed  Oil;  Ele- 
Vation  and  Temperature,  199. 

GOOD  HEALTH.— Health;  Tape-Worm  in  Cucum- 
bers, 199. 

MINING  SUMMARY  from  the  various  counties  of 
California,  Nevada,  Arizona,  Idaho  and  Montana,  197- 
204. 

NEWS  IN  BRIEF  on  page  204 and  other  pages. 

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Assessment  Notice— Mount  Jefferson  M.  &  M.  Co. 
Rare  Chance— Newspaper  Offic§  For  Sale  or  Lease. 
Postponement  of  Sale—Griffith  M.  &  M.  Co. 


The  Week. 

As  a  whole  the  mining  communities  of  Cali- 
fornia have  been  well  prospered  so  far  this 
season.  Water  is  plenty,  and  the  gold  mines 
continue  to  yield  without  abatement.  The  gold 
product  both  from  quartz  and  placer  diggings 
bids  fair  to  be  large  buyond  precedent,  and  the 
whole  mining  population  are  working  with  the 
evident  intention  of  making  the  most  of  the 
opportunity  while  it  lasts.  A  heavy  mining 
suit  has  been  commenced  against  the  Trustees 
of  the  Alta  Mining  Co.,  on  account  of  a  missing 
item  of  $250,000  in  their  accounts.  The  agree- 
ment between  the  mining  companies  and  the 
Sutro  Tunnel,  is  now  positively  stated  to  have 
been  signed.  The  contract  is  substantially  the 
acceptance  of  the  old  agreement  of  1866,  subject 
to  modifications,  principal  among  which  is  a 
reduction  of  the  royalty  of  $2  per  ton  to  $1  per 
ton  on  ores  that  yield  $40  and  less  per  ton; 
while  on  ores  that  yield  more  than  $40  per  ton 
the  royalty  is  to  be  the  same  as  before — $2  per 
ton.  The  officers  of  the  mines  are  required  to 
furnish  the  Sutro  Tunnel  Co.  a  certified  state- 
ment of  the  yield  of  each  mine,  and  to  pay  the 
royalty  on  the  same  on  the  10th  of  each  month 
for  the  product  of  said  mine  during  the  calendar 
month.  The  mining  companies  are  to  advance 
the  tunnel  company  $70  per  linear  foot, 
without  interest,  for  the  construction  of 
branch  lateral  drifts  north  and  south  con- 
necting with  said  tunnel.  The  tunnel  com- 
pany is  to  repay  this  advance  at  a  future 
time.  The  mining  companies  will  be  per- 
mitted to  assist  in  the  construction  of  the  lateral 
branches,  and  for  all  work  thus  done  the  tunnel 
company  is  to  repay  the  mining  companies  at 
the  rate  of  $70  per  linear  foot.  It  is  also  pro- 
vided that  the  tunnel  company  shall  have  the 
tunnel  in  readiness  for  the  free  passage  of  water 
of  whatsoever  temperature  drained  from  the 
mines,  and  that  the  latter  shall  be  at  liberty  to 
pump  the  same  at  the  expiration  of  90  days 
from  the  signiug  of  the  articles,  or  at  any  time 
within  that  period  when  the  tunnel  company 
shall  give  consent.  The  payments  to  the  tunnel 
company  for  the  work  it  performs  in  running 
the  branch  lateral  drifts  are  to  be  made  on  the 
5th  of  each  month  at  the  above  rate  ($70  per 
linear  foot)  for  the  number  of  feet  run  within 
the  preceding  calendar  month.  The  Sutro  Tun- 
nel Company  has  for  Beveral  days  been  prepar- 
ing to  resume  work  in  the  tunnel.  A  thousand 
men  will  be  taken  on  to  dig  the  sub-drain. 


What  is  Being  Done  in  the  Mines. 

The  business  of  mining  throughout  most  parts 
of  California  is  just  now  in  a  very  active  and 
prosperous  condition.  This  industry  seems  to 
be,  in  fact,  making  satisfactory  progress  in 
nearly  all  parts  of  our  Pacific  States  and  Ter- 
ritories. From  every  quarter  the  accounts  that 
come  to  hand  are  of  a  cheerful  tenor,  the  pro- 
ductive mines  yielding  their  full  complement  of 
bullion  and  many  new  finds  of  importance 
being  reported.  While  so  much  activity  and 
such  generally  good  results  are  everywhere 
noticeable,  the  business  of  gold  mining  is  at  the 
present  time  especially  lively  in  California, 
where  at  this  season  of  the  year  it  can  be  pur- 
sued to  best  advantage.  This  is  harvest  time 
with  our  hydraulic  miners,  who  reap  while  our 
farmers  are  planting.  On  this  class  of  claims 
gravel  washing  is  now  being  pushed  diligently 
day  and  night  and  will  so  be  continued  without 
intermission,  except  through  accidental  interrup- 
tion or  for  the  purpose  of  cleaning  up,  till  the 
end  of  the  water  season,  which  promises  to  be 
much  more  extended  than  the  miners  had  for  a 
long  time  dared  hope  for,  and  may  even  be 
as  protracted  as  in  ordinary  years,  despite  the 
dry  winter. 

There  is  reported  to  be  a  pretty  fair  stock  of 
snow  on  the  mountains,  a  good  deal  having 
fallen  during  the  recent  storms.  As  these  later 
additions  are  underlaid  by  a  considerable  body 
of  more  compact  snow,  the  whole  will  be  likely 
to  keep  the  streams  tolerably  well  replenished 
till  mid-summer  or  later.  For  several  weeks 
past  this  class  of  miners  have  almost  every- 
where had  plenty  of  water,  and,  as  the  weather 
has  meantime  been  warm,  they  have  been  able 
to  run  to  good  advantage.  A  great  deal  of  gold 
has  already  been  taken  out,  and  should  the 
season  continue  favorable  a  large  production 
may  be  counted  on  from  this  source  the  present 
year.  It  is  not  expected  that  the  amount  of 
gold  gathered  by  this  process  will  hereafter 
undergo  any  rapid  expansion.  The  quantity  of 
water  available  for  washing  having  been  about  all 
appropriated  and  applied  to  that  purpose,  there 
is  left  little  chance  for  enlarging  the  bullion 
product,  which  cannowonlybe  increased  through 
enlarged  water  catchment  and  storage,  which 
has  also  about  reached  its  greatest  practicable 
limit.  The  owners  of  these  properties  have, 
however,  through  the  construction  of  additional 
reservoirs  and  ditches  and  the  introduction  of 
more  perfect  apparatus  and  powerful  explosives, 
brought  the  whole  to  a  condition  of  such  effi- 
ciency that  they  will  be  able  to  maintain  the 
present  rates  of  production  for  a  long  time  to 
come,  and  may,  through  some  increment  of 
water  supply,  be  able  to  add  somewhat  to  the 
yearly  aggregate  product  now  turned  out. 

Besides  the  hydraulic  washings,  the  late 
copious  rains  have  imparted  new  life  to  certain 
other  branches  of  placer  mining,  a  good  deal  of 
which  is  now  being  done  in  the  shallow  diggings 
and  dry  ravines,  where  operations  can  be  carried 
on  at  such  times  only  as  the  present,  when  water 
is  furnished  to  them  by  the  rains  and  without 
cost.  In  some  of  these  localities  there  still 
remains  a  good  deal  of  auriferous  ground,  and 
as  the  present  tolerably  full  and  long  continued 
water  supply  has  been  taken  advantage  of  to 
work  them  extensively,  these  usually  non-pro- 
ductive placers  will  contribute  materially 
towards  swelling  the  bullion  stock  of  the  current 
year.  One  good  feature  of  these  dry  diggings 
consists  inj  the  fact  that  they  remain  for  the 
most  part  unclaimed,  and  requiring  but  little 
outlay  for  tools  and  equipment  and  nothing  for 
water,  can  be  profitably  worked  by  men  of 
small  means;  many  of  whom  in  favorable  seasons 
like  the  present  repair  to  these  spots  and  for 
several  months  earn  satisfactory  wages.  As 
they  can  be  worked  but  for  short  periods  at  a 
time  and  often  only  at  long  intervals,  these 
fruitful  patches  will  hold  out  for  a  long  while — 
a  refuge  for  the  industrious  dead-broke — a  sort 
of  placer  preserve  for  the  poor  man. 

The  drift  claims  already  opened  are  yielding 
liberally,  and  much  new  ground  is  in  process  of 
exploration  and  development.  About  Damas- 
cus and  elsewhere  along  the  Forest  Hill  divide 
new  tunnels  are  being  driven  and  new  shafts 
put  down  to  reach  the  old  pliocene  channel  that 
passes  through  that  region  of  country,  and  which 
wherever  worked  has  been  found  prolific  in 
gold.  As  some  of  these  works  have  now  about 
reached  their  objective  points,  it  may  be  ex- 
pected that  they  will  soon  begin  to  reimburse 
expenditures  made  on  their  account,  and  finally 
earn  large  profits  for  the  owners.  In  different 
parts  of  Sierra  county  mines  of  this  class  are 
being  operated  with  excellent  results,  much 
prospecting  being  also  done. 

In  California  our  mines,  by  reason  of  the  va- 
ried character  of  this  industry,  may  be  said  to 
be  always  in  bonanza.  What,  between  hydrau- 
lic, vein,  drift  and  our  other  forms  of  mining 
we  are  at  all  times  able  to  accomplish,  bullion 
production  goes  on  steadily  and  without  ever 
experiencing  any  entire  cessation.  We  are 
always  gathering  gold  at  some  point  and  by 
some  process  or  another.  And  it  will  here 
always  be  so,  our  quartz  reefs,  and  gravel  banks 
and  dead  rivers  affording  inexhaustible  deposits 
of  gold-bearing  material,  to  say  nothing  of  new 
sources  likely  yet  to  be  opened  up  and  our  sil- 
ver mines  destined  soon  to  come  in  as  an  addi- 
tional bullion-making  factors.  The  stranger  or 
casual  observer  visiting  now  our  mountain 
towns  would  get  the  impression  that  they  were 
without  business  and  almost  without  popula- 
tion. Few  men  would  be  seen  upon  the  streets 
or  about  the  saloons  and  other  public,  places.  I 


There  would  be  an  apparent  dullness  and  ab- 
sence of  bustle  denoting  anything  but  an  active 
and  prosperous  condition  of  things.  But  the 
eye  of  the  experienced  observer  would  see  in  all 
this  the  evidence  of  thrift  and  good  times  for 
all,  knowing  well  that  the  miners,  upon  whose 
success  all  are  dependent,  were  busy  in  their 
claims,  improving  the  opportunities  now  afforded 
for  washing  the  gold-bearing  gravel  to  the 
utmost.  In  these  mining  districts  a  town 
swarming  with  people  is  significant  of  empty 
pockets,  long  credits  and  hard  times,  while  a 
general  cleaning  out  of  the  place  points  to  an 
opposite  condition  of  affairs. 

Reading  the   Stars  to  a  Bad  Purpose. 

The  world  has  never  been  without  its  Cassan- 
drias,  and  juBt  now  it  is  having  a  surfeit  of 
these  ill-foreboding  prophets.  Sometimes  these 
people  of  evil  omen  come  forth  to  cast  the 
world's  horoscope  in  the  name  of  science,  and 
sometimes  in  the  character  of  biblical  interpre- 
ters. As  many  as  three  or  four  times  within 
the  recollection  of  those  now  living  the  Miller- 
ites  or  Second  Adventists  have  fixed  the  time 
for  the  world's  final  destruction,  their  predic- 
tions being  based  upon  the  peculiar  expositions 
given  of  various  passages  in  Scripture.  Twenty 
years  ago  the  past  winter  the  appearance  of  a 
comet  inspired  a  widespread  terror,  certain  pre- 
tenders to  astronomical  knowledge  having 
given  out  that  the  annihilation  of  the  earth  by 
this  celestial  tramp  was  a  thing  quite  within 
the  limits  of  possibility.  And  now  the  ap- 
proaching conjunction  of  certain  planets  affords 
this  same  class  of  pretenders  an  opportunity  to 
ventilate  their  learning  and  inspire  the  ignorant, 
the  superstitious  and  the  emotional  with  a 
dread  of  impending  evils  at  the  same  time. 
Opportunities  of  this  kind  occurring  only  at 
such  long  intervals  are  not  to  be  neglected  by 
these  sensation  mongers.  Hence  we  find  they 
are  being  turned  by  this  class  to  good  account. 
We  are  told  that  the  direst  calamities  await 
only  the  coincidence  of  these  heavenly  bodies 
to  be  precipitated  upon  our  doomed  world  and 
race.  Next  year  the  four  great  planets — 
Jupiter,  Uranus,  Neptune  and  Saturn — will  be 
in  perihelion — will  have  reached  their  nearest 
approach  to  the  sun,  and  then  evils  countless 
and  unspeakable  are  to  be  let  loose  upon  the 
world.  The  influence  of  these  planets  when 
brought  into  that  position  will  be,  we  are  assured, 
exceedingly  pernicious  to  the  earth  and  the 
people  upon  it.  Indeed,  some  of  these  great 
members  of  the  solar  system  exert,  it  would 
seem,  at  all  times  a  baneful  influence  upon  our 
little  planet — entertain,  as  it  were,  a  grudge 
against  it.  All  these  heavenly  bodies  except 
Jupiter  are  unfriendly  to  us — are,  to  use  the 
language  of  astrology,  malefic:  Jupiter  alone  is 
benejic — kindly  and  well  disposed  towards  us. 
But  this  will  not  avail  to  save  us  from  these 
threatened  evils;  for,  although  he  is  much  the 
largest  member  of  this  planetary  quartet,  his 
beneficent  influence  will  be  nullified  by  the 
much  greater  power  for  evil  possessed  by  his 
associates;  and  which,  when  the  whole  set  are 
brought  in  perihelion,  they  will  be  able  to  ex- 
ert with  deadly  effect. 

Having  so  obtained  the  mastery,  the  influence 
of  these  unpropitious  planets  will  begin  to 
manifest  itself  in  the  contamination  of  our 
atmosphere,  causing  widespread  famine,  pesti-, 
lence  and  death.  The  plague  and  other  incu- 
rable diseases  will  prevail,  the  waters  will  be- 
come putrid,  all  nature  will  be  sick.  Animals 
will  die,  even  the  fishes  will  perish  and  man- 
kind be  almost  wholly  swept  from  the  face  of 
the  earth;  only  on  the  Pacific  coast,  where  these 
malign  influences  are  to  be  exerted  with  less 
power,  will  any  considerable  number  of  the 
human  race  be  spared.  As  no  reason  has  been 
assigned  by  these  wise  men  for  this  letting  up 
on  the  inhabitants  of  the  Pacific  coast,  we  are 
left  to  infer  that  this  will  be  due  to  their  greater 
moral  excellence.  We  find  in  the  case  of  Lot, 
of  Bible  fame,  a  precedent  to  justify  such  con- 
clusion. But  even  here,  we  are  not  to  make 
good  our  escape  altogether.  Persons  of  vile, 
intemperate  and  gluttonous  habits — who  are 
unclean,  eat  to  excess,  drink  whisky  and  suck 
tobacco,  will  have  a  close  call,  and  very  likely 
go  the  way  of  the  rest  of  mankind.  As  a  large 
proportion  of  our  population  are  addicted  to  these 
hurtful  and  unseemly  practices,  they,  too,  may 
be  considered  exposed  if  not  doomed  to  early 
destruction. 

As  warrant  for  these  dire  predictions  our 
star-gazers,  referring  to  history,  find  that  the 
world  was  afflicted  in  the  manner  here  por- 
tended on  every  o'  currence  of  these  planetary 
conjunctions  in  the  past.  Never  have  these 
orbs  been  in  perihelion,  or  even  so  many  as  two 
or  three  of  them,  without  bringing  upon  our 
race  these  overshadowing  disasters.  It  was 
so  in  the  year  542,  and  again  1065,  when  two 
of  these  malignant  planets,  Mars  and  Saturn, 
were  coincident;  and  why  should  not  like  con- 
ditions now  be  attended  with  like  effect;  or 
rather,  why  should  not  these  effects,  when  there 
are  three  of  these  planets  conjoined,  be  even 
greater  now  than  then.  Shall  we  not  be  in- 
structed by  history  and,  admonished  by  the  sad 
experience  of  past  ages,  hasten  to  adopt  such 
measures  as  may  seem  best  calculated  to  protect 
ourselves  against  these  impending  calamities. 
Nay,  they  are  not  merely  impending  :  some  of 
them  have  arrived;  they  are  beginning  to  pre- 
cipitate themselves  upon  us.  In  the  plague 
now  prevailing  in  Russia,  we  have  a  presage  of 
their  early  coming,  if  not  tangible  evidence  of 
their    actual    presence.     That    disease    is  the 


avant  courier  of  the  multitudinous  ills  with 
which  we  shall  be  visited.  It  was  a  godsend, 
this  plague,  to  these  vaticinators  of  evil.  Com- 
ing so  timely  it  imparted  to  their  forebodings 
an  air  of  probability,  and  has  since  helped  to 
keep  them  in  countenance  with  the  ignorant 
and  credulous  public,  if,  indeed,  its  appearance 
did  not  suggest  to  them  the  idea  of  assuming 
the  prophetic  role  as  they  have  done.  In  the 
partial  diminution  of  this  dread  disease  these 
astrological  savants  must  see  cause  for  alarm,  as 
tending  to  impair  confidence  in  their  predictions 
and  so  diminish  their  stock  in  trade. 

The  followers  of  these  "star-gazers"  are  apt 
to  be  numerous,  including  that  large  claBS  of 
quid-nuncs,  simple  and  emotional,  who  love 
the  horrific,  believe  in  signs  and  consult 
fortune  tellers,  who  for  a  small  fee  are  ready  to 
inform  them  that  "it  'pears  like"  something 
dreadful,  good  or  bad,  is  about  to  happen. 
These  emotionals  are  fond  of  the  dire  and  wo- 
ful,  provided  always  the  woes  decreed  have 
been  allotted  not  to  themselves  but  to  others. 
>low  this  proclivity  to  consult  the  future  and 
sup  on  the  supernatural  and  horrible  is  a 
constitutional  infirmity  with  many  people,  and 
they  are  not  to  be  blamed  for  its  existence  or  for 
seeking  ways  and  means  for  its  gratification. 
Yet,  as  it  is  not  a  healthful  or  rational  pro- 
pensity, and  its  indulgence  has  a  mischievous 
tendency,  it  is  the  duty  of  the  press  not  to 
encourage  it,  nor  minister  to  its  indulgence; 
but,  on  the  contrary,  to  labor  for  its  suppression, 
informing  these  misguided  people  how  little 
cause  there  is  for  alarm. 

In  the  first  place  it  should  be  remembered 
how  these  prognostications  about  the  world 
coming  to  an  end  at  a  fixed  time,  and  all  similar 
predictions  as  uttered  in  our  pwn  day,  have 
proved  entire  failures.  Then  mankind  are 
prone  to  believe  that  the  ills,  incident  to  the 
present  time,  are  peculiar  and  greatly  in  excess 
of  those  suffered  by  preceding  generations. 
Hence,  the  wars  and  famines,  the  fires  and  floods 
of  to-day,  are  regarded  as  something,  excep- 
tional and  pointinglto  some  signal  catastrophe  in 
which  they  are  all  to  culminate.  With  the 
astrologer,  these  multitudinous  misfortunes  are 
to  reach  consummation  with  the  conjunction  of 
the  planets.  With  the  religion  enthusiast,  this 
will  take  place  on  the  second  coming  of  the 
Messiah,  with  the  Aztec  when  Motezuma 
returning  shall  deliver  his  people  from  the 
thrall  of  the  conqueror,  and  with  the  Latter  Day 
Saints  when  Joseph  Smith,  or  some  other 
prophet,  reappears  on  earth  in  bodily  form  once 
more.  Now  these  things  are  believed  in  by 
millions  of  people,  some  of  whom  have  been 
awaiting  for  these  events  to  transpire  for  genera- 
tions and  even  centuries;  and  notwithstanding 
the  non-fulfillment  of  these  predictions,  their 
faith  in  them  remains  fervid  and  steadfast. 

Difficult  as  it  is  to  disabuse  their  minds  of 
these  impressions,  it  is  still  the  duty  of  all  who 
occupy  anything  like  the  position  of  public 
teachers  to  inform  this  claBS  of  persons  that 
there  is  little  or  nothing  to  justify  their  appre- 
hensions. The  truth  in  regard  to  these  plane- 
tary bodies  is,  that,  while  they  probably  always 
exercise  some  influence  upon  the  earth  and  its 
inhabitants,  this  influence  is  exerted  through 
the  sun,  and  iB  no  greater  at  one  time  than 
another.  While  they  are,  when  in  perhelion, 
nearest  the  sun,  they  may  be,  and  generally  are, 
the  farthest  from  the  earth,  which  ought, 
therefore,  to  be  less  affected  by  them  at  such 
time  than  any  other.  Now,  the  sun  is  so  many 
million  times  larger  than  these  planets  all  put 
together  that  any  effect  they  can  have  upon  that 
luminary,  even  when  nearest  to  it,  muBt  be 
small,  indeed.  The  earth,  in  making  its  annual 
circuit  round  the  sun,  comes  at  some  points  in 
itB  path  3,000,000  miles  nearer  to  that  orb  than 
at  others,  and  yet  we  are  not  sensibly  affected 
by  this  greater  nearness.  Though  Jupiter  is 
12  times  larger  than  our  earth,  it  is  composed  of 
matter  so  much  more  etherial  that  its  powers  of 
attraction  are  barely  12  times  greater  than  those 
of  our  planet,  the  power  exerted  by  this  force 
being  directly  as  density  and  inversely  as  dis- 
tance. What  is  true  of  Jupiter  is  true  also  of 
Saturn,  this  disparity  between  the  latter  and 
the  earth  being  still  greater.  These  two  are 
much  the  largest  planets  in  the  solar  system, 
and  if  their  influence  upon  the  sun,  and  through 
it  upon  the  earth,  is  likely  to  be  so  little,  how 
intinitesimally  small  must  be  the  influence  so 
exerted  by  these  lesser  planets.  So  little 
density  have  these  orbs  and  such  distances  are 
they  at  all  times  from  the  earth  that  their 
effects  upon  the  latter  must  be  inappreciably 
small. 

Let,  therefore,  all  who  have  been  alarmed 
dismiss  their  fears  upon  this  point.  There  are 
plenty  of  good  reason  apart  from  this  appre- 
hended scourge  why  people  should  take  measure 
for  the  better  preservation  of  their  health,  and 
one  would  almost  feel  warranted  in  terrifying 
them  into  some  amendment  of  their  present 
beastly  habits,  were  it  not  that  upon  the  re- 
moval of  the  cause  they  would  probably  relapse, 
and  as  an  excuse  for  so  much  self-abstinence 
plunge  at  last  into  greater  excesses  than  ever. 
It  would,  therefore,  be  as  well  for  the  masses 
perhaps  to  turn  a  deaf  ear  to  these  portentious 
forebodings,  get  rid  of  their  fears  and  live  on  as 
before.  The  dread  of  disease,  if  it  do  not  in- 
vite, has  a  tendency  to  lay  the  human  system 
open  to  its  attacks.  Excessive  fright  has  been 
known  to  bring  maladies  upon  those  who  would 
no  doubt  otherwise  have  escaped.  We  have  all 
far  less  to  fear  from  this  approaching  conjunc- 
tion of  the  planets  than  from  our  own  excesses 
and  manifold  evil  habitB,  which  are  depopula* 
ting  the  world  more  rapidly  than  has  ever  been 
done  by  the  Black  or  any  other  plague. 


March  29,  1879.J 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


201 


New  Problems  in  Mensuration. 

[Bead  before    the    California    Academy  uf    Sciences   by 
Prui\  Geokok  Davipsos,  Hanh  3d,  1S79.J 

The  following  problems  form  a  continuation 
of  the  series  communicated  in  part  to  the  Jour- 
nal of  the  Franklin  Institute,  in  18UG,  and  to  the 
California  Academy  of  Sciences,  in  1872  and 
1873.  These,  and  others  to  be  presented,  were 
completed  in  1874,  but  a  pressure  of  duties  has 
prevented  their  being  brought  to  the  notice  of 
the  Academy. 

XIII.  Given  the  height  h  and  the  base  b  of  a 
plane  triangle  (Fig.  XIII.)  redetermine,  in  terms 
of  the  given 
height  and 
base,  the  con- 
aecutiv  e 
heights  and 
bases  of  simi- 
lar but  hollow 
triangles  with 
ft  central  tri- 
angle (having 
equal  areas 
with  each 
other)  into 
which  the  giv- 
en triangle  is 
required  to  be 
divided. 

To  divide  the  given  triangle  into  n  hollow 
triauglea  and  central  triangle,  let  h  the  height, 
and  b  the  base;  x,  y,  2,  etc.,  the  consecutive 
heights;  x't  y\  z,  etc.,  the  consecutive  bases  of 
the  required  hollow  and  central  triangles; 
(w— 1)  and  w  the  last  two  heights,  and  {10' — 1) 
and  "•'  the  last  two  baBes;  then 


triangle,  as  in  problem  XIV.  into  any  number  of 
similar  hollow  triangles  having  equal  areas  with 
each  other,  it  is  required  to  determine,  in  terms 
of  the  given  heights  and  bases,  the  consecutive 
heights  and  bases  of  the  required  similar  hollow 
triangles  formed  outside  the  given  hollow  tri- 
angle, each  additional  hollow  triangle  having 
equal  area  with  the  given  sub-divisions.  (Fin. 
XVI.)  * 

Suppose  the  given  hollow  triangle  is  sub- 
divided into/>  similar  hollow  triangles  of  equal 
areas  with  each  other  ;  and  that  there  are  re- 
quired n  exterior  simdar  hollow  triangles  of 
equal  areas  therewith,  then  let  h'  equal  the 
height  and  b'  equal  the  base  of  the  outer  given 
triangle,  and  h  equal  the  height  and  b  equal  the 
base  of  the  inner  given  triangle  ;  let  o',  0",  o'", 


Pay   Chutes    in    the    Comstock    Lode. 

Editors  Pre*s:— On  the  13th  of  May,  1870*, 
you  published  a  communication  from  me  pre- 
senting a  theory  of  the  division  of  the  Comstock 
lode  into  pay  chutes  and  barren  chutes,  my  reasons 
for  it,  and  an  engraving  of  the  lode,  showing 
the  large  bodies  of  rich  ore,  and  the  situation 
of  the  supposed  chutes.  In  the  three  years  that 
have  elapsed  since  that  date,  $25,000,000  have 
been  expended  iu  exploring  the  lode,  and  all 
the  additional  evidence  goes  to  strengthen  the 
I  theory.     The   ore    bodies  found   in  the   Sierra 


SO  19     18      17  16     15    1!»         13  IS  11         10  9  8  7  C 

DIAGRAM    SHOWING    PAY    CHUTES    IN    COMSTOCK    LODE. 


n 

n 

y2 

[n— 2)*3 

11 

y'i. 

_  (n— 2)62 
n 

etc., 

etc., 

etc., 

etc. 

(to 

-1)2 

n 

w 

-1)2 

=  2&2 
n 

w2 

_  ;'2 
n 

K/2 

_  &2 
n 

XIV.  Given  the  heights  h,  h',  and  the  bases 
b,  0',  of  a  hollow  triangle  with  parallel  sides 
(Fig.  XIV)  to  determine  in  terms  of  these 
heights  and  bases,  the  consecutive  heights  and 
bases  of  the  similar  hollow  triangles  having 
equal  areas,  into  which  it  is  required  to  sub- 
divide  the  given  hollow  triangle. 

To  divide  it  into  n  hollow  triangles  let  h' 
equal  the  height,  and  b'  equal  the  base  of  the 
outer  triangle  ;  h  equal  the  height  and  b  the 
base  of  the  inner  triangle  ;  x,  y,  z,  etc,,  the 
consecutive  heights;  x'  y,  z',  etc.,  the  consec- 
utive bases  (both  reckoned  from  A',  b'};  (w — 1) 
and  w  the  last  two  heights,  and  (vf — J)  and 
w\  the  last  two  bases;  then 

x2  -  J_((»— DVh'  +  bh) 
b'{  n  j 

b'({nr-l)b'h'  +  bh) 


K  f(»— 2)b'h!  +  1bh) 


*=£{ 


M  '-  JLS  [n~2)b'h'+1bh\ 
V  h'\  n  j 

etc.,  etc.,  etc. 

...       V  (26' ft'  +  (»— 2)6A) 

=  6'  (2  6'ft'+(n-2)6ft) 


(W— 1)2 


_  K_  f  b'h'+  (w— 1)6  ft  I 
~  b'  \  n  ) 

m       b'  (b'h  +  (nr-1)  6  h\ 
h'  C  n  ) 

XV.  Having  sub-divided  the  given,  hollow 
triangle,  as  in  problem  XIV.,  into  any  number 
of  similar  hollow  triangles  of  equal  areas  with 
each  other,  it  is  required  to  determine,  in  terms 
of  the  two  given  heights  and  bases,  the  consecu- 
tive heights  and  bases  of  the  required  similar 
hollow  triangles  formed  inside  the  given  hollow 
triangle,  each  hollow  triangle  having  equal  areas 
with  the  given  sub-divisions.     (Fig.  XV.) 

Suppose  the  given  hollow  triangle  is  sub- 
divided into  p  similar  triangles  of  equal  areas 
with  each  other  ;  and  that  there  are  required  n 
interior  similar  hollow  triangles  of  equal  areas 
with  the  foregoing;  then  let  A'  equal  the  height 
and  6'  equal  the  base  of  the  outer  given  tri- 
angle ;  h  equal  the  height,  and  b  equal  the  base 
of  the  inner  given  triangle  ;  and  let  £',  i",  if", 
etc.,  represent  the  consecutive  heights,  i',  i",  i'", 
etc.,  the  consecutive  bases  of  the  required  tri- 
angles reckoned  from  h  and  6  ;  and  [w — 1)  and 
w  the  last  two  heights,  and  (w, — 1)  and  to'  the 
last  two  bases  ;  then  the  base  and  height  of  the 
nth  inner  one  are 


and, 


b  {  {n  4-  p)  b  h  — n  b'  h'  \ 

%  n  ~  hi  P  5 


h  \   n+p)  bh — nb'  h' 


n        b  (  p  ) 

XVI.     Having  sub-divided  the  given  hollow 


etc.,  represent  the  consecutive  heights,  and 
0',  0",  0'",  etc.,  the  consecutive  bases  of  the  re- 
quired triangles  reckoned  from  h'  ;  and  (w — 1) 
and  w  the  last  two  heights,  and  (w' — 1)  and  w, 
the  last  two  bases  ;  then  the  base  and  height  of 
the  71th  outer  triangle  are, 

0  ~       _y  )  {n  +  p)b'  h'—n  bh  ) 
*A'J  d  ~\ 

and 

rt2       h'  \  {n+pW7i'—nbh\ 

11   "v! Z 1 


Rolling  Wheat  to  Market. — A  new  idea 
is  advanced  in  our  Chicago  exchanges  which 
amounts  to  literally  rolling  the  grain  into  the 


Fig.  XIII. 


Nevada  and  Alta  come  within  the  limits  of  pay 
chutes  not  shown  in  my  diagram  made  in  1S7G, 
but  contribute  to  confirm  the  principles  on  which 
it  was  constructed. 

The  acompanyiug  engraving,  based  on  the 
map  drawn  by  Mr.  Parkinson,  several  years 
since,  is  intended  to  show  a  vertical  section  of 
the  lode,  drawn  on  a  scale  of  2,000  feet  to  the 
inch,  as  seen  in  imagination  from  the  east  look- 
ing westward.  The  base  line  iB  3,000  feet  below 
the  level  of  the  Gould  &  Curry  mill;  the  top 
line  follows  the  level  of  the  surface  where  the 
main  works  were  originally  established.  The 
little  marks  at  the  base  line  indicate  the  limits 
of  the  different  mines,  which  are  numbered 
consecutively    beginning    at    the    north.     The 


Fig.  XV. 


Fig.  XVI. 


NEW    PROBLEMS    IN    MENSURATION. 


markets.  It  consists  in  the  invention  of  a  cir- 
cular car,  6  feet  6  inches  in  diameter,  which 
does  away  almost  entirely  with  bearing  and 
friction  on  the  axle,  these  being  only  of  suffi- 
cient bearing  to  provide  simply  for  draft.  The 
tire  is  of  the  same  circumference  as  the  car, 
which  is  cylindrical,  and  rolls  directly  on  the 
track.  One  ton  weight  of  car  carries  three 
tons  weight  of  freight.  Under  the  old  system 
one  ton  weight  of  car  carries  one  ton.  It  has 
had  the  favora*ble  notice  of  railway  experts,  and 
if  it  proves  what  is  claimed  for  it,  will  revolu- 
tionize railway  carriage  in  some  important  di- 
rections, and  in  so  far,  of  course,  cheaper 
freights,  giving,  it  is  thought,  from  10  to  20 
cents  per  bushel  more  to  the  farmer  on  wheat, 
according  to  the  distance  carried,  than  he  now 
receives. 

Oregon  is  pressing  claims   for   damages  by 
Indian  wars. 


following  is  a  list  of  them   with  the  length   of 

each  in  feet. 

No-        Mine.  Feet. 

1.  Utah 1,000 

2.  Sierra  Nevada....  3,325 

3.  Union  676 

4.  Mexican 600 

5.  Ophir  076 

6.  California 600 

7.  Con.  Virginia  ....      710 

8.  Beat  &  Beicber. . .      536 

9.  Gould  &  Curry...      617 

10.  Savage 771 

11.  Hale  &  Norcross  .      400 
Between  the  Belcher  and  the  Alta,  a  distance 

of  about  3,000  feet,  I  have  not  put  down  the 
mines,  as  there  is  some  dispute  about  the  situa- 
tion of  the  vein.  I  confidently  believe  from  the 
character  of  the  ore  found  by  the  Alta  and  Jus- 
tice that  both  have  been  at  work  on  the  main 
Comstock  lode,  though  common  opinion  for  a 
long  time  placed  it  far  west  of  them. 
The  dark  portions  of  the  engraving  are  in- 


No 

Mine 

Feet. 

12. 

Ohollar 

.  1,400 

IS, 

Bullion 

.      943 

11. 

Exchequer 

.      400 

IS. 

Alpha 

.      306 

IB. 

.      685 

17. 

Yellow  Jacket  . 

.      957 

in. 

Kentuck  — .. 

93 

10, 

Crown  Point... 

.      541 

20. 

Belcher 

.  1,008 

21. 

.      600 

tended  to  represent  barren  chutes;  the  middle 
tint  shows  the  pay  chutes,  which  are  barren 
over  most  of  their  area,  and  yet  contain  all  the 
valuable  deposits;  the  light  color  indicates  the 
rich  ore  bodies;  and  the  white  lines  running 
down  from  the  surface  show  the  main  shaft. 

Five  pay  chutes  each  nearly  a  quarter  of  a 
milo  long,  horizontally,  appear  in  the  engraving, 
and  between  each  adjacent  pair,  there  is  a 
barren  chute  of  equal  size.  The  first  pay  chute 
commencing  at  the  north,  contains  a  body  of 
rich  ore  in  the  Sierra  Nevada  and  Union  mines, 
but  has  produced  neither  dividends  nor  any 
considerable  quantity  of  mineral  as  yet.  The 
second  pay  chute  discovered  at  the  surface  in 
18l>0,  was  very  profitable  for  three  years,  then 
I  yielded  nothing  for  10  years,  and  for  the  last 
five  years  has 
been  profita- 
ble. It  has 
paidtl4O,000- 
000,  gross,  to 
the  Mexican, 
Ophir,  Cali- 
fornia and 
Consolidated 
Virginia  com- 
panies. The 
third,  appear- 
in  g  in  the 
Gould  &  Cur- 
3 '  1  ry,  Savage, 

Hale  &  Nor- 
cross  and 
Chollar  mines,  lias  turned  out  $40, 000,000.  The 
fourth,  known  as  the  Gold  Hill  bonanza,  was 
worked  at  first  at  the  surface  as  a  gold  placer; 
then  mills  were  established  to  save  the  gold, 
losing  most  of  the  silver;  and  silver  mills  have 
succeeded  them.  The  ground  now  owned  by 
the  Imperial,  Yellow  Jacket,  Kentuck,  Crown 
Point  and  Belcher  has  produced  $90,000,000. 
The  fifth  pay  chute  has  yielded  several  millions, 
mostly  to  the  Justice,  but  has  paid  no  dividends. 
The  main  business  of  the  miner  for  the  pre- 
cious metals  is  to  find  the  ore,  and  to  do  that 
he  should  study  the  formation  of  the  veins,  by 
comparing  gangues,  ores,  walls,  and  diagrams 
showing  the  position  of  the  ore  bodieB.  Un- 
fortunately the  materials  for  such  a  study  are 
very  scanty.  MoBt  of  the  superintendents  ami 
engineers  seem  to  have  no  taste  for  the  collec* 
tiou  of  information  or  for  the  labor  of  writing 
up  for  publication  such  knowledge  as  forced  it- 
self upon  their  attention.  No  comprehensive 
essay  on  the  distribution  of  ore  in  the  gold  and 
silver  lodes  of  California  and  Nevada,  has  been 
printed;  and  careful  descriptions  of  the  miner- 
alogical  formation  in  even  the  richest  mines  are 
extremely  rare,  if  not  entirely  lacking.  There 
ib  a  question  whether  the  rules  deducible  from 
observations  taken  in  auriferous  quartz  are 
applicable  to  silver  lodes,  though  the  presump- 
tions are  in  favor  of  an  affirmative  answer, 
since  both  classes  of  mines  contain  the  same 
two  precious  metals,  in  varying  proportions. 
There  are  no  gold  mines  without  silver,  and  few 
silver  mines  without  gold. 

In  reference  to  gold  quartz,  we  know  that 
the  lines  between  the  pay  ore  and  the  barren 
gangue  in  rich  lodes  usually  run  in  nearly  par- 
allel directions  at  a  angle  of  not  less  than  30 
degrees  to  the  horizon,  dividing  the  vein  mat- 
ter into  pay  chute  and  barren  chute;  that  the 
ore  in  a  pay  chute  of  a  "milling"  vein  is  a  con- 
tinuous Dody;  that  the  ore  in  "pocket"  veins  is 
found  in  bunches  distributed  in  courses  which 
are  called  "pay  chuteB"  by  "pocket"  miners; 
that  if  there  are  several  pay  chutes  in  a  lode, 
they  usually  dip  in  the  same  direction  and  at 
the  same  angle  to  the  horizon;  that  the  wider 
and  richer  the  vein  and  the  more  uniform  the 
quality  of  the  ore,  the  longer  horizontally  are 
the  pay  chutes;  and  that  frequently  every  pay 
chute  has  some  peculiar  feature  enabling  old 
miners  familiar  with  it  to  distinguish  its  ores. 

Without  pretending  to  have  conclusive  evi- 
dence, and  partly  for  the  purpose  of  providing 
a  basis  for  investigation  and  discussion,  I  claim 
that  thos6  principles  apply  to  the  Comstock; 
that  all  the  facts  observed  in  working  that  lode 
are  in  harmony  with  them;  that  the  extensive 
and  costly  explorations  made  between  the  Utah 
and  the  Justice  inclusive — a  distance  of  more 
than  four  miles  in  the  last  19  years,  should  by 
a  hundred  chances  to  one  have  furnished  proof 
against  my  theory  if  it  did  not  apply  to  the 
Comstock;  and  that  when  the  proof  is  conclusive, 
one  practical  result  will  be  the  sa>ing  of  at 
least  §3, 000, 000  annually  in  the  cost  of  explora- 
tion. The  engraving  from  my  drawing — for 
which  I  do  not  claim  perfect  accuracy — is  in 
harmony  with  the  theory. 

Now  we  have  a  considerable  body  of  informa- 
tion about  the  distribution  of  the  ore  in  aurif- 
erous quartz  veins,  and  much  more  might  be 
collected  with  systematic  effort  by  half  a  dozen, 
industrious  and  intelligent  superintendents.  In 
large  and  rich  veins  it  is  observed  that  the  vein 
matter  is  divided  into  barren  gangue  and  pay 
ore;  that  the  ore  extends  in  a  pay  chute  in  a 
continuous  body,,  streak,  with  very  uniform 
direction,  dipping  downwards  from  the  surface; 
that  if  there  are  several  pay  chutes  in  one  vein, 
all  dip  at  the  same  angle  to  the  horizon;  that 
the  wider  and  richer  the  lode,  the  longer  hori- 
zontally are  the  chutes;  that  each  pay  chute  has 
usually  some  peculiar  feature  so  that  the  min- 
ers can  distinguish  its  ores  from  others;  and 
that  the  firBt  business  of  the  miner  is  to  under- 
stand the  size,  dip  and  character  of  the  pay  chute. 
I  think  I  have  said  enough  to  show  that  the 
distribution  of  ore  in  silver  mines  deserves  more 
attention  than.it  has  yet  received  from  our 
mining  community.  John  S.  Hittell, 


202 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[March  29,   1879. 


Mining  &  Scientific  Press 
Patent   Agency. 

PATENTS  obtained  promptly;  Caveats  filed  expeditiously 
Patent  re-issuea  taken  out;  Assignments  made  and  re- 
corded in  legal  form;  Copies  of  Patents  and  Assignments 
procured;  Examinations  of  Patents  made  here  and  at 
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Our  intimate  knowledge  of  the  various  inventions  of  this 
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abundantly  satisfy  our  patrons,  and  our  success  and 
business  are  constantly  increasing. 

The  ablest  and  most  experienced  inventors  are  found 
among  our  most  steadfast  friends  and  patrons,  who  fully 
appreciate  our  advantages  in  bringing  valuable  inven- 
tions to  the  notice  of  the  public  through  the  columns  of 
our  widely  circulated,  first-class  journals— thereby  facil- 
itating their  introduction,  sale  and  popularity. 

DEWEY  &  CO.,  Patent  Agents, 
Office— 202  Sansome  St.,  N.  E.  Cor.  Pine,  S.  F 

A.  T.  DEWEY.  W.  B.  EWER.  Q,  H.  STRONG. 

REGISTER     YOUR 

TRADE 


MARKS. 


The  U.  9.  Government  now  offers  greater  protection 
tBan  formerly  to  manufacturers  under  the  law  of  Trade 
Marks. 

Those  who  manufacture  a  superior  article,  or  put  up 
improved  packages  of  merchandise,  should  protect  them- 
selves from  imitations  by  registering  their  Trade  Marks. 

We  have  special  facilities  for  securing  full  rights  by  the 
registration  of  Trade  Marks,  and  our  terms  are  very  reas- 
onable. 

Consultations  free.  Many  dealers  have  missed  fortunes 
from  not  being  fully  informed  and  protecting  themselves 
in  their  rights. 

DEWEY  &  CO.,  Patent  Solicitors, 

No.  202  Sansome  Street,  S.  P. 
A.  T.  Dewey.  W.  B.  Ewer.  Geo.  H.  Strong 


Barlow  J.  Smith,  M.  D. 

Consulting-    Physician, 

Professor  of  Phrenology  and 
Mental  Hygiene. 

Proprietor  of  the  Smithsonian  Medical  and  Phrenologica 
Institute,  (535  California  Street,  above  Kearny. 

This  Institute,  by  combining  medical  hygiene  with  the 
various  Water  Cure  treatments  and  the  most  powerful  Elec- 
trized tEorseehoe  Magnet  in  the  world,  claims  to  cure  speed- 
ily ana  permanently  all  forms  of  acute  or  chronic  nervo- 
vital  derangements,  Brain,  Spinal  and  Heart  diseases,  St, 
Vitus  Dance,  Palsy,  Epilepsy  and  all  Rheumatic,  Liver  and 
Kidney  troubles.  The  institution  has  for  the  past  20  years 
made  a  specialty  of  treating  all  forms  of  weaknesses  and  dis- 
eases peculiar  to  males  and  females.  By  the  use  of  hygienic 
remedies  and  electro-motorpathy  the  worst  forms  of  impo- 
tency  and  seminal  weakness  in  males  and  sterility  in  fe- 
males are  speedily  and  permanently  overcome.  Hygienic 
board,  with  or  without  rooms.  Terms  moderate.  Electro- 
thermal, Russo-Turkis'h  and  Medicated  Baths   given  daily. 

Mrs.  Dr.  Smith  as  Matron  has  charge  of  the  female  bath- 
ing department. 

Dr.  Smith  has  practiced  Phrenology  the  past  30  years 
and  during  the  last  20  vears  has  been  constantly  using  the 
science  connected  with  Physiognomy,  in  examining  or  diag- 
nosing disease  in  this  city,  and  claims  to  have  made  discov- 
eries in  the  Science  of  Phrenology  that  enables  him,  by  an 
examination  of  the  head,  even  blindfolded,  to  determine  the 
disease  to  which  the  person  is  constitutionalJy  subject,  or 
whether  the  disease  at  the  time  afflicting  the  person,  is  the 
result  of  accident  or  hereditary  weakness  ;  whether  Con- 
sumptive, Dyspeptic,  Rheumatic,  Apoplectic,  Neu- 
kalOic,  liEucoRitH(EAL,or  Seminal.  Especially  does  the 
form  of  the  head,  indicate  the  strength  of  the  uterine,  geni- 
tal or  reproductive  system.  The  bead  is  also  an  index  of  the 
natural  strength  of  the  lungs,  heart,  stomach,  liver,  kidneys, 
spleen,  back  or  vertiibra,  and  it  determines  the  power  of  the 
system  iu  warding  off  and  overcoming  disease  of  all  kinds. 

Ladies  or  gentlemen,  desirous  of  obtaining  a  thorough  and 
correct  Phrenological  examinations  with  Eowler  and  Wells' 
harts,  will  meet  with  a  respecful  reception  at  his  consulting 
rooms.  Parties  can  depend  upon  a  reliable  delineation  of 
the  character  of  their  intimate  male  or  female  friends,  by 
presenting  a  clearly  defined  photograph. 

Phrenological  or  Physiognomical  examinations  without 
charts,  §1.50  ;  with  charts,  from  §2  to  §3. 

INVITATION  TO  INVALIDS 
And  all  persons  who  are  in  any  way  out  of  health,  who  de- 
sire to  know  the  nature  and  causes  of  their  disease,  may 
avail  themselves  of  an  examination  through  phrenology  in 
regard  to  health  free  of  charge,  between  the  hours  of  9a  m 
and  8  p.  m.    Sundays  from  9  a  m.  to  12  m. 

Engraving  done  at  this  office, 


SAVE    YOUR   GOLD! 

Highly  Important  to  Miners  and  Quartz  Mill  Men ! 

SILVER    PLATED    AMALGAMATING    PLATES. 

The  best  process  yet  discovered  for  saving  fine  or  float  gold.  Extensively  used  with  great 
success  in  gravel  and  placer  raining  in  various  parts  of  the  Pacific  Coast.  Over  five  hundred 
orders  have  been  filled,  and  the  demand  is  constantly  increasing.  A  large  number  of  these  Plates 
were  sent  to  Snake  Kiver  mines,  Idaho,  last  year,  and  a  great  many  orders  are  being  filled  for 
them  this  season.  Circulars  containing  full  instructions  for  working  these  Plates  sent  with  each 
order.  Old  Mining  Plates  bought  or  taken  in  exchange  for  new  Silver  Plated  Plates,  and  full 
value  allowed.  Gold  extracted  from  old  Plates  at  a  moderate  cost  by  a  new  and  economical  pro- 
cess.    Old  Plates  (which  often  contain  a  surplus  of  gold  above  the  cost  of  plating)  can  be  re-plated. 

With  the  most  extensive  facilities  on  the  Pacific  Coast,  orders  can  be  filled  very  promptly 
and  satisfaction  guaranteed. 

Mining  Men  and  the  public  generally  are  cautioned  against  unprincipled  and  irre- 
sponsible parties  traveling  through  the  country,  endeavoring  to  secure  orders  for  very 
inferior  qualities  of  Silver  Plated  Mining  Plates. 

SAN  FRANCISCO  GOLD,  SILVER,  NICKEL  AND  COPPER  PLATING  WORKS, 

Nos.   653  and  655  Mission  Street,    San  Francisco,   Oal. 
EDWARD   G.    DENNISTON,        -        -         -         -         -         -         -        PROPRIETOR. 


J.  THOMSON. 


C.  H.  EVANS. 


Thomson  &  Evans, 

(SUCCESSORS  TO  THOMSON  &  PARKER), 

Engineers    and   Machinists. 

110  and  112  Beale  Street,  San  Francisco. 


STEAM  PUMPS,  STEAM  ENGINES, 

Hoisting,    Pumping,   Quartz    Mill,   Mining, 
and  Saw  Mill  Machinery,  Specialties. 

Combined  Circulating  and  Air  Pumps  for  Surface  Condensers. 

o 

Also,  Vacuum  Pumps  for  Sugar  Refineries,  £tc« 

We  claim  superiority  for  our  Pumps  over  others  for  Simplicity,  Durability,  Certainty  of  Action,  and  Economy  in 
running-.  Every  part  is  substantially  made  and  easily  got  at.  There  are  no  Auxiliary  Valves,  Tappets^  Cams  or 
Complicated  and  Delicate  parts  to  get  out  of  order.    iGTPrice  List  on  application. 

PLANS    AND   SPECIFICATIONS    FOR    MACHINERY    FURNISHED. 

REPAIRING  PROMPTLY  ATTENDED  TO.  Rubber  Suction  Hose  Made  to  Order.  All  sizes  of  Gas  and  Tube 
Flanges  constantly  on  hand.    Also  Axle  Boxes  and  Nuts  of  all  sizes. 


ESTABLISHED  1S67. 

Edwin  Harrington 
&  Son, 

Manufacturers  of 

Extension  &  Gap  Lathes. 

FOOT    LATHES, 

Iron  Plainers,  Boring  Mills,  Center- 
ing and  Tapping  Machines, 

UPRIGHT  DRILLS, 

With  Geared  Heads,  Automatic 
Feed,  quick  return  to  Spindles; 
Multiple  and  Lever  Drills;  Black- 
smith and  Carriage  Makers*  Drills; 
Post  Drills  to  run  by  hand  or  power. 
Radial  Drills,  Suspension  Drills 
with  geared  head,  Automatic  Feed. 

PATENT 

Screw  Pulley  Blocks, 

Unrivalled  for  Durability,  Safety 
and  Power. 

N.  15th  St.  and  Pennsylvania  Av. 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 


1  ■  II  V%  Good  land  that  will  raise  a  crop  every 
I  II  R 1 1 1  year.  Over  14,000  acres  for  sale  in  lots  to 
I  JJ  IV  I  I  Buit.  Climate  healthy.  No  drouths,  bad 
|p  II  llU  floods,  nor  malaria.  Wood  and  water 
convenient.  U.  S.  Title,  perfect.  Send  stamp  for  illus- 
trated circular,  to  EDWARD  FRISBIE,  Proprietor  of 
Reading  Ranch,  Anderson,  Shasta  County,  Cal. 


J.  S,  PHILLIPS,  m.  e. 

Consulting  Engineer  I  Metallurgist, 
Examiner  of  Mines  and  Assayer, 

702    CALIFORNIA     STREET, 
Author  of—  -  *  m  « —     "  San  Fhancisco. 

The  Explorers',  Miners' and  Metallurgists' Companion, 

672  pages,  83  Illustrations,  (2d  Edition.)    Price $10  50 

The  Prospector's  "  Wee  Pet "  Assayer.  (Patented) 100  00 

The  Testing  Machine  for  Gold,  Silver,  Lead,  etc 40  00 

The  "Little  Wonder"  Self -calculating  Sample  and 

Fulton  Weigher,  (Patented) 25  00 

Blow-nipiats'  Pocket  Laboratory  of  Tools,  Fluxes,  etc.    50  00 

Vest  Pocket  Blowpipe 3  00 

CHARGES.— Assaying,  $3;  Testing,  §2  per  metal. 

Assaying  and  Testing  Taught. 


PRINTER'S   PROOF  PRESS, 

COMPLETE    AND    IN    GOOD    WORKING    ORDER, 

For  Sale  at  this  office, 
AT   THE    LOW    PRICE    OF   $37-50. 

iJgrCall  and  see  it.TS& 


FOR  SALE.  —  4-sided  6-inch  Molding1  Machine. 
Jackson's  Agricultural  Machine  Works,  S.  E.  corner  6th 
and  Bluxome  Sta.,  San  Francisco. 


uli&ipe$  birectory. 


WM.    BARTLING.  HENRY  KIMBALL 

BARTLING    &    KIMBALL, 
BOOKBINDERS, 

Paper  Rulers  &  Blank  Book  Manufacturers, 
505  Clay  Street,(southwest  corner  Sansome), 

BAN  PRAMCIBCO. 


Lewis  Peterson. 


Joun  Olsson. 


PETERSON   &.  OLSSON, 

Model  Makers,  and  Manufacturers  of  Em- 
blematic Signs.    Models  for  the  Patent 
Office,  in  "wood  or  Metal,  a  Specialty, 

NO-    328   BUSH   STREET, 

Bet.  Montgomery  and  Kearny,  (up  stairs),  San  Francisco. 
All  kinds  of  tin,  copper  and  brass  work  made  to  order. 


San  Francisco  Cordage  Company. 

Established    1856. 

We  have  just  added  a  large  amount  of  new  machinery  of 
the  latest  and  moat  improved  kind,  and  are  again  prepared 
to  fill  orders  for  Rope  of  any  special  lengths  and  siites.  Con- 
stantly on  hand  a  large  stock  of  Manila  Rope,  all  sizes: 
Tarred  Manila  Rope;  Hay  Rope;  Whale  Line,  etc  ,  eto. 
TUBBS  &  CO., 
611  and  613  Front  Street,  San  Francisco 


JOHN    A.    CHURCH, 
MINING    ENGINEER, 


COLUMBUS,  OHIO. 


C.    L.   GILLBR, 
SEAL    ENGRAVER    AND    DIE    SINKER, 

No.  430  MONTGOMERY  STREET,  S.  F. 

The  best  Work  done  on  the  moat  reasonable  terms  on 
the  Coast. 

TTSTTIR/Y"1! ! ! 

IT    PAYS 

Three  to  Four  Per  Cent,  per  day 

—  TO  — 

Cover  Boilers,  Pipes  and  Drums  with 


H.  W.J  OH  NS1  PATENT. 


*iaTERIALsT^ 


USB 


LiqUIS  PAINTS,  ROOFING,  BOILER  COVERINGS, 

Steam  Packing,  Sheathlngs,  Fire  Proof  Coatings,  Cements. 

SEND  FOR  SAMPLES,  ILLUSTRATED  PAMPHLET  AND  PRIOE  LIST. 

H.W.JOHNS  M'F'GCo.,  87MAIDEN  LANE.N.Y, 

PACIFIC  COAST  BRANCH, 

FICJSB  M.  TATBICK,  Manager, 

5  First  Street,  ■  San  Francisco. 


CAUTION 

To  Hydraulic  Miners. 

The  public  generally  and  Hydraulic  Miners  especially 
are  hereby  notified  that  any  parties  making  or  using  the 
contrivance  known  as  the  HOSKIN  DEFLECTOR  will  be 
prosecuted  To  the  full  extent  of  the  law,  said  machine 
having  been  declared  by  the  U.  S.  Circuit  Court  an  in- 
fringement upon  my  patent,  the 

Bloomfield  Deflecting  Nozzle. 

The  public  are  also  cautioned  against  using  the  Hoekin 
Deflector  because  of  its  danger  to  life  and  limb,  this  de 
vice  having  already  occasioned  several  deaths  and  other 
serious  accidents.  The  BLOOMFIELD  DEFLECTOR  is 
entirely  safe,  its  two  and  a  half  years  use  without  acci- 
dent, as  well  as  its  construction,  proves  it  to  be  a  reliable 
contrivance. 

Any  parties  wishing  to  purchase  the  right  to  use  these 
Deflectors  can  do  so  by  applying  to  the  undersigned, 

HENRY  C.  PERKINS, 
North  Bloomfield,  Nevada  Co.,  Cal.,  Octo- 
ber 1st,  1878. 


PALACE 
IESTAURAN 


T 


This  elegant  and  spa 
cioua  S.  F.  Restaurant 
has  been  re-opened  with 
superior  bill  of  fare  dai- 

Good  Living  at 
Reduced  Prices 

ly,  and  is  now  the  best 
andmost  popular  dining 
saloon  on  this  Coast. 
[Lunch  ready  at  10  a.  m.]  Resident  business  men  and  visi- 
tors from  abroad  will  he  wise  in  giving  this  place  an  early 
call.    Examine  bill  of  fare  and  prices. 

HERMAN  H.  HORST,  Prop'r, . 


218  Sansome  St. 


March  29,  1879. j 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


203 


Metallurgy  and  Oreg. 

Nevada    Metallurgical    Works, 

No    23    STEVENSON  STREET. 
Near  First  and  Market  Streets. 

Ore«  worked  by  any  process. 
Ores  sampled. 

Assaying  in  :ill  its  branches. 

Analysis  of  Ores,  Minerals,  Waters,  etc. 

WciHKI.NC  TESTS  MALE. 

Plans  furnished  for  t.tie  most  suitable   process 
(or  working  Ores. 

Special   attention   paid   to    Examinations   of 
Klines;  plana  and  reports  furnished. 
E.  HUHN, 

C.  A.  LUCKHARDT, 
Mining  Engineers  and  Metallurgists 


ELECTRIC   LIGHT. 

BRUSH     PATENT. 
The  Best,  Cheapest,  Cleanest,  and  Most  Powerful  Light  in  the  World, 

In  daily  use  at  the  Palace  Hotel  and  the  Union  Iron  Works,  S.  F. 


JOHN  TAYLOR  &  CO., 

Importers  of  mid  Dealers  In 

ASSAYERS'  MATERIALS, 

CHEMICAL  APPARATUS  AND  CHEMICALS,  DRUG- 
GISTS' GLASSWARE  AND  SUNDRIES,  Etc. 

512  &  518  Washington  St.,  San  Francisco 

Wo  would  call  the  special  aUcntim.  of  Assayere,  Cheni- 
iste,  Mining  Companies,  Milling  Companies,  Prospectors, 
etc  ,  to  our  Block  of  Clay  Crucibles,  Muffles,  Dry  Cups, 
eic  ,  manufactured  by  the  Patent  Plumbago  Cruci- 
Ible  Co  ,  of  London,  England,  f>.<r  which  we  have 
|gBP  made  Sole  Agents  for  the  Pacific  Coast.  Circulars 
■  with  prices  will  be  sent  upon  application. 
A  l*o,  lu  our  large  and  well  adapted  stock  of 

Assayers'  Materials  &  Chemical  Apparatus, 

I  Having  been  engaged  iu  furnishing  these  supplies  since 
■f  in  ,i  discovery  of  mines  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 

I  pit  Oar  Gold  and  Silver  Tables,  showing  the  value  per 
■  Troy  at  different  degrees  of  fineness,  and  valuable 
ublrn  fur  computation  of  assays  in  grains  and  grammes, 
will  be  sent  free  upon  application. 

JOHN    TAYLOR    &    CO. 


LEOPOLD   KUH, 

(Formerly  of  the  U.  S.  Branch  Mint,  S.  F.) 

Assayer    and    Metallurgical    Chemist, 

No.  611  COMMERCIAL  STREET, 
(Between  Montgomery  and  Kearny,) 

San  Fr  am  Cisco,  Cai, 

OTTOKAR  HOFMANN, 
METALLURGIST  and  MINING  ENGINEER, 

415  Mission  St.,  bet.  First  and  Fremont  Streets, 
SAN    FRANCISCO. 
*2TErection  of  Leaching    Works  a  Specialty. 
ASTLeachinir  Tests  made. 


TKOS.   PRICE'S 

Office    and    Chemical 
Laboratory, 

524  Sacramento  St..  S.  F. 


<J.  F.  Dketken.  Wm.  E.  Smith, 

PIONEER  REDUCTION  WORKS, 

Channel  Street,  off  foot  of  Fourth,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Highest  price  paid  for  Sulphurets  Arseniurets,  Tellurides 
and  Gold  Ores  generally. 

Careful  attention  paid  to  practical  working  tests  on  a 
large  scale  of  Gold-bearing  Quartz  and  ores  of  a  refractory 
and  aulphuretcd  nature. 

Will  examine,  report  on,  and  survey  mining  properties. 


METALLURGICAL    WORKS, 

STRONG    &    CO.,    IO  Stevenson   Street, 

ORES  SAMPLED,  TESTED,  ASSAYED. 


GU  I  DO      KUSTEL, 

MINING  ENGINEER  and  METALLURGIST. 

P.    O     Address;    ALAMEDA,     CAL. 

F.  MOORECROFT, 

Stone  Seal  Engraver 

THURLOW    BLOCK, 

Room  38,  126  Kearny  St. ,  Cor.  Sutter,  San  Francisco. 


Coats  of  Arms,  Crests,  Monograms  and  Ma- 
sonic Inscriptions  Carefully  Engraved. 


Cliewimtei^""" 

Awarded  highest  prize,  at  Centennial  Exposition  for 
fine  cheicing  qualities  and  excellence  and  lasting  char- 
acter of  sweetening  and  flavoring.  The  best  tobacco 
ever  made.  As  our  blue  strip  trade-mark  is  closely 
Imitated  on  inferior  good*,  see  that  Jackson's  Best  Ifl 
on  every  ping.  Sold  by  all  dealers.  Send  for  sample* 
tree,  to  0-  A.  Jacksos  &  Co.,  Mfrs.,  Petersburg,  Ml 

L.  &  E.  WERTHHEIMER,  Ag-'ts,  San  Francisco. 


Dewey  &  Co.  {jJS*} Patent  Ag'ts. 


Parties  desiring  Electric  Light  for  Halls,  Shops,  Docks,  Mills, 
Streets  and  Mines,  are  invited  to  send  us  full  particulars  regarding 
the  buildings,  rooms  or  places  to  be  lighted,  including  dimensions, 
character  of  walls  and  ceilings,  amount  of  available  power  and  its 
location,  amount  of  light  now  used,  character  of  work  being  done, 
length  of  time  light  will  be  needed  continuously,  etc. 

With  these  items  before  us,  we  will  make  a  proposition  to  furnish 
a  COMPLETE  OUTFIT  OF  ELECTRIC  LIGHT,  put  it  in  perfect 
working  order  and  guarantee  it8  success  and  permanence.     Address  all  communications, 

S.  F.  TELEGRAPH  SUPPLY  CO., 

WM.    KERR,    President, 

San   Francisco,   Cal. 


Ingersoll  Rock  Drills. 


In  use  in   the    largest   and  best 
Mines  of  the  Coast. 

HAS    AUTOMATIC  FEED. 

Has  less  Repairs. 

Is  Lighter  and  more  Easily  Ad- 
justed than  any  other  Drill. 
Our  DRY  AIR  COMPRESSORS  are  the  most  Economical  Compressors  in  the  Market. 

MINERS'  HORSE-POWER. 


This  Power  is  especially  adapted  to  working  mines,   hoist 
ing  coal  or  building  material,  etc.    It  will  do  the  work  of  a 
Steam  Engine  with  one-tenth  the  expense.     One   Horse  ca 
easily  hoist  over  1,000  pounds  at  a  depth  of  500  feet. 

The  Power  is  mainly  built  of  wrought  iron,  and  cannot  be 
;iit'i-i_:t  ■..'  I  by  exposure.  The  hoisting-drum  is  thrown  out  of 
gear  by  the  lever,  while  the  load  is  held  in  place  with  a  brake 
by  the  man  tending  bucket.  The  frame  of  the  Power  is 
bolted  to  bed-timbers,  thus  avoiding  all  frame  work.  When 
required  these  Powers  are  made  in  sections  for  packing. 


Machinery. 


PACIFIC  MACHINERY  DEPOT. 
H.    P.    GREGORY    &    CO., 

Cor.  California  &  Market  Streets.  S.  P.  Cal 

Importers  of  and  Dealers  in 

Machinery  of  all  Descriptions. 

SOLE  AGENTS  FOR  PACIFIC  COAST  FOR 

J.  A.  Fay  &  Co.'a  Woodworking  Machinery, 

Bement  &  Sons'  Machinists'  Tools, 

Blake's  Patent  Steam  Pumps, 

N.  Y.  Belting  &  Packing  Co.'s  Rubber  Goods 

Sturtevant  Blowers  and  Exhaust  Fans, 

Tanlte  Co.'s  Emery  Wheels  and  Machinery 

Payne's  Vertical  Engines  and  Boilers, 

Tudson's  Standard  Governors, 

Dreyfus'  Self  Oilers, 

Gould  Manufacturing  Co.'s  Hand  Pumpa, 

Piatt's  Patent  Fuse  Lighters, 

Lovejoy's  Planer  Knives. 

A    FULL    LINK  OP 

Belting,  Packing,  Hose,  and  Other 
Mill  and  Mining  Supplies  on  Hand. 

£2rSend  for  Illustrated  Catalogue. 


FOR    SALE. 


SEVERAL  SECOND-HAND 

PORTABLE   ENGINES, 

FOR  SALE  CHEAP. 

Sizes,  from  eight   horse-power   to  twenty-live  horse- 
power.    IN  PERFECT  RUNNING  ORDER.     Apply  to 

JOSEPH  ENRIGHT, 

San  Jose,  California. 


-^IrjSTEAM  ENCJWSj*:*- 

BERRY*  PLACE, 
— ►  SAN  FRANClSCO.CAL.-— 

—   CIRCULARS  SENT  FRF.CTO  ALL. 


REYNOLDS,   RIX   &   CO.,  18  &  20  Fremont  St.,  San  Francisco. 


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Address,  FKASEK.  CHALMERS  «Sfc  CO..  Chicago,  IU. 


D.  F    HUTCH1NGS. 


D.  M.  DUNNE. 


J.   SANDERSON 


IPHZCEHSTTIX    OIL    WORKS, 

HUT(OHINGS    &.    CO., 

OIL    and    COMMISSION    MERCHANTS, 

Manufacturers  and  Dealers  in  Sperm,  Whale,  Lard,  Machinery  and  Illuminating  Oils. 
517    FRONT    STREET     SAN    FRANCISCO. 


Mining     Books. 

Orders  for  agricultural  and  scientific  books  in  general 
will  be  supplied  through  this  office  at  published  rates. 


(CMm        BR.    LIBBEY, 

^Sffi?  DENTIST, 

N.   W.   Corner  Kearny  and  Geary  Streets,  ■ 
Entrance  on  Geary  Streeet,         SAU  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 


THE  IMPROVED  0'HARRA 

0HL0RIDIZING  FUENAOE. 

Patented  Sept.  lOtn,  1878. 

Now  in  Operation  at  the  Extra  Mining-  Co.'s 
Works,  Copper  City,  Shasta  Co.,  Cal. 

Two  men  and  two  cords  of  woad  roost 

Forty  Tons  of  Ore  in  Twenty-four  Hours, 

Giving-  a  full  chlorination  (100%)  at  a  cost  of  30  cents  per 
on.     Addross, 

O'HARRA    &    FERGUSON, 
Furnaceville,  Shasta  Co.,  Cal 
Or  CHAS.  W.  CRANE,  Agent, 

Room  10,  Safe  Deposit  Building,  San  Francisco. 


MANUFACTURED  BY 

ZE3I.   ROYER, 

Nob.  855,  857,  859  &  S01  Bryant  Street,  Cor.  Park  Avenue 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 

The    Miners9    Assay   Office, 

N.   E.   Corner  of  the   Plaza, 
PRESCOTT,       -      -      -       -       ARIZONA. 

Assays  of  Silver,  $1.50.     Gold  and  Silver.    §2.     Other  Ores 
at  corresponding  rates.    All  assays  guaranteed. 
Gold  and  Silver  melted  into  Bars.     Working  Tests  made. 
jtiTMineB  examined,  sales  negotiated,  etc. 

W.  H.   WILLISCRAFT, 
P.  O.  Box  153.  Prescott,  Arizoua. 


Pir-ritrncnilO     B^  E-  CON  KLIN,  Representative 
rll/lUlcat|Ue     0l  the  National  Associated  Press, 
A  r  I  7  n  II 3  ail(^  artist  and  correspondent  of 

"I  ltllll<t«  Frank  Leslie's  publications.     Be- 

iDg  the  result  of  Travels  and  Observations  in  Arizona  dur- 
ing the  fall  and  winter  of  1877.  Fully  illustrated.  Sent 
by  mail,  post-paid,  for  S2.  Address  DEWEY  &  CO., 
202  Sansome  Street,  S.  F. 


204 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS 


[March  2§,  1875. 


[Continued  from,  page  197-] 

GOOD  HOPE  DISTRICT. 

Promising  Mines.— Silver  State,  Mar.  22:  Four  or  five 
claims  are  being  worked  at  present,  and  many  others  have 
been  located.  The  principal  claims  are  the  Silver  Brick, 
Buckeye,  You  and  I,  and  Aurora,  from  each  of  which  fine- 
looking  ore  has  been  taken.  One  of  the  owners  of  the 
Silver  Brick  recently  returned  from  a  visit  to  his  mine, 
bringing  with  him  some  fine  specimens  of  horn  and  ruby 
silver.  It  was  found  in  a  crosscut  which  was  started  on 
the  60  level  of  the  mine,  and  is  said  to  be  an  average  sam- 
ple of  the  lec"ge.  No  assay  of  it  has  yet  been  received. 
Some  work  has  been  done  on  each  of  the  other  claims,  but 
not  enough  to  form  a  correct  idea  of  their  value. 

PARADISE  DISTRICT. 

Paradise  Valley  Mine.—  Silver  State,  Mar.  22:  The 
Bray  cut  has  been  driven  ahead  lt>£  ft,  all  in  first-claBS  ore. 
Face  of  this  cut  is  about  four  ft  wide,  which  assays  about 
3200  a  ton.  No.  2  has  been  advanced  nine  ft,  and  is  now 
in  121  ft.  Face  of  this  tunnel  continues  to  show  consider- 
able sulphurets.  No.  3  is  fretting  wider  and  is  looking 
considerably  better.  Eight  ft  has  been  made,  making  a 
total  length  of  148  ft.  Have  had  the  miners  from  this 
drift  doing  other  work  during  the  week;  hence  the  short 
distance  run.  In  the  open  cut  just  above  No.  3,  advance 
has  been  IS  ft.  Ledge  is  full  of  headers  crossing  at  right 
angles  to  the  veins.  These  veins  vary  in  richness.  Some 
are  nearly  all  ore,  while  others  are  not  so  good.  Course 
of  vein  nearly  due  south,  and  dips  to  an  angle  of  about  80° 
to  the  west.  Continue  to  ship  usual  amount  of  ore  to  Rye 
Patch  mill.     Last  two  carloads  assayed  S202  per  ton. 

The  Mount  Rose  — This  mine  is  developing  finely.  Mie 
main  shaft  has  attained  a  depth  of  60  ft,  and  is  being  sunk 
at  the  rate  of  two  and  one-half  ft  a  day.  The  crosscut  is 
in  45  ft,  and  what  is  known  as  the  east  drift,  70  ft.  This 
drift  is  in  good  milling  ore,  which  is  being  snipped  to  Tor- 
rey's  mill.  Very  rich  ore  is  now  being  found  in  the  mine. 
It  contains  wire  gold,  horn  silver,  and  bromide  of  silver, 
and  assayed  §10,000  to  the  ton  in  gold  and  silver.  Twenty 
men  are  now  employed  on  the  mine. 

The  Big  Prize. — This  company  is  taking  out  ore  right 
along,  employing  about  10  men.  The  mine  was  recently 
bonded  by  a  San  Francisco  company  for  a  short  time,  but 
the  owners  have  not  stopped  work  on  this  account,  and  do 
not  care  particularly  about  having  the  sale  consummated. 

ARIZONA. 

Globe  District. — Silver  Belt,  Mar.  14:  Rich  ore,  sul- 
phurets and  glance  has  been  struck  on  the  hanging  wall 
of  the  Buckeye  at  the  depth  of  235  ft.  The  vein  is  10  ft 
in  width,  containing  fair  milling  ore  from  wall  to  wall, 
with  a  two-ft  streak  of  very  high  grade  ore.  The  Pio- 
neer, property  of  Geo.  Scott,  is  developing  well;  has  a 
shaft  50  ft  in  depth  sunk  on  the  hanging  wall.  The  ledge 
■  has  not  been  cut  to  the  footwall,  hence  its  width  can  only 
he  guessed  at.  One  hundred  and  fifty  tons  of  §100  ore  is 
piled  upon  the  dump  awaiting  the  erection  of  a  mill  in 
that  vicinity.  In  the  Stonewall  230  level  good  ore  has 
been  struck  in  the  whole  face  of  the  drift. 

Silver  District. — Sentinel,  Mar.  15:  There  are  now 
over  90  men  in  Silver  district,  and  more  are  coming  in. 
Hughes'  shaft  is  now  down  over  50  ft,  in  first-rate  ore. 
The  Silver  Glance  is  turning  out  some  very  rich  rich  ore. 
An  accidental  strike  of  rich  ore  was  made  lately  in  the 
wash  north  of  Iron  Cap.  Some  of  the  boys  started  to  dig 
down  in  the  gravel  for  water.  Within  a  few  ft  they  struck 
a  seam  of  high  grade  ore,  of  which  several  sacks  were 
filled  that  same  day.  The  new  find  is  very  promising. 
Good  accounts  come  from  all  the  mines  up  there.  Nuggets 
or  ore  claimed  to  be  worth  §2  per  pound  are  being  washed 
out  of  the  gravel  north  of  the  Red  Cloud. 

IDAHO. 

The  Buckeye. — Silver  Reef  Miner,  Mar.  15:  The  mine 
in  its  workings  is  yet  in  its  infancy,  the  greatest  depth 
reached  as  determined  by  the  inclines,  not  being  above 
150  ft.  The  main  workings  are  on  or  near  the  south  &nd 
of  the  claim,  adjoining  the  Last  Chance,  and  in  a  distance 
of  300  ft,  five  inclines  have  been  sunk  by  chloriders. 
Those  parties,  after  taking  out  many  thousand  dollars' 
worth  of  high  abrade  ore,  through  the  transpiring  of  their 
leases,  retired  leaving  large  bodies  of  second  and  third 
grade  ore  in  sight,  and  the  rich  streaks  of  the  veins  from 
which  they  extracted  wealth  still  going  down.  At  the 
north  end  of  the  claim,  where  it  joins  the  Kenner  and 
Neutral,  it  is  being  prospected  by  three  shafts  sunk  by 
chloriders,  who  at  the  present  time  have  about  200  tons 
of  high  grade  ore,  worth  over  S160  to  the  ton.  In  the 
workings  of  Mr.  Archy  Florand,  Mr.  Branham  now  has  a 
number  of  men  employed  sinking  a  working  shaft  and 
putting  in  an  excellent  whim  for  raising  ores.  The  depth 
of  the  workings  at  this  point  are  about  120  ft,  and  a  large 
quantity  of  ore  of  various  grades,  ranging  from  §30  to 
$200  per  ton  is  in  sight.  It  is  the  design  to  work  this  part 
of  the  mine  in  a  systematic  manner,  and  there  is  no  doubt 
that  from  this  shaft  alone  sufficient  ore  can  be  extracted 
to  run  the  three-stamp  mill  which  does  the  crushing  for 
the  mine.  About  20  tons  of  ore  is  worked  per  day.  The 
Buckeye  needs  greater  milling  capacity.  If  the  owner 
would  put  up  a  five-stamp  mill  at  the  mine,  he  could  clear 
a  few  hundred  thousand  dollars  in  a  short  time.  Mr. 
Branham,  the  owner,  has  secured  a  patent  to  his  property. 
He  employs  at  present  28  miners,  and  there  are  about  a 
dozen  chloriders  still  at  work  on  the  Buckeye.  One  hundred 
men  could  be  profitably  employed  on  the  mine.  The  ore 
milled  from  the  Buckeye  has  averaged  §58  per  ton. 

Gambrinus  Items.  —  World,  Mar.  IS:  The  tunnel  started 
by  Wm.  O'Neil,  to  prospect  the  Forest  Queen  mine,  was 
started  on  the  ledge,  followed  20  ft,  and  then  discontinued 
on  account  of  a  heavy  rush  of  water.  A  depth  of  nine  ft 
was  obtained.  The  ledge  matter  is  eight  ft  wide,  four  ft 
being  in  quartz  and  the  remainder  stratas.  The  center 
streak  of  the  ledge  proper  is  from  six  inches  to  a  foot  in 
width.  From  this  the  best  prospects  are  obtained.  Mr. 
O'Neil  is  convinced  that  the  ledge  is  an  extension  of  the 
Magna  Charta.  The  indications  for  a  monstrous  mine  of 
richness  are  good.  The  surface  on  both  sides  of  the  ledge 
contains  gold,  which  is  a  splendid  indication.  Work  is 
going  on  in  the  Forest  King,  night  and  day.  A  depth  of 
125  or  130  ft  has  been  reached,  and  the  men  are  stoping. 
The  ledge  in  the  bottom  of  the  shaft  is  five  ft  wide,  and 
the  ore  good. 

MONTANA. 

Notes. — Miner,  Mar.  11:  Some  excitement  in  pros-* 
pectoris  circles  has  lately  been  caused  by  the  developments 
made  on  the  Silver  Shield  lode,  situated  close  to  the  North 
Star,  and  about  a  mile  north  of  the  Rainbow.  The  lode 
is  four  ft  wide,  and  carries  very  high  grade  free-milling 
ore,  some  of  it  ranging  as  high  as  300  ounces  per  ton. 
The  title  to  the  ground  is  in  dispute,  owing  to  repeated 
re-locations.  Messrs.  Nolan  &  Savery,  owners  of  the 
famous  Cable  mine,  have  resumed  work  in  the  Cameron 
tunnel  with  the  intention  of  extending  this  adit  to  the 
lode,  from  which  it  is  now  distant  500  ft.  The  present 
length  of  the  tunnel  is  650  ft.  It  will  reach  the  lode  90  ft 
below  the  lowest  workings.  A  month  ago,  in  beginning 
work  in  this  claim,  Messrs  N.  &  S.  concluded  to  run  some 
distance  further,  a  prospecting  drift,  following  the  lode, 
30  ft  from  the  surface.  The  tunnel  had  advanced  only 
four  ft  beyond  the  point  where  work  was  discontinued 
years  ago  when  a  body  of  high  grade,  free-milling  gold 
ore  was  reached.  At  present  over  100  tons  of  this  ore  is 
in  sight,  with  no  appearance  of  its  giving  out.  The  total 
expense  of  mining  and  milling  it  will  be  less  than  §5  per 
ton;  but  since  it  carries  an  average  of  §30  per  ton,  the 
value  of  the  strike  can  readily  be  comprehended.  A  great 
revival  of  mining  in  the  Cable  district  is  looked  for. 


In  the  rolling  mills  of  Pennsylvania  there  are 
2,187  puddling  furnaces,  and  in  the  rolling 
mills  of  the  whole  country  there  are  4,463. 


There  are  over  67,000  Sunday  schools  in  the 
country,  with  an  aggregate  attendance  of  3,000,- 
000  children. 


Arizona, — No.  2. 

Mining  in  the  Bradshaw  Mountains— Tiger 
District. 

About  two  miles  up  the  trail,  easterly  from 
the  Tiger  is  located  the  Oro  Bonito,  a  gold  mine, 
Mr.  W.  A.  D.  Daunes  being  the  superintendent, 
who  very  courteously  gave  us  all  the  informa- 
tion sought,  and  supplied  us  abundantly  with 
samples  of  the  ore;  in  fact  such  was  the  case 
at  all  the  mines  we  visited  with  the  exception 
of  the  Tiger  and  the  Peck.  Here,  for  reasons 
which  we  do  not  understand,  we  were  denied 
admittance.  One  would  suppose  that  the  Tiger 
interest  might  be  best  served  by  allowing  proper 
persons  at  proper  times  to  inspect  it;  as  to  the 
Peck,  time  and  those  who  control  and  manipu- 
late it,  will  tell  the  story  as  to  its  future  value 
as  a  dividend -paying  proposition.  They  have 
just  erected  upon  the  Oro  Bonito  property,  a 
Huntington  mill,  with  a  crushing  capacity  of 
about  10  tons  daily.  It  looks  well  but  has  not 
worked  satisfactorily  to  the  superintendent. 
The  ore  is  in  large  part  a  decomposed  and 
honey- combed  quartz,  carrying  free  gold  and  a 
considerable  percentage  in  silver.  They  have  in 
the  aggregate  368  feet  of  tunnel.  The  width  of 
the  vein  is  18  inches  to  three  feet  on  the  foot- 
wall,  and  on  the  hanging  wall  one  to  two  and  a 
half  feet.  In  No.  2  tunnel  the  vein  is  three  feet 
wide  in  the  face  of  the  tunnel.  Various  drifts 
and  winzes  have  been  run  in  addition  to  those 
already  mentioned.  The  cost  of  wood  here  is 
$7  a  cord,  on  a  contract,  delivered  at  the  mill. 
Water  is  obtainable  only  from  the  mine  at 
present,  and  in  sufficient  quantities  to  run  the 
works  12  hours  a  day;  but  it  is  expected  that  as 
they  get  in  on  the  tunnel,  water  in  abundance 
will  be  found. 

To  show  the  difficulty  of  transportation  in 
these  mountains,  it  is  said  to  have  cost  some 
$6,000  to  bring  the  machinery  for  the  Oro 
Bonito,  weighing  about  10  tons,  from  Walnut 
Grove,  a  distance  of  25  miles.  They  had  to 
build  their  road,  up  and  over  a  precipitous 
divide  and  down  a  very  steep  mountain  side 
into  the  canyon  where  the  Oro  Bonito  is  located, 
and  where  the  mountains  rise  up  at  a  very 
sharp  angle  on  either  side. 

Right  above  the  Oro  Bonito,  on  the  side  of 
the  mountain,  is  located  the  Gray  Eagle  mine. 
It  is  well  opened  and  has  500  or 
600  tons  of  ore  on  the  dump.  It  is 
free  gold,  carrying  a  liberal  percentage  of 
silver.  It  is  owned  by  Mr.  Richardson,  who 
has  a  contract  with  the  Hon.  C.  C.  Bean,  owner 
of  the  Luke  mill  in  the  Bradshaw  basin,  to  pack 
and  crush  300  tons  of  ore  for  him  at  $31  a  ton. 
The  ore  is  now  being  worked,  at  that  mill,  and 
I  predict  satisfactory  results.  He  gets  his 
water  for  the  mine  from  a  living  spring  in  the 
side  of  the  mountain.  The  mine  is  approached 
by  a  trail  from  the  Oro  Bonito,  which  is  almost 
perpendicular,  zigzaging  up  the  side  of  the 
mountain,  and  by  another  trail,  of  more  recent 
construction,  from  Luke's  mill  in  the  Bradshaw 
basin,  over  which  the  ore  is  packed  on  donkeys 
from  the  mine  to  the  mill,  a  distance  of  about 
five  miles.  This  mine  has  the  appearance  of  be- 
ing worked  by  a  man  who  knows  his  business. 
Everything  is  kept  snug  and  in  order;  no 
loose  ends  lying  about,  and  the  ore  is  worked 
clean  to  the  walls,  which  are  well  defined.  Mr. 
Richardson  lacks  capital  to  work  his  mine  to 
the  best  advantage,  and  would  like  to  interest 
some  one  with  him  who  could  furnish  the 
amount  of  money  necessary  to  enable  them  to 
work  it  so  as  to  obtain  the  best  results.  Wood 
and  water  are  abundant  for  milling  purposes. 
Pine  timber  abounds  in  some  parts  of  the  Brad- 
shaw range,  especially  in  the  Lynx  Creek,  Brad- 
shaw, Pine  Flat,  Hassayampa,  and  Big  Bug 
districts.  The  Gray  Eagle  vein  will  average 
three  feet  wide.  It  is  a  continuous,  well-de- 
fined ledge.  They  have,  I  think,  three  tunnels 
run  in  on  the  ledge  at  different  levels. 

The  Tiptop  mine  is  about  10  miles  across  the 
country  over  a  rough  trail  from  the  Gray  Eagle. 
It  has  produced  largely  of  bullion,  but  is  very 
expensive  to  work,  and  has  returned  no  margin 
of  profit  to  the  stockholders.  The  regular  ap- 
proach to  this  mine  is  by  the  Black  Canyon 
road  and  Gillette,  where  the  10-stamp  mill  of 
this  company  is  located,  some  eight  miles  from 
the  mine. 

There  are  other  mines  in  this  neighborhood, 
but  they  are  not  as  well  known  as  those  I  have 
named.  W.  H.  S. 


New  Incorporations. 

The  following  companies  have  filed  certificates  of  incor- 
poration in  the  County  Clerk's  office  at  San  Francisco: 

Noonday  M.  Co.— Object:  To  mine  in  Bodie  district 
Capital,  §10,000,000.  Directors— R.  C.  Hooker,  George  R, 
Root,  William  J.  Taylor,  G.  A.  Holden  and  William  B. 
Carr. 

Bondurant  G.  &  S.  M.  Co.— Object:  To  operate  gener- 
ally. Capital,  §2,500,000.  Directors— W.  B.  Ewer,  G.  C 
Fowler,  E.  T.  Bacon,  J.  G.  McCall,  A.  P.  Bacon,  G.  L. 
Connor  and  W.  H.  Murray. 

Monte  Curisto  Con.  M.  Co.— Object:  To  operate  in 
Mono  county.  Capital,  §10,000,000.  Directors— J.  D. 
Thompson,  J.  M.  McDonald,  Clinton  Gurnee,  L.  Shores 
and  B.  F.  Bevins. 

Brophy  M.  Co. — Object:  To  operate  in  Storey  county, 
Nevada.  Capital,  §10,000,000.  Directors— F.  Tagliabue, 
Victor  Fernbach,  James  M.  Wilde,  Thomas  H.  Lawler  and 
George  B.  Merrill. 

Street  &  Blanche  M.  Co.~Capital,  §10,000,000.  Direc- 
tors—L.  L.  Robinson,  D.  F.  Verdenal,  Thomas  Street.  F. 
Tagliabue  and  Thomas  H.  Lawler.  i 

Armstrong  G.  M.  Co.— Object:  To  work  in  Butte 
county.  Capital,  §500,000.  Directors— J.  S.  Rawlins,  C. 
Stevens,  P.  Amiraux,  J.  W.  Pew  and  William  Armstrong.  I 


High.  Explosives. 

We  have  received  a  pamphlet  issued  by  the 
California  Powder  Company,  manufacturers  of 
Hercules  powder,  in  which  is  given  decisions  of 
the  English  and  United  States  Courts  in  the 
litigation  concerning  the  right  to  use  nitro- 
glycerine as  an  explosive  when  mixed  with  cer- 
tain other  substances.  The  Giant  Powder 
Company,  owners  of  the  Nobel  patents,  sued 
the  Hercules  Company  for  infringement  on 
their  rights,  and  there  has  been  a  fight  between 
the  companies  for  a  long  time.  The  pamphlet 
in  question  refers  to  the  whole  matter,  gives 
those  decisions  of  the  American  and  English 
Courts  which  have  been  adverse  to  the  Nobel 
patents,  and  points  out  the  imperfections  of 
said  patents.  We  have  not  the  space  to  relate 
the  circumstances  of  the  litigation,  but  thpse 
interested  can  no  doubt  procure  the  pamphlet 
on  application.  Suffice  it  to  say,  that  the  Cali- 
fornia Powder  Company  continues  to  manufac- 
ture and  sell  large  quantities  of  Hercules  pow- 
der, which,  judging  from  the  sales,  must  give 
satisfaction  to  the  consumers. 

The  advantages  claimed  by  the  manufac- 
turers, in  their  pamphlet,  are  as  follows: 

"Hercules  powder  is  the  strongest,  safest  and 
most  effective  of  all  nitro -glycerine  powders. 
The  No.  1  brand  has  the  following  composition: 
Carbonate  of  magnesia,  23%;  nitro-glycerine, 
77%.  Carbonate  of  magnesia  is  by  far  the  best 
absorbent  of  nitro-glycerine.  Although  we  add 
but  77%  nitro-glycerine,  yet  there  would  be  no 
difficulty  in  making  it  absorb  80%,  but  in  order 
to  make  our  powder  perfectly  safe  we  deem  it 
prudent  to  stop  at  this  point.  In  addition  to 
the  great  absorbing  power  of  carbonate  of  mag- 
nesia, it  has  several  other  valuable  properties. 

"1st.  The  power  it  has  of  neutralizing  any 
free  acid  that  may  have  been  left  in  the  nitro- 
glycerine, thus  rendering  the  powder  absolutely 
safe  and  not  liable  to  spontaneous  decomposi- 
tion and  consequent  explosion. 

"2d.  Theuniformity  of  composition — free  from 
grit  or  any  other  inherent  quality  capable  of 
exploding  the  powder. 

"3d.  The  carbonate  of  magnesia  itself  adds 
to  the  strength  and  power  of  the  powder,  since 
58%  of  it  becomes  converted  into  the  gaseous 
form  during  the  explosion  of  the  absorbed  nitro- 
glycerine. 

"4th.  During  the  explosion  of  free  nitro- 
glycerine, or  nitro-glycerine  absorbed  by  other 
porous  bodies,  compounds  are  formed  which 
cause  headache  and  other  serious  inconveniences 
to  the  workmen.  Such  is  not  the  case  with 
Hercules,  as  the  carbonate  of  magnesia  neu- 
tralizes all  such  injurious  products. 

"5th.  The  uniform  character  of  carbonate  of 
magnesia,  which  is  a  chemical  preparation,  en- 
ables us  to  manufacture  a  powder  having 
always  the  same  percentage  of  nitro-glycerine 
and  never  over-saturated,  thus  rendering  spon- 
taneous explosions  and  premature  blasts  im- 
possible. " 


Notes  on  Beet  Sugar. — The  proposed  re- 
suscitation of  the  Alvarado  Beet  Sugar  works 
shows  that  the  beet  sugar  industry  in  this  State 
has  some  life,  in  spite  of  the  many  obstacles  and 
hindrances  which  it  has  encountered.  It  may 
be  mentioned  also  that  the  subject  is  reviving 
in  the  Eastern  States  and  in  the  province  of 
Canada,  where  experiments  are  being  pushed 
under  government  patronage.  The  State  of 
Maine  is  also  enjoying  the  prospect  of  profitable 
production.  We  find  several  points  of  interest 
in  the  report  of  the  first  season's  run  in  Maine. 
On  the  21st  day  of  October  the  company  began 
the  work  of  manufacturing  sugar  from  beets, 
and  within  nine  days  after  having  the  first  beet 
go  into  the  machinery,  the  company  turned 
out  all  grades  of  sugars,  from  standard  granu- 
lated to  common  concrete  or  melado,  94,467 
pounds.  The  quantity  of  beets  consumed  to 
produce  this  amount  of  sugar  has  been  450  tons, 
and  as  they  were  used  with  tops  and  even 
dirt  on,  many  having  rotten  leaves  adhering 
to  them,  it  must  be  admitted  that  the  result  so 
far  obtained  has  been  fully  as  good  as  in  the 
best  sugar  manufacturing  countries,  and  better 
than  in  France.  It  is  one  of  the  peculiarities 
of  the  American  beet  that  the  heads  or  leaf- 
crown  contain  almost  as  much  sugar  as  the  beet 
itself,  and  more  than  the  average  beet  of  France. 
A  drying  establishment  has  been  erected  in 
the  most  northern  part  of  the  State  of  Maine, 
where  the  beets  have  been  sliced  and  kiln-dried 
preparatory  to  transporting  them  to  the  sugar 
factory  in  Portland. 

Since  the  United  States  Supreme  Court  de- 
cision in  the  Reynolds  case,  it  is  estimated  that 
200  polygamous  marriages  have  taken  place  in 
Salt  Lake  and  St.  George. 


California,  for  the  first  time  since  her  ad- 
mission to  the  Union,  was  unrepresented  in  the 
House  of  Representatives  at  the  opening  of  the 
special  session. 

At  a  school  district  meeting  in  Washington 
county,  Oregon,  the  chairman  ruled  that  women 
are  not  citizens  of  the  United  States. 


ATENTSAND  INVENTIONS. 


Foreign  Patents  for   Pacific  Coast  In- 
ventors. 

The  following  foreign    patents    have    been 
issued  to  residents  of  this  coast: 
Canadian. 

8,312. — Manufacture  of  Bungs — F.   A.   Howig,  S.  P 
January  21, 1878. 

8,338.— Snow  Plows— Geo.  Royal,  Truckee,  Cal.    Janu- 
ary 22,  1S78. 

8,353.— Clock— W.  A.  Cates,  Union,  Ogn.    Jan.  26, 1878, 

8,457.— Pantaloons— J.  W.  Davie,  S.  F.     Feb.  23, 1878. 

8,486.— Wheels  for  Vehicles— T.  H.  King,  S.  F.    Feb- 
ruary 28,  1878. 

8,489.— Washing  Machine— T.   Austin,  Virginia  City, 
Nev.     March  4, 1878. 

8,512  —  Anti-Friction   Bearing—  T.    H.    King,   S.    F. 
March  8, 1878. 

8,715.— Fruit  Drier— W.  S.  Plummer,  Portland,  Ogn, 
April  30, 1878. 

8,744.— Device   for    Clearing    Switches  —  G.    Royal, 
Truckee,  Cal.     May  2,  1878. 

8,994. — Scrubbing  Machine— A.    F.    Stockley,    Bibhop 
Creek,  Cal.     July  10,  1878. 

English  Patents 
Which  have  passed  the  great  seal: 

4,567.— Portable  Sawing  Machine  and  Trbk  Feller— 
Wm.  H.  Smyth,  S.  F.     January  10,  1879. 

3,677.  —Door  Knob— J.  F.  Peacock  and  J.  J.  Zook,  Reno, 
Nevada.    February  21,  1879. 

German. 

4,013.— Adjustable  Ram  for  Ram-Boats  and  Ships— 
D.  McColgan,  S.  F.     May  30,  1878. 

4,592. —Modifications  in    Brekch-Loaderb  —  W.  B» 
Finch,  Eureka,  Cal.,  and  H.  P.  Fletcher,  S.  F.  Aug.  17,  '78. 


Fifty  Million  feet  of  logs  are  jammed  in 
the  Elk  river,  near  Eureka,  Humboldt  county, 
for  a  distance  of  eight  miles  up  the  stream. 

The  London  Chamber  of  Commerce  has 
adopted  a  resolution  in  favor  of  an  international 
agreement  for  the  remonetization  of  silver. 


News  in  Brief. 

The  plague  has  reappeared  in  Russia. 

There  are  7,000  Chinamen  in  Butte  county. 

Texas  papers  are  praying  for  the  whipping- 
post. 

The  U.  S.  war-ship  Alaska  has  sailed  for 
Alaska. 

Complete  anarchy  prevails  at  Mandelay  in 
Burmah. 

Terrible  prairie  fires  have  recently  occurred 
in  Kansas. 

Sitting  Bull  is  again  seriously  threatening 
the  border. 

The  "dive"  nuisance  is  getting  a  strong  hold 
on  Oakland. 

Many  avalanches  have  recently  occurred  in 
Austrian  Tyrol. 

Indian  beggars  are  very  troublesome  in  Lake 
county,  Oregon. 

A  deadlock  is  anticipated  in  the  House  of 
Representatives. 

Tulare  fields  do  not  look  green,  but  the' 
farmers  look  blue. 

Eleven  hundred  Persians  have  been  killed 
by  an  earthquake. 

The  clam  cannery  at  Puget  Sound  is  doing  a 
profitable  business. 

The  Rhode  Island  Legislature  has  refused 
suffrage  to  women. 

Russia  has   adopted  a    conciliatory    line    of   , 
policy  toward  Turkey. 

There  is  great  sickness  among  the  British 
troops  in  South  Africa. 

The  Atlantic  sea  ports  are  to  be  quarantined 
against  the  black  plague. 

Turkey  is  threatening  Greece  and  has  order- 
ed a  man-of-war  thither. 

Grasshoppers  have  made  thair  appearance 
in  the  Reese  River  district. 

A  tornado  in  Georgia  recently  destroyed 
.$100,000  worth  of  property. 

The  Clearing  House  banks  of  New  Orleans 
have  temporarily  suspended. 

Immigration  from  California  and  the  East 
into  Arizona  is  on  the  increase. 

The  electric  light  is  to  be  employed  in  the 
library  of  the  British  Museum. 

A  heavy  forgery  of  Dupont-street  bonds  has 
come  to  light  in  San  Francisco. 

Four  cargoes  of  coolies  are  crossing  the 
Pacific  for  the  shores  of  Oregon. 

Eastern  oysters  are  being  propagated  with 
some  success  in  San  Francisco  bay. 

Russia  is  negotiating  for  the  purchase  of  the 
Ladrone  island,  in  the  North  Pacific. 

The  necessary  repairB  on  the  Jeannette  for 
her  Arctic  expedition  will  cost  $40,000. 

The  practice  of  robbing  sluice  boxes  is  be- 
coming quite  too  frequent  around  lone. 

Canada  will  be  held  responsible  for  Sitting 
Bull's  invasion,  he  being  a  British  subject. 

The  furious  wind  and  snow  of  last  week 
caused  considerable  damage  at  Lake  Tahoe. 

America  is  successfully  competing  with 
Amsterdam  and  London  in  diamond  cutting. 

American  meat  is  about  to  be  imported  for 
the  German  markets  by  an  English  company. 

A  bill  has  been  introduced  into  Congress  to 
remove  the  political  disabilities  of  Jeff.  Davis. 

Pike  are  caught  in  Putah  creek  that  weigh 
as  high  as  seven  pounds,  and  the  creek  is  full  of 
them  still. 

A  large  land  slide  occurred  last  week  at  the 
southern  opening  of  tunnel  No.  3,  South  Pacific 
railroad. 

There  seems  to  be  no  possibility  of  inducing 
an  English  University  crew  to  row  in  the 
United  States  this  summer. 

The  Memphis  cotton  and  woolen  mills  were  . 
struck   by  lightning   on  the    22d  and    totally 
destroyed.     Loss,  $90,000. 

The  Monterey  Whaling  Co.  captured  a  fine 
bull  whale  on  the  23d,  of  the  California  gray 
species,  after  an  exciting  chase. 

The  citizens  of  Cacheville  have  got  rid  of  the 
Chinese  by  the  owners  of  the  premises  in  which 
they  lived  pulling  down  their  shanties. 


March  29,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


205 


Bullion  Shipments. 

Since  our  last  issue,  we  hare  noticed  the  fol- 
lowing bullion  shipments: 

Boclie,  March  17th,  $5,272.78;  Ophir,  March 
18th.  120,023.15;  Northern  Belle,  March  19th, 
R916.01;  Standard,  March  20th,  $19,568.68; 
Bulwer,  March  20th,  $17,495.40;  Paradise  Val- 
ley, March  20th,  $2,288.68;  Alexander,  March 
gat,  $12,743;  California,  March  22d,  $82,828  ■ 
98;  Northern  Belle,  March  22d,  $12,004.62; 
Con.  Virginia,  March  22d,  $74,688.75;  Paradise 
Valley,  March  22d,  $3,259.59;  Independence, 
March  24th,  $6,700;  Grand  Prize,  Marc*  24th, 
$4,700;  Christy,  March  25*h,  $5,995;  Manhat- 
tan, March  21st.  $11,461. 

The  regular  government  of  Sonora,  under 
Mariscal,  has  been  overthrown  by  Serna.  The 
forces  of  the  general  government  aided  the 
revolutionists. 


The  Etusaiun  Nihilists  have  killed  a  govern- 
ment spy  and  attempted  the  life  of  a  chief  of 
the  gendarmes. 

The  Oregon  &  California  Stage  Company  had 
■ix  horses  drowned  in  a  slough  near  Canyon ville 
recently.         

Fkkhii  attractions  are  constantly  added  to  Wood- 
ward's Gardens,  amonif  which  is  Prof.  Grubcr'e  great 
etJtiitttor,  thu  Z'lu^Taphicoii.  Each  department  increases 
■fly,  and  the  Pavilion  performances  are  more  popular 
than  ever.  All  DBW  novelties  find  a  place  at  this  wonder- 
ful resort.     Prices  remain  as  usual. 


How  ro  Stop  tuis  Paper.—  It  is  not  a  herculean  tusk  to 

I  atop  this  paper.     Notify   the  publishers  by  letter.     If  it 

I   comes  beyond  the  time  desired  you  can  depend  upon  it  we 

I  do  not  know  that  the    subscriber  wants  it   stopped.     So 

be  sure  and  send  us  notice  by  letter. 

Examine  the  accelerative  endowment  plan,  as  originated 

■  by  the   Mutual    Benefit  Life  Insurance  Co.,  of  Newark, 

I  New  Jersey.     Assets,  $30,533,429.94.     Lewis  C.    Grover, 

I  President;  L  Spencer  Coble,  Vice-President;  Benjamin  C. 

;|  Miller,  Treasurer;  Edward  A.   Strong,    Secretary;  Bloom- 

I  field  J.    Miller,   Actuary.     Send  for  circulars  to  James 

I  Munsell,  Jr.,  agent  of  insured,   224    Sansome   St.,  San 

I  Prancisco. 

Capital  Clotiiino.— One  of  the  proprietors  of  this  jour- 
I  nal  having  for  six  months  past  worn  a  gray  suit  manufae- 
1  tured  by  the  Capital  Woolen  Mills,  Sacramento,  we  can 
i  now  speak  in  high  praise  of  the  wearing  qualities  of  their 
I    goods  and  manufacture.     Also  of  their  prices.     Try  them 


M.  D.  Shradeh  ie  now  an  authorized  agent  of  the  Pa- 
ihc  Rural  Press,  also  Mixing  and  Scientific  Press,  to 
)lieit  subscriptions  and  receive  the  money  for  the  same 
lis  receipts  given  for  such  money  will  be  duly  honored 
y  this  company. 


Experimental  Machinery,  drawings,  patterns,  models, 
II  kinds  of  cluctrieal  and  telegraphic  apparatus  to  order. 
iee  ad.    F.  W.  Fuller,  415  Market  St..  second  floor,  S.  F. 

Chew  Jackson's  Best  Sweet  Navy   Tobacco. 


GENERAL  MERCHANDISE. 


BAfiS-Jobblnc. 

Eng  Standard  Wheat.  5  <&  9J 
Neville  &  Co. 
Hand  Sewed,  22x36..  9  @  % 

23x4o!;;;!""'.'.!""ir<£- 

Macbine  Swd,  22x36.  9  f&  9» 
Floor  Sacks,  halves....  73@  '.'; 

Quarters 4s@  6 

Eighths y  "  4 

Hessian,  60  inch i:'fl.3 

45  inch 7;«r  S' 

40  inch ?I@  8 

Wool  Sacks, 
Hand  Sewed,  3*  lb'..—  @45 

4tb  do 50  @52J 

Machine  Sewed 45  (<t~ 

Standard  Gunnies 13'<»14 

Bean  Bags 7  <g  71 

4AXDLE5. 

Crystal  Wax 17  @— 

Eagle 12  S- 

Patent  Sperm 30@— 

CANNED  GOODS. 
AflBorted  Pie  Fruits, 

2*  tbcans 2  00  &    — 

Table  do 3  00  @    — 

Jams  and  Jellies.  .3  50  @    — 

Pickles,  hi  gal 3  15  @    — 

Sardines,  qr  box..l  67!@1  90 

Hi  Boxes 2  50  @2  75 

Preserved    Beef, 

21b.  doz 4  00  <»    — 

do  Beef,4tb,doz,6  50  @    — 
Preserved  Mutton, 

21b.  doz 4  CO  @    — 

Beef  Tongue 6  50  @    — 

Preserved     Ham, 

2  lb,  doz 6  50  &    — 

Deviled  Ham,  1  lb, 

doz 5  50  @    — 

do  Ham,  Jilbdoz.3  00  @    — 
CO  AC- Jobbing. 

Australian,  ton..  8  00  a 

Coos  Bay, 6  50  ^  7  00 

BellinghamBay.  6  50  @—  — 

Seattle 6  00  @  6  50 

Cumberland 14  00  @ 

Mt  Diablo 4  75  @  6  00 

Lehigh 13  50  @ 

Liverpool 7  50  @  8  00 

West  Hartley. .  .10  50  @ 

Scotch 10  50  @ 

Scranton 11  50  @ 

Vancouver  Id. . .  7  00  @ 

Charcoal,  sack...      75  @ 

Coke,  bbl 60  (a 

COFFEE. 

Sandwich  Id,  lb.      —  @ 

Costa  Rica 15  @      16 

Guatemala, 15  @      16 

Java ....      23  @—  26 

Manila 17  @ 

Ground,  in  cs, . .      25  @ 

FISH. 

Sao'to  Dry  Cod..       4j@       5? 

do    Li  cases..        5  @       6 

Eastern  Cod. . . . @ 

Salmon,  bhls....  8  00  @  9  00 

Hf  bbls 5  00  @  5  50 

1  lb  cans 1  40  @  1  45 

Pkld  Cod.  hbls..22  00  @ 

Hf  bbls 11  00  @ 

Mackerel,  No.  1. 
Hf  Bbls 9  50  @10  50 


[WHOLESALE,  | 

Wednesday  m..  March  26.  1870. 


In  Kits 1  I,  , 

Ex  Mess 3  25  ( 

Pkld  Herring,  bx  3  00  (■ 

Boston  Smkd  H'g     70  ( 
LIME,  Etc. 

Plaster,  Golden 
Gate  Mills....  3  00  « 

Land  Plaster,  tn  10  00  C 


2  10 


NAILS. 

Ass  ted  sizes,  keg  2  90  @  3  00 

OILS. 

Pacific  Glue  Co's 
Neatsfoot,  No  1.1  00  @    90 

Castor.  Nol 1  10  &)    — 

do,  No.  2 1  05  @    — 

Baker's  A  A 1  25  wl  30 

Olive,  Plagniol....5  25  @5  75 

Possel 4  75  @5  25 

Palm,  lb 9  <®    — 

Linseed,  Raw,  bbl.    72  @    — 

Boiled 75  W    - 

Cocoanut 55  @    — 

China  nut,  cs 70  <tf    721 

Sperm 1  40  @     - 

Coast  Whales 40  @    — 

Polar 45  @    — 

Lard 90  @1  00 

Oleophine 22  &    2*4 

Devoe's  Bril't 22  <§    23J 

Photolite —  @    — 

Nonpariel 31  @    321 

Eureka 18  @    42j 

Ban-el  kerosene...    20  @    — 

Downer  Ker 37i@    — 

Elaine 371@    — 

PAINTS. 
Pure  White  Lead.      8  &     8J 

Whiting 1J<5 

Putty 4@     5 

Chalk 1J@    - 

Paris  White 21@    — 

Ochre 3l@    — 

Venetian  Red 3j@    — 

Averill  Mixed 
Paint,       gaL 

White  &  tints. .  .2  00  @2  40 
Green,   Blue     & 

Ch  Yellow 3  00  @3  50 

Light  Red 3  00  @3  50 

Metallic  Roof.. .1  30  @1  60 

BICE. 

China,  Mixed,  lb..      5  @      5* 

Hawaiian 7  @      7J 

SALT. 
Cal.  Bay,  ton....  15  00  @22  50 

Common 10  00  @12  00 

Carmen  Id 12  00  @14  00 

Liverpool  fine...  19  00  @ 

SOAP. 

Castile,  lb 10  @    101 

Common  brands. .      4i@      6 

Fancy  brands 7@     8 

SPICES. 

Cloves,  lb 45®    50 

Cassia 22i@  .25 

Nutmegs 85  @    90 

Pepper  Grain 15  @    17 

Pimento 15  @    16 

Mustard,        Cal. , 

J  lb  glass 1  50  @    - 

SUGAR,  ETC. 

Cal.  Cube,  lb I1J@    — 

Powdered Il5@    — 

Fine  crushed lli@    — 

Granulated 11  @    — 

Golden  C 9J§    - 

Cal.  Syrup,  kgs...    70  @    — 
Hawaiian  Mol'sses    26  @    30 

TEA. 
Young        Hyson, 

Moyune,  etc 27  @    30 

Country  pekd  Gun- 
powder &  Im- 
perial      50  @    60 

Hyson 30  @     35 

Fooo-Chow  O.....    35  @    — 

Japan,  1st  quality    40  @    — 

2d  quality 20  @    25 


METALS. 

IWUOLEMALK. 
UoN  _  Wrdskmdav  m..  March  26,  1878. 

Amorlcau  Pig,  soft,  ton 23  00  tit&  00 

Scotch  Pig,  ton 25  50  W26  50 

American  Wbito  Pig,  ton 23  00  & 

Oregou  Pig.  ton -_h;  50  S_  _ 

Refined  Bur oj/A        -ii 

"'"V1;"'-"-^ ;::-  B<?8-  ■ 

Nail  Rod 

Norway,  according  to  thlcknwia 61^       7 

Copper.—  ,w  . 

■S beat)  1  i Kg.  tb 34  @      35 

Sheathing,  Yellow ...'.'.',  19  S      20 

Sheathing.  Old  YeUow -  {*- 

■ 

English  Cast,  lb jg  @      17 

Black  Diamond,  ordinary  aixea ], 

DrlU |g  2]       ■« 

Plow  Steel g  ,rf      i-ji 

10x14  I  C  Charcoal gift*  o 

lOxHICCoko 7  lp  7. 

Bancs  Tiu ]s    , 

Australian 154,3  17 

By'tho  Cask 9  @ 

Zinc,  Shoot  7x3  ft.  7  to  10.  lb,  less  than  cask..        9>@—  10 

Assorted  sizes 2  W((f3  00 

Gold,    Legal    Tenders,    Exchange,    Etc. 

[Corrected  Weekly  by  Sutro  &  Co.] 

Sak  Franoisoo,  March  26,  3  p.  m. 

Silvkr,  IJ@3. 

Gold  Bars,  890@910.  Silver  Barb,  8@20  ¥  oent.  dis 
30imt. 

ExonANos  on  Now  York,  20,  on  London  bankers,  49J@ 
ir.  UuinniiTciiLl.  50;  rurin,  five  francs  \J  dollar;  Mexican 
dollars,  86^88.  * 

London  Consols,  96  5-16;  BoDds,  103 

Quicksilver  in  M.  V..  hy  thft  rltuik.  w  lh,  40@41c. 

Signal  Service  Meteorological  Report 

San  Francisco.—  Week  ending-  March  25, 1879. 


HIORR8T  AND   LOWEST   BAROMRTKR. 

:Marll)|  Mar  20  Mar  21    Mar  22    Mar  23    Mar  24   Mar  2 


.003    30.120    30. ISO     30.26-1     30.247     30.206 
20.980|  30.010    30.103     30.185    30.221     30.221 


MAXIMUM  AND  MINIMUM   THERMOMETER. 

58.7  I      61.8  I      01.7  I      63       I      66 
51.5  I      51      I      51  53  57 


39.258 
80.159 


65 


75.7  I      67      I 
3W    I    NW    I 


235     I    204     I 
Riiuy   i    Fair. 


MEAN   DAILY   HUMIDITY. 

65      I      84.3  I      83.3  | 

PREVAILINQ   WIND. 

SW      I         N         I      NW      I 

WIND — MILEB  TRAVELED. 

181        I       157       I       112       I 

8TATB   OP  WEATHER. 

I  Cloudy  i  Cloudy  |  Cloudy  | 


55.3 
83.6 
W 
106 
Cloudy  I    Fair 


145      J 


RAINFALL  IN  TWENTY-POUR   HOURS. 

.20    I      .16    I      .03      I       .32    I  I      .01    I 

Total  rain  during  the  season,  trom  July  1,  1878,  20.07  in. 


Fine  Engraving. 

The  Engraving  Bureau  belonging  to  the  office 
of  this  journal  is  prepared  to  design  and  engrave 
all  kinds  of  Wood  Cuts  for  illustrating  newspapers, 
books,  catalogues,  cards,  circulars,  advertise- 
ments, labels,  badges,  seals,  etc.,  in  the  best  style 
of  the  art.  Our  portraits  and  illustrations  of  ma- 
chinery, buildings  and  landscapes,  are  superior. 
Good  engravings  can  be  made  from  paintings, 
lithographs,  steel  and  copper  plate  prints,  photo- 
graphs, models,  patent  office  or  other  drawings. 
We  have  a  photographic  department  and  the  best 
of  machinery  for  producing  accurate  and  perfect 
work  at  the  lowest  prices.  Original  maps,  charts, 
and  diagrams  are  made  by  our  New  Photo-Relief 
Process  at  greatly  reduced  rates.  By  the  same 
process  copies  can  be  cheaply  and  quickly  pro- 
duced of  printed  cuts,  in fae  simile,  or  they  can 
be  enlarged  or  reduced  with  equal  facility. 

Any  hand  writing  in  perfectly  black  ink  on 
clear  white  paper  for  manuscript  letters  01  circu- 
hvs,  will  be  accurately  reproduced  in  metal  plates 
suitable  f,or  common  printing.  Also,  fac  simile 
signatures,  monograms,  sheet  music,  etc'  We 
excel  in  trade  cuts  and  matched  plates  for  combi- 
nation eolor  printing.  With  a  large  business,  long 
established,  and  every  facility  for  improvement, 
we  can  guarantee  more  than  ordinary  satisfaction 
to  all  of  our  patrons.  All  interested  are  invited 
to  send  for  or  call  and  see  specimens  and  obtain 
prices. 

Orders  for  electrotypes,  stereotypes,  steel  and 
copper  plates,  lithographing,  stamps  and  seal 
presses  executed  at  low  rates. 


Scientific  and  Practical  Books 
on  Mining,  Metallurgy,  Etc. 

Published  or  issued,  wholesale  and  retail,  by  DEWEY  & 
CO.,  Mining  and  Scientific  Press  Office,  S.  F. 

BY  GUIDO   KUSTEL, 

Mining  Engineer  and  Metallurgist. 

Roasting  of  Gold  and  Silver  Ores,  and  the 
Extraction  of  their  respective  Metals  without  Quick- 
silver.    1870. 

This  rare  hook  on  the  treatment  of  gold  and  silver  ores 
without  quicksilver,  is  liberally  illustrated  and  crammed 
full  of  facts.  It  gives  short  and  concise  descriptions  of  va- 
rious processes  and  apparatus  employed  in  this  country 
and  in  Europe,  and  explains  the  why  and  wherefore. 

It  contains  142  pages,  embracing  illustrations  of  fur- 
naces, implements  and  working  apparatus. 

It  is  a  work  of  great  merit,  by  an  author  whose  reputa- 
tion is  unsurpassed  in  his  specialty. 
Price,  §2.50  cuin,  postage  free. 

Concentration  of  Ores  (of  all  kinds),  including 
the  Clilorination  Process  for  Gold-bearing  Sulphurets, 
Arseniurets,  and  Gold  and  Silver  Ores  generally,  with 
120  Lithographic  Diagrams.     1867. 

This  work  is  unequaled  by  any  other  published,  embrac- 
ing the  subjects  treated.  Its  authority  is  highly  esteemed 
and  regarded  by  its  readers;  containing,  as  it  does,  much 
essential  information  to  the  Minor,  Millman,  Metallurgist, 
and  other  professional  workers  in  ores  and  minerals,  which 
cannot  he  found  elsewhere  in  print.  It  also  abounds 
throughout  with  facts  and  instructions  rendered  valuable 
by  being  clearly  rendered  together  and  in  simple  or- 
der. It  contains  120  diagrams,  illustrating  machinery, 
etc.,  which  alone  are  of  the  greatest  value,    PRICE,  §7.50. 


fjlifiipg  ajid  Other  Copipajiies. 


Griffith    Consolidated    Mill    and    Mining 

Company,    Location  of  principal  place  of  busiiK— ,  San 

Franclaoo.   California.    Location  of   works,    Diamond 

Springs  Mining  District,  El  Dorado  County,  California. 

NOTICE.— Then  are  delinquent  upon  the  following  lie* 

scribed  stock  on  account  of  awessnicnt   (No,    1)    k-vird  on 

the  21st  day  of  January,    1679,   the  several  amount*  set 

opposite  the  names  ol  the  respective  shareholders,  as 

follows: 

Names.  No.  of  Cert      No.  Shares     Amount 

.1  H  Brewer 80  60 

Warren  Bryant        ...  not  issued        2100  420  00 

Alexander  BryanJ 37  1125  B26  00 

Alexander  Bryant 38  1126  g2S  00 

L  H  Foote 89  loo  ->0  00 

L  G  Harvey,  Trustee 35  4000  - 

.1  H  Roberts L9  600  100  00 

.1  H  Roberts 20  :.oo  100  00 

J  H  Roberta 21  500  100  00 

J  H  Roberts 82  500  100  00 

■'  H  Roberts 2<;  500  ion  no 

J  H  Roberts 27  500  100  00 

J  H  Roberts 2$  500  100  00 

J  H  Roberts 20  500  100  00 

J  II  Roberts 80  500  100  00 

J  II  Roberts ;il  500  100  00 

.1  H  Roberts 32  500  100  00 

J  H  Roberta 33  500  100  00 

J  H  Roberts 31  500  100  00 

J  H  Roberts 280  200  40  00 

J  H  Roberts 281  20O  40  00 

.1  H  Roberta 282  200  40  00 

■)  H  Roberts 283  200  40  00 

.1  H  Roberts 284  200  40  00 

John  G  Vantine not  issued  4500  900  00 

And  in  accordance  with  law,  and  an  order  of  the  Board 
of  Directors,  made  on  the  2ist  d;iy  of  January,  1«79,  so 
many  shares  of  each  parcel  of  such  stock  as  may  be  neces- 
sary, will  be  sold  at  public  auction  at  the  office  of  the 
Company,  No.  330  Pine  street.  Room  48,  San  Francisco, 
California,  on  the  26th  day  of  March,  1S70,  at  the  hour  of 
one  o'clock  p.  si.  of  said  day,  to  paysaid  delinquent  assess- 
ment thereon,  together  with  costs  of  advertising  and  ex- 
penses of  sale.  G.  M.  CONDEE,  Secretary. 

Office,  Room  48,  No.  330  Pine  St.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

POSTPONEMENT.— The  above  sale  has  been  postponed 
until  Saturday,  April  5th,  1879,  at  the  same  hour  and 
place.     By  order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 

G.  M.  CONDEE,  Secretary. 


Mount  Jefferson  Milling  and  Mining  Com- 
pany.— Location  of  principal  place  of  business,  San  Fran- 
cisco, California.  Location  of  works.  Garrote  Mining  Dis- 
trict, Tuolumne  County.  California. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Directors 
held  on  the  21st  day  of  March,  1S79,  an  assessmeut  {No.  t>)  of 
five  cents  per  share  was  levied  upon  the  capital  stock  of  the 
corporation,  payable  immediately  in  United  States  gold  coin, 
to  the  Secretary  at  the  office  of  the  Company,  Room  6,  No. 
318  Pine  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal 

Any  stock  upon  which  this  assessment  shall  remain  unpaid 
on  the  2d  day  of  May,  IU79,  will  be  delinquent,  and  adver- 
tised for  sale  at  public  auction;  and  unless  payment  is  made 
before,  will  be  sold  on  Tuesday,  the  27th  day  of  May.  1879.  to 
pay  the  delhiuueut  assessment,  together  with  costs  of  adver- 
tising and  expenses  of  sale. 

R.  N.  VAN  BRUNT.  Secretary. 
Office,  Room  6,  No.  318  Pine  Street.  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


Office  Wide  Awake  Prospecting  and  Min- 
ing Company.— No.  232  Sutter  Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal.. 
February  1st,  1879.  Location  of  works,  Picket-Post,  Piual 
County,  Arizona. 

Notice  is  hereby  given  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Directors,  held  on  the  first  day  of  February,  11879,  an  assess- 
ment (No.  6)  of  four  cents  per  share  was  levied  upon  the  capi- 
tal stock  of  the  corporation,  payable  immediately  in  United 
States  gold  coin  to  the  Secretary,  at  the  office  of  the  Com- 
pany, Room  2,  No.  232  Sutter  Street,  San  Francisco.  Cal. 

Any  stock  upon  which  this  assessment  shall  remain  unpaid 
on  the  first  day  of  March,  187?>,  will  be  delinquent,  and  adver- 
tised for  sale  at  public  auction,  and  unless  payment  is  made 
before,  will  be  sold  on  Saturday,  the  fifth  day  of  April,  1879, 
to  pay  the  delinquent  assessment,  together  with  the  cost  of 
advertising  and  the  expenses  of  sale.  By  orderof  the  Board, 
of  Directors.  C.  HILDEBRANDT.  Secretary. 

POSTPONEMENT.-  The  delinquent  day  of  the  above 
named  assessment  has  been  postponed  until  Tuesday,  the 
First  day  of  April,  1879,  and  the  day  of  sale  until  Thursday, 
the  Firft  day  of  May.  1879.  at  the  same  hour  and  place.  By 
order  of  the  Board  of  Directors. 

C.  HILDEBRANDT.  Secretary. 

San  Francisco,  March  1st,  1879. 

Summit    Mining   Company.— Location  of 

Principal  place  of  business,  San  Francisco,  California. 

Location    of     works,   Mineral   Point  Mining     District, 

Plumas  County,  Cal. 

Notice.— There  are  delinquent  upon  the  following  de- 
scribed stock,  on  account  of  assessment  (No.  7,)  levied  on 
the  4th  day  of  February,  A.  D. ,  1879,  the  several  amounts 
set  opposite  the  names  of  the  respective  shareholders,  as 
follows: 

Names.  No.  Certificate.  No.  Shares.  Amount 

Byers,  W  T 38  700  35  00 

Edwards,  J  E 39  700  85  00 

Gautier,  Gustave 156  200  10  00 

Kellogg,  H  W 46  1000  50  00 

Lehmann,  C,  Trustee 206  200  10  00 

Lebmann,  C,  Trustee 207  200  10  00 

Sanford,  E  P 3  500  25  00 

Sanford,  F.  P 22  1000  50  00 

Turner,  J  W 65  200  10  00 

Thompson,  R 24  1200  60  00 

And  in  accordance  with  law,  and  an  order  of  the  Board  0 
Directors,  made  on  the  Fourth  day  of  February,  A.  D. 
1879,  so  many  shares  of  each  parcel  of  such  stock  as  may 
be  necessary,  will  be  sold  at  public  auction,  at  the  office 
of  the  company,  No.  318  Pine  street,  Room  6,  Sau  Fran- 
cisco, California,  on  Tuesday,  the  Eighth  day  of  April, 
A.  D.,  1879,  at  the  hour  of  three  o'clock  p.  M.,  of  said 
day,  to  pay  said  delinquent  assessment  thereon,  together 
with  costs  of  advertising  and  expenses  of  the  sale. 

R.  N.  VAN  BRUN1\  Sec'y. 

Office,  Room  6,  No.  318  Pine  Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


The  California  and  Oregon  Land  Company. 

—Location  of  principal  place  of  business,  San  Francisco, 

California.    Location  of  Works,  State  of  Oregon. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Directors,  held  on  the  First  day  of  March,  A.  D.,  1879,  an 
assessment  (No.  2)  of  Forty  Cents  per  share  was  levied  upon 
the  capital  stock  of  the  corporation,  payable  immediately  in 
United  States  gold  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at  the  office  of  the 
Company,  318  Pine  street,  Room  6,  San  Francisco,  California. 

Any  stock  upon  which  this  assessment  shall  remain  unpaid 
on  the  10th  day  of  April,  1879,  will  be  delinquent,  and  ad- 
vertised for  sale  at  public  auction';  and  unless  payment  is 
made  nefore  will  be  sold  on  Saturday,  the  Tenth  day  of  May, 
1879,  to  pay  the  delinquent  assessment,  together  with 
costs  of  advertising  and  expenses  of  sale.  By  order  of  the 
Board  of  Directors.  R.  N.   VAN  BRUNT,  Secretary. 

Office,  318  Pine  Street,  Room  6,  San  Francisco,   California, 


Union  Stone   Company.— The  Regular 

Annual  meeting  of  the  Union  Stone  Company  of  Califor- 
nia for  an  election  of  a  Board  of  Directors  (to  act  as  Trus- 
tees) to  serve  the  Company  for  the  ensuing  year,  and  for 
such  other  business  as  may  properly  come  before  the 
meeting,  will  be  held  at  the  office  of  the  Secretary  of  the 
Company  at  237  First  Street,  San  Francisco,  California, 
on  Tuesday,  April  8th,  1879,  at  11  o'clock  a.  m. 

R.  F.  KNOX,  Secretary. 
San  Francisco,  March  20th,  1879. 


/I*epiept3. 


BALDWIN'S  THEATER.  » 

THOMAS  ttAQUIRE Manager 

'■'    1-vstkk Acting  Manager. 

in,     H.  OoODWOi Treasurer 

J.  P.  Chapuas tabtanl  Treasurer 

ROSE    EYTINGE. 

Gomel    Market   and     Powell     Streets.       Open     every 

evening  and  Saturday  matinee.    Box  oiliee  ojmmi  daily, 

BUSH    STREET   THEATER. 

Chad.  K.  Lot'KE Lessee  and  Manager 

HYERS    SISTERS. 

Open  every  evening  and  Saturday  Matinee. 


CALIFORNIA  THEATER. 

Barton  &  Lawlob Manager 

BAKTOH  Hill Acting  Manager 

BUFFALO    BILL. 

Bush  Street,  above  Kearny.  Open  even-  evening.  Box 
office  opon  from  0  a.  m.  to  10  p.  u.  Seats'  may  be  secured 
six  days  in  advance. 


WASHING!  WASHING! 


Prices  Reduced!  Prices  Reduced! 


La  Grande  Laundry, 

13th  Street.  Between  Folsom  and  Howard. 

PRINCIPAL  OFFICE, 

648  Market  Street,   S.  T. 

Oilice  open  from  7  A.  m.  to  9  r.  m.  Saturdays  to  11  p.  m. 
Washing  called  for  and  delivered  to  any  part  of  the  city 
free  of  charge. 

All  orders  receive  prompt  attention.  For  circular  and 
price  List  apply  at  the  Office, 

648  Market  St..  San  Francisco. 


J.  Tijomson.  C.  H.  Evans 

THOMSON   &   EVANS, 

(Successors  to  Thomson  &  Parker.)] 

Engineers  and  Machinists. 


Steam  Pumps,  Steam  Engines,  Hoisting, 

Pumping,  Quartz  Mill,  Mining,  Saw 

Mill   Machinery,  Specialties. 

Plans  and  Specifications  for  Machinery  furnished.    Re- 
pairing promptly  attended  to. 

110  &  112  Beale  St.,  San  Francisco. 


Sawing  off  a  Log, 


This  SAW  MACHINE  is  a  wonderful  in- 
vention.  The  weight  of  the  man  who  is 
sawing  does  half  of  the  work.  It  saws  logs 
of  any  size,  and  will  saw  off  a  2  foot  log  in 
2  mtnntes.  Circulars  free.  Address,  "Win. 
G1XES,  696  W.  6th  St.,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 


^  I  eMillMMining 

?¥umum 


At  the  Old  Stand,  Market,  head  of  Front  Street,  S.fF. 


Cheerfully  Recommended. 

Cherokee,  Sept.  8th,  18?8. 
Dewey  &  Co. — Gentlemen:—  Having  received  my  Let- 
ters Patent  for  improvement  in  vehicle  wheels,  I  consider 
it  a  duty  I  owe  your  firm  to  tender  my  sincere  thanks  for 
the  interest  and  pains  you  have  taken  in  the  prosecution 
of  the  case.  I  shall  cheerfully  recommend  your  firm  to 
I  such  as  may  need  your  services.    I  remain  yours, 


Very  Respectfully, 


Wsl  Thuimsk. 


206 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[March  29,   1879. 


Ifop  apd  |Aachipe  Idorfe. 


HENRY  S.  SMITH. 


*      THOS.  PENDERGAST. 

iETNA    IRON    WORKS, 

MANUFACTURERS  OP 

IRON  CASTINGS 

and      MACHINERY 

OF  ALL  KINDS. 

Fremont  Street,  Bet.  Howard  and  Folsom, 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 

SACRAMENTO  BOILER   WORKS, 

214  &  216  BE  ALB  St.,  (rear  of  jEtna  Foundry) 

J.  V.  HALL, 

PRACTICAL    BOILER    MAKER, 

Marino,  Stationary  and  Portable  Boilers,  Smoke  Stacks, 

Hydraulic  Pipe,  Oil  or  Water  Tanks,    Ore  and 

Water  Buckets,  Gasometers,  Girders,  Bridges 

and   Iron   Ship    Building. 

ALL    KINDS   OF   SHEET    IRON    WORK. 

Repairing   promptly   attended   to    at   the 
lowest    possible   terms. 


UNION  IRON  WORKS, 

SACRAMENTO,    CAL. 
ROOT,    NBILSON    &    CO., 

MANUFACTURERS  OF 

STEAM    ENGINES,  BOILERS   AND    ALL 

Kinds  of  Machinery  for  Mining   Purposes. 

Flouring  MillB1,  Saw  Mills'  and  Quartz  Mills'  Machinery 

aonstruoted,  fitted  up  and  repaired. 

Front  Street,  Between  N  and  O  Streets, 

&ACRAMBNTO,     CAL. 


PHELPS 
MANUFACTURING    COMPANY, 

Manufacturers  of  all  kinds  of 

Wharf  and  Bridge  Bolts,    Bailroad  Trestle 

Work.   Car  Frames  and  Bolts,  Machine 

Bolts,   Set  Screws    and   Tap  Bolts, 

Lag   or    Coach    Screws. 

ALL  STYLES   OF  FANCY  HEAD  BOLTS. 

HOT  AND    COLD    PRESSED    HEXAGONAL   AND 

SQUARE    NUTS,    WASHERS,    BOLT    ENDS, 

TURNEUCKLES,    ETC.,    ETC. 

13, 15  and  17  Drumm  St.,  near  California, 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 


Golden  State  &  Miners  Iron  Works, 

Manufacture  Iron  Castings  and  Machinery 
of  all  Kinds  at  Greatly  Reduced  Rates. 

STEVENSON'S  PATENT 

Mold-Board  AMALGAMATORS, 
Golden  State  Pressure  Blowers. 

First  St.,  between  Howard  &  Folsom,  S.  F. 


Wai.  H.  Birch. 


Jorm  Arqall. 


California    Machine   Works, 
BIRCH,    ARGALL    &    CO., 

110  Beale  Street,  San  Francisco. 

£3TGeneral  Mechanical  Engineers  and  Machinists. 
Steam  Engines,  Flour,  Quartz  and  Mining  Machinery. 
Sole  manufacturers  of  Brodie's  Patent  Rock  Crushers  and 
Steel-Faced  Tappits.  Steam,  Hydraulic  and  Sidewalk 
Elevators.    Repairing  promptly  attended  to. 


GEORGE  W.  PRESCOTT. 


IRVING  M.  SCOTT. 


H.  T.  SCOTT. 


California    Brass    Foundry, 

No,  125  First  Street,  Opposite  Minna 
SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 

All  kinds  of  Brass,  Composition,  Zinc,  and  Babbitt 
Metal  Castings,  Brass  Ship  Work  of  ail  kinds,  Spikes, 
sheathing  Nails,  Rudder  Braces,  Hinges,  Ship  and  Steam- 
boat Bells  and  Gongs  of  superior  tone.  All  kinds  of  Cocks 
and  Valves,  Hydraulic  Pipes  and  Nozzles,  and  Hose  Coup- 
lings and  Connections  of  all  sizes  and  patterns,  furnished 
with  dispatch.  ^PRICES  MODERATE. "®a 

J.  H.  WEED.  V.  KINGWELL. 


STEAM  ENGINES  AND  BOILERS 

Of  all  sizes— from  2  to  60-Horse  power.  Also,  Quartz 
Mills,  Mining  Pumps,  Hoisting  Machinery,  Shafting,  Iron 
Tanks,  etc.     For  sale  at  the  lowest  prices  by 

J.    HENDY,  49  and  51  Fremont  Street,  S.  F. 


THOMAS  THOMPSON.  THORNTON  THOMPSON. 

THOMPSON    BROTHERS, 

EUREKA    FOUNDRY, 

129  and  131  Beale  St.,  between  Mission  and  Howard,  S.  F 

MANUFACTURKRS  OF  CASTINGS  OF  EVERT  DESCRIPTION. 


W I N  n    Mill     Ono "'  the  be9t  made '"  thi9  StatG 

ti  I nu     If  I  ILL!  for  aaie  cheap  on  easy  terms.    Ad- 
ilresa,  W.  T.  care  of  Dewey  &  Co.,  S.  F. 


Union    [ron   Works. 

Office,  61  First  St.  |  Cor.  First  &  Mission  Sts.,  S.  F.  |  P.   0.    Box,   2128. 

BUILDERS     OF 

Steam,    Air   and    Hydraulic    Machinery. 

Home  Industry.— All  "Work  Tested  and  Guaranteed. 


Vertical  Engines, 
Horizontal  Engines, 
Automatic  Cut-off  Engines, 
Compound  Condensing  Engines, 
Shafting, 


Baby  Hoists, 
Ventilating  Pans, 
Rock  Breakers, 
Self-Feeders, 
Pulleys, 


Stamps, 
Pans, 
Settlers, 
Retorts, 
Etc.,  Etc. 


TRY    OUR    MAKE,  CHEAPEST   AND    BEST    IN    USE. 
Send  for  Late  Circulars.  PRESCOTT,  SCOTT  &  CO. 


"W~  i  1 1  i  a  m      H  a  w  k  i  n  s , 

Successor  to 

MACHINE     WO  R  KS, 

210  and  212  Beale  Street,  bet.  Howard  and  Folsom  Sts.,    -    -    San  Francisco. 

Manufacturers    of 

IMPROVED    PORTABLE    HOISTING    ENGINES, 

For  Mining  and   Other   Purposes. 

Steam  Engines  and  all  Kinds  of  Mill  and  Mining  Machinery. 


Pacific  Rolling  Mill  Co., 

SAN    FRANCISCO,    CAL. 

MANUFACTURERS    OF 

RAILROAD  AND   MERCHANT  IRON, 

ROLLED  BEAMS,  ANGLE,  CHANNEL  AND  T  IRON,  BRIDGE  AND  MACHINE  BOLTS,  LAG  SCREWS,  NUTS 
WASHERS,  ETC.,  STEAMBOAT   SHAFTS,  CRANKS,  PISTONS,  CONNECTING    RODS,  ETC.,  ETC. 

Car  and  Locomotive  Axles  and  Frames,  and  Hammered  Iron  of  Every  Description. 

HIGHEST    PRICE    PAID    FOR    SCRAP    IRON. 
t&  Orders  Solicited  and  Promptly  Executed.  Office,  No.  16  FIRST  STREET. 


Fulton    Iron    Works. 

Hinckley,  Spiers  &  Hayes. 

(ESTABLISHED    IN    1855.) 

Works,  Fremont  and  Howard  Sts.  |  San  Francisco,  Cal.  |  Office,  No.  213  Fremont  St 


MANUFACTURERS    OF 


Marine  Engines  and   Boilers, 

Propeller  Engines  either  High  Pressure  or  Com- 
pound Stern  or  Side  Wheel  Engines. 

Mining   Machinery. 

Hoisting  Engines  and  Works,  Cages,  Ore  Buckets,  Ore 
Cars,  Pumping  Engines  and  Pumps,  Water  Buckets, 
Pump  Columns,  Air  Compressors,  Air  Receivers, 
Air   Pipes. 

Mill  Machinery. 

Batteries  for  Dry  or    Wet  Crushing,    Amalgamating 


Pans,  Settlers,  Furnaces,  Retorts,  Concentrators,  Ore 
Feeders,  Rock  Breakers,  Furnaces  for  Reducing  Ores 
Water  Jackets,  Etc. 


Sugar  Machinery. 


Crushing  Rolls,  Clariflers,  Vacuum  Pang,  Air  Pumps, 
Concentrators,  Bag  Filters,  Charcoal  Filters,  Blow-up 
Tanks,  Coolers  and  Receiving  Tanks. 


Miscellaneous   Machinery. 


Flour  Mill  Machinery,  Saw  Mill  Engines  and  Boilers, 
Dredging  Machinery,  Oil  Well  Retorts,  Powder  Mill  Ma- 
chinery, Water  Wheels. 


FlIrtiflPQ     and     RnilfkPC    °*  a^  kinds,  either  for  use  on  Steamboats  and  made  in  accordance  with   the 
CliyillCO     allU     DUIICI  O   Act  of  Congress  regulating  the  same,  or  for  use  on  land.  Water  Pipe,  Pump 
or  Air  Column,  Fish  Tanks  for  Salmon  Canneries  of  every  description. 
Boiler  repairs  promptly  attended  to  and  at  very  moderate  rates. 


PACIFIC    IRON    WORKS, 

First  and  Fremont  Streets,  between  Mission  and   Howard,  San   Francisco,  Cal., 
RANKIN,    BRAYTON    &    CO., 

Manufacturers    of 

ENGINES,  BOILERS,    MARINE    AND    STATIONARY.      PUMPING,    HOISTING,  AND    MINING    MACHINERY 

INCLUDING  BATTERIES,  AMALGAMATING  PANS  AND  SETTLERS,  CONCENTRATORS,  ORE  FEEDERS, 

CRUSHING  ROLLS  AND  ROCK  BREAKERS.     ALSO,  WATER  JACKET  SMELTING  FURNACES, 

FOR  REDUCING  LEAD,  SILVER   AND    COPPER   ORES,  QUICKSILVER   FURNACES, 

RETORTS  AND  CONDENSERS,  ROASTING  AND   CHLORIDIZINO  FURNACES, 

SUGAR   MILL   MACHINERY,  WATER    WHEELS,  Etc.,  ALL    OF   THE 

LATEST  AND  MOST  IMPROVED  CONSTRUCTION. 

Agents  for  the  Allen  Engine  Governor,  Bailey  Air  Compressor,  Howell's 
Improved  "White  Furnaces,  "Walker's  Compound  Steam  Pumps,  Etc. 


"Western  Iron.  Works, 

316     and     318     Mission     Street,     San     Francisco, 

PERRY  EDWARDS,  Prop'r. 

Manufacturer  of  Wrought  Iron  Girders,  Trusses,   Prison   Cells,  Iron  Roofs,  Crest 

Railings,  Finials,  Fences,  Weathervanes,  Gratings,  Iron  Work  for  Models,  Etc. 

Nickel   Plated  Railing-         Bank  and   Store  Fittings.        Estimates  given  and  Iron  Work  furnished  for  Buildings. 


Corner  Beale  and  Howard  Sts., 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 

W.  H.  TAYLOR,  Pres't.  JOSEPH  MOORE,  Sup't. 

Builders  of  Steam  Machinery 

In  all  its  Brancheb, 

Steamboat,  Steamship,  Land 

Engines  and  Boilers, 

HIGH  PRESSURE  OR  COMPOUND. 


STEAM  VESSELS,  of  all  kinds,  built  complete  with 
Hulls  of  Wood,  Iron  or  Composite. 

ORDINARY  ENGINES  compounded  when  ad- 
visable. 

STEAM  LAUNCHES,  Barges  and  Steam  Tugs  con- 
structed with  reference  to  the  Trade  in  which  they  are 
to  be  employed,  Speed,  tonnage  and  draft  of  water 
guaranteed. 

STEAM    BOILERS.    Particular  attention  given  tol 
the  quality  of  the  material  and  workmanship,  and  nona 
but  first-class  work  produced. 

SUGAR  MILLS  AND  SUGAR-MAKING 
MACHINERY  made  after  the  most  approved  plana 
Also,  all  Boiler  Iron  Work  connected  therewith, 

WATER  PIPE,  of  Boiler  or  Sheet  Iron,  of  any  sizo 
made  in  suitable  lengths  for  connecting  together, 
sheets  rolled,  punched,  and  packed  for  shipment  ready 
to  be  riveted  on  the  ground. 

HYDRAULIC  RIVETING.  Boiler  Work  and'. 
Water  Pipe  made  by  this  establishment,  riveted  by 
Hydraulic  Riveting  Machinery,  that  quality  of  work 
being  far  superior  to  hand  work. 

SHIP  WORK.  Ship  and  Steam  Capstains,  Steam 
Winches,  Air  and  Circulating  Pumps,  made  after  the 
most  approved  plans. 

PUMPS.  Direct  Acting  Pumps,  for  Irrigation  or  City 
Water  Works  purposes,  built  with  the  celebrated  Davy 
Valve  Motion,  superior  to  any  other  Pump. 


Electric  Model  &  Machine  Works 

Inventors  and  others  can  pret  First-Class 
Work  at  Moderate  Prices. 

After  10  years  experience  with  inventions  and  other 
mechanical  work,  I  am  fully  prepared  to  execute  draw- 
ings, working-models  and  fine  machinery  of  any  descrip- 
tion to  entire  satisfaction. 

Brass  Finishing,  Pattern  Making,  Gear  Cutting,  Tele- 
graphic and  other  Electrical  Apparatus  by  competent 
workmen. 

TELEPHONES    TO    ORDER. 

F.  W.  FULLER,  415  Market  Street,  San  Francisco, 


Take  the  Paper  that  stands  by  your  in-    Qf>WGV  &  CO 


3an}  Patent  Ag'ts 


I  some  St. 


Main    Street    Iron    Works, 

WM.    DEACON,    PROPRIETOR. 
Nos.  131, 133  &  135  Main  St.,  San  Francisco. 

Stationary  and  Marine  Engines, 

Shafting,  Pulleys,  and  General  Machine  Work.  Jobbing 
and  repairing  done  Promptly  and  at  Lowest  Rates. 
Screw  Propellors,  Propellor  and  Steamboat  Engines. 

SAW  MILLS  and  SAW  MILL  MACHINERY. 


r=    !     UX12 


Market,  head  of  Front  Street,  San  Francisco. 


Diamond    Drill    Co. 


The"  undersigned,  owners  of  LESCHOT'S  PATENT 
for  DIAMOND  POINTED  DRILLS,  now  brought  to  the 
highest  state  of  perfection,  are  prepared  to  fill  ordors 
for  the  IMPROVED  PROSPECTING  AND  TUNNELING 
DRILLS,  with  or  without  power,  at  short  notice,  and 
at  reduced  prices.  Abundant  testimony  furnished  of 
the  great  economy  and  successful  working  of  numerous 
machines  in  operation  in  the  quartz  and  gravel  mines 
on  this  coast.  Circulars  forwarded,  and  full  infor- 
mation given  upon  application. 

A.  J.  SEVERANCE  &  CO. 
Office,  No.  320  Sansome  street,  Room  10. 


GOLD    MINE    WANTED. 

One  now  paying  more  than  expenses.     Addres 

W.    S.    KEYES,    M.    E., 
No.  310  Pine  St,  Room  42.   San   Francisco 


Prompt  Attention  to  Business. 

Aurora,  New,  Dec.  7th,  1878. 
Messrs.  Dewey  &  Co.,  S.  F.— Dear  Sirs:—1  acknowl- 
edge the  receiptor  my  patent  per  express  this  morning, 
and  am  obliged  for  same.  I  do  not  know  what  to  say  to 
you  regarding  your  prompt  attention  to  business,  but  will 
say  to  ray  friends  what  I  cannot  say  to  you.  Many  thanks 
is  what  you  will  get  from   Yours  truly,        C.  W.  Lake. 


March  29,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


207 


BURLEIGH   ROCK   DRILL,       HOOK 

Does  more  work  at  Less  Cost  And 

THAN  ANY  OTHER   ROCK  DRILL.   LADDER 

FIRS  ENGINES,        Tru<*s. 
Babcock  Chemical  Engines, 

Hose  Carts  and  Fire  Extinguishers. 


Mining    Machinery    Depot, 

PARKE   &   LACY,   417   Market  St. 

AIR  COMPRESSORS  and  ROCK  DRILLS. 

HOISTI1TG    E1STGI1TES, 

ALL  SIZES.  DOIH1.K  AND  SISUI.K,  WITH  SINGLE  and  DOUBLE  KEELS. 

Pressure  Blowers.     Diamond  Anti-Friction  Metal.     Flexible   Shafts. 
PUMP 

lti'/7         Centrifugal  Pumps  for  Irrigating.       BURLE|GH  A|R    C0^PRESS0R 
AIR 
COLUMN. 

Putnam's    Wood-Working    Machinery. 


Gives  Better  Results  than  any 
Compressor  Know*n. 


DEANE'S     STEAM      PUMPS, 

VERTICAL     AND     HORIZONTAL. 


MACHINISTS'   TOOLS. 

Lathe  Chucks.     Farmers'  Battery. 

HILL'S    EXPLODERS. 
SEND    FOR  CIRCULARS. 


RUSSELL'S  AMALGAMATOR. 


Patented  June  25th,  1878. 


SAVE    YOTTIR,    GOLD 
And    Also    SAVE    YOUR    QUICKSILVER. 

The  abovo  Washer  and  Amalgamator  with  new  patent  Wire  Bridge  Quicksilver  Boxes  attached,  can  ho  worked 
wet  or  dry,  either  by  hand,  steam,  horse  or  water  power,  and  is  easily  taken  apart  and  packed.  For  washing1  Pulp, 
Earth,  Gravel,  Mill  Tailings  or  Black  Sand,  it  is  without  a  rival. 

Has  been  Thoroughly  Tested  and  given  Complete  Satisfaction. 


The  entire  Lining,  Hanging  Plates,  Riffles  and  Boxes  Amalgamated 

IS    GUARANTEED    TO   SAVE    THE    FINEST    OR    FLOAT    GOLD. 

Capacity,  30  to  60  tons  per  day,  according  to  size.     For  further  particulars  apply  to 

J.  MORIZIO,  Gen'l  Agt.. 

Room  24,  Safe  Deposit  Building,  Corner  Montgomery  and  California  Streets,    SAN  FRANCISCO. 


I      SANDERSON  BROS.  &  GO.'S 

Best  Refined.  Cast-Steel. 

Warranted  Most  Superior  for  Drills,  Hammers,  Etc. 

A  full  and   complete  stock  of  this  reliable  and  well-known 
brand  of  Steel,  for  mining  and  other  uses,  now  in  stock  and  for  sale 

At  No.  417  Market  St.,  S.  F.,   -    H.  D.  Morris,  Agent. 


San   Francisco   Pioneer   Screen   Works, 

J.  W.  QUICK,  Manufactorer, 


THE    AMERICAN 


'»« 


Several  first  premiums  received 
I  for  Quartz  Mill  Screens,  and  Per- 
I  forated  Sheet  Metals  of  every 
I  description.  I  would  call  special 
I  attention  to  my  SLOT  CUT  and 
SLOT  PUNCHED  SCREENS, 
I  which  are  attracting  much  at- 
I  tention  and  giving  universal 
1  satisfaction.  This  is  the  only 
_  establishment  on  the  coast  de- 
"  voted  exclusively  to  the  manufac- 
ture of  Screens.  Mill  owners  using  Battery  Screens  exten- 
sively can  contract  for  large  supplies  at  favorable  rates. 
Orders  solicited  and  promptly  attended  to. 

32  Fremont  Street.  San  Francisco. 

Prompt  and  Successful. — 3fessrs.  Dewey  «t*  Co: — Gci 
tlemen:  Your  Circular  letter,  12th  inst.,  informing  me  of 
successful  termination  of  my  applicatiou  for  patent  re- 
ceived. Please  accept  thanks  for  the  prompt  and  suc- 
cessful manner  in  which  you  hay?  managed  this  business 
Yours  respectfully,  \ J.  H.  Cavanadgh 

Walla  Walla,  Dee.  24th. 


■TURBUTE 


All  sizes, 
and.  adapted  to" 

from  .  _        _   

3to500      Water  Wheels 


feet  head. 


THE  BEST  IN  THE 
WORLD  ! 

Send  for  our  Circular 
and  Prices. 

BERRY  &  PLACE. 

'  Market  St. ,  Head  of  Front, 

San  Francisco. 


THE  SAFETY  POWDER  COMPANY, 

Sazi  Francisco,  Cal. 


CARTRIDGE. 


GEN.  W.  S.  R0SECRANS, 
President. 


Fuse  Lighter  and  Fuee. 


Safety  Cap  and  Fuse. 


COL.  SAM'L  0.  GREGORY, 
Secretary. 


Electric  Cap. 


Safety  Powder,  Caps,  Electric  Caps,  and  Fuse  Lighters. 

Under  a  aeries  of  U.  S.  Patents,  after  long  and  carefully  conducted  experiments  and  thou- 
sands of  tests,  this  Company  is  prepared  to  manufacture  and  supply,  for  Mining  and  Engineering 
Works,  the  above  named  articles  at  prices  and  on  terms  as  favorable  as  articles  of  similar  grades 
are  now  supplied  in  this  market.  Our  Powders  contain  no  Nitro-glycerine,  no  Nitroline,  no  Gun 
Cotton,  no  Fulminates,  and  are  free  from  the  unavoidable  dangers  in  manufacturing 
transporting,  handling  and  using  of  all  high  grade  explosives  which  contain  those  elements. 

Cold  does  not  affect  them.  They  cause  no  headaches  or  other  inconveniences  in  handling, 
and  the  smoke  from  their  explosion  contains  no  poisoning  or  sickening  vapors. 

Their  blasting  force,  with  slight  tamping,  at  least  equals  that  of  any  Powders  now  used,  but 
they  admit  and  require  strong  tamping  to  bring  out  their  immense  and  peculiar  lifting  power 
which  follows  their  detonating  work.     They  should  be  fired,  therefore,  by  our 

Safety   Cap, 

Which  allows  tamoing  without  danger.  They  can  be  fired  by  any  caps  now  employed  in  blasting, 
but  the  use  of  these  is  always  dangerous  with  any  Powder,  and  the  loss  of  the  throwing  fpower 
resulting  from  lack  of  tamping  renders  it  with  our  Powders  doubly  objectionable. 

Our  SAFETY  CAPS  have  twice  or  thrice  the  force  of  triple  Giant  Caps.  When  set  on  fire 
they  do  not  explode,  but  merely  burn  off,  and  are  perfectly  safe  in  transporting  and  in  tamping. 

In  round  tin  boxes,  50  cents. 


The  Safety   Fuse   Lighter 


Cheap,  handy  and  sure  to  light  the  Fuse  upon  the  end  of  which  it  is  fastened,   only  needs  a  trial 
to  be  appreciated  by  every  miner  who  is  up  to  "snuffs."     25  Cents  per  box;  sent  by  mail. 

Safety   Fuse, 

Equal  to  the  best  in  the  market,  will  be  supplied  at  the  lowest  market  prices. 


In  consequence  of  spurious  imitations  of 

LEA    AND    PERRINS'    SAUCE, 

which  are  calculated  to  deceive  the  Public,  Lea  and  Perrins 
have  adopted  A  NE  W  LABEL,  bearing  their  Signature, 
thus, 

which  is  placed  on  every  bottle  of  WORCESTERSHIRE 
SA  UCE,  and  without  which  none  is  genuine. 

Ask  for  LEA  &•  PERRINS'  Sauce,  and  see  Name  on  Wrapper,  Label,  Bottle  and  Stopper. 
Wholesale  and  for  Export  by  the  Proprietors,  Worcester;  Crosse  and  Blackwell,  London, 
&c,  &C. ,'  and  by  Grocers  and  Oilmen  throughout  the  World. 

To  be  obtained  of  CROSS  &  CO..  San  Francisco. 


208 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[March  29,   1879. 


A.  L.  FISH  &  CO.,  9  and  1 1  First  St.,  S.  F.,  Cal. 


.A-IIR,    OOIMIIPIR/IESSOIR/S 

AND — - 

Air   Column, 

Steam 

PUMPS, 

AND 

Pump  Column, 
STEAM 

Fire  Engines 


BACON'S  HOISTING   ENGINE. 

Specially  adapted  to  use  in  Mines,  Hotels,  Factorios  and 
Steamships,  with  BACON'S  SAFETY  STOP. 


LATHES,  PLANES, 
ROCK  DRILLS,  Etc. 

STEAM     HAMMERS, 

ENGINE 

Governors, 

WINE, 
CIDER, 

AND 

UNION    ROCK    DRILL. 


TTnao      r'o'P'fo  We  guarantee  to  raise  Water  with  these  Pumps  1,000  feet,         I  iflTfj    JTr6SS6Si     Wo  offer  this  as  the  Least  Complicated  and  Moat 

JJ-UoD      \JCtI  Lbi  sintrle  lift,  without  shock  or  lar  on  Pumns  or  Pines.  Durable  Rock  Drill  vet  introduced. 


single  lift,  without  shock  or  jar  on  Pumps  or  Pipes. 


ENGINES,    BOILERS,    QUARTZ    MILLS,    SAW    MILLS,    &c. ,    &c. 


W.   T.   GARRATT'S 

BRASS  and  BELL  FOUNDRY 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 

MANUFACTURER  AND  IMPORTER  OF 

Church  and  Steamboat  BELLS  and  GONGS 
BRASS  CASTINGS  of  all  kinds, 
WATER  GATES,   GAS  GATES, 
FIRE  HYDRANTS, 

DOCK  HYDRANTS, 

GARDEN  HYDRANTS 

General  Assortment   of    Engineers'  Findings. 
Hooker's    Patent 
Celebrated 

STEAM  PUMP 

jJ3TThe  Best  and  Most 
Durable  in  use.  Also, 
a  variety  of  other 

PUMPS 

For  Mining  and  Farm- 
ing Purposes. 

ROOT'S  BLAST  BLOWERS, 

For  Ventilating  Mines  and  for  Smelting:  Works. 

HYDRAULIC    PIPES    AND    NOZZLES, 

For  Mining;  Purposes. 

Garratt's     Improved     Journal    Metal. 

IMPORTER   OF 

IRON  PIPE  AND  MALLEABLE    IRON    FITTINGS. 

ALL   KINDS   OK 

WORK  AND  COMPOSITION  NAILS, 

AT  LOWEST  RATES. 


GARDNERS' 


Celebrated 


Governor 


These  Steam  Governors   have   long 
been  known  as  THE  BEST,  and 
as  lately  Improved  and  Per- 
fected, they  have  no  Rival. 

THE    SAFETY     STOP 

On  these   Governors  is  alone  worth  double  the  price  of 
the  Governor.    We  have  sold  over  six  hundred,  and 

Never  one  has  Failed. 

They  aro  sold   at  the  same  price  (or  less)  as  ordinary 
Governors.     Send  for  Circular. 

BERRY  &   PLACE, 

Market,  head  of  Front  St.,  San  Francisco 

RARE    CHANCE. 

For  sale  or  to  lease,  a  two-thirds  interest  in  a  good  pay 
ing- country  newspaper.    Address  "Liberal,"  this  office. 


totepfe 


OBTAINED  IN  U.  S,  AND  FOREIGN 
COUNTRIES;  trademarks,  labels  and  copy- 
rights registered  through  DEWEY  &  CO. 'S 
Mining  and  Scientific  Press  Patent 
AirencF,  San  Francisco.  Send  for  free  circular 


This  paper  is  printed  with  Ink  furnished  by 
Chas.  Eneu  Johnson  &  Co.,  609  South  10th 
St.,  Philadelphia  &  50  Gold  St.,  N.  Y.. 


THE  CALIFORNIA  POWDER  WORKS. 


MANUFACTURERS  OF 


Sporting,  Cannon,   Mining,   Blasting  and 

HERCULES  POWDER 

HERCULES  POWDER  will  break  more  rock,  is  stronger,  safer  and  better  than  any  other 
Explosive  in  use,  and  is  the  only  Nitro-Glycerine  Powder  chemically  compounded  to  neutralize 
the  poisonous  fumes,  notwithstanding  bombastic  and  pretentious  claims  by  others. 

It  derives  its  name  from  Hercules,  the  most  famous  hero  of  Greek  Mythology,  who  was  gifted  with  superhuman 

streugth.    On  one  occasion  he  slew  several  giants  who  opposed  him,  and  with  one  blow  of 

his  club   broke  a  high  mountain  from  summit  to  base. 


No,  1  (XX)  is  the  Strongest  Explosive  Known. 
No.  2  is  superior  to  any  powder  of  that  grade, 

PATENTED  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE. 

ORDERS  RECEIVED  FOR  HERCULES  CAPS  AND  FUSE. 
JOHN  F.  LOHSE,  SECY. 

Office,  No.  230  California  Street,  -  -  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


A.  S.  HALL1DIE. 

Office,  No.  6  CaUtocnia^Streefc 

tANOlgOQ.   *■ — 
Meufer  in  all  iiiuU.of 

Iron  ¥uf  Steel  Wire  Rope, 

Flat  and  Round.  forMiningJ$hipping> 
Hoisting  and  Gjjj^Tvyfposes. 

cwrljjloto  ^wuextensivo 
thcWnited  States.  I  am 
:tnro  Wire  Hope  and  Cables 
of  airAh;Dgtn  or  size  at  short  notice,  and  guar, 
dtco  the  quality  and  'workmanship  equal  to 
any  ma<2e  at  home  or  abroadr—v 

Iron,  Sfeel-ajjd^lvajized  Wire 

Of  all  feixes  ok  naSr^or-Kado  to  older. 

Barl^Tence  Wire. 

Sola  Fropriciefof    \«A 
tnJs^iiBpoftatlefl'of  Ores.  EtCU 


MANUFACTURED  UNDER  A.   NOBEL'S  ORIGINAL  AND  ONLY  VALID  NITRO-GLYCERINE  PATENTS 

Nos.  ONE,    TWO    and    THREE. 
Stronger,    Better  and  Safer  than  any  other  High  Explosive. 

JTacLson    Powder 


IS  NOW  USED  IN  ALL  LARGE  HYDRAULIC  CLAIMS. 

It  breaks  more  ground,  pulverizes  it  better,  saves  time  and  money,  and  is    superseding 
powder  wherever  it  is  tried.     itSTTriple  Force  Caps  and  all  Grades  of  Fuse. 


the    ordinary 


BANDMANN,    NIELSEN    &    CO..  San  Francisco. 


Testimonials  as  to  the  perfect 
■working  of  the  Concentrator  to  be 
seen  at  the  offlce. 


The  FRUE  ORE  CONCENTRATOR. 

Adams  &  Carter,  Agents. 

JOHN    M.    ADAMS.  WM.     P.    CARTER. 

MINING  AND  MECHANICAL  ENGINEERS. 

Room  7,    No.  109  California  St.,  San  Francisco.     P.  O.  Box  2,06 


VULCAN  BLASTING  POWDER.  »===■- 

Wherever  it  has  been  given  a  test,  it  has  surpassed  all  other  high  explosives. 

Wnrkc  at    SAN  PABLO,  California,  I  Offipo      l*o.  123  California   Street, 

VVUIKbcll        and  RENO,  Nevada.  I  UIIH.B,  SAN    PRANCISCO.     ' 


PACIFIC    POWER    CO. 

Room  with  steam  power  to  let  in  the 
Pacific  Power  Co. 'a  new  brick  building, 
Stevenson  street,  near  Market.  Eleva- 
tor in  building.  Apply  at  the  Com- 
pany's office,  202  Sansome  St.,  room  7. 


Engraving  done  at  this  office, 


Mine    Wanted. 

The  advertiser  is  prepared  to  purchase  a  good  California 
Gold  mine;  gravel  or  quartz.  Must  be  in  a  condition  to 
be  examined  and  prospected. 

Send  full  particulars,  description,  location  and  price  to 
"Miner,"  care  of  Chas.  G.  Yale,  EBq.,  editorof  theMlNiNa 
and  Scientific  Press,  San  Francisco.  Cal. 


>r  aTSrcular, 

A.  S.  HAXXIDIE. 

QfflC^,  No,  6  CaUfornla.  St,  San  Eranclscft 


N.    W.    SPAULDINGF 


PATENT   DETACHABLE  TOOTH    SAWS, 

Manfuactory.  17  &  19  Fremont  St.,  S.  F. 


WANTED-$10,000. 

For  $10,000  cash  in  band  I  will  give  a  one-half  interest 
in  the  BLUE  JAY  and  ELEPHANT  QUARTZ  mines, 
situated  in  the  French  Creek  Mining;  District,  Siskiyou 
County,  Cal.  And  I  will  take  or  give  a  lease  on  said 
mines,  and  pay  or  receive  eight  per  cent,  on  the  amount 
invested.  For  further  particulars  apply  to  H.  C.  Cory, 
Etna  Mills,  Siskiyou  Comity,  California. 


Working    Ores    Dry. 

Pamphlets  on  DRY  AMALGAMATION  forwarded  free 
on  receipt  of  address  to       ALMAR1N  B.  PAUL, 
Room  20,  Safe  Deposit  Building,  San  Francisco. 


An  Illustrated  Journal  of 


BY    IXEWKY    .V     CO., 


SAN  FRANCISCO,  SATURDAY,  APRIL  5,  1879. 


VOLUME    AXXVIII 


The    Roys    and    Liliendahl     Whaling 
Rocket. 

Although  the  idea  of  killing  whales  by  means 
of  bombs  or  rockets  is  by  no  means  a  new  one, 
it  is  only  very  recently  that  the  plan  has  been 
successfully  carried  out  with  any  practical  re- 
mits. The  Roys  and  Liliendahl  whaling 
rocket,  views  of  which  are  given 
herewith,  is  an  ingenious  application 
of  the  rocket  principle  for  propelling 
an  immense  bomb-lance  with  an 
enclosed  loggle  or  harpoon  attach- 
ment, and  is  capable  of  carrying  a 
three-inch  rope,  or  the  ordinary 
whale  line,  with  equal  facility.  The 
manufacturers  of  this  weapon  contend 
that  it  is  the  most  destructive  imple- 
ment ever  devised  for  the  purpose  of  killing 
whales. 

The  Roys  whaling  rocket  has  been  known  for 
a  number  of  years,  but  its  introduction  and  use 
have  not   been  successful,  for  the   reason  that 
the  defects  in  construction  operated  against   its 
efficiency.     It  was  used  on  this  coast,  with  some 
measure    of    success,    in    different      localities. 
Messrs.    J.  N.  Fletcher  and  R.   L.   Suits,  407 
Front  street,    San  Francisco,    owners 
of   patent  rightB   for  this   coast,    ex- 
perimented with  the  rocket  for  some 
time  in  order  to  test  it  and  find   out 
tho  defects,  knowing  the  principle  was 
good.     They  found   that  it  had  been 
previously   made  too  light,  and   that 
there   was  not  powder  enough  in  it. 
Moreover,  in  order  to  make  it  cheap, 
the   details   of  the  construction  had 
not  been  carefully  worked  out.    They 
have  improved  upon  the  rocket,  made 
it  heavier  and    stronger,  and   finally 
made  a  practical  thing  of  it.     Its   de- 
fects have  been  entirely   eradicated, 
so    that  notwithstanding    the    great 
I  weight    of    the    projectile,  which   is    L 
I  about  32  pounds,  it  can  be  almost  as    ^Tz^-~\ 
I  easily  handled  as  an  ordinary  bomb-    H^1- 
i  gun;  and  what  is  particularly  notice-    p!7  - 
I  able,  can  be  forced  without  detriment    =e^£ 
1  to  the  shoulder. 

The  apparatus  consists  of  a  strong 
I  brass  cylinder  containing  the  pro- 
I  jectile  charge.  This  is  loaded  with  a 
I  peculiar  powder,  made  by  Fletcher  &  Suits 
I  themselves.  In  the  front  of  this  is  secured 
|  a  bomb  containing  an  explosive  charge,  and 
|  inside     of     it     is     a     harpoon      attached    to 

I  the  shell.     An  iron  is  secured  to  the  rear  end  of 
the  rocket,  to  which  is  attached  the  whale  line. 

1  The  bomb  has  a  bearded  or  barbed  point,   and 
when  projected  into  the  whale   by   the   rocket, 

j  explodes,    inflicting  a    fatal  wound. 

I  At  the  same  time  the  harpoon  takes 
its  hold,  and  the  boat  is  fastened   to 

j  the  whale  by  the  line  attached  to  the 
iron.     These  shots  are  good  for  killing 

I  and  fastening  to  a  whale  at  30  fathoms 

I  distance,   which  is,    of  course,    very 

j  much  further  than  an  ordinary  har- 
poon   is    available.     The  whole    ap- 

I  paratus  weighs  32  pounds,  and  from 
the  point  of  the  bomb  to  rear  end  of 
iron  is  six  feet  six  inches  in  length. 

A  peculiar  rest  is  used  in  firing  the 
rocket,  having  on  it  a  shield  to  pro- 
tect the  operator  from  the  fire  which 
issues  from  the  rear  end  of  the  rocket. 
The  rocket  is  set  in  the  reBt,  tho 
rear  end  of  which  is  placed  on  the 
shoulder,  and  by  discharging  a  pistol 
charge  into  a  hole  provided  for  the 
purpose — after  aim  is  taken — the 
projectile  is  discharged  and  the  rocket 
powder  carries  the  rocket,  bomb  and 
line  in  the  direction  required.  The 
construction  and  operation  will 
be  clearly  seen  from  the  accompanying  en- 
gravings. The  line  is  placed  in  the  usual  tub 
in  the  boat  coming  down  forward  of  the  stand- 
ard, as  will  be  Been  by  the  cut.  As  there  is 
absolutely  no  recoil,  the  rocket  can  be  used 
from  boats  of  light  construction,  as  well  as  from 
Bteam  launches  or  heavy  boats. 

Another  advantage  is  that  this  shot  loses  none 
of  its  force  or  velocity  when  it  has  penetrated 
the  water,  as  the  gas  having  a  denser  medium 
to  react  upon,  propels  the  shot  with  the  same 


velocity  that  it  would  through  the  air. 

The  manufacturers  have,  at  various  times  du- 
ring the  past  winter,  given  exhibitions  of  the 
practical  working  of  this  weapon,  and  the 
masters  of  whaling  vessels  have  been  so  favor- 
ably impressed  with  it  that  almost  the  entire 
fleet  sailing  from  or  visiting  this  port  are  now 
armed  with  it  as  part  of  their  outfit. 

Among  the  first  to  look  into  this  new  method 


the  old-fashioned  way  it  is  very  difficult  to  get 
near  enough  to  them  to  kill.  Very  little  prac- 
tice will  enable  anyone  to  shoot  the  rocket  very 
accurately,  and  wherever  it  Btrikes  it  kills,  no 
whale  getting  away  when  struck.  Messrs. 
Fletcher  &  Suits  have  acquired  the  right  of 
manufacture  and  Bale  of  theBe  rockets  for  this 
market.  Capt.  Williams,  an  owner  of  three 
whaling  vessels,  is  so  convinced  of  the  efficiency 


BOMB,    ROCKET    AND    IRON    OF    WHALING    ROCKET. 


of  whaling  was  that  veteran  whaleman  and 
Arctic  navigator,  Capt.  T.  W.  Williams.  He 
was  at  once  convinced  of  its  value  and  pur- 
chased a  large  number  for  his  vessels.  Capt. 
Cogan,  of  the  bark  Rainbow,  and  inventor  of 
the  Cogan  breech-loading  bomb-gun,  having 
seen  some  of  these  shots  fired,  was  so  favorably 
impressed  that  he  ordered  a  number  of  them  for 
his  vessel.     Capt.  Owens,  of  the  Coral,  has  also 


of  the  apparatus  that  he  says  he  would  not  go 
on  a  whaling  voyage  without  it.  In  fact,  its 
introduction  as  part  of  a  whaler's  outfit  is  no 
longer  a  matter  of  doubt,  all  those  who  have 
used  it  speaking  highly  of  the  apparatus. 

The  bark  Legal  Tender,  which  goes  up  to  the 
Arctic  in  June  to  bring  back  oil  from  the  fleet, 
will  take  up  a  number  of  guns  and  shots  for  the 
whalers  which  are  not  already  provided  with 


KILLING:    WHALE    WITH    THE    ROTS    AND    LILIENDAHL    WHALING    ROCKET. 


armed  his  vessel  with  them,  and  will  no  doubt 
give  a  good  account  of  them  when  he  returns 
from  the  Arctic.  Capt.  Smith,  of  the  steam 
brig  Siberia,  is  also  plentifully  supplied.  Capt. 
Canghell,  of  the  schooner  Newton  Booth,  has 
been  using  these  rockets  down  the  coast  so  suc- 
cessfully that  he  has  telegraphed  for  a  new  sup- 
ply of  shots.  Among  other  vessels  which  have 
them  we  may  mention  the   schooners   Leo  and 


them;  and  will  also  supply  additional   shots    to 
all  who  want  them. 


Pay  Rolls. — The  men  employed  in  some  of 
the  leading  mines  on  the  Comstock  received 
their  monthly  wages  a  day  or  two  since.  The 
amounts  disbursed  by  these  several  companies 
were   as  follows:     Savage,  $9,224;  Hale  &  Nor- 


Interaational  Meteorology. 

We  printed  last  week  an  item  calling  for  tho 
extension  of   the  work  of  the  Signal  Service  so 
that  daily    observations    could    be   exchanged 
between  all  the  leading  points  of   the  world  by 
telegraph.     It  seems  that   events  are  gradually 
tending  toward  this   result  and  through  direct 
efforts  of     our    own   Signal    Service 
which   has  pressed  the   subject  upon 
the  attention  of  other  nations.     The 
permanent  committee  of  the   Vienna 
Meteorological     Congress    have    just 
paid    the     United    States    the    high 
compliment     of  recommending   to  & 
proposed   second  congress  the  adop- 
tion throughout  the  world  of   a  plan 
for  exchanges  of  data  for  simultaneous 
weather  maps  or  other  purposes,  similar  to  one 
first  organized  for   the  United  States  by  Gen. 
Myer,  the  Chief   Signal  Officer,    in   1873,   and 
which  has   been   continuously  pursued   by  the 
Signal  Service  to  this  day. 

The  features  of  this  exchange,  as  set  on  foot 
by  the  United  States,  are  as  follows:  1st.  The 
Signal  Office  of  the  United  States  asks  all 
countries  to  make  and  record  daily,  on  land  and 
sea,  one  simultaneous  weather  observa- 
tion at  the  same  exact  instant  of 
time.  2d.  The  United  States  then 
exchanges  with  each  country  sepa- 
rately, making  an  especial  request  of 
each  to  establish  such  exchange.  3d. 
Each  country  sends  to  the  United 
States  every  15  days  its  own  observa- 
tions; all  are  thus  received  by  the 
United  States.  4th.  The  Signal 
Office  of  the  United  States  then  col- 
lates aud  prints  all,  its  co-incident 
observations  included,  and  returns 
in  this  shape  to  every  regular  obsei  ver, 
who  has  sent  continuously  a  single 
report,  the  reports  gathered  from 
almost  the  whole  northern  hemis- 
phere. For  one  report  sent  regularly 
I  by  any  regular  observer  anywhere, 
^^^e^=  on  ship  or  shore,  he  receives  500, 
^^^^  and  these  500  surround  and  cover 
nearly  the  northern  hemisphere.  It 
has  been  the  theory  of  the  Chief  Signal 
Officer  that,  with  such  information 
so  widely  diffused,  a  great  deal  of  work  will  be 
done  by  separate  observers  in  every  country 
which  will  be  of  use  to  all,  but  which  the  soli- 
tary observer  alone  could  never  think  of  under- 
taking unless  the  data  have  been  thus  laid  down 
before  him.  The  United  States  need  the  data 
for  themselves,  and  they  help  besides  an  inter- 
national union  of  brains  as  well  as  hands. 

For  nearly  six  years  this  exchange,  originated 
and  conducted  by  the  Signal  Ser- 
vice of  the  United  States,  has  been 
perfectly  successful,  almost  every 
civilized  nation  north  of  the  equator 
has  taken  part  in  it.  It  has  made 
possible  for  the  first  time  in  the 
history  of  the  world  the  preparation 
of  a  daily  simultaneous  map  of  the 
northern  hemisphere,  at  Washington 
(this  also  is  sent  to  each  observer), 
and  has  probably  advanced  the  study 
of  practical  meteorology  as  far  as  any 
one  undertaking  in  the  last   century. 


METHOD  OF  HOLDING  THE  ROCKET 


FIRING. 


Alaska,  brig  Hidalgo,  barks  Sea  Breeze  and 
Bank  Progress.  Capt.  Nye,  of  the  Mount  Wat- 
laston,  has  taken  15  shots  and  two  guns  on  his 
vessel. 

One  vessel  is  to  leave  shortly,  taking  with  her 
a  steam  launch  and  an  outfit  of  these  rockets, 
hunting  the  whale  with  steam  and  powder  in- 
stead of  oars  and  muscle.  By  the  use  of  this 
peculiar  rocket,  in  the  Acrtic,  where  the  bow- 
head  are  so  shy,  the  whale  can  be  killed  any- 
where within  a  distance  of  30  fathoms,  while  in 


cross,  $6,510;  Belcher,  $14,801;  Yellow  Jacket, 
$17,079;  and  the  Osbiston  Shaft,  Best  & 
Belcher,  and  Gould  &  Curry  a  total  of  $24,382. 

A  Monster  Quartz  Lode. — Dr.  A.  H.  Holds- 
worthy,  a  veteran  prospector,  has  just  discov- 
ered at  a  point  twenty  miles  northeast  of  Oro- 
ville,  a  quartz  lode  forty-six  feet  wide  and  trace- 
able by  the  croppings  for  a  mile  or  more.  The  ore 
shows  well  in  free  gold  and  sulphurets  and  the 
find  is  considered  one  of  great  value. 


Wonders  of  the  Yellowstone 
Region. — According  to  the  report  of 
P.  W.  Norris,  Superintendent  of  the 
Yellowstone  National  Park,  there 
exists  in  that  district  a  mountain  of 
obsidian  or  volcanic  glass.  It  stands 
on  the  border  of  an  immense  boiling 
spring,  whence  it  arises  in  high 
masses,  the  surface  so  smooth  that 
an  Indian  could  not  climb  up  it. 
It  is  well  that  a  tract  of  country  so 
abounding  in  strange  natural  curiosities  should 
have  been  reserved  from  settlement  and  set 
apart  for  public  uses. 


A  drunken  man  staggered  through  the  streets 
of  Red  Rock,  Penn.,  carrying  eight  pounds  of 
nitro-glycerine  in  a  bag  on  his  back.  He  finally 
fell  and  the  resulting  explosion  did  not  leave 
fragments  enough  of  him  to  bury. 

The  Sonora  revolution  is  practically  ended. 


210 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[April  5,  1879. 


vORRESPONDENCE. 


We  admit,  unendorsed,  opinions  of  correspondents.— Ens. 


Notes  from  Virginia  City. 

Editors  Press: — The  long-pending  compro. 
mise  between  the  mining  companies  and  the 
Sutro  Tunnel  Company  has  at  last  been  consum- 
mated, but  the  benefits  to  be  derived  by  the 
mining  companies,  in  the  way  of  drainage,  will 
be  delayed  for  some  months  to  the  all  mines  not 
situated  near  the  line  of  the  tunnel.  The  first 
to  take  advantage  of  it  will  be  the  Savage,  Hale 
&  Norcross,  and  Chollar  Potosi.  The  others, 
both  north  and  south  of  the  tunnel,  will  have  to 
wait  until  the  lateral  tunnels  reaches  them. 
The  tunneling  north  and  south  I  do  not  think 
can  be  commenced  until  the  sub-drain  is  com- 
pleted, and  the  boxes  in  place  and  covered,  and 
track  relayed.  But  the  fact  being  established 
that  there  is  to  be  no  more  talk  and  skirmishing 
between  the  mining  companies  and  the  tunnel 
company,  and  that  the  former  have  been  com- 
pelled to  acknowledge  that  they  cannot  well 
get  along  without  the  use  of  the  tunnel,  will 
have  a  tendency  to  give  people  more  confidence 
for  the  future  of  the  mines,  and  will  also  make 
it  more  certain  that  a  great  number  of  men  now 
out  of  employment  will  find  work  in  the  tunnel 
and  mines.  Of  course  some  time  must  elapse 
before  the  full  benefit  of  the  settlement  will  be 
realized,  but  the  uncertainty  as  to  the  result  of 
negotiations  between  the  contending  parties  is 
now  done  away  with,  and  we  must  now  wait  for 
the  benefits  to  accrue. 

The  probability  of  the  adoption  of  the  new 
Constitution  in  California  is  used  extensively  by 
the  "bears"  to  press  down  stocks  to  the  lowest 
figures  possible,  and  the  game  is  succeeding  to 
a  charm. '  It  seems  that  it  has  but  lately  be- 
come apparent  to  the  brokers  of  San  Francisco 
that  if  the  new  Constitution  is  adopted  their 
business  will  be  ruined,  and  that  the  gambling 
that  they  are  now  engaged  in  will  come  to  an 
end,  and  that  they  will  be  compelled  to  seek 
some  other  field  for  the  exercise  of  their  gen- 
iuses. I  am  inclined  to  thiuk  that  the  adoption 
or  rejection  of  the  new  Constitution  will  not 
effect  the  business  of  mining,  and  that  the  cry 
is  used  now  to  make  a  grand  smash  in  "securi- 
ties," and  that  the  same  brokers  who  say  that 
their  business  will  be  ruined  if  it  is  adopted  are 
only  doing  so  to  speculate  on  the  credulity  of 
the  masses.  They  have  now  about  six  weeks  in 
which  to  stock  the  cards  and  prepare  to  draw 
the  four  aces  when  the  time  comes  for  them  to 
show  their  hands.  If  that  new  Constitution  is 
to  be  so  ruinous  if  adopted,  why  has  it  not  been 
found  out  before  this?  The  fact  has  not  been 
discovered  until  lately. 

The  yield  of  bullion  from  the  Con.  Virginia 
for  this  month,  so  far,  has  been  in  excess  of  that 
of  last  month  to  this  time,  and  there  seems  to 
be  some  probability  that  a  dividend  will  be  de- 
clared for  the  month  of  March.  It  will  require 
two  or  three  months  before  Sierra  Nevada  will 
be  in  readiness  to  commence  the  extraction  of 
ore.  The  North  Con.  Virginia  shaft  has  reached 
the  1700  level  of  the  south  drift  of  the  Sierra 
Nevada,  and  the  east  shaft  has  been  connected 
with  the  drift  from  the  incline  on  the  2200 
level,  which  connection  has  improved  the  ven- 
tilation in  the  lower  levels  of  the  mine  greatly, 
and  will  enable  the  work  of  opening  up  the 
mine  to  be  proceeded  with  much  more  rapidity. 
The  incline  has  reached  the  2400  level,  but 
whether  a  station  will  be  cut  out  there  and  a 
crosscut  run  west  into  the  ore  body,  or  drift  be 
run  north  and  south  and  the  incline  extended  to 
a  further  depth,  is  not  known  to  outsiders. 

The  Leviathan  company  have  nearly  com-< 
pleted  the  repairs  of  damage  to  their  cage  and 
car  (occasioned  by  the  breaking  of  the  cable  and 
dropping  them  some  400  feet,  to  the  bottom  of 
the  shaft)  and  obtained  new  cables.  They  will 
be  in  readiness  to  start  up  again  in  a  few  days, 
when  I  believe  it  is  the  intention  to  commence 
crosscutting  on  the  north  750  level  drift,  east 
and  west,  which  must,  from  all  indications, 
bring  them  into  ore.  It  is  said  to  be  the  inten- 
tion of  the  Con.  Virginia  and  California  com- 
panies to  run  a  joint  drift  west  on  the  850  level. 
If  they  do  that,  the  probability  is  that  they 
will  go  far  enough  west  to  be  in  the  ground 
originally  belonging  to  the  companies  from 
which  Con.  Virginia  and  California  were  formed. 
It  is  a  well-known  fact  that  the  bonanzas  which 
they  discovered,  and  have  been  working  out, 
had  nothing  to  do  with  those  mines  as  originally 
located.  Those  companies  went  far  to  the  east 
and  sunk  their  shaft  into  separate  and  distinct 
bodies  of  ore  from  that  belonging  to  the  so-called 
Comstock  lode.  As  the  original  locators  of  east 
ore  bodies  had  not  the  means  with  which  to  con- 
tend for  them,  they  appropriated  them,  as  they 
will  continue  to  do  if  they  find  any  still  farther 
east,  although  they  may  have  to  drift  through 
hundreds  of  feet  of  syenite  rock  to  reach  them. 
This  aggressiveness  on  the  rights  of  others, 
practiced  by  the  Comstockers,  has  been  a  very 
unjust  thing,  but  on  the  principle  on  which 
they  act,  that  might  makes  right,  the  weaker 
party  have  had  to  succumb.  I  shall  have  more 
to  say  on  this  subject  at  another  time. 

J.  D. 

Virginia  City,  Mar.  25th.  I 


Mining   Notes   from   Siskiyou    County. 

Editors  Press: — The  miners  are  generally 
hard  at  work,  I  believe — at  least  all  the  creeks 
and  old  Scott  river  show  the  effects  of  mining 
in  their  muddy  waters.  We  have  some  en- 
couraging reports  from  our  quartz  mines;  extra 
good  prospects  and  some  big  bonanzas  are  re- 
ported. One  of  my  neighbors,  Mr.  H.  C.  Cory, 
informs  me  that  they  have  struck  a  good  pros- 
pect, to  say  the  least,  in  one  of  their  tunnels  on 
French  creek.  They  think  it  will  average  $30 
per  ton.  I  hope  it  may  last,  and  prove  to  be, 
indeed,  a  perfect  bonanza. 

I  am  of  the  opinion  that  there  are  good  mines 
in.  this  neighborhood,  and  that  the  near  future 
will  prove  them  to  be  so.  The  main  drawback 
heretofore  has  been,  that  the  parties  trying  to 
develop  these  mines  were  farmers,  with  work 
enough  at  home  in  the  dairy  and  on  the  farms 
to  occupy  their  time  and  require  their  whole  at" 
tention;  and  also  they  were  lacking  in  cash- 
This  latter  article  we  all  know  to  be  very  es- 
sential in  mining.  It  is  true  that  here,  at  home, 
these  mines  are  generally  considered  below  par, 
but  what  of  that?  If  their  owners  are  said  to 
be  fanatics  on  the  mining  question,  the  claims 
(for  they  are  really  nothing  better,  never  having 
been  developed  into  mines  .yet,  strictly  speak- 
ing,) prospect  well,  and  although  they  have  been 
prospected  for  a  number  of  years,  and  a  large 
amount  of  hard  labor,  besides  a  considerable 
quantity  of  money  has  been  expended  upon 
them,  yet  not  judiciously.  An  inexperienced 
man  cannot  do  as  much  in  this  line  with  a  year's 
work  and  $1,000  cash,  as  a  competent  man  of 
experience  can  do,  or  accomplish,  with  one- 
third  as  much. 

John  Daggett  worked  a  long  time,  met  with 
every  discouragement,  yet  struck  a  bonanza  at 
last,  and  one  that  seems  likely  to  last.  So,  too, 
the  Quartz  VaUey  mines,  Dick  Johnson  and 
many  others,  are  only  about  15  miles  northwest 
of  here.  They  prospected  and  worked  for  years 
in  the  face  of  every  opposition,  and  though  their 
neighbors  and  other  '  'knowing  ones"  cried 
"bust,"  "no  account,"  etc.,  yet  to-day,  afterthe 
mines  are  open,  they  are  proving  successes, 
some  of  them  grand,  excelling  the  most  san- 
guine expectations  of  the  owners.  I  promised 
Sir.  Cory  that  I  would  visit  his  mines  soon,  and 
write  what  I  may  see  with  my  own  eyes.  I  do 
not  believe  in  exaggerating  or  "  stretching  the 
blanket"  too  far;  it  has  caused  more  injury  than 
it  accomplishes  good.  I  could  find  items  enough 
to  send  in,  to  fill  the  whole  of  the  Press,  but  I 
don't  wish  to  place  anything  over  my  name  that 
I  am  doubtful  about,  or  that  I  believe  to  be 
false:  I  had  rather  say  less  and  be  sure  of  the 
correctness  of  that  little.  There  is  one  thing  I 
do  think,  and  that  is,  that  this  county  is  des- 
tined to  stand  high  among  the  mining  counties 
of  the  State  at  no  very  future  day.  We  need 
men  of  capital  and  experience,  combined  with 
industry  and  ambition.  I  think  the  Press 
should  be  better  patronized  by  the  people,  and 
truthful  accounts  and  items  handed  in  to  the 
different  local  and  traveling  correspondents — 
everything  of  interest,  in  fact,  for  publication. 
I  am  sure  we  will,  any  of  us,  take  the  time  to 
write  them  up.  It.  D.  Nunnaly. 

Etna  MUls,  March  3d. 


Renewal  of  Files  by  the  Sand-Blast. — 
Notwithstanding  the  doubts  which  have  been 
thrown  out  in  regard  to  the  practicability  of 
re-sharpening  files  by  the  use  of  the  sand-blast, 
the  application  of  the  principle  seems  to  be 
giving  good  satisfaction  in  Europe,  if  we  may 
give  credence  to  the  following  paragraph,  which 
we  clip  from  the  La  Qaceta  Industrial:  "The 
application  of  Tilghman's  sand-blast  to  the  res- 
toration of  worn-out  files,  is  becoming  very  gen- 
eral in  Europe.  A  file  of  moderate  dimensions 
requires  only  three  or  four  minutes  for  reno- 
vating. The  process  can  be  repeated  many 
times  before  the  files  need  to  be  recut,  and  the 
sand-blast  sharpening  lasts  six  times  as  long  as 
any  other.  The  sand  should  be  very  fine  and 
driven  with  great  velocity." 


Modified  form  of  Locomotive  Boiler, — 
Mr.  Verderber,  of  the  Hungarian  State  rail- 
ways, has  made  some  interesting  experiments 
with  a  modified  form  of  locomotive  boiler,  as  a 
means  of  avoiding  the  expense  of  frequent  re- 
pairs of  the  fire-box  of  the  locomotives  used  by 
him,  which  were  rapidly  destroyed  in  conse- 
quence of  sediment  from  bad  feed  water.  He 
found  by  actual  comparative  trials  that  the  fire- 
box is  superfluous  as  a  steam-generating  part  of 
the  boiler.  He  found  it  possible,  therefore,  to  re- 
place the  fire-box  by  a  combustion  chamber 
lined  with  fire-proof  material. 


Heat  on  Wrought  Iron  and  Steel. — It  is 
said  that  the  effect  of  heat  on  steel  is  quite  dif- 
ferent from  that  on  wrought  iron.  If  a  piece 
of  cast  steel  be  made  red-hot  and  is  quenched 
in  cold  water  it  will  become  longer,  but  if  the 
same  operation  be  performed  upon  a  piece  of 
wrought  iron  it  will  become  shorter.  The  pre- 
cise amount  of  the  alteration,  or  its  variation 
in  different  qualities  of  each  metal,  has  never 
been  determined,  although  it  is  of  great  import- 
ance in  work-shop  manipulations. 


Forest  Preservation  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 

That  we  have  not  ignored  nor  seemed  indif- 
ferent to  the  importance  of  duly  guarding  the 
timber  lands  of  California,  and,  indeed,  of  the 
entire  Pacific  coast,  from  unnecessary  waste, 
we  need  not  assure  the  readers  of  the  Press. 
That  we  have  ever  been  alive  to  the  momentous 
character  of  this  question,  discussing  it  with 
fulness  and  an  appreciative  sense  of  its  magni- 
tude, our  columns  amply  attest. 

Sir  J.  D.  Hooker,  the  distinguished  English 
botanist,  who  visited  this  coast  last  year,  has 
since  his  return  home  written  a  letter  to  Mr. 
Gray,  one  of  the  Yosemite  Commissioners,  giv- 
ing it  as  his  opinion  that  the  most  disastrous 
consequences  must  follow  the  destruction  of  the 
forests  in  this  State,  and  throughout  the  gr,eat 
interior  basin  lying  to  the  east  of  us.  The 
ability  to  continue  the  production  of  our  fruit 
and  cereal  crops  depends,  says  this  eminent 
scientist,  upon  an  abundant  and  uninterrupted 
water  supply,  which  in  turn  is  contingent  upon 
the  conservation  of  our  redwood  forests  near 
the  sea  coast  and  those  on  the  western  slopes  of 
the  Sierra  Nevada.  The  destruction  of  these 
forests  in  whole  or  in  large  part  will  subject  the 
State  alternately  to  disastrous  floods,  and  still 
more  disastrous  drouths,  to  say  nothing  of  tim- 
ber supplies  cut  off.  In  taking  measures  to 
guard  against  these  dire  results  it  will  not  suf- 
fice that  the  trees  over  small  areas  are  preserved 
if  the  great  body  of  the  forests  themselves  are 
destroyed.  Unprotected  from  the  elements 
these  small  patches  would  become  the  prey  of 
parasites,  be  attacked  by  disease  and  perish  also 
in  the  end.  As  a  preventive  measure,  this  gen- 
tleman suggests  the  adoption  of  a  system  of  for- 
est-felling by  selection,  the  same  to  be  placed  un- 
der State  supervision,  after  the  plan  adopted  by 
the  English  government  in  India  and  elsewhere. 
Prof.  Sargent,  Director  of  the  Botanic  Garden 
of  Harvard  University,  publishes  in  the  Nation 
a  still  more  extended  article  on  this  subject, 
copied  in  our  last  issue,  and  to  which  we  need 
but  refer  the  reader.  Emanating  from  such  au- 
thoritative sources,  and  coming  to  us  in  this 
shape  of  both  a  protest  and  appeal,  these  state- 
ments of  Sir  J.  D.  Hooker  and  Prof.  Sargent 
command  our  earnest  attention,  and  we  should 
see  to  it  that  the  government,  both  State  and 
National,  take  early  action  for  averting  these 
predicted  calamities.  As  yet  the  title  to  most 
of  our  forests  lands  remains  in  the  general  gov- 
ernment. 

While  the  destruction  of  timber  on  this 
coast  has  been  rapid  and  sufficiently  wanton,  it 
his  not  been  so  great  perhaps  nor  so  criminally 
wasteful  as  many  suppose.  Our  cities  and  towns, 
mostly  constructed  of  wood,  have,  through 
many  conflagrations,  been  compelled  to  a  fre- 
quent rebuilding.  In  San  Francisco  street  and 
sidewalk  planking,  block  paving  and  wharf 
building  have  heretofore  consumed  much  lumber; 
more  a  good  deal  than  will  probably  be  required 
for  these  purposes  in  the  future.  In  the  miniug 
districts  buildings  of  nearly  every  description  have 
from  the  first  been  made  of  wood,  those  erected  in 
the  earlier  days  being  mostly  composed  of 
logs  and  shakes,  the  latter  a  very  wasteful 
mode  of  employing  lumber  to  such  end, 
and  one  that  has  led  to  generally  exagger- 
ated notions  as  to  the  reckless  habits  of 
the  primitive  miners  and  lumbermen  in  this 
particular.  These  shakes,  a  long  thick  style  of 
shingle,  split  from  the  sugar  pine,  about  the 
most  valuable  wood  that  grows  in  our  Califor- 
nia forests,  were  used  for  both  covering  and  en- 
closing buildings.  Now  it  was  the  practice 
with  these  men,  if  after  felling  a  tree  it  did  not 
split  well,  to  leave  the  same  and  cut  down  an- 
other, so  keeping  on  until  they  found  one  to 
suit  them.  The  sight  of  these  noble  trees  so 
left  to  rot  where  they  fell  excited  afterwards  an 
amount  of  indignant  comment  that  caused  many 
to  think  they  had  been  destroyed  through  sheer 
wantonness.  And  one  of  these  old-fashioned 
log  cabins  took  timber  enough  if  sawed  into, 
boards  to  build  two  or  three  good-sized  houses. 
The  use  of  iron  pipes  instead  of  lumber  for 
flumes,  and  of  worn-out  rails  instead  of  blocks 
for  paving  sluices,  to  say  nothing  of  the  much 
more  general  substitution  of  iron  and  other  ma- 
terial for  wood,  must  hereafter  everywhere  tend 
to  diminish  the  consumption  of  the  latter? 
lessening  to  that  extent  these  drafts  upon  our 
California  forests. 

But  the  great  objection  to  cutting  down  the 
forests  in  this  State  is  not  based  so  much  upon 
a  prospective  scarcity  of  lumber  as  upon  the 
injury  it  will  work  our  agricultural,  mining  and 
other  great  industries.  In  the  woods  of  Ore- 
gon, Washington  Territory  and  British  Colum- 
bia, to  say  nothing  of  Alaska,  we  have  timber 
preserves  that,  even  with  the  heavy  demands 
being  made  upon  them,  must  last  for  a  long 
time  to  come.  So  great  are  our  lumber  re- 
sources in  that  direction,  that  they  require  no 
supervising  care  for  the  present.  Nor  here  in 
California  would  precautionary  measures  be- 
come so  necessary  were  it  not  that  the  tendency 
of  the  forests  to  reproduce  themselves  is  likely 
to  be  subverted  by  the  herds  of  browsing  ani- 
mals turned  out  upon  them,  and  which  threaten 
to  so  increase  that  but  few  young  trees  will  be 
spared  hereafter. 

Along  the  main  timber  belt  of  the  Sierra 
where  the  forests  have  been  removed  the  young 
conifers  spring  up  and,  if  not  eaten  off,  grow 
with  great  rapidity  and  vigor.  They  will  do 
so  even  in  spite  of  the  presence  of  neat  cattle, 
horses,  swine,  etc.,  but  it  is  doubtful  if  they 


say  nothing  of  the  still  more  predatory  and  vo- 
racious goat,  with  which  animals  the  westerly 
slopes  of  the  Sierra  are  beginning  to  be  thickly 
covered.  It  is  the  opinion  of  many  close 
observers  that  there  will  be  left  not  the  slight- 
est chance  for  these  forests  to  renew  themselves 
if  either  sheep  or  goats  are  permitted  to  pasture 
among  them  in  large  numbers.  However  this 
may  be,  such  regrowth  seems  possible  where 
only  other  kinds  of  stock  are  suffered  to  feed  on 
these  denuded  forest  lands.  In  support  of  this 
opinion  the  evidence  is  ample,  trees  of  new 
growth  standing  thick  around  some  of  the  old- 
est  mining  camps,  and  even  in  the  vicinity  of 
populous  towns  all  over  this  region.  Take  for 
example  the  country  about  Nevada  City  and 
Grass  Valley,  two  of  the  earliest  settled  as 
they  are  now  the  largest  towns  in  the  mining  die- 
tricts.  These  places  are  some  five  miles  apart 
and  yet  much  of  the  land  around  and  even  right 
between  them  is  covered  with  groves  of  splen- 
did  young  pines,  some  of  them  a  foot  or  more 
through  at  the  butt  and  from  sixty  to  eighty 
feet  high.  No  care  has  been  taken  to  prevent 
stock  of  any  kind  from  feeding  on  this  land, 
the  most  of  which  lies  in  common,  the  trees  on 
the  enclosed  and  unenclosed  portions  appearing 
to  have  flourished  alike.  It  is  now  about  29 
years  since  the  original  growth  of  timber  here 
began  first  to  be  cut  away,  the  life  of  these  new 
grove3  averaging  about  20  years.  As  they 
stand  very  thick  on  the  ground  these  groves, 
which  already  require  thinning  out,  would 
afford  a  great  deal  of  fuel,  as  in  another  20 
years  they  will  afford  suitable  material  for  mak- 
ing lumber. 

What  is  true  of  the  land  in  the  neighborhood 
of  the  towns  here  instanced,  is   true  of  the  en- 
tire western  declivity  of  the  Sierra  above  and  be- 
low certain  levels.     In  the   lower  foothills  and 
to  an  altitude  of   about   1,000  feet,   the  timber 
growth  is  confined   mostly  to  oak  and  two  spe- 
cies of   pine,    the  Pinus  contorta,  twisted  pine, 
and  the  Pinus  mbianiana,  a  scrubby  nut-bear- 
ing tree,  popularly  known  as   the  "Digger"  or  1 
"Bull"  pine.     Once  the  first  growth  is  here  cut 
away  the  process  of  self-planting   goes  on  not 
again  or  does  so  very  slowly,  this  being  the  case 
also    as   we  approach  the    upper   timber  line, 
which  in  these  mountains   varies  in  hight  from 
9,000  to  11,000  feet.     Throughout  the  whole 
intermediate  space,    however,   along  the    west 
face  of  this  range,  a  belt  varying  from  50  to  100 
miles  across  and  some  500   miles  in  length,  the 
young  trees,  upon  the  removal  of  the  old  stock,   . 
sprout  up  and  grow  in  the  most  thrifty  manner,  1 
as  they  will   continue  to   do,  no   doubt,  if  pro- 
tected  from  the   ravages   of  domestic  animate, 
and    perhaps    also    without    such     protection, 
observers   not  being  agreed  on  this   point.     If  ! 
sheep  are  so  destructive   to  the   young  trees  as  1 
some  have  feared,  it  is  a  little  siogular  that  the  1 
new  growth  should  have  made  such  progress  in 
these  early  settled  and  populous  neighborhoods, 
where  many  of  these  animals   must  have  been    > 
kept  if  for  no  other  purpose  than  the  shambles,  ;i 
and.  where  as   is  well  known   no  care  has  been    : 
taken  to  keep    them    off  these    land.     How-  I 
ever  this   may  be,  certain   it  is  that  Nature, 
if  we  give    her    a  fair  chance,    will    do    the 
replanting  here   and   bring    forward  the    new  k] 
crop  of  spruce,  cedar  and   pine  without  any  aid 
or  supervision  on  the  part  of    man.     But  we   J 
must  see  to   it  that  she   is  not  defeated  in  her 
beneficent  and  self-imposed  task.     It  will  be  to    1 
little  purpose  she  essays  the  practice  of  her  'j 
forestry  if  we   carelessly  neglect  to   second  her   1 
efforts   or  criminally  interfere  to  defeat  them.    ] 
If  it   shall  be  found  that  sheep  and   goats  or  1] 
any  other  class  of  animals   are  likely  to  destroy    I 
the  young  trees  or   in   any  way   prove   detri-    j 
mental  to  their  growth,  there  would  have  to  be   I 
measures  adopted  to  regulate  the  matter. 

In  the  great  interior  valleys  of  California  tree  I 
culture  has  begun,  and  will  soon  reach  such  di-  I 
mensions  as  will  more  than  repair  any  damage  I 
they  may  have  sustained  through  the  cutting  I 
down  of  the  primitive  growth  of  timber  there,  I 
which  never  was  great.  As  for  the  State  of 
Nevada  and  most  other  parts  of  the  great  basin, 
their  timber  growth  is  too  sparse  and  stunted  to 
be  worth  considering  in  this  connection.  From 
the  eastern  base  of  the  Sierra  Nevada  to  the 
Wasatch  range,  a  distance  of  GOO  miles,  the 
only  trees  to  be  found,  excepting  a  few  worth- 
less cottonwoods  along  some  of  the  rivers,  con- 
sist of  a  species  of  scrubby  pine  and  juniper 
scattered  sparsely  along  the  mountain  sides, 
with  here  and  there  a  grove  of  white  pine,  also 
a  scrubby  sort  of  tree  but  large  enough  to  make 
a  poor  kind  of  lumber.  To  talk  of  preserving 
these  trees  where  there  exist  such  stringent 
necessities  for  their  use,  or  to  consider  them 
with  reference  to  their  climatic  effects,  would 
be  idle.  Without  using  this  timber,  poor  as  it 
is,  the  mines  could  not  be  worked,  while  it  is 
altogether  too  stunted  and  sparse  to  exercise 
any  appreciable  influence  upon  the  rainfall  or 
other  meteorological  feature  of  the  country. 
For  the  public  authorities  to  attempt  any  inter- 
ference looking  to  its  preservation  would  be 
useless;  all  that  should  be  attempted  in  that 
direction  being  to  experiment  with  a  view  to 
finding  the  species  of  tree  best  adapted  for  cul- 
ture in  these  arid  mountains,  valleys  and  wide- 
spread plains,  and,  when  found,  to  plant  it  as 
extensively  as  possible. 

Telegraphing  to  Running  Trains.— C.  M- 
Gariel  describes  the  successful  working  of  Bail- 
lehache's  invention  for  signalling  to  and  from 
trains  in  motion,  on  a  part  of  the  line  which 
connects  the  Champs  de  Mars  with  the  station 


at  Grenelle.     The  experiments  were  so  success- 
ful that  they  are  likely  soon  to  be  repeated  on  a 
can  withstand  the  depredations  of  the  sheep,  to  :  much  larger  scale. — La  Nature. 


April  5,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


211 


.ECHANICAL     'PROGRESS, 


Two  Great  Fairs. 

There  are  two  great  international  exhibitions 
approaching  which  should  receive  the  attention 

of  Pacific  coast  manufacturers  and  producers. 
The  oouutrios  now  preparing  for  them  lie  near 
this  coast,  commercially  speaking,  and  to  make 
a  good  impression  upon  those  engaged  in 
developing  the  resources  of  those  countries,  will 
go  a  good  way  toward  securing  a  profitable 
trade  for  the  manufactures  which  are  made 
best  on  this  coast  The  influence  of  large  in- 
dustrial expositions  upon  the  development  of 
export  trade  is  much  more  widely  recognized 
now  than  before  the  holding  of  our  centennial 
display  at  Philadelphia.  Exhibitors  at  that  ex- 
position have  heard  from  the  uttermost  parts  of 
the  earth,  and  American  machines  and  manu- 
factured articles  have  secured  introduction  in 
many  countries  which  before  had  thought  that 
only  England  and  the  Continent  of  Europe 
could  supply  their  needs.  Among  other 
countries  which  had  their  eyes  opened  to  the 
desirability  of  American  manufactures  was 
Australia,  and  the  disposition  of  favor  toward 
our  manufacturers  is  now  quite  prevalent  in  the 
islaud  colonies.  California  will  share  largely 
in  this  feeling.  In  fact  the  Australians  keep 
a  sharp  eye  on  the  progress  of  industrial 
methods  and  appliances  on  this  coast,  that  they 
too  may  profit  by  any  real  improvement  which 
may  be  made  here.  Nor  are  other  classes  of 
machinery  neglected.  We  read  the  other  day 
I  that  one  of  the  Australian  colonies  had  appoiut- 
I  ed  a  commissioner  to  come  to  thia  coast  and 
I  study  the  boring  of  artesian  wellB,  and  purchase 
au  outfit  of  the  best  tools,  for  use  there 
I  on  experiments  under  the  auspices  of  the 
I  government.  These  are  but  few  of  the  many 
indications  that  there  may  be  a  great  future  for 
trade  in  our  productions  with  Australia — a 
I  trade  which  has  already  reached  respectable 
I  proportions  in  some  lines  of  produce  and  mer- 
chandise. 

These  facts  naturally  lead  to  mention  of  the 
Australian  International  exhibition  which  will 
be  opened  in  Sydney,  in  August  or  September 
next.  Thft  managers  invite  the  fullest  exhibi- 
tion of  Pacific  coast  products.  An  acre  of  space 
has  been  set  apart  for  tho  United  States.  No 
charge  will  be  made  for  space,  and  if  early  notice 
is  given  motive  power  will  be  supplied.  The 
preparations  for  the  exposition  are  going  forward 
rapidly  and  on  a  liberal  scale,  the  drawings  of 
the  buildings  which  we  have  seen,  representing 
imposing  and  well  planned  structures.  There 
is  a  point  which  will  restrict  exhibitions  from 
this  coast,  and  that  will  be  the  high  rates  of 
freight  prevailing,  but  it  would  certainly  seem 
to  the  interest  of  carrying  companies  to  remove 
this  obstacle  or  reduce  it  as  much  as  possible, 
beoause  displays  of  articles  suited  to  local  needs 
in  Australia  will  lead  to  many  shipments  in  the 
near  future.  It  is  a  project  in  the  realization 
of  which  these  companies  will  share  largely  in 
the  benefits  and  a  liberal  policy  would  seem 
wise. 

Another  international  exposition  which  we 
would  mention  is  one  planned  by  the  Mexican 
republic,  and  to  be  held  in  the  City  of  Mexico 
in  1880.  The.  Mexican  republic  has  suffered 
severely  during  the  last  few  years  by  various 
reverses.  The  distinguished  Minister  of  the  In- 
terior, Riva  Palacio,  in  his  circulars  announcing 
the  exhibition,  remarks  that  in  harmony  with 
the  opinion  of  many  distinguished  citizens,  the 
Mexican  Executive  believes  that  the  origin  of 
the  greater  evils  which,  until  now,  the  country 
suffers  is  an  economical,  rather  than  a  political 
one,  and  that  in  order  to  check  those  evils,  not 
only  are  the  patriotic  efforts  of  the  good  sons  of 
Mexico  required,  but  also  the  effective  concur- 
rence of  foreign  intelligence  and  capital. 

The  Executive  believes  that  an  international 
exhibition — the  most  proper  means  of  bringing 
together  the  intelligent  and  enterprising  men  of 
all  nations — must  be  favorable,  by  this  mere 
fact,  to  the  realization  of  the  ends  indicated. 
Foreign  exhibitors,  as  well  as  those  of  the  Mex- 
ican States,  will  be  free  to  exhibit  their  articles 
in  the  buildings  or  pavilion  raised  by  the  gov- 
ernments of  their  respective  nations  or  States, 
or  in  the  common  building  for  the  exhibition, 
as  it  may  suit  their  interests.  The  governments 
that  maintain  relations  with  that  of  the  republic 
will  be  respectfully  invited  to  send  special  com- 
missioners to  the  exhibition.  In  due  time  the 
ports  of  entry  for  objects  destined  to  the  ex- 
hibition will  be  determined.  These  objects,  in 
accordance  with  the  regulations  that  the  De- 
partment of  Finance  will  duly  issue,  shall  pay 
no  duties,  except  in  case  of  sale,  and  may  re- 
main exposed  six  months  exempt  from  all  local 
or  warehouse  charges.  The  Managing  Com- 
mittee will  shortly  publish  in  the  Italian,  Eng- 
lish, French  and  German  languages,  and  with 
the  approval  of  this  department,  the  necessary 
regulations  for  carrying  out  the  exhibition  in 
the  most  advantageous  manner  to  the  exhibitors 
and  to  the  republic. 

This  is  also  a  movement  in  which  the  Pacific 
coast  States  and  Territories  can  with  profit  take 
a  share,  for  if  Mexican  production,  trade  and 
progress  revive,  we  shall  be  in  the  way  to  share 
its  benefits.  We  have  one  of  the  most  com- 
manding commercial  positions  in  the  world, 
geographically;  we  should  see  to  it  that  our  ad- 
vantages are  employed  to  their  fullest  extent. 


A  Gigantic  Ocean  Steamer. 

Ocean  travel  has  not  met  with  any  important 
changes  or  improvements  unce  the  first  intro- 
duction of  larj»e  sea-going  steamers.  There  has 
been  no  great  improvement  either  in  tho  mode 
of  construction,  speed  or  comfort  of  paM.st-Migvrs 
on  ocean  steamers,  since  the  establishment  of 
the  Cunard  line  between  New  York  and  Liver- 
pool. But  it  cannot  bo  supposed  that  in  an  age 
of  invention,  such  as  this  in  which  we  are  now 
living,  oceau  travel  must  be  the  only  exception 
to  progress  and  impiovement.  At  least  this 
has  been  the  opinion  of  one  enterprising  family 
— the  W'inans  family,  of  Baltimore.  Most  of 
our  readers  have  had  more  or  less  knowledge 
that  for  the  last  tweuty  years  or  more,  the 
Winans  brothers  have  been  engaged  in  experi- 
ments on  a  most  costly  scale,  looking  to  au  im- 
portant advance  in  the  construction  of  ocean 
steamers  for  rapid  transit. 

Possessed  of  almost  unlimited  means  and  of 
the  highest  order  of  inventive  and  constructive 
genius,  these  gentlemen  have  never  lost  sight 
of  this  one  object,  and  the  public  is  now  assured 
that  they  are  about  to  enter  practically  upon 
their  now  mode  of  steamer  construction.  They 
have  expended  already  over  §3,000,000  in  ex- 
periments alone,  without  receiving  a  dollar  m 
return.  So  exhaustive  and  complete  have  been 
these  experiments,  and  so  well  assured  are  thty 
of  success  that  the  first  steamer  which  they  will 
build  will  be  upon  the  most  gigantic  scale — far 
exceeding  the  dimensions  of  the  Great  Eastern, 

One  of  the  chief  features  of  novelty  in  the 
Winans'  steamer  will  be  its  cigar-shaped  hull, 
which  will  be  1,200  feet  in  length — 508  feet 
longer  than  the  Great  Eastern.  It  will  have  en- 
gines of  100,000  horse-power,  and  will  be  pro- 
pelled by  two  screws  under  the  after  quarter 
of  the  vessel.  The  average  speed,  based  upon 
most  extensive  practical  experiments,  and  the 
most  thorough  scientific  calculation,  will  be  23 
miles  an  hour. 

Another  important  and  novel  feature  will  be 
a  tower  150  feet  high,  containing  in  part  state- 
rooms looking  out  on  circular  balconies,  but 
having  within  a  hollow  cylinder  vertically 
throughout  its  entire  length  and  traversed  by 
an  immense  weight  susceptible  of  being  ad- 
justed at  any  desired  hight.  The  effect  that 
this  tower  produces  upon  the  motion  of  the 
vessel  is  precisely  the  reverse  of  that  which 
one  would  most  readily  infer.  When  "scaled" 
to  a  proper  hight,  in  proportion  to  the 
"beat"  or  motion  of  the  waves  prevailing,  it 
absolutely  prevents  all  rolling.  The  great 
length  of  this  steamer  will  prevent  pitching,  so 
that,  presuming  it  justifies  the  claims  and  ex- 
pectations of  the  inventors,  it  should  be  very 
advantageous  for  purposes  of  ocean  travel.  It 
is  designed  for  the  trans-Atlantic  mail  and 
passenger  service,  and  their  port  of  entry  in 
this  country  will  be  New  London,  Conn.,  of 
which  a  special  survey  was  made  three  years 
ago  with  this  view.  Mil  ford  Haven  is  expected 
to  be  the  port  of  entry  for  Great  Britain. 

That  it  will  revolutionize  ocean  travel  is  the 
conviction  of  the  Messrs.  Winans,  and  on  that 
conviction  they  have  expended  millions,  and  are 
about  to  expend  still  more,  it  being  their  inten- 
tion to  construct  three  other  similar  vessels  as 
soon  as  that  described  shall  have  been  success- 
fully operated.  The  estimated  cost  of  construc- 
tion of  these  vessels  is  £1,000,000  sterling  each, 
and  it  is  confidently  believed  by  the  Messrs. 
Winans  and  many  of  their  friends,  that  they 
will  accomplish  the  passage  of  the  Atlantic  in 
less  than  six  days  at  all  seasons,  and  in  spite  of 
any  weather  which  has  been  known  as  yet  on 
that  ocean. 


New  Light  on  Steel  Making. 

It  would  seem  that  the  presence  of  more  than 
one  or  two-tenths  per  cent,  of  phosphorus  in 
pig  iron  is  no  longer  to  be  considered,  as  here- 
tofore, an  insuperable  obstacle  to  its  conversion 
into  ingot  steel.  It  has  been  fully  established 
that  as  much  as  0.32%  of  phosphorus  can  be 
tolerated  in  very  mild  steel,  and,  as  it  is  well 
known,  large  quantities  of  Martin  steel  made 
from  oid  iron  rails  and  pure  pig  have,  by  the 
aid  of  ferro-manganese,  been  manufactured  on 
this  principle.  The  difference  between  the  cost 
of  changing  old  iron  rails,  and  that  of  using 
pure  materials,  is,  however,  in  most  localities 
not  sufficient  to  cover  the  extra  expense  of  using 
ferro-manganese. 

It  remained,  however,  an  axiom  with  steel 
makers,  that  no  removal  of  phosphorus  could 
be  hoped  for  in  any  direct  steel  process  till  it 
was  announced  from  the  Blaenavon  iron  works 
that  there  were  means  by  which  phosphorus 
could  be  removed  with  certainty  and  economy, 
and  that  intensity  of  temperature  was  no  ob- 
stacle to  its  removal.  In  confirmation  of  the 
Blaenavon  experiments,  we  learn  that  very  im- 
portant resultB  have  been  obtained  in  Belgium 
with  M.  Ponsard's  forno-convertisseur  lined 
with  one  of  the  Blaenavon  basic  preparations. 
The  maintenance  of  the  necessary  highly  basic 
slag  was  effected  by  the  addition  of  lime  and  a 
certain  amount  of  ore,  as  prescribed  by  Mr. 
Thomas,  the  patentee  of  the  process,  who 
assisted  at  the  operations.  In  the  first  cast  of 
four  tons,  notwithstanding  that  the  operations 
were  conducted  under  very  unfavorable  circum- 
stances, an  analysis  of  the  steel  showed  that 
90%  of  the  phosphorus  contained  in  the  pig  had 
been  removed.  An  examination  of  samples 
taken  at  intervals  shows  a  progressive  decrease 
of  phosphorus  in  the  bath  and  its  transference 
to  the  slag;  the  amount  of  silica  in  the  latter 
being  kept  at  about  22%.     A  somewhat  more 


basic  Blag  jb,  however,  generally  preferred.  The 
second  east  gave  very  similar  results.  As  the 
Ponsard  apparatus  is  able  to  deal  with  pi^  very 
low  in  silicon  there  appears  to  be  now  110  class 
of  pig  which  may  not  be  considered  as  available 
f«.r  the  manufacture  of  steel.  The  only  impurity 
which  is  not  removed  almost  completely  is  sul- 
phur, though  this  is  eliminated  to  a  consider- 
able extent;  fortunately,  however,  sulphur  is 
readily  removed  in  tho  blast  furnace.  We 
understand  it  is  now  in  contemplation  to  regu- 
larly work  the  Ponsard  converter  in  combina- 
tion with  the  new  basic  process  on  tho  highly 
phosphoretie  pig  of  Belgium  and  Germany. 
This  will  give  an  economy  of  from  30  to  50 
francs  a  ton  over  the  use  of  Bessemer  pig,  and 
give  a  fresh  life  to  tho  drooping  fortunes  of  the 
manufacturers  of   phosphorotic  pig. — Iron  Aye. 


3F 


tCIENTIFIC 


ROGRESS. 


Progress  of  Electric  Lighting. 

Prof.  Tyndall  devoted  one  of  his  recent 
lectures  before  the  Royal  Institution  of  London 
to  a  brief  review  of  the  progress  which  is  being 
made  toward  the  practical  introduction  of  the 
electric  light.  He  commenced  by  saying  that 
the  electric  light  has  been  known  for  70  years — 
as  in  1808,  and  again  in  an  improved  form  in 
1S10,  it  was  shown  to  audiences  at  the  Royal 
Institution.  Sir  H.  Davy's  carbon  points 
"throw  sunshine  into  the  shade,"  and  in  1808, 
2,000  pairs  of  plates  produced  such  heat  from 
the  current  they  gave  that  quartz  and  calcium 
were  melted  as  wax.  It  waa  early  known  that 
to  produce  heat  and  light  in  a  circuit  there  must 
be  resistance.  This  was  illustrated  by  a  wire 
composed  alternately  of  platinum,  which  resists, 
and  of  non-resisting  silver,  when  on  the  passage 
of  a  current  the  platinum  became  dazzlingly 
white  hot.  A  non-resisting  copper  wire  will 
carry  enough  electricity  to  split  a  resisting  oak 
tree.  In  the  case  of  two  carbon  points  this  re- 
sistance causes  the  one  point  to  waste  with 
double  the  rapidity  of  the  other.  This  is  one 
of  the  two  great  obstacles  to  the  general  intro- 
duction of  the  electric  light.  The  second  is  a 
more  serious  one,  depending  on  an  inexorable 
law  of  nature  which  demands  an  expenditure  of 
force  of  one  kind  for  the  production  of  another. 

Zinc  may  be  burnt  in  air — that  is,  oxidized; 
it  maybe  also  "burnt"  or  oxidized  in  acidulated 
water  ;  but  it  has  to  displace  the  oxygen  from 
the  hydrogen  for  this  to  occur,  and  four-fifths  of 
the  heat  produced  are  used  up  in  this  process. 
So  that  when  zinc  is  thus  "  burnt "  only  the  re- 
maining one-fifth  is  available.  The  rate  of 
"  burning  "  makes  no  difference  ;  one  ounce  of 
zinc,  for  example,  always  gives  out  the  same 
amount  of  heat.  This  "burning"  of  zinc,  which 
had  been  used  in  the  production  of  electricity, 
was  an  expensive  fuel,  and  this  seemed  to  be  a 
very  great  drawback  to  the  general  use  of  the 
electric  light. 

In  the  year  1831  a  discovery  was  made  by 
Faraday  —  that  of  magneto- electricity.  He 
showed  that  when  the  earth's  lines  of  magnetic 
force  are  cut,  an  electric  current  is  produced. 
Prof.  Tyndall  quoted  Faraday's  saying,  that  he 
would  rather  occupy  himself  in  finding  fresh 
effects  than  spend  his  time  in  exalting  those 
effects.  But  it  was  the  exaltation  of  those  ef- 
fects which  he  first  studied  in  a  simple  way 
which  has  led  to  the  present  possibilities  of  our 
electric  lighting. 

In  1S54",  Werner  Siemans,  of  Berlin,  invented 
what  is  now  known  as  a  Siemans  armature,  in 
the  working  of  which  there  is  only  the  ordinary 
mechanical  friction  to  be  overcome.  Working 
the  machine  by  hand,  the  expenditure  of  mus- 
cular force  becomes  apparent  as  heat  through 
the  machine.  But  this  and  the  Wylde  and 
Gramme  machines  in  the  same  way  show  that 
the  external  work  falls  short  of  the  originating 
work. 

Now,  whatever  electricity  is,  it  is  a  swift 
carrier  of  heat.  We  have  motive  power  con- 
verted into  current,  and  then  we  can  have  current 
converted  into  motive  power.  For  example, 
Sir  William  Armstrong  has  his  electric  light 
worked  by  a  water  wheel.  The  great  advance 
on  Faraday's  spark  of  1831,  as  to  practical  use, 
is  the  use  of  cheap  fuel — coal — for  obtaining 
through  the  steam  engine  the  motive  force  re- 
quired. All  the  various  modifications  of  the 
light  as  now  used  depend  on  this.  Prof.  Tyn- 
dall gave  a  historical  sketch  of  the  various  ar- 
rangements, beginning  with  that  of  Mr.  Holmes 
in  1862.  He  said  he  did  not  believe  that  any 
fresh  scientific  discovery  was  needed  to  make  the 
electric  light  of  general  application  to  large 
places.  The  scientific  man  knew  what  different 
natures  of  machines  were  required  to  do  the 
different  kinds  of  work  to  be  done.  It  remained 
now  for  mechanical  skill  to  carry  out  the  work. 
In  conclusion  he  pointed  out  the  mistake  of 
those  who,  like  Cuvier,  spoke  with  contempt  of 
those  whose  practical  skill  carried  to  utility  the 
experiments  of  the  philosopher. 

Africa  Again  Crossed. — A  Portuguese  ex- 
plorer, named  Pinto,  has  recently  arrived  at 
Transvaal  in  Southeastern  Africa,  having  crossed 
the  continent  on  an  exploring  expedition,  travel- 
ing from  west  to  east.  The  latitude  of  his  course 
is  not  given,  nor,  as  yet,  any  particulars  in  re- 
gard to  his  observations  and  discoveries.  His 
route,  however,  must  have  been  many  degrees 
south  of  Stanley's  route,  and  will,  no  doubt, 
add  much  to  our  rapidly  increasing  knowledge 
of  the  geography  of  Central  Africa. 


A  New  Light. 

The  English  papers  are  largely  disenssing  "a 
new  light,  '  which  is  new,  however,  only  in  tho 
fact  that  it  is  an  intensified  gaslight.  It  is  by 
Bomo  called  "the  albo-carbon  light."  This 
light  consists  in  the  use,  as  an  auxiliary  to  com- 
mon gas,  of  some  properties  of  pure  white  car- 
bon in  the  Bolid  form  of  small  cylinders;  not 
much  unlike  in  appearance  to  a  stick  of  pure 
white  candy. 

The  machinery  required  to  adapt  tho  feeder 
and  enricher  to  an  ordinary  gas  burner  is  ex- 
tremely simple,  and  can  easily  be  adjusted  by 
anyone  skillful  enough  to  fill  and  trim  au  ordi- 
nary table  lamp.  Albo-carbon  thus  stands  in 
favorable  contrast  with  the  elaborate  machinery 
at  present  required  for  the  production  of  the 
electric  light.  While  it  economizes  the  con- 
sumption and  improves  the  quality  of  the  gas, 
it  involves  no  change  in  mains,  meters  or  piping, 
or  the  general  apparatus  of  gas  ser  /ice.  In  tho 
case  of  single  lights,  the  apparatus  consists  of  a 
metallic  chamber  of  spheroidal  form,  fixed  at  a 
slight  distance  from  the  burner.  In  this  vessel 
the  alrJo-carbon  is  placed,  and  the  substance, 
becoming  liquefied  by  heat,  gives  off  an  inodor- 
ous vapor,  which  mingles  with  the  gas  made  to 
pass  through  the  vessel,  and  produces  a  combi- 
nation of  illuminating  power  vastly  superior  to 
that  of  common  gas.  The  enriching  material  is 
a  form  of  naphthaline,  and  is  clean,  portable, 
and  inexplosive. 

The  proprietors  of  the  patent  claim  that  albo- 
carbon  causes  no  obstruction  and  leaves  no  re- 
siduum; and  that  the  vessels  in  which  it  is  placed 
may  be  replenished  without  the  slightest  fear  of 
accumulating  deposits,  so  perfectly  exhaustive 
is  the  evaporation  of  the  substance  under  heat. 
At  a  recent  exhibition  of  the  light  near  London, 
a  variety  of  interesting  photometric  tests  were 
applied  to  the  light,  and  its  power  was  gauged 
and  measured  under  a  variety  of  aspects,  one  of 
the  most  pleasant  of  which  is  its  hue,  which, 
wrhile  intensely  brilliant,  is  cheerful  and  sunny, 
while  the  shadows  cast  by  objects  illumined  by 
it  are  not  of  that  denBe  darkness  which  con- 
trasts so  strongly  with  the  moonlight  brightness 
of  the  electric  light.  Gaslight,  enriched  by 
albo-carbon,  is  a  warm,  sustained,  and  steady 
light,  not,  however,  calculated  to  fatigue  the 
eye;  but  its  value  was  made  known  most  readily 
and  most  convincingly  when  the  spectators 
passed  from  the  brilliantly-lit  eastern  section  to 
the  main  body  of  the  building  illumined  by 
common  gas,  under  which  it  presented  an  ap- 
pearance of  well-nigh  murky  dimness. 

A  New  Phenomenon  in  Statical  Electric- 
ity.— M.  E.  D liter,  in  a  paper  read  before  the 
French  Academy  in  December,  showed  that 
when  a  Leyden  jar  is  charged  with  either  posi- 
tive or  negative  electricity,  its  internal  volume 
increases,  and  that  this  effect  is  a  new  phenom- 
enon, unexplainable  by  either  a  theory  of  an  in- 
crease of  temperature  or  of  an  electrical  pressure. 
The  experiment  was  performed  by  means  of  a 
flask-shaped  Leyden  jar,  with  a  long  tube  at- 
tached to  its  neck,  and  containing  a  liquid  which 
served  as  the  inner  armature.  The  author's  at- 
tention had  been  called  to  the  fact  that  this 
phenomenon  had  been  observed  10  years  pgo  by 
M.  Gori.  His  researches,  just  made  public,  leave 
no  doubt  of  the  accuracy  of  M.  Duter's  view, 
that  the  glass  of  the  jar  really  expands.  Ac- 
cording to  the  theory  of  elasticity,  the  effect  of 
an  internal  pressure  in  a  hollow  sphere  is  in  the 
inverse  ratio  of  its  thickness.  M.  Duter,  there- 
fore, had  three  flasks  made  of  the  same  volume, 
but  of  thicknesses  of  4  mm.,  0.8  mm.,  and  0.5 
mm.  respectively.  They  were  rilled  with  water 
and  enveloped  with  tin  foil.  Each  carried  a 
capillary  thermometer  tube,  in  which  the  varia- 
tions of  the  hight  of  liquid  served  to  measure 
the  changes  in  volume  due  to  electrification. 
He  found  that  these  changes  were  imperceptible 
in  the  thick  glass,  very  marked  in  the  flask  of 
mean  thickness,  and  rose  to  30  mm.  in  the  thin- 
nest.  The  variations  in  volume  we're  very 
nearly  in  inverse  ratio  of  the  square  roots  of 
the  thickness. — Scientific  American. 

A  New  Phonograph.  —  Mr.  Johnson,  Mr. 
Edison's  chief  assistant  at  his  Menlo  Park 
laboratory,  has  been  for  some  time  engaged  in 
improving  the  telephone  and  the  phonograph. 
He  has  accomplished  what  no  other  one  has 
ever  yet  been  able  to  do — in  the  recording  by 
means  of  the  phonograph  of  words  transmitted 
by  telephone  with  such  success  that  they  could 
be  repeated  by  the  speaking  machine  with  suf- 
ficient distinctness  to  be  understood.  This  was, 
of  course,  done  by  the  employment  of  Edison's 
new  electro-motor  receiver,  the  only  instrument 
yet  devised  that  delivers  sounds  with  sufficient 
power  for  the  purpose.  Mr.  Johnson  has  also 
nearly  completed  the  invention  of  a  new  phono* 
graph  which  he  claims  will  be  adapted  to  the 
practical  use  of  business  correspondence,  and 
the  possibility  of  recording  telephonic  messages, 
as  proved  by  yesterday's  experiment,  will 
greatly  extend  the  uses  of  the  phonograph  for 
business  purposes. 

A  Telegraphic  Writing  Machine. — The 
London  papers  state  that  an  entirely  new  tele- 
graphic system  of  writing  has  been  devised  by 
Mr.  E.  A.  Cowper,  a  civil  engineer  of  that  city. 
In  writing,  ordinary  characters  are  used  at 
the  transmitting  end  of  the  line,  and  no  receiv- 
ing clerk  is  required  in  close  attendance,  or  for 
the  purpose  of  noting  or  translating  the  mes- 
sage. It  is  a  real  telegraphic  writing  machine. 
The  writer  in  London  moves  his  pen  and  simul- 
taneously at  Brighton  another  pen  is  moved  as 
though  by  a  phantom  hand,  in  precisely  similar 
curves  and  motions. 


212 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[April  5,  1879. 


Table  of  Highest  and  Lowest  Sales  in 
S.  F.  Stock  Exchange. 


Name  of 
Company. 

Week 
Ending 
Mar.  13. 

1   Week 
Ending 
Mar.  30. 

Week 
Ending 
Mur.  Sf. 

Week 
Ending 
Apr.  3. 

195      18 
5i*        5 
50c      40c 

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1       40c 

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6         5; 

75c      60c 

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6k        54 

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3.20    2.70 
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1.40       1 
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55c     45c 

8*       7 
111      10} 

13       1 
45c     35c 

20c     15c 
1.60        U 
4.30    3.80 
3.85    3.20 
7         6 

5      ii 

10c    .... 

1.15      80c 
1.10       1 
1       50c 
30c      20c 
60c    .... 

25c    

Alps 

....    i 

Si     Si 
50o  50c 

1.202.15 

Aurora  Tunnel — 
Baltimore  Con 

"si 

4 
163 

21 

50c 
SOc 
2.70 

5! 

3 
45 

i5i 

1.35 

3 

25c 
20c 

SOc 
24 
5 

"ii 

25c 

9 

45c 
10J 

16 
25 
50c 

15c 
1.70 

51 
4.10 

7 

5} 

1.20 

u 

SOc 
30c 

50c 

25c 
10c 

si 

95c 
37! 

9! 
40c 
105 

30c 

331 
5c 

US 

25c 

6! 
75c 

13j 
30 
45i 
1.90 

40c 

2 

1 
40c 
40c 

5c 
60c 

1.70 
SOc 
20c 
69 
17J 

1.40 
15c 

36c 

4.20 
17 

"i' 
2 

S5c 

2.65 

5J 

3.20 

431 

iij 

1.35 
51 

5* 

40c 
15c 

be 

SOc 
22 
4) 
25c 

i'M 

30c 

9i 
70c 
91 

]i1 

50o 

20c 
13 
« 
3.80 
5J 

5 
15c 

1 

30c 
75c 

85c 

L80 

61 

1.30 

351 

93 
80c 
103 

35c 

31 

75c 
10J 

35c 

6} 

70c 

UJ 

'471 

1.80 
8 

1 
2.40 
1.80 
40c 
50c 
25c 
50c 

2.30 
1.05 
20c 
661 
IS 

1.35 
10c 

Boyle 

Comanche 

Con  Virginia 

35c     30c 
28       27) 

51  45 
5c    .... 

"hi  4'55 

30c    .... 

58c      50c 
55c     25c 
10g        91 
17       14 
2.60       21 
60c     55c 

I5c    .... 

1.90    1.60 

52  51 
4.30        4 

8     75 

5g       4} 
15c     .... 

Exchequer 

Gen  Thomas 

Golden  Terra. 

Gould&Curry 

Hale  &  Norcroas — 

Highbridge 

Independence 

i.36  i.ioi.55 

1.20    1.101.65 

80c     75c 
35c     25c 
70c    .... 

25c    .... 
10c    .... 
1.60       11 
7         6j 
80c     60c 

41       361 

13        101 
50c     25c 
101       93 

30c     25c 

37       34$ 
10c       5c 
121      111 

40c     35c 

6J       6 
75c     65c 

90c 
35c 

60c 

50c 
55c 

2 

7 

24 

41J 

Hi 
60c 
11* 

40c 

36} 

2.5c 
14 

40c 

P 

16 

36 

49i 
2! 
8} 

11 
6 
1 

24} 

71 
55c 

91 

30c 

24J. 
55c 
9 

15c 

51 
65c 

'37' 

1.30 

30c 
2 
1 

30c 

40c 
15c 

1.90 
75c 
15c 
531 
12 

1 

11    1.10 

64       5! 

1.30    1.10 

33}      29 

3      .... 
9}       71 
80c     60c 

10  91 

25c    

24J      20} 
60c    .55o 

11  9} 

21       2 
20c      10c 

51       5 

11}       9| 

'47'     'ill 

1.60    1.35 

8         7! 

65c      40c 
2}    2.05 
13    1.40 
35c     .... 
35c      30c 
30c      20c 
60c      50c 

2         18 

75c    

20c      15c 
60       541 
15!      133 

1.20      95c 
15c      10c 
15c    .... 

North  Con  Virginia. 

Northern  Belle 

Phil  Sheridan 
Raymond  &  Ely 

14       11 
27       25 
47       44B 
2.20    1.90 
84       8 

Sierra  Nevada 

21       2  1    23 

South  Bodie 

Star 

50c     40c 
30c      25c 

60c     50c 

12    1.55 
65c      »5c 

45c 
1 

30c 
65c 

2.90 
SOc 

St.  Lonia 

761      66     77 
18       131  20 

lj    i.40|i.70 
15c       5c  20c 

Utah 

Wells-Fargo 

20J 

171 

1 

16 

26     iegl 

m 

14}     131 

Sales  at  S.  F.  Stock  Exchange. 


Friday  A.  1H.,  Alar.  38. 

150  AJta 5}05g 

50  Andes 40c 

170  Best&  Belcher...  16016J 

195  Bullion 5105. 

500  Belcher 8@8i 

50  Benton 3: 

245  California a 

310  Crown  Point 5g05J 

1620  Con  Imperial 1.35 

230  Caledonia 2 .  35@2  i 

70  Confidence 14 

380  Challenge 

5  Chollar 42 

1085  '3on  Virginia 5£05g 

150  Dardanelles 1} 

280  Exchequer 5w4  ,b0 

50  Flowery 50c 

890  Gould&Curry 8108 

305  Hale&Nor Hi 

40  Justice 3.60 

445  Julia 4.20@4i 

100  Kentuck 5 

430  Lady  Bryan.. ..1.10@l. 15 
110  Lady  Wash 1 

60  Leviathan 2'vi  ;!0c 

1165  Mexican 

80  Mackey 

200  MtDew 2><r^ 

60  North  Con  Vir '.*,."  y ; 

335  N  Bonanza l£@1.40 

800  New  York 75@80c 

30  Overman 11 

400  Ophir 241v' 2i; 

120  Sierra  Nevada 45 

465  Savage 11><1]{ 

205  Silver  Hill H*<>[.<]u 

400  Solid^ilver 35c 

625  Succor 60@50c 

2015  Scorpion 1  il«- 1 A 

1390  Trojan 15020c 

150  Utah lS'.i.d:.' 

60  Union  Con 57Vr>ij 

150  Ward l.20»<i.jf. 

870  Yellow  Jacket...  .14J@14ji 

AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

975  Argenta 1 


Albion 25c 

Belmont 40@45c 

Bechtel 1.60@1.55 

Bodie si 

Belvidere 1.7O01i 

Bulwer 16* 

Black  Hawk 31 

Belle  Isle 35c 

Booker 70060c 

Champion 35c 

Caledonia  (B  H) 1.90 

Concordia 25c 

C  Pacific 2.2002.15 

Dudlny 70c 

Esmeralda 1 

Eureka  Con......l6@15J 

Endowment 30c 

Fourth  of  July 25c 

Goodshaw 50055c 

Grand  Prize 403.65 

Giant  &  O  A 5 

Hamburg 50c 

Hillside lj 

Highbridge 45c 

Independence l| 

Jackson 606} 

Jupiter 50c 

Leopard 1 

Martin  White 6406 

McClinton lhal  20 

Mono 303.05 

Manhattan H 

Northern  Belle 10@9j 

Navajo 25c 

Noonday 1.40 

Oriental 60c 

Paradise 1 .  S5{?  2 

Raymond  &  Ely 5} 

Rustler 40@15c 

Star 60c 

S  Bodie 35030c 

Summit 2.0502.10 

S  Bulwer 65@60c 

S  Standard 25020c 

Silver  King ' 8 

Tioga  Con 1.90@1.80 


Saturday  A.M..  Mar.  39. 

95  Alpha IB- 

90  Alta, 5i 

200  Argenta 1 

120  Best  &  Belcher...  16016J1 

765  Belcher 8(38, 

345  Bullion 5i@5;_ 

380  Booker 70c 

240  Bodie 7 

30  Bulwer 16 

870  Belvidere 1.45C  . 

500  Bechtel 1301.90 

150  Belmont 45040c 

500  Black  Hawk 

870  Con  Virginia, ... . 

265  California 5 

60  Confidence 131013* 

175  Chollar 460464 

690  Crown  Point 5@5j 

840  Con  Esmeralda. . .  .l@75c 

220  Con  Imperial 1.30 

200  Champion 35040c 

165  Caledonia 2102.55 

250  Dardanelles Ii 

100  Dudley 70c 

1010  Exchequer 5 

180  Eureka  Con 16i@17 

300  Flowery 60065c 

420  Gould  &  Curry 808A 

850  Grand  Prize 3J063 

200  Giant&OA 5 

700  Goodshaw 55c 

200  H&Norcross....ll5<aili 
390  HuBsey 20c 

50  Hillside lj 

100  Highbridge 40c 

350  Independence l.bO 

280  Justice 3.7u03£ 

175  Julia 4.30 

50  J  ackson , 

100  Jupiter 50c 

135  Kentuck 4304.90 

400  Leviathan 25c 

580  L  Bryan 1@1.10 

100  Leopard. 75c 

1010  Mexican 32*0331 

30  MWhifce 61 

3670  Mono 23034 

360  McClinton 1.30@1.30 

140  Mackey 3.1003 

50  Mountain  View 3 

115  Morning  Star Ii 

340  Manhattan 1.10011 

200  New  York 60c 

110  N  Con  Virginia 9 

470  N  Bonanza. ...1.30@1.35 

20  Northern  Belle 92 

150  Noonday 11 

300  N  Noonday 40c 

330  Onhir 240244 

20  Overman 1OJ011 

475  Phil  Sheridan 15020c 

130  Raymond  &  E 51 

20  Real  del  Monte 2,  " 

230  Savage 1O}01OS 

445  Succor 60065c 

355  Sierra  Nevada 46@47 

390  Silver  Hill 1401.55 

500  Solid  Silver 35c 

735  Scorpion. 1.60@1.70 

20U  Santiago 

310  S  Bulwer 70c 

80  Silver  King 8 

250  South  Bodie 35c 

130  Summit 2.10 

600  S  Standard 25@30c 

500  Trojan 20c 

100  Tiptop 75c 

800  Tuecarora 

925  Tioga 

250  Union  Con 60 

60  Utah 15J 

700  University 45c 

610  Ward 1.20@1.15 

385  Yellow  Jacket 14$ 

Monday  A.  M..  Mar.  31 

620  Alta 51051 

145  Best  &  Belcher. . .  .16<£>15g 

625  Belcher 71ftt7i 

300  Baltimore  Con 1 

485  Bullion 5i 

280  Benton 3.4003} 

410  Chollar 46@45 

540  California 

615  Con  Virginia 

270  Crown  Point 

3745  Con  Imperial..!.: 

140  Challenge 302.90 

445  Caledouia 2102.10 

365  Confidence 11@12 

485  Exchequer 4.9505 

100  Flowery 65c 

100  Gould&Curry 71 

450  Hale  4  Nor 11J011 

300  Julia 4@4.05 

140  Kossuth 10c 

510  Lady  Bryan 1.1001 

800  Leviathan 25c 

100  Lady  Wash 1.10 

845  Mexican 320303 

230  Mackey 3J03.15 

100  MtView 

200  New  York __„ 

100  North  Con  Vir 8108! 

400  N  Bonanza l| 

1065  Ophir 24}©234 

230  Overman 101 

200  Phil  Sheridan 15c 

600  Solid  Silver 35c 

360  Savage '.,..1010101 

310  Sierra  Nevada 454044 

425  Silver  Hill 1101.40 

100  SPotosi 21 

70  Succor 55c 

205  Scorpion 1.40@1.45 

30  Utah 14? 

460  Union  Con 59058J 

100  Woodville 25c 

285  Ward 1.05@1.10 

1235  Yellow  Jacket. .  .1410141 

AFTERNOON  SE5BION. 

700  Argenta 1 

400  Belmont 45040c 

405  Bodie 6}07 

1135  Bechtel 1J@1.70 

300  Booker 65c 

770  Belvidere 1.60@1.40 

50  Bulwer 151 

50  Blaek  Hawk 3.35 

1050  Champion 35c 

410  Con  Pacific 2402.20 

5  Caledonia  (B  H) 1.90 

250  Dudley 65c 

250  Day 30c 

365  Eureka  Con 173018 

670  Endowment 30c 

500  Esmeralda 1101.20 

600  Grand  Prize 31 

180  Golden  Terra 9@1U 

500  Goodshaw 50@45c 

950  Giant&OA 4J 

25  Hussey 20c 

200  Hillside 1 

300  Highbridge 40c 

300  Independence 14 

250  Jupiter 50c 

50  Jackson 7 

300  Leopard 50c 

200  Leeds 60c 

80  Martin  White 52<fT" 

785  Mono 2J@2 

150  McClinton 1.10 

40  Manhattan 1.35 

500  Navajo 25c 

550  Noonday 18@H 

400  NNcnday 40c 

235  Paradise. 2@1  "" 

150  Phenix 2i(o 

100  Real  del  Monte 2. 

75  Raymond  &  Ely. . .  .5i@51 

250  S  Bulwer. SOc 

290  Summit 2.20<a2i 

400  S  Standard 20c 

300  Silver  King 

820  SBodie 35c 

200  Star 60c 

100  Tuscarora .5c 

150  Tioga  Con 1.8  _ 

500  Tiptop 75c 

X600  University 40@45c 


Tuesday  A.  M.,  Apr.  1. 

175  Alta 4.80@4.70 

50  Alpha 17i 

125  Beat  &  Belcher...  151@15^ 

2575  Belcher 6<g6} 

300  BaltimoreCon 90c@l 

1160  Bullion 5J@4.95 

60  Benton 3 

275  California 5@4.95 

55  Caledonia 2} 

160  Con  Virginia 4.95 

575  Con  Imperial.... li@l. 20 

295  Cbollar. 44<S431 

485  Crown  Point 4.60@4i 

310  Confidence 12lftC12| 

300  Challenge 2.90@>2i 

1270  Exchequer..... 4. 95@4.80 

100  Flowery 60c 

940  Gould  &  Curry 7@7i 

530  H  k,  Norcross. . .  .10i@10| 

390  Justice 3j@3.20 

250  Julia 3.90@3.80 

70  Kentuck 4.65@4.60 

180  Lady  Bryan 1.10@1 

630  Lady  Wash 1(31.05 

300  Leviathan 25@20c 

750  Mexican 29@30 

70  Mackey 2.90 

50  MtView 2J 

20  Morning  Star. 3 

150  New  York 65@70c 

300  North  Con  Vir 7i@7S 

720  N  Bonanza U@1.15 

440  Ophir 201@20± 

70  Overman §1@9J 

470  rhil  Sheridan  . . .  .20@15c 
325  Sierra  Nevada.... 421@42 

175  Savage 1 0@9f 

100  Silver  Hill 1S@1.40 

60  Scorpion lj@l.55 

130  Solid  Silver 35c 

525  Trojan 20@15c 

95  Utah 14i(c014 

60  Union  Con 57 

600  Wells-Fargo 10c 

580  Ward 95c@l 

20  Woodville 15c 

230  Yellow  Jacket...  1330135 

AFTERtiUurJ  UES3XUA. 

25C  Albion 30035c 

410  Argenta.., 1 

90  Booker 60c 

195  Bodie 6307 

195  Bechtel ljj@1.70 

1440  Belvidere 1  40 

60  Bulwer 16J 

250  Belmont 40c 

200  Belle  Isle 30c 

605  Black  Hawk 3i03.2O 

75  Concordia 25c 

240  C  Pacific 2.2002$ 

370  Dudley 70065c 

440  Eureka  Con 19018J 

500  Esmeralda 1J01.15 

615  Endowment 30c 

400  Giant  &  O  A 504J 

1150  Goodshaw. 50045c 

250  Grand  Prize.. .3. 6003. 35 

800  Hussey. 15c 

700  Highbridge 40035c 

60  Independence 14 

200  Ida 50o 

540  Jackson 7 

300  Jupiter 50c 

40  Leopard 50c 

570  Manhattan H 

90  M  White g 

50  May  Belle 25c 

350  Mono 2.7002.65 

300  Navajo 25c 

400  Noonday 1S0H 

200  NNoonday 45c 

700  Oriental 60c 

100  Phenix 2 

440  ParadiBe 1.9001.95 

70  Raymond  Si  Ely 5 

50  Real  del  Monte 3 

200  Star 65c 

350  S  Bodie 35c 

240  Summit 2*02  20 

690  S  Bulwer 80090c 

200  South  Standard 20c 

100  Silver  King 7i 

255  Tioga  Con 1.85@lJ 

600  University 50055c 

Wed'sday  A.  31.,  Apr.  2. 

20  Alpha 17i 

80  Alta 44 

lOO  B&  Belcher 15i©154 

340  Bullion 5J.05 

1090  Belcher 61061 

460  Benton 3 

185  Chollar 44045 

565  Con  Virginia 504.90 

270  California 4.9504.90 

940  Crown  Point 4.65041 

300  Caledonia 2.1002.15 

500  Con  Imperial.. ..1.20@lj 

10  Confidence 12J 

770  Dardanelles 1.30 

670  Exchequer 4.8504.80 

415  Gould  fi,  Curry 7i©7i 

550  Hale  &Nor. 103@lo2 

120  Justice 3.4003.45 

450  Julia 3.9503.90 

90  Kentuck 4104.60 

200  Leviathan 20c 

500  Lady  Bryan 80@85c 

1040  Mexican 29J03Oi 

100  Mackey 302.95 

50  Mount  View 23 

225  North  Con  Vir 8 

400  New  York 60c 

385  N  Bonanza 11 

200  Overman 91091 

500  Ophir 20102  lj 

1625  Phil  Sheridan 15020c 

250  Succor. 50040c 

75  Savage 1O09S 

315  S  Nevada 4204lJ 

450  Solid  Silver 35c 

335  Silver  Hill U01.45 

200  Scorpion 1.6001.55 

300  Trojan 15c 

140  Utah. 14 

495  Union 560541 

500  Wells-Fargo 15010c 

500  Ward 95c 

420  Yellow  Jacket. .  .1330131 

AFTERNOON  BESSION. 

550  Argenta 1 

1010  Bechtel H@l  .60 

10  Bodie 7 

60  Belmont 40c 

495  Black  Hawk 3103.40 

200  Belle  Isle 30035c 

950  Booker. 50c 

1680  Belvidere H01.3O 

250.  Champion 35@30c 

120  C  Pacific 2102.20 

100  Chieftain 15c 

500  Caledonia  (B  H) 1.85 

400  Dudley 6C@70c 

100  Day 25c 

100  DeFrees 5c 

200  Endowment 30c 

900  Esmeralda 1101.26 

120  Eureka  Con 180181 

30  Goodshaw.. 50c 

100  Giant  &O  A 5 

200  Hussey 15020c 

400  Hillside lj 

150  Independence lj 

500  Jupiter 50c 

40  Leopard 50c 

400  McClinton 1.10 

320  Manhattan 1101.20 

110  M  White ."...6 

825  Mono 2.8002.90 

25  Northern  Belle.... 9109| 

450  Navajo 25c 

900  Noonday 11 

200  N  Noonday 45c 

200  Oriental 55c 

50  Phenix 2 

260  Paradise 1.8002 

50  Real  del  Monte 2} 

40  Raymond  &  Ely 5 

500  Revenue 1 

50  Star 50c 

200  SBodie 35©30o 


MINING-  SHAREHOLDERS'  DIRECTORY. 


Compiled  every  Thursday  from  Advertisements  in  Mining  and  Scientific  Press  and  other  S.  F.  Journals. 

ASSESSMENTS-STOCKS  ON  THE  LISTS  OF  THE  BOARDS. 

Amt.  Levied.    Dblinq'kt.    Sale.    Secretary.  Place  of  Business 

1  00  Feb  20  Mar  27  Apr  15  W  H  Watson  302  Montgomery  at 

10  Feb  18  Mar  25  Apr  15  Wm  H  Lent  309  Montgomery  at 

1  00  Feb  7  Mar  12  April  1  Jno  Crockett  203  Bush  st 

10  Mar  11  April  May  3  T  E  Atkinson  318  Pine  at 

25  Feb  20  Mar  31  Apr  21  R  H  Brown  327  Pine  Bt 

1  00  Feb  26  Mar  31  Apr  21  Joseph  Gruss  418  California  st 

1  00  Mar  11  Apr  16  May  7  A  K  Durbrow  309  Montgomery  st 

1  00  Mar  12  Apr  16  May  8  Joel  F  Llghtner  309  Montgomery  at 

25  Mar  6  Apr  12  May  2  F  E  Luty  507  MontgomeryBt 

50  MarlO  Apr  14  May  5  R  H  Brown  327  Pine  at 

1  00  Mar  3  Apr  8  Apr  30  Jno  Crockett  203  Bush  at 

1  50  Dec  14  Jan  21  Apr  19  J  J  Scoville  59  Nevada  Block 

50  Oct  22  Mar  3  Apr  7  HA  Whiting  211  Sansome  at 

50  Feb  13  Mar  24  Apr  15  J  W  Pew  310  Pine  at 

50  Mar  27  May  1  May  21  Wm  fl  Lent  309  Montgomery  at 

1  00  Mar  21  Apr  24  May  13  G  C  Pratt  309  Montgomery  at 

40  Mar  24  Apr  25  May  13  D  L  Thomas  203  Bush  at 

10  Feb  27  Mar  31  Apr  21  Wm  Stuart  320  Sansome  at 

15  Feb  25  Mar  31  Apr  21  C  A  Sankey  331  Montgomery  at 

50  Mar  29  May  1  May  20  C  V  D  Hubbard  203  Bush  st 

05  Mar  27  May  5  May  30  ME  Sperling  309  California  at 


Company. 
Alta  S  M  Co 
Becbtel  Con  M  Co 
Belcher  S  M  Co 
DeFrees  M  &  M  Co 
Endowment  M  Co 
Exchequer  M  Co 
Gould  &  Curry  S  M  Co 
Hale  &  Norcross  S  M  Co 
Leviathan  M  Co 
Leopard  M  Co 
Manhattan  S  M  Co 
Martin  White  M  Co 
McCrackin  Con  M  Co 
Modock  Con  M  Co 
Mono  G  M  Co 
W  Con  Virginia  M  Co 
Phil  Sheridan  G  &  S  M  Co 
South  Bulwer  G  M  Co 
South  Standard  M  Co 
Real  Del  Monte  M  Co 
Tuscarora  M  &  M  Co 


Location.  No. 

California  14 

California      1 

Nevada  17 

Nevada      9 

(Nevada     3 

Nevada  13 

Nevada  35 

Nevada  61 

Nevada      8 

Nevada  10 

Nevada  2 

Nevada      5 

Arizona     2 

California      8 

California  3 

Nevada  16 

Nevada  9 

California  2 

California      4 

Nevada  6 

Nevada      3 


OTHER  COMPANIES-NOT  ON  THE  LISTS  OP  THE  BOARDS. 


Amazon  Con  M  Co 

Aurora  T  &  M  Co 

Con  Dorado  M  Co 

Day  S  M  Co 

Diana  G  &  S  M  Co 

Eagle  SM&M  Co 

Equitable  T  &  M  Co 

Globe  Con  M  Co 

Godfrey  Gravel  M  Co 

Hazard  G  M  Co 

Howe  S  M  Co 

Jupiter  M  Co 

Lewis  Con  S  M  Co 

Mammoth  M  Co 

Mayflower  Gravel  M  Co 

McMillenSMCo 

New  York  M  Co 

Northern  Light  G  &  S  M  Co 

North  Noonday  M  Co 

Noonday  M  Co 

Oriental  Con  G  &  S  M  Co 

PSral  M  &  M  Co 

Pioneer  Con  M  Co 

Queen  Bee  M  Co 

Red  Hill  H&WCo 

Richer  M  Co 

Silver  King  South  M  Co 

Summit  M  Co 

University  G  M  Co 

Wide  Awake  Prospecting  &  M 

Mt  Jefferson  M&MCo 


Nevada 

California 

Nevada 

Nevada 

Nevada 

Nevada 

Utah 

Nevada 

California 

California 

Nevada 

California 

Arizona 

California 

California 

Arizona 

Nevada 

California 

California 

California 

California 

Arizona 

Nevada 

California 

California 

California 

Arizona 

California 

California 

Co       Ariz 

California 


10  Mar  24 

20  Feb  24 

50  MarlO 

05  Feb  6 

10  Feb  12 

25  Feb  19 

10  Mar  21 

10  Mar  29 

05  Jan  17 

10  Mar  21 

03  Feb  24 
10  Feb  15 
02  Mar  26 
20  Feb  12 
10  Mar  26 
25  Mar  19 
40  Feb  13 
10  Jan  23 
20  Mar  27 
20  Mar  27 
50  Feb  18 

6  00  Feb  19 

05  Mar  6 

10  Mar  6 

05  Feb  24 

25  Mar  8 

10  Mar  12 

05  Feb  4 

10  Marl 

04  Febl 

05  Mar  21 


Apr  28 
April  1 
Apr  12 
Mar  15 
Mar  27 
Mar  24 
Apr  23 
Apr  30 
Feb  20 
Apr  22 
Mar  31 
MarlS 
May  3 
Mar  19 
Apr  30 
Apr  23 
Mar  25 
Apr  10 
May  2 
Mayl 
Mar  24 
Apr  5 
Apr  12 
Apr  9 
Mar  31 
Apr  14 
Apr  23 
Mar  11 
Apr  5 
April  1 
May  2 


Apr  30 
Apr  30 
April  8 
Apr  12 
Apr  15 
May  14 
May  16 
Apr  7 
May  9 
Apr  21 
Apr  16 
May  26 
Apr  10 
May  20 
May  15 
Apr  15 
Apr  28 
May  23 
May  22 
April 
May  5 
May  3 
May  5 
Apr  17 
M  ay  5 
May  20 
May  6 
Apr  26 
Mayl 
May  27 


Jno  Crockett  203  Bush  at 

C  Van  Dyck  Hubbard        203  Bush  st 
J  M  BurBngton  309  California  at 

J  W  Pew  310  Pine  at 

J  T  McGeoghegan  318  Pine  Bt 

R  H  Brown  327  Pine  at 

Chas  J  CollinB        227  Montgomery  Bt 
O  H  Bogart  106  Leidesdorff  at 

J  M  Burfington  309  California  et 

J  T  McGeoghegan  318  Pine  st 


H  B  Sand 

E  C  Masten 

JWPew 

A  W  Rose 

J  Morizio 

J  Morizio 

D  L  Thomas 

S  F  Monroe 

G  A  Holden 

G  A  Holden 

Wm  R  Bentley 

Amos  Roberts 

J  M  Bumngton 

Thos  A  White 

ABTaul 

W  H  Lent 

A  Judson 

R  N  Van  Brunt 

Wm  LettB  Oliver 

C  Hildebrandt 

R  N  Van  Brunt 


MEETINGS  TO  BE  HELD. 


Name  of  Company. 

Atlanta  M  Co 
Comanche  M  &  M  Co 
Golden  Gate  Con  H  M  Co 
Modock  Con  M  Co 
Morning  Star  M  Co 
Queen  Bee  M  Co 
Tioga  Con  M  Co 


Location.    Secretary. 

Utah  E  B  Jago 

California  W  W  Traylor 

California  JT  McGeoghehan 

California  JWPew 

Nevada  Jas  B  Maholm 

California  T  A  White 

California  W  H  Lent 


Office  in  S.  F. 

420  Montgomery  at 

309  Montgomery  st 

318  Pine  st 

310  Pine  at 

331  Montgomery  st 

113  Leidesdorff  st 

309  Montgomery  st 


404  Montgomery  Bt 

309  Montgomery  at 

310  Pine  st 

302  Montgomery  at 

328  Montgomery  Bt 

328  Montgomery  st 

203  Bush  at 

419  California  Bt 

310  Pine  at 

310  Pine  at 

327  Pine  st 

214  Sansome  at 

309  California  et 

113  Leidesdorff  at 

328  Montgomery  at 

309  Montgomery  at 

320  Sansome  st 

318  Pine  at 

328  Montgm'y  st 

232  Sutter  Bt 

318  Pine  at 


Date 


Annual 
Annual 
Special 
Special 
Annual 
Special 
Annual 


LATEST  DIVIDENDS-WITHIN    THREE    MONTHS 


Name  of  Company. 

Bodie  G  M  Co 
California  M  Co 
Excelsior  W  &  M  Co 
Eureka  Con  M  Co 
Standard  GM  Co 


Location.  Secretary. 

California  W  H  Lent 

Nevada  C  P  Gordon 

California  G  P  Thurston 

Nevada  W  W  Traylor 

California  W  Willie 


Office  in  S.  F. 

327  Pine  Bt 

23  Nevada  Block 

315  California  at 

37  Nevada  Block 

309  Montgomery  st 


1  00 
1  00 


2  00 
1  00 


April  5 
April  7 
April  14 
Apr  7 
April  29 
April  15 
April  14 


Payable 
Jan  20 
Jan  16 
Jan  20 
Mar  20 
Mar  12 


25  Silver  King 71 1  375  Tiptop 75c 

50  Summit. 2i   245  Tioga  Con 1801.80 

200  SStandard 25c   200  Tuscarora 5c 

900  S  Bulwer 85@90cl  300  University 50045c 

SALES  OF   LAST  WEEK   AND  THIS  COMPARED 


Thnrsd'y  A.  M.,  Mnr.  27. 

260  Alta 5g05i 

280  Andes 40c 

130  Alpha 190191 

120  Best&  Belcher.. .1710173 

1090  Belcher 8108* 

530  Bullion 51051 

30  Benton 3.7003.80 

195  California 4.900! 

395  Con  Virginia 505, 

770  Crown  Point 5105j 

60  Cbollar 421043; 

1655  Con  Imperial.. 1. 3001. 3i 

115  Confidence 145 

210  Caledonia 2102.65 

365  Challenge 303.20 

480  Dardenellea 1011 

420  Exchequer 3.9003.95 

50  Flowery 60c 

340  Gould  &  Curry 8108E 

285  Hale  &  Nor 12-, 

690  Justice 3.6503.81 

1145  Julia 4.15041 

255  Kentuck 5 

800  Kossuth 15c 

130  Lady  Wash 1.10 

300  Lady  Bryan Ii 

400  Leviathan 30025c 

750  Mexican 3310331 

250  Mountain  View 2? 


200  Mackey 3.10 

125  New  York 75c 

185  North  Con  Vir, 

705  N  Bonanza. 1101.45 

420  Ophir 263026* 

145  Overman 11J01OJ 

900  Phil  Sheridan  . . .  .20015c 
295  Sierra  Nevada... 471046} 

30  Savage 111011 

230  Succor 90080c 

375  Silver  Hill 1.8001.65 

485  Scorpion 1      .    . 

500  Solid  Silver 35c 

110  SPotosi 2$ 

150  Trojan 15c 

330  Union  Con 5940581 

135  Utah 161016 

575  Ward 1}©1.20 

1245  Yellow  Jacket...  1520151 

AFTERNOON  session. 

430  Argenta. 101.10 

50  Albion 35c 

100  Belle  Isle 1..J0c 

70  Bulwer 

1000  Bodie 

1550  Bechtel 1101.55 

100  Belmont .40c 

750  Belvidere 1." 

500  Black  Hawk 3103.60 

7o0  Booker 65075c 

1608  Champion 30040c 

250  Concordia 25c 

1000  Chieftain 15c 

420  C  Pacific 2.1002,  *"" 

10  Caledonia  (B  H) 1 

1600  Dudley 70c 

3870  Endowment 30c 

255  Eureka  Con 15016 

270  Goodshaw 55c 

370  Grand  Prize 404.10 

200  Gila 30c 

20  Golden  Terra 9 

50  Hillside... 1-80 

850  Hussey 20c 

550  Highbridge 45050c 

100  independence. 

950  Jupiter 50060c 

100  Jackson 6 

870  Leopard 101.05 

100  Martin  White 61061 

340  Mono 2.0502.10 

155  Manhattan 13 

1220  McClinton 1.2001.30 


Thursday  A.  1H.,  Apr.  3. 

300  Alta 4.8004.85 

200  Alpha 170171 

150  Andes 40c 

140  Best&  Belcher...  150151 

125  Bullion 505A 

650  Belcher 61061 

320  Benton 3.1003.20 

410  Caledonia 2.2O02J 

935  Con  Imperial. ...1.2O0H 

495  California 4.9505 

945  Challenge 2102.65 

485  Con  Virginia. 4.9505 

100  Confidence 12fl@12[ 

175  Crown  Point..  .4. 6504. 7( 
110  Exchequer 4.80 

1195  Flowery. 60c 

455  Gould&Curry 74 

235  Hale  &  Nor 1O101OJJ 

1245  Justice 3.7003.85 

120  Julia 3.9003.95 

100  Kentuck 41 

750  L  Bryan 80075c 

150  LadvWash 1.10 

1650  Leviathan 25020c 

945  Mexican 31031} 

280  Mackey 2.9503 

500  Margarita 10c 

50  MtView 21 

400  New  York 65060c 

745  N  Con  Virginia 8081 

300  N  Bonanza.... 1.1001. 20 

250  Ophir 213022 

260  Overman 91 

550  Phil  Sheridan 10015c 

80  SierraNevada 42042} 

260  Savage 101010} 

125  Scorpion lj 

145  Silver  Hill 1.4001.35 

100  Succor 55c 

1350  Solid  Silver 35c 

30  Utah 133014} 

550  Wells-Fargo 10c 

275  Ward 101.05 

575  Yellow  Jacket 133 


1540  Navajo 25030c  30 

440  Northern  Belle. . .  .9J01O  300 

650  Noonday 1101.60  500 

400  Orimtal 60c  700 

1325  Paradise 1.9502  100 

50  Real  Del  Monte 2.80  100 

200  Ravmond  &  Ely 51  200 

200RedCloud 1}  250 

325SBulwer 65075c  100 

250  SBodie 40c  725 

100  Star 603  300 

20  Summit 2.0c  800 

2350  S  Standard 100155  460 

560  Tioga  Con 1.85(51.90  2200 

300  University 40050c!  350 


Northern  Belle.... 9109j  , 

Navajo 15c 

Noonday 11 

Oriental 55060c 

Phenix 2 

Raymond  &  Ely 45 

Real  del  Monte 3 

Revenue 1.10 

Summit ..2.20 

SBodie 40035c 

South  Standard 20c 

S  Bulwer 85090c 

Tioga  Con 1.7O01J 

Tuscarora "5c 

University. 40045c 


Pacific  Board— Latest  Sales. 


Wcd'Aday  A.  SI.,  Apr.  ',►. 


Alpha 17 

Alta. 4J04.55 

Belcher 6j™ 

Bullion 

Benton 3} 

Best  fcBelcher 15} 

Con  Virginia '_"_._ 

Con  Imperial 1} 

Crown  Point 4 .6O04J 

California 4.9005 

Chollar 43}044 

Exchequer 4.7004" 

Gould  &  Curry 707i 

Hale  &  Nor 10j!(«10i 

Justice 3.3003.35 

Julia 3.95 

Kentuck 41 

Mexican 2Hi<"29i 

Ophir 2OJ02I 

Overman 9 

Savage 93010 

Sierra  Nevada 41 

Silver  Hill 1.30 

Utah 14 

Union  Con 5(1 

Yellow  Jacket 13g 


A  FTERNOON  sesbion. 

45  Alta 4!@44 

230  Bechtel 1.7001.60 

110  Belcher 605.95 

175  Belvidere 1.45 

50  Bullion 4.90 

310  Booker 50055c 

25  Benton 3.20'] 

130  Caledonia 2.15  , 

165  Con  Imperial 1,20 

40  Con  Virginia 4.95  ' 

50  Crown  Point 4104.65 

60  Gould  &  Curry 7074 

5  Hale  &  Nor. 10$  I 

260  Julia 3.80 

50  Mackey 2.85  { 

40  Mexican 29j|029i 

80  Mono 2302.95 

100  Martin  White 6 

50  New  York 624c 

20  Ophir 304 

20  Overman 9109} 

600  8  Utah 9c 

20  Silver  Hill 1.40 

100  Solid  Silver 30o 

10  Utah 13J 

40  Ward SOc 

300  Wm  Penn 15c 

500  Wells-Fargo I0@12c 


California  Board— Latest  Sales. 


AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

920  Belvidere 9Oc01} 

220  Bodie 8 

1040  Bulwer 17 

345  Black  Hawk 31 

270  Bechtel 1101.55 

900  Belle  Isle 40c 

550  Booker 50080c 

150  Belmont 40c 

600  Caledonia  (B  H) 2.35 

130  CPacific 2,1502.20 

200  Champion 35c 

450  Dudley 65c 

600  Esmeralda 1.1001.30 

220  Eureka  Con 18 

370  GrandPrize 3103.55 

200  Hussey 20c 

600  Highbridge 40045c 

400  Independence  ...1101.60 

22 1  Jackson 7 

300  Jupiter 40c 

200  Leopard 70075c 

1420  Mono." 3103.30 

330  Manhattan 2} 

550  McClinton 95c01.1O 


IVed'sduy  A.  51.,  Apr.  2. 

30  Alpha 17 

50  Alta : 505.05 

200  Atlantic 40c 

500  Atlanta 5c 

450  ^tna 5c 

50  Best  &  Belcher...  151015S 

40  Belcher 61 

30  Bullion 5 

125  Boston 1101.20 

100  Brilliant 25c 

1000  Crevice 20c 

40  California 5 

30  Con  Virginia 505.05 

200  Con  Imperial 1.20011 

80  Crown  Point...  4. 8004. 95 

110  Caledonia 2.20 

30  Chollar 434 

85  Challenge 2.70023 

40  Exchequer 5 

410  Favorite 55c 

30  Gould  &  Curry 7107J 

30  Hale  &  Norcross lO&i 

85  Julia 404.05] 

310  Leviathan 20025c! 

40  Mexican 30}i 

100  North  Carson 8c, 

20  Ophir 21} 

500  S  Utah 709c 

50  Savage 10@10& 

50  Sierra  Nevada.... 4204211 
60  Silver  Jacket 90c 

500  Twin  Peaks 5c 

30  Union 57 

300  Wm  Penn 10c 

10  Yellow  Jacket 135 

AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

100  .-Etna 5cl 


110  Alta 4.60043 

500  Atlanta 60 

50  Alexander 44 

50  Bullion 4.9004.95 

25  Belmont 45c 

60  Best  &  Belcher. . .  .141015 

60  Belcher 6@6| 

80  Caledonia 2.15 

30  Con  Virginia 4.95 

60  Crown  Point 4104.60 

200  Con  Imperial 1.20 

40  California 5 

30  Chollar 43* 

170  Challenge 2.70 

1000  OosoCon 5c 

100  Enterprise 1 

50  Exchequer 4J04.8O 

800  Endowment 30028c 

200  G  Deposit 75c 

35  Gould&Curry 71 

50  Goodshaw. 45c 

40  Hale&Nor 10} 

130  Julia 3.85 

90  Justice 3.4003.45 

130  Mexican 290291 

30  Ophir 20* 

10  Overman 9! 

150  Phil  Sheridan 16c 

40  Savage 91 

1550  SUtah 9©10c 

30  Sierra  Nevada 41 

110  Tioga 1.90 

120  Tiger H 

300  UFlag 5c 

20  Union  Con 54 

100  WellB-Fargo 10c 

100  Wales U 

50  Yellow  Jacket . .  .131013} 


April  5,  1879.1 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS 


213 


The  Mining  Share  Market 

This  week  baa  been  a  continuation  of  the 
disaster*,  dullness,  and  misfortunes  of  the  last. 
There  has  been  little  or  no  life  at  all  in  the 
market.  Prices  have  perhaps  not  been  as  low 
as  those  attending  former  panics,  but  never  has 
there  been  less  movement  and  more  sluggiBh- 
ness  than  now.  Beyond  a  doubt  the  electiun 
for  the  adoption  or  rejection  of  the  proposed 
Constitution  is  to  some  extent  affecting  values 
and  business,  and  so  far  as  this  influence  does 
extend  it  nuis;  be  expected  to  remain  until  the 
excitement  attendant  on  the  election  is  over 
and  the  uneasiness  dispelled.  The  opening  of 
the  week  showed  a  slightly  better  tone  than 
prevailed  at  the  close  of  last,  but  this  soon 
■haded  off  as  to  prices  and  amount  of  custom, 
to  the  sickly  condition  noted  above. 

For  several  days  there  was  an  almost  entire 
absence  of  business  as  well  as  lluctuations. 
The  last  day  or  two  there  was  a  faint  strength- 
ening and  a  little  more  briskness  iu  the  move- 
ments. Ophir,  Mexican,  and  Chollar  have 
been  the  most  active  and  Bodie  stocks  general- 
ly have  attracted  some  attention.  It  has  been 
understood  for  some  time  that  the  insiders  were 
intending  to  strengthen  their  position  with  the 
stockholders  by  economy  manifested  in  the  cut- 
ting down  of  official  salaries  and  reduction  in 
the  number  of  superintendents  and  foremen  in 
the  mines  connected  by  drifts  and  levels. 
Flood  4.  Mackay  are  reported  to  favor  strongly 
this  policy,  recognizing  how  great  an  economy 
is  necessary  in  prospecting  the  Coinstock  dur- 
ing the  present  year. 

A  Chance    to   Visit  Shasta   and   Other 
Northern  Counties. 

Those  who  think  of  visiting  the  great  northern 
region  of  the  State  during  the  coming  season 
and  viewing  its  magnificent  scenery  and  bound- 
less resources,  will  be  interested  in  the  announce- 
ment that  special  arrangements  have  been  made 
by  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad  with  the  C.  & 
0.  C.  L.  Stage.Company,  whereby  they  will  be 
able  to  place  on  sale  during  "the  season,"  com- 
mencing May  1st,  (next),,  at  their  office  in  this 
city  and  at  Sacramento,  "Special  Excursion 
Tickets"  contract  limited  to  30  days  from  date 
of  sale,  at  the  following  rates  for  the  round 
trip  : 


INING     SUMMARY. 


The  following  It  mostly  condensed  from  Journal!  pub- 
lished in  the  interior,  in  proximity  to  the  mines  mentioned. 


No.  Miles! 

fr  111 
Reading 


22 
44 
64 
64 


77 


To  Station  named  and 
Return. 


From 

San 

Fran'o 


U.  8.  Fishery— Aliens  

Slate  Creek 

Southerns 

Lower  Soda  SpringB 

Castle  Rock 

Upper  Soda  Springs ........ 

Strawberry  Valley — Sissons. 


24.50 
28.80 
30.80 
32.80 
33.00 
33.  i 


35.40 


From 
Sacra- 
meuto. 


19.50 
23.80 
25.80 
27.80 
28.00 
28.80 
30.40 


The  "U.  S.  Fishery"  is  on  the  Cloud  river,  at 
the  only  point  where  that  stream  is  touched 
by  the  stage  road,  and  is  two  miles  below  the 
hotel  at  '  'Aliens"  station.  Slate  Creek, 
Southern's  Lower  Soda  Springs,  Castle  Rock 
and  Upper  Soda  Springs  are  on  the  Sacramento 
river.  "Strawberry  Valley"  (Sissons)  is  at  the 
base  of  Mount  Shasta.  At  "Sissons,"  Upper 
and  Lower  Soda  Springs,  guides  and  horses  are 
provided  for  excursions  to  the  summit  of  Mt. 
Shasta  and  to  the  salmon  and  trout  fishing  sta- 
tions and  "deer  licks"  on  the  head  waters  of 
the  Cloud  river. 


"To  Leadville  and  Death." — Under  the 
above  rather  startling  heading  the  Cheyenne 
Leader  comments  upon  the  heavy  tide  of  immi- 
gration that  is  setting  towards  a  certain  mining 
district  in  Colorado  reputed  to  be  rich  in  silver- 
bearing  lead  ores.  In  that  immigration,  stim- 
ulated into  undue  proportions  by  the  most  un- 
warrantable means,  the  Leader  sees  the  portent 
of  terrible  disappointment,  destitution  and  suf- 
fering; the  town  of  Leadville,  the  central  point 
of  this  attraction,  being  already  overrun  with 
multitudes  of  half  famished,  diseased  and 
nearly  desperate  people.  Being  at  a  great  ele- 
vation this  locality,  which  remains  deeply  buried 
under  the  snow,  is  greatly  liable  to  pneumonia 
and  other  diseases  of  the  respiratory  organs, 
from  the  effects  of  which  hundreds  have  already 
died  or  are  now  suffering  with  little  prospect  of 
recovery.  This  journal  charges  that  these 
unfortunate  people  have  been  induced  to  rush 
off  to  that  inhospitable  region  in  the  dead  of 
winter  through  the  exaggerated  accounts  pub- 
lished about  its  mineral  wealth  by  the  agents  of 
transportation  companies  and  others  interested 
in  promoting  a  movement  of  this  kind.  If  now 
a  paper  issued  on  the  very  highway  to  this 
fatal  locality  and  likely  to  be  benefited  by  such 
immigration,  feels  constrained  to  speak  thus 
deprecatingly  thereof,  we  may  feel  assured  it 
has  good  reasons  for  entering  its  protest  against 
both  the  movement  itself  and  its  active  promo- 
ters. This  action  is  significant  of  danger  and 
ought  to  be  accepted  as  a  warning  signal  by 
those  who,  under  the  excitement  caused  by 
these  extravagant  accounts,  may  have  it  in  con- 
templation to  visit  this  deadly  and  greatly  over- 
rated locality. 

We  would  call  the  attention  of  parties  en- 
gaged in  quicksilver  mining,  or  other  pursuits 
of  like  nature,  to  the  advertisement,  in  another 
column,  of  the  patent  Life  Saving  Respirator. 


CALIFORNIA. 
AMADOR. 
Pdoucix     Plymouth  Cor  /..  iger,l£v  29     Thi 

company  have  been  obliged  to  delay  the  working  "f  the 
mine  on  account  nf  tho  scarcity  of  timbers.  Itlaexpi  I 
that  the  mine  will  resume  work  in  a  lew  dajs.  The  um- 
bers are  Jammed  in  the  stream,  and  a  large  'force   of   men 

Lire  now  at  work  to  extricate  them.    The  mUl   La  runnlnj! 

on  rock  accumulated  on  the  dump  The: 
last  two  or  three  days.  A  great  many  timbers  are  needed 
in  the  working**  of  this  mine.  Tho  ground  iu  heavy,  ud 
the  ore  hotly  large,  and  thfl  vast  space-  caused  by  tho  ex- 
cavation of  ore  has  to  he  substantially  timbered.  The 
tunnel  running  Mtlth  irmn  the  north  shaft  is  making 
reM  It  has  advanced  between  40U  and  50u  (1, 
and  is  intended  to  strike  the  vast  .ire  budv  "I  the  south 
shaft  at  the  depth  t.f  1,200  ft. 

3Iim.su  Nor  km.  There  is  a  hitch  in  the' claim  south  of 
the  PJubdIx,  Work  has  been  suspended  for  the  present. 
The  Pha-nix  company  made  application  for  a  patent,  but 
arc  birred  by  I  prior  claim,  which  must  be  purchased  be- 
fore their  title  can  be  passed  upon  by  the  United  States, 
Thomas  Uuwden,  amalgamator  at  the  Pliumix,  says  that 
the  new  quartz  claim  owued  by  their  company  will  pay 
$100  per  ton.  The  claim  is  located  on  the  east  side  of 
Indian  creek,  one  mile  north  of  Plymouth,  on  Jackson 
Oregg's  land,  and  fH^aid  to  he  on  the  Phcenix  lode. 

VoLOARO  [TBU&  -The  Confidence  quartz  claim  has  been 
started  up.  Four  men  are  at  work  sinking,  and  the  erec- 
tion of  hoisting  works  is  talked  of.  A  Santa  Cruz  com- 
pany are  going  to  sink  a  shaft  for  gravel  half  a  mile  east 
of  the  Confidence,  011  the  same  ridge.  The  great  tunnel 
is  in  over  1, 200  ft.  It  has  only  just  got  to  work  again 
after  the  robbery  of  the  powder  and  burning  of  the  maga- 
zine. A  custom  quartz  mill  is  a  desideratum  in  Volcano 
district.  Stewart's  mill  is  kept  constantly  running  ou 
Down's  rock,  with  no  prospect  of  beinjj  able  to  do  any- 
thing for  other  parties.  A  10-stamp  mill  for  custom  pur- 
poses would  pay  well,  besides  aiding  materially  in  the  de- 
velopment of  the  mineral  resources  of  the  district 

CALAVERAS. 

Banner  Misk. — Chronicle,  Mar.  29:  Active  operations 
at  the  Banner  mine,  Mosquito,  have  had  to  be  temporarily 
suspended  in  consequence  of  the  disability  of  the  boiler 
that  runs  the  hoisting  workB.  The  boiler  was  in  such 
condition  that  the  wator  could  not  be  kept  from  the  mine, 
necessitating  a  suspension  that  will  be  but  short.  A 
crushing  of  rock  from  the  Banner  mine,  57  tons,  has 
lately  been  made  in  Garlaud's  mill.  The  yield  was  not 
quite  up  to  the  average. 

Jottings. — Operations  have  been  resumed  at  the  well- 
known  Anderson  Flat  mine,  West  Point  district,  under 
the  supervision  of  Desmond,  agent  of  a  San  Francisco 
company.  The  pumps  were  started  up  this  week,  and  as 
soon  as  the  shaft  is  freed  of  water,  sinking1  will  be  com- 
menced. Extremely  rich  rock  is  being  obtained  from  the 
Charlotte  mine,  at  Mosquito,  Messrs.  Peck  &  Potter  pro- 
prietors. The  ledge  is  a  very  promising  one,  but  not  yet 
sufficiently  developed  to  determine  its  permanence  and 
value. 

ELDORADO 

Pilot  Hill.— Placerville  Democrat,  Mar.  29:  Quite  a 
strike  has  been  made  in  the  Victoria  mine,  Hogg's  Dig- 
gings. The  ledge  is  seven  ft  thick  and  the  ore  from  the 
recently-opened  pay  chute  prospects  at  the  rate  of  875  per 
ton  by  mill  process.  The  claims  of  Stephenson  and  Men- 
dez  afford  prospects  scarcely  less  flattering  than  the  above. 
The  Bowlder  gravel  mine  is  run  night  and  day,  under  the 
superintendence  of  Prof.  Wheeler.  No  doubts  are  enter- 
tained but  that  a  big  clean-up  will  be  the  result  of  this 
winter's  work.  Adjoining  the  Bowlder  claim  ex-Justice 
M.  L.  Warner  is  vigorously  at  work  on  his  gravel  bank. 

INYO 

Tub  Modock.— Independent,  Mar,  29:  By  far  the  most 
important  mining  work  now  going  on  in  Inyo  county  is 
the  deep  tunnel  enterprise  of  the  Modock  Con.,  at  Look- 
out. It  will  develop  our  most  prominent  base  metal  mine 
at  the  greatest  depth  yet  attained,  the  level  being  1,000  ft 
below  the  ledge  croppinga  and  100  ft  deeper  than  the  new 
Union  shaft  at  Cerro  Gordo.  The  face  of  the  tunnel  is 
now  in  beyond  the  vertical  line  of  the  old  bodies  of  lead 
ore,  but  the  strong  pitch  into  the  hill  of  the  accompany- 
ing silver  belts— the  Confidence  ledges— renders  it  difficult 
to  judge  how  much  further  the  tunnel  must  be  driven  to 
intersect  the  ledge.  It  must,  however,  be  in  close  prox- 
imity to  it  now,  and  a  strike  is  almost  daily  expected. 

Snow's  Canyon.— The  mill  is  in  operation  on  custom 
ore,  and  a  new  impulse  thereby  given  to  working  and 
prospecting  the  numerous  small,  rich  gold  ledges  of  the 
district. 

New  Coso.— There  is  a  much  better  feeling  in  and  about 
the  old  mines  of  Darwin  since  the  New  Coso  furnace,  by 
its  great  reduction  of  charges  for  smelting  and  liberal  and 
prompt  payment  for  ores  on  delivery,  has  practically  car- 
ried out  a  plan  whereby  all  the  mines  contribute  ore  to 
keep  one  furnace  in  constant  work.  The  Custer  mine  is 
in  line  on  this  matter,  the  old  Defiance  and  others  will 
soon  fall  in,  while  the  Lucky  Jim  itself  looks  extremely 
promising  for  a  good  output  of  ore  and  bullion  during  the 
season. 

MONO 

Tub  Defiance.  —Standard,  Mar.  29:  The  shaft  is 
Blightly  inclined,  following  the  ledge,  which  dips  to  the 
east.  The  depth  reached  is  143  ft,  from  which  point  a 
drift  extends  north  168  ft.  At  the  bottom  of  the  shaft 
the  lode  is  18  ft  in  width;  at  a  point  72  ft  north  in  the 
drift  it  narrows  to  eight  ft,  while  at  the  extreme  face  of 
drift  north  it  again  widens,  and  is  11  ft  wide.  The  west, 
or  foot  wall,  is  as  smooth  and  well  defined  as  a  ceiling: 
the  eastern  side  of  the  fissure  is  somewhat  broken.  The 
filling  between  is  largely  composed  of  good  looking  quartz; 
but  it  is  also  subject  to  those  whitish  clay  slips  character- 
istic of  the  Silver  Hill  formation,  so  far  as  present  depths 
have  determined.  There  is  an  unusual  amount  of  the 
black  manganese  coloring  scattered  throughout.  In 
places  the  vein  matter  prospects  high,  while  the  average 
assay  of  the  solid  quartz  is  indicative  of  a  good  "milling 
proposition."  The  company  have  decided  to  put  on  ateam 
hoisting  works  at  once  and  follow  the  lode.  The  shaft 
will  be  enlarged  to  double  its  present  size.  'The  prospect 
would  appear  to  justify  a  new  vertical  shaft,  but  the  in- 
cline has  been  decided  upon.  A  new  ledge  has  been  dis- 
covered  a  few  feet  west  of  the  main  one,  surface  prospects 
from  which  are , very  encouraging;  gold  being  readily 
horned  from  the'  very  croppings.  This  lode  is  almost 
three  ft  in  width,  and  its  discovery  a  result  of  accident. 

The  Standard.— The  Burgess  or  Cook  ledge  has  been 
developed  north  of  the  crosscut  about  100  ft.  At  this 
point  the  ledge  dipped  sharply  west,  then  for  a  distance  of 
30  to  40  ft  twisted  out  of  the  line  of  drift  and  was  lost 
sight  of  entirely.  In  this  short  distance  it  Beems  to  have 
turned  a  complete  somersault,  landing  on  its  feet  right 
side  up  and  richer  than  ever,  but  pitching  to  the  eastward 
at  an  angle  greater  than  it  had  inclined  in  the  other  di- 
rection. The  ore  of  this  irregular  vein  is  at  present  a 
"sight  for  sore  eyes."  Its  rich  ore  is  as  full  of  the  precious 
metal  as  the  best  of  the  Bruce,  which  ledge,  by  the  way, 
is  holding  its  own  northward  over  300  ft  from  the  Bodie 
line.  The  Gildea  is  the  prettiest  ledge  in  the  whole  series; 
in  fact,  there  is  none  in  the  whole  district  so  clean  cut  as 
to  walls  and  filling  of  bright,  live  quartz. 

NEVADA. 

Round  Mountain  Mine.— Herald,  Mar.  29:  The  main 
tunnel  is  in  400  ft.     It  is  large  and  commodious,  being  six 


ft  in  the  clear,  and  is  substantially  timbered.    They  were 

obliged  to  run  in  a  distance  of  300  ft  before  the  gravel  was 

reached.     There  are  two  drifts  branching  off  from  the 

main  tunnel,  and  each  of  these  is  in  a  distance  of  about  I  Utah, 

200  ft.    The  gravel  is  very  rich.    There  were  a  vast  num- 1     North  Bonanza  and  Flowery 


ber  of  little  particle*  of  gold  van  'in?  In  size  from  that  of  a 
ui n -head  down  to  specks  too  small  for  the  naked  eye. 
Th.  n  art  about  a  dozen  men  at  work  in  and  about  the 
mine,  and  they  are  taking  out  about  80  carload*  per  day. 
The  gravel  it  Bully  mined,  and  as  it  is  run  out  of  the  tun- 
nel in  cars,  it  is  not  very  expensive  getting  it  out.  There 
are  over  a  thousand  carloads  on  the  dump  now,  which  will 
■MM  be  washed. 

Bllb  Tint  Misks.—  The  mines  have  been  kept  con- 
stantly running  since  water  was  first  gotum  through  the 
ditches  It  has  required  good  management  to  keep  the 
TCter  running  all  the  lime,  owing  to  the  many  little 
slides  which  h;ive  occurred,  but  It  nas  been  done.  The 
aiiuw-shcds  constructed  over  the  ditches  iu  the  heavy 
- 1  j ■  ■  -■■  belt  have  been  an  immense  saving  from  breaks,  as 
the  now  OOtUlng  down  the  mountain  rides  strikes  tho  top 
uf  llie  shed  and  ithoota  over  iiihtead  of  bitting  the  flume  or 
ditch,  as  it  would  otherwise  do.  These  sheds  will  be  ex- 
tended as  soon  as  convenient,  so  as  to  cover  all  places  ex- 
posed to  bdow  slides. 

Moork's  Flat  Itkus.  — The  Blue  Banks  claim  are  about 
ready  to  begin  washing.  The  Bostou  mine  is  running  full 
blast.  There  are  at  present  about  30  men  employed  iu  the 
mine,  and  more  are  engaged.  They  are  paying $3  per  day. 
The  Miners'  Union  succeeded  In  convincing  the  managers 
of  that  mine  that  it  would  bu  better  to  continue  the  rate 
"i  wagamt  S3  per  day  thun  to  attempt  to  enforce  the  pro- 
posed reduction.  There  will  he  a  blast  of  200  kegs  of  pow- 
der exploded  under  the  bank  of  the  Boston  claim  in  a  few 
days.  The  claims  owned  by  the  Chinese  are  running  in 
full  headway. 

SAN  LUIS  OBISPO. 

Placer  Mines.—  South  Coast,  Mai.  2(1:  About  150 
miners,  principally  Spanish  people,  are  engaged  in  taking 
out  gold,  the  average  pay  is  probably  §1  per  diem.  The 
mines  arc  what  are  known  as  gulch  diggings.  The  mines 
developed  and  now  working  are  located  in  and  on  a  num- 
ber of  dry  gulches,  all  within  a  radius  of  perhaps  two 
miles.  The  want  of  water  is  the  great  impediment  in  the 
way  of  more  successful  mining.  Sir.  Jackson  and  Thomas 
Fuller  have  located  and  proceeded  to  prospect  in  a  syste- 
matic manner  a  piece  of  ground  in  the  Bame  gold  belt,  but 
four  miles  away  from  the  principal  mines,  on  a  large 
stream  which  has  a  fine  running  stream  of  water. 

SHASTA- 

loo  Itbms. — Cor.  Reading  Independent,  Mar.  27:  Mr. 
R.  Harvey  has  tried  the  strength  of  several  tone  of  powder 
in  the  Hard  Scrabble  mines,  loosening  thousands  of  tons 
of  gravel;  the  giants  have  since  been  throwing  water  with 
great  force  on  this  loosened  mass,  night  and  day,  with 
good  effect,  while  in  other  parts  of  the  extensive  mine 
blasting  is  going  on,  driving  the  bedrock  cuts  up  to 
other  high  banks,  to  give  work  for  other  giants.  Dunham 
■it  Co.  have  commenced  a  ditch,  taking  the  water  out  of 
Cottonwood  near  Mr.  Taylor's,  below  Eagle  creek,  run- 
ning it  down  to  the  mouth  of  Hulan  creek,  where  there  is 
good  diggings.  There  is  a  large  force  now  working  on  the 
ditch,  and  it  will  soon  be  completed.  Messrs.  Prevost  & 
Co.  are  still  driving  their  tunnel  ahead  on  one  of  Mr.  En- 
gle's  mines,  with  good  prospects,  as  also  are  Messrs.  Wil- 
son &  Co.  Work  in  the  mines  of  the  South  Fork  district 
is  going  ahead  as  well  as  it  can,  considering  the  weather. 
Wright  &.  Co.'s  arastra  has  been  delayed  by  the  rain,  but 
with  one  day  more  of  good  weather,  it  will  be  completed; 
Lhey  have  already  commenced  hauling  quartZj  and  are  in 
good  spirits. 

Bio  Thing. — A  rich  ledge  has  been  discovered  near 
Slick  Rock,  about  three  and  a  half  miles  from  the  Conway 
location,  which  from  all  accounts  beatB  anything  yet  dis- 
covered. The  ledge  is  owned  by  William  Murray,  E.  G. 
Parker,  Fred.  Ten  Eyck  and  Mr.  Vandeveer.  Mr.  Murray 
sayB  that  he  has  drawn  a  line  over  the  ledge  to  a  distance 
of  1,000  ft,  and  that  it  will  average  three  ft  in  width,  the 
rock  in  some  places  assaying  as  high  as  $1,000  to  the  ton. 
It  is  composed  of  rotten  quartz  that  is  completely  Bpeckled 
with  gold. 

TUOLUMNE. 

In  Operation. — Independent,  Mar.  29:  The  new  10- 
stamp  mill  cf  the  Gold  Hunur  Consolidated  mining  com- 
pany started  up  March  2l8t.  The  claim  of  this  company 
is  six  miles  east  of  Summersville,  on  Big  canyon,  and  16 
miles  east  of  Sonora.  Their  vein  is  on  the  same  range  of 
slate  on  which  is  situated  the  Ferguson  mine  and  the  cel- 
ebrated Hight  mine,  in  Mariposa  county.  The  mine  has 
been  six  years  in  process  of  development.  The  shaft  is 
now  down  nearly  200  ft,  and  shows  good  rock  in  the  bot- 
tom, the  vein  running  from  IS  inches  to  four  ft.  Some  of 
the  rock  prospects  big,  having  an  abundance  of  free  water, 
and  the  rock  being  easy  of  extraction,  they  can  get  out 
and  mill  the  ore  at  a  very  low  figure.  Three  hundred 
tons  of  rock  are  now  on  the  dump,  the  levels  are  all  run 
for  stoping,  and  ore  enough  is  m  sight  ready  to  break 
down  to  keep  the  mill  employed  a  year.  The  mill  waB 
built  by  D.  Seeber,  and  contains  all  the  modern  improve- 
ments. The  battery  is  driven  by  a  30J-ft  iron  wheel.  The 
machinery  has  run  right  along  like  a  clock  without  change 
or  stoppage. 

Mining  Items.— At  the  Keltz  mine,  above  Columbia,  the 
shaft  is  now  going  down  in  good  rock— more  than  paying 
the  expense  of  sinking.  The  Bhaft  is  now  down  100  ft, 
and  after  getting  80  ft  deeper  a  second  level  will  be  run. 
The  mill  is  doing  good  work  on  rock  from  the  first  level. 
The  bottom  of  the  shaft  shows  a  vein  three  ft  wide.  Wm. 
Sharwood,  T.  C.  Bimey  and  M.  Moyle  are  the  owners  of 
the  mine.  The  Omega  tunnel  is  being  re-opened  and  run 
into  Table  mountain  from  the  Jamestown  side,  by  John 
Oliver  and  the  Daley  Bros.  Murry  &  Keyser  have  struck 
rich  quartz  on  the  Black  Hawk  hill,  near  Brazee's  saw 
mill  road  at  the  head  of  Bald  mountain.  Geo.  Morgan, 
Columbia,  has  "struck  it  big"  on  the  old  St.  Louis  claim, 
between  Spring  gulch  and  Rose  gulch,  near  the  Shanghai 
claim. 

NEVADA. 
WASHOE  DISTRICT. 

Dardanelles.— Gold  Hill  News,  Apr.  8:  Active  opera- 
tions have  been  resumed  at  this  mine.  The  new  shaft, 
which  is  100  ft  deep,  is  being  sunk  as  expeditiously  as 
possible.  The  situation  of  the  new  Bhaft  has  been  well 
chosen.  There  isample  dumping  ground  for  years  to  come; 
the  railroad  track  runs  within  100  ft,  facilitating  the  de- 
livery of  wood  and  timber,  and  it  is  closer  to  the  ledge 
than  the  old  works. 

Con.  Virginia. — The  repairs  to  the  shaft'have  not  yet 
been  completed.  The  main  drift  to  the  C.  &  C.  shaft  on 
the  1500  level  is  still  receiving  attention  in  the  line  of  en- 
largement and  re-timbering,  as  also  is  the  joint  drift  on 
the  1650  to  the  shaft.  The  joint  west  drift,  2150  level, 
continues  in  favorable-looking  vein  material,  carrying 
stringers  of  quartz,  through  which  it  is  making  three  ft 
per  day.  It  is  now  in  328  ft.  The  C.  &  C.  shaft  is  185  ft 
below  the  2160  level. 

Utah. — The  V-bob  has  been  delivered  and  is  being  set 
upon  the  surface,  and  the  braces,  etc.,  adjusted.  The 
drilling  for  the  anchor  bolts  is  finished.  The  main  incline 
is  down  to-day  368  ft  on  the  slope,  below  the  1350  level. 

Alta.-  The  three-compartment  incline,  joint  with  the 
Benton,  is  down  and  timbered  210  ft  on  the  slope,  below 
the  1550  level.    It  follows  the  pitch  of  the  ledge. 

Julia  Con.— The  pumps  above  the  1600  level  have  all 
been  disconnected  except  two,  the  upper  clacks  of  which 
have  been  taken  out,  causing  then)  to  answer  the  purpose 
of  balance,  bobs.  All  the  water  pumped  is  now  discharged 
into  the  Sutro  Tunnel,  and  the  2000  level  will  soon  be 
reached. 

California. — The  joint  Consolidated  winze  from  the 
1950  level  is  down  105  ft.  Both  are  in  hard  blasting  rock. 
The  joint  west  drift,  2150  level,  is  in  326  ft,  and  pene- 
trating a  fine  vein  formation,  carrying  stringers  of  quartz. 
The  C.  &  C.  shaft  is  being  sunk  at  the  rate  of  two  ft  per 
day,  and  is  185  ft  below  the  2150  level.  The  flow  of  water 
continues  unabated. 

Sierra  Nevada. — Sinking  in  the  incline  has  been  re- 
sumed.  The  water  is  increasing  slightly,  but  the  flow  is 
readily  handled.  The  drift  on  the  2200  level  is  being- 
graded  and  timbered  very  rapidly.  The  ventilation  of  the 
mine  is  excellent,  a  strong  current  of  fresh  air  comiiig  in 
from  the  main  shaft  and  through  the  connection  with  the 


The  joint  shaft  is  making  three  ft  per  day,  and  is  06  ft 
below  the  second  station.  Tho  north  lateral  drift  from 
the  first  station  being  rapidly  pushed  along  the  ledge, 
Bhowi  a  regular  wall  of   clay  several  feet  in  thickness. 

Justice.—  The  surface  workings  iu  the  Waller  Defeat 
grounds  are  still  yielding  their  ujsual  amount  of  ore.  The 
donkey  engine  gTcatly  facilitates  operations  and  lessens 
the  cost  of  extracting  the  ore.  The  yield  is  35  tons  per 
day. 

Gould  4  Cubrv.— The  joint  east  drift.  1700  level,  Is 
making  six  ft  per  day  through  good  working  ground,  its 
face  712  ft  from  the  lateral  drift.  The  Curry  winze  from  the 
1700  to  tho  1900  level  is  being  retimbered.  In  the  Osbis- 
ton  shaft  a  bob-pit  is  being  cut  out.  The  drain  tunnel  is 
making  very  rapid  progress  toward  the  shaft,  the  gTound 
being  soft  and  favorable. 

Union  Cos.— Thu  1450  drift  north,  connecting  with  the 
Sierra  Nevada,  Is  still  being  repaired.  The  joiut  Mexican 
incline  winze  from  the  1600  level  is  down  wio  ft,  and  is 
being  met  by  an  upraise  from  the  2000  level. 

North  Con.  Viruinia.— A  set  of  timbers  per  day  is  be- 
ing put  in  as  the  shaft  follows  down  the  upraise  from  the 
1700  level  of  the  Sierra  Nevada.  Ventilation  in  the  shaft 
is  continually  improving.  The  euperiuteudeney  of  the 
mine  has  been  placed  under  the  care  of  Win.  H.  Patton, 
the  well-known  bonanza  superintendent. 

Mbxican.— The  joint  Union  incline  winze  from  the  1600 
level  is  now  down  320  ft,  on  the  slope,  in  favorable  look- 
ing vein  porphyry.  The  joint  Ophir  upraise  from  the 
2100  level  is  penetrating  hard  blasting  porphyry,  its  face 
01  ft  above  the  drift. 

Best  &.  Belcher.— The  east  drift,  1700  level,  is  Hearing 
the  perpendicular  of  the  Osbiston  shaft  at  the  rate  of  six 
ft  per  day.  Crosscut  No.  1,  1900  level,  is  making  about 
equal  progress  through  good  vein  material  carrying 
stringers  of  quartz.  At  the  Osbiston  shaft  a  bob-pit  is  be- 
ing excavated. 

Bullion.— The  face  continues  in  soft  vein  porphyry  with 
streaks  of  quartz.  The  pipe  for  the  new  compressor  has 
been  laid  to  the  2150  level  and  the  foundation  com- 
pleted. 

Tbojan.  — The  northeast  drift  from  the  third  station  is 
making  three  and  one-half  ft  per  day,  through  a  promising 
vein  formation  consisting  of  quartz  and  porphyry.  From 
the  incline  upraiBe  above  tho  second  level,  a  drift  is  being 
run  south  through  fine-looking  quartz. 

Ybllow  Jacket.—  The  new  shaft  is  being  sunk  in  very 
hard,  dry  ground.  Tho  drift  on  the  2400  level,  and  from 
the  north  winze,  is  approaching  the  shaft  at  the  rate  of 
six  ft  per  day.  The  new  air  compressor  iB  working  well. 
Overman.—  The  O  &  C  shaft  is  down  550  ft.  A  pocket 
of  water  has  been  encountered  which  has  stopped  the 
work  till  the  flow  subsides  somewhat.  Some  60,000  gal- 
lons are  raised  per  day. 

Leviathan.—  Work  is  being  actively  prosecuted  in  the 
lateral  drifts  both  north  and  south  on  the  760  level,  each 
making  good  advancement.  The  machinery  and  new 
cables  are  operating  finely. 

Exchequer.—  The  delay  caused  by  the  breaking  of  the 
pumping  machinery  of  the  Imperial  has  prevented  the 
usual  progress  in  the  north  drift,  2400  level,  but  the  work 
has  been  resumed,  the  face  of  the  drift  being  still  in  a  fine 
formation  of  vein  matter. 

Mt.  Hood  &  Vancouver.— The  guides  are  not  all  yet  in 
the  shaft.  The  work  has  been  delayed  by  repairs  to  the 
shaft,  which  had  to  be  retimbered  for  a  distance  of  60  ft  at 
the  600  leveL 

Caledonia.— The  east  drift,  1600  level,  has  been  discon- 
tinued. The  winze  below  this  level  is  still  in  a  mixture 
of  clay,  porphyry,  and  quartz,  carrying  considerable 
water.     The  04C  shaft  is  down  550  ft. 

Hale  &  Norcross.  —Timbering  and  securing  the  light- 
ning drift... The  pumps  hold  the  water  below  the  2000  level 
while  this  work  is  being  done. 

Savage. — Pumping  and  holding  the  water  below  the 
2000  level  and  retimbering  the  incline.  Forty  ft  of  this 
work  have  been  completed. 

Con.  Imperial.— Work  is  now  going1  on  as  UBual  and  the 
drift  iB  following  the  vein  and  intersecting  some  flne- 
looking  feeders.  The  south  drift,  same  level,  is  being 
pushed  as  rapidly  as  possible  to  connect  with  the  2400 
level  of  the  Yellow  Jacket  for  needed  ventilation. 

Sutro  Tunnel.— All  the  survcyB  have  been  made  for 
the  contemplated  sub-drain  and  the  grade  Is  established. 
The  preliminary  work  necessary  to  the  commencement  of 
operations  has  been  completed,  and  the  advent  of  Mr. 
Sutro  is  awaited  to  begin  digging  the  drain. 

Ophir. — The  main  incline  is  down  155  ft,  on  the  Blope, 
below  the  2200  level,  penetrating  vein  porphyry,  carrying 
streaks  of  quartz.  The  joint  Mexican  upraise  from  the 
2100  level  is  up  61  ft,  and  passing  through  hard,  blasting 
porphyry. 

Andes.— The  main  drift  north  on  the  350  level  Is  pene- 
trating quartz  of  a  favorable  character.  A  crossdrift  from 
a  point  25  ft  from  the  face  has  been  started  west,  and  is 
encountering  small  streaks  of  quartz. 

Ward.— The  work  of  bailing  the  water  from  the  shaft  is 
still  going  on,  some  40  ft  still  remaining  before  the  bot- 
tom, 1,400  ft,  is  reached.  The  water  pipes  have  been  laid 
from  the  tank  to  within  40  ft  of  the  building.  A  roof  h&a 
been  put  over  the  tank  and  it  has  been  lined  on  the  out- 
side and  a  door  put  in. 

Belcher.— The  main  incline  is  now  21  ft  below  the  2660 
level,  and  guides  have  been  extended  to  the  bottom.  On 
the  2360  level,  near  the  south  liue,  a  crosscut  nas  been 
started,  which  is  now  opening  up  a  fine  vein  formation. 

Silver  Hill. — The  east  crosscut  on  the  1100  level  is  still 
showing  up  low-grade  ore,  and  has  its  face  520  ft  from  the 
incline.  A  drift  has  been  started  south  from  the  Justice 
workings  in  the  Waller  Defeat  ground. 

EUREKA  DISTRICT. 

Williamsburg.—  Mining  Report,  Mar.  29:  The  main 
shaft  has  been  sunk  to  adepth  of  100  ft  and  a  drift  started 
on  the  vein;  the  latter  being  in  about  50  ft.  A  winze  has 
been  sunk  40  ft  on  the  ore  body,  and  at  the  bottom  the 
ledge  is  over  Ave  ft  wide  and  assays  about  §300  per  ton. 
The  formation  is  white  clay  with  brown  streaks  running 
through  it.  Bunches  of  ore  have  been  struck  in  other 
parts  of  the  mine  which  assayed  over  $1,000  per  ton  silver. 
In  another  place  a  shaft  was  recently  Btarted,  now  down 
10  ft,  in  which  a  well-defined  ledge  was  struck.  More 
work  has  been  done  than  was  really  necessary,  the  mine 
not  having  been  opened  up  in  the  proper  shape,  but  if  the 
main  Bhaft  be  driven  down  to  the  depth  of  200  It,  a  level 
opened  and  a  drift  started  for  the  ledge,  it  could  be 
worked  to  a  better  advantage. 

Kit  Carson. — A  contract,  on  which  work  was  com- 
menced a  few  days  since,  has  been  let  to  Bink  the  Bhaft 
100  ft  further  down.  The  large  cave  mentioned  some  time 
Since  was  followed  down  for  a  distance  of  CO  ft,  when  hard 
ground  was  struck.  This  formation  lasted  for  a  few  feet 
and  another  cave  was  found.  The  immense  amount  of 
foul  air  which  arose  from  this  cave  to  the  upperone,  com- 
pelled the  miners  to  quit  work  for  a  while  as  they  were  all 
getting  sick.  The  object  of  the  contract  above  mentioned 
is  to  sink  the  shaft  to  a  sufficient  depth  to  drift  from  the 
bottom  and  run  under  this  cave,  thereby  furnishing  a 
current  of  fresh  air.  The  drift  will  be  about  50  ft  long. 
The  first  cave  is  100  ft  deep  and  almost  perpendicular  and 
the  last  one,  as  near  as  can  be  judged,  is  about  80  ft. 
There  is  crystal  formation  between  the  two.  Considerable 
galena  ore  was  found  iu  the  large  cave. 

REESE  RIVER  DISTRICT. 

The  Manhattan.—  Reveille,  Mar.  29:  The  517  stope 
shows  no  falling  off  iu  either  grade  or  size  of  ledge.  The 
617  weBt  drift  is  being  driven  into  the  ore  body  as  fast  as 
possible.  There  is  no  change  in  the  560  stope,  the  ledge 
continuing  small  but  rich.  In  sinking  a  winze  from  the 
600  east  drift  a  considerable  body  of  very  fine  ore  has 
been  developed,  which  will  soon  be  ready  to  be  worked 
through  the  675  level.  The  825  stope  contains  a  very 
large  ledge,  but  the  ore  is  not  as  high  a  grade  as  formerly, 
though  still  over  8200  per  ton.  The  winze  in  the  600  west 
drift  of  the  North  Star  shaft  is  now  down  40  ft.  It  will 
be  continued  down  to  a  depth  of  50  ft,  when  a  drift  will 
be  run  to  prospect  the  ledge. 

WestbenNte.—  Grantsville  Sim,  Mar.  26:  Everything 
about  the  Alexander  mine  iB  looking  well.  The  yield  of 
ore  continues  unchanged.    The  north  crosscut  from  the 


-The  boilers  are  in  place, 


tContinued  on  page  220.] 


214 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[April  5,^1879. 


The  Genesis  of  Cinnabar  Deposits.— No.  1. 

[A  paper  read  before  the  Geological  Section  of  the  Califor- 
nia Academy  of  Sciences,  by  S.  B.  Christy,  Pn.  B.] 

There  is  no  branch  of  theoretic  geology  which 
has  greater  interest  both  to  the  student  and  to 
the  miner  than  the  study  of  the  nature  and  ori- 
gin of  mineral  veins.  It  is  the  province  of  the 
geologist  to  make  a  careful  study  of  the  phe- 
nomena as  they  exist  in  nature,  while  on  the 
other  hand,  it  is  that  of  the  chemist  to  take  up 
the  study  at  this  point,  and,  given  the  facts,  to 
find  an  explanation  for  them. 

The  whole  subject  is  one  of  the  most  difficult 
that  chemistry  and  geology  have  undertaken, 
and  even  with  the  aid  of  all  the  appliances 
which  modern  science  brings  to  bear  upon  its 
problems  there  is  still  much  to  be  accomplished. 
Even  to  the  general  reader  the  names  of  Hall 
and  Philips  of  England;  Daubree,  Durocher,  St. 
Clair  Deville  and  De  Senarmont  of  France; 
Rose,  Bischoff,  Pfaff  and  Fuchs  of  Germany; 
Hunt,  LeConte,  Dana  and  others  of  America, 
are  too  well  known  and  appreciated  to  need  any 
eulogy.  But  as  only  the  special  student  is  fa- 
miliar with  the  progress  which  has  been  made 
in  this  direction,  it  may  not  be  out  of  place  to 
recapitulate  briefly,  what  has  been  accom- 
plished. 

Fuchs  in  his  interesting  and  valuable  mono- 
graph Die  kuenstltch  dwgestellten  Mineralien 
has  carefully  compiled  what  has  been  done  by 
the  chemists  and  geologists  already  mentioned, 
as  well  as  by  many  others.  This  record  shows 
that  nearly  all  the  important  native  metals, 
their  oxides,  hydrates,  carbonates,  sulphates, 
sulpharsenates,  sulphantimonates,  sulphates 
and  many  of  the  silicates  have  been  successfully 
reproduced.  Among  this  list  may  be  mentioned 
as  examples,  galena,  argentite,  realger,  iron- 
pyrites,  copper  pyrites,  mispickel,  molybden- 
ite, fahlore,  fluor  spar,  quartz,  corundum,  opal, 
calc  spar,  aragonite,  dolomite,  witherite,  stron- 
tianite,  malachite,  etc.  These  artificial  minerals 
it  is  true  were  many  of  them  almost  micro- 
scopic in  size,  but  they  were  proved  to  have 
the  same  physical  properties,  crystalline  form, 
hardness,  color,  specific  gravity,  etc.,  as  the 
native  minerals,  as  well  as  the  same  chemical 
composition. 

The  methods  by  which  they  were  produced 
have  in  common  the  condition  of  freedom  of 
motion  among  the  molecules  which  favors  crys- 
tallization, but  otherwise  they  vary  widely. 
The  following  is  a  condensation  of  the  list  as 
given  by  Fuchs  (Die  huenstlich  dargestellten 
Mineralien,  p.  6.J: 

1.  Molecular  rearrangement. 

2.  Sublimation. 

3.  Decomposition  of  vapors  at  a  high  temper- 
atures. 

4.  Action  of  gases  and  vapors  upon  strongly 
heated  solid  bodies. 

5.  Melting. 

6.  Solution  in  liquids. 

7.  Slow  union  of  dilute  solutions. 

8.  Electrolysis. 

9.  Diffusion  of  solutions. 

10.  Union  of  substances  whioh  slowly  act 
upon  each  other. 

Of  these  ten  methods,  with  perhaps  the  ex- 
ception of  No.  9,  all  have  been  observed  in 
nature. 

While  it  has  been  proved  that  some  of  these 
minerals  may  be  produced  by  more  than  one 
method,  as  iron  pyrites,  quartz  and  cinnabar, 
others  as  the  carbonates  have  been  as  yet  pro- 
duced in  only  one,  it  follows  that  the  conditions 
which  occur  in  any  particular  locality  must  be 
very  carefully  studied  before  we  can  decide  in 
the  matter.  The  results  of  the  more  recent  ob- 
servations and  experiments,  tend  to  show  with 
increasing  certainty  the  importance  as  a  trans- 
forming agent  of  the  solution  of  the  alkaline 
carbonates  and  sulphides,  especially  when  these 
act  under  the  conditions  of  great  heat  and  pres- 
sure. A  constantly  increasing  number  of  phe- 
nomena are  being  explained  by  their  influences, 
and  the  importance  which  was  formerly  attach- 
ed to  the  sublimation  theories  is  gradually  de- 
creasing. 

The  ores  of  mercury,  however,  partly  from 
the  fact  that  they  have  been  but  little  studied, 
and  partly  from  their  easy  volatility,  together 
with  the  difficulty  of  accounting  for  their  solu- 
tion in  any  known  reagents  which  are  suppos- 
able  in  nature,  has  led  to  their  being  generally 
regarded  as  formed  by  sublimation.  Even  in  so 
recent  a  work  as  that  of  M.  H.  Kuss,  [Memoire 
sur  les  Mines  et  Usines  d' Almaden,  p.  47,  re- 
print from  Annates  des  Mines,)  the  author  says: 
"We  should  always  recognize  in  cinnabar  the 
character  of  a  vein  substance  carried  to  the  sur- 
face very  probably  in  tbe  state  of  vapor." 

The  purpose  of  the  present  paper,  is  then,  a 
discussion  of  the  two  theories  as  to  the  formation 
of  cinnabar  deposits.  We  shall  endeavor  to 
find  an  answer  to  the  question,  "Are  cinnabar 
deposits  produced  by  sublimation,  or  are  they 
deposited  from  solution  ?" 

In  considering  this  question  it  will  be  neces- 
sary to  review,  briefly,  the  facts  to  be  explained 
and  the  present  state  of  knowledge  with  regard 
to  the  chemistry  of  certain  of  the  compounds 
of  mercury.  The  subject  will  therefore  be  di- 
vided as  follows: 

First — The  facts  to  be  explained.  A  brief 
synopsis  of  the  nature  of  some  of  the  more  im- 
portant cinnabar  deposits. 

Second — Some  of  the  more  important  proper- 
ties of  cinnabar. 


Third — The  results  of  some  original  investi- 
gations on  this  subject. 

Fourth,  and  lastly — A  comparison  of  the  rel- 
ative probabilities  of  the  two  theories. 
First— The   Characteristics  of  Some  of  the 
Principal  Cinnabar  Deposits. 

I  begin  with  the  one  with  which  I  am  person- 
ally acquainted,  that  of  New  Almaden.  This 
has  already  been  well  described  by  Prof.  Silli- 
man  in  the  American  Journal  of  Science,  but  a 
statement  of  its  principal  points  may  not  be 
out  of  place.  This  mine  is  situated  about  13 
miles  southwest  of  San  Jose,  in  a  low  range  of 
hills.  This  range  begins  at  the  Hacienda  creek 
and  runs  parallel  to  the  Coast  range  for  about 
four  miles,  when  it  is  cut  by  the  Guadalupe 
creek.  These  hills,  so  far  as  exploited,  are 
composed  of  serpentine  overlaid  by  a  layer  of 
magnesian  schists,  which  are  nearly  always 
black,  and  which  on  analysis  I  have  found  to 
contain  much  iron  and  some  alumina.  Over- 
lying these  are  other  schists  which  become  more 
and  more  aluminous  until  generally  they  change 
into  clay  slates.  These  latter  rocks  are  every- 
where greatly  metamorphosed,  in  some  cases  so 
much  so  that  they  approach  in  appearance  the 
darker  varieties  of  jasper.  These  overlying 
schists  have  the  same  general  dip  as  tbe  surface 
of  the  hills,  modified,  of  course,  more  or  less, 
by  subsequent  erosion. 

The  serpentine  gave  as  the  result  of  qualita- 
tive analysis  large  amounts  of  magnesia  and  sil- 
ica, with  smaller  amounts  of  iron  and  alumina, 
and  traces  of  chromium,  manganese,  calcium 
and  nickel. 

Lying  between  these  magnesian  schists  (to 
which  the  Mexican  miners  have  given  the  name 
"alta,"  and  the  Cornishmen  "hanging  wall") 
and  the  serpentine  beneath  is  found  the  deposit 
of  cinnabar.  The  "vein  matter"  itself  appears 
to  be  a  serpentine  somewhat  altered  by  infil- 
trated waters.  It  is  sometimes  extremely  tough 
as  well  as  hard,  and  is  difficult  to  mine;  at 
other  times  it  is  very  soft  and  fragile.  A  qual- 
itative analysis  of  a  specimen  of  the  former 
variety,  selected  by  mining  Capt.  Gray  as  the 
hardest  rock  in  the  mine,  proved  it  to  be  essen- 
tially hydrated  silicate  of  magnesia,  with  small 
amounts  of  iron,  chromium,  manganese,  calcium 
and  nickel. 

Associated  with  the  cinnabar  are  found  dolo- 
mitic  crystals  of  pearl  spar,  iron  pyrites,  chlo- 
rite, and,  extremely  seldom,  crystals  of  quartz. 
Another  notable  fact  is  the  occurrence  of  a 
bituminous  substance  resembling  idrialite.  This 
substance  is  wrongly  stated  by  M.  Kuss  in  the 
memoir  above  cited  to  be  a  "veritable  coal." 
It  is  not  a  true  coal.  It  sometimes  has  the  ap- 
pearance of  a  soft  bituminous  coal,  but  when 
heated  melts  and  flows  like  bitumen.  Ordinarily 
it  is  found  in  the  liquid  condition,  and  flows 
from  the  drusal  cavities  in  which  it  is  contained 
when  they  are  opened.  When  strongly  heated 
it  gives  off  highly  inflammable  hydrocarbon  va- 
pors, and  leaves  an  intumescent  coke,  which  is 
very  light  and  fragile  and  burns  with  scarcely 
any  ash.  Sometimes  the  schists  spoken  oi  are 
impregnated  with  a  hydrocarbon  more  like  pe- 
troleum, as  in  the  1500-ft  and  1600-ft  levels  of 
the  Randolph  shaft. 

In  the  part  of  the  mine  near  the  Cora  Blanca 
shaft  is  a  sheet  of  dolomitic  limestone  which 
runs  from  the  top  to  the  bottom  of  the  mine. 
This  lies  immediately  beneath  the  alta  in  most 
cases,  although  some  ore  has  been  found  above 
it.  It  varies  in  thickness  from  one  to  two  feet. 
In  analyzing  this,  among  the  matters  insoluble 
in  hydrochloric  acid  there  were  found  some 
microscopic  crystals  of  iron  pyrites.  In  the 
various  workings  there  seem  to  be  layers  of 
sandstone,  particularly  in  the  Cora  Blanca, 
They  seem  always  to  overlie  the  vein  matter, 
though  in  the  latter  mine  they  are  impregnated 
with  cinnabar.  The  exact  position  and  signifi- 
cance of  these  latter  rocks  I  have  been  as  yet 
unable  to  determine.  It  is  probable,  however, 
that  these  sandstones  are  more  or  less  local  in 
their  origin,  being  the  result  of  slightly  varying 
physical  conditions  which  existed  daring  their 
deposition. 

Native  mercury  occurs  rarely,  chiefly  in  the 
sandstone  of  the  Cora  Blanca  (also  on  the  1500 
and  1600-ft  levels  of  the  Randol  shaft,  where 
it  ran  out  of  the  shattered  alta  upon  opening 
out  the  vein  matter  where  it  was  very  much 
broken  up  by  faulting. ) 

In  many  cases  the  micro  crystals  of  cinnabar 
are  most  intimately  mixed  with  those  of  dolo- 
mite, and  occasionally  with  those  of  quartz. 
The  cinnabar  is  nearly  always  so  thoroughly 
impregnated  with  bitumen  as  to  leave  a  carbon- 
aceous residue  on  distillation. 

Throughout  this  interesting  mine  there  are 
many  evidences  that  chemical  and  mechanical 
action  has  taken  place.  A  strongly  alkaline 
spring  with  free  carbonic  acid  (the  New  Alma- 
den Vichy  spring)  is  still  active  at  the  Hacienda. 
Occasionally  springs  with  sulphydric  as  well  as 
carbonic  acid  are  opened  by  the  drifts.  In  the 
mine  itself  "slickenslides"  (surfaces  polished  as 
smooth  as  glass  by  slipping  on  each  other)  are 
frequently  meet  with,  and  often  large  masses  of 
serpentine  are  broken  off  bodily  and  are  buried 
in  the  superincumbent  mass  of  alta. 

The  ore  is  very  irregularly  distributed 
throughout  the  vein  matter,  frequently  disap- 
pears altogether,  and  reappears  in  such  an  un- 
certain way,  that  despite  the  well  established 
course  of  the  ore  body  or  "vein"  itself,  there  is 
a  great  deal  of  skill  required  to  properly  exploit 
the  mine. 

The  Guadalupe  and  the  now  abandoned  Enri- 
quita  mines  appear  to  belong  to  the  same  forma- 
tion, but  it  would  require  a  thorough  examina- 
tion of  all  of  this  series  of  mines  to  trace  out 
this  and  other  interesting  questions. 


I  have  dwelt  thus  long  upon  some  of  the  geo- 
logical characteristics  of  this  mine,  because  it  is, 
in  many  respects,  typical.  * 

Von  Cotta,  in  his  Erz  Lager  Staette,  Vol.  II., 
p.  616,  gives  the  following  as  the  characteristics 
of  the  principal  cinnabar  mines  of  Rhenish 
Bavaria,  Bohemia,  Alps,  upper  Italy  and  Spain. 

Country  Rocks  —  Sandstone,  clay  schists, 
trachyte,  talcose  mica  slate,  limestone  and 
quartzose  mica  slate. 

Ore  Matter — Cinnabar,  blende,  galena,  fahlore, 
limonite,  amalgam,  copper  pyrites,  iron  pyrites, 
silver  ores,  native  quicksilver,  horn  quicksilver, 
idrialite,  lebererz,  magnetic  iron  pyrites. 

Vein  Filling — Quartz,  hornstone,  heavy  spar, 
calc  spar,  dolomite,  spathic  iron,  gypsum.  + 

Such  a  general  distribution  of  carbonates 
certainly  argues  against  the  sublimation  hy- 
pothesis. With  a  few  exceptions,  these  cinna- 
bar formations  are  not  in  immediate  relation  to 
igneous  rocks,  but  rather  to  metamorphic  rocks; 
In  some  cases  (seven  out  of  sixteen),  the  de- 
posits are  described  as  veins,  the  others  as  in 
clefts  (klufte),  layers,  or  impregnations.  Usually, 
with  the  notable  exception  of  Almaden  in  Spain, 
cinnabar  does  not  seem  to  form  in  true  fissure 
veins,  but  rather  to  be  interspersed  in  the  ore 
body  in  a  very  irregular  manner,  as  is  indicated 
by  the  term  impregnation. 

Second— The  Chemical  Properties  of  Some 
of  the  Salts  of  Mercury. 

The  inquiry  here  becomes  limited  within  very 
narrow  boundaries.  The  soluble  salts  of  mer- 
cury, which  could  exist  in  any  natural  mineral 
waters,  are  very  few.  The.  mercuric  chloride  is, 
at  first  sight,  the  most  probable  one,  the  sul- 
phate not  existing  in  solution  except  in  the 
presence  of  a  free  acid.  Still,  salts  of  mercury 
have  been  proved  to  exist  in  at  least  one  min- 
eral water.  In  the  analysis  of  the  water  of  the 
spring  "  du  Rocher"  {St.  Nectaire-le-haut,  Puy- 
de-Dome,  by  M.  Garrigon,  Comptes  Rendus, 
XXXIV.,  p.  936),  there  is  given  as  a  constitu- 
ent of  the  water,  a  small  amount  of  mercury. 
It  was  very  small ;  the  total  amount  of  all  the 
heavy  metals,  including  mercury,  estimated 
together  was  only  O.OOS  grammes  per  liter. 
But  the  author  states  that  he  obtained  enough 
mercury  from  500  liters  to  exhibit  it  in  the 
metallic  state. 

It  seems  much  more  probable,  however,  that 
the  salt  of  mercury  usually  regarded  as  the 
most  insoluble  is  the  one  in  which  we  are  di- 
rectly interested,  t.  e,,  the  mercuric  sulphide. 
This  salt,  as  is  well  known  to  all  chemists,  while 
insoluble  in  almost  every  thing  else,  in  both  of  its 
modifications,  the  black,  or  amorphous,  and  the 
red,  or  crystalline,  is  soluble  in  solutions  of  the 
alkaline  sulphides,  containing  free  alkali.  This 
fact  is  recognized  both  by  Rose  and  Fresenius, 
but  I  have  been  unable  to  find  any  exact  state- 
ments as  to  its  solubility.  Prof.  V.  Stein,  in 
Dinghies  Polytechnutches  Journal  (Bd.  138,  S. 
390, )  states :  '  *I  find  that  sulphydrate  of  sodium, 
as  well  as  potassium,  dissolves  cinnabar,  even 
in  the  cold,  with  the  same  ease  as  water  dis- 
solves sugar."  This  statement  is,  to  say  the 
least,  a  great  exaggeration.  He  also  states  that 
the  polysulphides  of  the  alkalis  failed  to  dis- 
solve any  noticeable  trace  of  the  sulphide  of 
mercury.  The  most  careful  work  upon  the  sub- 
ject is,  perhaps,  that  of  Dr.  R.  Weber,  Poggen- 
dorfs  Annalen  der  Physik  und  Chemie  {Bd.  97, 
S.  76).  He  finds  that  sulphide  of  potash  dis- 
solves the  sulphide  of  mercury  only  in  the  pres- 
ence of  free  potash  or  soda.  He  states  that  the 
addition  of  carbonic  acid,  sulphydric  acid,  or 
flowers  of  sulphur  precipitates  the  mercury  from 
such  a  solution  completely.  On  the  other  hand, 
it  is  well  known  that  solutions  of  the  alkaline 
polysulphides  slowly  change  amorphous  mer- 
curic sulphide  to  the  crystalline  variety.  This 
would  hardly  be  the  case  unless  partial  solution 
had  taken  place.  It  is  also  a  well-known  fact 
that  the  mercuric  sulphide,  when  it  is  suddenly 
precipitated  from  alkaline  sulphide  solutions, 
either  by  excessive  dilution  or  saturation  with 
carbonic  or  other  acids,  is  not  in  the  form  of 
crystalline  cinnabar,  but  in  that  of  the  black 
amorphous  variety.  And,  finally,  we  have  the 
well-known  fact  that  the  amorphous  sulphide 
volatilizes  (out  of  contact  with  the  air,  below  a 
red  heat,  500°  C,  unchanged,)  and  is  deposited 
as  crystals  of  cinnabar  in  cooling.  On  the  other 
hand,  if  the  vapor  is  rapidly  cooled,  the  deposit 
is  the  amorphous  black  variety. 

Such,  in  brief,  is  the  not  altogether  satisf  astory 
state  of  knowledge  upon  this  subject. 

*For  a  description  of  the  principal  cinnabar  deposits  of 
California,  Bee  Les  Gisements  de  Mcrcurc  de  Califomie, 
par  M.  G.  Rolland,  Annates  des  Mines,  1S7S. 

tFor  a  full  description  of  the  deposit  of  Almaden  in 
Spain,  see  the  article  of  M.  Kuss  above  cited,  p.  10-49,  or 
the  translation  by  the  writer,  p.  6,  etc. 

[Concluded  Next  Week.] 


A  new  use  for  sawdust  is  reported  in  the 
Polytechnic  Review.  It  Bays  that  a  French 
authority  recommends  the  use  of  sawdust  in- 
stead of  hair  in  the  mortar  to  prevent  its  peel- 
ing off.  His  own  house,  exposed  to  prolong 
storms  on  the  sea  coast,  had  patches  of  mortar 
to  be  renewed  every  spring,  and  after  trying 
without  effect  a  number  of  substitutes,  he  found 
sawdust  perfectly  satisfactory.  It  was  thorough- 
ly dried  and  sifted  through  an  ordinary  grain 
sieve  to  remove  the  larger  particles.  The 
mortar  was  made  by  mixing  one  part  cement, 
two  lime,  two  sawdust,  and  five  sharp  sand, 
the  sawdust  being  first  well  mixed  dry  with  the 
cement  and  sand. 


E    fc^QlNEE^. 


Marine-EDgine  Economy. 

One  of  the  most  suggestive  illustrations  that 
can  be  adduced  as  showing  the  advances  made 
within  the  last  40  years  in  marine-engine  econ- 
omy is  derivable  from  an  examination  of  data 
of  recorded  averages  of  Atlantic  steamships; 
and  more  especially  of  those  of  the  Cunard 
paddle-wheel  steamer  Brittannia,  in  1840,  and 
the  White  Star  screw-steamer  Brittannic  in 
1877.  Of  the  first  vessel  the  average  duration 
of  passage  was  14  days  and  8  hours,  and  the 
consumption  of  fuel,  544  tons,  the  daily  con- 
sumption thus  being  38  tons.  Assuming  the 
average  cargo  at  225  tons,  this  gives  48. 35  cwt. 
of  coal  per  ton  of  cargo;  and  the  average  speed 
in  knots  per  hour  being  8.3,  the  consumption 
per  knot  was  3.8  cwt.  The  indicated  horse- 
power was  740,  and  the  consumption  per  horse- 
power, 4.7  cwt.  The  Brittannia  displaced  but 
2,050  tons,  and  this  must  be  taken  into  account 
in  comparing  her  witb  the  Brittannic,  whose 
displacement  is  more  than  four  times  as  great, 
or  8,500  tons.  That  vessel,  in  1877,  showed  an 
average  passage  of  7  days,  10  hours  and  53 
minutes,  an  average  daily  consumption  of  fuel 
of  100  tons,  or  total  consumption  of  745  tons. 
Her  cargo  is  3,350  tons;  consumption  of  fuel 
per  ton  of  cargo,  4.45  cwt;  average  speed,  15.6 
knots;  consumption  per  knot,  5.3  cwt. ;  indicated 
horse-power,  4,920;  consumption  per  horse- 
power, 1.9  cwt.  In  other  words,  we  are  now 
enabled  to  transport  15  times  as  much  freight 
across  the  ocean  in  one-half  the  time  at  an  ex- 
penditure of  less  than  one  and  a  half  times  as 
much  coal  as  in  1840. — The  Engineer. 

The  Telegraph  and  Railroad  in  Japan.— 
The  government  of  Japan  seems  to  be  particu- 
larly distinguishing  itself  in  the  extension  of  ita 
telegraph  system.  There  are  now  no  less  than 
125  telegraph  stations  and  5,000  miles  of  wire 
in  operation;  1,000  miles  more  in  course  of  con- 
struction, and  still  further  extensions  are  con- 
templated. The  telegraph  insulators  made  in  a 
village  called  Imari  in  the  province  of  Hizen  are 
of  such  an  excellent  quality  that  orders  for 
them  have  been  sent  from  Europe.  It  is  the 
first  aim  of  the  government  to  provide  good 
highways  in  all  parts  of  the  empire  before  en- 
tering upon  any  general  system  of  railroad 
building;  but  on  the  26th  of  July,  1876,  a  line 
of  railroad  48  miles  in  length  was  completed  be- 
tween Hiogo  and  Kioto,  and  now  a  line  has 
been  commenced  between  the  latter  place  and 
Ostu,  and  is  expected  to  be  completed  in  three 
years  at  a  cost  of  about  $1,000,000.  The  rail- 
road  between  Hiogo  and  Kioto  is  constructed  of 
the  best  imported  material  and  passes  through 
one  of  the  richest  and  most  beautiful  agricul- 
tural districts  in  Japan.  Seven  trains  leave 
and  arrive  at  Hiogo  daily,  and  the  passenger 
and  freight  traffic  are  constantly  increasing. 
The  iron  bridges  of  this  road,  one  of  which  is 
1,300  feet  in  length,  are  a  credit  to  the  govern- 
ment and  contractors. 


"A  halp-ounce  letter  taken  to  the  sun,"  says 
Proctor,  "would  weigh  four  and  a  half  tons,  if 
the  attraction  of  gravitation  remained  the  same 
as  on  the  earth  in  proportion  to  the  mass." 


Resistance  op  Ships  Due  to  Their  Depth- 
Information  Wanted. — Every  ship  is  probably 
accompanied  by  waves  whose  natural  speed  de- 
pends on  the  vertical  depth  to  which  she  dis- 
turbs the  water  ;  and  consequently  where  the 
speed  of  the  ship  exceeds  that  natural  speed, 
there  is  probably  an  additional  term  of  resist- 
ance depending  on  such  excess.  In  a  paper 
before  the  British  Association,  Prof.  Rankine 
gives  some  observations  that  prove  the  existence 
of  waves  whose  speed  of  advance  depends  on 
the  depth  to  which  the  vessel  disturbs  the  water. 
The  relation  between  those  waves  and  the  re- 
sistance, remains  a  subject  for  future  investiga- 
tion; but  to  facilitate  that  investigation,  he  calls 
for  farther  observations,  such  as  the  measure- 
ment of  the  angles  of  divergence  of  the  wave 
ridges  raised  by  various  vessels  at  different 
speeds,  and  the  determination  of  the  figures  of 
those  ridges — also  the  mean  depth  of  immersion 
as  found  by  dividing  the  volume  of  displace- 
ment by  the  area  of  the  plane  of  flotation,  and 
that  not  only  for  the  whole  ship,  but  for  her 
fore  and  after  bodies  separately. 

A  vert  useful  invention  has  been  devised  by 
a  Mr.  J.  N.  Holmes.  It  consists  of  a  bomb 
which  can  be  fired  at  a  distance  of  miles  from 
the  coast  or  from  a  ship,  and  it  is  so  contrived 
that  it  will  float  upon  the  surface  of  the  water 
and  emit  a  very  powerful  light  for  about  an 
hour.  By  its  use  in  war  the  approach  of  a  hoe- 
tile  fleet  during  the  night  might  be  disclosed, 
and  in  time  of  peace  it  could  be  employed  with 
advantage  in  rescuing  crews  of  vessels  stranded 
in  the  darkness,  or  in  occasionally  warning 
ships  approaching  too  near  a  dangerous  and  low- 
lying  coast. — Nevada  State  Journal, 

One-Idea  Men. — An  exchange  remarks  that 
they  are  seldom  healthy,  wealthy  or  wise— na- 
ture loves  variety ;  to  which  another  answers: 
No  one  is  able  to  do  all  things.  Concentration 
of  thought  and  effort  in  one  direction  are  neces- 
sary to  distinguished  success.  Watt  was  not  a 
jack  at  all  trades  if  he  did  invent  the  steam 
engine. 

Engineers  of  steamships  have  found  that  the 
best  lubricants  are  glycerine  for  the  cylinders, 
and  castor  oil  for  the  bearings.  When  castor 
oil  iB  used,  the  main  bearings  are  seldom  heated. 
Onlv  the  best  glycerine  can  be  employed  with 
advantage,  but  when  it  is  of  a  high  grade  the 
results  leave  little  to  be  desired. 


April  5,  1879.I 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


215 


Models  for  Tenement  Houses.— The  Plumb- 
er  and  Sanitary  Engineer  of  New  York,  con- 
jointly with  four  other  gentlemen,  some  time 
ago  offered  a  premium  of  S500  for  the  four  best 
models  of  a  tenement  house,  to  be  erected  on  a 
lot  '25x100  feet,  enclosed  by  buildings  at  the 
sides  and  in  the  rear,  the  walla  to  be  of  brick 
and  the  doors  of  timber.  One  hundred  and 
eighty  designs  had  been  received  at  the  Leavitt 
Art  rooms.  A  prime  object  is  to  secure  a 
proper  distribution  of  light  and  air  for  poor 
occupants,  at  such  rates  of  rental  as  shall  be 
moderate,  ami  yet  secure  a  profit  on  the  invest- 
ments. These  designs  come  from  the  architects 
of  30  cities.  The  time  for  a  decision  between 
the  competitors  has  not  yet  been  announced. 

American  Bridge  Building.— In  a  late  ad- 
dress upon  the  public  works  of  the  I  nuv.i 
States,  M.  Malezieux,  of  Paris,  complimented 
the  American  engineers  upon  their  skill  in 
building  bridges  of  large  Bpan,  and  says  that  all 
other  nations  may  borrow  many  useful  hints 
from  them  in  regard  to  the  use  of  compressed 
air  in  laying  foundations. 

On  an  English  railway  recently,  on  the  occa- 
sion of  a  trial  of  the  Westinghouse  brake,  a 
atop  was  made  in  a  distance  of  oil  feet,  with 
the  train  (passenger)  going  at  a  speed  of  GO  miles 
an  hour.  This  remarkable  feat  was  accomplished 
by  the  use  of  a  special  brake  valve  which  kept 
the  pressure  on  the  wheels  just  below  the  slid- 
ing point. 

Form  op  Projectile  for  Penetrating  Wa- 
ter.— Careful  experiments  have  clearly  proven 
that  tlat-ended  projectiles  penetrated  both  wa- 
ter and  armor,  at  an  angle,  better  than  the 
hemispherical  or  the  gothic  end. 


Standard  Measures. 

The  standard  yard,  now  in  use  in  the  United 
States,  was  taken  from  the  English  standard 
yard;  but  it  was  subsequently  shown  that  this 
standard,  as  deposited  in  the  office  of  weights 
and  measures  at  Washington,  was  incorrectly 
taken  off— it  being  0.00005503  longer  than  the 
Knglish  imperial  standard  yard.  This  differ- 
ence was  no  doubt  due  to  incorrectness  of  the 
divisions  on  the  original  scale,  or  derived  from 
insufficiently  delicate  appliances  for  reading  off 
the  measure  from  the  English  standard. 

It  cannot  be  expected  that  the  divisions  on 
the  English  scale  could  be  very  correct,  from 
want  of  knowledge  in  those  days  to  make  a  cor- 
rect screw,  which  is  yet  a  difficult  problem, 
even  with  oar  advanced  knowledge  of  mechanic 
arts.  But  as  it  was  originally  intended  to  have 
the  English  and  American  standards  of  length 
alike,  we  ought  not  to  acknowledge  any  differ- 
ence. 

The  Smithsonian  Institution  published  tables 
in  1859,  comparing  the  length  of  the  English 
and  American  foot  measures,  which  makes  the 
American  yard  2-1000th  parts  of  an  inch  longer 
than  the  Imperial  standard  yard,  or  a  difference 
of  four  inches  per  mile.  The  United  States 
Coast  Survey  are  now  using  a  corrected  Ameri- 
can standard  yard,  the  same  length  as  the  Im- 
perial standard  yard. 

A  Strange  People. — Dr.  Siegfried  read  an 
interesting  paper  at  a  late  meeting  of  the  Phil- 
adelphia Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  giving 
some  account  of  an  almost  unknown  and  very 
strange  people  residing  on  the  island  of  Bote] 
Tobago,  situated  in  the  seas  to  the  southward 
of  the  Indian  ocean.  This  paper  was  founded 
on  the  report  of  a  party  of  U.  S.  Naval  officers, 
which  recently  visited  those  islands.  The 
party  was  surveying  a  rock  east  of  the  South 
Cape  of  Formosa,  and  called  at  this  island. 
They  found  a  curious  race  of  Malay  stock. 
These  aborigines  did  not  know  what  money  was 
good  for.  Nor  did  they  ever  use  tobacco  or 
rum.  They  gave  the  officers  goats  and  pigs  for 
tin  pots  and  brass  buttons,  and  hung  around 
the  vessel  all  day  in  their  canoes  waiting  for  a 
chance  to  dive  for  something  which  might  be 
thrown  overboard.  They  wore  clouts  only,  ate 
taro  and  yams,  and  had  axes,  spears  and  knives 
made  of  common  iron.  Their  canoes  were  made 
without  nails,  and  were  ornamented  with  geo- 
metrical lines.  They  wore  the  beards  of  goats 
and  small  shells  as  ornaments. 

How  to  Succeed  as  a  Mechanic. — Every 
mechanic  should  study  to  be  progressive.  He 
should  study  to  make  every  new  piece  of  work 
a  little  better,  in  some  way,  than  the  last  similar 
work  which  he  has  turned,  out.  An  eminent 
French  coachmaker  says  :  "I  never  build  two 
carriages  exactly  alike,  not  because  I  do  not 
build  each  one  as  well  as  I  know  how,  but  in 
building  that  I  learn  how  to  make  the  next  one 
better.  When  I  placed  these  carriages  of  mine 
in  the  exposition  building,  I  thought  them  per- 
fect, but  now  that  I  have  spent  three  months 
looking  over  the  carriages  of  other  builders,  I 
see  that  they  are  not  so.'1  Here  is  an  illustra- 
tion of  the  value  of  close  observation  and  study. 

A  New  Device  for  Cleaning  Ships'  Bot- 
toms.— Experiments  have  been  made  in  England 
with  the  Archimedean  revolving  brushes  for 
cleaning  the  bottoms  of  iron  ships.  It  is  self- 
acting,  being  worked  by  a  revolving  screw,  the 
revolutions  of  which  are  regulated  by  the  speed 
of  the  vessel.  The  brushes  are  made  right  and 
left,  so  as  to  strike  the  vessel  with  the  current, 
and  cleaning  away  all  grass  and  slime  without 
injuring  the  paint.  It  is  the  opinion  of  nautical 
men  that  during  a  voyage,  were  the  machine  to 
be  used  at  intervals,  the  bottom  of  the  vessel 
would  be  kept  perfectly  clean,  and  much  time 
would  be  saved  on  the  ship's  passage. 


(JsEfdL     l^fOr^^TION. 


The  Mysteries  of  a  Lump  of  Coal. 

For  years  no  one  supposed  that  a  lump  of 
soft  coal,  dug  from  its  mine  or  bed  in  the  earth 
possessed  any  other  purpose  than  that  of  fuel. 
It  was  next  found  that  it  would  afford  a  gas 
which  was  combustible.  Chemical  analysis 
proved  it  to  be  made  of  hydrogen.  In  process 
of  tune  mechanical  and  chemical  ingenuity  do- 
vised  a  mode  of  manufacturing  this  gas,  and 
applying  it  to  the  lighting  of  buildings  and  cities 
on  a  large  scale.  In  doing  this,  other  p 
of  distillation  were  developed,  until  step  by 
.step,  the  following  ingredients  are  extracted 
from  it: 

1.  An  excellent  oil  to  supply  lighthouses, 
equal  to  the  best  sperm  oil,  at  lower  cost. 

%  Benzole— a  light  sort  of  ethereal  fluid, 
which  evaporates  easily,  ami,  combined  with 
vapor  or  moist  air,  is  used  for  the  purpose  of 
portable  gas  lamps,  so-called. 

3.  Naptha— a  heavy  lluid,  useful  to  dissolve 
gutta-percha,  India  rubber,  etc. 

4.  An  excellent  oil  for  lubricating  purposes. 

5.  Asphaltum,  which  is  a  black,  solid  sub- 
stance, used  in  making  varnishes,  covering  roofs, 
and  covering  over  vaults. 

u\  Paratline — a  white  crystalline  substance, 
resembling  white  wax,  which  can  be  made  into 
beautiful  wax  candles;  it  melts  at  a  tempera 
ture  of  110°,  and  affords  an  excellent  light. 
All  these  substances  are  now  made  from  soft 
coal. 

New  Mode  of  Manufacturing  White  Lead. 
A  German  paper  gives  a  new  process  of  mak- 
ing white  lead,  which  is  described  as  follows: 
The  molten  lead  is  poured  through  an  iron  sieve 
into  a  tank  filled  with  water.  Hereby  it  is 
converted  into  threads  of  one-sixth  of  an  inch 
in  thickness,  which  are  now  placed  in  vats,  each 
of  which  holds  about  1,000  threads.  Vinegar 
is  now  poured  over  the  lead,  and  immediately 
drawn  off  again.  Under  the  influence  of  the 
air  and  the  vinegar  adhering  to  the  metal,  the 
latter  is  oxidized.  The  vinegar  is  now  poured 
into  the  vat  and  again  drawn  off,  when  it  car 
ries  away  the  acetate  formed  on  the  surface  of 
the  metal  in  solution.  After  this  process  has 
been  repeated  a  number  of  times,  the  vinegar 
has  been  transformed  into  a  concentrated  solu- 
tion of  basic  acetate  of  lead,  from  which  the 
carbonate  may  be  prepared  by  the  introduction 
of  a  current  of  heated  carbonic  acid  gas.  The 
supernatant  liquid  is — mixed  with  another  quan- 
tity of  vinegar — used  again  for  the  same  process. 

Bronzing  Wood,  Leather,  Paper,  Etc. — 
The  Moniteur  Indastriel,  of  Paris,  describes  a 
process  for  bronzing  wood,  leather,  paper,  etc., 
as  follows:  The  inventor  dissolves  gum  lac  in 
four  parts  by  volume  of  pure  alcohol,  and  then 
adds  bronze  or  any  other  metal  powder  in  the 
proportion  of  one  part  to  three  parts  of  the 
solution.  The  surface  to  be  covered  must  be 
very  smooth.  In  the  case  of  wood,  one  or  sev- 
eral coats  of  Meudon  or  Spanish  white  are  given, 
and  the  object  is  polished  with  an  iron  of  proper 
shape.  The  mixture  is  painted  on,  and  when  a 
sufficient  number  of  coats  have  been  given,  the 
object  is  well  rubbed.  A  special  advantage  of 
this  process  is  that  the  coating  obtained  is  not 
dull,  but  can  be  burnished.  A  transparent  var- 
nish is  applied  to  preserve  the  metallic  appear- 
ance thus  obtained. 


How  to  Make  Court-Plaster. — Soak  isin- 
glass in  a  little  warm  water  for  74  hours,  then 
evaporate  nearly  all  the  water  by  gentle  heat, 
dissolve  the  residue  in  a  little  proof  spirits  of 
wine,  and  strain  the  whole  through  a  piece  of 
open  linen.  The  strained  mass  should  be  a 
stiff  jelly  when  cool.  Now  stretch  a  piece  of 
silk  or  saraanet  on  a  wooden  frame,  and  fix  it 
tight  with  tacks  or  packthread.  Melt  the  jelly, 
and  apply  it  to  the  silk  thinly  and  evenly,  with 
a  badger  hair  brush.  A  second  coating  must 
be  applied  when  the  first  has  dried.  When 
both  are  dry,  apply  over  the  whole  surface  two 
or  three  coatings  of  balsam  of  Peru.  Plaster 
thus  made  is  said  to  be  very  pliable  and  never 
breaks. 


Costliness  of  Food. — Thousands  of  persons, 
we  might  say  hundreds  of  thousands,  in  our 
great  republic,  begin  life  poor,  live  poor  during 
life,  and  die  poor  because  of  the  exceeding  cost- 
liness of  the  foods  they  eat.  Think  of  our  eat- 
ing butter  at  35  cents  a  pound,  when  one  can 
buy  Indian  corn  at  60  cents  a  bushel.  One 
bushel  of  hickory  nuts  has  more  oil  in  it  than 
five  pounds  of  butter.  One  bushel  of  Indian 
corn  has  more  nutriment  in  it  than  $2  worth  of 
the  best  beefsteak  you  can  find.  One  bushel  of 
real  graham  flour  has  more  nutriment  in  it  than 
a  barrel  of  superfine  flour  and  50  pounds  of 
beefsteak.  We  spend  ever  so  much  to  live  when 
it  need  cost  us  but  little,  and  our  health  will  be 
all  the  better. — Exchange. 

A  hand  coal-cutting  machine  has  been  intro- 
duced into  some  of  the  Pennsylvania  coal  mines, 
which,  it  is  said,  will  cut  seven  yards  face,  to 
the  depth  of  three  feet,  and  making  a  cut  only 
four  inches  wide,  in  one  hour.  It  weighs  240 
pounds.  Can  be  used  for  heading,  breast  or 
shear.  Requires  no  track  ;  easily  handled  by 
one  man,  and  does  the  work  of  ten.  The  re- 
duced amount  of  slack  as  against  pick  is  enough 
to  commend  it  to  every  bituminous  coal  operator. 
It  can  be  seen  in  operation  at  the  Morris  Run 
mines,  where  five  machines  are  now  at  work. 


Safe  and  Convenient  Method  of  Testing 
Dynamite.— The  Chemiier  Zatutig  contains  a 
description  of  a  method  of  testing  dynamite. 
The  percentage  of  nitroglycerine  is  determined 
by  extracting  it  with  ether,  which  dissolves  it, 
but  leaves  the  infusorial  earth  unchanged.  The 
difference  in  weight  of  the  dynamite  and  of  the 
infusorial  residue,  directly  yields  the  percentage 
of  nitro-glycerine.  In  order  to  ascertain  whether 
the  dynamite  contaius  any  other  bodies  soluble 
in  ether,  the  ether  extract  is  diluted  with 
water,  which  precipitates  any  foreign  substances 
present. 

How  Gaslight  E3  Lost.— Computations  of 
the  loss  of  light  by  shades  of  different  kinds 
have  been  brought  together  by  Prof.  Chandler, 
and  are  presented  in  a  pamphlet  entitled  "How 
to  Burn  Gas,"  The  lowest  absorption  of  ground 
glass  is  nearly  30 %\  there  is  only  one  specimen 
at  this  low  figure,  other  shades  of  that  kind 
absorbing  more  than  82%.  Opal  glass  causes  a 
loss  of  53%  to  5(j%;  green,  purple  and  ruby 
glass,  82%  to  89%;  and  a  porcelain  transparency, 
over  974%. 

Purity  of  Milk.— It  is  stated  in  a  German 
paper  that  the  purity  of  milk  may  be  tested  by 
the  following  very  simple  method:  A  well- 
polished  knitting-needle  is  dipped  into  a  deep 
vessel  of  milk  and  immediately  withdrawn  in 
an  upright  position  ;  when,  if  the  sample  be 
pure,  some  of  the  fluid  will  be  found  to  adhere 
to  it,  while  such  is  not  the  case,  if  water  has 
been  added  to  the  milk,  even  in  the  smallest 
proportions. 

Cement  for  Cast  Iron. — Five  parts  of  sul- 
phur, two  parts  of  graphite,  and  two  parts  of 
fine  iron  filings,  are  melted  together,  taking 
care  that  the  sulphur  does  not  catch  fire.  The 
parts,  previously  warmed,  are  covered  with  the 
cement,  reduced  to  a  pasty  consistence  on  a  tire, 
and  firmly  pressed  together.  This  cement,  it 
is  said,  is  very  well  adapted  to  fill  out  leaks  in 
cast  iron  vessels. 


QqQO     i-JE^LjEf. 


Olive  Leaves  as  a  Panacea. 

The  olive  leaf  or  branch,  old  as  the  ark, 
woven  into  many  of  the  sweetest  tales  of  Pal- 
estine, descending  at  last  the  current  ages  until 
it  becomes  at  length  a  sign  of  victory  in  the 
practical  conquest  of  the  earth  by  the  agricul- 
turist of  California,  has  certainly  glory  enough 
for  one  plant.  But  it  has  other  points  of  promise 
which  our  olive  growers  will  be  interested  to 
know.  We  read  in  the  London  Farmer  that 
the  medicinal  properties  of  the  olive  and  its 
leaves  are  just  now  attracting  considerable  at- 
tention in  Italy,  and  numerous  notices  of  the 
employment  of  the  plant  for  such  purposes  both 
in  past  and  present  times  are  going  the  rounds 
of  the  press.  In  the  rural  districts  of  Soain,  it 
appears,  the  powdered  leaf  is  very  generally 
employed  by  medical  men  in  cases  of  epidemic 
intermittent  fevers.  During  the  wars  of  Napo- 
leon in  that  country,  the  French  army  surgeons, 
unable  to  obtain  access  to  other  medicines, 
made  use  of  concoctions  and  extracts  of  olive 
leaves,  in  fevers  and  several  other  diseases,  with 
encouraging  success.  The  febrifuge  properties 
of  the  leaf  were  proved  by  M.  Faure,  at  the 
Strasburg  School  of  Medicine,  in  1814,  and  sub- 
sequently by  M.  Beguin,  the  military  surgeon. 
Id  the  Provence,  astringent  gargles,  prepared 
from  the  leaves,  are  much  used  in  relaxed  and 
sore  throats  and  similar  complaints.  The  Arabs 
still  pin  their  faith  on  a  prescription  given  to 
them  by  the  prophet,  the  observance  of  which 
is  guaranteed  to  cure  almost  every  disease.  A 
hundred  leaves  of  the  olive  are  to  be  wrapped 
in  a  piece  of  cloth  and  applied  to  the  forehead, 
and  the  fever  or  other  disease  will  at  once  be 
subdued. 

We  should  be  slow  to  give  the  leaves  the  full 
force  attached  to  them  by  the  Arabs,  but  a  little 
experimenting  in  the  line  followed  in  Spain  and 
Provence  would  not  be  amiss. 


A  Warning  to  Plumbers  and  their  Pa- 
trons. 

Diphtheria,  scarlet  fever  and  pneumonia  have 
been  particularly  active  in  certain  parts  of 
New  York  and  Brooklyn  during  the  past  year, 
and  the  cause  is  criminal  carelessness,  official 
stupidity,  and  extraordinary  recklessness  on 
the  part  of  property  owners,  and  of  builders 
and  plumbers.  Although  the  life  of  a  person 
in  ordinary  circumstances  is  of  as  much  value 
as  the  life  of  a  millionaire,  it  is  quite  natural 
that  the  latter,  dying  in  a  costly  mansion  where 
money  has  been  lavished  on  devices  for  protec- 
tion and  comfort,  should  attract  the  greater  at- 
tention, especially  if  it  were  a  reasonable  infer- 
ence that  sewer-gas  was  in  any  degree  a  predis- 
posing cause.  Fortunately  the  death  of  the 
late  Mr.  Rockwell, -in  Brooklyn,  was  brought  to 
notice  of  the  authorities,  and  the  result  of  an 
official  investigation  is  most  surprising. 

When  Mr.  Rockwell's  family  began  to  die, 
and  one  after  the  other  was  carried  to  Green- 
wood, public  attention  was  attracted  to  the 
several  possible  causes  of  this  extraordinary 
fatality,  but  no  one  dreamed  that  the  death- 
trap was  the  trap  in  the  millionaire's  costly  but 
worse  than  useless  plumbing. 

The  Sanitary  Superintendent  of  Brooklyn 
examined  the  pipes  and  general  plumbing,  as- 
sisted by  an  expert.  Among  other  things  they 
found  that  some  of  the  main  lines  of  soil-pipe 


that  are  continued  to  the  roof  do  double  duty 

carrying  off  the  sewer-gas  and  acting  as  rain 
leaders.  One  of  the  pipes  receives  the  water 
from  1,200  square  feet,  and  during  heavy  rains 
is  so  tilled  with  water  as  to  empty  every  trap 
connected  with  it.  The  water  closet  in  the 
bath  room  was  found  attached  to  this  pipe,  and 
its  trap  was  so  nearly  emptied  of  water  that  it 
offered  no  obstruction  to  the  entrance  of  sewer 
gas.  Mr.  Rockwell  had  wash  basins  in  his 
sleeping  rooms  and  nursery,  but  the  traps  do 
not  hold  water,  so  of  course  the  gas  had  no 
difficulty  in  gaining  entrance.  In  fact,  if  the 
builder  had  desired  to  turn  his  house  into  a 
hospital  and  furnish  his  own  patients,  he  could 
not  have  devised  a  better  system  of  defective 
plumbing. 

A  Theory  in  Regard  Food. 

The  Pa//  Mall  Gazette  says:  "A  German 
physician  has  started  a  new  theory  with  regard 
to  food.  He  maintains  that  both  the  vegeta- 
rians and  meat-eaters  are  on  the  wroDg  track. 
Vegetables  are  not  more  wholesome  than  meat, 
or  meat  than  vegetables,  and  nothing  is  gained 
consuming  a  compound  of  both.  Whatever 
nutritive  qualities  they  may  possess,  he  says 
are  destroyed  in  great  measure,  and  often  en- 
tirely by  the  process  of  cooking.  All  food  should 
be  eaten  raw.  If  this  practice  were  adopted, 
there  would  be  little  or  no  illness  among  human 
beings.  They  would  live  their  apportioned  time 
and  simply  fade  away,  like  animals  in  a  wild 
state,  from  old  age.  Let  those  afflicted  with 
gout,  rheumatism  and  indigestion,  try  for  a 
time  the  effect  of  a  simple  uncooked  diet,  such 
as  oysters  and  fruit  for  instance,  and  they  will 
find  all  medicines  unnecessary,  and  such  a  rapid 
improvement  of  their  health,  that  they  will  for- 
swear all  cooked  articles  of  food  at  once  and 
forever.  Intemperance  would  also,  it  is  urged, 
no  longer  be  the  curse  of  civilized  communities. 
The  yearning  for  drink  is  caused  by  the  unnat- 
ural abstraction  from  what  are  termed  'solids' 
of  the  aqueous  element  they  contain — uncooked 
beef,  for  example,  containing  from  70%  to  80%, 
and  Some  vegetables  even  a  larger  proportion  of 
water.  There  would  be  less  thirst,  and  conse- 
quently less  desire  to  drink,  if  our  food  were 
consumed  jn  its  natural  state,  without  first  be- 
ing subjected  to  the  action  of  fire.  Clothing, 
our  adviser  also  thinks,  is  a  mistake,  but  he 
admits  that  the  world  is  not  yet  far  enough  ad- 
vanced in  civilization  to  go  about  undressed. 
Whatever  differences  of  opinion  may  exist  as  to 
this  anti-cooking  theory,  there  cannot  be  a 
doubt  that  in  getting  rid  of  the  kitchen  with  all 
its  abuses,  including  the  cook,  housekeepers 
would  be  spared  a  vast  amount  of  worry,  and 
probably  on  this  account  alone  would  live  to  a 
greater  age  than  at  present. " 

How  a  Sedentary  Life  Affects  Women. — 
The  Popular  Science  Monthly  remarks  that 
many  of  the  ills  and  diseases  prevalent  among 
women  in  our  days  are  no  doubt  traceable  to 
the  sedentary  mode  of  life  so  common  among 
them.  The  progress  of  industrial  art  has  done 
away  with  much  of  the  household  drudgery  to 
which  women  were  formerly  subjected,  and  the 
result  is  in  too  many  cases  want  of  sufficient  oc- 
cupation for  needed  bodily  exercise.  It  says  : 
The  fruits  of  this  state  of  things  are  strikingly 
exhibited  in  certain  observations  made  by  the 
late  Dr.  Robertson,  a  Manchester  surgeon,  who, 
in  his  practice  as  a  specialist  for  women's  dis- 
eases, fouud  that  in  women  who  themselves 
perform  all  their  household  work  there  was  no 
trace  of  certain  complaints,  that  these  com- 
plaints begin  to  make  their  appearance 
in  women  with  one  servant,  become  more 
pronounced  in  women  who  have  two  servants, 
or  worse  still  in  those  who  have  three  servants, 
and  so  on.  He  showed  statistically  that  the 
deaths  from  child-birth  were  four  times  greater 
in  the  cases  of  women  with  four  servants  than 
those  with  none.  On  the  other  hand  we  ob- 
served a  statement  the  other  day  that  since  the 
suspension  of  labor  in  the  mills  of  New  En- 
gland on  account  of  the  panic,  many  of  the  fe- 
male operatives  have  sought  employment  as 
domestics,,  and  as  a  consequence  there  is  much 
more  sickness  among  them  than  there  was  pre- 
viously. This  would  seem  to  show  that  house- 
work is  not  as  healthy  as  labor  in  cotton  or 
woolen  mills. — Troy  Times. 

Are  Fat  People  Healthy.— Why  are  fat 
people  always  complaining?  asks  some  one  who 
entertains  the  popular  though  erroneous  notion 
that  health  is  synonymous  with  fat.  Fat 
people  complain  because  they  are  diseased. 
Obesity  is  an  abnormal  condition  of  the  system, 
in  which  the  saccharine  and  oleaginous  elements 
of  the  food  are  assimilated  to  the  partial  exclu- 
sion of  the  muscle -forming  and  brain-producing 
elements.  In  proof  of  this,  it  is  only,  necessary 
to  assert  the  well-known  fact  that  excessively 
fat  people  are  never  strong,  and  seldom  distin- 
guished for  mental  powers  or  activity.  Besides 
they  are  the,  easy  prey  of  acute  and  epidemic 
diseases,  and  they  are  the  frequent  victims  of 
gout,  heart  disease  and  apoplexy. 

Milk  as  a  Soporific. —  According  to  the 
Pharmacist,  it  is  a  frequent  practice  in  the  New 
York  Asylum  for  Inebriates  to  administer  to 
the  patients  at  bed-time  a  glass  of  milk,  to  pro- 
duce sleep,  and  the  result  is  often  found  satis- 
factory without  the  use  of  medicine.  Medicine 
is  there  sometimes  prescribed  in  milk.  It  has 
been  recently  stated  in  medical  journals  that 
lactic  acid  has  the  effect  of  promoting  sleep  by 
acting  as  a  Bedative,  and  this  acid  may  be  pro- 
duced in  the  alimentary  canal  after  the  inges- 
tion of  milk. 


216 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[April  5,  1879. 


W.  B.  EWER Senior  Editor, 


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SAN   FRANCISCO: 
Saturday  Morning,  April  5, 1879. 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 

EDITORIALS.— The  Roys  and  Liliendahl  Whaling- 
Roeket;  International  Meteorology,  209.  The  Week; 
The  Future  of  our  Manufacturing  Industries;  Caution 
and  Encouragement  to  Eastern  Mine  Investors,  216. 
"Lone  Peaks,"  in  Arizona;  A  Hand  Power  Quartz 
Mill.  217. 

ILLUSTRATIONS. -The  Roys  and  Liliendahl  Whal- 
ing- Rocket,  209.  "Lone  Peaks,"  on  the  Road  from 
Ehrenburg;  to  Preseott,  Arizona;  Hand  or  Powei;  Pros- 
pecting Quartz  Mill,  217- 

CORRHJSPONDBNGB.— Notes  from  Virginia  City; 
Mining  Notes  from  Siskivou  County,  210. 

MECHANICAL  PROGRESS— Two  Great  Fairs; 
A  Gigantic  Ocean  Steamer;  New  Light  on  Steel  Mak- 
ing 211. 

SCIENTIFIC  PROGRESS. —Progress  of  Electric 
Lighting;  Africa  Ajain  Crossed;  A  New  Light;  A  New 
Phenomenon  in  Statical  Electricity;  A  New  Phono- 
graph; A  Telegraphic  Writing  Machine,  211. 

MINING  STOCK  MARKET.— Sales  at  the  Sau 
Francisco,  California  and  Pacific  Stock  Boards.  Notices 
of  Assessments,  Meetings  and  Dividends,  212. 

THE  ENGINEER.— Marine-Engine  Economy;  The 
Telegraph  and  Railroad  in  Japan;  Resistance  of  Ships 
Due  to  their  Depth,  214  Models  for  Tenement 
Houses;  American  Bridge  Building;  Form  of  Projectile 
for  Penetrating  Water,  215- 

USEFUL  INFORMATION-— The  Mysteries  of  a 
Lump  of  Coal;  New  Mode  of  Manufacturing  White  Lead; 
Bronzing  Wood,  Leather,  Paper,  Etc.;  How  to  Make 
Court-Plaster;  Costliness  of  Food;  Safe  and  Convenient 
Method  of  Testing  Dynamite;  How  Gaslight  is  Lost; 
Purity  of  Milk;  Cement  for  Cast  Iron,  215. 

GOOD.  HEALTH.— Olive  Leaves  as  a  Panacea;  A 
Warning  to  Plumbers  and  Their  Patrons;  A  Iheory  in 
Regard  to  Food;  How  a  Sedentary  Life  Affects  Women; 
Are  Fat  People  healthy  ?  Milk  as  a  Soporific,  215. 

MISCELLANEOUS— Renewal  of  Files  by  the  Sand- 
Blast;  Modified  Form  of  Locomotive  Boiler;  Heat  on 
Wrought  Iron  and  Steel;  Forest  Preservation  on  the 
Pacific  Coast;  Telegraphing  to  Running  Trains,  210. 
The  Genesis  of  Cinnabar  Deposits. — No.  1,  214.  Stand 
ard  Measures;  A  Strange  People;  How  to  Succeed  as  a 
Mechanic;  A  New  Device  for  Cleaning  Ships'  Bottoms, 
215- 

MINING  SUMMARY  from  the  various  counties  of 
California,  Nevada,  Arizona,  Colorado  and  Montana, 
213-20. 

NEWS  IN  BRIEF  on  page  220] and  other  pages. 

Business   Announcements. 

Stevenot's  Fine  Gold  Amalgamator,  E.  K.  Stevenot,  S.  F. 
Patent  Life-Saving  Respirator,  Seth  Marshall,  Jr. ,  S.  F. 


The  Week. 

Small  tidings  of  important  developments  in 
the  mining  regions  or  decisive  fluctuations  in 
the  stock  market,  have  reached  us  during  the 
past  week.  Of  the  latter  we  remark  that  it 
seems  thoroughly  demoralized.  Times  may 
have  been  duller  and  prices  lower  with  it,  but 
seldom,  if  ever,  has  it  been  in  as  thoroughly  stag- 
nant a  condition  as  now.  The  Sutro  Tunnel 
compromise  seems  to  have  finally  come  to  a 
definite  settlement,  with  no  likelihood  of  further 
trouble  concerning  its  provisions.  Mention  of 
it  will  be  found  in  another  column.  Testimony 
is  still  being  taken  by  the  referee  of  the  Alta- 
Justice  case,  concerning  the  conduct  of  the 
latter's  officers.  In  spite  of  the  abundance  of 
water  and  other  cheering  prospects,  the  im- 
mediate outlook  among  the  placer  interests  of 
Bome  sections,  is  not  a  bright  one.  The  injunc- 
tion granted  in  the  "mining  debris"  case  expires 
on  the  9th,  and  then  all  the  placer  mines  on  or 
around  Bear  river  will  be  obliged  to  suspend 
work  till  the  case  is  finally  settled  by  the  Su- 
preme Court ;  and  this  discussion,  together 
with  certain  apparently  objectionable  clauses  in 
the  new  constitution,  have  been  the  grounds  for 
the  late  shutting  down  of  the  Watt  Blue  Gravel 
and  other  placer  claims  in  Nevada  county. 
These  stoppages  have  thrown  a  number  of  men 
out  of  employment  and  given  discouragement 
to  further  prospecting  in  that  part  of  the 
country.  It  is  understood  that  the  Chollar  is 
soon  to  be  divided  into  two  mines,  the  Chollar 
and  the  Potosi,  each  to  be  represented  by  112,- 
000  shares,  or  eight  of  the  new  to  one  of  the 
old.  In  other  States  the  mining  interests  look 
extremely  favorable,  but  from  all  the  cry  is 
heard  for  more  capital  with  which  to  develop 
and  extend  the  mines. 


The  Future  of  our  Manufacturing  In- 
dustries. 

The  condition  of  the  English  manufacturing 
classes  is  at  the  present  time  altogether  wof ul ; 
it  is  even  desperate.  For  a  while,  these  poor 
people,  though  unemployed,  managed  to  subsist 
on  the  little  savings  of  more  prosperous  times 
and  the  funds  of  their  semi-charitable  associa- 
tions. But  these  resources  are  exhausted,  and, 
what  is  worse,  the  prospect  for  any  early  or  even 
ultimate  improvement  in  their  condition  seems 
hopeless.  The'  markets  of  the  world,  which 
England  for  so  many  years  monopolized,  are 
being  closed  to  the  products  of  her  great  work- 
shops, her  mills  and  her  factories.  She  has,  for 
some  time  past,  been  making  more  of  these 
commodities  than  she  could  sell ;  they  have  ac- 
cumulated on  her  hands,  filling  her  vast  ware- 
houses with  unsalable  stocks  and  converting 
millions  of  invested  money  into  dead  capital. 
And  the  idle  operatives  on  her  hands  too.  But 
they,  though  dying,  are  not  yet  dead.  It  would 
be  better,  perhaps,  if  they  were.  But  it  is  a  slow 
process,  this  of  starving  men  to  death.  The 
vitality  of  the  half  pauperized  is  wonderful.  It 
surpasses  that  of  the  self-sustaining  and  even 
the  well-to-do.  A  merely  animalized  man  is  apt 
to  live  long ;  and  so  they  survive  their  wants, 
these  compact,  unwieldy  masses,  abject  and 
hopeless,  wallowing  in  misery  and  sodden  with 
filth. 

The  spectacle  of  these  vast  populations  re- 
duced to  such  deplorable  straights  were  enough 
to  almost  make  one  wish  that  no  manufacturing 
pursuit  would  ever  gain  a  foothold  on  Ameri- 
can soil.  And  if  these  industries  could  be  es- 
tablished only  through  such  debasement  and 
suffering  it  would  indeed  be  well  if  the  country 
could  he  kept  wholly  free  from  them.  But 
such  is  not  the  case.  We  shall  become  a  great 
manufacturing  nation  .without  brutalizing  our 
operatives  or  starving  them  to  death.  We  en- 
joy many  natural  advantages  for  the  successful 
prosecution  of  these  varied  industries  which 
England  and  most  other  countries  do  not.  We 
possess  or  grow  the  raw  material  to  a  much 
greater  extent  than  she  does  or  can  ever  hope  to 
do.  In  our  numerous  swift-flowing  streams  we 
have  a  cheap  and  widely  dissemiuated  propul- 
sive power  that  she  is  without.  Our  iron  and 
coal,  and  our  other  metals  and  minerals,  as  well 
also  as  our  forests,  our  sheep  lands  and  cotton 
fields,  like  our  water-power,  are  illimitable  and 
widely  distributed,  making  it  possible  and 
altogether  economical  for  us  to  scatter  our 
manufacturing  establishments  aU  over  tho  land; 
thereby  avoiding  what  has  proved  the  greatest 
curse  to  the  English  and  entire  European  sys- 
tem— the  concentration  of  many  pursuits  and 
consequently  of  many  people  at  one  point. 
Under  this  system  our  mills  and  factories  will 
be  more  or  less  isolated,  and  the  growing  up  of 
great,  gloomy,  pestilential  cities  be  avoided. 
A  few  large  manufacturing  towns  will  no  doubt 
come  into  existence,  where,  as  at  Pittsburg  and 
some  other  points,  extensive  deposits  of  iron 
and  coal  occur  in  conjunction.  But  we  will 
hardly  have  any  such  overgrown  cities  as  Leeds, 
Birmingham  or  Sheffield  on  this  continent.  In- 
stead of  these  great  smoke-begrimmed  towns, 
with  their  slums  and  fcetid  atmosphere,  we  will 
have  numerous  cleanly  and  well-lighted  villages; 
substituting  homesteads  with  their  cottages 
and  gardens  for  the  great  tenement  houses  and 
squallid  quarters  so  common  in  those  cities  of 
the  old  world  with  their  vast  aggregations  of 
people. 

Even  here  in  California  we  may  hope  to  see 
great  manufactures  spring  upland  flourish  at  an 
early  day.  No  country  more  invites  the  estab- 
lishment of  a  system  of  diversified  industries 
than  this.  Our  wool  product  is  already  large, 
and  we  shall  soon  be  growing  cotton,  and,  per- 
haps, also  flax,  silk  and  other  textile  fibers,  at 
a  rate  that  will  lead  to  the  building  of  mills  for 
spinning  and  weaving  these  staples  into  fabrics 
on  a  very  extensive  scale.  In  the  foothills  of 
the  Sierra  we  have  water  power  ample  for  driv- 
ing all  the  machinery  in  the  New  England 
States.  And  the  rivers  and  creeks  that  afford 
this  power  are  not  confined  to  a  narrow  space. 
They  extend  over  a  stretch  of  country  more 
than  500  miles  long.  These  streams,  which 
furnish  hundreds  of  eligible  and  easily  accessi- 
ble mill  sites,  traverse  what  must  become  the 
great  cotton  fields  of  the  future.  Short  branches 
over  easy  grades  would  connect  these  mill 
sites  with  the  railroads  that  now  traverse  the 
State  almost  from  one  end  to  the  other  along 
the  great  interior  vaUeys.  Buildings  could  be 
cheaply  constructed  at  all  these  points,  the 
country  adjacent  being  well  timbered.  Here 
is  also  the  finest  fruit  growing  region  in  Cali- 
fornia, the  agricultural  and  wool  growing 
capacities  of  the  country  being  at  the  same  time 
very  considerable.  There  is  no  more  beautiful 
or  healthful  country  than  this  in  the  world,  and 
why,  with  so  many  natural  advantages,  it  should 
not  in  time  become  a  great  manufacturing  dis- 
trict it  is  difficult  to  conceive. 

And  these  reasons  that  are  appliable  to  this 
section  of  California,  apply  with  more  or  less 
force  to  most  parts  of  the  United  States.  Every- 
where the  manufacturing  can  be  scattered 
amongst  our  other  industries,  and,  thus  inter- 
mixed, all  productive  pursuits  be  made  mutual- 
ly beneficial  and  supporting.  While  sanitary 
conditions  would  be  immeasurably  promoted, 
great  social  and  economical  advantage  must 
inevitably  grow  out  of  this  arrangement.  Eng- 
land is  obliged  to  import  at  great  cost  the  bread- 


stuffs  and  most  other  food  required  to  feed  her 
factory  operatives  from  abroad.  We  raise  all 
this  at  home,  and  could,  therefore, ,  afford  to 
furnish  subsistence  to  this  class  of  populations 
at  much  lower  rates.  By  creating  courts  of 
conciliation  and  arbitrament  for  settling  all 
questions  that  arise  between  employers  and 
workmen,  by  encouraging  to  the  early  adoption 
of  the  co-operative  principle,  and  by  the  studious 
avoidance  of  the  many  abuses  that  have  grown 
up  in  older  countries,  we  shall,  no  doubt,  be 
able  to  build  up  and  sustain  in  the  United 
States  a  great  system  of  manufacturing  indus- 
tries, without  this  English  accompaniment  of 
starving  operatives  to  become,  alike  a  reproach 
to  our  civilization  and  a  peril  to  the  republic. 


Caution  and  Encouragement  to  Eastern 
Mine  Investors. 

There  is  now  a  great  deal  of  unemployed 
money  in  the  East.  This  is  especially  true  of 
the  Middle  and  New  England  States.  The  act- 
ive employers  of  capital  there  have  for  many 
years  been  investing  largely  in  railroad  and 
petroleum  stocks  and  in  the  prosecution  of  va- 
rious commercial  enterprises  and  manufacturing 
pursuits.  Banking,  gas  and  insurance  com- 
panies, together  with  a  great  variety  of  minor 
industries,  have  also  absorbed  largely  of  their 
available  means.  Although  profitable  for  a 
time,  these  various  branches  of  business  have 
come  to  be  overdone.  Very  few  of  them  can 
any  longer  be  made  even  fairly  remunerative. 
Competition  and  over-production  have  glutted 
the  markets  and  reduced  profits  to  a  very  nar- 
row margin  or  extinguished  them  altogether. 
While  such  is  the  state  of  affairs  with  the  more 
practical  and  useful  callings,  in  the  purely 
speculative  lines  of  business  the  condition  is 
even  worse,  the  bold  and  wealthy  having  gained 
such  complete  mastery  here  as  to  render  op- 
erations by  all  others  futile  or  exceedingly  dan- 
gerous. 

In  this  strait  the  moneyed  men  of  the  East 
are  casting  about  for  new  enterprises  and  other 
fields  in  which  to  embark  a  portion  of  their  idle 
capital.  They  naturally  direct  their  attention 
towards  the  great  mineral  regions  of  the  far 
West,  knowing  weU  that  there  exist  here  in- 
numerable good  openings  for  making  money. 
They  know  that  the  Pacific  States  and  Terri- 
tories abound  with  gold  and  silver-bearing  de- 
posits ;  that  our  annual  product  of  the  precious 
metals  approximates  a  hundred  million  dollars 
and  that  great  numbers  of  people  have  been 
immensely  enriched  through  miuing  ventures. 
But  they  know  another  thing — they  know  that 
nine-tenths  of  the  money  invested  in  our  mines 
on  Eastern  account  have  proved  a  dead  loss  to 
the  investors  ;  and  knowing  this  they  hesitate 
about  embarking  their  means  in  a  business  that 
to  people  abroad  has  turned  out  so  disastrously. 

We  say  people  abroad,  because  it  is  useless  to 
deny  that  non-resident  investors  in  mining  prop- 
erties on  this  coast  have,  as  a  general  thing, 
fared  worse  than  those  living  on  this  side.  The 
reasons  for  this  are  so  natural  and  obvious 
as  to  require  no  explanation.  Parties  at  a  dis- 
tance buying  mines  through  middlemen,  often 
inexperienced  and  always  interested  to  deceive 
the  purchaser,  are,  of  course,  greatly  liable  to 
be  imposed  upon.  Between  ignorance  and  de- 
sign they  are  almost  sure  to  be  victimized.  And, 
for  that  matter,  those  domiciled  on  this  coast, 
miners  themselves  included,  have,  through  in- 
judicious investments  of  labor  and  money,  suf- 
fered in  the  aggregate  more  loss  than  all  other 
classes  combined,  these  losses  having  been  due 
in  the  main  to  want  of  experience  or  other  ex- 
cusable or  unavoidable  causes,  not  a  few,  also, 
to  foolish  experiments,  hazardous  ventures  and 
willful  mismanagement ;  these  latter  having 
been  of  much  more  frequent  occurrence  during 
the  early  history  of  this  industry  than  of 
late. 

Mining  for  the  precious  mentals  was  a  busi- 
ness that  the  American  people  had  to  learn 
throughout,  and  generally  under  very  unpropi- 
tious  circumstances.  But  we  have  at  last  mas- 
tered it  pretty  thoroughly,  and  will  hereafter  be 
likely  to  avoid  most  of  the  errors  of  the  past. 
The  present  is  therefore  a  good  time  for  those 
who  have  hitherto  kept  aloof  to  embark  in  this 
business.  They  enter  upon  it  at  a  time  when 
labor  is  comparatively  cheap  and  abundant, 
when  person  and  property  are  everywhere  ade- 
quately protected  by  law,  when  transportation 
and  travel  have  been  cheapened  and  expedited 
through  the  construction  of  wagon  roads  and 
railways,  and  when  they  can  enjoy  all  the  ad- 
vantages growing  out  of  thirty  years  of  ener- 
getic experimenting  and  lavish  expenditure 
made  to  develop  and  advance  the  business. 

To  such  of  our  Eastern  friends  then  as  con- 
template engaging  in  this  branch  of  mining  we 
would  say  this  is  a  favorable  time  to  start  in, 
provided,  of  course,  they  intend  to  pursue  it  in 
a  practical,  business-like  way.  If  they  enter 
upon  it  with  only  speculative  aims  we  don't  see 
why  an  Eastern  railroad  or  an  oil  well  would 
not  answer  this  purpose  equally  as  well  as  a 
gold  or  silver  mine.  For  stock  gambling  they 
ought  to  be  able  to  find  something  nearer  home 
that  would  serve  their  end  sufficiently  well. 
But  of  this  they  are  the  best  judges,  and  if  in- 
clined to  get  up  something  for  the  Eastern  share 
market  it  is  not  for  us  to  seek  to  dissuade  them 
from  looking  for  it  in  this  quarter,  Presuming, 
however,  that  theBe  parties  desire  to  engage  in 
aotual  mining  and  to  carry  it  on  in  a  legitimate 


way,  we  repeat,  they  never  could  have  started 
in  at  a  better  time;  and  if  they  will  only  ob- 
serve the  same  caution  and  economy  in  the  con- 
duct of  this  that  they  have  always  considered 
necessary  in  every  other  kind  of  business  they 
will  not  be  disappointed  in  their  reasonable  ex- 
pectations. 

In  making  choice  of  a  field  for  mining  opera- 
tions there  are  some  reasons  why  California 
should  perhaps  be  selected  in  preference  to  any 
other  part  of  the  coaBt.  In  the  first  place,  we 
have  here  a  greater  variety  of  mines  from  which 
to  make  a  selection,  our  metalliferous  resources 
not  being  confined,  as  in  most  of  the  other 
Pacific  States  and  Territories,  to  vein  deposits 
alone.  We  have  several  different  kinds  of 
placer  diggings  that  can  be  worked  to  great  ad- 
vantage, as  well  also  as  silver-bearing  lodes  and 
auriferous  quartz  in  the  greatest  abundance, 
the  latter  being  worked  at  the  present  time 
with  more  satisfactory  results  than  any  other 
mines  in  the  country.  In  California  almost  our 
entire  mining  region  is  traversed  or  closely 
skirted  by  railroads,  rendering  it  easily  accessi- 
ble both  as  regards  freights  and  travel.  The 
climate  is  such  that  mining  operations  can  be 
comfortably  and  successfully  prosecuted  at  all 
seasons  of  the  year,  it  being,  in  fact,  every  way 
one  of  the  finest  in  the  world.  Labor,  machin- 
ery and  supplies  of  all  kinds  are  cheap  in  this 
State  and  easily  commanded.  After  much  ex- 
perimenting we  are  able  to  reduce  our  ores  at  a 
moderate  cost  and  with  considerable  closeness, 
our  quartz-crushing  machinery  and  gold-saving 
appliances  having  been  brought  to  much  per- 
fection.  We  have,  in  short,  cheapened  the 
business  and  reduced  it  to  greater  certainty 
than  has  anywhere  else  been  done,  notwith- 
standing the  State  of  Nevada  has  of  late  years 
turned  out  a  larger  annual  product  of  bullion 
than  California. 

Without  enlarging  on  this  point,  it  is  enough 
to  say  that  California  presents  as  many  and  as 
good  opportunities  for  the  investment  of  money 
in  mining  as  any  other  section  of  the  coast. 
Prom  San  Diego  to  Siskiyou,  ajdistance  of  more 
than  700  miles,  there  is  scarcely  a  county  along 
the  main  gold  belt  but  contains  quartz  mines  of 
real  value,  and  which  could  be  bought  for  a 
nominal  sum  and  be  worked  with  profit.  In  ail 
the  more  central  and  northern  of  these  counties 
occur  the  various  forms  of  placer  deposits 
alluded  to,  and  in  which  interests  can  also  be 
obtained  on  terms  that  no  one  wishing  to 
engage  in  this  branch  of  mining  could  reason- 
ably object  to.  This  region  opens  an  immense 
field  for  steady,  quiet,  profitable  mining,  nearly 
all  the  conditions  here  being  exceedingly  favor- 
able. 

The  people  of  the  East  often  express  surprise 
that,  of  all  the  mines  opened  and  equipped  here, 
so  few  should,  through  their  large  and  profit- 
able bullion  production,  become  noted  abroad. 
It  should  be  remembered,  however,  that  there 
are  in  California  some  eight  or  ten  thousand 
men  who  make  good  wagea  working  their  own 
claims  in  a  quiet  and  limited  way,  but  of  which 
nothing  is  ever  heard.  Then  there  are  numer- 
ous small  associations  and  incorporated  com- 
panies who  make  much  larger  earnings,  though 
operating  in  a  way  equally  quiet  and  unheard  of. 
It  is  not  the  policy  of  these  parties  to  make  a 
noise  about  what  they  are  doing.  GeneraUy 
speaking,  it  is  only  those  who  have  some  object 
to  be  gained  thereby,  who  seek  to  give  publicity 
to  their  operations.  Very  little  do  outsiders 
know  about  some  of  the  most  successful  mines 
in  this  State.  Some  of  these  properties  are 
owned  by  one  or  two  individuals,  or,  perhaps, 
by  a  small  number  of  partners  who  have  not 
thought  it  worth  while  to  incorporate  ;  or  who, 
if  they  have  done  so,  have  never  procured  their 
shares  to  be  listed  on  the  stock  boards,  a  pro- 
ceeding that  is  apt  to  prove  detrimental  to  the 
best  of  properties  by  creating  two  sets  of  antag- 
onistic interests,  one  concerned  to  enhance  and 
the  other  to  depreciate  the  value  of  their  shares. 

A  person  not  conversant  with  the  laws  and 
usages  that  govern  in  the  mining  districts, 
might  be  lead  to  aBk  why  it  is  that  the  owners 
of  these  valuable  claims  are  wiUing  to  sell  them 
at  such  very  low  rates  instead  of  retaining  and 
working  them  themselves  ?  The  answer  is  that 
under  the  general  laws  and  local  rules  regulat- 
ing these  matters,  it  is  possible  for  a  man  to 
establish  and  maintain  possessory  ownership  to 
a  great  number  of  these  mining  claims  or  loca- 
tions, even  though  he  be  without  the  means  to 
open  and  put  them  in  shape  for  active  produc- 
tion. All  that  is  required  to  keep  good  his 
title,  is  the  performance  of  a  certain  and  not 
large  amount  of  work  each  year.  This  done, 
and  he  can  hold  on  to  them  year  after  year,  or 
till  such  time  as  he  can  make  sale  of  them  or  find 
some  one  who  will  furnish  means  for  developing 
and  outfitting  them  for  a  part  interest  therein. 
Sometimes  the  owner  of  a  productive  claim  wiU 
sell  it  at  a  moderate  figure  to  get  money  to  open 
and  rig  up  another  claim  belonging  to  him.  Oc- 
casionally good  bargains  may  be  got  because  the 
owner,  through  sickness  or  advancing  years, 
or  for  some  similar  reason,  may  wish  to  leave 
the  mines.  Through  these  several  causes  there 
is  never  a  lack  of  properties  to  be  had  on  fa- 
vorable terms,  either  in  California  or  elsewhere 
in  the  mining  regions.  Let  but  the  Eastern 
purchaser  proceed  with  his  usual  caution,  buy- 
ing only  after  thorough  examination  and  seeing 
to  it  that  the  business  is  conducted  in  an  honest 
and  capable  manner,  and  he  will  have  abundant 
reason  to  be  satisfied  with  his  investment  in  the 
mines  of  this  coast,  whether  he  embarks  his 
money  in  the  gold-bearing  deposits  of  Califor- 
nia, the  silver -bearing  lodes  of  Utah  or  the 
mixed  mines  of  our  other  Pacific  Coast  posses- 
sions. 


April  5,  1879.J 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


217 


The  Snake  River  Placers. 


From  a  conversation  recently  had  with  Mr. 
J.  A.  Jacobs,  an  owner  in  several  productive 
claims  on  Snake  river  and  from  the  letters  of 
correspondents  there,  we  are  in  possession  of 
much  fresh  and  reliable  information  touching 
the  condition  and  prospects  of  placer  mining 
along  that  stream.  The  gold-bearing  deposits 
extend  for  a  distance  of  two  hundred  mites  or 
more  along  the  Snake,  that  is  to  say  from  the  vic- 
inity of  the  Malad  river  to  Blackfootand  above. 
As  a  general  thing  the  farther  down  stream 
the  richer  the  ground  appears  to  be  in  gold. 
This  is  contrary  to  the  opinions  first  entertained, 
and  seems  to  argue  that  the  gold  has  been  con- 
tributed by  the  country  along  the  river  and  not 
brought  down  from  its  upper  tributaries,  along 
which  the  bars  also  pay  moderately  well  but 
not  like  thoso  farther  down. 

While  there  is  probably  a  little  gold  in  the 
surface  earth  over  a  broad  belt  of  country  lying 
adjacent  to  the  river,  there  is  enough  only  in 
the  bars  along  the  stream  to  pay  for  washing. 
These  bars  are  of  two  kinds,  first  those  which 
occur  in  the  deep  canyonB,  and  secondly  those 
formed  along  the  flat  country  through  which 
the  river  passes.     The  former,  though  the  more 

f»roliHc  in  gold,  are  comparatively  small,  lie 
ow,  extending  down  into  the  water  when  the 
river  falls  to  its  lower  stages,  and  being  over- 
flowed when  it  is  swollen  by  the  melting  of  the 
snow  on  the  mountains,  which  occurs  in  the 
months  of  May  aud  June.  These  bars  consti- 
tuted the  sites  of  former  operations,  the  gold 
here  having  been  more  plentiful  and  perhaps  a 
little  coarser  than  elsewhere,  thereby  enabling 
the  pioneer  miners  to  make  fair  wages  washing 
at  first  with  the  rocker  and  afterwards  with 
ordinary  sluices.  The  bars  in  the  flat  country 
where  the  river  spreads  out  are  generally  large, 
some  of  them  covering  hundreds  of  acres,  their 
surfaces  being  from  50  to  200  feet  above  the 
stream.  It  is  on  these  that  the  principal  oper- 
ations are  being  carried  on,  though  the  others  are 
also  being  worked  on  a  smaller  scale. 

These  larger  bars  do  not,  as  a  general  thing, 
yield  gold  throughout.  Indeed,  this  is  not  the 
case  with  any  of  the  extremely  high  ones. 
Usually  there  occurs  on  top  a  pay  stratum  from 
25  tt  30  feet  thick  composed  of  loose  dirt,  some 
of  it  much  mixed  with  alkali.  Below  this,  two 
or  three  feet  of  barren  cemented  gravel  is  met 
with,  not  so  hard,  however,  but  that  it  can  be 
run  off  with  water.  Then  comes  in  a  bed  of 
clean  gravel  from  15  to  20  feet  thick,  and  richer 
than  that  on  top,  this  being  underlaid  by  a 
heavy  body  of  reddish  sand,  barren  and  ex- 
tending, it  is  supposed,  to  the  bedrock.  Not 
even  in  all  of  the  higher  bars  do  these  several 
strata  occur,  nor  yet  always  in  the  above  order. 
Already  everything  along  the  river  that 
promises  to  be  of  any  value  and  a  great  deal 
that  doe3  not  has  been  taken  up.  In  proceed- 
ing with  this  business  the  miners  after  their 
usual  custom  have  organized  districts,  elected 
recorders,  and  adopted  for  each  a  set  of  rules 
to  be  observed  in  locating  and  holding  claims, 
which  latter  are  limited  to  an  area  of  twenty 
acres  each.  The  washing  is  done  with  sluices, 
which  vary  from  one  to  four  feet  in  width  ac- 
cording to  the  quantity  of  dirt  to  be  put 
through  and  the  amount  of  water  to  be  had  for 
washing.  The  size  of  the  sluice  is,  however, 
apt  to  depend  more  upon  the  amount  of  the 
miner's  means  than  other  conditions,  the  quan- 
tity of  the  silver-coated  copper  plates,  an  ex 
pensive  item,  being  in  proportion  to  the  size  of 
the  sluice.  These  plates  cost  in  this  city  about 
$5  per  square  foot.  On  a  four-foot  sluice  run- 
ning 100  or  150  inches  of  water  from  four  to 
five  hundred  square  feet  of  these  plates  are  em- 
ployed, while  on  a  one-foot- sluice  running  from 
20  to  30  inches  of  water  only  about  35  square 
feet  of  plates  are  used.  At  first  large  Bluices 
with  much  water  were  preferred,  but  latterly 
the  tendency  is  to  smaller  ones  as  favoring  a 
closer  saving  of  the  gold.  The  miners  there, 
through  constant  experimenting  with  their 
machines,  are  all  the  while  slightly  modifying 
their  apparatus  or  the  manner  of  using  it.  The 
latest  change  to  be  noted  in  this  connection  is 
the  substitution  of  entire  silver  plates  for  the 
kind  now  in  use,  and  which  though  more  costly 
it  iB  thought  will  prove  much  more  effective. 

The  most  distinguished  feature  of  this  branch 
of  mining  is  the  great  economy  of  labor  of 
which  it  is  susceptible,  a  single  man  in  most 
cases  being  sufficient  to  attend  properly  to 
the  operations  of  a  sluice,  whatever  its  size  ; 
only  two  men,  on  alternate  shifts,  are  therefore 
required  to  a  machine,  washing  going  on  day 
and  night.  Two  companies  operating  near  each 
other  could  get  on  with  a  working  force  of  but 
five  men,  four  to  attend  to  the  sluices  and  one 
to  do  the  cooking.  At  cleaning  up  it  might  be 
convenient  for  the  single  man  to  have  some  as- 
sistance, but  at  other  times  it  is  not  required  ex- 
cept where  the  dirt  is  shoveled  into  the  sluices, 
as  is  practiced  on  the  low-lying  smaller  bars, 
and  sometimes  also  on  the  larger.  Generally, 
however,  the  force  of  the  water  discharged  from 
hose  or  narrow  wooden  boxes,  is  sufficient  to 
-  carry  the  gravel  into  and  along  the  whole  length 
of  the  sluice,  the  dirt  being  so  loose  as  to  re- 
quire no  stirring  up  after  it  is  once  in  the  ma- 
chine. The  expense  of  outfitting  a  claim  varies 
from  one  to  three  or  four  thousand  dollars,  this 
including  building  cabin,  cost  of  sluice,  tools, 
bringing  in  water,  etc.  Water  is  brought  on  the 


claims  through  ditches,  taking  it  from  the  river 
or  its  tributaries  where  this  is  practicable.  In 
other  cases  it  is  raised  by  current  wheels  and 
carried  through  troughs  to  the  points  where  re- 
quired for  use. 

The  gravel  along  Snake  river  usually  pays 
from  §10  to  $25  per  day  to  the  hand,  some 
claimB  doing  much  better  and  others  not  quite 
so  well.  Occasionally  a  clean  up  is  made  with 
the  larger  sluices  that  pays  at  the  rate  of  820, 
or    $30   and  even   $50   per  day    to    the    man. 


there  is  but  little  demand  for  labor  even  at  the 
low  est  prices.  The  wages  paid  there  are  $1.50 
per  day  of  twelve  hours,  board  included,  or 
$2.50  per  day  without ;  monthly  wages  $42  to 
$o"0.  The  cost  of  living  in  that  region  is  rather 
high,  for  while  beef  and  potatoes  and  some 
other  things  produced  there  are  cheap,  all  im- 
ported articles  are  dear,  owing  to  the  long 
wagon  transportation  to  which  they  are  subject. 
The  price  of  passage  from  San  Francisco  to 
these     mines     will     vary    from    $60    to    $80, 


'LONE    PEAKS,"    ON    THE    ROAD    PROM    EHRENBURG    TO    PRESCOTT,  ARIZONA. 


As  the  original  cost  of  outfitting  a  claim  here 
is  not  large  and  the  ground  will  last  for  a  long 
time,  variously  estimated  at  from  five  to  twenty 
years,  this  is  likely  to  prove  a  very  at- 
tractive and  profitable  branch  of  mining.  A 
large  sluice  will  put  through  from  300  to  400 
tons  of  dirt  per  day,  and  the  smaller  a  propor- 
tional amount. 

The  prices  of  claims  vary,  of  course,  with 
their  size,  richness  and  the  facilities  at  hand  for 
working  them,  the  circumstances   of  the  seller 


stage   fare   from    Kelton    on   the   Central   Pa- 
cific railroad  to  the  river,  135  miles,  being  $20. 

Bullion  Shipments. 

Since  our  last  isBue,  we  have  noticed  the  fol- 
lowing bullion  shipments: 

Standard,  March  25th,  $17,759;  Bulwer, 
March  25th,  $18,284. 10 ;  Northern  Belle,  March 
24th,  $8,023.37  ;  Alexander,  March  28th,  $10,- 


HAND    OR    POWER    PROSPECTING    QUARTZ    MILL. 


having  also  very  often  something  to  do  with  the 
business.  In  Borne  instances  claims  have  been 
sold  for  not  more  than  §50  0r  $60,  while 
again  they  will  sell  for  several  thousand. 
Mr.  Jacobs  tells  us  that  a  tract  situate  near  the 
Malad  and  consisting  ot  several  claims  with 
good  water  privileges,  sold  lately  for  $5,000. 

From  the  preceding  it  will  be  seen  that  there 
is  not  much  ubo  of  a  man,  without  some  pecu- 
niary means,  going  to  these  Snake  river  mines, 
as  everything  worth  taking  up  is  already 
claimed  and  held  at  pretty  stiff  prices,  while 


162.08;  California,  March  29th,  $41,132.36; 
Con.  Virginia,  March  29th,  $28,277.94;  Martin 
White,  March  31st,  $15,025;  Ophir,  March 
29th,  $11,274.14;  Grand  Prize,  March  31st, 
$8,200;  Independence,  Mareh  31st,  $5,500; 
Standard,  March  21at,  $15,502.36;  Bulwer, 
March  31st,  $17,777-18. 

Salmon  have  oommenced  to  run  in   Puge 
sound.  

A  world's  fair  is  to  be  held  in  New  York  in 
1883. 


"Lone  Peaks"  in  Arizona. 

We  take  from  "Picturesque  Arizona,"  by 
E.  Conklin,  another  glimpse  at  the  peculiarities 
of  Arizona  scenery.  In  his  account  of  these 
wondrous  prominences  on  the  level  face  of  the 
country,  the  author  says  : 

The  second  night  ont  from  Yuma  brought 
as  to  "Antelope  Peak,  "a  famous  camping  spot, 
and  so  named  from  a  high  towering  peak  jut- 
ting up  from  the  ground  in  magnificent  and 
haughty  style,  and  shrouding  you  and  the  camp 
grounds  surrounding,  with  its  casting  shadows. 
An  adobe  building  for  the  stage  company's 
office,  and  a  corral  for  the  protection  and  care 
of  the  horses,  and  the  graceful  flow  of  the  Gila 
river,  o'ertmadowed  by  the  towering  "  Ante- 
lope," constitute  the  main  attraction  for  the 
camper.  It  is  a  very  refreshing  and  cooling  re- 
treat for  the  traveler,  who  has  had  just  enough 
of  the  sand  and  sun  of  Arizona  by  this  time, 
to  appreciate  and  enjoy  it.  This  peak,  instead 
of  being  called  a  peak,  having  the  features  of 
so  much  of  the  Arizona  mountain  scenery, 
would  be  better  comprehended  by  being  termed 
an  isolated  mountain  ;  jutting,  as  it  doeB  from 
the  very  level  of  the  plains,  and  throwing  itself 
grandly  up  to  a  hight  of  hundreds  of  feet  into 
one  single  conical-shaped  formation.  There  are 
several  of  these  entertaining  fellows  over  the 
plains  of  the  Territory,  relieving  the  eye  of  mo- 
notony, and  without  which  the  deserts  and  the 
traveler  on  them  would  yearn  for  Borae  society. 
Their  extreme  contrast  with  the  surroundings, 
exalting  them  to  a  glorious  standard.  One  of 
the  most  bold  and  pleasing  of  these  peaks  is  to 
be  seen  on  Stewart  &  Pearson's  stage  road  from 
Ehrenberg  to  Prescott.  After  riding  for  miles 
and  hours  over  the  broad  sandy  plains,  with  the 
distant  mountains  forming  a  pleasing  enclosure 
to  a  vast  natural  stage  upon  which  many  a 
weird  and  midnight  scene  has  been  enacted,  to 
come  boldly  upon  these  two  lone  peaks  (there 
are  two  of  them)  standing  Bide  by  side,  is  a 
Bcene  worth  the  whole  ride.  As  the  stage  passes 
by  close  to  their  base,  they  look  down  frown- 
ingly  upon  you  ;  and  were  you  superstitious, 
would  almost  think  they  Bpoke  to  you  in  the 
Btarry  stillness  of  the  night. 

The  occasion  which  I  first  saw  theBe  peaks 
was  in  the  middle  of  the  night.  It  was  a  bright 
moonlight  one,  and  the  hazy  light  of  the  moon 
from  behind,  throwing  the  Bhadow  far  over  our 
stage  coach,  produced  a  sombre  effect.  Be- 
holding these  two  giant  figures  o'erspreading 
me  as  it  seemed,  I  was  held  with  awe  for  a  few 
minutes,  and  then  said  to  the  driver,  "  What 
are  theBe  ?"  at  the  same  time  holding  my  face 
up  at  right  angles  to  see  the  top. 

"Oh!  those?"  said  he,  in  a  quiet  unconcerned 
voice, — "Oh !  those  are  Btones  that  grow  here  in 
Arizona."  I  named  the  peaks  "  Lone  Peaks," 
as  agreeable  to  the  circumstances  and  condi- 
tions, as  well  as  the  sentiments  of  both  myself 
and  my  friend  the  driver. 


A  Hand  Power  Quartz  Mill 

We  give  on  this  page  a  representation  of  C. 
Eaton's  patent  "Poor  man's  prospecting  hand 
or  power  quartz  mill. "  It  is  simple  and 
durable,  and  so  constructed  that  two  men  can 
operate  it  all  day.  The  force  of  the  blow  can 
be  changed  so  as  to  strike  a  light  or  a  very 
heavy  blow,  readily.  It  can  be  run  by  hand  or 
power,  a  band  pulley  being  put  on  as  shown, 
for  the  latter  purpose. 

When  power  is  used  the  manufacturers  in- 
form us  that  each  stamp  will  strike  150  blows 
per  minute;  and  that  the  force  of  the  blow  in 
comparison  to  the  face  of  the  stamp  (4£  inches) 
is  greater  than  any  of  the  heavy  power  stamps. 
These  machines  are  well  made,  being  put  to- 
gether with  bolts,  to  be  taken  apart  readily,  so 
as  to  be  convenient  to  pack  on  a  mule's  back. 
The  whole  machine  weighs  about  1,300  pounds, 
the  heaviest  piece  weighing  200  pounds.  The 
engraving  sufficiently  explains  the  method  of 
operation. 

The  revolution  of  tappets  on  the  crank  shaft 
depress  the  inner  ends  of  the  levers,  which 
raise  the  stamps  by  means  of  straps  passing 
over  the  outer  ends  of  Baid  levers.  The  other 
end  of  the  strap  or  cord  fastened  to  the  Btamp 
is  eecured  to  a  ratchet  wheel,  by  which  means 
it  is  possible  to  regulate  the  drop.  Spiral 
Bprings  draw  down  the  levers  as  they  are  re- 
leased by  the  cams,  so  as  to  cause  the  stamps 
to  strike  the  blow. 

The  cash  price  of  this  machine  is  $150;  for 
sale  at  the  Ames  Steam  Engine  Depot,  14 
South  Canal  street,  Chicago,  111. 


Since  the  Central  Pacific  Co.  put  sleeping- 
cars  on  the  road  for  the  accommodation  of 
emigrants  the  emigration  westward  has  materi- 
ally increased,  four  or  five  car-loads  coming 
through  daily. 

The  latest  report  gives  the  number  of  miles 
of  railroad  in  New  York  at  5,752,  of  which 
4,358  are  double  track. 

There  are  general  complaints  in  the  country 
that  the  printed  Constitutions  are  slow  in  reach- 
ing the  people. 

Work  haB  been  resumed  in  the  tunnel  where 
the  explosion  took  place,  on  the  Southern  Pacific 
railroad. 


218 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS 


[April  5,  1879. 


Boswell  Heater.  Cooker  and  Drier. 


HEATS  YOUR  HOME!  COOKS  YOUR  FOOD!  DRIES 
YOUR  FRUITS,  Etc.  Economizes  time,  labor  and  fuel, 
and  avoids  exposure  to  heat  in  cooking. 

In    WARM    WEATHER,    when    COOKING    Ot    DRYING,     the 

heat  and  odors  can  be  passed  up  the  chimney;  and  in 
cold  weather  the  heat  can  be  regulated  to  any  desired  degree 
evenly  throughout  the  house.  Food  cooked  by  doflecxed 
heat  contains  more  nutriment,  is  more  easily  digested,  will 
keep  fresh  longer,  and  is  much  improved  in  flavor  and  ap- 

Eearauce.    "Will  dry  and  bleach  clothes  in  half  an  hour,  and 
eat  the  irons,  thus  saving  the  wash-woman  from  expos- 
ure while  hanging  them  out  in  stormy  weather  or  cold  rooms. 
Fruit  dried  by  deflected  heat  will  gain  from  20  to  40 
PER  cent,  in  weight,  and  30  per  cent,  in  quality  over 
that  dried  by  radiated  heat  or  in  the  sun. 

Requires  but  one-third  the  quantity  of  fuel  used  in  any 
other  heating  apparatus. 
Address  for  Price  List  and  Descriptive  Circulars, 
BOSWELL  PURE  AIR  HEATER  CO., 
No.  606  Montgomery  St.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


WASHING!  WASHING! 


Prices  Reduced!  Prices  Reduced! 


La  Grande  Laundry, 

13th  Street,  Between  Folsom  and  HowarcL 
PHINCIPAL  OFFICE, 

648  Market  Street,   S.  F. 

Office  open  from  7  a.  m.  to  0  p.  M.  Saturdays  to  11  P.  M. 
Washing-  called  for  and  delivered  to  any  part  of  the  city 
free  of  charge. 

All  orders  receive  prompt  attention.  For  circular  and 
price  List  apply  at  the  Office, 

648  Market  St.,  San  Francisco, 

J.  S.  PHILLIPS,  m.  e.. 

Consulting;  Engineer  §  Metallurgist, 
Examiner  of  Mines  and  Assayer, 

702    CALIFORNIA     STREET, 
Author  of—  —  «  -  San  Francisco. 

The  Explorers',  Miners' and  Metallurgists'  Companion, 

672  pages,  83  Illustrations,  (2d  Edition.)    Price §  10  50 

The  prospector's  "  Wee  Pet "  Assayer,  (Patented) 100  00 

The  Testing  Machine  for  Gold,  Silver,  Lead,  etc 40  00 

The  "Little  Wonder"  Self -calculating  Sample  and 

Button  Weigher,  (Patented) 25  00 

EJow-pipists'  Pocket  Laboratory  of  Tools,  Fluxes,  etc.    50  00 

Vest  Pocket  Elowpipe 3  00 

CHARGES.— Assaying,  $3;  Testing,  82permetaL 

Assaying  and  Testing  Taught. 


ARTESIAN 


SURFACE 

Well-Boring 

TOOLS. 

Manufactured  by  the 

Rust  Well  Auger 

COMPANY, 

OF    9IACOX,    MO. 

auuERS  and  uRILLS  from  best  wrought 
iron  and  steel.     Shafting  is  2-inch  gas  pipe. 
Couplings  are  round  plugs  fitted   inside  the 
wwflllJP  !''lje-    Urills  fitted  for  rope  or  pole.    All 
|[U&P^  tools  warranted,  and  sold  for  less  money 
than  can  be  got  elsewhere. 
Send  for  Circular.  O.    RUST,  Macon,  Mo. 

Mine   Wanted. 

The  advertiser  is  prepared  to  purchase  a  good  California 
Gold  mine;  gravel  or  quartz.  Must  be  in  a  condition  to 
be  examined  and  prospected. 

Send  full  particulars,  description,  location  and  price  to 
"Miner,"  care  of  Chits.  G.  Yale,  Esq.,  editorof  the  Mining 
and  Scientific  Presb,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


PiM IIPOCnilD     ByE.  CONKLIN,  Representative 
I    flUlltl  CDL|UC     or  the  National  Associated  Press, 
Ari7nnfl  ftn(*  art'st  an,i  correspondent  of 

ft  I  l£.UIlai  Frank  Leslie's  publications.     Be- 

ing the  result  of  Travels  and  Observations  in  Arizona  dur- 
ing the  fall  and  winter  of  1877.  Fully  illustrated.  Sent 
by  mail,  post-paid,  for  S2.  Address  DEWEY  &  CO.. 
202  Sansome  Street,  S.  F. 


SAVE    YOUR    GOLD! 


Highly  Important  to  Miners  and  Quartz  Mill  Men! 

SILVER    PLATED    AMALGAMATING    PLATES. 

The  best  process  yet  discovered  for  saving  line  or  float  gold.  Extensively  used  with  great 
success  in  gravel  and  placer  mining  in  various  parts  of  the  Pacific  Coast.  Over  five  hundred 
orders  have  been  filled,  and  the  demand  is  constantly  increasing.  A  large  number  of  these  Plates 
were  sent  to  Snake  River  mines,  Idaho,  last  year,  and  a  great  many  orders  are  being  filled  for 
them  this  season.  Circulars  containing  full  instructions  for  working  these  Plates  sent  with  each 
order.  Old  Mining  Plates  bought  or  taken  in  exchange  for  new  Silver  Plated  Plates,  and  full 
value  allowed.  Gold  extracted  from  old  Plates  at  a  moderate  cost  by  a  new  and  economical  pro- 
cess.    Old  Plates  {which  often  contain  a  surplus  of  gold  above  the  cost  of  plating)  can  be.re-plated. 

With  the  most  extensive  facilities  on  the  Pacific  Coast,  orders  can  be  filled  very  promptly 
and  satisfaction  guaranteed. 

Mining  Men  and  the  public  generally  are  cautioned  against  unprincipled  and  irre- 
sponsible parties  traveling  through  the  country,  endeavoring  to  secure  orders  for  very 
inferior  qualities  of  Silver  Plated  Mining  Plates. 

SAN  FRANCISCO  GOLD,  SILVER,  NICKEL  AND  COPPER  PLATING  WORKS, 

Nos.   653  and  655  Mission  Street,   San  Francisco,   Cal. 
EDWARD    G.    DENNISTON, PROPRIETOR. 


L.  GOSS. 


H.  ADAMS, 


GrOSUS  efts  ADAMS' 

MACHINE    WORKS, 

114  and  116  Beale  Street,  San  Francisco, 


MANUFACTURERS  OF  THE  CELEBRATED 

Corliss     Steam     Engine, 

AND    ALL    OTHER    KINDS    REQUIRED. 


Also,  Quartz,  Saw  and  Flour  Mill  Machinery, 
Shafting,  Pulleys,  Etc. 

PARTICULAR  ATTENTION  PAID  TO  REPAIRING  ALL  KINDS  OF  MACHINERY. 


Gas  Pipe,  Steam  Valves,  Cocks,  Safety  Valves,  and  all  kinds  of  Fixtures 
for  Steam  and  Water  furnished  at  short  notice. 

ALL  SIZES  OF  STANDARD  FLANGES  CONSTANTLY  ON  HAND.    SCREW  THREADS   CUT    ON   ALL    SIZES 
OF  GAS  PIPE  WITH  THE  MOST  APPROVED  MACHINERY,  AT  SHORT   NOTICE. 

Orders  Solicited,  and  Promptly  Executed. 


FRANCIS  SMITH  &  CO., 


CO 


Manufacturers  of 


GO 


THE    PATENT    CHANNEL   IRON    WHEELBARROWS.  m 

THE  STRONGEST  BARROW  MADE.    These  Barrows  are  made  by  Superior  Workmen,  and  ™~" 

of  the  best  material.     All  sizes  kept  constantly  on  hand.  _ _ m 

SHEET   IRON    PIPE.  q 

Lap-Welded  Pipe,  all  Sizes,  from  Three  to  Six  Inches.    Artesian  Well  Pipe.  2£ 

Also,  Galvanized  Iron  Boilers,  from  25  to  100  Gallons. 

Iron  Cut,  Punched,  and  Formed  for  making:  Pipe  on  ground,  where  required.   All  kinds  of  Tools  ^^ 

supplied  for  making;  Pipes.    Estimates  given  when  required.    Are  prepared  for  coating  all  size  of  ^— 

Pipes  with  a  composition  of  Coal  Tar  and  Asphaltum.  a  O 

Office  and  Manufactory,  130  Beale  Street,  San  Francisco.  f1^ 


WANTED-$10,000. 

For  310,000  cash  in  hand  I  will  give  a  one-half  interest 
in  the  BLUE  JAY  and  ELEPHANT  QUARTZ  mines, 
situated  in  the  French  Creek  Mining  District,  Siskiyou 
County,  Cal.  And  I  will  take  or  give  a  lease  on  said 
mines,  and  pay  or  receive  eight  per  cent,  on  the  amount 
invested.  For  further  .particulars  apply  to  H.  C.  Cory, 
Etna  Mills,  Siskiyou  County,  California. 


totept? 


OBTAINED  IN  U.  S.  AND  FOREIGN 
COUNTRIES;  trademarks,  labels  and  copy- 
rights registered  through  DEWEY  &  CO. 'S 
Mining  and  Scientific  Press  Patent 
Agency,  San  Francisco.  Send  for  free  circular 


PRINTER'S   PROOF  PRESS, 

COMPLETE    AND    IN    GOOD    WORKING     ORDER, 

For  Sale  at  this  office, 

AT   THE    LOW    PRICE    OF    $37-50. 

£arCall  and  see  it.  "Si 


FOB  SALE.— 16-horsc  Engine  8-inch  by  16-inch 
bore,  with  20-horse  boiler.  Hot  water  pump.  Every- 
thing; necessary  to  set  it  to  running.  Price,  81,000.  At 
Jackson'B  Agricultural  Machine  Works,  S.  E.  corner  0th 
and  BlusomeSta.,  San  Francisco. 


I)li$i|ie$$  bifectory. 


WM.    BARTLINQ.  HENRY  KIMBALL 

BARTLING    &    KIMBALL, 
BOOKBINDERS, 

Paper  Bulers  &  Blank  Book  Manufacturers. 
505  Clay  Street,  (southwest  corner  SanBome), 

SAN  FRANC1BCO. 


Lewis  Peterson.  John  Olbson. 

PETERSON   &  OLSSON, 

Model  Makers,  and  Manufacturers  of  Em- 
blematic Signs.    Models  for  the  Patent 
Office,  in  wood  or  Metal,  a  Specialty, 
NO-    328   BUSH   STREET, 

Bet.  Montgomery  and  Kearny,  (up  stairs),  San  Francisco. 
All  kinds  of  tin,  copper  and  brass  work  made  to  order. 


San  Francisco  Cordage  Company. 

Established    1856. 

We  have  just  added  a  large  amount  of  new  machinery.of 
the  latest  and  most  improved  kind,  and  are  again  prepared 
to  fill  orders  for  Rope  of  any  special  lengths  and  sizes.  Con- 
stantly on  hand  a  large  stock  of  Manila  Rope,  all  sizes: 
Tarred  Manila  Rope;  Hay  Rope;  Whale  Line,  etc  ,  etc. 

TUBBS    &    CO., 
611  and  613  Front  Street,  San  Francisco 


JOHN    A.    CHURCH, 
MINING    ENGINEER, 

COLUMBUS,  OHIO. 

C.    L.    GILLER, 
SEAL    ENGRAVER    AND    DIE    SINKER, 

No.  430  MONTGOMERY  STREET,  S.  P. 

The  best  Work  done  on  the  most  reasonable  terras  on 
the  Coast. 


TTSTTIR,-^1! ! ! 


IT    PAYS 


Three  to  Four  Per  Cent,  per  day 


Cover  Boilers,  Pipes  and  Drums  with 


H.W.J  OHMS' PATENT. 


MATERIALS. 


USE 


LIQUID  PAINTS,  ROOFING,  BOILER  COVERINGS, 

Steam  Packing,  Sheathings,  Fire  Proof  Coatings,  Cements. 

SEND  FOR  SAMPLES,  ILLUSTRATED  PAMPHLET  AND  PHIOE  LIST. 

H.W.JOHNS  M'F'G  Co.,  87MAIDEN  LANE,  N.Y, 

PACIFIC  COAST  BRANCH, 

JFJtEB  M.  PATRICK,  Manager, 

5  First  Street,  San  B^rancisco. 


CAUTION 

To  Hydraulic  Miners. 

The  public  generally  and  Hydraulic  Miners  especially 
are  hereby  notified  that  any  parties  making  or  using  the 
contrivance  known  as  the  HOSKIN  DEFLECTOR  will  be 
prosecuted  to  the  full  extent  of  the  law,  said  machine 
having  been  declared  by  the  U.  S.  Circuit  Court  an  in- 
fringement upon  my  patent,  the 

Bloomfield  Deflecting  Nozzle. 

The  public  are  also  cautioned  againBt  using  the  Hoskin 
Deflector  because  of  its  danger  to  life  and  limb,  this  de 
vice  having  already  occasioned  several  deaths  and  other 
Berious  accidents.  The  BLOOMFIELD  DEFLECTOR  is 
entirely  safe,  its  two  and  a  half  years  use  without  acci- 
dent, as  well  as  its  construction,  proves  it  to  be  a  reliable 
contrivance. 

Any  parties  wishing  to  purchase  the  right  to  use  these 
Deflectors  can  do  so  by  applying  to  the  undersigned, 

HENRY  C.  PERKINS, 
North  Bloomfield,  Nevada  Co.,  Cal.,  Octo- 
ber 1st,  1878. 


1 


PALACE  T 

ESTAURAN  1   Reduced  Prices 


This  elegant  and  spa 
cious  £>.  F.  Restaurant 
has  been  re-opened  with 
superior  bill  of  fore  dai* 


218  Sansome  St 


Reduced  Prices 

ly,  and  is  now  the  best 
andmost  popular  dining 
saloon  on  this  Coast. 
[Lunch  ready  at  10  a.  m.]  Resident  business  men  and  visi- 
tors from  abroad  will  l*e  wise  in  giving  this  place  an  early 
call.    Examine  bill  of  fare  and  prices. 

HERMAN  H.  HORST,  Proper. 


April  5,  1879.J 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


219 


Metallurgy  and  Ores. 


Nevada    Metallurgical    Works, 

No.  23    STEVENSON  STREET. 
Notr  Pint  and  Market  Streets. 

Ores  worked  l>y  any  process. 

Ore*  B&mpled. 

AjSfl  WING  in  all  its  branches. 

Analysis  of  Ores,  Minerals,  Waters,  etc. 

Working  tests  hade. 

Plans  furnished  for  the  most  suitable  process 
lor  working  Ores. 

Bpecia]  attention  paid  to  Examinations  of 
Mines;  plans  and  reports  furnished. 

E.  HUHN, 

C.  A.  LUCRHARDT, 
Mining  Engineers  and  Metallurgists 


JOHN  TAYLOR  &  CO., 

Importers  of  :uiil  Dealers  in 

ASSAYERS'   MATERIALS, 

CHEMICAL  APPARATUS  AND  CHEMICALS,  DRUG- 
GISTS'GLASSWARE  AND  SUNDRIES,  Etc. 

612  &  518  Washington  St.,  San  Francisco 

We  would  call  the  special  attention  of  Assayers,  Chcni- 
lata,  Mining  Companies,  Milling  Companies,  Prospectors, 
etc. ,  to  our  stock  of  Clay  Crucibles,  Muffles,  Dry  Cups, 
etc,  manufactured  by  the  Patent  Plumbago  Cruci- 
ble Co..  of  London,  England,  for  which  we  have 
...■I'M  made  Sole  AgenUjor  tit.-  Pacific  Coatt.  circulars 
with  prices  will  be  sent  upon  application, 

Aleo,  to  our  large  and  well  adapted  stock  of 

Assayers' Materials  &  Chemical  Apparatus, 

Having  been  engaged   in  furnishing  these  supplies  since 
the  tir?t  discovery  of  mines  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 

.CjTOur  Gold  and  Silver  Tables,  showing  the  value  per 
Mfhce  Tri.y  at  different  degrees  of  fineness,  and  valuable 
tables  fur  compulation  of  assays  in  grains  and  grammes, 
will  he  sent  free  upon  application. 

JOHN    TAYLOR    &    CO. 


LEOPOLD    KUH, 

(Formerly  of  the  U.  S.  Branch  Mint,  S.  F.) 

Assayer    and    Metallurgical    Chemist. 

No.  611  COMMERCIAL  STREET, 
(Between  Montgomery  and  Kearny,) 

San  Frakoisco,  Cal. 

OTTOKAR  HOFMANN, 
METALLURGIST  and  MINING  ENGINEER, 

415  Mission  St..  bet.  First  and  Fremont  Streets, 
SAN    FRANCISCO. 
.tSTErcction  of  Leacbing    Works  a  Specialty. 
itSTLeachintr  Tests  made. 


The    Miners'    Assay   Office, 

N.   E.   Corner  of  the   Plaza, 
PRESCOTT,       -      -      -       -       ARIZONA. 

Assays  of  Silver,  §1.50.    Gold  and  Silver,   32.     Other  Ores 
at  corresponding  rates.     All  ussaya  guaranteed.1 
Gold  and  Silver  melted  into  Bard.     Working  Teats  made. 
j&TMines  examined,  sales  negotiated,  etc. 

W.  H.   WILLISCRAFT, 
P.  O.  Box  153.  Prescott,  Arizona. 

THOS.  PRICE'S 

Assay    Office    and    Chemical 


Laboratory, 

624  Sacramento  St..  S.  F. 


G.  F.  Deetken.  Wm.  E.  Smitu, 

PIONEER  REDUCTION  WORKS, 

Channel  Street,  off  foot  of  Fourth,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Highest  price  paid  for  Sulphurets  Arseniurets,  Telluridcs 
and  Gold  Ores  generally. 

Careful  attention  paid  to  practical  working  tests  on  a 
large  scale  of  Gold-bearing  Quartz  and  ores  of  a  refractory 
and  sulphureted  nature. 

Will  examine,  report  on,  and  survey  mining  properties. 


METALLURGICAL    WORKS, 

STRONG    &    CO.,    10  Stevenson   Street, 

ORES  SAMPLED,  TESTED,  ASSAYED. 


GU  I  DO      KUSTEL, 

MINING  ENGINEER  and  METALLURGIST. 

P.    0     Address:    ALAMEDA,     CAL. 


Awarded  highest  prize  at  Centennial  Exposition  for 
fine  charing  qualities  rind  exrcUe»ce  and  tasting  char- 
acter of  sweetening  and  favoring.  Tho  best  tobacco 
ever  made.  As  our  bine  strip  trade-mark  is  closely 
imitated  on  Inferior  Roods,  see  that  Jackson's  Best  is 
on  every  plug.  Sold  by  all  dealers.  Send  for  sample, 
free,  to  O.  A*  Jackson  4  Co.,  Mfra.,  Petersburg,  \m 

L.  &  E.  WERTHHEIMER,  Ag'ts,  San  Francisco. 


Dewey  &  Co.  { 


202 

Sansome  St 


} Patent  Ag'ts, 


ELECTRIC   LIGHT. 

BRUSH     PATENT. 
The  Best,  Cheapest,  Cleanest,  and  Most  Powerful  Light  in  the  World. 

[In  daily  use  at  the  Palace  Hotel'and  the  Union  Iron  Works.  S.  F. 


Farties  desiring  Electric  Light  for  Halls,  Shops,  Docks,  Mills, 
Streets  and  Mines,  are  invited  to  send  us  full  particulars  regard  ing 
the  buildings,  rooms  or  places  to  be  lighted,  including  dimensions, 
character  of  walls  and  ceilings,  amount  of  available  power  and  its 
location,  amount  of  light  now  used,  character  of  work  being  done, 
length  of  time  light  will  be  needed  continuously,  etc. 

With  these  items  before  us,  we  will  make  a  proposition  to  furnish 
a  COMPLETE  OUTFIT  OF  ELECTKIC  LIGHT,  put  it  in  perfect 
working  order  and  guarantee  its  success  and  permanence.     Address  all  communications 

S.  F.  TELEGRAPH  SUPPLY  CO., 

WM.    KERR,    President, 

San   Francisco,   Cal. 


Ingersoll  Rock  Drills. 


In  use  in    the    largest    and  best 
Mines  of  the  Coast. 

HAS    AUTOMATIC  FEED. 

Has  less  Repairs. 

Is  Lighter  and  more  Easily  Ad- 
justed than  any  other  Drill. 
Our  DRY  AIR  COMPRESSORS  are  the  most  Economical  Compressors  in  the  Market. 

MINERS'  HORSE-POWER. 

This  Power  Is  especially  adapted  to  working  minee,   hoist 
ing  coal  or  building  material,  etc.    It  will  do  the  work  of  a 
Steam  Engine  with  one-tenth  the  expense.    One  Horse  ca 
easily  hoist  over  1,000  pounds  at  a  depth  of  500  feet. 

The  Power  is  mainly  built  of  wrought  iron,  and  cannot  be 
affected  by  exposure.  The  hoisting-drum,  is  thrown  out  of 
gear  by  the  lever,  while  the  load  is  held  in  place  with  a  brake 
by  the  man  tending  bucket,  The  frame  of  the  Power  is 
bolted  to  bed-timbers,  thus  avoiding  all  frame  work.  When 
required  these  Poivers  are  made  In  sections  for  packing. 

REYNOLDS,   RIX   &  CO..  18  &  20   Fremont  St.,  San  Francisco. 


to 


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L.AiyiP  mills 

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Machinery. 


PACIFIC  MACHINERY  DEPOT. 

H.    P.    GREGORY    &    CO., 

Cor.  California  Sc  Market  Streets,  8.  F.  Cal 

Importers  of  and  Dealers  in 

Machinery  of  all  Descriptions. 

SOLE  AGENTS  FOE  PACIFIC  COAST  FOR 

J.  A.  Fay  &  Co.'s  Woodworking  Machinery, 

Bement  &  Sons'  Machinists'  Tools, 

Blake's  Patent  Steam  Pumps, 

N.  Y.  Belting  &  Packing  Co.'s  Rubber  Goods 

Sturtevant  Blowers  and  Exhaust  Fans, 

Tanlte  Co.'s  Emery  Wheels  and  Machinery 

Payne's  Vertical  Engines  and  Boilers, 

Tudson's  Standard  Governors, 

Dreyfus'  Self  Oilers, 

Gould  Manufacturing  Co.'s  Hand  Pumps, 

Piatt's  Patent  Fuse  Lighters, 

Lovejoy's  Planer  Knives. 

A    FULL    LINK  OP 

Belting,  Packing-,   Hose,  and  Other 
Mill  and  Mining  Supplies  on  Hand. 

£2TSend  for  Illustrated  Catalomie. 


J.  Thomson. 


C.  H.  Evans 


THOMSON   &   EVANS, 

(Successors  to  Thomson  &  Parker.)] 

Engineers  and  Machinists. 


Address,  X'RA-HIZR.  CHALMEBS  «fc  CO.,  CUcaso,  111. 


D.   F    HUTCH1NGS. 


D.  M.  DUNNE. 


J.  SANDERSON 

ZFUCEICTIX:    OIL    WOIRIKIS, 

HUICHINGS     &    CO., 

OIL    and    COMMISSION    MERCHANTS, 

Manufacturers  and  Dealers  in  Sperm,  Whale,  Lard,  Machinery  and  Illuminating  Oils. 

517    FRONT   STREET     SAN    FRANCISCO. 


Mining     Books. 

Orders  for  agricultural  and  scientific  boobs  in  general 
ill  be  supplied  through  this  office  at  published  rates. 


ijgjg|       DR.    LIBBEY( 

IJ5SfLT  DENTIST, 

N.   W.   Corner  Kearny  and  Geary  Streets, 
Entrance  on  Geary  Streeet,         SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL 


Steam  Pumps,  Steam  Engines,  Hoisting, 

Pumping,  Quartz  Mill,  Mining,  Saw 

Mill   Machinery.   Specialties. 

Plana  and  Specifications  for  Machinery  furnished.    Re- 
pairing promptly  attended  to. 

110  &  112  Beale  St.,  San  Francisco. 

FOB    SALE. 


SEVERAL  SECOND-HAND 

PORTABLE   ENGINES, 

FOE    SALE    CHEAP. 

Sizes,  from  eight   horse-power   to  twenty-five  horse- 
power.    IN  PERFECT  RUNNING  ORDER.     Apply  to 

JOSEPH  ENRIGHT, 

San  Jose,  California. 


**("■  ",  STEAM  ENCINES,' 


BERRY  &  PLACE, 

—  SAN  FRANGISCO.CAL.— 
_  CIRCULARS  SENT  FREE  TO  ALL._ 


THE  IMPROVED  O'HARRA 

OHLORIDIZING  FURNACE. 

Patented  Sept.  10th,  1878. 

Now  in  Operation  at  the  Extra  Mining  Co- 'a 
Works,  Copper  City,  Shasta  Co.,  Cal. 

Two  men  and  two  cords  of  wood  roast 

forty  Tons  of  Ore  in  Twenty-four  Hours, 

Giving  a  full  chlorination  (100%)  at  a  coat  of  30  cents  per 
on.     Address,  ' 

O'HAERA    &    FERGUSON, 
Furnaceville,  Shasta  Co.,  Cal 
Or  CHAS.  W.  CRANE,  Agent, 

Room  10,  Safe  Deposit  Building,  San  Francisco. 


F.  MOORECROFT, 

Stone  Seal  Engraver, 

THURLOW    BLOCK, 

Room  38,  126  Kearny  St.,  Cor.  Sutter.  San  Francisco. 

Coats  of  Arms,  Crests,  Monograms  and  Ma- 
sonic Inscriptions  Carefully  Engraved. 


220 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[April  5,  1879. 


[Continued  from  page  213.] 

fourth  level  is  now  in  60  ft,  the  ore  assaying  #178  to  the 
ton.  In  the  second  and  third  levels  there  ia  no  change  in 
the  quautity  of  ore.  The  .amount  of  ore  in  sight  at 
present  is  larger  than  ever  before,  and  the  quality  19  also 
improving.  The  south  tunnel  level  is  now  in  290  ft.  The 
last  60  ft  of  this  level  has  been  run  through  a  Bolid  body 
of  mineral,  the  face  in  high-grade  ore. 

ARIZONA. 

Globb  Dibtrict.—  Silver  Belt,  Mar.  29:  The  Alice  shaft 
is  now  down  113  ft,  and  in  four  ft  six  inches  of  good  ore, 
which  samples  192  ounces.  The  mineral  is  both  widening 
and  Towing  richer  each  shot.  A  crosscut  was  commenced 
at  110  ft,  and  the  header  is  now  14  ft  from  the  footwall, 
all  the  way  in  low  grade  quartz,  with  a  marked  improvement 
as  the  hanging  wall  is  approached.  Three  and  one-quarter 
tons  unassorted  El  Capitan  ore,  worked  at  Miami  mill  152 
ounces.  The  Golden  Eagle  mine  of  Gold  Hill,  is  said  to 
improve  under  recent  work.  There  is  a  shaft  78  ft  deep, 
and  in  a  drift  at  the  bottom  there  is  a  five-ft  vein  that 
prospects  very  well  in  gold,  the  estimate  being  about  $75 
per  ton.  „      _     .      _ 

Tombstone.  -Cor.  Citizen,  Mar.  29:  The  Lucky  Cuss 
main  Bhaft  is  down  over  50  ft;  it  was  sunk  vertically,  cut- 
ting into  the  vein  at  30  ft  from  the  surface  and  is  still  in  a 
fine  body  of  ore.  The  north  shaft  is  turning  out  some  of 
the  finest  ore  that  has  been  exposed  for  a  long  time.  At 
the  west  cut  on  the  hill  can  be  seen  the  ore  that  makes 
frequent  §1,000  buttons.  On  the  Old  Guard,  the  first 
north  extension  of  the  Lucky  Cuss,  a  40-ft  prospecting 
shaft  is  under  way,  revealing  a  fine  vein  of  from  one  to 
three  ft  in  width.  The  Contention  main  shaft  is  down 
over  90  ft,  and  Supt.  White  expects  to  make  connection 
with  the  113  level  from  the  Bouth  shaft  in  about  10  days. 

COLORADO. 

Leadville.— Cor.  Tribune,  Mar.  26:  The  mining  fever 
seems  on  the  increase  rather  than  the  wane.  Hundreds 
of  prospectors  have  gone  out  this  week,  and  not  a  few  of 
whom  have  seen  their  labors  rewarded  bv  discovery  of 
metal  in  paying  quantities.  Gold-bearing  quartz  has  been 
found  in  California  gulch,  but  whether  in  paying  quanti- 
ties, or  in  such  amounts  as  will  warrant  active  working, 
it  is  impossible  to  state.  The  Bruce  iron  mine,  situated 
on  Stray  Horse  gulch,  has  been  sold  during  the  past  week 
to  parties  Baid  to  reside  in  Leadville,  for  $60,000.  The 
property  comprises  three  or  four  located  mines,  among 
which  are  the  William  Penn,  Philadelphia,  General  Cad- 
walader,  and  Benjamin  Franklin.  Nearly  all  the  best  pay- 
ing mineB  are  not  doing  what  they  might  do,  if  the  prices 
paid  for  ore  would  warrant  it.  At  least  twice  as  much  ore 
could  be  taken  from  the  mines  and  good  profits  realized 
therefrom,  but  the  companies  believe  they  can  hold  the 
ore  until  better  facilities  for  transportation  can  be  had, 
and  get  better  interest  for  their  money.  The  moment 
railroad  transportation  reaches  Leadville,  50  mines  will  be 
worked  to  a  profit  where  there  are  five  worked  now.  It  13 
extremely  difficult  to  ascertain,  with  accuracy,  the  amount 
of  ore  mined  in  and  about  this  camp  per  day.  There 
are  probably  about  15  to  20  mines  that  average  an  aggre- 
gate of  500  tons  of  ore  per  day.  Not  all  of  this  ore  is 
smelted  or  even  disposed  of  by  the  parties  taking  it  out, 
for  the  process  of  smelting,  under  the  present  disadvant- 
ages of  high  freights  and  uncertain  transportation,  is  so 
costly,  that  nearly  all  the  profits  are  eaten  up  in  convert- 
ing the  ore  into  bullion.  There  are  dumps  or  places  of  de- 
posit at  all  the  mines,  where  nearly  all  the  ore  below  a 
certain  grade  is  deposited,  to  await  the  time  when  smelt- 
ing will  be  cheaper.  It  costs  nearly  if  not  quite  33^% 
more  to  reduce  ore  to  bullion  now  than  it  would  if  the 
roads  were  good  and  freight  reduced  to  its  legitimate  basis. 
All  this  extra  cost  is,  of  course,  deducted  from  the  pur- 
chasing price  of  the  ore.  Kokomo'  continues  to  attract 
the  excited  miner  and  speculator.  Some  very  good  dis- 
coveries have  been  made  in  the  vicinity  of  Jack  moun- 
tain, about  a  quarter  of  a  mile  north  of  the  town.  Speci- 
mens were  exhibited  here  that  show  rich  in  silver  with 
some  traces  of  gold.  Some  of  the  holes  are  from  20  to  30 
ft,  and  in  many  of  them  there  is  considerable  trouble  ex- 
perienced from  water. 

MONTANA. 

Mining  Items. — Miner,  Mar.  25:  During  the  past  winter 
the  main  shaft  on  Mr.  Stinson's  claim  on  the  Stevens  lode 
was  sunk  to  something  over  60  ft  deep,  or  a  little  below 
water  level.  From  that  point  a  level  was  run  eastward 
following  the  ledge  for  60  ft,  and  another  west  for  35  ft, 
when  stoping  was  begun.  From  the  stopes  Mr.  Stinsonis 
taking  ore  of  three  grades,  the  lowest  grade  yielding  from 
60  to  70  ounces  per  ton;  the  second  about  100  ounces, 
while  a  lot  of  first-class  was  Bold  on  the  dump  for  §150  per 
ton.  At  present  the  dump  contains  250  tons  of  ore.of  which 
SO  tons  is  first-class,  100  second,  and  the  balance  third-class, 
or  60-ounce  ore.  In  consequence  of  the  strike  in  the  Alice, 
the  main  shaft  on  the  claim  will  (immediately  be  sunk  250 
ft  deeper,  or  to  the  total  depth  of  550  ft  from  the  surface. 
The  pumps  now  in  service  will  be  quite  equal  to  the  task 
imposed  upon  them  by  the  deepening  of  the  shaft;  but 
to  cut  the  ledge  at  the  500  level  will  require  additional 
machinery,  already  ordered  from  Salt  Lake  City.  The  ore 
in  the  300  level  being  of  so  much  higher  grade,  and  what 
is  still  more  important,  bo  much  less  base,  than  that  of 
the  200  level,  but  little  doubt  is  entertained  respecting  the 
developments  to  be  made  deeper  down.  Mr.  J.  K.  Pardee, 
Superintendent  of  the  Algonquin  mining  company,  has 
purchased  the  Salmon  mine  from  its  former  owners, 
Messrs.  Holland  &  Estell,  paying  therefore  the  handsome 
price  of  $50,000.     Having  made  this  investment,  the  Al- 

fonquin  Co.  will  proceed  to  the  immediate  erection  of  a 
0-stamp  mill,  to  be  provided  with  Howell  roasting  fur- 
naces, and  in  other  reBpects  to  resemble  the  Alice  mill,  at 
WalkerviUe. 

OEBGON. 

Bakbb  County  Mines. — Oregonian,  Mar.  29:  Recently 
a  contract  has  been  let  to  sink  a  winze  60  ft,  aommencing 
at  the  west  drift  of  the  Discovery.  Going  down  a  few  feet 
with  the  winze,  a  10-inch  vein  of  very  rich  ore  was  found 
on  the  foot  of  the  wall,  showing  much  native  silver,  the 
ore  on  the  assay  showing  65%  silver.  The  contractors 
are  going  down  slowly  owing  to  the  water  flowing  in.  The 
winze  is  now  down  20  ft,  showing  the  10-inch  stratum  of 
05%  ore  to  be  increasing  in  thickness,  with  every  indica- 
tion of  a  rich  and  extensive  body  of  ore  in  the  vicinity  of 
the  winze.  Another  contract  is  let  and  being  worked  on 
for  a  drift  running  east,  showing  excellent  pay  rock  with 
every  sign  of  itB  continuing.  The  tunnels  now  run  are  too 
close  to  the  surface  to  admit  of  working  to  the  best  ad- 
vantage. What  is  now  required  to  make  the  mines  yield 
a  large  dividend  is  the  necessary  machinery  for  hoisting 
works,  with  a  vertical  or  inclined  shaft  the  depth  of  500  or 
600  ft,  with  additional  stamps  for  the  mill  and  a  good  sub- 
stantial roasting  furnace  or  two.  There  are  other  mines 
here  as  rich  as  the  above.  The  Lafayette  gold  and  silver 
lode,  situated  about  three-fourths  of  a  mile  from  the  Dis- 
covery claim  and  on  the  same  ledge,  has  furnished  hun- 
dreds of  tons  that  have  paid  as  high  as  $100  a  ton  in  gold, 
A  company  of  miners  are  now  engaged  in  extracting  very 
rich  ore  there,  to  be  crushed  at  the  mill  on  the  Discovery 
claim,  and  other  rich  and  extensive  mines  are  lying  idle 
on  account  of  there  being  no  custom  mill  orroastersin  the 
neighborhood  to  work  the  quartz. 


The  2,500  tons  of  railroad  iron  for  the 
Northern  Pacific  are  being  shipped  from  New 
York. 


Forty-eight  employees  of  the  Carson  Mint 
were  suspended  Mar.  31st,  till  further  orders. 


The  Russian    exploring;   expedition    to    the 
Herr  has  been  stopped. 


The  Sutro  TunneL 

Final  Settlement  of  Differences  Between 
the  Tunnel  and  Mining1  Companies. 

The  final  proceedings  respecting  the  agree- 
ment between  the  Sutro  Tunnel  Company  and 
the  Comstock  mine  owners  have  at  last  been 
taken  and  the  papers  signed,  sealed  and  deliv- 
ered. At  Virginia  City  and  Sutro,  salutes  were 
fired,  and  bonfires  kindled  as  tokens  of  rejoic- 
ing over  the  long-delayed  consummation  of  the 
agreement.  Work  on  the  tunnel  sub-drains  will 
be  immediately  commenced  and  some  2,000  men 
set  at  work.  Mr.  Sutro  expects  that  the  mines 
will  begin  to  use  the  tunnel  within  sixty  instead 
of  ninety  days,  as  provided  in  the  agreement. 
He  estimates  the  daily  output  of  ore,  after  the 
mines  are  drained,  or  connections  with  the  tun- 
nel made,  and  crosscutting  under  way,  will  av- 
erage 3,000  tons,  of  which  2,500  will  probably 
belong  to  that  class  yielding  under  $40  per  ton, 
on  which  a  royalty  of  $1  per  ton  will  be  paid, 
and  500  to  the  class  yielding  above  $40,  on 
which  the  royalty  will  be  $2.  Besides  there 
will  be  some  revenue  for  transportation,  fur- 
nishing timber,  compressed  air,  water  power, 
etc. 

Although  the  papers  signed  by  the  compan- 
panies  vary  somewhat  in  detail,  they  are  all 
practically  alike,  and  are  to  the  following  effect: 
The  preamble  speaking  of  the  original  agreement 
entered  into  in  March,  1866,  with  the  Gould  & 
Curry  Silver  mining  company,  declares  that  all 
mines  on  the  Comstock  lode  are  beneficially  in- 
terested in  a  speedy  completion  of  lateral  tun- 
nels, and  are  desirous  of  adjusting  all  their  dif- 
ferences. The  argument  is  substantially  as  fol- 
lows : 

' '  Article  first  says  that  the  terms  of  the  agree- 
ment have  been  complied  with  by  all  parties. 

"  Article  second  says  that  the  main  tunnel  is 
considered  as  constructed  according  to  the  terms 
of  the  agreement,  but  provides  for  the  construc- 
tion of  a  covered  drain  to  carry  off  all  water,  of 
whatever  temperature,  within  90  days. 

"Article  third  provides  that  until  the  end  of 
90  days  no  water  shall  be  discharged  into  the 
tunnel ;  but  after  that  period,  or  sooner,  if  a 
drain  is  ready,  the  mines  shall  be  at  liberty  to 
dump  any  water  into  the  tunnel,  including  the 
water  used  in  the  mines  for  propelling  power. 

"  Article  fourth  provides  for  the  construction 
of  lateral  tunnels — one  to  the  north,  running 
first  to  about  100  feet  west  of  the  C.  &  C. 
shaft ;  thence  to  about  100  feet  of  the  Sierra 
Nevada  shaft,  and  thence  about  500  feet  east  of 
the  Utah  shaft.  To  the  south,  beginning  at 
the  Julia  shaft,  which  is  already  connected  with 
the  main  tunnel,  and  running  to  about  80  feet 
east  of  the  Yellow  Jacket  shaft,  and  thence  to 
about  200  feet  west  of  the  new  Overman  shaft. 
These  lateral  tunnels  are  to  be  begun  within  90 
days,  to  be  well  constructed,  3  feet  wide  by  7 
feet  high,  and  to  be  pushed  ahead  with  due 
diligence. 

"Article  fifth  makes  provisions  for  deflect- 
ing from  the  regular  course  of  the  lateral 
tunnels  in  case  unfavorable  ground  is  encoun- 
tered. 

"Article  sixth  says  that  the  mining  com- 
panies agree  to  advance  $70  per  foot  for  lateral 
tunnels,  payments  to  be  made  at  that  rate  on 
the  fifth  day  of  each  month  for  work  done  dur- 
ing the  preceding  calendar  month.  Each  of  the 
companies  has  a  right  to  construct  a  lateral  tun- 
nel before  its  own  claim  and  receive  credit  there- 
for at  the  same  rate. 

"Article  seventh  provides  for  the  repayment 
of  these  advances  by  allowing  the  mining  com- 
panies to  deduct  one-half  of  the  monthly  charges 
on  ore  reduced  or  sold,  until  the  amount  ad- 
vanced is  repaid. 

"  Article  eight  provides  for  the  reduction  of 
charges  on  ore  from  $2  to  $1  per  ton  on  ore 
yielding  $40  per  ton,  a  ton  being  2,000  pounds. 

"Article  ninth  provides  that  mines  lying 
between  the  California  on  the  north  and  the 
Chollar-Potosi  on  the  south  Bhall  be  considered 
drained  whenever  the  tunnel  is  ready  to  receive 
water  from  the  mines  now  connected  with  it. 
The  mines  north  of  the  California  or  south  of 
the  Chollar  are  to  be  considered  drained  as  soon 
as  the  lateral  tunnels  reach  their  respective 
centers. 

"  Article  tenth  provides  for  the  mining  com- 
panies furnishing  a  sworn  return  of  their  prod- 
uct each  month  at  each  mill,  with  the  actual 
yield  in  bullion,  and  for  the  payment  of  charges 
thereon  by  the  tenth  day  of  the  succeeding 
month. 

"  Article  eleventh  provides  that  no  mine  shall 
allow  any  other  mine,  which  has  no  agreement, 
to  discharge  its  water  so  that  it  could  be  pumped 
into  their  tunnel. 

"  Articles  twelfth,  thirteenth  and  fourteenth 
provide  for  the  construction  of  an  outside 
parallel  drain,  if  it  shall  at  any  time  become 
necessary;  that  all  agreements  are  to  be  deemed 
to  be  of  the  same  purport,  and  that  all  articles 
are  to  be  binding  upon  each  party  and  their  suc- 
cessors or  assigns  forever,"  etc. 


Not  less  than  $1,000,000  of  capital  is  invested 
in  grounds  and  buildings  of  the  East  Liverpool, 
Ohio,  potteries,  and  it  is  estimated  that  fully 
1,200  persons  are  employed  in  the  various 
factories,  while  many  more  are  sustained  by 
this  industry  in  the  mining  of  clay,  etc. 

The  Paris  exhibition  buildings  will  be  entirely 
demolished,  and  the  Champs  de  Mars  relegated 
to  itfl  old  occupation  as  a  drilling  ground. 


News  in  Brief 

Louisiana  has  had  seven  Constitutions. 

Berkeley  is  troubled  with  cattle  thieves. 

Opium  Bmoking  is  on  the  increase  in  Nevada, 
stand. 

Trot  Dye,  the  Tullis  murderer,  is  becoming 
insane. 

The  tramp  nuisance  is  on  the  increase  in 
Fresno. 

Mokelumne  indulges  largely  in  sturgeon 
fishing. 

Little  Wolf's  band  of  Cheyennes  has  been 
captured. 

China  has  made  a  demand  on  Russia  fcr 
territory. 

Prairie  fires  are  committing  great  ravages 
in  Dakota. 

Germany  approves  the  joint  occupation  of 
Roumelia. 

Four  hundred  Ohio  miners  have  struck  for 
higher  wages. 

Poverty  Flat  is  now  the  richest  section  on 
Salmon  river. 

There  ia  a  strong  call  for  wives  among 
Western  farmers. 

There  is  a  great  deal  of  partisan  excitement 
at  Washington. 

Chinese  gambling  houses  are  being  found  in 
New  York  City, 

Trichinosis  seems  to  be  becoming  common 
all  over  the  world. 

Oregon  complains  of  the  prevalence  of  com- 
mercial "drummers." 

There  were  905  English  soldiere  killed  by 
the  Zulus  at  Isandula. 

Four  Italians  have  been  poisoned  with  mush- 
rooms at  Mendocino. 

California  cheese  brings  12£  cents  a  pound 
in  the  Prescott  market. 

American  canned  goods  are  to  be  found  in 
nearly  all  parts  of  Asia. 

Several  Indian  chiefs,  including  Moses,  are 
en  route  to  Washington. 

The  Willamette  river,  Or.,  is  still  rising 
and  a  flood  is  anticipated. 

The  woman  suffrage  bill  failed  to  pass  the 
Massachusetts  Legislature. 

Superior  coal  has  been  found  at  South 
Boulder  canyon,  Colorado. 

Photographers  are  taking  pictures  at  night 
by  means  of  the  electric  light. 

The  arrival  of  a  Chinawoman  at  New  York 
has  created  quite  a  sensation. 

The  New  Orleans  banks  have  resumed  the 
payment  of  currency  on  demand. 

Operative  weavers  at  Blackburn  have  voted 
to  accept  the  five  per  cent,  reduction  in  wages. 

A  Russian  Countess  has  been  arrested  at  St. 
Petersburg  for  sympathizing  with  the  Nihilists. 

A  Seattle  jury  has  awarded  three  cents 
damages  in  a  slander  case.     Costs  of  case,  $500. 

From  the  light  fall  of  snow  a  scarcity  of 
water  is  predicted  at  Virginia  City,  this  sum- 
mer. 

The  rival  medical  schools  are  fighting  over 
the  composition  of  the  National  Board  of 
Health. 

Opium  smuggling  from  British  Columbia  into 
the  United  States  has  become  an  American 
industry. 

The  New  Mexico  papers  are  filled  with 
announcements  of  discoveries  of  rich  mineral 
districts  in  various  parts  of  that  Territory. 

A  gang  of  14  men  are  engaged  in  retimbering 
portions  of  the  Sutro  tunnel  in  places  where  the 
ground  is  soft  and  unstable. 

A  New  Book  on  the  Comstock  Lode. — We 
have  received  from  John  Wiley  &  Sons,  scien- 
tific book  publishers  of  New  York  city,  a  cir- 
cular announcing  a  forthcoming  work  entitled 
the  "History  of  the  Comstock  Lode, "  by  John 
A.  Church,  M.  E.,  professor  of  mining  in  the 
Ohio  State  University.  It  is  to  be  in  one  quarto 
volume  well  illustrated  by  maps  and  engravings. 
The  author  will  attempt  to  show  the  mode  in 
which  the  great  silver  deposits  were  formed, 
and  will  explain  the  true  position  of  ore  bodies 
in  the  lode,  the  relation  of  rich  to  barren  quartz, 
the  reason  for  the  concentration  of  ore  in  par- 
ticular localities,  the  channel  by  which  the 
quartz  entered  the  lode,  and  the  true  zonal 
arrangement  of  the  rich  and  barren  ground,  ex- 
hibiting the  cause  of  the  long- continued  poverty 
of  the  portion  now  worked  and  the  prospect  of 
future  improvement.  Prof.  Church  arrives  at 
the  conclusion  that  the  mines  are  by  no  means 
exhausted,  but  that  they  have  a  great  future 
before  them.  The  price  of  the  book  will  be  $6 
to  those  who  send  in  their  names  before  the 
work  is  ready  for  issue ;  after  it  appears,  the 
publishers  say  the  price  will  be  advanced.  Sub- 
scriptions for  the  book  will  be  received  by 
Dewey  &  Co.,  202  Sansotne  street,  S.  F. 


'A TENTS  AND 


Inventions. 


New  Incorporations. 

The  following  companies  have  filed  certificates  of  incor- 
poration in  the  County  Clerk's  office  at  San  Francisco: 

Armstrong  G.  M.  Co.— Object:  To  operate  in  Butte 
county.  Capital,  $500,000.  Directors— J.  S.  Rawlins,  C. 
Stevens,  P.  Amiraux,  J.  W.  Pew  and  William  Armstrong. 

Ameer  M.  Co. — Object:  To  mine  in  Bodie  district. 
Capital,  $10,000,000.  Directors— Thomas  Price,  A.  J. 
RalBton,  J.  P.  Allen,  D.  L.  ParkhurBt  and  R.  H.  Brown. 

Boston  S.  M.  Co. — Object:  To  mine  in  Alpine  county. 
Capital,  §10,000,000.  Directors— L.  G.  Cole,  H.  W.  Red- 
ington,  George  E.  Maguire,  C.  P.  Moulthorp  and  James 
Biddolph. 

Central  Star  G.  M.  Co.— Capital,  $2,000,000.  Trustees 
—Robert  J.  Creighton,  Edmund  B.  Kilborne,  William  F. 
Drake,  Charles  H.  Howland  and  S.  Wilson  Church. 

Monte  Cribto  Con.  M.  Co.— Object:  To  operate  in 
Mono  county.  Capital,  $1,000,000.  Directors— J.  D. 
Thompson,  J.  M.  McDonald,  Clinton  Gumee,  L.  Shoris 
and*  B.  F.  Bivins. 

Carrie  Steels  M.  Co.— Object:  To  operate  in  Utah. 
Capital,  $10,000,000.  Directors— John  F.  Miller,  Louis  A. 
Garnett,  O.  H.  LaGrang  e,  J.  F.  Crouiae  and  O.   C.    Killer. 


List  of  U.  S.  Patents  Issued  to  Pacific 
Coast  Inventors. 


[From  Official  Reports  for  the  Mining  and  Scientific 

Press,  DEWEY  &  CO.,  Publishers  and  U.  S. 

and  Foreign  Patent  Agents.] 

By  Special  Dispatch  from  Washington.  D.  O. 

For  the  Week  Ending  March  11th,  1879. 

213,032.— Buffer  Spring— Wm.  M.  Betts,  S.  F. 

213,174.—  Water  Gauge  and  Alarm— O.  Collier,  Sacra- 
mento, Cal. 

213,177.— Guide  for  Stems  for  Stamp  Mills— C.  Crane 
and  W.  Raup,  Park  City,  Utah. 

213,096.—  Engine-J.  H.  Darragh,  S.  F. 

213,194.— Nozzle  for  Hardening  Dies— J.  B.  Harm- 
stead,  S.  F. 

213,206.— Bread  Box— W.  G.  JoneB,  San  Jose,  Cal. 

213,065.— Car  Coupling— J.  C.  McCollum,  Wilmington, 
Cal. 

213,154.— Improvement  in  Construction  of  Bridges— E. 
Williams,  S.  F. 

213,153.— Car  Brakes— A.  Weymouth,  Livermore,  Cal. 

213,117.— Axle  for  Vehicles— E.  E.  Lincoln,  San  Jose. 

213,052. —  Improvement  in  Lamps  —  D.  Luhin,  Sacra- 
mento, Cal. 

213,134.— Improvement  in  Dental  Pluqgerb— H.  Rich- 
mann,  S.  F. 

7,106.  —  Lubricating  Compound  —  Trademark  —  Dean, 
Gracey  &  Co.,  Virginia  City,  Nevada. 

The  patents  are  not  ready  for  delivery  by  the  Patent 

Office  qtnt.il  some  14  days  after  the  date  of  issue. 

Note.— Copies  of  U.  S.  and  Foreign  Patents  furnished 
by'DswEr  &  Co.,  in  the  shortest  time  possible  (by  tel- 
graph  or  otherwise)  at  l..e  lowest  rates.  All  patent  busi- 
ness for  Pacific  coast  inventors  transacted  with  perfect 
security  and  in  the  shortest  possible  time. 


A  land-slide  on  the  Lehigh  Valley  railroad 
threw  a  locomotive  of  a  New  York  train  from 
the  track,  killing  its  engineer  and  fireman. 

A  Mormon  mob  captured  Tooele  county, 
Utah,  and  controlled  elections  to  suit  them- 
selves. 


The  negro  exodus  from  Louisiana  continues. 


South  Pacific  Coast  Railroad.  -This  popular  line  has 
made  a  reduction  in  rates  between  San  Francisco  and  San 
Jose  and  Santa  Clara,  to  take  effect  April  1st,  1879,  viz: 
Regular  local  tickets  between  San  Francisco  and  San  Jose, 
$1.75;  Santa  Clara,  SI. tit.  Round  trip  tickets  (good  until 
used)  between  San  Francisco  and  San  JoBe,  $3.26;  Santa 
Clara,  $3.06.  Excursion  tickets  sold  Saturday  afternoons 
and  Sunday  mornings  from  San  FranciBCO  and  Park  street, 
Alameda,  to  Santa  Clara  or  San  Jobc  and  return,  $2.50; 
good  only  until  Monday  evening  following  date  of  pur- 
chase. Commutation  tickets  good  for  one  round  trip 
daily  during  calendar  month,  between  San  FranciBCO  ana 
San  Jose,  $20;  Santa  Clara,  $19.  Family  tickets  for  10 
rideB  and  30  rides,  also  six  months  and  yearly  commuta- 
tion tickets  «d  sale  at  corresponding  reduction  in  rates. 
Geo.  H.  Waggoner,  Gen'l  Pass.  Agent. 

Tuns.  Carter,  Superintendent. 


Fresh  attractions  are  constantly  added  to  Wood- 
ward's Gardens,  among  which  is  Prof.  ember's  great 
educator,  the  Zoographicon.  Each  department  increases 
daily,  and  the  Pavilion  performances  are  more  popular 
than  ever.  All  new  novelties  find  a  place  at  this  wonder- 
ful resort.    Prices  remain  as  usuaL 


How  to  Stop  this  Paper.— It  is  not  a  herculean  task  to 
stop  this  paper.  Notify  the  publishers  by  letter.  If  it 
comes  beyond  the  time  desired  you  can  depend  upon  it  we 
do  not  know  that  the  subscriber  wants  it  stopped.  So 
be  sure  and  send  us  notice  by  letter. 


Examine  the  accelerative  endowment  plan,  as  originated 
by  the  Mutual  Benefit  Life  Insuranco  Co.,  of  Newark, 
New  Jersey.  Assets,  $30,533,429.94.  Lewis  C.  Grover, 
President;  L.  Spencer  Coble,  Vice-President;  Benjamin  C. 
Miller,  Treasurer;  Edward  A.  Strong,  Secretary;  Bloom- 
field  J.  Miller,  Actuary.  Send  for  circulars  to  James 
Munsell,  Jr.,  agent  of  Insured,  224  Sansome  St.,  San 
Francisco. 

M.  D.  Siirader  is  now  an  authorized  agent  of  the  Pa- 
cific Rural  Press,  alBo  Mining  and  Scientific  Press,  to 
solicit  subscriptions  and  receive  the  money  for  the  same 
His  receipts  given  for  such  money  will  be  duly  honored 
by  this  company. 


Experimental  Machinery,  drawings,  patterns,  models, 
all  kinds  of  electrical  and  telegraphic  apparatus  to  order. 
See  ad.    F.  W.  Fuller,  416  Market  St.,  second  floor,  S.  F. 


Chew  Jackson's  Bkst  Sweet  Navy  Tobacco. 


METALS. 

[WHOLESALE. 

Wf.dnf.hday  m..  April  2,  1878. 

Iron.— 

American  Pig,  soft,  ton.... 23  00  @26  00 

Scotch  Pig.ton 25  50  @26  50 

American  White  Pig,  ton 23  00  @ 

Oregon  Pig,  ton 26  50  @ 

Refined  Bar H@       3J 

Horse  ShoeB,  keg 5  00  @—  — 

Nail  Rod -§       7 

Norway,  according  to  thickness 6J@       1 

Copper.— 

Sheathing,  fl> 34  @      35 

Sheathing,  Yellow 19  @      2* 

Sheathing,  Old  Yellow —  @— 

English  Cast,  tt> 16  @     17 

Black  Diamond,  ordinary  sizes 16  @ 

Drill 16  &     17 

Flat  Bar 16  @      19 

Plow  Steel 8  @      12* 

Tin  Plates.— 

10xl4IC  Charcoal 8J@       9 

10x14  I  C  Coke 7  @       7i 

BancaTin 18  <ri—  20 

Australian 15i@     17 

Zinc— 

By  the  Cask 9  @ 

Zinc,  Sheet  7x3  ft.  7  to  10,  lb,  leas  than  cask . .        9j@—  10 

Nails.— 

Assorted  sizes 2  90(S3  00 


Gold,    Legal    Tenders,    Exchange,    Etc. 

[Corrected  Weekly  by  Sutro  &  Co.] 

San  Francisco,  April  2,  3  r.  M. 
SlLVBR,  1J@2. 

Oold  Bars,  S90@910.  Silver  Bars,  8@20  $  cent,  dis- 
count. 

Exchange  on  New  York,  20,  on  London  bankers,  49J@ 
49*.  Commercial.  60;  Paris,  five  francs  $  dollar;  M«zican 
dollars,  8$@88. 

London  Consols.  96  5-16;  Bonds,  103. 

Quicksilver  in  S.  F..  bj  the  flask,  ¥  lb,  40@41c, 


April  5,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


221 


C1X.O       FKICC8 
UDWOOO. 

Romh.  H 13  00 

Kotow «00 

Clear 23  00 

Clo*rB»fuM 13  00 

Eiutio 23  SO 

RofUio 18  00 

Surf«xd MOO 

Befiun 1<  00 

flooring 20  00 

Brfun 12  00 

Bodod  Flooring 23  00 

Beruui 13  00 

JUlf-lnth  Bldlnj 16  00 

Refill* 14  00 

H»lf  Inch  8urt«c<«l 20  00 

K.fiu« 14  00 

HftlMnch  Batten* 16  OOl 


LUMBER. 

Wcdmwdat  M  .  April  3.  1879. 
""FIJfcET      M)|Mt    PI*E 

RETAIL  PRICE. 
RoUfh,   M 18  00 

Fendnf 18  00 

Flooring  »nd  St4sp 28  00 

Nwrow 30  00 

3d  quality 35  00 

L»th* ,.  3  so 

Kurrtnf,  lineal  ft 

Kl  dhoud. 

bkta.il  prick. 
Roash,  M 18  00 

Refuse U  00 

Plck-U,  Rou«h 15  00 

Pointed 16  00 

Fanoy W  50 

Hiding 30  50 

Surfaced  &  Long  Beaued30  00 
Flooring SO  00 

Refuse 22  50 


Picket*  Rough 11  00  Half-Inch  Surfaced 30  00 

Rough.  Pointed 12  50' Rustic,  No.  1 30  00 

Fancy,  Pointed 18  OOlBatteus.  Uneal  ft 

8olnj(lo« 1  75lBhlnKlee  M 3  00 


LEATHER. 

f  WUOLlHALl.  | 

Wednesday,  m.,  April  2,  1879. 

Sole  Leather,  heary,  lb 33  (*      2i) 

Light 20  @      24 

Jodot,  8  Kil.,  doz 48  00  W50  00 

11  to  13  KU 65  00  <tf76  00 

14  to  19  Kl] 80  00  (fl%  00 

Second  Choice,  11  to  16  Kll 55  00  (470  00 

Oornelllan,  12  to  16  Kll 67  00  <rt67  00 

Females,  12  to  13  Kll 63  00  mi  00 

14  to  16  Kit 71  00  &76  00 

Simon  mimo.  Female*,  12  to  13  Kll 58  00  W*j2  SO 

14  to  15  KU 66  00  <of70  00 

16tol7Kil 72  00  (gli  00 

Simon.  18  KU 61  00  <rf63  00 

30  Kll 65  00  #67  00 

34  Kil 72  00  W74  00 

Robert  Calf.  7  and  9  Kll 35  00  @40  00 

Kips.  Preach,  lb  1  00  @  1  35 

0*1.  doz 40  00  @60  00 

French  Sheep,  all  colors 8  00  (§15  00 

Eastern  Calf  for  Backs,  lb 1  00  (&  1  25 

Sheep  Roans  for  Topping,  all  colors,  doz 9  00  @13  00 

For  LIninga 5  50  <&10  50 

at.  Russet  Sheep  Linings 1  75  w  4  50 

oot  L  egs.  French  Oal(.  pair 4  00  @ 

BOood  French  Calf 4  00  @  4  75 

Best  Jodot  Calf 6  00  <§  5  25 

eather,  Harness,  D> 35  @     38 

LFalr  Bridlo,  doz 48  00  @72  00 

Skirting,  lb 33  @      37 

Welt,  doz 30  00  050  00 

Buff,  ft 18  @      21 

Wax  Side 17  @      60 


Signal  Service  Meteorological  Report 

Sam  Fkajjctbco.— Week  ending  April  1,1879. 


BIGBR8T  AND   LOWEST   BAROMETER. 

Mar  26  Mar  27  Mar  251   Mar  201  Mar  30i  Mar  31   Apr  1 


30.193    30.278 
30.101    30.198 


30.203 
30.191 


30.172  29.934  29.833 
29.958|  29.801  29.764 


30.00(i 
29.870 


62.7  I 
55.2 


MAXIMUM  AND  MINIMUM  THERMOMETER. 


I    £    I 


77 
66.7 


65 


62.6  | 
53 


HRAN   DAILY   HDMIDITT. 

85      |      68      |      64.3  |      64.3  |      79      |      77       | 

PREVAILING    WINS. 

W|NE|W|N|W|N| 

WIND — MILEB  TRAVKLBD. 
229  I  140  |   93   |  130  I  168  I  149   | 

8TATB   OF   WHATHRR. 

Fair.    ]  Clear.  I  Clear.  |  Clear.  ,  Cloudy  !    Fair.   | 

RATNPALL  IB  TWBMTT-70DR  HOURS. 
'OS     |  |  |  |  |  | 

Total  rain  during  the  season,  from  July  1.  1878.  20. 


55.5 
74.3 


172 
Fair. 


Mining     and    Scientific 
Press  Patent  Agency. 

PATENTS  obtained  promptly;  Caveats  filed  expeditiously 
Patent  re-issues  taken  out;  Assignments  made  and  re- 
corded in  legal  form;  Copies  of  PatentB  and  Assignments 
procured;  Examinations  of  Patents  made  here  and  at 
Washington;  Examinations  made  of  Assignments  re- 
corded in  Washington;  Examinations  ordered  and  re- 
ported by  Telegraph;  Rejected  cases  taken  up  and  Pat- 
ents obtained;  Interferences  Prosecuted;  Opinions  ren- 
dered regarding  the  validity  of  Patents  and  Assign 
ments;  Every  legitimate  branch  of  Patent  Soliciting 
Business  promptly  and  thoroughly  conducted. 

Our  intimate  knowledge  of  the  various  inventions  of  this 
coast,  and  long  practice  in  patent  business,  enable  ub  to 
abundantly  satisfy  our  patrons,  and  our  success  and 
business  are  constantly  increasing. 

The  ablest  and  most  experienced  inventors  are  found 
among  our  most  steadfast  friends  and  patrons,  who  fully 
appreciate  our  advantages  in  bringing  valuable  inven- 
tions to  the  notice  of  the  public  through  the  columns  of 
our  widely  circulated,  first-class  journals— thereby  facil- 
itating their  introduction,  sale  and  popularity. 

DEWEY  &  CO.,  Patent  Agents, 
Office— 202  Sansome  St.,  N.  E.  Cor.  Pine,  S.  F. 


A.  T.  DEWEY. 


W.   B.  BWER. 


G.  H.   STRONG. 


SUMMER  -  FALLOWING  LAND 
FOE  SALE  OR  RENT  upon  the  most 
reasonable  terms — in  subdivisions  of 
from  50  to  1,000  aores.  Climate  healthy. 
Average  rainfall  over  20  inches  annu- 
ally. Crops  sure.  A  diversity  of 
semi-tropical  and  other  fruits,  corn, 
vegetables,  etc,  raised  with  ease. 
Address  for  particulars  EDWARD 
FRISBIE,  proprietor  of  the  Reading 
Ranch,  Anderson,  Shasta  Co.,  Cal. 


tateptji 


OBTAINED  IN  U.  S.  AND  FOREIGN 
COUNTRIES;  trademarks,  labels  and  copy- 
rights registered  through  DEWEY  &  CO. '8 
Mining  and  Scientific  Press  Patent 
Agency.  San  Fra  a  ci  coo.  Bund  for  free  eiroular  f 


(dining  ajid  other  Companies. 


Persons  Interested  In  incorporated  shares 
will  do  well  to  recommend  the  publication 
or  the  official  notices  of  their  companies 
In  this  paper,  as  the  cheapest  appropriate 
medium  for  the  same. 


Griffith    Consolidated    Mill    and    Mining 

Company,— Location  of  principal  place  of  business,  San 
Francisco,    California.     Location    of    works,    Diamond 
Springs  Mining  District,  El  Dorado  Countv.  California, 
NOTICE.  — Thcro  are  delinquent  upon  the  following  de- 
scribed stock  on  account  of  assessment  (No.    1)   levied  on 
thu  21st  day  of  January,    1879,   the  several  amounts  set 
opposite    the  names  of  the   respective  sliaro  hold  era,  as 
follows; 

Names.  No.  of  Cert.      No.  Shares     Amount 

J  H  Brewer 36  50  $10  00 

Warren  Bryant not  issued  2100  420  00 

Alexander  Bryant 87  1125  225  00 

Alexander  Bryant 38  1125  225  00 

L  11  Footo 39  100  20  00 

L  G  Harvey,  Trustee 35  4000  800  00 

J  H  Roberts 19  500  100  00 

J  H  Roborts 20  500  100  00 

J  H  Roberts 21  500  100  00 

J  H  Roberts 22  500  100  00 

J  H  Roberts 20  600  100  00 

J  H  Roberts 27  500  100  00 

.1  H  Roberts 28  500  100  00 

J  H  Roberts 29  600  100  00 

J  H  Roberts 80  500  100  00 

J  H  Roberts 31  500  100  00 

J  II  Roberts 32  600  100  00 

J  H  Roberts S3  500  100  00 

J  H  Roberts 34  600  100  00 

J  H  Roberts 280  200  40  00 

J  H  Roberts 281  200  40  00 

J  H  Roberts 282  200  40  00 

J  H  Roberts 283  200  40  00 

.1  H  Roberts 234  200  40  00 

John  G  Vantine not  issued         4500  900  00 

And  in  accordance  with  law,  and  an  order  of  the  Board 
of  Directors,  made  on  the  21st  day  of  January,  1879,  eo 
many  shares  of  each  parcel  of  such  stock  as  may  be  neces- 
sary, will  be  sold  at  public  auction  at  the  office  of  the 
Company,  No.  330  Pine  street.  Room  48,  San  Francisco, 
California,  on  the  26th  day  of  March,  1S79,  at  the  hour  of 
one  o'clock  p.  u.  of  said  day,  to  pay  said  delinquent  assess- 
ment thereon,  together  with  costs  of  advertising  and  ex- 
penses of  sale.  G.  M.  CONDEE,  Secretary. 
Office,  Room  48,  No.  330  Pine  St.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

POSTPONEMENT.— The  above  sale  has  been  postponed 
until  Saturday,  April  5th,  1879,  at  the  same  hour  and 
place.    By  order  of  the  Board  of  Trustees. 

G.  M.  CONDEE,  Secretary. 

Mount  Jefferson  Milling  and  Mining  Com- 
pany.—Location  of  principal  place  of  business,  San  Fran- 
cisco, California.  Location  of  works,  Garrote  Mining  Dis- 
trict, Tuolumne  County,  California. 

Notice  iB  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Directors 
held  on  the  21st  day  of  March,  1879.  an  assessment  (No.  tj)  of 
five  cents  per  share  was  levied  upon  the  capital  stock  of  the 
corporation,  payable  immediately  in  United  States  gold  coin, 
to  the  Secretary  at  the  office  of  the  Company,  Room  6,  No. 
318  Pine  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Any  stock  upon  which  this  assessment  shall  remain  unpaid 
on  the  2d  day  of  May,  14)79,  will  be  delinquent,  and  adver- 
tised for  sale  at  public  auction;  and  unless  payment  is  made 
before,  will  be  sold  on  TueBday,  the  27th  day  of  May,  1879,  to 
pay  the  delinquent  assessment,  together  with  costs  of  adver- 
tising and  expenses  of  6ale. 

R.  N.  VAN  BRUNT,  Secretary. 
Office,  Room  6,  No.  318  Pine  Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Summit    Mining  Company.— Location  of 

Principal  place  of  business,  San  Francisco,  California. 

Location    of    works.  Mineral  Point  Mining    District, 

Plumas  County,  CaL 

Notice. — There  are  delinquent  upon  the  following  de- 
scribed stock,  on  account  of  assessment  (No.  7,)  levied  on 
the  4th  day  of  February,  A.  D-,  1879,  the  several  amounts 
set  opposite  the  names  of  the  respective  shareholders,  as 
follows: 

Names.  No.  Certificate.  No.  Shares.  Amount. 

Dyers,  W  T 38  700  35  00 

Edwards,  J  E 39  700  35  00 

Gautier,  Gustavo 156  200  10  00 

Kellogg,  H  W 46  1000  50  00 

Lehmann,  C,  Trustee 206  200  10  00 

Lebmann,  C,  Trustee 207  200  10  00 

Turner,  J  W 65  200  10  00 

Thompson,  R 24  1200  60  00 

And  in  accordance  with  law,  and  an  order  of  the  Board  of 
Directors,  made  on  the  Fourth  day  of  February,  A.  D., 
1879,  so  many  shares  of  each  parcel  of  such  stock  as  may 
be  necessary,  will  be  sold  at  public  auction,  at  the  office 
of  the  company,  No.  318  Pine  street,  Room  6,  San  Fran- 
cisco, California,  on  Tuesday,  the  Eighth  day  of  April, 
A.  D. ,  1879,  at  the  hour  of  three  o'clock  p.  m.,  of  6aid 
day,  to  pay  said  delinquent  assessment  thereon,  together 
with  costs  of  advertising  and  expenses  of  the  sale, 

R.  N.  VAN  BRUNT,  Sec'y. 

Office,  Room  6,  No.  318  Pine  Street,  San  Francisco,  CaL 

POSTPONEMENT.—The  Bale  of  delinquent  stock  of  the 
above  named  Company  iB  hereby  postponed  until  Tues- 
day, the  Sixth  day  of  May,  1879,  at  the  same  hour  and 
place.     By  order  of  the  Board  of  Directors. 

R.  N.  VAN  BRUNT,  Secretary. 

Office,  Room  6,  No.  318  Pine  Btreet,  San  Francisco. 

The  California  and  Oregon  Land  Company. 

—Location  of  principal  place  of  business,  San  Francisco, 
California.  Location  of  Works,  State  of  Oregon. 
Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Directors,  held  on  the  First  day  of  March,  A.  D.,  1879,  an 
assessment  (No.  2)  of  Forty  Cents  per  share  was  levied  upon 
the  capital  stock  of  the  corporation,  payable  immediately  in 
United  States  gold  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at  the  office  of  the 


Comrany,  318  Pine  stre*t.  Room  6,  San  Frandsco.  California. 

Any  stock  upon  which  this  a«*ossriicnt  shall  remain  unpaid 
on  the  10th  day  of  April,  1879,  will  K-  .U-liiuiiu-ot,  and  ad- 
vurtised  for  sale  at  public  auction  ;  and  unless  payment  [■ 
made  before  will  be  sold  on  Saturday,  the  Tenth  day  of  May, 
1879.  to  pay  the  delinquent  aiuiftament.  BOgnbsK  « irb 
costs  of  odvcrtiMlng  aud  ohm  Dot  ;•  ■!  tall  By  order  of  the 
Board  of  Director*.  R    N     VAN  BRUNT,  Secretary- 

Office.  318  Pine  Street,  Room  6.  San  Francisco,   California. 


Union   Stone   Company.— The  Regular 

Annual  meeting  of  the  Union  Stone  Company  of  Califor- 
nia for  an  election  of  a  Boun1  <>i  Directors  (to  act  as  Trus- 
tees) to  serve  the  Company  for  the  ensuing  year,  and  for 
such  other  business  as  may  property  oomfl  before  the 
meeting,  will  be  held  at  the  office  of  the  Secretary  of  the 
Company  at  237  First  Street,  San  Fmndsoo,  California, 
on  Tuesday,  April  Slh,  1870,  at  11  o'clock  a.  m. 

H    F.  KNOX,  Secretary. 
Snn  Francisco,  March  20th,  1879. 


STEVEN  OT'S 

Fine  Gold  Amalgamator. 

Adapted  for  Ores,  Tailings,  Slimes,  Etc. 

Unequaled  for  Cheapness,  Liffhtness  and 
Practical  Results. 


No  mechanism  required  to  run  it.  Worked  entirely  by 
pressure  of  water  throwing  the  ore  forcibly  on  to  aud 
through  a  body  of  mercury. 

E.  K.  STEVENOT, 

Chemist    and    Mining    Engineer, 

304  Montgomery  St.,  San  Francisco. 

REPORTS  HADE  ON  MINES.  Quartz  Mills,  and 
Works  of  every  description  started. 


GARDNERS' 


Celebrated 


Governor 


These  Steam  Governors  have   long 
been  known  as  THE  BEST,  and 
as  lately  Improved  and  Per- 
fected, they  have  no  Rival. 

THE    SAFETY    STOP 

On  these  Governors  is  alone  worth  double  the  price  of 
the  Governor.     We  have  sold  over  six  hundred,  and 

Never  one  has  Failed. 

They  are  sold  at  the  same  price  (or  less)  as  ordinary 
Governors.    Send  for  Circular. 

BERRY  &   PLACE, 

Market,  head  of  Front  St.,  San  Francisco 

OFFICE   TO   LET. 

Inquire  of  DEWEY  &  CO.,  No.  202    Sanaome    Street 
San  Francisco. 


Watsonville,  July  29tb,  1878, 
Messrs.  Dbwet  &  Co. — Gents: — I  was  not  expecting  my 
patent  so  Boon.    You  certainly  kept,  your  word  when  you 
said  no  time  would  be  lost.     I  remain,  youratruly, 

W.  T.  Easterday. 


PATENT 


Prevents  Lead  Poisoning 
and  Salivation, 


INVALUABLE  to  those  engaged  in  Dry  Crushing' 
Quartz  Mills,  Quicksilver  Mines,  Guano 
Works,  White  Lead  Corroding1,  Feeding- 
Threshing  Machines  and  all  occupations  where  the 
surrounding  atmosphere  is  filled  with  dust,  obnoxious 
smells  or  poisonous  vapors.  The  Respirators  are  sold 
subject  to  approval  after  trial,  and  if  not  satisfactory  the 
price  will  b«  refunded.  Price  $3  each,  or  $30  per 
dozen.    Sent  post-paid  to  any  address  upon  receipt  of  price 

SETH  MARSHALL,  Jr.,  Agent, 

309   California  Street,   San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Send  for  Descriptive  Circulars  containing  testimonials 
of  well-known  parties  who  are  at  present  using  them. 


A.  S.  HALLIDIE. 

.nia^Street, 


Office,  No.  6  Ca 


Iron  and  Steel  Wire  Rope, 

Flat  and  Round,  for  Minings/tipping, 
Hoisting  and  Gjfmqnytrposes. 

c  Jrffpleto  Jusaexttman 
thcMjnited  States.  I  am 
tore  WiraHope  and  Cabla 
of  annjength  or  sub  at  short  notice,  and  gear* 
■ntee  tha  quality  and  workmanship  equal  to 
iny  mads  at  home  or  abrgadr"V 

Iron,  Sfeel-a^GavaJlized  Wire 

Of  oil  fetes  on.  ri3r>\or-iuade  to  order. 

BarljethTence 

Sola  Ecoprie 

Hallidie^  Y^^^K^Nliejjgway, 

FrfthJn^tfaupo JatleVor  Orea.  EtcV 
<VSenow>r  aHXrcnW. 

A.  S.  HAIXIDIE. 

Office,  Ha  e  California  St.  San  Erancaott 


W.   T.   GARRATT'S 

BRASS  and  BELL  FOUNDRY 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 

MANUFACTURER  AND  IMPORTER  OF 

Church  and  Steamboat  BELLS  and  GONGS 
BRASS  CASTINGS  of  all  kinds, 
WATER  GATES,   GAS  GATES, 
FIRE  HYDRANTS, 

DOCK  HYDRANTS, 

GARDEN  HYDRANTS 

General  Assortment   ol   Engineers'  Findings, 
Hooker's    Patent 
Celebrated 

STEAM  PUMP 

.t^The  Best  and  Most 
Durable  in  use.  Also, 
a  variety  of  other 


For  Mining  and  Farm- 
infr  Purposes. 

ROOT'S#BLAST  BLOWERS, 

For  Ventilating  Mines  and  for  Smelting  Works. 

HYDRAULIC    PIPES    AND    NOZZLES, 

For  Mining  Purposes. 

Garratt's    Improved    Journal    Metal. 

IMPORTER  OP 

IRON  PIPE  AND  MALLEABLE    IRON    FITTINGS. 

ALL  KIKB8  OP 

WORK  AND  COMPOSITION  NAILS. 

AT  LOWEST  RATES. 


N.    W.    SPAULDING'S 


PATENT   DETACHABLE   TOOTH    SAWS, 

Manfuactory.  17  &  19  Fremont  St.,  S.  F. 


PACIFIC    POWER    CO. 

Hoom  with  steam  power  to  let  in  the 
Pacific  Power  Co.  's  new  brick  building, 
Stevenson  street,  near  Market.  Eleva- 
tor in  building.  Apply  at  the  Com- 
pany's office,  202  Sansome  St.,  room  7. 


^Mining 

■ForSale*^ 


jForSale  i 

I^Berry&Place 

At  the  Old  Stand,  Market,  head  of  Front  Street,  S.fF. 


RARE    CHANCE. 

For  sale  or  to  lease,  a  two-thirds  interest  in  a  good  pay 
ing-  countryjiewspaper.    Address  "Liberal,"  this  office 


222 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[April  5,   1879. 


Ifop  and  lillachipe  iNorto. 


THOS.  PENDERGAST.  HENRY  S.  SMITH. 

^ETNA   IRON    WORKS, 

MANUFACTURERS  OF 

IRON  CASTINGS 

and      MACHINERY 

OF  ALL  KINDS. 

Fremont  Street,  Bet.  Howard  and  Polsom, 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 


SACRAMENTO  BOILER   WORKS, 

214  &  216  BBALB  St.,  (rear  of  jEtna  Foundry) 

J.  V.  HALL, 

PRACTICAL    BOILER    MAKER, 

Marine,  Stationary  and  Portable  Boilers,  Smoke  Stacks, 

Hydraulic  Pipe,  Oil  or  Water  Tanks,    Ore  and 

Water  Buckets,  Gasometers,  Girders,  Bridges 

and   Iron   Ship   Building. 

ALL    KINDS    OF   SHEET    IRON    WORK. 

Repairing:   promptly   attended   to    at   the 
lowest   possible   terms. 

UNION  IRON  WORKS, 

SACRAMENTO,    CAL. 
ROOT,    NBILSON    &    CO., 

MANUFACTURERS  OF 

STEAM    ENGINES,  BOILERS   AND    ALL 

Kinds  of  Machinery  for  Mining  Purposes. 

Flouring  Mills',  Saw  Mills'  and  Quartz  Mills'  Machinery 

constructed,  fitted  up  and  repaired. 

Front  Street,  Between  N  and  O  Streets, 

SACRAMENTO,     OAL. 


PHELPS 

MANUFACTURING    COMPANY, 

Manufacturers  of  all  kinds  of 

Wharf  and  Bridge  Bolts,   Railroad  Trestle 

Work,   Car  Frames  and  Bolts,  Machine 

Bolts,   Set  Screws    and   Tap  Bolts, 

Lag    or    Coach    Screws. 

ALL  STYLES   OF  FANCY  HEAD  BOLTS. 

HOT  AND  COLD  PRESSED  HEXAGONAL  AND 

SQUARE  NUTS,  WASHERS,  •BOLT  ENDS, 

TURNBUCKLES,  ETC.,  ETC. 

13, 15  and  17  Drumm  St.,  near  California, 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 


Golden  State  &  Miners  Iron  Works, 

Manufacture  Iron  Castings  and  Machinery 
of  all  Kinds  at  Greatly  Reduced  Rates. 

STEVENSON'S  PATENT 

Mold-Board  AMALGAMATORS, 
Golden  State  Pressure  Blowers. 

First  St..  between  Howard  &  Folsom,  S.  F. 


Wh.  H.  Birch.  John  Argall. 

California    Machine   Works, 
BIROH,    ARGALL    &.    CO., 

119  Beale  Street,  San  Francisco. 

jt3TGeneral  Mechanical  Engineers  and  Machinists. 
Steam  Engines,  Flour,  Quartz  and  Mining  Machinery. 
Sole  manufacturers  of  Brodie's  Patent  Rock  Crushers  and 
Steel-Faced  Tappits.  Steam,  Hydraulic  and  Sidewalk 
Elevators,     Repairing  promptly  attended  to. 


California    Brass    Foundry, 

No,  125  First  Street,  Opposite  Minna. 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 

All  kinds  of  Brass,  Composition,  Zinc,  and  Babbitt 
Metal  Castings,  Brass  Ship  Work  of  all  kinds,  Spikes, 
sheathing  Nails,  Rudder  Braces,  Hinges,  Ship  and  Steam- 
boat Belle  and  Gongs  of  superior  tone.  All  kinds  of  Cocks 
and  Valves,  Hydraulic  Pipes  and  Nozzles,  and  Hose  Coup- 
lings and  Connections  of  all  sizes  and  patterns,  furnished 
with  dispatch.  q®,PRICES  MODERATE.-®* 

J.  H.  WEED.  V.  KINGWELL. 


STEAM  ENGINES  AND  BOILERS 

Of  all  sizes— from  2  to  60-Horse  power.  Also,  Quartz 
Mills,  Mining  Pumps,  Hoisting  Machinery,  Shafting,  Iron 
Tanks,  etc.     For  sale  at  the  lowest  prices  by 

J.    HENDY,  49  and  61  Fremont  Street,  S.  F. 


THOMAS  THOMPSON. 


THORNTON  THOMPSON. 


THOMPSON    BROTHERS, 

EUREKA    FOUNDRY, 

129  and  131  Eeate  St.,  between  Mission  and  Howard,  S,  F 

MANUFACTURKRB  OF  CASTINGS  OF  EVERY  DESCRIPTION. 


WIND  MILL 


One  of  the  best  made  in  this  State 
•  for  sale  cheap  on  easy  terrhs.    Ad- 
dress, W.  T.  care  of  Dewey  &  Co.,  S.  F. 


GEORGE  W.  PRESCOTT. 


IRVING  M.  SCOTT. 


H.  T.  SCOTT. 


Union    Iron   W,orks. 

Office,  61  First  St.  |  Cor.  First  &  Mission  Sts.,  S.  F.  |  p.   0.   Box,  2128. 


BUILDERS    OP 


Steam,    Air   and    Hydraulic    Machinery. 

Home  Industry.— All  Work  Tested  and  Guaranteed. 

Vertical  Engines, 
Horizontal  Engines, 
Automatic  Cut-off  Engines, 
Compound  Condensing  Engines, 
Shafting, 

TRY    OUR    MAKE,  CHEAPEST    AND    BEST    IN    USE. 
Send  for  Late  Circulars.  PRESCOTT,  SCOTT  &  CO. 


Baby  Hoists, 

Stamps, 

Ventilating  Fans, 

Pans, 

Rock  Breakers, 

Settlers, 

Self-Feedehs, 

Retorts, 

Pulleys, 

Etc.,  Etc 

^W  i  1 1  i  a  111      H  awkins, 

Successor  to 

S-ATW^ECIILSrS  3c  Cj^ZLSTTIE^IEIILIL,, 
MACHINE      WO  R  KS, 

210  and  212  Beale  Street,  bet.  Howard  and  Folsom  Sts.,    -    -    San  Francisco. 

Manufacturers    of 

IMPROVED    PORTABLE    HOISTING    ENGINES, 

For  Mining  and   Other   Purposes. 

Steam  Engines  and  all  Kinds  of  Mill  and  Mining  Machinery. 


Pacific  Rolling  Mill  Co., 

SAN    FRANCISCO,    CAL. 

MANUFACTURERS    OF 

RAILROAD  AND    MERCHANT  IRON, 

ROLLED  BEAMS,  ANGLE,  CHANNEL  AND  T  IRON,  BRIDGE  AND  MACHINE  BOLTS,  LAG  SCREWS,  NUTS 
WASHERS,  ETC.,  STEAMBOAT    SHAFTS,  CRANKS,  PISTONS,  CONNECTING    RODS,  ETC.,  ETC. 

Car  and  Locomotive  Axles  and  Frames,  and  Hammered  Iron  of  Every  Description. 

HIGHEST    PRICE    PAID    FOR    SCRAP    IRON. 

43-  Orders  Solicited  and  Promptly  Executed.  Office,  No.  16  FIBST  STREET. 


Fill  ton    Iron    Works. 

Hinckley,  Spiers  &  Hayes. 


(ESTABLISHED   IN   1855.) 


Works,  Fremont  and  Howard  Sts.  |  San  Francisco,  Cal.  |  Office,  No.  213  Fremont  St. 


MANUFACTURERS    OF 


Marine  Engines  and  Boilers, 

Propeller  Engines  either  High  Pressure  or  Com- 
pound Stern  or  Side  Wheel  Engines. 

Mining   Machinery. 

Hoisting  Engines  and  Works,  Cages,  Ore  Buckets,  Ore 
Cars,  Pumping  Engines  and  Pumps,  Water  Buckets, 
Pump  Columns,  Air  Compressors,  Air  Receivers, 
Air   Pipes. 


Pans,  Settlers,  Furnaces,  Retorts,  Concentrators,  Ore 
Feeders,  Rock  Breakers,  Furnaces  for  Reducing  Ores 
Water  Jackets,  Etc. 


Sugar  Machinery. 


Crushing  Rolls,  Clariflers,  Vacuum  Pans,  Air  Pumps, 
Concentrators,  Bag  Filters,  Charcoal  Filters,  Blow-up 
Tanks,  Coolers  and  Receiving  Tanks. 


Miscellaneous   Machinery. 


Mill- Machinery. 

Batteries  for  Dry  or     Wet  Crushing,     Amalgamating 

FnninAQ     anfl     RflllpPQ   °'a^  kinds,  either  for  use  on  Steamboats  and  made  in  accordance  with  the 
CliyillCo    dJlU     DUIICl  o  Act  of  Congress  regulating  the  same,  or  for  use  on  land.  Water  Pipe,  Pomp 


Flour  Mil!  Machinery,  Saw  Mill  Engines  and  Boilers, 
Dredging  Machinery,  Oil  Well  Retorts,  Powder  Mill  Ma- 
chinery, Water  Wheels. 


or  Air  Column,  Fish  Tanks  for  Salmon  Canneries  of  every  description. 
Boiler  repairs  promptly  attended  to  and  at  very  moderate  rates. 


PACIFIC    IRON    WORKS, 

First  and  Fremont  Streets,  between  Mission  and  Howard,  San   Francisco,  Cal., 
RANKIN,    BRAYTON    &    CO., 

Manufacturers    of 

ENGINES,  BOILERS,   MARINE   AND    STATIONARY.      PUMPING,   HOISTING,  AND    MINING   MACHINERY 

INCLUDING  BATTERIES,  AMALGAMATING  PANS  AND  SETTLERS,  CONCENTRATORS,  ORE  FEEDERS, 

CRUSHING  ROLLS  AND  ROCK  BREAKERT.    ALSO,  WATER  JACKET  SMELTING  FURNACES, 

FOR  REDUCING  LEAD,  SILVER   AND    COPPER   ORES,  QUICKSILVER   FURNACES, 

RETORTS  AND  CONDENSERS,  ROASTING  AND  CHLORIDIZING  FURNACES, 

SUGAR   MILL   MACHINERY,  WATER   WHEELS,  Eto.,  ALL    OF   THE 

LATEST  AND  MOST  IMPROVED  CONSTRUCTION. 

Agents  for  the  Allen  Engine  Governor,  Bailey  Air  Compressor,  Howell's 
Improved  "White  Furnaces,  "Walker's  Compound  Steam  Pumps,  Etc. 


Western  Iron  Works, 

316     and     318     Mission     Street,     San     Francisco, 

PERRY  EDWARDS,  Prop'r. 

Manufacturer  of  Wrought  Iron  Girders,  Trusses,   Prison   Cells,  Iron  Roofs,  Crest 

Railings,  Finials,  Fences,  Weathervanes,  Gratings,  Iron  Work  for  Models,  Etc. 

Nickel  Plated  Railings.        Bank  and  Store  Fittings,       Estimates  given  and  Iron  Work  furnished  for  Buildings. 


Take  the  Paper  that  stands  by  your  in- 
terests. 


Dewey  &  Co{28°02mes|?;}Patent  Ag'ts 


12  fr[l  SIZE 


Ji  0  - 
a     6xi2 

£  I    7x12 
SI    8x12 
9x14 
10x14 


Market,  head  of  Front  Street,  San  Francisco. 


California  lnventors?3S 

ican  and  Foreign  Patent  Solicitors.  Established  In 
1SC0.  Their  long  experience  as  journalists  and  large  prac- 
tice as  patent  attorneys  enables  them  to  offer  Pacific  Coast 
inventors  far  better  service  than  they  can  obtain  else- 
where. Send  for  free  circulars  of  information.  Olfice  of 
the  Mining  and  Scientific  Press  and  Pacific  Rchal 
Press,  No.  202  Sansome  St,,  San  Francisco. 


Corner  Beale  and  Howard  Sts., 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 

VV.  H.  TAYLOR,  Pres't.  JOSEPH  MOORE,  Sup't. 

Builders  of  Steam  Machinery 

In  all  its  Branches, 

Steamboat,  Steamship,  Land 

Engines  and  Boilers, 

HIGH  PRESSURE  OR  COMPOUND. 

STEAM  VESSELS,  of  all  kinds,  built  complete  with 

Hulls  of  Wood,  Iron  or  Composite. 
ORDINARY    ENGINES    compounded    when   ad- 

visable. 
STEAM  LAUNCHES,  Barges  and  Steam  Tugs  con- 
structed with  reference  to  the  Trade  in  which  they  are 

to  be  employed.    Speed,  tonnage  and  draft  of  water 

guaranteed. 
STEAM    BOILERS.    Particular  attention  given  to 

the  quality  of  the  material  and  workmanship,  and  none 

but  first-class  work  produced. 
SUGAR     MILLS     AND     SUGAR-MAKING 

MACHINERY  made  after  the  most  approved  planB. 

Also,  all  Boiler  Iron  Work  connected  therewith. 
WATER  PIPE,  of  Boiler  or  Sheet  Iron,   of  any  size 

made  in  suitable  lengths  for  connecting  together, 

sheets  rolled,  punched,  and  packed  for  shipment  ready 

to  be  riveted  on  the  ground. 
HYDRAULIC    RIVETING.      Boiler    Work    and 

Water  Pipe  made  by  this  establishment,    riveted  by 

Hydraulic   Riveting  Machinery,    that  quality  of  work 

being  far  superior  to  hand  work. 
SHIP  "WORK.    Ship    and    Steam  Copstains,  Steam 

Winches,  Air  and  Circulating  Pumps,  made  after  the 

most  approved  plans. 
PUMPS.     Direct  Acting  Pumps,  for   Irrigation   or  City 

Water  Works  purposes,  built  with  the  celebrated  Davy 

Valve  Motion,  superior  to  any  other  Pump. 


Electric  Model  &  Machine  Works 

Inventors  and    others  can  pret  First-Class 
Work  at  Moderate  Prices. 

After  10  years  experience  with  inventions  and  other 
mechanical  work,  I  am  fully  prepared  to  execute  draw- 
ings, working-models  and  flue  machinery  of  any  descrip- 
tion to  entire  satisfaction. 

Brass  Finishing,  Pattern  Making,  Gear  Cutting,  Tele- 
graphic and  other  Electrical  Apparatus  by  competent 
workmen. 

TELEPHONES    TO    ORDER. 
F.  W.  FULLER,  415  Market  Street,  San  Francisco, 


Main    Street    Iron    Works, 

WM.    DEACON,    PROPRIETOR. 

Nos.  131, 133  &  136  Main  St.,  San  Francisco. 

Siaiionary  and  Marine  Engines, 

Shafting,  Pulleys,  and  General  Machine  Work.  Jobbing 
and  repairing  done  Promptly  and  at  Lowest  Ratea, 
Screw  Propellors,  Propellor  and  Steamboat  Engines. 

SAW  MILLS  and  SAW  MILL  MACHINERY. 


Diamond    Drill    Co. 

The  undersigned,  owners  of  LESCHOT'S  PATENT 
for  DIAMOND  POINTED  DRILLS,  now  brought  to  the 
highest  state  of  perfection,  are  prepared  to  fill  orders 
for  the  IMPROVED  PROSPECTING  AND  TUNNELING 
DRILLS,  with  or  without  power,  at  short  notice,  and 
at  reduced  prices.  Abundant  testimony  furnished  of 
the  great  economy  and  successful  working  of  numerous 
machines  in  operation  in  the  quartz  and  gravel  mines 
on  this  coast.  Circulars  forwarded,  and  full  infor- 
mation given  upon  application. 

A.  J.  SEVERANCE  &  CO. 
Office,  No.  320  Sansome  street.  Room  10. 


GOLD    MINE    WANTED. 

One  now  paying  more  than  expenses.    Addres 

W.    S.    KBYBS,    M.    B., 
No.  310  Pine  St.,  Room  42,   San  Francisco 


April  5,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


223 


A.  L.  FISH  &  CO.,  9  and  1 1  First  St.,  S.  F.,  Cal. 


jli:r,  compressors 

AND 

-Air   Colnmn, 

Steam 
PUMPS, 

AND 

Pump  Column, 
STEAM 

Fire  Engines 

AND 

Hose  r Carts. 


BACON'S  HOISTING   ENGINE. 

EpecUlly  adapted  to  use   in   Mines,    Hotels,  Furtciriea  and 
Steaoisliips,  with  BACON'S  SAFETY  STOP. 


LATHES,  ZPL^ZLnTIES, 
ROCK  DRILLS,  Etc. 

STEAM     HAMMERS, 

ENGINE 

Governors, 

WINE, 
CIDER, 


AND 

UNION    ROCK    DRILL. 

Wo  guarantee  to  raise  Water  with  these  Pumps  1,000  feet,        Lard    PlGSSGSi     We  .iffer  this  M  the  Least  Complicated  and  M.jst 
single  lift,  without  shock  or  jar  on  Pumpsor  Pipes.  Durable  Rock  Drill  yet  Introduced. 


ENGINES,    BOILERS,    QUARTZ    MILLS,    SAW    MILLS,    Ac,    Ac, 


RUSSELL'S  AMALGAMATOR. 


Patented  June  25th,   1878. 


SAYE    ITOTTIR,    GJOXjID 
And    Also    SAVE    YOUR    QUICKSILVER. 

The  above  Washer  and  Amalgamator  with  new  patent  Wire  Bridffe  Quicksilver  Boxes  attached,  can  be  worked 
wet  or  dry,  either  by  hand,  steam,  horse  or  water  power,  and  is  easily  taken  apart  and  packed.  For  washing  Pulp, 
Earth,  Gravel,  Mill  Tailings  or  Black  Sand,  it  is  without  a  rival. 

Has  been  Thoroughly  Tested  and  given  Complete  Satisfaction. 


The  entire  Lining,  Hanging  Plates,  Riffles  and  Boxes  Amalgamated 

IS    GUARANTEED    TO   SAVE    THE    FINEST    OR     FLOAT    GOLD. 

Capacity,  30  to  60  tons  per  day,  according  to  size.     For  further  particulars  apply  to 

J.  MORIZIO,  Gen'l  Agt.. 

Room  24,  Safe  DepoBit  Building,  Corner  Montgomery  and  California  Streets,    SAN  FRANCISCO. 


SANDERSON  BROS.  &  CO.'S 

Best  Refined.  Cast-Steel. 

Warranted  Most  Superior  for  Drills,  Hammers,  Etc. 

A  full  and    complete  stock   of  this   reliable  and  well-known 
brand  of  Steel,  for  mining  and  other  uses,  now  in  stock  and  for  sale 

At  No.  417  Market  St.,  S.  F.,   -   H.  D.  Morris,  Agent. 


THE  SAFETY  POWDER  COMPANY, 

San.  Francisco,  Cal. 


CARTRIDGE. 


GEN.  W.  S.  R0SECRANS, 
President. 


Safety  Cap  and  Fuse. 


COL.  SAM'L  0.  GREGORY, 
Secretary. 


Fuse  Lighter  and  Fupe. 


Electric  Cap. 


Safety  Powder,  Caps,  Electric  Caps,  and  Fuse  Lighters. 

Under  a  series  of  U.  S.  Patents,  after  long  and  carefully  conducted  experiments  and  thou- 
sands of  tests,  this  Company  is  prepared  to  manufacture  and  supply,  for  Mining  and  Engineering 
Works,  the  above  named  articles  at  prices  and  on  terms  as  favorable  as  articles  of  similar  grades 
are  now  supplied  in  this  market.  Our  Powders  contain  no  Nitro-glyceriue,  no  Nitroline,  no  Gun 
Cotton,  no  Fulminates,  and  are  free  from  the  unavoidable  dangers  in  manufacturing1 
transporting,  handling  and  using  of  all  high  grade  explosives  which  contain  those  elements. 

Cold  does  not  affect  them.  They  ciuse  no  headaches  or  other  inconveniences  in  handling, 
and  the  smoke  from  their  explosion  contains  no  poisoning  or  sickening  vapors. 

Their  blasting  force,  with  slight  tamping,  at  least  equals  that  of  any  Powders  now  used,  but 
they  admit  and  require  strong  tamping  to  bring  out  their  immense  and  peculiar  lifting  power 
which  follows  their   detonating  work.     They  should  be  tired,  therefore,  by  our 

Safety   Cap, 

Which  allows  tamping  without  danger.  They  can  be  fired  by  any  caps  now  employed  in  blasting, 
bat  the  use  of  these  is  always  dangerous  with  any  Powder,  and  the  loss  of  the  throwing  fpower 
resulting  from  lack  of  tamping  renders  it  with  our  Powders  doubly  objectionable. 

Our  SAFETY  CAPS  have  twice  or  thrice  the  force  of  triple  Giant  Caps.  When  set  on  fire 
they  do   not  explode,  but  merely  burn  off,  and  are  perfectly  safe  in  transporting  and  in  tamping. 

In  round  tin  boxes,  50  cents. 

The  Safety   Fuse   Lighter, 

Cheap,  handy  and  sure  to  light  the  Fuse  upon  the  end  of  which  it  is  fastened,  only  needs  a  trial 
to  be  appreciated  by  every  miner  who  isup  to  "snuffs."    25  Cents  per  box;  sent  by  mail. 

Safety   Fuse, 

Equal  to  the  best  in  the  market,  will  be  supplied  at  the  lowest  market  prices. 


San   Francisco   Pioneer   Screen   Works, 

J.  W.  QUICK,  Manufacturer, 


mm 


Several  Arab  premiums  received 
for  Quartz  Mill  Screens,  and  Per- 
forated Sheet  Metals  of  every 
description.  1  would  call  special 
attention  to  my  SLOT  OUT  and 
SLOT  PUNCHED  SCREENS, 
which  are  attracting  much  at- 
tention and  giving  universal 
i  satisfaction.  This  is  the  only 
|  establishment  on  the  coast  de- 
voted exclusively  to  the  manufac- 
ture of  Screens.  Mill  owners  using  Battery  Screens  exten- 
sively can  contract  for  large  supplies  at  favorable  rates. 
Orders  solicited  and  promptly  attended  to. 

32  Fremont  Street,  San  Francisco. * 

Prompt  and  Successful. —J/mTS.  Dewey  &  Co:— Gei 
tlemen:  YourCircular  letter,  12th  inst.,  informing- me  of 
Buccessful  termination  of  my  applicatiou  for  patent  re- 
ceived. Please  accept  thanks  for  the  prompt  and  suc- 
cessful manner  in  which  you  have  managed  this  business 
Yours  respectfully,  L  J.  H.  Cavanauoh 

Walla  Walla,  Dee,  24th. 


THE     AMERICAN 


A1J  sizes, 

and  adapted  to 

from 

3  to  500 

feet  head 


TURBI2TE 


Water  Wheels 

THE  BEST  IN  THE 
WORLD  ! 


Send  for  our  Circular 
and  Prices. 

BERRY  &  PLACE. 

fMarket  St.,  Head  of  Front, 

San  Francisco. 


In  consequeitce  of  spurious  imitations  of 

LEA    AND    PERRINS'    SAUCE, 

which  are  calculated  to  deceive  the  Public,  Lea  and  Perritn 
have  adopted  A  NE  W  LABEL,  bearing  their  Signature, 
thus, 


dceasC&Lr. 


-which  is  placed  on  every  bottle  of  WORCESTERSHIRE 
SA  UCE,  and  -without  which  none  is  genuine. 

Ask  for  LEA  6»  PERRINS'  Sauce,  and  see  Name  on  Wrapper,  Label,  Bottle  and  Stopper. 
Wholesale  and  for  Export  by  the  Proprietors,  Worcester;  Crosse  and  Blackwell,  London, 
cVc,  &c. ;  and  by  Grocers  and  Oilmen  throughout  the  World. 

To  be  obtains!  of  CROSS  as  CO..  San  Francisco. 


224 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[April  5,   1879. 


BURLEIGH   ROCK   DRILL,       n,-"-'x>- 

Does  more  work  at  Less  Cost  And 

THAN  ANY  OTHER  ROCK  DRILL.  LADDER 

FIRE  ENGINES,        Tri,c,t8, 
Babcock  Chemical  Engines, 

Hose  Carts  and  Fire  Extinguishers. 


Mining    Machinery    Depot, 

PARKE  &  LACY,  417  Market  St. 

AIR  COMPRESSORS  and  ROCK  DRILLS. 

HOISTING    EHGHSTBS,    . 

ALL  SIZES,  DOUBLE  AND  SINGLE,  WITH  SINGLE  and  DOUBLE  REELS. 

Pressure  Blowers.     Diamond  Anti-Friction  Metal.     Flexible  Shafts. 

PUMP 

And 

AIR 

COLUMN. 

Putnam's   Wood-Working    Machinery. 


Centrifugal  Pumps  for  Irrigating.      burleigh  air   compressor 


Gives  Better  Results  than  any 
Compressor  Known. 


DEANE'S     STEAM      PUMPS, 


VERTICAL     AND     HORIZONTAL,. 


MACHINISTS'   TOOLS. 

Lathe  Chucks.     Farmers'  Battery, 

HILL'S    EXPLODERS. 
SEND    FOR  CIRCULARS. 


Dunham,  Carrigan  &  Co., 

Nos.  107, 109  &  111  Front  Street,  S.  F. 


Lathe    Without    Saw    Attachments. 


£.0   "   3 


:s» 


-Sjs 

*-.  a  2  3 

S   g~J=i   O 


,2    C    (j£ 


■a   :?  p 


w,  S*  S* 
o    p    g- 

?     g     3 


^3 


f  a^53 


Price  of  Lathe  without  Saw  Attachments §45.        Price  of  Lathe  with  Scroll  Saw  Attachment .$55. 

Price  of  Lathe  with  hoth  Scroll  and  Circular  Saws,  §70.  kicked 

T?riJLixi.-|D    Drill    OIxxxoIslJ 

Chuck,  for  drills  J  and  under. 

Price §1.50 

■  Chuck,  for  drills  £  and  under. 

Price §2.25 

They  are  made  on  solid  steel 
pi  ujr,  centered  and  readily  fitted 
to  Lathe  or  Drill  Press. 

SEND  FOR  CIRCULAR. 


MANUFACTURED  UNDER  A.    NOBEL'S  ORIGINAL  AND  ONLY  VALID  NITRO -GLYCERINE  PATENTS 

Nos.  ONE,    TWO    and    THREE. 

Stronger,    Better  and   Safer  than  any  other  High   Explosive. 

«Padson    PowcLer 

IS  NOW  USED  IN  ALL  LARGE  HYDRAULIC  CLAIMS. 

It  breaks  more  ground,  pulverizes  it  better,  saves  time  and  money,  and  is    superseding'    the   ordinary- 
powder  wherever  it  is  tried.    jtSTTriple  Force  Caps -and  all  Grades  of  Fuse. 

BANDMANN,    NIELSEN    &    CO..  San  Francisco. 


THE  CALIFORNIA  POWDER  WORKS. 


MANUFACTURERS  OF 


Sporting,  Cannon,  Mining,  Blasting  and 

HERCULES  POWDER 

HERCULES  POWDER  will  break  more  rock,  is  stronger,  safer  and  better  than  any  other 
Explosive  in  use,  and  is  the  only  Nitro-Glycerine  Powder  chemically  compounded  to  neutralize 
the  poisonous  fumes,  notwithstanding  bombastic  and  pretentious  claims  by  others. 

It  deriveB  its  name  from  Hercoles,  the  most  famous  hero  of  Greek  Mythology,  who.was  gifted  with  superhuman 

strength.    On  one  occasion  he  slew  several  giants  who  opposed  him,  and  with  one  blow  of 

his  club  broke  a  high  mountain  from  summit  to  base. 


No.  1  (XX)  is  the  Strongest  Explosive  Known. 
No.  2  is  superior  to  any  powder  of  that  grade, 

PATENTED  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE. 

ORDERS  RECEIVED  FOR  HERCULES  CAPS  AND  FUSE. 
JOHN  F.  LOHSE,  SECY. 

Office,  No.  230  California  Street,  -  -  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


EVERY   MILLMAN    WANTS   ONE! 


A  new  Instrument  for  cutting  Lace  Leather  to  any  desired  width,  up  to  J  inch.  Every  man  who  has  ever  had 
occasion  to  cut  a  lace  will  appreciate  the  value  of  it  at  once.  It  will  Bave  the  price  of  itself  m  cutting  up  one  side  of 
lacing,  beside  the  loss  of  time.     Sent  by  mail.    Price,  50  CentB.    Address  all  orders  to 

BERRY  &  PLACE,  Machinery  Dealers.  San  Francisco. 


VULCAN  DLASTING  POWDER. 


The  strongest  and 
most  economical  ex- 
plosive in  use. 


Wherever  it  has  been  given  a  test,  it  has  surpassed  all  other  high  explosives. 


VA/nnb-c  a*    SAN  PABLO,  California, 
WOrKS  ai        and  RENO,  Nevada. 


flfflPP      No._123  California^ Street, 


SAN    FRANCISCO. 


The  Large  Circulation  of  the  Min- 
ing  and  Scientific  Press  extends  through- 
out the  mining  districts  of  California,  Nevada, 
Utah,  Colorado,  Arizona,  Idaho,  Montana- 
British  Columbia,  and  to  other  parts  of  North 
and  South  America.  Established  in  1860,  it 
has  long  been  the  leading  Mining  Journal  of 
the  continent,  its  varied  and  reliable  contents 
giving  it  a  character  popular  -with  both  its 
reading  and  advertising  patrons. 


This  paper  is  printed  with  Ink  furnished  by 
Chas.  Eneu  Johnson  &  Co.,  509  South  10th 
St.,  Philadelphia  &  69  Gold  St.,  N.  Y. 


Mines  and  Works  of   Almaden. 


Translated  from    "Annalca  des  Mines" 
By  S.  B.  Christy. 

Full  geological  description  of  this  famous  Quicksilver 
Mine,  illustrated  by  map3  and  plans  of  the  works.  Com- 
plete description  of  the  Quicksilver  Furnaces  and  Con- 
densers, etc.  48  pages  octavo— paper  cover— price  (post- 
paid) 50  Cts.  Published  and  sold  by  DEWEY  &  CO.,  202 
Sansome  Street,  S.  F. 


Working    Ores   Dry. 

Pamphlets  on  DRY  AMALGAMATION  forwarded  free 
on  receipt  of  address  to       ALMARIN  B.  PAUL, 
Room  20,  Safe  Deposit  Building,  San  Francisco. 


BV      UEWKV      At     CJO. 


SAN  FRANCISCO,  SATURDAY,  APRIL  12,  1879. 


Number     lO. 


Ari- 


DOUBLE  SHEET— 24  PAGES. 
An  Arizona  Mining  Camp. 

In  our  double  sheet  edition  this  week  we  give 
due  prominence  to  matters  relating  to  the  new 
mining  country  to  the  southeast  of  San  Fran- 
cisco, embracing  Arizona  and  the  Mexican  State 
of  Sonora.  These  regions  are  being  brought 
close  to  us  by  the  advance  of  the  South- 
ern Pacific  railroad  and  lines  of  travel 
connecting  therewith.  Our  readers  will 
find  on  other  pages  an  able  article  on 
the  mineral  resources  of  Sonora  by  an  en- 
gineer who  has  had  long  experience  in 
the  region  which  he  describes.  Another 
valuable  contribution  to  the  growing  lit- 
erature concerning  Arizona,  will  be  found 
in  one  of  a  aeries  of  articles  written  for 
the  Press  by  Capt.  \V.  H.  Seamans,  who 
has  lately  returned  from  a  protracted 
tour  through  the  Territory.  This  article 
is  illustrated  by  a  map  of  the  Big  Bug 
mining  district,  which  is  described. 

By  way  ot  varying  the  character  of 
the  Arizona  matter  which  we  present  in 
this  issue,  we  give  on  this  page  an  en- 
graving of  interesting  views  in  the  Ter- 
ritory. One  is  of  an  Arizona  mining 
camp,  the  location  of  the  works  of  the 
Toltec  Syndicate.  The  engraving  is  fron 
Conklin's  "Picturesque  Arizona,"  which 
accords  considerable  space  to  the  re- 
sources and  operations  of  this   company. 

The  Toltec  camp  is  in  the  Aztec  dis- 
trict in  southern  Arizona.  The  engraving 
shows  the  characteristic  vegetation  of 
the  region  and  the  style  of  the  buildings 
which  mark  young  camps.  Concerning 
the  section  in  which  the  Toltec  is  loca- 
ted, we  cannot  do  better  tjian  to  quote 
from  Col.  R.  J.  Hinton's  "Handbook  of 
zona  "  the  following  paragraphs  : 

The  road  to  the  Toltec  camp,  now  a  busy 
little  center  of  mining  activity,  and  for  the  time 
being  the  working  head  quarters  of  the  Aztec 
Syndicate's  operations,  whence  everything  con- 
nected with  the  works  on  the  Aztec,  Inca  and 
Iturbide  mines  is  directed,  branches  from  the 
Tumacacori  wagon  road  at  some  distance  west 
of  the  old  Hacienda.  Crossing  another  deep 
and  rough  arroyo,  down  which  during  the  rainy 
Beason  quite  a  body  of  water  pours,  it  passes 
for  about  three  miles  over  a  comparatively  level 
mesa,  rising  gradually  and  having  a  more  rugged 
aspect  than  the  route  up  from  the  Mission.  It  is 
flanked  on  the  west  side  by  high  castellated 
cliffs,  bold  and  striking  in  form,  of  dark  por- 
phyry and  white  tufa,  and  on  the  other  side  by 
the  south-by-east  spur  of  the  range  itself.  As 
you  journey,  upon  the  right  the  eye  notes  the 
fantastic  outlines  of  the  high  colored  bluffs,  and 
takes  in  a  broad  expanse  of  country,  far  beyond 
the  Sonora  line,  and  embraces  the  Oro  Blanco 
on  one  side  and  the  Patagonia's  dim  outlines  on 
the  other.  Cacti  become  numerous,  while  the 
dwarf  oak  and  mesquite  remain  abundant. 
Toltec  camp  lies  at  an  elevation  of  3,000  feet, 
in  a  small  valley  made  by  the  slopes  of  the 
range.  Opening  up  to  the  southwest  is  the 
mouth  of  a  small  but  remarkable  canyon,  and 
towards  the  north  leading  up,  the  arroyo  follows 
the  range  into  a  bewildering  network  of  mineral 
lodes  and  veins.  In  May,  1877,  the  only  sign  of 
preceding  activity  visible  was  a  little  adobe 
house  with  a  small  ore  heap  near  by.  There  is 
considerable  and  increasing  evidence  of  industry 
now-a-days.  The  valley  affords  space  for  a 
mining  town  which  is  already  beginning  to  grow 
thereat.  The  waters  that  come  down  from  the 
mountain,  cutting  and  wearing  the  granite, 
have  strongly  defined  the  arroyo,  and  passing 
some  distance   beyond   the  camp,   have   cut  a 

Sassage  through  the  immense  quartziferous 
idge  on  which  the  Empress  of  India  lode  has 
been  traced,  and  falling  down  a  distance  of  200 
feet  form  a  cool  deep  pool  below,  which  is  a.p- 
parently  fed  also  by  a  living  spring.  It  has 
never  yet  been  found  dry  even  in  the  hottest 
of  Eteasons.  The  water  has  worn  a  deep  cleft 
through  the  adamantine  rock,  looking  down 
which  the  eye  can  readily  detect  strongly  de- 
fined indications  of  the  presence  of   mineral 


veins.  The  Aztec  district  contains  a  large 
number  of  mines,  located  by  the  Syndicate  and 
by  private  prospectors.  It  commences  at  the 
east  end  of  the  Empress  of  India  mine,  runs 
west  of  north  along  the  eastern  boundary  of 
Tyndall,  thence  due  north  two  miles,  thence 
due  east  three  mileB,  thence  due  south  six 
miles,  and  from  there  westerly  to  the  point  of 
starting.  Everything  possible  is  favorable  to 
cheap  mining  aud  rich  ores. 

We  also  give  on  this    page  a   view  of  objects 
of  historic  interest,  the  "painted  rocks,"  which 


miles  from  Tucson,  latitude,  33°,  longitude, 
113°.  To  stop  and  examine  these  wonders  of 
the  pre-historic  age,  is  only  to  enhance  the  great 
enchantment  that  waylays  the  traveler  in  Ari- 
zona on  every  hand.  They  are  a  mass  of  rocks, 
evidontly  piled  by  some  physical  power,  ages 
ago.  They  are  massed  together  in  a  heap  about 
50  feet  high,  with  a  proportionate  base  ;  and 
while  some  are  of  a  size  that  may  be  lifted  by  a 
man,  others  might  be  ranked  with  boulders.  On 
these  rocks  or  stones,  are  various  figures  and 
images.     Figures,  geometrical,  comic,  and  ana- 


THB    TOLTEC    MINING    CAMP,    AZTEC    DISTRICT,    SOUTHERN    ARIZONA. 


Mr.  Conklin  secured  for  his  "Picturesque  Ari- 
zona." 

Mr.  Conklin's  account  of  his  observations  on 
the  painted  rocks  is  as  follows:  One  of  the  lead- 
ing features  of  interest  to  the  traveler  in  the 
mesa  laud  of  Arizona  is  the  system  of  pre-his- 
toric landmarks  he  is  constantly  coming  in  con- 
tact with  on  all  sides,  Man  has,  as  yet,  how- 
ever, derived  very  little  positive  knowledge  of 
them   from   any  research  or  investigation,  and 


tomical.  There  are  squares,  circles,  triangle?, 
crosses,  snakes,  toads  and  vermin,  men  without 
heads,  and  dogs  without  tails. 


Dividend-Paying  Mines  Wanted.  —  The 
New  York  Mining  and  Engineering  Journal  says 
there  is  a  market  in  the  East  for  sound,  divi- 
dend-paying mines,  and  the  shares  of  such  prop- 
erties,   but  none    whatever    for    mines  badly 


THE    PAINTED    ROCKS    OF    ARIZONA-Pedras    Pintados. 


they  remain  to  this  day  a  source  of  speculative 
interest  to  the  traveler,  from  the  time  he  leaves 
the  Colorado,  at  Yuma  or  Ehrenberg,  until  he 
completes  his  journey.  It  is  in  these  features 
that  Arizona  presents  herself  as  the  land  for 
the  archteologist,  the  psychologist,  and  all  curi- 
ous minds.  Among  the  foremost  of  these  are 
the  "Painted  Rocks"  (Pedras  Pintados). 

About  six  miles  from  Oatman's  Flat,  on  an 
extensive  plain,  encircled  by  the  famous  Arizona 
mountains,  is  to  be  seen  the  largest  and  most 
perfect  specimens  of  these  Painted  Rocks  {Ped- 
ras Pintados).     They  are  in  the  Gila  valley,  120 


managed  or  of  dubious  merit.  Eastern  invest- 
ors have  had  enough  of  these  and  seem  even 
more  averse  to  having  anything  further  to  do 
with  them  than  the  people  of  this  coast. 

Sierra  Nevada  Mine. — Instead  of  controll- 
ing that  property,  as  had  been  generally  sup- 
posed, it  is  now  stated  that  the  Bonanza  firm  do 
not  own  any  of  the  Sierra  Nevada  stock,  the 
active  assistance  extended  by  this  firm  to  Skae, 
at  the  time  the  latter  entered  upon  a  more 
vigorous  development  of  the  mine,  having  lead 
to  the  above  belief. 


Gold  on  the  Skagit. 

The  finding  of  gold  on  Skagit  river,  Wash- 
ington Territory,  although  announced  as  a 
receqt  discovery,  appears  not  to  be  an  altogether 
new  thing.  As  we  learn  from  Prof.  Amoa 
Bowman,  who  is  familiar  with  that  country, 
gold  mines,  both  placer  and  quartz,  have  been 
known  to  exist  there  for  a  number  ot  years. 
Several  quartz  mills  have,  in  fact,  been  running 
in  the  country  east  of  the  Cascade  range 
for  some  time,  and  the  Indians  living  on 
the  upper  Skagit,  when  coming  to  the 
towns  on  the  sound  to  trade,  have  long 
been  in  the  habit  of  paying  for  their  pur- 
chases with  gold  dust.  The  whites,  in 
prospecting,  also  found  gold  along  this 
Btream,  but  not  enough  to  warrant  them 
in  stopping  to  gather  it,  therefore  it  was 
concluded  that  they  had  failed  to  strike 
the  locality  where  the  Indians  had  ob- 
tained their  dust,  which  was  coarse  and 
of  good  quality.  This  place  has,  most 
likely,  at  last  been  found,  and  the  dis- 
covery announced  as  one  freshly  made. 

The  Skagit  river,  which  heads*  in  the 
Cascade  mountains,  and  runs  west, 
emptying  into  Puget  sound,  is  navig- 
able for  sixty  miles,  affording  easy  means 
for  getting  up  near  the  mines,  which, 
however  they  may  pay  fair  wages  for  a 
short  time,  are  probably  of  no  great  ex- 
tent. 

The  country  east  of  the  Cascades  is 
auriferous  in  spots,  all  the  way  from 
Samilkanim  river  south  to  the  Peahastin. 
In  the  northerly  part  of  this  belt,  are 
situated  the  Kootenai  mines,  worked 
from  the  time  of  their  discovery,  in  1859, 
more  or  lesB  for  ten  or  twelve  years,  and 
which  though  they  lie  just  over  tV  line 
in  British  Columbia,  have  heretofore 
been  approached,  for  the  most  part  from 
this  side,  up  the  Columbia  river.  The 
Skagit,  being  navigable  for  so  long  adistance,  and 
flowing  clean  across  the  Cascades,  through  a  low 
pass,  will  most  likely  be  the  route  taken  by  the 
emigration  to  the  region  east  of  that  range 
hereafter.  Parties  going  in  from  Puget  sound 
will,  of  course,  proceed  by  this  route.  The 
Skagit  Pass,  lying  so  low,  and  being  but  little 
obstructed,  was  one  of  those  selected  for  the 
passage  of  the  Northern  Pacific  railroad 
through  the  Cascade  mountains,  and  is  as 
likely  to  be  the  oue  finally  adopted  for  that 
purpose  as  any  other. 

City  Hall  Sandstone.— Some  time  ago  a 
reputable  member  of  the  Real  Estate  Protective 
Association  made  an  allegation  to  that  body, 
that  worthless  or  unfit  stone  was  being  used  in 
the  construction  of  the  new  City  Hall.  The 
matter  was  taken  in  hand  by  the  executive  com- 
mittee, and  at  a  meeting  of  the  Association  held 
on  the  5th  inst.  a  partial  report  on  the  subject 
was  made.  Several  samples  of  the  rock  were 
examined  by  the  association,  especially  that 
alleged  to  be  used  for  keystones  and  arches. 
The  stone  was  very  brittle  and  friable,  can  be 
crushed  in  the  fingers,  and  dissolves  rapidly  in 
water.  The  following  letter  from  Mr.  Thomas 
Price,  a  well-known  scientist,  was  also  pre- 
sented: "The  rock  you  sent  me  to-day  for  in- 
spection and  opinion  as  to  its  value  as  a  build- 
ing stone,  has  been  examined  carefully,  and  I 
have  no  hesitation  in  pronouncing  it  a  very  poor 
article,  and  such  as  I  would  not  recommend  any 
one  to  use  for  building  purposes.  Disseminated 
through  the  .mass  are  particles  of  clay  that 
would  tend  to  crumble  the  already  soft  rock  on 
the  slightest  pressure.  I  do  not  think  that  this 
rock  would  harden  on  exposure— that  is  to  a 
sufficient  extent  so  as  to  make  it  valuable  as  a 
building  stone."  The  stone  is  taken  from  a 
quarry  on  the  Almaden  road,  five  miles  from 
San  Jose.  The  results  already  obtained  were 
deemed  sufficient  to  justify  a  more  extended  in- 
vestigation, and  the  matter  was  again  referred 
to  the  committee,  who  will  report  fully  at  the 
meeting  two  weeks  hence. 

The  old  railroad  depot  at  Sacramento  is  soon 
to  be  replaced  by  a  larger  and  more  ornamental 


226 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[April  12,  1879. 


The  Genesis  of  Cinnabar  Deposits.— No.  2. 

[A  paper  read  before  the  Geological  Section  of  the  Califor- 
nia Aoaderay  of  Sciences,  by  S.  B.  Christy,  Pn.  B.] 

Tkird— Experiments  on  the  Solubility  of 
Mercuric  Sulphide. 
The  great  objection  to  accounting  for  the 
deposits  of  cinnabar  in  the  wet  way  has  always 
been  the  difficulty  of  finding  any  solution  ex- 
isting in  natural  waters  capable  of  dissolving 
this  substance.  The  experiments  of  R.  Weber, 
cited  above,  show  that  as  soon  as  the  free  alkali 
is  neutralized,  either  by  carbonic  or  sulphydric 
acid,  the  mercuric  sulphide  is  precipitated  com- 
pletely from  its  solution  in  alkaline  sulphides, 
and  as  free  alkali  is  not  known  to  exist  in  any 
mineral  waters,  the  question  has  still  remained: 
"In  what  has  this  substance  been  dissolved  if 
we  are  to  suppose  it  to  have  been  formed  in 
the  wet  way?" 

The  classic  researches  of  DaubreeJ  on  meta- 
morphism,  and  those  of  De  Senarmont§  on  the 
formation  of  metalliferous  veins  in  the  wet 
way,  as  well  as  the  fact  that  these  solutions 
must  have  acted  originally  at  higher  pressures 
and  temperatures  than  those  of  the  atmos- 
pheric waters,  led  me  to  carry  out  the  investiga- 
tions which  I  present  to  your  notice. 

Impressed  with  the  idea  that  a  moderate  in- 
crease of  pressure  and  temperature  might  pos- 
sibly bring  about  the  desired  results,  I  was  led 
to  adopt  a  more  easily  manageable  apparatus 
than  that  used  by  the  investigators  already 
mentioned.  For  this  purpose  I  used  a  Papin's 
digester  of  gun-metal  about  seven  and  three- 
quarter  inches  high,  three  and  a  half  inches  in 
outer  diameter,  and  five-sixteenths  of  an  inch 
thick.  This  vessel  was  ralculated  to  stand 
with  safety  a  pressure  of  650  to  700  pounds  per 
square  inch.  It  was  provided  with  a  safety- 
valve,  so  that  the  pressure  could  be  easily  reg- 
ulated at  any  point.  It  was  heated  in  a  bath 
of  iron  filings,  so  that  the  temperature  could  be 
approximately  determined  as  an  additional 
check.  The  whole  was  surrounded  by  a  sheet- 
iron  shell  to  guard  against  danger  from  explo- 
sions. The  digester  was  heated  by  an  ordinary 
Buosen  burner.  The  substances  to  be  experi- 
mented upon  were  enclosed  in  glass  tubes,  usu- 
ally sealed  at  both  ends,  but  occasionally  open 
at  the  top,  so  as  to  allow  the  contents  to  slowly 
evaporate  under  pressure  after  the  water  had 
evaporated  from  the  digester  through  the  safety- 
valve. 

The  only  disadvantage  from  using  this  form 
of  apparatus  was  the  difficulty  of  determining 
when  the  water  was  entirely  evaporated.  This 
led  to  several  explosions  of  sealed  tubes  within 
the  digester,  and  the  consequent  loss  of  many 
days'  work.  The  joints  were  all  made  with  a 
lead  packing,  as  paper,  leather,  etc.,  would  not 
resist  the  high  temperature  at  which  the  exper- 
ments  were  conducted. 

The  highest  temperatures  reached  were  in 
the  neighborhood  of  250°  (4S2*  F.)  The  ther- 
mometer at  the  bottom  of  the  bath  of  iron  fil- 
ings indicated  360°  C,  and  at  the  top  150°  to 
200°  C.  The  first  experiment  made  was  with  a 
tube  with  a  solution  of  amorphous  mercuric 
sulphide  and  potassic  sulphydrate.  The  tube 
was  open  at  the  top  and  its  contents  allowed  to 
evaporate  under  a  pressure  of  150  pounds  per 
square  inch  after  the  water  had  evaporated 
from  the  digester.  The  temperature  was  about 
180°  C.  The  operation  was  continued  five  hours. 
The  liquid  coutents  of  the  tube  were  reduced 
to  one-half.  The  sulphide  was  entirely  changed 
to  a  red  powder,  and  the  next  d;iy  the  tube  was 
found  to  contain  a  beautiful  coherent  mass  of 
crystals  of  cinnabar,  recognizable  by  the  naked 
eye  and  simulatiug  the  crystals  which  occur  in 
nature  very  perfectly.  They  appeared  to  be 
rhombohedral,  like  the  natural  mineral,  al- 
though I  have  not  been  able  to  determine  this 
witli  certainty. 

Subsequently  a  large  number  of  experiments 
were  made,  all  with  closed  tubes,  upon  various 
solutions,  for  the  purpose  of  determining  the 
action  of  the  different  reagents.  The  tempera- 
tures varied  from  about  200°  to  250°  C,  and  the 
pressures  from  200  to  over  500  pounds  per 
square  inch.  The  determination  of  the  pres- 
sures were  not  entirely  exact,  owing  to  the 
difficulty  of  making  the  valve  seat  bear  with 
perfect  uniformity.  The  duration  of  the  heat- 
ing varied  in  the  different  experiments  from 
three  to  ten  hours,  and  in  each  case  the  di- 
gester with  its  contents  was  allowed  to  cool 
undisturbed  till  morning.  The  results  of  these 
experiments  are  as  follows: 

Solutions  of  sodium  bicarboiiates  did  not 
change  the  amorphous  variety  of  mercuric  sul- 
phide to  cinnabar.  Solutions  of  water  glass 
were  equally  powerlesss,  but  when  through 
either  of  these  solutions  sulphydric  acid  was 
passed  and  the  tubes  were  again  treated  in  the 
digester  the  transformation  took  place.  Poly- 
sulphide  of  potassium  as  well  as  sulphydrate 
changed  the  amorphous  sulphide  very  rapidly 
and  completely.  The  presence  of  carbonic  acid 
seemed  to  retard  the  formation  without  being 
able  to  prevent  it.  The  cinnabar  formed  was 
usually  in  the  state  of  micro-crystals,  like  ver- 
milion, but  often  they  were  larger  and  more 
like  the  native  cinnabar  in  appearance,  though 
they  were  so  minute  as  to  make  the  determina- 
tion of  their  crystalline  form  extremely  diffi- 
cult. In  all  cases  where  the  transformation 
had  taken  place  the  liquid  would  stain  the  skin 
deep  black,  as  is  usual  where  mercuric  sulphide 
is  dissolved  in   alkaline  sulphides.     This  would 

J  Annates  des  Mines,  Series  v.  t,  16. 
SAmialcs  de  Chimie  et  Physique,  t.  32,  p.  129. 


be  an  additional  proof,  if  one  were  required, 
that  solution  had  taken  place. 

Finally,  I  was  led  to  try  the  effect  of  heating 
the  amorphous  sulphide  with  New  Almaden 
Vichy  water,  to  which  sulphydric  acid  had  been 
added.  This  water  as  analyzed  by  E.  Picquet, 
Mining  and  Scientific  Press,  Vol.  18,  p.  360, 
has  the  following  composition  : 


Bicarbonate  of  soda 50.S  grains. 

Bicarbonate  of  lime 8.0      " 

Sulphate  of  lime 1C.5     " 

Sulphate  of  magnesia , 3  0     ' 

Chloridti  of  sodium 8-4     " 

Oxide  of  iron 1.2     " 

Silica traces 

Carbonic  acid 28.2      ' 

This  amount  was  contained  in  one  bottle  of 
two  pounds. 

Sulphydric  acid  was  passed  into  this  water 
for  half  an  hour,  an  equal  amount  of  the  mineral 
water  and  some  black  mercuric  sulphide  was 
added  to  it,  and  the  mixture  was  treated  in  the 
digester,  while  a  similar  experiment  was  carried 
on  at  the  ordinary  pressure  of  the  atmosphere, 
and  100°  C.  The  temperature  of  the  digester 
was  not  more  than  180°  C,  and  the  pressure  140 
to  150  pounds.  The  time  in  both  cases  was  two 
hours.  The  sulphide  which  was  treated  in  the 
open  air  was  unchanged,  even  when  examined 
with  the  microscope,  while  that  treated  in  the 
digester  was  brownish  red,  even  to  the  naked 
eye,  while  under  the  microscope  it  showed 
itself  to  be  composed  of  a  mixture  of  a  small 
amount  of,  as  yet  unchanged,  sulphide,  and  a 
larger  amount  which  was  completely  trans- 
formed to  cinnabar.  Crystals  were  not  visible 
with  the  powers  used. 

This  mineral  water,  therefore,  with  the  addi- 
tion of  the  single  ingredient  of  sulphydric  acid, 
is  capable,  when  heated,  of  dissolving  and  trans- 
forming mercuric  sulphide,  and  depositing  it 
from  solution  in  the  crystalline  form  when  it  is 
slowly  cooled. 

Fourth— The  Relative  Probabilities  of  the 
Rival  Theories. 
"Without  attempting  the  impossible  task  of 
tracing  the  salts  of  mercury  through  all  their 
successive  changes,  from  their  existence  as 
vapor  in  the  nebulous  mists,  to  their  present 
position  in  the  existing  ore  deposits,  it  is,  never- 
theless, altogether  probable  that  they  would  be 
precipitated '  from  solutions  in  some  form  or 
other,  at  a  period  very  soon  after  the  globe  had 
cooled  down  to  a  point  which  would  allow  them 
to  exist  in  solution,  and  they  would  occur  in 
some  insoluble  form,  very  probably  as  sulphide 
in  the  very  earliest  sedimentary  deposits,  and 
consequently  would,  if  their  position  had  re- 
mained unchanged,  uow  exist  at  such  a  depth 
beneath  the  present  surface,  that  man  would 
never  have  known  of  such  a  metal  as  mercury. 
But  as  the  sedimentary  deposit  increased  in 
thickness,  the  deposits  being  cloaked  at  these 
points  to  a  greater  degree  would  be  invaded  by 
the  interior  heat  of  the  earth,  and  according  to 
the  sublimation  theory,  would  at  last  become 
so  hot  that  the  sulohide  would  become  changed 
to  vapor  as  soon  as  the  pressure  was  relieved  at 
any  point  on  the  sudden  creation  of  a  fissure  by 
any  mechanical  agency,  and  then  the  vapors 
escapiug  through  these  fissures,  would,  by  their 
elastic  force,  rise  upwards  until  they  reached  a 
cooler  locality,  where  they  would  be  slowly  de- 
posited. It  is,  of  courae,  impossible  to  settle 
such  a  question  by  observation,  but  reasoning  a 
priori,  it  is  probable  that  such  action  would 
take  place  under  these  circumstances. 

The  sudden  invasion  of  igneous  rocks  among 
such  sedimentary  deposits  would  also  cause  a 
similar  action  if  fissures  above  existed,  capable 
of  releasing  the  tension  of  the  vapor  and  of 
furnishing  the  lower  temperature  necessary  for 
condensation. 

Even  granting  this  to  be  a  possible  case,  it  is 
altogether  improbable  that  such  action  is  con- 
nected in  anything  but  an  indirect  way  with  the 
genesis  of  the  existing  ore  deposits,  with  the 
possible  exception  of  the  invasion  of  igneous 
rocks  extending  nearly,  or  quite,  to  the  surface. 
This  latter  condition  is  certainly  not  the  rule, 
but  the  exception;  and  even  when  it  does  exist, 
there  seems  to  have  been  subsequent  agencies 
active  in  giving  rise  to  the  deposits  as  they  exist, 
which  are  not  igneous. 

In  support  of  this  position  are  the  following 
facts  : 

In  the  first  place  cinnabar  volatilizes  only  at 
just  below  a  red  heat  {about  500  C, )  when 
exposed  to  the  ordinary  pressure  of  the  atmos- 
phere. It  is  a  well-known  fact  that  the  in- 
crease of  temperature  as  we  descend  into  the 
earth  from  the  surface  is  about  1°  C.  for  every 
100  feet.  At  this  rate  of  increase  it  would  take 
a  depth  of  nearly  50,000  feet,  or  about  nine 
and  a  half  miles  to  give  this  temperature. 
Now  at  New  Almaden  where  the  associated 
rocks  are  certainly  not  igneous,  we  find  the 
cinnabar  outcropping  at  the  surface.  This 
hypothesis  would,  therefore,  necessitate  the  re- 
moval by  erosion  of  nine  and  a  half  miles  of 
superincumbent  strata.  The  recent  age  of 
these  rocks  {pronounced  Cretaceous  by  Prof. 
J.  D.  Whitney,  Geological  Survey  of  Cal.) 
evidently  precludes  such  an  hypothesis.  Fur- 
thermore, the  theory  that  the  heat  produced 
by  the  crumpling  of  the  strata  would  be  suffi- 
cient is  not  well  founded,  since  the  action 
usually  takes  place  so  slowly  that  the  heat 
produced  is  dissipated  by  conduction  to  such 
an  extent  that  the  temperature  can  never 
be  greatly  increased  at  any  one  time.  If  we 
assume  that  the  rate  of  increase  of  temperature 
was  three  times  what  it  is  at  present,  we  still 
should  have  to  go  to  a  depth  of  three  miles  be- 
fore any  such  temperature  would  be  reached. 
Not  only  so,  but  at  such  great  depth  the  enor- 


mous pressure  of  the  superincumbent  maBS 
would  of  course  greatly  increase  the  tempera- 
ture necessary  to  volatilize  the  cinnabar.  This 
fact  is  illustrated  in  the  well-known  case  of 
water.  The  natural  rate  of  increase  of  tem- 
perature of  the  earth  .is  not  sufficient  to  con- 
vert the  water  into  steam  at  the  existing  pres- 
sure excepting  in  the  presence  of  local  igneous 
rocks,  as  is  shown  by  the  following  table  taken 
from  PfafFs  Geologie  als  Exacte  WissenscJiaft, 
p.  112: 


DEPTH 

TEMPERATURE 

PRESSURE  OK  WATER 

TENSION  OP  STEAM 

In  feet. 

Centigrade. 

In  Atmospheres. 

In  Atmospheres. 

10,000 

100 

SOO 

1 

20,000 

200 

600 

15.3 

80,000 

800 

2400 

1416 

100,000 

1000 

3000 

187V 

200,000 

2000 

6000 

2403 

The  third  column  gives  the  weight  in  atmos- 
pheres of  a  column  of  water  of  a  hight  equal 
to  the  depth  ;  this  is  the  minimum  pressure  to 
which  a  substance  can  be  exposed,  unless  we 
suppose  an  extensive  fissure  filled  only  with  air 
and  extending  from  the  given  point  far  up- 
wards. The  fourth  column  gives  the  tension 
of  steam  at  the  temperature  corresponding  to 
the  depth,  calculated  according  to  Regnault's 
formula.  It  is  evident  that  under  these  condi- 
tions the  water  will  never  become  hot  enough 
to  boil  at  the  existing  pressure  except  in  local 
cases  where  there  are  eruptions  of  volcanic 
rocks.  Although  there  have  not  been,  to  my 
knowledge,  any  determinations  of  the  elastic 
force  of  cinnabar  vapor  it  is  probably  less  than 
that  of  steam,  and  the  above  reasoning  will  ap- 
ply with  even  greater  force  to  this  case  than  it 
does  to  that  of  water,  always  excepting  the 
cases  of  extensive  fissures  and  the  presence  of 
volcanic  rocks. 

In  the  next  place,  the  deposits  themselves, 
as  indicated  in  our  study  of  the  principal  cin- 
nabar deposits,  do  not  usually  show  the  signs 
of  true  fissure  veins,  but  are  rather  found  ir- 
regularly disseminated  in  layers  and  impregna- 
tions, and  volcanic  rocks  are  not  usually  found 
in  sufficient  proximity  to  give  the  amount  of 
heat  requisite  to  cause  the  sublimation. 

In  the  third  place,  the  formation  of  many  of 
the  ore  bodies  cannot  be  explained  upon  the 
sublimation  hypothesis.  Many  of  them,  nota- 
bly that  of  New  Almaden,  contain  carbonates 
so  intimately  mixed  with  cinnabar  that  the  con- 
clusion is  irresistible  that  they  were  formed  in 
situ  in  the  wet  way.  The  occurrence  of  quartz 
and  bitumen  intimately  mixed  shows  the  same 
thing. 

Again,  M.  Kuss,*  himself  evidently  inclined 
to  the  sublimation  hypothesis,  admits  regarding 
the  Almaden  deposits:  "The  material  of  the 
quartzite  which  is  wanting  to-day  in  the  rocks 
impregnated  with  cinnabar,  certainly  could  not 
have  been  missing,  either  at  the  time  of  the 
first  deposit  of  the  beds  or  after  the  strong 
pressure  which  compressed  and  straightened 
them.  How  could  this  disappearance  of  sili- 
ceous matter  be  effected;  matter  unattackable 
by  all  the  reagents  which  we  can  imagine  to 
have  intervened  during  the  epoch  of  the  forma- 
tion of  the  veins  of  cinnabar  ?"  This  disap- 
pearance of  siliceous  matter  is  certainly  inex- 
plicable by  the  sublimation  theory,  but  by  the 
supposition  that  the  cinnabar  was  deposited 
from  solution  in  a  mixture  of  alkaline  sulphides 
and  carbonates,  it  would  be  not  only  explained, 
but  also  would  be  a  perfectly  natural  conse- 
quence of  the  main  supposition. 

Still,  again,  all  the  minerals  mentioned  as 
occurring  with  the  various  ores  of  mercury  in 
the  first  part  of  the  paper;  such  as  iron  pyrites, 
blende,  galena,  fahlore,  copper  pyrites,  etc., 
quartz,  heavy  spar,  calc  spar,  dolomite,  spathic 
iron,  gypsum,  etc.,  have  all  been  produced  in 
the  wet  way  by  De  Senarmont  and  others. 
The  production  of  bituminous  material  similar 
to  idrialite  has  also  been  accomplished  in  the 
same  way  by  heating  organic  matter  with  water 
in  closed  tubes  at  high  temperatures. t  In  fact 
this  transformation  is  invariably  regarded,  not 
as  the  result  of  dry  distillation,  but  as  the  ef- 
fect of  heat  in  the  presence  of  water.  And,  if 
the  pressure  was  great  enough  to  volatilize  the 
cinnabar,  it  is  probable  that  the  much  more 
volatile  hydrocarbons  of  the  original  organic 
matter  would  have  disappeared,  and  we  Bhould 
have  anthracite  or  graphite,  instead  of  bitumen, 
as  we  do  in  most  of  the  cinnabar  deposits. 

In  addition  to  this,  we  have  shown  that  the 
sulphide  of  mercury,  at  comparatively  moder- 
ate temperatures,  is  dissolved  by  solutions  of 
alkaline  sulphides,  even  though  in  the  presence 
of  carbonic  acid,  that  pressure  aids  rather  than 
retards  this  solution,  and  that  cinnabar  is  depos- 
ited from  it  in  cooling.  In  one  case  we  have 
shown  that  by  adding  sulphydric  acid  to  the 
mineral  spring  water  now  existing  in  the  neigh- 
borhood of  one  of  the  most  noted  of  these  de- 
posits, we  were  enabled  to  produce  the  same 
effects.  For  various  reasons,  which  it  is  need- 
less to  state  here,  it  is  probable  that  this  spring 
once  contained  sulphydric  acid,  and  we  have 
therefore,  in  the  case  of  the  New  Almaden 
mine  at  least,  a  sufficient  cause  for  the  deposit 
without  invoking  the  sublimation  theory. 

Again,  the  occasional  occurrence  of  metacinna- 
barite  is  easily  explainable  by  the  sudden  dilu- 
tion of  the  depositing  waters  by  other  springs, 
by  fresh  water  from  above,  or  by  the  local  mix- 
ing during  the  crystallizing  process  with  car- 
bonic or  other  acid  gases.  No  other  theory  so 
well  accounts  for  the  intimate  mixture  of  the 
two  varieties,  crystalline  and  amorphous,  so 
well  described  by  Moore.    {Ueber  das  Vorhom- 

*  Memoirs  sur  les  Mines  et  Usines  d'A  Imaden,  p.  44 
Translation  of  same  by  writer,  p.  21.    • 

t  Daubree  "On  Metamorphism,"  Annates  des  Mines, 
SerieB  5,  Vol.  1(3,  Part  II,  end  of  Chapter  IV. 


men  des  amorphen  Quechsilbersulphids  in  der 
Natur.) 

Finally,  the  almost  universal  occurrence  of 
these  deposits  in  metamorphic  rather  than  in 
true  igneous  rocks  accords  well  with  the  theory 
that  these  deposits  in  situ  are  the  immediate  re- 
suit  of  the  action  of  alkaline  carbonates  con- 
taining also  alkaline  sulphides. 

There  are  still  many  other  points  of  interest 
in  this  connection  which  are  difficult  to  under- 
stand. Such,  for  example,  are  the  wide-spread 
association  of  serpentine  and  other  magnesian 
rocks,  and  of  the  bituminous  substances  with 
cinnabar.  It  is  possible  that  these  are  condi- 
tions as  well  as  mere  concomitants.  Lastly, 
there  remains  the  occurrence  of  native  meroury 
to  be  explained.  Unless  we  regard  it  as  the 
effect  of  the  local  oxidation  of  a  very  stable 
compound  its  appearance  is  well  nigh  inexplica- 
ble upon  either  hypothesis. 

University  of  California,  Berkeley,  Dec,  1878. 


Relative  Economy  of  Gas  and  Electricity 
as  Sources  of  Light. 

The  Report  of  the  Commission  of  the  Muni- 
cipal Council  of  Paris,  furnishes  the  first  authen- 
tic data  in  relation  to  the  economy  of  the  work, 
ing  of  the  electric  light  in  that  city.  A  Jabloch- 
koff lamp  is  estimated  to  give  a  quantity  of 
light  equal  to  11  gas  lamps,  consuming  each 
140  liters  per  hour.  Hence,  the  quantity  of  gaa 
consumed  to  produce  the  same  quantity  of  illu- 
mination as  one  Jablochkoff  lamp,  would  be 
1,540  liters  per  hour.  The  price  paid  by  the 
city  to  the  gas  company  is  O.  fr.  15  cent,  per 
1,000  liters  ;  hence,  the  expense  of  1,540  liters 
would  be  O.  fr.  23. 1  cent,  per  hour.  A  careful 
estimate  of  the  aggregate  expenses  of  each 
Jablochkoff  lamp  shows  that  it  is  O.  fr.  73  cent, 
per  hour,  so  that  we  have  the  cost  of  11  gas 
lamps  =  one  Jablochkoff  lamp  =  0.  fr.  23  cent, 
per  hour  ;  cost  of  one  Jablochkoff  lamp  =  11  gas 
lamps  =  0.  fr.  73  cent,  per  hour.  Hence,  the 
Jablochkoff  light  is  nearly  3.2  times  as  expen- 
sive as  the  gas  light.  This  estimate  is  based 
upon  the  expense  incurred  in  producing  the 
light  for  62  Jablochkoff  lamps  per  hour,  which 
required  77  horse-power. 

The  Commission  proposes  to  pay  the  Jabloch- 
koff company  (which  it  accepted)  O.  fr,  30  cent, 
per  lamp  per  hour  for  83  lamps  for  one  year. 
The  total  number  of  burning  hours  per  year  is 
estimated  at  183,621  for  the  83  lamps.  Hence, 
the  cost  per  year  =  55, 086  francs;  cost  of  gas 
per  year^21,041  francs,  for  illuminating  the 
same  places.  Hence,  the  excess  of  expense  to 
city,  in  using  electric  light  in  place  of  gas  light, 
will  be  34,090  francs  per  year.  But  this  credit 
is  asked  for  in  the  interest  of  science. 

People  seem  to  have  forgotten  that  only  three 
years  ago  a  competitive  trial  of  gas  and  elec- 
tricity was  made  in  London  in  the  Clock-Tower 
of  the  Houses  of  Parliament.  Each  of  these 
lights  were  tried  for  several  months,  and  after 
careful  examination,  gas  was  successful.  The 
more  recent  experiments  in  London  have  not 
been  in  any  degree  more  satisfactory. 

"There  is,  however,"  says  Mr.  Preece,  "a  de- 
fect in  gas  light  which  remains  to  be  eradicated, 
and  that  is  the  color  of  the  light.  The  one 
great  advantage  which  the  electric  light  has 
over  the  gas  is  that.the  electric  light,  owing  to 
its  very  high  temperature,  produces  rays  of 
every  degree  of  refrangibility,  and,  therefore,  as 
an  illuminating  power  it  is  equal  to  that  of  the 
sun.  But  gas  light,  owing  to  the  lowness  of  its 
temperature,  is  deficient  in  blue  rays,  and  is, 
therefore,  not  so  effective  in  discriminating 
colors  as  the  electric  light. " 

And  it  is  proper  to  add,  that  a  decided  ad- 
vance towards  perfection  in  this  direction  in 
gas  lighting  has  already  been  made  in  the 
' ( Alb o- Carbon"  procees,  by  which  the  gas  is  en- 
riched with  the  vapor  of  naptlialine.  The  in- 
tensity of  the  light  of  a  gas-burner  has  thus 
been  improved  from  five  to  twenty  times. 

It  has  been  proposed  to  avoid  the  enormous 
loss  of  the  electric  light  produced  by  sub-divi- 
sion, by  the  diffusion  of  a  single  light.  This  plau 
has  yet  to  be  practically  tested.  Mr.  Preece 
has  shown  "that  when  adding  to  the  lamps  by 
inserting  more  of  them  on  the  same  circuit,  or 
on  a  circuit  so  that  the  current  is  sub-divided, 
the  light  emitted  by  each  lamp  is  diminished  in 
the  one  case  by  the  square,  and  in  the  other 
case  by  a  cube  of  the  number  of  lamps  inserted." 

There  can  be  no  question  that  the  use  of  elec- 
tricity for  the  production  of  light  is  a  very 
wasteful  as  well  as  costly  process  ;  for  the  energy 
generated  in  the  machine  is  not  all  consumed  in 
the  lamp,  but  is  distributed  over  the  whole  circuit. 
It  is  not,  therefore,  as  in  the  case  of  gas,  utilized 
exclusively  in  the  place  where  it  is  wanted.  A 
very  large  fraction  of  the  electric  energy  is 
wasted  in  maintaining  the  current  required  to 
produce  the  light. 

Immense  Glacial  Remains. — Prof.  F.  .% 
Hayde'n  says  that  on  the  east  Bide  of  Wind 
River  peak,  Wyoming  Territory,  and  on  the 
east  base  of  Fremont  peak,  the  remains  of  the 
huge  glaciers  which  once  co/ered  the  region 
have  been  discovered.  On  the  west  side  of 
Wind  River  range,  the  moraines  and  glaciated 
rocks  were  found  on  an  immense  scale.  He 
thinks  on  this  side  a  glacier  must  have  formerly 
existed  having  a  length  of  80  miles  and  a  width 
of  12  miles  with  arms  extended  up  the  gorges 
of  the  stream  to  the  very  water  divide.  —Eureka 
Sentinel. 

The  nomination  of  Clarence  King  as  Director 
of  the  Geological  Survey  has  been  confirmed  by 
the  United  States  Senate. 


April  12,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


227 


ECHANIOAL 


f 


ROGRESS. 


Telegraphic    Messages    through 
matic  Tubes. 


Pneu- 


Great  are  the  economies  of  machinery.  Two 
yean  ago  the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Com- 
pany came  to  the  conclusion  that  the  business 
of  getting  messages  from  the  main  office  on 
Broadway  to  Wall  street,  New  York,  and  back 
was  costing  the  company  and  the  public  more 
than  was  necessary.  In  order  to  oheapen  the 
expense  of  the  large  volume  of  business  emanat- 
ing in  that  part  of  the  town,  the  company  laid 
brass  pipes,  properly  protected  from  the  mois- 
ture, down  Broadway  and  Wall  and  Broad 
streets  to  the  Stock  Exchange  and  the  branch 
telegraph  office  there,  and  other  pipes  down  to 
the  Cotton  Exchange,  and  to  the  branch  offices 
near  by  there. 

These  were  pneumatic  tubes  two  and  one- 
fourth  inches  in  diameter.  They  were  four  in 
number — two  of  them  "up"  tubes,  as  they  are 
called,  worked  by  exhausting  the  air  and  mak- 
ing a  vacuum,  and  two  of  them  "down"  tubes, 
worked  by  pressure.  The  messages  were  rolled 
up  thereafter  and  placed  in  little  leather  boxes, 
open  at  one  end  and  about  six  inches  long,  and 
shot  back  and  forth  between  the  main  and 
branch  offices,  instead  of  being  sent  by  messen- 
ger boys  or  telegraphed  over  the  wires.  The 
company  is  now  exchanging  from  3,000  to  4,000, 
and  more,  messages  a  day,  through  their  pneu- 
matic tubes,  between  the  main  office  on  Broad- 
way and  the  branch  offices  at  and  near  the 
Stock  and  Cotton  exchanges. 

It  saves  thereby  the  labor  of  at  least  25  tele- 
graph operators,  and  the  public  is  saved  much 
expense.  The  tubes  are,  two  of  them,  2, 100 
feet  long  (the  Wall  street  tubes),  and  two  are 
respectfully  3,000  and  3,500  feet  long.  They 
are  worked  by  a  steam  engine  which  has  a 
capacity  of  "6-horse  power,  but  which  is  never 
called  upon  for  half  its  resources.  An  engineer 
and  four  boys  at  the  tubes  are  all  the  employees 
needed  in  place  of  the  25  skilled  operators. 

This  system  has  worked  so  well  in  the  busi- 
ness emanating  in  the  commercial  and  finan- 
cial quarters  of  the  city,  that  it  is  to  be  extended 
to  a  new  quarter,  namely,  Printing-House 
Square.  And  now  pipes  are  being  laid  to  con- 
nect the  principal  newspaper  offices  with  the 
telegraph  office.  There  will  be  only  one  pipe 
carried  to  Newspaper  Row,  it  will  be  a  down 
pipe,  and  will  carry  the  loads  of  both  special 
and  Associated  Press  dispatches,  which  are  sent 
daily  and  nightly  from  the  Western  Union 
building  to  the  offices  of  the  daily  press.  The 
tube  will  be  operated,  however,  from  time  to 
time  as  an  "up"  pipe,  after  the  proper  signals, 
bo  as  to  bring  back  the  empty  boxes.  The  pipe 
will  be  two  and  a  quarter  inches  in  diameter, 
and  9,000  feet  of  it  will  be  employed.  Only 
the  morning  newspapers  are  taking  advantage 
of  the  new  system.  The  offices  which  have  the 
tubes  will  be  great  gainers.  They  will  get  their 
dispatches  15  minutes  earlier,  at  the  least,  an 
important  matter  late  at  night.  The  message 
will  be  delivered  in  30  seconds.  The  Western 
Union  and  Associated  Press  will  be  able  to  save 
the  expense  of  a  great  crowd  of  messenger  boys. 
The  pipes  are  being  laid  under  the  direction  of 
Mr.  Brown,  Assistant  Superintendent  of  the 
Western  Union, — N,  Y.  Con:  Philadelphia 
Prew. 


How  Millstones  are  Made  of  Glass. 

The  Manufacturer  and  Builder  calls  the  atten- 
tion of  manufacturers  who  can  cast  heavy  pieces 
of  glass,  and  also  of  millers,  to  a  recent  Ger- 
man discovery,  that  the  finest  Hour  is  produced 
by  those  millstones  which  have  the  most 
glassy  texture  and  composition,  and  the  con- 
sequent discovery  that  pieces  of  glass  combined 
in  the  same  way  as  the  French  burr  and  simi- 
larly grooved  on  their  surfaces,  will  grind  better 
than  the  burr  millstoues.  The  consequence  of 
this  discovery  has  been  the  invention  of  the 
glass  millstones  now  made  by  Messrs.  Thorn, 
and  used  in  Germany  and  Borkendorf  with 
great  satisfaction,  as  it  is  found  they  grind  more 
easily,  and  do  not  heat  the  flour  as  much  as  is 
the  case  with  the  French  burr  Btone.  In  grind- 
ing grist,  they  run  perfectly  cold. 

In  order  to  make  such  stones,  blocks  of  glass 
of  from  6'  to  12  inches  wide  are  cast  in  a  shape 
similar  to  the  French  burrs,  but  more  regular 
and  uniform.  They  are  connected  with  cement 
in  the  same  way,  and  dressed  and  furrow-cut 
with  picks  and  pointed  hammers;  but  we  be- 
lieve that  diamond-dressing  machines  might  be 
profitably  applied.  It  is  said  that  these  millstones, 
made  of  lumps  of  hard  glass,  do  not  wear  away 
aster  than  the  burr  stones.  Sbones  of  four  and 
a  half  feet  in  diameter,  driven  by  six-horse 
power,  ground  220  pounds  of  flour  per  hour, 
and  did  it  while  remaining  cold.  The  grist  is 
drier,  looser,  and  the  hull  more  thoroughly 
separated  from  the  kernel  than  is  the  case  with 
other  stones. 

If  all  this  turns  out  to  be  correct,  it  is  a  val- 
uable discovery,  especially  when  we  consider 
the  expensiveness  of  good  blocks  of  burr. 

Experimenting. — The  Pennsylvania  railroad 
depot  at  Altoona  was  lighted  by  electric  light 
recently.  *  It  produced  a  brilliant  light,  and 
gave  general  satisfaction.  It  was  an  experi- 
mental trial,  but  the  company  have  no  idea  at 
present  of  adopting  it. 


Transmitting  Power  by  Shafting. 

In  order  to  transmit  the  motion  and  power 
of  a  shaft,  fitted  in  bearings,  to  one  or  more 
shafts  occupying  any  desired  and  changeable 
position,  Mr.  Wilhelm  Bitter,  of  Alton*,  Ger- 
many, proposes  over  one  of  the  ends  of  a  motive 
power  shaft  to  place  a  box  of  a  right-angle 
shaped  bracket,  and  a  conical  wheel  fastened 
to  the  outer  end  of  this  shaft.  The  other  angle 
of  the  bracket  is  likewise  formed  as  a  box,  the 
outer  pert  of  the  boring  being  enlarged  for  the 
reception  of  a  cylindrical  prolongation  of  a  sim- 
ilar oraeket,  and  is  furnished  with  a  set  screw 
to  secure  the  second  bracket,  which  can  be 
turned  within  the  enlarged  boring  of  the  first 
one  in  any  desired  position  of  a  circle.  A  short 
axle  passes  through  the  box  of  the  second 
bracket,  the  corresponding  projection  and  the 
box  of  the  first  bracket,  ami  each  end  of  this 
short  axle  is  furnished  with  a  conical  wheel  fas- 
tened to  it,  and  one  of  these  wheels  is  in  gear 
with  the  be  fore -described  wheel  of  the  motive- 
power  shaft,  while  the  other  conical  wheel  is  in 
gear  with  a  similar  wheel  fastened  to  the  end  of 
a  shaft  that  revolves  in  the  boring  of  the  other 
box  of  the  second  right-angle  bracket.  By 
means  of  this  gearing  the  shaft  of  the  second 
bracket  is  put  in  motion,  aud  the  axis  of  this 
shaft  can  be  turned  into  any  position  within  the 
plane  of  a  circle,  after  loosening  the  before- 
mentioned  set  screw,  and  turning  the  second 
bracket  in  the  boring  of  the  first  one.  After 
having  brought  the  shaft  of  the  second  bracket 
in  the  desired  direction,  the  position  of  the  two 
brackets  to  each  other  is  secured  by  means  of 
the  set  screw.  By  means  of  two  further  pair  of 
conical  wheels,  two  more  angle  brackets  of  sim- 
ilar construction  and  connection,  and  another 
short  axle,  the  transmission  can  be  continued 
upon  a  third  shaft,  and  the  movableness  of  this 
third  shaft  will  be  greatly  increased.  The  trans- 
mission of  motion  and  power  can  in  such  manner 
be  continued  as  far  as  necessary  to  other  shafts, 
and  the  end  of  the  last  shaft  may  be  constructed 
for  the  reception  of  a  tool,  or  a  pulley  may  be 
placed  upon  this  shaft  for  driving  a  tool  or  im- 
plement. The  conical  wheels  can  be  furnished 
with  protecting  covers. 


A  New  Steam  Wagon. 

Anew  style  of  vehicle,  designed  to  be  propelled 
by  steam,  has  recently  made  its  appearance  in 
London.  The  carriage  closely  resembles  an 
ordinary  dog-cart;  the  shafts  are  very  short, 
and  incline  together,  meeting  two  feet  in  front 
of  the  dashboard;  between  them  there  is  a  third 
wheel,  working  upon  an  upright  shaft,  which 
could  be  turned  by  a  handle  placed  the  same  as 
that  of  a  bycycle;  this  handle  is  worked  by 
reins  in  the  hands  of  the  driver.  The  fuel  used 
is  benzine,  and  the  burner  used  is  described  as 
being  no  larger  than  an  ordinary  bat.  The 
steam  is  generated  in  a  coil  boiler  of  copper. 
The  tube  of  which  the  boiler  is  composed  is 
stated  to  have  been  tested  to  a  pressure  of  2,000 
pounds  per  square  inch.  This  is,  however,  an 
unimportant  matter,  as  the  explosion  of  a  coil 
boiler  is  never  dangerous,  aud  only  results  in 
putting  out  the  fire  and  stopping  the  engine. 
The  ordinary  steam  pressure  is  about  CO  pounds. 
The  vehicle  is  described  as  working  very  handily 
and  being  under  very  complete  control.  As 
only  three  or  four  persons  are  to  be  carried, 
the  amount  of  power  required  is  merely  nominal. 
The  speed,  if  we  are  not  mistaken,  was  reported 
at  something  like  10  miles  per  hour.  If  there 
was  any  market  for  steam  road  wagons,  or 
rather  steam  pleasure  carriages,  there  would 
not  be  the  least  difficulty  in  producing  them. 
The  machinery  needed  is  very  light  and  can  be 
stowed  away  beneath  the  seats  or  in  the  box, 
while  the  quantity  of  coal  or  benzine  needed  is 
very  small.  The  speed  of  such  machines  is 
almost  unlimited.  Steam  coaches  on  good  roads 
have  made  as  high  as  35  or  40  miles  in  an  hour, 
and  from  12  to  18  were  rates  that  were  regularly 
maintained  by  some  of  the  English  steam  pas- 
senger coaches  before  the  railways  drove  them 
off  from  the  common  roads. 


Brakes  for  Freight  Trains. — The  Master 
Car-Builders'  Association,  of  New  York,  has 
recently  discussed  the  subject  of  train  brakes 
for  freight  cars.  Most  of  the  freight  cars  on 
American  lines  have  hitherto  been  using  the  old 
windless  brakes,  worked  by  brakemen.  In  a 
train  of  50  or  60  cars,  often  not  more  than  three 
or  four  brakemen  are  employed,  and  hence  a 
great  deal  of  time  is  lost  in  applying  the  brakes 
to  all  the  cars.  For  these  and  other  reasons, 
freight  trains  hardly  ever  exceed  a  speed  of  12 
miles  an  hour.  What  the  association  seeks  to 
accomplish  is  a  uniform  train  brake,  under  the 
control  of  the  engineer.  Various  brakes  were 
mentioned,  as  the  Stuart  power  brake,  the 
Westinghouse  brake,  and  other  vacuum,  steam 
and  air  brakes.  The  elevated  railroads  in  New 
York  use  air  brakes,  and  the  Hudson  River  and 
New  York  and  Harlem  River  railroads  use' 
automatic  brakes  on  their  passenger  trains,  but 
the  companies  have  not  yet  been  able  to  agree 
on  any  particular  brake,  partly  because  the  ap- 
pliance of  the  brake  to  the  cars  would  entail 
considerable  expense.  Often  cars  of  20  or  30 
different  companies  are  run  on  the  same  train. — 
Iron  Age. 

A  New  Plan  for.  Grain  Elevators. — A 
recent  number  of  the  Toledo  Blade  gives  an  ac- 
count of  some  experiments  which  have  lately 
been  made  by  Alfred  Wilkin,  of  Toledo,  for 
the  construction  of  a  machine  for  the  move- 
ment of  grain  as  if  it   were  water;  that  is,  for 


pumping  it  up  in  elevators  by  atmospheric  pres 
sure,  or  the  exhaust-process  which  is  applied  to 
the  celebrated  Westinghouse  atmoephei  ic 
brakes.  If  this  meets  with  the  success  which 
it  promisee,  it  will  constitute  an  important  im- 
provement in  handling  grain. 

(Ron-Producing  Countries  of  tue  World, 
The  leading  iron  and  steel-producing  countries 
of  the  world,  in  the  order  of  their  importance, 
are  enumerated  ;»3  follow*  j  ilreat  Britain, 
United  States,  Germany,  France,  Belgium, 
Austro- Hungary,  Russia  and  Sweden.  These 
couutries  produce  i'S\  _  of  the  world's  annual 
produce  of  iron  and  steel,  aud  all  were  repre- 
sented at  the  Paris  exhibition  except  Germany. 


The  Gyroscope— A  New  Law  of  Motion.  (?) 

The  discovery  of  a  new  law  of  motion  at  this 
day  might  be  considered  somewhat  apocryphal, 
and  also  that  a  clear  solution  of  the  mysteries 
of  the  gyroscope  was  within  the  grasp  of  the 
ordinary  man  of  letters.  Mr.  James  McCarroll, 
a  resident  of  New  York,  appears  to  have  worked 
out  a  theory  respecting  these  two  points,  which 
certainly  deserves  the  attention  of  the  savants. 
Mr.  McCarroll  avers  that  all  bodies  moving  in 
right  lines  change  their  distance  from  the  cen- 
ter of  gravity,  and.  consequently,  their  weight 
at  every  moment,  and  that  when  moving  in 
curves,  whether  concentric  with  the  circles  of 
the  earth  or  otherwise,  the  tangential  force,  an- 
tagonizing with  that  of  gravity,  serves  to  change 
their  weight  also.  Hence  he  lays  it  down  as  a 
fourth  law  of  motion  that  "a  body  is  of  uniform 
weight  when  at  rest  only." 

In  relation  to  the  mysterious  problem  of  the 
gyroscope,  his  demonstration  is  seemingly  quite 
clear  that  a  vertical  wheel  in  motion  does  not 
press  upon  the  same  points  of  its  bearings  that 
it  does  when  it  is  at  rest,  from  the  fact,  as  he 
alleges,  that  all  the  particles  of  matter  in  the 
periphery  on  one  side  of  the  wheel  have  a  ten- 
dency to  fly  off  at  various  angles  in  the  line  of 
the  earth's  gravity,  and  one  of  them  directly  in 
that  line;  while  all  the  particles  in  the  other 
half  of  the  periphery  have  a  tendency  to  fly  off 
in  a  contrary  direction,  establishing  an  unequal 
distribution  of  force  upon  the  axis  and  a  minus 
and  plus  side  of  the  wheel;  as  on  the  one  side 
we  have  the  earth's  gravity,  plus  the  tangentia 
force  of  the  wheel,  aud  on  the  other  its  gravityl 
minus  that  force.  This,  once  admitted,  the 
motion  of  the  horizontal  ring  on  which  the  ver- 
tical wheel  revolves  is  apparent  at  once;  for  the 
ring,  being  free  to  obey  any  impulse  given  it  in 
its  own  plane,  Bimply  retires  before  the  plus 
side  of  the  wheel  and  in  a  direction  contrary  to 
the  revolution  of  the  wheel  itself.  In  explana- 
tion of  the  mysterious  manner  in  which  the 
whole  weight  of  the  gyroscope  is  sustained  on 
one  side  of  the  upright  pivot  upon  which  the 
small  projection  from  the  horizontal  ring  rests 
freely,  Mr.  McCarroll  says  that  when  the  ver- 
tical wheel  is  made  to  rotate  so  rapidly  that  the 
tangential  force  is  in  excess  of  that  of  gravita- 
tion on  the  whole  mass,  both  ring  and  wheel 
will  remain  suspended,  without  any  material 
support  on  one  side  of  the  upright,  and  be  car- 
ried round  the  pivot  upon  which  the  projection 
from  the  ring  rests,  revolving  more  rapidly  as 
the  tangential  force  of  the  wheel  decreases  and 
is  the  more  readily  bent  out  of  its  plane,  until, 
falling  below  the  force  exercised  upon  the  whole 
mass  by  the  gravity  of  the  earth,  both  ring  and 
wheel  begin  to  gradually  describe  downward 
the  arc  of  a  circle  vertical  to  a  line  tangent  to 
the  earth's  surface,  with  the  pivot  for  its  center, 
and  the  axis  of  the  wheel,  together  with  the 
projection  of  the  ring,  for  its  radius,  until,  at 
last,  the  exhausted  mass  tumbles  to  the  ground. 


An  Apparatus  to  Measure  the  Varia- 
tions of  Daylight 

It  is  greatly  to  be  desired  that  a  good  and 
simple  method  be  found  of  recording  and  meas- 
uring, with  some  accuracy,  the  variations  of 
daylight  throughout  the  day.  This  would  ren- 
der the  weather  record  more  complete,  and  it 
has  an  important  special  bearing  on  plant 
physiology.  An  attempt  of  the  kind  has  lately 
been  made  by  a  German,  Herr  Kreusler,  who 
has  had  made  for  him,  by  Liebertz,  in  Bonn,  an 
apparatus  with  the  following  arrangement:  It 
consists  of  a  drum,  fixed  with  its  axis  in  the 
plane  of  the  meridian,  and  adjustable  so  as  to 
be  at  right  angles  to  the  sun's  rays.  This 
drum  has  its  border  divided  into  24  hours — 12 
noon  and  12  midnight  being  in  the  meridian 
plane.  A  strip  of  paper,  sensitized  with  solu- 
tion of  bichromate  of  potassium,  and  having 
divisions  which  correspond  to  those  on  the 
drum,  is  placed  round  this.  A  second  drum 
closely  surrounds  the  first,  aud  is  turned  by 
clock-work  (from  which  it  can  be  detached) 
once  in  24  hours,  in  the  direction  of  the  sun's 
apparent  course.  The  second  drum  has  a  slit 
for  admitting  light  to  the  paper;  its  width  is 
such  that  any  point  on  the  paper  is  exposed  20 
Beconds  as  the  slit  passes  over.  The  whole 
apparatus  is  placed  in  the  open  air  under  a  glass 
bell  jar.  Its  arrangement  gives  little  trouble; 
the  paper  strip  has  merely  to  be  placed  in  its 
right  position  at  night  or  under  artificial  shade 
(to  avoid  coloration),  and  the  outer  drum  slid 
over  and  so  attached  to  the  rotating  axis  that 
the  "insolation  slit"  is  opposite  the  hour  then 
present.     The  slit  then  begins  to  move  round 


the  inner  drum  correspondingly  to  the  sun's 
course.  The  impressed  slip,  when  removed  in 
the  evening,  may  be  "fixed  by  shortly  dipping 
in  water  and  drying  between  Uuttiug"paper,  or 
it  may  not,  being  quickly  read;  it  shows  a 
mostly  continuous  succession  of  bands  of  various 
shades  of  black,  or  rather  brown.  Poi  com- 
parison, Herr  Kreusler  made  a  scale  of  10  de- 
grees of  darkening,  exposing  strips  of  the  paper 
a  uiveii  time  under  different  angles  of  incidents 
of  light.  Bands  of  the  experimental  strip  that 
appear  homogeneous  are  now  measured  with 
reference  to  breadth  and  intensity,  and  the 
sum  of  the  products  of  those  quantities  is  taken 
as  a  measure  of  the  action  of  light  rays  falling 
on  the  instrument  in  a  given  time.  The  results 
are  considered  highly  satisfactory. 

Straw   Dynamite. 

By  submitting  straw  to  a  boiling  operation 
for  15  or  IS  hours  in  an  alkaline  solution  (salts 
of  soda  or  of  potash)  at  a  temperature  of  2*  to  3° 
Baume,  the  straw  is  then  easily  disintegrated, 
and  the  fatty  or  other  soluble  matters  which  it 
contains  are  dissolved  and  carried  off  by  the 
water,  when  the  latter  is  withdrawn.  The 
fibers  are  then  triturated,  aud  a  perfect  washing 
effected  at  the  same  time  by  means  of  either  a 
cylinder  stuff  engine,  similar  to  those  used  in 
paper  mills,  or  by  means  of  revolving  millstones. 
During  the  trituration  a  current  of  water  should 
constantly  wash  the  fibers. 

It  is  essential  that  this  pulp  does  not  retain 
any  alkaline  reaction,  which  is  ensured  by  add- 
ing sulphuric  acid  or  hydro-chloride  acid  in  suf- 
ficient quantity  that  the  washing  water  has  a 
slightly  acid  reaction.  The  fibers  thus  tritur- 
ated and  prepared  are.after  having  beenperfectly 
dried,  ready  to  undergo  the  reactions  which 
render  them  explosive.  To  facilitate  the  manip- 
ulations, the  pulp  is  treated  by  the  paper  ma- 
chine, and  should  produce  a  sheet  weighing 
about  300  grammes  to  the  square  meter.  The 
thickness  may  be  varied  at  will,  The  sheet 
thus  formed  is  cut  into  fragments  three  or  four 
millimeters  square,  immersed  in  nitro-sulphuric 
acid,  and  well  washed.  To  transform  the  ma- 
terials into  nitro-cellulose  more  economically, 
the  fragments  may  be  immersed  in  a  compound 
of  nitrate  of  soda  or  of  potash  and  concentrated 
sulphuric  acid,  the  result  being  the  same. 

A  nitro-cellulose  of  straw  is,  according  to  Mr. 
A.  Lanfrey,  of  Charkres,  France,  thus  obtained 
of  a  very  energetic  explosive  property,  and  at 
the  same  time  of  great  stability,  qualities  which 
the  nitro-cellulose  of  cotton  does  not  possess. 
The  absolute  stability  of  this  nitro-cellulose,  of 
such  importance  to  explosive  bodies,  is  thus  ex- 
plained. The  fibers  of  the  straw  are  formed  of 
cellulose  containing  in  the  state  of  combination 
a  considerable  quantity  of  silica  in  the  form  of 
silicates.  This  silica  acts  in  straw  nitro-cellu- 
lose in  the  same  way  as  in  dynamite,  fixing  the 
nitro-glycerine,  and  giving  a  stability  to  this 
substance,  which  it  does  not  possess  when  it  is 
alone.  For  this  reason  he  prefers  oat  straws,  which 
contain  more  silica  than  the  other  straws,  al- 
though they  also  give  good  products.  The  frag- 
ments of  straw  nitro-cellulose  thus  neutralized 
and  retaining  a  slight  alkaline  reaction,  are  put, 
after  having  been  drained,  into  a  nitric  solution 
containing  dextrin,  and  if  required  powdered 
charcoal  in  a  state  of  suspension.  These  solu- 
tions vary  with  the  uses  to  which  the  explosive 
is  intended  to  be  put. 

The  Chaitms  of  Natural  Science. —  The 
Earl  of  Derby,  in  an  address  at  the  Edinburgh 
University,  said:  "Of  the  gains  derivable  from 
natural  science  I  do  not  trust  myself  to  speak; 
my  personal  knowledge  is  too  limited,  and  the 
subject  is  too  vast.  But  so  much  as  this  I  can 
say — that  those  who  have  in  them  a  real  and 
deep  love  of  scientific  research,  whatever  their 
position  in  other  respects,  are  so  far  at  least 
among  the  happiest  of  mankind.  *  *  No 
passion  is  so  absorbing,  no  labor  is  so  assuredly 
its  own  reward  (well  that  it  is  so,  for  other  re- 
wards are  few);  and  they  have  the  satisfaction 
of  knowing  that,  while  satisfying  one  of  the 
deepest  wants  of  their  own  natures,  they  are 
at  the  same  time  promoting  in  the  most  effect- 
ual manner  the  interests  of  mankind.  Scien- 
tific discovery  has  this  advantage  over  almost 
every  other  form  of  successful  human  efforts, 
that  its  results  are  certain,  that  they  are  per- 
manent, that  whatever  benefits  grow  out  of  them 
are  world-wide.  Not  many  of  us  cau  hope  to 
extend  the  range  of  knowledge  in  however  mi- 
nute a  degree;  but  to  know  and  to  apply  the 
knowledge  that  has  been  gained  by  others,  to 
have  an  intelligent  appreciation  of  what  is 
going  on  around  us,  is  iu  itself  one  of  the  high- 
est and  most  enduring  of  pleasures." 

Nickel  Plating  withoot  a  Battery. — Prof. 
Slatba  has  invented  and  published  a  process  for 
nickel-plating  without  a  battery,  which  is  said 
to  give  good  results.  The  process  is  described 
as  follows:  To  a  dilute  solution  of  chloride  of 
zinc  (5%  to  10%)  enough  nickel  sulphate  is  to  be 
added  to  impart  a  decidedly  green  color  to  it, 
and  the  solution  is  then  to  be  heated  to  boiling 
in  a  porcelain  vessel.  The  clouding  of  the  liquid 
from  the  separation  of  a  basic  zinc  salt  need  not 
be  heeded,  as  it  will  not  interfere  with  the  ef- 
fectiveness of  the  bath.  The  articles  to  be 
nickel-coated — first  carefully  cleaned  of  oxide  or 
grease — are  to  be  suspended  in  the  solution  for 
from  30  to  60  minutes,  the  bath  being  kept  at  a 
boiling  temperature.  When  the  articles  are 
observed  to  be  uniformly  coated,  they  may  be 
removed,  washed  in  water  in  which  a  little 
chalk  is  suspended,  dried,  and  finally  polished 
with  chalk  or  other  suitable  material. 


228 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[April  12,  1879. 


Table  of  Highest  and  Lowest  Sales  in 
S.  F.  Stock  Exchange. 


Name  of 
Company. 

TVeck 
En  <iiita 
liar.  20. 

We 
1,11.1 
Mar 

194 
5.90 
40o 

i!io 

1 

84 

elc 

I1IK 

■->:. 

Week 
Endlne 
Apr.  3. 

Week 
Ending 
Apr.  10. 

AInha 

50c 

'750 
1 

91 

70c 
2l| 

2.60 
35c 

? 

17 

l« 
75c 

1 

3i 

6 
3.65 
51 
13} 
1.60 

6 

7 

50c 
50o 

10c 

35o 

27 
51 
5c 

i'.60 
30c 

10 

11 

12} 
18! 
24 

60c 

20c 
1.85 
52 
*5 
7S 

ej 
1.55 

1.65 
9  to 
35c 
60o 

50c 
55c 
2 
7 
Si 

411 

114 
60c 
11} 

40c 

36} 
25c 
14 

40c 

61 

16' 
36 
493 

84 

45c 

2! 

1.35 

45o 
1 

300 

65c 

2.90 
80c 

25c 
77 
20 

1.70 
20c 
25c 

'26I 

■a 

40c 

i!3o 
.... 

-81 

16! 
5 
35c 

'96c 

"6J 
40c 
15 
44 

1.70 
30c 

6 

3 
151 

i.a 

60c 
2.10 
4.  Si) 
2.10 

351 

10 

1.05 

1.60 

43 

2cc 

'26c 
1« 
31 
5c 

.„. 

'50c 
7 

93 
13 

10c 

i'M 
4 

31 
5 

43 

60c 
1 

85c 
20c 
60c 

30c 

H 
6 
I 

24i 

73 

55c 
94 

30c 

244 

55c 
9 

15c 

54 
65o 

"93 

'37 

1.30 

30c 
2 
1 

30c 
40c 
15c 

1.90 
75c 
15c 

53! 
12 

1 

114 

181      17 
64       44 
40o    .... 

T   '.'.'.'. 

1       90c 
8J       6 

45c     40c 

161      15 

51    4.95 

1.90       14 

35c     30c 
7         61 
34       3 

161      154 

3!    3.20 

lj    1.30 

70o     50c 

2.55    2.10 

54  4.90 
3         24 

461     42 

14"      11 

1.35    1.05 

H    4.90 

55  44 

40c     15c 
25c    .... 

5c    .... 

'360     25c 
19       153 
5     4.80 
30c    .... 

"63    S\35 

10         9 
55c      45c 

64       7 
111      10! 

13       1 
45c     35c 

20c      15c 
1.60       11 
4.30    3.81 
3.85    3.20 

7  6 

5         4! 
10c    .... 

(.15      80c 
1.10       1 

1  50c 
30c      20c 
60c    .... 

25o    .... 

11    1.10 

64      54 

1.30    1.10 
33J      29 

3     .... 

91       7t 
80c     60c 

10  94 

25c    

24J      20) 
60c     55c 

11  91 

2}       2 

20c      10c 

5J       6 

'iii  "si 
'47'   'iii 

l.  60    1.35 

8  71 

65c      40c 
21    2.05 
lj    1.40 
35c    .... 
35o     30c 
30c     20c 
60c     50c 

2  1! 
75c    .... 
20c      15c 
60        544 
151      13: 

20       163 

5i       33 

Alps 

Atlantic 

L30  i'.os 

50o    .... 
61       53 

50o.  50c 
}8i   17} 
5|     51 

40c      15c 

163     14 
51    4.70 

1.20 

"5J 
4 

161 

2i 
50c 

80c 
2.7" 

1S 

15 
155 
1.35 
53 
61 

2oc 
20c 

'30c 

21 
5 

"ii 
25c 

9 

15c 
Mi 
16 
21 
50c 

15c 

1.70 

51 

1.10 
7 

5} 

1.20 

1] 
80c 
30c 
50c 

25c 
10c 
lj 
61 

05c 

374 

91 

40c 

103 

30c 

331 
5c 

Hi 

25c 

6! 

75c 

'i'4 

30 
454 

1.30 

40c 
2 
1 

40c 

40c 
5c 
6O0 

2.15 
35c 

4.20 
17 

4 
2 

85o 

2.65 

55 

3.20 

434 

143 

1.35 

a 

40c 
150 

bo 

Mo 
22 
41 
25o 

i!30 
30c 

9j 
70o 

9| 
134 

21 
50o 

20c 
13 

3.80 
51 

5 
15o 

11 
11 
11 

30o 

750 

85c 

1.80 

64 

1.30 

351 

93 

80c 
101 

35c 

31 

75o 
103 

35c 

6i 
70c 

iij 

'474 

1.80 

8 

1 

2.40 
1.80 
40c 
50c 
25c 
50o 

1.80       14 

45o     35c 

10         74 

35       3 
21       18 

2      1.30 

75c     50o 

2}    2.15 
4       51 

64        5j 
14}      12 
1.55    1.20 
6      4.9.1 
54      44 

40c     30c 

35c    .... 

DeFrees 

Daney 

30o      25c 

18       16 

Endowment 

Gen  Thomas 

J         4i 
2oo    

"34    "31 
30c     25c 

91    .... 

50c     45c 

Gould  &  Curry 
Hi'«  fe  Norcross. , . . 

74       61 
101       7} 
2         1} 

45c     35o 
ISc    .... 

1.55       14 
1.90    3.40 

1.70    3.15 

8         7 

51    4.60 
100     .... 

95c     75o 
1.20     70c 

75c     60c 

50c     20c 

60c     55o 

2}       21 

303     29 

North  Coo  Virginia 
Northern  Belle 

"8'     "73 
70c     55c 
10         98 

75o    .... 

23       203 

Payraond  &  Ely 

3}        13 

15c      10c 
51        4 

53        4 

Rough  &  Ready. 

Savage. 

101        9 
31        20 
433      401 
11    1.10 
71        7 

21    2.10 

South  Standard. . . . 
Star 

35c     .... 
60c      40c 
31c      15c 

60c  1.05 
20c   20c 
69     664 
174  18 

1.401.35 
15c  10c 

'.'.'.'.  \"i' 

17! '  16 

56}      53 
15        131 

Utah 

White  Cloud....:... 

i5c      10c   lOo       5o 
15c 

14}     13Sl  i5i     13 

Sales  at  S.  F.  Stock  Exchange. 


Friday  A.  M.,   Apr.  4. 

341  Alta 4i@4.60 

150  Alpha 17@l6j 

150  Aades 30c 

180  Be8t&  Belcher...  14@14_ 

570  Bullion 4J@1.70 

435  Belcher 5£@5-a 

350  Benton 2 

15  Orown  Point 4$ 

435  Con  Virginia 4.95@5 

130  Chollar 41(240^ 

45  Challenge 2; 

20  Caledonia 2.15 

1995  Con  Imperial.. ..1.20^1 

160  Oonddence 1: 

1331  K-cch.quer 4]<«4.5. 

800  Flowery 50,*5  ic 

370  Gould  &  Curry 6," 

430  rl.iIe&Nor 91@3, 

740  riiatiae 3. ■)(),«" J.  V* 

970  Julia 8.80&J3 

250  Kossuth 10c 

3iV>  Lady  Bryan i)j<<s  JOc 

205  Lady  Wudli 1 

450  L  jviatltaii 2  @J0r 

8a0  Mexican 29J(Cf29l 

125  Miekjy 2£t<VJ.'J". 

f»0  M;View 2* 

1195  N  Bonanza l@l.0o 

B10  N;w  V.ipk  60@35( 

IS )  North  Cjq  Vir 7; 

220  Ophir 20j@20! 

110  Overman 9.S9; 

200  Occidental 75c 

50  Pail  Sharidan 10c 

300  Solid  Silver 35  a)J0c 

IjKl  -<ilvnr  Hill IJfrtil  .20 

410  Savage 9@9J 

ajj  dure*  Nevj.au......... Mi 

150  Suooor 5'Jiji, 

215  Scorpion 1.4Uwi  .30 

303  Trajan 10c 

105  Utah 

IZOiUuton  Con 5;Vt-33.'. 

850  Ward 95c(tfl 

235  Yellow  Jacfcet 13®13J 


AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

370  Arcenta. 1.05 

100  Albion. 25c 

2)0  Belle  Isle 40c 

375  Bolwer. 1S@184 

570  Bodie 10 

835  Bechtel 1.70@l.S0 

1525  Booker 5Q@55c 

1235  Belvidere 1.30@1.45 

300  Champion 35c 

200  C  Pacific 2.20@2i 

710  Dudley .65c 

100  Day...  25c 

285  Eureka  Con 17@16i 

200  Giant&OA 5 

200  Goodshaw 50c 

25  Hillside 1} 

5J0  Highbridge 40c 

10  tmlepjnttijuce 1.55 

210  Jackson 7 

85)  Jupiter 40@35c 

120  Leopard 75c 

10  Manhattan 21 

7 10  McClinton Vrtl .  10 

1120  M.no 3.40iffJ.35 

503  Noonday 1.70^*1  J 

550  N  Noonday 45c 

100  Navajo 25c 

500  Oriental 55@60c 

50  Paradifje 1 .  80 

300  Phenix lj 

510  Raymonds.  Ely 4j@4 

410  Real  del  Monte 6@7 

275  Revenue 1.15 

80  Rad  Cloud t 

125  Summit 2t 

450  SBodie 4=vav,0 

470  SBulwer 85@90o 

630  S  Standard uo-yi^c 

100  Star. 50c 

600  Tuscarora 5c 

390  Tioga  Con 1.80«*ljJ 

900  University 40c 

satin-day  A.  M..  Apr    5. 

100  Alpha 17i@l73 

150  Alta. 4.55 

200  Andes 30c 


200  Albion 24c|  150  SBulwer. 85c 

280  Beat  &  Belcher...  15@14£  1300  S  Standard 25@20c 

535  Belcher 5§@6  950  8  Bodie 55c 

320  Bullion 4.80  400  Tuscarora :5c 

70  Benton 3  295  Tioga  Con 1.90@1£ 

50  Belmont 15c   145  Tiptop 70c 


250  Belle  Isle 40c 

65  Bulwer 18@18i 

360  Bechtel U 

440  Bodie 10 

1215  Black  Hawk... 3. 60(33. 95 

20  Booker 70@60c 

770  Belvidere 13@2 

320  Crown  Point 4J@l.6T 

630  California 54<&5L 

610  Chollar 5* 

1100  Con  Virginia 5g@5f 

1720  Con  Imperial 1.20(ftl| 

105  Caledonia 2. 15(*2. 20 

180  Challeufle. 2$ 

450  Champion 35<a30c 

200  Concordia 35c 

600  Caledonia  (B  H) 2j 

575  C  Pacific 2.15@2* 

100  Chieftain 10c 

530  Dudley 65@60c 

300  Day   30c 

525  Exchequer 4, 

250  Eureka  Con 

200  Endowment -_.25c 

650  Flowery 

315  Gould  &  Curry 7@6& 

220  Grand  Prize 3j 

10  Golden  Terra 

650  Goodshaw 50c 

100  H  &  NorcroBS 9J 

1190  Highbridge 40(3451 

200  Hamburg 60@60i 

70  Indepenaence 1' 

370  Jackson 7i<38 

725  Justice 3.15^3 

210  Julia 3j@3.  I 

450  Jupiter 50< 

60  Ke  ituok.... 4j@.: 

240  L  Bryan 80@75c 

640  Leviathan 20@25i 

150  Lady  Wash 70. 

80  Leopard 65t 

100  Leeds 60t 

40  Manhattan 2j 

1430  Mexican 30,1(329 

1-0  Mountain  View 2. 

130  Mackey 2.80(g>2.8 

2035  McClinton l.I0@l,3i 

610  Mono 3.40W3J 

90  M  White 6 

290  New  York 60< 

240  N  Con  Virginia 7j(afc 

580  N  Bonanza lj@I.3( 

90  Northern  Belle I 

450  Noonday ljlff 

100  N  Noonday 50i 

220  Ouhir 20J(a20: 

220  Overman 9@9 

90  Oriental.. fi0@5.-i 

380  Phil  Sheridan 15<S10, 

32u  1'otosi 5j(^ 

100  Paradise l.St 

2  5  Phenix 2(a-2, 

920  Raymond  &E 4@1, 

525  Eeal  del  Monte ■.  c  ■ 

100  Revenue lOi 

20  Seg  Belcher 2i 

200  Savage ! 

145  Sierra  Nevada 41@40 

1450  Silver  Hill 1.10@l.2i 

450  Scorpion 1.41 

250  Solid  Silver 35( 

350  Summit 2.40(32i 

1140  Soutb  Bodie 50ifl>55. 

860  S  Bulwer 90@55i 

150  S  Stauford S0W30. 

300  Trojau 15( 

690  Tioga 1 

13U0  TuBcarora, 61 

2u0  Tiptop 75i 

130  Union  Con 55@55 

45  Utah 13S@<- 

900  University Hit 

325  Ward 

200  WeUs-Fargo 10( 

90  Yellow  Jacket..  .I3i@13 
•UoiKluy  A.  AI..  Apr.  3. 

80  Alta. 3i@4.6 

40  Alpha 18; 

;:> '  AudeB ;s;>, 

480  Belcher 5j.a5, 

2 30  Benton 3.20.J? . 

1490  Bullion 5(35 

70  Best&Beloher 15: 

305  California Hvt\ 

1695  Con  Virginia 54 

340  Chollar 1 

80  Confidence 12@I2 

670  Con  imperial lj<gl.3i 

410  Crown  Point 4.5. 

46  Challenge 2J 

260  Caledonia 2.1; 

330  Exchequer 4.65(34 

245  Gould  a  Curry 6i(<*6 

335  Hale  &  Nor 98(39,, 

20  Julia 3.4i 

405  Justice 31(33.5; 

185  Kentuck .' 

675  Leviathan mm.!;., 

80  Lady  Wash 75c 

700  Lady  Bryan 75c 

320  Mexican 29@29, 

50  Mackey 2.% 

450  New  York 65(360c 

650  NBonanza. 1.20(31- 

200  North  Con  Vir 8(<»7 

300  Ophir 20 

150  Overman ' 

950  Phil  Sheridan 10 

50  Potosi 5@4 

120  Savage 9; 

100  Silver  Hill 1.20(31.15 

580  SierraNevada. 4'. 

235  Scorpion 1.40@i$ 

800  Solid  Stiver 35c 

200  Trojan 15c 

175  Union  Con 54J(354J 

50  Utah 14j 

175  Ward l@95c 

15  Yellow  Jacket...  134(313^ 
AFTBKNOON  SKBbliJN. 

1260  Argenta 1.10@1.20 

100  Albion 25c 

2500  Belle  Isle 35c 

270  Belmont , 

1 160  Bechtel 1J(31 .60 

335  Bodie Ci(38i 

100  Bulwer. ?19; 

330  Belvidere li@1.8t 

1635  Black  Hawk 44(34.40 

630  Booker 75@70c 

570  Con  Pacific 2J 

100  Chieftain ]0c 

325  Caledonia  (B  H) 2£ 

1' 0  Champion 40c 

200  Day 30c 

520  Dudley " 

90  Eureka  Con 

300  Endowment 25c 

115  Grand  Prize 3.40 

100  Gila 25c 

£20  Goodshaw 

250  Giant  &0  A 5 

50  Hussey 15c 

100  Hamburg 50c 

350  Highbridge 45c 

200  Hillside H@H 

7S0  Independence.... 

30  Jackson Ti 

850  Jupiter 50c 

110H  Leopard 

200  Leeds 55c 

300  Manhattan i 

1450  McClinton 1.20@l} 

480  Mono — 

1100  Noonday 

250  NNo  nday 75c 

HO  Northern  Belle... 

33  Phenix 

150  Paradise 

480  Raymond  &  Ely.  .4 

160  Real  del  Monte £ 

300  R -venue I 

3110  Red  Cloud 75c 

170  Star 50l 

1000  Summit 2J 


1190  University 400(31.95 

rueariuy  A.  M.«  Apr.  8. 

140  Alta 4.60(34.70 

355  Alpha 19*@19i 

150  Andes 40c 

530  Belcher 61(3*5 

50  Baltimore  Con 50c 

5  0  Bullion 5(354 

200  Best  &  Belcher....  16i@16 

180  Benton 3.20 

385  California 54 

2675  Con  Virginia 5g<S6 

170  CboUar 6i(a61 

420  Crown  Point 4.80 

125  Confidence 13(3131 

2515  Con  Imperial.  ...li(31. 40 

350  Caledonia 2.20 

b75  Challenge 2.65@2.55 

700  Exchequer 4.90@5 

10J  Flowery. 65c 

490  Goulds, Curry 7(37i 

285  H  &  Norcross 9g(c?10 

635  Julia 3j 

1130  Justice 4@4.05 

10  Kentuck 5J 

840  Lady  Bryan 75@80c 

200  Lady  Wash 1.20 

200  Leviathan 50c 

250  Mexican 29JC330 

150  Mackey 2.90 

150  MtView 13 

100  New  York 70c 

i225  N  Bonanza lj@1.35 

30  Oveimau '.<;' 

375  Ophir 2li@21i 

HO  Potosi 4.80&4J 

850  Phil  Sheridan 10c 

715  Savage 9J@95 

8/0  Silv.  r  Hill l|@1.30 

40  Seg  Belcher 24 

150  Succor 60c 

200  Solid  Silver 35c 

750  Scorpion lj 

75  Sierra  Nevada... 43,@43j 

535  Trojan 20(2100 

150  Utah 14i 

120  Union  Con 551(356 

1O0  Wells-Fargo 10c 

j20  Ward 1(31 .1  5 

900  Yellow  Jacket.. ..13JC314 

AFTERMJUW  bESbilois. 

900  Argenta IJ@1.30 

<05C  Albion 20c 

190  Bodie 8(581 

020  Bechtel 1.60@1.65 

700  Belle  Isle 40t£45c 

360  Belmont 35c 

OuO  Booker. 60c 

295  Bulwer £01(3202 

106-  Belvidere J. 60^1. 40 

180  Black  Hawk 4(34.20 

100  Chi-ltain 10c 

005  Champion 35(340c 

120  C  Pacific 2.40@2i 

600  Dudley 50@60c 

J50  Day 30(a25c 

70  Eureka  Con 18 

400  Goodshaw E0(345c 

4. 0  Grand  Prize  . . . 3 . 40(fi3 . 35 

600  Highbridge 45c 

200  Hifieide 14 

5£0  Independence lj 

200  laa. 45c 

570  Jackson 7 

900  Jupiter 50c 

155  Leopard 65c 

100  Leeds 60c 

400  Manhattan 2.35(32i 

20  M  White 6} 

690  Mono 2.90(32.80 

700  McClinton 1.30(31; 

600  May  Belle 25c 

360  Noonday 2J@2J 

300  N  Noonday 75c(«1.05 

70  Phenix 3 

200  Paradise lj 

60  Raymond  &  Ely -1 ' 

450  Richer 80@75c 

740  Summit 2.10(33  15 

20J  South  Standard 20c 

650  S  Bodie 40@u0c 

225  SBulwer SOtg'&'ic 

400  Star 40c 

12o  Si.ver  King 7i(«7 

250  Tiptop 70c 

100  Tuscarora 5c 

520  Tioxa  Con 1.85@1.90 

'92J  University 50(«45c 

.1  r*r>«lay  A.  11.,  Apr.  9. 

295  Alta 5i@H 

iOO  Andes 40c 

k55  Belcher 5g(352 

80  B  &  Belcher 152(rol5j 

400  Brilliant 30c 

155  Benton 3.20(3ai 

300  Bullion 5(35j 

220  Caledonia 2 .  20^2} 

125  Challenge 2.60(ct2.70 

110  Cahforuia 5i(<i5J 

75  Confidence 13* 

1375  Con  Imperial 1.40 

980  Con  Virginia 52 

100  Chollar 6J 

410  Crown  Point 4.80(34* 

695  Exchequer 4.90<«'5 

760  Flowery 50@60c 

480  Gould  &  Curry 7i@74 

310  Hale  fit  Nor 10@h4 

240  Julia 3  85(33.9' 

8J5  Justice 4.70(34.65 

90  Kentuck 4  60 

50  Lady  Bryan 80c 

950  Leviathan 45@40c 

375  Mexican 29j(330 

630  Mackey 3.15(33.05 

100  Mount  View lj 

375  N  Bonanza....  1.35@1. 40 

20  North  Con  Vir 8 

200  New  York 60c 

100  Ophir 2l|@2i4 

245  Overman 9|@91 

220  Potosi 4(3}4.10 

250  Phil  Sheridan. .  ..t . . .  .10c 

505  Silver  Hill 1.20@1.15 

620  Succor. 60(355c 

555  Savage stjj(39J 

325  S  Nevada 42I@43 

300  Solid  Silver 35c 

135  Scorpion 1J@1.65 

400  Trojan 20c 

105  Utah 143@l4fi 

176  Union 544 

150  Wells-Fargo 5@l0c 

270  Ward 1.05 

490  Yellow  Jacket. . . .  14@14J 

AFTKKNCON  bKaHlON. 

1150  Argenta lj 

1000  Albion 20c 

2  0  Belmont 35@40c 

10  Belle  Isle 40c 

200  Bodie 71 

540  Bu'wer 21J<32l 

600  Belvidere ll(al.60 

990  Bechtel 1,@1.55 

1205  Black  Hawk 4J(«41 

815  Booker. 55<350c 

1850  Champion 35@30c 

1450  C  Pacific 2.00@2.80 

50  Chieftain 10c 

100  Caledonia  (B  H) 2i 

330  Dudley 5Cc 

50  Eureka  Con 171 

400  Gila 30o 

150  Grand  Prize 34 

450  Goodshaw 45c 

150  Hussey 15c 

700  Highbiidge 40(5*- 

300  HiiiBide .2 

400  Independence 1.55 

700  Jupiter 50c 

20  Jackann 74 

200  Leopard 70c 

365  Manhattan 24(32.40 

900  McClinton 1?30\31 ) 

925  Mono 2.90@3i 

800  Navajo 25c 


MINING  SHAREHOLDERS'  DIRECTORY. 


Compiled  every  Thursday  from  Advertisements  in  Mining  and  Scientific  Press  and  other  S.  F.  Journals. 
ASSESSMENTS-STOCKS  ON  THE  LISTS  OP  THE  BOARDS. 


Company. 

Uta  S  M  Co 
Belcher  S  M  Co 
DeFrees  M  &  M  Co 
Endowment  M  Co 
Exchequer  M  Co 
Gould  &  Curry  S  M  Co 
Hale  &  Norcross  S  M  Co 
Leviathan  M  Co 
Leopard  MCo 
Manhattan  S  M  Co 
Martin  White  M  Co 
McCrackin  Con  M  Co 
Modnck  Con  M  Co 
Mono  G  M  Co 
N  Cou  Virginia  M  Co 
Panther  M  Co 
Pbil  Sheridan  G  k  S  M  Co 
South  Bulwer  G  M  Co 
South  Standard  M  Co 
Trojau  M  Co 
Real  Del  Monte  M  Co 
Tioga  Con  M  Co 
Tuscarora  M  &  M  Co 
Union  Con  S  M  Co 


Location.  No. 

California  14 

Nevada  17 

Nevada  9 

Nevada  3 

Nevada  13 

Nevada  35 

Nevada  61 

Nevada  8 

Nevada  10 

Nevada  2 

Nevada  5 

Arizona  2 

California  8 

California  3 

Nevada  16 

Nevada  11 

Nevada  9 

California  2 

California  4 

Nevada  10 

Nevada  6 

California  5 

Nevada 


Amt.  Levied. 

1  00  Feb  20 

1  00  Feb  7 

10  Mar  11 

25  Feb  20 

1  00  Feb  26 

1  00  Mar  11 

1  00  Mar  12 

25  Mar  6 

50  MarlO 

1  00  Mar  3 

1  50  Dec  14 

50  Oct  22 

50  Feb  13 

50  Mar  27 

1  00  Mar  21 


Nevada    12 


40  Mar  24 

10  Feb  27 

15  Feb  25 

25  Apr  9' 

50  Mar  29 

20  Apr  3 

05  Mar  27 

1  50  Apr  2 


Deunq'u 
Mar  27 
Mar  12 
April 
Mar  31 
Mar  31 
Apr  16 
Apr  16 
Apr  12 
Apr  14 
Apr  8 
Jan  21 
Mar  3 
Mar  24 
Mayl 
Apr  24 
May  7 
Apr  25 
Mar  31 
Mar  31 
May  15 
Mayl 
MayS 
May  5 
May  5 


Apr  15 
April  1 
May  3 
Apr  21 
Apr  21 
May  7 
May8 
May  2 
May  5 
Apr  30 
Apr  19 
May  15 
Apr  15 
May  21 
May  13 
May  28 
May  13 
Apr  21 
Apr  21 
June  6 
May  20 
May  28 
May  30 
May  24 


Secretary. 
W  H  Watson 
Jno  Crockett 
T  E  Atkinson 
R  H  Brown 
Joseph  Grass 
A  K  Durbrow 
Joel  F  Lightner 
F  E  Luty 
R  H  Brown 
Jno  Crockett 
J  J  Scoville 
H  A  Whiting 
J  WPew 
Wm  H  Lent 
G  C  Pratt 
J  WPew 
D  L  Thomas 
Wm  Stuart 
C  A  Sankey 
David  Wilder 
C  V  D  Hubbard 
W  H  Lent 
M  E  Sperlimr 
J  M  Buffington 


Place  of  Business 

302  Montgomery  at 

203  Bush  st 

318  Pine  st 

327  Pine  at 

418  California  st 

309  Montgomery  at 

309  Montgomery  st 

507  Montgomery  st 

327  Pine  at 

203  Bush  Bt 

59  Nevada  Block 

211  Sansome  at 

310  Pine  at 

309  Montgomery  at 

309  Montgomery  st 

310  Pine  at 

203  Bush  at 

320  Sanaome  st 

331  Montgomery  st 

328  Montgomery  Bt 

203  Bush  st 

309  Montgomeryst 

309  California  Bt 

309  California  Bt 


OTHER  COMPANIES-NOT  ON  THE  LISTS  OP  THE  BOARDS. 


Amazon  Con  M  Co 

Aurora  T  &  M  Co 

Con  Dorado  M  Co 

Day  S  M  Co 

Diana  G  &  S  M  Co 

Dudley  M  Co 

Eagle  SM&  MCo 

Equitable  T&  MCo 

Globe  <  'on  M  Co 

Godfrey  Gravel  M  Co 

Hazard  G  M  Co 

Hidalgo  M  &  S  Co 

Howe  S  M  Co 

Jupiter  M  Co 

Lewis  Con  S  M  Co 

Mayflower  Gravel  M  Co 

McMillenSMCo 

New  York  M  Co 

Northern  Light  G  &  S  M  Co 

North  Noonday  M  Co 

Noonday  M  Co 

Pinal  M  &  M  Co 

Pioneer  Con  M  Co 

Oueen  Bee  M  Co 

Red  Hill  H&WCo 

Richer  M  Co 

Stiver  King  South  M  Co 

Summit  M  Co 

Seg  Europa  M  Co 

Snuth  Utah  M  Co 

Tigf  r  M  Co 

University  G  M  Co 

Wide  Awake  Prospecting  &  M 

Mt  Jefferson  M  &  M  Co 


Nevada  6 

California  3 

Nevada  1 

Nevada  3 

Nevada  3 

California  3 

Nevada  12 

Utah  20 

Nevada  11 

California  4 

California  3 

California  1 

Nevada  1 

California  2 

Arizona  1 

California  4 

Arizona  2 

Nevada  IS 

California  3 

California  1 

California  2 

Arizona  1 

Nevada  5 

California  2 

California  1 

California  2 

Arizona  3 

California  7 

Nevada  1 

Nevada  2 

Arizona  3 

California  1 

Co       Ariz  6 

California  6 


10 

Mar  34 

'» 

Feb  34 

511 

MarlO 

lb 

Feb  6 

III 

Febia 

as 

Apr  8 

Mil 

Feb  19 

111 

Mar  21 

111 

Mar  29 

IU> 

Jan  17 

in 

Marai 

111 

Mar  29 

IB 

Feb  24 

111 

Feb  15 

(W 

Mara6 

111 

Mar  26 

as 

Mar  19 

411 

Feb  IS 

in 

Jan  23 

an 

Mar  27 

an 

Mar  27 

K  mi 

Feb  19 

(IS 

Mar  6 

111 

Mar  6 

IM> 

Feb  24 

as 

Mar  8 

in 

Mar  12 

05 

Feb  4 

as 

Apr  4 

111 

Apr  7 

Ml 

Mar  14 

111 

Marl 

in 

Febl 

do 

Mar  21 

Apr  28 
April  1 
Apr  12 
Mar  15 
Mar  27 
May  10 
Mar  24 
Apr  23 
Apr  30 
Feb  20 
Apr  22 
May  8 
Mar  31 
Mar  18 
May  3 
Apr  30 
Apr  23 
Mar  25 
Apr  10 
May  2 
Mayl 
Apr  5 
Apr  12 
Apr  9 
Mar  31 
Apr  14 
Apr  23 
Mar  11 
May  8 
May  10 
Apr  23 
Apr  5 
April  1 
May  2 


May  20 
Apr  30 
Apr  30 
Aprils 
Apr  12 
June  9 
Apr  15 
May  14 
May  16 
Apr  28 
May  9 
June  9 
Apr  21 
Apr  16 
May  26 
May  20 
May  15 
Apr  15 
Apr  28 
May  23 
May  22 
May  5 
May  3 
May  5 
Apr  17 
May  5 
May  20 
May  fi 
May  27 
May  31 
May  19 
Apr  26 
Mayl 
May  27 


Jno  Crockett  203  Bush  st 

C  Van  Pyck  Hubbard        203  Bush  at 
J  M  Buffington  309  California  st 

J  W  Pew  310  Pine  at 

J  T  McGeoghegan  316  Pine  st 

E  C  Maaten  309  Montgomery  st 

R  H  Brown  327  Pine  Bt 

ChanJ  Collins        227  Montgom'  ry  at 


O  H  Bogart 

J  M  Buffington 

J  T  McGeoghegan 

J  Costa 

H  B  Rand 

E  C  Masten 

J  WPew 

JMorizio 

J  Morizio 

D  L  Thomas 

S  F  Monroe 

G  A  Holden 

G  A  Holden 

Amos  Roberta 

J  M  Buffington 

Thos  A  White 

A  B  Paul 

W  H  Lent 

A  JudBon 

R  N  Van  Brunt 

R  B  Noyea 

C  S  Healy 


106  Leidesdorff  st 

309  California  at 

318  Pine  at 

323  Front  at 

404  Montgomery  at 

309  Montgomery  at 

310  Pine  st 

328  Montgomery  at 

328  Montgomery  at 

203  Bush  at 

419  California  st 

310  Pine  Bt 

310  Pine  at 

214  Sansome  Bt 

309  California  at 

113  LeidesdorfT  st 

328  Montgomery  at 

309  Montgomery  Bt 

320  Sansome  st 

318  Pine  st 

'240  Montgomery'at 

Merchants"  Exchange 


W  H  Lent  309  Montgomery  st 

Wm  Letts  Oliver  328  Montgm'y  at 

C  Hildebrandt  232  Sutter  st 

R  N  Van  Brunt  318  Pine  at 


MEETINGS  TO  BE  HELD. 


Name  of  Company. 
Brilliant  M  Co 
Golden  Gate  Con  H  M  Co 
Golden  Star  M  Co 
Indian  Queen  M  &  M  Co 
Liguria  G  &  S  M  Co 
Morning  Star  M  Co 
Panther  MCo 
PInkham  M  Co 
Queen  Bee  M  Co 
Silver  Prize  G  &  S  M  Co 
Tioga  Con  M  Co 


Location.    Secretary. 


Ofpicf.  in  S.  F. 


California 

California 

Nevada 
Nevada 

California 

Nevada 

California 


Wm  A  M  VanBokkelen    309  California 
J  T  McGeoghehan  318  Pine  at 

J  W  Morgan  318  Pine  st 

Alfred  K  Durbrow    309  Montgomery  Bt 


A  B  Cooper 
Jns  B  Maholm 
J  WPew 
Geo  R  Spinney 
T  A  White 
H  WRedington 
W  H  Lent 


328  Montgomery  st 

331  Montgomery  st 

310  Fine  Bt 

310  Pine  at 

113Leideadorffst 

328  Montgomery  at 

309  Montgomery  st 


Annual 
Special 
Annual 
Annual 
Annual 
Annual 
Annual 
Annual 
Special 
Special 
Annual 


LATEST   DIVIDENDS- WITHIN    THREE    MONTHS 


Name  of  Company. 

Bodie  G  M  Co 
California  M  Co 
Con  Virginia  M  Co 
Excelsior  W  &  M  Co 
Eureka  Con  M  Co 
Standard  Con  M  Co 


Location.    Secretary. 

California  W  H  Lent 

Nevada  C  P  Gordon 

Nevada  A  W  Haven 

California  G  P  Thurston 

Nevada  W  W  Traylor 

California  W  Willis 


Office  in  S.  F. 

327  Pine  st 

23  Nevada  Block 

309  Montgomery  st 

315  California  st 

37  Nevada  Block 

309  Montgomery  st 


Amount. 
1  00 

1  00 
50 
25 

2  00 
50 


Date 
April  16 
April  14 
April  26 
April  22 
April  17 
April  29 
April  15 
April  17 
April  15 
April  14 
April  14 


Payable 
Jan  20 
Jan  16 
April  15 
Apr  20 
Mar  20 
Apr  12 


20  Northern  Belle 

400  NNoonday H@1.20 

700  Oriental 55c 

360  Phenix 3i 

1040  Raymond  &  Ely...4£@5{ 

220  Richer 80^90c 

550  Star 40c 

50  Summit 2J 

SALES  OF   LAST  WEEK 
Thursday  A.  M.,  Apr.  3. 

300  Alta 4.80@4.8o 

200  Alpha 17@17i 

150  Andes 40c 

140  Best&  Belcher...  15@15J 

125  Bullion 5@5; 

650  Belcher 6£@6; 

320  Benton 3.10@3.2( 

410  Caledonia 2.2u@2J 

935  Con  Imperial. ...1.20@H 

495  California 4.95@5 

945  Challenge 21@2.65 

485  Con  Virginia. 4.95(S5 

100  Confidence 12g@l2K 

175  Crown  Point... 4. 65(^4.70 
110  Exchequer 4.80 

1195  Flowery 60c 

455  Goulds  Curry 

235  Hale&Nor 103d.    .. 

1245  Justice 3.70@3.85 

120  Julia 3.90@3.95 

100  Kentuck 4j 

750  L  Bryan 80@75c 

150  LadvWash 1.10 

1650  Leviathan 25@20c 

945  Mexican 31@31i 

280  Mackey 2.95@3 

500  Margarita 10c 

50  MtView 2L 

400  New  York 65@60c 

745  N  Con  Virginia 8@81 

300  N  Bonanza.... 1.10@1. 20 

250  Ophir 2ia@22 

260  Overman 9j 

550  Phil  Sheridan 10@15c 

80  Sierra  Nevada 42@421 

260  Savage lOftftlOj 

125  Scorpion H 

145  Silver  Hill 1.40@1.S5 

100  Succor 55i 

1350  Solid  Silver 35c 

30  Utah 133@14j 

550  WellB-Fargo 10c 

275  Waid 1@1.0; 

575  Yellow  Jacket 13} 


AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

920  Belvidere 90c@lJ 

220  Bodie b 

1J40  Bulwer 17 

345  Black  Hawk 3$ 

270  Bechtel li@1.55 

900  Belle  Isle " 

550  Booker 50<o 

150  Belmont 40c 

600  Caledonia  tB  H) 2.35 


200  8  Standard 25020c 

300  SBodie 55@45c 

1200  SBulwer 85@90o 

1700  TuBcarora 5c 

595  Tioga  Con 2@1.95 

25  Tiptop 70c 

700  University 50@55c 

AND   THIS  COMPARED 

Thursd'y  A.  HI..  Apr.  10. 

75  Alta 5@4.90 

100  Andes 35c 

110  Alpha 20 

235  Best  &  Belcher. 161 

1425  Belcher 6(a)5j 

275  Bullion 5 

250  Benton 3j@3.40 

100  Brilliant 25c 

180  Crown  Point 51 

820  California 5? 

655  Con  Virginia. 5g@5:j 

210  Chollar 64 

4045  Con  Imperial 1.55@l{ 

95  Confidence 14j@14 

260  Caledonia 2.20(a2.15 

800  Challenge 3@2j 

160  Exchequer 5 

60  Flowery 60c 

340  Gould  H,  Curry 78(a74 

525  Hale  &  Nor 10i@10 

90  Julia 3.90(<r3.85 

255  Justice 4.15(04.10 

25  Kentuck 4j 

150  Lady  Bryan 8O0 

390  Leviathan 40@45c 

170  Mexican 30j(g30J 

50  Mounta;n  View 3 

330  Mackey 3.15@3.05 

300  New  York 65c 

45  North  Con  Vir 8 

30  N  Bonanza 1.40 

150  Ophir 23@22| 

10  Overman 9s 

120  Potosi 4.10 

80  Savage 101@10 

205  Seg  Belcher 31ia30 

885  Succor 60c 

470  Silver  Hill 1.10@1.15 

60  Sierra  Nevada... 42 j(®42i 

320  Scorpion ...li 

300  Solid  Silver 35c 

1460  Trojan 20<S15c 

70  Utah 15 

140  Union  Con 56J 

110  Wells-Fargo 10c 

150  Ward l@1.10 

505  Yellow  Jacket...  15g@15i 
afternoon  session. 

825  Argenta 1.15@1.10 

1200  Albion 16c 

750  Belle  Isle 40c 

310  Bodie 73 

70  Bulwer 20* 

450  Bechtel lj 

1150  Booker 50@55c 

670  Belvidere 1.60(3)1.65 

1310  Black  Hawk 4J@4J 

50  Concordia 20c 

300  Champion 35c 

620  C  Pacific 2.70@2J 

100  Chieftain 10c 

675  Gila 30c 

150  Grand  Prizo 3J@3.40 

550  Goodshaw 40@45c 

140  Giant  &O  A 43 

100  Golden  Terra 9 

100  Hussey 15c 

200  Hillside 2 


C  Pacific 2.15@2.20 

Champion 35c 

Dudley 65c 

Esmeralda 1.10@1.30 

Eureka  Con 18 

Grand  Prize 31@3.55 

HusBey.  ~ 20c 

Highbridge 40<<r45c 

Independence  ...ll@l.r~ 

J  ackflon 7 

Jupiter 40c 

Leopard 70fV>  75c 

Mono 3i<V?3.30 

Manhattan 21 

McClinton 95c(a>1.10 

Northern  Belle.... 9i(3)9j 

Navajo 15c 

Noonday lj 

Oriental 55@60c 

Phenix 2 

Raymond  &  Ely 4j 

Real  del  Monte 3 

Revenue 1.10 

Summit 2.20 

SBodie 40@35c 

South  Standard 20c 

S  Bulwer 85<S90c 

Tioga  Con 1.70(*lj 

Tuscarora 5c 

University 40(^45c 


575  Hamburg 50o 

400  Highbridge 35@40c 

5B0  Independence la@l,55 

100  Ida 40c 

1050  Jupiter 50c 

570  Leopard lj 

20  Leeds 65c  I 

430  Manhattan 24,@2.40 

75  McClinton. ..,.1. 20@1.30 
500  May  Belle 25o 

70  Mono 3.15@3J 

2'0  Martin  White « 

220  Northern  Belle.... 9J<39! 

100  Navajo 25a 

200  Noonday 2.85 

450  N  Noonday.  ...1.30@1.35 

50  Ori  intal 55o 

575  Paradise 1.30@1.40 

50  Phenix 3 

50  Raymond&Ely 5*. 

50  Red  Cloud 75o 

400  Richer 80@85c 

lfO  Revenue 15c  I 

640  Summit 2.3t@2i 

200  SBodie 45o 

650  SStandard 25c 

530  S  Bulwer 85@30c 

90  Tuscarora 5o 

690  Tioga  Con 1.90@2 

400  University 55@60c 


Pacific  Board— Latest  Sales. 


Wed'sday  A.  M.,  Apr.  9. 

20  Best  &  Belcher 15, 

100  Chollar 61@6] 

220  California 5 .  60@5j 

1350  Con  Imperial....  1.35@1 

20  Crown  Point 4.71 

40  Con  Virginia 5J@5.85 

100  Gould  4  Curry 7|@7 

10  Hale  &  Nor 10 

150  Mexican 29j 

90  Ophir 21jl(S2IJ 

130  Savage §|@9! 

70  Yellow  Jacket 14 

A  FTEBNOON  SESSION. 

100  Andes 45c 

80  Bullion 5 

50  Belvidere 1.60 


100  Black  Hawk 4i(%4.<0 

80  Belcher 5J@S-70 

300  Cod  Imperial 1.40 

100  Crown  Point 45 

50  Cod  Virginia 5.80 

80  Confidence 14 

40  Onuld  &  Curry 7i 

575  Justice 4Jlg4.30 

100  Mackey 3.65 

60  Mexican 30@301 

100  Martiu  White 6j 

15  Ophir...., 22 

150  Phil  Sheridan 10c 

200  Solid  Silver. 3Co 

30  Savage 91 

50  Ward 1.05 

40  Yellow  Jacket...  141(8141 


California  Board— Latest  Sales. 


lYcd'silny  A.  M.,  Apr.  9, 

30  Alpha 19S 

100  Atlantic 60c 

500  .Etna 5c 

400  Atlanta 5c 

200  AlmadenQ 10c 

200  Brilliant 25c 

50  Belcher 5i<a5i 

40  Best&Belcher 15| 

40  California 65 

30  Con  Virginia 5ji 

100  Con  Imperial 1.35 

90  CrownPoint...4.70@4.8f 

40  Chollar 61S61 

85  Caledonia 2. 20.52! 

40  Gould&Curry 71 

30  Hale  &  Norcross 10! 

50  Julia 3.70@3.90 

60  Mexican 29J@29} 

100  N  Scorpion 75c 

50  Ophir 21@2U 


400  Phil  Sheridan 10c 

160  Silver  Hill 25@I2lc 

40  Savage 91 

30  Sierra  Nevada 43 

10  Union 55 

200  WoodviUe 30c 

100  Wells  Fargo 9o 

50  Yellow  Jacket  ..13J<ai3J 

AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

40  Alpha 20@19i 

600  Alexander 41 

400  Atlanta 5o 

500  JStna 5c 

300  AlmadenQ. 10c 

70  Belcher. .  .7 S»@5| 

30  Boston 1S01.6J 

SO  Benton 3.20 

60  Booker 60c 

200  Con  Imperial 1.35 

30  Chollar j* 

40  Con  Virginia H 


April  12,  1879.1 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


229 


40  California H\  100  Sfew  York 


$0c 

66)  Ooso  Con  kj  "«  Ophir 

40  Exchequer 4-W  ISO  Potcl LMM  M 

30U  kloUTprUe lj     40   Sierra  Nevada. .. 

40  Gould*  Curry 7j«7     10  Savage 

1106  Good*h»w t&sti&c     40  Silver  Hill 1 . 1*431 

70  Hale  A  Nwr lOiuMuJ  1300  S  Bodie 

W  Julia 3|«<3.yo    300  Tl^er 

70  Juatlce ';  '  t  '-■■'      SO  Union  Con 

30  Mexican »i|  375  Walea 1MI 

100  North  Carton 1c   100  Ward 

24e' 


1      .'• 

1  II 


100  Ntwaxk 25c1    30  Yellow  Jacket . 


14J 


The  Mining  Share  Market 


Though  much  of  the  same  dull  and  hysterical 
feeling  which  has  characterized  the  last  few 
weeks  still  remains  in  the  share  market,  there 
baa  been,  during  the  present  week,  a  firmer, 
steadier  tendency  of  things — sufficient,  at  least, 
to  form  a  contrast  to  the  weak,  insipid  actions 
we  have  become  accustomed  to.  The  Comstock 
baa  remained  staguant,  and,  with  few  excep- 
tions, met  with  limited  sales.  There  was  a 
brisk  traffic  in  the  new  Bodie  mines,  presenting 
a  remarkable  contrast  to  the  above.  Indeed, 
these  mines  formed  th<  feature  of  the  week. 
The  cause  of  this  interest  is  the  late  ore  discov- 
ery iu  the  Mono-Bodie  crosscut.  In  these,  as 
in  all  the  others,  the  advances  were  not  so 
astonishingly  large,  but  the  amount  of  business 
transacted  was  inversely  heavy.  Real  Del 
Monte  was  especially  a  favorite  for  some  time. 
Early  in  the  week  there  was  a  Blight  squabble 
for  Justice,  induced  by  the  report  that  Schultz 
and  his  friends  were  seeking  to  gain  control  of 
the  election  to  be  held  in  May.  Savage  and 
Hale  &  Norcross  also  showed  improvement ; 
and,  taking  all  in  all,  the  quiet  condition,  the 
firmer  tone,  and  the  increased  sales,  there  is 
settled  feeling  in  the  market  that  a  steady  for- 
ward movement  is  in  contemplation. 


iINING     SUMMARY. 


Hie  following  U  nioaily  condensed  from  Journals  pub- 
lished in  the  Interior,  in  proximity  to  the  mines  mentioned. 


News  in  Brief. 

Travel  to  Yosemite  has  set  in. 
Garabaldi  has  arrived  at  Rome. 
An  earthquake  lately  shook  up  Cadiz. 
The  rinderpest  is  prevalent  in  Bohemia. 
Vioilants  are  active  at  Davis  City,  la. 
Pafek  napkins  are  in  increasing  demand. 
Oranges  are  cheaper   than  apples  in  Astoria. 
In   March,  the   public   debt  increased  §892,- 
724. 

The  Army  Appropriation  bill  has  passed  the 
House. 

Number  of  silver  dollars  coined  to  date,  21,- 
661,274. 

The  Albanians  will  forcibly  resist  annexation 
to  Greece. 

The  Skagit  (W«  T.)  gold  mineB  are  attracting 
attention. 

There  are  170  convicts  in  the  Oregon  peni- 
tentiary. 

The  Mormon  Conference  met  at  Salt  Lake, 
Sunday. 

The    Workingmen's  Free  Library   has    865 
volumes. 

Chinese  labor  is  becoming  a  drug  in  Los 
Angeles. 

Stony  Point  boasts  of  a  healthy  four-legged 
chicken. 

The  paraffine  beds  of  San  Pete,  Utah,  are  be- 
ing opened. 

Another  British  victory  is  reported  from 
Lahore,  India. 

The  labor  market  promises  to  be  unusually 
large  this  Beason. 

Hay  harvest  will  soon  commence  in  Santa 
Cruz  county. 

There  are  195,897  persons  buried  in  Green- 
wood cemetery. 

Thirty-four  marriage  licenses  were  issued 
in  the  city  last  week. 

Mackerel  are  being  caught  in  large  quanti- 
ties near  Monterey. 

White  laborers  have  been  substituted  for 
Chinese  on  the  Oroville  railroad.  , 

In  the  Oliver-Cameron  case  the  jury  rendered 
a  verdict  for  the  defendant. 

The  estimated  cost  of  the  Mexican  Interna- 
tional building  13  $800,000. 

The  Egyptians  have  again  defeated  the 
Arabs,  killing  over  2,000  men. 

The  telegraph  wires  were  down  between  Og- 
den  and  Cheyenne  on  Sunday. 

Coyotes  are  rendering  the  sheep  business  un- 
profitable in  Colusa  county. 

The  people  of  American  Fork,  Utah,  are 
destroying  the  grasshoppers  with  fire. 

The  beach  mineB  along  the  coast  of  Coos 
county,  Oregon,  are  pay  handsomely. 

Yountville,  Napa  county,  experienced  a 
slight  shock  ot  earthquake  on  Monday. 

The  drilling  of  Bulgarians  in  Eastern  Roumelia 
continues — 70,000  men  now  being  armed. 

Vanderbilt  is  buying  steel  rails  in  England, 
paying  an  advance  over  American  prices. 

The  trial  of  Olive,  the  millionaire,  and  his  two 
associates,  who  burned  two  men  at  the  stake  in 
Cuater  county,  Neb.,  is  now  in  progress. 

At  a  prison  at  CharkofT,  Russia,  200  of  the 
500  prisoners  have  died  within  four  months. 

Indians  are  raiding  the  Yellowstone  valley, 
killing  the  whites  and  capturing  horses  and 
cattle. 

The  Russian  police  system  is  to  be  recon- 
structed as  a  concession  to  prevalent  discon- 
tent. 

One-quarter  of  the  children  in  the  public 
schools  of  Virginia  City  are  down  with  the 
measles. 

Another  colonization  scheme  is  organizing 
in  New  York,  under  Catholic  guidance  and 
capital. 


CALIFORNIA. 
AMADOR. 

pLiy_.LTii  Notes— Cor.  Ledger,  April  5:  Tin-  Hercules 
miiit  is  nuking  Blow  beadwaj  111  Kinking.  One  day  hut 
week  a  Htreuni  of  water  buret  through  the  hanging  wall, 
tiling  the  ftluifi  with  water  to  the  depth  of  10  or  15  ft.     It 

was  »ooii  taken  1 'in.  Water,  however,  is  flowing  too  fast 
to  admit  dI  t.ipid  progress  hi  ■Inking.  EtoporU  art-  ntluut 
that  t ho  New  London  claim  has  been  sold,  and  that  the 
purchasers  intend  to  atari  it  up  at  once.  Than  is  a  fulr 
sbted  body  of  ore  in  sight.  Considerable  work  was  done 
on  ii  y.ir*  ago,  and  all  tho  rock  taken  out  paid  well 
Chas.  Green  &  Co.  took  up  the  north  extension  Of  this 
lalm  last  full,  but  no  work  has  been  done  on  it  yet.  The 
contract  for  sinking  in  the  John  mine  Lfl  (hushed'. 

Otueii  Items.— Dispatch,  April  6:  The  Joint  shaft  of 
the  East  Kejut'ine  mill  Niagara  mines  is  now  down  about 
00  ft.  ;il  which  depth  they  have  a  two-ft  ledge  of  good 
looking  rook,  showing  *>tne  free  gold.  Mr.  Parks,  the 
superintendent  of  the  Talisman  mine, has  let  a  contract  to 
wiiiie  Italians  fur  sinking  the  shaft  1U0  ft  deeper.  The 
stockholders  appear  to  have  more  confidence  in  the  mine 
now  ihrtn  ever.  Sutter  is  feeling  "blue,"  owing  to  the 
probability  that  the  Amador  mill  will  be  Bhut  down  lor 
ubout  six  months  during  the  coming  summer,  until  the 
new  shaft  can  be  finished.  Mr.  Mello,  of  Butte  City,  has 
erected  a  little  two-stamp  quartz  mill  in  the  canyon  be- 
tween that  place  and  the  river,  for  the  purpose  of  crush- 
ing rock  taken  from  his  claim  near  the  same  place. 

INYO 

BfODOCK. — Independent,  Mar.  29:  Distance  made  in 
tunnel,  1000  level,  is  34  ft,  the  toUl  length  of  tunnel  be- 
ing 1,303  ft.  The  ground  for  greater  part  of  week  has 
not  broken  very  well,  but  is  now  very  soft  in  face.  The 
'rill    lately    broke    into  manganese  and  clayey  matter, 

hich,  taken  with  indications  for  the  past  two  or  three 
days,  would  lead  us  to  believe  that  we  have  got  through 
the  limestone  belt  lying  next  to  Confidence  ore  ground. 
Hope  shortly  to  have  some  developments  at  fuce  of  tun- 
nel. The  shaft  had  been  sunk  10  ft,  and  1b  now  down  335 
ft.  The  points  where  chloriders  are  at  work— 1000  level — 
are  looking  very  promising.  It  has  the  appearance  of 
opening  out  inU>  an  extensive  body  of  ore. 

The  Emigrant.— The  prospects  of  the  Emigrant  are  de- 
cidedly encouraging.  Five  stamps  are  pounding  away 
continuously,  and  bullion  shipments  being  made  regularly. 
There  is  enough  ore  now  uncovered  to  keep  one  batten' 
running  steadily  for  at  least  a  year  to  come,  by  which 
time,  if  uot  before,  a  new  shaft  and  other  prospecting 
operations  will  be  complete.  The  Emigrant  is  a  paying 
property  as  it  is,  and  owes  much  of  its  success  to  the  re- 
ally efficient  management  of  Bupt.  Taylor.  A  concen- 
trator is  to  be  put  to  work  at  once  upon  the  tailings  at 
the  old  mill  site;  it  is  estimated  that  at  least  $20,000  can 
thus  be  got  out  of  these  tailings;  the  concentration  will 
bring  their  value  up  to  about  $400  per  ton,  thereby  effect- 
ing a  material  saving  in  hauling  and  subsequent  pan- 
work. 

MONO 

Tub  Standard.— Mono- Alpine  Chronicle,  April  5:  The 
event  of  the  past  week  is  the  re-discovory  of  the  Burgess 
ledge,  which  twisted  out  of  the  drift  north.  It  nad 
pitched  west.  It  seemed  to  run  out  entirely,  but  in  a  dis- 
tance of  30  ft,  came  in  more  heavily  freighted  with  gold 
than  ever,  but  dipping  to  the  east.  There  is  no  change  in 
the  Bruce,  Gildea,  or  the  several  other  faces  on  ledges 
outside  of  the  old  main  Standard  lode.  The  new  air  com- 
pressor has  been  fairly  tested,  and  the  work  of  driving  the 
patent  drills  begun  in  earnest.  One  of  these  drills  will  be 
put  to  work  in  the  south  drifts  and  crosscuts  of  the  Bul- 
wer  mine,  connecting  with  the  main  shaft  of  the  Standard 
ground.  It  has  been  finally  decided  to  open  a  new  level  iu 
the  Standard,  as  well  as  continue  sinking  the  shaft, 
which  is  now  down  780  ft  vertical.  A  station  will  be  cut 
out  at  the  700  level  and  crosscutting,  both  east  aud  west, 
begun  at  once.  A  700  level  in  the  Standard  is  going  to 
give  the  "mother  vein"  theory  a  fairer  test  than  all  other 
works  put  together. 

Bulwer.— The  crushing  process  at  the  Bodie  mill  ought 
to  be  satisfactory  to  the  stockholders.  Already  308,000 
and  upwards  have  been  shipped,  and  there  were  over  700 
pounds  of  amalgam  awaiting  the  retort  yesterday,  and 
valued  at  322,000  more,  and  not  half  the  ore-pile  has  been 
put  through  yet.  The  result  of  that  crushing  of  1,000 
tons  promises  to  be  nearly  a  quarter  of  a  million  dollars. 
The  shutting  off  of  ore  extraction  at  the  Bodie  mine  is  not 
as  much  fett  as  expected. 

Bblviderk. — The  upraise  on  the  Great  Western  ledge, 
on  the  new  development,  continues  in  ore  of  same  char- 
acter. The  excavation  above  the  drift  is  about  10  ft  in 
length  and  12  ft  in  hight. 

Noonday. — The  drifts  either  way  from  the  shaft  are 
about  45  ft  in  length;  stoping  is  still  going  on;  ore  holds 
out  in  size  and  quality.  As  soon  as  the  Bechtel  shipment 
is  crushed,  the  Syndicate  mill  will  commence  on  Noonday 
ore. 

Blackhawk.— The  west  crosscut,  320  level,  is  in  over  40 
ft,  and  is  being  rapidly  extended.  Ore  body  in  Warren 
lode,  220  level,  is  improving  on  south  drift  and  holding  its 
own  north. 

Boorer,— Standard,  April  5:  A  few  days  ago  Superin- 
tendent Ellsworth,  of  the  Booker,  in  running  a  drift  north 
from  his  shaft  on  his  ledge,  drifted  directly  into  the 
Spaulding  shaft,  which  iB  being  sunk  on  an  incline  on  its 
ledge,  followed  from  the  Burface.  The  Spaulding  people 
claim  that  the  country  is  all  interlaced  with  stratums  of 
quartz,  and  that  Mr.  Ellsworth  has  followed  one  of  these 
stratums  off  his  main  vein,  and  connected  with  their 
ledge.  Accordingly,  Mr.  Harry  A.  Gould,  foreman  of  the 
Spaulding,  bulkheaded  the  drift  aud  shut  the  Booker 
people  out.  Mr.  Ellsworth  took  the  offensive.  His  men 
broke  down  the  bulkhead  and  practically  took  possession 
of  the  Spaulding  mine  by  force.  Mr.  Gould  says  that  the 
Booker  people  were  armed.  They  threw  a  truck  across 
the  shaft,  and,  it  is  said,  are  continuing  the  work  of  drift- 
ing north  of  the  Spaulding  incline.  The  latter  mine  has 
been  shut  down. 

NEVADA. 

Kenton.— Transcript,  April  ti:  This  mine  is  showing 
considerable  improvement.  Have  seen  considerable  free 
gold  iu  the  ore  the  past  two  days.  Will  push  the  new 
winze  ahead  as  fast  as  possible  and  open  from  the  lower 
tunnel.     The  mill  is  running  steadily  day  and  night. 

Goshen  Hill.— Mr."  John  Black  ia  opening  up  the  Goshen 
Hill  gravel  lead,  three-quarters  of  a  mile  west  of  Rough  & 
Ready.  He  has  been  at  work  there  about  three  months, 
with  four  or  five  men,  has  put  in  over3,000  ft  of  pipe,  and 
will  have  sufficient  water  to  run  until  the  middle  or  latter 
part  of  June.  The  ground  was  prospected  some  years 
ago,  and  favorable  indications  were  found. 

North  Bloomfield  Notbb.— The  Malakoff  mining  com- 
pany have  a  full  force— some  60  or  70  white  men,  and 
about  40  Chinese— at  work,  and  the  developments  are  as 
satisfactory  as  usual.  Brockmyer  &  Hauer,  whose  claim 
ia  just  opposite  the  Malakoff  Co.'s  office,  on  Virgin  Valle; 
ravine,  are  working  five  or  six  hands,  and  meeting  witi 
good  success.  They  rely  entirely  upon  free  water,  and  will 
doubtless  have  sufficient  this  season  to  make  a  run  of  from 
three  to  four  months. 

Condensed  News.— At  Moore's  Flat  the  Blue  BankB 
claim  is  about  ready  to  begin  washing.  The  Boston  is 
running  full  blast,  working  30  men  and  paying  S3  per  day 
the  attempt  to  cut  down  the  wages  having  been  aban- 
doned. The  Chinese  claims  are  also  running  full  force. 
The  Little  York  mining  company  is  reported  as  having 
Eliot  down,  In  consequence  of  the  injunction  granted  the 
farmers  by  Judge  Keyser.  The  Thomas  mine,  formerly 
the  New  England,  is  turning  out  considerable  good  ore 
which  Ib  said  to  be  paying  handsomely.  The  mine  known 
at  th*  Black  Lead,  near  tbe  Rocky  Bar,  ie  looking  splen- 


did. A  small  crushing  last  week  turned  out  a  little  over 
176  per  ton.  Assays  of  the  Wyoming  ore  run  as  high  as 
$700  per  ton;  free  gold,  *300;  silver,  917;  sulphurets,  JSS9. 
The  general  average  of  the  greet  bulk  of  ore  is  $17  per 
ton  free  gold,  and  from  998  to  910S  concentrated  sulphur- 
ets. The  Btfdger  Plat  c  aim.  in  Pleasant  valley,  has  bi-en 
washing  since  la»t  October.  The  owners  expect  to  com- 
mence cleaning  up  this  week.  The  machinery  being  put 
up  on  the  Iron  Clad  mine,  near  Rough  L  Reudy.  ti  (rum 
the  Montana  mine,  at  Colfax.  About  00  tons  of  ore  per 
week  in  extracted  from  the  Dcadwood  mine  by  the  lessee*. 
There  are  some  350  tons  of  flue  looking  ore  ou  the  dump. 
The  mill  is  running  night  and  day. 

SAN   BERNARDINO. 

Ivanfiii  iTUit  —Cor.  Indrx,  April  4:  In  the  well 
known  Alley  mine  the  laws  of  geology  are  set  at  defiance; 
there  is  110  regular  stratiticatiou,  and  a  mining  mm)  edu- 
cated in  Europe  would  say  on  examination,  thul  llu-ic 
wait  no  mine  or  the  semblauce  of  a  mine  there.  Still  the 
mine  Is  yielding  ns  rich  ore  as  any  In  the  State.  It  occurs 
in  pockets  or  kidneys,  and  is  found  In  such  quantities  as 
are  lully  satisfactory  to  the  owners.  The  Alley  mine  is 
located  on  the  West  side  of  the  mountain  range  immedi- 
ately udjoiuing  1  lie  well-known  Alaska  hill,  on  whleh  the 
Li?zie  Bullock.  Beatrice,  Monitor  and  other  Well-known 
mines  are  located.  The  Lizzie  bullock  mine  Is  owned  and 
worked  by  Mr.  J.  A.  Bidwell,  who  Is  also  owner  of  the 
only  mill  now  at  work  in  the  district.  Tho  well-knowu 
mine,  the  Stonewall,  located  en  the  hill  to  the  east  of  the 
Alley,  and  is  looking  well.  Mr.  Harris  has  sunkan  incline 
SO  ft  deep  from  the  third  level.  The  Incline  shows  good 
ore  on  both  sides  for  the  entire  depih.  He  is  running  a 
tunnel  to  cut  the  boitoin  of  the  luclinc,  and  has  about  20 
ft  to  run  before  cutting  tbe  ledge;  he  will  then  commence 
stoping  out  the  rich  ore. 

SHASTA- 

Whisky  Town.— Cor.  Independent,  April  3:  The  mine 
of  Strode  i  Co.,  (old  Peckham  mine)  is  in  good  condition. 
Since  striking  the  ledge  they  have  run  about  200  ft  on  it. 
I  he  ledge  Ib  ubout  two  ft  wide  at  the  end  of  the  tuunel. 
The  rock  In  very  hard  but  it  prospects  well.  A  five-stamp 
mill  is  going  up  as  rapidly  as  possible,  and  will  be  in 
woiking  order  about  the  last  of  next  week.  They  have 
about  300  tons  of  quartz  on  hand  Work  in  the  shaft  of 
the  extension,  owned  ny  Warfleld,  Blair  &.  (Jo. ,  had  to  be 
suspended  on  account  of  water  caused  by  the  recent  rains 
A  tunnel  is  now  being  run  to  tap  tbe  shaft  They  have 
an  ahundance  of  water  to  run  the  arastra.  The  rock  is 
yielding  about  830  per  too. 

SIERRA. 

PiTTsBimo  HiLL.--Downleville  Messenger,  Mar.  22:  Th:B 
promising  gravel  mine,  In  which  George  and  Johnny 
Sharp,  of  Green  &  Co.'b  stage  Hue  are  interested,  located 
near  Camptouville,  Yuba  county,  Is  being  rapidly  devel- 
oped with  encouraging  indications  of  a  rich  grovel  bed. 
Four  hundred  ft  of  tunnel  have  been  run,  when  the  boys 
raised  for  16  ft,  tapping  pay. 

Indian  Hill.— Krrsse  &  Anderson,  at  this  mining  lo- 
cality, are  washing  their  dirt.  Tom  Jackson  has  several 
men  in  his  hydraulic  claim,  with  full  head  of  water. 

Cuipps  and  Minnkbota-— Sam.  Ire  an,  from  Minnesota, 
reports  13  inches  of  snow  there,  and  miners  waiting  for 
spring  to  open,  Alf.  Bixby  is  oonstructiug  a  ditch  to 
biing  water  to  his  mine,  to  Blulce  of  the  croppings  of  his 
quartz  ledge.  Ike  Boles  is  developing  his  lode.  Sam. 
Irelan  continues  driving  his  tunnel  ahead,  which  is  now 
in  560  ft.    Ledge  is  three  ft  thick. 

TRINITY. 

At  Work.—  Journal,  April  6:  The  Dixion  Bar  com- 
pany, having  eve  ything  in  complete  working  order,  com- 
menced washing  gravel  on  Monday  last,  and  the  hydraulic 
works  splendidly.  The  company's  prospects  are  said  to 
be  encouraging  and  it  is  hoped  their  mine  will  yield 
fabuously.  It  Is  an  enterprise  in  which  considerable 
cash  capital  has  been  invested,  and  deserveB  unbounded 
success. 

NEVADA. 
WASHOE  DISTRICT. 

The  non-receipt  of  our  usual  Washoe  letter  compels  us 
to  copy  from  the  Gold  Hill  News,  of  the  8th  Inst.,  the  fol- 
lowing recent  information  in  regard  to  the  Comstock 
mines: 

Con.  Virginia. — Have  extracted  1,482  tons  of  ore  during 
the  past  week.  The  repairs  to  Bhaft  will  be  completed  on 
Monday  next,  at  which  time  they  will  start  the  Joint  west 
crosscut  from  the  850  station.  This  crosscut  will  be  con- 
tinued with  all  possible  speed  to  the  west  wall,  and  will 
open  up  and  thoroughly  prospect  the  unexplored  ground 
to  the  west  of  the  shaft.  The  C  &  C  shaft  has  been  sunk 
15  ft,  and  is  now  195  ft  below  the  2150  level.  The  material 
in  the  bottom  is  Bomewhat  softer.  They  will  reach  ihe 
2350  level  next  Monday,  but  before  opening  the  station 
will  sink  the  shaft  40  ft  below  for  a  sump.  The  necessary 
surveys  have  been  mode  for  the  south  lateral  dri  t  to  con- 
nect with  the  Sutro  tunnel,  ana  they  only  wait  for  a  certi- 
fied copy  of  the  Sutro  compromise  before  commencing 
work. 

California.— Have  extracted  2,170  tons  of  ore  during 
the  past  week.  West  crosscut  No.  1  has  been  discon- 
tinued, the  face  showing  strong  indications  of  water. 
They  will  have  to  explore  with  a  drill,  and  not  run  the 
risk  of  being  driven  out  by  water. 

Ophir. — The  main  incline  has  been  sunk  and  timbered 
during  the  past  week  12  ft;  totul  depth  on  the  stope,  161 
ft  below  the  2200  level.  The  material  passed  through  iB 
still  a  vein  formation,  showing  some  Btieaks  of  quartz. 
The  ore  stopes  show  no  material  change  siuce  last  report. 

Trojan.  — Northeast  drift,  third  station,  has  been  ad- 
vanced and  timbered  39  ft;  total  distance  passed  upraise 
No.  4,  229  ft;  material  passed  through,  very  loose  quartz 
and  porphyry;  quartz  giving  low  assays.  West  drift  from 
northeast  drift  has  been  extended  25  it  through  vein  por- 
phyry; total  length,  40  ft.  Second  station,  north  drift, 
has  been  extended  and  timbered  55  ft,  passing  through  a 
mixture  of  quartz  and  porphyry;  quartz  giving  low 
assays. 

Exoheqoer. — Work  was  resumed  last  Wednesday  in  the 
north  drift  on  the  2400  level.  Since  which  lime  the  drift 
has  been  advanced  IS  ft,  making  total  length  of  the  same 
316  ft.  The  material  encountered  during  the  past  week 
has  been  porphyry  and  quartz  of  a  very  promising  nature, 
and  which  continues  to  improve  as  they  advance  north. 

Cuollar  — At  the  Chollar-NorcroBS-Savage  shaft  during 
tbe  paBt  week  they  have  put  up  smokestacks  for  boilers 
to  air  compn-ssor.  Have  made  steam  connection  between 
compressor  and  boilers,  and  air  connection  between  com- 
pressor and  receiver.  They  have  pumped  doily  about 
105,000  gallons  of  water  into  the  Sutro  tunnel. 

Silver  Hill —During  the  past  week  the  main  incline 
has  been  sunk  and  timbered  16  ft.  The  east  crosscut, 
1100  level,  has  been  run  36  ft,  and  drift  south  from  small 
shaft  46  ft,  leaving  the  distance  to  Silver  Hill,  north  line, 
16  ft.  They  intend  to  Btop  the  work  underground  to- 
morrow to  overhaul  the  Incline  engine  and  put  on  tbe 
new  rope  for  the  iucliue. 

Ovekman.— Since  last  report  tbe  winze  has  been  sunk  12 
ft,  and  north  lateral  drift  extended  36  ft.  The  ground  in 
the  winze  is  working  a  little  better;  110  other  change.  At 
the  new  shaft  they  struck  a  very  strong  flow  of  water  on 
March  30th,  aud  have  sunk  but  Ave  ft  this  week,  but  the 
water  is  decreasing  and  they  hope  to  be  able  to  make  bet- 
ter progress. 

Julia.— The  water  in  the  incline  has  been  reduced  to 
close  proximity  to  the  2000  level.  Pumps  have  commenced 
drawing  from  the  long  south  drift,  also  from  east  and 
west  crosscuts.  Winze  sinking  from  1800  level  has  at- 
tained a  depth  of  26  ft  and  is  substantially  timbered. 
Flow  of  water  Is  slight  and  does  not  retard  progress  of 
sinking. 

Union  Con. — On  1600  level  the  joint  Mexican  winze  has 
been  sunk  and  timbertd  10  ft,  making  total  depth  on 
slope  of  335  ft.  The  flow  of  water  from  east  drift-  con- 
tinues about  two  inches.  A  chamber  excavated  and  the 
upraiso  started  to  connect  with  the  joint  Mexican  winze 
btlng  sunk  from  1600  level;  material  passed  through  is  » 


favorable  looking  vein  porphyry  showing  some  water  In 
face.     Main  north  drift  extended  SS  ft. 

Utah. —Our  main  incline  has  been  sunk  and  timbered 
U  ft  the  past  week.  The  formation  remains  the  same, 
also  the  flow  of  water.  The  new  V-bob  has  been  delivered 
and  Is  now  being  put  up  on  tho  surface  to  test  before  put- 
ting In  place,  we  are  now  engic«d  inputting  iu  a  par- 
tition in  the  incline  below  the  1350  level  to  cau*o  a  cur- 
rent of  air  to  flow  to  the  bottom.  All  of  our  machinery  1* 
working  well. 

Con.  Imperial.— For  the  week  ending  to-dny  we  have 
made  the  following  progress:  The  south  drift  ou  our 
2600  level  has  been  advanced  29  ft;  making  total  length 
of  same  to  date,  15/  ft.  The  faee.of  this  drift  ia  In  quartz, 
clay  and  porphyry;  no  water  to' impede  the  progress  of 
our  work.  Tbe  north  drift  has  been  advanced  15  it,  mak- 
Ingtotal  length  of  same  to  date,  130  ft.  Everything  is 
running  all  right,  and  we  shull  in  future  be  able  to  make 
more  rapid  headway  in  advancing  work  in  the  mine. 

Mexican.—  On  our  2100  level  the  Jolut  Ophir  upraise  Is 
n  w  up  0*  ft  On  our  2000  level  the  Joint  Union  Con. 
west  crost-cut  has  been  exteuded  10  ft;  material  passed 
through,  favorable  looking  vein  porphyry,  showing  some 
water;  require**  timbering.  On  our  1600  level  the  Joint 
Union  Con.  winze  has  been  Bunk  and  timbered  19  ft;  total 
depth,  3^5  ft  on  the  slope  below  that  level. 

Savaor.— We  are  btill  delayed  from  abutting  down  the 
pump  by  the  Hide  tc  Norcruss.  Our  retiinbering  in  the 
Incline  is  making  good  progress,  water  being  below  the 
2000  level. 

Belcher.—  The  main  Incline  has  reached  a  depth  of  37 
ft  below  tbe  2560  level,  having  been  sunk  24  ft  during  the 
past  week.  The  crosscut  on  the  2360  level  is  lu  54  ft. 
There  is  nothing  new  in  any  part  of  the  mine. 

Alpha.— Nothing  new  at  the  mine.  We  have  about 
completed  ihe  *vork  of  repairing  and  enlarging  the 
st'iioii  oti2135  level.  Have  not  yet  resumed  work  In 
Joint  winze.     Everything  is  moving  along  as  usual. 

BELMONT  DISTRICT. 

Belmont  —  Courier,  Mar.  29:  The  mine  is  looking  well. 
Have  advanced  the  houth  raise  20  ft  during  tho  past  week 
in  a  good,  strong  vein  of  quartz,  averaging  three  and  one- 
half  ft  thick,  with  from  10  to  12  inches  of  same  pay  ore. 
In  the  300  level  drift  running  north  the  ground  is  very 
hard,  and  they  have  advanced  same  only  seven  ft.  The 
stopes  between  200  and  300  levelB  are  yielding  tbe  usual 
amount  of  ore.  and  the  pocket  of  ore  found  going  down 
under  the  300  level  is  getting  larger  every  day.  Number 
of  tonB  extracted  for  the  week,  16;  average  assay,  896. 

HtonBRlDOB.  -Work  in  the  mine  bos  been  carried  for- 
ward with  good  progress,  the  ore  extracted  being  un- 
UBually  rich.  The  following  work  bus  been  done  In  the 
prospecting  drifts,  showing  no  material  change:  Sixth 
level,  25  ft  Boutb  and  32  ft  north;  seventh  Mel,  23  ft 
north;  total  length  of  this  levet.  165  ft.  The  mill  will  re- 
sume reducing  Highbrldge  oro  by  April  let. 

EUREKA  DISTRICT 

Tim  PiiQiNix. — Sentinel,  April  5:  A  marked  Improve- 
ment has  taken  place  in  the  Phoenix  mine  within  the  last 
few  days.  The  ledge  has  been  cut  in  the  drift  from  tbe 
500  level,  and  looks  most  encouraging  for  a  magnificent 
development.  Sufficient  woik  has  not  yet  been  done  to 
accomplish  anything  beyond  ascertaining  the  mere  fact 
that  there  are  Beveral  ft  of  good  ore  In  sight.  The  ore 
body  has  steadily  improved,  day  after  day,  since  It  was  en- 
countered. The  average  distance  between  the  quartzite 
aud  nhale  in  the  Phoenix  is  a1  out  75  ft.  It  is  thun  teen 
there  is  plenty  of  room  for  bonanzas  of  good  size.  The  ore 
broken  downthus far  still  lies  In  the  drifts.  Tbe  dump 
was  not  in  readiness  to  receive  it.  This  will  be  fluished 
to-day,  when  the  work  of  hoisting  ore  will  be  commenced 
immediately. 

The  Hamburg.— There  is  no  special  change  to  note  In 
the  stopes  above  the  intermediate  drift.  The  vein  of  ore 
is  small,  but  of  good  quality.  During  the  week  the  cross- 
cut on  the  450  level  was  advanced  14  ft,  being  a  total  of 
23  ft,  with  the  face  in  clay  and  Iron.  In  the  600  level  the 
west  crosscut  was  advanced  15  it,  being  a  total  of  218  ft, 
with  the  face  iu  Boft,  broken  limestone.  The  south  drift 
from  the  west  crosscut  has  been  advanced  10  ft,  being  a 
total  of  144  ft,  showing  a  considerable  amount  of  iron, 
with  a  number  of  small  seams  of  good  ore  through  it.  In 
the  700  level  the  drift  is  now  in  32  ft,  through  vein  mat- 
ter, showing  bunches  of  iron. 

Tybo  Con.—  The  Tybo  Con.  is  again  in  position  to  pay 
all  claims  against  the  company.  The  payment  of  local  ac- 
counts was  to  have  commenced  yesterday.  The  mine  and 
furnace  have  continued  in  operation  right  along  since  the 
financial  troubles  came  up.  It  Is  thought  the  profits  of 
the  last  month's  run  will  realize  some  $40,000  or  C50.000. 

PARADISE  DISTRICT. 

Good  Hope  Notes.—  Silver  State,  April  4:  The  shaft  on 
the  Snyder  mine,  owned  by  Wuye  &  Co.,  has  been  eunk 
about  40  ft,  and  the  ore  encountered  thus  fur  is  of  a  high 
grade.  The  Aurora  mine  ib  the  deepest  in  the  camp,  and 
probably  one  of  the  best.  The  owners  have  sunk  au  in- 
cline shaft  140  ft,  and  have  disc  >vered  Borne  fine  ruby  and 
wire  silver  ore.  The  ledge  Is  from  two  to  four  ft  thick, 
well  defined,  and  will  average  $100  per  ton  It  la  owned 
by  Winters  &  Co.  The  Silver  Brick,  owued  by  L.  B. 
Atchison  aud  others,  is  one  of  the  most  promlslrg  claims 
in  the  district.  A  north  and  south  drift  was  started  a».  the 
65  level,  and  some  ruby  ore,  assaying  well,  was  lound.  On 
the  Buckeye,  a  new  claim,  but  little  work  has  been  done. 
The  ledge  was  stripped  on  the  surface  for  a  distance  of  60 
ft,  and  the  ore  found  was  very  rich.  At  a  depth  of  18  ft 
the  ledge  is  three  ft  thick  and  well  defined.  This  claim  is 
owned  by  A.  J.  Dallas  &  Co.  The  You  and  I,  tho  Atlantic 
Cable,  and  the  Page  &  Kelley  are  good  looking  claims, 
upon  each  of  which  considerable  work  has  been  done,  and 
from  each  of  which  ore  of  an  excellent  quality  has  been 
taken. 

ARIZONA. 

Tombbtone.— Cor.  Citizen,  Mar.  23:  The  Lucky  Cusb  ie 
opening  up  In  the  tunnel  wonderfully  rich.  The  Old 
Guard  has  been  worked  on,  and  the  Lucky  Cuss  lodge  has 
been  Btruck  In  this  claim  and  tbe  preamt  shaft  Is  all  in 
rich  ore,  no  wall*  being  yet  visible.  Work  has  been  sus- 
pended on  the  Merrimac  for  a  few  days.  Tho  reason  1b 
that  the  prospecting  shaft  has  been  sunk  over  100  ft,  and 
the  owuers  are  uow  satisfied  that  they  have  a  mine  and 
are  going  to  sink  a  permanent  working  shaft  and  carry  ou 
work  again  in  real  earnest.  Work  was  commenced  ou  the 
Emerald  yesterday.  This  claim  is  Bltuated  immediately 
Bouih  of  the  Grand  Dipper.  Work  has  been  done  on  the 
Revenue  mine,  and  some  splendid  ore  at  the  mouth  of  the 
shaft.     Thi«  claim  is  situnted  on  the  Lucky  Cusb  lead. 

Globb  Itkms.—  Stiver  Belt,  Mar.  28:  Messrs.  Allen  & 
Skinner  have  been  working  the  Despreclado  mine  and 
have  obtained  verv  good  results.  Tbe  ledge  Is  10  ft  In 
width  and  assays  from  $30  to  $160  per  toil.  Otner  work 
at  various  points  on  tbe  claim  shows  good  ore.  Work  fs 
Btill  progressing  in  tbe  tunnel  running  for  the  Big  Indian 
ledge,  which  iB  now  in  80  ft.  There  is  good  ore  in  sight  in 
the  Geueral  Allen  mine,  and  can  be  taken  out  at  any  time. 
The  Kl  Capitan  mine  is  yielding  ore  worth  from  $300  to 
$400  per  ton.  A  shipment  U  to  be  made  to  the  Miami 
mill.  Four  men  are  8t  work.  Tho  Metamora  Bhaft  Ifl 
over  190  ft  deep,  over  six  ft  having  been  mode  last  week. 
The  quartz  is  still  of  a  promising  quality.  Jack  Eaton, 
Whelan,  Lowther  &  Co.  have  found  good  ore  on  the  ex- 
tention  of  the  Barnes  lode,  at  Pinto  creek. 

COLORADO. 

8ilveb  Creee.—  Miner,  April  5:  Cavanaugh,  Nash  & 
Co.  have  leased  100  ft  of  ground  near  the  breast  of  tbe 
OConnel  tunnel.  This  is  the  lowest  drift  on  the  mine, 
and  is  250  ft  in  length.  A  short  distai  ce  back  from  the 
breast,  where  the  1>  ssees  are  commencing  to  stope,  there 
is  a  vein  of  ore  from  two  to  ten  inches  in  width.  All  the 
classes  of  tho  ore  average  near  y  400  ounces,  and  some  of 
the  first  class  run  up  to  900  ounces.  The  *.re  cousis  fl  of 
galena  carrying  copper  pyrites  and  gray  copper,  besides 
which  there  i-i  some  decomposed  ore,  though  this  stope  is 
about  200  ft  from  the  surface  The  breast  of  tbe  drift 
carries  from  two  to  three  inches  of  ore,  more  or  less  de- 
composed, which  assays  from  208  to  926  ounces  of  silve 


[Continued  on  pftgo  244.) 


230 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[April  12,  1879, 


A  New  Process  for  Treating  Pyrites  and 
Copper  Sulphurets. 

English   technical  journals    seem    to   attach 
much   importance  to  a  process  brought  forward 
by  John  Holloway,  in  a  recent  lecture   before 
the  Society  of  Arts.     The  idea,  which  has  been 
broached  repeatedly,  though  it  has  never  under- 
gone so   complete  a  practical  test,  is  borrowed 
from  the  Bessemer  process.     Air  is  blown  into 
the  sulphides  previously  melted  in  a  cupola,  to 
eliminate  as  much  as  possible  the  sulphur,  thus 
concentrating  the  copper,  by  one  operation,  in  a 
rich   regulus,    instead   of    carrying  it    through 
numerous  calcinations  and  fusions.     The  experi- 
ments made  prove  that  the  reactions  in  question 
take  place,  and   on  theoretical  grounds  no  fault 
can  be  found  with  the  process,  but  it  is  hard  to 
see  how  it  can  be   practically  carried  out  on  a 
large  scale  in  an  economical  manner.     The  Bes- 
semer  converter,  after  trial  by  Mr.  Holloway, 
haa   been  abandoned  by   him  as  an  unsuitable 
apparatus  for  this   process.     The  best  form  of 
furnace    for    working    the    process    cannot   at 
present  be  decided  upon,  but  it  is  probable  that 
eventually  it   will   be    a    modification    of   the 
ordinary   blast  furnace,    fitted    with   a  tuyere 
hearth.     The  theory  of  smelting  sulphides  with 
a  blast  furnace  is  briefly  as  follows:     The  opera- 
tion is  started  by  putting  the  tuyere  hearth  in 
place  and  throwing  hot   coke  at   the  top  of  the 
furnace;  the  blast  is  then  turned   on,  and  when 
the  coke   becomes    incandescent   the    working 
charge   of  sulphides  and  fluxes  is   introduced. 
As  soon  as  a  layer  of  molten  sulphide  is  formed 
over  the  tuyeres  the    blast  is  increased,  as  also 
the  burden  of  the   furnace.     The  charge  above 
the  fusion  zone  becomes  heated  as  it  descends, 
losing  much  sulpher  by  volatilization  as  it  melts, 
and  also  reducing  the  temperature  of  the  gases 
as  they   pass   upward.     The   sublimed  oxides, 
sulphides  and  sulphur  are  collected  in    wide 
chambers,  with  which  the  side  flue  is  connected. 
On  the   hearth,  where  the   air  is  forced  in,  the 
oxygen  acts  upon  the  sulphides  of  iron  and  zinc, 
and,  as  long  as  a  constant  supply  of  these  sub- 
stances is  provided,  nothing  else  is  appreciably 
oxidized.     The   slag  is  withdrawn  from  a  tap- 
hole  near  the  top  of  the  hearth,  and  the  furnace 
is  kept  in  action  as  long  as  the  tuyere  hearth 
lasts.     The  heat  of  the  gases  could  be  used  for 
raising  the  temperature  of  the  blast,  or  for  pro- 
ducing the  steam  required  to   work  the  blowing 
engines.     The  produce   of  six  tons  of   material 
would  be   tapped   every   half-hour,  so   that  in 
seven   days'  continuous   working   1000  tons  of 
pyrites   bearing  sulphides   would    be    treated. 
The  sulphurous  acid  could  be  utilized  in  several 
ways,    and    Mr,    Holloway    acknowledges    his 
indebtedness  to  Mr.  A  H.  Allen  for  the  sugges- 
tion of  a  method  by  which  large  quantities  of 
liquid,    anhydrous,    sulphurous    acid   could   be 
converted  into  sulphuric  acid,  free  from  arsenic. 

LeadviUe. 

This  infant  city  of  the  past  year,  with  its 
closely  built  streets,  its  bustle  of  trade,  its 
throng  of  teams  that  till  and  block  the  way,  and 
its  surging  masses  of  humanity  that  move  in 
ceaseless  currents  from  daylight  until  the  mid- 
night hour,  is  one  of  the  marvels  of  the  age. 
The  site  is  favorable — a  smooth  plateau,  sloping 
gently  to  the  west,  rounding  off  into  California 
gulch  on  the  south,  and  rising  to  a  slight  ridge 
on  the  north.  When  the  town  began,  the  plat 
was  covered  with  pine  trees,  but  nearly  all  have 
fallen,  and  each  day  diminishes  the  few  that 
ought  to  be  carefully  preserved.  Fortunately, 
thick  forests  surrounded  it  ou  all  sides,  and 
most  of  the  timber  is  green,  furnishing  excellent 
building  material  at  the  lowest  possible  cost. 
Building  is  going  forward  faster  now  than  ever 
before,  and  the  town  spreads  visibly  day  by 
day.  Along  all  the  roads  leading  out  north  and 
east,  strings  of  foundations,  half  built  or  com- 
pleted cabins  stretch  continuously  for  a  distance 
varying  from  half  a  mile  to  two  miles.  On  the 
other  sides  they  do  not  reach  so  far.  There  are 
hundreds,  perhaps  thousands,  of  these  squatter 
claims,  and  it  is  nothing  unusual  to  hear  of 
their  sale  for  $50,  £100  or  §200  each,  when  the 
improvement  is  nothing  more  than  four  logs, 
poles  or  slabs. 

The  altitude  is  about  10,400  feet  above  the 
sea,  and  the  outlook  is  grand  and  magnificent. 
To  the  east,  beyond  the  swelling  green  of  the 
pine  forests,  are  the  shining  peaks  of  the  Park 
range.  Northward  are  lofty  summits  that  close 
in  the  head  of  the  Arkansas.  Westward  across 
the  wide  level  valley  are  those  stupendous 
masses,  Massive  mountain,  Mount  Elbert,  La 
Plata  mountain,  and  all  the  magnificent  Sa- 
watch  range,  here  the  mother  mountains.  South- 
ward the  view  is  down  the  valley  of  the  river 

a  vanishing  vista,  shut  in  by  mountain  walls. 

The  characteristics  are  those  of  any  prosper- 
ous mining  camp,  but  on  a  marvelous  scale. 
There  is  au  air  of  permanence  not  common  to 
such,  but  otherwise  the  history  of  its  growth 
has  been  a  hundred  times  repeated  in  California, 
Nevada  and  the  Rocky  Mountain  States  and 
Territories.  Life  is  intensified.  Everybody 
who  has  anything  to  do  is  on  the  jump.  The 
rasp  of  the  saw  aud  tattoo  of  the  hammer  are 
heard  from  daylight  to  dark  seven  days  in  the 
week.  Business  occupies  the  same  time  aud 
reaches  far  into  the  night  as  well.  You  must 
elbow  and  push  your  way  through  the  crowds 
that  fill  the  sidewalks  and  wait  for  an  opening 
in  the  teams  and  vehicles  that  throng  the 
streets  to  cross  from  one  side  to  another.  Rents 
are  fabulous.  Real  estate  has  advanced  1^000% 
in  three  or  four  months.  Such  is  LeadviUe  at 
a  glance. — Denver  News. 


Lime  for  Adobe  and  Gypsum  for  Alkali. 

We  have  been  interested  in  reading  in  the 
American  Journal  of  Science  a  paper  by  Prof. 
E.  W.  Hilgard  on  the  subject  "Flocculation  of 
Particles  and  its  Physical  and  Technical  Bear- 
ings." The  paper  is  intended  for  the  perusal 
of  those  who  are  interested  in  soil  investigation 
from  the  scientific  side,  and  is  clad  in  technical 
language.  We  shall  present  in  simpler  form 
some  of  the  conclusions  arrived  at  by  the  writer 
and  the  reasons  therefor. 

The  Professor  speaks  concerning  two  kinds 
of  refractory  soils;  one  strong  clay  or  adobe, 
the  other  alkali;  and  the  "flocculation  of 
particles  alluded'  to  is  the  formation  of  line 
particles  which  form  these  soils  into  floccules 
or  small  bunches.  It  will  not  be  necessary  for 
us  to  follow  the  writer  in  his  close  and  con- 
vincing argument  as  to  the  ways  in  which  these 
floccules  are  formed,  but  it  will  suffice  to  show 
that  upon  their  formation  depends  the  tillabil- 
ity  of  the  soils  mentioned.  On  the  one  hand  we 
have  the  fine  single  atoms  of  a  clayey  soil  forced 
close  together  by  the  plow  and  "tamped"  or 
"puddled,"  as  it  were,  so  that  it  is  impossible 


analyses  of  adjacgnt  soils,  one  being  from  a  fer- 
tile ridge,  another  from  an  alkali  spot  lying  about 
ISinches  lower  than  the  ridge.  Thealkali  soil  had 
been  plowed,  cross-plowed,  rolled  and  harrowed, 
until  the  harrow  produced  no  farther  effect ; 
and  the  result  was  a  seed-bed  of  soil  clods  rang- 
ing from  the  size  of  a  pea  to  that  of  a  billiard 
ball,  but  no  tilth.  At  the  same  time  portions 
of  the  ridge  soil,  cultivated  in  the  same  way, 
were  reduced  to  an  ashy  condition  of  tilth. 
Examination  showed  that  the  two  soils  were 
almost  alike  in  mechanical  composition,  but 
chemical  analysis  showed  the  alkaline  carbon- 
ates in  the  intractable  spots,  and  the  presence 
of  these  prevented  the  floccular  condition  which 
we  have  described.  The  application  of  gypsum, 
by  decomposing  these  alkaline  carbonates,  en- 
ables tne  particles  to  flocculate  or  form  crumbs, 
and  thus  become  tillable.  This  was  apparent  at 
once  in  the  experimental  quantity  of  the  soil 
used  in  the  laboratory,  but  another  season  will 
be  required  to  show  the  effect  in  the  fiehL 
Another  effect  of  the  plaster  is  in  neutralizing 
the  corrosive  effect  of  the  alkali  upon  plant 
growth,  as  has  already  been  shown  practically 
and  on  a  considerable  scale  by  the  use  of  plaster 
on  the  alkali  soils  in  Los  Angeles  county. 

These  are  some  of  the  points  which  Prof.  Hil- 
gard has  placed  before  the  scientific  world  con- 
cerning his  investigation  of  our  soil   problems. 


to  wholly  break  them  down,  and  the  only  result    and  we  doubt  not   we  shall   hear  farther  from 


Tt|E    ENJqGNlEl^. 


DESIGN    FOR    A    MODEST    FRAME    COTTAGE. 


of  thorough  plowing  and  harrowing  is  in  re- 
ducing the  size  of  the  lumps  but  not  destroying 
their  cemented  character.  Ou  the  other  hand 
we  have  the  particles  of  the  soil  first  formed 
into  floccules,  so  that  the  effect  of  tools  is  to 
sunder  them  and  to  give  us  a  condition  of  fine 
tilth.  The  whole  question  of  tillability  in  these 
soils  seems  then  to  restupon  making  the  parti- 
cles into  floccules,  because  if  floccular  they  will 
not  cement  into  lumps  nor  run  together  in  a 
hard  crust,  as  is  their  disposition  if  the  par- 
ticles are  all  free  to  act  singly  when  they  come 
under  the  plow  or  when  they  are  beaten  by 
heavy  rains. 

This  much  premised  ,we  may  now  quote 
a  paragraph  concerning  the  use  of  lime  in 
rendering  clay  floccular  in  its  structures. 
The  Professor  writes:  "Let  clay  or  clay  soil 
be  worked  into  a  plastic  paste  with  water 
and  then  dried:  the  result  will  be  a  mass 
of  almost  stony  hardness.  Add  to  the  same 
paste  about  one-half  of  one  per  cent,  of 
caustic    lime,    which    substance   (as   shown  by 


him  in  the  Press  concerning  the  practical  bear- 
ings of  his  studies. — Pacific  Rural  P?'ess. 


A  Cheap  Frame  Cottage. 

We  give  on  this  page  a  design  for  a  cheap 
frame  cottage,  which  would  make  a  modest 
pretty  home  for  a  small  family.  It  is  planned 
by  Isaac  H.  Hobbs  &  Son,  of  Philadelphia,  the 
intention  being  to  secure  good  large  rooms  with 
no  waste  space  and  without  expensive  features 
in  construction.  In  this,  we  think  the  archi- 
tects have  succeeded  admirably.  From  the 
porch  one  enters  a  hall  10x16  feet,  with  a  win- 
dow at  each  end,  which  would  give  as  light  and 
airy  hall  as  one  could  wish.  This  is  a  desirable 
feature  which  is  too  often  neglected  in  small 
houses.  As  will  be  seen  by  the  dimensions 
which  we  shall  give,  the  rooms  are  all  of  gener- 


Some  Features  of  Ancient  Engineering. 

The  following  is  an  abstract  of  a  paper  lately 
read  by  Mr.  George  Burnham,  Jr.,  before  the 
Engineers'  Club  of  Philadelphia:  Modern  re- 
search has  developed  the  fact  that  nearly  all 
the  materials  (in  a  very  wide  sense  of  the  word) 
of  modern  civilization  originated  in  antiquity, 
the  peculiar  province  of  our  time  being  to  ring 
the  changes  of  variety  upon  these  elements  and 
give  them  an  immense  diffusion. 

The  textile  fabrics  of  wool,  cotton,  flax  and 
silk  were  known  to  the  Egyptians  of  three  or 
four  thousand  years  ago,  but  the  cotton-gin,  the 
power-loom  and  the  steam  engine  have  greatly 
increased!  their  variety  and  put  them  into  the 
hands  of  everyone.  The  same  thing  is  true  of 
the  engineering  art,  for,  if  we  except  iron 
framing,  the  ancients  originated  nearly  all  the 
typical  forms  we  how  employ.  They  were 
acquainted  with  the  constructive  uses  of  wood, 
carried  stone  construction  to  a  point  that  we 
have  never  since  reached,  and  probably  never 
shall;  their  brickwork  dates  from  the  very 
earliest  times,  and  they  constructed  canals  and 
aqueducts  for  irrigation,  water  supply  and  in- 
land navigation,  as  well  as  elaborate  drainage 
systems,  long  before  their  civilization  culmin- 
ated. 

The  Chaldean  structures,  dating  from  2200 
to  1500  B.  C,  were  built  of  small  sun-dried 
bricks,  laid  in  bitumen,  and  faced  with  kiln- 
dried  bricks,  stamped  with  the  name  of  the 
king.  These  temples  were  built  on  elevated 
platforms  of  beaten  clay,  in  some  instances  cased 
with  massive  walls  of  stone,  the  object  being  to 
raise  them  above  the  level  of  the  plain  for  arch- 
itectural effect  and  to  avoid  inundation.  A  1 
brick  burial  vault  at  Mugheir  exhibits  a  rudi- 
mentary arch.  The  vault  is  seven  feet  long, 
five  feet  high  and  three  feet  seven  inches  wide. 
The  sides  slope  gently  outward  until  the  spring- 
ing line  is  reached,  when  the  successive  courses 
are  pushed  toward  each  other  until  they  meet 
at  the  top.  Similar  arches  are  found  in  early 
Greek  work  at  Phigalia,  Messene  and  other 
places. 

The  old  notion  that  the  round  arch  was  of 
Roman,  and  the  pointed  arch  of  Gothic  origin, 
has  been  dissipated  by  the  spade  of  the  archae- 
ologist. Both  of  these  varieties  are  found  in 
Assyrian  work.  They  are  usually  of  brick,  and 
occur  in  underground  construction,  as  drains 
and  vaults.  The  brick  arch  existed  in  Egypt 
as  early  as  1540  B.  C,  and  a  stone  arch  has  been 
found  dating  from  600  B.  C. 

The  masonry  of  the  past  is,  of  course,  identi- 
cal with  ours,  since  we  have  simply  adopted 
the  methods  of  the  ancients.  We  find  in  Egypt 
and  Western  Asia  smooth  and  rock-faced  ashlar, 
rubble  and  irregular  range  work  essentially  like 
that  of  to-day.  The  Assyrian  and  Egyptian 
bas-reliefs  indicate  their  method  of  moving 
heavy  masses.  Sledges  were  used,  drawn  by 
large  bodies  of  men.  Rollers  were  placed  under 
the  sledge,  and  the  piece  was  carefully  "guyed" 
by  parties  of  men  with  appropriate  ropes  and 
pi  ops. 

Tne  Roman  military  roads  crossed  mountains 
and  valleys  without  regard  to  the  nature  of  the 
ground;  tunnels,  open  cuts,  embankments  and 
bridges  frequently  occurring.  Place  cross  ties 
and  steel  rails  upon  a  Roman  road  aud  suppose 
the  grade  not  too  steep,  and  the  points  of  ap- 
proach and  divergence  of  modern  and  ancient 
engineering  are  at  once  apparent.  Substantially 
the  substructure  was  the  same  as  that  of  a 
modern  railroad,  but  in  place  of  the  pedestrian 
or  the  ox  team  we  have  the  locomotive,  with  its 
"fast  express"  or  heavily  laden  freight  train. 


FIRST    FLOOR. 


Schlcesing  and  myself)  possesses  in  an  emi- 
nent degree  the  property  of  coagulating  clay 
into  floccules.  The  diminution  of  plasticity 
will  be  obvious  at  once,  even  in  a  wet  condi- 
tion, and  upon  drying,  the  mass  will  fall 
into  a  pile  of  crumbs  upon  mere  touch,  or 
dropping  it  on  the  floor.  This  is  a  convincing 
illustration  of  the  effect  of  liming  upon  clay 
soils  in  rendering  them  'warmer'  and  more 
readily  tilled.  This  agrees  with  the  experience 
of  farmers  that  the  'lightening'  effect  of  a  lim- 
ing continues  for  years  to  be  manifest  and  is 
never  entirely  lost."  The  deduction  from  tests 
made  with  the  proper  apparatus  is  that  the  ac- 
tion of  lime  is  to  cause  the  particles  of  the  soil 
to  assume  the  form  of  compound  crumbs  which 
fall  apart  when  dry,  because  of  the  greater  dis- 
tance between  them  than  between  the  particles 
when  they  are  all  free  to  run  together  when 
puddled  by  heavy  rains.  It  is  because  lime 
has  this  effect  upon  the  particles  of  clay  soil 
that  its  use  in  practice  has  been  found  very  sat- 
isfactory. 

Another  instance  of  the  beneficial  effects  of 
flocculation  or  crumbing,  is  seen  in  the  effect  of 
gypsum  or  land  plaster  upon  alkali  soils,  which 
are  rendered  both  infertile  and  untillable  by  the 
presence  of  alkaline  carbonates.  Prof.  Hilgard 
cites  a  case  of  alkali  soil  from  near  Stockton,  of 
which  some  mention  was  made  by  him  in  an 
article  for  the  Press  last  year.     He  made  two 


SECOND    FLOOR. 

ous  size  and  well  lighted.  The  projecting  roof 
will  help  to  cool  the  upper  rooms,  a  fine  feature 
in  our  warmer  regions.  Train  some  handsome 
climbing  vines  or  roses  over  the  porch  and 
diversify  the  foreground  more  with  handsome 
shrubs  and  flower  beds,  and  one  would  have  as 
cozy  a  home  as  could  be  longed-for. 

In  the  floor  plans,  No.  1,  is  the  porch  ;  No.  2, 
entrance  hall,  10x16  feet  ;  No.  3,  living  room, 
14x20  feet ;  No.  4,  dining  room,  16x18  feet;  No. 
5,  kitchen,  12x14  feet ;  No,  6,  rear  porch  from 
which  entrance  can  be  had  to  the  living  room 
from  the  outside.  It  will  be  noticed  that  the 
house  has  no  parlor.  This  is  according  to  our 
"hobby."  Put  your  best  things  in  the  living 
room  and  enjoy  them. 


Tunneling  the  Detroit  River. — Mr.  Van- 
derbilt  is  going  actively  at  work  to  carry  out 
the  important  transit  improvement  of  tunnel- 
ing the  river  at  Detroit.  Information  has  been 
received  at  that  city  to  the  effect  that  Mr.  Van- 
derbilt  has  awarded  the  contract,  and  that 
work  is  to  be  begun  the  first  week  in  April. 
The  price  is  stated  to  he  $1,500,000.  The  tun- 
nel will  extend  from  Stony  island  to  Anderson, 
Ont,,  a  distance  of  3,700  feet,,  with  double 
arches  for  a  double  track,  18  feet  high  and  15 
feet  wide, 


The  Nicaragua  Isthmus  Canal.* 

A  corlgress  is  now  sitting  in  Paris,  under  the 
Presidency  of  M.  de  Lesseps,  to  decide  between 
two  rival  French  schemes  for  the   construction 
of  the  canal  to  unite   the   Atlantic   and   Pacific 
oceans.     One  of   these,    the   most  plausible  is 
that  of  M.  Blanchet,  a  pupil  of  M.  de   Lesseps, 
who  proposes    to   go   farther   north  than  the 
Isthmus  of  Darien,  to  avoid  the  numerous  diffi- 
culties of  that  route,  by  utilizing   the    Lake  of 
Nicaragua.     This   plan   bears  some  general  re- 
semblance to  the  American  plan   of   Lull   and 
Menocal,  though  it  still  differs  from  it  both  in 
principle  and  in  details.     M.  Blanchet  proposes 
to  start  from  the  Pacific  at  Port   Brito;  then, 
after  reaching  the  lake,  shoot  right  across  for 
the  San  Juan  river,  follow  the  river  for  nearly 
its  entire  course,  and  reach  the   Atlantic   by  a 
short   cutting  to  San    Juan    del    Norte.     Port 
Brito  and  San  Juan  del  Norte  wonld,  therefore, 
form   the  extremities  of  the    canal.     Lull  and 
Menocal  propose  pretty  much  the  same  course, 
but  where  M.  Blanchet  differs   from  them  and 
from  all  other   projectors   who   have   suggested 
this  route,  is  in  his  proposal  to  prolong  the  lake 
to  the  adjacent  valleys  on  either  side,  and  thus 
extend  the  area  of  lake  communication  between 
ocean  and  ocean — to   do   in  fact   what  M.    de 
Lesseps  did  at  Suez  with  Timsah  and   Bitter 
lakes.     The  main  point  in  all  these  Nicaraguan 
schemes  is  the  existence  of  the  lake.     Here  is  a 
vast  sheet  of  water  stretching  half  way  across 
the  neck  of  the  continent;  here  in  fact  is  half 
your  work  done  by  nature.     Now,  M.  Blanchet 
goes  further,  and  says  that  with   comparatively 
small  labor  you  may  virtually  prolong  this  lake 
far  down  the  San  Juan  valley  on   the   Atlantic 
side  and  the  Valley  of  the  Rio  Grande  on  the 
Pacific  side.     Then,  as  you  approach  the  low- 


April  12,  1879.1 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS 


231 


lying  lauds  at  the  outlet  (the  lake  being  of  a 
higher  level  than  the  adjacent  ocean)  you  regu- 
late the  How  by  a  double  series  of  locks  on  the 
Atlantic  side  and  a  single  scries  on  the  J'a  ilic 
side.  M.  Blanche t  requires  14  locks  for  Nica- 
ragua, while  those  called  for  by  the  Selfridge 
plan  for  Darien  number  2"2;  those  of  the  former, 
besides,  lie  together  in  groups,  which  makes 
them  more  easy  of  management.  The  narrow- 
est part  of  his  canal  is  164  fcut  wide,  with  a 
draft  "f  nearly  31  feet,  and  for  the  greater  part 
of  its  course  it  is,  properly  speaking,  no  canal  at 
all,  bat  a  broad  lake.  Its  estimated  cost  is 
about  $40,000,000,  which,  doubled,  would  still 
leave  a  sensible  difference  in  outlay  be- 
tween that  and  all  other  schemes.  There  is 
another  consideration.  As  most  of  the  trade  of 
the  world  is  with  the  northern  rather  than  the 
southern  half  of  the  American  continent,  there 
will  be  a  considerable  saving  of  time  and  dis- 
tance by  the  use  of  tho  more  northerly  route. 
Vessels,  for  instance,  sailing  from  the  Gtalf  of 
Mexico  to  California,  or  the  reverse,  would  gain 
over  700  miles  by  crossing  at  Nicaragua  instead 
of  at  the  isthmus.  Iu  addition  to  this,  they 
would  get  rid  of  the  risk  of  the  frequent  calms 
of  the  Grail  of  Panama,  the  outlet  of  the  isthmus 
on  one  side,  where  sailing  ships  are  sometimes 
detained  for  months  at  a  time.  The  salubrity 
of  Nicaragua  is  an  immense  advantage,  as  facili- 
tating the  importation  of  labor  aud  the  general 
prosecution  of  the  work.  The  canal  of  Self- 
ridge, by  Darien,  taking  its  tortuous  curves 
into  account,  would  be  204  miles  long;  the  line 
of  communication  in  the  Blanchet  plan  is 
actually  leas — only  ISO  miles.  The  Suez  canal, 
it  may  be  stated  for  purposes  of  comparison,  is 
99  miles  long.  The  lowest  draft  of  water  at 
Suez  is  26.4  feet;  at  Darien,  Selfridge  would 
give  a  minimum  of  20.2  feet,  a  triHe  less;  at 
Nicaragua,  Blanchet  would  give  a  minimum  of 
31.4  feet.  The  Suez  canal  was  estimated  to 
cost  $40,000,000,  and  the  actual  bill  came  to 
$96,000,000.  The  Darien  canal  is  estimated  at 
$120,000,000;    the  Nicaraguan  at  $38,000,000. 


From  the  Bosphorus  to  the  Euphrates. 

The  construction  of  a  railroad  from  some 
point  on  the  Bosphorus  on  the  JEgean  sea,  di- 
rect to  the  navigable  waters  of  the  Euphrates, 
is  now  a  matter  of  serious  consideration  with 
English  capitalists.  The  road  will  pass  near 
the  northeastern  corner  of  the  Mediterranean 
sea,  and  it  is  proposed  to  have  the  road  touch 
that  sea  at  some  convenient  port — say  at  Pogas 
or  Alcxandretta,  so  that  direct  communication 
can  be  had  with  the  road  from  those  waters. 
This  latter  becomes  a  special  matter  of  neces- 
sity, now  that  Cyprus  occupies  so  important  a 
strategical  a  position  in  that  region.  So  im- 
portant a  matter  is  this  considered,  it  is  ad- 
mitted that,  if  necessary,  even  an  artificial  har- 
bor must  be  constructed  at  the  point  where  the 
railroad  touches  the  sea.  Upon  the  question  of 
constructing  such  a  harbor  at  some  point  front- 
ing Cyprus,  and  the  advantages  that  would 
accrue  to  British  trade  from  its  construction, 
correspondents,  dating  from  Constantinople, 
write  to  the  Liverpool  Chamber  of  Commerce: 
"Just  in  front  of  Cyprus  is  the  Gulf  of  Isken- 
derun,  otherwise  Alexandretta,  in  which  Ayaso 
is  situated.  Iskenderun  would  be  one  of  the 
best  localities  for  a  harbor,  being  well 
sheltered." 

The  advantages  of  a  harbor  at  some  or  other 
of  these  points  would  give  a  great  impetus,  it  is 
conceived,  to  the  trade  of  the  country,  and  fa- 
cilitate and  extend  British  commerce  with  Tur- 
key. The  products  of  Great  Britain  are  more 
sought  after  by  the  generality  of  the  population 
than  are  those  of  any  other  foreign  country, 
while  the  productions  of  France,  Austria,  and 
Germany  are  in  demand  by  the  higher  classes. 
Openings  for  new  undertakings,  and  for  the  es- 
tablishment of  lines  of  steamers,  would,  it  is 
alleged,  be  favored  and  encouraged  by  the  con- 
struction of  a  harbor,  to  which  the  abundant 
produce  of  the  country  would  flow,  as  the  out- 
let for  its  transit  to  other  ports  for  consumption, 
and  the  center  for  a  large  British  export  and 
import  trade. 


UsEf  JL     I[^Or\f1i\JION. 


New  Substitutes    for  Gold  and  Silver— 
Aphthite  aud  Sideraphthite. 

Some  very  beautiful  alloys,  applicable  as  sub- 
stitutes for  gold  and  silver  iu  the  manufacture 
of  jewelry  and  similar  purposes,  have  been  pro- 
duced by  Messrs.  Mcilireii  ft  Co.,  of  Marseilles. 
To  make  an  alloy  having  the  appearance  aud 
color  of  gold,  they  place  in  a  crucible  copper  as 
pure  as  possible,  platinum,  and  tungstic  acid  in 
the  proportions  below  stated,  and  when  the 
metals  are  completely  melted,  they  stir  and 
granulate  them  by  running  them  into  water  con- 
taiinn^  olio  grammes  of  slaked  lime  and  500 
grammes  of  carbonate  of  potash  for  every  cubic 
meter  of  water.  This  mixture,  dissolved  iu 
water,  has  the  property  of  rendering  the  alloy 
still  purer.  They  then  collect  tho  granulated 
metal,  dry  it,  and  after  having  rcmelted  in  a 
crucible  they  add  a  certain  quantity  of  tine  gold 
in  the  proportion  hereinafter  specified.  An 
alloy  is  thus  produced,  which,  when  run  into 
ingots,  presents  the  appearance  of  red  gold  of 
the  standard  75ft  1000,  and  to  which  may  be  ap- 
plied the  name  of  "aphthite,"  or  unalterable. 
They  can  change  tho  color  of  the  alloy  by  vary- 
ing the  proportions  of  the  different  metals.  As 
flux  they  use  boric  acid,  nitrate  of  soda,  and 
chloride  of  sodium  previously  melted  together 
in  equal  proportions.  The  proportion  of  flux  to 
be  employed  is  25  grammes  per  kilogramme  of 
the  alloy.  The  proportions  they  employ,  by 
preference,  for  producing  an  alloy  of  red  gold 
color  are:  Copper,  SOOgrammes;  platinum,  25; 
tungstic  acid,  10;  and  gold,  170  grammes. 

The  alloy  used  in  imitation  of  silver  consists 
of  iron,  65  parts ;  nickel,  23  parts  ;  tungsten,  4 
parts  ;  aluminum,  5  parts;  and  copper,  5  parts. 
The  iron  and  tungsten  are  melted  together,  and 
then  granulated,  as  in  the  case  of  the  previous 
alloy,  except  that  in  this  instance  the  water  into 
which  the  mixture  is  run  contains  one  kilo- 
gramme of  slaked  lime  and  one  kilogramme  of 
carbonate  of  potash  per  cubic  meter.  The  nickel, 
copper  and  aluminum  are  also  melted  together 
and  granulated  by  running  into  water  contain- 
ing the  same  proportion  of  lime  and  potash. 
Care  Bhould  be  taken  during  the  melting  to 
cover  the  metals  contained  in  the  two  cruci- 
bles with  a  flux  composed  of  one  part  of  boric 
acid  to  one  part  of  nitrate  of  potash  or  niter. 
In  the  crucible  containing  the  aluminum  and 
copper  they  place  a  lump  of  sodium  of  about 
two  grammes  in  weight  when  treating  five  kilo- 
grammes of  the  three  metals  (nickel,  copper 
and  aluminum)  together  to  prevent  oxidation  of 
the  aluminum,  and  they  also  add  charcoal  to 
prevent  oxidation  of  the  copper.  Before  gran- 
ulating the  metal  in  each  crucible  it  should  be 
well  stirred  with  a  fire-clay  stirrer. 

The  granulated  metals  are  dried,  as  in  the 
former  case,  then  melted  together  in  the  same 
crucible  in  the  proportions  above  indicated,  and 
well  stirred,  after  which  the  alloy  is  run  into 
ingots.  The  alloy  thus  obtained,  to  which  may 
given  the  name  of  "sideraphthite"  (or  unchange- 
able iron)  presents  the  same  white  appearance 
as  platinum  or  silver,  and  is  not  more  expen- 
sive than  German  silver.  These  improved  me- 
tallic alloys  are  capable  of  resisting  the  action 
of  sulphureted  hydrogen,  are  unattacked  by 
vegetable  acids,  and  but  slightly  attacked  by 
mineral  acids ;  they  are  also  perfectly  ductile 
and  malleable. — London  Mining  Journal. 


Rocking  Piers  for  Viaducts. — A  novel  con- 
struction has  been  recently  described  in  Engi- 
neering as  having  been  employed  in  the  Dysdale 
viaduct,  on  the  railroad  from  Christiana  and 
Fredrikshald,  carrying  a  single  rail  over  the 
Dyse  brook.  These  rocking  piers  for  viaducts 
are  intended  to  protect  the  structure  from  the 
effects  of  expansion  and  contraction,  due  to 
alterations  of  temperature.  The  piers  which 
support  the  superstructure  are  of  wrought  iron 
with  lattice-work  web.  In  the  longitudinal  di- 
rection of  the  viaduct,  which  is  some  603  feet 
in  length,  there  is  only  a  single  column  between 
each  span,  possessing  no  stability  in  itself,  and 
the  upper  end  is  allowed  to  move  along  with 
the  superstructure  when  the  latter  expands  and 
contracts.  The  lower  end  of  each  pier  rests  on 
a  hinged  shoe,  so  that  breaking  strains  are 
avoided,  and  the  load  is  always  rendered  cen- 
tral to  the  pier  columns.  The  movement  of 
iron  work  in  a  longitudinal  direction  is  trans- 
ferred to  the  one  abutment  on  which  are  the 
,  necessary  bed  plates,  provided  with  rollers;  on 
the  other  the  superstructure  is  kept  in  place  by 
a  fixed  shoe.  With  this  arrangement,  it  is 
stated  that  no  special  expansion  joint  in  the 
rails  is  necessary,  as  the  sleepers  and  platforms 
are  quite  independent  of  the  expansion  and 
contraction  of  the  ironwork. 


The  Latest  New  Thing — Banana  Flour. — 
The  banana  has  recently  found  a  new  use  in 
Venezuela.  It  has  the  property  of  keeping  the 
soil  moist  round  it,  in  a  country  where  some- 
times no  rain  falls  for  months;  so  it  has  been 
employed  to  give  freshness,  as  well  as  shade,  to 
the  coffee  plant,  whose  cultivation  has  been 
greatly  extended  (Venezuela  produced  38,000,- 
000  kilogrammes  of  coffee  in  1376).  The  Vene- 
zuelans can  consume  but  little  of  the  banana 
fruit  thus  furnished,  so  that  attention  is  being 
given  to  increasing  its  value  as  an  article  of  ex- 
port. At  the  Paris  exhibition  were  samples  of 
banana  flour  (got  by  drying  and  pulverizing  the 
fruit  before  maturity)  and  brandy  (from  the  ripe 
fruit).  The  flour  has  been  analyzed  by  MM. 
Marcano  and  Muntz.  It.  contains  61.1%  of 
starch,  and  only  2.9%  of  azotized  matter. 


How  to  Bronze  Plaster  Statues.  —  In 
bronzing  plaster  statues  the  powder  is  dusted 
over  the  statue  while  it  is  yet  sticky  from  a 
coating  of  turpentine  varnish.  The  best  way  is 
first  to  give  a  few  coats  of  alcoholic  shellac  var- 
nish, and  then  the  coating  of  turpentine  varn- 
ish, as  otherwise  the  latter  is  too  quickly 
absorbed.  Let  it  stand  till  half  dry  and  sticky 
and  then  dust  over  any  color  of  bronze-powder 
to  suit  the  case. 


Zinc  plates  expand  and  contract  strongly 
under  the  influence  of  change  in  the  tempera- 
ture, and  become  quite  brittle  in  the  cold. 
Zinc,  therefore,  must  be  allowed  plenty  of  play 
room.  It  should  be  attached  either  with  nails 
of  zinc  or  of  strongly  galvanized  iron,  as  iron 
nails  will  rapidly  rust  out. 


Lead  Alloys. 

Ninety-four  parts  lead  and  six  parts  antimony 
form  an  alloy  that  may  be  rolled  into  sheets, 
and  is  a  little  harder  than  puro  lead.  This  alloy 
is  much  used  for  sheathing  for  ships. 

Twenty-four  parts  lead  aud  four  parts  anti- 
mony form  an  alloy  that  is  used  in  place  of 
Babbitt  metal  for  filling  small  boxes  and  bear- 
ings. 

Twenty  parts  lead  and  four  parts  antimony 
form  an  alloy  that  is  softer  than  the  above, 
and  is  used  for*  the  same  purpose.  Either  of 
these  may  be  hardened  by  the  addition  of  more 
antimony;  but  care  must  be  taken  not  to  use 
too  much  antimony,  for  it  will  cause  the  alloy 
to  lose  its  fluidity,  and  it  cannot  be  run  into  the 
boxes. 

All  alloys  of  lead  and  antimony  are  rendered 
more  fluid  by  melting  them  under  a  covering  of 
oil. 

Five  parts  lead  and  five  parts  tin  make  a 
beautiful  white  alloy,  used  for  orgau  pipes.  The 
mottled  or  crystalline  appearance,  so  much  ad- 
mired in  the  pipe,  is  caused  by  using  an  abun- 
dance of  tin. 

One  hundred  parts  lead  and  two  parts  arsenic 
form  an  alloy  from  which  drop  shot  is  made. 

Eighteen  parts  lead,  four  parts  antimony  and 
one  part  bismuth  form  an  alloy  that  expauds  on 
cooling.  This  alloy  is  much  used  for  metallic 
patterns  for  snap  moldings. 

Spelter-Solder  Alloys. 

A  good  solder  for  copper  and  iron  is  composed 
of  three  parts  zinc  and  four  parts  copper. 

A  softer  solder  that  is  used  for  ordinary  brass 
work  is  composed  of  equal  parts  of  zinc  and 
copper. 

A  very  hard  but  fusible  solder  is  composed  of 
two  parts  zinc  and  one  part  copper.  This  Bolder 
is  so  hard  and  brittle  that  it  can  be  easily  crum- 
bled in  a  mortar  when  cold. 

The  two  first  solders  are  first  alloyed  and  cost 
into  ingots.  The  ingots  are  allowed  to  cool  iu  the 
mold,  and  then  reheated  nearly  to  redness  upon 
a  charcoal  fire,  and  are  broken  up  on  the  auvil, 
or  iu  a  mortar,  into  a  finely  granulated  state, 
for  use. 

Preserving  Cements.  —  Protection  from 
moisture,  even  that  of  air,  is  very  essential  for 
the  preservation  of  cements,  as  well  as  of  quick- 
lime. On  this  account  the  barrels  are  generally 
lined  with  stout  paper.  With  this  precaution, 
aided  by  keeping  the  barrels  stored  in  a  dry 
place,  raised  above  the  ground:  the  cement, 
although  it  may  require  more  time  to  set,  will 
not  otherwise  very  appreciably  deteriorate  for 
six  months;  but  after  14  or  16  months,  Gilmore 
says  it  is  unfit  for  use  in  important  works.  But 
in  lumps  kept  dry,  it  will  remain  good  for  two 
or  three  yearj,  and  may  be  ground  as  required 
for  use. — Trautwine. 


Qood   He^ljU. 


Gilt  Lettering  on  Leather. — The  leather 
is  covered  with  white  of  egg  where  the  lettering 
is  to  be  done.  A  leaf  of  gold  is  laid  on,  and  the 
letter  punches  heated  over  gas  are  picked  up 
and  pressed  gently  on  the  leather  in  order.  The 
remainder  of  the  gold  leaf  is  then  brushed  off  by 
a  camel  hair  pencil. 


Utilization  of  House  Wastes. 


The  whole  catalojrue  of  malignant  and  dangerous  dis- 
orders, says  an  ex  hange,  are  caused  liy  the  drainage  o' 
barnyards  and  rilihy  outbuildings  into  the  well,  wlvch  is 
often  placed  so  low  a*  to  t.ike  even  the  Biirfaeo  drainage, 
to  say  nothing  of  the  liquid  filth  which  soaks  through  the 
soil  and  poisons  the  currents  that  supply  the  wells  wiih 
water.  In  addition  to  this,  the  wash  waler  of  the  kitchen 
ia  often  thrown  out  near  tho  back  door,  instead  of  being 
carried  away  by  a  wide  and  free  drain.  And  then  very 
few  people  und  rstaud  how  dangerous  to  health  arc  the 
decaying  vegetables  «nd  all  sorts  of  impurities  that 
accumulate  in  cellars  umiu  ■  houses,  unless  they  arc  kept 
very  dry  and  ch'an,  and  carefully  watched.  The  above  is 
excellent,  but  the  New  York  Witness  thinks  there  is  more 
to  be  said,  and  adds  :  "  One  of  tho  greatest  securities  of 
a  house  is  to  surround  it  with  grapevines  and  roses. 
Though  the  fruit  of  the  vines  is  most  deliei  us,  and  the 
flowers  of  the  roses  most  fragrant,  tho  roots  of  both  are 
just  about  the  foulest  feeders  known.  They  will  appro- 
priate with  ustoniahmg  avidity  every  kind  i>f  filth  in  the 
soils  that  would  prove  noxious  to  human  life,  aua  cess- 
pools especially  should  be  carefully  surrounded  by  them. 
An  amateur  gardener  informed  us  the  other  day  of  the 
astonishi"  ir  success  he  had  in  trowing  peaches  aud  pears 
from  apparently  worn-out  trees  by  just  using:  soap-suds 
aud  other  slops  of  tho  kitchen  to  water  them.  He  had 
completely  overcome  the  borers  by  cleaning  out  a  portion 
of  the  soil  around  the  trees  and  Ailing  the  cup  tint*  made 
with  boiling  soap-suds.  And  he  had  banished  other  in- 
sects by  washing  the  bark  of  the  stem  with  the  same." 

The  above  paragraph  is  making  a  circuit  of  our 
exchanges,  and  will  we  trust  be  productive  of 
much  good,  for  it  is  true  and  the  advice  given 
ia  most  practical,  if  but  a  little  time  be  given  to 
the  application  of  it.  Thinking,  perhaps,  some 
of  our  readers  may  be  interested  in  some  little 
dooryard  irrigation  schemes  which  we  are  in- 
troducing around  our  home  in  Berkeley,  with  a 
view  to  realizing  the  benefits  of  the  fertilizing 
matter  contained  in  house  wastes  and  in  placing 
the  same  where  they  shali  be  inert  in  deleterious 
influences  upon  the  health  of  the  household,  we 
will  give  an  outline  of  our  operations. 

We  use  the  dry-earth  system,  indoors  by 
means  of  a  Wakefield  earth  closet,  and  outdoors 
by  means  of  an  outhouse  which  has  no  vault 
but  a  tight  compartment  below,  the  floor  of 
which  is  level  with  the  surface  of  the  ground 
in  the  rear  and  is  closed  by  a  door  hanging  by 
hinges  on  its  upper  edge.  In  this  box  dry  earth 
and  coal  ashes  are  thrown  regularly  and  the 
contents  deodorized.  This  material  with  the 
emptyings  from  the  indoor  earth  closet  is  applied 
asj  a  fertilizer  inthe  flower  beds. 

This  provision  restricts  the  discharges  from 
the  waste  pipes  of  the  house  to  the  Boapy 
water  from  the  bath-room,  wash-tubs  and 
kitchen-sink.  The  pipes  connect  with  an 
iron  stonepipe  which  leads  to  a  cesspool  four 


feet  square  and  eight  feet  deep,  with 
planked  aides,  which  is  sunk  two  feet  below 
the  surface  of  the  soil,  about  30  feet  from 
the  rear  of  the  house.  As  the  lot  slopes 
toward  the  front,  the  water  from  the  house 
is  delivered  at  an  elevated  point.  In  to  the 
cesspool  is  inserted  a  woodeu  pump,  costing 
$5,  which  raises  the  water  in  largo  quantities 
to  its  nozzle  which  is  about  three  feet  above  the 
surface  of  the  ground.  As  the  slope  brings 
nearly  the  whole  lot  within  reach  of  water 
(lowing  naturally  from  the  pump,  we  have  made 
u  lot  of  light  V-shaped  troughs,  by  nailing  to- 
gether pieces  of  half-inch  redwood,  aud  around 
the  lot,  following  the  lines  of  the  hedges  and 
flower  beds,  we  have  a  series  of  stationary  sup- 
ports into  which  a  line  of  the  troughs  can  be 
placL-d  in  a  few  minutes'  time,  and  a  stream  of 
soapsuds  can  be  seut  along  them  from  the  pump 
to  the  farthest  corner  of  the  lot.  We  theu  put 
an  assistant  at  the  pump  and  manning  the  hoe 
ourselves  we  direct  the  water  to  the  plants  or 
near  them,  and  as  portions  are  sufficiently 
soaked  we  take  off  a  length  of  trough,  and  so 
on  until  wo  have  followed  the  line  backward  to 
the  pump.  Then  the  troughs  are  put  on  the 
supports  along  another  line  and  the  pumping 
begins  again;  and  so  on  until  the  plants  are  all 
irrigated  or  the  cesspool  pumped  dry.  Then 
we  go  over  the  lines  quickly  with  the  back  of  a 
rake,  push  the  dry  soil  over  the  flooded  spots, 
aud  the  water  is  all  covered  under  where  it  will 
do  most  good. 

We  could  of  course  dig  channels  along  the 
surface  of  tho  soil  and  let  the  water  flow  down 
them  from  the  pump,  but  this  would  flood  the 
whole  premises  and  expose  a  large  surface 
drenched  with  dirty  water  to  the  sun,  which 
would  not  be  conducive  to  health  or  comfort. 
By  means  of  the  troughs  the  water  is  easily  car- 
ried over  walks  aud  borders  without  spilling, 
and  after  the  dry  earth  is  pushed  back  and  the 
surface  leveled  there  is  scarcely  a  trace  of  the 
irrigation,  and  the  earth  effectually  absorbs  all 
the  deleterious  qualities  of  the  waste  water. 

Of  course  we  mention  our  system  only  as 
applicable  to  small  gardens  and  where  the 
owner  can  take  a  delight  in  a  little  outdoor 
work  himself  at  an  odd  hour.  It  might  be  an 
expensive  way  to  dispose  of  sewage  if  one  had 
to  hire  all  the  work  done,  but  as  we  practice  it, 
we  are  freed  from  the  neighborhood  of  an  offen- 
sive cesspool  or  drains,  and  we  have  all  the 
potash  and  other  matter  which  we  buy  in  soap 
and  all  the  fertilizing  matter  gained  by  cleansing 
processes,  carried  directly  to  the  roots  of  our 
plants  where  it  is  made  to  do  good  service. 
With  the  aid  of  an  assistant  at  the  pump  we 
can  stow  away  about  800  gallons  of  water  in  an 
hour  and  a  half,  so  that  the  undertaking  is  not 
a  very  arduous  one. 

Keep  Dwellings  Dry. 

Saya  the  Cincinnati  Artisan:  "A  warm  and 
dry  atmosphere  is  not  unwholesome,  but  when 
cloudy  or  rainy  weather  brings  a  sultry  air 
which  dampens  everything  around  us,  the  at- 
mosphere may  be  loaded  with  the  germs  of  dis- 
ease, and  fire  is  needed  to  destroy  them.  The 
walls,  the  ceilings  and  the  floors  of  apartments 
should  never  be  allowed  to  become  damp. 
Sometimes,  when  the  warmth  of  the  air  is  op- 
pressive, fire  is  more  necessary  to  preserve 
health  than  it  is  at  another  season  to  protect  us 
from  the  cold  of  winter;  aud  the  rooms  of  a 
dwelling  Bhould  never  be  left  without  the  means 
of  warming  and  drying.  Investigations  have 
shown  that  many  of  the  most  fatal  diseases  are 
caused  by  the  germs  of  vegetable  and  animal 
life,  and  that  a  humid  atmosphere  is  most  favor- 
able for  their  propagation.  It  is,  therefore, 
ueglecting  to  avail  ourselves  of  the  great  dis- 
coveries of  the  age,  and  failing  to  protect  our- 
selves from  the  scourges  which  so  fearfully  af- 
flict families,  when  we  ignore  the  dangers  which 
surround  us.  Apartments  exposed  to  the  full 
action  of  the  sun  may  be  less  comfortable  in  hot 
weather  than  those  from  which  tho  Bun's  rays 
are  excluded,  but  they  are  more  wholesome, 
and  when  contagious  diseases  prevail  in  closely- 
built  cities,  it  is  found  that  the  inmates  of 
houses  on  that  side  of  the  street  exposed  to  the 
sun  are  less  liable  to  be  attacked,  while  the 
greatest  number  of  sick  are  always  found  where 
there  is  the  least  exposure  to  the  rays  of  that 
great  disiufector — the  sun. 


Coffee  as  an  Invioorator. — A  correspond- 
ent of  the  London  Lancet,  who  owns  a  waier- 
power  mill,  Bays:  "I  am  frequently  compelled, 
during  this  season  of  the  year  to  have  men 
working  in  water  even  in  frosty  weather.  I 
find  that  the  following  allowance  gives  great 
satisfaction  to  the  men,  and  we  never  have  a 
case  of  cold  or  injury  to  them  in  any  way: 
Kettleof  coffee  made  with  half  sweet  milk,  half 
water,  three  or  four  eggs,  whipped,  poured  into 
when  off  the  boil;  hot  toaBted  bread  with  plenty 
of  butter,  finest  quality.  Serve  up  this  every 
two  and  a  half  hours.  The  expense  is  much 
less  than  the  usual  allowance  of  whisky  and  the 
men  work  far  better,  and  if  care  is  taken  to 
have  the  coffee,  milk  (cream  is  still  better), 
bread  and  butter  of  the  very  finest  quality  the 
men  are  delighted  with  it.  I  am  persuaded  it 
would  be  worth  while  to  try  this  allowance 
instead  of  grog.  Furnishing  extra  grog  gives 
the  men  a  notion  that  it  is  good  for  them  and 
perpetuates  the  belief  in  stimulants  among 
workmen."  [This  would  perhaps  be  a  good 
drink  for  puddlers,  especially  in  hot  weather, 
when  they  are  often  without  appetite  and  weak 
on  account  of  drinking  too  much  water.] 


232 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[April  12,  1879. 


Outside  Prospecting   on 
Belt 


W.  B.  EW£R Sbxwr  Editor. 


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SAN    FRANCISCO: 
Saturday  Morning,  April  12, 


1879. 


TABLE  OP  CONTENTS. 


EDITORIALS.— An  Arizona  Vrnmgr  Camp;  Gold  on 
the  Skagit;  City  Hall  Sandstone.  225.    The  Week; 
Outside  Prospect  on  the  Comstock  Belt;  The  Water- 
boose  and  Brewer  Engine;  Fioodiug  the  Colorado  Des- 
ert, 232-     Arizona -No.  3;  Truth  to  Home  Seekers; 
Present  Aspect  of  the  Quicksilver  Question,  233.  No- 
tices of  Recent  Patents.  236- 
HibUST RATIONS.— The  Toltec  Mining  Camp,  Aztec 
District,  southern  Arizona;  The  Painted  Bocks  of  Ari- 
zona, 225-    Design  for  a  Modest  Frame  Cottage,  230. 
Map  of  Sonera.    Mexico,  and    Surrounding    Country. 
233-    Diagram  Showing  the  Location  of  some  oi  the 
Mines  of  Bur  Bug  District,  Arizona.  241. 
MECHANICAL.  PROGRESS- -Telegraphic  Mes- 
sages Through  Pneumatic  Tabes;  How  Millstones  are 
Made  of  Glai:  Experimenting;  Transmitting  Power  by 
Sharing;  A  New  Steam   Wagon;  Brakes  for  Freight 
Trains;  A  New  Plan  for  Grain  Elevators;  Iron-producing 
Countries  of  theW<-r:d.  227- 
SCIENTIFIC    PROGRESS.  —  The  Gymscope— A 
New  Law  of  Moti  n  *>;  An  Apparatus  to  Measure  the 
Variations  of  Daylight;  Straw  Dynamite;  The  Charms  of 
Natural  Science;  Nickel  Plating  Without  a  Battery, 
227. 
MINING  STOCK  MARKET.— Sales  at  the  Sin 
Francisco,  California  and  Pacific  Stock  Boards.     Notices 
of  Assessmsnts,  Meetings  and  Dividends,  228. 
NEWS  IN  BRIEF  on  page  229  and  other  pages. 
THE  ENGINBBB-— Some  Features  of  Ancient  En- 
gineering; The  Nicaragua  Isthmus  Canal.  230-L  From 
the  Bospborus  to  the  Euphrates;  Rocking  Piers  for 
Viaducts,  231. 
USEFUL.  INFORMATION.— New  Substitutes  for 
Gold    and    Silver— Aphthite    and    Sideraphtbite;   Toe 
Latest  New  Thing — R^nan^  Flour;  How  t*>  Bronze  Plas- 
ter Stanies;  Gilt  Lettering  on  Leather;  Lead  Alloys; 
P.-eservin?  Cements,  23L 
GOOD    HEALTH —Utilization    of    House    Wastes; 

Keep  Dwellings  Drv;  Conee  as  an  Invigorator.  23L 
MISCELLANEOUS— The  Genesis  of  Cinnabar  De- 
posits.— No.  2;  Relative  Economy  of  Gas  and  sl  -  -  .  - 
as  Sources  of  Light;  Immense  Glacial  Remains,  22S 
A  New  Process  f  .r  Treating  Pyrites  and  Copper  Sul- 
phurets;  Leadville;  Lime  for  Adobe  and  Gypsum  for 
Alkali;  A  Chear>  Frame  Oottasre.  230-  Sonora,  Mexico, 
233-4-  The  Power  of  Niagara;  Mining  Notes  from 
Siskiyou;  Bear's  Indicators;  Toe  Ship  of  the  Desert  out- 
done, ii34-  Tne  Flounders  of  oar  Markets. — No.  1; 
Saving  Flour  Gold;  Krupp's Electric  L-eht,  23o. 
MINING  SUiliLARY  from  the  different  counties  of 
California,  Nevada.  Arizona,  Colorado,  Idaho,  Montana, 
Oregon  and  Utah,  229-36. 

Business   Announcements. 

Submarine  Nail-Driver.  We  Stack,  Oakland,  CaL 
Reduction  Works  For  Sale,  Cnger  &  Mendheim,  S.  F. 
Delinquent  Sale — Caliiomia  and  Oregon  Land  Company. 


The  Week 

In  no  part  of  the  mining  world  are  prospects 
seemingly  so  doll  as  on  the  Comstock.  To  be 
sure,  all  interests  have  been  suffering  from  the 
influence  of  the  "hard  times;"  but,  now  that 
the  crisis  has  been  passed,  and  the  industrial 
world  generally  has  become  convalescent,  the 
Comstock  still  lags  behind,  with  no  immediate 
signs  of  recovery.  This  is  particularly  notice- 
able, in  that  the  Comstocks  have,  through  the 
Sutro  compromise,  an  advantage  of  1,600  feet  in 
favor  of  their  being  worked  successfully,  as 
against  the  condition  they  were  in  a  few  months 
ago.  It  is  hoped  and  expected  that  the  economy 
theory  now  being  pat  in  practice  will  aid  mate- 
rially in  awakening  them  from  their  lethargy. 
Something  certainly  must  be  done  soon,  or  the 
public  iu&erest  must  pass  from  them  to  Bodie 
and  other  outside  districts.  In  the  Satro  tunnel 
everything  is  in  a  state  of  excited  activity. 
There  are  now  four  hundred  and  fifty  men  at 
work,  and  more  are  being  added  daily.  It  now 
seems  as  if  the  necessary  additions  will  be  com- 
pleted easily  within  the  three  months  allowed 
by  the  contract,  and  that  the  pumping  out  of 
the  flooded  mines  may  begin  at  the  end  of  that 
time. 

Among  home  strikes,  rich  diggings  are  re- 
ported found  in  Placer  county,  in  the  Powell 
and  Sophia  gravel  mines.  The  old  Tybo  Con. 
has  struggled  to  its  feet  once  more,  again  paid 
off  its  creditors,  aid  again  started  up  for  itself — 
it  is  to  be  hoped  on  a  better  and  more  eco« 
nomical  basis  than  heretofore. 


In  all  that  pertains  to  the  Comstock  lode  the 
Gold  Hill  Sfews  may,  as  a  general  thing,  be 
accounted  a  good  authority.  As  the  friend  of 
the  laboring  classes  its  advice  is  also  apt  to  be 
sound  and  judicious.  But  when  it  counsels 
the  working  men  on  the  Comstock  who  are  out 
of  employment  to  engage  in  the  business  of 
prospecting  in  that  vicinity,  we  think  there 
may  be  detected  therein  a,  slight  departure 
from  the  usual  practice  of  that  paper.  We  do 
not  believe  that  these  men,  however  they  may 
be  out  of  employment,  should  be  encouraged  to 
further  spend  their  time  searching  for  ore  de- 
posits along  that  mineral- bearing  belt.  On  the 
contrary,  we  are  impressed  with  the  opinion 
that  this  class  has  done  too  mach  of  that  sort 
of  work  there  already.  The  development  of 
the  Comstock  lode  in  both  length  and  depth  is 
altogether  commendable.  It  is  a  mighty  met- 
alliferous channel  and  should  be  explored  with 
system  and  thoroughness  to  the  most  profound 
depths  attainable  by  human  ingenuity  and 
endurance.  But  no  part  of  this  work  should  be 
done  or  attempted  by  men  of  small  means, 
much  less  by  the  mere  day  laborer,  whose  little 
earnings  are  his  all. 

The  yews,  as  if  a  little  dubious  about  the 
soundness  of  this  advice,  remarks  in  an  apol- 
ogetic sort  of  way,  that  it  would  be  better  for 
these  men  to  so  employ  their  time  than  to  re- 
main idle  altogether.  As  between  these  hard 
alternatives  there  is  of  course  not  much  to 
choose,  though  we  incline  to  the  belief  that  the 
laboring  man  might  as  well  lay  off  and  take  it 
easy  as  to  waste  his  time  and  strengt  h  in  the 
useless  manner  by  the  Sews  suggested,  A 
better  way  than  either  would  be  for  him  to 
leave  the  Comstock,  where  labor  has  always  so 
accumulated  in  excess  of  demand,  and  repair  to 
some  other  part  of  the  country,  where,  if  em- 
ployment were  no  more  plentiful,  the  induce- 
ments to  prospect  for  mines  would  at  least  be 
better. 

Within  four  or  five  miles  of  Gold  Hill,  and 
within  the  limits  of  what  has  generally  been 
accounted  the  Comstock  ore  belt,  there  has  hi 
times  past  a  good  deal  of  this  sort  of  poor  man's 
prospecting  been  done.  If  we  were  to  estimate 
the  value  of  the  time  and  means  so  spent  at  ten 
or  twelve  million  dollars,  it  would  hardly  be 
excessive.  For  nearly  twenty  years  dow  this 
business  ha3  been  in  progress;  carried  on  at 
first  by  an  army  and  afterwards  by  many  hun- 
dred hopeful,  resolute,  hard-working  men;  for 
they  were  not  idlers,  inexperienced  or  empty 
handed,  tins  army  that  California  sent  over  to 
prospect  the  Comstock.  They  were  veterans 
from  her  gold  fields,  trained  to  the  business  and 
hardened  with  toil.  Inspired  with  expectation 
they  labored  diligently  and  welL  Shafts  were 
sunk,  tunnels  were  driven  and  deep  cuts  opened 
along  the  outcropping  veins  till  the  mountains 
from  Carson  to  Truckee  were  honeycombed 
with  these  excavations.  Disappointed  in  their 
reasonable  hopes  the  first  crop  of  prospectors 
retired  from  the  field  only  to  be  followed  by 
others  who  in  turn  gave  way,  the  crowd  of 
hardy  adventurers  having  come  on  in  endless 
succession.  And  what  has  been  their  reward  ? 
What  the  recompense  of  all  this  expenditure 
and  toil  ?  Will  the  local  press  over  there  point 
to  a  single  success  achieved  by  these  prospect- 
ors ?  Where  is  the  mine  they  have  opened  ? 
Where  the  ore  body,  the  first  element  of  a 
mine,  that  has  been  developed  by  these  myriads 
of  hard-working  men?  Or  if  they  have  ever 
found  anything  of  value,  what  chance  had  they 
to  retain  it  ?  If,  at  any  time  these  prospectors 
have  happened  to  strike  something  promising, 
has  it  not  been  claimed  and  eventually  taken 
from  them  by  the  older  and  more  powerful  com- 
panies pretending  to  hold  under  earlier  loca- 
tions, or  claiming  it  as  a  part  of  the  main  Com- 
stock ?  For  the  poor  man  to  prospect  on  that 
metalliferous  belt  or  near  it  is  but  an  idle  waste 
of  time,  the  chances  of  his  striking  anything 
worth  striving  for  being  altogether  desperate, 
while  if  he  happens  to  get  a  fair  showing  of  ore, 
the  deposit  will  most  likely  be  wrested  from 
him  under  one  pretext  or  another. 

Only  along  that  section  of  the  Comstock  com- 
mencing at  the  Overman  and  extending  thence 
north  for  a  couple  of  miles,  and  covering  a  lat- 
eral space  of  a  few  hundred  yards,  has  there 
ever  been  developed  any  mines  of  permanent 
value  in  that  entire  region  of  country,  except  it 
be  in  the  vicinity  of  the  Alta  and  Justice.  Our 
Gold  Hill  contemporary  refers  to  the  success 
that  has  attended  explorations  in  the  Flowery 
district,  and  in  the  direction  of  American  Flat 
as  encouraging  further  prospecting  in  those  out- 
side localities.  This,  we  take  it,  is  intended  as 
a  bit  of  irony,  seeing  that  none  but  the  most 
disastrous  results  have  attended  prospecting  in 
both  these  places.  Does  the  Seios  know  of  any 
mine  in  either  of  these  localities  or  of  any 
Washoe  mine  outside  of  the  strip  of  country 
above  mentioned,  that  is  paying  dividends,  or 
has  ever  paid  any,  or  even  expenses  ?  Does  it 
know  of  any  such  mine  that  has  ever  yielded 
any  considerable  quantity  of  ore  or  any  quantity 
at  all  for  more  than  a  short  time,  jast  long 
enough  to  have  betrayed  the  ill-fated  share- 
holders into  the  mistake  of  putting  up  hoisting 
and  reduction  works   prematurely?     We   have 


the     Comstock    be  S^  to  be  informed  of  the  fact  if  any  exists, 
has  existed  or  is  ever  likely  to  exist. 

Where  they  have  mines  on  the  Comstock  they 
are  mines  indeed.  The  worldhasyettoelsewhere 
see  their  like.  But  so  far  as  developments  have 
gone,  there  are  not  many  of  them.  Two  miles 
in  linear  and  half  a  mile  in  lateral  extent 
covers  the  whole  of  them.  Bat  they  have 
yielded  some  hundreds  of  millions  of  bul- 
lion, nevertheless.  And  their  history  is  a  grand 
one.  Their  record,  with  some  little  exception, 
is  one  that  meets  with  general  approval.  The 
energy  displayed  in  the  management  of  these 
mines  is  something  marvelous.  And  deeply  as 
they  have  been  explored,  they  still  call  for 
further  downward  development.  There  is  every 
reason  why  new  explorations  should  be  under- 
taken along  the  line  of  the  Comstock  lode,  both 
to  the  north  and  south  of  the  present  site  of 
active  operations.  It  might  possibly  be  the 
part  of  wisdom  to  more  thoroughly  prospect 
some  of  the  outlying  lateral  lodes.  But  this  is 
all  work  to  be  done  by  men  of  large  means  and 
not  any  of  it  by  those  dependent  on  their  daily 
earnings  for  subsistence. 

Matters  on  the  Comstock  seem  at  last  to  be 
getting  into  better  shape.  In  the  settlement  of 
the  leading  companies  with  the  Sutro  Tunnel 
corporation,  in  the  tendency  to  restrict  explora- 
tions to  a  few  favorable  points  and  push  them 
there  to  determinate  result,  and  in  the  efforts  to 
simplify  the  administration  of  affairs  generally, 
there  is  to  be  discerned  the  outlines  of  a  wiser 
policy  than  has  heretofore  prevailed,  and  one 
that  is  to  be  hoped  will  meet  with  early  adop- 
tion. 

As  regards  the  unemployed  laborers  on  the 
Comstock,  while  it  seems  pretty  clear  that  they 
should  waste  no  more  time  prospecting  in  that 
vicinity,  it  is  not  so  easy  to  point  out  exactly 
where  they  can  go  with  a  certainty  of  getting 
work  or  otherwise  bettering  their  condition. 
Southwestern  Nevada  would  seem  to  open  just 
now  a  pretty  good  field  for  prospectors.  The 
chances  for  getting  work  off  that  way  are  also 
tolerably  good,  many  new  mines  being  opened 
in  Bodie  and  the  adjacent  districts.  In  the 
course  of  a  couple  of  months  there  promises  to 
be  work  for  many  men  in  the  grain  fields  of 
California,  though  there  will  be  here  no  dearth 
of  hands,  while  the  wages  will  be  low.  and  it  is 
a  long  time  to  wait.  By  the  time,  however, 
that  the  crops  in  this  State  are  gathered,  those 
in  Nevada  will  be  ready  for  the  reapers,  so  that 
the  harvester  might,  by  making  the  round,  ex- 
tend the  working  season  over  several  months. 
Touching  the  business  of  wood  chopping,  char- 
coal burning  and  other  local  industries,  miners 
will  be  advised  as  to  the  openings  and  opportu- 
nities these  may  offer  in  their  respective  neigh- 
borhoods. 

The  Waterhouse  &  Brewer  Engine. 

We  saw,  this  week,  at  Thomson  &  Evan3' 
machine  shop,  112  Baale  street,  a  wonderfully 
simple  little  steam  engine,  which  was  built 
to  send  to  Sacramento.  The  engine  was 
invented  by  A.  G.  Waterhouse  of  Sacramento, 
the  patent  being  owned  by  the  inventor  and 
Dr.  B.  B.  Brewer  of  the  same  place.  The  en- 
gine has  no  screws,  eccentrics,  or  parts  to  get 
out  of  order  or  that  need  adjusting,  being  com- 
posed of  only  a  solid  pitman  and  piston,  and  a 
small  ring  dropped  into  an  open  cylinder. 
The  ring  acts  as  a  valve,  being  worked  by  the 
action  of  the  piston.  It  is  self-tightening,  need- 
ing no  adjustment,  and  controls  the  steam  so 
as  to  make  it  penorm  its  duty  without  leakage 
or  loss  of  power.  By  putting  two  of  these  en- 
gines together,  a  large  one  and  a  small  one,  the 
small  one  exhausts  into  the  large,  thus  using 
the  steam  over  twice  and  making  a  compound 
engine  of  it. 

If  desired,  either  engine  can  be  used  separ- 
ately, making  different  degrees  of  power. 
These  engines  require  only  a  small  part  of  the 
work  to  manufacture,  that  it  takes  to  make  an 
ordinary  engine,  nor  does  wear  impair  their 
working.  They  can  run  at  very  high  speed 
and  are  cheap  and  economicaL  Any  one  inter- 
ested in  such  articles  will  be  interested  in  ex- 
amining these  engines,  which  are  made  in  differ- 
ent sizes,  from  one*to  twenty-horse -power.  We 
saw  a  practical  engine  there  "weighing  only  half 

pound.  A  larger  one  weighed  only  45 
pounds  without  the  fly-wheel,  and  it  can  be 
used  single  or  compound.  The  simplicity  of 
the  engine  is  so  great  that  it  can  be  sold  at  a 
remarkably  low  price. 


1  no  knowledge  of  any  such  property,  and  would 


Flooding  the  Colorado  Desert 

General  Fremont,  now  Governor  of  Arizona, 
is  at  present  in  Washington,  whither  he  has 
gone  for  the  purpose  of  urging  upon  the  atten- 
tion of  Congress  and  the  General  Government, 
certain  enterprises  calculated  to  promote  the 
welfare  of  that  Territory  and  the  regions  adja- 
cent, and  also  to  enlist  capital  in  the  mining 
interests  of  the  country.  Among  other  project* 
of  this  kind,  is  one  designed  to  flood  the  Colo- 
rado desert,  and,  in  fact,  convert  ;t  into  a  great 
inland  sea,  by  opening  a  passage  from  the  Gulf 
of  California,  and  allowing  the  water  to  enter  and 
overflow  a  large  area  in  the  southeastern  cornet 
of  this  State,  and  we  presume  also  some  portions 
of  the  northern  part  of  Lower  California,  inas- 
much as  the  head  of  the  Gulf  lies  a  long  way  south 
of  the  line,  and  wholly  in  Mexican  territory.  The 
area  of  country  to  be  inundated  is  represented 
as  being  two  hundred  miles  long  and  fifty  miles 
wide,  this  new  body  of  water  to  have  an  ex- 
treme depth  of  three  hundred  feet 

That  this  project  is  not  only  feasible,  but 
easy  of  accomplishment,  admits  of  no  doubt,  the 
district  which  it  is  intended  to  submerge  lying 
below  the  level  of  the  Gulf,  from  which  it  is 
separated  by  only  some  slightly  elevated  ridges, 
said  to  be  depressed  in  places  almost  to  sea 
level.  The  question  is  not  bo  much  one  of 
financial  and  engineering  difficulty,  as  of  eco- 
nomical and  sanitary  considerations,  fears  hav- 
ing been  expressed  that  the  flooding  of  such  a 
shallow  basin,  with  its  marshy  borders,  would 
breed  enough  malaria  to  endanger  the  health 
of  the  regions  adjacent ;  the  query  also  being 
suggested,  whether  it  would  be  good  policy  to 
convert  this  district,  desert  as  it  is,  into  a  vast 
expanse  of  salt  water  merely  for  the  beneficial 
effects  it  would  be  likely  to  exert  on  the  climate 
of  the  surrounding  country  and  the  facilities  it 
would  afford  for  inland  navigation. 

That  the  presence  of  so  large  a  body  of  water 
would  tend  to  moderate  the  temperature  of  this, 
the  hottest  and  driest  section  of  California,  ad- 
mits of  no  doubt.  This  lake  would  also  open 
navigation  to  vessels  of  deeper  draft  than  can 
now  ascend  the  Colorado.  But  what  business 
would  there  be  for  vessels  on  a  lake  like  this, 
surrounded  by  sterile  regions,  destitute  alike 
of  agricultural  and  mineral  resources  ?  There 
are  mineral-bearing  lodes  far  to  the  north,  on 
both  the  California  and  Arizona  sides  of  the 
Colorado ;  bnt  none,  so  far  as  we  know,  within 
a  hundred  miles  or  more  of  the  site  of  this  pro- 
posed inland  sea.  Unlike  the  Mohave  desert, 
adjoining  it  on  the  north,  this  so-called  Colorado 
desert  produces  much  grass — so  much  in  fact, 
that  with  water  for  stock,  it  would  really 
be  a  valuable  grazing  district.  As  it  lies  so 
low,  a  great  deal  of  it  being  depressed  from  fifty 
to  three  hundred  feet  below  the  sea  level,  it  is 
probable  that  good  water  conld  be  obtained  by 
artesian  boring — very  likely,  merely  by  digging. 
What  little  water  there  13  near  the  surface  is 
generally  bad,  being  impregnated  with  alkaline, 
saline,  or  other  substances  of  an  injurious  kind. 
At  greater  depths,  it  would  no  doubt  be  more 
plentiful,  and  of  a  better  quality.  The  Railroad 
Company  have,  we  believe,  got  good  water  at 
several  points  on  this  desert  by  boring,  and 
that  without  going  to  very  great  depths. 

With  railroads  traversing  these  deserts,  such 
inland  navigation  as  a  lake  of  this  kind  would 
afford  becomes  of  less  importance;  provided, 
always,  there  were  any  local  carrying  of  conse- 
quence here  to  be  done;  which,  as  before  re- 
marked, there  is  not.  The  Southern  Pacific 
read  crosses  this  great  arid  basin  diagonally  and 
on  its  longest  axis,  affording  every  needed 
facility  for  supplying  it  with  goods  and  ship- 
ping its  scanty  exports.  Not  much  need  for 
steamers  circumnavigating  the  peninsula  to  per- 
form thi^  service. 

It  will  be  observed  that  this  plan  for  intro- 
ducing the  salt  water  of  the  Gulf  upon  these 
dry  lands  and  covering  them  up  altogether, 
forms  no  part  of  the  scheme  of  Dr.  Wozencraft, 
who,  on  the  contrary,  proposes  to  irrigate  them 
with  water  brought  in  from  the  Colorado  river, 
and  thereby  convert  them  into  a  great  tobacco, 
rice  and  cotton-producing  region;  an  enterprise 
quite  as  feasible  and  seemingly  more  desirable 
in  an  economical  point  of  view  than  this  more 
recent  and  novel  enterprise  of  the  "Great 
Pathfinder. " 


The  Golden  Gate  Sentinel  is  a  handsome, 
eight-page  paper,  published  in  Oakland,  semi- 
monthly, in  the  interest  of  the  Ancient  Order 
of  United  Workmen.  It  has  lately  been  de- 
cidedly improved  by  its  new  proprietors,  and 
deserves  to  be  extensively  patronized  by  the 
lodges  and  individual  members  of  the  "young 
giant"  Order  it  sensibly  and  faithfully  repre- 
sents. We  are  acquainted  with  its  condoctors 
— Messrs.  Glenn  and  Price — and  look  upoD  them 
as  men  worthy  of  success,  and  bound  to  achieve 
it  with  their  commendable  publication. 


Philadelphia  Exposition. — The  permanent 
exposition  in  Fairmount  park,  Philadelphia,  is 
still  maintained  as  a  monument  to  the  memory 
of  the  great  Centennial.  A  friend  in  Philadel- 
phia writes  that  it  is  proposed  to  enrich  the  dis- 
play in  a  number  of  directions,  and  suggests 
that  it  would  be  opportune  to  send  a  standing 
exhibit  of  California's  resources  and  productions. 
We  publish  the  suggestion  in  case  that  it  may 
reach  one  who  is  interested  in  showing  ud  out 
state.  As  a  rule,  our  State  i3  rather  off  on  the 
show  business.  It  seems  that  the  severe  exer- 
tions to  tackle  immigrants,  put  forth  four  or  five 
years  ago  had  tired  out  the  State,  and  it  will 
need  a  good  rest  before  it  buys  a  new  tent  and 
hand-organ.     This  is  not  because  there  is  any 


A  Haebok  of  Retcge. — Congress  having 
made  an  appropriation  for  a  harbor  of  refuge  on  :  jg^j  xo  show  than  there  was,  but  because  all  are 
the  Oregon  coast,  various  points  are  competing '  Bomewhat  disposed  to  let  foreigners  do  their 
for  the  Location,  Cape  Foul  weather,  the  mouth  own  view  hunting.  However,  if  anyone  has 
of  the  Cjlumbia,  and  JPort  Oxford  being  the  the  irapnlse  to  make  a  creditable  display  before 
most  prominent,  I  Eastern  eyes,by  all  means  let  them  do  it. 


\pril  12,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


233 


DOUBLE  SHEET— 24  PAGES. 


Sonora,  Mexico. 

i  Rich  Country  Whose  Trade  May  Be  Con- 
trolled by  San  Francisco.  A  Few  Facte 
Concerning1  Sonora  and  the  Proposed 
Sonora  Railway. 

Tho  attention  of  San  Francisco  merchants 
nd  capitalists  is  being  directed  more  strongly 
ear  by  year  to  the  importance  of  establishing 
oniincrci.il  intercourse  with  the  northern  and 
reatern  States  of  Mexico.  Tho  people  of  that 
sctioD,  particularly  of  Sonora,  where  they  are 
ir  removed  from  and  have  little  sympathy  with 
he  revolutionary  intrigues  of  the  national  cap- 
;al,  and  do  not  partake  bo  strongly  of  the 
ational  jealousy  of  the  "Gringos,"  are  becom- 
ig  eager  for  the  establishment  of  commercial 
stations  with  the  United  States,  as  they  realize 
bat  American  goods  for  which  they  have  use 
re  superior  to  those  of  English  or  German 
lanufacture.  Our  calicoes  aud  other  cotton 
tbrics,  our  agricultural  machinery, .  wagons, 
omestic  and  general  hardware,  cutlery,  etc., 
re  of  a  quality  so  much  better  adapted  to  their 
'ants  that  the  Mexican  people  will  not  buy  the 
lurupean  articles  offered  them  if  they  can  get 
lose  of  American  production.  This  is  a  con- 
ition  of  affairs  that  only  requires  fostering  to 
ear  abundant  fruits  to  American  enterprise. 
onora,  therefore,  is  ripe  for  an  interchange 
f  trade  with  California.  The  inauguration  of 
ipid  means  of  communication  and  ready  facil- 
ies  for  transportation  will  effect  this  object 
artainly  and  surely.     As  a  means  to  this   end 

The  Sonora  Railway 
.nd  telegraph  line,  projected  from  Guaymaa  to 
rnie  undetermined  point  on  the  southern  border 
f  Arizona,  will  be  a  most  important  factor. 
he  accompanying  outline  map  herewith  pre- 
Miti.nl  shows  the  location  of  the  principal  rivers 
ad  towns  of  the  section  of  country  through 
hich  the  surveyed  Hues  of  this  railway  pass. 
he  Mexican  government  has  manifested  its 
esire  to  encourage  an  enterprise  of  this  kind 
y  granting  to  several  individuals,  resident  in 
an  Francisco  and  Mexico,  a  concession  whose 
srms  are  exceedingly  liberal,  comprising  ex- 
nption  from  import  duties  and  State  and  gen- 
ral  taxes  for  a  term  of  years,  free  right  of  way, 
land  grant  of  some  22,000  acres  per  mile,  and 
ther  important  privileges.  The  road  will  be 
jmmenced  within  a  year,  and  will  doubtless 
mnect  with  the  American  system  of  railways 
;  more  than  one  point,  as,  in  addition  to  the 
tain  line,  as  laid  down  in  the  map,  a  branch 
ne  is  projected,  starting  a  short  distance  south 
f  the  Arizona  border  and  running  eastward 
.rough  Mexican  territory,  across  the  low  Sierra 
tadre  to  the  Rio  Grande  at  or  near  El  Paso, 
mnecting  with  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa 
e  railroad,  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  railway, 
le  Texas  &.  Pacific  railway,  or  some  other  of 
le  lines  stretching  out  toward  that  focal  point, 
he  line  at  present  under  consideration,  from 
uay mas  northward,  passes  through  the  heart 
t"  Sonora,  a  State  whose  mineral  and  agricul- 
iral  resources,  but  partially  developed,  are 
iperior  to  those  of  California,  with  a  climate 
E  great  salubrity  and  an  abundant  rainfall  to 
iature  at  least  one  crop  a  year,  without  irriga- 
on.  The  distance  from  Guaymas  to  the  border 
y  the  easternmost  of  the  three  surveyed  routes 
i  265  miles,  and  the  cost  for  a  broad  gauge  road 
i  estimated  at  but  three  and  a  half  million  dol- 
irs,  or  an  average  of  but  little  more  than  §13,000 
er  mile.  This  low  estimate  is  based  on  the  ex- 
iedingly  favorable  topography  of  the  country 
irough  which  it  passes,  the  cheapness  of  Mex- 
an  and  Indian  labor  available  (which  is  less 
ban  the  Chinese  labor  of  California),  the  low 
Mt  of  importing  material  under  the  exemption 
I  duties  granted  by  the  concession,  and  other 
ivorable  circumstances. 

Tbe  Harbor  of  Guaymas, 
The  terminal  point  for  the  railway  on  the 
mlf  of  California,  1,530  miles  by  water  from 
an  Francisco,  is  eminently  the  best  on  the 
restern  coast  of  Mexico,  being  much  superior 
o  either  San  Bias  or  Mazatlan,  and  because  of 
he  trade  winds,  particularly  desirable  as  a 
■ort  for  the  trades  of  the  East  Indies  and 
Jhina.  The  bay  consists  of  an  inner  and  outer 
ne,  in  all  four  or  five  miles  in  length,  almost 
ompletely  sheltered  from  the  winds  by  the 
•old  higbts  of  Pajaros  on  the  east  and  the  isl- 
nds  of  Terra  Firma,  San  Vicente  and  Petayas 
n  the  west,  leaving  the  channel  narrow  and 
.eep  between  them.  The  tides  are  irregular, 
•eing  governed  by  the  winds  of  the  Gulf,  sel- 
lom  rising  and  falling  more  than  four  or  five 
eet.  The  depth  of  water  is  from  two  fathoms 
.t  the  moat,  to  eight  fathoms  in  the  channel. 
Che  harbor  is  capable  of  giving  good  anchorage 
o  200  vessels.  The  town  of  Guaymas  contains 
ome  7,000  inhabitants,  and  has  an  active  trade, 
is  it  is  the  port  of  entry  for  nearly  the  whole 
State,  while  the  large  quantities  of  flour  and 
>ther  produce  of  the  interior  are  here  shipped  to 
>ther  ports  along  the  coast.  It  is  also  shut  in 
>y  high  hills  forming  the  fringe  of  the  interior 
)lateau  that  rises  up  from  the  coast  with  con- 
iderable  abruptness.  The  railway  can  sur- 
nount  this  coaBt  range  with  little  difficulty  and 
>nce  upon  the  plateau  the  profile  of  the  coun- 
iry  for  the  greater  portion  of  the  remaining  dis- 
;ance  is  that  of  an  absolute  plain,  with  scarce  a 
variation,  presenting  a  gradual  rise  of  from  10 
:o  60  feet  per  mile  to  the  summit  of  the  divid- 


ing range  uear  the   Arizona   border,  where  an 
elevation  of  about  4,300  feet  is  reached. 

Hermoelllo 
Is  100  miles  from  Guaymas,  on  tho  line  of  the 
proposed  railway,  aud  tho  most  cousnl. -ruble 
town  encountered  on  the  route.  It  is  situated 
on  the  Sonora  river,  at  a  point  where  th.it 
stream  cuts  through  a  bed  of  beautiful  white 
marble,  pure  enough  for  use  in  the  arts,  free 
from  blemish,  pure  in  color  and  susceptible  of 
high  polish.  Vet,  strange  to  say,  the  inhabit- 
ants of  the  city  have  been  content  to  construct 


lion  product  of  Sonora,  as  a  large  amount  is  ex- 
ported iu  the  form  of  bars  and  crude  ores,  and 
a  considerable  quantity  of  bullion  is  smuggled 
to  avoid  coinage  and  export  dues. 

Agricultural  Industry. 
All  up  and  down  the  Sonora  and  San  Miguel 
valleys,  where  water  can  be  obtained  for  irriga- 
tion, 1  urge  crops  of  wheat,  corn,  tobacco,  sugar 
and  cotton  are  raised.  The  yield  of  the  cereals 
is  enormous.  Wheat  produces  40  to  60  bushels 
to  one  bushel  sown.  The  rainy  season  sets  in 
early  in  June  and  continues  to  October,  though 


MAP    OF    SONORA,    MEXICO,   AND    SURROUNDING    COUNTRY. 


their  dwellings  of  adobes,  as  their  ancestors 
have  done  from  time  immemorial,  making  no 
use  of  the  marble  so  accessible  to  their  hands. 
Hermosillo  has  the  reputation  of  being  the 
most  handsome  city  in  Sonora.  It  is  embow- 
ered in  leafy  gardens  and  luxuriant  foliage, 
watered  by  canals  from  the  river.  It  contains 
an  estimated  population  of  12,000  inhabitants, 
with  empty  houses  for  as  many  more.  Its  de- 
population has  been  caused  by  reduction  of 
various  industries  to  the  north  from  Indian 
raids  and  by  internal  wars — the  universal  story 
in  Mexico.  It  contains  a  mint,  coining  more 
than  one  million  dollars  annually.  This,  how- 
ever, does  not  by  any  means  represent  the  bul- 


|  occasional  showers  fall  until  March.  Most  of 
the  wheat  raised  is  made  into  Hour  for  export. 
Six  flouring  mills  in  the  city  of  Hermosillo  pro- 
duce an  average  of  3,500  tons  of  flour  of  supe- 
rior quality  per  annum.  One  is  run  by  steam, 
one  by  horse-power,  and  the  rest  by  water. 
There  are  30  mills  of  like  capacity  in  the  imme- 
diate neighborhood  of  Hermosillo  engaged  in 
the  manufacture  of  flour.  The  wheat  is  washed 
in  vats  and  spread  upon  adobe  floors  to  dry 
prior  to  being  ground.  The  millstones  in  use 
have  heretofore  been  French  burrs,  but  a  supe- 
rior quality  of  millstone  material  has  been  dis- 
covered near  Guaymas,  which  is  coming  into 
general  favor.     With  the  opening  of  the  railway 


this  quarry  will   doubtless  yield  millstones  for 
export  to  California  aud  other  parts. 

Agriculture  has  made  wonderful  strides  in 
Sonora  in  the  last  few  years,  and  ou  many  of  the 
large  haciendas  the  equipment  of  farming  ma- 
chinery is  scarcely  interior  to  that  of  the  mam- 
moth ranches  of  California.  American  headers, 
gang-plows,  threshing  machines  and  wagons  have 
largely  taken  the  place  of  the  crude  implements 
of  former  times.  This  has  been  brought  about 
by  the  fact  that  the  wealthier  classes  have  in 
late  years  sent  their  sons  abroad  to  be  educated. 
The  young  men  are  now  taking  hold  and  intro- 
ducing the  progressive  ideas  which  they  have 
imbibed  from  association  with  more  enlightened 
nations.  Tho  influence  of  tho  rising  generation 
of  educated  men  on  the  affairs  of  State  give 
rise  for  strong  hopefulness  of   the   future  pros* 

fierity  of  Sonora,  and  the  adoption  of  a  more 
iberal  policy  of  commercial  association  with 
other  nations.  Indeed,  they  entertain  the  most 
exalted  idea  of  tho  capacity  of  Americans  and 
are  in  a  condition  to  receive  those  who  come 
among  them  with  capital  to  develop  their  re- 
sources with  unreserved  welcome  and  encour- 
agement. There  is  a  clan  in  political  circles 
that  even  favors  annexation  to  the  United 
States,  although  they  would  prefer  secession 
from  Mexico  and  absolute  independence.  The 
public  sentiment  of  that  section  may  be  set 
down,  however,  as  strongly  opposed  to  any  con- 
tinuance of  internal  strife.  As  a 
Grazing  Country, 
Sonora,  particularly  in  the  northern  part,  is 
destined  to  pre-eminence.  The  higher  lands, 
unfit  for  agricultural  use,  are  covered  with  a 
growth  of  nutritious  grasses,  adapted  to  sheep 
and  cattle  ranges.  There  are  three  varieties  of 
grasses  upon  the  lands;  the  mesquit  grass,  con- 
fined to  the  ranges  of  the  mesquit  timber;  the 
sacatom.  a  coarse  species  found  on  the  higher 
ranges,  and  the  grama,  occupying  the  plateaus 
and  less  elevated  bills.  The  latter  variety  has 
much  the  appearance  of  dry,  curled  whittlinga 
of  pine  wood,  is  very  nutritious  and  is  greedily 
eaten  by  animals.  Throughout  the  entire  year 
the  cattle  graze  upon  the  hills,  there  being  no 
need  to  preserve  the  grass. 

Timber 
Is  more  plentiful  in  northern  Sonora  than  in 
the  southern  part  of  the  State,  and  along  many 
of  the  streams  cottonwood,  ash,  black  walnut 
and  sycamore  abound.  On  the  bottom-lands 
are  dense  forests  of  mesquit,  a  species  of  acacia, 
yielding  a  fair  quality  of  gum  arabic,  and  grow- 
ing sometimes  to  a  diameter  of  three  feet.  It 
is  unequaled  for  fuel,  burning  long  and  fiercely 
with  an  intense  heat.  It  is  particularly  valuable 
for  charcoal. 

Anthracite  Coal. 
Sonora  possesses  a  vast  field  of  anthracite  coal 
— the  only  anthracite  yet  discovered  on  the 
Pacific  coast.  It  is  said  to  belong  to  a  very  old 
geological  formation,  probably  Silurian  or  De- 
vonian. The  only  outcrop  which  is  at  present 
worked  lies  about  120  miles  northeast  of  Guay- 
mas, and  a  branch  line  of  the  Sonora  railway  is 
contemplated  to  develop  it.  The  mine  is  a  few 
miles  north  of  the  flourishing  mining  towns  of 
La  Barranca  and  Los  Bronces,  each  supporting 
some  2,000  inhabitants.  The  coal  has  been  used 
for  two  years  for  steam  purposes  at  the  Bar- 
ranca quartz  mill.  The  engineer  in  charge  of 
the  mill,  who  has  had  a  long  experience  on  At- 
lantic steamers,  where  he  used  Pennsylvania 
anthracite,  believes  it  superior  to  the  latter,  the 
Sonora  coal  containing  less  ash  and  leaving  no 
clinkers  on  the  grate.  It  burns  with  the  short, 
blue  flame  of  carbonic  oxide,  which  is  charac- 
teristic of  all  anthracite  coai  There  are  three 
veins  of  the  coal,  one  of  which  is  seven  feet 
thick,  another  two  and  one-half  feet  aud  the 
third  of  unknown  thickness,  while  there  are 
indications  of  a  seam  lying  beneath  the  7-foot 
vein — the  one  now  worked — of  the  same  or 
greater  thickness.  Outcroppings  of  the  veins 
are  traced  for  many  miles.  The  aualvsis  of  this 
coal  as  compared  with  the  average  grade  of 
Pennsylvania  anthracite  is  as  follows: 

Sonora  Coal.  Pennsylvania  Coal. 

Fixed  Carbon 9J@96% 850^  (about 

Ash 3@4  % 10% 

Moisture 1@2  % *<&?>% 

Sulphur 0,0  % a  trace 

Bitumen 0.0  % atrace 

SpcciGc  gravity 1.77 1.60 

The  dip  of  the  discovery  is  26°  toward  the 
openiug,  rendering  the  mine  easy  of  drainage 
and  cheaply  worked.  The  length  of  the  branch 
from  the  main  line  at  Noria  del  Valle  (32  miles 
from  Guaymas)  necessary  to  reach  the  mine,  is 
98  miles.  It  is  estimated  that  after  the  con- 
struction of  the  road  the  coal  may  be  marketed 
in  San  Francisco  and  South  American  ports  at 
§8  to  §9  per  ton.  San  Francisco  consumes  600,- 
000  tons  of  all  coals  annually,  and  Mexican  and 
Central  and  South  American  ports  consume 
650, 000  tons,  for  steamship  purposes  alone. 
About  700,000  tons  of  this  is  of  foreign  importa- 
tion; its  value  is  $6.50  to  §10  per  ton.  Tho 
value  of  anthracite  coal  is  from  |l2  to  §15  per 
ton.  San  Francisco  consumes  about  22,000  tons 
of  anthracite  coal  annually  at  present  prices. 
The  opening  of  this  mine  and  its  introduction 
to  this  market  at  the  prices  estimated  would  be 
of  vast  importance  to  the  manufacturing  indus- 
tries of  this  city  and  the  interior.  Specimens 
of  the  coal  have  been  brought  to  San  Francisco 
and  exhibited,  exciting  the  admiration  of  all 
who  have  seen  it. 

The  Mines. 

Great  as  is  the  wealth  of  Sonora  in  agricul- 
tural and  pastoral  resources,  her  chief  glory  lies 
in  her  mines.  The  low  mountain  ranges  abound 
in  minerals,  but  the  mines  which  are  profitably 


234 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[April  12,  1879. 


worked  are  but  few  in  number  compared  with 
those  whose  wealth  has  been  explored  and 
definitely  known,  but  whose  development  has 
been  prevented  or  retarded  by  the  incursions  of 
the  murderous  Apaches  that  have,  until  a  few 
years  past,  infested  and  laid  waste  the  outlying 
districts. 

A  Romantic  History. 
It  is  not  the  purpose  of  this  general  article  on 
the  resources  of  this  little  known  country  to  de- 
scribe the  mines  of  Sonora,  but  there  attaches 
to  one  section  of  the  State  near  the  American 
border,  a  history  so  romantic  that  a  condensed 
account  of  it  must  prove  generally  interesting, 
particularly  as  it  is  the  only  portion  of  Mexico 
where  placers  of  silver  were  ever  known  to 
exist.  The  ( 'Planchas  de  Plata"  {literally, 
slabs  of  silver — enticing  name ! )  is  the  name  given 
to  a  locality  in  the  Arizona  mountains,  a  dozen 
miles  south  of  the  border,  75  miles  due  south  of 
Tucson  and  45  miles  due  north  of  Magdalena, 
where,  121  years  ago,  according  to  the  archives 
of  Spain  and  Mexico,  Spanish  explorers  dis- 
covered large  masses  of  pure  silver  on  the  sur- 
face of  the  ground,  and  at  a  depth  of  a  few  feet, 
in  the  form  of  slabs,  balls  and  grains,  some  of 
them  very  large— one  weighing  as  much  as  1*0 
arrobas  (3,500  pounds),  which  had  to  be  melted 
down  to  be  weighed  and  transported.  All  these 
discoveries  were  claimed  by  the  Crown,  and  no 
encouragement  being  given  to  miners  to  remain 
in  the  presence  of  hostile  Indians,  the  mines 
were  speedily  abandoned  and  the  records  locked 
up  by  the  Jesuit  Fathers,  so  that  they  could  not 
readily  be  traced. 

Later,  in  1817,  Don  Dionisio  Robles,  a  citizen 
of  Rayon,  with  a  large  force,  200  men,  pene- 
trated the  district,  found  what  they  believed  to 
be  the  old  placers  and  obtained  a  considerable 
quantity  of  silver  in  pure  masses.  The  Bon  was 
in  turn  compelled  by  the  Indians  to  abandon  his 
discoveries  after  a  stay  of  only  eight  days. 
About  the  year  1850,  in  an  expedition  made  by 
parties  from  Hermosillo,  a  large  lump  of  native 
silver  was  found,  which  was  carried  to  the  City 
of  Mexico  and  caused  considerable  excitement 
there.  About  this  time  also,  the  great  bankiog 
house  of  Jecker  Torre  &  Co.,  of  the  City  of 
Mexico,  obtained  from  the  Mexican  government 
a  grant  of  all  the  mines  in  the  Sierra  de  Arizona 
and  lands  for  the  purpose  of  colonization.  By 
their  orders,  and  at  their  expense,  an  expedi- 
tion was  organized  in  San  Francisco  in  1852, 
under  the  command  of  the  unfortunate  Count 
Gaston  Raousset  de  Bourbon,  of  400  thoroughly 
disciplined  men— old  French  soldiers.  They 
landed  at  Guaymas,  and,  after  considerable  de- 
lay there,  marched  to  Saric,  a  village  on  the 
north  branch  of  the  Magdalena  river,  near  the 
Planchas.  Here  they  remained  six  weeks,  but 
without  any  other  attempt  to  enter  the  district 
than  by  a  small  party  of  cavalry  under  com- 
mand of  Captain  Le  Noir,  which  was  absent 
three  days.  Owing  to  the  intrigues  of  the  rival 
house  of  Barron,  Forbes  &  Co.,  in  Mexico,  and 
the  jealousy  of  the  new  Governor,  every  ob- 
stacle was  put  in  the  way  of  Raousset  to  the 
accomplishment  of  the  object  of  his   expedition 

the  rediscovery   of  the   old  placers.     These 

intrigues  finally  ended  in  an  open  rupture,  upon 
which  Raousset  marched  to  Hermosillo,  where 
he  met  the  government  troops  and  defeated 
them  in  a  severe  engagement.  He  was  subse- 
quently taken  sick  (some  say  poisoned)  and  car- 
ried in  a  litter  to  Guaymas,  where  his  officers, 
nnder  an  arrangement  with  the  authorities,  re- 
embarked  their  men  for  San  Francisco. 

In  1854,  Raousset  organized  another  expedi- 
tion in  San  Francisco,  similar  to  the  first,  and 
landed  in  Guaymas.  Again  encountering  the 
opposition  of  the  authorities,  an  engagement 
ensued  in  which  he  was  defeated  and  taken 
prisoner,  tried  by  court  martial  and  shot. 

In  1870-71,  Gen.  Serna,  then  (Vice- Govern  or 
of  Sonora,  obtaining  some  particular  information 
regarding  this  district,  organized  another  ex- 
pedition to  discover  it.  The  hostile  Apaches, 
through  the  efforts  of  Gen.  Crook  in  Arizona 
and  the  Mexican  authorities  in  Sonora,  had  now 
been  subdued  and  removed  to  distant  reserva- 
tions. Gen.  Serna  had  no  difficulty  in  finding 
the  spot  from  which  these  large  masses  of  silver 
had  been  taken,  and  himself  found  a  lump 
weighing  45  pounds.  No  less  than  40  tons  of 
pure  silver  are  said  to  have  been  taken  out  of  this 
spot.  Under  his  protection  quite  a  number  of 
prospectors  and  miners  went  to  work  on  the  old, 
and  to  search  for  new  placers.  The  district 
prospected  by  them  seems  quite  small — not  over 
two  or  three  miles  square.  No  other  placer  was 
found,  but  in  the  veins  which  were  discovered 
and  opened  considerable  quantities  of  pure 
chlorides  of  silver  were  found.  A  few  feet 
below  the  surface  this  became  more  diffused, 
the  veins  widened,  and  though  apparently  filled 
with  good  ores,  no  native  silver  nor  rich  chlorides 
were  I'ound  in  sutficiunt  quantities  to  repay  the 
search.  As  these  men  were  unprepared  to  work 
ores  of  any  sort,  the  object  of  the  expedition 
bein<*  alone  for  native  or  placer  silver,  after  a 
few  mouths  the  place  was  again  abandoned,  one 
man  only  being  left,  who  kept  up  the  search  a 
few  months  longer,  meantime  sinking  a  shaft  on 
a  vein  which  he  called  the  "  Mejia,"  to  a  depth 
of  45  varas  (125  feet),  and  reducing  the  ores 
obtained  in  a  rude  way  in  arastras  to  obtain 
money  to  carry  on  the  search,  but  finding  no 
masses  of  pure  silver  as  expected,  and  encoun- 
tering more  water  than  his  rude  appliances  could 
handle,  he,  too,  gave  up. 

That  the  silver  in  its  pure  state  and  in  enor- 
mous masses,  was  actually  fouud  is  a  matter  too 
fully  established  by  history  and  official  records 
to  admit  of  a  doubt.  The  space  over  which 
they  were  discovered  did  not  exceed  300  feet 
square,  in  such  a  position  on  a  hillside  that  it  is 


quite  evident  the  slabs  must  have  fallen  or  been 
washed  from  the  outcrop  of  a  wide  ledge  that 
cuts  the  summit  of  the  hill  above,  designated 
on  the  accompanying  diagram  of  the  district  as 
"El  Arizona."  Some  residents  of  San  Fran- 
cisco, associated  with  citizens  of  Mexico,  have 
recently  come  in  possession  of  the  two  mines, 
"El  Arizona"  and  "Raousset,"  and  a  company 
has  been  organized  to  work  them. 

Description  of  the  Mines. 
The  rock  of  the  country  is  granite  and  por- 
phyry. This  is  generally  overlaid  with  a  por- 
phyritic  conglomerate  to  varying  depths  in  the 
summits  of  the  ridges.  The  general  direction 
of  all  the  veins  or  ledgeB  disclosed  is  nearly 
magnetic  northeast  and  southwest.  The  ore  of 
the  Raousset  seems  to  be  all  porphyrinic,  con- 
taining principally  bromides  and  chlorides  of 
silver,  without  gold  or  base  metals.  The  ore  is 
found  in  the  conglomerate  and  appears  to  be  in 
a  series  of  parallel  veins,  each  from  two  to  five 
feet  in  width,  lying  close  together  and  covering 
the  whole  surface  of  the  hill.  The  openings  are 
mostly  open  cuts  ;  seven  of  them  cover  a  length 
on  the  veins  of  250  feet  and  a  width  of  75  feet, 
their  greatest  depth  being  only  20  feet.  "El 
Hilo"  is  half  a  mile  south  and  at  an  elevation  of 
4,100  feet  above  tide.  The  ore  is  very  rich  in 
chlorides,  and  from  a  cut  30  feet  long,  two  feet 
wide,  and  four  or  five  feet  deep,  Gen.  Serna, 
in  1872,  is  said  to  have  taken  $12,000  from  the 
chloride  ores  and  50  pounds  of  silver  from  a 
single  lot  of  400  pounds  of  rock.  The  mine  is 
now  being  worked  by  Mexicans.  About  a  mile 
south  and  west  of  "El  Hilo"  is  the  shaft  of  the 
"  Mina  de  los  Pobres,"  which  a  few  months  ago 
was  reopened  from  the  old  workings,  and  is  being 
developed  by  a  party  of  Americans,  who  have 
sunk  a  shaft  to  a  depth  of  25  or  30  feet,  where 
it  shows  a  well-defined  vein,  enclosed  in  granite 
and  porphyry  walls,  having  a  seam  of  two  inches 
of  talc  in  the  hanging  wall.  The  vein  is  ex- 
posed by  prospect  holes  for  a  distance  of  half  a 
mile.  The  shaft  is  near  the  summit  of  a  high 
ridge,  4,400  feet  above  tide  and  200  feet  above 


district  will  be  made  to  yield  its  treasures,  and 
the  secrets  of  the  earth  be  unfolded  by  the  in- 
vincible spirit  and  enterprise  of  the  miner. 
A  Rival  for  San  Francisco. 
In  the  foregoing  we  have  shown  something  of 
the  possible  sources  of  a  lucrative  local  traffic  for 
the  contemplated  railway,  but  have  scarcely 
hinted  at  the  through  traffic  it  may  have  when 
joined  with  an  Eastern  trans- continental 
railway,  shortening  the  distance  across  the 
continent  more  than  a  thousand  miles,  and 
building  up  a  sea  port  on  the  Gulf,  that 
will  bid  strongly  with  San  Francisco  for  the 
trade  of  the  Indies. 


The  Power  of  Niagara  # 

Dr.  Siemens,  some  months  ago,  in  an  address 
which  he  then  gave,  referred  to  the  immense 
quantity  of  power  which  flows  ready  made 
over  the  Falls  of  Niagara.  In  his  Glasgow  ad- 
dress he  again  referred  to  the  subject,  in  order 
to  show  how  this  gigantic  source  of  power 
might  be  utilized  to  produce  action  at  a  dis- 
tance. ' '  When, "  he  says,  ' '  little  more  than  a 
twelvemonth  ago  I  visited  the  Falls  of  Niagara, 
I  was  particularly  struck  with  the  extraordi- 
nary amount  of  force  which  is  lost  as  far  as  the 
useful  purposes  of  man  are  concerned.  100,-. 
000,000  tons  of  water*  fall  there  every  hour 
from  a  vertical  hight  of  150  feet,  which  repre- 
sents an  aggregate  of  16,800,000  horse-power, 
producing,  as  the  effect,  no  other  results  than 
to  raise  the  temperature  of  the  water  at  the 
foot  of  the  fall 

250     1° 

— = — Fahr. 

772    5° 

In  order  to  produce  the  power  of  16,800,000 
horses;  or,  in  other  words,  to  pump  back  the 
water  from  below  to  above  the  fall,  would  re- 
quire an  annual  expenditure  of  not  less  than 
266,000,000  tons  of  coal,  calculated  at  an  aver- 


Mining  Notes  from  Siskiyou. 

Editors  Press: — On  the  15th  inst.  I  had  the 
pleasure  of  visiting  the  quartz  mine  of  H.  C. 
Cory  &  Sons.  I  found  two  of  them  at  the  mine, 
and  I  also  found  a  good  prospect  in  the  mine. 
At  the  surface  the  ledge  is  about  eight  inches. 
It  is  down  about  30  feet,  and  in  about  42  feet. 
It  is  over  three  feet,  honest  measurement  with 
tape,  for  I  held  both  ends  of  the  tape,  and 
know  whereof  I  speak.  They  have  about  15 
tons  of  rock  out,  and  all  through  this  rock  I 
saw  gold,  not  in  every  piece,  but  quite  often. 
The  rock  is  well  sprinkled,  to  say  the  least.  At 
first  the  rock  was  soft  and  easily  worked,  but 
now  it  is  hard  and  requires  blasting.  Mr.  Cory 
informed  me  that  he  will  commence  crushing  in 
May,  and  will  use  the  Hartstrand  mill.  He 
will  make  some  repairs  on  it,  however,  before 
making  the  run.  He  has  written  below  regard- 
ing the  best  methods  and  machinery  for  saving 
fine  gold.  I  expect  to  have  favorable  reports 
to  make  to  you  regarding  this  mine  in  the 
future.  The  other  mines  adjoining  his  are 
watching  and  waiting  the  results  of  this  run 
with  considerable  anxiety.  Even  the  rock  in 
which  we  can  see  no  gold,  prospects  well,  and 
there  is  no  doubt  but  that  the  mine  is  rich  and 
valuable,  if  it  only  holds  out;  present  indica- 
tions are  that  it  will  continue  to  improve.  We  I 
hope  so,  at  leaBt,  for  if  anyone  deserves  success 
it  is  Cory.  Of  the  French  Creek  mines,  more 
anon. 

I  hear  that  the  South  Fork  and  neighboring 
placer  mines  are  doing  well;  also  the  Quartz 
Valley  quartz  mines.  Roberts  cleaned  up  a  six 
weeks'  run  (piping)  on  Walsh's  placer  mine,  on 
French  creek,  with  fair  success,  and  intends 
making  another  run.  Nelson  is  opening  a  new 
mine  on  French  creek.  The  weather  is  stormy, 
roads  bad,  and  farmers  putting  in  their  crops. 

R.    D.    NUNNALLY. 

Etna,  Mar.  23d. 


PLANCHAS  -  DE    PLATA. 


the  gulch.  A  tunnel  is  being  driven  into 
the  hillside  145  feet  to  intersect  the  vein  55  feet 
below  the  bottom  of  the  shaft,  and  at  a  point 
30  or  40  feet  distant  from  it.  The  work  pro- 
gresses slowly  on  account  of  lack  of  funds. 
Some  samples  of  very  rich  ore  have  been  taken 
out  mostly  free-milling  chlorides.  Analyses 
of  five  samples  of  the  Raousset  ore,  picked  up 
at  random  from  waste  ore  at  the  dumps,  are  as 
follows:  $93,35,  $58.96,  $91.97,  $186.20,  $51.72 
per  ton.  From  a  prospect  hole  in  El  Arizona, 
near  the  placers,  a  piece  of  rock  assayed 
$82.49.  A  specimen  from  El  Hilo  shaft  assayed 
$279.03,  and  one  from  Mina  de  los  Pobres 
yielded  $119.85. 

The  district  lies  upon  a  series  of  high  ridges 
separated  by  small  gulches  which  converge 
toward  the  spot  occupied  by  the  hamlet,  lying 
between  Serna's  and  Borquez1  haciendas.  The 
summits  of  the  ridges  are  from  300  to  600  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  village.  The  sides  are 
generally  smooth  and  unbroken,  and  covered  with 
a  rich  growth  of  grama  grass,  affording  excellent 
Dastures,  and  dotted  with  trees,  black  oak,  of 
good  size.  Near  by,  the  higher  mountain  slopes 
are  covered  with  heavy  forests,  principally  oak, 
with  some  pines.  All  the  gulches  contain  small 
streams  of  running  water,  and  are  considered 
unfailing. 

Such  is  the  description  of  the  famous  Planchas 
de  Plata,  a  district  famous  in  the  past,  and 
destined  to  be  more  famous  in  the  future, 
though  let  us  hope  it  may  not  cost  the 
blood  and  treasure  to  garner  its  wealth  that  has 
been  expended  in  searching  for  it  in  the  years 
since  its  first  discovery.  The  tribulations  and 
trials  of  these  early  expeditions  are  interesting, 
and,  but  for  lack  of  space,  it  would  afford  us  plea- 
sure to  present  translations  of  the  quaint  old 
chronicles  descriptive  of  them.  "Los  Apos- 
tolicos  ofanes  de  la  Compania  de  Jesus"  des- 
cribes them  in  detail,  and  '  'Noticias  Estadisticas 
del  Estado  de  Sonora"  refers  to  them  at  length. 
The  Sonora  railway  will  greatly  aid  in  the 
development  of  the  "Planchas  de  Plata,"  as  it 
will  the  whole  of  southern  Arizona,  for  which  it 
will  afford  the  shortest  and  most  direct  route  to 
the  sea.     But  whether  that  be  built  or  not,   the 


age  consumption  of  four  pounds  of  coal  per 
horse-power  per  hour,  which  amount  is  equiva- 
lent to  the  total  coal  consumption  of  the  world. 

In  stating  these  facts  in  my  inaugural  ad- 
dress, on  assuming  the  Presidency  of  the  Iron 
and  Steel  Institute,  I  ventured  to  express  the 
opinion  that,  in  order  to  utilize  natural  forces 
of  this  description  at  distant  town  and  centers 
of  industry,  the  electric  conductor  might  be  re- 
sorted to.  This  view  was  at  that  time  unsup- 
ported by  experimental  data  such  as  I  have 
been  able  since  then  to  collect." 

Dr.  Siemens  then  shows  what  had  been  done 
in  conveying  the  electric  light  to  a  distance  ;  and 
he  states  that  "if  mechanical  force  is  required 
to  be  distributed,  the  arrangements  are  in  every 
respect  similar  to  those  for  the  distribution  of 
electric  light ;  and  it  has  been  proved  experi- 
mentally that  the  amount  of  power  recovered 
at  the  distant  station  is  nearly  equal  to  half 
the  power  employed  at  the  central  station." 
Even  as  regards  the  consumption  of  coal,  were 
that  article  used,  Dr.  Siemens  shows  that  the 
magneto -electric  machine  is  cheaper  than  the 
gas  or  steam  engine. 


Boring  the  month  of  February  the  gold 
mines  incorporated  in  San  Francisco  produced 
bullion  to  the  value  of  $265,300.  The  silver 
mines  of  Utah,  Nevada  and  Arizona,  to  the 
number  of  17,  produced  $535,000.  The  gold 
and  silver  mines,  California,  Con.  Virginia  and 
Ophir,  produced  $2S4,600  in  gold  and  $342,400 
in  silver;'  total,  $627,000.  The  base  metal 
mines,  during  February,  produced  $108,000 
gold,  $203,000  silver  and  $83,100  lead.  The 
total  bullion  product  of  32  mines  for  February 
was  $1,811,000.  The  product  of  2S  mines  in 
February,  187S,  was  $4,5S0,900.  The  90%  de- 
crease is  due  to  the  lessened  product  of  the 
California  and  Con.  Virginia.  — Salt  Lake  Tri- 
bune.  

To  Waterproof  Canvas. — The  Engineer 
gives  the  following:  Add  H  pints  of  water  to 
6  ounces  of  hard,  yellow  soap,  and  when  boiling 
add  5  pounds  of  ground  spruce  ochre,  h  pound 
patent  driers,  and  5  pounds  of  boiled  linseed  oil. 


Behr's  Indicators. 

The  trouble  in  indicators  has  been  to  get 
travel  enough  for  the  pointer,  so  as  to  enable 
the  engineer  to  land  his  cage  at  different  points 
in  the  shaft  by  the  indicator,  and  to  avoid  the 
use  of  tags  on  the  rope,  which  are  expensive  and 
unreliable.  The  indicator  invented  by  Hans 
Behr  is  intended  to  overcome  these  difficulties. 

It  consists  simply  of  two  revolving  drums, 
six  feet  long  and  four  feet  in  diameter — one  for 
each  reel — placed  in  such  a  position  as  to  be  in 
full  view  of  the  engineer  and  brakemen,  to 
which  is  attached  a  spiral,  placed  on  a  pitch  of 
four  inches.  These  drums  revolve  with  and  are 
driven  by  the  reels,  and  are  so  geared  that  the 
drums  make  25  revolutions  for  3,000  feet  of 
rope.  The  pointers  are  attached  to  and  driven 
by  side  screws  in  such  a  manner  that,  as  the 
drums  revolve,  the  pointers  move  up  and  down 
and  always  point  to  some  portion  of  the  spiral 
on  the  drums.  Stationary  points  are  attached 
to  the  spiral  at  such  places  as  will  correspond 
to  the  stations  in  the  shaft. 

The  effect  is  that  each  foot  in  the  shaft  is 
represented  by  one  inch  on  the  indicator,  which 
gives  sufficient  movement  to  enable  the  engineer 
td  land  his  cages  accurately,  even  to  the  inch 
where  wanted. 

In  designing  that  king  of  hoisting  engines 
just  placed  at  the  North  Con.  shaft,  Mr.  Pat- 
ton  thought  these  indicators  of  such  importance 
that  he  adopted  them  and  they  are  in  place  on 
the  engine.  They  have  been  adopted  also  for 
the  engines  at  the  C.  &  0.  shaft,  where  they 
are  soon  to  be  placed.  This  is  sufficient  to  in- 
sure their  general  use  on  the  Comstock  ere  long. 
— Gold  Hill  News. 


The  Ship  of  the  Desert  Outdone. 

A  report,  says  the  Visalia  Delta,  comes  from 
the  Sierra  Nevada  mountains  of  the  discovery 
of  the  timbers  of  a  stranded  vessel,  resembling 
those  of  a  Chinese  junk,  high  up  in  the  moun- 
tains, between  Mineral  King  and  the  head- 
waters of  Kings  river.  The  sound  portions  of 
the  timber  resemble  camphor  wood,  and  it  is 
said,  still  retain  a  faint  smell.  The  fastenings 
are  of  copper;  the  rigging,  etc.,  are,  of  course, 
all  gone.  A  number  of  bones,  supposed  to  be 
human,  were  also  found  in  the  vicinity,  and 
upon  the  adjacent  slopes  there  is  abundant 
evidence  of  the  previous  occupation  of  the 
waters,  in  the  shape  of  shells,  as  well  as  the 
occasional  finding  of  petrified  fish.  That  this 
valley  has  at  one  time  been  an  inland  sea  is 
admitted  by  geologists,  but  that  these  waters 
were  navigated  by  Celestial  seamen  one  or  two 
thousand  years  ago  has  never  been  claimed, 
even  by  the  Chinese  themselves.  But  these 
same  people  do  claim  to  have  been  the  original 
discoverers  of  this  country,  and  this  find  seems 
to  give  color  to  the  claim.  It  has  also  been 
claimed  by  them  that  vessels  of  theirs  have 
been  wrecked  on  this  coast,  and  that  portions 
of  the  crew  have  returned  to  China;  but  that 
the  wreck  itself  should  be  located,  and  that  this 
location  should  prove  to  be  in  Tulare  county,  is 
surely  an  interesting  fact,  inviting  the  inspec- 
tion of  the  curious  and  the  solution  of  the 
scientific. 

How  to  Make  an  Emery  Wheel. — Take  a 
smoothly-turned  wooden  wheel,  and  cover  the 
same  with  leather,  devoid  of  grease,  and  coat 
the  leather  surface,  a  portion  at  a  time,  with 
good  glue;  immediately  roll  the  glued  surface  in 
emery  spread  out  on  a  board. 


April  12,  1879.1 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS 


235 


The  Flounders  of  our  Markets.— No.  1. 

[Bead  by  W.  N    Lockixotos  before  the  San  Fnuiciico 
Academy  o(  Science*,  March  17th,  1870  ) 

No  tribe  of  fishes  is  probably  so  well  known 
to  that  large  class  of  naturalists  whose  love  of 
nature  takes  a  practical  turn,  who  like  best 
those  creatures  which  taste  best  when  boiled  or 
fried,  as  the  flounders,  tlattishes,  or  uleuronec. 
tide.  Apart  from  their  attractiveness  to  the 
tense  of  taste,  they  have  one  peculiarity  which 
challenges  the  attention  of  the  most  uninterested 
observer  of  the  world's  living  wonders — they 
have  both  their  eyes  placed  ou  the  same  side  of 
the  head.  If  a  little  more  attention  be  paid  to 
this  obvious  feature,  it  will  be  foaud  to  be  even 
a  greater  peculiarity  than  was  at  tirst  supposed. 
The  flounders  are  not  the  only  fishes  which  have 
their  eyes  on  the  same  side  of  the  body  ;  the 
skates,  rays,  torpedoes,  aud  their  relations  are 
in  this  respect  very  similar.  Where,  then,  lies 
the  great  difference  between  these  two  classes, 
for  no  one  would  confound  the  two,  even  at  the 
first  glance  ? 

Simply  in  this,  that  the  skate  and   ray  tribe 
are   flattened    downwards,    the   side   which   is 
uppermost   is  the   proper  upper  side,  and   the 
eyes  are  placed  in  their  usual  position  with  re- 
gard to  the  other  parts   of   the   head  ;  whereas 
in  the  flat-fishes   the  body  is  flattened  out  side- 
ways, the  fish  swims  on  one  of  its  sides  instead 
of  on  the  proper  under  surface ;   and   the   eye, 
which  of  right   belongs   to   the   Bide  which   is 
beneath,  has  twisted  round  out  of  its  place,  and 
ie  situated  on  the   same  side  with   the   other, 
unsyminetrically  with   the   other   parts  of   the 
head.     Of  course  this  is  not  the  only  difference 
between  the  skates  and  the  flounders;  there  are 
far  more  important  anatomical   differences,  but 
it  is  one  of  the  most  obvious   outward   distinc- 
tions between  two  tribes  which,  though  widely 
separated  in  other  respects,  resemble  each  other 
in  having  the  eyes  so  placed  as  to  look  upwards, 
in  their  thin  flat  bodies,  colored  upon  the  upper 
side   only  or  principally,  and   in   their  habit  of 
residing  at  the  bottom  of  the  sea,  their  uncolored 
surface  resting  on  the  bottom.     Again,  the  flat- 
fishes are  not  the  only  fishes  which   have  a  very 
wide   body,  flattened   laterally  ;  the   suntish  is 
also  very  deep  from  dorsal  to  anal,  and  some  of 
the   mackerel   tribe   are  even  more  excessively 
compressed  ;  but   these   and  all  other  laterally 
compressed   fisheB,  except  the  flat-fishes,  swim 
in  the  usual  manner,  dorsal  fin  uppermost,  and 
the  eyes  are  in  the  usual   position,  one  on  each 
side.     It  will   be   readily  understood   that   the 
two  eyes  cannot  be  brought  round  to  one  cheek 
without  great  distortion  of  the   bones  of  the 
skull  ;  many  of  the   bones  on  the   colored   side 
are   cramped  in    their  development,   squeezed 
into  a  narrow  space,  out  of   the  way  of  the  en- 
croaching eye  ;  while  some  of  the  bones  of  the 
blind  Bide  are  correspondingly  enlarged,  filling 
up,  by  their  lateral  extension,  the  place  where,  bo 
to^peak,  the  eye  ought  to  be.    Now,  a  distortion 
of  this  importance,  if  it  occurred  in  any  other 
kind  of  animal,  and  were   not  of  universal  oc- 
currence in  the  whole  tribe,  would  be  considered 
a  monstrosity  ;   and   it   became  an   interesting 
question  to  ascertain  at  what  point  in  the  life- 
history  of  these  fishes  the  distortion  commenced. 
Surely  so  very  important  and  radical  a  modifica- 
tion of  the  skull   and   bones  of  the   head  must 
commence   at  the  very  first   commencement  of 
the   formation  of  the   fish   before  it  is  hatched 
from  the  ovium  ?    But  it  has  lately  been  conclu- 
sively proved    that  this  is  not  the  case.     Prof. 
Alex.  Agassiz  has  watched  the  development  of 
young  flounders,  and  has  proved  that  when  first 
hatched,  they  resemble  other  fishes  in  the  posi- 
tion of  the  eyes  and   the   symmetrical  form   of 
the  head  ;  and  that  the  distortion  is  the  result 
of  habit,  which  habit  again  increases  the  dis- 
tortion, precisely  as  claimed  by  the  advocates  of 
what  is  usually  called  "  evolution."     That  is  to 
say,  the   young   fishes   seek  the  bottom  of  the 
water,  yet  strive  to  use  the  lower  eye.     By  the 
continued   effort  to  use  this,  the  soft  structure 
of  the  head  is  affected,  and  an  oblique  upward 
view  ia  gained.     This  renders  the  flan  leas  fitted 
thau  before  for  locomotion  in  the  uaual  manner, 
and   more  adapted  for  keeping  at  the   bottom, 
which  it  accordingly  does,  with  the  result  that 
the  eye  becomea  more  and  more  twiated,  till  at 
last  it  has  passed  clear  over  the  dorsal  ridge  of 
the   animal,  and   makes   its  appearance  on  the 
same   side  with  the  other  eye.     This   side  is  in 
some  species  the  right,  while  in  others  it  is  the 
left  side.    All  this  takes  place  while  the  creature 
is  young,  and  before  the  bones  are  hardened. 

But  it  must  be  remembered  that  the  bones 
of  fishea  are,  as  a  whole,  much  softer  than 
those  of  reptiles,  birds,  or  mammals,  and  there- 
fore much  more  capable  of  yielding  to  impres- 
sions from  the  outside  without  the  destruction 
of  the  life  of  the  organism.  From  a  cavity 
among  the  roots  of  a  tree,  in  a  pond,  a  tench 
haB  been  taken,  which  was  fitted  exactly  to  the 
shape  of  its  residence.  It  had  gone  in  when 
young  and  small,  and  stayed  till  it  was  too  large 
to  go  out.  The  Chinese,  by  feeding  goldfishes 
in  small  jars,  produce  most  singular  distortions 
of  mouth,  eyes,  and  form  of  body.  When  a 
young  fish,  whose  habit  ia  to  feed  by  pursuing 
and  catching  ita  prey  in  a  horizontal  direction, 
is  confined  in  a  small  space  and  systematically 
fed  from  above,  the  direction  of  the  gape  of  the 
mouth  becomea  changed  by  the  constant  effort 
to  reach  its  food.  But  this  is  not  the  place  to 
bring  together  some  of  those  endless  facts  of 


nature,  which,  drawn  from  plant  and  animal 
alike,  from  tile  humble  mold,  from  the  coral, 
the  shell-fish,  the  insect,  the  fish,  the  bird,  the 
mammal,  aye,  and  from  the  history*  of  our  owd 
race,  and  the  individual  history  of  our  own  lively 
go  to  prove  that  all  the  varied  forms  of  plants 
and  animals,  with  all  their  varied  qualities,  ten- 
dencies and  dispositions,  are  but  the  result  of 
the  interaction  between  the  properties  of  the 
materials  of  which  we  are  composed  and  the 
forces  which  act  upon  them  from  the  outside; 
or,  in  other  words,  of  a  constant  struggle  be- 
tween the  organism  and  its  environment,  in 
winch  the  former  either  adapts  itself  to  tin-  lat- 
ter, and  thus  changes  when  the  latter  changes, 
or  else  perishes  through  its  waut  of  plasticity. 

To  return  to  our  flounders.  Seventeen  or 
eighteen  kinds  are  now  known  from  the  coast  of 
California  and  northwards,  and  of  these  I  have 
found  twelve  in  the  markets  of  this  city.  Of 
these  twelve,  three  have  their  eyes  aud  color 
upon  the  left  side,  but  all  the  others  are  dex- 
tral,  that  is,  have  their  eyes  on  the  right  side, 
and  the  color,  as  is  always  the  case,  on  the  same 
side  with  the  eyes.  Three  of  these  kinds  are 
not  sufficiently  common  to  be  of  much  import- 
ance as  articles  of  food,  but  all  the  others  are 
more  or  less  abundant.  Of  their  comparative 
delicacy  or  flavor  I  am  not  prepared  to  speak  ; 
in  fact,  this  is  just  the  point  upon  which  I  seek 
information  ;  but  it  may  be  as  well  to  remark 
that  no  real  "sole"  is  found  here,  although  cer- 
tain species  are  sold  under  that  name.  Neither 
can  I  say  much  respecting  the  distribution  of 
any  of  the  species  northwards  and  southwards 
from  this  point,  some,  as  I  know,  from  those 
who  have  previously  written  on  the  subject, 
occur  in  Humboldt  bay,  Vancouver's  island, 
Alaska,  and  eveu  Kamtschatka,  but  of  others 
all  I  know,  in  some  cases  all  that  is  known  (for 
two  of  the  species  I  enumerate  have  not  been 
noticed  before),  is  that  they  are  found  within 
the  range  of  the  fishing  vessels  which  go  out 
from  this  bay,  a  range  probably  limited  to  To- 
inales  and  Bodega  bays  to  the  north;  the  Faral- 
lone  islands  on  the  west,  and  the  bay  of  Mon- 
terey on  the  south.  Most  of  those  which  come 
from  deep  water  are  from  near  the  Farallones. 
Neither  can  I  tell  what  is  the  favorite  food  of 
each  species.  A  much  more  extended  series  of 
observations,  carried  on  by  the  examination  of 
the  stomachs  of  fresh  specimens,  and  by  keep- 
ing them  alive  in  aquaria,  will  be  necessary 
before  this  can  be  ascertained.  In  the  stomachs 
of  two  individuals  belonging  to  two  nearly  re- 
lated species,  I  found  the  half-digested  remains 
of  three  anchovies  {Engraulis  ringenx),  and  in 
one  of  them  a  small  species  of  shrimp-like  crus- 
tacean {Hippolyte  genus). 

The  principal  enemies  of  the  flat-fishes  are,  I 
believe,  the  ray  tribe.  As  the  former  are  special- 
ized to  reside  at  the  bottom  of  the  water,  there 
seeking  their  food,  and,  by  covering  themselves 
with  stones  or  mud,  avoiding  the  attacks  of 
many  predatory  fishes;  bo  the  rays,  on  their 
part,  have  become  specialized  to  reside  princi- 
pally at  the  bottom,  and  to  keep  down  the  in- 
crease of  the  flounders.  And  what  chance  can 
a  flat-fish,  large  and  strong  though  it  may  be, 
have  to  escape  from  the  pursuing  skate  or  sting- 
ray ?  The  former,  with  but  a  small  pectoral  fin 
on  its  colored  side,  while  that  of  the  blind  side 
has  become  partially  atrophied  by  disuae,  and 
with  ventrala  of  minute  proportions,  can  at  beat 
but  flounder  along  the  bottom,  or,  with  a  sudden 
effort,  for  a  moment  attain  the  perpendicular 
position  natural  to  most  fishes,  and  then  again 
ainkdownin  the  mud;  while  the  latter,  equipped 
with  a  huge  pair  of  pectoral  fins,  exceeding  the 
body  in  size,  and  able  to  move  along  the  bottom 
or  rise  at  pleasure  to  any  desirable  hight,  flaps 
along  like  a  huge  butterfly ;  a  butterfly,  how- 
ever, that  hides  beneath  its  expanse  of  wing  a 
deadly  array  of  teeth. 

Not  long  ago,  in  some  popular  account  of 
fishes  and  their  habits,  I  read  that  fishes  were 
usually  quiet  and  gentle,  that  their  very  appear- 
ance indicated  gentleness.  Nothing  can  be 
farther  from  the  truth.  Few  fishes  are  herb- 
ivorous ;  by  far  the  larger  part  live  upon  other 
fishes,  the  spawn  of  fishes,  or  the  more  lowly 
inhabitants  of  the  waters,  many  of  them  not 
sparing  the  eggs  or  the  young  of  their  own 
species. 

Hippoglossoides  melanostictus ;  Psettichthys  me- 
lanostictus,\Gira.Td. — As  most  of  the  fishermen 
and  fishmongers  of  San  Francisco  and  its  neigh- 
borhood are  Europeans,  principally  Italiana  and 
Mediterranean  peoples,  with  a  sprinkling  of 
English  and  New  Englanders,  they  have  given 
to  such  fishes  as  they  have  thought  worthy  of  a 
vernacular  title,  names  which  properly  belong 
to  species  found  in  the  Mediterranean  and  At- 
lantic, and  frequently  but  distantly  related  to 
their  Pacific  namesakes.  I  pursuance  of  this 
rule,  the  name  "sole"  is  applied  to  at  least 
four  species  brought  to  the  markets  of  San 
Francisco,  two  of  them  {Psettichthys  melanostic- 
tus and  Hippoglossoides  Jordani)  sufficiently 
common,  while  the  third  (Lepidopsetta  bilineata) 
is  somewhat  rare.  The  first  of  these  is  the  moat 
common  and  the  best  known.  It  does  not  ap- 
pear, so  far  as  I  have  been  able  to  ascertain,  to 
be  caught  within  the  Bay  of  San  Francisco, 
but  is  taken  outside  the  Heads  and  at  the  Far- 
allone  islands.  The  greater  number  of  the  ex- 
amples I  have  seen  are  about  10  inches  in 
length,  but  some  attain  a  length  of  18  inches 
or  even  more.  This  species  may  be  readily  dis- 
tinguished from  all  the  other  flat-fishes  found 
in  our  markets  by  the  greater  breadth  of  the 
space  between  the  eye,  which,  in  adults  of  11J 
inches  in  length,  exceeds  the  half  of  the  trans- 
verse diameter  of  the  eye;  by  the  form  of  the 
dorsal  fin,  the  first  rays  of  which,  situated  on 
the  top  of  the  head,  are  higher  than  those  im- 


mediately succeeding  them;  and  by  the  dark 
gray  color,  produced  by  black  spots,  just  large 
enough  to  be  recognized  aa  such  by  the  naked 
eye,  upon  a  ground  of  a  lighter  tint.  These 
black  spots  are  not  conspicuous  in  individuals 
just  taken  from  the  water,  which  are  of  a  more 
uniform  and  far  lighter  color,  but  become  so 
after  a  few  hours  ciposure  to  the  air.  The  in- 
terorbital  space  varies  in  width,  apparently  in- 
creasing  with  age,  since  in  a  specimen  "A  inches 
long  it  measured  only  oue-third  of  the  trans- 
verse diameter  of  the  eye,  aud  in  smaller  indi- 
viduals is  of  still  narrower  proportions. 

The  number  of  rays  in  the  dorsal  and  anal 
fins  ib  also,  as  is  not  unusual  among  long-finned 
fishes,  subject  to  considerable  variation.  Girard 
gives  the  formula  of  these  fins  as,  "  D.  78,  A. 
80;"  while  in  an  individual  10J  inches  long  I 
counted  S3  dorsal  and  GO  anal  rayB,  and  another 
6h  inches  long,  had  81  dorsal  and  61  or  G2  anal 
rays. 

The  proportions  cf  the  body  are  also  somewhat 
variable.  A  specimen  H',f  inches  in  total  length, 
measured  four  inches  in  breadth,  but  most  are 
of  most  slender  proportions. 

In  the  Btomach  of  a  specimen  7£  inches  long, 
were  the  half-digested  reinaiuBof  two  anchovies 
(Engra  u/ts  ringens). 

For  this  species  and  another  {Citharichthys 
BOrdidus)  which  is  really  widely  different,  as 
the  eyes  and  color  are  ou  the  left  side,  and  the 
ventral  fiu  of  the  colored  side  is  placed  upon 
the  ridge  of  the  abdomen.  Girard  instituted 
the  genus  Psettichthys,  but  after  the  separation 
of  Citharichthys  sordidus  from  it,  the  only  char- 
acters left  to  distinguish  Psettichthys  from  the 
older  genus  Hippoglossoides,  were  smooth  scales, 
and  the  more  anterior  commencement  of  the 
dorsal  fiu.  An  examination  of  specimens  larger 
than  that  from  which  Girard ,  describes  his 
species  (4£  inches  long)  proves  that  the  scales 
are  not  smooth,  but  ciliated,  or  set  on  the 
hinder  edge  with  flexible  spinules;  so  that  this 
character  dissappears,  and  as  the  very  slight 
difference  in  the  point  of  origin  of  the  dorsal  is 
certainly  quite  insufficient  to  be  reckoued  of 
generic  value,  I  have  relegated  it  to  Hippoglos- 
aoides,  a  second  species  of  which  genus  is  also 
found  in  our  waters. 

Hippoglossoides  Jordani,  nov.  sp. — Thisspecies 
is  tolerably  common  in  the  markets  of  San 
Francisco,  but  appears  to  have  hitherto  escaped 
description,  probably  on  account  of  its  consid- 
able  external  resemblance  to  Psettichthys  melan- 
oitictus,  Girard;  from  which,  however,  it  may 
be  readily  distinguished  by  the  form  of  the  dor- 
sal tin,  which  increases  toward  the  center,  in- 
stead of  commencing  with  rays  higher  than 
those  immediately  succeeding  them  (as  is  the 
case  in  the  latter  species)  by  the  narrower  inter- 
orbital  apace;  and,  still  more  readily,  by  the 
color,  which  is  more  uniform  and  lighter,  the 
black  points  upon  the  scales,  which  are  con- 
spicuous to  the  naked  eye  in  P.  melanostictus, 
not  being  evident  unless  viewed  with  a  lens.  In 
large  specimens  the  head  has  a  reddish  tinge. 
The  largest  I  have  yet  seen  measured  16  inches 
in  length.  In  common  with  P.  melanostictus, 
this  species  bears  in  the  markets  the  name  of 
"sole,"  and  the  fishmongers,  who  readily  dis- 
tinguish from  each  other  most  of  the  species  of 
flat-fishes,  do  not  appear  to  be  able  to  discrim- 
inate between  these.  So  far  as  I  have  been 
able  to  learn,  it  is  taken  outside  of  the  bay,  in 
the  same  localities  with  Pi  melanostictus. 

In  form  of  body,  size,  structure  of  the  mouth, 
scales  and  lateral  line,  this  species  resembles 
the  species  previously  mentioned;  the  distinc- 
tion between  them  are  certainly  only  of  specific 
value,  yet  they  are  perfectly  constant,  and  a 
glance  at  the  origin  of  the  dorsal  tin  is  ■  alone 
sufficient  to  determine  to  which  species  an  in- 
dividual belongs.  I  have  written  a  technical 
description  of  this  fish  for  publication  in  the 
Proc.  Phil.  Acad.  Nat.  Sciences,  and  have  taken 
the  liberty  to  name  it  after  the  distinguished 
ichthyologist,  Prof.  D.  S.  Jordan,  who  has  done 
more  than  any  other  American  to  increase  our 
knowledge  of  the  fresh-water  fishes  of  the 
United  States,  and  who  is  at  present  engaged 
in  preparing  an  ichthyology  of  the  United 
Statea,  which  will  include  the  fishes  of  the 
Pacific  coast. 

Uropsetta  Calif ornica,  Jordan;  Hippoglossus 
Californicus,  Ayres. — This  species  is  not  taken 
in  the  Bay  of  San  Francisco,  and  is  not  by  any 
means  so  common  in  the  markets  as  Psettichthys 
melanostictus,  Citharichthys  sordidus  or  Platich- 
thys  stellatus.  It  may  be  readily  distinguished 
from  all  our  other  Pleuronectida  by  the  bold, 
abrupt  arch  made  by  the  lateral  line  above  the 
pectoral  tin;  by  the  presence  of  the  eyes  and 
color  upon  the  left  side;  by  its  elongated, 
regularly  ovate  form;  and  by  the  shortness 
of  the  head.  It  is  said  to  become  more 
abundant  to  the  south  of  San  Francisco. 
This  species  was  first  described  by  Dr. 
Ayres  under  the  name  of  Hippoglossus  Cali- 
fornicus, or  the  Californian  halibut,  that  in- 
dustrious ichthyologist  being  of  the  opinion  that 
it  was  congeneric  with  the  true  halibut  {Hip- 
poglossus vulgaris).  Its  affinities  to  that  well- 
known  species  are  recognized  by  the  fishermen, 
who  call  it  the  Bastard  or  Monterey  Halibut;  but 
state  that,  compared  with  the  true  halibut, 
it  is  a  tough,  coarse  fish.  It  is  the  largest  of 
the  flat-fishes  of  our  waters,  attaining  a  weight 
of  from  50  to  60  pounds;  the  two  largest  I 
have  yet  seen  weighed  respectively  43  and  58 
pounds,  the  latter  measuring  4  feet  10  inches  in 
total  length. 

A  true  halibut,  probably  identical  with  the 
European  species,  and  far  preferable  to  the 
present  species  aa  an  article  of  food,  occurs  to 
the  north  of  this  State,  and  is  quite  abundant 
in  Vancouver's  island;  it  frequently  attains  a 


weight  of  90  to  a  100  pounds,  and  occasionally 
reaches  200  pounds.  1  have  not  as  yet  seen 
the  true  halibut  in  our  market,  although  it  is 
possible  it   may  occasionally  be   brought  there. 

Small  young  individuals  of  the  bastard  hali- 
but are  frequently  found  on  the  stalls,  aud  are 
sold  under  the  name  of  "turbot,"  which  is  also 
applied  to  another  species. 

Citharichthys  sordidus,  Gunther ;  PstWehthys 
sordidus,  Girard. — This  species  is  brought  in 
considerable  numbers  to  the  markets  of  San 
Francisco,  and  can  be  readily  distinguished 
from  every  other  kind  occurring  on  this  part 
of  the  coast,  by  the  combined  characters  of  eyes 
and  color  on  the  left  Bide;  lateral  line  almost 
perfectly  straight;  bony,  ridge-like  iuterocular 
space;  and  insertion  of  the  ventral  tin  of  the 
colored  side  upon  the  ridge  of  the  abdomen  in- 
stead of  on  the  same  level  with  that  of  the  blind 
side. 

As  is  the  case  with  many  other  species,  the 
number  of  rays  in  the  dorsal  and  anal  fins  is 
not  constant;  two  specimens  obtained  upon  the 
Bame  day  had  respectively  D.  93,  A.  76  and  B. 
95,  A.  72;  while  an  individual  12$  inches  long, 
obtained  on  another  occasion,  had  93  dorsal  rays. 

In  color,  this  fish  is  of  a  dirty  yellow,  or  yel- 
lowish brown,  with  each  scale  margined  with 
blackish,  aud  the  tins  speckled  with  the  same. 
[Concluded  next  week.] 

Saving  Flour  Gold. 

The  Boise  Idahoan  gives  the  following  ac- 
count of  the  Lane  apparatus  in  use  in  the  placer 
claims  on  Snake  river: 

From  the  gravel  bank  on  which  the  hydraulic 
plays,  runa  a  grizzly  answering  to  the  old  sluice 
box,  only  instead  of  a  solid  wooden  bottom, 
with  riffles  across,  there  is  a  sheet  of  perfor- 
ated iron  21  feet  long  and  four  feet  wide,  the 
perforations  nearest  the  gravel  being  smaller 
than  those  at  the  further  end — the  smallest 
holes  are  one-eighth  of  an  inch  in  diameter  while 
the  largest  ones  are  three-sixteenth  of  an  inch. 
The  grizzly  is  Bet  on  an  incline  and  supported 
by  legs  of  graduated  length  placed  underneath. 
Below  this  is  a  proof-shaped  platform  with  the 
comb  running  under  the  length-wise  center  of 
the  grizzly.  Covering  this  proof-like  platform 
on  both  aides  are  the  amalgamated  plates,  each 
of  the  upper  tiers  being  60  inches  wide  and  240 
inches  in  length.  Slightly  uuderlapping  these 
are  plates  15  inches  wide  and  240  inches  long, 
while  still  below  are  blankets,  with  a  sand  bag 
running  underneath  the  edges.  At  the  lower 
end  of  the  grizzly,  a  torn,  made  of  iron  rods  or 
bars  is  placed  at  a  sharp  angle,  and  under  this 
nearly  level  trough  is  the  last  chance  plate, 
with  the  sand  boxes  continued  and  meeting 
underneath  its  extreme  edge  in  the  shape  of 
the  letter  Y,  the  stem  of  the  Y  constituting  the 
sluice  box  for  carrying  off  the  tailings. 

The  plates  are  prepared  by  washing  them 
with  a  weak  solution  of  cyanide  of  potassium, 
and  afterwards  with  quicksilver,  when  they  are 
ready  for  service.  The  water  ia  turned  on  the 
grizzlies  and  the  dirt  thrown  in.  The  gold  and 
heavy  sand  fall  through  the  perforations  of  the 
grizzly,  while  the  coarse  gravel  and  unproduc- 
tive dirt  are  swept  by  the  water  over  +.he  toms 
and  thence  into  the  sluice  box,  any  stray  par- 
ticles of  gold  being  caught  on  the  last  chance 
plate.  A  few  inches  above  the  plates  is  a  pro- 
tective grizzly,  which  breaks  the  fall  of  the 
sand.  When  the  gold  and  heavy  sand  are  re- 
ceived on  the  plates  the  sand  is  gently  washed 
away  over  the  plates  and  blankets  into  the 
sluice  boxes  and  thence  through  the  tail  sluice, 
while  every  particle  of  gold  is  attracted  and 
held  by  the  quicksilver  on  the  plates.  An  ex- 
amination of  the  sand  in  the  sluice  boxes  sel- 
dom reveals  color,  and  then  only  when  the 
quicksilver  has  all  the  gold  it  can  hold. 

Krupp's  Electric  Lamp, — A  recent  number  of 
the  Engineer  gives  a  description  and  illustration 
of  Krupp's  electric  lamp,  which  is  said  to  work 
very  well  at  Essen.  It  possesses  the  advantages 
of  maintaining  the  ends  of  the  carbon  points  in 
a  fixed  position,  so  that  parabolic  reflectors  are 
used,  and  of  regulating  automatically  the  distance 
between  the  points.  The  upper  carbon  holder, 
which  is  quite  heavy,  is  suspended  from  a  disk 
by  means  of  a  jointed  chain,  while  the  lower 
holder  is  similarly  attached  to  a  disk,  which  is 
just  half  the  size  of  the  former.  The  chains 
are  so  passed  around  the  disks,  that,  when  the 
upper  holder  descends  a  certain  distance,  the 
lower  holder  will  ascend  half  the  distance,  so 
that  thus  the  difference  in  the  rate  of  combus- 
tion of  the  positive  and  negative  carbon  is  com- 
pensated, and  the  light  occupies  a  fixed  position. 
In  order  to  regulate  the  motion  of  the  upper 
holder  a  fan  revolving  in  quicksilver  is  provided. 
A  brake  controlled  by  an  electro-magnet  acts 
upon  a  disk  on  the  same  spindle  as  the  two 
holder  disks,  and  thus  regulates  the  distance 
between  the  two  carbon  points. 


Cement  for  Fixing  Metal  Letters  on 
Glass. — Copal  varnish,  15  parta  ;  drying  oil,  5 
parta  ;  turpentine,  3  parta  ;  oil  of  turpentine,  2 
parta;  liquified  marine  glue,  5  parts.  Melt  in  a 
water  bath,  and  add  10  parts  dry  slacked  lime. 


A  German  dealer  in  bird  trimmings  for 
ladies'  hats  has  just  received  a  consignment  of 
30,000  dead  humming  birds,  80,000  corpses  of 
aquatic  birds,  and  800,000  pairs  of  wings. 

Chinamen"  are  not  allowed  to  enter  the  new 
carbonate  camp,  Leadville,  Colorado.  Several 
celestials  on  their  way  there  have  been  stopped 
and  tamed  back. . 


236 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[April  12,  1879. 


•*&'&& 


so  oo]\4:pA 


*»■*■». 


"  PRESS    PAT£JV 


^ 


ESTABLISHED  IN 
1860. 


202  SANSOME  STKEET, 


The  Leading  U.  S.  Patent  Agency  of  the  West. 


4°**. 


^OKVlQty 


C> 


ABLE,  FAITHFUL  AND 
EEASONABLE. 


SA1T  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 

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womanhood  everywhere.    The  pursuit  of 

Floriculture  and  Horticulture 

On  the  Pacific  slope  presents   a  field  of  delightful  study,  more  prolific  iu  novelty  and  fruitful  in 
profits  than  awaits  the  student  and  laborer  in  any  other   portion   of  the  globe.     We   trust  to   ex- 
change valuable  hints  with  our  florists,  vineyardists  and  fruit-growers  throughout  the  Pacific  States 
Our  Home  Circle  department  will  contain  none  other  than 

Chaste  Literature 

In  pleasing  variety,  calculated  to  amuse,  instruct  and  elevate  both  the  young  and  old,  boys  and 
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The  Mining  and  Scientific  Press. 

THIS     PUBLICATION,    SO  VALUABLE    FOR    MINERS,    MECHANICS,  SCIENTIFIC 
AND  INDUSTRIAL  MEN, 

Is  now  in  its  THIRTY-EIGHTH  Volume.  It  has  ever  been,;  and  will  continue  to  be,  the  aim 
and  object  of  the  publishers  to  make  the  Peess 

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To  this  end,  we  aim,  through  the  constant  watchfulness  of  our  editors  and  correspondents,  to  seize 
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day.    It  has  been  well  said  that 

A  Newspaper  is  a  Window 

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In  the  World  of  Mining,  Mechanics  and  Science. 

Without  a  paper  of  this  kind,  the  miner  or  mechanic  is  shut  up  in  a  small  room  or  shop,  and  can 
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eries and  improvements  which  are  constantly  being  made  by  his  fellow  workers,  and  without  a 
knowledge  of  which  he  soon  becomes  a  laggard  in  the  race. 

The  Value  to  the  Community 

Of  such  publications  in  disseminating  important  information,  in  checking  useless  and  exploded 
experiments,  and  in  instigating  important  enterprises,  can  scarcely  be  overrated.  Through  them 
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issuing  but  never  finished. 

Nowhere  in  the  Wide  World 

Is  such  an  aid  more  needed  than  by  the  miner  of  California.  It  is  needed  alike  in  the  mill,  in  the 
mine  and  in  the  placer.    We  have  here 

The   Largest  Mining  Field  on  the  Globe, 

Embracing  a  variety  of  min>  rals  nowhere  else  found  within  the  boundaries  of  a  single  field.  We 
ha 7e  here,  also,  men  gathered  from  every  quarter  of  the  globe,  bringing  with  them  the  collective 
wisdom  of  the  world, 

Useful,  Practical  and  Directly  from  the  Field 

Of  labor.  The  mustiness  of  books  has  been  brushed  away,  and  their  minds  are  stored  not  only 
with  the  experience  ot  the  past,  but  also  with  tire  practice  of  the  present.  It  is  to  this  fact  that 
we  are  indebted  for  our  present 

Able  List  of  Correspondents, 

Through  whom  we  are  able  to  promise  to  our  readers  so  much  that  cannot  be  collected  in  the  mere 
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Fresh,  Novel  and  Interesting, 

And  which  shall  comprise  all  that  is  known  of  the  latest  and  best  means  for  saving  gold  and  silver 
and  for  economizing  labor  and  cost  in  that  direction. 

Our  Illustration  Department 

Will  still  always  for  n  an  important  feature,  and  no  effort  will  be  spared  to  make  it  of  the- 
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Home  Manufactures  and  Inventions 

Will  also  largely  occupy  the  attention  of  the  publishers  and  editors,  and  will  be  constantly  en- 
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r.vA  adding  to  the  wealth  of  the  Pacific  coast. 

The  Large  and  Increasing  Circulation 

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April  12,  1879.J 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


237 


Scientific  Press  Supplement, 

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It  forms  a  select,  medium  through^which^all 
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[Fig.2 


®- 


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Published  or  issued,  wholesale  and  retail,  by  DEWEY  & 
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BY  GUIDO   KUSTEL, 

Mining  Engineer  and  Metallurgist. 

Roasting  of  Gold  and  Silver  Ores,  and  the 
Extraction  of  their  respective  Metals  without  Quick- 
silver.    1870. 

This  rare  book  on  the  treatment  of  gold  and  silver  ores 
without  quicksilver,  is  liberally  illustrated  and  crammed 
full  of  facts.  It  gives  short  and  concise  descriptions  of  va- 
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Price,  §2.50  coin,  postage  free. 

Concentration  of  Ores  (of  all  kinds),  including 
the  Chlorination  Process  for  Gold-bearing  Sulphurets, 
Arsoniurets,  and  Gold  and  Silver  Ores  generally,  with 
120  Lithographic  Diagrams.     1867. 

This  work  is  unequaled  by  any  other  published,  embrac- 
ing the  subjects  treated.  Its  authority  is  highly  esteemed 
and  regarded  by  its  readers;  containing,  as  it  does,  much 
essential  information  to  the  Miner,  Millman,  Metallurgist, 
and  other  professional  workers  in  ores  and  minerals,  which 
cannot  be  found  elsewhere  in  print.  It  also  abounds 
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Yours  respectfully,  tJ.  H.  Cavahauoh. 

Walla  Walla,  Dee.  24th. 


READING  RANCH, 

Shasta  Co.,  Cal.    A 


Good  Land! 
Sure  Crops! 

HEALTHY    CLIMATE  ! 
Prices  Low.  Terms  Easy. 


TITLE  PERFECT. 


ts- 

lADIMJ 


The  Hi  :»d  i  ii 
Ki.ii.Ii,  in  the  Up- 
por    Bun 
valley,    i  i 

•  over 
2»i,oo0  acres  "i 
cl grain,  or- 
chard mm)  i 

laud,    i>   D<  9 

offt  red  i  i  r 
kuIo  at  lo\t 
prices  and  on 
lavorabli 
ten  uof  p 

ni'.nt.  in  Mid 

■ 

■  nil  puroho 


The   ranch 
wa»  selected 

at   an    early   day  by    M.ijor   I'    B. 

Reading,  one  of  the  largest  pioneer 

laud  owners  In  California.     It  is 

situated  on  the  west  side  of  the 

Bocr&mento    River   and   extends 

over  20  miles  along  its  bank. 

The  average  rainfall  is  about  SO 

inches  per  annum,  and  crops  hive  never 

been  known  to  fail  from  drouth. 

The  climate  is  healthy  and  desirable, 
The  near  proximity  of  high  mountain 
peaks  give  cool  nights  during  the 
"  heated  term"  which  occurs  in  our  Cal- 
ifornia summers. 
Pasturage,  wood  and  good  water  are 

abundant.     The   tillage   land    is    mostly 
level,  with  complete  drainage. 

Figs,    Grapes,     Peaches,    Prunes,     Al- 
monds,   English   Walnuts,   Oranges  and 
other  temperate  and  setni-trupieal  fruit* 
can  be  raisoa  with  success  on  most  of  the  tract   without 
irrigation.     Also,  Alfalfa,  Vegetables,  Corn  and  all  other 
cereals  ordinarily  grown  in  the  State. 

The  soil  throughout  the  tilled  portions  of  the  ranch 
proves  to  be  of  great  depth  and  enduring  in  its  good 
qualities.  It  is  quite  free  fn>m  foul  growths.  The  virgin 
soil  among  the  large  oak  trees  on  the  bottom  land  is  eas- 
ily broken  up  and  cultivated. 

The  title  is  U.  S.  patent.  Prices  range  principally  from 
§5  to  $30  per  acre. 

The  California  and  Oregon  railroad  traverses  nearly 
the  [entire  length  of  the  tract.  Thure  are  several  sec- 
tions, stations  and  switches,  besides  depots  at  the  towns 
of  Anderson  and  Heading,  all  of  which  are  located 
within  the  limits  of  the  ranch. 

The  Sacramento  River  borders  the  whole  tract  on  the 
southeast.  Its  clear  waters  are  well  stocked  with  fish. 
Good  hunting  abounds  in  the  surrounding  country. 

Producers  have  a  local  market,  which  enhances  the  value 
of  their  produce.  The  railroad  transportation  route  is  level 
throughout  to  San  Francisco.    A  portion 
of  the  land  is  auriferous  and  located  near 
rich    mines    now    being    worked.     Land 
•  suitable  for  settlers  iu  colonies  can  he 

obtained  on  good  terms. 

Town  lots  are  offered  fur  sale  in  Read- 
ing, Bttuated  on  the  Sacramento  rivur,  at 
the  present  terminus  of  the  railroad.  It 
U  th«  converging  and  distributing  point 
for  large,  prosi>erous  mining  and  agricul- 
tural districts  in  Northern  Californ.a  and 
Southern  Oregon.  Alan,  lots  in  the  town 
of  Anderson,  situated  more  centrally  on 
the  ranch.  Lots  in  both  these  towns  arc 
offered  at  a  bargain,  for  the  purpose  of 
building  up  the  towns  and  facilitating 
settlement  of  the  ranch. 

Purchasers  are  invited  to  come  and 
see  the  lands  before  buying  here  or 
elsewhere.  Apply  on  the  ranch,  to 
the  proprietor, 

EDWARD    FRISBIE, 
Anderson,  Shasta  Co.,  Cal. 
P  S.  -Send  postage  stamp  for  illus- 
trated paper  containing  information 
about  Shasta  county  and  these  lands, 
and  say  advertised  in  this  paper. 

Location  of  Shasta  County. 
Shasta  County  lies  not  far  from 
midway  between  the  two  most  im- 
portant ports  on  the  Pacific  shore, 
i.  e.,  San  Francisco  and  Portland, 
Oregon,  and  directly  on  the  overland 
route,  which  in  the  future  will  be- 
come the  grand  thoroughfare  from 
Mexico  to  British  Columbia.  The 
town  of  Reading,  at  present,  and 
probably  for  years  to  come,  the  head 
of  railroad  transportation  on  the 
California  side  of  the  mountains  in- 
tervening below  Oregon,  is  distant 
from  San  Francisco  by  railroad  (via 
Vallejo)  255  miles;  from  Sacramento 
City,  169  miles;  from  Marysvilln,  117 
miles. 


'«& 


25. 


Notes  on  Shasta  County  and 
the  Reading  Grant 

The  town  of  Reading,  on  the  Reading  grant,  is  situated 
at  the  present  terminus  of  the  Northern  Branch  of  the 
C.  P.  R.  It,  It  is  a  large  and  thriving  place.  Anderson 
is  situated  in  the  middle  portion  of  the  grant,  surrounded 
bj  line  farming  land.  It  is  a  substantial  growing  town, 
certain  of  a  prosperous  future. 

The  largest  body  of  fine  farming  land  is  along  the  river 
fiwn  in  Mr  Cottonwood  to  a  point  near  Reading,  unbracing 
originally  20,000  acrew,  and  known  an  the  Reading  grant. 
The  different  kindn  of  soil  found  in  tho  county  are  well 
Bhown  here.    A  portion  of  the  grunt  is  moist  enough  for 

summer  vegetables  or  winter  potatoes,  the  greater  por- 
tion i*  the  finest  of  wheat  l.unl,  producing  ■  crop  every 
season;  some  of  it  is  a  red  upland  similar  to  the  fruit 
luuds  of  Placer  county,  and  unsurpassed  lor  orchards  and 

vineyards  Most  of  the  bottom  land  of  the  grant  is  dot- 
ted over  with  while  oaks  of  the  largest  size;  there  is  little 

undergrowth. 

Being  away  from  any  broad  belt  of  settled  landn,  this 
One  traot,  which  possesses  less  drawbacks  than  nine-tenths 
of  the  farming  lands  of  California,  has  seemingly  had  Its 
merits  overlooked.     The  purchases  made  upon    the   tract 

have  hitherto  been  mainly  by  perrons  living  in  the  moun- 
tains aho\e. 

Wood  and  water  are  plentiful  and  easy  to  get.  Oak 
timber  Is  in  the  majority.  Good  well  water,  unfailing  in 
quantity,  is  reached  in  from  10  to  SS  feet,  according  to 
lui-.ii  inn  The  drainage  is  such  that  very  little  damage  is 
ever  done  by  the  heaviest  floods.  All  the  burplus  water 
drains  otf  in  a  lew  days.  Qood  roada  (or  hauling  extend 
all  over  the  Reading  grant.  The  situation  of  thu  grant 
is  such  that  its  future  population  can  easily  combine  and 
furni-h  additional  facilities  for  transportation  by  narrow 
gauge  railroad  and  river  navigation,  if  occasion  should 
require. 

For  raising  wheat,  oats,  barley,  corn,  beans,  melons, 
beets,  peanuts,  sweet  potatoes,  flax,  hops,  all  kit  ds  of 
fruit,  various  vegetables,  and  in  many  places)  alfalfa,  uo 
irrigation  is  required.  However,  tho  opportunity  for 
irrigating  almost  the  entire  tract  of  the  Reading  grant  la 
moat  exceedingly  favorable  from  the  Sacramento  river,  or 
from  Clear  creek  and  other  sources. 

One  of  the  advantages  which  the  email  farmer  in  Shasta 
has  over  his  fellow  farmers  elsewhere,  is  in  the  lact  that 
he  has  the  monopoly  of  a  very  lucrative  home  market. 
The  mines  and  lumber  mills  are  constant  consumers  of 
all  he  can  produce  iu  the  way  of  grain,  hay,  beef  or  pork. 

Tho  main  valley  and  the  lower  hills  are  blessed  with  a 
healthy  and  invigorating  climate.  The  mean  summer 
temperature  of  Reading  is  04"  14',  or  nearly  3°  warmer 
than  Livormore.  The  mean  temperature  for  the  coldest 
month  is  40°  72',  or  12'  warmer  than  San  Jose.  These 
figures  are  taken  from  B.  B.  Redding's  able  report  on  the 
culture  of  the  olive.  v 

Tho  two  palm  trees  now  growing  in  an  orchard  near 
Wiser's  vineyard,  two  and  a  half  miles  east  of  Shasta 
City,  were  planted  by  Mr.  Swazey,  of  Shasta,  some  20 
years  ago.  The  largest  is  now  37  inches  in  diameter  at 
four  feet  from  the  ground.  The  variety  is  that  known  as 
Pritchardi  Jilamentosa.  Young  orange  trees  may  be 
found  in  various  parts  of  the  county,  several  having  borne 
fruit.  At  the  Tower  house  are  some  of  the  finest  walnut 
trees  in  the  State,  and  choice  orchard  of  all  the  standard 
varieties.  FigM  and  peaches  are  of  unusually  good  quality, 
and  the  winter  apples  keep  from  one  to  three  months 
longer  than  the  same  varieties  in  the  San  Jose  valley. 
Almonds  have  hardly  been  tested.  The  hard-shell  is  found 
everywhere,  but  only  a  few  trees  of  the  soft-shell  can  bo 
found.  The  olive  will  undoubtedly  succeed.  Much  of  the 
fruit  has  been  seedling,  and  little  care  haB  been  taken  of 
the  orchards  ;  but  a  belter  spirit  prevails,  and  many  trees 
are  being  planted.  There  is  a  tine  field  open  for  the  first 
man  who  will  grow  small  fruits,  strawberries,  etc.,  for 
the  mines.  A  few  are  brought  from  Sacramento,  but  they 
arrive  in  poor  condition. 

In  the  matter  o(  hay,  the  Reading  market  ranges  from 
$1S  to  $24,  and  has  beon  up  to  83'J,  the  local  supply  not 
being  large 'enough,  and  much  has  been  brought  from  Te- 
hama county.  Some  experiments  with  alfalfa,  on  both 
upland  and  lowland,  have  resulted  favorably,  and  it  ap- 
pears that  it  will  grow  without  irrigation,  if  the  ground 
is  deeply  and  well  prepared.. 

The  question  of  health  is  of  so  great  importance  that 
we  maale  particular  queries  on  this  point.  Healthier  peo- 
ple than  Shasta  county  furnishes  are  not  to  be  found  any- 
where, nor  is  there,  any  malaria  along  the  Sacramento 
within  the  county  limits. 

The  advantage  above  all  others  which  is  just  now  turn- 
ing the  attention  of  6tockmen,  small  farmers  and  or- 
chardists  to  Shasta  county  is  in  itB  abundant  and  unfail- 
ing rainfall. 

The  local  market  has  hitherto  taken  all  the  hogs  raised, 
at  good  figures,  about  five  and  one-half  to  seven  and  one- 
half  centB  live  weight.  This  all  goes  into  the  mines  and 
some  pork  is  even  brought  from  Tehama  and  other  points 
south. 

On  tho  whole  tho  advantages  of  this  county,  are,  first, 
diversified  interests;  second,  local  and  increasing  mar- 
kets; third,  healthfulness,  rainfall,  fine  scenery,  etc.,  and 
its  development  is  only  a  question  of  time. 

"  Visit  this  section  of  our  State  and  see  for  yourself,"  is 
good  advice,  which  can  be  regretted  by  but  few,  if  followed 
by  those  who  wish  to  settle  on  the  Pacific  coast  from  other 
parts  of  the  Union,  or  by  those  who  wish  to  change  their 
location  in  California, 


Several  thousand  acres  of  desirable  Wheat,  Barley,  Oat,  and 
other  farming  land  for  rent  at  a  low  cash  rate  or  on  shares. 
Crops  never  fail  if  sown  by  the  first  of  March.  Visit  the  prem- 
ises or  address  as  above.  San  Francisco  Reference — Pacific 
Rural  Press  Office,  202  Sansome  Street. 


OFFICE    OF    THE 


f  gan  £mixiM0, 


MACHINERY,  BUILDINGS,  PORTRAITS,  LANDSCAPES,  TRADE-MARKS,  LABELS,  SEALS,  MONOGRAMS,  etc 


>J^wmmmmm:B  and  ■nduth^ 

^^ _ 

IN     THE     HIGHEST    STYLE    OF     THE     ART. 


„^J& 


UNITED    STATES 
Mineral  Land    Laws,  Revised    Statutes 

AND    INSTRUCTIONS     AND    FORMS 
UNDER  THE  SAME. 

We  have  just  issued  a  pamphlet  containing  the  General 
Mineral  Land  Laws  of  the  United  States,  with  instructions 
of  the  Commissioner  of  the  Land  Office.  The  contents  of 
this  pamphlet  comprise  all  of  the  Government  laws  with 
relation  to  mineral  lands  of  interest  to  the  mining  com- 
munity, as  follows:  Mining  Statute  of  May  10th,  1872, 
with  Instructions  by  the  Commissioner  of  the  Land  Office; 
Mining  Statute  of  July  20th,  1S(SG;  Mining  Statute  of  July 
9th,  1870.  Forms  required  under  Mining  Act  of  May  10th, 
1872,  as  follows:  Notice  of  Location;  Request  for  Surveys; 
Application  for  Patent;  Proof  of  Posting  Notice  and  Dia- 
gram of  the  Claim;  Proof  that  Plat  and  Notice  remained 
Posted  on  Claim  during  Time  of  Publication;  Registers' 
Certificate  of  Posting  Notice  for  Sixty  Days;  Agreement  of 
Publisher;  Proof  of  Publication;  Affidavit  of  $500  Im- 
provements; Statement  and  Charge  of  Fees;  Proof  of 
Ownership  and  Possession  in  Case  of  Loss  or  absence  of 
Mining  Records;  Affidavit  of  Citizenship;  Certificate  that 
no  Suit  is  Pending;  Power  of  Attorney;  Protest  and  Ad- 
verse Claim;  Non-Mineral  Affidavit;  Proof  that  no  Known 
Veins  Exist  in  a  Placer  Claim,  etc.  There  is  also  given 
the  U.  S.  Coal  Land  Law  and  Regulations  thereunder. 
The  work  comprises  thirty  pages,  and  will  be  sold,  post- 
free,  for  50  cents.  It  should  he  in  the  hands  of  every 
one  having  any  mining  interests.  DEWEY  &  CO,, 

Publishers  of  the  Mining  and  Scientific  Prebs,  S.  *. 


Acknowledgement  and  Thanks. 

Lakeport,  Lake  Co.,  Cal.,  Nov.  2d,  1878. 
Messrs.  Dewey  &  Co.— Gentlemen:— I  hereby  acknowl- 
edge receipt  of  patent,  for  which  please  accept  my  sin- 
cere thanks.  When  I  have  any  further  business  in  thia 
line  I  shall  certainly  employ  you.  With  kind  regards,  I 
am,  Yours  very  truly,  Chas.  Slatterbkce, 


238 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[April  12,   1879. 


<EEDERSBrELEVAl 
DERRICKS 


,  PATENT  SEPERAT0R5 
sjr,  CASTINGS . 


•  »      *~'\\  <i  ..jfB  BYRON  JACKSON,  PROFRIET 
JACKSON'S  AGRICULTURALWORKS. 

SE.COR-6"™  rf  BLUXOML'  ST?   S  AHFRftN  CISCO  .. 


Jackson's   Agricultural    Machine    Works, 

S.  E.  Corner  6th  and  Bluxome  Sts.,  San  Francisco. 


JY1/U/UR\CTU^EALL  KJIsfu 
THRESHEnSUPPLIBS^. .  /  ,  .' 
FEEDERS, ILEnmSfiBMKU 


JACKSON'S  AGRWULTUML  WORKS 
S.E.COR.  6™  8,  BLUXOME  STREETS 


To  Practical  Threshermen 

—  AND  — 

FAHMEES ! 

Gentlemen  :  —  The  undersigned  having  removed  his 
Machine  Works,  established  in  1872,  known  by  the  name 
of  Yolo  Planing  Mills  and  Machine  Works,  from 

Woodland  to  San  Francisco, 

And  erected  a  larger  and  convenient  Factory,  with  all  of 
the  facilities  necessary  to  manufacture  a  complete  Thresh- 
ing Outfit,  respectfully  solicits  your  patronage. 

If  you  have  any  new  ideas  you  wish  to  develop,  inven- 
tions you  wish  to  introduce,  or  alterations  and  improve- 
ments you  wish  to  make  on  your  old  Machines,  please 
bring  them  to  my  Works,  and  I  will  give  you  the  benefit 
of  my  large  experience  with  experimental  Threshers,  and 
do  your  work  at  the 

LOWEST    RATES. 

Every  Thresherman  and  Farmer  on  this  Coast  feels  and 
knows  of  his  own  knowledge  the  want  of  a  more  economi- 
cal Threshing  Outfit.  One  that  is  less  wasteful,  less  ex- 
pensive in  annual  repairs  and  running  expenses,  and  the 
first  cost  within  the  reach  of  the  small  Farmer.  With  the 
view  of  supplying  this  want  and  producing  a  Machine 
especially  adapted  to  ibis  Coast,  I  have  established  the 
JACKSON  AGRICULTURAL  MACHINE  WORKS,  and 
respectfully  solicit  suggestions  and  opinions  and  the 
patronage  of  the  practical  Thresherman  and  Farmer,  and 
Offer  you  my  best  attention  and  skill.  Also  to  the  inven- 
tor I  offer  my  services,  and  solicit  your  patronage.  Will 
make  experimental  Machinery  to  order,  and  will  manu- 
facture meritorious  patented  Machinery  on  royalty,  or 
purchase  the  patents  on  reasonable  terms. 

Address  all  communications, 

BYRON    JACKSON, 

f?.  B.  Corner  of  6th  and  Bluxome  Streets, 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 


Jackson's  Patent  Feeder, 

FOR  THRESHING  MACHINES. 

The  Feeder  is  adapted  to  either  Steam  or  Horse- Power. 
Will  feed  mowed  Grain  or  Mustard,  no  matter  how  long. 
Headed  or  reaped  Grain,  no  matter  how  weedy. 

It  will  thresh  cleaner  than  by  hand  feed. 

It  will  save  the  labor  and  board  of  one  man  (on  large 
Machines  two),  besides  it  will  do  more  work  and  better 
work,  as  it  never  gets  tired. 

The   Elevator. 

The  Elevator  in  the  New  Machines  is  attached  by  a 
knuckle  Bhaft,  and  driven  by  a  mitre  gear  from  the 
Feeder.  All  journalled  in  one  solid  box-hanger,  with 
gears  neatly  covered  from  the  dust  and  straw. 

Both  Feeder  and  Elevator  are  driven  by  one  large  pul- 
ley, fitted  with  a  friction  clutch  to  stop  and  start  the 
Feeder  at  the  will  of  the  operator. 

The  whole  arrangement  is  so  simple,  compact  and  dura- 
ble, that  the  additional  machinery  added  by  its  use  can 
be  no  objection,  when  compared  with  the  great  advan" 
tages  gained. 

1st.  Room  to  spread  the  feed. 

2d.  Less  danger  from  the  forks,  or  of  being  knocked 
into  the  cylinder. 

3d.  Getting  away  from  the  dust. 

4th.  Getting  the  Separator  away  from  the  stacks. 

5th.  Time  saveed  in  setting. 

6th.  Saving  the  foreman  the  annoyance  of  crawling 
under  the  Separator  to  set  it,  or  running  around  the  stack 
to  communicate  with  the  engineer. 

7th.  The  Engineer  can  see  everything  connected  with 
the  Machine,  ur  crew,  thus  avoiding  many  accidents. 

8th.  The  sacks  can  be  piled  on  either  side  of  Separator. 

9th.  The  opportunity  of  using  a  low  derrick  table.  The 
importance  of  this  low  table  cannot  be  overestimated.  It 
saves  the  three  main  items  in  the  harvest  field:  TIME, 
LABOR  and  GRAIN. 

Address 

BYRON    JACKSON, 

Southeast  Corner  6th  and  Bluxome  Streets, 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 


JACKSON'S 

Improved  Portable  Derrick. 

(Patented  January  23d,  1877.) 

This  consists  of  four  upright  pieces,  framed  in  two  sec- 
tions to  stiffen  the  uprights,  and  fastened  together  at  the 
top  with  one  heavy  bolt,  and  two  of  them  hinged  at  the 
bottom,  so  that  one  section  will  fold  inside  of  the  other 
and  lie  down  smoothly  on  the  table. 

The  Derrick,  when  in  workkig  position,  is  light,  and 
very  stiff  and  strong,  and  does  not  require  taking  down 
to  move,  except  to  pass  under  obstructions,  or  for  conve- 
nience on  long  journeys. 

Two  Guy  RopeB  only  are  required  to  hold  it  while  at 
work.  The  top  and  bottom  pulley  blocks  are  each  hung 
with  swivels  to  prevent  chafing  the  ropes. 

The  Derrick  can  be  put  on  to  any  platform,  and  will  be 
sold  separate  if  desired.    Price,  §50. 

The  advantages  of  this  Derrick  are:  convenience,  dura* 
bility,  lightness,  strength  and  absolute  safety. 

The  tablemen  stand  between  the  uprights,  and  it  is  im- 
possible to  hit  them  with  the  Forks,  so  they  lose  no  time 
in  watching  the  Forks  to  keep  from  being  hurt.  Price 
SSO;  Derrick  complete  with  blocks,  ropes  and  two  forks, 
$175. 


The  above  diagram  shows  the  proper  position  for  the 
Derrick,  Separator  and  Engine  when  using  the  Feeder 
and  Elevator,  and  the  proper  size  and  shape  of  stacks. 

This  plan  is  much  better  than  stacking  the  same 
amount  of  grain  in  one  stack  35x60,  and  using  the  Derrick 
on  one  side. 

These  sizes  are  the  largest  I  think  profitable,  because 
the  Forks  cannot  be  pulled  over  30  feet,  and  supply  a 
Self-Feeder  with  two  Forks.  If  the  straw  is  short,  they 
had  better  be  smaller.     Address 

BYRON    JACKSON, 

S.    E.   Corner  of  6th  and  Bluxome  Streets, 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 


JACKSON'S 

Light-Weight   Fork. 

Is  only  half  the  weight  of    the    Clumsy- 
Forks  now  in  use,  and  yet  Stronger 
and  more  Durable, 

It  is  neatly  constructed  of  a  light  frame.  The  head 
formed  of  two  pieces,  one  each  side  of  the  frame.  The 
tines  passing  through  them  and  the  several  pieces  of  th» 
frame,  locking  the  frame  firmly  between  them,  and  by 
means  of  a  light  iron  brace,  from  each  tine  to  the  frame. 
The  strain  in  lifting  the  load  is  brought  to  bear  straight 
with  the  grain  of  the  wood  in  the  several  pieces  of  the 
frame,  having  no  twisting  strain  on  any  portion  of  th« 
Fork.  The  two  head-pieces  serving  only  to  space  the 
tines  and  stiffen  the  frame.  The  latch  spring  is  protected 
so  that  it  never  fails  to  do  its  work. 

Thebailisso  protected  by  the  frame  that  it  is  not  subject 
to  being  bent  out  of  shape,  and  is  made  very  light. 

In  short,  this  Fork  is  constructed  upon  common  sense 
scientific  principles,  and  every  ounce  of  weight  left  out 
that  is  not  needed,  weighing  only  35  to  UO  pounds,  while 
those  now  in  use  weigh  from  GO  to  75  pounds. 

It  is  marvelous  that  men  will  use  and  he  satisfied  with 
bo  clumsy  and  heavy  an  implement,  when  one  eo  remark- 
ably lighter  can  be  as  easily  made.  Let  us  estimate  the 
saving  per  day  by  the  use  of  the  Light-Weight  Fork, 
basing  our  calculations  on  1,000  loads  per  day  to  supply  a 
Thresher,  20  feet  the  average  distance  to  move  the  grain, 
30  pounds  the  difference  in  weight  of  the  Fork.  Thirty 
poundB  moved  20  feet  1,000  times  equals  30,000  pounds 
moved  20  feet  each  day;  or,  in  other  wordB,  30  pounds 
dragged  at  the  end  of  a  rope  four  miles  in  addition  to  a 
hard  day's  work  in  the  hot  sun.  This  is  a  low  estimate 
of  the  practical  Baving  by  using 

JACKSON'S 


Light-Weight  Fork, 


It  is  an  old  saying  that  it  was  1 
the  last  straw  that  broke  the  j 
camel's  back,  and  it  is  very  ap- 
plicable in  this  case.     By  leav-  ' 
ing  off  the  last  30  pounds  in  the 
weight  of  the  Fork  and  giving 
it  the  proper  shape,  plenty  of  men  can  be  found  to  operate 
it  at  reasonable  wages.    Address 

BYRON   JACKSON, 

S.  B.  Corner  of  6  th   and  Bluxome  Streets 
—      SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 


California  Tool    Works, 
BLACKSMITH    AND    MACHINE    SHOP, 

Nos.  143  and  145  Beale  Street,       -       -       -       SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 

J.  WEICXXK.A.IIT,  Proprietor. 
Reaper  and  Mowing  Knives  and  Sections  Made  to  Order. 


V       , 


81- ::  !E II 


ill 


WM 


l.** 


31 


^*Hi! 


H§ 


DIES  and  PUNCHES  for  Shoe  Factories,  Printers,  Tinners,   etc.,  and  all  kinds  of  Edge  Tools  made  to  order. 

The  attention  of  Farmers,  Dairymen,  Stablemen,  Etc.,  is  called  to  the 

CALIFORNIA  PATENT  HAY  CUTTER, 

THE    BEST    EVER    INVENTED. 

The  advantages i  of  this  Machine  over  others  are  as  follows:  1st.  Simple  and  durable.  2d.  Does  first-class  work  in  the 
shortest  possible  tune.  3d.  Can  be  kept  in  repair  without  the  assistance  of  a  mechanic.  4th.  Cuts  different  lengths  by  a 
simple  method  of  adjustment.    5th.  Price  compared  with  other  nrst-elass  machines  very  low 

™S  Hi KESvH-  JsA32UH£,E'  Pf™'™  Dec'  "">>■  ls'i  '»  indispensable  for  Gardeners. 

^r^°^^^^^^^l^%^J"^A°^''aa'0'iiMlM-li  yeM8-  BEAPEK  and  M0WEB 

REPAIRING  OF  ALL  KINDS  OF  MACHINERY  A  SPECIALTY. 

Forging,    Turning,    Grinding    and    Polishing    done    with    Dispatch. 

<^ALL   WORK   WARRANTED. -®» 


Jos.  Wagner  &  Co., 


105  and  107  Mission  St.,  San  Francisco. 

MANUFACTURERS    OP 


CO 


CO 


GO 


MILLS    BUILT    BY    CONTRACT    OR    DAY      WORK. 

Plans  Drawn   and  Specifications  Made  on   Rea- 
sonable Terms  for  Parties  wishing: 
to    Build  Mills. 

Agents  for  Dufour  &  Co.'s  Celebrated 

DUTCH   ANCHOR   BOLTING  CLOTHS. 

BOLTING    CLOTHS    MADE    UP. 
FARMERS'    SMALL    FEED    MILLS, 

And  all  styles  of  Mills  for  farm- 
ing purposeB  constantly  on 
band,  and  also  Coffee,  Spice, 
Salt  and  Paiiit  Mills.  Especial 
attention  paid  to  getting  up 
Mills  for  Pulverizing  Ores. 

Eureka  Smut  Machines,  Bran 
Dusters,   Rubber  and  Leather 

1  Belting,    Conveyor  Flights, 

;  Mill    Irons,    Spindles,     Bails, 

;  Drivers,    Steps,    Regulating 

•  Screws,  Silent  Feeders,  Pul- 
leys, Proof  Staffs,  Hoisting 
Screws,  Bails  and  Pins,  Plas- 
ter, Etc.  Mill  Picks,  Mill 
Picks  dressed,  Mill  Stones  re- 
paired and  rebuilt. 
Mill  Stones  balanced. 


April  12,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


239 


THE    WESTERN    SHORE    ICE    COMPANY. 


821    Battery    Street,    San    Francisco,    Cal. 


This  Company  having  ac- 
quired from  H.  J.  West,  of 
London,  the  aole  and  exclu- 
sive right  to  manufacture 
and  sell  on  the  Pacific  Coast 
hi-*  world  renowned  ICE- 
MAKING  AND  REFKIG- 
BEATING  MACH1N  BS, 
are  prepared  to  supply  the 
same  to  Hotels,  Restau- 
rants, Clubs,  Breweries, 
Country  Towns  and  all  man- 
ufacturers and  consumers  of 
Ice  on  this  Coast. 

A  one-ton  Machine  will 
manufacture  clear  Ice  in 
blocks  of  any  desired  thick- 
ness, from  three  inches  to 
four  feet  and  upwards,  at  a 
cost  of  oii't/uarter  of  a  cent 
per  pound,  A  twenty-tou 
Machine  will  manufacture 
the  same  description  of  Ice 
at  a  coat  of  ont*twentieih  0/ 
a  cent  per  pound.  In  cases 
where  power  is  already  on 
the  premises,  the  cost  of 
manufacture  will  be  less 
than  one-half  of  the  above 
figures.  These  Machines 
have  obtained  the  First 
Class  Prize  Medal  at  the 
Great  Exhibition  in  Loudon 
of  1862;  the  Prize  Medal  at 
the   Vienna   Exhibition    of 


1S73;  and  supplied  Ice  at 
the  late  Paris  Exposition. 
Many  valuable  improve- 
ments have  been  recently 
made,  and  they  are  now  ac- 
knowledged to  be  the  moat 
compltte  and  economical 
Ice-Making  Machine  in  the 
world.  Apparatus  lias  al- 
ready been  constructed  un- 
der these  patents,  which  is 
now  in  successful  operation 
in  Great  Britain,  India,  and 
New  York,  equivalent  to 
the  manufacture  of  a  mil' 
Hon  pounds  of  Ice  daily. 

The  accompanying  draw- 
ing  illustrates  one  of  the 
patent  transparent  block-ice 
making  Machines  manufac- 
tured by  the  WESTERN 
SHORE  ICE  COMPANY. 
To  this  apparatus  a  very 
plain  and  simple  Steam  En- 
gine is  attached  for  working 
the  Air-Pump.  This  is 
made  direct-acting,  by 
which  means  the  use  of  all 
belts  oreear-wheels  is  avoid- 
ed. Where,  however,  a  sep- 
arate motor  exists,  the  Ma- 
chine may  be  had  without 
the  Steam  Engine,  in  which 
case  there  is  of  course  a  re- 
duction in'the  cost. 


Patent 


r  a/timgr     -A-p>p>Etreft-UL!S. 


BREWERIES. — The  eminent  success  which  has  attended  the  introduction  of  this  patent  apparatus  is  ample  proof  of  its  great  superiority  over  every  other  known  invention  of  the  kind.  The 
most  eminent  brewers  in  the  world,  including  Allsop  &  Sons,  Truman,  Hanbury,  Buxton  &  Co.,  and  Guinness  &  Co.,  have  adopted  this  system,  and  have  eleveu  of  these  Machines  of  the  largest 
kind  in  use,  while  3S  of  them  nre  employed  in  various  other  Breweries  in  Great  Britain. 

Among  the  various  other  purposes  for  which  this  new  patent  machinery  is  valuable,  are  the  cooling  of  air  or  liquids,  preserving  meat,  fish,  vegetables,  fruits,  etc. ,  cooling  Hospital  Wards 
Theaters,  Dairies;  and  for  all  purposes  where  a  low  temperature  is  desired. 

The  WESTERN  SHORE  ICE  COMPANY  are  prepared  to  supply  Refrigerating  Machines  of  a  capacity  for  cooling  from  50,000  to  500,000  cubic  feet  of  air  per  hour  to  30°  Fahr. 

For  circulars  and  paiticulars  as  to  prices  and  any  other  information  desired,  apply  to  the  Secretary  of  the 

WESTERN   SHORE    ICE    COMPANY, 

No.   821  Battery  Street,   San  Francisco,    Oal. 
®S=*  ALL     MACHINES    SOLD     WILL     BE     ACCOMPANIED     BY     A     GUARANTEE.  =^sgr 

©an  Francisco  Artesian  "VV^ell   Boring   Company. 


ARTESIAN  WELLS  BORED.    TANKS,  WINDMILLS  AND  PUMPS  ERECTED  ON  THE  INSTALLMENT  PLAN. 

Office,  No.  120  Sutter  Street,  Room  61,  San  Francisco. 


N.  B.  RITCHIE,  President. 


W.  A.  NYGH,  Secretary  and  Treasurer. 


240 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[April  12,   1879. 


I.  8.  Van  Winkle  &  Co., 

Nos.  413  and  415  Market  Street, 
SAN    FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA 


IMPORTERS    AND     DEALERS    IN 


Iron,  Steel,  and  Heavy  Hardware, 

Also  Agents  for,  and  have  a  Complete  Stock  always  on  hand  of 

PERKINS'  IMPROVED  HORSE  SHOES, 

Trotting  or  Snow  Shoes,  Mule  Shoes. 


THE  CALIFORNIA  POWDER  WORKS. 


MANUFACTURERS  OF 


Having  no  Connec- 
tion with  the  Iron 
Com bination,  and 
being  under  obliga- 
tion to  no  one,  we 
are  prepared  to 
make  it  for  the  in- 
terest of  all  want- 
ing Goods  in  onr 
line  to  give  us  a  call, 
promising  them 
good  tr payment  and 
LOW  PRICES. 


PUTNAM,  GLOBE,  and  J 

NORTH    WESTERN  I 


AXLES  -  Kinsley, 
Concord,  Solid  Col- 
lar, and  Half  Pat- 
ent. Carleton's  pat- 
ent Axle  Set  and 
Gauge. 

Blacksmith  Tools 
of  every  description. 

Hardies,  Fullers, 
Tongs,  etc.,  always 
on  hand. 

TOE    CALKS    all 

ready  to  -weld. 


Sporting,  Cannon,  Mining,  Blasting  and 

HERCULES  POWDER 

HERCULES  POWDER  will  break  more  rock,  is  stronger,  safer  and  better  than  any  other 
Explosive  in  use,  and  is  the  only  Nitro -Glycerine  Powder  chemically  compounded  to  neutralize 
the  poisonous  fumes,  notwithstanding  bombastic  and  pretentious  claims  by  others. 

It  derives  its  name  from  Hercules,  the  most  famous  hero  of  Greek  Mythology,  who  was  gifted  with  superhuman 

strength.    On  one  occasion  he  slew  several  giants  who  opposed  him,  and  with  one  blow  of 

his  club  broke  a  high  mountain  from  summit  to  base. 


No.  1  (XX)  is  the  Strongest  Explosive  Known. 
No.  2  is  superior  to  any  powder  of  that  grade, 

PATENTED  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE. 

ORDERS  RECEIVED  FOR  HERCULES  CAPS  AND  FUSE. 
JOHN  F.  LOHSE,  SECY. 

Office,  No.  230  California  Street,  -  -  San  Francisco,   Cal. 


Horse  Nails, 


"LA  BELLE"  and  other  brands  CAST  STEEL. 

Also  Toe,  Pick,   Tire,   Spring,    Plow   and   German   Steels, 

BELLOWS,    and    CUMBERLAND    COAL. 


PATENT 


Prevents  Lead  Poisoning 
and  Salivation. 


INVALUABLE  to  those  engaged  in  Dry  Crushing 

Quartz  Mills,  Quicksilver  Mines,  Guano 
Works,  White  Lead  Corroding,  Feeding 
Threshing  Machines  and  all  occupations  where  the 
surrounding  atmosphere  is  filled  with  dust,  obnoxious 
smells  or  poisonous  vapors.  The  Respirators  are  sold 
subject  to  approval  after  trial,  and  if  not  satisfactory  the 
price  will  h*.  refuuded.  Price  $3  each,  or  $30  per 
dozen.    Sent  post-paid  to  any  address  upon  receipt  of  price 

SETH  MARSHALL,  Jr.,  Ageht, 

309   California  Street.    San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Send  for  Descriptive  Circulars  containing  testimonials 
of  well-known  parties  who  are  at  present  using  them. 


OFFICES  ON  THE  PACIFIC  COAST  FOB  THE  SALE  OF  THE 

DAVIS 
VERTICAL    FEED, 

Lock-Stitch  Family  Sewing  Machine, 

Which  has  no  equal  for  all  kinds  and  varieties  of   practical  Sewing  and  Embroidery  work. 

MARK  SHELDON,  General  Wholesale  Agent,  No.  130  Post  Street,  San    Francisco 


Oakland,  Cal 518  14th  Street,  A.  J.  Fellows. 

Stockton,  Cal.  .Cor.  Main  and  Sutter  Sts.,  Eckstrom  Bros. 

Nevada  City,  Cal F.  G.  Guild. 

Visalia,  Cal Henry  Miller. 

Suisun  City,  Cal S.  G   Palmer. 

Red  Bluff,  CaL W.  H.  Bah.iey. 

Tehama,  Cal R.  B.  Aitkin. 

Shasta,  Cal G.  C.  Schroter. 

Chico,  Cal Hallett  &  Loy. 

San  Jose,  Cal Smith  &  Ryder. 

Watsonville,  Cal A.  Lewis  &  Co. 

Salinas,  Cal Walter  St.  John. 

Dixon,  Cal John  Dusian. 

Biggs  Station,  Cal Delia  A.  Sayles. 

Snelling,  Merced  Co. ,  Cal F.  Larkin. 

Soledad,  Cal A.  E.  Averrett. 

Colton  and  Riverside,  Cal G.  O.  Newman. 

Hollister,  CaL G.  G.  Johnson. 

Napa  City i  Cal Mrs.  Herring  &  Chase. 

New  Almaden,  Cal Wm.  S.  Taylor. 


Placerville,  Cal B.  S.  Crocker, 

Cedarviilei  Modoc  Co.,  Cal Cressler  &  Bonner. 

Santa  Cruz,  Cal P.  A.  Devoll. 

Salem,  Oregon Benjamin  Forstner. 

Portland,  Oregon S.  M.  Barr. 

Albany,  Oregon L  E.  B^ain. 

Lafayette,  Oregon Nelson  &  Bird. 

Sheridan,  Oregon H.  F.  Mayer  &  Co. 

Oregon  City,  Oregon James  Graham. 

Gervais,  Oregon Wm.  Kriesell. 

Hubbard.  Oregon W.  H.  Palmer. 

Aurora,  Oregon Giesy  &  Wagner. 

North  Yamhill,  Oregon Marston  &  Laughlin. 

Forest  Grove,  Oregon Smith  &  Buxton. 

Cornelius,  Oregon Lewis  Kelsey. 

Hillsboro,  Oregon Henry  Wehring. 

Walla  Walla  and  Waltsburg,  Wash.  Ter.,  E.  J.  Outman. 

Virginia  City,  Nevada. S.  E.  Ewing. 

Nanaimo,  British  Columbia A.  R.  Johnston. 


ONE  THOUSAND  DOLLARS  (31,000)  will  be  given  to  any  person  who  will  with  any  other  Sewing  Machine  follow 
the  "DAVIS  VERTICAL  FEED"  through  its  vast  range  of  practical  work.  flSTOrders  promptly  and  satisfactorily 
filled  at  any  of  the  above  agencies.     Price  Lists,  samples  and  terms  a*,  the  General  Agency,  130  Post  St.,  San  Francisco. 


VULCAN  BLASTING  POWDER. 


The  strongest  and 
most  economical  ex- 
plosive in  use. 


Wherever  it  has  been  given  a  test,  it  has  surpassed  all  other  high  explosives 

WnrL-o  at    SAN  PABLO,  California,  I 

VVUIK^cll        and  RENO,  Nevada. 


flffirvo      No.  123  California   Street, 
UITICB,  SaN    FRANCISCO. 


N.    W.    SPATJLDING'S 


PATENT    DETACHABLE   100TH    SAWS, 

Manfuactory.  17  &  19  Fremont  St.,  S.  F. 

Watsonville,  July  29th,  1S78, 
Messrs.  Dewet  &  Co. — Oents: — I  was  not  expecting  mf 
patent  so  soon.     You  certainly  kept  your  word  when  you 
said  no  time  would  be  lost.     I  remain,  yourstruly, 

W.  T.    EASTEaDAY. 


ESTABLISHED  1S67. 

Edwin  Harrington 
&  Son, 

Manufacturers   of 

Extension  &  Gap  Lathes, 

FOOT    LATHES. 

Iron  Plainers,  Boring  Mills,  Center- 
ing and  Tapping  Machines, 

UPRIGHT  DRILLS, 

With  G  eared  Heads,  Automatic 
Feed,  quick  return  to  Spindles; 
Multiple  and  Lever  Drills;  Black- 
smith and  Carriage  Makers'  Drills; 
Post  Drills  to  run  by  hand  or  power. 
Radial  Drills,  Suspension  Drills 
with  geared  head.  Automatic  Feed. 

PATENT 

Screw  Pulley  Blocks, 

Unrivalled  for  Durability,  Safety 
and  Power. 

N.  15th  St.  and  Pennsylvania   Av. 

Philadelphia,  Pa. 


MANUFACTURED  UNDER  A    NOBEL'S   ORIGINAL  AND  ONLY  VALID   NITRO-GLYCERINE  PATENTS  ' 

Nos.  ONE,    TWO    and    THREE. 

Stronger,    Better  and  Safer  than  any  other  High  Explosive. 

JrjLcLson    Powder 

IS  NOW  USED  IN  ALL  LARGE  HYDRAULIC  CLAIMS. 

It  breaks  more  ground,    pulverizes  it  better,   saves  time  and   money,   and  is    superseding    the    ordinary 
powder  wherever  it  is  tried.     4arTriple  Force  Caps  and  all  Grades  of  Fuse. 

BANDMANN,    NIELSEN    &    CO..  San  Francisco. 


ft.  S.  HALLIDIE. 

nia^Street, 


Office,  No.  6  Ca 

SAM  T&AN 


Iron  and  Steel  Wire  Rope, 

Flat  and  Round,  forMining^hJppwg, 
Hoisting  and  GjpeKqTxufposes. 


Having  the 

Win 


moat  carTTplete  J^sraextenaiyg 
rks  ii)  theWJni ted  States.  I  am 
Ktnre  Wire  Rope  and  Cables 
JengTh  or  size  at  short  notice,  and  gnar* 
intee  the  quality  and  -workmanship  equal  to 
any  made  at  home  or  abroajbr^v 

Iron,  Steel-a^GWJizerJ  Wire 

Of  allE&es  o\  Mn\or-Kado  to  order, 

Barljeff' rence  jpiir 

Sole  Prop: 

HalMe/< 

thi 

*2TSenM>r  a^Circular. 

A.  S.  HAIXIDXE. 

Office,  Ho.  6  California-  St.,  Ban  Francisco 


sway, 

Tot  Ores.  Etc. 


Engraving  done  at  this  office, 


W.   T.   GARRATT'S 

BRASS  and  BELL  FOUNDRY 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 
MANUFACTURER  AND  IMPORTER  OF 

Church  and  Steamboat  BELLS  and  GONGS 
BRASS  CASTINGS  of  all  kinds. 
WATER  GATES,   GAS  GATES, 
FIRE  HYDRANTS, 

DOCK  HYDRANTS, 

GARDEN  HYDRANTS 

General   Assortment    ot    Engineers'   Findings. 

Hooker's    Patent 
Celebrated 

STEAM  PUMP 

aSTThe  Best  and  Most 
Durable  in  use.  Also, 
a  variety  of  other 

PUMPS 

For  Mining'  and  Farm- 
ing Purposes. 

ROOT'S  BLAST  BLOWERS, 

For  Ventilating  Mines  and  for  Smelting  Works. 

HYDRAULIC    PIPES    AND     NOZZLES, 

For  Mining  Purposes. 

Garratt's    Improved     Journal    Metal. 

IMPORTER  OF 

IRON  PIPE  AND  MALLEABLE    IRON    FITTINGS. 

ALL  KINDS  OF 

WORK  AND  COMPOSITION  NAILS, 

AT  LOWEST  RATES. 


Dewey  &  Co{2B002mes|?;}Patent  Ag'ts 


April  12,  1879.J 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS 


241 


Arizona.— No.  3. 

[Written  for  the  Pnxsn  by  W.  H.  6.] 

The  B\g  Bug   Mining  District 
Ii  located  about  25  miles  southerly   from  Pres- 
oott.     It   is  reached   by  a  good  road  down   the 
AguaFria,  called  the  Black  Canyon  road,  thence 
by  a  side  road  to  Big  Bug  creek  and  mines. 

This  creek  runs  nearly  east  and  west.  The 
principal  mines  in  this  district  are  situated  on 
the  south  side  of  a  range  of  mountains  that  run 
along  the  north  side  of  Big  Bug  creek,  in  what 
may  be  called  an  open  cauyuu,  which  is  easy  to 
reach  with  loaded  wagons  at  all  seasons  of  the 
year  by  the  road  I  have  described. 

These  mines  are  peculiarly  well  situated  on 
account  of  their  accessibility  and  the  proximity 
of  wood  and  a  fair  supply  of  water  obtainable 
for  most  parts  of  the  year  from  Big  Bug  creek, 
a  running  stream  heading  in  the  mouutaius  at 
the  upper  end  of  the  canyon,  where  there  ib 
heavy  pine  timber  in  abundance  both  for  min- 
ing purposes  and  general  use.  It  ib  the  inten- 
tion of  Prof.  Cherry,  who  is  opening  some  of  the 
old  mines  here  and  developing  new  ones  in  the 
interest  of  Chicago  parties,  to  put  iu  a  saw  null 
to  cut  lumber,  not 
only  for  their  own 
use  but  also  for  the 
general  market.  He 
also  expects  to  have 
a  10-stamp  gold  mill 
at  work  on  these 
ores  in  a  short  time. 

The  principal 
mines  centering  upon 
Big  Bug  creek  are 
the  Eugenia,  Orion, 
Middlesex,  Worm- 
eers,  Tride  of  Big 
Bug  and  Hock. 
Island,  which  are  on 
one  continuous  ledge 
prospected  and 
worked  to  some  ex- 
tent fur  9,000  feet. 
This  may  be  called 
the  upper  ledge,  on 
the  south  side  of  the 
divide  already  men- 
tioned, of  the  range 
north  of  the  creek. 
Lower  down  and 
nearer  the  creek  is 
another  ledge  run- 
ning parallel  to  the 
upper  one,  and 
plainly  traceable  for 
8,000  feet.  On  this 
ledge  are  located  the 
May  and  Grace, 
Amity,  Isabella, 
Isabella  Extension, 
L  u  e  1 1  a  and  Crown 
Point.  Higher  up, 
but  still  on  the 
southern  slope  and  a 
little  to  the  east, 
will  be  found  the  Big 
Bugmine,St.  Ursula, 
Oversight,  Vulcan 
and  Ironsides.  The 
St.  Ursula  seems  to 
be  a  continuation  of 
the  Big  Bug  ledge, 
theothera  apparently 
parallel  ledges.  Over 
the  divide,  on  the 
north  side  of  the 
range,  are  located 
the  Ticonderoga,  Independence,  Galena  and 
Dividend.  These  are  all  gold  mines,  and 
the  Big  Bug,  Eugenia,  Orion,  Amity  and 
Isabella,  have  been  worked  to  a  considerable 
extent  and  a  large  amount  of  bullion  taken  out. 
The  Big  Bug  ore  assumes  some  peculiar  forms, 
running  into  a  very  dark  color  nearly  as  black 
as  anthracite  coal,  and  abounding  in  beautiful 
quartz  crystals  and  iron  cubes.  The  Vulcan  is 
an  iron-capped  mine  and  abounds  in  copper  and 
free  gold.  The  Rock.  Island  shows  a  strong 
ledge  of  white  quartz,  but  has  not  been  opened 
to  any  great  extent.  The  mines  on  the  lower 
ledge  are  of  decomposed  quartz  permeated  with 
iron  stains.  In  fact  iron,  in  various  forms,  is  a 
prominent  feature  in  most  of  these  mines. 

Still  further  north,  where  the  range  drops 
away  into  the  valley  of  the  Agua  Fria,  are 
located  the  Kit  Carson,  Silver  Flake,  Silver 
Belt,  Ida  May,  Agua  Fria  and  Agua  Fria  North. 
The  engraving  will  show  the  location  of  the 
principal  mines. 

These  are  all  silver  mines.  The  Silver  Belt  is 
opened  by  a  shaft  to  a  depth  of  more  than  100 
feet,  and  by  several  drifts  on  different  levels. 
The  vein  is  small,  but  rich  in  sulphurets  and 
horn  silver,  and  strong  in  galena.  The  ore  is 
being  worked  at  the  Agua  Fria  smelter,  about 
three  miles  from  the  mine,  where  plenty  of 
water  is  obtainable  at  all  seasons  of  the  year. 
Most  of  the  other  mines  of  this  group  have  been 
well  opened,  but  little  or  nothing  is  being 
done  upon  them  at  present.  Both  Bides  of  the 
divide  appear  to  be  seamed  with  mineral-bear- 
ing veins,  their  generai  direction  being  north- 
east and  southwest. 

The  mines  on  Big  Bug  creek  were  operated 
during  the  era  of  Indian  hostilities  by  Hitch- 
cock &  Gray,  and  to  illustrate  the  enormous  ex- 
pense incurred  in  working  them  at  that  time, 


it  ia  said  that  35  centa  a  pound  represented  the 
average  price  charged  for  everything  in  the  na- 
ture of  supplies,  whether  it  was  tiuur,  beans  or 
bacon.  A  t«u-stamp  mill  which  they  built 
there  cost  them,  I  was  told,  S75.000.  A  be ttcr 
one  could  be  put  tliore  to-day  for  less  than 
$10,000.  The  miners  ill  those  days  were  kept 
constantly  on  the  alert  by  Indian  raids,  and 
many  a  bold  pioneer  and  venturesome  proapec 
tor  met  his  death  at  the  hands  of  the  wily  sav- 
age and  now  sleeps  iu  sumo  nameless  grave  on 
mountain  side  or  in  deep  canyon.  They  were 
brave,  hardy  men,  the.  advance  guard  of 
<  civilization,  and  little  thought  they  would 
bo  soon  bo  followed  by  the  stage  coach  aud 
mail,  then  by  the  railroad  with  its  drawing- 
room  cart  aud  the  telegraph  with  its  lightning 
messages,  opening  up  these  rough  and  rugged 
hills  and  isolated  valleys  to  all  the  world. 


Truth  to  Home  Seekers. 

The  telegraph  has  been  laden  during  the 
week  with  accounts  of  a  widespread  movement 
anong  the  blacks  iu  some  of  the  Southern 
Suites  toward  the  prairies  of  Texas  and  Kansas. 
Inspired  by  the  idea  which  has  been  industri- 
ously promulgated  that  iu  the  new  States  they 
would  be  much  more  happily  and  prosperously 
located,   these  ignorant  and  poor  negroes  have 


due    connection  of    the  price    and  effort    at 

which  success  ia  attained.    No  skillfully  painted 

fiicture  which  conceals  the  rough  natural  objects 
rum  the  UudsCMM  is  true  to  art ;  rather  ia  it 
the  triumph  of  the  artist  to  depict  these,  that 
nature's  balance  of  the  ro-.igh  and  the  smooth 
way  bo  maintained.  Thus  it  is  with  truth. 
Let  us  have  it  absolute.  Let  it  present  the 
facts  of  a  location  or  an  industry  as  they  exist. 
For  men's  affairs  are  mueh  as  nature's  work  ; 
both  have  their  favor  and  disfavor,  their  Bun 
aud  storm,  and  he  who  represses  either  from  his 
re  pre  sen  tat  ion  is  false  to  himself  and  an  enemy 
to  his  fellow  men.  In  such  matters  do  not  let 
self  interest  crush  the  humanity  out  of  man. 
It  is  a  serious  thing  to  influence  a  fellow-being, 
and  lie  only  can  do  it  with  a  cltar  conscience, 
if  he  have  a  coneeience  at  alt,  who  makes  whole 
truths  his  instruments,  and  truth  itself  his 
guide.  This  is  true,  even  in  the  passing  events 
of  a  day's  importance,  and  a  thousand  times 
more  true  when  applied  to  matters  which  may 
turn  the  course  of  lives.  A  home,  to  him  who 
has  one,  is  too  happy  and  important  a  thing  to 
unsettle,  unless  the  act  is  done  with  full  view 
of  the  probabilities  which  the  change  involves. 
Aud  this  question,  fortunate  for  it  in  this 
gold-struck  age,  has  other  grounds  than  those 
of  abstract  morals  and  humanitarism  on  which 
to  urge  its  claims.  It  is  plaiu  from  the  experi- 
ence of  all  new  communities  that  those  incomers 
are  most  valuable   who  arrive   with    temperate 


DIAGRAM    SHOWING    THE    LOCATION    OP    SOME    OF    THE    MINES    OF    BIG    BUG    DISTRICT.    ARIZONA. 


taken  up  an  hegira  from  their  old  homes  and 
throng  all  avenues  of  transportation  through 
Arkansas  and  Missouri.  They  are  moving  by 
the  thousands,  and  most  of  them  are  so  poor 
that  they  can  but  half  make  the  journey  they 
intended.  Homeless  and  hungry  they  have 
filled  St.  Louis,  unable  to  go  farther,  unable  to 
return,  unable  to  live  where  they  are,  Bave  by 
the  band  of  charity.  The  spectacle  is  a  sad  one 
to  contemplate.  The  South  is  robbed  of  her 
needed  labor  element ;  the  West  is  not  enriched 
by  a  legacy  of  paupers.  Mistaken,  misguided, 
doubtless  imposed  upon  by  some  heartless  people 
who  had  money  to  make  from  land  sales  or 
transportation,  this  throng  of  Africans  has  lost 
one  home  without  gaining  another,  and  the 
homeless  ones  are  a  burden  to  themselves  and 
to  the  places  into  which  they  have  come. 

This  is  an-  aggravated  case  of  unfortunate 
spread  of  emigration  fever.  It  is  comparatively 
easy  to  start  the  disease.  Glowing  descriptions, 
unqualified  promises,  visions  of  El  Dorados  in- 
spired by  printed  accounts  or  voiced  by  hired 
speakers,  will  Btir  an  old  established  community 
to  its  foundations,  and  as  the  venturesome 
spirit  rises  it  impells  to  motion  both  those  who 
should  and  those  who  should  not  move.  It  is  a 
matter  of  great  moment  to  many  fellowmen. 
No  one  who  has  a  spark  of  humanity  will  en- 
gage in  any  movement  which  carries  its  points 
by  propagation  of  rose-colored  and  partial  state- 
ments, calculated  to  excite  people  from  happy 
and  prosperous  homes.  There  is  only  ooe  true 
way  to  present  the  claims  of  any  part  of  the 
footstool  which  it  is  desired  to  populate  by 
emigration  from  the  older  settlements,  and  that 
is  to  set  forth  the  exaot  truth.  No  desirability 
of  location  and  natural  advantages  is  so  pure 
that  it  has  no  qualities  of  leaa  or  opposite  char- 
acter.   No  success  should  be  described  without 


views  of  local  advantages  and  full  confidence 
that  success  is  a  thing  to  be  labored  for.  These 
are  the  men  who  meet  their  payments  for  lands, 
who  surround  their  homes  with  valuable  im- 
provements; in  short,  build  up  the  community 
in  permanent  growth  and  increase.  The  wild, 
the  visionary,  the  volatile,  caught  by  the  glare 
of  roseate  representations,  fade  and  vanish  be- 
fore the  test  of  actual  and  persistent  endeavor, 
even  in  situations  where  endeavor  ripens  fruit 
most  quickly.  Sorry  indeed  it  is  for  them  that 
they  were  ever  tempted  from  the  confines  of 
their  native  towns.  But  not  alone  those  natu- 
rally volatile  and  visionary  are  caught  by  the 
unscrupulous  persuader.  Earnest,  honest  men 
are  often  led  to  sacrifice  a  measure  of  prosperity 
in  order  to  obtain  promised  fullness,  but  which 
they  fail  to  reach  because  they  cannot  surmount 
the  difficulties  of  the  task  under  new  condi- 
tions. These  men  too  had  better  been  Bpared 
the  change,  and  often  full  truths  would  have 
dismayed  aud  discouraged  them  from  fruitless 
undertakings. 

Reduction  Works  for  Sale. — An  advertise- 
ment in  another  column  announces  that  the 
Melrose  Reduction  Works  are  offered  for  sale. 
These  works  were  erected  at  considerable  ex- 
pense. They  lie  beside  the  track  of  the  Central 
Pacific  railroad,  and  are  consequently  very  ac- 
cessible. The  property  is  worth  the  attention 
of  any  who  wish  to  invest  in  this  line, 

Buffalo  Ranches. — Now  that  it  has  been 
shown  that  the  wild  buffalo  can  be  domesticated 
and  made  as  servicable  as  the  ox  and  the  cow, 
a  Black  Hills  paper  suggest b  that  the  Yellow- 
stone and  the  Big  Horn  valleys  be  used  as  re- 
serves for  raising  these  animals. 


Present  Aspect  of  the  Quicksilver  ftues 
tion. 

The  combination  proposed  for  restricting  the 
California  product  of  quicksilver,  referred  toby 
us  a  few  weeks  since  as  having  been  about  per- 
fected, seems  to  have  failed  of  a  final  consum- 
mation. The  scheme  however  without  being 
abandoned,  remains  in  statu  quo,  with  the  chances 
in  favor  of  its  being  ultimately  carried  out 
At  the  time  alluded  to  every  considerable  com- 
pany in  California  was  understood  to  have 
given  in  their  adherence  to  the  plan  except  one, 
whose  active  representative  was  then  absent 
from  the  city.  On  his  return  this  party,  con- 
trary to  general  expectation,  declined  to  come 
into  the  arrangement,  thereby  necessarily  caus- 
ing its  further  postponement,  a  single  large 
company  refusing  to  co-operate  being  sufficient 
to  reuder  the  scheme  inoperative.  One  of  the 
reasons  assigned  by  this  party  for  holding  aloof 
from  this  association  of  producers  was,  that 
there  were  then  many  lots  of  quicksilver  being 
held  by  outside  parties  in  London,  and  which, 
the  moment  any  advance  iu  prices  occurred 
here,  would  be  at  once  thrown  upon  the  New 
York  market,  supplying  the  Eastern  demand  to 
the  exclusion  of  the  California  product.  This 
objection,  which 
seemed  well  taken  at 
the  time,  has  Bince 
been  deprived  of  its 
force,  these  second- 
hand lots  having 
lately  been  about  all 
cleared  off,  leaving 
the  Bothtchilds,  as 
aforetime,  sole 
masters  of  the 
London  market. 

Notwithstand- 
ing we  see  it  stated 
that  these  merchant 
princes  have  agreed 
to  lay  down  this 
article  in  New  York 
free  of  expense,  at 
£6  per  flask,  scarcely 
39  cents  per  pound, 
there  is  little  doubt 
but  they  may  be 
induced  toco-operato 
with  these  Califor- 
nia companies  in  an 
effort  to  save  the 
busineas  from  ruin- 
ous or  even  profitless 
competition.  In  this 
view  of  the  situation 
the  c  h  a  n  ce  b  for 
bringing  about  some 
concerted  action 
looking  to  that  end 
are  certainly  greater. 
Under  ordinary  eir- 
c  u  m  s  t  a  n  c  e  a  the 
Rothschilds  have  a 
practical  monopoly 
of  this  metal  on  the 
other  side,  the 
Spanish  government 
having  mortgaged 
to  them  the  product 
of  the  mines  of 
Almaden  for  30 
years,  21  of  which 
remain  unexpired. 
Under  this  agree- 
ment the  minimum 
price  to  be  received 
by  the  government  is 
£6  per  flask.  How 
are  to  deliver  it  in 
figure  will  be  a  puzzle 
inasmuch  as  they 
the    transaction 


then  the  purchasers 
New  York  at  that 
to  the  mercantile  mind 
must  be  out  of  pocket  by 
to  the  amount  of  commissions,  freight  and  in- 
surance, at  least.  This  is  not  the  way  the 
Rothschilds  are  apt  to  do  business,  forcing  us 
to  conclude  that  there  must  be  some  mistake  in 
regard  to  the  above  statement. 

Never  as  yet  has  the  price  of  quicksilver 
fallen  as  low  as  £6  in  the  London  market,  the 
lowest  quotations,  at  least  for  many  years  past, 
being  £6  17s,  which  figures  ruled  for  a  portion 
of  1868-69.  For  a  long  time  the  London  and 
San  Francisco  markets  have  been  in  such  close 
sympathy  as  to  warrant  the  belief  that  they 
can,  with  a  little  good  management,  be  main- 
tained in  harmony  instead  of  becoming  antago- 
nistic to  each  other.  Being  duty  free  the  prices 
at  which  this  commodity  has  sold  here  and  in 
England  have  corresponded  very  nearly 
throughout  a  long  series  of  years.  The  rates  at 
which  quicksilver  can  profitably  be  made  in  this 
State  and  at  Almaden,  the  principal  mines  in 
Europe,  do  not  greatly  differ;  for  while  they 
have  at  the  latter  cheaper  labor  and  richer  ores, 
we  enjoy  the  advantage  of  more  mints  and  a 
la-ge  home  market.  As  the  large  companies  in 
California  and  this  English  house  virtually  com- 
mand the  quicksilver  markets  of  the  world,  it  ia 
altogether  likely  that  they  will  be  able  to  agree 
upon  a  policy  which,  while  it  keeps  the  demand 
fully  supplied,  will  save  themselves  from  dead 
loss. 

At  a  late. meeting  of  the  Bullion  club,  in  New 
York,  Col.  Dean  expressed  the  opiuion  that  the 
leading  managers  on  the  Comstock  had  knowl- 
edge of  the  existence  of  three  valuable  ore 
bodies  recently  developed  on  that  lode. 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[April  12,   1879. 


Barlow  J.  Smith.  M.  D. 

Consulting    Physician, 

Professor  of  Phrenology  and 
Mental  Hygiene. 

Proprietor  of  the  Smithsonian  Medical  and  Phrenologica 
Institute,  635  California  Street,  above  Kearny. 

This  Institute,  by  combining  medical  hygiene  with  the 
various  Water  Cure  treatments  and  the  most  powerful  Elec- 
trized ■iorseshoe  Magnet  in  the  world,  claims  to  cure  speed- 
ily ana  permanently  all  forms  of  acute  or  chronic  nervo- 
vital  derangements,  Brain,  Spinal  and  Heart  diseases,  St. 
Vitus  Dance,  Palsy,  Epilepsy  and  all  Rheumatic,  Liver  and 
Kidney  troubles.  The  institution  has  for  the  past  20  years 
made  a  specialty  of  treating  all  forms  of  weaknesses  and  dis- 
eases neculiar  t*  males  and  females.  Bytheuse  of  hygienic 
remedies  and  electro-motorpathy  the  worst  forms  of  impo- 
tency  and  seminal  weakness  in  males  and  sterility  in  fe- 
males are  speedily  and  permanently  overcome.  Hygienic 
board,  with  or  without  rooms.  Terms  moderate.  Electro- 
thermal, Russo-Turkish  and  Medicated  Baths   given  daily. 

Mrs.  Dr.  Smith  as  Matron  has  charge  of  the  female  bath- 
ing department. 

DR.  Smith  has  practiced  Phrenology  the  past  30  years, 
and  during  the  last  20  vears  has  been  constantly  using  the 
science  connected  with  Physiognomy,  in  examining  or  diag- 
nosing disease  in  this  city,  and  claims  to  have  made  discov- 
eries in  the  Science  of  Phrenology  that  enables  him,  by  an 
examination  of  the  head,  even  blindfolded,  to  determine  the 
disease  to  which  the  parson  is  constitutionally  Bubject,  or 
whether  the  disease  at  the  time  afflicting  the  person,  is  the 
result  of  accident  or  hereditary  weakness  ;  whether  Con- 
sumptive, Dyspeptic,  Rheumatic,  Apoplectic,  Neu- 
ralgic. LEUCORRHCEAL,or  Seminal.  Especially  does  the 
form  of  the  head  indicate  the  strength  of  the  uterine,  geni- 
tal or  reproductive  system.  The  head  is  also  an  index  of  the 
natural  strength  of  the  lungs,  heart,  stomach,  liver,  kidneys, 
spleen,  back  or  vertebra,  and  it  determines  the  power  of  the 
system  in  warding  off  and  overcoming  disease  of  all  kinds. 

Ladies  or  gentlemen,  desirous  of  obtaining  a  thorough  and 
correct  Phrenological  examinations  with  Fowler  and  Wells' 
harts,  will  meet  with  a  respecful  reception  at  his  consulting 
rooms.  Parties  can  depend  upon  a  reliable  delineation  of 
the  character  of  their  intimate  male  or  female  friends,  by 
presenting  a  clearly  defined  photograph. 

Phrenological  or  Physiognomical  examinations  without 
charts,  SI.  50  ;  with  chartB.  from  §2  to  S3, 

INVITATION  TO  INVALIDS 
And  all  persons  who  are  in  any  way  out  of  health,  who  de- 
sire to  know  the  nature  and  causes  of  their  disease,  may 
avail  themselves  of  an  examination  through  phrenology  in 
regard  to  health  free  of  charge,  between  the  hours  of  9  A.  M. 
and  8  p.  m.    Sundays  from  9  a  m.  to  12  M. 


WASHING!  WASHING! 


Prices  Reduced!  Prices  Reduced! 


La  Grande  Laundry, 

18th  Street,  Between  Folsom  and  Howard. 
PRINCIPAL  OFFICE, 

648  Market  Street,   S.  F. 

Office  open  from  7  A.  u.  to  9  P.  M.  Saturdays  to  11  P.  M. 
Washing;  called  for  and  delivered  to  any  part  of  the  city 
free  of  charge. 

All  orders  receive  prompt  attention.  For  circular  and 
price  List  apply  at  the  Office, 

648  Market  St.,  San  Francisco. 


MANUFACTURED  BY 


ZE3I.   ROYER, 

Nob.  855,  857,  859  &  801  Bryant  Street,  Cor.  Park  Avenue 
SAN    FRANCISCO. 


w 


ell  Drilling,  Boring, 

M-ineral  Prospecting  sad  Slurrying  Tools. 

Highest  Awnrrt  nt  Ontcnnlnl  Exhibition.  The  best  and  most 
practical  well-burin^  Ma^tiiuer.v  la  tho  world.  Qukk-aaiid,  bouldora 
and  rook  easily  handled.    Address 

California  Artesian  Well  &  Mining  Co. 

202  Sansome  Street,  San  Francisco,  Cat; 
E.  P.  HILL,  Manager.  3,  W.  E.  1IJ.LL,  Engineer. 

Dealers  in  Well- Augers,  Hods- Drills,  Wind- 
Mills,  Pumps  and  Hydraulic  Machinery,  and 
Contractors  for  Artesian  [Mowing)  Wells  of 
any  depth  to  3000  feet, 

Utlochineu  and  Wells  can  bo  scon  Id  operation  ) 

JfS-AQENIS  WANTED.*^ 


htejit? 


OBTAINED  IN  U.  S.  AND  FOREIGN 
COUNTRIES;  trademarks,  labels  and  copy- 
rights registered  through  DEWEY  &  CO. 'S 
Mining  and  Scientific^  Press  Patent 
Agency,  Baa  Francisco.  Send  for  free  circular 


SAVE    YOUR    GOLD! 

o 

Highly  Important  to  Miners  and  Quartz  Mill  Men! 

SILVER    PLATED    AMALGAMATING    PLATES. 

The  best  process  yet  discovered  for  saving  line  or  float  gold.  Extensively  used  with  great 
success  in  gravel  and  placer  mining  in  various  parts  of  the  Pacific  Coast.  Over  five  hundred 
orders  have  been  filled,  and  the  demand  is  constantly  increasing.  A  large  number  of  these  Plates 
were  sent  to  Snake  River  mines,  Idaho,  last  year,  and  a  great  many  orders  are  being  filled  for 
them  this  season.  Circulars  containing  full  instructions  for  working  these  Plates  sent  with  each 
order.  Old  Mining  Plates  bought  or  taken  in  exchange  for  new  Silver  Plated  Plate?,  and  full 
value  allowed.  Gold  extracted  from  old  Plates  at  a  moderate  cost  by  a  new  and  economical  pro- 
cess.    Old  Plates  (which  often  contain  a  surplus  of  gold  above  the  cost  of  plating)  can  be  re-plated. 

With  the  most  extensive  facilities  on  the  Pacific  Coast,  orders  can  be  filled  very  promptly 
and  satisfaction  guaranteed. 

Mining  Men  and  the  public  generally  are  cautioned  against  unprincipled  and  irre- 
sponsible parties  traveling  through  the  country,  endeavoring  to  secure  orders  for  very 
inferior  qualities  of  Silver  Plated  Mining  Plates. 

SAN  FRANCISCO  GOLD,  SILVER,  NICKEL  AND  COPPER  PLATING  WORKS, 

Nos.   653  and   655  Mission  Street,   San  Francisco,   Cal. 
EDWARD    G.    DENNISTON, PROPRIETOR. 


Kniglit's  A^a^ter    "Wheel, 


Patented    January    12th,    1875. 


Efto 

»&SS§ 

•J  (JOE}® 


The  KNIG-HT  WHEEL  is  used  in  the  following  named  Mills  and  Hoist- 
ing" Works,  to  which  the  Public  are  referred: 


1-Eight-foot  wheel,  running:  Oneida  Co.'s  Mill,  Amador 

county,  Cal. ;  00  stamps.     Rob't  Robinson,  Supt.  i 
1-Ei^ht-foot  wheel,  running  Con.   Amador  Mining  Co.'s 

Mill,  Amador  county,  Cal.;- 40  stamps  and  two  Hepburn 

pans.    David  Davis,  Supt. 
1-Eight-foot  wheel,  running  Lincoln  Gold  Mining  Co.'s 

Mill,  Amador  County,  Cal. ;  40  stamps. 
1-Eight-foot  wheel   running  pump  at  same    company's 

mine.     S.  D.  R.  Stewart,  Supt. 
1-Eight-foot  wheel,  running  Keystone   Con.    Mining  Co.'s 

Mill,  Amador  county,  Cal. ;  40  stamps. 
2-Four  and  one-half  foot  wheels,  used  in  hoisting  by  re- 
versible water  power  at  same  company's  mine.    O.  C. 

Hewitt,  Supt. 
1-Four  and  one-half  foot  wheel,  running  Original  Co.'s 

Mill,  Amador  County,  Cal.;  40  stamps,   one  pan,  one 

rock-breaker.     J.  R.  Johns,  Supt. 
1-Four-foot  wheel,  running  Gover  Mining  Co.'s  new  mill, 

Amador  county,  Cal. ;  20  stamps. 
1-Eight-foot  wheel,  running  same  company's  old  mill;  10 

stamps.     John  Palmer,  Supt. 
1-Six-foot  wheel,    running  Talisman  Mining  Co.'s  Mill, 

Amador  county,  Cal.;  10  stamps. 
1-Eight-foot  wheel,  hoisting  and  driving  pump  at  saVne 

company's  mine.     John  Tregloan,  Supt. 
1-Four  and  one-half  foot  wheel,  running  Bunker  Hill  Min- 
ing Co.'s  Mill,  Amador  county,  Cal.;  10  stamps.     John 

Palmer,  Supt. 


1-Slx-foot  wheel,  running  St.  Patrick's  Mill,  Newcastle, 
Placer  county,  Cal.;  15  stamps.     Jno.  Townsend,  Supt, 

1-Eight  foot  wheel,  hoisting  and  running-  pump,  compres- 
sor and  hoisting  at  Sheba  Silver  Mining  Co.'s  mine, 
State  of  Nevada. 

1-Four  and  one-half  foot  wheel,  running  Luck  Q.  M.  Co.'s 
Mill;  10  stamps;  Oregon. 

1-Four  and  one-half  foot  wheel,  running  Republic  Mill, 
Nevada  county,  Cal.;  20  stamps.    E.  H.  Dyer,  Supt. 

1-Six-foot  water  wheel  running  at  the  Plumas  Eureka 
Mill,  Cal.,  48  stamps,  2  pans,  ?  ore-breakers  and  22  con- 
centrators. 

1-Eight-foot  water  wheel  running  40  stamps  for  the  same 
Company.     Wm.  Johns,  Sup't. 

4-Six-foot  water  wheels  running  the  Sierra  Buttes  Mills, 
Sierra  Co.,  Cal.     Wm.  Johns,  Sup't. 

2-Six-foot  and  2  four  and  one-half-foot  wheels  running 
Soulsby  G.  M.  Co.'s  Mills,  hoisting^and  pumping  works, 
Sonora,  Tuolumne  County.  Cal.     J.  Leechman,  Sup't. 

1-Six-foot  water  wheel  running  Providence  20-stamp  mill, 
Nevada  C'ty,  Cal, 

1-Four  and  onc-half-foot  wheel  running  DeFrees  Mill, 
Tuscarora  District,  Nevada. 

1-Six-foot  water  wheel  running  20  stamps  at  Julian  mine, 
Newcastle,  Placer  Co.,  Cal.    A.  H.  Schnabel,  Prop'r. 

1-Six-foot  water  wheel  running  Mammoth  Mill,  30  stamps 
and  14  pans  und  ore-breakers,  Mammoth  Lake  District, 
Mono  Co.,  Cal.     Clark,  Sup't. 


£3TOrders  can  be  filled  at  short  notice,  or  further  information  given,  by  addressing  the  undersigned. T£3l 

Almarin  B.  Paul,  Agt.,  KNIGHT  «fc  CO., 

Boom  20,  Safe  Deposit  Building,  San  Francisco.  Sutter  Creek,  Amador  County,  Cal. 

W.  H.  H.  BOWERS  &  CO.,  Agents,  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah. 


hi$i|ie$$  birectory. 


WM.    BARTLIHO.  HENRY   KIMBALL 

BARTLING-    &    KIMBALL, 
BOOKBINDERS, 

Paper  Rulers  &  Blank  Book  Manufacturers. 
505  Clay  Street,  (southwest  corner  Sansome), 

BAN   FRANCISCO. 


Lewis  Peterson. 


John  Olsson. 


PETERSON   &  OLSSON, 

Model  Makers,  and  Manufacturers  of  Em-> 

blematic  Signs.    Models  for  the  Patent 

Office,  in  Wood  or  Metal,  a  Specialty, 

NO-    328   BUSH   STREET, 

Bet.  Montgomery  and  Kearny,  (up  stairs),  San  Francisco. 
All  kinds  of  tin,  copper  and  brass  work  made  to  order. 


San  Francisco  Cordage  Company. 

Established    1856. 

We  have  just  added  a  large  amount  of  new  machinery  of 
the  latest  and  most  improved  kind,  and  are  again  prepared 
to  fill  orders  for  Rope  of  any  special  lengths  and  sizes.  Con- 
stantly on  hand  a  large  stock  of  Manila  Rope,  all  sizes; 
Tarred  Manila  Rope;  Hay  Rope;  Whale  Line,  etc  ,  etc. 

TUBBS    &   CO., 
611  and  613  Front  Street,  San  Francisco 


JOHN    A.    CHURCH, 
MINING    ENGINEER, 

COLUMBUS,  OHIO. 


C.    L.   GILLER, 
SEAL    ENGRAVER    AND    DIE    SINKER, 

No.  430  MONTGOMERY  STREET,  S.  F. 

The  beat  Work  done  on  the  moat  reasonable  terms  on 
the  Coast. 


TTSTTIR,^1! ! ! 

IT    PAYS 

Three  to  Four  Per  Cent,  per  day 

—  TO  — 

Cover  Boilers,  Pipes  and  Drums  with 


Hi'W..  JOHNS'  PATENT. 


Materials  % 


USE 


IIQIII3  PAINTS,  ROOFING,  BOILER  COVERINGS, 

Steam  Packing,  Sheadings,  Flra  Proof  Coatings,  Cements. 

SEND  FOR  SAMPLES,  ILLOSTRATEO  PAMPHLET  AND  price  LIST 

H.W.JOHNS  IH'F'G  Co.,  87MAIDEN  LANE,  N.Y. 

PACIFIC  COAST  BRANCH, 

FRED  M.  PATBICK,  Manager, 

B  First  Street,  San  BVancisoo. 


MANHATTAN  FIRE  BRICK   AND   CLAY  RETORT  WORKS, 

ADAM    WEBBER,    PROPRIETOR. 
Office— No.    633    East   15th    Street,    New    York 

CLAY  GAS  RETORTS,  (Glazed  and  Unglazed,)  GAS  HOUSE  TILES,  FIRE  BRICK 
BLOCKS,  ETC.,  FIRE  CLAY  AND  SAND  ALWAYS  ON  HAND. 

ASSAY  MUFFLES  AND  FURNACES. 

CUPOLA  BRICKS  FOR    McKENZIE  AND  OTHER  CUPOLAS. 
(Refer  to  the  San  Francisco  Gas  Light  Company  and  to  the  Paoiflc  RolUngMills.) 


PRINTER'S   PROOF  PRESS, 

COMPLETE   AND    IN    GOOD    WORKING    ORDER, 
For  Sale  at  this  office, 

AT   THE    LOW    PRICE    OF    £37-50. 

£3TCall  and  see  it.  TEA 


FOB  SALE.  —  4-sided  6-inch  Molding  Machine. 
Jackson's  Agricultural  Machine  Works,  S.  E.  corner  6th 
and  Bluxome  Sts.,  San  Francisco. 


WANTED-$10,000. 

For  310,000  cash  in  hand  I  will  give  a  one-half  interest 
In  the  BLUE  JAY  and  ELEPHANT  QUARTZ  mines, 
situated  in  the  French  Creek  Mining  District,  Siskiyou 
County,  Cal.  And  I  will  take  or  give  a  lease  on  said 
mines,  and  pay  or  receive  eight  per  cent,  on  the  amount 
invested.  For  further  particulars  apply  to  H.  C.  Cory, 
Etna  Mills,  Siskiyou  County,  California. 


Engraving  done  at  this  office, 


CAUTION 

To  Hydraulic  Miners. 

The  public  generally  and  Hydraulic  Miners  especially 
are  hereby  notified  that  any  parties  making  or  using  the 
contrivance  known  as  the  HOSKIN  DEFLECTOR  will  be 
prosecuted  to  the  full  extent  of  the  law,  said  machine 
having  been  declared  by  the  U.  S.  Circuit  Court  an  in- 
fringement upon  my  patent,  the 

Bloomfield  Deflecting  Nozzle. 

The  public  are  also  cautioned  against  using  the  Hoakln 
Deflector  because  of  its  danger  to  life  and  limb,  this  do 
vice  having  already  occasioned  several  deaths  and  other 
serious  accidents.  Tho  BLOOMFIELD  DEFLECTOR  is 
entirely  safe,  its  two  and  a  half  years  use  without  acci- 
dent, as  well  as  its  construction,  proves  it  to  be  a  reliable 
contrivance. 

Any  parties  wishing  to  purchase  the  right  to  use  these 
Deflectors  can  do  so  by  applying  to  the  undersigned, 

HENRY  C.  PERKINS, 
North  Bloomfield,  Nevada  Co.,  Cal.,  Octo- 
ber 1st,  1878. 


r  palace  t 
estauran! 


This  elegant  and  spa 
clous  S.  F.  Restaurant 
has  been  re-opened  with 
superior  bill  of  fare  dai- 


ESTAURAN  1  ReXcedTnces 


218  Sansome  St. 


ly,  and  is  now  the  best 
andmost  popular  dining 
saloon  on  this  Coast. 
(Lunch  ready  at  10  a.  m.]  Resident  business  men  and  visi- 
tors from  abroad  will  be  wise  In  giving  this  place  an  early 
call.    Examine  bill  of  fare  and  prices. 

HERMAN  H.  HORST,  Prop'r. 


April  12,  1879. j 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


243 


Metallurgy  apd  dreg, 

Nevada    Metallurgical    Works, 

No.  23   STEVENSON  STREET. 
Near  First  ami  Murka  Streets. 

Ores  worked  by  any  proceea.  < 

Ores  sampled. 

Assaying  in  all  its  branches. 

Analysis  of  Ores,  Minerals,  Waters,  eta 

Working  tuts  uadr. 

Plans  famished  for  the  most  suitable  process 
lor  working  Ores. 

Special  attention  paid  to  Examinations  of 
Mines;  plana  and  reports  furnished. 

E.  HUHN, 

C.  A.  LUCKHARDT, 
Mining  Engineers  and  Metallurgists 


JOHN  TAYLOR  &  CO., 

Importers  of  and  Dealers  in 

ASSAYERS'   MATERIALS, 

CHEMICAL  APPARATUS  AND  CHEMICALS,  DRUG- 
GISTS' GLASSWARE  AND  SUNDRIES,  Etc 

612  &  618  Washington  St..  San  Francisco 


Wo  would  call  the  spccinl  attention  of  Assayers,  Chem- 
ists, Mining  Companies,  Milling  Companies,  PruspuL-tors, 
eta,  to  our  stock  of 'Clay  Crucibles,  Muffles.  Dry  Cups*, 
etc  ,  manufactured  by  the  Patent  Plumbago  "Cruci- 
ble Co.,  of  London,  England,  fur  which  we  have 
Wnii  made  Sole  Ayenh/ur  the  Pacific  Coast.  Circulars 
witli  prices  will  be  sent  upon  application. 

Air  1,  to  our  large  and  well  adapted  block  of 

Assayers'  Materials  &  Chemical  Apparatus, 

Having  been  engaged  in  furnishing  these  supplies  since 
the  first  discovery  of  minus  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 

dTuur  Uold  and  Silvur  Tables,  showing  the  value  per 
ounce  Troy  at  different  degrees  of  fineness,  and  valuable 
tables  for  compulation  of  assays  in  grains  aud  grammes, 
will  bo  sent  free  upon  application. 

JOHN    TAYLOR    &    CO. 


LEOPOLD    KUH, 

(Formerly  of  the  U.  S.  Branch  Mint.  S.  F.) 

Assayer    and    Metallurgical    Chemist, 

No.  611  COMMERCIAL  STREET, 
(Between  Montgomery  and  Kearny,} 

San  Francisco,  Cal. 


OTTOKAR  HOFMANN, 
METALLURGIST  and  MINING  ENGINEER, 

415  Mission  St.,  bet.  First  and  Fremont  Streets, 
SAN    FRANCISCO. 
£3TErection  of  Leaching    Works  a  Specialty. 
jtSTLeachine;  Tests  made. 


The   Miners9    Assay   Office, 

N.   E.   Corner  of  the   Plaza, 


PRESCOTT, 


ARIZONA. 


AssayB  of  Silver,  Sl.SO.    Gold  and  Silver,   $2.     Other  Ores 
at  corrosponditig  rates.     All  assays  guaranteed. 
Gold  and  Silver  melted  Into  Bars.     Working  Teats  made. 
('[£". \liin  s  examined,  sales  negotiated,  etc. 

W.  H.   WILLISCRAFT, 
P.  O.  Box  153.  Preacott,  Arizona. 


THOS.    PRICE'S 


Assay    Office    and    Chemical 
Laboratory, 

524  Sacramento  St.,  S.  F. 


Q.  F.  Debt-ken.  Wm.  E.  Smith. 

PIONEER  REDUCTION  WORKS, 

Channel  Street,  off  foot  of  Fourth,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Highost  price  paid  for  Sulphurets  Arseniurets,  Tellurides 
and  Gold  Ores  generally. 

Careful  attention  paid  to  practical  working  tests  on  a 
large  scale  of  Gold-bearing  Quartz  and  ores  of  a  refractory 
and  sulpbureted  nature. 

Will  examine,  report  on,  and  survey  mining  properties. 


METALLURGICAL    WORKS, 

STRONG   &    CO.,   10  Stevenson  Street, 

ORES  SAMPLED,  TESTED,  ASSAYED. 


GUIDO      KUSTEL, 

MINING  ENGINEER  and  METALLURGIST. 

P.    O     Address:   ALAMEDA,     OAL. 

ChewiniE  BS^2i 

Awarded  highest  prize  at  Cenlennial  Exposition  for 
fine  chetcing  q-mlitiei  and  errcllence  mid  tasting  char- 
acter of  ewect'iing  and  flavoring.  The  best  tobacco 
ever  made.  Ab  oilr  bine  strip  trade-mark  is  cloEely 
imitated  on  Inferior  Roods,  nee  that  Jirkion's  Bert  la 
on  every  plug.  Sold  by  all  dealers.  Send  for  sample, 
tree,  lo   C   A.  Jackson  A  Co.,  Mfri.,  Petersburg,  Wfc 

L.  &  E.  WERTHHEIMER,  Ag'ts,  San  Francisco. 


Dewey  &  Co.isJ^U} Patent  Ag'ts. 


ELECTRIC   LIGrHT. 

BRUSH     PATENT. 
The  Best,  Cheapest,  Cleanest,  and  Most  Powerful  Light  in  the  World. 

In  daily  use  at  the  Palace  Hotel  and  the  Union  Iron  Works,  S.  F. 


Parties  desiring  Electric  Light  for  Halls,  Shops,  Docks,  Mills, 
Streets  and  Mines,  are  invited  to  semi  us  full  particulars  regarding 
the  buildings,  rooms  or  places  to  be  lighted,  including  dimensions, 
character  of  walls  and  ceilings,  amount  of  available  power  and  its 
location,  amount  of  light  now  used,  character  of  work  being  done, 
length  of  time  light  will  be  needed  continuously,  etc. 

With  these  items  before  us,  we  will  make  a  proposition  to  furnish 
a  COMPLETE  OUTFIT  OF  ELECTRIC  LIGHT,  put  it  in  perfect 
working  order  and  guarantee  its  success  and  permanence.     Address  all  communications 

S.  F.  TELEGRAPH  SUPPLY  CO., 

WM.    KERR,    President, 

San   Francisco,   Cal. 


Ingersoll  Rock  Drills. 


In  use  in   the    largest   and  best 
Mines  of  the  Coast. 


5    l4    "   V 


HAS    AUTOMATIC  TEED. 

Has  less  Repairs. 

Is  Lighter  and  more  Easily  Ad- 
justed than  any  other  Drill. 
Our  DRY  AIR  COMPRESSORS  are  the  most  Economical  Compressors  in  the  Market. 

MINERS'  HORSE-POWER. 

This  Power  Is  especially  adapted  to  working  mines,   hoist 
ing  coal  or  building  material,  etc.    It  will  do  the  work  of  a 
Steam  Engine  with  one-tenth  the  expense.    One  Horse  ca 
easily  hoist  over  1,000  pounds  at  a  depth  of  500  feat. 

The  Power  iB  mainly  built  of  wrought  iron,  and  cannot  be 
affected  by  exposure.  The  hoisting-drum  is  thrown  out  of 
gear  by  the  lever,  while  the  load  ia  held  In  place  with  a  brake 
by  the  man  tonding  bucket.  The  frame  of  the  Power  is 
bolted  to  bed-timbers,  thus  avoiding  all  frame  work.  "When 
required  these  Powers  are  made  in  sections  for  packing. 

REYNOLDS,    RIX   &   CO.,  18  &  20   Fremont  St.,  San  Francisco. 


Machinery. 


THOMSON   &   EVANS, 

(Successors  to  Thomson  &  Parrkr,)| 

Engineers  and  Machinists. 


Steam  Pumps,  Steam  Engines,  Hoisting, 

Pumping,  Quartz  Mill,  Mining,  Saw 

Mill   Machinery,   Specialties. 

Plansand  Specifications  f..r  Machinery  luniiflheu.     Re- 
pairing promptly  attended  to. 

110  &  112  Beale  St.,  San  Francisco. 

FOR    SALE. 


SEVERAL  SECOND-HAND 

PORTABLE   ENGINES 

FOR  SALE  CHEAP. 

Sizes,  from  eight   horse-power   to  twenty-five  horse, 
power.    IN  PERFECT  RUNNING  ORDER.    Apply  to 

JOSEPH  ENRIGHT, 

San  Jose,  California. 


®^ 

EK 

7u!7TI7iTfftp*tkiiiiM 

-*-*  %  STEAM  ENCINES,:^-* 

BERRY  &  PLACE, 

— ►  SAN  FRANClSCfj.CAL.— 

CIRCULARSSENT  FREE  TO  ALL.  - 1 

Address,  FRASEB,  CHALMERS  «fc  CO..  CMcaGO,  111. 


D.  F.  HUTCH1NGS. 


D,  SI.  DUNNE. 


J.  SANDERSON 


PHCEITIX    OIL    WORKS, 

HUTCHIN6S    &    CO., 

OIL    and   COMMISSION    MERCHANTS, 

Manufacturers  and  Dealers  in  Sperm,  Whale,  Lard,  Machinery  and  Illuminating  Oils. 
517    FRONT   STREET     SAN    FRANCISCO. 


Mining     Books. 

Orders  for  agricultural  and  scientific  books  In  ffeneral 
be  supplied  through  thj»  office  at  published  rates, 


4£g3|       DR.    LIBBEY, 

•SiftS?  DENTIST, 

N.   W.   Corner  Kearny  and  Geary  Streets, 
Entrance  on  Geary  Strseet,         SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL 


THE  IMPROVED  0'HARRA 

0HL0RIDIZING-  FURNACE. 

Patented  Sept.  10th,  1878. 


Now  in  Operation  at  the  Extra  Mininp-  Co.'s 
Works,  Copper  City,  Shasta  Co.,  Cal. 


Two  men  and  two  cords  of  wood  roast 

Forty  Tons  of  Ore  in  Twenty-four  Hours, 

Giving  a  full  chlorination  (100%)  at  a  cost  of  30  cents  per 
on.    Address, 

O'HABRA    &    FERGUSON, 
Furnaccville,  Shasta  Co.,  Cal 
Or  CHAS.  W.  CRANE,  Agent, 

.Room  10,  Safe  Deposit  Building,  San  Francisco. 


J.  S.  PHILLIPS,  m.  e.. 

Consulting  Engineer  f  Metallurgist, 
Examiner  of  Mines  and  Assayer, 

702    CALIFORNIA    STREET, 

Author  of—  -  ♦  «■■•-  San  Fhanoisco. 

The  Explorers',  Miners'  and  Metallurgists'  Companion, 

672  pageB,  83  Illustrations,  (2d  Edition.)    Price 3  10  50 

The  Prospector's  "  Wee  Pet  "  Assayer,  (Patented) 100  00 

The  Testing  Machine  for  Gold,  Silver,  Lead,  etc 40  00 

The  "Little  Wonder"  Self-calculating  Sample  and 

Button  Weipher,  (Patented) 25  00 

Blow-pipists'  Pocket  Laboratory  of:  Tools,  Fluxes,  etc.    50  00 

Vest  Pocket  Blowpipe 3  00 

CHARGES.— Assaying,  $3;  Testing,  S2  per  metal. 

Assaying  and  Testing  Taught. 


Mine    Wanted. 

The  advertiser  is  prepared  to  purchase  a  good  California 
Gold  mine;  gravel  or  quartz.  Must  be  in  a  condition  to 
be  examined  and  prospected. 

Send  full  particulars,  description,  location  and  price  to 
"Miner,"  care  of  Chas.  G.  Yale,  Esq.,  editorof  the  JIininq 
and  Scientific  Press,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


F.   MOORECROFT, 

Stone  Seal  Engraver. 

THURLOW    BLOCK, 

Room  38,  126  Kearny  St.,  Cor.  Sutter,  San  Francisco. 

Coats  of  Arms,  Crests,  Monograms  and  Ma- 
sonic Inscriptions  Carefully  Engraved. 


244 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[April  12,  1879. 


[Continued  from  page  229.] 


per  ton.  The  Daily  tunnel,  which  la  about  75  ft  above 
the  last  named,  in  perpendicular  hiffht,  is  150  ft  111  length. 
Commencing  at  a  point  126  ft  from  the  mouth  of  the  adit, 
J  M  Daily  &  Co.  have  leased  100  ft  of  ground  running  in 
a"  westerly  direction.  Twenty-five  ft  of  this  have  been 
opened  by  the  continuation  of  the.adit,  and  thus  far  the 
explorations  have  resulted  highly  satisfactory,  showing ^up 
from  two  to  eight  inches  of  ore  on  the  south  wall,  and  a 
smaller  and  leas  continuous  streak  on  the  north  wall. 
The  mineral  consists  in  part  of  solid  galena  with  copper 
pyrites  and  some  gray  copper,  the  remainder  being  de- 
composed, and  carrying  malachite  and  sulphurets  of .silver. 
The  ore  on  the  north  wall  runs  1S8  ounces,  and  that  on 
the  south  wall  ca-ries  432  ounces  of  silver  per  ton  without 
classifying  Thirty-five  ft  back  from  the  breast  of  the 
drift  is  a  cross-lode  thought  to  be  the  Joe  Beyno'da  No._  1. 
This  has  been  opened  a  few  feet,  and  carries  some  rich 
ore  but  not  sufficient  to  warrant  its  exploration  while 
there  is  better  ore  in  sight  in  the  main  drift.  Kramer, 
\ViUon,  Stevens  &  Davis,  who  have  raised  up  from  the 
O'Oonnel  tunnel,  are  now  stoping  within  15  ft  of  the  Daily 
tunnel  on  an  uncommonly  fine  body  of  ore.  For  a  dis- 
tance of  5"  ft  there  is  a  continuous  vein  of  ?olid  mineral 
from  three  inches  to  a  foot  in  width.  The  bulk  of  the  ore 
ii  bright  fine-grained  galena,  carrying  copper  pyrites  and 
gray  copper.  Since  this  pocket  was  encountered  no  runs 
have  been  made,  but  it  will  not  mill  less  than  400  ounces 
per  ton.  The  Discovery  tunnel  is  being  run  in  under  con- 
tract and  at  present  shows  but  an  unimportant  quantity 
of  low-grade  minoral  in  the  breast,  which  is  200  ft  in. 
This  ground  is  leased  by  Kennedy  &  Daily. 

IDAHO. 

Salmon  Riybr.— World,  April  4:  The  mines  on  KiUiki- 
nick  creek  are  producing  some  rich  ore,  which  will  be 
shipped  to  market  a-)  soon  as  the  snow  melts  sufficiently 
to  permit  it.  The  Hood  and  Beardsly  mines,  in  Bay  Horse 
district,  are  also  producing  a  large  amount  of  ore  of  a 
medium  grade,  and  the  famous  Ram's  Horn  mine,  in  the 
same  vicinity,  keens  up  its  reputation  as  a  rich  ore-pro- 
ducer. They  are  down  50  ft  on  the  Vermont  mine  and 
from  developments  already  made,  this  property  proves  to 
be  a  veritable  bonanza.  Part  of  the  ore  will  average  from 
§70  to  $80  in  silver  and  gold ;  and  to  18  inches  to  two  ft  of 
the  vein  will  assay  from  $350  to  §900  per  ton  in  gold  and 
silver. 

Other  Notes.— Dan  skin  &  Co. 'a  placer  claims,  o" 
Granite  creek,  have  been  put  in  good  shape,  and  are  prob- 
ably piping  by  this  time.  The  Belshazzer  company  are  at 
work  running  a  tunnel  to  connect  with  their  shaft.  They 
have  about  60  ft  to  run  yet,  but  in  case  water  does  not 
trouble  them,  will  make  the  connection  in  a  m.mth  or  six 
weeks.  Good  rock  has  been  taken  out  of  the  Ebenezer 
mine  during  the  winter.  The  Granite  Creek  Ditch  com- 
pany have  water  through  their  lower  ditch  and  to  Placer- 
ville  in  the  upper  one.  Their  claims  at  Placerviile  and 
Granite  cieek  are  all  running.  Several  other  claims  in 
that  vicinity  are  also  running. 

MONTANA. 

Jottings. — Helena  Independent,  Mar.  27:  At  the  Cen- 
tennial mill,  the  proprietor,  Mr.  John  C.  Rainsford,  has 
just  increased  the  amalgamating  capacity  of  the  works  by 
the  addition  of  another  large  Newell  pan  to  the  two  pre- 
viously at  work  in  the  pan  room.  Next  week  the  Cen- 
tennial battery  will  be  increased  to  double  its  present 
number  of  stamps  by  the  erection  of  five  more,  for  which 
the  mortar  is  already  in  place.  The  Centennial  is  at  pres- 
ent employed  on  or<;  from  Mr.  Boardman's  claim  on  the 
Original  lode.  At  the  Boardman  claim,  on  the  Original, 
the  main  shaft  was  furnished  with  a  cage,  an  improvement 
which  greatly  facilitates  the  hoisting  of  the  20  tons  of  ore 
taken  out  everyday.  The  Bhaft  is  ]8G  ft  deep.  At  that 
depth  a  level  is  run  to  the  vein,  which  is  found  to  be  base 
and  of  rather  low  grade,  as  was  the  case  with  the  Alice 
ore  at  that  distance  below  water  level.  At  100  ft  from  the 
surface,  the  first  adit  crosses  the  ledge,  where  it  is  found 
to  be  22  ft  wide.  At  this  point  it  carries  free-milling  ore, 
of  which  the  first  class  ranges  up  to  150  ounces  per  ton. 
This  claim  is  provided  with  steam  hoisting  works,  a  wire 
cable,  ore  cars,  and  everything  else  needed  for  its  speedy 
and  economical  working. 

OREGON. 

Mining  Items.  — Sentinel,  April  2:  The  Coyote  Gravel 
company  are  workng  night  and  day  with  a  full  force,  and 
the  ground  indicating  big  pay.  Every  claim  on  Jackass  is 
being  worked  with  plenty  of  water,  and  the  yield  of  gold 
in  that  district  is  good.  The  Squaw  Lake  company  are 
still  cleaning  and  repairing  ditch,  but  will  soon  be  at 
work,  and  will  have  a  full  head  all  summer.  The  Grand 
Applegate  company  is  still  busy  at  work  on  their  ditch 
and  expect  to  be  ready  for  washing  in  a  month.  At 
Palmer  creek  the  boys  are  piping  night  and  day  with  two 
shifts.  They  only  expected  to  t>st  their  mine,  hut  will 
now  have  a  paying  run.  John  Meldrum  is  making  S10 
per  day  ground  sluicing  at  Steamboat.  There  are  about 
30  men  at  work  in  that  district,  including  Chinese.  Tom 
Kahler,  Fort  Lane,  cleaned  up  last  week,  his  claim  paying 
t$l0  per  day  to  the  hand.  The  late  heavy  storm  will  give  him 
a  new  start.  Star  Gulch  mine  running  night  and  day  with 
a  full  head  of  water.  From  appearances  in  the  ground 
sluice  this  company  will  make  a  good  clean-up.  Bybee, 
Htwkett  &  Co.  are  crowding  the  gravel  with  two  pipes, 
and  the  former  has  gone  down  the  river  to  enjoy  the  yel- 
low appearance  of  the  sluices.  The  English  company  and 
the  Blue  Gravel  company,  on  Galice  creek,  are  both  run- 
ning with  a  full  force  and  water  enough  for  double  the 
number  of  pipes. 

UTAH. 

Bingiiam  Items.— Salt  Like  Tribune,  April  6:  A  jigger 
ha*  been  put  in  operation  on  the  Winnamuck  slag  dump. 
Sufficient  water  could  not  be  had  to  run  a  wheel,  and  the 
next  best  thing  had  to  be  resorted  to.  Mr.  Mullett  con- 
ceived the  idea  that  the  cayuse  might  be  utilized.  A  hori- 
zontal wheel,  10  ft  in  diameter,  with  an  attachment 
similar  to  that  of  a  whim,  has  been  erected.  The  revolv- 
ing of  this  wheel  by  the  use  of  a  horse,  furnishes  the  mo- 
tive power  to  run  the  jigger.  Work  so  far  by  this  process 
gives  entire  satisfaction.  The  boys  of  the  Caledonia  mine 
have  recently  struck  a  fine  body  of  high-grade  ore  in  the 
upper  tunnel.  The  Argonaut  company  have  started  work 
on  their  placer  ground,  and,  although  Very  Utile  snow 
fell  during  the  past  winter,  sufficient  water  is  to  be  had 
for  hydraulic  purposes. 

Silver  Reef.— On  the  Buckeye  Reef  operations  continue 
active.  Litigation,  wiihits  attendant  evils,  retards  work 
on  several  of  the  be-t  mines,  but  in  the  Buckeye,  Last 
Chance,  Smrmont  and  others,  development  is  progressing 
without  interruption.  The  Buckeye  is  working  a  full  com- 
plement of  men,  and  supplies  the  mill  with  more  ore  than 
it  cm  separate,  necessitating  the  addition  of  more  stamps 
and  pans.  Messrs  Branf.am,  Potter,  and  Day,  owner, 
manager,  and  Superintendent,  respectively,  are  fully  alive 
to  the  requirements,  and  before  long  extensive  additions 
to  the  milling  facilities  may  be  expected.  The  Last 
Chance  is  working  50  miners,  and  under  the  management 
of  live  and  practical  men,  is  returning  handsome  divi- 
dends. Vignrous  working  on  the  Storm  on  t  has  been  re- 
sumed, and  many  chlorides  are  engaged  in  delvingfor  the 
precious  metal.  The  Barbee  mine  is  developing  finely; 
the  ore  body  seems  to  be  permanent  and  richer  than  ever, 
and  is  mined  in  such  quantities  as  to  tax  the  capacity  of 
the  mine  to  the  utmost. 


The  workouthe/ecmne^fi  is  proceeding  slowly 
at  Mare  Island,  as  a  general  survey  is  to  be  held 
on  her  when  she  goes  on  dock. 


An  unsuccessful  attempt  was  lately  made  at 
San  Rafael  t  >  release  from  jail  the  convicted 
murderer,  William  Bever. 


List  of  U.  S.  Patents  Issued  to  Pacific 
Coast  Inventors. 

[From  Official  Rrports  for  tub  Mining  and  Scientific 

Press,  DEWEY  &  CO.,  Publishers  and  U.  S. 

and  Foreign  Patent  Agents.] 

By  Special  Dispatch,  tram.  Washington.  D.  C. 

For  the  Week  Endino  March  ISth,  1379. 

213,368.— Neck  Yoke— L.  E.  Ainsworth,  Vermilion, 
Dakota  Territory. 

213,373  —Ore  Feeder—  D.  H.  Anderson,  S.  F. 

213  309.—  Pump  -  W.  T.  Wilcox,  S.  F. 

213,399.— Bit  Stock— L.  C.  Di  Bert,  S.  F. 

213,389.— Vehicle  Spring— O.  S.  Carville,  S.  F. 

213  382.— Apparatus  for  Obtaining  Metallic  Copper 
from  its  Solutions— C.  C.  Bitner,  Spenceville,  Cal. 

213,400,— Wagon  Erakk— J.  F.  Ditsworth,  Austin,  Nev. 

7,120  to  7,124  inclusive.— Candles— Trademark  — W.  T. 
Coleman,  S.  F. 

7,125  —Clothing— Trademark— Heynemann  &  Co.,  S.  F. 

7,112.— Candles— Trademark-^Cabtle  Bros.,  S.  F. 

7,114.— Cathartic  Medicine— Trademark— E.  DePrati, 
San  Francisco. 

7.109.— Canned  Salmon— Trademark— J.  W.  &  V.  Cook, 
Clifton,  Ogn. 

The  patents  are  not  ready  for  delivery  by  the  Patent 

Office  until  some  14  days  after  the  date  of  issue. 

Note.— Copies  of  U.  S.  and  Foreign  Patents  furnished 
by  Dewey  &  Co.,  in  the  shortest  time  possible  (by  tel- 
^■raph  or  otherwise)  at  t,.e  lowest  rates.  All  patent  busi- 
ness for  Pacific  coast  inventors  transacted  with  perfect 
security  and  in  the  shortest  possible  time. 


Notices  of  Recent  Patents. 

Among  the  patents  recently  obtained  through 
Dewey  &  Co.'s  Scientific  Press  American  and 
Foreign  Patent  Agency,  the  following  are  worthy 
of  special  mention: 

Safety  Lamp. — David  Lubin,  Sacramento. 
Dated,  Mar.  11th.  This  consists  in  a  novel  con. 
struction  of  an  elongated  reservoir  for  oil  or 
burning  tiuid  of  any  kind,  said  reservoir  being 
tubular  in  form  and  coiled  in  a  spiral  of  one  or 
more  coils  in  any  desirable  manner,  whereby  a 
sufficient  quantity  of  oil  may  be  held  in  a  com- 
pact but  at  the  same  time  separate  and  extend- 
ed form.  This  spiral  may  be  made  in  a  plane 
or  may  be  in  the  form  of  a  flat  cone,  or  in  any 
way  to  allow  the  oil  to  flow  from  the  center  to 
the  outside.  The  feed  cup  and  wick  cup  are 
provided  with  interchangeable  wire  gauze  safety 
protectors  to  prevent  the  ingress  of  foreign  mat- 
terSj  and  insure  safety  from  explosion.  The 
exterior  of  the  reservoir  connects  by  an  S  or  V 
curve  with  the  wick,  portion  or  chamber,  which 
is  situated  outside  the  spiral  so  that  the  light 
will  not  be  shaded  by  a  large  reservoir.  The 
whole  is  mounted  upon  a  suitable  stand,  and 
from  the  shape  of  the  reservoir  it  will  not  be 
possible  to  spill  any  large  quantity  of  the  oil  by 
upsetting.  Being  formed  of  gas  pipe  or  other 
strong  tubing  it  cannot  explode.  An  oil  reser- 
voir at  the  bottom  of  the  curve  serves  to  retain 
any  overflow  or  drops.  The  whole  lamp,  reser- 
voir and  all,  may  be  made  in  a  single  piece,  and 
in  several  different  forms.  This  lamp  is  special- 
ly useful  in  factories,  machine  shops,  mines  and 
.such  places  where  explosion  or  fire  would  do 
much  damage.  The  lamp  is  strong  and  durable 
and  not  easily  injured.  Its  construction  is 
such  as  to  prevent  explosion. 

Lock.  —  Nestor  A.  Young,  Healdsburg. 
Dated,  Feb.  25th.  This  is  an  improvement  in 
construction  on  keyless  locks,  and  is  especially 
adapted  for  use  in  padlocks.  This  invention  is 
an  improvement  on  a  patent  granted  to  W.  K. 
Young,  November  27th,  1877,  and  consists  in  a 
novel  construction  of  an  outer  case  having  an 
internal  spindle  or  stem,  which  is  formed  on  one 
piece  with  the  outer  case,  and  serves  as  a  guide 
or  center  for  all  the  tumblers,  bnt  the  outer  one 
and  driver,  from  which  they  are  independent. 
This  latter  is  secured  to  the  closing  plate  which 
also  forms  the  dial  disk,  and  the  inner  flange  of 
this  driver  fits  against  and  is  steadied  by  the 
end  of  the  stem  upon  which  the  tumblers  turn. 
The  closing  plate  is  securely  locked  in  place  by 
means  of  a  loose  disk,  which  has  lugs  upon  its 
edge  so  arranged  as  to  be  turned  into  correspond- 
ing slots  on  the  inner  edge  of  the  case,  and 
when  in  place  it  is  locked,  and  prevented  from 
removal  by  means  of  the  bolt  or  staple  when  it 
is  in  place. 

Axle  and  Axle  Box. — Edgar  E.  Lincoln,  San 
Jose.  Dated  March  11th.  This  invention  re- 
lates to  a  novel   construction   and   method   of 

uniting  axles  and   axle   boxes   so   that  the   in- 

.  * 

ventor  is  enabled  to  reduce  the  size  of  the  journal 
to  very  small  proportions.  It  is  rendered  per- 
fectly dust-proof  and  easy  to  lubricate,  and  the 
space  which  the  box  occupies  reduced  within 
the  hub  so  thav  the  mortises  for  the  spoke  tenons 
may  be  extended  to  near  the  center,  thereby 
greatly  strengthening  the  important  points, 
while  the  construction  prevents  any  oil  or  lubri- 
cant from  finding  its  way  from  the  journal  to 
the  interior  of  the  hub  to  loosen  the  spokes. 

Car  Brake. — Albert  Waymouth,  Livermore, 
Alameda  Co.  Dated,  Mar.  11th.  This  inven- 
tion relates  to  an  improved  mechanism  which  is 
designed  to  be  applied  to  the  cabooses  or  cars 
which  make  up  the  rear  ends  of  heavy  trains, 
and  it  is  of  special  value  on  those  roads  having 
steep  gradients  when  the  rear  end  of  the  train 
sometimes  become  detached  from  the  forward 
portion,  in  which  case  the  rear  cars  run  back- 
wards down  the  grades,,    thus  causing  serious 


accidents.  This  invention  is  designed  to  remedy 
this  defect,  and  consists  in  the  attachment  of 
an  automatic  brake  apparatus,  which  shall  act 
in  one  direction,  while  it  allows  the  car  to  run 
freely  in  an  opposite  direction.  A  clutch  is 
mounted  on  the  axle  of  the  car  and  is  so  con- 
nected with  the  brake  bar  as  to  act  when  the 
car  attempts  to  run  backwards,  in  throwing  on 
the  brakes,  locking  the  wheels  and  stopping  the 


The  Clover-Seed  Fly,  a  new  Insect  Pest. 
At  the  annual  meeting  of  the  N.  Y.  State  Ag- 
ricultural Society,  held  at  Albany,  in  January 
last,  J.  A.  Lintner,  of  the  State  Museum  of  Nat- 
ural History,  read  a  paper  in  which — among 
other  injurious  insects  recently  observed — he 
gave  an  account  of  the  larva  of  an  insect  which 
had  been  discovered  two  years  ago  in  several 
localities  in  eastern  and  northern  New  York, 
hidden  within  the  seed-pods  of  the  red  clover, 
( Trifolium  pratense)  and  destroying  the  seeds. 
The  perfect  insect  had  not  yet  been  seen,  but 
the  examination  of  the  larva  show  it  to  belong 
to  the  Cecidomyidce,  and  in  all  probability  very 
nearly  allied  to  the  wheat-midge,  Cecvdomyia 
destructor,  A  description  of  the  larva  was  given 
under  the  name  of  Cecidomyia  trifolii  n.  sp. 
The  range  of  this  insect's  depredations  or  the 
extent  of  its  ravages  was  yet  unknown.  In 
some  localities  in  the  western  counties  of  the 
State  of  New  York,  the  clover  was  so  infested 
with  it  last  year  that  it  was  worthless  for  seed. 
It  is  believed  that  the  not  infrequent  failure 
heretofore  reported  of  the  clover-seed  crop 
throughout  the  country,  which  has  been  as- 
cribed to  imperfect  fertilization  of  the  blossoms 
and  various  other  causes,  has  been  the  result  of 
the  secret  operations  of  this  little  insect. 

Wages  are  from  $3.50  to  $4  a  day  at  the 
Snake  River  mines,  but  there  is  room  for  few  to 
find  employment. 


A  strike  of  laborers  took  place  in  San  Fran- 
cisco  recently  and  for  a  time  threatened  serious 
trouble. 


The  mushroom  season  has  commenced  in  the 
vicinity  of  Chico  and  a  Chinaman  was  the  first 
victim. 


The  first  crop  of  flax  on  the  island  is  now 
growing  at  Belle  View,  Tulare  county. 

The  Western  Union  lines   are  to  be  extended 
from  Bodie  to  Benton. 


Quicksilver  Mining. 

Memoir  on  the  Mines  and  Works  of  Almaden,  by  M.  H. 
Kusfl,  M.  E.  Translated  from  the  "AnnaUa  des  Mines"  for 
the  Mining  and  Scientific  Press,  by  S.  B.  Christy. 

CONTENTS.  —  Pa  hT  I.  -  Geological  Description  of  the 
Deposits  at  Almaden^l.  Introduction;  2.  Geological  Situa- 
tion and  Constitution;  Silurian  System;  Devonian  System; 
Eruptive  Rocks;  3.  Deposits  of  Mercury;  Description  of  the 
Mine;  Mineralogical  Constitution  of  the  Vein  Matter;  Age 
of  the  Veins;  Abandoned  Mines  Part  II.— Exploitation  of 
the  Mines  of  Almaden:  1.  Method  of  Exploitation;  2.  Organ 
ization  of  Labor;  3.  Mechanical  Preparation.  Paht  III.— 
Metallurgy  of  Mercury  at  Almaden:  1.  Description  of  the 
Works;  2.  Treatment  of  the  Ore;  3.  Losses  of  Treatment. 
Part  IV.  -Administration  and  History;  2.  History;  48 large 
pamphlet  pages,  post-paid,  50  cents.  DEWEY  &  CO.,  Pub- 
Ushers,  S.  F„  1379. 


Submarine  Nail-Driving  Device.— The  U.  S.  Naval 
authorities  will  Boon  give  We  Stack'B  device  for  driving' 
nails  under  water  an  official  teat  at  Mare  Ialand.  Mr. 
Stack  ia  a  resident  of  Oakland,  and  secured  his  patent 
through  this  office  It  is  shown  in  the  illustrated  adver 
tisement  of  this  issue. 


An  Engineer,  favorably  known  in  the  East,  desirous  of 
settling  in  California,  seeks  position  as  Superintendent  or 
Chief  Draughtsman.  Competent  to  design  stationary, 
marine,  locomotive,  mill  work,  sugar  and  hydraulic  ma- 
chinery. Speaks  Spanish.  Unexceptional  references. 
Address  Expert,  this  office. 


Kuhtel's  Concentration  of  Ores  (of  all  kinds),  inclu. 
d'.ng  the  Chlorination  Process  for  Gold-bearing  Sulphurets, 
Arseniurete,  and  Gold  and  Silver  Ores  generally,  with  120 
Lithographic  Diagrams,  1867.  The  most  complete  treat- 
ise.  Published  at  this  office.  Price,  $7.50.  Postage,  50 
cents  extra. 

Fresh  attractions  are  constantly  added  to  Wood- 
ward's Gardens,  among  which  is  Prof.  Gruber's  great 
educator,  the  Zoographicon.  Each  department  increases 
daily,  and  the  Pavilion  performances  are  more  popular 
than  ever.  All  new  novelties  find  a  place  at  this  wonder- 
ful resort.    Prices  remain  as  usual. 


How  to  Stop  this  Paper. — It  is  not  a  herculean  task  to 
stop  this  paper.  Notify  the  publishers  by  letter.  If  it 
comes  beyond  the  time  desired  you  can  depend  upon  it  we 
do  not  know  that  the  subscriber  wants  it  stopped.  So 
be  sure  and  send  us  notice  by  letter. 


Examine  the  accelerative  endowment  plan,  as  originated 
by  the  Mutual  Benefit  Life  Insurance  Co.,  of  Newark, 
New  Jersey.  Assets,  $30,533,429. 94.  Lewis  C.  Grover, 
President;  L.  Spencer  Coble,  Vice-President;  Benjamin  C. 
Miller,  Treasurer;  Kdward  A.  Strong,  Secretary;  Bloom- 
field  J.  Miller,  Actuary.  Send  for  circulars  to  James 
Munsell,  Jr. .agent  of  insured,  224  Sansome  St.,  San 
Francisco. 

M.  D.  Shrader  is  now  an  authorized  agent  of  the  Pa- 
cific Rural  Press,  also  Mining  and  Scientific  Press,  to 
solicit  subscriptions  and  receive  the  money  for  the  same 
His  receipts  given  for  such  money  will  be  duly  honored 
by  this  company. 

Experimental  Machinery,  drawings,  patterns,  models, 
all  kinds  of  electrical  and  telegraphic  apparatus  to  order. 
See  ad.     F.  W.  Fuller,  416  Market  St... second  floor,  S.  F. 

Chew  JAOKfiOH's  best  Sweet  Navy  Tobacco 


GENERAL  MERCHANDISE. 

IWBOLBBALH.] 

Wednesday  m.,  April  9, 1879. 
Cement,  Roaen- 


BAGS— Jobbing. 

Eng  Standard  Wheat.  9  <&  9J 
Neville  &  Co. 

Hand  Sewed,  22x36..  9  @  9J 

24x36 - 

23x40 '. 11 

Machine  Swd,  22x36.  9  <«  <u 
Flour  Sacks,  halves....  7!@  9[ 

Quarters 4^@  6 

Eighth3 3i@  4 

Hessian,  60  Inch 124@13 

45  inch 7i@  8J 

40  inch 7l@  8 

Wool  Sacks, 

Hand  Sewed,  3J  lb. .—  @45 

41b  do 50  @52:. 

Machine  Sewed 45  @— 

Standard  Gunnies.... 13i@14 

Bean  Bags 7  <a  7j 

CANDLES. 

Crystal  Wax 17  @- 

Eagle 12  @— 

Patent  Sperm 30@— 

CANNED  GOODS. 
Assorted  Pie  Fruits, 

2*  lb  cans 2  00  @    — 

Table  do 3  00  @    — 

Jams  and  Jellies . .  3  50  @    — 

PickleB,  hf  gal 3  15  @    — 

Sardines,  qr  box..l  67i@l  90 

Hf  Boxes 2  50  @2  75 

Preserved    Beef, 

2  ft.,  doz 4  00  @    — 

do  Beef,  4  lb,doz.6  50  @    — 
Preserved  Mutton, 

21b.  doz 4  GO  @    — 

Beef  Tongue. 6  60  @    — 

Preserved     Ham, 

2lb,  doz 6  50  (3    — 

Deviled  Ham,  1  lb, 

doz 5  50  @    — 

do  Ham,  $ibdoz.3  00  @    — 
COAL—  Jobbing. 

Australian,  ton..  8  00  cb 

Coos  Bay, 6  50  @  7  00 

Bellingham  Bay.  6  50  ® 

Seattle 6  00 

Cumberland 14  00 

Mt  Diablo 4  75 

Lehigh 13  50 

Liverpool 7  50 

WeBt  Hartley..  .10  50  @— 

Scotch 10  50  @— 

Scranton 11  50  (if — 

Vancouver  Id. . .  7  00  @— 
Charcoal,  sack...      75  @— 

Coke,  bbl 60  W— 

COFFEE. 
Sandwich  Id,  lb.      —  @— 

Costa  Rica 15  @ 

Guatemala 15  & 

Java 23  @- 

Manila 17  @- 

Greund,  in  cs...      25  @— 

FISH. 
Sac'to  Dry  Cod..       4J< 

do    In  cases..        5 

Eastern  Cod.... 

Salmon,  bbla.....  8  00 

Hf  bbla 6  00 

1  tb  cans 1  40 

PkldCod,  bbls..22  00 

Hf  bblfl 11  00 

Mackerel,  No.  1. 

Hf  Bbls 9  50 

In  Kits 1  85 

Ex  Mess 3  25 

Pkld  Herring,  bx  3  00 
Boston  Smkd  H'g    70 
LIME,  Etc. 
Plaster,  Golden 

Gate  Mills....  3  00 
LandPlaster.tnlO  00 
Lime,  Sta  Cruz, 

bbl 1  25 


?  6  50 
a  6  00 


5  00 


5  9  00 
?  5  50 
)  1  45 


aio  50 

1  2  10 


?  3  50 


a  3  25 

§12  50 


dale 2  00  0  2  26 

Portland 4  00  @ 

NAILS. 
Ass  ted  sizes,  keg  2  90  @  3  00 

OILS. 
Pacific  Glue  Co'b 

Neatsfoot,  No  1.1  00 
Castor.  No  1 1  10 

do,  No.  2 1  05 

Baker's  A  A 1  25 

Olive,  Plagniol....5  25 

PosBel 4  75 

Palm,  lb 

Linseed,  Raw,  bbl.    72 

Boiled 75 

Cocoanut 55 

China  nut,  cs 70  @    72J 

Sperm 1  40 

Coast  Whales 40 

Polar 45 

Lard 90 

Oleophine 22 

Devoe's  Bril't 22 

Photolite — 

Nonpariel 31 

Eureka 18 

Barrel  kerosene. . 

Downer  Ker 

Elaine 37; 

PAINTS. 
Pure  White  Lead. 

Whiting 1J( 

Putty * 

Chalk 

Paris  White 

Ochre :.... 

Venetian  Red 

AveriU         Mixed 

Paint,      gal. 

White  &  tints... 2  00  @2  40 

Green,   Blue     & 

Ch  Yellow 3  00  < 

Light  Red 3  00  ( 

Metallic  Roof.. .1  30  << 
RICE. 
China,  Mixed,  tt>..      6  ( 

Hawaiian 7  ( 

SALT. 
Cal.  Bay,  ton... .15  00  022  50 

Common 10  00  @12  00 

Carmen  Id 12  00  @14  00 

Liverpool  fine... 19  00  d 
SOAP. 

Castile,  lb 10  0 

Common  brands..      4£( 

Fancy  brands 7E 

SPICES. 

Cloves,  lb 45  & 

Cassia 22J@ 

Nutmegs 85  @ 

Pepper  Grain 15  @ 

Pimento 15  @ 

Mustard,        Cal., 

J  ft.  glass 1  50  @ 

SVGAS,  ETC. 

Cal.  Cube,  ft> 1U@ 

Powdered ^f *s 

Pine  crushed lli@ 

Granulated 11  @ 

Golden  C 9i@ 


Hawaiian  Mol  saes    26 
TEA. 

Young        HyBon, 

Moyune,  etc 27  @   30 

Country  pekd  Gun- 
powder &  Im- 
perial      50  @    60 

Hyson 30  @    35 

Fooo-OhowO 35  0    — 

Japan,  1st  quality    40 
2d  quality 20 


30 


25 


METALS. 

[WHOLESALE. 

Wednkhdav  m..  April  9,  1878. 

Iron.— 

American  Pig,  soft,  ton. . .  23  00  @26  00 

Scotch  Pig,  ton 25  60  @26  60 

American  White  Pig,  ton 23  00  @ 

Oregon  Pig,  ton 26  50  t<* 

Refined  Bar 2j@       3} 

Horse  Shoes,  keg 5  00  @ 

Nail  Rod -W       7 

Norway,  according  to  thickness G%@       1 

Copper.— 

Sheathing,  lb 34  @     35 

Sheathing,  Yellow 19  @     21 

Sheathing,  Old  Yellow —  @- 

Euglish  Cast,  ft. 16  @      17 

Black  Diamond,  ordinary  sizes 16  @ 

Drill 16  @      17 

Flat  Bar 16  0     19 

Plow  Steel 8  @         2 

Tin  Plates.— 

10x14  I  C  Charcoal %W>       9 

10x14  I  C  Coke 7@       1\ 

BancaTin 18  (g—  20 

Australian 15J@     17 

Zinc— 

By  the  Cask 9  0 

Zinc,  Sheet  7x3  ft.  7  to  10,  lb,  less  than  cask . .  9a@—  10 

Nails.— 

Assorted  sizes 2  90@3  00 


LEATHER. 

f  WHO LBB AI.K.  I 

Wednesday,  m..  April  9,  1879. 

Sole  Leather,  heavy,  lb 22  (a     29 

Light 20  @     24 

Jodot,  8K11..  doz 48  00  §50  60 

11  to  13  KU 66  00  §76  00 

14tol9Kil 80  00  @9o  00 

Second  Choice,  11  to  16  Kil 66  00  @70  00 

Cornellian,  12  to  16  Kil 57  00  @61  08 

FemaleB,  12  to  13  KU 63  00  §67  00 

14  to  16  KU 71  00  §76  00 

Simon  Ullmo,  Females,  12  to  13  KU 68  00  §62  50 

14  to  15  Kil 66  00  §70  00 

16»ol7KU 72  00  §74  00 

Simon,  18  KU 61  00  §63  00 

20  KU 66  00  §67  00 

24  Kil 72  00  §74  00 

Robert  Calf,  7  and  9  KU 35  00  §40  00 

Kip>,  French,  lb 1  00  §  1  35 

Cal.  doz 40  00  (6560  00 

French  Sheep,  aU  colore 8  00  §15  00 

Eastern  Calf  for  Backs,  lb 1  00  §  1  25 

Sheep  Roans  for  Topping,  all  colors,  doz 9  00  @13  00 

For  Linings 5  50  ISIO  50 

al.  ftus  set  Sheep  Linings 1  76  §  4  50 

oot  L  egs,  French  Calf,  pair 4  00  @ 

BGood  French  Calf 4  00  §  4  75 

Best  Jodot  Calf 6  00  §  5  25 

eather.  Harness,  lb 35  §     38 

LFair  Bridle,  doz 48  00  §72  00 

Skirting,  ib 33  §     37 

Welt,  doz 30  00  @50  00 

Burl,  ft 18  §     21 

WaiSide 17  §     80 


Gold,    Legal   Tenders,    Exchange,   Etc. 


[Corrected  Weekly  by  Sutro  &  Co.) 

SAN  Fbanoibco,  April  9,  3  p.  M. 
loent.  dls- 


SlLTEB,  lf@lj. 

Gold  Bars.  890@910.    Silver  Babs,  E 
aount.  ,„ 

Exchange  on  New  York,  20,  on  London  bankers,  4&r@ 
491.  Commercial,  50;  Paris,  five  francs  $  dollar;  Mexican 
dollars,  881@S9. 

London  Consols,  97;  Bonds,  103. 

Quiokstlyzb  in  S.  v..  by  the  flask,  V  lb.  40®41c. 


April  12,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


245 


CABCO     mirim     OF 

lEDWOOD 

Eonih,  U 13  00 

Bcfua 900 

Clou 33  00 

Clear  BefuM 13  00 

Baltic 23  60 


LUMBER. 

Wkdnrhdat  u,  April  9,  1879. 


1*H.»,T      hot  .Mi    FIXE 

RETAIL fklCM 

Ronfh.  M 18  00 

Fondnf 16  00 

Flooring  end  Step 38  00 

Hutuw 30  00 

fcl'imlity J5  oo 

I..ttLi 3  so 


Refuse 18  00  Fumuy,  1  Id  est  ft 


Surfaced 30  00 

Refuse 14  00 

Flooring ....30  00 

Refuse 13  00 

Beaded  Floorloc 33  00 

Refuse 13  00 

if  elMneh  Siding 16  00 


KKIMVOOD. 

UETAIL  PRICI. 

Rough.  M 18  00 

Refuse 14  00 

ItckeU.  Rough 15  00 

Pointed 16  00 

Fancy 23  M 


Refum- 14  00; Hiding 30  60 

Half-inch  Surfaced 30  u0,  Surfaced  A  Long  Bceded30  Oo 

Refuse- 14  00  Flooring 30  00 

Half-inch  Battens 16  00      Refuse 23  60 

Picket*.  Rough 11  00  Half-inch  Surfaced 30  00 

R  .ugh,  Pulnted 12  50  KuBtic,  No.  " 


F.ooy,  Pointed 
BhlatdM 


30  00 

..18  OO  Battens,  lineal  ft 

..  1  75:Shinnles  M 3  00 


Signal  Service  Meteorological  Report 

Ban  Francisco.—  Week  ending  April  8, 1879. 


UIOUUT    AMI    LOWKST    BAROMRTRR, 


Apr 


80.070 
30.014 


Apr  3 


30.052 
SB.  928 


Apr  4 


20  964 

29.S48 


Apr  5  I  Apr  6 


30.211     30.000 
30.104!   29.961 


Apr  7 


30.142 
30.004 


Apr  8 


30.22S 
30.161 


WAXIMCM  AMD  MINIMUM  niRRMOMKTBR. 


M.8 

63.7 


03.7  I 

64.8  | 


02 


02 
62.8 


05 
57 


65 


07.1 
47 


66.3 

MKAN    DAILY    HUMIDITY. 

70.3|      72.6|      73.3|      70      |      68       |      64.3  (      63.(1 

PRBVAILINO   WIND. 
W      I       W      I      W      I     NW     |     8W     |     8W     |      W 

WIND — MILKS  TRAVRLBD. 
166     |    139     |    213      I      242     |     162     I     259      |    191 

STATU   OF    WKATIIF.R. 

Fair.   I    Fair.  |   Fair.   |    Fair.    |  Cloudy  |  Fair.    |  Gear. 

RAINCALL  IN  TWBNTT-FODR   IIODRR. 
I  |     .03      |      .11    |      .30    I       .10      |    .07 

Total  rain  duriDfc*  the  Reason,  trora  July  1.  1878.  20.76  In. 


OUR  AGENTS. 

Oi'R  Ffuk.vds  can  do  much  In  aid  of  our  paper  and  the 
cause  of  practical  knowledge  and  science,  by  assisting 
Agents  in  their  labors  of  canvassing,  by  lending  their 
Influence  and  encouraging  favors.  We  intend  to  Bend 
none  but  worthy  men. 

J.  L.  Thar? — San  Francisco. 

B.  W.  Crowbll — California. 

A.  C.  Knox — Pacific  Coast. 

J.  W.  A.  Wright.—  Ttilaro,  Fresno  and  Kern  counties. 

S.  V.  Blakrslrk  —Northern  California. 

II.  E.  Hallktt. — Stanislaus  and  Merced  counties. 

G.  W.  McGrbw. — Santa  Clara  county. 

Richard  Allen.—  British  Columbia. 

John  Micuelr — New  York  and  adjoining  cities. 

M.  D.  Shrader  —Alameda  County,  Cal. 

Jos.  DiMMcK. — Sonoma  and  Napa*  counties. 

Henrv  R.  Ewaldt.— Arizona  Territory. 

Jos.  Wahsos.— Mono  County,  Cal, 

L.  P.  McCarty. — Amador,  Calaveras  and  Tuolumne 
counties. 

Milton  Kennedy.— Tulare  County. 

R.  E.  Bt'SH.— Nevada  County,  Cal. 

Milt.  D.  Williamson. — San  Joaquin  county. 

J.  W.  II  \mm     -Sun  Joaquin  county. 


A  Library  for  Inventors. 

We  have  at  our  patent  offices,  No.  202  Sansome  street 
corner  Pine,  a  complete  Bet  of  Patent  Office  reports,  con 
tainfng  engravings  and  claims  of  every  patent  ever 
issued  in  the  United  States. 

We  have  also  a  complete  Bit  of  the  monthly  voldmbb 
issued  by  the  Department,  with  full  detailed  description 
and  large  drawings  of  all  the  patents  issued  since  the  time 
when  these  volumes  were  first  published. 

A  set  of  all  the  law  books  on  patents  is  also  on  our 
shelves  ready  for  reference.  We  have  alBO  the  British 
Commissioners  reports,  Canadian  Patent  Office  reports  for 
all  British  North  America,  full  files  of  Mining  and  Scien- 
tific Press,  Pacikic Rural  Press,  Scientific  American, 
Scientific  American  supplement,  American  Artisan 
and  other  American  and  foreign  scientific  and 
mechanical  journals,  as  well  as  mechanical  dictionaries 
chemistries,  encyclopedias,  and  other  works  of  reference. 

Inventors  and  patentees  are  welcome  to  examine  at 
their  leisure  any  of  the  books  in  the  above  Bets,  and  we 
shall  be  glad  to  give  them  any  assistance  in  hunting  up 
what  they  want. 

Our  library  is  the  most  complete  of  its  kind  on  the 
Pacific  Coast  in  every  respect,  and  wo  are  continually  add- 
•ng  to  it  as  occasion  demands.  DEWEY  &  CO., 

Patent  Agents  and  Publishers, 
No.  202  Sansome  street,  corner  Pine,  San  Francisco 


REGISTER     YOUR 

TRADE 


MARKS. 


The  U.  S.  Government  now  offers  greater  protection 
than  formerly  to  manufacturers  under  the  law  of  Trade 
Marks. 

Those  who  manufacture  a  superior  article,  or  put  up 
improved  packages  of  merchandise,  should  protect  them- 
selves from  imitations  by  registering  their  Trade  Marks. 

We  have  special  facilities  for  securing  full  rights  by  the 
registration  of  Trade  Marks,  and  our  terms  are  very  reas- 
onable. 

Consultations  free.  Many  dealers  have  missed  fortunes 
from  not  being  fully  informed  and  protecting  themselves 
in  their  rights. 

DEWEY  &  CO.,  Patent  Solicitors, 

No.  202  Sansome  Street,  S.  F. 
A.  T.  Dewbt.  W.  B.  Eweh.  Geo.  H.  Strom 


piping  and  Other  Companies. 

Persona  interested  in  incorporated  shares 
will  do  well  to  recommend  the  publication 
of  the  official  notices  of  their  companies 
in  this  paper,  as  the  cheapest  appropriate 
medium  for  the  same. 

Mount  Jefferson  Milling  and  Mining  Com- 
pany— Locution  of  vriuufiii  p&ee  at  bualnesi    Bu  Rntn< 

i-i      ■.  California.     Location  of  works,  Cdrrote  Minlii«    IHm 

trict,  Tuuimnn.'  County,  OaJUbrala. 

Notice   ||  hereby  linn,  that  a:  ■  mooting  of  the   Directors 
hold  On  Uie2lat  day  of  March,  l"<19,  &t}  asscwmieiil  (No  •■)  of 
flvo  cents  per  share  wu  levied  upon  the  capital  stock   at  tin 
corj-orntton.  uayuule  Immediately  in  United  Hut- 
to  the  Secretary  at  the  office  of  the  Company    K i   C     N<> 

318  Pint;  itnet,  Bu  Francisco,  Cal. 

Any  stock  upon  which  this  assesBUH-nt  shall  remain  unpaid 
on  the  2d  day  of  M, tv,  Wl',  will  bedfliuiin.nl,  ud  adfi  r- 
tiscd  for  sale  at  public  auction;  ami  uiik^.t  imyimiit  U  m.nlo 
before,  will  bo  sold  ouTuesday,  tiiu  27th  duj  ..[  \1;iy.  is;,',  u, 
pay  the  delinquent  assessment,  together  with  cisU  of  adver- 
tising and  expeusca  u(  sale. 

R.  X.  VAN  BRUNT.  Secretory. 

Office,  Room  6,  No.  318  Pine  Street*  Ban  Frundaco,  Col 

California  and  Oregon  Land  Company.— 

Location  of  principal  place  of  business.   San    Francisco, 
California.     Location  of  Works,  State  of  Oregon, 
NOTICE.— There  Is  delinquent   upon   the  following; de- 
scribed stock,  on  acciiuiit  ot  assessment  (No.  2)  levied  on 
the  first  day  of  March,  A.  D.,  1S7U,    the  several   unouoto 
set  opposite  the  names  of  the  rcsitcctive  shareholders,  as 
follows: 
Names.  No.  Certificate.  No.  Shares.  Amount. 

Allen,  JO 130  400  §100  00 

Pond,  KB 120  50  20  00 

Parks  Bro*.,  Trustees 133  250  100  00 

Parks  Bros. ,  Trustees 134  250  100  00 

Parks  Bros. ,  Trustees 135  250  100  00 

Parks  Bro".,  Trustees 130  250  100  00 

Woodrum,  O  P 106  100  40  00 

Woodrum,  OP 107  100  40  00 

Woodrum.  OP 108  100  40  00 

Woodrum,  0  P 109  100  40  00 

And  in  accordance  with  law,  ard  an  order  of  the  Board 
of  Directors,  made  on  the  first  day  of  March,  1«79,  bo 
many  shares  of  each  parcel  of  such  stock  as  may  bo  neces- 
sary, will  be  sold  at  public  auction,  at  the  office  of  the 
Company,  on  Saturday,  the  tenth  day  of  May,  A.  D., 
1S79.  at  the  hour  of  two  o'clock  p.  M.  of  said  day,  to  pay 
said  delinquent  asBoasment  thereon,  together  with  coats 
of  advertising  and  expenses  of  the  sale. 

R.  N.  VAN  BRUNT,  Secretary. 
Office,  Room  6,  No.  31S  Pine  street,  San  Francisco. 


Summit    Mining   Company.— Location  of 

Principal  place  of  business,  San  Francisco,  California. 

Location    of    works,   Mineral  Point  Minim?    District, 

Plumas  County,  Cal. 

Notice.— There  are  delinquent  upon  the  following  de- 
scribed stock,  on  account  of  assessment  (No.  7,)  levied  on 
the  4th  day  of  February,  A.  D.,  1S79,  the  several  amounts 
set  opposite  the  names  of  the  respective  shareholders,  as 
follows: 

Names.  No.  Certificate.  No.  Shares.  Amount. 

Bvere,  W  T  . . .    38  700  35  00 

Edwards,  J  E 39  700  35  00 

Gautier,  Gustave 156  200  10  00 

Kellogg,  H  W 46  1000  60  00 

Lehmann,  C,  Trustee 206  200  10  00 

Lehmann,  C,  Trustee 207  200  10  00 


Turner.  J  W 65  200  10  00 

Thompson,  R 24  1200  60  00 

And  in  accordance  with  law,  and  an  order  of  tliu  Board  of 
Director*!  uiudo  on  the  Fourth  day  of  February,  a  l«  , 
1870)  n  m  iny  iharei  of  each  pared"  ol  such  sto  i.  u  aw 
■■.M-v,  will  be  sold  at  pubUfl  motion,  at  the  office 
of  the  company.  No.  318  Pine  ulrtut,  U.».ni  ■.>,  s.m  li  .n- 
buoo,  CfJJmrata,  on  Tuesday,  the  Eighth  day  of  April, 
A  D  .  1570,  at  the  hour  of  ilir^-e  o'clock  i-  V,  of  said 
day,  to  pay  uaid  delinquent   a-^e-^inciit    thereon, 

(ritfa  ooite  of  -ttfverUauur  and  expenses  ol  the    i  ■ 

R    N     VAN    i;ki  a  I'    S.v'\. 
Office.  Room  6.  No.  818  Pine  Street,  Ban  Francisco,  Cal. 

POSTPONEMENT.— Tha  side  of  delinquent  stock  of  the 
■■  ■  ii  <  •■■iiipany    is  hereby  post|MHic.l   until    Tues- 
day, the  Sixth  day  of  May,  1879,  at  the  same  hour  and 
place.     By  order  of  the  Board  of  Directors, 

R.  N.  VAN  BRUNT,  Secretary. 
Office,  Room  6.  No.  318  Pine  street,  San  Fraootaoo. 


Union   Stone   Company.— The  Regular 

Annual  meeting  of  the  Union  Stone  Company  of  Califor- 
nia for  an  election  of  u  Hoard  of  Director*  (to  act  as  Trus- 
tees) to  serve  the  Company  for  tho  ensuing  year,  and  roi 
such  other  busluoM  as  may  properly  come  before  the 
meeting,  will  bo  held  at  tho  office  of  the  Secretary  of  the 
Company  at  237  First  Street,  San  Francisco,  California, 
on  Tuesday,  April  8th,  1879,  at  11  o'clock  \    \i 

R    F.  KNOX,  b'ecreuirv. 
San  Francisco,  March  20th,  1879. 


^Mining 


,  For  Sale  ' 

"Berry&  Place 

At  the  Old  Stand,  Market,  head  of  Front  Street,  S.  F. 


SUGAR   FROM    MELONS. 

Indigenous  sutrars  and  directions  for  makintr  sugar  from 
melons.  A  most  complete  and  praclical  treatise  on  mak- 
ing sugar  from  both  beets  and  melons,  giving  full  Infor- 
mation as  regards  the  best  soil;  the  quality  of  products; 
their  culture;  how  to  gather  them;  how  to  obtain  the 
juice; makinerthe sugar; crystallization; grape  sugar;  sugar 
from  sorghum,  etc..  embracing  upwirds  of  55  pages, 
bound  in  neat  pamphlet  form.  Compiled  and  original  t<\ 
W.  Wadsworth.  Owing  to  a  surplus  on  hand,  the  pub- 
lishers of  the  above  book  have  reduced  tho  price  to  10  Cte., 
postage  paid.  Address  DEWEY  &  CO.,  202  Siiisome  St., 
San  Francisco. 


The  Large  Circulation  of  the  Min- 
ing  and  Scientific  Press  extends  through- 
out the  mining  districts  of  California,  Nevada, 
Utah,  Colorado,  Arizona,  Idaho,  Montana- 
British  Columbia,  and  to  other  parts  of  North 
and  South  America.  Established  in  1860,  it 
has  long  been  the  leading  Mining  Journal  of 
the  continent,  its  varied  and  reliable  contents 
giving  it  a  character  popular  with  both  its 
reading  and  advertising  patrons. 


T^acific  Elevator  VS^orks. 

REINHARDT  &  MURRAY,  Proprietors, 


PLANS, 

Specifications   and 
Estimates 

PREPARED 


Zee    and 
Refrigerating 

MACHINES. 


STEAM 

ENGINES, 
BOILER 

AND 

SHAFTING 

CONTRACTS 
TAKEN. 


MANDFACTUBBR8    OP 


Hydraulic,  Steam,  Passenger  and  Freight 

ELEVATORS. 


Also,  Worm,  Belt,  Sidewalk  Hoists  and  Dumbwaiters. 


XO.  303  MISSION  ST.,  SAN  FRANCISCO. 

Send  for  Circular.  Mention  this  Paper. 


DEWEY    &    CO. 
American  &  Foreign  PatentAgents, 

OFFICE,  202  SANSOME  St.,  N.E-Cor.  PlHB,  S.  F. 

PATENTS  obtained  promptly;  Caveats  filed 
expeditiously;  Patent  Reissues  taken  out 
Assignment*  made  and  recorded  in  legal  form; 
Copies  of  Patents  and  Assignments  procured; 
Examinations  of  Patents  made  here  and  at 
Washington;  Kxaminations  made  of  Assign- 
ments recorded  in  Washington;  Kxaminations 
ordered  and  reported  by  Telegraph;  Rejected 
cases  taken  op  and  Patents  obtained;  Inter 
ferenoea  Prosecuted;  Opinions  rendered  re 
garding  the  validity  of  Patents  and  Assign- 
ments; Every  legitimate  branch  of  Patent 
Agency  Business  promptly  and  thoroughly 
conducted 

Our  intimate  knowledge  of  the  various  inven- 
tions of  this  coast,  and  long  practice  in  patent 
business,  enable  us  to  abundantly  satisfy  our 
patrons;  and  our  success  and  business  are 
constantly  increasing. 

The  shrewdest  and  most  experienced  Inventors 
are  found  among  our  most  steadfast  friends 
and  patrons,  who  fully  appreciate  our  advan- 
tages in  bringing  valuable  inventions  to  the 
notice  of  the  public  through  tho  columns  of 
our  widely  circulated,  tirst-class  journals — 
thereby  facilitating  their  introduction,  sale 
and  popularity. 

Foreign  Patents. 

In  addition  to  American  Patents,  we  Beeure, 
with  the  assistance  of  co-operative  agents, 
claims  in  all  foreign  countries  which  grant 
Patents,  including  Great  Britain,  France, 
Belgium,  Prussia,  Austria,  Baden,  Peru, 
Kussia,  Spain,  British  India,  Saxony,  British 
Columbia,  Canada,  Norway,  Sweden,  Mexico, 
Victoria,  BrazU,  Bavaria,  Holland,  Denmark, 
Italy,  Portugal,  Cuba,  Roman  States, 
Wurtemburg,  New  Zealand,  New  South 
Wales,  Queensland,  Tasmania,  Brazil,  New 
Granada,  CJiile,  Argentine  Republic,  AND 
EVERY  COUNTRY  IN  THE  WORLD 
where  Patents  are  obtainable. 

No  models  are  required  in  European  countries, 
but  the  drawings  and  specifications  should  be 
prepared  with  thoroughness,  by  able  persons 
who  are  familiar  with  the  requirements  and 
changes  of  foreign  patent  laws — ageuts  who 
are  reliable  and  permauently  established. 

Our  schedule  price  for  obtaiuiug  foreign  patents! 
in  all  cases,  will  always  be  as  low,  and  in 
some  instances  lower,  than  those  of  any  other 
responsible  agency. 

We  can  and  do  get  foreign  patents  for  inventors 
hi  the  Pacific  States  from  two  to  six  months 
(according  to  the  location  of  the  country) 
sooner  than  any  other  agents. 

The  principal  portion  of  the  patent  business  of 
this  coast  has  been  done,  and  is  still  being 
done,  through'  our  agency.  We  are  familiar 
with,  and  have  full  records,  of  all  former 
cases,  and  can  more  correctly  judge  of  the 
value  and  patentability  of  inventions  discov- 
ered here  than  any  other  agents. 

Situated  so  remote  from  the  seat  of  government, 
delays  are  even  more  dangerous  to  the  invent- 
ors of  the  Pacific  Coast  than  to  applicants  in 
the  Eastern  States.  Valuable  patents  may  be 
lost  by  extra  time  consumed  in  transmitting 
specifications  from  Eastern  agencies  back  to 
this  coast  for  the  signature  of  the  inventor. 

Confidential. 

CVe  take  great  pains  to  preserve  secrecy  in 
all  confidential  matters,  and  applicants  for 
patents  can  rest  assured  that  their  communi- 
cations and  business  transactions  will  be  held 
strictly  confidential  by  us.     Circulars  free 

H  me    Counsel. 

Our  long  experience  in  obtaining  patents  for 
Inventors  on  this  Coast  has  familiarized  us 
with  the  character  of  most  of  the  inventions 
already  patented;  hence  we  are  frequently 
able  to  save  our  patrons  the  cost  of  a  fruitless 
application  by  pointing  to  them  the  same 
thing  already  covered  by  a  patent.  We  are 
always  free  to  advise  applicants  of  auy 
knowledge  we  have  of  previous  applicants 
which  will  interfere  with  their  obtaining  a 
patent. 

We  invite  the  acquaintance  of  all  parties  con- 
nected with  inventions  and  patent  right  busi- 
ness, believing  tha€  the  mutual  conference  of 
legitimate  business  and  professional  men  is 
mutual  gain.  Parties  in  doubt  in  regard  to 
their  rights  as  assignees  of  patents  or  pur- 
chasers of  patented  articles,  can  often  receive 
advice  of  importance  to  them  from  a  short  call 
at  our  office. 

Remittances  of  money,  made  by  individual  in- 
ventors to  the  Government,  sometimes  mis- 
carry, and  it  has  repeatedly  happened  that 
applicants  have  not  only  lost  their  money,  but 
their  inventions  also,  from  this  cause  and  con- 
sequent dejay.  We  hold  ourselves  responsible 
for  all  fees  entrusted  to  our  agency. 

Engravings. 

We  have  superior  artists  in  our  own  office,  and 
all  facilities  for  producing  fine  and  satisfactory 
illustrations  of  inventions  and  machinery,  for 
newspaper,  book,  circular  and  other  printed  il- 
lustrations, and  are  always  ready  to  assist 
patrons  in  bringing  their  valuable  discoveries 
into  practical  and  profitable  use. 

DEWEY    &  CO. 
United  States  and  Foreign  Patent  Agents,  pub- 
lishers   Mining   and  Scientific    Press  and  the 
Pacific  Rural  Press,  202  Sansome  St.,  N  E. 
corner  Pine,    S.  F. 


246 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[April  12,   1879. 


Iron  and  JVIachipe  hh 


THOS.  PENDERGAST. 


HENRY  S.  SMITH. 


^ETNA   IRON    WORKS,? 

MAIgTTFACTPRBBB   OP 

IRON  CASTINGS 

and      MACHINERY 

OF  ALL  KINDS. 

Fremont  Street,  Bet.  Howard  and  Folsom, 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 


SACRAMENTO  BOILER   WORKS, 

214  &  216  BBALE  St.,  (rear  of  JEtan  Foundry1 

J.  V.  HALL, 

PRACTICAL    BOILER    MAKER, 

Marine,  Stationary  and  Portable  Boilers,  Smoke  Stacks, 

Hydraulic  Pipe,   Oil  or  Water  Tanks,     Ore  and 

Water  Buckets,  Gasometers,  Girders,  Bridges 

and   Iron    Ship    Building;. 

ALL    KINDS    OF   SHEET    IRON    WORK. 

Repairing   promptly   attended   to    at   the 
lowest    possible   terms. 

UNION  IRON  WORKS, 

SACRAMENTO,    CAL. 
ROOT,    NEILSON    &    CO., 

MANUFACTURERS  OF 

STEAM    ENGINES,  BOILERS   AND    ALL 
Kinds  of  Machinery  for  Mining  Purposes. 

Flouring  Mills',  Saw  Mills'  and  Quartz  Mills*  Machinery 

constructed,  fitted  up  and  repaired. 

Front  Street,  Between  N  and  O  Streets, 

BA.CRA.ME.VTO,      CAL. 


PHELPS 
MANUFACTURING    COMPANY, 

Manufacturers  of  all  kinds  of 

Wnarf  and  Bridge  Bolts,    Bailroad  Trestle 

Work,   Car  Frames  and  Bolts,  Machine 

Bolts,   Set  Screws    and   Tap  Bolts, 

Lag   or    Coach    Screws. 

ALL  STYLES   OF  FANCY  HEAD  BOLTS. 

HOI  AND  COLD  PRESSED  HEXAGONAL  AND 

SQUARE  NUTS,  WASHERS,  BOLT  ENDS, 

TURNBUCKLES,  ETC.,  ETC. 

13, 15  and  17  Drumm  St.,  near  California, 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 


Golden  State  &  Miners  Iron  Works, 

Manufacture  Iron  Castings  and  Machinery 
of  all  Kinds  at  Greatly  Reduced  Rates. 

STEVENSON'S  PATENT 

Mold-Board  AMALGAMATORS, 
Golden  State  Pressure  Blowers. 

First  St..  between  Howard  &  Folsom,  S.  F. 


John  aro  all. 


Machine   Works, 


Wm.  H.  Birch. 

California 

BIRCH,    ARGALL    &    CO., 

119  Beale  Street,  San  Francisco. 

£3TGeneral  Mechanical  Engineers  and  Machinists. 
Steam  Engines,  Flour,  Quartz  and  Mining  Machinery. 
Sole  manufacturers  of  Brodie'a  Patent  Rock  Crushers  and 
Steel-Faced  Tappits.  Steam,  Hydraulic  and  Sidewalk 
Elevators.    Repairing  promptly  attended  to. 


California    Brass    Foundry, 

No,  125  First  Street,  Opposite  Minna. 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 

All  kinds  of  Brass,  Composition,  Zinc,  and  Babbitt 
Metal  Castings,  Brass  Ship  Work  of  all  kinds,  Spikes, 
sheathing  Nails,  Rudder  Braces,  Hinges,  Ship  and  Steam- 
boat Bells  and  Gongs  of  superior  tone.  All  kinds  of  Cocks 
and  Valves,  Hydraulic  Pipes  and  Nozzles,  and  Hose  Coup- 
lings and  Connections  of  all  sizes  a.nd  patterns,  furnished 
with  dispatch.  3&.PRICES  MODERATE.  *^£ 

J.  H.  WEED.  V.  KINGWELL. 


STEAM  ENGINES  AND  BOILERS 

Of  all  sizes — from  2  to  60-Horse  power.  Also,  Quartz 
Mills,  Mining  Pumps,  Hoisting  Machinery,  Shafting,  Iron 
Tanks,  etc.     For  sale  at  the  lowest  prices  by 

J.    HENDY,  49  and  51  Fremont  Street,  S.  F. 


THOMAS  THOMPSON. 


THORNTON  THOMPSON. 


THOMPSON    BROTHERS, 

EUREKA    FOUNDRY, 

129  and  131  Beale  St. ,  between  Mission  and  Howard,  S,  F 

MANUFACTURKRS  OF  CASTINGS  OF  EVERY  DESCRIPTION. 


WIND  MILL 


One  of  the  best  made  in  this.  State 
for  sale  cheap  on  easy  terms!    Ad- 
,  W.  T.  care  of  Dewey  &  Co.,  S.  F. 


GEORGE  W.  PRESCOTT. 


IRVTNG  M.  SCOTT. 


H.  T.  SCOTT. 


IJNioN    |ron    ffro r k s . 

Office,  61  First  St.  |  Cor,  First  &  Mission  Sts.,  S.  F.  |  P,   O.    Box,   2128. 


BUILDERS     OF 


Steam,    Air   and    Hydraulic    Machinery. 

Home  Industry.— All  Work  Tested  and  Guaranteed. 

Vertical  Engines, 
Horizontal  Engines, 
Automatic  Cut-off  Engines, 
Compound  Condensing  Engines, 
Shafting, 

TRY    OUR    MAKE,  CHEAPEST    AND    BEST    IN    USE. 
Send  for  Late  Circulars.  PRESCOTT,  SCOTT  &  CO. 


Baby  Hoists, 

Stamps, 

Ventilating  Fans, 

Pans, 

Rock  Breakers, 

Settlers, 

Self-Feeders, 

Retorts, 

Pulleys, 

Etc.  ,  Etc 

"W  i  1 1  i  a  111      H  awkins, 

Successor  to 

MACHINE      WO  RKS, 
210  and  212  Beale  Street,  bet.  Howard  and  Folsom  Sts.,    -    -    San  Francisco. 

Manufacturers    of 

IMPROVED    PORTABLE    HOISTING    ENGINES, 

For  Mining  and  Other  Purposes. 

Steam  Engines  and  all  Kinds  of  Mill  and  Mining  Machinery. 


Pacific  Rolling  Mill  Co., 

SAN    FRANCISCO,    CAL. 

MANUFACTURERS    OF 

RAILROAD  AND    MERCHANT  IRON, 

ROLLED  BEAMS,  ANGLE,  CHANNEL  AND  T  IKON,  BRIDGE  AND  MACHINE  BOLTS,  LAG  SCREWS,  NUTS 
WASHERS,  ETC.,  STEAMBOAT   SHAFTS,  CRANKS,  PISTONS,  CONNECTING    RODS,  ETC.,  ETC. 

Car  and  Locomotive  Axles  and  Frames,  and  Hammered  Iron  of  Every  Description. 

HIGHEST    PRICE    PAID    FOR    SCRAP    IRON. 

«-  Orders  Solicited  and  Promptly  Executed.  Office,  No.  16  FIRST  STREET. 


Fulton    Iron    "W^orks. 

Hinckley,  Spiers  &  Hayes. 


(ESTABLISHED    IN    1855.) 

Works,  Fremont  and  Howard  Sts.  |  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

MANUFACTURERS    OF 


Office,  No.  213  Fremont  St. 


Marine  Engines  and   Boilers, 

Propeller  Engines  either  High  Pressure  or  Com- 
pound Stern  or  Side  Wheel  Engines. 

Mining   Machinery. 

Hoisting  Engines  and  Works,  Cages,  Ore  Buckets,  Ore 
Cars,  Pumping  Engines  and  Pumps,  Water  Buckets, 
Pump  Columns,  Air  Compressors,  Air  Receivers, 
Air    Pipes. 


Pans,  Settlers,  Furnaces,  Retorts,  Concentrators,  Ore 
Feeders,  Rock  Breakers,  Furnaces  for  Reducing  Ores 
Water  Jackets,  Etc. 


Sugar   Machinery. 


Crushing  Rolls,  Clarifiers,  Vacuum  Pans,  Air  Pumps, 
Concentrators,  Bag  Filters,  Charcoal  Filters,  Blow-up 
Tanks,  Coolers  and  Receiving  Tanks. 


Miscellaneous   Machinery. 


Flour  Mill  Machinery,  Saw  Mill  Engines  and  Boilers, 
Dredging  Machinery,  Oil  Well  Retorts,  Powder  Mill  Ma- 
chinery, Waiter  Wheels. 


Mill  Machinery. 

Batteries  for  Dry  or     Wet  Crushing,     Amalgamating 
FnninPC     and     RflilAPC  of  all  kinds,  either  for  use  on  Steamboats  and  made  in  accordance  with  the 
Qliyillco     dllu     DUilcf  o  Act  of  Congress  regulating  the  same,  or  for  use  on  land.  Water  Pipe,  Pump 
or  Air  Column,  Fish  Tanks  for  Salmon  Canneries  of  every  description. 
Boiler  repairs  promptly  attended  to  and  at  very  moderate  rates. 


PACIFIC    IRON    WORKS, 

First  and  Fremont  Streets,  between  Mission  and   Howard,   San   Francisco,  Cal., 
RANKIN,    BRAYTON    &    CO., 

Manufacturers    of 

ENGINES,  BOILERS,   MARINE   AND    STATIONARY.      PUMPING,   HOISTING,  AND    MINING    MACHINERY 

INCLUDING  BATTERIES,  AMALGAMATING  PANS  AND  SETTLERS,  CONCENTRATORS,  ORE  FEEDERS, 

CRUSHING  ROLLS  AND  ROCK  BREAKERT.     ALSO,  WATER  JACKET  SMELTING  FURNACES, 

FOR  REDUCING  LEAD,  SILVER    AND    COPPER    ORES,  QUICKSILVER    FURNACES, 

RETORTS  AND  CONDENSERS,  ROASTING  AND  CHLORIDIZING  FURNACES, 

-•,     SUGAR   MILL    MACHINER  . .   WATER    WHEELS,  Etc.,  ALL    OF    THE 

LATEST  AND  MOST  IMPROVED  CONSTRUCTION. 

Agents  for  the  Allen  Engine  Governor,  Bailey  Air  Compressor,  Howell's 
Improved  White  Furnaces,  "Walker's  Compound  Steam  Pumps,  Etc. 


"\7Vestem  Iron  "Wor*ls.s, 

316     and     318     Mission     Street,     San     Francisco, 

PERRY  EDWARDS,  Prop'r. 

Manufacturer  of  Wrought  Iron  Girders,  Trusses,   Prison   Cells,  Iron  Roofs,  Crest 

Railings,  Finials,  Fences,  Weathervanes,  Gratings,  Iron  Work  for  Models,  Etc. 

Nickel  Plated  Railingg.        Bank  and  Store  Fittings,       Estimates  given  and  Iron  Work  furnished  lor  Building's. 


Take  the  Paper  that  stands  by  your  in- 
terests. 


Dewey  &  Co{28°oLflt}  Patent  Ag'ts 


Corner  Beale  and  Howard  Sts., 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 

W.  H.  TAYLOR,  Pres't.  JOSEPH  MOORE,  Sup't. 

Builders  of  Steam  Machinery 

In  all  its  Branches, 

Steamboat,  Steamship,  Land 

Engines  and  Boilers, 

HIGH  PRESSURE  OR  COMPOUND. 

STEAM  VESSELS,  of  all  kinds,  built  complete  with 
Hulls  of  Wood,  Iron  or  Composite. 

ORDINARY  ENGINES  compounded  when  ad- 
visable. 

STEAM  LAUNCHES,  Barges  and  Steam  Tugs  con- 
structed with  reference  to  the  Trade  in  which  they  are 
to  be  employed.  Speed,  tonnage  and  draft  of  water 
guaranteed. 

STEAM  BOILERS.  Particular  attention  given  to 
the  quality  of  the  material  and  workmanship,  and  none 
but  first-class  work  produced. 

SUGAR  MILLS  AN  D  SUGAR-MAKING 
MACHINERY  made  after  the  most  approved  plana. 
Also,  all  Boiler  Iron  Work  connected  therewith. 

WATER  PIPE,  of  Boiler  or  Sheet  Iron,   of  any  Bize 
made  in  suitable  lengths  for  connecting  together, 
sheets  rolled,  punched,  and  packed  for  shipment  ready 
to  be  riveted  on  the  ground. 

HYDRAULIC  RIVETING.  Boiler  Work  and 
Water  Pipe  made  by  this  establishment,  riveted  by 
Hydraulic  Riveting  Machinery,  that  quality  of  work 
being  far  superior  to  hand  work, 

SHIP  "WORK.  Ship  and  Steam  Capstains,  Steam 
Winches,  Air  and  Circulating  Pumps,  made  after  the 
most  approved  plans. 

PUMPS.  Direct  Acting  Pumps,  for  Irrigation  or  City 
Water  Works  purposes,  built  with  the  celebrated  Davy 
Valve  Motion,  superior  to  any  other  Pump. 


—  at  thb  — 

Electric  Model  &  Machine  Works 

Inventors  and.  others  can  (yet  Pirst-CIass 
Work  at  Moderate  Prices. 

After  10  years  experience  with  inventions  and  other 
mechanical  work,  I  am  fully  prepared  to  execute  draw- 
ings, working-models  and  fine  machinery  of  any  descrip- 
tion to  entire  satisfaction. 

Brass  Finishing,  Pattern  Making,  Gear  Cutting,  Tele- 
graphic and  other  Electrical  Apparatus  by  competent 
workmen. 

TELEPHONES    TO    ORDER. 

F.  W.  FULLER,  415  Market  Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


Main    Street    Iron    Works, 

WM.    DEACON,    PROPRIETOR. 

Nos.  131, 133  &  135  Main  St.,  San  Francisco. 

Stationary  and  Marine  Engines, 

Shafting,  Pulleys,  and  General  Machine  Work.  Jobbing 
and  repairing  done  Promptly  and  at  Lowest  Rates. 
Screw  Propelfors,  Propellor  and  Steamboat  Engines. 

SAW  MILLS  and  SAW  MILL  MACHINERY. 


SIMi^iS 


d   /5ixl2 

■a 

IJ 

Si    8x12 

K  9xU 
^   UOxli 

"^  I  7*12 
3 <  8xi2 
I  9X14 
C)   ^10x14 


Market,  head  of  Front  Street,  San  Francisco. 


Diamond    Drill    Co. 

The  undersigned,  owners  of  LESCHOrS  PATENT 
for  DIAMOND  POINTED  DRILLS,  now  brought  to  the 
highest  state  of  perfection,  are  prepared  to  fill  orders 
for  the  IMPROVED  PROSPECTING  AND  TUNNELING 
DRILLS,  with  or  without  power,  at  short  notice,  and 
at  reduced  prices.  Abundant  testimony  furnished  of 
the  great  economy  and  successful  working  of  numerous 
machines  in  operation  in  the  quartz  and  gravel  mines 
on  this  coast.  Circulars  forwarded,  and  full  infor- 
mation given  upon  application. 

A.  J.  SEVERANCE  &  CO. 
Office,  No.  320  Sansome  street.  Room  10. 


GOLD    MINE    WANTED. 

One  now  paying  more  than  expenses.     Addres 

W-    S.    KEYES,    M.    E., 
No.  310  Pine  St.,  Room  42.   San  Francisco 


Should  con- 
sult DEWEY 
&  CO.,  Asibr- 


California  Inventors 

ican  and  Foreign  Patent  Solicitors.  Established  in 
I860.  Their  long  experience  as  journalists  and  large  prac- 
tice as  patent  attorneys  enables  them  to  offer  Pacific  Coast 
inventors  far  better  service  than  they  can  obtain  else- 
where.    Send  for  free  circulars  of  information.     Office  of 

the    MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS    and    PACIFIC     RURAL 

Press,  No.  202  Sansome  St.,  San  Francisco. 


April  12,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


247 


BURLEIGH   ROCK   DRILL, 

Does  more  work  at  Less  Cost  And. 

THAN  ANY  OTHER   ROCK  DRILL.  LADDER 

Trucks. 


Mining    Machinery    Depot, 

PARKE   6l   LACY,   417   Market  St. 

AIR  COMPRESSORS  and  ROCK  DRILLS. 

HOISTING    IKHsTGrHLSTES, 

ALL  SIZES,  DOUBLE  AND  SINGLE,  WITH  SINliLE  and  DOUBLE  HEELS. 

Pressure  Blowers.     Diamond  Anti-Friction  Metal.     Flexible   Shafts. 
PUMP 

And 
AIR 

COLUMN 

HOOK 

•J     fc^.   ;     \f:'JT*\%*    1  ifl   ft   ft  liflilT' ' 

MACHINISTS'   TOOLS. 


FIRE  ENGINES, 

Babcock  Chemical  Engines, 

Hose  Carts  and  Fire  Extinguishers. 


Irrigating.       burleigh  air   compressor, 

Gives  Better  Results  than  any 
Compressor  Known. 

Putnam's    Wood-Working    Machinery. 


DEANE'S     STEAM      PUMPS, 

VERTICAL    AND    HORIZONTAL. 


Lathe  Chucks.     Farmers'  Battery. 

HILL'S    EXPLODERS. 

SEND    FOR  CIRCULARS. 


RUSSELL'S  AMALGAMATOR. 


THE  SAFETY  POWDER  COMPANY, 

San,  Francisco,  Cal. 


Patented  June  25th 


SJL"V"E    "STOTTIR,    GOLD 
And    Also    SAVE    YOUR    QUICKSILVER. 

The  above  Washer  and  Amalgamator  with  new  patent  Wire  Bridge  Quicksilver  Boxes  attached,  can  be  worked 
wet  or  dry,  either  by  hand,  steam,  horse  or  water  power,  and  is  easily  taken  apart  and  packed.  For  washing'  Pulp, 
Earth,  Gravel,  Mill  Tailings  or  Black  Sand,  it  is  without  a  rival. 

Has  been  Thoroughly  Tested  and  given  Complete  Satisfaction. 


The  entire  Lining,  Hanging  Plates,  Riffled  and  Boxes  Amalgamated 

IS    GUARANTEED    TO   SAVE    THE    FINEST    OR     FLOAT    GOLD. 

Capacity,  30  to  60  tons  per  day,  according  to  size.     For  further  particulars  apply  to 

J.  MORIZIO,  Gen'l  Agt., 

Room  24,  Safe  Deposit  Building,  Corner  Montgomery  and  California  Streets,   SAN  FRANCISCO. 


SANDERSON  BROS.  &  CO.'S 

Best  Refined.  Oast-Steel. 

Warranted  Most  Superior  for  Drills,  Hammers,  Etc. 

A  full  and    complete  stock   of  this  reliable  and  well-known 
brand  of  Steel,  for  mining  and  other  uses,  now  in  stock  and  for  sale 

At  No.  417  Market  St,  S.  F.,   -   H.  D.  Morris,  Agent. 


San   Francisco   Pioneer   Screen   Works, 

J.  W.  QUICK,  Manufacturer, 


Hi 


Several  firat  premiums  received 
for  Quartz  Mill  Screens,  and  Per- 
forated Sheet  Metals  of  every 
I  description.  I  would  call  special 
attention  to  my  SLOT  CUT  and 
SLOT  PUNCHED  SCREENS, 
I  which  are  attracting  much  at  ■ 
I  tention  and  giving  universal 
I  satisfaction.  Tbis  is  the  only 
I  establishment  on  the  coast  de- 
voted exclusively  to  the  manufac- 
ture of  Screens.  Mill  owners  using  Battery  Screens  exten- 
sively can  contract  for  large  supplies  at  favorable  rates. 
Orders  solicitedand  promptly  attended  to. 

32  Fremont  Street.  San  Francisco. 


Good  land  that  will  raise  a  crop  every 
year.  Over  14,000  acres  for  sale  in  lots  to 
suit.  Cl.mate  healthy.  No  drouths,  bad 
floods,  nor  malaria.  Wood  and  water 
convenient.  U.  S  Title,  perfect.  Send  stamp  for  illus- 
trated circular,  to  EDWARD  FRISBIE,  Proprietor  of 
Reading  Ranch,  Anderson,  Shasta  County,  Cal. 


LAND 


THE    AMERICAN 

TURBINE 

Water  Wheels 


Al'  sizes, 

and  adapted  to 

from 

3  to  500 

feet  head. 


THE  BEST  IN  THE 
WORLD ! 

Send  for  our  Circular 
and  Prices. 

BERRY  &  PLACE. 

i  Market  St.,  Head  of  Front, 

San  Francisco. 


CARTRIDGE. 


GEN.LW.  S.  R0SECRANS, 
President. 


Safety  Cap  and  PuBe. 


COL.  SAM'L  0.  GREGORY, 
Secretary. 


Fuse  Lighter  and  Fupe. 


Electric  Cap. 


Safety  Powder,  Caps,  Electric  Caps,  and  Fuse  Lighters. 

Under  a  series  of  U.  S.  Patents,  after  long  and  carefully  conducted  experiments  and  thou- 
sands of  tests,  this  Company  is  prepared  to  manufacture  and  supply,  for  Mining  and  Engineering 
Works,  the  above  named  articles  at  prices  and  on  terms  as  favorable  as  articles  of  similar  grades 
are  now  supplied  in  this  market.  Our  Powders  contain  no  Nitro-glyceriue,  no  Nitroline,  no  Gun 
Cotton,  no  Fulminates,  and  are  free  from  the  unavoidable  dangers  in  manufacturing ' 
transporting,  handling  and  using  of  all  high  grade  explosives  which  contain  those  elements. 

Cold  does  not  affect  them.  They  cause  no  headaches  or  other  inconveniences  in  handling, 
and  the  smoke  from  their  explosion  contains  no  poisoning  or  sickening  vapors. 

Their  blasting  force,  with  slight  tamping,  at  least  equals  that  of  any  Powders  now  used,  but 
they  admit  and  require  strong  tamping  to  bring  out  their  immense  and  peculiar  lifting  power 
which  follows  their  detonating  work.     They  should  be  fired,  therefore,  by  our 

Safety   Cap, 

Which  allows  tamping  without  danger.  They  can  be  fired  by  any  caps  now  emploj'ed  in  blasting, 
but  the  use  of  these  is  always  dangerous  with  any  Powder,  and  the  loss  of  the  throwing  (power 
resulting  from  lack  of  tamping  renders  it  with  our  Powders  doubly  objectionable. 

Our  SAFETY  CAPS  have  twice  or  thrice  the  force  of  triple  Giant  Caps.  When  set  on  fire 
they  do   not  explode,  but  merely  burn  off,  and  are  perfectly  safe  in  transporting  and  in  tamping. 

In  round  tin  boxes,  50  cents. 

The  Safety   Fuse   Lighter, 

Cheap,  handy  and  sure  to  light  the  Fuse  upon  the  end  of  which  it  is  fastened,  only  needs  a  trial 
to  be  appreciated  by  every  miner  who  is  up  to  "snuffs."     25  Cents  per  box;  sent  by  mail. 

Safety   Fuse, 

Equal  to  the  best  in  the  market,  will  be  supplied  at  the  lowest  market  prices. 


In  consequence  of  spurious  imitations  of 

LEA    AND    PERRINS'    SAUCE, 

•which  are  calculated  to  deceive  the  Public,  Lea  and  Perrins 
have  adopted  A  NE  W  LABEL,  bearing  their  Signature, 
thus. 


dceast&Lr. 


which  is  placed  on  eve~y  bottle  of  WORCESTERSHIRE 
SA  UCE,  and  without  which  none  is  genuine. 

Ask  for  LEA  &•  PERRINS'  Sauce,  and  see  Name  on  Wrapper,  Label,  Bottle  and  Stopper. 
Wholesale  and  for  Export  by  the  Proprietors,  Worcester  ;  Crosse  and  Blackwell,  London, 
Gfc,  &*c;  and  by  Grocers  and  Oilmen  throvhout  the  World. 

To  be  obtained  ;of  CROSS  &  CO.,  San  Francisco. 


248 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[April  12,   1879. 


A.  L.  FISH  &  CO.,  9  and  1 1  First  St.,  S.  F.,  Cal. 


.A.IIR,    OOMPBBSSOBS 

AND 

J$L±ir   OoItjlzxxix, 

Steam 
PUMPS, 

AND 

Pump  Column, 
STEAM 

Fire  Engines 

BACON'S  HOISTING   ENGINE.  AND 

Specially  adapted  to  use  in  Mines,  Hotels,  Factories  and 


y  adapted  to  use  m  Mines,  Hotels,  factories  and         "□"_„„      fto-nfa  We  guarantee  to  raise  Water  with  ihese  Pumps  1,000  feet, 

Steamships,  with  BACON'S  SAFETY  STOP.  JlOSe      UailSi  single  lift,  without  shock  or  jar  on  Pomps  or  Pipes. 


LATHES,  PLACES, 
ROCK  DRILLS,  Etc. 

STEAM     HAMMERS, 

ENGINE 

Governors, 

WINE, 
CIDER, 

AND 

UNION    ROCK    DRILL 

IidrO.   X  rGSSGSi     We  offer  this  as  the  Least  Complicated  and  Mob 
Durable  Rock  Drill  yet  introduced. 


ENGINES,     BOILERS,    QUARTZ    MILLS,    SAW    MILLS,    &c,    &c. 


/Mmfe. 


BALDWIN'S   THEATER. 

THOMAS  MAGUIRE Manager. 

F.  Lyster Acting  Manager. 

Chas.  H.  Goodwin Treasurer. 

J.  P.  Chapman Assistant  Treasurer. 

ITALIAN~OPERA. 

Corner  Market  and  Powell  Streets.  Open  every 
evening  and  Saturday  matinee.     Box  office  open  daily. 

BUSH    STREET   THEATER. 

Chas.  E.  Locke Lessee  and  Manager 

HYERS~SISTERS. 
Open  every  evening;  and  Saturday  Matinee. 

CALIFORNIA  THEATER. 

Barton  &  Lawlor Manager. 

Barton  Hill Acting  Manager. 

THE    SHAUGHRAUN. 

Sush  Street,  above  Kearny.  Open  every  evening.  Box 
office  open  from  9  A.  u.  to  10  p.  ai.  Seats  may  be  Becured 
six  days  in  advance. 

GRAND    OPERA    HOUSE. 

THOMAS  MAGUIRE Manager. 

Fred  Ltster Acting  Manager. 

THE    PASSION    PLAY. 

Mission  Street,  near  Third.     Box  office  open  daily. 


GARDNERS' 

Celebrated 

overnir 

These  Steam  Governors  have  long 
been  known  as  THE  BEST,  and 
as  lately  Improved  and  Per- 
fected, they  have  no  Rival. 

THE    SAFETY     STOP 

On  these  Governors  is  alone  worth  double  the  price  of 
the  Governor.    We  have  sold  over  six  hundred,  and 

Never  one  has  Failed. 

They  are  sold  at  the  same  price  (or  less)  as  ordinary 
Governors.    Send  for  Circular. 

BERRY   &   PLACE, 

Market,  head  of  Front  St.,  San  Francisco 

FOR    SALE. 
Reduction.     Works, 

—  AT  — 

Melrose  Station,  Alameda  County, 

—  WITH   AN  — 

EXCELLENT  ARTESIAN    WELL. 

Apply  to    UNGER  &  MENDHEIM, 

208  Montgomery  St.,  San  Francisco. 


Dunham,  Garriga 


Nos.  107,  ]09  &  111  Front  Street,  S.  F. 
Lathe    Without    Saw    Attachments. 


'3™   o   " 


Ctto-Fi-iii in/v    Superior  Wood  and  Metal  Engrav- 

L !  I £i  1  H  V  IS  I H     U1£'  E|ectro typing  and  Stereotyp- 
O  U"mg  done  at  the  office  of  the  Mining 

and  Scikntific  Press,  San  Francisco,  at  favorable  rates. 
Send  stamp  for  our  circular  and  samplee. 


*S2  s 

ri  "  u  « 
»  «  ~ 


5  lie 

"  "~ -J  O  ,M 

eh  >.£  ..->» 


8  3" 


i.i 


<<   o 


I  ai 


3  s- 


Price  of  Lathe  without  Saw  Attachment? S45.        Price  of  Lathe  with  Scroll  Saw  Attachment §55. 

Price  of  Lathe  with  both  Scroll  and  Circular  Sawi,  S70. 

Trxj-m-io    IDrilX    Clmcli. 

Chuck,  for  drills  $  and  under. 
Price §1.50 

Chuck,  for  drills  }  and  under, 

Price S2.25 

They  are  made  on  solid  steel 

plug,  centered  and  readily  fitted 

to  Lathe  or   Drill  Press. 

SSNDFOR  CIRCULAR. 


The  FRUE  ORE  CONCENTRATOR, 

Adams  &  Carter,  Agents. 


JOHN    M.    ADAMS. 


WM.     P.    CARTER. 


Testimonials  as  to  the  perfec* 
working  of  the  Concentrator  to  he 
seen  at  the  office. 


MINING  AND  MECHANICAL  ENGINEERS. 

Room  7,   No.   109  California  St.,  San   Francisco.     P.  O.  Box  2,06 


PiPf  llrpiQ  nil  P>  Bv  E-  CONKLIN,  Representative 
tOlul  CotfUG  o.  the  National  Associated  Press, 
Ari7nn*l  and  artist  and  correspondent  of 

rtl  l£Ulia.  Frank  Leslie's  publications.     Be- 

ing the  result  of  Travels  and  Observations  in  Arizona  dur- 
ing the  fall  and  winter  of  lo77.  Fully  illusfcrateii  Sent 
by  mail,  post-paid,  for  §2.  Address  DLWEV  &  CO., 
202  Saiidome  Street,  S.  F. 


This  paper  is  printed,  with  Inls:  furnished  bj 
Chas.  Eneu  Johnson  &  Co.,  609  South  lOti 
St.,  Philadelphia  &  59  Gold  St.,  N.  Y. 


Dewey  &  Co.  { 


202 

Sansome  St 


}PatentAg'ts. 


Important  to  Contractors 


SUBMARINE    BUILDERS. 

William  Stack, 
of  Oakland,  has 
recently  patent- 
ed through  the  > 
Mining  and  Sci- 
entific Press 
Patent  Agency,  , 
an  apparatus  for 
driving  nails  or 
spikes  under  wa- 
ter, an  engrav- 
ing of  which  is  i 
here  shown.  It  , 
is  well-known 
that  it  is  ex-  ■ 
tn  mely  difficult 
to  drive  nails  or 
spikes  under  wa- 
uer,  even  if  it  is 
only  submerged 
a  few  inches. 
These  difficulties 
are  completely 
obviated  by  Mr. 
Stack's  device, 
which  has  been 
put  in  thorough 
iractical  opera- 
tion in  the  con- 
itruetion  of 
_,vharves  and 
.  jislips  in  the  Oak- 
'=  and  side  of  the 
Jl^bay. 
=jg|:^=      Fig.     1     8  lOWS 

:-i*mthe  application 
jo  the  device,  and 
-  sagFig.  2  shows  the 
""'consi ruction.  A 
is  a  metal  tube  of 
suitable  length, 
the  foot  of  whicn  mjy  be  serrated  as  shown,  so  that  the 
points  will  engage  with  the  wood  when  the  tube  is  pushed 
or  driven  against  it.  The  rod  or  driver,  C,  has  a  recess 
or  cavity,  2),  at  the  lower  end  so  as  to  rest  on  top  of  the 
nail  or  spike  shown  in  Fig.  2.  Where  the  tube,  A,  iB*\ 
pushed  against  the  timber  in  the  desired  position,  the* 
spike  or  nail  is  dropped  in  at  the  upper  end  and  slides 
down  against  the  timber.  The  rod,  C,  is  then  slid  down 
on  top  of  the  nail,  and  by  alternately  drawing  out  and 
forcing  the  iod  into  tin  tube,  the  rod  serves  asa  driver;  or 
by  hammering  on  the  upper  end  of  the  rod  the  nail  is 
driven  into  the  wood.  The  tube  answers  both  us  a  guide 
for  the  nail  and  driving  rod.  The  tube  can  alss  answer  as 
a  guide  for  a  screw-driving  device  on  the  end  of  the  rod, 
by  which  lag  screws  may  be  put  in  place  under  water  as 
well  as  nails.  Of  course  the  tube  may  he  set  in  any  posi- 
tion desired,  so  that  nails  may  be  driven  at  an  angle  if . 
necessary.  The  appliance,  as  simple  as  it  is,  will  be  found 
very  useful  in  many  cases  for  bridge  building  or  similar 
purposes.    Address 

WM.    STACK, 

N.  E.  Cor.  Fifth  and  Harrison  Sts.,  OAKLAND,  Alameda 
county,  Cal. 


PACIFIC    POWER    CO. 

Room  with  steam  power  to  let  in  the 
Pacific  Power  Co. 'a  Dew  brick  buildiDg, 
Stevenson  street,  near  Market.  Eleva- 
tor in  building.  Apply  at  the  Com- 
pany's office,  202  Sansome  St.,  room  7. 


OFFICE   TO   LET. 

Inquire  of  DEWEY  &  CO.,  No.  202   Sansome    Street, 
San  Francisco. 


RARE    CHANCE. 

For  Bale  or  to  lease,  a  two-thirds  interest  in  a  good  pay 
ing  country  newspaper.    Address  "Liberal,"  this  office 


Working Ores    Dry. 

Pamphlets  on  DRY  AMALGAMATION  forwarded  free 
on  receipt  of  address  to       AL MARIN  B.  PAUL, 
Room  20,  Safe  Deposit  Building,  San  Francitco. 


An  Illustrated  journal  of 


JBY    DEWEY    A    CO. 

Puhllthrr^. 


SAN  FRANCISCO,  SATURDAY,  APRIL  19,  1879. 


VOL.T/ME    SXXVIII 

pJuratoer    16. 


The   First  Ominous  Note   from    Snake 
River. 

Already  there  ia  over-crowding,  idleness  and 
suffering  on  Snake  river.  The  consequences 
that  usually  attend  the  stampede  have  not  failed, 
it  seems,  to  wait  on  this,  the  most  recent  of  its 
kind.  The  forebodings  of  ill  have  begun  to  be 
realized  even  earlier  than  was  expected.  That 
destitution  and  disappointment  would  come  to 
these  adventurers  in  due  time  was  of  course 
foreseen;  but  it  was  hardly  thought  that  they 
would  come  bo  soon.  Satisfied,  from  the  glow- 
ing accounts  of  these  mines  that  filled  the 
papers  off  that  way,  that  a  premature  and  ill- 
advised  movement  of  this  sort  would  be  likely 
to  ensue,  we  took  occasion  several  months  since 
to  caution  the  mining  community  against  this 
danger.  But  when  were  miners  ever  known  to 
pay  due  heed  to  admonitions  of  this  kind? 
Neither  experience  nor  warning  avails  to  restrain 
them  from  rushing  away  to  the  most  distant 
locality  once  the  rumor  of  a  new  find,  especially 
if  it  be  placer  diggings,  reaches  their  ears.  We 
had  suspected  from  the  late  less  confident  tone 
of  the  Idaho  and  Salt  Lake  papers,  when  speak- 
ing of  Snake  river,  that  the  emigrants  to  that 
region  were  hardly  meeting  with  the  success 
that  they  had  been  encouraged  to  look  for;  and 
now  from  very  authentic  sources  of  information 
we  are  sorry  to  hear  that  such  has  really  been 
the  case. 

To  the  courtesy  of  Col.  Isaac  M.  Taylor,  who 
has  just   returned  from   a  visit  to   the   Salmon 
River  country,  where  he  went  to  examine  certain 
mines  for  Sau  Francisco  capitalists,  we   are  in- 
debted  for  some  fresh  and   reliable   news  from 
the  Upper  Snake.  The  bars  along  that  portion  of 
the  river  contain,  as  we  stated  in  an  article  on 
the    subject    last  week,  less   gold  than   those 
further  down.     The  country  there  is  also  higher 
and  colder,  in  consequence  of  which  the  miners 
have  been   prevented   from  getting  to  work  as 
soon  as   they  expected.     Very   little  gold   has 
therefore  been  taken  out,  but  few  claims  being 
worked  and  these  paying  less  than  was   antici- 
pated.    Instead  of  yielding  from  §10  to  §15  per 
day  to  the  hand,  they  have  not,  as  yet,  yielded 
half  these  rates.     Meantime,  claim  holders  are 
without  the  means  for  outfitting  their  claims,  or 
are  prevented  from   doing   so  by  the  cold  and 
stormy  weather,  while  hundreds  of  men  swarm 
along  the  river,  scarcely  any  of  them  able  to  get 
employment,  the  most  of  them  being  without 
sufficient  money  to  get  away,  very   many  with- 
out even  enough  to  buy  a  meal  of  victuals.     In 
this  dilemma  some  had  already  started  on  their 
return,  walking  out  of  the  country,  the  railroad 
being  unwilling   to  carry  any   without  payment 
of  full  fare.     Wages  at  the  mines  are  nominally 
91.50  per  day,  though  enough  men   can  be  had 
to  work   for  a  dollar,  and  even   for  their  board. 
This  region  of  country  is  settled  by  the  Mor- 
mons,   and  consequently    low    prices    prevail; 
these  people,  who  built   the  narrow-gauge  rail- 
road from  Ogden  to  Snake  river,  having  worked 
for  15   cents   per  day.     On  the  river  all  claims 
worth    taking    up    are  located,    leaving  new- 
comers no  chance  to  get  ground  without  buying 
it.     It  costs  a  good  deal  to  outfit  a  claim,  as 
either  a  ditch  has  to   be  dug  for  some  distance, 
or  a  current  wheel  put  in  for  getting  water  upon 
it.     Even  where   recourse  is   had  to  the  latter 
expedient  the   expense  is  considerable,  lumber 
costing  not  much  less   than  §100  per  M.  by  the 
time  it   is  got   on  the  ground.     The  merchants 
at  Blackfoot,  present  terminus  of  the  railroad, 
informed   Col.   Taylor  that  they  regarded  the 
llwhole  business  as  hardly  better  than  a  humbug, 
expressing  the  opinion  that  the  diggings  in  that 
I  (vicinity  would  not  pay  on  an  average  more  than 
fjtwo  or  three   dollars   per    day   to    the    man. 
I  (Further   down   the  river  they  will  no   doubt 
1  jprove  more  remunerative,  but  even  there  every- 
f  thing  is  taken  up,  leaving  no   chance  for  men 
who  go  in  now  to  get  a  claim  by  location,  while 
the  opportunities   for  obtaining  work  are  prob- 
ably no   better  than  they  are  up  about  Black- 
foot  and  at  points  further  up.     In  view  of  the 
foregoing  statements,  a  man's  industrial  condi- 
tion must  be  desperate  indeed  if   he  could  hope 
bo  improve  the  same  by  emigrating  to  Snake 


Our  Deep  Mines. 

The  explorations  on  some  of  the  mines  in  this 
country  are  fast  approaching  the  greatest  depths 
reached  in  the  long-worked  mines  of  the  old 
world.  For  example,  the  Belcher  Bhaft,  on  the 
Comstock,  has  now  reached  a  perpendicular 
depth  of  2,680  feet  below  the  surface,  being 
within  600  feet  of  the  depth  at  which  the  Adel- 
bert,  lead-silver  mine  in  Austria,  is  now  being 
worked,  and  which  is  accounted  the  deepest 
mine  in  the  world.  It  should  be  stated  that  in 
estimating  the  depths  of  the  various  shafts  sunk 
on  the  Comstock,  it  is  the  custom  to  make  the 
measurements  from  the  top  of  the  Gould  & 
Curry  croppings,  the  so-called  datum  line  for 
all  vertical  measurements  made  along  the  lode. 
Starting  from  this  level  the  Belcher  shaft  would 
have  a  depth  of  3,093  feet.  Among  the  Com- 
stock mines  the  Yellow  Jacket  shaft  is  now 
2,500  feet  deep,  the  other  mines  there,  as 
regards  depth,  standing  in  the  following  order  : 
Con.  Imperial,  2,367;  Savage,  2,350;  Con.  Vir- 
ginia and  California,  2,326;  Chollar,  2,421.  At 
the  bottoms  of  most  of  these  shafts  are  inclines 
run  at  various  angles  and  to  greater  or  less 
depths,  the  Yellow  Jacket's  new  shaft  being  the 

FIQ.  1. 


Salmon  River. 

There  is  at  a  great  elevation  in  southeastern 
Idaho,  a  mining  district  that  goes  by  the  gen- 
eral name  of  the  Salmon  River  country.  Con- 
cerning its  mineral  resources  a  good  deal  has 
appeared  during  the  past  year  in  the  papers  of 
that  Territory,  and  of  Utah,  adjoining;  the  ac- 
counts given  of  it  being  of  a  very  favorable  de- 
scription. From  the  statements  of  an  experi- 
enced miner  who  lately  visited  that  country  in 
the  interest  of  parties  in  this  city,  we  are  in- 
clined to  think  its  advantages  as  a  mining  dis" 
trict  have  been  much  overrated. 

There  are  many  ore-bearing  veins  in  that 
region,  both  gold  and  silver,  some  of  which 
prospect  fairly;  a  few  remarkably  well.  There 
is  also  wood  and  water  in  good  supply,  the 
mountains  in  some  places  being  quite  heavily 
timbered.  But  the  winters  are  long  and  rigor- 
ous, the  streams  freezing  up  and  the  snow  fail- 
ing to  such  depths  that  the  trails  (there  are  no 
wagon  roads)  are  completely  blockaded  for  six 
months  in  the  year.  At  the  present  time  it  is 
impossible  to  get  within  25  or  30  miles  of  the 
mines  with  animals;  the  most  of  the  distance 
has  to  be  made  on  snowshoes. 

There  are  no  quartz  mills  or   other   reduction 


FIG.  2. 


m 


RESPIRATOR    FOR    USE    AT    REDUCTION    WORKS. 


deepest  perpendicular  opening  on  the  Comstock, 
its  bottom  being  now  nearly  2,400  feet  below 
the  surface.  There  are  not  in  all  Europe  per- 
haps a  dozen  deeper  mines  than  these  on  the 
Comstock,  only  one  or  two  being  found  in  Eng- 
land. Besides  those  above  enumerated,  there 
are  several  mines  on  the  Comstock  that  have 
be'en  opened  to  depths  varying  from  1,500  to 
2,200  feet.  As  the  deep  workings  on  this  lode 
are  nearly  all  being  driven  actively  downward, 
we  will  soon  be  able  to  point  to  a  number  of 
deeper  mines  in  this  country  than  exist  any- 
where else  in  the  world.  As  the  extreme  deep 
mines  of  Europe  are  being  worked  for  coal  or 
ores  of  low  grades,  it  is  not  probable  that  they 
will  be  opened  to  much  greater  depths  than 
have  already  been  reached;  whereas,  the  lead- 
ing Comstock  companies  will  push  explorations 
to  twice  their  present  depths,  extracting  ore, 
should  they  find  it,  and  continuing  the  search 
to  the  lowest  levels  it  is  possible  to  reach, 
should  they  fail  to  do  so. 


An  Appreciative  Official. — Andrew  J. 
Hatch,  Surveyor-General  of  Nevada,  offers  a 
premium  of  §100  for  the  most  complete  report 
sent  to  his  office  by  any  County  Assessor  of  that 
State.  Mr.  Hatch  is  an  old  resident  of  Nevada, 
and  being  himself  well-acquainted  with  its 
wants,  resources  and  capacities,  thoroughly  ap- 
preciates the  value  of  full  and  correct  statistics 
in  regard  to  the  same. 


A  new  Protestant  sect,  distinguished  like 
the  Shakers  by  their  physical  extravagances,  has 
appeared  in  Westphalia,  the  proselytes  being 
chiefly  women, 


works  in  the  country.  There'  are,  in  fact,  no 
improvements  of  any  kind  except  the  few 
cabins  erected  to  shelter  the  small  population 
that  have  wintered  there.  While  there  has 
been  but  little  work  done  on  the  ledges,  a  con- 
siderable quantity  of  fair-grade  ore  has  been 
taken  out,  the  most  of  which  lies  on  the  dumps 
at  the  mines.  During  the  past  year  eome  ore 
has  been  shipped  to  Salt  Lake  where  it  was  sold 
for  a  good  price,  or  worked,  turning  out  well. 
But  this  was,  of  course,  carefully  selected,  as 
only  rich  ore  would  pay  the  cost  of  transporta- 
tion, a  good  part  of  which  had  to  be  done  with 
pack  animals.  To  build  even  a  tolerable  wagon 
road  into  the  district  will  cost  at  least  $50,000, 
and  until  such  road  is  built  it  will  be  next  to 
impossible  to  get  in  any  heavy  machinery.  For 
40  or  50  miles  the  country  is  exceedingly  rough, 
being  rocky  and  cut  up  with  deep  ravines. 
While  there  are  many  large  and  good  looking 
ledges  in  this  Salmon  River  district,  our  in- 
formant is  of  the  opinion  that  it  offers  no  special 
inducements  to  mining  investors  just  at  pres- 
ent. 


A  Good  Record. — The  Eureka  Con.  mining 
company,  of  Nevada,  have  declared  a  dividend 
of  %\  per  share,  aggregating  $50,000,  payable  on 
the  21st.  This  makes  the  42nd  dividend  de- 
clared. Since  the  resumption  of  dividends  in 
September,  1877,  not  a  month  has  passed  with- 
out a  dividend.  Up  to  and  including  Decem- 
ber, 1878,  these  dividends  were  at  the  rate  of 
$3  per  share.  Since  then  they  have  been  $2  per 
share,  and  now  they  are  reduced  to  $1  per 
share,  which  was  the  rate  paid  in  the  early  his- 
tory of  the  mine. 


New  Hydraulic  Launch, 

There  has  just  been  completed  at  the  shops 
of  Messrs.  Thomson  &  Evans,  112  Beale  street, 
in  this  city,  the  complete  machinery  for  a 
steam  launch  to  be  propelled  by  hydraulio 
power,  which  has  been  invented  and  patented 
by  Dr.  B.  B.  Brewer,  of  Sacramento.  We 
understand  that  the  inventor  has,  after  a  long 
series  of  experiments  and  a  great  expense,  suc- 
ceeded in  producing  a  very  simple  and  what 
promises  to  be  efficient  machinery  for  this 
system  of  propelling.  He  claims  to  have 
entirely  overcome  the  difficulties  heretofore  ex- 
perienced by  inventors  who  have  experimented 
in  the  same  direction.  He  claims  that  the 
machinery  is  equally  practical  for  a  fishing  boat 
or  a  3,000-ton  ship.  The  vessel  has  neither 
wheel,  screw  nor  rudder,  and  the  machinery  can 
be  used  in  a  sailing  ship  without  any  impedi- 
ment to  her  Bailing  qualities,  being  useful  in 
calm  weather  or  in  severe  storms,  as  a  vessel 
can  keep  on  her  course;  or  in  case  of  a  typhoon, 
the  vessel  can  be  kept  head  into  the  wind,  as  Bhe 
is  capable  of  turning  on  her  center  without  mak- 
ing headway,  and  thepilot  hascontrol,  with  power 
to  reverse  hercourse  without  stopping  the  engine, 
etc.  In  a  point  of  economy  it  is  claimed  that 
there  is  a  saving  of  from  25%  to  50%  over  the 
wheel  or  screw. 

We  are  restricted  from  giving  a  description  of 
the  mechanical  construction  of  this  peculiar 
machinery  at  this  time,  as  the  inventor  has 
some  points  to  look  after  before  giving  his  ex- 
perience to  the  world.  But  we  are  assured  that 
the  little  vessel  (which  is  28  feet  long  and  6  feet 
beam)  will  be  launched  for  her  second  trial  in 
about  two  weeks,  and  after  oertain  experiments 
are  completed,  the  public  will  be  given  an  op- 
portunity to  witness  her  manceuvers  and  speed. 


An  Improved  Respirator, 

We  show  on  this  page  an  engraving  of  the 
patent  life-saving  respirator  for  use  at  reduction, 
works  and  similar  placeB.  Fig.  2  shows  the 
device  and  Fig.  1  the  method  of  application. 
In  respiring  the  air  is  inhaled  through  a  wet 
sponge  or  cotton,  and  in  expiring  passes  out 
through  a  valve  at  the  side,  so  that  breathing 
with  the  respirator  is  easy,  allowing  it  to  be 
worn  constantly  and  without  any  inoonvenience. 

It  is  worn  over  the  mouth,  nose  and  chin  (at 
shown),  for  protecting  the  throat  and  lungs  from 
dust,  obnoxious  Bmells  or  poisonous  vapors.  It 
is  specially  adapted  for  workmen  engaged  in 
white  lead  corroding,  lead  smelting,  chemical 
works,  lead  mines,  amalgamating  and  retorting, 
dry  crushing  quartz  mills,  bullion  refineries 
and  quicksilver  mines.  It  is  claimed  to  be  a  sure 
preventive  of  lead  poisoning  and  a  guarantee 
against  salivation. 

These  appliances  are  in  use  at  Whittier, 
Fuller  &  Co.  's  white  lead  works ;  Melrose  smelt- 
ing works;  New  Almaden  quicksilver  mine; 
Ontario  silver  mining  company,  Salt  Lake;  and 
at  a  40-stamp  dry  crushing  mill  with  Stetefeldt's 
furnaces  attached.  Mr,  E.  Burnham,  Superin- 
tendent of  the  Pioneer  white  lead  works,  says 
they  give  perfect  satisfaction,  and  he  considers 
them  a  perfect  preventive  against  poisoning 
through  breathing  or  inhaling  air  charged  with 
mercury,  lead  dust  or  poisonous  vapors  or 
gases.  A  large,  number  of  firms  throughout 
the  East  have  these  respirators  in  use.  They 
are  sold  for  $3  each,  or  §30  per  dozen,  by  Seth 
Marshall,  Jr.,    309  California  street,  room  9. 


Correcting  the  Figures. — Certain  of  our 
contemporaries  in  the  more  distant  mining  re- 
gions are  indulging  just  now  in  rather  big 
figures — talking  of  mineral  worth  many  dollars 
per  pound,  of  ore  reserves  carrying  miUions  in 
sight,  and  bullion  production  that  wiU  insure 
untold  profits  for  all  time  to  come.  We  like 
this,  but  suggest  that  the  reader  remove  the 
decimal  points  one  or  two  figures  towards  the 
left. 


250 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[April  19,  1879. 


CORRESPONDENCE. 


We  admit,  unendorsed,  opinions  of  correspondents.— Eds. 


Lake  District- 


-The  Mammoth  Mill  and 
Mine. 


Editors  Press  :— Since  the  first  discovery  of 
mines  in  this  remote  section  of  country,  very 
Httle  information  has  been  imparted  to  the  out- 
side world  regarding  the  true  and  important 
value  of  the  silver  and  gold-bearing  belt,  which 
can  be  readily  traced  from  Markleville,  Alpine 
county,  to  this  point,  a  distance  of  more  than  a 
hundred  miles. 

The  bold  outcrop  on  the  famous  ledge  called 
the  Mammoth,  at  once  convinces  the  keen  eye 
of  the  practical  miner  that  the  mother  vein  of 
the  country  is  here.  The  formation  is  porphyry; 
the  walls  are  well  defined,  with  no  horses  to 
impede  the  constant  ore  extraction,  and  it  is 
to  be  hoped  that  handsome  dividends  will  soon 
be  realized  by  shareholders  in  this   company. 

This  camp  was  opened  up  last  summer,  and  a 
20-stamp  mill  built  which  commenced  crushing 
ore  on  or  about  November  15th,  with  some 
stoppages  afterwards,  owiDg  to  the  inclem- 
encies of  a  rough  winter.  The  mill  has  not  in 
fact  been  run  very  steadily  since  it  first  started, 
but  we  anticipate  big  results  hereafter,  there 
being  plenty  of  quartz  to  keep  40  stamps  con- 
stantly employed. 

The  ore  from  the  croppings  of  this  lode  assays, 
on  an  average.  &30  per  ton.  The  cost  of  reduc- 
tion and  extraction  is  probably  $5,  leaving  a  net. 
yield  of  S25  per  ton.  The  facilities  for  cheap 
reduction  are  probably  better  here  than  in  any 
other  camp  on  the  Pacific  coast,  wood  and 
water  being  abundant.  The  entire  body  of  ore 
is  free  milling.  Several  other  companies  have 
purchased  mining  properties  here,  but  are  lying 
dormant,  waiting  to  Bee  whether  or  not  the 
results  of  the  Mammoth  company's  workings 
will  warrant  the  expending  money  on  their 
claims. 

This  camp  is  situated  near  the  summit  of  the 
Sierra  Nevada,  and  about  50  miles  in  a  southerly 
direction  from  the  town  of  Bodie.  Being  at 
such  a  great  altitude  the  snow  is  deep  and  the 
weather  severe  in  winter.  During  the  rest  of 
the  year  the  climate  is  pleasant  and  always 
healthful.  Near  our  town,  which  is  on  the 
easterly  slope  just  over  tbe  main  summit  of  the 
mountains,  are  not  less  than  eight  small  lakes 
in  which  Owens  river  has  its  head.  We  are 
not  over  five  to  six  miles  from  the  upper  tribu- 
taries of  the  San  Joaquin.  The  country  here  is 
heavily  timbered  with  pine,  tamarack,  fir,  etc. 
The  mill  is  driven  by  water,  enough  of  which 
could  here  be  easily  commanded  to  drive  1,000 
stamps  if  jequired ;  and  in  view  of  the  great 
amount  of  ore  the  mine  will  yield,  the  present 
number  of  stamps  will  soon  be  largely  increased. 
The  ore  already  uncovered  is  estimated  at  50,000 
or  60,000  tons.  A  tunnel  is  being  run  which 
will  intersect  the  main  vein  at  a  depth  of 
1,000  feet,  affording  drainage  and  an  easy  means 
for  ore  extraction  to  that  depth.  The  ore  is 
conveyed  from  the  mine  to  the  mill  by  chute 
and  tramway.  Very  soon  heavy  bullion  ship- 
ments may  be  expected  from  this  mine. 

Prospector. 

Mammoth  City,  Mono  Co.,  Cal.,  April  14th. 


Gold  and  Silver  Mining  in  Mexico. 

Editors  Press: — From  a  letter  written  by 
Mr.  Thomas  Abrams,  dated  Guanajuate,  March 
15th,  I  extract  the  following,  which  will  un- 
doubtedly interest  the  many  readers  of  your 
valuable  columns.  Among  other  interesting 
facts  he  goes  on  to  state:  "  There  was  one  bo- 
nanza here  which  was  equal  to  the  Comstock  in 
its  best  days,  and  lasted  100  years.  There  have 
been  many  others  nearly  equal  to  this,  and  dur- 
ing all  this  time  the  people  did  not  understand 
the  beneficio  well.  There  are  plenty  of  similar 
places,  and  within  four  or  five  miles  from  here 
there  is  a  large  ravine  that  haB  gold  that  I  be- 
lieve would  pay  25  cents  to  the  cubic  yard  and 
water  to  wash,  and  I  would  guarantee  to  show 
more  veins  of  silver  and  gold  on  a  paying  lay 
than  could  be  worked  in  300  years.  These  lodes 
are  low  in  silver  and  high  in  gold.  The  silver 
would  assay  about  six  to  eight  dollars  per  ton  ; 
gold,  about  from  500  to  1,500  grains  per  ton. 
These  veins  are  in  the  gold-bearing  districts, 
where  the  Indians  work  in  the  rainy  season  and 
make  from  25  to  50  cents  per  day.  They  would 
not  wash  a  cubic  yard  in  three  days  to  the  man. 
The  principal  thing  they  use  is  a  cow's  horn 
split  lengthwise  for  concentrating.  Laboring 
Indians  can  be  got  here  for  from  37^  to  50  cents 
per  day.  Provisions  are  cheaper  than  in  Cali- 
fornia." 

There  are  points  of  interest  contained  in  other 
letters  which  will  be  given  at  another  time. 
H.  W.  Rice. 


DitcMng  by  Machinery. 

Editors  Press: — Early  in  January,  in  Fresno 
county,  I  saw  in  operation  the  ditching  machine 
patented  by  A.  McCall  through  Dewey  &  Co. 
Here  is  what  it  did  in  about  seven  hours'  time 
on  Saturday,  January  4th  :  It  made  complete 
and  in  the  best  style,  a  side  ditch  15  feet  wide, 
sunk  18  inches  in  the  ground  and  a  mile  and  a 
quarter  long.  It  runs  on  four  wheels — oddly 
set  on  bent  axles — was  drawn  by  16  horses  and 
mules — two  and  two — and  managed  by  Mr.  Mc- 
Call, with  a  man  and  boy  to  help.  Of  the  12 
animals  in  the  lead,  the  6  off  ones  kept  outside 
of  tho  levee  that  was  being  thrown  up,  the  near 
ones  inside  of  the  ditch,  while  the  4  near  the 
machine  all  kept  inside  the  ditch.  Each  levee 
is  raised  to  a  uniform  hight  of  about  IS  inches. 
The  incline  on  its  inner  side  was  three  to  one, 
but  it  can  make  them  two  to  one,  or  even  one 
to  one.  Before  beginning  on  the  ditch  in  ques- 
tion, the  machine  went  one  and  a  half  miles  to 
work  and  made  a  half  round  on  another  one  and 
a  quarter  miles  of  ditch.  The  shear  that  does 
the  work  is  10  feet  long,  and  will  last  from  30 
to  60  days.  It  coats  about  $9.  The  cost  of 
repairs  for  the  month  amount  to  only  §4  or  $5 
besides.  The  expense  for  men,  team  of  16  and 
outfit,  is  about  $22  per  day.  Daring  its  seven 
hours  of  work,  on  the  day  in  question,  it  re- 
moved over  3,000  yards  of  earth.  This  will  give 
your  readers  an  idea  of  the  cost  of  ditching  by 
its  use.  Mr.  McCall  informs  me  that  with  six 
or  eight  animals  it  is  a  fine  leveler.  It  can  be 
varied  to  suit  different  grades  and  widths,  cut- 
ting from  three  to  eight  feet  by  a  single  cut. 
The  machine  I  saw  has  worked  in  14  or  15 
counties,  and  had  made  up  to  that  time  in 
Fresno  county  some  75  miles  of  main  and  side 
ditches.  It  has  been  used  considerably  for  rail- 
road grading,  and  the  noted  contractors,  Turtin 
and  Knox,  estimate  that  with  it  12  horses  and  2 
men  can  do  as  much  as  26  men  and  40  horses 
wjth  scrapers,  or  90  Chinamen  with  shovels. 
J.  W.  A.  W. 


Mining  Laws. 

Editors  Press: — Seeing  an  article  in  your 
issue  of  March  8th,  by  '  'Assay er,"  from  Ari- 
zona, I  have  concluded  to  enter  my  protest  to 
any  more  legislation  on  mining  laws.  He  ad- 
mits that  miners  consider  the  law  of  1872  good 
enough;  and  so  do  I.  As  a  general  thing  mining 
camps  are  hard  to  find,  and  are  only  found  by 
enterprising  prospectors,  and  as  soon  as  a  new 
discovery  is  heard  of,  a  rush  takes  place;  and  if 
discoverers  could  only  take  one  claim,  the 
chances  are  that  the  class  who  lay  round  town 
waiting  for  the  news  of  a*  find,  would  get  the 
whole  benefit  of  the  discovery,  as  it  takes  a 
long  time  in  many  cases  to  determine  what  is 
good  and  what  worthless.  It  would  be  im- 
possible to  legislate  so  as  to  suit  all  parties,  and 
— as  I  understand  it — the  existing  law  was 
framed  in  the  interest  of  the  working  miners, 
or  so  as  to  give  those  of  small  means  as  nearly 
an  even  show  as  possible.  I  hope  it  may  re- 
main in  force,  more  especially  as  it  is  giving 
more  satisfaction  than  any  law,  either  local  or 
othewise  we  ever  have  had  in  this  part  of  the 
country,  the  growlers  to  the  contrary  notwith- 
standing. Prospector. 

Gibbonville,  Idaho. 


Promising  for  Colorado. 

A  correspondent  of  the  Chicago  Inter-Ocean 
says  that  Colorado  Springs  bids  fair  to  divide 
the  honors  in  mining  excitement  with  Leadville, 
Ten  Mile,  Silver  Cliff— the  northern  and  south- 
ern fields  of  that  argentiferous  State.  Quite 
recently  there  have  been  discoveries  of  both 
lode  and  carbonate  deposits  of  silver  in  the 
mountains  five  or  six  miles  west — between  the 
town  and  Pike's  Peak.  A  true  fissure  vein, 
running  through  the  summit  of  Cameron's  cone, 
10, 000  feet  altitude,  and  extending  three  or  four 
miles  in  a  northwesterly  and  southeasterly  di- 
rection, has  been  traced  on  the  surface,  and 
assays  show  a  promising  degree  of  richness  fcr 
surface.  The  lode  has  not  yet  been  opened,  but 
claims  are  staked  over  its  discovered  extent 
Cameron's  cone  is  right  in  front  of  the  Peak, 
and  the  nearest  summit  to  it. 

Close  to  and  alongside  of  this  lode,  on  the 
east,  lies  a  carbonate  deposit  the  extent  of  rich- 
ness of  which  is  undetermined,  but  from  which 
surface  assays  have  shown  profitable  proportions 
of  the  white  metal.  So  far  it  is  not  found  in 
combination  with  lead,  but  the  surface  indica- 
tions are  pronounced  similar  to  those  of  Lead- 
ville, and  as  there  is  yet  but  one  shaft  so  much 
as  five  feet  below  the  surface,  there  is  abundant 
room  for  sanguine  expectation  of  what  is  below. 
Iron  exists  in  both  the  lode  and  carbonate 
deposits.  The  carbonate  bed  occupies  an  ele- 
vated basin  known  as  Crystal  park,  a  lovely 
spot  a  mile  or  more  in  extent  either  way,  at  an 
altitude  of  about  9,000  feet,  surrounded  on 
every  side  by  rugged,  rocky  peaks,  cavernous 
caves  forming  its  western  inclosing  wall.  This 
park  is  for  the  most  part  smooth  and  grassy, 
and  covered  now  with  spring  flowers,  and 
through  it  run  bright  streams  of  pure  and  cold 
mountain  water.  Its  whole  extent  has  been 
staked  over  within  the  last  few  days,  and  the 
claims  extend  on  the  hills  on  every  side.  It  is 
easily  accessible  for  bridle  ponies  in  two  or  three 
hours  from  Colorado  Springs,  and  a  wagon  road 
is  entirely  feasible. 

Should  these  mines  prove  profitable,  the  dis- 
covery would  be  of  great  importance,  and  they 
would  be  very  attractive  because  of  their  easy 
accessibility.  Their  development  would  also 
stimulate  prospecting  through  the  mountains 
of  the  Pike's  Peak  spur,  which  would  in  all 
probability  result  in  more  extensive  discoveries 
of  both  fissure  veins  and  carbonate  beds,  of 
the  existence  of  which  there  is  little  doubt. 
Numerous  stray  pieces  of  very  rich  mineral  have 
been  picked  up  there  from  time  to  time,  but  the 
desultory  efforts  to  trace  or  locate  them  have 
heretofore  pro  ved  fruitless. 


Bernardinite— A  New  Mineral  Resin  from 
San  Bernardino  Co.,  Cal. 

Abstract  of  a  paper  read  before  the  Chemical  Section  of 
the  Cal.  Academy  of  Sciences,  by  J.  M.  Stillman,  Ph.  B. 

Through  the  kindness  of  Mr.  B.  B.  Redding, 
of  San  Francisco,  I  have  been  'put  in  possession 
of  some  specimens  of  a  new  mineral  deposit  in 
San  Bernardino  county,  which  has  been  exposed 
by  excavations  for  a  tunnel.  The  pieces  in  my 
possession  are  homogeneous  masses  of  from 
one  to  five  or  six  cubic  inches  in  dimensions, 
and  appear  to  have  been  broken 'from  still 
larger  masses.  It  presents  a  light,  porous,  fria- 
ble mass  of  a  light  yellowish-white  color,  and 
floats  on  water  like  cork.  On  fracture  it  shows 
a  sligbtly  fibrous  structure,  and  a  consequent 
toughness,  but  under  the  microscope  no  definite 
structure,  but  a  quantity  of  irregular  fine  fibers 
running  in  every  direction  through  a  mass 
of  small  non-crystalline,  but  angular  frag- 
ments of  some  other  substance.  No  evidences 
could  be  seen  of  any  traces  of  previous  woody 
tissue.  The  specific  gravity  of  the  mineral  freed 
from  air  was  found  to  be  1. 166.  The  finely 
powdered  mineral  softens  at  temperatures  below 
100°  (C.)  but  does  not  fuse  perfectly  when 
heated  to  140°  (C.) 

With  water  it  forms  an  emulsion  by  boiling, 
but  no  solution.  In  alcohol  it  is  quite  soluble. 
Hot  alcohol  (absolute)  dissolves  86.6%  of  the 
native  mineral;  the  remaining  13.4%  is  insolu- 
ble in  boiling  alcohol.  The  soluble  portion  dis- 
solved in  5£  parts  of  absolute  alcohol  on  boiling, 
and  remained  in  solution  when  over  half  the 
alcohol  had  been  evaporated,  therefore  remaining 
in  solution  in  about  two  parts  to  two  and  one- 
half  parts  of  absolute  alcohol.  In  cold  absolute 
alcohol  it  is  not  so  soluble — the  extract  obtained 
by  hot  alcohol  would  not  entirely  redissolve  in 
cold,  about  one-third  remaining  insoluble.  The 
alcoholic  solution  is  of  a  slightly  yellowish  color, 
acid  reaction,  and  bitter  taste.  Ether  dissolves 
in  the  neighborhood  of  two-thirds  of  the  native 
mineral  at  ordinary  temperatures.  Bisulphide 
of  carbon  dissolves  it  but  slightly  in  the  cold. 

The  extracts  in  every  case  were  amorphous, 
white  and  powdery. 

The  melting  point  of  the  extract  with  hot 
alcohol  was  variously  determined  at  from  be- 
tween 115° and  120° to  120° and  125°(C),  though 
the  substance  softened  at  lower  temperatures. 
Heated  on  platinum  foil,  the  mineral  takes  fire 
and  burns  with  a  bright  flame,  with  much 
smoke,  and  leaves  a  fixed  carbon  residue.  When 
heated  cautiously  a  portion  appears  to  distill 
off  without  much  decomposition.  The  ash  is 
very  slight.  With  concentrated  sulphuric  acid, 
it  gives  a  brownish  red  color  in  the  cold,  which 
becomes  black  by  warming.  Water  precipitates 
it  from  the  sulphuric  acid  in  black  flakes.  An 
ash  determination  gave  forO.  3883  grammes  (dried 
over  sulphuric  acid),  0.0005  grammes  of  a  light, 
pure  white,  infusible  ash,  evidently  silica — a 
mere  trace. 

The  powdered  mineral,  dried  over  sulphuric 
acid,  lost  in  weight  when  heated  in  a  platinum 
crucible  for  several  hours  at  temperatures  from 
90°  to  125°  <C.)  3.87%,  probably,  though  not 
certainly,  due  to  loss  of  water. 

An  elementary  analysis  of  the  mineral  dried 
over  sulphuric  acid,  after  making  allowance  for 
ash  as  determined  above,  gave:  C  =  64.53%; 
H  =  9. 20% ;  hence  O  =  26. 28%. 

A  test  for  nitrogen  was  made  by  igniting 
with  sodium,  etc.,  but  none  could  be  detected. 
If  we  admit  that  the  loss  of  3.87%  above  cited 
is  due  to  water  alone,  we  shall  have  the  follow- 
ing as  the  result  of  the  analvais:  C=64.46; 
H2  0  =  3.87;  H  (not  in  H2  O)  =  8.75;  O  (not  in 
H2O)  =22.80;  ash,  00.12;  total,  100.00.  Or 
leaving  out  water  and  ash  from  consideration: 
C=67-14,  H=9.12,  0=23.75.  In  caustic  potash 
it  dissolves  readily,  leaving  but  6i%  insoluble 
residue  which  forms  a  gelatinous  mass,  drying  to 
a  brown,  translucent,  glue-like  substance.  The 
caustic  potash  solution  is  of  a  clear,  light, 
brownish -yellow  color,  gives  a  froth  by  agita- 
tion like  soapsuds,  can  be  diluted  to  any  ex- 
tent with  distilled  water  without  precipitation, 
and  with  dilute  chlorhydric  acid  gives  a  white 
flocculent  precipitate  which  settles  to  the  bottom 
on  standing.  The  concentrated  solution  in  caustic 
potash  becomes  gelatinous  on  cooling,  but  the 
mass  dissolves  when  diluted.  A  quantity  of  the 
native  mineral  was  dissolved  in  caustic  potash, 
largely  diluted  with  distilled  water,  filtered,  re- 
precipitated  with  chlorhydric  acid,  again  filtered, 
the  precipitate  washed  on  the  filter,  dissolved  in 
hot  alcohol,  also  on  the  filter.  The  alcoholic 
solution  was  then  evaporated,  the  residue  dried 
at  100°  for  several  hours,  powdered,  allowed  to 
stand  over  sulphuric  acid  for  one  day  aDd  sub- 
jected to  elementary  analysis.  The  analysis 
gave:  C-69.71%  ;  H=9.59%;  0=20.70%. 
Total,  100%. 

It  is  evident  that  the  above  resin  is  not  a 
simple  substance,  from  its  relations  to  the  vari- 
ous solvents.  It  is  therefore  useless  to  calcu- 
late a  formula,  unless  as  a  kind  of  average  for- 
mula for  purposes  of  comparison.  Such  a  for- 
mula would  be  C40H66  O9  (C=69.56%,  H- 
9.56%,  O=20.S8%).  The  melting  point  of  the 
purified  substance  was  found  to  be  127.9°  (C.) 
for  perfect  fusion,  although  it  softened  more  or 
less  at  lower  temperatures. 

The  oxygen  contents  of  the  mineral,  the  acid 
character  of  the  alcoholic  solution,  the  solubility 
in  thecaustic  potash  and  thesoapy  character  of  the 
solution,  and  the  reprecipitation  by  chlorhydric 
acid,  all  point  to  the  resinous  character  of  the  new 
mineral.  To  confirm  this,  the  "alcoholic  solution 
of  the  native  mineral  was  treated  with  an  alco- 


holic solution  of  lead  acetate,    and    a  heavy 
flocculent  precipitate  was  obtained. 

It  is  remarkable,  however,  that  the  oxygen 
contents  are  much  greater,  as  shown  by  both  ele- 
mentary analyses  than  is  found  in  most  mineral 
or  vegetable  resins. 

To  ascertain  if  all  that  portion  dissolved  in 
caustic  potash  was  reprecipitated  by  chlor- 
hydric acid,  the  filtrate  obtained  by  the  solu- 
tion in  caustic  potash,  precipitation  by  chlor- 
hydric acid,  and  subsequent  filtering,  was 
evaporated  and  exhausted  with  absolute  alco- 
hol ;  a  very  small  quantity  of  a  yellowish, 
waxy  extract  was  obtained  which  possessed  an 
intense  bitter  taste,  evidently  the  substance  to 
which  the  bitter  taste  of  the  alcoholic  solution, 
as  well  as  of  the  mineral  itself,  is  due,  as  the 
resin  as  above  purified  for  analysis  had  no 
bitter  taste.  This  mineral  appears  to  differ  in 
a  marked  way  from  any  as  yet  incorporated  into 
the  literature. 

From  Ozocerite,  Zietrisikite,  and  from  all 
other  minerals  of  that  nature,  it  is  entirely  dif- 
ferent, containing  no  paraffine,  as  shown  by 
its  solubility  in  dilute  or  concentrated  caustic 
potash,  by  its  solubility  in  alcohol,  as  well  as 
by  its  elementary  analysis;  as  all  pure  speci- 
mens of  the  minerals  just  mentioned  contain  in 
the  neighborhood  of  from  80%  to  88%  carbon 
and  about  15%  hydrogen.  From  Geocerite  it 
differs  also  in  composition  as  well  as  in  its  much 
higher  point  of  fusion,  than  that  substance.  In 
some  of  its  physical  properties  and  solubilities 
it  resembles  the  imperfectly- described  Ouya- 
quillite  from  South  America;  differs  from  it, 
however,  in  chemical  composition,  melting 
point  and  other  properties.  The  South  Ameri- 
can mineral,  Berengelite,  bears  some  similarity 
in  elementary  composition,  but  appears  to  differ 
from  it  in  other  essential  properties. 

At  the  suggestion  of  Mr.  Redding  I  have  pro- 
posed the  name  of  "Bernardinite"  for  the  new 
mineral,  from  the  name  of  the  locality  of  its  oc- 
currence. I  expect  soon  to  be  able  to  subject 
larger  quantities  of  the  mineral  to  a  more 
thorough  investigation,  with  the  view  of  ascer- 
taining the  true  chemical  nature  of  the  various 
constituents,  which  are  at  least  four,  and  per- 
haps many  more  in  number. 
University  of  Cal.,  Berkeley,  Feb.  28th. 


A  Mountain  of  Gold. 

The  traditions  of  Arizona  dating  from  the 
period  of  the  Spanish  conquest,  now  more  than 
300  years  have  always  pointed  to  this  Territory 
and  claimed  for  it  the  richest  and  most  wonder- 
ful mines  of  gold  and  silver  in  the  world.  The 
very  mountains  and  hills  were  said  to  be  veined 
with  gold  and  silver  and  the  plains  to  be  covered 
in  places  with  precious  stones.  Among  other 
wonderful  things  in  Arizona  tradition  has  for 
all  these  ages  pointed  to  the  northeastern  por- 
tion of  the  Territory  as  the  seat  of  the  great 
mountain  of  gold,  a  cone  whose  sides  were  said 
to  glitter  with  crystal  quartz  veined  with  drops 
and  threads  of  virgin  gold.  That  in  all  the 
world  this  was  the  great  storehouse  of  the  pre- 
cious metals  has  been  believed  for  ages. 

Time  after  time  parties  of  prospectors  have 
attempted  to  explore  the  region  referred  to  and 
all  have  failed;  Small  parties  at  different  times 
have  traveled  through,  but  owing  to  hostile 
demonstrations  from  Indians  have  always  failed 
to  remain  long  enough  to  find  out  thoroughly 
what  really  were  the  resources  of  the  country. 
Several  have  found  gold  in  paying  quantities, 
but  have  been  obliged  invariably  to  leave  before 
finding  out  anything  definite. 

Last  summer  James  L.  Hill  came  through  the 
country  here  referred  to,  and  claims  that  in 
prospecting  he  discovered  the  place  designated 
by  tradition  as  the  "Mountain  of  Gold,"  and 
that  its  richness  in  reality  is  fabulous.  The 
Indians,  however,  prevented  him  from  working 
to  any  extent,  and  he  was  obliged 'to  leave  in 
haste. 

He  expects,  however,  to  start  out  in  ft 
short  time  in  company  with  Mr.  Freeman,  who 
has  also  been  through  that  section,  and  a  party 
of  about  50  well-armed  men,  thoroughly  explore 
the  country  and  find  out  what  it  contains.  If 
the  country  is  half  as  rich  as  it  is  reported  we 
soon  expect  to  hear  of  wonderful  fortunes  being 
realized  and  that  the  famous  "Mountain  of 
Gold"  has  at  last  been  appropriated  for  the  use 
of  mankind. — Arizona  Enterprise. 


Miners'  Superstitions. — Like  many  other 
people,  miners  have  their  superstitious  beliefs. 
There  are  few,  indeed,  of  the  gold  hunters  who 
do  not  nurse  some  strange  fancy  regarding  the 
circumstances  that  are  supposed  to  exercise 
marked  influences  over  their  operations,  re- 
warding them  with  success  or  failure  in  the 
same  proportion  that  they  take  steps  towards 
propitiating  the  gods  of  fortune  or  frightening 
away  the  demons.  Perhaps  the  horseshoe  be- 
lief is  the  most  universally  accepted  one  among 
the  miners,  as  it  is  also  by  men  engaged  in 
other  industries.  There  are  a  number  of  the 
leading  quartz  mills  and  hoisting  works  of  this 
district  that  have  the  doors  of  their  offices  orna- 
mented with  a  horseshoe  that  hangs  over  the 
entrance,  and  some  miners  refuse  to  work  un- 
less one  be  put  up  at  the  entrance  of  the  tunnel 
or  main  drift.  In  gravel  mines  these  symbols  are 
also  observed  sometimes,  but  not  to  as  great  an 
extent  as  where  quartz  is  being  taken  out.  One 
large  mine  near  this  city  has  no  less  than  six 
old  rusty  horseshoes  about  the  works  and 
drifts,  and  still  that  mine  is  a  continual  drain 
on  the  pockets  of  its  owners.  There  is  nothing 
like  faith,  though,  and  they  may  strike  some- 
thing rich  yet. — Nevada  {Gal.)  Transcript. 


April  19,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


251 


Mechanical   'Progress. 


Process  of  the  Iron  Interest 

Hon.  D.  J.  Morrcll,  assistant  commissioner 
from  the  Doited  States  at  the  Paris  exposition, 
in  his  report  on  the  iron  and  steel  exhibits,  says: 

The  display  of  iron  and  steel  products  has 
never  been  equaled  at  a  world's  fair,  while  the 
display  of  machiuery  generally  has  only  been 
equaled  by  that  made  at  Philadelphia.  The 
Philadelphia  exhibit  of  machinery  was  more 
extensive  and  more  varied  than  that  of  Paris, 
and  it  possessed  an  additional  advantage  of 
being  more  generally  in  motion.  But  the  Paris 
exposition  demonstrated  more  fully  than  the 
Philadelphia  exhibition,  or  auy  previous  inter- 
national exhibition,  the  efficiency  of  machiuery 
in  all  industrial  enterprises,  the  efforts  of  every 
progressive  nation  to  obtain  the  best  machinery 
for  its  own  service,  and  the  necessity  imposed 
upon  all,  by  their  active  competition  with  one 
another,  to  adopt  every  new  device  and  im- 
provement which  tends  to  increase,  perfect  and 
cheapen  product.  No  nation  now  has  a  mouou- 
oly  of  the  manufacture  of  any  kind  of  iron  or 
any  kind  of  steel,  or  of  the  use  of  any  machinery 
necessary  to  their  production.  Some  countries 
will,  of  course,  continue  to  display  greater  enter- 
prise than  others  in  the  utilization  of  their  re- 
sources for  the  manufacture  of  iron  and  steel, 
but  none  of  the  leadiug  nations  of  the  world 
will  lag  behind  because  they  have  not  become 
practically  familiar  with  the  best  methods 
adapted  to  this  utilization. 

Iron  Giving  Place  to  Steel. 

But  a  fact  of  still  greater  general  significance 
was  illustrated  at  Paris  in  the  large  and  varied 
display  of  Bessemer  products  which  were  there 
exhibited.  «AI1  the  leading  iron-making  coun- 
tries exhibited  Bessemer  steel,  and  in  moat 
every  form  in  which  other  kinds  of  steel  and  all 
kinds  of  iron  have  heretofore  been  used.  The 
Paris  exposition  showed  that  the  progress  made 
during  the  past  two  or  three  years  in  the  manu- 
facture of  Bessemer  steei,  and  open-hearth  steel 
as  well,  is  so  great  that  statistics  fail  to  give 
any  proper  conception  of  its  magnitude. 

The  London  Times  remarks  that  "  the  Bes- 
semer process  has  ruined  the  manufactured  iron 
trade."  But  it  has  done  more  than  this,  it  has 
distributed  among  many  countries  the  manu- 
facture of  Bessemer  steel,  and  thus  enabled 
them  to  supply  more  fully  their  own  metal- 
lurgical wants,  and  the  metallurgical  wants  of 
other   countries,  in  lieu   of  their   own  previous 

£artial  dependence  upon  Great  Britain  itself, 
[ere  is  a  new  revolution,  or  a  new  revelation, 
in  connection  with  the  world's  iron  industry, 
which  was  reserved  for  Paris  to  make  clearly 
manifest  through  the  abundant  proofs  there 
furnished  of  the  wide  distribution  of  the  Bes- 
semer process  and  the  wide  substitution  of  Bes- 
semer products  for  those  of  iron  and  other  steel 
processes.  And  what  has  been  said  of  the  Bes- 
semer process,  and  of  the  injury  it  has  inflicted 
upon  the  British  iron  trade,  is  applicable  also  in 
a  large  degree  to  the  Siemens-Martin  process 
and  its  modifications. 


A  New  Departure  in  Car  Construction. 

The  Railway  Aye  of  March  6th,  contains  an 
engraving  and  description  of  a  new  style  of 
freight  car  invented  by  a  Mr.  Prosser,  of 
Chicago,  which  is  such  a  radical  departure  from 
the  usual  mode  of  construction  that  it  may  be 
regarded  as  a  novelty  and  curiosity  combined. 
It  is  a  structure  corresponding  to  a  four-wheel 
car,  but  in  its  design  the  wheels  and  axles 
proper  are  entirely  dispensed  with,  or  rather 
superseded  by  a  pair  of  iron  or  steel  plate  cylin- 
ders, with  flanges  attached  to  keep  them  on  the 
track,  and  with  trunnions  working  in  a  simple 
frame-work  in  the  form  of  aide  and  end  sills, 
There  is  no  car-body,  but  a  mere  platform  ex- 
tending over  the  cylinders  and  held  in  position 
by  supports  resting  upon  the  frame-work  be- 
low. The  cylinders  are  the  receptacles  of  the 
freight,  which  is  of  course  rolled  around  with 
the  cylinders.  This  in  brief  is  all  there  is  of  it. 
The  idea  is  not  a  new  one.  Something  very 
similar  was  proposed  several  years  ago,  but  we 
cannot  now  recall  the  particulars.  Nothing 
came  of  it,  however,  and,  like  innumerable 
other  novelties  originating  in  the  prolific  brains 
of  inventors,  it  was  consigned  to  the  category 
of  forgotton  things. 

Assuming  that  there  are  no  mechanical  diffi- 
culties in  the  practical  working  of  this  arrange- 
ment, it  is  easy  to  sum  up  its  many  apparent 
advantages  as  compared  with  the  kind  of  cars 
now  in  use.  The  car  is  cheap,  simple,  light, 
durable,  draws  easier,  there  is  less  friction,  the 
weight  of  load  is  removed  from  the  journals, 
the  center  of  gravity  is  brought  nearer  the 
track,  it  is  indestructible  by  fire,  etc. ;  but  it 
wiU  readily  occur  to  railroad  men  that  such  a 
contrivance  would  only  be  adapted  to  certain 
kinds  of  freight — to  very  little  in  fact  except 
grain — and  what  effect  such  a  tremendous  roll- 
ing would  have  upon  the  grain,  remains  to  be 
seen.  It  certainly  would  never  do  to  pack  the 
cylinders  with  any  kind  of  merchandise  labeled 
"this  side  up,  with  care,"  nor  with  live  stock 
of  any  description,  nor  with  agricultural  imple- 
ments, or  dairy  products,  or  light  machinery, 


or  anything  brittle  or  angular,  or  liable  to  dam- 
age by  abrasion.  Nor  could  fractional  loads  of 
any  kind  be  carried  to  much  advantage;  and  if 
available  for  grain  traffic,  the  cars  would  almost 
necessarily  be  compelled  to  run  empty  in  mak- 
ing return  trip*.  It  is  hardly  worth  while, 
however,  to  speculate  on  the  results,  as  a  car  of 
this  description  has  already  been  built  for  ex- 
periment, and  it  ought  to  be  a  very  MBY  matter 
to  test  its  utility.—  National  Cur  BuQd 

Steeline. 

This  is  the  name  of  a  new  compound  which 
has  recently  been  introduced  by  Messrs.  Bauer 
&  Co.,  of  Neiy  York,  for  refining  and  tempering 
steel.  They  claim  for  it  among  other  things 
that  it  secures  absolute  safety  from  cracking, 
adds  greatly  to  the  tensile  strength,  and  that 
by  it  use  inferior  grades  of  steel  become  of 
superior  firmness  and  toughness  to  the  best 
grades.  From  the  directions  for  using,  which 
we  quote  from  their  circular,  it  will  bo  Been  that 
the  new  compound  must  have  some  qualities 
that  differ  greatly  from  those  of  other  temper- 
ing and  refining  substances: 

Heat  the  steol  article  to  be  tempered  to  a 
white  heat  (burn  it).  Cool  the  same  off  in  the 
compound,  until  almost  cold;  heat  it  again  to  a 
cherry  heat,  and  then  cool  off  in  fresh  water. 
Articles  which  do  not  require  a  high  temper, 
ought  to  be  heated  to  a  dark,  scarcely  precepti- 
ble  red  heat,  before  they  are  cooled  off  in  water. 
With  some  experience,  parties  can  temper  steel 
without  afterwards  being  obliged  to  draw  the 
temper. 

The  firm  give  their  reasons  for  this  rather 
unusual  treatment,  as  follows  : 

All  grades  of  steel  contain  more  or  less  im- 
purities, such  as  sulphur,  etc.,  which  are  im- 
pediments to  its  toughness  and  strength.  The 
easiest  way  to  destory  these  impurities  is  to 
burn  them  out.  By  burning  the  steel  we  de- 
stroy these  impurities,  as  well  as  the  carbon; 
but  by  immersing  the  burnt  steel  into  our  com- 
pound "Steeline"  we  recarbonize  the  same 
chemically  with  the  necessary  percentage, 
rejecting  all  impurities. 

What  we  assert  is  very  easily  demonstrated 
by  taking  a  piece  of  steel,  tempering  one  end  of 
it  in  the  regular  way,  burning  the  other  end, 
and  immersing  it  in  "Steeline,"  then  heating  it 
to  a  lower  heat  than  usual,  and  going  into 
water.  By  breaking  off  a  piece  at  each  end,  the 
difference  will  be  found  surprising. — American 
Manufacturer. 


Cast-Iron  Forts. — The  new  solid  iron  forti- 
fications at  the  mouth  of  the  Weser,  in  the 
north  of  Germany,  have  just  been  finished. 
There  are  three  forts,  containing  nine  21  cen- 
timeter guns,  and  10  revolving  turrets,  ac- 
commodating 15  guns  of  15  and  28  cen- 
timeter caliber.  These  solid  iron  struc- 
tures have  a  total  weight  of  7,650  tons;  present 
convex  and  oval  fronts  to  the  enemy,  and  are 
impervious  to  the  heaviest  artillery  known. 
The  loopholes  open  at  the  moment  of  firing,  be- 
ing ordinarily  protected  by  oval  valves  of  the 
same  solid  material.  Both  batteries  and  tur- 
rets are  provided  with  ventilating  apparatus, 
and  hydraulic  engines  for  working  the  guns. 

Hints  for  Molders. — To  perfectly  accom- 
plish the  running-in  of  the  metal  in  molding, 
the  following  rules  have  been  laid  down  by  a  re- 
cent writer  on  the  subject:  Choose  if  possible 
the  thickest  part  of  the  casting  for  the  runner, 
and  if  the  casting  is  deep,  run  in  the  metal  at 
the  bottom;  where  the  casting  has  a  flange  in 
the  form  of  a  pipe,  it  is  generally  preferred  to 
run  the  metal  in  at  the  flange;  when  the  casting 
is  thin  and  has  many  branches,  or  when  it  is  of 
great  length  it  is  advisable  to  run  in  the  metal  in 
the  center;  care  should  be  taken  to  choose  a  place 
in  the  mold,  so  that  the  mold  will  have  no  ten- 
dency to  wash  any  part  away  in  its  first  rush; 
and  the  metal  should  not  be  allowed  to  fall  from 
any  hight  upon  a  weak  part  of  the  mold. 

New  and  Valuable  Steering  Invention. — 
A  new  invention  for  steering  vessels  by  steam 
instead  of  by  hand  was  tested  in  New  York,  a 
fews  days  since,  on  one  of  the  largest  and  most 
unmanageable  tugs  in  that  harbor.  By  the  old 
way  of  steering  a  vessel,  when  there  is  a  strain 
on  the  right  of  the  rudder  there  is  a  correspond- 
ing slack  on  the  left,  and  this  is  what  causes  all 
delay  and  hard  work  in  handling  the  wheel. 
The  new  invention  picks  up  this  slack  and  holds 
it.  No  matter  in  what  position  or  in  what  an- 
gle the  rudder  is  placed,  it  is  held  as  taut  as 
though  it  was  straight. 

The  Blessing  of  Steam  Power. — The  ag- 
gregate steam  power  in  use  in  the  world  is  at 
present  3,500,000  horse-power  employed  in 
stationary  engines,  and  10,000,000  horse-power 
in  locomotive  engines.  This  force  is  main- 
tained without  the  consumption  of  animal  food, 
except  by  the  miners  who  dig  the  coals,  and  the 
force  maintained  in  their  muscles,  is  to  the  force 
generated  by  the  product  of  their  labor  about  1 
to  1,080.  This  steam  power  is  equal  to  the 
working  force  of  25,000,000  of  horses,  and  one 
horae  consumes  three  times  as  much  food  as  one 
man.  The  steam  power,  therefore,  is  equiva- 
lent to  the  saving  of  food  for  75,000,000  of 
human  beings. 

Welding  Copper. — According  to  Dinghies 
Journal,  copper  may  be  welded  if  covered  at  a 
red  heat  with  a  mixture  of  one  part  phosphate 
of  soda  and  two  parts  borax,  and  submitted  at 
once  to  the  hammer. 


or 


Scientific     $  rogress. 


Substitutes  for  Ether   and  Chloroform. 

A  committee  of  the  British  Medical  Associa- 
tion has  lately  issued  two  reports,  giving  an  ac- 
count of  some  very  valuable  experimental  trials 
of  a  number  of  new  anaesthetic  agents  which 
they  have  studied,  with  the  object  of  finding  a 
substitute  for  chloroform  and  ether,  the  agents 
Oommosly  employed  by  the  surgeon  and  ob- 
stetrician. Neither  of  these  fully  meets  the 
requirements  of  Burgical  practice,  the  adminis- 
tration of  chloroform  being  never  free  from 
danger,  and  always  a  source  of  anxiety  on  that 
account  to  surgical  operators,  and  especially  iu 
operations  of  a  protracted  nature,  where  its  df 
astrous  effects  upon  the  action  of  the  heart  and 
the  respiratory  organs  is  occasionally  the  cause 
of  fatal  consequences;  while  ether,  though  vast- 
ly superior  to  chloroform  in  these  respects,  is 
too  tardy  in  its  action  for  many  important  oper- 
ations. The  purpose  of  the  above-named  com- 
mittee was  to  find,  if  possible,  an  amosthetic 
agent  that  should  be  as  potent  in  its  effects  as 
chloroform,  and  that,  at  the  Bame  time,  should 
affect  the  heart  and  respiration  as  little  as  ether, 

From  the  abstract  of  their  reports,  in  the 
Monthly  Journal  of  Science,  it  appears  that 
many  experimental  trials  were  made  upon  frogs 
and  rabbits,  with  the  following  substances: 
Benzine,  acetone,  pyrrol,  bichloride  of  methy- 
lene, amylene,  butyl  chloride,  ethene  dichloride, 
methyl  chloride,  ethyl  chloride,  nitrous  ethyl 
ether.  The  experimental  trials  of  the  committee 
with  the  above-named  substances  were  unfavor- 
able, either  for  the  reason  that  they  did  not 
complete  anaesthesia,  or  because  the  anaesthesia 
was  attended  with  such  violent  and  alarming 
physiological  disturbances  that  their  use  in  sur- 
gery was  not  to  be  thought  of.  With  two  sub- 
stances only  did  the  committee  obtain  success- 
ful results;  these  were  the  isobutyl  chloride  and 
ethidene  dichloride. 

Isobutyl  chloride  (C5  H^  CI)  produced  com- 
plete anaesthesia  in  frogs,  rabbits,  and  dogs,  in 
from  three  to  five  minutes,  and  no  disturbance 
of  the  heart  action  or  of  respiration  was  noticed 
when  anesthesia  was  continued  for  half  an  hour 
or  longer.  Ethidene  dichloride  (C2  H*  C12  J,  an 
isomeride  of  ethene  dichloride  produced  from 
aldehyde,  gave  even  better  results  than  the 
agent  above  described,  and  the  committee  there- 
upon tested  its  virtues  upon  six  patients  in  the 
Western  Infirmary  of  Glasgow,  upon  whom  sur- 
gical operations  of  more  or  less  severity  were 
performed  with  its  aid,  and  with  the  most  en- 
couraging results.  We  cannot  do  better,  in 
view  of  the  importance  of  these  researches  in 
the  interests  of  humanity,  than  to  give  the  com- 
mittee's conclusions  at  length,  as  stated  by  our 
authority. 

The  features  of  special  interest  in  these  cases 
are  the  facts  that  there  was  no  injurious  effect 
observable  on  the  respiratory  mechanism,  al- 
though in  all  cases  the  anaesthetic  was  given  in 
such  doses  as  to  produce  complete  anesthesia 
and  muscular  relaxation,  and  in  one  the  patient 
was  deeply  under  its  influence  for  25  minutes. 
2.  The  pulse  diminished  in  frequency  and  in- 
creased in  volume,  and  in  the  deepest  anaesthesia 
was  steady,  regular,  full,  and  compressible. 
There  was  no  indication  of  failure  of  cardiac  ac- 
tion in  any  case — a  result  anticipated  from  what 
had  previously  been  observed  in  animals.  3. 
There  was  never  any  pallor  of  the  countenance, 
or  blueness  of  the  lips;  but,  on  the  contrary, 
and  even  during  the  deepest  anesthesia,  there 
was  a  healthy  flush  in  the  face,  and  the  lips  were 
rosy-red.  Taking  into  account  the  change  in 
the  character  of  the  pulse  and  in  the  color  of 
the  face,  it  would  appear  that  in  anaesthesia 
from  dichloride  of  ethidene,  the  blood  still  re- 
mains in  a  normal  amount  in  the  arterial  and 
capillary  systems,  and  does  not  tend  to  engorge 
the  venous  system  and  right  side  of  the  heart, 
as  is  apparently  the  physiological  action  of 
chloroform.  It  appeared,  also,  in  further  ex- 
periments with  this  agent  on  animals,  that  they 
could  live  for  a  lengthened  period  in  a  state  of 
complete  anesthesia  under  its  influence,  while, 
on  the  contrary,  they  will  speedily  die  when 
chloroform  is  used.  The  investigations  of  the 
committee,  it  would  appear,  have  had  the  valu- 
able result  of  supplying  the  surgeon  with  one 
(and  possibly  with  two)  anaesthetic  agents 
superior  both  to  chloroform  and  ether — a  result 
of  inestimable  importance  for  the  scientific  al- 
leviation of  human  suffering.  The  committee  is 
continuing  its  researches,  and  a  third  report  is 
expected  at  an  early  day. 

The  progress  of  the  metric  system  of 
weights  and  measures  appears  from  a  statis- 
tical table  recently  prepared  by  M.  Marlarce. 
It  is  now  established  obligatorily  in  eighteen 
states,  representing  a  population  of  236.6  mil- 
lions, comprising  Prance  and  her  colonies,  Bel- 
gium, Holland  and  colonies,  .Germany,  Sweden, 
Norwaj',  Austro-Hungary,  Italy,  Spain,  Portugal, 
Roumania,  Greece;  Brazil,  Columbia,  Ecuador, 
Peru,  Chile  and  the  Argentine  Republic.  It 
has  been  made  legally  optional  in  England,  Can- 
ada and  the  United  States,  comprising  a  popu- 
lation of  75.6  millions.  It  is  admitted  in  prin- 
ciple, or  partially  for  customs,  in  British  India, 
Russia,  Turkey  and  Venezuela,  so  that  it  is  in 
use  obligatorily  or  permissibly  in  twenty-five 
states,  with  655  millions  of  inhabitants.  In 
Switzerland,  Mexico,  Japan  and  China,  repre- 
senting 471  millions  of  people,  the  decimal  sys- 
tem of  division  and  subdivision  is  in  use,  but 
applied  to  other  units  than  the  meters. 


A   New   Method   of  Determining  High 
Temperatures. 

In  very  many  manufactures  an  enormous 
degree  of  heat  is  required  for  carrying  out  the 
various  operations.  The  means  hitherto  at  our 
disposal  for  testing  those  temperatures,  which 
sometimes  require  to  be  accurately  regulated, 
aro  limited  by  the  point  of  fusion  of  the  ther- 
mometric  tube. 

Mr.  Crova,  professor  at  the  Faculty  of  Sciences 
of  Montpellier,  has  had  the  ingenious  idea  ot 
bringing  the  speotroscope  to  the  aid  of  the 
manufacturer,  and  his  efforts  have  been  most 
successful.  By  the  means  ho  has  adopted, 
heats  hitherto  incalculable  can  be  determined 
very  precisely.  The  process  by  which  he  pro- 
ceeds is,  roughly  speaking,  to  adopt  a  fixed 
standard,  and,  having  settled  that  point,  to  ex- 
amine  by  the  aid  of  a  spectroscope,  the  flames 
of  the  incandescent  objects,  and  reduce  them  by 
interposing  obstructives  of  known  power  to  the 
same  level  as  the  standard.  That  arrangement 
he  calls  a  spectro  photometor.  Of  course,  in  such 
an  apparatus,  the  primary  data  must  be  purely 
arbitrary.  Mr.  Crova  takes  as  the  point  of 
departure  the  heat  emitted  by  an  ordinary 
moderator  lamp-burning  oil,  and  that  he  fixes  at 
1,000.  In  comparing  other  incandescent  sub- 
stances with  that  standard,  he  finds  that  the 
heat  of  a  piece  of  platinum,  warmed  to  the  red 
in  a  gaslight,  is  524  ;  the  same  material  raised 
to  a  white  heat  by  the  blow-pipe,  810;  a  regula- 
tion stearine  candle,  1,162;  an  Argand  burner 
of  ordinary  gas,  1,373  ;  the  oxy-hydrogen  light 
(common  gas  and  oxygen  on  lime),  1,806;  the 
electric  light  (60  Bunsen  elements),  3,060  ;  and 
the  light  of  the  sun,  4,049.  Carbon,  lime  and 
platinum,  when  incandescent,  have  the  same 
power,  and  probably  magnesium. 

This  new  system  is  calculated  to  be  of  vast 
importance  to  manufacture,  by  enabling  the 
operator  to  regulate  his  fire  so  as  to  produce  the 
precise  effect  desired.  M.  Dumas,  in  bringing 
the  matter  under  the  notice  of  the  Academy  of 
Sciences,  stated  that  he  considered  it  as  the 
greatest  discovery  of  modern  times,  and  M. 
Berthelot  warmly  supported  his  statement.— 
Galignani. 

Science  in  the  Industries. — Hitherto  the 
syrup  produced  in  the  process  of  the  manufac- 
ture of  sugar  from  beet  root  has  been  but  little 
better  than  a  waste  product.  But  the  science 
of  chemistry  has  recently  come  to  the  aid  of 
the  beet  sugar  manufacturers  in  the  following 
manner,  condensed  from  the  Am.  Jour,  of 
Pharmacy  for  March:  "As  one  of  the  most 
striking  improvements  in  applied  chemistry 
shown  at  the  late  Paris  exhibition,  Di/iyler's 
refers  to  the  process  of  "Vincj&nt  and  others  for 
working  over  the  molasses  residues  from  the 
beet  sugar  manufacture,  which  have  of  late 
been  introduced  in  France,  and  by  which  it 
has  been  found  profitable  to  turn  to  useful 
account,  in  producing  several  valuable  products, 
what  was  long  regarded  as  a  waste  product. 
These  molasses  residues  (after  extracting  the 
potash  salts)  are  submitted  to  a  dry  distillation, 
in  which  process  gases,  tar  and  much  condensed 
water  are  obtained.  From  the  last  named 
(which  alone  is  useful)  there  are  obtained 
ammonium  sulphate,  methyl  alcohol  and  large 
quantities  of  crude  tri-methylamine  salts.  The 
alcohol  is  valuable  in  the  manufacture  of  ani- 
line colors;  and  the  tri-methylamine  salts  are 
converted,  by  a  prooess  of  Vincent,  into  methyl 
chloride,  which  is  similarly  used,  or,  being  an 
extremely  volatile  liquid,  is  used  in  making 
artificial  ice."  The  value,  to  the  world,  of  this 
last  contribution  of  applied  chemistry  may  be 
feebly  inferred  from  the  fact  that  the  annual 
production  of  beet  sugar  in  Europe  has  now 
reached  the  enormous  annual  aggregate  of 
1,300,000  tons,  and  is  stUl  rapidly  increasing. 


The  Composition  and  Uses  of  Furnace 
Gases. — It  has  been  ascertained  that  gases  col- 
lected in  the  most  heated  parts  of  furnaces 
working  iron,  and  rapidly  cooled  differ  com- 
pletely from  the  results  given  by  the  analysis  of 
Ebelmen.  This  able  metallurgist,  ignoring  the 
phenomena  of  dissociation,  collected  the  gases 
by  slowly  aspirating  them  through  a  long  tube 
which  allowed  the  combination  of  the  disso- 
ciated elements.  In  Ebelmen's  analyses,  the  re- 
action nearly  always  appears  complete,  whereas 
the  author  finds  that  the  fumes  and  carbureted 
gases  may  exist  in  the  presence  of  oxygen,  and 
at  the  temperature  of  molten  iron.  Gas  col- 
lected above  the  grating  of  a  furnace  where  the 
bricks  were  at  a  temperature  of  intense  white 
heat,  contained:  Oxygen,  13.15%;  carbonio 
oxide,  3.31%  ;  carbonic  acid,  1.04%  ;  nitrogen 
(by  difference),  82.5%.  In  metallurgical  works 
the  gases  issuing  from  the  furnaces  are  gener- 
ally directed  beneath  steam  generators,  but 
they  cool  very  rapidly  against  the  sides  of  the 
boiler ;  so  that  after  traversing  about  50  feet 
the  temperature  is  lower  than  500°,  and  the 
gases  then  contain  per  cent.:  Oxygen,  7-65; 
carbonic  oxide,  3.21;  carbonic  acid,  7.42;  nitro- 
gen, 81.72.  The  quantity  of  oxygen  has  thus 
diminished  by  nearly  one-half,  and  has  been 
lost  by  its  reaction  on  the  finely-divided  carbon 
which  exists  in  great  quantity  in  the  atmosphere 
of  the  furnace. 

Nobel's  explosive  gelatine  was  recently 
tested  at  the  St.  Gothard  Tunnel  works,  and 
has  been  reported  to  possess  double  the  explo- 
sive energy  of  dynamite.  It  has  the  additional 
advantage  over  the  latter,  also,  of  keeping  for 
an  indefinite  period  under  water  without  de- 
terioration. 


252 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[April  19,  1879. 


Table  of  Highest  and  Lowest  Sales  in 
.     S.  F.  Stock  Exchange. 


IV a  mo.  of 
Company. 

1  Week 
Ending 

mar.  saf. 

Week 
Ending 
Apr.  3. 

Week  [   Week 
Ending  Ending 
Apr.  10.  Apr.  if. 

194 

5.9(1 
40c 

iiio 

1 

8i 
50c 

lll 
2.15 

35o 

1.20 

17 

4 
2 

85c 
2.65 
51 
3.20 
43S 
1*1 
1.35 

3 

40o 
15o 

5o 

30c 
22 
45 
25c 

4.30 
30c 

9! 
70c 

91 
134 

2f 
50c 

20c 
li 

3.80 
5J 

5 

15o 

li 
11 
If 
30c 
75c 

85c 

1.80 

65 

1.30 

35i 

9{ 
80c 
10} 

35c 

31 
75c 
10} 

16! 

5 
35c 

'90c 

"61 

40c 
15 

4! 
1.70 
30c 

6 

3 
151 

2j 
1.4S 
60c 

2.10 
4. SO 
2.10 

354 

10 

1.05 

4.60 

4i 

26c 
20c 

■a 

5c 
4 

'50c 
7 

% 
40c 

Do 

4 
34 
5 

4i 

60c 
1 
85c 
20c 

60c 

30c 

1) 
6 
1 

24! 

7i 
55c 

9! 

30c 

24.1 
55c 
9 

40c 

1 
1 

81 
45c 
Igj 

1.90 
35c 
7 
3! 
16! 

9 

70c 
2.55 

9 

8» 

1.35 

5i 
5J 

40c 
25c 

5c 

30c 
19 
5 
30c 

6! 

10 

55c 
84 

Hi 

is 

45c 

20c 
1.60 

4.30 

3. 85 

7 

5 
10c 

1.15 
1.10 
1 
30c 
60c 

25c 

14 

1.30 

33} 

3 
91 

SOc 
10 

25c 

24j 
60c 
11 

24 
20c 

54 

HI 

47 

1.60 

8 

65c 
2} 

li 

35c 
35c 
30c 
60c 

2 

75c 
20o 
60 

15! 

1.20 
15c 

15c 

m 

17 

4J 

90c 
6 

40c 

15 

4.95 

14 

30c 

? 

154 

3.20 

1.30 
SOc 
2.10 
4.91 
24 
42 
11 
1.05 
4.90 
44 

15c 

Hoc 
15= 
4. SO 

3.35 

9 

45c 
7 

10! 
1 

35c 
15c 

« 

3. SO 

3.20 

6 

44 

SOc 
1 

50c 
20c 

1.10 

5! 

1.10 

29 

"7j 
60c 

9! 

20} 

55c 
9! 

2 
10c 

5 

9J 

41 J 

1.35 

74 

40c 
2.05 
1.40 

'30c 

20c 
SOc 

li 

'l5c 

SI 

95c 
10c 

13! 

20 
51 

40c 

Do 

50c 
6* 
40c 
161 

1.S0 
45c 
10 
35 
21 

44 
2 

75c 

2.90 

■s 

1.55 
6 
54 

40c 
35c 

30c 
IS 
5 

25c 

34 
30c 

95 

50c 

10'i 

2 

45c 

15c 

1.55 

3.90 

1.70 

8 

54 
10c 

95c 

1.20 
75c 
50c 
60c 

25c 

II 

1.30 

30} 

"a 

70c 
10 

25c 
75c 
23 
60c 
9J 

31 

15c 
5} 

51 

90c 

101 

31 

43} 
if 
74 

60c 
2! 
1.65 
35c 
60c 
30c 
50c 

2 

75c 
20c 
56! 
15 

.10 
10c 

15} 

is;   231     194 
31|    5,    4.90 

Alps 

30c 

H65 
"5} 

15c 
14 
4  70 

40c      35c 
L65    Do 

'■'■i'   "it 

30o      25c 

17       15} 
54        51 

H 

1.60        1} 

34c 
7! 
3 

18 

3.60 
1.30 

50c 
2.15 

51 
13 
1.20 
4.95 

4! 
30c 

25c 
16 
4} 

3} 
25c 

45c 

6J 
?J 

11 
35c 

"is 

3.10 

3.15 

7 

4.60 

75c 
70c 
60c 
20c 
55c 

2} 

61 
1 

29 

"7J 

55c 
9! 

'20'i 
55c 
9 

« 

10c 
4 

i 

75c 

9 
20 

40! 

1.10 

7 

50c 
2.10 
1.50 

'40c 
15c 

40c 

li 
70c 
10c 
53 
13! 

95o 
5c 

40c      35c 

94        71 
34        3 

22        194 

4.70    2.60 
1.80       1} 

70o      65c 

2i       li 

6         5} 

3.20    2.80 

64       51 

Con  Imperial 

15       14 

1.70    1.35 

6         54 

5}      a 

35c     25c 

20c     10c 

45o     30o 

17       16 

51        51 
25c     .... 

34       3 
35c      30c 

9      .... 
50c     40c 

81       8} 
12}      101 
2.15    .... 
50c      25c 

15o    .... 
2}    1.60 
4.10       34 
4}    3.60 
7}       7} 

5         4} 
20c      15c 

80c     60c 
1       85c 
14    1.20 

50c     40o 

25c    .... 

2.95       2} 
64       6 
1}    1.10 

324      30 

1  .... 

2  .... 
81        8 

70c      60c 
98       8 

25o    .... 

255     22} 

55c     30c 
91       9( 

3  .... 
10c        5c 

4J    3.95 

54        4} 

80c      70c 

11         91 

435    'iij 

1.30    1.05 

65c      50c 
2.40       2 
1.60    1.40 
35c     30c 
50c     40o 
25o     SOc 

2.30    1.95 
75c      50o 
15o     10c 
594      57 
15J      13} 

1.15    1.05 
10c    .... 

Hate  &  Norcross 

North  Coa  Virginia. 

Northern  Belle 

Raymond  &  Ely 

35c 

6i 
70c 

US 

474 

1.80 

8 

15c 

5! 
65c 

9i 

37 
1.30 

30c 

2 

1 

30c 
40c 
15c 

1.90 
75c 
15c 
53! 
12 

1 

11! 

Sierra  Nevada 

Silver  Hill 

1 
2.40 
1.80 
4l>c 
50c 
25c 
50c 

2.30 
1.05 
20o 
664 
18 

1.35 
10c 

1 
16 

South  Standard 

Star 

Tiptop  

Yellow  Jacket. ..... 

13 

16}      14| 

Sales  at  S.  F.  Stock  Exchange. 


Friday  A.  31.,  Apr.  11. 

310  Alpha 23@23J 

360  Alta 505$ 

30J  Andes 40c 

1450  Belcher W 

820  Bullion 5*C 

90  Best  &  Belcher. .  .162017 

310  Benton 3i 

455  California h% 

695  '.Ion  Virginia 5J06 

420  Chollar 6i0ef 

130  Confidence 15 

6310  Con  Imperial. .1.7001. 65 

725  Crown  Point 51051 

155  Caledonia 2.k\«.-:i 

500  Challense 2.9003 

605  Exchequer 5305  j 

1075  Flowery 60<«65c 

650  Gould  a  Curry 8g03l 

490  Hale&Nor 1OJ01O1 

355  Julia 3.90M3.80 

1215  Justice 3.9503.60 

100  Kossuth 20c 

80  Keutuck 4.9005 

50  Lady  Wash 90c 

200  Leviathan 45040c 

280  Lady  Bryan 60@75c 

345  Mides 1 

200  Mexican 30} 

120  Mackey 3 .  15@3 .  1U 

200  MtView 3304 

130  North  Con  Vir 81 

250  N  Bonanza \AQ«nAb 

450  New  York 60@70c 

335  Ophir 23022;{ 

25  Overman 9j- 

150  Phil  Sheridan. 5c 

180  Potosi 4.10ifUi5 

165  Savage 10.0101 

70  Sierra  Nevada 42j 

1375  Succor UUi'it-Sc 

325  Silver  Hill 1.2u.ol.l3 

810  Scorpion IVL-Ki 

300  Solid  Silver 35c 

500  Trojan 15c 

25  Union  Con 57J@57 

20  Utah 15 


200  Wells-Fareo 10c 

40  Ward 1.05 

945  Yellow  Jacket 16@16i 

AFTERNOON  8B8BION. 

200  Albion 25c 

810  Argenca 1.2O01J 

445  Booker 55065c 

830  Black  Hawk... 4. 60(354. 70 

865  Belvidere 1.&O013 

145  Bodie 7i@7S 

55  Bechtel 1  j@l  .55 

300  Belmont 30@25c 

440  Bulwer 2OJ02O 

610  Belle  Isle 40c 

890  Champion 35c 

350  Caledonia  (B  H). 2. 200a* 

520  OPacific 2.7002.55 

430  Dudley 40035c 

100  Day 30c 

500  DeFreea 15c 

100  Endowment 25c 

25  Eureka  Con 161 

280  Goodshaw 45@40c 

630  Grand  Prize 3403i 

200  Gila ..30c 

255  Huasey 15c 

175  Hamburg 50c 

600  Independence  ..  .1301,60 
900  Jupiter 50©60c 

50  Jackson 7) 

100  Leopard 14 

95  Manhattan 2) 

830  Mono 302} 

475  May  Belle 25c 

550  McClinton lj 

400  Navajo 25c 

400  Noonday 2J 

250  NNoonday 1.15 

125  Northern  Belle...  ,9J09jj 

150  Oriental 55c 

485  Paradise 1401.40 

100  Real  del  Monte. .  .4@3.80 

300  Revenue 1 

200  Richer 80c 

100  Raymond  &  Ely.'. 5i 

380  Summit. 2.40i6>2.30 

650  SBodie 40@50o 


600  S  Bulwer . 

1000  S  Standard 20025c 

200  Tuscarora 5c 

160  Tioga  Con 1,95 

900  University 60055c 

Siiturdny  A.M.,  Apr.  12. 
270  Alpha 20i 

70  Alta. 5J@5 

570  Andes 35@40c 

620  Argenta 1.30@1.3.r 

20  Best  &  Belcher 15i 

1025  Belcher 5|@5j 

320  Bullion 5-. 

50  Benton. 3.30 

430  Belle  Isle 35c 

1000  Brilliant 25c 

670  Bechtel lj©l} 

670  Belvidere 1.8001} 

5  Bulwer 20 

50  Booker 65c 

1205  Black  Hawk 4(33.60 

100  Bodie 7i 

690  California 5i©b 

75  Crown  Point 5 

830  Caledonia ... 

790  Con  Virginia 

100  Chollar 

3450  Con  Imperial.  ...i.5501i 

100  ChalleoKe 2,  " 

160  Confidence 14®14j 

850  Champion 30c 

200  OPacific 2.65@2jj 

650  Day  SOc 

50  DeFrees 

610  Dudley 50055c 

420  Exchequer 5J@5j 

50  Eureka  Con 17 

960  Flowery 

275  Gould  &  Curry... 

25  Grand  Prize 3i 

50  Gila 30c 

100  Goodshaw 40c 

180  H&Noroross....lli@U4 

200  Hillside 2.15 

150  Hussey 15c 

300  Independence:... 1J01. 80 

365  Julia 4@3.90 

250  Justice 3.9504 

110  Jackaon 7J 

150  Jupiter 60050c 

50  Kentuck 4j 

100  Kossuth 15c 

100  L  Bryan 80c 

50  Lady  Wash 90c 

105  Leopard li 

100  Mexican 30 

40  Morning  Star 2 

170  Mackey .2.9003 

120  Manhattan 24 

180  McClinton 1.10 

660  Mono 2.9002.70 

210  M  White 6}06i 

690  N  Bonanza U01.4O 

600  New  York 65060c 

10  N  Con  Virginia 8 

210  Northern  Belle 9 

840  Noonday 2.40@-i.f 

640  NNoonday 

245  Onhir 22102 

120  Overman 9 

630  Oriental 55c 

210  Potosi 

450  Phil  Sheridan 5010c 

400  Paradise 1.45 

350  Raymond  &  E 5} 

100  Richer SOc 

75  Savage 10J@10^ 

2050  Succor 60c 

235  Silver  Hill 1.15@1.20 

830  Scorpion 1 .40 

175  Sierra  Nevada 42$ 

400  Solid  Silver 30c 

350  Summit 2.4002.30 

100  South  Bodie 40c 

550  S  Bulwer 

1400  Tioga 

250  Trojan 15c 

555  Tiptop 70c 

200  Union  Con 57057} 

10  Utah 14 

550  University 60@55c 

300  Ward 1.0501.10 

565  Yellow  Jacket... 14J@15J 
Monday  A.  9I.«  Apr.  14. 

50  Andes 40c 

475  Alta , 

190  Alpha 21022 

375  Belcher 6 

80  Best  &  Belcher... 16i@16g 

70  Benton ." 

10  Bullion 5, 

140  Caledonia : 

835  Challenge 303.05 

375  California 5l©5; 

4520  Con  Imperial.  .1.6001.65 

880  Con  Virginia 5," 

300  Chollar 6J@6; 

390  Crown  Point 504i 

270  Confidence 14£@14; 

690  Exchequer. 53. 

160  Flowery 60c 

275  Gould  &  Curry 81083 

265  Hale&Nor I1J01U 

140  Justice 4104.15 

355  Julia 4.1004 

10  Kentuck 4: 

150  Lady  Bryan. 80@75l 

400  Leviathan 50045c 

350  Mexican 3OJ03O 

225  Mackey 2.95 

100  N  Bonanza.. 1.30 

20  North  Con  Vir..., 

350  New  York 65c 

600  Ophir 240244 

120  Overman 9109i 

250  Phil  Sheridan .5c 

1350  Succor 

100  Silver  Hill 1.30 

390  Scorpion 1. 60014 

.    85  SierraNevada... .424.0421 

175  Savage 1020104 

400  Solid  Silver 30c 

300  Trojan 10@15c 

5  Union  Con 57 

300  Ward 1.1501.10 

480  Yellow  Jaoket...  15  j@16i 

AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

745  Argenta.........lJ@1.45 

100  Albion 25c 

530  Bodie 9i©y 

400  Belle  Isle 40c 

500  Bechtel 1.55@1.60 

180  Bulwer. " 

450  Belvidere If 

150  Booker 70c 

1450  Black  Hawk " 

100  Caledonia  (B  H)... 

1090  Champion 30c 

430  Con  Pacific 2i@2.55 

100  Day 35c 

50  DeFrees 15c 

150  Dudley 5Q@40c 

210  Eureka  Cou 16J@16$ 

30  Goodshaw 40c 

400  Gila 30( 

300  Hamburg 50c 

275  Hillside 2.15 

700  Highbridge 50c 

250  Hussey 15c 

7S0  Independence.. 2. 10@2. 3i 

1950  Jupiter 65< 

130  Jackson 7; 

90  Leopard 1.2t 

200  McClinton 1.20@l.lf 

1000  May  Belle 25( 

210  Manhattan 2.60@2J 

660  Mono 3i@3.05 

350  Martin  White " 

350  Northern  Belle 

250  Noonday 2 


300  NNc-nday li 

100  Paradise 1* 

50  Phenix 3 

25  Raymond  &  Ely 5J 

175  Revenue 1 

200  Richer 75@80c 

530  Summit 2.20@2 

800  S  Standard 25@20c 

900  8  Bulwer 85<a90c 

410  SBodie 50@40c 

710  Tiptop 70c 

1000  Tuscarora 5c 

320  Tioga  Con 2.30@2i 

1000  University 55c 

Tuesday  A.  M.,  Apr.  15. 

50  Alta 5i@5.10 

5  Alpha 23 

10  Bodie 9 

260  Belcher 6@5.90 

20  Best&Belcher...l6i@16g 

150  Bullion 5} 

100  Benton 3 

M)  Challenge 3.1503.20 

150  Chollar. 61063 

30  California 5.90 

135  Con  Virginia 5i@5g 

170  Crown  Point.. .4.9504.90 

200  Caledonia 201.95 

2270  Con  Imperial.. 1.6501. 55 

200  Exchequer 5.70@5J 

160  Gould  &  Curry S3 

20  H&Norcrosa....l2J012j 

50  Julia 4 .0504. 10 

180  Justice 4.10@4.05 

105  Mexican 31J032J 

290  Ophir 250254 

60  Overman 91@9g 

230  Potosi 4i@4 

300  Savage 103011 

250  Silver  Hill U01.3O 

50  Sierra  Nevada 43j 

60  Utah 15i 

30  Union  Con 59* 

100  Yellow  Jacket 161 

AFTKKNULKN   SBUHIUA. 

10  Andes 40c 

50  Alta 5.10 

100  Argenta li 

10  Bodie 9i 

400  Brilliant 30c 

10  Beat  &  Belcher 16J 

35  Belcher 5.9506 

100  Bullion 5J05.55 

150  Black  Hawk 2.90 

100  Chollar 6i@6J 

180  CaUforma 6 

120  Crown  Point 5.2005 

50  Challenge 3 

500  Eagle 50c 

25  Exchequer 5j 

90  Gould  &  Curry 8i 

70  Hale&  Nor 120124 

150  Independence 2J 

70  Justice 4.05 

100  L  Bryan 75c 

100  Mackey 3 

30  Mexican 314 

190  New  York 62i.@65c 

60  N  Bonanza... .1.3001.35 
120  Ophir 2*i024i 

80  Silver  Hill IJ 

600  S  Utah 5c 

100  Solid  Silver 30c 

120  Tiptop 60050c 

10  Utah 15 

100  Wells-Fargo 10c 

250  Ward 1.10 

Wed'Bduy  A.M.,  Apr.  lti. 

235  Alpha 19J 

390  Alta 504.95 

140  Andes 40c 

65  B  St.  Belcher 153016 

645  Belcher 55 

510  Bullion 5* 

50  Benton 3.10 

835  Con  Virginia 54. 

550  California 5J06 

275  Crown  Point 5 

8350  Con  Imperial. .1.4501. 35 

25  Confidence 15 

195  Caledonia 1.9001.95 

100  Challenge 2.95 

595  Exchequer 5J05g 

200  Flowery 65c 

410  Gould  &  Curry 8i©8i 

175  Hale  &  Nor 12011J 

200  Justice 3.9004 

50  Julia 33 

70  Kentuck 4.8O04j 

530  Lady  Bryan 70c 

25  Lady  Wash 85c 

100  Leviathan 50c 

275  Mexican 303 

150  Mackey 2.90©2| 

35  Mount  View 1 

700  New  York 60c 

50  North  Con  Vir 8081 

120  N  Bonanza 1.20011 

325  Ophir 24023/J 

55  Overman 91094. 

145  Potosi 3.95 

40  Savage 10* 

155  S  Nevada 42$042i 

185  Silver  Hill 1.10 

600  Succor. 65@50c 

225  Scorpion ij 

200  Solid  Sliver 30c 

1O00  Trojan 15c 

5  Utah 148 

150  Union 57j@57j 

445  Ward 1.1501.10 

600  Yellow  Jacket. .  .151015$. 

AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

715  Argenta 1.60001. 65 

200  Albion 25c 

35  Bulwer 200194 

250  Bodie 9J 

1120  Bechtel Ig01 .30 

100  Belle  Isle 40c 

625  Booker 65c 

1630  Black  Hawk 2j@2 .60 

300  Belvidere 13 

900  Champion 25c 

350  Caledonia  (B  H) 21 

305  O  Pacific 2i©2.40 

600  Day 45@40c 

600  DeFrees 10c 

1085  Dudley 45@4Cc 

35  Eureka  Con 16 

800  Fourth  July 35c 

180  Gila 35c 

65  Grand  Prize 3.0503 

10  Golden  Terra 9 

685  Goodshaw 60040c 

200  Hillside 2.15 

1610  Highbridge 30025c 

570  Independence  ...2.80023 
800  Jackson 71 

1380  Jupiter 70075c 

350  Leopard 1.3O0U 

250  Manhattan 2.7002.95 

50  May  Belle 25c 

615  McClinton 1* 

50  M  White 6 

405  Mono 3.10 

350  Noonday 2.60024. 

575  N  Noonday H01.15 

115  Northern  Belle 8^08 

120  Oriental 30c 

200  Paradise li 

120  Real  del  Monte 4 

245  Raymond  &  Ely...4i©4J 

50  Richer 70c 

500  S  Standard 20c 

400  SBodie 45c 

700  Summit 202. 10 

300  S  Bulwer SOc 

140  Tiptop 70075c 

520  Tioga  Con 202.05 

205  University 50c 


SALES  OF   LAST  WEEK   AND   THIS  COMPARED 


Tlinrsd'y  A.  M.,  Apr.  1©L 

75  Alta 504.90 

100  Ande3 35c 

110  Alpha 20 

235  Be3t&Belcher 16: 

1426  Belcher 605. 

275  Bullion :.l 

250  Benton 34@3.40 

100  Brilliant 25c 


Thursday  A.M.,  Apr.  17. 

150  Alta 504.90 

100  Andes 40c 

5  Best  &  Belcher 16 

280  Belcher 5B 

145  Bullion 5J05i 

ISO  Chollar 5J053 

1410  Con  Virginia 5* 

2220  Con  Imperial 1.40 


MINING  SHAREHOLDERS'  DIRE0T0BY. 

Compiled  every  Thursday  from  Advertisements  in  Mining  and  Scientific  Press  and  other  S.  F.  Journals. 
ASSESSMENTS-STOCKS  ON  THE  LISTS  OP  THE  BOARDS. 


Company. 
Crown  Point  Ravine  G  k  S 
DeFreesM&M  Co 
Endowment  M  Co 
Exchequer  M  Co 
Gould  &  Curry  S  M  Co 
Hale  &  Norcross  S  M  Co 
Leviathan  M  Co 
Leopard  M  Co 
Manhattan  S  M  Co 
Martin  White  M  Co 
McCrackin  Con  M  Co 
Mono  G  M  Co 
N  Con  Virginia  M  Co 
Panther  M  Co 
Phil  Sheridan  O  &  S  M  Co 
South  Bulwer  G  M  Co 
South  Standard  M  Co 
Trojan  M  Co 
Real  Del  Monte  M  Co 
Sierra  Nevada  S  M  Co 
Tioga  Con  M  Co 
Tuscarora  M  &  M  Co 
Union  Con  S  M  Co 


Location.  N( 

M  Co       Nev  6 

Nevada  9 

Nevada  3 

Nevada  13 

Nevada  35 

Nevada  61 

Nevada  8 

Nevada  10 

Nevada  2 

Nevada  5 

Arizona  2 

California  3 

Nevada  16 

Nevada  11 

Nevada  9 

California  2 
California 


Nevada  10 

Nevada  6 

Nevada  57 

California  5 

Nevada  3 

Nevada  12 


Amt.  Levied. 

15  Apr  16 

10  Mar  11 

25  Feb  20 

1  00  Feb  26 

1  00  Mar  11 

1  00  Mar  12 

25  Mar  6 

50  MarlO 

1  00  Mar  3 

1  50  Dec  14 

50  Oct  22 

50  Mar  27 

1  00  Mar  21 
10  Apr  3 
40  Mar  24 
10  Feb  27 
15  Feb  25 
25  Apr  9 
50  Mar  29 

2  00  Apr  16 
20  Apr  3 
05  Mar  27 

1  50  Apr  2 


DBLINQ,' 

May  20 
April 
Mar  31 
Mar  31 
Apr  16 
Apr  16 
Apr  12 
Apr  14 
AprS 
Jan  21 
Mar  3 
Mayl 
Apr  24 
May  7 
Apr  25 
Mar  31 
Mar  31 
May  15 
Mayl 
May  20 
May  8 
May  5 
May  5 


nt.    Sale. 

June  9 

May  3 

Apr  21 

Apr  21 

May  7 

May8 

May  2 

May  5 

Apr  30 

Apr  19 

May  15 

May  21 

May  13 

May  28 

May  13 

Apr  21 

Apr  21 

June  6 

May  20 

June  10 

May  28 

May  30 

May  24 


Secretary. 
J  M  Buffington 
T  E  Atkinson 
R  H  Brown 
Joseph  Grass 
A  K  Durbrow 
Joel  F  Lightner 
F  E  Luty 
R  H  Brown 
Jno  Crockett 
J  J  Sroville 
H  A  Whiting 
Wm  H  Lent 
G  C  Pratt 
JWPew 
D  L  Thomas 
Wm  Stuart 
C  A  Sarikey 
David  Wilder 
C  V  D  Hubbard 
W  W  Stetson 
"W  H  Lent 
M  E  Sperling 
J  M  Buflington 


Place  of  Business 

309  California  at 

318  Pine  st 

327  Pine  st 

418  California  8t 

309  Montgomery  st 

309  Montgomery  st 

507  Montgomery  st 

327  Pine  st 

203  Bush  st 

59  Nevada  Block 

211  Sansomest 

309  Montgomery  at 

309  Montgomery  at 

310  Pine  st 

203  Bush  at 

320  San  some  st 

331  Montgomery  st 

328  Montgomery  Bt 

203  Bush  et 

309  Montgomery  st 

309  Monfgomeryst 

309  California  at 

309  California  st 


OTHER  COMPANIES-NOT  ON  THE  LISTS  OF  THE  BOARDS. 


Amazon  Con  M  Co  Nevada 

Aurora  T  &  M  Co  California 

Almaden  Q  M  Co  California 

Champion  M  Co  California 
Cherokee  Flat  Blue  Grav  Co     California 

Con  Dorado  M  Co  Nevada 

Dudley  M  Co  California 

Eagle  S  M  &  M  Co  Nevada 

Equitable  T  &  M  Co  Utah 

Globe  Con  M  Co  Nevada 

Godfrey  Gravel  M  Co  California 

Hazard  G  M  Co  California 

Hidalgo  M  &  S  Co  California 

Howe  S  M  Co  Nevada 

Lewis  Con  S  M  Co  Arizona 

Mayflower  Gravel  M  Co  California 

McMillen  S  MCo  Arizona 

Mt  Jefferson  M  &  M  Co  California 
Northern  Light  G  &  S  M  Co      California 

North  Noonday  M  Co  California 

Noonday  M  Co  California 

Pinal  M  &  M  Co  Arizona 

Pioneer  Con  M  Co  Nevada 

Oueen  Bee  M  Co  California 

Richer  M  Co  California 

Rocky  Point  M  Oo  California 

Silver  King  South  M  Co  Arizona 

Summit  M  Co  California 

Seg  Europa  M  Co  Nevada 

South  Utah  M  Co  Nevada 

Tiger  M  Co  Arizona 

Twin  Peak  M  Co  Nevada 

University  G  M  Co  California 
Wide  Awake  Prospecting  &  M  Co       Ariz 


10  Mar  24 

20  Feb  24 

25  Apr  15 

15  Apr  15 

05  Apr  10 

50  MarlO 

25  AprS 

20  Apr  16 

10  Mar  21 

10  Mar  29 

05  Jan  17 

10  Mar  21 

01  Mar  29 
03  Feb  24 

02  Mar  26 
10  Mar  26 
25  Mar  19 
05  Mar  21 
10  Apr  9 
20  Mar  27 
20  Mar  27 

6  00  Feb  19 

05  Mar  6 

10  Mar  6 

25  Mar  8 
Apr  17 


10 


3  10  Mar  12 

7  05  Feb  4 

1  25  Apr  4 

2  10  Apr  7 

3  30  Mar  14 
2  15  April 
1  10  Marl 
6  04  Febl 


Apr  28 
April  I 
May  17 
May  21 
May  12 
Apr  12 
May  10 
May  20 
Apr  23 
Apr  30 
Feb  20 
Apr  22 
May  8 
Mar  31 
May  3 
Apr  30 
Apr  23 
May  2 
May  14 
May  2 
Mayl 
Apr  5 
Apr  12 
Apr  9 
Apr  14 
May  29 
Apr  23 
Mar  11 
May  8 
May  10 
Apr  23 
May  16 
Apr  5 
April  1 


May  20 

Apr  30 

June  10 

June  10 

June  10 

Apr  30 

June  9 

June  10 

May  14 

May  16 

Apr  28 

May  9 

June  9 

Apr  21 

May  26 

May  20 

May  15 

May  27 

June  2 

May  23 

May  22 

May  5 

May  3 

May  5 

May  5 

Juno  16 

May  20 

May  fi 

May  27 

May  31 

May  19 

June  5 

Apr  26 

Mayl 


Jno  Crockett 

C  Van  Dyck  Hubbard 


1  Bush  Bt 
203  BuBh  st 


J  F  Maboney 

Jno  Crockett 

R  N  Van  Brunt 

J  M  Buffington 

F  C  Maaten 

Jno  E  Dixon 

Chaa  J  Collins 

O  H  Bogart         _ 

J  M  Buffington 

J  T  McGeoghegan 

J  Costa 

H  B  Sand 

J  WPew 

J  Morizio 

J  Morizio 

R  N  Van  Brunt 

S  F  Monroe 

G  A  Holden 

G  A  Holden 

Amos  Roberts 

J  M  Buffington 

Thos  A  White 

W  H  Lent 

T  L  Bibbins 

A  Judson 

R  N  Van  Brunt 

R  B  Noyea 

C  S  Healy 

W  H  Lent  309  Montgomery  st 

T  W  Colbum  414  California  at 

Wm  Letts  Oliver         328  Montgm'y  at 

C  Hildobrandt  232  Sutter  at 


207  Sansome  Bt 

203  BuBh  st 

318  Pine  st 

309  California  at 

309  Montgomery  Bt 

327  Pine  st 

227  Montgomery  st 

106  Leidesdorff  st 

309  California  at 

318  Pine  st 

323  Front  Bt 

404  Montgomery  at 

310  Pine  at 

328  Montgomery  at 

32S  Montgomery  at 

318  Pine  at 

419  California  at 

310  Pine  at 

310  Pine  st 

214  Saneome  at 

309  California  Bt 

113  LcideBdorfl  at 

309  Montgomery  Bt 

314  Bush  Bt 

320  Sansome  at 

,  •  318  Pine  Bt 

'240  Montgomery  at 

Merchants'  Exchange 


MEETINGS  TO  BE  HELD. 


Name  of  Company. 
Endowment  M  Co 
Golden  Star  M  Co 
Indian  Queen  M  &  M  Co 
Justice  Con  M  Co 
Morning  Star  M  Co 
Richer  M  Co 
Woodville  Con  S  M  Co 


Location.    Secretary. 

Nevada    Jno  E  Dixon 
J  W  Morgan 
California    Alfred  K  Durbrow 

Nevada    R  E  Kelley 

Nevada    Jas  B  Maholm 
California    Wm  H  Lent 

Nevada    R  E  Kelley 


Office  in  S.  F. 

327  Pine  at 

318  Pine  Bt 

309  Montgomery  st 

419  California  st 

331  Montgomery  st 

309  Montgomery  at 

419  California  st 


Annual 
Annual 
Annual 
Annual 
Annual 
Annual 
Annual 


LATEST  DIVIDENDS-WITHIN    THREE    MONTHS 


Name  cf  Company. 

Bodie  G  M  Co 
California  M  Co 
Con  Virginia  M  Co 
Excelsior  W  &  M  Co 
Eureka  Con  M  Co- 
Standard  Con  M  Co 


Location.     Secretary. 

California  W  H  Lent 

Nevada  C  P  Gordon 

Nevada  A  W  Haven 

California  G  P  Thurston 

Nevada  W  W  Traylor 

California  "W  Willia 


Office  in  S.  F. 

327  Pine  at 

23  Nevada  Block 

309  Montgomery  Bt 

315  California  Bt 

37  Nevada  Block 

309  Montgomery  Bt 


1  00 

1  00 

50 

25 

1  00 


Datr 

May  5 

April  26 

April  23 

May  5 

April  29 

Apr  29 

May  5 


Payablb 
Jan  20 
Jan  16 
April  15 
Apr  21 
Apr  21 
Aorl2 


ISO  Crown  Point 5J 

820  California 5J 

655  Con  Virginia 5g05j 

210  Chollar 6i 

4045  Con  Imperial 1.5501$ 

95  Confidence 141014 

260  Caledonia 2.2002.15 

800  Challenge 302J 

160  Exchequer 


I  Flowery 60c   510  Julia  . 


150  Crown  Point 504.95 

100  Confidence 14 

1235  California 6 

150  Challenge 2.80 

225  Caledonia 1.800 

620  Exchequer 

55  Gould  &  Curry 830; 

70  Hale&Nor llji@ll 

520  Justice 3 


340  Gould  &  Curry.. 
525  Hale  &  Nor.. 


78071 
.10j©10 

90  Julia 3.9003.85 

255  Justice 4.1504.10 

25  Kentuck 4} 

150  Lady  Bryan 

390  Leviathan 40^ 

170  Mexican 3010304. 

50  Mountain  View 3 

330  Mackey 3.1503.05 

300  New  York 65c 

45  North  Con  Vir 8 

30  NBonanza 1.40 

150  Ophir 230223 

10  Overman 93 

120  Potosi 4.10 

80  Savage 101010 

205  See  Belcher 31@M 

885  Succor 60c 

470  Silver  Hill 1.1001.15 

60  Sierra  Nevada... 4230424 

320  Scorpion IJ 

300  Solid  Silver 35c 

1460  Trojan 20015c 

70  Utah 15 

140  Union  Con 564 

110  WeDs-Far60 10c 

150  "Ward 101.10 

505  Yellow  Jacket...  158@15j 

AFTERNOON  SESSION, 

825  Argenta 1.1501.10 

1200  Albion 15c 

750  Belle  Isle 40c 

310  Bodie 7? 

70  Bulwer 20; 

450  Bechtel h. 

1150  Booker 50055c 

670  Belvidere 1.6001.65 

1310  Black  Hawk. . ... .  -4i@4J 

50  Concordia .20c 

300  Champion 35c 

620  C  Pacific 2.70@23 

100  Chieftain 10c 

675  GUa ...,30c 

150  Grand  Prize 3J.03.4O 

550  Goodshaw 40045c 

140  Giant&OA 4: 

100  Golden  Terra i 

100  Hussey : 15c 

200  Hillside 2 

575  Hamburg -50c 

400  Highbridge 35©40c 

560  independence..  ..U01.55 

100  Ida 40c 

1050  Jupiter 50c 

570  Leopard -li 

20  Leeds 55c 

430  Manhattan 2402.40 

75  McClinton 1.20@1.30 

500  May  Belle --i-2/* 

70  Mono 

250  Martin  White... 
220  Northern  Belle.... 

100  Navajo 25c 

200  Noonday 2.85 

450  NNoonday. ...1.30@1.35 

50  Oriental 55c 

575  Paradise 1.3001.40 

50  Phenix 3 

50  Raymond  &  Ely 53. 

50  Red  Cloud 75c 

400  Richer 80©85c 

100  Revenue 15c 


.3.6503.50 


1220  L  Bryan 70c 

15  LadvWash 1 

100  Leviathan 45c 

170  Mexican 3lj@31 

65  MtView 4J 

205  New  York 60c 

420  Ophir 2450244 

130  Overman 9} 

150  Phil  Sheridan 5c 

80  SierraNevada 420413 

175  Savage 1O09J 

350  Succor 55c 

200  Silver  Hill 1.05 

45  Utah 133 

30  Union  Con ...580574 

910  Wells-Fargo 10c 

170  Ward 1.10@1.05 

165  Yellow  Jacket. .  ,15i015i 


640  Summit 2.301 

200  SBodie 

650  S  Standard 25c 

530  SBulwcr 85© 

90  TuBcarora 5c 

690  Tioga  Con 1.9002 

400  University 55060c 


550  S  Bulwer. 

300  Summit 2.1002.20 

50  Syndicate 2 

200  South  Standard 20o 

970  SBodie 40@45c 

510  Tioga  Con 1.70 

400  University 50o  J 


Pacific  Board— Latest  Sales. 


AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

1030  Arceota IJ@1.80 

400  Belle  Isle 40c 

140  Bulwet. 20 

560  Bechtel li@1.35 

330  Bodie 7i<»8 

600  Booker 60@65c 

700  Belvidere 13 

100  Caledonia  IB  H) 2.20 

200  Champion 20c 

165  CPaciflc 2}@2.45 

200  DeFreea 5c 

550  Day 45@50c 

300  Dudley 45c 

235  Eureka  Con 15i@16 

100  Huesey 20c 

1450  Highhridge 30c 

200  Hillside 2.10 

1080  Independence  ,2.30@2.40 

110  Jackson 7 

575  Jupiter 70@75c 

150  Leopard 11@1J 

100  Manhattan 23(^2.80 

425  McClinton 1J(91.10 

210  Mono 2.90 

25  May  Belle 25c 

50  Northern  Belle Si 

80  Navajo 15@20c 

450  NKoonday 1} 

150  Noonday 2}(S2.35 

100  Oriental 50c 

80  Paradise 1.40@1.45 

150  Ked  Cloud 75c 


Wed'sday  A.M..  Apr.  16. 

60  Alpha 194@19j 

110  Alta 4.95 

20  Best&Belcher 15j 

150  Belcher 5.80(S5l 

70  Bullion 51 

50  Caledonia 1.95 

270  Crown  Point 5.10(5)5 

625  California 5.95@5.90 

375  Con  Virginia 5i@5.40 

100  Chollar 6 

2780  Con  Imperial ll@lg 

220  Exchequer 5i@5A 

515  Gould  4  Curry... 8J@8. 15 

260  Hale  &  Nor llj@ll! 

220  Justice 3.90@3.85 

100  Julia 3.80 

130  Mexican 30|<o)30j 

300  New  York 60c 

255  Ophir 24j<a23i 

.100  Potosi 3.95 

150  Savage 10}@10J 

90  Silver  Hill 1.15 

40  Sierra  Nevada... 42i@42j 
20  Utah 15 


20  Union  Con 57| 

80  Yellow  Jacket... I58@15j 

A  FTERNOON  SESSION. 

100  Argenta IB  J 

30  Bechtel 1.40 

50  Black  Hawk 23  , 

80  Bullion 5 

10  Best&Belcher 1541 

70  Caledonia 1.90@1.85 

600  Con  Imperial.  ...1.30@1| 

310  Exchequer 5 .  tmH 

100  Flowery 70o  ] 

30  Could  &  Curry 8i 

30  Hale  4  Nor 11 

250  Julia 3.65 

50  Leopard 1*  j 

200  Manhattan .,2.90 

20  N  Bonanza H 

195  Ophir 23@23f 

10  Overman 9j  I 

100  Phil  Sheridan 5o 

20  Savage 9J 

100  Silver  Hill 1.15 

130  Ward 1.10@1.05 

20  Yellow  Jacket 15}  ■ 


California  Board —Latest  Sales. 


Wed'sday  A.M.,  Apr.  16 

600  -<£tna ^..7c 

30  Alpha _ 

40  Alta 505.10 

300  Atlanta 2c 

100  Bechtel 1.40 

30  Belcher 5~ 

20  Best  &  Belcher. . .  .16016: 

50  Bullion 5i05; 

30  Chollar 6, 

40  Con  Virginia 5g©5; 

20  Con  Imperial li. 

90  Crown  Point 505.05 

40  California 6 

90  Exchequer 5JJ051 

100  Fairfax ._..l 

50  Gould  &  Curry.... 

250  Glyun  Dale 

40  Hale&Nor....  12012.05 

50  Julia 3.9503.90 

40  Justice 3.85 

20  Mexican 303 

50  Ophir 24024J 

100  Phil  Sheridan 6c 

40  Savage 1OJ01OR 

40  Sierra  Nevada. . .  .43042* 
50  Scorpion 1.55 

110  Silver  Jacket 75c 

110  Silver  Hill 1.20 

40  Union 5905SJ 

3000  UFlag 4c 

60  Yellow  Jacket  ..15J015i 


AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

100  Almaden  Q le 

500  Alexander 4& 

300  jfttaa 7c 

4400  Atlanta lc 

50  Alpha 19i019g 

50  Alta 5@5.10 

150  Boston 2.02.10 

30  Belcher 

40  Beat  &  Belcher....  1 

30  Bullion 

30  California 

35  Con  Virginia L,_. 

200  Con  Imperial 1.45 

40  Crown  Point 505} 

2500  CosoCon 5@3o, 

40  Caledonia 1.90 

50  Exchequer 5i@5.20 

45  Gould  &  Curry 8} 

500  Globe 5c 

30  Hale&Nor 11S@11| 

30  Julia 3| 

30  Justice 3.90 

100  Kossuth 20o 

55  Mexican 3OJ03O1 

50  Ophir 240244 

40  Potosi 3.90 

40  Savage 101@104 

40  Sierra  Nevada... .430428 

100  SBodie 50o 

40  Union  Con 67 

100  Wales U 

20  Yellow  Jacket . . .  .15@15t 


A  cable  will  be  laid  in  the  course  of  a  few 
days  across  Saanich  Arm,  connecting  the  land 
wires  of  the  telegraph  line  now  being  completed 
between  Victoria,  B.  C,  and  Nanaimo.  The 
length  of  the  cable  will  be  about  two  mileB. 


April  19,  1879.1 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


253 


The  Tramp  Nuisance. 

The  legal  method  of  dealing  with  the  tramp 
nuisance  is  urged  by  many  of  our  readers  in 
different  parts  of  the  State,  and,  indeed,  there 
seems  no  other  way  to  free  the  community  from 
the  fear  and  depredations  of  this  race  of  out* 
laws.  They  will  not  work  ;  we  speak  of  the 
mass,  of  course  they  are  sometimes  honest 
work-seekers  on  foot.  The  only  way  the  com- 
munity can  forco  them  to  earn  their  own  living 
is  to  make  them  criminals  and  their  occupation 
an  offense  against  the  law.  This  method  has 
been  iu  practice  for  a  year  or  more  in  some 
8tat«s,  notably  in  New  Hampshire,  and  the  re- 
sult has  been  most  salutary.  Other  Eastern 
States  are  adoptiug  laws  to  protect  their  citizens 
from  the  tramp  tribute,  and  their  methods  of 
legislation  may  be  of  interest  to  those  who 
are  thinking  of  similar  movements  in  this  State. 
The  New  York  State  Legislature  has  lately 
adopted  an  act  which  declares  that  all  transient 
persons  who  rove  about  from  place  to  place, 
and  all  vagrants  living  without  labor  or  visible 
means  of  support,  who  stroll  over  the  country 
without  lawful  occasion,  shall  be  held  to  be 
tramps,  and  any  person  who  shall  be  dtemed 
to  be  a  tramp  shall  be  liable  to  punishment 
of  not  more  than  one  year's  confinement  at 
bard  labor.  Any  tramp  who  shall  enter  any 
dwelling  house  or  kindle  any  fire  in  the  high- 
way or  on  the  land  of  another  without  the  con- 
sent of  the  owner  or  occupant  thereof,  or  shall 
be  found  carrying  firearms  or  other  dangerous 
weapon,  or  shall  threaten  to  do  any  injury  to 
any  person,  or  to  the  real  or  personal  estate 
of  another,  shall  be  punished  by  imprisonment 
at  hard  labor  in  the  State  prison  for  not  more 
than  two  years.  Any  tramp  who  Bhall  willfully 
and  maliciously  do  any  injury  to  any  person  or 
to  the  real  or  personal  estate  of  another  and 
which  offense  is  not  now  by  law  punishable  by 
imprisonment  in  a  State  prison,  shall  be 
punished  by  impi  isonment  at  hard  labor 
in  the  State  prison  for  nut  more  than  five 
years.  Any  person  being  a  resident  of  the 
town  where  the  offense  is  committed  may 
apprehend  the  offender  and  take  him  before 
a  justice  of  the  peace  for  examination.  The 
act  does  nbt  apply  to  any  female  or  to  any 
minor  under  the  age  of  fourteen  years  or 
to  any  blind  person,  nor  to  any  person  roving 
within  the  limits  of  the  town  in  which  he 
resides. 

It  would  seem  that  some  better  method  of 
forcing  these  men  to  support  themselves  could 
be  found  than  the  above.  In  this  State,  for 
example,  the  expense  of  transporting  tramps 
half  the  length  of  the  State  and  supporting  them 
in  the  State's  prison  would  be  a  grievous  tax 
upon  the  people.  The  better  plan,  as  it  seems 
to  us,  would  be  to  arrange  some  plan  for  put- 
ting the  tramps  to  work  where  they  are,  and 
localize  the  system  in  each  county.  Thus,  for 
example,  the  tramps  might  be  marshalled  into 
gangs  under  suitable  guards  to  repair  the  roads 
they  do  so  much  to  wear  out.  Or  they  might 
be  farmed  out  to  execute  improvements  of 
different  kinds,  public  or  private.  We  do  not 
claim  to  know  what  would  be  the  best  way  to 
remedy  the  evil  by  enactment,  but  that  will 
doubtless  appear  if  people  will  give  thought  and 
discussion  to  the  Bubject. 

Mining  Share  Market 

As  usual,  of  late,  the  market  for  the  past 
week  has  been  neither  one  thing  nor  the  other. 
There  has  been  rise  and  fall,  but  both  of  so  slight 
a  nature  as  to  be  almost  ridiculous,  especially 
as  being  in  the  face  of  good  developments, 
which  at  other  times  would  create  a  strong  and 
buoyant  appreciation  in  the  market.  The  out- 
look can  hardly  as  yet  be  said  to  be  perfectly 
satisfactory,  but  the  increasing  activity  in  the 
boards,  and  the  slight  hardening  of  values  for 
favorite  shares  indicates  beyond  doubt  that  the 
orisis  has  been  passed,  and  a  better  condition  of 
things  inaugurated.  The  Comstocks  have  shown 
more  life,  Ophir  especially  rising  appreciably 
under  the  report  of  a  new  and  rich  strike.  The 
trading  in  Bodie  stocks  has  also  been  large, 
Bulwer  being  the  most  active  in  the  advance. 
No  real  increase  in  business  or  improvement  in 
Btocks  can  be  looked  for  till  the  agitation  at- 
tendant on  the  coming  Constitutional  election 
has  time  to  Bubside,  and  until  such  time  we 
shall  have  to  put  up  with  the  present  dullness 
and  patiently  await  the  end.  The  firmness 
which  characterized  the  early  part  of  the  week 
gave  way  gradually  toward  the  end  to  a  weak 
and  vacillating  close,  there  being  a  general 
depression  all  along  the  line. 

Bullion  Shipments. 

Since  our  last  issue,  we  have  noticed  the  fol- 
lowing bullion  shipments: 

Martin  White,  April  6th,  87,888.84;  Hillside, 
April  13th,  $4,820;  Martin  White,  April  9th, 
$5,110;  Paradise  Valley,  April  11th,  $2,740.19; 
Independence,  April  14th,  56,500;  Bechtel, 
April  13th,  $11,500;  Manhattan,  April  12th, 
311,500;  Alexander,  April  12th,  §8,307;  Cale- 
donia, April  9th,  §6,086;  Northern  Belle,  April 
9th,  $9,000;  Leeds,  April  8th,  $4,300;  Tiptop, 
April  8th,  $21,000;  Con.  Virginia,  Anril  7th, 
$24,536;  California,  April  8th,  $43,029;  Martin 
White,  April  9th,  $5,110;  Highbridge,  April 
15th,  $4,700. 


ining    Summary. 


The  following  U  mostly  condensed  from  Journals  pub- 
lished in  the  interior,  in  proximity  to  the  mines  mentioned. 


CALIFORNIA. 
AMADOR. 

M.uk>nky  -  Ledger,  April  IB;  A  new  shaft  ia  being 
sunk  for  working  just  outside  the  Mahoucy  boundaries, 
as  the  control  of  the  mine  in  still  •.  subject  of  litigation. 
By  the  time  the  shaft  is  sunk  the  lease  will  have  expired, 
and  the  mine  will  fall  Into  the  hands  of  a  majority  of  the 
BtockboldeA 

Mihckllankoih  — The  managers  of  the  big  tunnel  at 
Volcano  have  nupendeO  operations  for  a  time.       It  was 

falsely  repreMntoa  to  the  company  who  recently  pur- 
chased the  tunnel  property  that  a  large  area  of  laud  mfl 
Included  in  that  pmpcrty.  They  do  not  propose  to  pro- 
ceed uny  further  with  the  work  until  the\  and  out  the 
true  condition  ofsJEtira  The  Amador  Con.  mill  of  Sutter 
creek  is  crushing  rock  taken  from  the  old  dump  pile.  It 
has  paid  handsomely  so  far.  Some  of  it  has  yielded  as 
high  U  $7  per  ton.  The  last  clean  up  ol  the  Downs  mine, 
at  Volcano,  turned  out <S4  to  the  ton.  Tho  rock  carries 
very  line  gold,  and  requires  pulverizing  very  thoroughly, 
the  mill  averaging  about  a  ton  to  each  stamp  per  day.  At 
the  St.  Louis  mine,  on  Kennedy  Hat,  work  is  being  pushed 
ahead.  Samples  of  ore  taken  carelessly  from  the  dump 
showed  free  gold  plainly  visible  to  the  naked  eye.  The 
Keystone  and  Little  Amador  companies  paid  off  this  week, 
Mid  money  ia  now  plenty  in  town.  The  Pha-nix  mine 
stopped  working  recently— no  timbers.  The  mill  also 
came  to  a  standstill,  the  dump  pile  being  exhausted.  A 
big  drive  of  timbers  is  expected  down  soon,  Tho  mill  has 
resumed  work.  Water  in  the  Hercules  has  decreased  con- 
siderably. A  (Ino  ledge  is  uncovered  in  the  shaft,  and  the 
prospects  are  very  Mattering. 

MONO 

Tub  Bulwer.—  Standard,  April  11:  One  of  the  richest 
things  yet  struck  in  the  Bulwer  ground  is  now  being 
drifted  on  in  a  southerly  direction  on  the  200  level.  It 
is  over  two  ft  wide  in  the  face,  and  exceedingly  rich.  It 
is  a  part  of  the  Homestakc-Kalstou  series,  and  promises 
a  big  output  of  bullion  in  itself,  regardless  of  what  is  in 
sight  elsewhere.  About  60  ft  west  111  the  crosscut,  400 
level,  running  fer  the  Stonewall,  a  largo  lode— full  four 
ft  wide— of  superior  looking,  clean  quartz,  was  passed 
through.  Only  within  a  day  or  two  has  tho  drifting  been 
under  way,  but  the  outlook  of  the  ledge  is  already  more 
favorable  than  was  anticipated. 

Tins  Standard.— The  chairs  have  been  finally  got  in 
place  at  the  700  level,  so  that  the  safety  cage  can  be  reg- 
ularly employed  to  that  depth  in  the  new  shaft.  The 
crosscuts,  driven  by  the  air  compressor  and  patent  drills,1 
has  reached  20  odd  ft  both  east  and  west.  The  ground  to 
the  west  has  materially  softened.  The  winze  on  the  West 
Standard,  or  Bruce  ledge,  has  reached  a  depth  of  55  ft, 
and  has  18  inches  of  the  well-known  rich  ore.  The  main 
old  lode,  as  drifted  on  north  from  the  main  shaft  crosscut 
east,  is  looking  better  than  ever;  is  nearly  five  ft  thick  of 
high-grade  ore. 

Tint  Bklvidere.—TTio  winze  on  the  great  Western, 
started  for  tho  purpose  of  determining  the  extent  of  the 
rich  ore  body,  is  down  30  ft.  It  is  proposed  to  sink  50  ft, 
and  then  drift.  The  crosscut  pushing  weBt  by  tho  Bulwer 
company,  to  cut  the  Stonewall,  will  connect  with  the 
Belvidere  works;  the  Bulwer  tunnel,  of  course,  will  pass 
through  the  ground,  and  altogether  it  will  be  very  Boon 
quite  thoroughly  explored  to  a  depth  of  400  ft  vertical. 

Indian  District.—  Tho  parties  having  the  Neal  mine 
bonded  have  returned  all  the  papers  to  the  owners,  Messrs. 
McBrido  &  Neal,  and  the  latter  arc  free  to  act  as  they  may 
think  best.  It  is  likely  that  a  thorough  mill  test  of  the 
ore  will  be  made,  and  it  will  be  singular  indeed  if  the  re- 
sult does  not  prove  satisfactory.  At  the  scene  of  the  re- 
cent excitement,  Chidago,  prospecting  is  still  going  on. 
A  shaft  is  down  on  the  Chidago  about  15  ft  deep  on  the 
line  of  the  ledge,  where  the  same  rich  character  of  ore  is 
obtained.  Work  is  not  yet  advanced  far  enough  at  any 
point  to  finally  determine  the  extent  and  value  of  the  dis- 
covery. At  the  Sultan  Hill  camp  there  is  more  doing  than 
at  any  other  point  in  the  district,  outside  of  the  Tower 
mine.  The  Sultan  Hill  camp  is  about  one  and  one-half 
miles  in  a  direct  lino  south  of  the  Tower,  in  the  silver 
belt,  though  the  company  also  possess  claims  in  the  gold 
belt  above,  in  which  tho  Neal  is  located.  The  company 
have  six  or  eight  locations  on  the  silver  belt,  several  of 
which  are  self-evidently  very  valuable  properties,  notably 
the  Viceroy,  on  which  work  is  at  present  centered.  Capt. 
Prescott,  the  superintendent,  has  made  rapid  progress 
in  getting  things  started  on  a  permanent  basis.  It  is  the 
intention  to  push  down  a  prospecting  Bhaft  or  winze  on 
tho  line  of  the  Viceroy  ledge,  which  is  apparently  the  chief 
lode  of  the  belt,  and  of  great  size— 30  to  40  ft  in  width. 
More  or  leas  prospecting  work  will  he  done  on  tho  other 
claims,  but  the  Viceroy  alone  gives  promise  of  making  a 
silver  mine  of  sufficient  importance  to  satisfy  most  any 
single  incorporation.  Among  the  other  locations  are  the 
Madison,  Sultan,  Czar  and  Walla  Walla,  all  valuable— the 
latter  especially  possessing  all  outward  indications  of 
great  size  and  importance. 

Laurkl  Hill.—  Mono-Alpine  Chronicle,  April  12:  The 
mines  on  Mt.  Wasson  are  well  defined.  The  I  X  L,  Bul- 
lion, Milner,  and  two  other  locations,  are  on  one  lode. 
The  walls  are  hard  lime  slate,  raising  from  30  to  40  ft 
above  the  level  of  the  ground,  and  are  easily  traced  thus 
for  over  two  miles.  The  ledge  matter  between  the  walls 
is  150  ft  wide,  assaying  well  in  gold  and  silver.  The 
Baltic,  Whale  and  other  mines  on  the  same  mountain  are 
also  worthy  of  special  mention;  and  bo,  also,  are  the  Eu- 
reka, Eva.May,  Richmond,  Star,  and  many  others,  Buch 
as  tho  Mineral  Chief,  Mineral  King  and  Phonograph,  that 
assay  well,  and  await  nothing  but  stamps  to  turn  out 
bullion.  The  moat  of  the  ore  in  Laurel  Hill  district  will 
have  to  be  roasted,  but  as  there  is  plenty  of  wood  and 
water,  that  will  be  accompliahed  with  a  very  Bmall  outlay, 
ami  will  be  more  than  repaid  by  the  richer  yield  of  the 
ore.  The  country  rock  is  lime,  porphyry,  quartz  and  con- 
siderable iron.  The  ledges  are  very  large,  some  of  them, 
as  the  Emma,  Annie  and  Nelson,  etc.,  averaging  from  100 
to  200  ft  in  width.  The  ledges  uncovered  in  some  of  the 
canyons  have  bluffs  of  ore  raising  to  a  hight  of  400  or  500 
ft,  almost  perpendicular,  with  a  breadth  of  200  ft.  The 
ore  will  average  over  $30  per  ton,  across  tho  whole  bluff. 

NEVADA. 

Mining  Notes.—  Foothill  Tidings,  April  12:  The  Milton 
water  and  mining  company,  at  French  Corral,  in  this 
county,  yielded  §17,431  in  February  and  $43,321  in  March; 
a  total  of  $60,762  for  the  two  months.  It  is  probable  that 
dividends  will  be  resumed  this  month.  The  Derbec  and 
Pattison  quartz  ledge,  on  the  South  Yuba,  near  Washing- 
ton, ia  300  ft  wide,  and  assays  from  tho  croppinga  give 
from  §6  to  $40  per  ton.  Very  little  gold  is  now  being 
brought  into  Nevada  City,  owing  to  the  large  mining  com- 
panies putting  off  their  clean-ups  until -the  end  of  the  sea- 
son. Blue  gravel  has  been  found  on  Gold  flat,  near  Ne- 
vada City.  Mr.  Talbot  prospected  the  lead  some  200  ft, 
and  the  gravel  is  from  two  to  six  ft  deep  and  rich  in  gold. 
A  powder  blast,  consisting  of  250  cases  of  Judson  powder, 
was  exploded  in  the  American  on  last  Wednesday.  This 
blast  was  a  successful  one,  tearing  and  loosening  the 
ground  for  considerable  distance.  The  Merrifield 
("Soggs")  mine  is  running  in  full  blast.  Large  quantities 
of  fine  ore  are  being  hoisted,  and  the  prospects  continue 
to  grow  more  and  more  encouraging  as  each  new  develop- 
ment is  made.  A  blast  in  the  ledge  at  the  bottom  of  tho 
Seaddeu  Flat  incline  discloses  Borne  magnificent  rock, 
which  one  of  the  stockholders  describes  as  "almost  solid 
gold."  The  prospects  of  the  enterprise  are  constantly  im- 
proving, and  the  owners  feel  quite  jubilant  over  this 
latest  development.  The  pumping  machinery  on  the 
Knight  of  Malta  is  about  ready  to  Btart  up,  after  experi- 
encing much  delay  on  account  of  bad  weather.  In  order 
to  put  new  blockB  in  one  of  the  Manzanita  mine  flumes 
recently,  a  partial  clean-up  was  made,  and  it  came  up  to 
the  Superintendent's  expectations     " 


mine  has  been  suspended,  but  the  pumps  are  kept  going. 
Tho  stoppage  is  believed  to  be  but  temporary.  Tho  Ex- 
,  U  Smartsville,  has  declared  a 
dividend  amounting  to  211.000,  payable  on  the  20th  inst. 
Tlie  contractors  who  are  putting  down  the  new  Bhaft  at 
the  Washington  qu*rlz  mine  are  making  excellent  prog- 
ress, and  will  lOOD  OOmpletfl  their  contract. 

Giqantic  Laws.—  Transcript,  April  12:  The  Derbec 
and  I'sltUon  ledge  is  situated  on  the  South  Yuba  river, 
near  Washington,  in  a  direct  line  about  11  miles  north- 
east '.j/  thin  cfty.  The  fissure  is  no  less  than  300  ft  wide 
on  an  average,  and  ut  solid  ore  matter  the  entire  breadth. 
The  casings  of  this  monstrous  vein,  which  is  one  of  tho 
largest  on  the  coast,  are  of  serpentine  with  outer  strata 
nie  trap.  The  country  rock  is  ol  granite  forma- 
tion. Assays  of  ore  excavated  at  random  here  and  there 
from  tho  cropping*,  yielded  from  8u  to  $3u.7S  per  ton. 
It  is,  generally  speaking,  free  milling  quartz,  being  red 
ucb.ro  with  chromic  tela  and  not  accompanied  with  arsen- 
hi.-  blende  or  base  matter.  A  tunnel  1.600  ft 
in  length,  from  the  river,  would  give  at  least  1,600  ft 
back.  By  running  a  tunnel  000  ft  from  Brandy  creek,  it 
would  give  a  back  of  700  ft.  The  ledgu  has  been  located 
by  the  present  owners  for  the  distance  of  a  mile. 

Schmidt  Mink. — Herald,  April  12:  Men  are  at  work  at 
the  Bchmldt  mine  grading  and  excavating  preparatory  to 
putting  up  steam  hoisting  works.  The  now  incline  baa 
been  started,  and  is  at  present  bding  sunk  with  tile  aid 
of  a  windlass,  which  wiD  answer  every  purpose  till  the 
machinery  Is  put  up.  Messrs.  Shoccraft  A:  Bprague 
recently  purchased  this  mine  from  the  original  owners, 
and  it  is  their  intention  to  erect  hoisting  works  capable  of 
sinking  1,000  ft,  and  to  open  up  and  thoroughly  develop 
the  mine.  It  is  well  known  that  there  is  a  good  ledge 
there,  but  the  machinery  heretofore  used  in  pumping  and 
hoisting  was  not  powerful  enough  to  admit  of  the  deep 
working  of  tho  mine,  and  consequently  its  real  value  has 
never  been  ascertained.  The  old  inclines  wore  down  to 
the  depth  of  CO  and  120  ft,  respectively;  the  ledge  in  the 
latter  is  three  ft.  The  machinery  will  be  in  place  and  the 
mine  in  complete  running  order  in  about  two  months. 

Jottinos.  —  Transcript,  April  12:  The  Omega  Con.  hy- 
draulic mining  company  is  running  with  full  force.  They 
have  three  monitors  throwing  water  against  tho  bank, 
aud  are  making  good  progress  in  washing  off  tho  ground. 
The  claims  are  under  the  superintendence  of  Mr.  R.  C. 
Tully,  and  he  employs  white  men  exclusively.  There  are 
at  present  only  10  men  at  work  in  the  mine.  Some  pros- 
pecting is  being  done  in  that  vicinity,  but  it  requires  capi- 
tal to  operate  in  opening  up  tho  deep  channels  found. 
The  Arthur  mining  company  have  struck  tho  richest 
kind  of  ore,  and  considerable  of  it,  in  their  mine  in  Mount 
Rose  district.  The  Brunswick  mining  company,  who 
work  from  the  same  shaft  as  the  Thomas  company,  have 
been  embarrassed  financially  to  such  an  extent  as  to 
necessitate  temporarily  shutting  down.  The  Wyoming 
company  have  a  fine  ledge  which  varies  from  16  inches  to 
6  ft  in  thickness,  and  the  rock  pays  about  $17  per  ton  in 
free  gold,  while  the  sulphurets  go  from  $98  to  $103.  The 
machinery  U  run  by  water  power,  and  the  mine  can  bo 
worked  very  cheaply. 
PLACER. 

Brief  Notes.—  Herald,  April  12:  The  Central  cleaned 
up  between  $5,000  and  $0,000  for  19  days'  run.!  There  Is 
the  least  expense  attached  to  this  claim  of  any  claim  in 
this  district;  no  powder  being  require  to  break  up  the 
bank.  The  Southern  Cross  also  cleaned  up  last  week,  tho 
amount  not  ascertained,  but  it  was  very  successful.  Work 
has  been  resumed  on  the  old  Eellevue  mine,  near  Crater 
hill.  A  shaft  60  or  00  ft  In  depth  has  been  sunk,  and  a 
well-developed  ledge  was  Btruck  last  Tuesday.  Some  half 
a  dozen  meu  are  employed  there. 

SHASTA- 

Bio  Thing.— Independent,  April  11:  A  rich  ledge  has 
been  discovered  near  Slick  Rock,  about  three  and  a  half 
miles  from  the  Conway  location,  which,  from  all  accounts, 
beati  anvthing  yet  discovered.  The  ledge  Is  owned  by 
William  Murray,  E.  G.  Baker,  Fred  Ten  Eyck,  and  Mr. 
Vandevoer.  Mr.  Murray  saya  that  he  has  drawn  a  lino 
over  the  ledge  to  a  distance  of  1,000  It,  and  that  it  will 
average  three  ft  in  width,  die  rock  in  some  places  assay- 
ing as  high  as  $1,000  to  the  ton.  It  is  composed  of  rotten 
quartz  that  is  completely  speckled  with  gold. 

SIERRA 

Items.— Downieville  Messenger,  April  5:  The  Highland 
Mary  tunnel,  at  Waboo,  is  now  in  about  900  ft.  The  rock 
is  much  more  favorable  to  rapid  progress  than  It  has  been 
at  any  time  since  the  work  Btarted.  The  "boys"  at  Monto 
Cristo  are  busy  as  bees,  and  intend,  as  the  Grangers  say, 
to  "make  bay  while  the  Bun  shines,"  But  little  enow  is 
left,  and  the  trail  is  now  shoveled  out  clear  to  the  mine. 
There  was  a  cave  in  the  Dutch  company's  diggings,  Logan- 
ville,  last  week,  and  tho  monitor  was  buried  in  debris. 

TRINITY. 

Splendid  Clean-up.—  Journal,  April  12:  Deadwood 
district  gives  promise  of  being  one  of  the  richest  quartz 
sections  on  thlB  coast.  Last  week  a  01-ounce  clean-up  in 
the  Vermont  mine  paid  at  the  rate  of  over  $50  to  the  ton. 
This  week,  Frick  &  Davis  have  eclipsed  that,  as  they  show 
$4,900  from  43  tons  of  rock  crushed  in  an  araatra.  The 
Monte  Christo  and  other  mines  in  the  diBtrict  are  reported 
as  looking  splendidly. 


of  the  surface  workings  of  the  Waller  Defeat.  Prospecting 
there  is  still  continued.  Spots  of  very  rich  ore  are  en- 
countered In  places. 

Wabd.— Laying  the  track  and  repairing  the  drift,  800 
level,  was  completed  Sunday,  and  work  resumed  in  the 
face  at  noon  of  that  day.  Sinking  is  going  on  more  rap- 
idly since  the  water  which  had  soaked  into  the  ground  has 
draiued  out. 

Trojan.— Five  ft  per  day  have  been  added  to  the  north- 
east drift  from  the  3d  station,  the  face  being  133  ft  be- 
vond  upraise  No.  5.  The  west  drift  on  this  level  is  iu 
hard  porphyry.  The  north  drift  from  the  2d  etatton  Is 
advancing  rapidly  in  low  grade  ore. 

Hale  k  Noitcnuss  —  The  lightning  drift  to  tho  Chollar- 
Norcross-Savago  shaft,  2000  level,  aud  that  on  the  same 
level  connecting  with  the  Savage,  have  been  prepared  to 
receive  the  water.  The  water  is  still  kept  below  the  2000 
station. 

Dardanelles.— The  work  of  sinking  the  new  shaft  has 
been  retarded  by  the  character  of  the  rock  in  the  bottom, 
which  for  the  past  few  days  bos  been  very  hard  aud  diffi- 
cult to  work  owing  to  the  frequency  of  seams,  rendering 
close  timbering  accessary. 

North  Bonanza  and  I-lowery— No  work  has  been  done 
from  or  below  the  second  station  since  Sunday.  An  en- 
gine and  blower  aud  a  five-inch  Dean  pump,  capable  of 
Dandling  402  gallons  of  water  per  miuute,  are  being 
placed  in  the  station.  On  the  surface  the  pipes  are  all  iu 
and  the  steam  connections  made  with  the  new  engine. 

Silver  Hill.— Tho  main  incline  Is  still  being  coutlnued 
on  down,  aud  work  is  going  on  as  usual  in  the  east  drift, 
1100  level.  No  material  cbauge  of  formation  has  occurred 
at  cither  point. 

Savagb.—  Retimbering  tho  incline  below  the  1640  sta- 
tion, aud  pumping  sufficiently  to  keep  tho  water  below 
the  2000  level. 

Con.  Viroinia.— Average  yield  for  the  p.ist  week,  25S 
tons  daily.  Tho  joint  west  drift,  860  level,  is  averaging 
tlireo  ft  per  day.  The  joint  drift  to  tha  C  &  C  shaft,  1050 
level,  is  still  being  enlarged  aud  retimbered.  The  joint 
west  drift,  2150  level,  is  making  five  ft  per  day  in  favor- 
able working  ground. 

Union  Con.— Tho  joint  Mexican  winze  from  the  1600 
level  is  down  370  ft  on  the  slope,  in  promising  vein  mat- 
ter containing  some  water.  The  north  drift,  2000  level,  is 
averaging  live  ft  per  day,  and  is  now  122  ft  in  Union 
ground.     The  rock  is  getting  harder. 

Gould  k  Curry.—  The  bulkhead  on  tho  1900  level  is  be- 
ing constructed.  Four  ft  per  day  are  belug  added  to  the 
joint  east  drift,  1700  level.  The  Osblston  shaft  has  been 
drained  and  the  work  of  sinking  will  be  resumed  as  early 
as  Sunday.  The  drain  tunnel  is  making  about  eight  ft 
per  day. 

Lady  Bryan.— Sinking  is  still  going  on,  the  bottom  of 
the  shaft  being  130  ft  below  the  600  level.  The  drift 
north,  600  level,  is  in  porphyry.  Two  12-inch  plunger 
pumps  and  500  ft  of  column  are  being  procured  for  use  in 
the  mine. 

Crown  Point.— The  drift  north,  2500  level,  has  been  dis- 
continued for  thi  present.  A  crosscut  east  13  being  run 
Jointly  with  Belcher,  and  is  making  good  progress.  It  bas 
not  yet  reached  the  vein. 

Nortu  Con.  Virginia.— The  shaft  has  reached  the  1700 
level  of  the  Sierra  Nevada,  where  sinking  has  been  dis- 
continued till  the  repairs  necesBary  to  certain  portions 
above  aro  completed. 

Con.  Imperial —The  drift  north  on  the  2600  level  bas 
been  discontinued  till  the  south  drift,  same  level,  has 
reached  the  Yellow  Jacket  workings. 

Chollar-Norcrosb-Sayage  Shaft.— The  pumps  have 
not  been  run  during  tho  week.  The  water  haa  raised  so 
as  to  flow  through  tho  lightning  drift  to  the  Hale  &  Nor-, 
cross,  having  been  over  80  hours  in  raising  45  ft. 

Best  &  BBLcnea.— The  drain  tuunel  to  tho  Osblston 
shaft  iB  in  335  ft,  and  has  60  ft  yet  to  run  to  connect. 
Sinking  In  the  shaft  will  60011  bo  resumed. 

Julia  Con. — The  water  has  been  lowered  to  the  2000 
station.  Pumping  will  not  be  Btopped  by  the  work  of  cut- 
ting the  snb-drain  to  the  Sutro  tunnel.  The  work  of 
sinking  the  winze  from  tho  1800  level  is  slow;  owing  to 
the  intense  heat. 

Utah.— The  incline  ie  to-day  down  412  ft  on  the  slope 
below  the  1350  level,  and  is  being  continued.  The  parti- 
tion in  the  incline  haB  been  carried  to  the  bottom,  and 
gives  fine  ventilation  there. 

Overman.— The  O  &  C  shaft  is  down  575  ft  A  tank  bas 
been  put  in  at  the  550  level  and  the  water  all  caught  up 
there.  Steam  pumps  have  been  also  put  in  and  are  throw- 
ing tho  water  to  the  surface.  The  water  is-  being  rapidly 
exhausted. 

Mexican.— The  joint  upraise  above  the  2100  level  is  now 
up  80  ft.  The  joint  Union  upraise  from  the  2000  level 
to  meet  the  joint  winze  from  thp  1600  level  is  averaging 
three  ft  per  day  in  a  fine  vein  formation,  through  which 
gome  water  seeps. 

Homestead.— The  joint  drain  and  working  tunnel  of  the 
Homestead,  Golden  Standard,  and  Wheeler  mines  Is  mak- 
ing good  advancement.  Tho  tunuel  is  being  made  seven 
ft  in  width  and  eight  ft  in  hight. 

Sierra  Nevada.— The  incline  Is  making  slow  progreis 
on  account  of  the  water  flowing  in  at  different  points,  the 
amount  being  all  that  tho  pumps  can  handle. 


Work  in  the  Alaska 


NEVADA. 
WASHOE  DISTRICT. 

Bblcu.br.—  Gold  Hill  Newt,  April  16:  During  the 
present  week,  20  ft  will  be  added  to  the  depth  of  the  main 
incline,  and  less  than  90  ft  now  remain  to  bo  run,  on  the 
slope,  to  reach  the  2760  leveL  CroBacut  No.  1,  2500  level, 
opposite  tho  incline,  is  making  six  ft  per  day,  but  has  not 
yet  reached  through  the  casing  of  the  vein.  It  is  cutting 
some  quartz  and  clay,  as  well  as  porphyry,  and  is  in  a 
magniticent  formation.  Work  in  the  south  drift,  2560 
level,  has  been  resumed.  The  crosscut  on  the  south  line, 
2360  level,  is  making  five  ft  per  day,  and  is  in  90  ft,  yet 
has  not  reached  tho  vein. 

Ophiii.— The  maiu  incline  is  averaging  two  ft  additional 
depth  per  day  through  a  very  favorable  vein  formation. 
The  bottom  is  to-day  16  ft  below  the  2300  Btation  set.  It 
will  be  continued  for  a  sump  before  tho  station  ia  ex- 
cavated. Work  in  the  joint  Mexican  upraise  from  the 
2100  level  is  making  but  one  and  a  half  ft  per  day  owing 
to  the  extreme  hardness  of  the  porphyry. 

California.— The  joint  drift,  west,  on  the  850  level,  is 
in  30  ft  and  averaging  three  ft  per  day.  Connection  has 
been  made  between  the  joint  winze  from  the  1950  level 
and  the  upraiBc  irom  the  2150  level.  The  C.  &  C.  shaft  is 
10  ft  below  the  2350  level.  Average  daily  yield  of  ore  for 
the  past  week,  222  tons. 

Yellow  Jacket.— Tho  new  shaft  is  down  2407  ft  per- 
pendicularly. The  main  east  drift  on  the  2400  level  is  in 
126  ft,  and  is  cutting  quartz  and  porphyry  through  which 
some  water  ia  seeping. 

Bullion.— The  crosscut,  2150  level,  is  in  120ft  and  pen- 
etrating a  mixed  formation  of  clay,  porphyry  and  quartz. 
The  work  of  chambering  for  the  winze  engine  is  still  go- 
ing on. 

Sutro  Tunnel.— On  account  of  the  impossibility  of  get- 
ting the  debris  out  of  the  way  with  the  present  facilities 
a  portion  of  tho  men  employed  have  been  discharged. 
There  still  remain  600,  iu  three  shifts  of  200  each. 
The  work  of  cutting  out  the  sub-drain  ia  making  good 
progress.  , 

New  York.— The  incline  ia  completed  to  the  1200  level 
and  sheaves  are  being  put  in  at  the  station  at  tho  head  on 
the  1040  level. 

Mt.  Hood&  Vancouver.— Some  400  ft  of  water  accu- 
mulated in  the  shaft  during  repairs;  is  being  bailed  out 
preparatory  to  taking  up  work  on  the  1400  level. 

Alta.— The  rock  in  the  joint  Benton  incline  winze  is 
getting  harder,  still  the  1760  level  will  be  reached  next 
week. 

Exchequer.—  The  north  drift,  2400  level,  is  in  354ft  and 
is  averaging  four  ft  per  day  through  fine-looking  vein 
matter. 

Justice.  —  The  north  parallel  drift  between  crosscuts  4 
and  5  has  been  discontinued,  and  a  drift  haa  been  Btarted 
on  south  from  crosscut  No.  6,  which  ia  showing  Btreaks  of 
ore  as  it  goes  along.     Onlj  a  little  ore  is  being  taken  out 


BELMONT  DISTRICT. 

Belmont.— Courier,  April  6:  The  mine  preseats  a 
marked  improvement.  They  have  started  a  winze  from 
300  level  drift,  on  tho  pocket  of  ore  lately  spokon  of,  and 
are  now  20  ft  below  the  level  In  pay  ore  all  the  way.  It  Is 
a  continuation  of  the  Moore  &  Martin  chimney,  and  the 
chances  for  its  going  down  to  the  400  level  are  most  en- 
couraging at  the  present  writing.  In  the  Bouth  raiBe 
north  end  the  air  got  so  bad  that  they  had  to  quit  work 
and  commence  drifting  from  same  to  make  connection 
with  the  300  level  drift  which  will  take  from  30  to  40  days. 
The  300  level  drift  running  north  is  very  bard,  and  they 
are  making  slow  progress.  Drift  fiom  raise  on  same  level 
is  making  three  and  a  half  to  four  ft  per  24  hours.  The 
ore  extraction  for  the  next  four  weeks  will  be  light,  as 
some  openings  have  to  be  made  before  they  can  take  out 
the  ore  to  advantage.  Have  shipped  20  bars  bullion, 
value,  $9,073.28. 

Highbridge.— The  ore  bodies  continue  yielding  very 
rich  ore  for  reduction.  The  proapecting  drifts  show  no 
material  change.  Have  advanced  the  6th  level  35  ft  south 
and  44  ft  north.  The  7th  level  21  ft  in  hard  blasting 
ground,  making  100  ft  of  drifts  run  for  tho  week  ending 
this  date.  The  mill  resumed  crushing  Highbridge  ore  on 
the  1st. 

EUREKA  DISTRICT 

Secret  Canyon.— Sim tinel,  April  12:  The  Geddes  & 
Bertrand  mine  is  now  worked  under  a  lease,  "The  main 
shaft  is  down  320  ft.  Twenty  ft  above  this  point  a  level 
was  opened  and  the  drift  ia  in  200  ft.  The  formation  en- 
countered is  blue  quartz,  and  pocketB  of  rich  ore  are  fre- 
quently opennd  up  which  go  from  $600  to  $300  per  ton. 
On  the  75  level  the  drift  ia  in  50  ft,  and  a  winze  driven 
down  near  the  face  has  reached  a  depth  of  20  ft.  A  ship- 
ment of  22  tons  will  take  place  in  a  few  days  which,  it  is 
thought,  will  average  8250  to  tho  ton.  There  ia  some 
water  in  the  bottom  of  the  Bhaft,  and  every  Sunday  the 
hoisting  works  are  started  up  and  the  water  hoisted  to 
the  surface.  There  are  four  claims  in  the  Silver  Gate  Con. 
The  main  incline  has  reached  a  depth  of  120  ft,  with  a 
very  pretty  ledge  in  tho  bottom.  The  vein,  which  wa3 
followed  all  the  way  down,  at  the  widest  part  was  three 
ft  but  averages  two  ft  in  width.  There  are  30  tons  of 
flne*ore  on  the  dump,  assays  from  which  run  $165,  $245 
and  $967  per  ton.  The  ore  in  the  bottom  of  the  incline  is 
not  quite  so  high  grade  as  that  taken  out  at  a  lesB  depth, 
yet  at  the  time  of  our  visit  the  prospect  of  opening 
up  a  large  body  of  ore  was  very  favorable.  A  tunnel 
Bight'  was  located,  by  means  of  which  it  is  intended 
to  thoroughly  prospect  these  claims  at  a  great  depth. 
The  Hogdon  was  the  first  claim  located  in  Secret 
canyon,  aud  over  $30,000  was  taken  out  within  15  ft  of 
tho  surface.  There  are  three  shafts— one  23<>,  one  170  sna- 
the other  76  ft.  No  crosscuts  have  been  started  in  the 
230  shaft.    The  croppinga  are  high  up  and  fair  assays  have 


[Continued  on  Page  260,] 


254 


MINING    AND 


SCIENTIFIC 


PRESS. 


[April  19,  1879, 


The  Flounders  of  our  Markets.— No.  2, 


[Read  by  W.  N.  Lockinqton  before  the  San  Francisco 
Academy  of  Sciences,  March  17th,  1870.  ] 

Glyptocephalus  pacificus,  nov.  sp. — On  visiting 
the  market  on  the  13th  of  March,  I  found 
among  the  small  flat  fish  exposed  for  sale  two 
small  specimens,  which,  from  their  excessively 
elongated  form,  and  the  considerable  thickness 
of  the  body,  seemed  new  to  me. 

These  fish  were  between  eight  and  nine 
inches  long,  their  width  was  but  little  more 
than  a  fourth  of  their  length  {a  most  remarkable 
proportion  for  a  tlounder)  and  the  short  head 
was  less  than  the  greatest  depth;  the  mouth 
was  very  small,  the  lateral  line  quite  straight; 
the  scales  minute  and  quite  smooth;  and  the 
color  dark  blackish  gray,  with  the  tips  of  the 
fins  darker,  approaching  black. 

The  dorsal  fin,  as  might  be  expected  from  the 
proportions  of  the  fish,  was  exceedingly  elon- 
gated and  contained  many  more  rays  than  that 
of  any  other  of  our  flat-fish,  the  two  specimens 
having  respectively  102  and  104  rays.  The  anal 
fin  was  correspondingly  elongated  and  contained 
84  rays  in  one,  87  in  the  other. 

The  teeth,  twelve  in  number  in  the  lower, 
and  nine  or  ten  in  the  upper  jaw,  were  broad 
and  flat,  with  a  cutting  edge,  like  the  incisors 
of  a  mammal,  and  formed  a  close  row  along  the 
jaws  on  the  blind  side  and  in  front,  while  there 
were  none  upon  the  colored  side. 

On  inquiry  I  ascertained  that  a  much  larger 
individual,  14  inches  or  more  in  length,  had 
been  in  the  market  the  day  before. 

As  I  have  never  met  with  this  species  before, 
notwithstanding  my  frequent  visits  to  the 
market,  I  conclude  that  it  must  be  of  rare  oc- 
currence. Nothing  at  all  like  it  has  been  de- 
scribed from  this  coast  byGirard,  Ayres,  Gunt- 
her  or  Gill,  and  Prof.  Jordan  does  not  mention 
it  in  a  list  of  the  flounders  which  he  was  so  kind 
as  to  send  me. 

It  agrees,  however,  in  the  length  of  the  dor- 
sal, elongated  body,  smooth  scales,  and  straight 
lateral  line,  with  the  genus  Glyptocephalus,  and 
I  have  accordingly  prepared  a  technical  descrip- 
tion of  it  under  the  name  of  <?.  pacificus. 

Hypsopsetta  guttidatus ;  Parophrys  Ayresii, 
Gunther ;  Pleuroniehthys  guttulatus,  Girard. — 
This  fish,  the  "Turbot"  of  our  market,  is  one 
of  the  commonest  of  our  flounders,  but  is  usu- 
ally of  small  size.  Occasionally,  however,  in- 
dividuals are  taken  weighing  as  much  as  five 
pounds,  and  measuring  18  inches  in  length. 
The  color  alone  is  sufficient  to  distinguish  it 
from  every  species.  On  the  colored  side  it  is, 
when  quite  fresh,  of  a  dark  olive  green,  some- 
times blotched  with  irregular  whitish  spots.  By 
exposure  to  the  air  the  color  deepens  to  nearly 
black.  The  under  side  is  opaque  white,  like 
white  lead,  but  along  the  margin  of  the  head 
from  some  distance  above  the  eye,  and  continu- 
ing to  the  anus,  is  a  border  of  bright  gamboge 
yellow,  broadest  and  brightest  upon  the  snout 
and  lower  jaw.  Sometimes  the  whole  of  the 
under  surface  is  yellow.  It  is  a  very  broad 
species,  in  this  respect  rivalling  and  exceeding 
Platichthys  stellatus  (the  "Flounder");  the  width 
being  nearly  or  quite  half  of  the  breadth.  An- 
other characteristic  may  be  found  in  the  teeth, 
which,  instead  of  being  a  single  row,  form  sev- 
eral rows,  a  character  shared  only  by  one  other 
of  our  flat-fish,  Pleuroniehthys  coenosus,  which 
differs  widely  in  the  color,  as  well  as  in  having 
the  dorsal  .fin  continued  downwards  along  the 
blind  side  of  the  head,  and  in  the  very  much 
larger  eyes. 

In  several  specimens  the  rays  of  which  I 
counted,  I  found  the  number  to  agree  with  that 
given  by  Gunther,  viz. :  66  dorsal,  and  47  anal. 
An  individual  which  has  been  in  the  Museum 
a  long  time  has,  however,  72  dorsal,  54  anal 
rays,  rather  a  larger  variation  than  usual,  but 
as  I  can  detect  no  other  difference,  I  conclude 
they  are  the  same  species.  Girard  describes  a 
species  which  he  named  Pleuroniehthys  guttula- 
tus; the  number  of  the  fin  rays  of  dorsal  and 
anal  in  this  was  respectively  67  and  47;  and  the 
color  "grayish  or  lead,  sprinkled  all  over  with 
black  dots  and  white  spots."  After  this,  Dr. 
Gunther  received  several  specimens  which  he 
describes  as  Parophrys  Ay  resit,  placing  it  in  a 
different  genus  from  Girard's  species.  Now 
Girard's  guttulatus  came  from  Tomales  bay,  and 
certainly  ought  therefore  to  be  found  in  our 
markets.  The  fact  that  I  did  not  meet  with  it 
led  me  to  examine  and  compare  the  descriptions 
of  these  two  authors,  and  my  conclusion  is  that 
Girard's  guttulatus  and  Gunther's  Ayresii  are 
the  same  species.  In  this  case,  the  older  spe- 
cific name,  guttulatus,  will  of  course  take  pre- 
cedence. 

Pleuroniehthys  coenosus,  Girard. — This  is  a 
very  rare  species,  and  evidently  inhabits  deep 
water,  since  the  eyes  of  those  I  have  seen  pro- 
trude from  their  sockets,  through  the  sudden 
change  from  the  pressure  at  the  depths  where 
they  resided  to  that  of  the  surface. 

There  are  three  characters  about  it  which 
render  it  impossible  to  confound  it  with  any 
other  species;  the  very  large  eyes,  which  equal 
or  exceed  in  diameter  one-third  of  the  length  of 
the  head,  from  the  tip  of  the  snout  to  that  of 
the  gill-covers;  the  very  short,  snub  suout, 
scarcely  projecting  beyond  the  protruding  eye; 
and  the  singular  course  of  the  dorsal  fiu,  the 
front  part  of  which,  instead  of  ending  upon  the 
dorsal  ridge  somewhere  over  the  eyes,  as  in 
other  species,  curves  over  at  that  point  to  the 
blind  side  of  the  fish,  and  continues  downwards 
along  that  side  till  it  reaches  a  point  level  with, 
and  not  far  from,  the  end  of  the  maxillary  or 
upper  jaw.  About  eight  rays  are  thus  twisted 
over  to  the  left  side.     The  color  also,  a  uniform  ! 


teeth,  like  those  of  the  last  species,  {H.  guttula- 
tus) are  in  several  rows,  and  in  the  form  of  the 
body  and  fins  the  two  kinds  are  also  much 
alike. 

Girard's  original  description  was  drawn  from 
a  single  specimen,  the  only  one  he  had  seen, 
and  as  yet  I  have  only  met  with  two  individ- 
uals.    It  is  taken  near  the  Farallones. 

Parophrys  vetula,  Girard. — It  is  difficult, 
without  thorough  examination,  to  distinguish 
this  species  from  its  congener,  P.  digrammus; 
but  from  all  our  other  Plezirenectido?  it  can  be 
known  by  its  elongated  head,  with  the  upper 
eye  placed  upon  the  dorsal  ridge,  so  as  to  look 
obliquely  upward  as  well  as  laterally;  by  its 
elongated  rhomboidal  form,  the  outline  of  the 
posterior  portion  of  the  body  being  nearly 
straight;  and  by  the  development  of  the  teeth 
upon  the  blind  side,  where  they  form  a  single 
row.  In  color  it  is  usually  of  a  uniform 
reddish  ash,  but  some  of  the  younger  indi- 
viduals are  irregularly  spotted  with  darker 
blotches.  On  the  blind  side  it  is  of  a  creamy 
white.  The  number  of  rays  in  the  dorsal  and 
anal  fins  is  not  constant.  In  the  species  of 
Parophrys  the  upper  eye  is  so  close  to  the  dor- 
sal ridge  that  it  looks  obliquely  upwards.  So 
far  as  I  have  been  able  to  ascertain,  this 
species,  together  with  P.  digrammus,  is  not 
taken  within  the  Bay  of  San  Francisco.  As  the 
fishermen  have  not  thought  proper  to  give  any 
specific  English  name  to  this  species,  I  propose 
to  call  it  the  Long  Flounder.  The  form  which, 
from  its  near  correspondence  with  the  Pleuro- 
neetes  digrammus  of  Gunther,  I  suppose  to  be 
that  species,  is  chiefly  distinguished  by  its 
shorter  head,  narrower  snout,  and  the  smaller 
number  of  rays  in  the  dorsal  and  anal  fins.  The 
number  of  dorsal  rays  which  I  have  found  in 
specimens  which  I  refer  to,  digrammus,  varies 
from  74  to  77;  that  of  the  anal  from  54  to  60. 
Gunther  gives  the  dorsal  79;  the  anal  60.  In 
the  specimen  I  refer  to,  vetula,  I  find  86  dorsal 
rays,  and  from  64  to  68  anal  rays;  the  number 
of  dorsal  and  the  smaller  number  of  anal  rays 
agreeing  with  those  given  by  Girard.  As,  how- 
ever. I  counted  an  intermediate  number,  81,  in 
the  dorsal  fin  of  another  specimen,  I  am  not 
quite  sure  whether  the  species  are  distinct,  or 
whether  it  is  one  very  variable  species. 

Lepidopsetta  bilineata,  Jordan;  Platessa  bili- 
neata, Ayres. — The  first  description  of  this  fish 
will  be  found  in  the  "Proceedings  of  the  Cali- 
fornia Academy  of  Sciences,"  Vol.  1.  It  is  one 
of  the  numerous  forms  described  by  Dr.  Ayres, 
and  has  always  been  one  of  the  rarest  and  least 
known  of  our  fishes,  very  little  having  been 
added  to  our  knowledge  of  it  since  Ayres  wrote. 
It  may  be  readily  known  from  every  other  kind 
found  here  by  the  following  characters:  Many 
of  the  scales  upon  the  body  are  ctenoid,  that  is, 
set  upon  their  hinder  edges  with  spinules;  those 
on  the  cheeks  are  tubercular  or  roughened  with 
bluntish  points  upon  a  large  part  of  their  sur- 
face; the  form  is  regularly  oval,  the  width  of 
the  body  almost  equal  to  half  of  the  total 
length;  and  the  color  is  a  quite  light  yellow, 
with  irregular  white  spots.  This  last  character, 
with  the  very  rough  cheeks  and  large,  rough 
scales,  serves  to  infallibly  identify  the  species. 
As  in  so  many  other  of  the  more  nearly  related 
flat-tisties,  the  teeth,  whidh  are  in  a  single  row, 
are  not  equally  developed  on  the  two  sides  of 
the  jaws,  but  are  principally  upon  the  blind 
side.  The  eyes  are  large,  forming  two-sevenths 
or  the  length  of  the  head.  This  species  is  only 
occasionally  brought  to  the  markets,  where, 
with  two  species  previously  mentioned,  it  bears 
the  name  of  "sole."  Those  brought  are  usually 
of  tolerably  large  size,  from  14  to  15  inches 
long;  and  are  caught  at  or  near  the  Farallone 
islands,  though  probably  not  in  such  deep  water 
as  Pleurounhthys  coenosus,  since  the  eyes  do  not 
protrude,  as  is  usually  the  case  with  the  eyes  of 
fishes  suddenly  brought  up  from  deep  water. 

Lepidopsetta  umbrosa;  Pleuronectes  umbro- 
sus,  Girard. — This  species,  notwithstanding  its 
very  rough  covering  of  highly  ctenoid  or  comb- 
like scales,  is  by  the  dealers  confounded  with 
the  two  species  of  Hippoglossoides  under  the 
common  name  of  "sole."  In  reality  it  is  most 
nearly  related  to  the  Mottled  Sole  from  the  Faral- 
lone islands  (L.  bilineata),  sharing  with  it  the 
characters  of  rough  scales  and  lateral  line  con- 
siderably arched  above  the  pectoral  fin.  From 
that  species  it  may  be  very  readily  dis- 
tinguished by  its  color,  which  is  of  a  dark, 
uniform,  slaty  brown;  and  from  all  other 
species  by  the  combination  of  the  two  charac- 
ters first  mentioned,  together  with  its  regularly 
ovate  form  and  small,  quite  laterally-placed, 
eyes.  It  does  not  appear  to  be  very  common, 
as  I  rarely  find  above  two  or  three  specimens 
among  a  miscellaneous  heap  of  flat  fishes.  Those 
I  have  yet  seen  have  not  exceeded  10  or  11 
inches  in  length. 

Platichthys  stellatus,  Gunther;  Platichthys 
tugosus,  Girard. — This  species,  commonly  called 
Flounder,  is  by  far  the  most  abundant  of  the 
kinds  brought  to  our  market,  and  attains  a 
larger  size  than  any  other  except  the  Bastard 
Halibut  {Urojjsetta  Oali/o?-nica).  The  eyes  and 
color,  are  sometimes  on  the  right  side,  some- 
times on  the  left,  while  in  all  our  other  species 
they  are  always  on  the  same  side.  It  may  be 
easily  known  by  its  short,  broad  form,  the 
width  exceeding  somewhat  the  half  of  the 
length  (excluding  the  caudal  fin);  by  the  pres- 
ence, instead  of  scales,  of  scattered,  rough,  stel- 
lated tubercles;  and  by  the  black  bands  upon 
dorsal,  anal,  and  caudal  fins;  four  upon  the 
first,  three  upon  the  second,  and  three  upon  the 
last,  all  of  them  running  in  the  direction  of  the 
rays. 
This  species  is  of  wide  distribution,  occurring 


extending  by  Behring's  Btraits,  Alaska,  and 
British  Columbia  southward  to  San  Francisco. 
How  far  it  may  occur  to  the  south  of  the  latter 
point  does  not  appear  to  be  known  with  cer- 
tainty, but  as  it  is  evidently  a  northern  form, 
it  is  probable  that  its  southern  limit  will  be 
found  near  Monterey,  at  which  point  there  is  a 
mingling  of  northern  and  southern  forms,  result- 
ing in  an  extremely  rich  local  marine  fauna; 
rich  not  only  in  species  of  fishes,  but  in  mol- 
lucca,  echinoderms,  and  coelenterates. 

The  flounder  occurs  within  the  Bay  of  San 
Francisco,  and  is  brought  to  market  not  only 
from  thence,  but  from  various  points  outside 
the  heads;  some  are  even  sent  from  Humboldt 
bay,  but  it  is  said  that  these  are  far  coarser 
than  those  obtained  elsewhere,  with  compara- 
tively less  meat,  and  fetch  a  much  lower  price 
in  the  market.  Those  taken  here  attain  a 
weight  of  8,  10,  or  even  12  pounds,  but  those 
sent  from  Humboldt  bay  are  much  heavier. 
[Concluded.] 

Railroad  Prospects. 

Dr.  I>.  S.  Baker,  of  Walla  Walla,  intends 
pushing  his  railroad  eastward  toward  the  Blue 
mountains  the  present  season,  with  a  view  of 
crossing  the  mountains  into  Grand  Ronde  val- 
ley. The  short  railroad  already  built  between 
Walla  Walla  and  the  Columbia  river  has  proved 
a  grand  success,  and  has  so  completely  demon- 
strated the  necessity  and  utility  of  a  railroad  to 
connect  the  farming  country  with  the  river  that 
the  extension  eastward  of  this  line  is  awaited 
with  much  anxiety.  Once  completed  across  the 
mountains  to  La  Grande,  an  immense  local  trade 
would  spring  up,  which  would  soon  repay  the 
expense  of  building  the  road.  Apart  from  all 
other  business,  that  of  transporting  lumber  and 
timber  from  the  Blue  mountains  for  building, 
fencing,  fuel  and  other  purposes  would  of  it- 
self be  a  very  important  element  of  trade.  The 
only  serious  engineering  difficulties  would  be 
encountered  in  crossing  the  mountains,  and 
these  have  been  fully  ascertained  by  accurate 
surveys  and  careful  estimates,  and  are  known 
not  to  be  at  all  formidable.  Once  in  the  Grand 
Ronde  valley,  the  road  would  be  pushed  east- 
ward in  this  direction,  aud  would  not  stop  until 
it  was  met  by  the  Utah  Northern,  or  some  other 
road  advancing  from  the  east. 

The  people  of  Pendleton  are  urging  the  com- 
pletion of  a  railroad  east  from  Umatilla  through 
that  place.  This  enterprise  is  thought  to  be  in 
the  hands  of  the  O.  S.  N.  Company,  which  is 
interested  in  making  the  country  to  be  traversed 
tributary  to  their  river  trade. 

It  may  be  that  upon  reaching  the  Blue  momx 
tains  a  combination  will  be  effected  between  the 
O.  S.  N.  Company  and  Dr.  Baker.  This  would 
insure  the  more  rapid  advance  of  the  road  east- 
ward, and  bring  it  within  easy  reach  of  Boise 
City  in  a  short  time. 

The  project  of  building  a  railroad  from  Walla 
Walla  to  Seattle  on  Puget  sound,  though  long 
discussed  and  deferred,  has  been  by  no  means 
given  up.  It  is  believed  by  many  that  a  road 
connecting  the  Columbia  basin  directly  with  the 
Sound,  would  be  best  for  all  interested. 

The  future  of  the  North  Pacific  railroad,  so 
far  as  the  Pacific  end  is  concerned,  is  at  present 
involved  in  much  doubt  and  uncertainty.  It  is 
said  that  the  company  intend  building  eastward 
from  the  mouth  of  Snake  river  this  season ; 
but  it  is  not  likely  that  they  will  do  more,  until 
compelled  to,  than  to  keep  up  appearances  until 
they  can  get  an  extension  of  time  for  their 
charter;  and  even  after  that  is  secured  they  will 
only  build  down  the  Columbia  as  faBt  as  the 
conditions  which  may  be  imposed  shall  compel 
them. — Idaho  Statesman. 


Arizona  Catacombs. 

The  Phoenix  Herald  gives  the  following  de- 
scription of  recent  discoveries  of  Arizona  cata- 
combs by  an  exploring  party,  which  will  be  read 
with  interest: 

The  discovery  was  made  about  one  mile  east 
of  Mountain  Springs  station,  in  the  southeastern 
part  of  the  Territory.  The  cave  waB  found  to 
have  an  arched  entrance,  about  three  feet  wide 
and  four  feet  high.  Two  of  the  explorers  took 
the  lead  with  candles  placed  in  a  small  board 
and  this  fastened  to  a  long  pole,  which  was  car- 
ried so  that  the  light  was  cast  far  ahead  of 
them,  and  danger  from  pits  or  other  obstacles 
thus  avoided. 

After  proceeding  about  100  feet  down  an  in- 
cline, they  came  to  the  two  main  branches  of 
the  cave.  Taking  the  one  to  the  right  and  leav- 
ing candles  at  various  points  by  which  to  find 
their  way  back,  there  being  innumerable  cham- 
bers branching  out  in  all  directions,  they  con- 
tinued their  way  through  a  chamber,  the  walls 
of  which,  though  presenting  the  appearance  of 
stalactic  formation,  were  black  and  dingy, 
which  was  accounted  for  by  the  finding  of  ashes 
and  other  indications  of  fire,  evidently  very  old. 
Here,  no  doubt,  was  one  of  the  hauntB  and  rest- 
ing places  of  the  Apaches.  Bones  of  all  kinds 
of  animals  lay  scattered  around,  no  less  than 
200  deer  antlers  being  seen,  and  other  evidencea 
of  life- destruction  and  feasting.  Animals  rJay 
have  done  the  work,  but  if  so  they  must  have 
had  great  strength  to  carry  their  prey  to  such  a 
distance. 

Into  this  cavern  they  groped  their  way  for  a 
distance  of  500  feet  and.  found  no  end.  In  some 
places  the  cave  was  so  small  they  would  have  to 
creep  through,  and  then  suddenly  would  find 
themselveB  in  a  large  room,  full  of  gloomy  gran- 
deur, still  as  death  and  as  full  of  mystery. 
Their  candles  giving  out  at  a  point  about  500 
feet  from  the  entrance,  they  returned  to  the 
light  of  day  for  refreshments  and  more  candlea. 
Upon  re-entering,  they  explored  the  passage 
to  the  left.  The  entrance  to  this  branch  is 
about  three  feet  high,  but  narrow  and  irregular 
for  300  feet;  but  passing  through  the  aperture, 
the  party  found  themselves  in  a  large  chamber 
with  a  beautifully  draped  stalactite  ceiling, 
fully  75  feet  above  the  floor.  Here  was  glitter- 
ing grandeur,  with  a  thousand  varied  beauties 
and  fantastic  figures.  This  point  is  about  150 
feet  lower  than  the  entrance.  From  this  cham- 
ber the  cave,  or  caves,  bore  upward.  There 
were  three  distinct  passages,  one  above  the 
other,  and  the  explorers  taking  the  upper  one, 
went  on  and  up  for  a  distance  of  about  5,000 
feet,  until,  as  they  believed,  they  were  approach- 
ing a  top  entrance,  the  purity  of  the  air  in  this 
hall  leading  them  to  the  conclusion  that  there 
was  an  exit  above.  Here  again  their  candles 
gave  out  and  they  were  compelled  to  return, 
only  to  behold  more  and  varied  wonders,  caves 
leading  in  every  direction.  Here  and  there  was  a 
small  hole  in  the  wall,  into  which  the  curiosity- 
seekers  would  thrust  their  torches,  only  to  be- 
hold immense  chambers  and  shaftB  without  bot- 
toms. Every  now  and  then  the  ring  of  the 
passageway  from  their  feet  warned  them  that 
the  floor  upon  which  they  stood  was  the  roof  or 
covering  of  another  subterranean  cave  or  pitfall. 
For  five  hours  they  penetrated  into  the  dark 
recesses  of  these  wonderful  passages,  chambers 
and  complex  catacombs,  only  to  arrive  at  the 
conclusion  that  to  explore  the  great  natural 
wonders  before  them  would  take  days  and  per- 
haps months. 

A  Word  of  Caution. 


warm  reddish  brown,  ie  very  distinctive.     The  1  along  the  coast  of  Kamtschatka,  and  from  thence 


James'  Single-Track  Railway. — Mr.  D.  B. 
James  is  constructing  a  car  to  run  on  the  single- 
track  railway  in  his  hall,  near  the  Delta  office. 
The  car  is  eight  feet  long — one-third  the  length 
of  a  full  sized  one  of  this  kind.  This  car  ie  a 
good  deal  larger  than  the  one  he  made  two  or 
three  years  ago,  and  ia  large  enough  to  prove 
that  it  can  be  successfully  worked  when  put  in 
actual  use.  It  is  not  quite  completed,  but  will 
hold  seven  or  eight  persons  standing  up,  and 
runs  from  one  side  of  the  hall  to  the  other  with 
the  greatest  of  ease.  Mr.  James  has  spent  a 
number  of  years  in  perfecting  his  invention,  and 
has  succeeded  in  overcoming  all  obstacles  that 
presented  themselves,  and  there  is  not  the  least 
doubt  that  his  single-track  railway  will  work 
well  in  places  for  which  it  is  adapted.  The 
front  wheel  is  so  regulated  that  the  car  will 
make  a  curve  as  easily  as  a  wagon,  and  the  hang> 
ing  platform  on  which  the  passengers  are 
placed  will  prevent  the  car  from  being  too 
heavily  loaded  on  one  side.  A  good  locomotive 
it  is  estimated  can  be  built  for  $1,500,  and  one 
for  a  test  for  §400.  This  is  the  cheapest  rail- 
road yet  invented,  and  we  see  no  reason  why  it 
could  not  be  made  to  operate  successfully;  and 
it  is  our  opinion  that  sooner  or  later  this  road 
will  be  as  common  for  short  lines  as  the  narrow 
gauge  double-track  road. —  Visalia  Delta.  [Mr. 
James  secured  his  patent  through  Dewey  &  Co., 
and  his  one-track  system  was  illustrated  and 
described  in  the  Press  some  months  ago.] 


Honors  to  an  American  Savant. — At  the 
annual  general  meeting  of  the  Royal  Astronom- 
ical Society,  held  on  Friday,  February  14th, 
the  President,  Lord  Lindsay,  formally  an- 
nounced the  presentation  of  the  gold  medal  of 
the  Society  to  Prof.  Asaph  Hall,  of  Washington. 
D.  C. ,  "  for  his  discovery  and  observations  of 
the  satellites  of  Mars. " 


The  reliable  mining  journals  of  the  country 
are  beginning  to  find  out  that  it  is  necessary  to 
give  the  people  of  the  East  caution  respecting 
the  purchase  of  wild-cat  or  valueless  mining 
property  in  the  West.  There  is  an  awakening 
interest  in  the  East  in  mining  west  of  the  Rocky 
■mountains,  and  it  is  important  that  that  interest 
should  be  judiciously  directed  and  encouraged. 
Hundreds  of  impecunious  -and  unreliable  adven- 
turers have  visited  the  wealthy  cities  of  the 
Eastern  States,  and  sold,  from  time  to  time, 
utterly  worthless  property.  The  people  who 
have  bought  the  same  are  themselves  responsi- 
ble to  a  great  extent  for  the  injury  done.  They 
were  not  justified  in  investing  their  money 
without  first  examining  the  property  purchased. 
But  while  many  bad  claims  have  been  put  on 
the  market,  much'  valuable  property  has  been 
disposed  of,  and  many  people  have  gained 
wealth  by  investing  in  mining. 

The  gold  and  silver  mines  west  of  the  Mis- 
souri river  yield  over  $100,000,000  annually, 
and  profitable  purchases  can,  with  care,  be 
made  almost  at  any  time,  but  caution  must  be 
exercised  and  the  door  closed  against  unprin- 
cipled adventurers.  It  is  generally  conceded 
that  there  never  was  a  better  time  for  engaging 
in  legitimate  mining  on  the  Pacific  coast,  than 
the  present,  but  discrimination  iu  the  properties 
offered  for  sale  must  be  made.  Because  one 
mine  pays  dividends  under  a  wise  and  judicious 
management,  it  does  not  follow  that  all  mines 
will  pay.  Good  mines  will  pay  better  than  any 
other  class  of  property.  Colossal  fortunes  are 
often  accumulated  in  a  very  few  years  by  the 
mere  luck  of  discovery. — Silver  Reef  Miner. 

According  to  the  statement  of  the  Atchison, 
Topeka  &  Santa  Fe  Railroad  Co.,  filed  lately, 
that  corporation  owns  245.26  miles  of  railroad 
within  the  Colorado,  of  the  average  value  of 
$3,500  per  mile,  or  in  all  worth  $858,410. 


April  19,  1879.1 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


255 


Comparative  Rainfall. 

[Written  for  the  Press  by  Jakes  Ui.aki,  M.  D.) 
The  statistics  we  possess  of  the  rainfall  in 
different  parts  of  the  State  for  a  number  of  yean 
are  valuable  as  showing  one  of  the  most  im- 
portant elements  of  climate  in  the  location  to 
which  they  refer.  There  is,  however,  one  point 
of  view  from  which  the  large  mxua  of  figures  we 
have  accumulated  on  the  subject  has  not  been 
investigated,  but  which  1  think  is  likely  to  lead 
to  interesting  generalizations  in  connection  with 
scieutitic  meteorology.  I  allude  to  the  quantity 
of  rain  that  falls  at  any  one  place  in  different 
Masons,  as  compared  with  the  rainfall  at  other 
places  during  the  same  season.  This  relative 
rainfall  varies  very  much  in  different  seasons, 
as  will  be  evident  from  the  accompanying  table, 
which  shows  the  rainfall  at  live  places  Tor  the 
last  six  seasons,  the  rainfall  at  San  Francisco 
each  season  being  taken  as  the  unit.  The  sta- 
tions selected  for  comparison  are  San  Francisco, 
Colfax,  and  Emigrant  Gap,  on  the  western 
slope  of  the  Siena;  the  former  4,231  feet  and 
the  latter  5,270  feet  above  the  aea;  Truckee,  on 
the  eastern  slope  of  tjie  Sierra,  at  an  elevation 
of  5,600  feet;  Calistoga,  and  my  residence  in 
the  Coast  range;  the  former  4Q0  feet  and  the 
latter  2,100  feet  above  the  sea: 


Years. 

CO 

6 

f! 

t 

M 

1 

& 
9 

I 
O 

0 
M 

a 

3 

18.02 
S3. 03 
13.10 
28.01 
0.00 
32.15 
1 

1.60 
2.00 
2.00 
3.40 
S.10 
1.36 
1.04 

2.04 
3.00 
2.33 
2.57 
2.10 
1.70 

1.21 

1.23 
1.17 
1.1)0 
2.00 

"i!i7 
1.44 

1.50 

2.00 
1.B0 

1876-70 

1870-77 

A  simple  inspection  of  the  table  shows  how 
different  is  the  relative  quantity  of  rain  that 
falls  at  the  same  place  in  different  years.  In 
the  column  for  San  Francisco  I  have  put  the 
quantity  of  rain  for  each  season,  and  which 
serves  as  the  unit  of  comparison.  We  see  that 
whilst  in  the  winter  1S73-74  three  times  as 
much  rain  fell  at  Emigrant  Gap  as  at  San  Fran- 
cisco, last  winter  only  1.7  inches  fell  at  Emi- 
grant Gap  to  1  inch  at  San  Francisco.  All  the 
stations  have  a  larger  average  rainfall  than  San 
Francisco,  but  the  relative  difference  was  the 
least  in  almost  every  instance  during  the  exces- 
sive rainy  season  of  1877-78,  and  above  the 
average  difference  in  the  season  of  1876-77, 
when  the  rainfall  was  least.  This  was  most 
marked  at  the  station  on  the  eastern  slope  of 
the  Sierra,  The  average  rainfall  at  Truckee,  as 
compared  with  San  Francisco,  is  as  1.35  to  1; 
but  during  our  wettest  season  it  was  only  as  0.75 
to  1,  whilst  during  the  dry  winter  of  the  pre- 
ceding year  it  was  as  2  to  1.  Should  a  more  ex- 
tended series  of  observations  show  that  there  is 
an  inverse  proportion  in  the  rainfall  on  the  two 
slopes  of  the  Sierra,  this  in  itself  will  be  an 
interesting  fact.  I  regret  that  I  have  not  been 
able  to  bring  the  subject  before  the  academy  in 
a  more  complete  shape.  These  few  remarks 
have  been  made  principally  to  point  out  one 
direction  in  which  the  data  we  possess  on  the 
rainfall  can  be  utilized,  and  I  trust  that  some 
person  with  more  leisure  than  I  can  command, 
will  work  up  the  subject.  In  preparing  this 
paper,  and  others  which  I  hope  to  present  to 
the  academy,  I  have  availed  myself  of  the  data 
collected  by  the  railroad  company,  which  have 
been  obligingly  placed  at  my  disposal.  They 
contain  a  great  deal  of  most  important  matter 
for  the  elucidation  of  the  meteorology  of  the 
State. 

*I  have  shown  the  rainfall  at  my  residence  on  the  St. 
Helena  mountain  for  1877-7S  (the  only  year  aTailable)  a3 
an  example  of  the  large  quantity  of  rain  that  falls  there, 
and  that,  too,  in  a  season  in  which  almost  every  other 
locality  shows  the  least  relative  fall.  Twice  as  much  rain 
fell  there  as  at  Colfax,  a  station  on  the  Sierra,  300  feet 
higher. 


A  New  Test  for  Flour.— A  correspondent 
of  the  Northwestern  Miller  says:  "In  regard  to 
the  best  method  of  testing  Hour  for  strength 
and  color,  I  l«g  to  say  that  for  the  past  30 
years  1  have  adopted  the  practical  method  of 
boiling  dumpliugs  for  this  purpose  as  follows: 
I  am  provided  with  a  small  pair  of  scales,  and  1 
weigh  off  three  ounces  (wnich  is  about  two 
tableapoonfuls)  of  the  Hour  I  desire  to  test.  I 
place  it  in  a  small  basin,  and  add  the  necessary 
quantity  of  water  to  make  it  into  a  dough, 
which  tie  up  in  a  cloth,  and  boil  for  about  20 
miuutes.  The  dumpling,  on  the  removal  of  the 
cloth,  if  the  Hour  is  strong  and  good,  should 
present  a  smooth  appearance,  and  the  creases 
produced  by  the  cloth  should  be  clear  and  well 
defined:  if,  on  the  contrary,  the  dough  hangs  to 
the  cloth,  and  the  creases  are  Hat  and  ill  defined, 
the  flour  is  weak,  and  its  baking  properties  bad. 
On  cutting  the  dumpling,  if  the  color  is  good  it 
will  not  darken  on  cooling;  but  flour  of  bad 
color,  on  the  contrary,  becomes  darker  as  it 
cools.  1  use  a  graduated  glass  to  measure  the 
water.  The  quantity  of  water  used  to  make 
the  dough  of  the  usual  consistency  varies  con- 
siderably, and  is  also  a  guide  to  the  strength  of 
the  flour,  as  the  stronger  the  flour  the  more 
water  it  will  take." 


A  Leadville  Romance. 

The  Deer  Lodgo  shaft,  owned  by  three  Lead- 
ville men,  had  been  sunk  130  feet,  and  on 
Friday  afternoon  the  miners  were  working  in 
porphyry  and  iron,  and  the  indications  were 
good.  A  party  of  capitalists  visited  the  shaft 
about  noon,  and  considered  a  proposition  by 
the  owners  to  buy  a  half  interest  for  §6,000. 
They  were  to  deposit  the  money  at  the  Lead- 
ville Bank  before  five  o'clock  that  afternoon  or 
lose  the  bargain.  A  few  minutes  after  five 
o'clock  one  of  the  owners  of  the  mine  calmly 
entered  the  bank  and  asked  if  the  money  had 
been  deposited.  He  received  an  answer  in  the 
negative,  whereupon  he  threw  his  hat  up  in  the 
air  and  executed  a  breakdown  before  the  aston- 
ished gaze  of  the  bank  people.  Being  asked  the 
reason  for  his  strange  antics,  he  paused  in  his 
contortions,  and  said: 

"  Waal,  gentlemen,  I  kinder  think  them  air 
fellers  got  left  this  yar  time.  A  half  of  the 
Deer  Lodge,  just  at  this  precise  minit,  is  worth 
860,000." 

It  appears  that  about  four  o'clock  the  men 
down  in  the  mine  struck  mineral.  Specimens 
were  hurriedly  sent  up  the  shaft  to  the  owners, 
•who  quietly  went  down  town  and  caused  them 
to  be  assayed,  the  result  showing  silver  worth 
$400  a  ton.  The  only  fear  then  was  that  their 
offer  of  $6,000  for  half  the  mine  would  be  ac- 
cepted. But  the  capitalists  overreached  them 
selves  that  time,  sure  enough. — Leadville  Cor, 
Chicago  Tribune* 


Waterproofing  for  Leather. — A  good  ar- 
ticle may  be  made  by  using  paraffine  melted 
with  the  requisite  quantity  of  drying  oil,  and 
casting  it  into  Buitable  blocks  for  subsequent 
use.  This  being  softened  by  heat,  the  leather 
of  the  manufactured  articles,  as  shoes  and  har- 
ness, is  coated  with  it,  and  placed  near  a  fire 
or  in  a  warm  place,  until  the  composition  has 
been  absorbed.  When  leather  has  been  im- 
pregnated with  the  mixture  it  is  not  only  per- 
fectly waterproof,  but  it  is  also  rendered  softer 
and  more  durable.  Shoes  retain  all  their  firm- 
ness and  natural  elasticity,  and  blacking  makes 
upon  them  a  better  polish  than  before.  This 
same  composition  is  also  useful  for  waterproof- 
ing woven  goods.  It  is  placed  on  the  under 
side  of  cloth  for  garments,  either  by  melting 
and  applying  moderately  with  a  brush,  or  by 
rubbing  with  a  block  of  the  preparation.  The 
complete  diffusion  of  it  through  the  texture  is 
effected  by  passing  the  cloth  between  hot  roll- 
era.  Fabrics  prepared  in  this  manner,  while 
they  repel  water,  are  perfectly  pervious  to  air. 
For  this  reason  they  are  superior  to  ordinary 
oil-cloth  and  rubber  goods.  They  also  look  bet- 
ter than  garments  made  of  rubber,  as  the  fin- 
ished appearance  of  the  cloth  is  in  no  way 
changed  by  the  treatment. 

Artificial  Silver. — A  correspondent  of  the 
Burlington  Haiokeye  tells  a  sensational  story  of 
an  alleged  discovery  of  the  artificial  manufac- 
ture of  silver,  by  Dr.  T.  Farriss,  Jr.,  of  the 
Iowa  Wesleyan  University,  which  carries  one 
back  to  the  days  of  the  old  alchemists.  Dr. 
Farriss,  it  seems,  when  taking  his  class  through 
a  course  of  instruction  in  the  primary  chemical 
compounds,  was  in  the  habit  of  setting  aside  the 
refuse  waters,  and  one  day  was  startled  by  the 
unusual  silvery  reaction  which  had  taken  place 
in  these  solutiona.  This  led  him  to  investigate. 
Result — the  artificial  manufacture  of  silver,  a 
business  on  which  the  Doctor  is  said  to  have 
entered  now  on  a  large  scale.  Of  course,  de- 
tails of  the  new  process  are  kept  rigedly  secret 
from  the  scientific  world,  though  credulous  cap- 
italists may  be  attracted  by  the  glittering  pros- 
pect just  as  they  have  been  in  the  past  by 
Keeley  motors,  ParafFs  gold  process  and  other 
impossibilities. 

A  Good  Glass  Cement. — Mix  10£  pounds  of 
pulverized  stone  and  glass  with  4£  pounds  of 
sulphur.  Subject  the  mixture  to  such  a  mod- 
erate degree  of  heat  that  the  sulphur  melts. 
Stir  until  the  whole  becomes  homogeneous,  and 
then  run  it  into  molds.  When  required  for 
use  it  is  to  be  heated  to  248°,  at  which  tem- 
perature it  melts,  and  may  be  employed  in  the 
usual  manner.  It  resists  the  action  of  acids, 
never  changes  in  the  air,  and  is  not  affected  in 
boiling  water.     At  230°  it  is  as   hard  as   stone. 


Paint  and  Paper  for  Houses. — In  the  first 
place,  all  the  painted  wood-work  should  be 
varnished  ;  in  this  way  the  deleterious  ingredi- 
ents of  the  paint  are  rendered  harmless,  and 
the  cleaning  is  much  more  easily  accomplished. 
In  regard  to  paper,  it  may  be  said  that  all  rough 
papers  should  be  avoided,  because  they  collect, 
absorb  and  retain  too  much  dust.  All  papers 
containing  arsenic  or  Paris  green  in  their  color- 
ing should  be  avoided.  The  smoother  the  sur- 
face of  the  paper  the  better.  Whenever  rooms 
are  to  be  repapered,  all  the  old  paper  should  be 
removed. 


To  "dry  "  linseed  oil  without  boiling  it,  add 
to  old  oil  about  two  per  cent,  of  borate  of  man- 

fanese,  and  heat  in  water-bath  to  almost  225° 
'.,  stirring  well.  To  accelerate  the  process  of 
filtering,  Ebermayer  advises  to  put  first  in  the 
funnel  a  piece  of  cotton  cloth  folded  exactly  as 
a  filter,  and  then  outside  of  the  cloth  to  place 
the  paper  filter. 

Something  New  in  Jewelry. — Articles  of 
jewelry  have  lately  been  made  in  Europe  'from 
dried  ox-blood.  Blood  is  strained,  dried,  pow- 
dered, sifted,  and  pressed  in  molds  at  a  temper- 
ature of  about  300°  F.,  for  from  five  to  ten 
minutes.  The  casts  are  then  taken  out  and 
polished. 


The  artificial  propagation  of  sponges  having 
been  demonstrated  by  Brehms  and  Buccich  to 
be  possible  and  easy  of  accomplishment  in  the 
Mediterranean,  although,  through  the  ignorant 
prejudice  of  the  fishing  population,  their  very 
instructive  experiments  have  as  yet  yielded  no 
practical  results,  the  Scientific  American  sug- 
gests that  it  might  prove  a  profitable  venture 
for  some  of  our  enterprising  citizens  to  under- 
take the  propagation  of  fine  sponges  in  Ameri- 
can waters.  The  Florida  Keysaud  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico  are  affirmed  to  be  suited  for  this  pur- 
pose. 

Harness  Soap.— Take  resin  soap,  2  lbs.; 
sperm  oil,  J  lb.  Digest  the  soap  with  a  quantity 
of  boiling  water,  just  sufficient  to  Boften  it 
thoroughly,  when  it  may  bo  triturated  with 
the  warm  oil  and  a  sufficient  quantity  of  fine 
bone-black  until  a  uniform  paste  is  obtained. 
Ordinary  unmixed  soap  turns  brown  many  of 
the  black  pigments  in  use.  The  addition  of 
oil  is  a  great  improvement. 

A  New  Thing  in  Wall  Papers. — TheCYiem- 
iker-ZeUung  states  that  wall-papers,  in  imita- 
tion of  silk,  are  now  manufactured  at  Aschaff- 
enburg,  dyed  in  the  mass,  and  afterwards 
printed  by  means  of  the  cylinder  machine.  The 
paper  is  made  of  cellulose.  It  has  a  decidedly 
silky  appearance  and  feel,  and  the  effect  is  pro- 
nounced pleasing.  The  designs  are  always  ex- 
ecuted in  darker  shades  of  the  ground  color. 

To  remove  grease  spots  from  hemp  carpets, 
use  a  solution  of  borax,  one  pound  to  one  gallon 
of  warm  water.  Heat  rancid  oil  with  a  little 
calcined  magnesia,  and  it  will  be  restored  to  its 
original  purity. 


QOOD     ^E^LJU- 


Disease  Germs  in  Diphtheria. 

The  recent  application  of  the  microscope  to 
medical  inquiries  has  developed  the  important 
fact  that  many  diseases  are  occasioned  by  malign 
attacks  upon  the  vital  domain  by  germs  of  va- 
rious kinds.  It  is  well  known  that  typhoid 
fever,  yellow  fever,  malarial  fevers,  and  most 
other  febrile  diseases,  are  occasioned  by  the 
introduction  of  germs  into  the  system;  but  it 
has  not,  in  many  cases,  been  the  good  fortune 
of  physicians  to  discover  the  exact  character  of 
these  microscopic  enemies  of  human  life.  In 
the  case  of  diphtheria,  many  most  eminent 
physicians  and  scientists  are  satisfied  that  the 
mischievous  germ  has  been  discovered,  after  a 
long  and  pains-taking  search. 

The  germ  causes  of  diphtheria  are  very  minute 
organisms,  being  too  small  to  be  seen  except  by 
the  aid  of  a  very  good  microscope.  They  are  so 
small  that  a  row  of  them  an  inch  long  would 
contain  from  10,000  to  20,000.  Singly  they  are 
too  insignificant  to  deserve  attention,  except  as 
microscopical  curiosities ;  but  when  massed 
together  in  the  countless  numbers  in  which 
they  infest  the  mucous  membrane  in  this  dis- 
ease, they  acquire  an  importance  which  is  often 
terribly  great  to  the  victim  of  their  ravages. 
There  are  two  varieties  of  these  parasites, 
known  respectively  as  micrococcus  and  bacterium 
termo;  the  names  are  certainly  no  more  formid- 
able than  the  creatures  themselves,  small  though 
they  are.  The  two  organisms  are  always  asso- 
ciated, and  can  be  very  easily  studied  with  the 
aid  of  a  good  microscope,  by  anyone  at  all  fa- 
miliar with  the  use  of  the  instrument,  by  ex- 
amination of  the  false  membrane,  freshly  taken 
from  a  patient. 

We  have  just  taken  a  small  piece  of  diphther- 
itic membrane  from  the  throat  of  a  patient  Buf- 
fering with  the  disease,  and  placing  it  under  the 
microscope,  with  a  little  mucous  from  the  Bame 
Bource,  the  germs  referred  to  are  distinctly  vis- 
ible in  great  number,  all  actively  swimming 
about,  making  the  whole  microscopic  field  alive 
with  motion.  Just  so  they  existed  in  the  throat 
of  the  patient  a  few  moments  ago,  vigorously  at 
work  insinuating  themselves  into  the  mucous 
membrane,  prying  their  way  in  between  the 
cells,  even  getting  into  their  interior  and  de- 
priving them  of  the  power  to  perform  their 
functions,  clogging  the  bloodvessels,  causing  ir- 
ritation of  the  membrane,  and,  as  a  consequence, 
the  pouring  out  of  fibrous  matter  which  forms 
false  membrane. — J.  H.  Kellogg,  M.  D. 

Society  and  Solitude. — A  correspondent 
writes  that  she  thinks  her  health  would  be 
much  better  if  she  did  not  get  so  lonesome,  and 
asks  if  lonesomeness  is  not  the  cause  of  a  mor- 
bid condition  bordering  on  disease  ?  To  which 
we  answer,  that  man  by  nature  seekB  society 
and  also  solitude.  A  harmonious  change  from 
one  to  the  other  is  essential  to  the  beat  health. 
Where  there  is  too  much  solitude  there  is  apt 
to  be  despondency.  Where  one  has  too  much 
society  he  is  apt  to  wear  out  prematurely.  It 
is  not  easy  to  arrange  life  so  as  to  have  just 
enough  of  each.  If  every  hour  brings  a  swarm 
of  company  the  reBult  upon  the  moral  nature  is 
unfavorable.  If,  on  the  other  hand,  man  is  too 
much  isolated  from  his  fellow  men  his  social 
nature  suffers,  and  the  mental  faculties  are  not 
properly  developed.  Lonesome  people  who 
iive  in  the  country  should  make  friends  of 
nature;  animals,  plants,  trees.  These  become 
to  them,  in  a  certain  sense,  society.  A  horse 
and  dog  make  very  good  friends  indeed,  and 
rarely  give  offense, — Herald  0/ Health. 


Gloomy  Thoughts  andGloomy  Weather. — 
Dull,  depressing,  dingy  days  produce  dispirit- 
iug  reflections  and  gloomy  thoughts,  and  small 
wonder  when  we  remember  that  the  mind  is 
not  only  a  motive,  but  a  receptive  organ,  and 
that  all  the  impressions  it  receives  from  with- 
out reach  it  through  the  media  of  senses  which 
are  directly  dependent  on  tho  conditions  of 
light  and  atmosphere  for  their  action,  and 
therefore  immediately  influenced  by  the  sur- 
rounding conditions.  It  is  a  common  sense  in- 
ference that  if  the  impressions  from  without 
reach  the  mind  through  imperfectly  acting  organs 
of  sense,  and  those  impressions  themselves  are 
set  in  a  minor  apathetic  key  of  color,  sound  and 
general  qualities,  the  mind"  must  be  what  is 
called  "moody."  It  is  not  tho  habit  of  even 
sensible  people  to  make  sufficient  allowance  for 
this  rationale  of  dullness  and  subjective  weak- 
ness. Some  persons  are  more  dependent  on  ex- 
ternal circumstances  and  conditions  for  their 
energy — or  the  stimulus  that  converts  poten- 
tial into  kinetic  force — than  others;  but  all 
feel  the  influence  of  the  world  without,  and  to 
this  influence  the  sick  and  the  weak  are  espe- 
cially responsive.  Hence  the  varying  tempera- 
ments of  mind  changing  with  the  weather,  the 
outlook  and  the  wind. — Lancet. 


Let  Children  Have  Plenty  of  Sleep. — 
As  sleep  is  the  period  for  replenishing  the  sys- 
tem, for  restoring  the  cells  wasted  by  the  nerv- 
ous activity  of  the  day — the  period  when  tho 
processes  of  digestion  reach  their  final  result, 
by  identifying  the  new  nutriment  with  the  sys- 
tem in  the  place  of  the  waste  of  the  tissues — it 
follows  that  children  need  more  sleep  than 
grown  persons.  Many  who  might  be  plump, 
active'and  happy,  if  given  Bleep  sufficient,  are 
flaccid  and  sallow,  weary  and  fretful,  because 
they  do  not  sleep  enough  to  allow  the  demand 
of  the  system  for  nutrition  to  be  supplied. 
Children  often  feel  it  very  hard  that  they  are 
sent  to  bed  early,  while  the  grown  people  sit 
up  and  enjoy  themselves  long  after  they  are  in 
bed.  If  any  children  chance  to  road  this  para- 
graph, to  them  we  would  say:  You  need  more 
sleep  than  your  parents,  because  you  have  to 
grow  and  they  do  not.  You  need  to  use  a  good 
deal  of  the  food  you  eat  in  growing  larger  and 
stronger;  if  you  consume  it  all  in  activity,  you 
will  not  have  enough  to  grow  with.  Therefore 
you  ought  to  sleep  a  great  deal,  and  let  the 
body  rest,  if  you  would  grow  strong  and 
heathy.     

The  Willow  as  a  Preventive  of  Malaria. 
Mr.  Von  Lennep,  Swedish  consul,  writes  from 
"Mahazik,  near  Smyrna,"  to  the  London  Timet 
as  follows:  "Before  the  eucalyptus  was  ever 
heard  of  in  Asia  Minor,  I  had  seen  the  bark  of 
the  willow  used  as  a  febrifuge.  I  had  remarked 
the  easy  and  inexpensive  reproduction  of  this 
tree,  its  quick  growth  in  damp  places,  its  ex- 
cellent qualities  for  fuel  and  for  agricultural  im- 
plements, and  ita  great  advantage  for  strength- 
ening the  banks  of  capricious  streamB,  and  had 
thence  taken  every  opportunity  after  the  winter 
floods  to  stick  willow  cuttings  along  the  banks 
of  streams  and  other  damp  places  in  my  prop- 
erty; also  to  scatter  the  plane-tree  seeds  in 
marshy  spots.  The  result  has  been  that,  where- 
as 20  years  ago  the  full  grown  trees  in  this 
neighborhood  might  have  been  counted,  a  luxu- 
rious growth  of  willows  and  plane-trees  marks 
my  place,  fuel  is  abundant,  fever  ia  steadily  de- 
creasing, the  meandering  propensities  of  the 
streamB  are  checked,  my  neighbors  have  come 
to  me  for  agricultural  implements,  and  I  have 
not  far  to  go  for  timber  for  rough  purposes. 

Medicinal  Effects  of  Onions. — A  mother 
writeB  to  an  English  agricultural  journal  as  fol- 
lows :  "Twice  a  week — and  it  was  generally 
when  we  had  cold  meat  minced — I  gave  the 
children  a  dinner  which  was  hailed  with  de- 
light and  looked  forward  to.  This  was  a  dish 
of  boiled  onions.  The  little  oneB  knew  not  that 
they  were  taking  the  best  medicine  for  expell- 
ing what  moBt  children  suffer  from — worms. 
Mine  were  kept  free  by  this  remedy  alone.  It 
was  a  medical  man  who  taught  me  to  eat  boiled 
onions  as  a  specific  for  cold  in  the  chest.  He 
did  not  know  at  the  time,  till  I  told  him,  that 
they  were  good  for  anything  elBe."  The  editor 
of  the  journal  adds  :  "A  case  is  now  under 
our  own  observation  in  which  a  rheumatio  pa- 
tient, an  extreme  sufferer,  finds  great  relief 
from  eating  onions  freely,  either  cooked  or 
raw."  Dr.  G.  W.  Balfour,  in  the  Edinburg 
Medical  Journal,  records  three  cases  in  which 
much  benefit  was  afforded  patients  by  the  eat- 
ing of  raw  onions  in  large  quantities.  They 
acted  as  a  diuretic  in  each  instance. 


A  Respiratory  Vail. — Asa  rule  vails  cov- 
ering the  nose  prevent  full  reapirationa,  but 
they  are  at  times  useful,  as  when  one  is  ex- 
posed to  dust,  as  in  riding  upon  dusty  roads, 
either  by  rail  or  carriage.  In  such  cases  a 
properly  constructed  vail  keeps  the  duet  from 
entering  the  breathing  organs.  The  best  method 
of  making  one  is  as  follows:  Take  an  ordinary 
piece  of  blonde  12  inches  wide,  over  the  lower 
four  inches  eew  a  double  thicknesa  of  gossamer 
silk.  Two  layers  are  Bewn  to  the  piece  without 
difficulty.  Ladies  may  attach  them  to  the  lower 
part  of  an  ordinary  vail,  and  thus  the  objection 
made  to  the  appearance  of  ordinary  respirators, 
so  much  used  in  England,  is  avoided, — Herald 
of  Health. 


256 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[April  19,  1879. 


CIENTJFlCllMSS 


m 


W.  B.  EWER Senior  Editor. 


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SAN   FRANCISCO: 
Saturday  Morning,  April  19,  1879. 


TABLE  OP  CONTENTS. 

GENERAL  EDITORIALS.— The  First  Ominous 
Note  from  Snake  River;  Our  Deep  Mines;  Salmon  River; 
New  Hydraulic  Launch;  249.  Anti-Tramp,  253.  The 
Week;  Investing  in  Divideud-Paying  Mines;  The  Rest- 
less Blacks;  Western  Shore  Ice  Company,  256.  A  New 
Alden  Fruit  Drier,  257. 

ILLUSTRATIONS.— Respirator  for  Use  at  Reduction 
Works,  249.     The  Improved  Alden  drier,  257. 

CORRESPONDENCE.— Lake  District.— The  Mam- 
moth Mill  and  Mine;  Ditching  by  Machinery;  Gold  and 
Silver  Mining  in  Mexico;  Mining  Laws,  250.  Silver 
with  the  Gold,  280. 

MECHANICAL  PROGRESS.— Progress  of  the 
Iron  Interest;  A  New  Departure  in  Car  Construction; 
Steeline;  Cast-Iron  Forts;  Hints  for  Molders;  New  and 
Valuable  Steering  Invention;  The  Blessing  of  Steam 
Power;  Welding  Copper,  251. 

SCIENTIFIC  PROGRESS.— Substitutes  for  Ether 
and  Chloroform;  A  New  Method  of  Determining  High 
Temperatures;  Science  in  the  Industries;  The  Composi- 
tion and  Uses  of  Furnace  Gases,  251. 

MINING  STOCK  MARKET.—  Sales  at  the  San 
Francisco,  California  and  Pacific  Stock  Boards,  Notices 
of  Assessments,  Meetings  and  Dividends,  252. 

MINING  SUMMARY  from  the  various  counties  of 
California,  Nevada,  Idaho  and  Colorado,  Oregon  and 
New  Mexico,  253-60. 

USEFUL  INFORMATION.  —  A  New  Test  for 
Flour;  Waterproofing  for  Leather;  Artificial  Silver;  A 
Good  Glass  Cement;  Paint  and  Paper  for  Houses;  Some- 
thing New  in  Jewelry;  Harness  Soap;  A  New  Thing  in 
Wall  Papers,  255. 

GOOD  HEALTH.— Disease  Germs  in  Diphtheria; 
Society  and  Solitude;  Gloomy  Thoughts  and  Gloomy 
Weather;  Let  Children  Have  Plenty  of  Sleep;  The 
Willow  as  a  Preventive  of  Malaria;  Medicinal  Effects  of 
Onions;  A  Respiratory  Vail,  255. 

MISCELLANEOUS-— Promising  for  Colorado;  Ber- 
nardinite — A  New  Mineral  Resin  from  San  Bernardino 
Co.,  Cal.;  A  Mountain  of  Gold;  Miners'  Superstitions, 
250.  The  Flounders  of  our  Markets.— No.  2;  Railroad 
ProspectB;  James'  Single-Track  Railway;  Arizona  Cata- 
combs; A  Word  of  Caution,  254.  Comparative  Rain- 
fall; A  LeadviUe  Romance,  255. 

NEWS  IN  BRIEF  on  page  260  and  other  pages. 

Business  Announcements. 

Quartz  Stamp  Mill,  Collins  Eaton,  Chicago,  III. 
Assessment  Notice,  Cherokee  Flat  Blue  Gravel  Company. 
Assessment  Notice,  Rocky  Point  Mining  Company. 
Mining  and  Locomotive  Head-Light,  Emile  Boesch,  S.  F. 
Asbestos  Wanted,  Win.  Oliver,  328  Mongomery  at,  S.  F. 
Wanted— 100,000  Tons  of  Steel  Rails. 


The  Week. 

The  week  has  been  characterized  by  nothing 
of  special  importance  among  mining  interests. 
The  abundance  of  water  this  season  admits  of 
the  working  of  both  placer  and  quartz  mines  to 
their  fullest  capacities.  That  the  time  has  not 
been  wasted  in  their  development  is  evidenced 
by  the  number  and  size  of  the  late  bullion 
shipments.  It  is  estimated  that  during  the 
past  week  the  various  gravel  mines  of  Nevada 
county  alone  have  cleared  up  from  $100,000  to 
$125,000.  Other  counties  speak  up  quite  as 
favorably,  and  in  all  the  general  indications 
Beem  to  grow  more  and  more  favorable  with 
each  day's  work. 

The  workings  on  the  Comstocks  are  fast 
approaching  the  points  where  the  new  bonanzas 
are  promised  and  expected,  and  Ophir  is  reported 
to  have  been  already  fortunate  in  the  discovery 
of  a  rich  new  ore  body.  At  Sutro,  200  men 
have  been  knocked  off  from  the  tunnel  force, 
for  the  reason  that  there  were  not  cars  enough 
to  run  out  all  the  dirt  made  by  the  gangs.  The 
shares  of  the  Bulwer  mine  have  been  increased 
from  50,000  to  100,000,  and  the  stock  will  be 
entered  on  the  New  York  boards.  We  note 
also  that  the  mines  in  Washington  Territory  and 
neighborhood  are  awakening  some  interest,  but 
their  development  is  greatly  retarded  by  inac- 
cessibility and  the  rigor  of  the  climate.  Reports 
are  still  received  of  large  prospects  and  attain- 
ments at  Leadville,  and  immense  crowds  are 
being  drawn  together  from  all  parts  of  the 
oouutry,  and  yet,  in  the  face  of  these  reports, 
Colorado  papers  are  cautioning  people  against 
flocking  in,  and  stating  facts  to  prove  that 
nothing  but  hardship  and  disappointment  can 
result  to  the  mass  of  the  treasure  seekers. 
Large  numbers  are  reported  to  be  leaving  Lead- 
ville and  returning  to  the  Black  Hills  and  else- 
where, failing  to  find  employment  in  the  new 
camp, 


Investing    in   Dividend-Paying    Mines. 

We  are  advised  by  the  Eastern  mining  press 
that  while  the  shares  of  sound,  dividend-pay- 
ing mines  find  ready  market  in  that  quarter, 
worthless  properties  and  mere  prospects  meet 
with  no  favor,  nor  are  they  ever  likely  to  do  so. 
Eastern  adventurers  have  heretofore  suffered  so 
much  through  worthless  and  deceptive  purchases, 
that  they  have  resolved  to  act  with  extreme 
caution  in  the  future.  This  we  are  glad  to  learn, 
and  hope  they  will  steadfastly  adhere  to  this 
wise  policy  hereafter.  It  is  a  good  thing  for 
parties  about  to  purchase  mining  shares  to 
secure  only  those  of  dividend-paying  properties; 
and  let  it  only  be  known  that  there  is  a  demand 
for  such  in  the  East,  and,  we  answer  for  it, 
there  will  be  no  lack  of  supply.  We  greatly 
mistake  the  capacities  of  our  mine  manipulators 
if  they  shall  not  be  able  to  meet  all  require' 
ments  of  this  kind,  furnishing  dividend-paying 
mines  of  any  pattern  and  to  any  extent.  Let 
the  people  of  the  East  or  any  other  part  of  the 
world  try  the  experiment,  and  if  the  managers 
of  our  mines  fail  to  fill  all  orders,  then  we  have 
greatly  underrated  their  resources  in  an  exigency 
of  this  kind.  To  fill  a  large  invoice  would,  of 
course,  take  some  time;  but  it  can  be  done.  If 
the  ore  required  for  making  the  necessary 
amount  of  bullion  is  not  just  in  sight,  it  can 
with  a  little  extra  effort  be  gouged  out 
and  hurried  through  the  mill,  a  little 
extra  milling  capacity  being  meantime 
engaged  to  expedite  the  business;  or  if  the 
ore  is  not  in  the  mine,  it  can,  of  course,  be 
obtained  in  the  neighborhood,  and  if  not,  why 
then  the  shareholders  can  be  assessed  to  pay 
the  dividends.  It  is  by  no  means  so  hard  a 
matter  to  get  a  mine  on  to  a  dividend-paying 
basis  as  some  people  suppose.  But  to  maintain 
it  on  such  basis  becomes  often  a  troublesome 
business.  Our  mines  have  a  bad  habit,  after 
having  been  brought  into  a  dividend-paying 
condition,  of  suspending  these  dividends  and 
substituting  assessments  in  their  stead.  This 
has  happened  one  time  or  another  with  nine- 
tenths  of  this  class  of  mines  in  the  country; 
wherefore,  the  Eastern  investor,  when  he  buys 
the  shares  of  a  dividend-paying  property,  can 
have  no  guarantee  that  it  will  long  continue 
such.  He  may  fondly  believe,  as  he  did  when 
a  year  or  two  since  he  bought  the  bonanza 
stocks,  that  the  disbursement  of  dividends  will 
be,  for  a  long  series  of  years,  as  sure  as  the 
payment  of  interest  on  United  States  bonds, 
only  to  find  in  the  course  of  a  few  months  that 
he  has  been  grossly  mistaken. 

We  will  not  expose  ourselves  to  the  charge  of 
being  invidious  by  pointing  out  with  more  par- 
ticularity the  instances  in  which  people,  both 
here  and  elsewhere,  have  been  grievously  dis- 
appointed through  investments  made  in  mines 
that  it  was  supposed  would  prove  to  be  perma- 
nently dividend-paying  properties.  It  is 
enough  to  say  that  these  instances  have  been 
sufficiently  numerous  to  prove  the  very  treach- 
erous character  of  these  investments,  and  to 
admonish  our  Eastern  friends  that  they  have  a 
care  how  they  buy  the  shares  of  even  our  divi- 
dend-paying mines. 

As  it  was  only  last  week  that  we  took  it  upon 
us  to  suggest  the  need  of  caution  in  the  pur- 
chase of  mining  properties  on  this  coast,  it  may 
be  asked  what  then  are  Eastern  investors  to  do 
if  both  the  stocks  and  the  mines  themselves  are 
such  dangerous  things  to  meddle  with.  To 
this  it  may  be  replied,  that  if  parties  abroad 
desire  to  become  interested  in  our  mines  they 
had  better  go  about  the  business  as  is  the  prac- 
tice with  us  on  this  side;  that  is,  buy  up  par- 
tially or  fully  developed  claims  already  located, 
equipping  them  themselves  or  else  buy  mines 
opened,  outfitted  and  actively  productive,  being 
careful  not  to  pay  more  in  any  instance  than  a 
fair  equivalent  for  what  they  get.  Or  they 
might,  as  is  the  custom  in  all  mining  countries, 
provision  and  send  out  experienced  prospectors 
to  hunt  for  and  take  up  mineral  deposits  on 
joint  account,  a  very  good  plan  where  there  re- 
mains, as  on  this  coast,  so  much  territory  but 
partially  explored.  The  mining  field  in  this 
region  of  the  extreme  West  is  very  extensive; 
its  forms  of  wealth  are  varied,  and  it  is,  com- 
paratively speaking,  but  little  occupied,  offer- 
ing every  inducement  for  parties  to  enter  and 
search  after  metalliferous  deposits  for  them- 
selves. As  an  encouragement  to  this  course  it 
may  be  stated  that  more  valuable  mineral  de- 
velopments, productive  mines  and  promising 
prospects  included,  have  been  made  in  Mono 
county,  California,  within  the  past  two  years 
than  have  within  a  like  period  ever  before  been 
made  in  any  county  in  this  State;  and  yet  Mono 
was  overrun  with  prospectors  as  .much  as  16  or 
IS  years  ago  and  afterwards  almost  totally 
abandoned,  Bimply  because  the  first  crop  of 
prospectors  lacked  the  pluck,  or  rather  perhaps 
we  should  say  the  means,  to  open  up  the  gold- 
bearing  lodes  that  so  abound  here,  to  even  the 
most  inconsiderable  depths.  California,  the 
most  thoroughly  explored  and  extensively 
worked  of  all  our  Pacific  coast  possessions,  after 
a  thirty  years'  mining  experience,  remains  to 
energetic  enterprise  backed  by  ample  pecuniary 
means  aD  almost  virgin  field,  the  whole  State 
from  San  Diego  to  Siskiyou  being  full  of  unde- 
veloped and  undiscovered  mines  of  gold  and 
silver.  In  scarifying  the  surface  here  and  there 
we  have  scratched  out  the  more  superficial  de- 
posits of  gold  dust,  but  have  as  yet  done  hardly 
anything  towards   developing    the    deep-lying 


placers  or  the  metalliferous  veins,  the  sources 
of  a  much  larger  and  more  permanent  wealth. 
We  know  well  how  badly,  in  many  instances, 
capital  has  fared,  even  in  California.  But  we 
are  of  the  opinion,  for  reasons  not  long  since 
set  forth,  that  investors  in  our  mines  will  be 
more  fortunate  hereafter  than  they  have  been. 
There  has  not  been  much  money  lost  in  mining 
of  late,  the  fortunes  of  this  class  of  investors 
having  taken  a  turn  here  several  years  ago; 
and  we  incline  to  the  belief  that  the  era  of  profit 
that  has  ao  set  in  will  extend  into  the  indefinite 
future — satisfactory  gains  being  the  rule,  and 
not,  as  heretofore,  the  exception.  At  all  events 
we  are  impressed  with  the  idea  that  money 
embarked  in  practical  mining  will  be  safer  and 
more  likely  to  earn  something  continuously, 
than  if  invested  in  the  shares  of  even  dividend- 
paying  properties.  If  only  there  was  any  cer- 
tainty that  these  disbursements  could  be  kept 
up  steadily  and  permanently,  then,  to  be  sure, 
would  these  securities  prove  a  very  enticing 
sort  of  investment,  as  they  are  apt  to  be  liberal 
enough  while  they  last.  But  the  trouble  is  they 
do  not  last  long,  as  the  history  of  this  class  of 
properties  on  the  Pacific  coast  tends  to  show. 
Of  all  the  mines  whose  shares  are  now  called  at 
the  San  Francisco  and  the  New  York  stock  ex- 
changes, scarcely  a  dozen  are  yielding  a  net 
revenue.  Two  years  ago,  when  the  bonanza 
mines  were  paying  dividends,  and  were  gener- 
ally esteemed  a  desirable  investment,  the  prin- 
cipal owners  of  these  shares  were  buying  largely 
United  States  four  per  cent,  bonds,  and  subse- 
quent events  have  approved  their  financial 
acumen.  Only  one  year  since  Bodie  shares  were 
largely  bought  up  at  extravagant  figures,  the 
public  being  assured  that  there  was  ore  enough 
in  sight  to  make  dividends  certain  for  a  long 
time  to  come,  and  yet  Bome  months  have 
elapsed  since  Bodie  passed  over  to  the  list  of 
profitless  mines. 

The  number  of  these  dead  properties,  so  once 
of  good  repute  and  excellent  promise,  is,  indeed, 
so  great  that  one  is  almoBt  forced  to  conclude 
that  they  were  only  by  a  spasmodic  effort 
rushed  into  a  seeming  and  short-lived  prosper- 
ity that  their  worthless  shares  might  be  un- 
loaded upon  the  public,  and  we  counsel  our 
Eastern  friends  to  beware,  lest,  while  they  are 
congratulating  themselves  on  their'  shrewdness 
in  buying  only  the  shares  of  divi  dent-paying 
mines,  they  be  preparing  for  themselves  a  bit- 
ter disappointment. 

Stock  manipulators  on  this  coast  are  not  more 
unscrupulous  than  stock  operators  elsewhere, 
but  they  are  not  the  philanthropists  to  offer 
mining  shares  or  anything  else  at  much  less 
than  what  they  believe  to  be  their  real  value 
simply  for  the  good  it  will  do  others.  If  they 
offer  these  shares  on  the  Eastern  market,  it  is 
because  they  expect  to  get  the  full  worth  of 
them.  But,  as  this  whole  business  is  merely  a 
species  of  gambling,  intelligent  people  every- 
where ought  to  know  something  of  the  chances 
they  take  when  they  engage  in  it.  If,  depend- 
ing on  long  practice  or  their  natural  astuteness, 
they  think  they  can  "beat  the  game,"  it  may, 
perhaps,  be  as  well  for  them  to  continue  "buck- 
ing" against  it  till  that  point  is  determined  in  the 
affirmative  or  otherwise.  We  have  no  advice  to 
give  those  engaged  in,  or  who  purpose  to  engage 
in,  stock  dealings.  This  is  a  mining  journal, 
not  the  organ  or  adviser  of  speculators  in  min- 
ing shares.  Our  work  lies  in  another  direction. 
We  have  to  do  with  the  practical  branches  of 
the  business.  It  is  ours  to  counsel  and  advise 
with  those  who  toil  and  invest  in  the  fields  of 
this  mighty  industry,  and  for  them  we  have 
words  of  good  cheer.  The  best  days  of  mining 
are  before  them.  Its  great  successes  remain  to 
be  achieved.  What  has  been  done  will  be  as 
nothing  compared  with  what  we  shall  soon  ac- 
complish. We  are  apt  to  think  that  '49  waB 
the  epoch  of  great  things,  but  a  hundred  men 
shall  shortly  produce  more  bullion  than  ten 
thousand  did  in  the  early  days.  This  industry 
is  embryotic;  it  has  not  yet  reached  its  in- 
fantile state.  The  new  men,  who  are  now  com- 
ing here  from  the  Eastern  States  and  from 
Europe  to  engage  in  practical  mining,  will  yet 
be  accounted  almost  as  much  pioneers  as  those 
who  came  thirty  years  ago. 

That  those  in  the  East,  who  have  studied 
this  matter  closely,  take  the  above  view  of  it  is 
evident  from  the  number  who  are  now  coming 
to  this  coast  with  the  intention  of  spending 
here  enough  time  to  acquaint  themselves  thor- 
oughly with  our  mineral  resources  through  a 
personal  inspection  of  the  same.  In  times  past, 
the  most  of  those  who  have  visited  us  on  er- 
rands of  this  kind  have  been  only  speculators, 
agents  or  middlemen.  But  now,  principals, 
capitalists  and  thorough-going  business  men  be- 
gin to  make  their  appearance,  having  concluded 
to  come  and  see  for  themselves.  If  now  these 
parties  will  proceed  with  this  business  leisurely, 
availing  themselves  of  the  services  of  competent 
experts,  being  careful  to  select  such  as  have 
had  large  practical  experience,  they  can  hardly 
fail  to  find,  in  almost  any  of  our  mining  coun- 
ties, properties  in  which  it  will  do  to  invest 
their  money,  and  that  can  be  obtained  on  terms 
that  will  leave  no  reasonable  grounds  for  com- 
plaint. There  are  in  this  State  vein  mines,  as 
well  as  hydraulic  and  drift  diggings,  that 
strongly  invite  examination.  Then,  too,  we 
have  sea  beaches  to  be  worked,  modern  river 
beds  to  be  dredged  and  deep  basins  to  be 
cleaned  out,  to  say  nothing  of  the  vast  accumu- 
lations of  rich  tailings  that  call  for  re-washing. 
The  mineral  wealth  of  other  countries  is  apt  to 
be  confined  to  one,  or  two  forma  at  most.  But 
here  in  California  it  takes  on  many  shapes; 
our  assortment,  to  adopt  the  language  of  com- 
merce, being  choice,  varied  and  complete. 


The  Restless  Blacks. 

Since  we  commented  last  week  upon  the  emi- 
gration movements  among  the  negroes  of  the 
Southern  States,  there  have  been  received  dis- 
patches announcing  that  the  people  are  still  in 
motion,  and  various  objective  points  ^re  being 
borne  down  upon.  We  notice  that  in  a  meeting 
favoring  the  emigration,  held  in  New  York  city, 
one  of  the  speakers  encouraged  the  idea  that 
California  be  made  the  promised  land  of  the 
new  exodus.  This  orator  claimed  that  thousands 
of  negroes  could  easily  find  employment  "along 
the  coast"  in  this  State.  What  this  throng 
could  do  unless  they  take  to  hunting  "  coaBt 
whales,"  it  is  difficult  to  imagine.  It  is  true 
that  our  coast  counties  are  prosperous,  and 
the  chance  for  steady  employment  is  as 
good,  if  not  better,  than  elsewhere  in  the 
State,  but  there  is  no  reason  to  expect 
that  a  throng  of  dependent  laborers  like  the 
negroes,  who  are  doubtless,  for  the  most  part, 
wholly  unacquainted  with  our  various  styles 
of  work,  could  find  the  asylum  they  need. 
If  adequate  capital  and  effective  manage- 
ment were  furnished  it  is  possible  that  some 
parts  of  our  State  would  be  found  admirably 
adapted  to  cane  and  cotton  growing.  But 
these  industries  have  not  paaaed  the  experi- 
mental stage  in  this  State.  If  the  reduction  of 
the  labor  force  of  the  South  should  reduce 
the  cotton  supply,  there  would  be  an  advance 
in  price  which  might  make  our  cotton  ventures 
attractive,  but  this  is  problematical.  As  for 
cane  growing  on  a  large  scale,  it  is  a  branch 
which  it  would  take  time  to  develop  even  if 
climatic  and  pecuniary  conditions  should  be 
favorable.  It  is  plain  to  our  minds  that  a  large 
influx  of  negroes  would  be  unfortunate  for 
the  immigrants  and  a  burden  to  the  State.  For 
the  negro  has  grown  under  a  system  of  labor 
most  unlike  that  which  prevails  in  this  State. 
He  is  wholly  unaccustomed  to  shift  for  himself. 
The  old  regime  of  the  plantation  made  him 
the  object  of  the  planter's  especial  care,  and 
he  is  probably  the  most  dependent  laborer  in 
the  world.  Here  the  case  is  exactly  other- 
wise, and  the  laborer  is  thrown  upon  his  own 
resources  as  soon  as  the  heavy  work  of  the 
season  is  done.  Even  if  a  number  of  the  negroes 
could  find  work  during  harvest,  it  would  be 
work  to  which  they  are  wholly  unaccustomed  , 
and  their  earnings  would  be  small.  When 
harvest  is  over  they  would  go  to  swell  the 
burden  of  improvident  and  dependent  men,  of 
which  the  State  has  already  a  surfeit.  It  is 
possible  that  if  a  number  of  the  men  should 
reach  this  coast  they  would  be  forwarded  to  the 
cane  fields  of  Hawaii  where  they  are  needed,  but 
the  movement  would  be  a  hazardous  one  unleaB 
arrangements  were  made  beforehand  with  the 
capitalists  who  are  carrying  on  the  Hawaiian 
enterprises. 

Our  State  would  welcome  a  larger  population 
it  is  true,  but  it  should  be  composed  of  men 
fitted  by  disposition,  skill  and  money  to  undertake 
moderate  ventures  of  their  own.  There  is  no 
reason  why  the  unskilled,  the  dependent,  and 
the  empty-handed  should  make  this  State  the 
goal  of  their  wanderings. 


The  Western  Shore  Ice  Company. 

We  visited  this  week  the  works  of  the  West- 
ern Shore  Ioe  Company,  at  821  Battery  street, 
and  saw  the  machinery  for  the  manufacture  of 
ice,  which  we  illustrated  and  described  a  short 
time  since.  The  ice  made  is  very  clear  and 
solid,  and  does  not  have  the  snowy  appearance 
common  to  most  manufactured  ice.  The  ma- 
chinery which  they  have  in  operation  is  capa- 
ble of  making  a  ton  and  a  quarter  of  ice  per 
day,  and  is  kept  running  Bimply  to  show  the 
process.  They  have  made  two  other  one-ton 
machines  and  a  five- ton  machine. 

In  places  where  power  is  already  in  uae  and 
available,  ice  can  be  made  at  a  less  cost  than 
where  a  separate  engine  is  used.  The  appar- 
atus is  very  simple  in  its  operation  and  not 
likely  to  get  out  of  order.  It  requires  only  the 
attention  of  one  man.  By  the  peculiar  system 
of  agitation  of  the  water  during  the  process  of 
freezing  the  resultant  ice  is  clear  and  hard,  and 
contains  no  air,  as  artificial  ice  usually  does. 
It  will  therefore  keep  much  longer. 

A  one-ton  machine  will  make  ice  for  a  quarter 
of  a  cent  per  pound;  while  a  20-ton  machine 
will  make  it  at  a  cost  of  one- twentieth  of  a  cent. 
The  apparatus  will  cool  air  also,  and  is  very 
useful  for  brewers,  pork  packers,  etc.  The 
company  are  prepared  to  manufacture  machines 
of  various  sizes  for  use  in  interior  towns,  where 
ice  can  be  made  and  sold  as  a  business.  Several 
of  them  have  already  been  put  to  use  for  this 
purpose.  They  are  made  under  the  H.  J. 
West  patent,  which  is  in  extensive  use  in 
Europe,  where  all  the  large  brewerieB  have 
adopted  the  system.  Among  other  uses  for 
which  the  machinery  is  invaluable,  are  preserv- 
ing meat,  fish,  vegetables,  fruits,  etc.;  cooling 
mines,  theaters,  dairies,  and  for  all  purposes 
where  a  low  temperature  is  desired.  The  com- 
pany sell  the  machines  with  a  guarantee  to  do 
certain  work. 


There  are  15  logging  camps  in  active  opera- 
tion within  hailing  distance  of  Olympia,  W. 
T. ,  and  many  others  are  preparing  to  start  up. 


April  19,  1879.J 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


257 


A  New  Alden  Fruit  Drier. 


We  give  below  a  cut  and  description  of 
heater,  hoisting  apparatus  and  system  of  ventil- 
ation, recently  patented  for  the  Alden  Frail 
Preserving  Co.,  through  Dewey  4  Co'a.  agency, 
which  seems  to  present  some  decided  improve- 
ments on  the  old  Alden  invention,  both    in  ma- 


of  the  heater.  The  fire-box  is  surrounded  by 
an  air  space,  with  openings,  at  M.  Similar  cold 
air  openings  are  provided  on  the  sides,  near  the 
bottom  of  the  enclosing  walls.  The  cold  air 
comes  first  in  contact  with  the  lower  and  mod- 
erately heated  pipes;  then  rising  successively  to 
the  Becond  and  third  tiers  (the  upper  tier  being 
the  hottest),  it  is  heated  by  degrees,  and  as  the 
pipes  are  placed  close  together,  the  air  is  jittered 
through  the  narrow  spaces  between  them,  thus 
cbinery  and  process,  and  we  commend  the  same  bringing  every  atom  of  the  air  into  close  contact 
to   the   candid    consideration    of  our   readers.  1  with  the  heated  pipes,  which,  all  will  admit,  is 

The  Alden  Company  has  certainly  done  much    atma«h  mo™  5rfective   mofch(>d  of   heating  air 
,              ,.      t                  *  ,     ..                         »    than  by  radiation.     Air  will   not   heat  air,  aud 
to  advertise  the  business  01  fruit  growing  and  |  ;„  „„i.fi. », 


is  only  heated  by  actual  contact,  or  by  admix- 
ture of  its  atoms. 

It  will  be  noticed  that  the  new  furnace  has 
an  immense  heating  surface,  and  that  the  pipes 
can  be  easily  cleaned  of  soot.  The  entire  struc- 
ture is  made  of  cast  iron,  with  very  few  joints, 
which  are  made  perfectly  tight.  If  the  pipes 
are  kept  clean,  the  heat  will  pass  readily  through 
their  walls,  and  as  the  air,  coming  in  contact 
with  their  exterior  surfaces,  will  carry  the  heat 
rapidly  away,  the  pipes  and  fire-box  will  not  be 
subjected  to  any  destructive  heat,  which  secures 
the  three  important  considerations  in  a  heater: 


drying,  and  since  the  first  factory  was  started 

in  this  State,   thousands  of  acres  have   been 

planted  to  the  finer  sorts  of  fruit,  with  special 

reference   to   drying    them.       There    are   now 

some  40  Alden  evaporators  in  this  State,   and 

probably  an  equal  number  in  Oregon,  and  the 

demand  for  Alden  goods  is  constantly  increas- 
ing.    The  merchants  who  sell  them  report  that 

the  price  of  Alden  products  is  about  50%  higher 

than  fruits  dried  by  other  machines,  and  more 

than  200%  higher  than  sun-dried  fruits.     Alden  '  Firsfc»  utilization  of  large  percentage  of    heat . 

apples  are  quoted  at  10  to  13  cents  per  lb  ;  apples 

dried  by  other  machines  at  5  to  7  cents,   and 

Bun-dried  apples  at  2   to   4   cents,    and   other 

fruits  in  proportion.     These  figures  should  have 

great  weight  with  fruit  growers,  as  it  is  but  an- 
other   demonstration    that   it    is    useless   and 

wasteful  to  nlace  on  the  market  common  or  in- 
ferior fruits,  either  green  or  dried.     The  Alden 

products  may  be  no  better  than  those  dried  by 

some  of  the  other  machines,   but  they  secured 

for  themselves  a  distinctive  recognition  and  re- 
munerative prices  in  the  world's  markets,  and 

owners  of  Alden  driers  will  do  all  they  can  to 

preserve  thib  valuable  prestige. 

We  learn  that  the  "Improved  Alden   Evap- 
orator" has  been  in  use  during  the  past  season 

in  this  State,  Utah  and  other  places,  and  has 

given  perfect  satisfaction,  and  that  it  is  about 

to  be  introduced  in  Oregon.     The  greatest  ob- 
jection to  the  old  Alden  is  the  high  price  for  the 

machinery  and  royalty,  and  as  the  royalty  has 

been  abolished  and  the  prices  of  the  apparatus 

so  greatly  reduced,  under  the  new  regime,  plac- 
ing   the     improved     evaporators     within     the 

means  of  our  fruit  growers,  we  may  look  for  an 

increased  interest  in  this  important  and  grow- 
ing industry. 

During  the  five  years  of  practice  which  the 

managers  of  the  Alden  fruit  company  have  had 

in  this  State,  they  have  discovered  room  for  im- 
provement,   and  they  now   offer  the  result  of 

their  experiments  in  the  shape  of  an  evaporator, 

for  which  they  claim  superiority  over  all  others 

in   simplicity   of    construction   and    operation, 

durability,  capacity  and  cheapness. 

It  will  be  noticed  by  the  engraving  that  they 

retain   the   Alden  process,   i.   e.,   "moving  the 

fruit,    in   a   vertical   chamber,    in    currents  of 

heated   and  humid  air;"   but  they  have  added 

important  improvements,    by  which    they   not 

only  generate  the   heat  at  less  cost  of  fuel,  but 

also   apply  it  in  a  more  effective  manner  and 

secure  a  more  rapid  current  of   air  through  and 

over  the   fruit-loaded  frames.     All   know  that 

the  most   essential  thing  in  fruit   drying  is  a 

rapid  current  of  air.     Water  evaporates  at  all 

temperatures  when  in  contact  with  air,  or  other 

gases.     The  higher  the  temperature  the  greater 

will   be  the   evaporation.     But    if    the  air  be 

heated  and  at   rest,  fruit  will  not  dry.     Wind, 

air  in  motion,  is  necessary  to  dry  any  substance, 

and  more  is  due  to  the  wind  than  to  the  sun,  in 

drying  the  earth  after  a  shower. 

So  soon  as  fruit  is  heated  to  a  proper  temper- 
ature, the  affinity  between  the  solids  and 
liquids  is  broken,  and  if  the  application  of  the 
heated  air  is  not  such  as  immediately  to  carry 
away  the  watery  vapor,  it  at  once  commences 
to  consume  the  vital  and  sugary  part  of  the 
fruit,  by  the  process  of  fermentation,  which  de- 
stroys the  color  and  the  flavor  of  the  fruit,  by 
converting  the  saccharine  element  into  cara- 
mel— burnt  sugar — as  in  sun-drying  or  in  any 
other  slow  method  of  evaporation.  Bv  the  im- 
proved Alden  method  the  saccharine  matter  is 
developed  by  a  rapid  ripening  process  into 
glucose  or  grape  sugar;  the  fruit  is  preserved  in 
its  own  concentrated  juices  and  will  keep  for 
years  in  any  climate;  and  as  every  particle  of 
the  fruit  is  subjected  to  precisely  the  same  con- 
ditions of  heat,  humidity  and  time,  the  products 
have  a  uniformity  of  appearance  and  excellence 
of  quality  not  attainable  in  any  contrivance  in 
which  the  frames  remain  stationary;  so  the 
grand  secret  of  success  in  fruit  drying  consists 
in  moving  the  fruit  in  a  rapid  current  0/ air 
through  the  evaporating  chamber.  To  secure 
such  a  rapid  current  of  air  a  variety  of  methods 
have  been  employed,  but  all  have  failed  to  pro- 
duce satisfactory  results,  except  suction  fans  or 
blowers;  but  as  such  blowers  add  largely  to  the 
cost  and  operating  expenses,  they  can  never  be 
used  economically  except  in  very  large  estab- 
lishments. 

The  improved  Alden  patent  covers  improve- 
ments in  air-heating  furnaces,  hoisting  appar- 
atus, and  a  novel  arrangement  or  system  of 
heat-distributing  and  ventilating  flues,  of  which 
the  following  is  a  brief  description,  references 
being  had  to  the  accompanying  cut:  A  is  the 
heater,  and  is  composed  essentially  of  the  fire- 
box, D;  ash  box,  D' ;  and  double  return  hori- 
zontal pipes,  Q.  There  are  six  such  pipes,  four 
inches  in  diameter,  running  parallel  with  each 
other,  and  the  products  of  combustion  pass 
through  them,  as  shown  by  the  arrows,  and  are 
discharged  into  the  smoke-stack,  O,  at  the  back 


Besides,  the  chains  leave  air  spaces  on  the  sides 
of  the  chamber,  through  which  considerable 
heat  escapes  and  is  lost.  The  new  apparatus  is 
simple,  strong  and  cheap,  and  will  last  for  years. 
It  is  located  on  the  first  floor  (the  old  Alden  is 
op  the  top),  which  is  a  decided  advantage  in 
operating,  aud  allows  a  great  Baving  of  labor 
and  material  in  constructing  the  evaporator. 
The  fruit  frames  are  square  and  fit  closely  the 
sides  of  the  evaporating  chamber,  which  is,  Bay, 
two  inches  larger  from  front  to  back  than  from 
side  to  side.  The  lirst  fruit  frame  is  pushed  in 
to  the  back  wall  of  the  chamber,  and  is  then 
raised  about  live  inches  by  simply  turniug  the 
crank  ;  the  pawis  catch  and  hold  it  while  the 
rack  is  turned  down  to  its  original  place.  The 
next  frame  is  then  pushed  in  so  as  to  rest  against 
the  front  wall  of  the  chamber,  when  the  opera- 
tion is  repeated.  By  this  method  a  space  of, 
say,  two  inches  is  left  between  the  front  and 
back  walls  of  the  chamber  and  the  ends  of  the 
frames,  thus  giving  to  the  heated  air  a  zigzag 
course  over  the  fruit-loaded  frames  in  its  ascent 
through  the  chamber. 

The  object  of  the  heat  distributing  flue,  C,  is 
to  convey  hot  air  from  immediately  above  the 
furnace,  to  be  admitted  into  the  chamber  at  one 
or  more  places  between  the  feed  and  discharge 
doors,  through  openings  in  the  wall  of  said 
chamber,  which  openings  are  provided  with 
regulating  registers.  The  hot  air,  so  admitted, 
will  force  up  and  carry  off  any  moisture  which 
might  otherwise  condense  and  fall  back  on  the 
fruit  in  the  upper  part  of  the  chamber.  The 
original  Alden  has  no  such  heat-distributing 
flues,  and  the  result  is  that  the  fruit  often  ar- 
rives at  the  discharge  door  in  a  wet  and  clammy 
condition  aud  unfit  for  packing  without  further 
drying. 

The  most  valuable  feature  of  the  new  inven- 
tion is  the  flue,  d,  which  connects  the  top  of  the 
chamber  with  the  fire-box  of  the  furnace. 
When  we  state  that  it  has  been  ascertained 
that  the  amount  of  air  required  for  combustion, 
in  one  of  the  furnaces  herein  described,  is  about 
25,000  cubic  feet  per  hour,  all  of  which  is  taken 
from  near  the  top  of  the  chamber  (which  cham- 
ber is  closed  against  the  external  air)  through 
the  flue,  d,  the  great  importance  of  this  system 
of  ventilation  will  be  appreciated  and  need  no 
further  argument.  The  removal  of  such  a  vast 
volume  of  air  produces  a  partial  vacuum  at  the 


THE     IMPROVED    ALDEN    DRIER. 

second,   atmosphere  unimpaired   by   overheat ; 
and  third,  a  durable  pot. 

This  furnace,  with  the  flue,  d,  affords,  also,  a 
most  effective  and  economical  method  of  heating 
and  ventilating  houses.  The  furnace  is  placed 
in  the  basement  with  the  usual  arrangement  of 
hot-air  pipes.  The  fire-box  is  connected  with 
the  apartments  above  the  basement  by  means  of 
the  flue,  d,  and  in  this  way,  perfect  and  cheap 
ventilation  is  secured. 

In  the  old  style  of  heaters,  with  domes  and 
vertical  pipes  (which  cannot  be  cleaned)  only  a 
very  small  portion  of  the  cold  air  admitted  into 
the  area  enclosed  by  the  brick  walls,  comes  in 
contact  with  the  heated  plates,  and  a  large  fire 
is  required  to  produce  the  proper  temperature 
of  the  air  after  admixture  of  its  atoms.  Such 
a  high  heat  is  very  destructive  to  the  furnace 
and^  impairs  the  vitalizing  qualities  of  the  air. 
Besides,  the  old  style  of  heater  has  no  conveni- 
ence for  cleaning  the  pipes  and  dome,  and  all 
know  that  the  accumulation  of  soot  and  dust 
acts  as  a  perfect  non-conductor,  so  that  only  a 
very  small  percentage  of  the  theoretical  heat- 
value  of  the  fuel  is  utilized— the  bulk  escapes 
through  the  smoke  pipe  and  is  lost. 

There  are  several  serious  objections  to  the 
Alden  hoisting  machinery,  aside  from  its  great 
cost.  The  breaking  of  the  lugs,  or  the  slipping 
of  the  endless  chains  (which  happens  often), 
cause  loss  and  great  annoyance,  and  the  wheels 
and  worm  screws  wear  out  in  a  short  timo. 


Wortnlngrton's  Improved  Windmill. 

top,  and,  as  a  consequence,  causes  a  very  rapid 
current  of  hot  air  through  and  over  the  fruit 
frames  in  the  chamber,  a  condition  absolutely 
essential,  as  before  stated,  to  the  attainment  of 
highest  perfection  in  the  art  of  fruit  preserva- 
tion by  pneumatic  evaporation.  It  will  be 
noticed,  too,  that  the  air,  so  supplied  to  the 
combustion  chamber,  is  already  heated,  which 
effects  a  saving  of  fuel. 

The  top  of  the  evaporating  chamber  is  con- 
nected with  the  smoke-pipe  by  the  flue,  /, 
through  which  is  carried  off  considerable  air  by 
the  force  of  draft  or  suction  in  the  smoke-pipe. 

The  thermometer  is  set  into  the  wall  with  the 
bulb  inside  and  the  scale  outside,  as  Bhown,  so 
as  to  ascertain  the  temperature  in  the  chamber 
without  opening  the  feed  door,  as  is  done  in  the 
old  Alden,  admitting  a  large  volume  of  cold  air, 
which  is  very  objectionable.  The  improved 
Alden  evaporator  has  been  in  actual  use  during 
the  past  season,  and  we  are  told  it  has  given 
perfect  satisfaction.  We  are  also  informed  that 
being  conscious  that  business  is  dull  and  money 
scarce,  the  Alden  company  offer  their  new 
evaporator  at  prices  in  accord  with  the  times. 
They  furnish  to  each  purchaser  plans  and  direc- 
tions for  the  erection  and  operation  of  the 
evaporator.  Almost  any  ordinary  two-story 
building  (the  old  Alden  requires  a  three-story 
building)  can  be  cheaply  altered  into  a  service- 
able factory  for  the  large  evaporators,  while  any 
room  or  Bhed  about  the  premises  will  answer 


for  the  family  size.  No  skilled  labor  or  high 
salaried  superintendent  will  be  necessary  to 
erect  or  operate  the  new  evaporators.  They 
have  been  sent  to  Australia,  Utah  and  other 
distant  places,  and  no  complaint  has  been  made. 
'1'ho  company  are  doing  a  good  public  work  in 
giving  detailed  directions  for  preparing  fruits, 
vegetables,  hopB,  beef,  etc.,  before  placing  the 
same  in  the  evaporators,  and  for  packing  and 
marketing  the  products.  We  can  only  say  here, 
in  a  general  way,  that  it  is  very  important  that 
all  articles,  especially  fruits  with  white  meat, 
such  as  apples,  pears,  etc.,  should  be  placed  in 
the  evaporator  as  soon  as  possible,  after  being 
pared,  to  prevent  oxidation.  Cut  articles,  al- 
lowed to  accumulate  and  to  be  exposed  to  the 
atmosphere,  will  soon  lose  their  color,  which  no 
art  can  restore.  To  prevent  such  discoloration 
— browning — it  is  only  necessary  to  exclude  the 
oir  and  light,  and  the  simplest  process  is  to  drop 
Buch  articles,  as  soon  as  sliced,  into  a  vessel  of 
fresh  water  impregnated  with  a  Bmall  quantity 
of  any  acid — tartaric  acid  is  cheap  and  quite 
harmless.  Or,  the  articles  may  be  subjected, 
for  a  few  moments,  to  the  vapors  of  sulphur, 
coke,  or  any  other  substance  possessing  similar 
bleaching  properties.  These  methods  are  much 
cheaper  and  more  convenient  than  the 
Becret  "bleaching"  and  "  antiseptic  processes," 
brought  before  the  public,  many  of  which  are 
!  objectionable,  because  it  is  claimed  "they 
diminish  the  nutritious  quality  and  impair  the 
taste  of  the  fruit  and  injure  the  teeth  and  the 
I  digestive  organs." 

The  new  Alden  evaporator  is  furnished  in 
three  sizes,  of  capacities  ranging  from  40  to  300 
bushels  of  apples  per  day,  aud  other  fruits  and 
vegetables  iu  proportion,  at  prices  about  400% 
below  those  heretofore  charged  for  Alden  ma- 
chines. The  former  price  of  an  Alden  machine 
of  capacity  of  100  bushels  per  day  was  §1,500, 
including  royalty  ;  the  present  price  of  one 
of  the  new  machines  of  same  capacity  is 
$400,  including  royalty.  To  show,  still  further, 
the  great  reduction  in  cost  of  machinery  and 
building,  the  company  refer  to  the  first  Alden 
factory  started  in  California,  which  had  five 
machines  and  cost  §15,000.  Now  they  are 
ready  to  contract  to  erect  a  factory  of  larger 
capacity  for  §3,500,  including  royalty,  and  fur- 
nish everything  (except  the  land)  complete 
and  ready  for  operation.  The  building  they 
promise  shall  be  substantial  and  of  sufficient 
dimensions  for  a  factory  of  such  capacity.  The 
fruit  frames  shall  have  galvanized  wire  cloth, 
and  the  heater  and  all  the  apparatus  Bhall  be 
well  made  and  of  the  best  material.  The  prod- 
ucts will  be  superior,  under  proper  manage- 
ment, and  as  they  may  be  placed  on  the  market 
under  the  Alden  brand,  they  will  have  the  ben- 
efit of  the  prestige  enjoyed  by  the  Alden  goods, 
to  which  we  have  alluded,  and  may  also  meet 
the  demand  for  army  and  navy  contracts  which 
are  now  restricted  to  this  class  of  dried  fruit. 
The  new  Alden  machines  are  being  introduced 
to  the  public  by  the  Alden  Fruit  Company, 
room  20,  No.  32S  Montgomery  street,  S.  F. 

A  New  Windmill. 

In  the  making  of  windmills  as  of  books  there 
is  no  end;  and  so  long  as  the  inventors  and 
manufacturers  bring  out  good  points  and  lessen 
the  cost  of  their  machines,  the  public  interest  is 
served.  It  is  our  practice  to  give  notes  and  en- 
gravings of  these  new  devices,  in  order  that  all 
our  readers  may  know  what  is  in  the  wind. 

The  windmill  shown  in  the  engraving  on  thifl 
page,  is  called  "  Worthington  s  Improved. " 
The  improvement  has  been  patented  by  War- 
ren D.  Parson,  who  was  the  inventor  of  the  cel- 
ebrated "Colorado  wind  engine,"  which  is 
widely  known.  In  the  Worthington  improved 
mill  it  is  claimed  that  simplicity  and  cheapness 
have  been  combined,  with  sound  principles  and 
practical  working  qualities. 

The  inventor  claims  especial  merit  for  the 
regulating  features  of  the  mill.  An  ingenious 
device,  in  the  form  of  a  regulating  weight, 
causes  the  wheel  to  be  extremely  sensitive  to 
start  out  of  the  wind.  As  it  goes  out  of  the 
wind  the  weight  is  compounded,  offering 
greater  resistance  the  farther  out  it  goes.  Thus 
the  disposition  which  this  class  of  mills  have  to 
stay  in  the  wind  too  long,  and  to  go  out  too  far 
when  they  do  start,  is  counteracted. 

The  motion  to  the  pump-rod  is  communicated 
from  a  common  crank  in  such  a  manner  that  the 
pump-rod  moves  straight  up  and  down  through 
the  turn  table,  which  is  small  and  has  but 
little  friction.  The  wheel  is  balanced  well  ou  the 
tower  by  the  vane.  The  bed  plate,  carrying 
the  wheel  and  weather  vane,  is  supported  by  a 
peculiar  truss,  which  obviates  the  tendency  to 
sag,  causing  the  wheel  and  vane  to  always 
maintain  their  original  positions.  The  inventor 
claims  that  his  mill  can  be  more  cheaply  manu- 
factured  than  any  other  reliable  mill  in  the 
market.  He  ,ie  manufacturing  the  mills  at  No. 
1,364  San  Pablo  avenue,  Oakland,  Cal.,  and 
informs  us  that  he  desires  to  sell  county  and 
State  rights  of  his  device.  The  mill  is  repre- 
sented in  San  Francisco  by  D.  W.  Grant  &  Co., 
No.  Ill  Washington  street. 

Personal. — One  of  our  publishers,  Mr.  A.  T. 
Dewey  has  left  us  for  a  two  weeks'  jaunt  in  the 
northern  part  of  the  State.  He  goes  for  busi- 
ness and  recreation,  and  we  trust  the  ingredi- 
ents may  be  mingled  in  a  comfortable  ratio. 

There  are  70  ships  on  the  English  stocks 
and  shipyards  being  fitted  for  the  transporta- 
tion of  American  live  stock. 


258 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[April  ig,  1879. 


Scientific  Press 


Our  U.  S.  and  Foreign  Patent 
Agency  presents  many  and  im- 
portant advantages  as  a  Home 
Agency  over  all  others,  by  rea- 
son of  long  establishment,  great 
experience,  thorough  system  and 
intimate  acquaintance  with  the 
subjects  of  inventions  in  our 
new  community.  All  worthy  in- 
ventions patented  through  our 
Agency  will  have  the  benefit  of 
a  description  or  an  illustration 
and  explanation  in  the  Mining 
and  Scientific  Press  or  the  Pa- 
cific Rural  Press.  We  trans- 
act every  branch  of  Patent  busi- 
ness, and  obtain  Patents  in  all 
civilized  countries.  The  large 
majority  of  U.  S.  and  Foreign 
Patents  granted  to  inventors  on 
the  Pacific  Coast  have  been  ob- 
tained through  our  Agency.  The 
files  of  cases  and  official  records 
in  our  office,  our  patent  law  and 
scientific  library  (already  the  lar 
gest  west  of  the  Mississippi),  are 
constantly  increasing.  These  fa- 
cilities, with  the  accumulation  of 
information  of  special  importance 
to  our  home  inventors,  by  the 
experience  of  its  proprietors  in 
an  extensive  and  long  continued 
personal  practice,  gives  them 
combined  advantages  greater 
than  any  other  agents  can  possi- 
bly offer  to  Pacific  Coast  invent- 
ors. We  can  give  the  best  and 
most  reliable  advice  as  to  the 
patentability  of  new  inventions. 
Advice  and  Circulars  Free.  Our 
prices  are  as  low  as  any  first-class 
agencies   in  the  Eastern  States. 

DEWEY  &    CO., 

Patent   Solicitors 
No.  202  Sansome  St.,  S.  F. 


The  Explorers',    Miners'  and 
Metallurgists'  Companion. 

Comprising  a  Practical  Exposition  of  the  Va- 
rious Departments   of  Exploration, 
Mining,  Engineering,  Assaying, 
and  Metallurgy, 
Containing  672  Pages  and  S3  Engravings 
BY  J.  S.  PHILLIPS,  M.  E., 

Of  California,  a  Practical  Operator   for  Thirty.ei°-ht 

Years;  Explorer,  and  Resident  in  the  Pacific  States 

and  Territories  for  the  past  Twelve  Years. 

PRICE— hound  in  cloth,  §10. 60;  in  leather,  S12.  •  For- 
,  warded  by  mail  for  60c.  extra,  at  the  Mining  and  Sci- 
l  kntific  Psebs  Office,  by  DEWEY  &  CO. 


SAVE    YOUR    GOLD  ! 

Highly  Important  to  Miners  and  Quartz  Mill  Men! 

SILVER    PLATED    AMALGAMATING    PLATES. 

The  best  process  yet  discovered  for  saving  line  or  float  gold.  Extensively  used  with  great 
success  in  gravel  and  placer  mining  in  various  parts  of  the  Pacific  Coast.  Over  five  hundred 
orders  have  been  filled,  and  the  demand  is  constantly  increasing.  A  large  number  of  these  Plates 
were  sent  to  Snake  River  mines,  Idaho,  last  year,  and  a  great  many  orders  are  being  filled  for 
them  this  season.  Circulars  containing  full  instructions  for  working  these  Plates  sent  with  each 
order.  Old  Mining  Plates  bought  or  taken  in  exchange  for  new  Silver  Plated  Plates,  and  full 
value  allowed.  Gold  extracted  from  old  Plates  at  a  moderate  cost  by  a  new  and  economical  pro- 
cess.    Old  Plates  (which  often  contain  a  surplus  of  gold  above  the  cost  of  plating)  can  be  re-plated. 

With  the  most  extensive  facilities  on  the  Pacific  Coast,  orders  can  be  filled  very  promptly 
and  satisfaction  guaranteed. 

Mining  Men  and,  the  public  generally  are  cautioned  against  unprincipled  and.  irre- 
sponsible parties  traveling  through  the  country,  endeavoring  to  secure  orders  for  very 
inferior  qualities  of  Silver  Plated.  Mining  Plates. 

SAN  FRANCISCO  GOLD,  SILVER,  NICKEL  AND  COPPER  PLATING  WORKS, 

Nos.   653   and   655  Mission   Street,   San   Francisco,   Cal. 
EDWARD    G.    DENNISTON, PROPRIETOR. 


FRANCIS  SMITH  &  CO., 


c/> 


Manufacturers  of 


THE    PATENT    CHANNEL   IRON    WHEELBARROWS.       m 

THE  STRONGEST  BAREOW  MADE.    These  Barrows  are  made  by  Superior  Workmen,  and      ™ ™ ■ 
of  the  best  material.    All  sizes  kept  constantly  on  hand.  ^^ 


ec 


CO 


SHEET   IRON    PIPE. 

Lap-Welded  Pipe,  all  Sizes,  from  Three  to  Six  Inches.    Artesian  Well  Pipe. 
Also,  Galvanized  Iron  Boilers,  from  25  to  100  Gallons. 
Iron  Cut,  Punched,  and  Formed  for  making  Pipe  on  ground,  where  required.    All  kinds  of  Tools 
supplied  for  making  Pipes.    Estimates  given  when  required.     Are  prepared  for  coating  all   Bize  of 
Pipes  with  a  composition  of  Coal  Tar  and  Asphaltum. 

Office  and  Manufactory,  130  Beale  Street,  San  Francisco. 


George  Sp&uldiag. 


Harrison  Barto. 

ilbin*.  Bam; 


Solon  E.  WillliOM. 


JVb.    did    Cla.it  Strjeet, 


North  Side, 

Above  Battery, 


\m\  ^ranqi§§c. 


Boswell  Fruit  Drier. 

Operated  by  Deflected  Heat. 

STANDARD    SIZE, 

Capacity,  500  lbs. 
PRICE,  $75. 

A  Cheap  and  handy  Drying 
Machine,  within  the  reach  of 
every  farmer  and  fruit-raiser, 
with  which  they  can  dry  then- 
own  fruits  at  home,  without 
extra  help  and  at  very  small 
expense  Fruit  can  be  taken 
dead  ripe  and  successfully 
dried  in  the  BoBwell,  because 
the  atmosphere  in  which  it  is 
dried  isheated  by  deflected 

HEAT  AND  RETAINS  ALL  THE  OXYGEN  IN  ITS  PURE  STATE, 

which  is  as  essential  .for  preserving  the  fruit  as  for  its  growth 
and  maturity  on  the  tree;  besides,  the  entire  nutriment  and 
flavor  are  retained.  Fruit  dried  in  the  Boswell  will  gain  from 

20    TO    40    PER.    CENT.    IN    WEIOHT    and   30    TER    CENT.  IN 

quality  over  any  other  method.        Also, 

COMMERCIAL    DRIERS, 

"With  capacity  for  drying  from  1,000  TO  4,000  pounds,  at 
special  rates.       Also 

Boswell's  Heater,  Cooker  and  Drier 

Combined  for  family  use.    And 

Boswell's  Pure  Air  Heater, 

In  cabinet,  iron  or  marble  case,  any  size,  for  heating  public 
Buildings,  Hotels,  Halle,  School  Houses,  Churches,  Hospi- 
tals. Railroad  Oars.  .Stoves,  Offices,  Private  Residences,  etc. 
"Will  heat  evenly  the  entire  building  with  pure  air,  and 
with  one-third  the  quantity  of  FDELrequired  in  any  other 
Heater.        Send  for  price  list  and  circulars  to  the 

BOSWELL  PURE  AIR  HEATER  CO., 

No.  606  Montgomery  Street,  San  Francisco. 


WASHING!  WASHING! 


PACIFIC    POWER    CO. 

Room  with,  steam  power  to  let  in  the 
Pacific  Power  Co.'s  new  brick  building, 
Stevenson  street,  near  Market.  Eleva- 
tor in  building.  Apply  at  the  Com- 
pany's office,  202  Sansome  St.,  room  7. 


OFFICE   TO   LET. 

Inquire  of  DEWEY  &  CO.,  No.  202   Sansome    Street. 
San  Francisco. 


RARE    CHANCE. 

For  sale  or  to  lease,  a  .two-thirds  interest  in  a  good  pay 
ing  country  newspaper.    Address  "Liberal,"  this  office 


Prices  Reduced!  Prices  Reduced! 


La  Grande  Laundry, 

13th  Street,  Between  Folsom  and  Howard. 
PRINCIPAL  OFFICE, 

648  Market  Street,   S.  F. 

Office  open  from  7  a,  m.  to  9  p.  m.  Saturdays  to  11  p.  m. 
Washing  called  for  and  delivered  to  any  part  of  the  city 
free  of  charge. 

All  orders  receive  prompt  attention.  For  circular  and 
price  List  apply  at  the  Office, 

648  Market  St.,  San  Francisco. 


WANTED-$10,G00. 

For  $10,000  cash  in  hand  I  will  give  a  one-half  interest 
in  the  BLUE  JAY  and  ELEPHANT  QUARTZ  mines, 
situated  in  the  French  Creek  Mining  District,  Siskiyou 
County,  Cal.  And  I  will  take  or  give  a  lease  on  said 
mines,  and  pay  or  receive  eight  per  cent,  on  the  amount 
invested.  For  further  particulars  apply  to  H.  C.  Cory, 
Etna  Mills,  Siskiyou  County,  California. 


FOR    SALE.— 16-horse  Engine  8-inch   by    16-inch 
bore,  with  20-horse  boiler.    Hot  water  pump.    Every- 
thing necessary  to  set  it  to  running.    Price,  §1,000.    At 
Jackson's  Agricultural  Machine  Works,  S.  E.   corner  6th  I 
and  Bluxome  Sts. ,  San  Francisco.  *■ 


ARTESIAN 

AND 

SURFACE 

Weil-Boring 

TOOLS. 

Manufactured  by  the 

Rust  Well  Auger 

COMPANY, 
OF    MACON,    MO. 

AUiiERS  and  AJ  RILLS  from  best  wrought 
;ron  and  steel.  Shafting  is  2-inch  gas  pipe. 
Couplings  are  round  plugs  fitted  insido  the 
I  pipe.  Drills  fitted  for  rope  or  pole.  All 
tools  warranted,  and  sold  "for  less  money 
than  can  be  got  elsewhere. 
Send  for  Circular.  O.    RTJST,  Macon,  Mo. 


tetes  birectory. 


WM.    BARTLING.  HENRY  KIMBALL 

BARTLING    &    KIMBALL, 
BOOKBINDERS, 

Paper  Rulers  &  Blank  Book  Manufacturers. 
505  Clay  Street,  (southwest  corner  Sansome), 

SAN  FRANCISCO. 


San  Francisco  Cordage  Company. 

Established    1856. 

We  have  just  added  a  large  amount  of  new  machinery  of 
the  latest  and  most  improved  kind,  and  are  again  prepared 
to  fill  orderB  for  Rope  of  any  special  lengths  and  sizes.  Con- 
stantly on  hand  a  large  stock  of  Manila  Rope,  all  sizes: 
Tarred  Manila  Rope;  Hay  Rope;  Whale  Line,,  etc  ,  etc. 

TUBBS    &    CO., 
611  and  613  Front  Street,  San  Francisco 


JOHN    A.    CHURCH, 
MINING    ENGINEER, 


COLUMBUS,  OHIO. 


O.    L.   GILLER, 
SEAL    ENGRAVER    AND    DIE    SINKER, 

No.  430  MONTGOMERY  STREET,  S.  P. 

The  best  Work  done  on  the  most  reasonable  terms  on 
the  Coast. 


TJSTTIR,-^1! !  I 

IT    PAYS 

Three  to  Four  Per  Cent,  per  day 

—  TO  — 

gXover  Boilers,  Pipes  and  Drums  with 


USE 


LIQUID  PAINTS,  R00FINS,  BOILER  COVERINGS, 

Steam  Packing,  Sheathlngs,  Fire  Proof  Coatings,  Cements, 


SEND  FOR  SAM 


ILLUSTRATED  PAMPHLET  AND  PRlOS  LIST. 


H.W.JOHNS  M'F'G  Co.,  87MAIDEN  LANE.N.Y. 

PACIFIC  COAST  BRANCH, 

FJIED  M.  PATRICK,  Manager, 

5  First  Street,  Sara  ITranoisoa. 


CAUTION 

To  Hydraulic  Miners. 

The  public  generally  and  Hydraulic  Miners  especially 
are  hereby  notified  that  any  parties  making  or  using  the 
contrivance  known  as  the  HOSKIN  DEFLECTOR  will  be 
prosecuted  to  the  full  extent  of  the  law,  said  machine 
having  been  declared  by  the  U.  S.  Circuit  Court  an  in- 
fringement upon  my  patent,  the 

Bloomfield  Deflecting  Nozzle. 

The  public  are  also  cautioned  against  using  the  Hoskin 
Deflector  because  of  its  danger  to  life  and  limb,  this  do 
vice  having  already  occasioned  several  deaths  and  other 
serious  accidents.  The  BLOOMFIELD  DEFLECTOR  is 
entirely  safe,  its  two  and  a  half  years  use  without  acci- 
dent, as  well  as  its  construction,  proves  it  to  be  a  reliable 
contrivance. 

Any  parties  wishing  to  purchase  the  right  to  use  these 
Deflectors  can  do  so  by  applying  to  the  undersigned, 

HENRY  C.  PERKINS, 
North  Bloomfield,  Nevada  Co.,  Oal.,  Octo- 
ber 1st,  1878. 


r  palace  t1 
estauran! 


This  elegant  and  spa 
ciouB  S.  F.  Restaurant 
has  been  re-opened  with 
superior  bill  of  fare  dai- 

Good  Living  at 
Reduced  Prices 

ly,  and  is  now  the  best 
andmost  popular  dining 
~  saloon  on  this  Coast. 
[Lunch  ready  at  10  A.  M.]  Resident  business  men  and  visi- 
tors from  abroad  will  be  wise  in  giving  this  place  an  earl, 
call.    Examine  bill  of  fare  and  prices. 

HERMAN  H.  HOEST,  Prop*. 


218  Sansome  St. 


PETERSON  &  0LSS0N, 
MODEL    MAHEES. 

INVENTORS 

Will  find  it  to  their  advantage  to  call  on  us  at  328  BUSH 
STKEET,  bet  Montgomery  and  Kearny  (up-stairs,)  S.  EJ 


April  19,  1879.J 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS 


259 


Metallurgy  apd  Ores, 

Nevada    Metallurgical    Works, 

Ne.  23  STEVENSON  STREET, 

Near  First  u:nl  Market  Street*. 

Oreo  worked  by  any  process. 

Ores  sampled. 

Assaying  in  all  its  branches. 

Analysis  of  Ores,  Minerals,  Waters,  etc 

Working  tests  made. 

Plans  furnished  for  the  most  suitable  process 
lor  working  Ores. 

Special  attention  paid  to  Examinations  of 
Mines;  plans  and  reports  furnished. 

E.  HUHN, 

C.  A.  LUCKHARDT, 
Mining  Engineers  and  Metallurgists 


JOHN  TAYLOR  &  CO., 

Importer*  of  and  Dealers  in 

ASSAYERS'   MATERIALS, 

CHEMICAL  APPARATUS  AND  CHEMICALS,  DRUG- 
GISTS' GLASSWARE  AND  SUNDRIES,  Etc. 

612  &  518  Washington  St.,  San  Francisco 

We  would  call  the  special  attention  of  Assayers,  Chem- 
Ilia,  Mining  Companies,  Milling  Companies,  Prospectors, 
etc.,  to  our  etock  of  Clay  Crucibles,  Mulflea,  Dry  Cups, 
etc.,  manufactured  by  the  Patent  Plumbago  Cruci- 
ble Co..  of  London,  England,  for  which  we  have 
been  made  SoU:  Agents  for  the  Pacific  Coant.  Circulars 
with  prices  will  be  sent  upon  application. 

A  ley,  to  our  large  and  well  adapted  stock  of 

Assayers'  Materials  &  Chemical  Apparatus, 

Having  been  engaged   in  furnishing  these  supplies  since 
the  first  discovery  of  mines  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 

tSTOur  Gold  and  Silver  Tables,  showing  the  value  per 
ounce  Troy  at  different  degTees  of  fineness,  and  valuable 
tables  for  compulation  of  assays  in  grains  and  grammes, 
will  bo  sent  free  upon  application. 

JOHN    TAYLOR    &    CO. 


ELECTRIC   LIGHT. 

BRUSH     PATENT. 
The  Best,  Cheapest,  Cleanest,  and  Most  Powerful  Light  in  the  World. 

.In  daily  use  at  the  Palace  Hotel  and  the  Union  Iron  Works.  S.  F. 

-L 


LEOPOLD   KUH, 

(Formerly  of  the  U.  S.  Branch  Mint,  8.  F.) 

Assayer   and    Metallurgical    Chemist, 

No.  611  COMMERCIAL  STREET, 
(Between  Montgomery  and  Kearny,) 

San  Frascisco.  Cal. 


OTTOKAR  HOFMANN, 
METALLURGIST  and  MINING  ENGINEER, 

415  Mission  St.,  bet.  First  and  Fremont  Streets, 
SAN    FRANCISCO. 
tfSTErection  of  Leaching    Works  a  Specialty. 
jtSTLeachine:  Tests  made. 


The    Miners'    Assay   Office, 

N.   E.   Corner   of  the   Plaza, 
PRESCOTT,       -      -      -       -       ARIZONA. 

Assays  of  Silver,  $1.50.    Gold  and  Silver.   $2.    Other  Ores 
at  corresponding  rates.     All  assays  guaranteed. 
Gold  and  Silver  melted  into  Bars.     Working  Tests  made. 
j&fTMines  examined,  sales  negotiated,  etc. 

W.  H.   WILLISCRAFT, 
P.  O.  Box  153.  Preacott,  Arizona. 

THOS.  PRICE'S 

Assay    Office    and    Chemical 
Laboratory, 

524  Sacramento  St.,  S.  F. 


G.  F.  Deetkbs.  Wm.  E.  Smitii. 

PIONEER  REDUCTION  WORKS, 

Channel  Street,  off  foot  of  Fourth,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Highest  price  paid  for  Sulphurate  Arseniurets,  Tellurides 
and  Gold  Ores  generally. 

Careful  attention  paid  to  practical  working  tests  on  a 
large  scale  of  Gold-bearing  Quartz  and  ores  of  a  refractory 
and  sulphureted  nature. 

Will  examine,  report  on,  and  survey  mining  properties. 


METALLURGICAL    WORKS, 

STRONG    &    CO.,   10  Stevenson   Street, 

ORES  SAMPLED,  TESTED,  ASSAYED. 


GU  IDO     KUSTEL, 

MINING  ENGINEER  and  METALLURGIST. 

P.    O     Address:    ALAMEDA.     CAL. 


Awarded  highest  prise  at  Cenfenninl  Exposition  for 
fine  chewing  qualities  and  excellence  and  tailing  char> 
acler  of  ffweetfiing  and  flavoring.  Tho  best  tobacco 
ever  made.  As  our  blue  strip  trade-mark  is  cloEely 
Imitated  on  inferior  Roods,  see  that  Jackson's  Best  la 
oa  every  Ding'.  Sold  by  all  dealers.  Send  for  sample, 
free,  to  Cf  i,  Jackson  &  Co.,  Mfrs.,  Petersburg,  v* 

L.  &E.  WERTHHELMER,  Ag'ts,  San  Francisco. 


Engraving  done  at  this  office, 


Parties  desiring  Electric  Light  for  Halls,  Shops,  Docks,  Mills, 
Streets  and  Mines,  are  invited  to  send  us  full  particulars  regarding 
the  buildings,  rooms  or  places  to  be  lighted,  including  dimensions, 
character  of  walls  and  ceilings,  amount  of  available  power  and  itB 
location,  amount  of  light  now  used,  character  of  work  being  done, 
length  of  time  light  will  be  needed  continuously,  etc. 

With  these  items  before  us,  we  will  make  a  proposition  to  furnish 
a  COMPLETE  OUTFIT  OF  ELECTRIC  LIGHT,  put  it  in  perfect 
working  order  and  guarantee  its  success  and  permanence.     Address  all  communications, 

S.  F.  TELEGRAPH  SUPPLY  CO., 

WM.    KERR,    President, 

San    Francisco,   Cal. 


Ingersoll  Rock  Drills. 


In  use  in   the    largest   and  best 
Mines  of  the  Coast. 

HAS    AUTOMATIC  FEED. 

Has  less  Repairs. 

Is  Lighter  and  more  Easily  Ad- 
justed than  any  other  Drill. 
Our  DRY  AIR  COMPRESSORS  are  the  most  Economical  Compressors  in  the  Market. 

MINERS'  HORSE-POWER. 


Machinery. 


C.  H.  Eyax« 


THOMSON   &   EVAHS, 

(Successors  to  Thomson  A:  Parker.); 

Engineers  and  Machinists. 


This  Power  Ib  especially  adapted  to  working  mines,   hoist 
ing  coal  or  building  material,  etc.    It  will  do  tke  work  of  a 
Steam  Engine  with  one-tenth  the  expense.    One  Horse  ca 
easily  hoist  over  1,000  pounds  at  a  depth  of  500  feet. 

The  Power  is  mainly  built  of  wrought  iron,  and  cannot  be 
affected  by  exposure.  The  hoiBting-drum  is  thrown  out  of 
gear  by  the  lever,  while  the  load  is  held  In  place  with  a  brake 
by  the  man  tending  bucket.  The  frame  of  tho  Power  is 
bolted  to  bed-timbers,  thus  avoiding  all  frame  work.  When 
required  these  Powers  are  made  In  sections  for  packing. 


REYNOLDS,    RIX   &   CO.,  18  &  20   Fremont  St.,  San  Francisco. 


Steam  Pumps,  Steam  Engines,  Hoisting, 

Pumping,  Quartz  Mill,  Mining,  Saw 

Mill   Machinery,   Specialties. 

Plan,  and  Specifications  for  Machinery  furnished.    Re- 
pairing promptly  attended  to. 

110  &  112  Beale  St.,  San  Francisco. 

FOB    S^LIE. 


SEVERAL  SECOND-HAND 

PORTABLE   ENGINES 

FOE  SALE  CHEAP. 

Sizea,  from  eight   horee-power   to  twenty-five  horse- 
power.   IN  PERFECT  RUNNING  ORDER.    Apply  to 

JOSEPH  ENRIGHT, 

San  Jose,  California, 


-y  'r  STEAM  ENCINES, ?""*- 

BERRY  &  PLACE, 

—  SAN.FRANCISCO,CAL.~— 

_   CIRCULARS  SENT  FREE  TD  A  LI 


THE  IMPROVED  0'HARRA 

0HL0RIDIZING  FUMACE. 

Patented  Sept.  10th,  1878. 

Now  in  Operation  at  the  Extra  Mining  Co.'s 
Works,  Copper  City,  Shasta  Co.,  Cal. 

Two  men  and  two  cords  of  wood  roast 

forty  Tons  of  Ore  in  Twenty-four  Hours, 

Giving  a  full  chlorination  (100%)  at  a  cost  of  30  cents  per 
on.     Address, 

O'HARBA    &    FERGUSON, 
Furnaceville,  Shasta  Co.,  Cal 
Or  CHAS.  W.  CRANE,  Agent, 

Room  10,  Safe  Deposit  Building,  San  Francisco. 


Address,  FBASER,  CHALMERS  «fc  CO..  Chiuauo,  111. 


D.  F   HUTCHINGS. 


D.  M.  DU1TNE. 


J.  SANDERSON 


ZFUCEItSriX:    OIL    ^ATOI^IKIS, 

HUTCHINGS     &     CO., 

OIL    and    COMMISSION    MERCHANTS, 

Manufacturers  and  Dealers  in  Sperm,  Whale,  Lard,  Machinery  and  Illuminating  Oils. 
517    FRONT   STREET     SAN    FRANCISCO. 


Mining     Books. 

Orders  for  agricultural  and  scientific  books  in  general 
be  supplied  through  this  office  at  published  rates. 


.£jlS|       DR.    LIBBEY, 

'"Sfi?  DENTIST, 

N.   W.   Corner  Kearny  and  Geary  Streets, 
Entrance  on  Qeary  Streoet,         SAN  FR  ANCISCO,  CAL  ] 


J.  S.  PHILLIPS,  in.  e., 

Consulting  Engineer  §  Metallurgist, 
Examiner  of  Mines  and  Assayer, 

702    CALIFORNIA     STREET. 

Author  of—  --■«■-  San  Fbanohco. 

The  Explorers',  Miners'  and  Metallurgists'  Companion, 

672  pages,  83  Illustrations,  (2d  Edition.)    Price 3  10  50 

The  Prospector's  "  Wee  Pet "  Assayer,  (Patented) 100  00 

The  Testing  Machine  for  Gold,  Silver,  Lead,  etc 40  00 

The  "Little  Wonder"  8e  If -calculating  Sample  and 

Button  Weifrher,  (Patented) 25  00 

Blow-pipista'  Pocket  Laboratory  of  Tools,  Fluxes,  etc.    50  00 

Vest  Pocket  Blowpipe 3  00 

CHARGES.— Assaying,  §3;  Testing,  $2  per  metal 

Assaying  and  Testing  Taught. 


PRINTER'S   PROOF  PRESS, 

COMPLETE    AND    IN    GOOD    WORKING    ORDER, 

For  Sale  at  this  office, 
AT   THE    LOW    PRICE    OF   $37-60. 

£3TCall  and  see  it.""Q3l 


T.  MOORECROFT, 

Stone  Seal  Engraver. 

THURLOW    BLOCK, 

Room  28,  126  Kearny  St. .  Cor.  Sutter,  San  Francisco. 

Coats  of  Arms,  Crests,  Monograms  and  Ma- 
sonic Inscriptions  Carefully  Engraved. 


260 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[April  ig,   1879. 


[Continued  from  page  253.  ] 

been  obtained  from  tbem.  The  Hogdon  shows  a  well-de- 
fined ledge. 

Test  Paiicte. — Matters  at  Tem  Pahute  look  well,  and 
work  is  progressing:  satisfactorily.  The  Wyandotte  ledge 
shows  an  average  width  of  about  10  ft,  and  is  splendidly 
defined  at  the  greatest  depth  reached  by  the  inclines.  The 
ore  is  above  the  average  of  silver-bearing  ores.  Mr.  Killen 
hag  no  doubt  that  the  Eastern  purchasers  have  a  valuable 
property.  Talk  is  that  the  company  will  erect  a  mill  as 
soon  as  a  supply  of  water  can  be  obtained. 

Miscellaneous. -—The  Jackson  are  hoisting  their  usual 
amount  of  ore,  and  the  mine  is  improving  as  the  work 
proceeds.  Some  of  the  directors  in  San  Francisco  are  ex- 
pected shortly.  They  come  for  the  purpose  of  inspecting 
the  mine.  A  largo  ore  dump  has  been  built  at  the  Phenix 
and  the  work  of  hoisting  ore  will  be  shortly  commenced. 
The  recent  strike  in  this  mine  has  caused  a  rise  in  its 
stock  in  the  San  Francisco  market.  At  the  K.  K.  they  are 
engaged  in  cutting  out  the  80C  station,  and  when  finished, 
prospecting  will  begin  on  this  level.  The  force  has  lately 
been  increased,  and  a  large  number  of  men  are  engaged  in 
prospecting  and  sloping  ore  on  the  upper  levels.  The 
working  force  of  the  Richmond  has  also  been  increased. 
An  average  of  180  tons  of  ore  is  shipped  daily.  A  large 
reservoir  is  being  built  above  the  Albion  hoisting  works, 
to  be  used  in  case  of  fire.  Some  high-grade  ore  has  been 
taken  out  of  the  Alexandria  mine  during  the  past  week. 
Their  incline  is  now  160  ft  deep,  and  is  following  the  ledge, 
which  dips  at  an  angle  of  about  65°.  The  Eureka  tunnel 
is  now  in  635  ft,  and  crystallized  lime  and  ledge  matter  ap- 
pears in  the  face.  Recent  assays  yielded  §300  per  ton. 
Work  has  been  commenced  on  the  Wales  Con.,  and  is  be- 
ing pushed  forward  vigorously.  The  sum  of  §35,000  was 
paid  by  the  Eureka  Con.  for  labor  during  the  month  of 
March.  Mr.  H.  T.  Hoadley  reports  that  the  Tybo  Con. 
is  running  along  as  usual.  The  Fourth  of  July  has  liqui- 
dated all  its  indebtedness.  Work  will  soon  be  com- 
menced, with  Mr.  Thomas  as  superintendent. 

MOUNT  ROSE  DISTRICT. 

The  North  Mammoth.  —  Silver  State,  April  12:  The 
North  Mammoth  mine,  in  Mount  Rose  district,  recently 
incorporated  in  San  Francisco,  is  proving  to  be  valuable 
property.  There  are  ei^ht  men  at  work  on  the  mine  at 
present.  They  are  sinking  a  shaft  on  the  vein  and  un- 
covering the  ledge  north  and  south  from  the  shaft.  The 
lead  is  from  three  to  four  ft  wide,  and  the  ore  assays  §25 
in  gold  and  §80  in  silver  to  the  ton.  The  company  intend 
sinking  to  an  indefinite  depth,  and  the  object  in  uncover- 
ing the  vein  is  to  trace  it  down  the  mountain  to  a  point 
where  a  tunnel  can  be  run  in  on  the  ledge  at  a  depth  of 
400  or  500  ft  below  the  croppings  on  the  summit. 

The  Miner's  Delight. — This  mine  has  a  vein  somewhat 
over  three  ft  in  thickness  on  the  surface,  and  a  shaft  sunk 
to  a  depth  of  85  ft.  Within  the  past  few  days  they  en- 
countered a  body  of  ore  at  the  bottom  of  the  shaft,  which, 
from  certificates  of  assay,  ranges  from  §100  to  §628  per 
ton. 

REESE  RIVER  DISTRICT. 

Western  Wye. — Grantsville  Sim,  April  9:  In  the  1st 
and  2d  levels  of  the  Alexander  mine  men  are  at  work 
stoping.  Large  bodies  of  ore  in  these  levels  are  piled  up 
waiting  to  be  conveyed  by  the  car  to  the  mill.  On  the 
track  floor  between  the  2d  and  3d  levels,  the  amount  of 
ore  in  sight  is  very  large.  In  the  4th  level,  work  in  the 
crosscut  is  progressing  finely,  about  14  ft  having  been  run. 
The  crosscut  is  in  good  sulphuret  ore. 

ARIZONA. 

Globe  District. — Silver  Belt,  April  12:  The  owners  of 
the  Independence  are  timbering  the  drift;  are  satisfied 
with  developments.  The  Alice  is  improving  in  quantity 
and  quality  of  ore.  In  the  southwest  extension  of  the 
Alice,  at  a  depth  of  32  ft,  fair  ore  has  been  developed.  A 
new  discovery,  on  Eagle  creek,  of  ore-bearing  copper  and 
silver.  The  ledge  is  reported  from  10  to  12  ft  wide,  and 
assays  have  been  made  from  it  which  gives  from  §200  to 
§300  in  silver.  The  La  Plata  mine,  in  Richmond  basin,  is 
looking  splendid.  The  shaft  on  the  main  ledge  is  now 
down  35  ft,  with  three  and  one-half  ft  of  ore  in  width, 
which  will  average  §200  per  ton. 

Important  if  True. — Sentinel,  April  12:  Castle  Dome 
landing  reports  that  water  has  been  struck  in  the  Arkan- 
saw  shaft,  in  such  quantity  as  to  drive  the  miners  out  of 
the  bottom,  no  preparation  having  been  made  for  bailing 
or  pumping.  This  Bhaft  cannot  be  much  over  300  ft  in 
depth.  All  water  heretofore  used  at  the  mines  has  been 
hauled  from  the  Colorado  river,  18  miles  distant.  Yet  the 
mines  have  been  worked  continuously  and  profitably  for 
10  or  12  years  past.  The  striking  of  water  there  in  con- 
siderable quantity  will  revolutionize  the  whole  camp.  All 
work  hitherto  has  been  done  under  windlass,  and  usually 
abandoned  at  depth  exceeding  150  ft.  With  water,  steam 
hoisting  works  can  be  put  up,  and  the  rich  seams  of  lead 
ore  followed  down  indefinitely.  Some  change  is  likely  to 
occur  in  the  character  of  the  ore  below  water-level,  but 
the  change  will  probably  be  for  the  better.  Immense 
quantities  of  lead  ore  mixed  with  spar  for  profitable  ship- 
ment or  reduction  have  been  found  at  Castle  Dome,  which 
can  be  utilized,  with  water,  for  stamping  and  concentra- 
tion works. 

COLORADO. 

Leadville  News.— Cor.  Tribune,  April  9:  About  half 
a  mile  to  the  south  of  Fryer  hill,  and  separated  therefrom 
by  Stray  Horse  creek,  lie  the  Crescent,  recently  sold  to 
New  York  parties;  the  Carbonate,  Little  Giant,  and  JEtna, 
very  valuable  mines,  and  all  yielding  paying  ore  in  large 
quantities.  Still  farther  to  the  south  is  Iron  hill,  upon 
which  are  situated  the  celebrated  Stevens  iron  mine,  the 
Bull's  Eye,  Iron  Hat,  and  Hidden  Treasure.  The  first 
named  miue  is  believed  by  many  to  be  the  richest  in  the 
district,  while  all  the  others  turn  out  rich  ore  in  profusion. 
The  Iron  mine  is  perhaps  the  best  worked  in  the  camp,  or 
rather  the  most  systematically  operated.  The  ore  is  of 
the  richest  quality,  and  it  is  claimed  to  be  inexhaustible 
in  quantity.  The  amount  of  ore  in  sight  is  fabulous.  To 
the  east,  and  separated  from  Iron  hill  by  California  and 
Iowa  gulches,  is  Long  &  Derry  hill,  upon  which  are  to  be 
found  the  J.  D.  Dana,  Porphyry,  and  Faint  Hope,  the 
rich  mining  property  of  the  Messrs.  Long  &  Derry.  These 
mines  are  situated  very  near  the  summit  of  the  mountain, 
at  an  elevation  of  upwards  of  11,500  ft;  are  difficult  of  ac- 
cess, but  exceedingly  rich  and  productive.  Ore  taken 
from  these  mines  is  sold  for  S3  per  pound.  The  grade  is 
very  high  and  but  little  is  sold  to  the  mill  men  here,  the 
most  of  it  being  put  in  sacks  and  shipped  to  Omaha,  St. 
Louis,  and  Chicago.  The  first  workings  of  these  mines 
were  exceedingly  irregular  and  entirely  without  system, 
the  desire  of  the  discoverers  seeming  to  be  to  find  out  if 
there  was  sufficient  ore  to  justify  working.  None  of  them 
are  now  worked  to  anything  near  their  capacity,  for  the 
reason  that  the  fortunate  owners  have  no  pressing  need 
for  money,  and  are,  in  consequence,  able  to  await  cheaper 
rates  of  transportation  and  better  prices  for  bullion. 
Other  claims  immediately  adjoining  the  Long  &  Derry 
mines  are  being  rapidly  developed,  with  indications  of  the 
most  promising  character.  Among  these  are  the  Last 
Chance,  Wide  Awake,  and  Homestake,  all  in  excellent 
localities,  with  near  prospects  of  rich  paying  ore.  The 
best  paying  localities  are  found  to  be  upon  the  four  bills 
already  named.  There  may  be  as  rich  deposits  upon  some 
of  the  other  hills  in  the  vicinity  of  Leadville,  but  as  yet 
there  are  no  mines  sufficiently  developed  to  warrant  the 
statement.  There  are  several  claims  in  the  vicinity  of  the 
Breece  Iron  mine  that  present  excellent  indications.  The 
Flower  of  Edinburgh,  located  on  Little  Evans  gulch,  a 
mine  comparatively  unknown  to  the  mining  world,  has 
been  sold  to  Chicago  parties.  About  12  ft  below  the  sur- 
face a  solid  bed  of  mineral  was  struck,  Buid  to  be  20  ft  in 
thickness,  specimens  of  which  assayed  from  40  to  51 
ounces  in  silver  and  30%  lead.  The  character  of  the  ore 
is  similar  to  that  found  in  the  Camp  Bird,  the  Adelaide 
and  Pine  Lodes. 

IDAHO. 

Alturas  Items. —Cor.  Statesnian,  April  12:  The  Vishnu 
company  have  been  compelled  to  abandon  work  in  their 
mine  for  the  present,  on  account  of  too  much  water,  but 
they  hav«  over  100  tons  of  good  ore  ou  the  dump  which  is 


now  being  crushed.  This  mine  is  owned  by  George  F. 
Settle  and  Jacob  Reeser,  and  is  one  of  the  best  paying 
gold  mines  in  Idaho.  Hon.  George  M.  Parsons  is  one  of 
the  lessees  that  have  worked  It  for  the  past  three  years. 
The  Alturas  mine,  in  Blake's  gulch,  is  another  important 
auxiliary,  and  has  been  worked  during  the  past  winter  by 
six  men,  Thomas  L.  Johnson  is  the  "commander  in 
chief."  The  Wide  West  has  yielded  150  tons  of  fair  ore 
since  the  tunnel  was  completed,  and  the  John  Sheffer, 
owned  by  Pearson  &  Co.,  has  also  been  doing  as  well,  if 
not  better,  than  the  year  before.  Jacob  Reeser  has  had 
four  men  at  work  on  the  Independent,  and  although  the 
vein  is  small,  the  rock  is  rich  and  will  pay  well.  A  num- 
ber of  other  mines  are  also  turning  out  pay  rock,  so  that 
the  mills  and  arastras  will  have  enough  to  do  as  soon  as 
they  start  up. 

Boise  River.— World,  April  12:  Two  hydraulic  pipes 
are  running  on  separate  claims  10  miles  below  Mr.  Buck- 
ley's ground.  They  have  been  in  operation  about  a  week, 
and  the  prospects  are  good.  Mr.  Buckley  has  reliable  in- 
formation that  a  man  who  is  shoveling  into  boxes  on  the 
opposite  side  of  the  river  is  making  S4  per  day.  There 
will  be  no  trouble  in  working  any  of  the  bars,  as  the  tail- 
ings will  be  dumped  into  the  river  and  carried  away  by 
the  large  body  of  water. 

NEW  MEXICO. 

Mining  Notes. — Grant  County  Herald,  April  5:  Re- 
pairs on  Bremen's  mill  are  progressing  rapidly,  and  every- 
thing will  be  in  running  order  by  the  middle  of  next 
week.  J.  M.  Campbell,  a  practical  machinist  who  has 
been  for  a  long  time  connected  with  Fraser,  Chalmers  & 
Co.,  of  Chicago,  has  arrived  to  take  charge  of  the  me- 
chanical department  of  the  mill.  During  the  time  that 
work  has  been  suspended,  the  ore  wagons  have  been  busy, 
and  some  350  tons,  from  the  Seventy-Six  mine,  have  ac- 
cumulated in  the  bins.  Mr.  Bremen  has  also  struck  a  re- 
markably rich  body  of  ore  in  his  new  mine  in  Chloride 
district.  This  is  the  "Lily"  purchased  from  J.  G.  Ward 
and  relocated  with  adjoining  ground.  The  new  location 
covers  1,500  by  600  ft,  and  has  been  named  the  Baltic 
mine.  Mr.  Bremen  struck  a  body  of  ore  here  soon  after 
commencing  operations,  the  average  of  which  will  run  at 
least  65  ounces  to  the  ton,  while  specimens,  some  of  them 
weighing  40  to  50  pounds,  will  assay  up  into  the  thou- 
sands. About  70  tons  of  this  ore  have  been  taken  out  and 
delivered  at  the  mill,  and  the  mine  still  shows  up  as  well 
as  when  the  metal  was  first  struck.  Three  hammers  are  at 
work  on  the  Baltic.  The  Seventy-Six  mine  is  now  the 
deepest  in  the  county,  work  on  the  main  Bhaft  having 
been  pushed  to  the  depth  of  250  ft.  Work  will  be  re- 
newed here  next  week.  When  the  mill  starts  up,  Mr. 
Bremen  will  take  personal  charge  of  the  treatment  of  his 
ores. 

OREGON. 

Rye  Valley.— Bedrock  Democrat,  April  9:  Placer 
mining  in  Rye  valley  and  vicinity  is  running  in  ful  blast, 
although  with  a  limited  supply  of  water  there  seems  to 
be  fair  headway  made.  In  many  places  the  bars  or  flats 
are  deep,  requiring  a  large  quantity  of  water  to  carry  off 
so  much  debris;  the  ditch  company  are  piping  on  a  60-ft 
bank,  running  night  and  day,  and  clearing  $100  per  day. 
The  Rye  Valley  mill  and  mining  company  are,  as  usual, 
carrying  on  operatiouB  In  and  around  the  mine;  having 
attempted  to  fink  a  winze  recently,  without  the  aid  of  a 
pump,  the  water  being  to  much  to  handle  by  hand  after 
reaching  20  ft  in  depth,  the  project  was  given  up  until  the 
arrival  of  Supt.  Fisk  from  Portland,  where  he  is  now  pro- 
curing the  necessary  machinery,  in  the  meantime  work  is 
progressing,  running  west  in  the  drift,  which  showsabody 
of  very  rich  ore. 

Mining  Notes. — Sentinel,  April  12:  Piping  still  con- 
tinues at  the  Centennial,  at  Willow  springs,  with  every 
indication  that  the  ground  is  paying  well.  The  claim  of 
V.  S.  Ralls,  at  Willow  springs,  is  paying  five  ounces  per 
day  for  the  work  of  four  hands,  ground  sluicing.  China- 
man Lin's  ground  is  evidently  better  than  it  was  last  year, 
when  it  paid  over  §100  per  day  to  the  pipe.  Frank  Ennis 
is  pushing  work  at  the  Sterling.  He  is  working  in  rich 
ground  and  there  is  every  indication  of  an  immense  wash 
up.  News  from  Silver  creek  is  still  favorable.  A  piece 
worth  nearly  §700  has  been  found  in  the  claim  of  Black 
&  Co.  News  from  Briggs  creek,  in  Josephine  county,  is 
flattering.  Ferren  &  Co.  have  recently  found  some  heavy 
gold  in  their  claim,  one  nugget  weighing  §37  and  another 
§26,  being  found  in  the  gravel  three  ft  from  the  bedrock. 

New  Incorporations. 

The  following  companies  have,  filed  certificates  of  incor- 
poration in  the  County  Clerk's  office  at  San  Francisco: 

The  North  Standard  G.  &  M,  Co. — Object:  To  operate 
in  Bodie.  Capital,  §10,000,000.  Directors— J.  McMechan, 
Bernard  Lande,  A.  Burr  and  H.  C.  Van  Dyck. 

Western  G.  &  S.  M.  Co.— Object:  To  operate  in  Bodie. 
Capital,  §10,000,000.  Directors— J.  McMechan,  Bernard 
Lande,  A.  Burr  and  H,  C.  Van  Dyck. 

Carbon  River  M.  Co.— Ohject:  To  mine  for  coal  in 
Washington  Territory.  Capital,  $1,000,000.  Directors— 
W.  S,  Rosecrans,  Horatio  McPherson,  J.  R.  Erringer,  I. 
W.  Smith,  J.  F.  Brodhead. 

Tacoma  Coke  &  Iron  Co.— Object:  To  manufacture 
iron  in  Washington  Territory.  Capital,  §500,000.  Direct- 
ors— C.  A.  Henry,  J.  A.  Pickens,  W.  S.  Rosecrans,  John 
R.  Erringer  and  J.  F.  Brodhead. 

MontszumaG.  &  S.  M.  Co.— Object:  To  operate  in  the 
Canton  T)e  Rayond  district,  State  of  Chihuahua,  Mexico, 
Capital,  §50,000.  Directors— Samuel  Hendy,  Theodore  A. 
P.  Brown,  Clemens  Hohwiesuer,  Arthur  Sincock  and  J. 
H.  Miles. 


Worth  Reading. — This  volume,  the  "Pacific 
Rural  Handbook,"  contains /a  series  of  brief 
essays  and  notes  on  the  culture  of  trees/  vege- 
tables and  flowers,  adapted  to  the  Pacific  coast; 
also,  hints  on  home  and  farm  improvements,  by 
Chas.  H.  Shinn.  "Enthusiasm,"  to  quote  our 
author,  "is  the  birthright  of  youth;"  but  we 
defy  anyone,  though  he  may  long  have  passed 
the  period  of  such  heritage,  to  Beat  himself  to 
a  careful  perusal  of  these  pages  without  becom- 
ing enthusiastic.  Their  merit  lies  in  literary 
worth  as  well  as  in  horticultural  lore.  The 
voice  of  experience  speaks  through  gracefully 
turned  sentences,  which  abound  with  senti- 
ments of  culture  and  refinement,  and  thrill  with 
the  accents  of  one  whose  heart  is  in  his  work. 
We  read,  and  we  long  for  the  wings  of  a  dove 
that  we  might  fly  away  to  that  golden  land 
where  the  fertile  valleys,  mysterious  store- 
houses of  boundless  treasures,  are  lifting  their 
flower-garlanded  faces  beneath  the  protecting 
shadows  of  the  everlasting  hills.  The  work  is 
especially  designed  to  aid  the  cultivator  of  the 
Pacific  coast,  but  scores  of  useful  hints  can  be 
gleaned  from  it  that  will  prove  applicable  to 
our  own  colder  climate.  San  Francisco:  Dewey 
&  Co.  Price,  post-paid,  $1. — Pi-airie  Farmer, 
Chicago. 

The  Notice  in  our  columns  of  an  engineer 
who  is  desirous  of  coming  to  California,  refers 
to  one  whom  we  believe  to  be  an  able  gentle- 
man, whose  permanent  establishment  on  this 
coast  would  be  a  favorable  acquisition  to  our 
building  and  progressive  interests. 


News  in  Brief. 

A  meteor  fell  lately  in  Chicago. 

New  York  has  had  an  earthquake. 

Hay  sells  for  $13  a  ton  at  Olympia. 

Hay  cutting  has  begun  in  Napa  county. 

People  in  Bolivia  are  suffering  from  starva- 
tion. 

A  lighthouse  is  to  be  built  on  Point-no- 
Point. 

The  widow  Oliver  has  entered  the  lecture 
field. 

An  attempt  has  been  made  to  assassinate  the 
Czar. 

Over  1,000  Nihilists  have  been  arrested  at 
Charkoff,  Russia. 

There  is  great  suffering  among  the  black  im- 
migrants in  Kansas. 

A  reputable  cooking  school  has  been 
opened  in  Boston. 

Union  College  is  admitting  women  on  the 
same  plan  as  Harvard. 

The  manufacture  of  sherry  wine  has  been 
commenced  in  Napa  county. 

Twenty-six  tourists  have  so  far  entered  the 
Yosemite  valley  this  year. 

At  Szegedin,  Hungary,  17,000  persons  are 
still  subsisting  on  charity. 

President  Hayes  is  getting  ready  to  veto 
the  army  appropriation  bill. 

A  vein  of  anthracite  coal  was  recently  found 
in  excavating  at  Washington. 

The  Petaluma  broom  factory  last  season 
made  1,500  dozen  brooms. 

Sixteen  thousand  persona  in  the  prisons  of 
the  United  States  are  unemployed. 

Of  the  27,000,000  inhabitants  of  Italy,  14,- 
000, 000  can  neither  read  nor  write. 

Within  the  past  year  eight  Mormon  girls 
have  married  colored  men  in  Salt  Lake. 

The  festive  grasshopper  is  gnawing  the  grass 
and  vegetables  in  the  vicinity  of  Provo,  Utah. 

Most  of  the  natural  ice  used  on  the  coast  is 
manufactured  and  stored  on  the  Truckee  river. 

Arms  for  the  Zulus  are  being  shipped  from 
New  York,  presumably  through  Russian  in- 
fluence. 

A  convention  of  colored  men  is  soon  to  meet 
at  Milwaukee,  to  diBcuss  Western  colonization 
schemes. 

Tulare  lake  continues  to  fall,  and  the  shore 
is  being  bought  from  the  State  as  fast  as  the 
water  recedes. 

The  Silver  City  jail  was  destroyed  by  the  late 
big  fire,  and  prisoners  are  now  confined  in  a 
stone  cellar. 

The  electric  light  has  been  found  a  valuable 
accessory  for  surgical  operations  in  dull  weather 
and  after  dark. 

On  the  third  inst.  there  was  something  like  a 
cloud-burst  in  Soda  Springs  canyon,  five  miles 
east  of  Lower  Lake. 

Women  have  recently  been  elected  to  the 
superintendence  of  schools  in  several  New 
Hampshire  towns. 

Two  of  the  principal  streets  of  Paris  have 
had  their  names  Americanized  to  Rue  Lincoln 
and  Rue  Washington. 

Josiah  Bacon  was  found  dead  in  his  room  at 
the  Baldwin  hotel  on  Sunday  under  very  mys- 
terious circumstances. 

There  are  100  hostile  Indians  encamped  on 
the  middle  fork  of  the  Salmon  river,  Idaho. 
Settlers  are  becoming  uneasy. 

The  first  Indian  ever  sworn  in  a  court  of 
justice,  in  ^Nevada,  lately  testified  against  a 
white  man  for  Belling  him  whisky. 

The  distance  from  Yuma  to  Tucson  by  the 
new  railroad  route  will  be  247  miles,  a  saving 
of  53  miles  over  the  old  stage  route. 

Fred  Douglass  attributes  the  colored  exodus 
from  the  South  to  attempts  of  the  whites  to 
again  reduce  the  blacks  to  slavery,  by  over- 
charging, etc. 

The  first  marriage  in  this  city,  according  to 
Chinese  rites,  took  place  lately,  between  Chas. 
Jamison,  Chinese  interpreter,  and  a  Chinese 
girl  named  "Alice,  the  Angel." 

Two  rival  colored  preachers  in  Texas,  joined 
by  their  factions,  came  to  blows  in  the  church. 
The  preachers  went  home  on  shutters,  and  the 
police  clubbed  the  rest  to  submission. 


An  Item  in  the  Homestead  Act. — The  Reg- 
ister and  Receiver  of  the  Land  Office  in  this 
city  have  issued  a  circular  calling  attention  to 
a  decision  of  the  Commissioner  of  the  General 
Land  Office  dated  March  8th,  to  the  effect  that 
the  Homestead  Act  requires  residence,  improve- 
ment and  cultivation  on  the  part  of  those  who 
locate  land  under  it.  Therefore  they  say:  "It 
will,  therefore,  be  useless  to  send  testimony  to 
this  office,  unless  it  be  thereby  clearly  shown 
that  the  claimant  cultivates  part  of  his  claim.  As 
to  the  least  number  of  acres  in  cultivation  that 
the  Hon.  Commissioner  will  consider  a  compli- 
ance with  the  law,  this  office  is  not  informed." 
This  announcement  of  the  land  authorities 
should  be  heeded  by  those  closing  homestead 
entries. 

The  Richmann  drill  and  compressor  works, 
of  Arnold  &  Richmann,  13  and  15  Fremont 
street,  are  now  preparing  to  make  their  patent 
drills  and  compressors  on  a  large  scale.  This 
drill  is  a  new  invention  which  has  accomplished 
some  wonderful  results.  It  is  extremely  light 
and  requires  only  slight  power  to  operate.  We 
shall  shortly  describe  the  machine  in  detail,  and 
meantime  anyone  interested  can  see  it  at  work 
by  calling  at  the  above  addreBS.  The  invention 
is  worthy  the  attention  of  all  mining  men  in- 
terested in  machine  drills. 


'atentsand  Inventions. 


List  of  U.  S.  Patents  Issued  to  Pacific 
Coast  Inventors. 

[From  Official  Reports  for  tub  Mining  and  SoreNnpio 

Press,  DEWEY  &  CO.,  Publishers  and  U.  S. 

and  Foreign  Patent  Agents.] 

By  Special  Dispatch  from  Washington.  D.  O. 

For  the  Week  Ending  April  1st,  1879. 

213,802— Gag-Runner  for  Harness—Who.  M.  Blaln, 
Salinas,  Cal. 

213,814.— Combined  Writing  Desk  and  Work  Table— 
E.  Emanuel,  S.  F. 

213,902.—  Water  and  Steam  Cock— Wm,  H.  Hoyt,  Sac- 
ramento, Cal. 

213,833.— Stem-Winding  and  Setting  Watch— J.  Bauer, 
Petaluma,  Cal.  (assignee  of  TJ.  Opplinger,  Chaux-de-Fonds, 
Switzerland.) 

2i3,839.—  Barrel-Tap— E.  J.  Rubottora,  Spadra,  Cal. 

213,835.— Water  Closet— F.  Pohley,  S.  F. 

FOR  the  Week  Ending  April  8th,  1879. 

214,080.— Latch— P.  H.  Baker,  S.  F. 

8,664.— Hatch  for  Street  Elevators— Philip  Hinkle, 
S.  F.  (re-issue.) 

214,138.— Cultivators— S.  B.  Holly  and  J.  Jones,  Stony 
Point,  Cal: 

214,145.— Sickle  Grinders— T.  J.  Hubbell,  Tountville, 
Cal. 

214,158.— Venetian  Blindb— ThoB.  Langdon,  Castro- 
ville,  Cal. 

214,055.— Extracting  Precious  Metals  from  Orbs— 
Jno.  A.  Robertson,  Oakland,  Cal. 

The  patents  are  not  ready  for  delivery  by  the  Patent 

Office  until  some  14  days  after  the  date  of  issue. 

Note.— Copies  of  U.  S.  and  Foreign  Patents  furnished 
by  Dewey  &  Co. ,  in  the  shortest  time  possible  (by  tel- 
graph  or  otherwise)  at  tue  lowest  rates.  All  patent  busi- 
ness for  Pacific  coast  inventors  transacted  with  perfect 
security  and  in  the  shortest  possible  time. 

A  Copper-Plated  Furnace.— The  Clifton 
copper  mines  situated  in  the  extreme  eastern 
part  of  Arizona,  have  long  been  remarked  for 
the  richness  of  their  ores,  which  are  said  to 
carry  on  an  average  some  50%  or  60%  of  metal. 
Being  subject  to  several  hundred  miles  of  wagon 
transportation  over  a  barren  country  these  ores 
would  not  bear  shipment  to  market,  notwith- 
standing their  richness,  and,  therefore,  had  to 
be  smelted  on  the  ground.  But,  owing  to  a 
lack  of  ordinary  facilities,  the  smelting  of  these' 
ores  at  the  mines  proved  so  expensive  that  the 
owners,  Messrs.  Sesinsky  &  Co.,  exercised 
their  ingenuity  to  effect  such  improvements  in 
their  furnaces  as  would  tend  to  reduce  the  same. 
This  it  seems  they  have  at  last  accomplished 
through  the  introduction  of  copper-plated  fur- 
naces, which,  cheap  and  simple  in  themselves, 
have  also  proved  very  durable.  These  works 
employ  200  men,  and  it  is  expected  that  the 
output  of  metal  will  henceforth  be  large,  unin- 
terrupted and  profitable. 


Iron  In  New  Zealand. 

In  our  advertising1  columns  will  be  found  a  remarkable 
invitation  addressed  to  the  Iron  Masters  of  of  Europe  and 
America  by  the  government  of  New  Zealand.  The  two  ■ 
great  Islands  which  form  that  rapidly  prospering  colony 
are  remarkably  rich  in  iron  and  coal  of  excellent  quality. 
The  government  has  within  a  few  years  constructed  over 
1,000  miles  of  railroad,  all  the  materials  for  which,  except 
the  sleepers,  have  been  carried  out  at  a  heavy  charge  in 
the  way  of  freight,  etc.,  frem  England.  Yet  the  Public 
Works  Department  of  the  Colony  is  even  still,  with  so 
many  lines  laid  down  and  working  with  a  dividend,  only 
perhaps  at  the  outset  of  its  labors.  The  present  Minister 
of  Public  Works,  Hon.  James  McAndrew,  has  determined 
to  make  a  bold  experiment  to  naturalize  the  iron  industry 
in  the  Colony,  and  has  in  the  terms  of  the  notice  which 
we  publish  to-day,  called  for  tenders  for  100,000  tons  of 
steel  rails  (or  any  portion  thereof)  to  be  manufactured  in 
the  Colony  from  New  Zealand  ores.  A  pamphlet  contain- 
ing the  fullest  Information  on  the  subject,  illustrated  by 
maps  and  plans,  has  been  published  by  order  of  the  gov- 
ernment, and  may  be  had  from  the  Agent-General  of  the 
Colony,  Sir  Julius  Vogel,  K.  C.  M.  G.,  at  7,  Westminster 
Chambers,  by  Iron  Masters  and  others  desirous  of  ob- 
taining authentic  information  on  the  sublect. 


Fresh  attractions  are  constantly  added  to  Wood- 
ward's Gardens,  amontr  which  is  Prof.  Gruber*s  great 
educator,  the  Zoographicon.  Each  department  increases 
daily,  and  the  Pavilion  performances  are  more  popular 
than  ever.  All  new  novelties  find  a  place  at  this  wonder- 
ful resort.    Prices  remain  as  usual. 


An  Engineer,  favorably  known  in  the  East,  desirous  of 
settling  in  California,  seeks  position  as  Superintendent  or 
Chief  Draughtsman.  Competent  to  design  stationary, 
marine,  locomotive,  mill  work,  sugar  and  hydraulic  ma- 
chinery. Speaks  Spanish.  Unexceptional  referencei. 
Address  Expert,  this  office. 


Kdstel's  Concentration  of  Orbs  (of  all  kinds),  inclu, 
ding  the  Chlorinatlon  Process  for  Gold-bearing  Sulphuretg, 
ArseniuretB,  and  Gold  and  Silver  Ores  generally,  with  120 
Lithographic  Diagrams,  1807.  The  most  complete  treat- 
ise. Published  at  this  office.  Price,  $7.50.  Postage,  50 
cents  extra.     

How  to  Stop  this  Paper. — It  is  not  a  herculean  task  to 
stop  this  paper.  Notify  the  publishers  by  letter.  If  it 
comes  beyond  the  time  desired  you  can  depend  upon  it  we 
do  not  know  that  the  subscriber  wantB  it  stopped.  So 
be  sure  and  send  us  notice  by  letter. 

Examine  the  accelerative  endowment  plan,  as  originated 
by  the  Mutual  Benefit  Life  Insurance  Co. ,  of  Newark, 
New  Jersey.  Assets,  $30,633,429.94.  Lewis  C.  Grover, 
President;  L.  Spencer  Coble,  Vice-President;  Benjamin  C. 
Miller,  Treasurer;  Edward  A.  Strong,  Secretary;  Bloom- 
field  J.  Miller,  Actuary.  Send  for  circulars  to  James 
Munsell,  Jr.,  agent  of  JnsureU,  224  Sansome  St.,  Son 
Francisco. 

Watsonyillb,  July  29th,  1878, 
Messrs.  Dewet  &  Co. — Gents:— I  was  not  expecting  my 
patent  so  soon.     You  certainly  kept  your  word  when  you 
said  no  time  would  be  lost.    I  remain,  vourstruly, 

W.  T.  Eahterdat. 


Experimental  Machinery,  drawings,  patterns,  models, 
all  kinds  of  electrical  and  telegraphic  apparatus  to  order. 
See  ad.    F.  W.  Fuller,  416  Market  St.,  second  floor,  S.  F. 

Chew  Jackson's  Best  Sweet  Navy  Tobacco 


April  19,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


261 


LEATHER. 

fVHOLMALI.| 

Widnesdav.  «..  April  18.  1879. 

Sola  Leather,  hear,,  lb Mat      » 

Light 10  S      54 

JiJok  «  KU,  doi 41  00  l|6o  60 

lllolJ  Kll 66  00  076  00 

14  to  It  Kll 60  00  Sin  00 

Second  Choloc.  II  to  16  Kll 66  00  070  00 

OoroeUlao.  12  to  16  Kll 67  00  (§67  00 

Itaoalea.  11  to  U  Kll 63  00  #67  00 

14  to  16  Kll 71  00  OT76  00 

Simon  fUmo.  Famalea.  11  to  13  Kll 68  00  kHX  60 

14  to  16  Kll 66  00  (*70  00 

16  to  17  Kll 72  00  «7t  00 

Simon,  18  KU 61  00  «*3  00 

20  Kll 68  00  Id  00 

24  Kll 73  00  <«74  00 

Eobert  Oil,  7  and  8  Kll 36  00  (440  00 

Kiwi.  French,  lb  1  00  (4  1  35 

Ol   tlui 40  00  [460  00 

French  sheep,  all  colon 8  00  «rl5  00 

Extern  Oil  lor  Backs,  lb 1  00  (4  1  28 

Sheep  Roaoafur  Topping,  all  colora,  dux t  00  (413  00 

For  Lluinn 6  50  (410  80 

at.  Rutaet  Sheep  Linings 1  78  &  4  60 

oot  L  effa.  French  Oil,  pair 4  00  ft* 

BQoo.1  French  Call 4  00  <»  4  75 

Beat  Jodot  OH 5  00  %  5  2j 

eather.  Harness,  tt>. 35  OT      38 

LFalr  Brldlo.  doj 48  00  1*72  00 

Skirting,  lb 33  M      37 

Welt,  doi 30  00  060  00 

Bufl.lt 18  8      21 

Waa  Side 17  (8      80 

Gold,    Legal   Tenders,    Exchange.   Etc. 

[Corrected  Weekly  by  Sumo  &  Co.) 

San  FBANC18CO.  April  16.  3  p.  at. 

BlLVXK.  He'll 

Gold  Bajta,  890(3010.  Siltsr  Babh.  8@ls  V  cent,  dls 
»unt. 

Exchange  on  New  York.  20.  on  London  bankers.  49i<3 
494.  Commercial.  50;  Paris,  five  Iranca  $  dollar;  Muxican 
dollars.  8S|<6t82. 

London  Consols.  97;  BondX  103. 

Quicksilver  Id  8.  F..  by  the  flask.  »  lb.  40@41o. 


Signal  Service  Meteorological  Report 

Ban  Francisco. —Week  ending  April  15, 1S79. 


HIOUK8T   AND  LOWB8T  BAROMKTXR. 

Apr  9  I  Apr  lOj  Apr  111   Apr  12    Apr  13  Apr  14    Apr  15 


80.254.30.066    29.995     30.013     30.055     30.190 
30.152|?29.998|  29.853|    29.004     29.051    29.969 

MAXIMUM  AND  MINIMUM  TURRMOMBTRR. 


30.278 

30.238 


67.8  I 


81       I      62 


67.6  I      66.8  I      59.7  I      60       I      58 
47      I      47      I      46.5  I      49.2  |      49.6  | 

MRAN   DAILY   HUMIDITY. 
63.3  I      64.7  I      07      I      80.3  I      81.7  | 

PREVAILING    WIND. 

w     1      W     1     W     1     SW    1     SW     1      W      1      W 

WIND — MILR8  TRAVELED. 

204   I  228   I  338   I   218   |   290   I  233   |  246 

8TATR   OP   WEATHER. 

Clear.    |  Cloudy  I  Clear.  I  Cloudy  !  Rainy  |  Fair.    |  Clear. 

RAINFALL  IN  TWENTY-FOUR   HOUB8. 
I     .24       I  I  I       .13     I        .12       I 

Total  rain  during  the  Reason.  Irom  July  1.  1878.  21.25  in. 


SUMMER  -  FALLOWING  LAND 
FOB  SALE  OR  RENT  upon  the  most 
reasonable  terms — in  subdivisions  of 
from  50  to  1,000  acres.  Climate  healthy. 
Average  rainfall  over  20  inches  annu- 
ally. Crops  sure.  A  diversity  of 
semi-tropical  and  other  fruits,  corn, 
vegetables,  etc,  raised  with  ease. 
Address  for  particulars  EDWARD 
FRISBIE,  proprietor  of  the  Reading 
Ranoh,  Anderson,  Shasta  Co  ,  Cal. 


(Ai|)ijig  ajid  Other  Compapies. 


Persona  Interested  in  incorporated  snares 
will  do  well  to  recommend  the  publication 
of  the  official  notices  of  their  companies 
In  this  paper,  as  the  cheapest  appropriate 
medium  for  the  same. 


A    VALUABLE    MINING    BOOK. 

BY  J.  8.  PHILLIPS. 

The  Explorers',  Mlnera'  and  Metallurgists'  Companion, 
682  pages,  83  illustrations.  Second  Edition.  A  California 
publication. 

OriNIONS  OF  TUB  PRESS. 

The  book  is  exactly  calculated  to  suit  tho  views  and 
meet  the  requirements  of  those  for  whom  it  has  been 
written.— London  Mining  Journal. 

The  most  practical  and  comprehensive  work  on  mining 
subjects  extant,  and  valuable  Dook  of  reference. — Mining 
and  Scientific  Press,  San  Francisco. 

We  know  of  no  work  on  these  subjects  in  the  English 
language  at  once  so  comprehensive,  practical  and  intelli- 
gible.— S.  F.  Golden  Era. 

He  has  rendered  to  the  leading  industry  of  the  coast  a 
Taluable  service — has  furnished  the  millman  and  miner 
a  safe  and  much  needed  practical  guide. — Overland 
Monthly. 

This  book,  which  treats  in  an  intelligent  and  practical 
way  on  almost  every  topic  connected  with  mining  pursuits, 
should  be  in  the  hands  of  every  millman,  metallurgist, 
prospector  and  miner  on  the  Pacific  coast.  Even  the  capi- 
talist, and,  in  fact,  every  person  already  engaged  in,  or 
likely  to  become  interested  in  the  business  of  mining, 
will  find  in  this  comprehensive  work  an  amount  of  infor- 
mation that  they  cannot  afford  to  dispense  with.— S.  F. 
Commercial  Herald. 

This  book  is  free  from  trash,  and  solid  throughout;  all 
its  matter  is  intelligible  to  men  of  ordinary  education,  and 
all  of  it  is  valuable  to  miners. — S.  F.  Daily  Alta. 

In  the  several  sections  the  work  is  eminently  practical. 
Is  very  comprehensive,  and  contains  a  great  deal  of  useful 
information  which  cannot  be  obtained  from  the  previous 
books  that  have  been  written  on  these  subjects. — S.  F, 
Daily  Examiner. 

It  affords  a  vast  quantity  of  information  as  to  the  ap- 
pearance and  value  of  different  ores.—  S.  F.  News  Letter. 

It  is  the  st  single  English  treatise  wo  know  for  the  use 
of  prospectors  and  practical  miners.. — The  Engineering 
and  Milling  Journal,  New  York. 

Sold  by  Dewey  &  Co.,  at  this  office.    Price  $10. 60. 


Mount  Jefferson  Milling  and  Mining  Com- 

l*ny—  Locution  of principal  place  of  b  maims*,   ts.m    Fran- 
cisco, California.     Location  of  wuiks,  QtOTOtd  M  iul Df    01 
trict,  Tuolumne  County.  California. 
Notice  i»  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the   Directors 

held  on  the  21st  Jay  of  March.  1818,  un  UMUmeat  \X I 

five  cents  per  share  was  tarried  upon  the  capital  stock  of  Uu 
corporation,  payable  liunu'd lately  in  United  .State* gold  coin, 
to  the  Secretary  at  the  office  of  thu  Company,  Uooni  0.  No 
313   Pine  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Any  stock  upon  which  this  assenaraent  shall  remain  unpaid 
on  the  2d  day  of  May.  1S79.  will  bo  delinquent,  and  adver- 
tised for  sale  at  public  auction;  and  unless  poyrueut  U  made 
before,  will  be  sold  on  Tuesday,  the  37th  day  of  May,  1879.  to 
pity  the  delinquent  assessiuout,  together  with  costs  of  udvur- 
tinlng  and  expenses  of  sale 

R    N    VAX  BRUNT,  Se,  r.-lary 
Office,  Room  6.  No.  313  Pine  Street,  San  Francisco.  Cal. 

California  and  Oregon  Land  Company.— 

Location  of  principal  place  of  business,   San    Francisco, 

California.     Location  of  Works,  State  of  Oregon. 

NOTICE.— There  is  delinquent  upon  the  following  do- 
scribed  stock,  on  account  of  assessment  (No.  2)  levied  on 
the  first  day  of  March,  A.  D.,  1870,  the  several  amounts 
set  opposite  tho  names  of  the  respective  shareholders,  as 
follows: 

ttamcft.  No.  Certificate.  No.  Shares.  Amount. 

Allen,  JO 130  400  SlUO  00 

Pond.  EB 120  HO  20  00 

Woodeuni,  O  P 106  100  40  00 

Woodeum,  OP 107  100  40  00 

Woodsum,  OP 108  100  40  00 

Woodsum,  OP 109  100  40  00 

And  in  accordance  with  law,  a'  d  an  order  of  tho  Board 
of  Diroctors,  made  on  the  first  day  of  March,  1879,  so 
many  shares  of  each  parcel  of  such  stock  as  may  be  neces- 
sary, will  be  sold  at  public  auction,  at  the  office  of  the 
Company,  on  Saturday,  the  tenth  day  of  May,  A.  D., 
1879,  at  the  hour  of  two  o'clock  r.  m.  of  said  day,  to  pay 
said  delinquent  assessment  thereon,  together  with  costs 
of  advertising  and  expenses  of  the  sale. 

R.  N.  VAN  BRUNT,  Secretary. 

Office,  Room  0,  No.  318  Pine  street,  San  Francisco. 

Cherokee  Flat  Blue  Gravel  Company.— 

Location  of  principal  place  of  business,  San  Francisco, 

California.     Location    of    Works,    Cherokee    Flat,    Butte 

County,  California. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meetintr  of  tho  Directors, 
held  on  the  tenth  day  of  April,  A.  D.,  1879,  an  assessment 
(No.  41),  of  five  cents  per  share  waa  levied  upon  tho  capital 
Btock  of  the  corporation,  payable  immediately  in  United 
StateB  gold  coin,  to  the  Secretary  at  the  office  of  tho  company. 

Any  stock  upon  which  this  asse.iBment  shall  remain  unpaid 
on  the  twelfth  day  of  May,  1879,  will  be  delinquent,  and  ad- 
vertised for  sale  at  public  auction;  and  unlesB  payment  is 
mnda  before,  will  bo  sold  on  Tuesday,  the  tenth  day  of  June, 
A.  D.,  1879,  to  pay  the  delinquent  aasesament,  together  with 
costs  of  advertising  and  expenses  of  sale, 

It.  N.  VAN  BRUNT,  Secretary. 

Office.  Room  iJ,  No.  318  I'ine  street,  San  Francisco.  Cal. 


Engraving.  | 


Superior  Wood  and  Metal  Engrav- 
ing, Electrotyping  and  Stereotyp- 
_  '  ing  done  at  the  office  of  the  Mining 

and  Scientific  Press,  San  Francisco,  at  favorable  rates. 

f3end  stamp  for  our  circular  and  samples. 


Rocky  Point  Mining  Company.— Location 

of  principal  place  of  business,  San  Francisco,  California. 

Location  of  works,  Placer  county,  California. 

Notice  is  hereby  given  that  at  a  meeting  of  tho  Board  of 
Directors,  held  on  the  17th  day  of  April,  1S79,  an  assessment 
(No.  1)  of  ten  110)  cents  per  share  was  levied  upon  tho  capital 
stock  of  the  corporation,  payable  immediately  in  U.  S.  gold 
coin  to  the  Secretary,  at  the  office  of  the  Company.  No.  314 
Bush  Btreet,  San  Francisco,  California. 

Any  stock  upon  which  this  assessment  shall  remain  unpaid 
on  the  29th  day  of  May,  1879,  will  bo  delinquent,  and  adver- 
tised for  sale  at  auction;  and  unless  payment  is  made  before, 
will  be  sold  on  Monday,  the  16th  day  of  June,  1&79,  to  nay 
the  delinquent  assessment,  togethor  with  cost  of  advertising 
and  expenses  of  sale.  By  order  of  the  Board  of  Directors. 
T.  L.  BIBBINS.  Secretary. 

Office,  314  Bush  Street,  San  Francisco,  CaL 

Summit    Mining  Company.— Location  of 

Principal  place  of  business,  San  Francisco,  California. 

Location    of    works,   Mineral   Point  Mining    District, 

Plumas  County,  Cal. 

Notice. — There  are  delinquent  upon  the  following  de- 
scribed stock,  on  account  of  assessment  (No.  7.)  levied  on 
tho  4th  day  of  February,  A.  D.,  1879,  tho  several  amounts 
set  opposite  tho  names  of  the  respective  shareholders,  as 
follows: 

Names.  No.  Certificate.  No.  Shares.  Amount. 

Byers,  W  T 38  700  35  00 

Edwards,  J  E 39  700  35  00 

Gautier,  GuBtave 156  200  10  00 

Kellogg,  H  W 46  1000  50  00 

Lehmann,  C,  Trustee 206  200  10  00 

Lehmann,  C,  Trustee 207  200  10  00 

Turner,  J  W 65  200  10  00 

Thompson,  R 24  1200  60  00 

And  in  accordance  with  law,  and  an  order  of  tho  Board  of 
Directors,  made  on  the  Fourth  day  of  February,  A.  D. , 
1879,  so  many  shares  of  each  parcel  of  such  stock  as  may 
be  necessary,  will  be  sold  at  public  auction,  at  the  office 
of  the  company,  No.  318  Pine  street,  Room  6,  San  Fran- 
cisco, California,  on  Tuesday,  the  Eighth  day  of  April , 
A.  D.,  1879,  at  the  hour  of  three  o'clock  p.  m.,  of  said 
day,  to  pay  said  delinquent  assessment  thereon,  together 
with  costs  of  advertising  and  expenses  of  the  sale. 

R,  N.  VAN  BRUNT,  Sec'y. 

Office,  Room  6,  No.  318  Pino  Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

POSTPONEMENT.—  The  sale  of  delinquent  stock  of  the 
above  named  Company  is  hereby  postponed  until  Tues- 
day, tho  Sixth  day  of  May,  1879,  at  the  same  hour  and 
place.     By  order  of  the  Board  of  Directors. 

R.  N.  VAN  BRUNT,  Secretary. 

Office,  Room  6,  No.  318  Pine  street,  San  Francisco. 

Union  Stone  Company.— The  Regular 

Annual  meeting  of  the  Union  Stone  Company  of  Califor- 
nia for  an  election  of  a  Board  of  Directors  (to  act  as  Trus- 
tees) to  serve  the  Company  for  the  ensuing  year,  and  for 
such  other  business  as  may  properly  come  before  tho 
meeting,  will  be  held  at  the  office  of  tho  Secretary  of  the 
Company  at  237  First  Street,  San  Francisco,  California, 
on  Tuesday,  April  8th,  1879,  at  11  o'clock  A.  M. 

R.  F.  KNOX,  Secretary. 
San  Francisco,  March  20th,  1879. 


/.pilisepiepts. 


The  Large  Circulation  of  the  Min- 
ing  and  Scientific  Press  extends  through- 
out the  mining  districts  of  California,  Nevada, 
Utah,  Colorado,  Arizona,  Idaho,  Montana- 
British  Columbia,  and  to  other  parts  of  North 
and  South  America.  Established  in  1860,  it 
has  long  been  the  leading  Mining  Journal  of 
the  continent,  its  varied  and  reliable  contents 
giving  it  a  character  popular  with  both  its 
reading  and  advertising  patrons. 


BALDWIN'S   THEATER. 

THOMAS  HAQUIRB Manager. 

F.  Lymtkr Acting  Huiagtr. 

tins  ii.  Goodwin Treasurer. 

■I    lv  i'n u'ji  u   \-Mst:mt  Treasurer. 

ITALIAhToPERA. 

Corner  Market  and  Powell  Btnats.  open  ovary 
evening  and  Saturday  matinee.     Box  office  open  daily. 

CALIFORNIA  THEATER. 

Barton  &  Lawlor Uanager. 

Saitoh  Hub Acting  Manager, 

THE    SHAUGHRAUN. 

Bush  Street,  rIhah  Kearny  open  every  evening.  Box 
Office  open  from  II  a.  m.  to  10  l\  M.  Seats  may  bo  secured 
six  days  in  advance. 

GRAND    OPERA    HOUSE. 

THOMAS  MACl'IRE Mirager. 

Fred  Ltstbr Acting  Manapor. 

THE    PASSION     PLAY. 

Mission  Street,  near  Third.     Box  olllceopen  daily. 


New  Zealand_Steel  Rails. 

TENDERS    INVITED. 

To  Iron-Mastera-Wanted-lOO.OOO  Tons  of 

Steel   Ralls,   to  be   Manufactured 

in    New    Zealand. 

PUBLIC  WORKS  OFFICE,  Wellington.  \ 
Now  Zealand.  November  6th,  1876.  I 

Written  TENDERS  will  be  received  at  Wellington  by  the 
Hon  tho  Minister  for  Public  Works  up  to  tho  30th  day  of 
September,  1S79.  for  the  supply  of  the  whole  or  any  portion 
of  100,000  Urns  of  STEEL  It  AILS,  to  bo  manufactured  with- 
in the  Colony  from  New  Zealand  ores.  Payment  will  bo 
made  in  cash  on  delivery  at  the  Works  — tho  government  of 
New  Zealand  agreeing  to  pay,  in  addition,  one  half  of  the 
cost  of  conveyance  to  tho  Colony  by  sea  of  the  workmen  to  bo 
engaged  in  the  manufacture, 

Information  as  to  the  mineral  resources  of  New  Zealand, 
and  maps  indicating  tho  various  localities  in  which  mineral 
deposits  are  situated,  in  relation  to  means  of  trunspoit,  may 
be  had  on  application  to  the  Agent-General  of  New  Zealand, 
7,  Westminster  Chambers,  Victoria  Street,  London,  or  to 
Walton  W   Evans,  Esq.,  C6i  Pine  street,  New  York. 

As  it  is  unlikely  that  intending  contractors  will  enter  into 
an  engagement  of  the  above  nature  without  first  satisfying 
themselves  by  personal  inspection  as  to  the  position  and  ex- 
tent of  the  raw  material  in  New  Zealand  required  for  the 
manufacture  of  iron,  every  facility  and  information  on  this 
subject  will  be  afforded  on  application  to  Dr.  Hector.  C.  M. 
G.,  F.  R.  S..  Director  of  the  Geological  Dep'mt,    Wellington 

For  the  information  of  parties  desiring  to  tender,  it  may 
be  stated  that  the  official  returns  show  that  there  were  im- 
ported into  New  Zealand  within  tne  last  eight  years,  15,500 
tons  of  cast-iron,  and  93,000  tons  of  wrought  iron,  exclusive 
of  iron  for  government  and  other  railways,  during  which 
period  1068  miles  have  been  constructed  and  opened  for  traffic. 

New  Zealand  colonists  who  may  have  friends  aud  corres- 
pondents connected  with  the  iron  manufacture  are  requested 
to  be  good  enough  to  draw  attention  to  the  highly  advanta- 
geous and  profitable  field  for  enterprise  which  this  Colony 
presents  to  those  who  can  bring  the  necessary  capital  and 
practical  experience  to  bear  upon  such  manufacture. 

JOHN  KNOWLES,  Under  Secretary  for  Public  Works' 


BOESCH'S  PATENT 

Hydraulic,  Mining  and  Locomotive 
HEAD    LIGHTS. 

THE    BEST    AND   THE    CHEAPEST. 

Pacific    Lamp    and    Reflector    Factory, 

569  Mission  St.,  San  Francisco. 


^Mining 

mm 

■For  S ale  m^ 


, For Sale*  _ 

*Berry&  Place 

At  the  Old  Stand,  Market,  head  of  Front  Street,  S.rF. 


ASBESTOS     WANTED, 

OF  THE  BEST  QUALITY, 

Apply  to    WILLIAM    LETTS    OLIVER, 

328  Montgomery  St.,  San  Francisco. 


507  Mechanical  Movements. 

Every  mechanic  Should  have  a  copy  of  Brown 'b  507  Me- 
chanical Movements,  illustrated  and  described.  Inventors, 
model  makers  and  amateur  mechanics  and  students,  will 
find  the  work  valuable  far  beyond  its  cost.  Sold  by 
Dewey  &  Co.,  Patent  AgeutB  and  publishers  of  Mining 
aitd  Sohwtifiq  Press,  San  Francisco,  Price,  81,  (post  paid. 


A.  S.  HALLIDIE. 

Office,  No.  6  CaUIecniaCsireer. 

SAW  ffcAN*t<Sri     V- 


iron  and  Steel  Wire  Rope, 


Flat  and  Round,  for  Mini/% 
Hoisting  and  Qa 


flipping, 
poses. 


Having  thrXmolt  c^rtTpleto  .^flffextensivo 
WujjtfSV  Wfc rks  id  th<*Wnitcd  States.  I  mm 
prvptlw4^o  mahaafatfturo  Wire  Ilopo  and  Cablet 
of  an  Aliingtn  or  size  at  short  notice,  and  guar- 
antee) the  quality  and  workmanship  equal  to 
my  mado  at  home  or  abrnadr^v 

Iron,  Steel-ajjd^GdlvaJized  Wire 

Of  all  bizes  cm  li5bk\or-fcado  to  order, 

Barht^-Vence 

Sole  Froprjoier-ef 

HalMei^Ia^eVx 

S^tn^STTAspoiVatleTTor  Ores.  EtCV 
aQTSentr^ftr  avircular. 

A.  S.  HAIXIDXE. 

Office,  No.  e  California  St.,  San  Francisco 


W.   T.   GARRATT'S 

BRASS  and  BELL  FOUNDRY 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 
.MANUFACTURER  AND  IMPORTER  OP 

Church  and  Steamboat  BELLS  and  GONGS 
BRASS  CASTINGS  of  all  kinds, 
WATER  GATES,   GAS  GATES, 
FIRE  HYDRANTS, 

DOCK  HYDRANTS, 

GARDEN  HYDRANTS 

General   Assortment    of    Engineers'   Findings. 

Hooker'B    Patent 
Celebrated 

STEAM  PUMP 

jfgrThe  Best  and  Moat 
Durable  in  use.  Also, 
a  variety  of  other 

PUMPS 

For  Mining  and  Frtrm- 
inj?  Purposes. 

ROOT'S  BLAST  BLOWERS, 

For  Ventilating  Mines  and  for  Smelting  Works. 

HYDRAULIC    PIPES    AND     NOZZLES, 

For  Mining  Purposes. 

Garratt's    Improved     Journal    Metal. 

IMPORTER   OF 

IRON  PIPE  AND  MALLEABLE    IRON    FITTINGS. 

ALL  HINDS  OP 

WORK  AND  COMPOSITION  NAILS, 

AT  LOWEST  RATES. 


N.    W.    SPAULDING'S 


PATENT   DETACHABLE   TOOTH    SAWS, 

Manfuactory.  17  &  19  Fremont  St.,  S.  F. 


ST,    DAVID'S. 

A     FIRST-CLASS     LODGING      HOUSE. 

CONTAINS   113  ROOMS. 

715  Howard  St.,  near  Third,  San  Francisco. 

This  House  is  especially  designed  as  a  comfortable  home  for 
gentlemen  and  ladies  visiting  the  city  from  the  interior.  No 
dark  rooms.  Gas  and  running  water  in  encii  room.  The  floors 
are  covered  with  body  Bhiflsds  carpet,  an  dull  of  tho  furniture 
is  made  of  solid  black  walnut.  Eacli  bed  has  a  spring  mat- 
tress, with  an  additional  hair  top  mattress,  making  them  tho 
most  luxurious  and  healthy  beds  in  the  world.  Ladies  wish- 
ing to  cook  for  themselves  or  families,  are  allowed  the  free 
use  of  a  large  imblk  kitchen  and  dining  room,  with  dishes. 
Servants  wash  the  dishes  and  keep  up  a  constant  fire  from  6 
A.  m.  to  7  P.  M.  Hot  and  cold  baths,  a  large  parlor  and  read- 
ing room,  containing  a  Grand  Piano— all  free  to  guests.  Price 
single  rooms  per  night,  50  cts,;  per  week,  from  §2.50  upwards. 
R.  HUGHES,  Proprietor. 

At  Market  Street  Ferry,  take  Omnibus  line  of  street  cars 
to  corner  Third  and  Howard. 


Tbis  paper  is  printed  with  Ink  furnished  by 
Chas.  Eneu  Johnson  &  Co.,  609  South  10th 
St.,  Philadelphia  &  59  Gold  St.,  N.  Y. 


262 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[April  19,   1879. 


Irop  arid  fHachipe  Ifforb 


IHOS.  PENDEKQAST. 


HENRY  S.  SMITH. 


yETNA   IRON    WORKS, 

MANUFACTURERS  OP 

IRON  CASTINGS 

and      MACHINERY 

OP  ALL  KINDS,' 

Fremont  Street,  Bet.  Howard  and  Polsom, 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 


SACRAMENTO  BOILER   WORKS, 

214  &  216  BEALE  St.,  (rear  of  iEtua  Foundry) 

J.  V.  HALL, 

PRASTICAL    BOILER    MAKER, 

Marine,  Stationary  and  Portable  Boilers,  Smoke  Stacks, 

Hydraulic  Pipe,   Oil  or  Water  Tanks,    Ore  and 

Water  Buckets,  Gasometers,  Girders,  Bridges 

and   Iron   Ship   Building. 

ALL    KINDS    OF   SHEET    IRON    WORK. 

Repairing    promptly    attended    to    at    the 
lowest   possible    terms. 


UNION  IRON  WORKS, 

SACRAMENTO,    CAL. 
ROOT,    NEILSON    &    CO., 

MANUFACTURERS  OF  . 

STEAM    ENGINES,  BOILERS   AND    ALL 

Kinds  of  Machinery  for  Mining   Purposes. 

Flouring  Mills',  Saw  Mills'  and  Quartz  Mills*  Machinery 

constructed,  fitted  up  and  repaired. 

Front  Street,  Between  N  and  O  Streets, 

SACRAMENTO,     CAL. 


PHELPS 
MANUFACTURING    COMPANY, 

Manufacturers  of  all  kinda  of 

Wharf  and  Bridge  Bolts,    Bailroad  Trestle 

Work,   Car  Frames  and  Bolts,  Machine 

Bolts,   Set  Screws    and   Tap  Bolts, 

Lag    or    Coach    Screws. 

ALL  STYLES   OF  FANCY  HEAD  BOLTS. 

HOT  AND  COLD  PRESSED  HEXAGONAL  AND 

SQUARE  NUTS,  WASHERS,  BOLT  ENDS, 

TURNBUCKLES,  ETC.,  ETC. 

13, 15  and  17  Drumm  St.,  near  California, 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 


Golden  State  &  Miners  Iron  Works, 

Manufacture  Iron  Castings  and  Machinery 
of  all  Kinds  at  Greatly  Reduced  Bates. 

STEVENSON'S  PATENT 

Mold-Board  AMALG-AMATOKS, 
Golden  State  Pressure  Blowers. 

First  St.,  between  Howard  &  Folsom,  S.  F. 


Wm.  H.  Birch.  John  Argall. 

California    Machine   Works, 
BIRCH,    ARGALL    &    CO,, 

119  Beale  Street,  San  Francisco. 

£3TGeneral  Mechanical  Engineers  and  Machinists. 
Steam  Engines,  Flour,  Quartz  and  Mining  Machinery. 
Sole  manufacturers  of  Brodie's  Patent  Rock  Crushers  and 
Steel-Faced  Tappits.  Steam,  Hydraulic  and  Sidewalk 
Elevators.    Repairing1  promptly  attended  to. 


California    Brass    Foundry, 

No.  125  First  Street,  Opposite  Minna 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 

All  kinda  of  Brass,  Composition,  Zinc,  and  Babbitt 
Metal  Castings,  Brass  Ship  Work  of  all  kinds,  Spikes, 
sheathing  Nails,  Rudder  Braces,  Hinges,  Ship  and  Steam- 
boat Bells  and  Gongs  of  superior  tone.  All  kinds  of  Cocks 
and  Valves,  Hydraulic  Pipes  and  Nozzles,  and  Hose  Coup- 
lings and  Connections  of  all  sizes  and  patterns,  furnished 
with  dispatch.  $3LPRICES  MODERATE.  *®fc 

J.  H.  WEED.  V.  KINGWELL. 


STEAM  ENGINES  AND  BOILERS 

Of  all  Bizes — from  2  to  60-Horse  power.  Also,  Quartz 
Mills,  Mining  Pumps,  Hoisting  Machinery,  Shafting,  Iron 
Tanks,  etc.     For  sale  at  the  lowest  prices  hy 

J.    HENDY,  49  and  61  Fremont  Street,  S.  F. 


THOMAS  THOMPSON. 


THORNTON  THOMPSON. 


THOMPSON    BROTHERS, 

EUREKA    FOUNDRY, 

129  and  131  Beale  St. ,  between  Mission  and  Howard,  S.  F 

MANUFACTURERS  OF  CASTINGS  OF  EVERY  DESCRIPTION. 


W I M  n  Mill  Oni30f  the  best  made  in  this  State 
bviiils  imit-u*  for  sale  cheap  on  easy  terms.  Ad- 
dress, W.  T.  care  of  Dewey  &  Co. ,  3.  F. 


GEORGE  W.  PRESCOTT. 


IRVING  M.  SCOTT. 


H.  T.  SCOTT. 


Union    jron    Works. 

Office,  61  First  St.  |  Cor.  First  &  Mission  Sts.,  S.  F.  |  p.   0.   Box,  2128, 


BUILDERS    OF 


Steam,    Air   and    Hydraulic    Machinery. 

Home  Industry.— All  Work  Tested  and  Guaranteed. 

Vertical  Engines, 
Horizontal  Engines, 
Automatic  Cut-off  Engines, 
Compound  Condensing  Engines, 
Shafting, 

TRY    OUR    MAKE,  CHEAPEST   AND    BEST    IN    USE. 
Send  for  Late  Circulars.  PRESCUTT,  SCOTT  &  CO. 


Baby  Hoists, 

Stamps, 

Ventilating  Fans, 

Pans, 

Rock  Breakers, 

Settlers, 

Self-Feeders, 

Retorts, 

Pulleys, 

Etc.,  Etc 

^AT  i  1 1  i  a  m      H  awkins, 

Successor  to 

ZEI.A.'WIKinsrS  3c  C-A-ICTTZR/IELIj, 
MACHINE      WO  R  KS, 

210  and  212  Beale  Street,  bet.  Howard  and  Folsom  Sts.,    -    -    San  Francisco. 

Manufacturers    of 

IMPROVED    PORTABLE    HOISTING    ENGINES, 

For  Mining  and   Other   Purposes. 

Steam  Engines  and  all  Kinds  of  Mill  and  Mining  Machinery. 


Pacific  Rolling  Mill  Co., 

SAN    FRANCISCO,    CAL. 

MANUFACTURERS    OF 

RAILROAD  AND    MERCHANT  IRON, 

ROLLED  BEAMS,  ANGLE,  CHANNEL  AND  T  IRON,  BRIDGE  AND  MACHINE  BOLTS,  LAG  SCREWS,  NUTS 
WASHERS,  ETC.,  STEAMBOAT   SHAFTS,  CRANKS,  PISTONS,  CONNECTING    RODS,  ETC.,  ETC. 

Car  and  Locomotive  Axles  and  Frames,  and  Hammered  Iron  of  Every  Description. 

HIGHEST    PRICE    PAID    FOR    SCRAP    IRON. 

SW  Orders  Solicited  and  Promptly  Executed.  Office,  No.  16  FIRST  STREET. 


Fulton    Iron    T^orks. 

Hinckley,  Spiers  &  Hayes. 

(ESTABLISHED    IN    1855.) 

Works,  Fremont  and  Howard  Sts.  |  San  Francisco,  Cal.  |  Office,  No.  213  Fremont  St. 


MANUFACTURERS    OF 


Marine  Engines  and   Boilers, 

Propeller  Engines  either  High  Pressure  or  Com- 
pound Stem  or  Side  Wheel  Engines. 

Mining  Machinery. 

Hoisting  Engines  and  Works,  Cages,  Ore  Buckets,  Ore 
Cars,  Pumping  Engines  and  Pumps,  Water  Buckets, 
Pump  Columns,  Air  Compressors,  Air  Receivers, 
Air   Pipes. 

Mill  Machinery. 

Batteries  for  Dry  or    Wet  Crushing,    Amalgamating 


Pans,  Settlers,  Furnaces,  Retorts,  Concentrators,  Ore 
Feeders,  Rock  Breakers,  Furnaces  for  Reducing  Ores 
Water  Jackets,  Etc. 


Sugar  Machinery. 


Crushing  Rolls,  Clarifiers,  Vacuum  Pans,  Air  Pumps, 
Concentrators,  Bag  Filters,  Charcoal  Filters,  Blow-up 
Tanks,  Coolers  and  Receiving  Tanks. 


Miscellaneous   Machinery. 


Flour  Mill  Machinery,  Saw  Mill  Engines  and  Boilers, 
Dredging  Machinery,  Oil  Well  Retorts,  Powder  Mill  Ma- 
chinery, Water  Wheels. 


FnflinPQ     3  riff     KnilAPQ   °^  a11  kinds,  either  for  use  on  Steamboats  and  made  in  accordance  with  the 
L_liyillOO     ailu     DIM  SCI  o   Act  of  Congress  regulating  the  same,  or  for  use  on  land.  Water  Pipe,  Pump 
or  Air  Column,  Fish  Tanks  for  Salmon  Canneries  of  every  description. 
Boiler  repairs  promptly  attended  to  and  at  very  moderate  rates. 


PACIFIC    IRON    WORKS, 

First  and  Fremont  Streets,  between  Mission  and  Howard,  San  Francisco,  Cal., 
RANKIN,    BRAYTON    &    CO., 

Manufacturers    of 

ENGINES,  BOILERS,   MARINE   AND    STATIONARY.      PUMPING,   HOISTING,  AND    MINING  .  MACHINERY 

INCLUDING  BATTERIES,  AMALGAMATING  PANS  AND  SETTLERS,  CONCENTRATORS,  ORE  FEEDERS, 

CRUSHING  ROLLS  AND  ROCK  BREAKERT.     ALSO,  WATER  JACKET  SMELTING  FURNACES, 

FOR  REDUCING  LEAD,  SILVER    AND    COPPER    ORES,  QUICKSILVER    FURNACES, 

RETORTS  AND  CONDENSERS,  ROASTING  AND   CHLORIDIZING  FURNACES, 

SUGAR    MILL    MACHINERi,   WATER    WHEELS,  Etc.,  ALL    OF    THE 

LATEST  AND  MOST  IMPROVED  CONSTRUCTION. 

Agents  for  the  Allen  Engine  Governor,  Bailey  Air  Compressor,  Howell's 
Improved  White  Furnaces,  "Walker's  Compound  Steam  Pumps,  Etc. 


'Western  Iron  "Worlds, 

316     and     318     Mission     Street,     San     Francisco, 
PERRY  EDWARDS,  Prop'r. 

Manufacturer  of  Wrought  Iron  Girders,  Trusses,   Prison   Cells,  Iron  Roofs,  Crest 
Railings,  Finials,  Fences,  Weathervanes,  Gratings,  Iron  Work  for  Models,  Etc. 

Nickel  Plated  Railings.        Bank  and  Store  Fittings.       Estimates  given  and  Iron  Work  furnished  for  Buildings. 


Take  the  Paper  that  stands  by  your  in- 
terests. 


Dewey  &  Co.  {^st} Patent  Ag'ts. 


Corner  Beale  and  Howard  Sts., 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 

W.  H.  TAYLOR,,  Pres't.  JOSEPH  MOORE,  Sup't. 

Builders  of  Steam  Machinery 

In  all  its  Branches, 

Steamboat,  Steamship,  Land 

Engines  and  Boilers, 

flIGH  PRESSURE  OE  COMPOUND. 


STEAM  VESSELS,  of  all  kinds,  built  complete  with 

Hulls  of  Wood,  Iron  or  Composite. 
ORDINARY    ENGINES    compounded   when   ad- 
visable. 
STEAM  LAUNCHES,  Barges  and  Steam  Tugs  con- 

structed  with  reference  to  the  Trade  in  which  they  are 

to  be  employed.    Speed,  tonnage  and  draft  of  water 

guaranteed. 
STEAM    BOILERS.    Particular  attention  given  to  I 

the  quality  of  the  material  and  workmanship,  and  none 

but  first-class  work  produced. 
SUGAR     MILLS     AND     SUGAR-MAKING 

MACHINERY  made  after  the  most  approved  plans. 

AIbo,  all  Boiler  Iron  Work  connected  therewith. 
WATER  PIPE,  of  Boiler  or  Sheet  Iron,  of  any  size 

made  in  suitable  lengths  for  connecting  together, 

sheets  rolled,  punched,  and  packed  for  shipment  ready 

to  be  riveted  on  the  ground. 
HYDRAULIC    RIVETING.      Boiler    Work    and 

Water  Pipe  made  by  this  establishment,    riveted  by 

Hydraulic  Riveting  Machinery,   that  quality  of  work 

being  far  superior  to  hand  work. 
SHIP  "WORK.    Ship    and   Steam  Capstains,  Steam 

Winches,  Air  and  Circulating  Pumps,  made  after  the 

most  approved  plans. 
PUMPS.    Direct  Acting  Pumps,  for  Irrigation  or  City 

Water  Works  purposes,  built  with  the  celebrated  Davy 

Valve  Motion,  superior  to  any  other  Pump. 


Electric  Model  &  Machine  Works 

Inventors  and    others  can  (ret  First-Class 
Work  at  Moderate  Prices. 

After  10  years  experience  with  inventions  and  other 
mechanical  work,  I  am  fully  prepared  to  execute  draw- 
ings, working-models  and  fine  machinery  of  any  descrip- 
tion to  entire  satisfaction. 

Brass  Finishing,  Pattern  Making,  Gear  Cutting,  Tele- 
graphic and  other  Electrical  Apparatus  by  competent 
workmen. 

TELEPHONES   TO   ORDER. 
F.  W.  FULLER,  415  Market  Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


Main    Street    Iron    Works, 

WM.    DEACON,    PROPRIETOR. 

Nos.  131, 133  &  135  Main  St.,  San  Francisco. 

Stationary  and  Marine  Engines, 

Shafting,  Pulleys,  and  General  Machine  Work.  Jobbing 
and  repairing  done  Promptly  and  at  Lowest  Rates. 
Screw  Propellors,  Propeller  and  Steamboat  Engines. 

SAW  MILLS  and  SAW  MILL  MACHINERY. 


Ill 

BERRY  4  PLACE 


Market,  head  of  Front  Street,  San  Francisco. 


Diamond    Drill    Co. 

The  undersigned,  owners  of  LESCHOT'S  PATENT 
for  DIAMOND  POINTED  DRILLS,  now  brought  to  the 
highest  state  of  perfection,  are  prepared  to  fill  orders 
for  the  IMPROVED  PROSPECTING  AND  TUNNELING 
DRILLS,  with  or  without  power,  at  short  notice,  and 
at  reduced  prices.  Abundant  testimony  furnished  of 
the  great  economy  and  successful  working  of  numerous 
machines  in  operation  in  the  quartz  and  gravel  mines 
on  this  coast.  Circulars  forwarded,  and  full  infor- 
mation given  upon  application. 

A.  J.  SEVERANCE  &  CO. 
Office,  No.  320  Sansome  street,  Room  10. 


GOLD    MINE    WANTED. 

Ono  now  paying  more  than  expenses.     Addros 

W.    S.    KEYES,    M.    E., 
No.  310  Pine  St.,  Room  42,   San  Francisco 


Should    con- 
sult DEWEY 
CO.,  Am br- 


California  inventors 

ican  and  Foreign  Patent  Solicitors.  Established  in 
1860.  Their  long  experience  as  journalists  and  large  prac- 
tice as  patent  attorneys  enables  them  to  offer  Pacific  Coast 
inventors  far  better  service  than  they  can  obtain  else- 
where. Send  for  free  circulars  of  information.  Office  of 
the  Mining  and  Scientific  Press  and  Pacific  Rural 
Press,  No.  202  Sansome  St.,  Sau  Francisco. 


April  ig,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


263 


A.  L.  FISH  &  CO.,  9  and  1 1  First  St.,  S.  F.,  Cal. 


JlTJ&  compressors 

AND 

Air   Column, 

Steam. 
PUMPS, 

AND 

Pump  Column, 
STEAM 

Fire  Engines 


BACON'S  HOISTING   ENGINE. 

Specially  adapted  to  U8o   in    Mines,    Ilotcla,  Factories  and 
Steamships,  with  BACON'S  SAFETY  STOP. 


AND 


Hose'[0arts. 


LATHES,  PLANES, 
ROCK  DRILLS,  Etc. 

STEAM     HAMMERS, 

ENGINE 

Governors, 

WINE, 
CIDER, 


UNION    ROCK    DRU.L 

We  guarnntce'to  raise  Water  with  these  Pumpa  1,000  feet,        Jj&rQ    ±I'0SSGSi     We  offer  thia  as  the  Least  Complicated  and   Mob 
single  lift,  without  shock  or  jar  on  Pumps  or  Pipes.  Durable  Rock  Drill  yet  introduced. 


ENGINES,    BOILERS,    QUARTZ    MILLS,    SAW    MILLS,    &c. ,    Ac. 


RUSSELL'S  AMALGAMATOR. 


Patented  Juno  25ih,   1878. 

SAYB    YOTTIR,    GOLD 
And    Also    SAVE    YOUR    QUICKSILVER. 

The  above  Washer  and  Amalgamator  with  new  patent  Wire  Bridge  Quicksilver  Boxes  attached,  can  be  worked 
wot  or  dry,  cither  by  hand,  steam,  horse  or  water  power,  and  is  easily  taken  apart  and  packed.  For  washing  Pulp, 
Earth,  Gravel,  Mill  Tailings  or  Black  Sand,  it  is  without  a  rival. 

Has  been  Thoroughly  Tested  and  given  Complete  Satisfaction. 


The  eutlre  Lining,  Hanging  Plates,  Riffles  and  Boxes  Amalgamated 

IS    GUARANTEED    TO  SAVE    THE    FINEST    OR    FLOAT    GOLD. 

Capacity,  30  to  60  tons  per  day,  according  to  size.     For  further  particulars  apply  to 

J.   MORIZIO,  Gen'l  Agt., 

Room  24,  Safe  Deposit  Building,  Corner  Montgomery  and  California  Streets,   SAN  FRANCISCO. 


SANDERSON  BROS.  &  CO.'S 

Best  Refined.  Cast-Steel. 

Warranted  Most  Superior  for  Drills,  Hammers,  Etc. 

A  full  and    complete  stock   of  this   reliable  and  well-known 
brand  of  Steel,  for  mining  and  other  uses,  now  in  stock  and  for  sale 

At  No.  417  Market  St.,  S.  F.,   ■   H.  D.  Morris,  Agent. 


San   Francisco   Pioneer   Screen   Works, 

J.  W.  QUICK,  Manufacturer, 

Several  first  premiums  received 
for  Quartz  Mill  Screens,  and  Per- 
forated Sheet  Metala  of  every 
description.  I  would  call  special 
attention  to  my  SLOT  CUT  and 
SLOT  PUNCHED  SCREENS, 
which  are  attracting  much  at- 
tention and  giving  universal 
I  satisfaction.  This  is  the  unly 
\  establishment  on  the  coast  de- 
voted exclusively  to  the  manufac- 
ture of  Screens.  Mill  owners  using  Battery  Screens  exten- 
sively can  contract  for  large  supplies  at  favorable  rates. 
Orders  solicited  and  promptly  attended  to. 

32  Fremont  Street,  San  Francisco. 


Mm 


LAND 


Good  laud  that  will  raise  a  crop  every 
year.  Over  14,000  acres  for  sale  in  lots  to 
suit.  Climate  healthy.  No  drouths,  bad 
floods,  nor  malaria.  Wood  and  water 
convenient.  U.  S.  Title,  perfect.  Send  stamp  for  illus- 
trated circular,  to  EDWARD  FRISBIE,  Proprietor  of 
Reading  Ranch,  Anderson,  Shasta  County,  Cal. 


THE    AMERICAN 


■TURBIIE 


All  sizes, 
and  adapted  to ' 

from  .    .  . 

ttS     Water  Wheels 


THE  BEST  IN  THE 
WORLD  ! 

Send  for  our  Circular 
and  Prices. 

BERRY  &.  PLACE. 

[Market  St.,  Head  of  Front, 

San  Francisco. 


THE  SAFETY  POWDER  COMPANY, 


San,  Francisco,  Cal. 


CARTRIDGE. 


GEN.  W.  S.  R0SECRANS, 
President. 


Fuse  Lighter  and  Fuse. 
HE 


Safety  Cap  and  Fuse. 


COL.  SAM'L  0.  GREGORY, 
Secretary. 


Electric  Cap. 


Safety  Powder,  Caps,  Electric  Caps,  and  Fuse  Lighters. 

Under  a  series  of  U.  S.  Patents,  after  long  and  carefully  conducted  experiments  and  thou- 
sands of  tests,  this  Company  is  prepared  to  manufacture  and  supply,  for  Mining  and  Engineering 
Works,  the  above  named  articles  at  prices  and  on  terms  as  favorable  as  articles  of  similar  grades 
are  now  supplied  in  this  market.  Our  Powders  contain  no  Nitro-glyceriue,  no  Nitroline,  no  Gun 
Cotton,  no  Fulminates,  and  are  free  from  the  unavoidable  dangers  in  manufacturing 
transporting,  handling  and  using  of  all  high  grade  explosives  which  contain  those  elements. 

Cold  does  not  affect  them.  They  cause  no  headaches  or  other  inconveniences  in  handling, 
and  the  smoke  from  their  explosion  contains  no  poisoning  or  sickening  vapors. 

Their  blasting  force,  with  slight  tamping,  at  least  equals  that  of  any  Powders  now  used,  but 
they  admit  and  require  strong  tamping  to  bring  out  their  immense  and  peculiar  lifting  power 
which  follows  their   detonating  work.     They  should  be  tired,  therefore,  by  our 

Safety   Cap, 

Which  allows  tamping  without  danger.  They  can  be  fired  by  any  caps  now  employed  in  blasting, 
but  the  use  of  these  is  always  dangerous  with  any  Powder,  and  the  loss  of  the  throwing  fpower 
resulting  from  lack  of  tamping  renders  it  with  our  Powders  doubly  objectionable. 

Our  SAFETY  CAPS  have  twice  or  thrice  the  force  of  triple  Giant  Caps.  When  set  on  fire 
they  do   not  explode,  but  merely  burn  off,  and  are  perfectly  safe  in  transporting  and  in  tamping. 

In  round  tin  boxes,  50  cents. 


The  Safety   Fuse   Lighter 


Cheap,  handy  and  sure  to  light  the  Fuse  upon  the  end  of  which  it  is  fastened,   only  needs  a  trial 
to  be  appreciated  by  every  miner  who  is  up  to  "snuffs."     25  Cents  per  box;  sent  by  mail. 

Safety   Fuse, 

Equal  to  the  best  in  the  market,  will  be  supplied  at  the  lowest  market  prices. 


In  consequence  of  spurious  imitations  of 

LEA    AND    PERRINS'    SAUCE, 

which  are  calculated  to  deceive  the  Public,  Lea  and  Perrins 
have  adopted  A  NEW  LABEL,  bearing  their  Signature, 


thus, 


oCe&c&Lr. 


which  is  placed  on  eve*y  bottle  of  WORCESTERSHIRE 
SA  UCE,  and  witlumt  which  none  is  genuine. 

Ask  for  LEA  &•  PERRINS'  Sauce,  and  see  Name  on  Wrapper,  Label.  Bottle  and  Stopper. 
Wholesale  and  for  Export  by  the  Proprietors,  Worcester;  Crosse  and  Blackwell,  London. 
cVc,  &c. ;  and  by  Grocers  and  Oilmen  throughout  the  World. 

To  be  obtained  of  CROSS  &  CO.,  San  Francisco. 


264 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[April  19,   1879. 


Mining  Machinery  Depot, 


PARKLE  eft? 

No.  417  Market  Street,  San  Francisco. 


NO.    7    IMPROVED 

AIR    COMPRESSOR. 


With  Adjustable  Cut-off  Poppet  Valve  Engine,  and  Forced  Iron  Crank  Shafts. 


SPECIAL    ADVANTAGES. 

Absolute  certainty  in  the  action  of  the  valves  at  any  speed.  Perfect  delivery  of  the  air  at  any 
speed  or  pressure.  The  heating  of  the  air  entirely  prevented  at  any  pressure.  Takes  less  T^ater  to 
cool  the  air  than  any  other  Compressor. 

Power  applied  to  the  best  advantage.  Access  obtainable  to  all  the  valves  by  removing  air  chest 
coverB.  Entire  absence  of  springs  or  friction  to  open  or  shut  the  valves.  No  valve  stems  to  break 
and  drop  inside  of  cylinders. 

Have  no  back  or  front  heads  to  break.  The  only  Machine  that  makes  a  perfect  diagram.  No 
expensive  foundations  required.     Absolute  economy  in  first  cost  and  after  working. 

Displacemein T8  in  air  cylinder  perfect.  Showing  less  leakage  and  friction  than  our  competitors 
and  a  superior  economy  of  about  20  per  cent. 

Small  Sizes  made  in  Sections  not  to  Exceed  300  lbs. 


HERCULES    SLAYING    THE    GIANTS. 


HERCULES  POWDER 

Derives  its  name  from  Herculbs,  the  most  famous  hero  of  Greek  Mythology,  who  was  gifted  with  superhuman 

strength.    On  one  occasion  he  slew  several  giants  who  opposed  him,  and  with  one  blow 

of  his  club  broke  a  high  mountain  from  summit  to  base. 


HERCULES  POWDER  will  break  more  rock,  is  stronger,  safer  and  better  than  any  other 
Explosive  in  use,  and  is  the  only  Nitro-Glycerine  Powder  chemically  compounded  to  neutralize 
the  poisonous  fumes,  notwithstanding  bombastic  and  pretentious  claims  by  others. 

No.  1  (XX)  is  the  Strongest  Explosive  Known. 
No.  2  is  superior  to  any  powder  of  that  grade 

PATENTED  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE. 


THE    CALIFORNIA    POWDER   WORKS, 

MANUFACTURERS  OF 

Sporting,  Cannon,  Mining,  Blasting  and  HERCULES  Powder. 

ORDERS  RECEIVED  FOR  HERCULES  CAPS  AND    FUSE. 


JOHN    F.   LOHSE,   SECY. 


Office,  No.  230  California  Street, 


San  Francisco,    Cal. 


MANUFACTURED  UNDER  A.   NOBEL'S  ORIGINAL  AND  ONLY  VALID  NITROGLYCERINE  PATENTS 

Nos.  ONE,    TWO    and    THREE. 

Stronger,    Better  and  Safer  than  any  other  High  Explosive. 

tPucLson    Powder 

IS  NOW  USED  IN  ALL  LARGE  HYDRAULIC  CLAIMS. 

It  breaks  more  ground,  pulverizes  it  better,  saves  time  and  money,  and  is    superseding    the    ordinary 
powder  wherever  it  is  tried.    £S*Triple  Force  Caps  and  all  Grades  of  Fuse. 

BANDMANN,    NIELSEN  £&    CO.,  San  Francisco. 


THE     POOR     MAN'S     PROSPECTING 

HAND    OR    POWER    QUARTZ    STAMP    MILL. 

Two  men  can  operate  it 
all  day.  It  is  simple,  effi- 
cient and  durable.  The 
force  of  the  blow  can  be 
changed  so  as  to  strike  a 
light  or  avery  heavy  blow 
readily.  Two  men  can 
work  this  Mill  to  its  full 
capacity,  and  do  the  work 
as  well  as  can  be  done 
with  any  of  the  old-style 
heavy  Stamp  Mills.  An 
Inspection  of  this  Machine 
will  convince  any  practi- 
cal person  that  it  is  the 
most  perfect  Quartz 
Stamp  Mill  e\er  pro- 
duced in  this  or  any 
other  country.  A  large 
number  of  old  practical 
Miners  have  seen  it,  and 
they  all  say  (it  is  a  per- 
fect Hand  Stamp  Mill. 
We  put  on  a  band  pulley, 
so  it  can  be  run  with 
power.  The  cut  is  a  cor- 
rect representation  of  C. 
EATON'S  Patent  LATE- 
LY PERFECTED  MILL. 

—  FOR  — 

PROSPECTING 

IT  IS  SIMPLY 

Perfection! 

When  power  is  used, 
each  Stamp  will  strike 
150  blows  per  minute. 
The  force  of  the  blow  in 
comparison  to  the  face  of 

the  stamp  (4J-  inches)  is  greater  than  that  of  any  of  the  neavy  power  Stamps.  Stamps  and  Dies  cast  on  Chill.  These 
Machines  are  well  and  thoroughly  made,  nothing  about  them  to  get  out  of  order.  They  are  put  together  with  bolts. 
Can  be  taken  apart  readily,  so  as  to  be  convenient  to  pack  on  a  mule's  back.  The  whole  machine  weighs  about  1,300 
pounds.  The  heaviest  piece  weighs  200  lbs.  These  Mills  will  do  more  work  (according  to  money  invested)  than  any 
of  the  old  heavy  Stamp  Mills  For  sale  at  AMES'  STEAM  ENGINE  DEPOT,  14  S.  Canal  street,  Chicago, 
Illinois.    Net  Cash  Price,  $150.  COLLINS    EATON 


The  strongest  and 
most  economical  ex- 
plosive in  use. 


VULCAN  BLASTING  POWDER. 

Wherever  it  has  been  given  a  test,  it  has  surpassed  all  other  high  explosives. 

Works  at    SAN.=P£5J;S'  California,  I  nffiop      No.  123  California   Street, 

HUinaai        and  RENO.  Nevada.  i  Ullll»c,  s^.n    FRANCISCO. 


GARDNERS' 


Celebrated 


Oovsrnor 


These  Steam  Governors   have   long 
been  known  as  THE  BEST,  and 
as  lately  Improved  and  Per- 
fected, they  have  no  Eival. 

THE    SAFETY     STOP 

On  these  Governors  is  alone  worth  double  the  price  of 
the  Governor.    We  have  Bold  over  six  hundred,  and 

Never  one  has  Failed. 

They  are  sold  at  the  same  price  (or  less)  as  ordinary 
Governors.    Send  for  Circular. 

BERRY  &  PLACE, 

Market,  head  of  Front  St.,  San  Francisco 


FOR    SALE. 
Reduction     Works, 

—  AT  — 

Melrose  Station.  Alameda  County, 

—  WITH  AN  — 

EXCELLENT  ARTESIAN   WELL 

Apply  to    TJNGEB  &  MENDHEIM, 

208  Montgomery  St.,  San  Francisco. 

PirlmrocnilO    ByE.  CONKLIN,  Representative 
r  II/IUI  C3CJUG     of  the  National  Associated  Press, 
Ari7ni19  aiK'  art'st  anti   correspondent  of 

MI  IZ.UIIO..  Frank  Leslie's  publications.     Be- 

ing: the  result  of  Travels  and  Observations  in  Arizona  dur- 
ing the  fall  and  winter  of  1877.  Fully-  illustrated.  Sent 
by  mail,  post-paid,  for  §2.  Address  DEWEY  &  CO., 
202  Sanaome  Street,  S.  F. 


Working    Ores   Dry. 

Pamphlets  on  DRY  AMALGAMATION  forwarded  free 
ou  receipt  of  addreBS  to       ALMABIN  B.  PAUL, 
Room  20,  Safe  Deposit  Building,  San  Francisco. 


An  illustrated  Journal  of  Mining,  Popular  $ehnc®  and  timeral  N@w& 


Publl  Miters. 


SAN  FRANCISCO,  SATURDAY,  APRIL  26,  1879. 


Number    17. 


Waterproof  Cellars. 

It  is  not  enough  to  have  pure  air  and  pure 
water  in  the  house  we  live  or  do  business  in, 
but  it  ia  equally  necessary  that  the  health  of  the 
occupant  should  be  looked  after  by  having  Der- 
fect  ventilation,  heating  and  drainage.  Were  it 
Dot  for  the  trade-winds  that  blow  in  from  the 
ocean  during  the  summer  months  that  carry 
away  the  exhalations  arising  from  imperfect 
sewerage  of  this  city,  our  death  rate  would  be 
largely  increased.  We  have  another  source  of 
evil  in  the  exhalations  arising  from  damp  and 
wet  cellars  in  that  part  of  the  oity  extending  up 
from  the  water  front  to  a  line  of  Sansome  street, 
and  extending  south  across  Market  street,  which 
has  been  tilled  in  above  water  level  with  the 
sand  taken  from  the  sand  hills  in  leveling.  The 
cellars  of  the  buildings  erected  on  this  "made 
land"  are  not,  in  most  cases,  of  sufficient  depth 
for  business  purposes;  that  is,  on  the  part 
furthest  away  from  the  bay.  Those  nearest 
the  bay  scarcely  admit  of  standiug  room,  and 
the  buildings  on  the  water  front 
have  no  cellars  at  all. 

The  buildings  on  Market  street, 
near  Main,  have  basements  about 
five  feet  six  inches  in  depth, 
while  those  on  Market  and  First 
or  Davis  are  but  six  feet  high  in 
the  clear;  the  depth  increases  aa 
we  approach  Sansome  street.  The 
noxious  exhalations  arising  from 
the  stagnant  waters  directly  be- 
neath the  doors  when  the  floors 
are  made  just  above  the  water 
level  aud  with  only  a  film  of  as- 
phattum  for  covering,  renders 
these  apartments  damp,  and  the 
asphaltum  does  not  seal  the  exha- 
lations like  an  impervious  coating. 

Not  only  that,  but  in  many 
cases  the  property  is  deprived  of 
valuable  business  room  by  not  hav- 
ing sufficient  bight  of  story  for  a 
proper  business  apartment.  Mr. 
Tobias  New,  of  New  York  city, 
has  invented  a  valuable  device 
for  remedying  these  evils  by  which 
any  of  these  basements  may  be 
made  as  dry  as  possible,  and  useful 
for  the  sale  of  the  finest  dry-goods. 
They  are  entirely  free  from  damp 
and  moisture,  even  when  the  base- 
ment door  is  six  feet  below  the 
water  level.  With  a  construction 
of  this  character  all  the  basements  »0 

on  the  city  front  could  be  made 
available    for    business   purposes. 

In  all  methods  of  making  water-tight  cellars 
heretofore,  the  inventors  have  had  to  depend  on 
a  Waterproof  lining  of  impervious  materials,  the 
pressure  of  the  water  being  counterbalanced  by 
weight  being  placed  on  the  floor.  It  is  evident 
that  in  cases  where  the  water  was  deep  and  the 
foundation  of  the  building  was  not  sufficiently 
deep  to  allow  the  excavation  necessary  to  con- 
tain the  required  load  or  weight  to  counterbal- 
ance the  great  depth  of  water,  it  would  be  im- 
possible to  get  the  necessary  amount  of  head 
room;  and  the  lower  down  the  waterproof  lining 
ia  placed  the  greater  becomes  the  weight  of 
masonry.  The  great  desideratum  has  been  to 
get  some  kind  of  construction  that  should  offer 
the  required  resistance  to  counterbalance  the 
upward  pressure  of  water,  and  still  occupy  a 
minimum  depth,  so  that  by  keeping  as  near  the 
Burface  of  the  cellar  as  possible,  or  by  stopping 
the  water  at  as  high  a  level  as  possible,  there 
would  be  less  weight  of  water  to  overcome,  and 
of  course,  a  proportionally  less  excavation  and 
less  cost  of  construction. 
j  The  waterproof  layer  is  placed  on  the  inner 
Bides  of  the  cellar  wall  shown  in  the  engraving. 
The  inner  wall  is  constructed  of  flagstones  or 
other  suitable  material  of  sufficient  strength  to 
resist  any  expected  pressure  from  without.  The 
floor  is  made  smooth,  with  either  concrete  or 
lumber,  and  the  waterproof  lining  is  applied, 
extending  also  along  the  perpendicular  walls  to 
a  sufficient  hight  to  be  above  the  greatest  rise 
of  water.  A  layer  of  concrete  is  next  applied 
on  the  waterproof  lining  and  then,  across  the 
cellar,  tie  rods  are  placed   of  sufficient  number 


and  strength,  when  combined  with  the  weight 
of  concrete,  to  resist  the  upward  pressure  of 
the  water.  The  flagstones  will  be  anchored  at 
the  top  and  backed  up  with  concrete,  so  that 
the  tie  rods  are  held  rigidly  in  their  places  and 
prevented  from  rising  when  strain  is  brought 
upon  them  by  the  upward  pressure  of  the  wa- 
ter. To  complete  the  bottom  and  form  the 
floor  for  storing  merchandise  or  other  uses,  aud 
to  prevent  the  flagstones  from  being  forced  in- 
ward by  the  pressure  of  water  and  the  strain  of 
the  tie  rodB,  the  latter  are  covered  with  an- 
other layer  of  concrete  or  artificial  stone,  or,  if 
preferred,  with  a  compact  layer  of  brick  or 
tiling.  It  is  evident  that  by  this  construction 
a  flat  arch  or  trass  is  formed  in  the  bottom,  of 
great  strength  and  sufficient  to  counterbalance 
with  six  or  eight  inches,  four  to  six  feet  depth 
of  water.  The  concrete  below  the  tie  rod  is 
made  to  resist  the  upward  pressure,  tending  to 
crown  the  floor  aud  the  tie  rods,  re-enforce  the 
same  by  their  tensile  resistance,  preventing  an 
arching  of  the  structure.  The  effect  of  the  up- 
ward or  lifting  pressure  of  the  water  will  be  to 
bring  the  strain  on  the  tie  rods,  and  before  the 
floor  can  be  lifted  the  rods  must  break  or  the 
artificial  stone  must  crush.     It  has  been  learned 


An  Unfortunate  Class  of  Investors. — 
That  English  mine  investors  Bhould  have  be- 
come discouraged  not  to  say  disgusted  with 
their  experience  on  this  coast,  is  not  to  be  won- 
dered at.  With  few  exceptions  their  invest- 
ments whether  made  in  stocks,  mines,  tunnel 
or  other  schemes,  have  turned  out  badly. 
Whatever  they  have  been  concerned  in  has  been 
attended  with  disappointment  and  failure.  They 
had  only  to  touch  a  living  thing  and  it  died. 
Aud  yet  they  do  not  seem  to  have  acted  pre- 
cipitately in  making  these  investments.  They 
neglected  none  of  the  usual  precautions  aud 
overlooked  none  of  the  safeguards  that  are  con- 
sidered essential  to  success.  On  the  contrary 
they  appear  to  have  acted  with  prudence — 
coolly,  deliberately,  with  all  that  business 
acumen  and  commercial  sagacity  for  which  they 
are  proverbial.  They  consulted  what  were 
deemed  intelligent  and  reliable  sources  of  in- 
formation in  regard  ta  our  mioes;  they  em- 
ployed competent  experts  to  examine  them; 
they  came  and  looked  at  them  themselves;  and, 
finally,  having  purchased  these  properties  and 
raised  sufficiency   of    working  capital,    placed 


T.    NEWS    PATENT    WATER-TIGHT    CELLAR- 


by  actual  experiment  that  the  same  amount  of 
water  can  be  counterbalanced  by  about  one- 
third  the  thickness  of  construction  now  re- 
quired; consequently  two-thirds  of  the  thick- 
ness of  floor  ia  saved  and  an  equal  amount  of 
excavation. 

With  this  construction,  cellars  can  be  made 
dry  below  tide  water;  and  cellars  now  full  of 
water  may  be  made  dry  enough  for  the  storage 
of  silk.  Cellars  now  unfit  lor  use,  and  that 
cannot  be  rented  for  any  price,  can  be  made  as 
dry  as  any  room  in  the  building,  aud  when  bo 
fixed  can  be  used  for  any  purpose.  In  many 
cases  the  rent  for  the  first  year  will  pay  for  the 
work  in  making  the  necessary  alteration. 

P.  H.  Jackson  &  Co.,  No.  2  California  street, 
in  this  city,  are  agents  for  the  new  patent 
cellar.  They  are  also  manufacturers  and  li- 
censees for  Pacific  coast  of  Hyatt's  patent  vault 
lights  and  illuminating  tiles,  and  Hyatt's  patent 
basement  extension  roof.  They  will  give  any 
desired  further  information  on  the  subject. 


They  have  three  mining  academies,  in  Aus- 
tria, for  the  education  of  engineers  and  officers 
in  the  higher  branches  of  the  business,  and  six 
schools  for  affording  workmen  such  instructions 
as  they  most  require. 

During  the  three  months  ending  March  31st, 
there  were  2,523  failures  in  the  United  States 
aud  Territories,  with  liabilities  amounting  to 
§43,112,665. 


Napa  county  ia  manufacturing  olive  oil. 


them  under  a  capable  supervision,  and  awaited 
results,  which,  in  nine  cases  out  of  ten,  have 
come  only  in  the  shape  of  disappointment,  vex- 
ation and  loss.  It  may  well  be  asked  how  this 
has  happened  !  There  is  something  phenome- 
nal about  it.  It  is  inexplicable  !  We  cannot 
account  for  it,  and  allude  to  the  fact  because 
of  its  strangeness,  and  in  the  hope  that  some 
one,  being  especially  informed  touching  the 
causesof  these  failures,  so  general  and  almost  uni- 
form, if  any  such  there  be,  will  vouchsafe  to 
give  the   public   the  benefit  of   his   knowledge. 

The  Lick  Observatory. — Mount  Hamilton 
was  long  ago  selected  by  the  trustees  of  the 
Lick  Trust  as  the  most  elegible  site  in  the  State 
for  the  location  of  the  observatory  projected  by 
the  late  Jame3  Liok,  and  for  which  lie  provided 
the  sum  of  §700.000.  But  the  mountain  has 
three  peaks — Observatory  peak,  4,302  feet 
high;  East  peak,  4,448  feet;  and  Middle  peak, 
4,318  feet,  and  on  which  of  these  the  observa- 
tory is  to  be  erected  has  never  as  yet  been  de- 
cided. Late  Eastern  dispatches  Btate  that 
on  the  recommendation  of  Prof.  Newcomb,  of 
the  Washington  observatory,  Mr.  S.  W.  Burn- 
ham,  a  Chicago  lawyer  and  astronomer  of  some 
distinction,  has  been  appointed  by  the  trustees 
to  make  this  selection,  and  he  will  at  once  pro- 
ceed to  carefully  test  their  comparative  suita- 
bleness, with  a  view  to  its  definite  location  and 
immediate  erection. 


The  silver  question  is  rapidly  coming  to  the 
front  in  England. 


Extending   the  Scale   of  Vein   Mining 
Operations. 

Prof.  J.  E.  Clayton,  now  of  Salt  Lake, 
formerly  a  resident  of  California,  has  been  dis- 
cussing of  late,  both  through  the  press  and  be- 
fore the  Bullion  club  and  other  financial  organ- 
izations in  New  York,  the  manner  in  which 
mining  enterprises  should  be  undertaken  and 
carried  on,  this  gentleman  contending  that  min- 
ing for  the  precious  metals  is  not  only  a  legiti- 
mate but  a  highly  useful  industry,  and,  when 
properly  pursued,  as  little  risky  and  as  certain 
in  its  results  as  any  other.  In  some  remarks 
recently  made  by  Prof.  Clayton  before  the  New 
York  Bullion  club,  he  advocated  the  policy  of 
formiDg  companies  with  enough  capital  to  pur- 
chase entire  groups  of  mines  or  even  whole 
mining  districts,  as  one  that,  by  reason  of  the 
large  scale  on  which  the  business  could  be 
prosecuted,  would  reduce  the  hazards  to  a 
minimum,  while  the  chances  for  profit  would  be 
increased  in  a  like  ratio,  instances  being  cited 
in>  which  this  plan  would  be 
especially  applicable.  Where,  for 
example,  the  veins  are  small  but 
numerous,  a  large  success  can  be 
gained  in  no  other  way.  In  locali- 
ties of  this  kind,  if  care  iB  taken 
to  find  out  the  position  of  the 
largest  and  best  bunches  of  ore, 
extensive  reduction  works  may  be 
kept  in  steady  operation,  even  in 
districts  where  there  are  lodes  of 
only  the  smallest  size. 

Prof.  Clayton  then  indicated 
certain  rules  that  would  aid  the 
mine-explorer  in  locating  the  more 
valuable  ore  deposits  in  a  district, 
such  as  a  careful  examination  of 
the  geology;  also,  a  close  inspec- 
tion of  the  outcrop  of  each  lode, 
with  a  view  to  ascertaining  the 
length  of  any  ore  bodies  that  might 
appear  on  the  surface,  a  thorough 
test  of  the  ore  being  meantime 
made;  the  surface  ore  will,  as  a 
general  rule,  be  found  to  indicate 
the  average,  value  of  that  met  with 
for  several  hundred  feet  below. 
This  is  work  that  Bhould  be  faith- 
fully performed  preliminary  to 
anything  being  done  underground. 
In  entering  upon  this,  it  is  of  the 
first  importance  that  the  shafts 
put  down  and  the  levels  run  are 
in  the  proper  places  with  refer- 
ence to  the  outcrops  and  ore  chutes. 
The  pitch  of  the  latter  should 
be  noted,  so  they  can  be  opened  with  as  little 
dead  work  as  possible,  and  the  depth  at  which 
they  will  be  likely  to  pass  the  end  lines  of  the 
locator's  claim  and  enter  that  adjoining,  be 
ascertained.  Generally  the  pitch  of  an  ore 
chute  can  be  determined  before  opening  up  the 
latter  to  any  great  depth,  such  pitch  being  de- 
noted pretty  accurately  by  the  structure  of  the 
lode  and  the  stria:  or  grooves  on  its  walls,  these 
lines  of  movement  being  always  present  in  true 
veins. 

When  a  number  of  the  principal  lodes  in  a 
district  have  been  opened  up  to  a  considerable 
depth,  the  results  afford  a  clue  to  the  probable 
value  of  the  other  lodes  in  the  neighborhood. 
The  danger  of  putting  up  too  large  reduction 
works  is  one  to  be  guarded  against.  A  mine 
should  have  ore  enough  in  the  reserves  to  repay 
the  purchase  mpney  and  put  up  mills  at  the 
very  start,  a  two  years'  stock  being  afterwards 
always  kept  in  sight. 

No  Bottom  to  It. — We  have  the  authority  of 
Prof.  Frank  Stewart  for  saying  that  there  is  not 
a  permanent,  mineralized  vein  in  the  entire 
Leadville  district.  They  have  there  nothing 
but  argentiferous  lead  ores,  which  almost  inva- 
riably occur  in  shallow  beds  and  limited  cham- 
bers. Hence  the  danger  that  the  bitter  expe- 
riences of  White  Pine  will  find  repetition  in 
these  much  talked  of  Colorado  mines. 

The  President  has  set  aside  a  large  reserva- 
tion in  Washington  Territory  for  Chief  Moses 
and  his  tribe. 


266 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[April  26,  1879. 


Silver  with  the  Gold. 

[Written  for  the  Press  by  A.  B.  Paol.] 
Whenever  anyone  refers  to  mining  in  the 
State  of  Nevada,  silver,  as  the  metal  worked 
for,  is  inferred,  and  when  such  reference  is 
made  to  California,  gold  is  implied;  all  arising 
from  tne  fact-  that  the  first  State  mentioned  is 
celebrated  for  its  production  of  silver  and  the 
latter  for  its  gold.  I  do  not  say  this  is  strictly 
incorrect,  and  yet  in  one  sense  it  is,  as  each 
State  produces  both  silver  and  gold.  There  are 
two  facts,  however,  to  be  considered  in  connec- 
tion with  this  matter;  first,  milling  in  Nevada 
is  so  superior  in  its  systems  of  amalgamating, 
that  if  ores  contain  gold  they  get  there  a  better 
per  cent,  of  it  than  is  done  in  California.  The 
other  fact  is  that  where  silver  is  associated  with 
the  gold  in  the  California  ores,  the  system  by 
which  the  gold  is  here  undertaken  to  be  saved, 
viz  :  by  the  use  of  stamps,  copper  plates  and 
blankets,  precludes  the  possibility  of  saving 
the  silver.  Owing  to  this  latter  fact,  the  opinion 
generally  prevails  that  in  California  the  "gold 
leads"  do  not  carry  silver.  Now,  I  can  assure 
those  who  entertain  this  idea  that  if  they  will 
make  trial  of  100  of  the  "gold  mines"  of  this 
State,  that  75  of  them  will  be  found  to  carry 
enough  silver  to  pay  all  the  expenses  of  extrac- 
tion and  reduction,  provided  their  mills  are  so 
constructed  and  operated  as  to  save  this  metal 
as  well  as  the  gold.  Several  years  ago  I  made 
extended  experiments  with  this  class  of  ores 
and  here  present  some  of  the  resultB  obtained, 
and  which  I  happen  to  have  at  hand. 

Assay  on  five  lots  of  tailing,  from  different 
places,  went  as  follows  : 

Gold.  Silver. 

No.  1 10.04  8.14 

No.  2 5.02  3.93 

No.  3 r 13.55  9-28 

No.  4 12.06  4.90 

No.  5 4.13  6.77 

From  the  above  it  will  be  seen  that  the  aver- 
age of  these  five  tests  was  $8.96  gold,  and  $5.01 
silver. 

Two  tests  of  concentrations  went  as  follows  : 

Gold.  Silver, 

No.  1 81.40  35.06 

No.  2 56.00  33.00 

Showing  that  concentrations  carry  a  goodly 
quantity  of  silver,  all  of  which  is  lost. 

One  tells  us,  when  we  speak  of  losing  gold  by 
battery  working,  that  he  gets*  all  lost  in  his 
sulphurets,  which  he  works  by  chlorination. 
He  may  in  this  way  get  a  fair  percentage  of  the 
gold,  but  at  the  loss  of  all  the  silver;  and  this  is 
a  serious  loss,  if  those  who  chlorinate  will  only 
examine  before  roasting. 

Some  years  ago  a  compilation  of  assays  made 
by  United  States  assayers  of  per  cent,  of  gold 
and  silver  in  the  various  mines  of  this  State  waB 
made  by  Mr.  Hanks,  the  results  of  which  fully 
establishes  my  position,  the  statement  in  per- 
centage being  as  follows  : 

Gold.  Silver. 

No.    1 76.86  20.67 

No.    2 86.57  12.33 

No.    S 86.87  12.33 

No.    4 88.75  8.83 

No.    5 89.10  10.50 

No.    6 89.61  10.05 

No.    7 90.01  9.01 

No.    8....- 90.33  6.80 

No.    9 90.70  8.88 

No.  10 90.90  8.70 

No.  11 , 90.96  9.04 

No.12 94.00  7.00 

No.  13 92.70  6.90 

No.  14 93.53  6.47 

No.  15 96.42  3.50 

The  average  of  the  above  tests  is  $89.68  gold, 
and  $9.41  silver.  This  ought  to  lead  to  investiga- 
tion by  our  gold  miners,  that  they  may  ascertain 
how  much  silver  their  ores  contain;  for, 
while  some  may  carry  20%  or  30%  silver,  others 
may  not  carry  enough  to  make  the  saving  an 
object.  From  the  foregoing  it  will  be  seen  that 
when  I  deride  the  mode  of  amalgamating  the 
precious  metals  generally  adopted  in  Califor- 
nia, I  have  good  reason  for  so  doing,  my  opinion 
being  founded  on  investigation,  not  mere  guess 
work. 

Crushing  rock  seems  to  be  the  great  object 
with  California  millmen — not  saving  the  metal — 
make  sure  to  get  so  many  tons  of  rock  through, 
and  everything  else  is  satisfactory,  till  they 
come  to  clean  up,  when  there  is  surprise  and 
disappointment.  Crushing  machinery  has  been 
brought  to  perfection  here. 

No  where  else  have  they  more  powerful  ma- 
chinery or  greater  completeness  of  mechanical 
detail.  But  reducing  ore  is  one  thing,  and 
proper  amalgamation  of  the  precious  metals  is 
another.  Now  if  our  ores  contain  say  $5  a  ton 
in  silver,  why  not  save  a  proper  percentage  of 
it  ?  This  would  in  some  mills  pay  all  expenses, 
and  leave  the  gold  product  clear  profit.  Times 
are  hard,  men  work  for  even  a  dollar  a  day,  and 
yet  there  is  waste  enough  going  on  in  our  Cali- 
fornia mills  to  more  than  equal  the  -present  prod- 
uct. If  every  mill  in  the  State  was  used  simply 
as  a  crushing  machine,  taking  up  what  can  be 
secured  on  copper  plates,  and  the  old  Mexican 
arastras  were  put  in  below,  it  would,  in  my 
opinion,  make  a  difference  of  $10,000,000  per 
annum  in  the  bullion  product  of  the  State. 
With  no  other  change  than  this,  there  would  be 
success  in  scores  of  cases  where  now  is  only 
failure.  In  fact,  failure  in  this  State  is  only 
another  name  for  inexcusable  waste.    ■ 

In  view  of  the  past,  one  would  be  almost  lead 
to  believe  that  a  premium  had  been  offered  for 
a  device  by  which  the  largest  amount  of  the  pre- 
cious metals  could  be  run  off  and  lost,  and  that 
our  California  millmen  had  secured  the  bonus. 


Papago  Country. 

For  the  past  few  years  the  Arizona  Sentinel 
has  been  industriously  calling  public  attention 
to  that  part  of  Arizona  lying  south  of  the  Gila 
and  west  of  the  Santa  Cruz,  known  as  the 
Papago  country.  Few  men  traveling  along  the 
level  deserts  bordering  the  Gila  have  been  able 
to  comprehend  that  40  miles  south  of  that 
stream,  and  along  the  Sonora  boundary,  ex- 
tends a  far  more  attractive  country;  whose 
mountains  are  not  altogether  of  lava,  and  whose 
valleys  are  watered  by  a  rainfall  heavy  enough 
to  clothe  them  with  grass  and  trees,  and  to 
enable  the  Papago  Indians  to  raise  crops  of 
cereals  and  vegetables  without  irrigation;  to 
understand  that  its  geological  formation  is 
highly  favorable  to  the  existence  of  big  and  rich 
mines  of  silver,  copper,  lead,  and  antimony. 
The  persistence  of  their  assertions  has  led  to 
vigorous  prospecting  down  in  that  section,  and 
to  the  discovery  of  great  mines,  to  which  value 
is  now  being  given  by  construction  of  the  South- 
ern Pacific  railroad.  These  mines  are  already 
attracting  the  attention  of  Eastern  capitalists. 
Fourteen  of  them  have  recently  been  bonded  for 
New  York  parties  by  Mr.  George  Tyng,  at 
$175,000.  The  figure  is  large,  but  the  property 
gives  reasonable  promise  of  being  worth  it. 
These  mines  include  the  Gunsing  group,  which 
has  already  attracted  some  attention  by  ship- 
ment of  ores,  which  pulped  from  $400  to  nearly 
$3,000  per  ton.  Though  these  mines  have  been 
considerably  overrated,  they  certainly  are  large, 
strong  veins,  cropping  boldly  for  distances  of 
several  hundred  feet,  and  to  widths  of  10  to  40 
feet.  They  carry  a  large  proportion  of  lead, 
whose  decomposed  forma  attract  and  deceive 
the  unpracticed  eye;  but  they  also  carry  rich 
seams  of  silver  ore,  sprinkled  with  particles  of 
horn  silver  and  wax  chlorides,  about  which 
there  can  be  no  mistake.  Mr.  Tyng  has  sent 
to  San  Francisco  for  an  ample  stock  of  tools  and 
supplies,  and  the  true  character  of  these  great 
veins  is  likely  to  be  determined  within  a  few 
months.  It  is  to  be  hoped  the  result  will  be 
satisfactory,  as  this  will  lead  to  rapid  develop- 
ment of  many  large  and  promising  mines  in  the 
vicinity. 

At  first  sight  there  appears  to  be  a  scarcity  of 
water,  but  careful  examination  of  the  country 
must  convince  anyone  that  plenty  of  water  can 
be  found  by  wells  of  moderate  depth.  The 
rainfall  is  considerable;  the  washes  and  gulches 
made  by  surface  drainage  do  not  indicate  the 
flowing  away  of  masses  of  water  proportionate 
to  the  area  of  country  drained;  the  soil,  and 
much  of  the  bedrock,  is  porous;  the  natural  in- 
ference is  that  its  water  seeps  away  very  slowly 
through  underground  channels,  or  is  retained  by 
cross-dykes.  This  theory  is  supported  by  the 
result  of  the  few  wells  that  have  been  dug 
down  there. 


Eureka  Mining  Product. — Within  a  radius 
of  five  miles  of  the  town  of  Eureka,  there  are  at 
the  present  time  70  producing  mines,  yielding 
in  the  neighborhood  of  700  tons  of  ore  per  day. 
The  amount  of  ore  extracted  varies  from  200 
tons  apiece,  as  at  the  Eureka  Con.  and  Rich- 
mond, to  a  few  hundred  pounds  picked  out  by 
chloriders  in  the  less  famous  properties.  Some 
of  this  ore  is  very  rich  and  will  assay  up  into 
the  hundreds,  and  none  extracted  will  work  less 
than  an  average  of  $50  per  ton,  and  it  can  be 
safely  estimated  that  the  regular  daily  yield  of 
the  district  will  reach  $35,000.  Not  all  of  this 
output  goes  directly  to  the  furnaces,  as,  in  the 
case  of  the  smaller  mines,  it  is  stored  upon  the 
dumps  until  .it  accumulates  in  sufficient  quan- 
tities to  warrant  a  shipment.  In  some  instances 
as  much  as  300  tons  have  been  hoisted  out  and 
stored  away,  waiting  for  roads  and  trails  to  be- 
come solid,  and  this  ore  will  be  sent  to  the 
smelting  works  next  month.  On  Prospect 
mountain  the  rock  has  to  be  transported  by 
mule  trains,  a  tedious  and  costly  method,  and 
one  that  forbids  the  utilizing  of  any  except  a 
very  high  grade,  and  it  is  a  notorious  fact  that 
thousands  of  tons  of  second-class  rock  have 
been  exposed  in  the  shafts  and  levels  of  Pros- 
pect Mountain  claims  that  would  pay  a  hand- 
some profit  for  working,  if  there  were  good 
wagon  roads  leading  to  the  apex  of  the  moun- 
tain.— Eureka  Leader. 


The  Big  Trees  of  California. — Prof.  Brewer 
points  out  two  errors  that  are  current  about 
them,  one  relating  to  their  hight,  and  the  other 
to  their  age.  The  "Father  of  the  Forest"  is 
generally  said  to  have  been  450  feet  high  when 
in  his  glory.  The  fact  is,  no  one  knows  how 
high  it  was.  When  the  grove  was  first  seen  by 
white  men,  the  prostrate  tree  was  already  part 
rotten,  and  the  whole  top  burned  away.  The 
highest  tree  in  the  Calaveras  grove  is  225  feet, 
and  the  highest  in  the  Mariposa  272  feet.  The 
highest  in  the  Kings  River  grove  is  300  feet. 
As  to  their  age,  their  is  no  reason  to  believe 
that  even  the  eldest  began  its  growth  "long  be- 
fere  David  reigned  in  Israel,"  as  people  are 
fond  of  asserting.  One  of  these  trees  was  felled 
in  1853,  and  found  to  be  sound  to  the  core.  Its 
age  is  known  to  within  a  few  years,  and  it  began 
its  growth  more  than  2,500  years  after  David 
died.  It  is  possible  that  some  of  the  oldest 
trees  of  this  species  may  have  begun  its  growth 
2,000  years  ago,  but  not  at  all  probable  that  any 
reached  back  to  within  a  thousand  years  of  the 
time  of  the  Jewish  king.  — Silver  Statt. 


A  Monster  Locomotive. 

Uncle  Dick  weighs  sixty-five  tons,  and  he  is 
sixty  feet  long  from  his  head  light  to  the  rear 
end  of  his  tender.  He  is  the  biggest  locomotive 
in  the  world,  and  has  just  been  turned  out  of 
the  Baldwin  locomotive  works  for  duty  on  the 
precipitious  inclines  of  the  Atchison,  Topeka 
and  Santa  Fe  railroad.  A  boiler  21  feet  long 
supplies  steam  for  cylinders  20  inches  26,  and 
gives  motion  to  eight  42-inch  drivers,  while  a 
large  tank  surmounting  the  entire  structure  not 
only  carries  a  water  supply,  but  helps  to  give 
Uncle  Dick  a  tighter  grip  on  the  rails.  His 
driver  will  have  control  of  three  independent 
systems  of  air  brakes,  and  can  bring  to  bear  at 
once  upon  his  wheels  a  restraining  force  of  75 
tons,  which  is  none  too  large,  inasmuch  as  a 
"shoe  pressure"  of  50,000  pounds  is  required 
to  keep  him,  when  standing  still  and  alone  on 
the  steep  road  over  the  Ruton  pass,  from  sur- 
rendering to  gravitation  and  rushing  down  hill 
by  his  own  weight.  How  heavy  these  grades 
are  can  be  understood  when  it  is  noted  that  one 
end  of  Uncle  Dick  will  often  stand  more  than 
three  feet  higher  than  the  other,  so  that  in 
traveling  his  own  length  he  will  do  the  work  of 
lifting  about  250  tons  a  perpendicular  foot. 
And  yet  this  monster,  rejoicing  in  his  strength, 
will  rush  up  the  flank  of  the  Rocky  mountains 
with  ten  loaded  cars  behind  him. — Denver 
Tribune. 


The  Bodie  Placers. — The  excitement  over 
our  placer  mines,  says  the  Bodie  News,  con- 
tinues to  increase.  All  are  anxious  to  get  in. 
Over  100  shafts  have  been  commenced;  all  that 
sunk  to  the  gravel  got  first-rate  prospects.  The 
great  difficulty  in  sinking  is  the  water  struck 
after  sinking  6  or  10  feet,  which  will  require 
pumps  to  free  them  so  they  can  be  worked  to 
advantage.  John  Cullen  and  his  company  have 
the  richest  claim  so  far  as  opened;  they  find 
some  of  the  richest  quality  of  quartz  that  fairly 
sparkles  with  gold,  others  with  seams  of  gold 
running  through  it.  This  will  surely  lead  to 
the  thorough  development  of  the  whole  canyon 
and  flat,  with  the  almost  certain  probability  of 
finding  some  rich  ledges.  Already  has  ground 
been  taken  up  for  quartz  mining.  This,  of 
course,  does  not  interfere  with  the  claimants  of 
placer  mines.  Thereare  moreprospectivemillion- 
aires  to-day,  in  Bodie,  than  any  other  town  in 
the  State.  The  shrewd  ones  are  on  the  alert  to 
locate  or  snap  up  any  claims  offered  for  sale. 
The  prospects  are  that  1,000  men  will  be  at 
work  in  these  placer  mines  within  a  month, 
especially  if  water  is  furnished  to  work  them. 
Still  we  would  not  advise  miners  from  other 
parts  to  come  here  as  we  have  all  the  labor  re- 
quired. 

Coal  in  Idaho. — The  Silver  City  Avalanche 
says  that  a  12-foot  vein  of  coal  was  discovered 
in  the  vicinity  of  Sinker  creek.  Indications  of 
its  existence  were  discovered  there  a  long  time 
ago  by  Judge  Tutt  and  others,  and  within  a  few 
days  he  and  W.  H.  Cooper,  James  Lyman,  John 
Grete  and  P.  Brennan,  located  the  ground  and 
put  a  small  force  of  men  at  work  sinking  pits. 
At  the  depth  of  six  feet  from  the  surface  it 
haB  been  tested  by  blacksmiths  with  very  favor- 
able results,  revealing  a  considerable  portion  of 
material  for  fuel  in  its  composition.  The  light 
which  comes  from  it  shows  considerable  cjas, 
and  it  is  expected  that  the  quality  will  improve 
as  the  descent  progresses.  If  it  should  turn  out 
to  be  the  genuine  article,  and  there  are  strong 
indications  that  it  is,  it  will  be  a  big  thing  for 
the  country.  There  can  be  no  doubt  that  both 
coal  and  iron  exist  in  abundance  in  various 
parts  of  Idaho,  and  that  these,  as  well  as  many 
other  of  our  great  resources,  have  not  been 
touched  as  yet.  Gold  and  silver  are  not  the 
only  treasures  that  are  hidden  within  these  vast 
ranges  of  mountains. 

Water  Consumption. — The  quantity  of 
water  now  being  consumed  by  the  South- 
ern Pacific  Kailroad  Company,  at  its  con- 
struction front,  is  prodigous.  Eight  huge 
water-tanks  are  daily  hauled  out  to  the 
front.  No  water  is  now  sold  by  the  company 
at  Gila  Bend.  All  that  used  by  outsiders  there 
has  to  be  hauled  on  wagons  from  the  Gila  river, 
four  miles  distant.  An  additional  line  of  pipes 
has  been  laid  from  water- works  to  the  tank  at 
Yuma.  The  pumping  engine  is  kept  at  work 
till  a  late  hour  at  night.  The  new  water-works 
at  Texas  Hill  are  progressing  well;  and  will 
Boon  afford  some  relief  to  those  here,  the  tanks 
are  all  set  up  and  the  pipe  is  nearly  laid.  The 
water  is  to  be  pumped  up  into  a  reservoir  on  a 
bluff  near  the  river,  from  which  it  will  flow 
through  five  miles  of  pipe  into  the  tanks  at 
Texas  Hill.  An  artesian  well  is  being  bored  for 
the  S.  P.  R.  R-,  out  on  the  California  desert, 
by  a  company  of  Chicago  men,  who  have  the 
finest  outfit  of  boring  tools  ever  brought  to  this 
coast.  Their  derrick  is  eighty  feet  high.  They 
are  making  good  progress. 

Arizona  Railroad  Iron. — For  some  time, 
large  quantities  of  railroad  iron  have  been  going 
through  for  the  extension  of  the  Southern  Pacific 
railroad  in  Arizona.  Hundreds  of  tons  pass 
through  almost  every  day.  In  the  last  month 
at  least  2,000  or  3,000  tons  must  have  gone 
through,  and  more  continues  to  come  every  day. 
This  would  indicate  a  determination  on  the  part 
of  the  Southern  Pacific  managers  to  push  their 
road  East  very  rapidly  this  summer.  The 
probabilities  are  that  the  heart  of  Arizona  will 
be  pierced  by  a  railroad  inside  of  a  year.  This 
railroad  company  are  not  buying  this  iron  to  let 
it  lie  in  idleness. — Reno  Gazette. 


The  Geology  of  the  Leadville  Carbonates. 

Prof.  Weiser  writes  to  the  Georgetown  (Colo- 
rado) Courier  the  following  statement  of  his  in- 
vestigations and  conclusions: 

The  carbonate  field  of  Leadville  is  at  this 
time  attracting  more  public  attention  than  any 
other  mineral  locality  in  the  world.  Scientific 
men  everywhere  are  anxious  to  know  something 
about  the  formation  of  this  extraordinary  local- 
ity. I  have  been  engaged  for  some  days  exam- 
ining the  geology  of  this  field,  and  although  the 
snow  has  prevented  me  from  making  a  thorough 
examination,  yet  I  have  seen  enough  to  satisfy 
my  own  mind  that  the  whole  territory  of  Cali- 
fornia gulch,  with  all  its  lateral  branches,  swells 
and  hills,  belongs  to  the  cenozoic  time  and  in  the 
lower  eocene  of  the  tertiary,  with  the  lignitic  of 
the  cenozoic  just  below  it,  and  the  upper  cretace- 
ous of  the  mesozoic  just  below  that.  Between  the 
main  range  of  the  Rocky  mountains,  and  one  of 
the  large  eastern  spurs,  there  was  at  one  time, 
probably  before  the  glacial  age,  a  large  fresh 
water  lake,  the  waters  of  which  held  in  solution 
carbonate  of  lime,  lead,  silver,  gold,  and  iron. 
These  minerals  in  the  oourse  of  long  ages  were 
slowly  precipitated  to  the  bottom  of  this  lake. 
Ages  after  this  precipitation,  and  perhaps  after 
this  lake  had  become  drained,  the  internal  oscil- 
lation of  the  earth,  occasioned  by  the  motions  of 
the  liquid  material  of  the  earth,  threw  up  the 
hills  and  swells  as  we  now  see  them.  The 
whole  territory  once  covered  by  this  mountain- 
lake  must,  therefore,  contain  a  deposit  of  the 
precious  metals,  together  with  lead,  iron,  lime 
and  silica.  This  is  my  theory  on  the  formation  of 
the  carbonate  fields.  I  am  aware  that  some 
scientists  reject  the  theory  of  precipitation  from 
solution  in  water,  but  I  think  the  majority  of 
most  advanced  geologists  have  agreed  that  min- 
eral may  all  have  been  precipitated  in  water,  and 
after  its  precipitation  may  have  been  disturbed 
by  igneous  action.  This  is  the  opinion  of  Prof. 
Von  Cotta  in  his  great  work  on  "Ore  Deposits." 
Prof.  Newbury,  in  "Appleton's  Encyclopaedia," 
in  the  article  on  "Mineral  Deposits,"  also  ad- 
mits the  water  deposit.     (See  his  article.) 

The  superposition  of  the  carbonate,  as  far  as 
my  observations  extend,  is  about  as  follows: 

First — There  is  a  post-glacial  deposit  of  from 
6  to  150  feet,  for  it  seems  to  vary  in  different 
localities,  but  there  is  as  yet  not  data  enough 
to  determine  anything  about  the  depth  of  thia 
deposit. 

Second — An  anti-glacial  deposit  consisting  of 
half-rounded  boulders  and  gravel  of  from  4  to 
10  feet  in  thickness. 

Third — A  deposit  of  calcite  (here  called  por- 
phyry) several  feet  thick.  This  stratum  is 
looked  upon  by  prospectors  as  a  good  indica- 
tion: it  seems  to  vary  very  much  in  thickness — 
from  a  mere  trace  to  several  feet. 

Fourth — An  iron  band,  in  some  places  many 
feet  thick  and  at  others  also  a  mere  trace.  This 
iron  stratum  lies  on  the  mineral  stratum,  so 
that  as  soon  as  iron  is  struck,  which  ia  here 
called  the  point  of  contact,  the  miner  knowa 
that  the  mineral  belt  ia  near  at  hand. 

This  mineral  belt  ia  sometimes  very  large, 
i.  e.,  wide  and  thick.  I  do  not  know  that  any- 
thing very  definite  has  yet  been  determined  as 
to  the  full  extent  of  this  belt.  The  opinion  ia 
largely  entertained  here  that  the  mineral  belt  ia 
found  in  wavy  undulations,  because  the  min- 
eral is  found  at  some  points  much  nearer  the 
surface  than  at  others.  These  .undulations 
were  evidently  formed  aoon  after,  or  probably 
before  the  lake  was  drained,  and  were  caused 
by  the  internal  oscillations  of  the  earth,  the 
same  forces  that  threw  up  at  an  earlier  period 
the  Rocky  mountains. 

In  regard  to  the  quantity  of  the  mineral, 
which  is  an  argentiferous  carbonate  of  lead,  we 
have  not  as  yet  sufficient  data  to  come  to  any 
definite  conclusion,  but  from  the  developmenta 
thus  far  made  the  quantity  must  be  immense. 
Thus  at  one  point  the  mineral  stratum  has  been 
penetrated  to  the  depth  of  over  40  feet,  and  at 
other  points  it  may  be  even  thicker.  Now  sup- 
pose we  base  our  calculation  on  the  quantity  of 
mineral,  upon  a  single  mine  site,  which  in  Lake 
county  is  1,500x300  feet,  it  would  give  about 
250,000  tons  to  each  acre,  and  as  there  are  10 
acres  to  each  claim,  we  have  2,500,000  tons  in 
a  single  mine;  and  as  there  are  hundreds  of 
mines  already  located  and  hundreds  more  to 
locate,  some  idea  of  the  quantity  of  mineral 
here  may  be  formed.  The  territory  over  which 
this  carbonate  field  extends  maybe  30  miles 
long  and  6  wide,  making  an  area  of  115,000 
acres.  When  will  such  a  field  be  exhausted? 
Verily,  this  is  a  wonderful  country,  the  like  of 
which  the  world  has  never  seen. 


Cart.  Boynton's  Rubber  Suit. — The  rubber 
life-saving  dress  is  in  two  parts,  tunic  and  panta- 
loons. The  latter  contains  an  air  chamber  in 
each  leg,  which  extends  to  the  tops  of  the  boots, 
while  the  waist  is  girdled  with  a  resisting  steel 
band,  on  which  is  mounted  a  flange  or  ridge  of 
heavy  rubber.  The  jointure  is  made  by  lapping 
the  tunic  over  the  band,  and  a  similar  ridge 
drops  into  the  groove  formed.  A  belt  thrown 
over  the  whole  makes  a  perfectly  tight  joint. 
The  tunic  contains  three  air  chambers;  one  in 
the  breast,  back  and  head.  When  the  latter 
chamber  is  inflated  through  the  tube,  it  forma 
an  excellent  pillow,  raising  the  head  of  the  oc- 
cupant sufficiently  to  give  him  a  complete  range 
of  vision.  The  suit  is  of  most  delicate  construc- 
tion, and  yet  it  will  resist  the  most  terrible 
breakers  and  seas.  The  face  is  the  only  portion 
of  the  body  exposed,  and  this  accounts  for  the 
bronzed  features  of  the  famous  navigator. — 
Cincinnati  Commercial. 


April  26,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS 


267 


GZ? 


LECHANICAL 


ROGRESS. 


Improvements  in  Iron  Production. 

The  grand  fact  in  the  history  of  iron  for  the 
list  20  years  has  been  the  gradual  but  pretty 
rapid  substitution  of  the  softer  varieties  of  steel 
to  a  very  large  extent  for  wrought  iron.  The 
•arlier  experiments  of  Bessemer  and  some  others 
who  worked  at  about  the  same  time,  were  di- 
rected to  the  production  of  this  latter  material 
by  a  quicker  and  easier  process  than  "puddling" 
for  the  removal  of  the  carbon  of  cast  iron. 
These  experiments  were  unsuccessful  so  far  as 
the  complete  removal  of  oarbuu  and  production 
of  thoroughly  soft,  pure  iron  was  concerned 
but  they  proved  the  feasibility  of  manufacturing 
steel  directly  from  cast  iron  with  far  less  expen- 
diture of  time,  fuel  and  labor  than  older  methods, 
such  as  "cementation,"  involved,  in  which  car- 
bon had  first  to  be  removed,  producing  wrought 
iron,  and  subsequently  added  again  slowly  and 
in  restricted  amount.  The  new  processes,  more- 
over, carried  with  them  the  great  advantage  of 
operation  at  so  high  a  temperature  that  the 
meta!  was  completely  fused,  and  hence  much 
more  uniform  in  character  than  when  masses 
were  consolidated  by  welding  only  from  parts 
varying  in  the  amount  of  carbon,  and  hence  in 
physical  properties,  and  retaining  also  in  the 
oase  of  bar  iron  more  or  less  remains  of  slag. 

It  did  not  take  long  to  show  that  these  char- 
acteristically new  processes  were  not  destined 
to  replace  the  older  ones  for  the  manufacture  of 
wrought  iron,  properly  so-called,  but  it  waB  not 
■0  quickly  perceived  that  neither  were  they  fitted 
for  the  production  of  the  best  steel,  of  such  kinds 
as  the  name  had  previously  been  most  connected 
with,  and  for  such  uses  as  it  had  previously  been 
most  largely  applied  to.  Gradually  it  became 
apparent  that  the  true  function  of  the  newly 
invented  methods  was  mainly  the  production  of 
a  new  material,  containing  carbon  in  relatively 
■mall  amount,  combining  the  toughness  and 
workable  qualities  of  wrought  iron  wi  th  the  great 
tensile  strength,  rigidity,  some  of  the  hardness, 
and  especially  the  homogeneity  due  to  practica- 
ble fusibility,  of  steeL  The  "mild  steel"  which 
is  the  essential  result  of  the  recent  processes  of 
manufacture,  is  not  the  "tool  steel"  which,  not 
many  years  ago,  was  pictured  in  every  one'B 
mind  in  connection  with  the  name  steel,  but  it 
is  a  substance  available  for  a  far  wider  range  of 
uses  and  applicable  upon  a  far  greater  scale. 

Of  the  various  individual  processes  which  have 
been  proposed  and  tried  for  the  rapid  production 
of  mild  steel,  decidedly  the  most  successful  have 
been  those  of  Bessemer  and  Siemens;  the  former 
consisting  essentially  in  forcing  a  blast  of  air 
under  high   pressure  into  molten  cast  iron  in  a 
•uitable  "converting  vessel,"  thus  rapidly  burn- 
ing out  the  carbon  and  silicon,  mixing  with  the 
fluid  metal  a  determined  amount  of  separately 
fused   cast  iron  containing  a  known  amount  of 
oarbon,  and  casting  the  product  into  ingot  molds; 
while  the  latter  brings  into  play  the  admirable 
peculiarities  of   the  gas   furnace,  by  fusing  to- 
gether at  the  extremely  high  temperature  which 
it  affords,  and  in  the  entirely  controllable  chem- 
I  ical  atmosphere  of  its  heartb,  pig  iron  and  scrap 
I  wrought  iron,  as  suggested  by  Martin,  or  pig 
1  iron  and  iron  ore  (an  oxide)  on  the  plan  of  Ucha- 
|  tius,  but  on  a  much  greater  scale  in  either  case, 
1  so  apportioning  the  carbon  and  iron  left  together 
J  in  the  fused   product  that  steel  of  the  required 
J  character  shall  be  obtained.     In  a  sense  it  may 
I  be  said  that  the   invention  of  Siemens,  leading 
J  to  the  manufacture  of  "Siemens-Martin"  and 
I  "Landon-Sieinens"  steel,  has  supplemented  the 
I  Bessemer  converter,  and  by  providing  a  way  for 
A  profitably  using  up  vast  stores  of  old  wrought 
j  iron  already  on  hand,  has   permitted  the  more 
:j  rapid  substitution  of  steel  manufactured  by  both 
al  methods.     By  these  two   processes,  within  the 
last  two  or  three  years  an  annual  product  of  more 
than   2,500,000  tons  for  the  world  at  large  has 
been  turned  out. 

During  the  period  in  which  so  much  attention 
has  been  concentrated  upon  steel,  much  has  been 
learned  in  reference  to  the  effect  in  its  produc- 
tion and  upon  its  properties  of  even  very  small 
quantities  of  other  elements  than  ir*n,  though 
much  still  remains  to  be  ascertained  in  this  di- 
rection. The  most  important  points  which  have 
been  ascertained  are  those  in  regard  to  the  bene- 
fit derivable  in  the  manufacture,  particularly 
of  Bessemer  steel,  from  the  presence  in  the  iron 
of  manganese  and  silicon,  the  chief  function  of 
the  former  being  the  removal,  to  some  extent, 
of  sulphur,  phosphorus  and  oxygen,  which,  if 
allowed  to  remain,  greatly  impair  the  mechan- 
ical excellence  of  the  product,  while  they  ex- 
hibit a  stronger  tendency  to  combine  with  man- 
gauese  than  with  iron,  and  thus  get  carried  off 
into  the  slag;  silicon,  on  the  other  hand,  aiding 
by  its  combustion  to  keep  up  the  high  tempera- 
ture in  the  converter  which  maintains  the  fluid- 
ity of  the  metal,  and  uniting,  when  burned, 
with  the  basic  oxides  to  form  and  separate  from 
the  metal  a  removable  form  of  fluid  slag.  The 
observed  benefit  arising  from  the  presence  of 
these  two  substances  has  stimulated  the  produc- 
tion, for  use  in  connection  with  steel-making, 
of  cast  iron  rich  in  silicon,  of  crystalline 
"spiegel-eisen,"  containing  a  large  and  uniform 
amount  of  carbon  along  with  manganese,  and 
lately  of  alloys  of  iron  and  manganese — the  so- 
called  ferro -manganese — containing,-  as  in  the 


product  of   the    French   TerroXoire  works,  up 
to  65%,  and  even  85%  of  the  latter  metal. 

Another  point,  and  of  unexpected  character, 
has  but  lately  been  ascertained— namely,  that  if 
the  percentage  of  carbon  in  steel  be  reduced, 
phosphorus  may  bo  admitted  to  an  extent  which 
would  be  seriously  injurious  if  th« normal  amount 
of  carbon  for  the  kind  of  steel  required  had  been 

fireseut.  Some  remarkable  specimens  of  steel 
rom  works  on  the  Siemens-Martin  plan,  in  New 
Jersey,  in  the  possession  of  the  writer,  illustrate 
this  distinctly. 

Notwithstanding  the  numerous  attompts,  too 
often  reported  on  by  interested  parties,  to  pro- 
duce valuable  alloyed  forms  of  iron  or  steel  by 
addition  of  other  metals,  most  of  which  at- 
tempts have  lod  to  no  permanent  results  of  real 
importance,  it  remains  much  to  be  desired  that 
a  systematic  examination  should  bo  made  by 
impartial  hands  of  the  alloys  of  iron,  with  and 
without  the  presence  of  carbon,  trustworthy 
analyses  being  made  of  the  products,  and  at 
the  same  time  their  physical  characters. sub- 
mitted to  well-defined  tests.  Up  to  this  time 
the  only  two  of  the  more  refractory  metals 
which  seem  to  have  proved  themselves  capable 
of  influencing  in  any  useful  way  the  properties 
of  steel,  are  tungsten  and  chromium,  which  give 
hardness,  accompanied,  however,  by  increased 
brittleness.  The  increase  of  retentive  capacity 
for  magnetism  which  tungsten  is  reported  as  pro- 
ducing, may  perhaps  prove  valuable  in  the  con- 
struction of  dynamo-electric  machines. — Am- 
erican Chemical  Journal. 


Vf 


CIENTIFIC 


^Progress. 


Hahn's  Iron  Scaffolding. 

Mr.  Max  Hahn  has  invented  a  new  scaffold- 
ing composed  of  iron  pipes,  which  no  doubt  is 
superior  in  many  respects  to  the  old  wooden 
scaffoldings  usually  erected  for  building  pur- 
po3es.  The  number  of  accidents  arising  an- 
nually from  iuaecure  scaffolds  is  yet  very  large, 
and  this  circumstance  alone  would  make  the 
general  adoption  of  iron  as  a  material  for  scaf- 
foldings advisable.  But  there  are  yet  other 
advantages  connected  with  this  invention.  The 
new  scalfolding  is  easily  transported,  put  to- 
gether and  taken  apart;  when  not  in  use  it  takes 
up  but  very  little  room;  it  is  very  cheap,  as  it 
is  almost  indestructible.  Besides,  it  does  not 
hide  the  building  from  view,  but  permits  a  free 
inspection  of  the  progress  of  the  work. 

The  scaffolding  consists  of  two  rows  of  four- 
inch  iron  pipes,  sunk  about  three  feet  into  the 
ground  and  resting  on  pieces  of  board.  They 
are  provided  with  sockets,  at  regular  intervals, 
which  take  up  the  horizontal  pipes,  which  are 
three  inches  thick.  They  are  firmly  connected 
by  cylindrical  couplings,  consisting  of  pieces  of 
pipe  strengthened  at  the  ends  by  rings  of 
wrought  iron  and  fastened  by  screws. 

The  horizontal  pipes  are  provided  with  hold- 
ers receiving  the  puttocks,  which  are  lastly 
placed  in  position.  The  thicknesses  of  the 
pipes  varies  for  each  story.  While  for  the 
lower  story  four-inch  pipes  are  used,  those  used 
for  the  fifth  story  only  measure  three  inches. 
Two  men  can  easily  put  up  the  entire  scaffold- 
ing in  less  than  a  day.  The  area  of  cross  sec- 
tion of  the  pipes  may  be  one-third  smaller  than 
that  of  timber  of  corresponding  strength,  or 
allowing  the  same  dimensions,  the  strength  and 
safety  will  be  increased  33%. 

A  New  Railroad  Tie. — At  the  regular 
monthly  meeting  of  the  Engineers'  Club  of 
Philadelphia,  a  model  of  an  iron  railroad  tie, 
which  is  being  tried  on  the  Philadelphia  & 
Baltimore  Central  railroad,  was  exhibited.  The 
device  dispenses  with  all  spikes,  bolts,  nuts  or 
fish  plates,  and  drilling  or  punching  the  rails, 
avoiding  fractures  from  such  causes.  The  iron 
tie,  it  is  claimed,  will  outlast  12  renewals  of  the 
ordinary  tie  at  one-half  the  cost  to  keep  in  re- 
pair. Each  tie  is  recessed  under  its  rails,  and 
along  the  bottom  of  the  recess  wedge-shaped 
pieces  are  cast  transversely.  At  the  sides  of 
each  recess  are  creosoted  blocks,  which  form  a 
cushion  and  a  fulcrum  for  two  clamps,  which 
grasp  the  flange  and  web  of  the  rail  above,  bear- 
ing upon  opposite  faces  of  the  wedge  below. 
The  weight  of  the  train  forces  the  clamps  upon 
the  wedge,  Bpreads  them  at  the  bottom  and 
grips  the  rail.  The  first  cost  is  somewhat 
greater  than  the  wooden  tie,  but  it  is  said  to 
offset  this  in  durability. 


Case-Hardening  Iron. — In  order  to  econo- 
mize in  the  more  expensive  materials  for  case- 
hardening  cast,  wrought  or  malleable  iron,  and 
to  harden  only  portions  of  the  article  in  differ- 
ent degrees,  if  required,  Mr.  Gracie  S.  Roberts, 
of  Brooklyn,  England,  makes  use  of  an  improved 
method.  After  polishing  the  surface,  he  glues 
to  the  portions  to  be  case-hardened  a  coating  of 
yellow  prussiate  of  potash.  A  number  of  coats 
are  given,  according  to  the  degree  of  the  case- 
hardening  required.  A  cheaper  material  or 
simply  boneblack  is  used  where  a  slight  effect 
only  is  required.  When  the  glue  is  set  hard, 
the  article  is  packed  in  powdered  charcoal, 
heated  to  redness  in  a  quick  fire  and  maintained 
at  that  heat  for  half  an  hour.  Then  it  is 
hardened  and  tempered  in  the  usual  manner. 

Steel  and  iron  rails  have  become  nearly  of 
the  same  price  in  Europe.  At  a  recent  letting 
in  Belgium,  the  lowest  price  at  which  iron  was 
offered,  was  but  $2  per  ton  less  than  for  steel, 
and  the  great  Cockerill  Works  of  Seraing  bid 
the  same  price  ($26.25  per  ton)  for  iron  and  for 
steel,  being  the  lowest  bidder  for  steel.  Very 
little  difference  is  made  in  England  also,  and  it 
is  probable  that  really  good  iron  rails  would 
cost  just  as  much  as  sfceel. 


A  Hsw  Instrument  for  the  Mixkkal 
Analyst. — At  a  recent  meeting  of  the  Phila- 
delphia Academy  of  Natural  Sciencies,  Prof. 
Kujnig,  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  ex- 
hibited what  ho  calls  a  chromometer  (or  color- 
measurer),  a  new  instrument  he  has  designed 
for  making  exquisitely  delicate  determinations 
of  the  presence  of  certain  metals  in  ores.  It  is 
based  on  the  optical  fact  that  complementary 
colors  will  extinguish  eaoh  other  if  mixed  in 
proper  proportion — e.  g.,  if  to  a  greon  solution 
a  red  solution  be  added  in  suitable  proportion, 
the  liquid  will  become  colorless.  Prof.  Ko-nig 
has  applied  this  principle  to  the  colors  which 
certain  metals  as  iron,  manganese,  copper,  etc., 
produce  when  fused  with  borax,  the  only  chem- 
ical used  in  this  method  of  analysis.  He  pre- 
pares such  glasses  or  beads  containing  known 
quantities  of  a  metal  in  100  parts,  and  observes 
how  thick  a  glass  of  the  complementary  color 
must  be  to  produce  extinction.  This  chromo- 
meter is  furnished  with  a  glass  wedge  of  n  green  or 
red  color,  cut  at  an  angle  of  about  1  °.  By  mov  ing 
this  wedye  before  the  glass  bead  with  the  help 
of  a  suitable  rack  movement,  a  scale  is  moved  at 
the  same  time,  and  when  the  point  of  extinction 
of  color  is  arrived  at  the  reading  of  the  scale 
refers  to  a  table  showing  the  percentage  of 
metal  contained  in  the  examined  substance.  By 
this  method  of  analysis  a  correct  determination 
of  manganese  in  iron  ore  can  be  made  in  15 
minutes,  which  is  not  more  than  one-third  of 
the  time  required  by  the  usual  methods  of 
analysis. 

Frozen  Dynamite. — Major  Majendie,  R.  A., 
has  made  a  Beries  of  experiments  in  order  to  as- 
certain whether  dynamite  in  the  frozen  condi- 
tion was  more  or  less  susceptible  to  explosion 
by  percussion  and  by  the  action  of  fire  than  dy- 
namite in  an  unfrozen  plastic  condition.  This 
question  is  one  which  had  not,  so  far  as  he  is 
aware,  been  carefully  investigated  or  de- 
termined, at  any  rate  in  this  country.  He  has 
come  to  the  conclusions  that  frozen  dynamite  is 
considerably  less  sensitive  to  explosion  by  a 
blow  than  unfrozen  dynamite;  that  cartridges  of 
dynamite  having  Bmall  quantities  of  exuded 
nitro-glycerine  within  them  are  decidedly  more 
sensitive  to  explosion  by  a  blow  than  cartridges 
in  which  there  is  no  such  exudation;  that  frozen 
dynamite  is  much  more  susceptible  to  explosion 
by  simple  ignition  than  unfrozen  dynamite;  that 
frozen  dynamite  is  much  less  sensitive  to  ex- 
plosion by  the  impact  of  a  bullet  than  unfrozen 
dynamite;  that  the  danger  attending  the  mere 
breaking  in  two  of  a  frozen  dynamite  cartridge 
does  not  seem  to  be  of  the  formidable  character 
indicated  by  the  Austrian  regulations;  and  that 
frozen  nitro-glycerine  is  not  susceptible  of  de- 
tonation by  detonators  of  the  same  strength  as 
those  with  which  the  detonation  of  unfrozen 
nitro-glycerine  may  be  readily  and  certainly 
effected.  Major  Majendie's  report  has  been 
printed. 

A  Jew  Among  the  Immortals. — M.  Renan, 
the  author  of  the  life  of  Christ,  and  of  several 
similar  publications,  has  been  elected  a  member 
of  the  French  Academy,  and  takes  his  seat 
among  the  40  immortals  of  that  grand  assem- 
blage of  the  scholarship  of  France.  It  is  a  re- 
markable fact  and  certainly  a  magnificent  proof 
of  the  intellectual  trepidity  of  the  French  peo- 
ple that,  though  both  of  the  Napoleons  sought  the 
honor,neither  of  them  succeeded  in  being  elected 
members  of  the  French  Academy.  The  academy 
was  founded  by  Cardinal  Richelieu,  who  liber- 
ally endowed  it  from  his  own  private  fortune, 
and  provided  that  it  should  never  have  more 
than  40  members,  thus  being  outside  of  the 
State,  it  has  never  been  swallowed  up  or  modi- 
fied in  any  respect  by  that  terrible  centralism 
which  in  France  has  engulfed  all  other  institu- 
tions in  the  changes  of  the  last  100  years. — Day 
Booh. 

Analogy  Between  Animal  and  Plant  Life. 
M.  van  der  Harst,  in  Utrecht,  has  discovered 
in  the  common  garden  bean,  when  it  begins  to 
sprout,  a  ferment  analagous  to  pepsin,  which 
can  be  extracted  by  means  of  glycerine.  It  has 
the  power  of  changing  albuminous  into  peptonic 
substances,  and  starch  into  glucose.  It  is 
found  exclusively  in  the  cotyledons.  In  the 
case  of  flesh-eating  plants,  all  the  steps  of 
digestion  seem  to  take  place  in  the  same  man- 
ner as  in  animals. 


A  Royal  Commission  on  Coal-Mine  Acci- 
dents.— A  commission  comprising  in  its  per- 
sonnet  the  names  of  several  eminent  Bcientifio 
men,  has  just  been  formed  in  England,  to  in- 
vestigate the  following  importaut  questions  re- 
lating to  coal  mining:  The  commissioners,  we 
learn  from  the  English  Mechanic,  are  appointed 
"for  the  purpose  of  inquiring  and  reporting 
whether,  with  respect  to  the  influence  of  fluc- 
tuations of  atmospheric  pressure  upon  the  issue 
of  tire-damp  from  coal;  to  the  adoption  and  ef- 
ficient application  of  trustworthy  indicators  of 
the  presence  of  fire-damp,  and  generally  to  sys- 
tematic observation  of  the  air  in  mines;  to  im- 
proved methods  in  ventilation  and  illumination; 
to  the  employment  of  explosive  agents  in  the 
getting  of  minerals;  and  to  other  particulars  re- 
lating to  minea  and  mining  operations,  the  re- 
sources of  acieuce  furnish  any  practicable  expe- 
dients that  are  not  now  in  use,  and  are  calcu- 
lated to  prevent  the  occurrence  of  accidents,  or 
limit  their  disastrous  consequences."  There- 
port  of  this  commission  will  undoubtedly  em- 
body a  large  mass  of  facts  and  suggestions 
which  will  be  of  the  highest  value  and  impor- 
tance to  every  class  of  mine  operators. 


Electricity  and  Rain. — Lord  Rayleigh  has 
communicated  to  the  London  Royal  Society,  a 
paper  "On  the  Influence  of  Electricity  on  Col- 
liding Water-drops,"  in  which  he  points  out 
that  he  believes  that  the  phenomena  in  some  of 
the  experiments  he  has  made,  suggest  an  expla- 
nation of  the  remarkable,  "but  hitherto  myste- 
rious, connection  between  rain  and  electrical 
manifestations."  His  experiments  were  on  or- 
dinary slender  water  jets,  and  the  electricity 
was  in  some  cases  from  a  rubbed  rod  of  sealing 
wax,  and  in  others  from  a  single  Grove  cell.  In 
the  normal  state  ascending  jets  resolve  them- 
selves into  drops,  which  even  before  passing  the 
summit,  and  still  more  after  passing  it,  are  scat- 
tered through  a  considerable  width.  When  a 
feebly  electrified  body  is  brought  near  the  jet, 
the  stream  is  in  appearance  not  broken  up  into 
drops — it  becomes  continuous;  but  with  a  pow- 
erful electric  action  the  scattering  becomes  even 
greater  than  at  first.  The  normal  scattering  is 
proved  to  be  due  to  the  rebound  of  the  drops  as 
they  come  in  collision  with  one  another.  A  num- 
ber of  further  experiments  with  very  slight  elec- 
trical effect  are  being  tried,  and  a  further  com- 
munication on  them  is  expected. 


The  hypothesis  of  a  one-time  igneous  fluidity 
of  the  earth  was  combated  in  a  paper  lately  read 
before  the  French  Academy  by  M.  Hermite,  en- 
titled "The  Unity  of  Forces  in  Geology."  He 
would  explain  the  present  form  of  the  earth  by 
the  presence  and  action  of  its  seas,  and  denies 
that  we  are  justified  in  assuming  the  existence 
of  central  fires  or  even  of  extensive  seas  of  lava, 
from  the  phenomena  of  volcanoes.  For  the 
paper  in  exlenso,  see  the  Oomptes  Rendus  of 
March  3d. 


The  Difference. — According  to  documents 
which  have  recently  been  published,  the  differ- 
ences of  the  speed  with  which  electricity  travels 
in  overland  wires  and  in  sub-marine  cables  is 
enormous;  the  speed  in  a  wire  suspended  in  the 
air  being  about  22,400  miles  per  second,  and  in 
a  sub-marine  wire  only  about  2,500  miles. 


Electrodynamic  Induction. — It  is  a  com- 
mon impression  among  electricians  that  a  tele- 
graphic conductor  can  be  withdrawn  from  the 
inductive  influence  of  neighboring  conductors 
by  metallic  envelopes  which  are  connected  with 
the  ground,  but  H.  DeMauex  tried  some  experi- 
ments in  the  month  of  February,  1878,  prepar- 
atory to  the  establishment  of  the  telegraphic 
service  of  the  French  exposition,  which  led  him 
to  the  discovery  of  a  new  law.  In  electrostatio 
action,  the  induction  may  be  prevented  by  the 
proposed  method,  but  the  law  relative  to 
electrodynamic  induction  is  thus  stated:  In  a 
closed  circuit  the  intensity  of  the  current, 
which  is  determined  by  the  induction  of  a 
cylindrical  conductor  upon  another  of  the  same 
form,  cannot  be  changed  even  by  surrounding 
one  or  both  of  those  conductors  by  a  concentrio 
metallic  envelope  communicating  with  the 
ground  through  its  entire  length. 


Von  Oppolzer's  Planet. — The  tenth  orbital 
confirmation  of  Chase's  harmonic  astronomical 
prediction,  represents  the  closest  planetary 
proximity  to  the  sun  of  which  any  indications 
have  yet  been  found.  There  are  six  interior 
positions,  but  they  are  connected  with  planetary 
rotations.  Von  Oppolzer  finds  that  his  orbit 
accords  very  well  with  the  three  latest  observa- 
tions, which  are  the  most  important  because  the 
exact  time  of  observation  is  known.  It  also 
satisfactorily  represents  five  other  observations. 
It  is  impossible  to  connect  it  with  either  of 
Watson's  two  planets.  Lescarbault's  observa- 
tion being  one  of  the  three  latest,  this  appears 
to  be  the  true  Vulcan,  and  other  names  must 
be  found  for  its  companions. — Comples  Rendu*. 


Influence  of  Color  on  Warmth  of  Soil. — 
By  an  extensive  series  of  experiments,  E. 
Wollny  shows  that  the  color  of  the  surface  has 
an  important  influence  on  the  heating  of  the 
ground  in  a  dry  condition,  where  the  mineral 
constituents  are  substantially  the  same,  and  the 
difference  in  the  quantity  of  humus  is  only  such 
as  to  produce  a  difference  of  color,  without 
changing  the  specific  heat  or  conductivity. — 
Dingler's  Journal. 

Experiments  on  Production  of  Plants. — 
Prof.  H.  Hoffman  has  been  for  22  years  engaged 
in  experiments  on  the  modification  of  plants  by 
interference  in  their  external  vital  conditions. 
He  concludes  that  the  cause  of  the  evolution  of 
new  species  lies,  not,  as  Darwin  believes,  in 
outward  influences,  but  in  internal  organic  laws, 
whose  nature  is  at  present  concealed. 


Atmospheric  Impurities. — It  is  estimated 
that  England  yearly  uses  114,043,940  tons  of 
coal.  If  we  suppose  it  to  contain  only  one  per 
cent,  of  sulphur,  there  is  an  annual  infusion  of 
3,500,000  tons  of  sulphuric  acid  into  the  air, 
which  the  inhabitants  are  obliged  to  breathe. 


The  use  of  chloride  of  calcium  has  been  sug- 
gested by  Prof.  Thaler  to  be  driven  against  the 
walls  of  coal  mines  in  form  of  spray,  to  fix  the 
dust  (it  being  a  deliquescent  substance),  and 
thus  to  reduce  the  liability  of  dust  explosions. 


268 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[April  26,  1879. 


Table  of  Highest  and  Lowest  Sales  in 
S.  F.  Stock  Exchange. 


Name  of 
Company. 


Week  Week  Week,  Week 
Ending  Ending  Eliding  Eiidlna 
Apr.   3.  Apr.  10.  Apr.  1?.  Apr.  24 


Alpha 

Alta 

Andes 

Alps 

Argenta 

Atlantic 

Aurora  Tunnel 

Baltimore  Con 

Belcher 

Belmont... 

Best  &  Belcher 

Bullion 

Bechtel 

Belle  Isle 

Bodie 

Benton 

Bulwer 

Boyle 

Black  Hawk 

Belvidere 

Booker 

Caledonia 

California 

Challenge.... 

Chollar 

Confidence 

Con  Imperial 

Con  Virginia 

Crown  Point 

Con  Washoe 

Champion 

Concordia 

Dayton 

DeFrees 

Dauey 

Day 

Eureka  Con 

Exchequer. 

Endowment 

Gen  Thomas 

Grand  Prize 

Gtla 

Golden  Chariot 

Golden  Terra 

Goodshaw 

Gould  &  Curry 

Hale  &  Norcross — 

Hillside 

Highbridge 

Homestake 

Hussey 

Independence 

Julia 

Justice 

Jackson 

Joe  Scates 

KKCon 

Kentuck 

Kossuth 

Keystone 

Lady  Bryan 

Lady  Wash 

Leopard 

Leviathan 

Leeds 

Lee 

May  Belle 

Modoc 

Manhattan 

Martin  White 

McClinton 

Meadow  Valley 

Mexican 

Mides 

Morning  Star. 

North  Con  Virginia, 

New  York 

Northern  Belle. . . . 

New  Coso 

Navajo 

Oecidental 

Ophir 

Oriental 

Overman 

Panther 

Phenix 

Phil  Sheridan 

Potoai 

Prospect  

Raymond  &  Ely,,.. 

Richer 

Rock  Island 

Rye  Patch 

Rough  &  Ready 

Savage 

Seg  Belcher 

Sierra  Nevada 

Silver  Hill 

Silver  King 

Silver  Prize  

Succor 

Summit 

Scorpion 

Solid  Silver 

South  Bodie 

South  Standard.... 

Star 

St.  Louis 

Syndicate 

Tioga  Con 

Tiptop  

Trojan 

Union  Con 

Utah 

Vermont  Con 

Ward.. 

Wells -Fargo 

Woodville 

White  Cloud 

Yellow  Jacket 


45c 

IS 

1.90 
35c 
7 


20c 
1.60 
4.30 
3.85 
7 


20  163 1  23!  19* 

5J  3J;  5  J  4.90 

40c  30c  40c  35c 

i'.m  1I6505  i 


4.95 
li 

30c 
6J 
3 

15! 


16i  14 

5S  4.70 

1.80   14 

35c 

? 

IS 


3 

1.30 
50c 

2.10 
4.90 
» 
42 
11 
1.05 
4.90 
4i 


62  3.: 


15c 
1.55  1! 
3.90  3.40 
4.70  3.15 

7 


1.15 

1.10 

1 

30c 

60c 


1.10 

54 

1.10 


Hi   91 


47 
1.60 


75c 
20c 
60 
15J 

i"20 

15c 
15o 


14$  13i 


3.L 

1.30 
50c 
2.15 

5; 

12 
1.21 
4.95 

4J 


4.70  2.60 

1.80  U 

70c  55c 

2J  13 

6  53 

3.20  2.80 

6S  5j 

15  14 

1.70  1.35 

6  5! 

51  4J 


40c  30c 
35c 


50c   40c 

8t 
12} 
2.15 
50c   25c 


15c  ....  20o 

23  1.60  3i 

4.10  3&3.90 

4}  3.603.90 

7J  7il.... 


51  4.60 
10c 


95o  75c 

1.20  70c 

75c  60c 

50c  20c 


64 
1.30 

301 


10}  9 

31  20 

433  40* 

1}  1.10 

7J  7 


60c 

24 

1.65 

35c 

60c 
30c 
50c 


2  13 

75c  70c 

20c  10c 

564  53 

15  134 

i'.W  '95c 

10c  5c 


15}  13 


40c  35c 
91   71 


194 


35c  25c 


20c  10c 


45c  30c 

17  16 

53  5} 
25c 


10; 


2.20 
20 


2.05 
1.40 
45c 


5    43!  4i 
20c   15c  10c 


80c  60c:  95c 

I  85c|  1 

II  1.20,1.70 
50c  40c]  60c 

50c 


25c 
2^95 

si 

32! 


25c 
i.W 
l!65 

34' 


434   413 
1.30  1.05 


65c 


45c 
3.85 


47 
1.30 


50c  50c 
2  2.30 
1.60  1.40,  2J 
35o  30c  30c 
50o  40c  45c 
25o  20c  20c 
I  40c 


2.30  1.95:1.80  1.70 

75c  50c[  75c  60c 

15o  10c.  10c  .... 

594  57  !  691  58 

15!  133!  14J  134 


1.15  1.051.15 
10c  ....  10c 
15c 


16}  14(1  16 


Sales  at  S.  F.  Stock  Exchange. 


Friday  A.  M.,  Apr.  18. 

90  Alta 4  85 

260  Alpha 183@181 

300  Belcher .,..51 

105  Bullion 5 

50  Bcstfc  Belcher 15i 

100  Benton 3  15 

440  California 6i<36i| 

895  Con  Imperial. .1. ■1IV1   jr. 

25  Crown  Point 4.90 

20  Confidence 13} 

305  'Jon  Virginia 5;;  n; 

295  Chollar 5;«u' 

85  Caledonia 1? 

160  Challenge 2.Sii.<rj  s-, 

570  Exchequer 5i"  — 

515  Flowery 60S. 

140  Gould  St  Curry 81 

140  Hale&Nor 11:<>11;: 

650  Julia 3.55.V'.  ■ 

225  Justice 3.70@3, 

100  Kossuth 10c 

50  Kentuck 43 

200  Leviathan 55c 

250  Lady  Bryan 50@60c 

230  Mackey 2* 

35  North  Con  Vir 8 

1020  N  Bonanza 1.40 

100  New  York 55c 

565  Ophir 

20  Overman 

140  Potosi 32 

700  Phil  Sheridan 5c 

430  Solid  Silver 30c 

725  Scorpion L.6(W  ;>r> 

100  Succor 45c 

45  Sierra  Nevada 42J 

15  Savage 10 

1130  Silver  Hill 1.15®!; 

0  20  Uuiou  Con. 58 

-    40  Utah i:v;.-/M 

.135  Ward 1.05<«J   1;" 

100  Woodville 15c 

635  Yellow  Jacket.... 15,«' 15; 

AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

600  Argenta 

700  Albion 25c 


240  Bulwor 20@20i 

150  Belle  Isle .45c 

165  Bodie 81@8J 

590  Black  Hawk 2 .  55ml 

150  Belvidere 1.70@1.60 

695  Bechtel H@1.20 

375  Booker 55(&45c 

205  C  Pacific 2.40@2.30 

300  Caledonia  (B  H) 2 

500  Day 45@50c 

200  Dudley 40@45c 

600  Fourth  July 30c 

150  Gila 30@25c 

105  Grand  Prize... 3. 05@3. 15 

100  Goodshaw 45c 

100  Golden  Terra 9 

150  Hillside 2 

1200  Highbridge 30(®35c 

200  lua ;25c 

545  Independence  . .  .2£(5)2  60 

840  Jupiter 7Q@65c 

100  Leopard u 

225  Manhattan 2  60 

100  McClinton 1.05 

270  Mono ;....  290 

40  Northern  Belle .t>l 

1150  Noonday 2J@2 

100  N  Noonday 1.15 

50  Oriental 40c 

40  Raymond  &  Ely 43 

35  Real  del  Monte 4@4A 

100  Star 40c 

400  Summit 2.20@2.30 

150  S  Bodie 40c 

500  S  Standard 20c 

140  S  Bulwer 80@75c 

400  Tioga  Con 1J 

300  University 50c 

Saturday  A.. II.,  Apr.  Ift. 

60  Alta. 4£@4.8Q 

120  Andes 35@40c 

1250  Argenta 1.80@-1.70 

50  Alpha 18J 

180  Best  k  Belcher 15i 

280  Bullion 4.'85@4.30 

50  Benton 2  20 

50  Belle  Isle 45c 


.15<j*H£.13( 


250  Belvidere 1 ,60@H 

545  Bodie 8i@8 

1000  Bechtel 1.20@1.10 

450  Booker 55@50c 

365  Black  Hawk.  ..2.05(32. 10 

30  Bulwer 20} 

580  California 6? 

1295  Con  Virginia 6@5t 

825  Con  Imperial..  1.35@1. 40 

30  Crown  Point 4.80 

30  Confidence 13 

300  Caledonia 1.80(*1.85 

200  Concordia 20c 

20  C  Pacific 2. 

100  Champion 25c 

500  Day  -50c 

490  Exchequer 4,      _ 

460  Eureka  Con 15(5?. 

350  Flowery 

900  Fourth  July..... 40c 

400  Grand  Prize 31@3."" 

200  Gould  &  Curry !.„ 

300  Gila 30c 

50  Goodshaw 40c 

80  Golden  Terra 9 

200  H&  Norcross Hi 

1O0  Hussey 20c 

550  Highbridge 30@35c 

100  Hamburg 50c 

1141  Independence..  2. 70<®2. 90 

100  Ida 25c 

120  Justice 3.65@3  "" 

235  Julia 33@3. 

500  Jupiter 65<S)60c 

450  L  Bryan 50@60c 

485  Leopard H 

300  Leviathan 50@45c 

315  Mexican 313(832 

50  MtView 4£ 

150  Mackey 1.95(81.90 

20  Manhattan 24 

50  May  Belle 25c 

450  McClinton l@90c 

200  Mono 2.80(cc2j| 

100  New  York 60c 

550  N  Bonanza — 

35  Northern  Belle 

55  N  Con  Virginia. ..... ._.7| 

550  Noonday 

475  NNoonday... .1.15(81.05 
625  Ophir 25i@25f 

10  Overman '• 

100  Potosi 33 

400  Phil  Sheridan 4c 

275  Paradise 1.40@H 

90  Raymond  &E 5 

100  Red  Cloud 90c 

30  Savage 10 

115  Sierra  Nevada 43 

100  Succor 40c 

100  Silver  Hill 1.20 

155  Scorpion 1.65 

500  Solid  Silver 

300  S  Standard 15@20c 

245  S  Bulwer 70c 

100  South  Bodie 40c 

320  Tioga li@l.S0 

1050  Trojan 10c 

100  Tiptop 70c 

20  Utah 13[ 

160  Union  Con 591@59i 

203  Ward 1.05(81.10 

1000  Wells-Fargo oc 

415  Yellow  Jacket. . .  .15@15g 
Monday  A.  M.,  Apr.  21. 

50  Alpha IS* 

440  Alta 4.95(85 

385  Bullion 

215  BeBt  &  Belcher. . .  .15S@16 

320  Belcher 5i  "_" 

630  California 6|<£6 j 

1070  Con  Virginia, 

80  Chollar 

50  Challenge 2.85 

290  Caledonia 13 

1730  Con  Imperial 1.40 

170  Crown  Point.. .4.90(84.95 

200  Exchequer 5@5j 

100  Flowery 60c 

220  Gould&Curry 8' 

110  Hale&Nor 11|@H. 

300  Julia 3.85(83.80 

80  Justice 3.80 

100  Lady  Bryan. 65c 

80  Leviathan 50c 

150  Mackey 1 

100  Mountain  View 4} 

80  Mexican 313(832 

140  N  Bonanza 1.30(81.35 

60  North  Con  Vir 91 

100  New  York 60c 

505  Ophir 

ISO  Overman 9 

500  Phil  Sheridan 5i 

270  Silver  Hill 1J 

200  Solid  Silver 30c 

70  Scorpion 1.70 

350  Sierra  Nevada..... 44J@46 

200  Succor 50c 

350  Union  Con 63J@65 

140  Utah 13i@13g 

5550  Wells-Fargo. 

210  Ward 1.10 

250  Yellow  Jacket... 15}@15g 

AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

280  Argenta lj@l.tt 

500  Albion .  ._.30c 

550  Booker . . 

225  Belvidere 1*@1.40 

350  Black  Hawk 2.80@2i 

60  Bulwer. 21 

80  Bodie.... 

1205  Bechtel 1 .10^1 

675  Crown  Point 2J@2.05 

200  Champion 25c 

550  Day 

200  Dudley ,45c 

30  Eureka  Con 14i@14J 

500  Fourth  July 40c 

110  Golden  Terra 94 

100  Grand  Prize .3.40 

300  Highbridge, 

200  Hillside _ 

100  Hussey 20c 

S35  Independence 2.95@3 

310  Jupiter 40@50c 

200  Leopard 1.55 

350  Mono 3@3.05 

250  McClinton 90@95c 

624  Noonday 2i(82 

35  Northern  Belle 8} 

300  NNo  nday 1 

200  Paradise 1.40 

100  Richer 90c 

50  Raymond^  Ely 44 

100  Red  Cloud 75c 

400  Summit 2} 

300  S  Standard 15@20c 

200  S  Bulwer. 65@70c 

350  S  Bodie 40@45c 

100  Silver  King 

250  Tioga  Con 1 

100  Tiptop _._ 

150  University 55c 

Tuesday  A.  II.,  Apr.  22. 
1140  Alta 5g@5r 

70  Alpha 19. 

380  Andes 40c 

65  Beloher 55 

140  Best  &  Belcher 15* 

650  Bullion t 

490  Beuton 33.@3.7 

60  California 6i 

110  Con  Imperial 1.4( 

525  Crown  Point..  ,4.95@4.9( 

310  Con  Virginia... 53 

200  Challenge 2.80 

130  Caledonia 13(31.80 

70  Confidence 133(5>13J 


30  Chollar 5J 

225  Exchequer 5$ 

300  Flowery 70@65c 

100  Gould&Curry 88 

435  H  &  Norcross lltfftll 

110  Julia 3.80 

230  Justice 3. 80@39 

1380  L  Bryan 85@35o 

350  Leviathan 50@55o 

100  MtView 43 

585  Mexican 33@33$ 

1120  New  York 60@65c 

240  N  Bonanza. ...1.30@1.40 

595  North  Con  Vir yj@9 

750  Ophir 26i@26 

60  Overman 9J 

Potosi 3.70 

Phil  Sheridan 5c 

50  Savage 10 

320  Silver  Hill 1.20@1.30 

100  Succor 45c 

310  Scorpion 1.70@1.80 

100  Solid  Silver. 30c 

445  Sierra  Nevada. . .  .47(846} 

1350  Trojan 10c 

225  Utah 149@14 

435  Union  Con 69(868 

4350  Wells-Fargo 5c 

380  Ward l.ly 

250  Yellow  Jacket 154 

AFTERMtUN  HEBBIO.N. 

320  Argenta 1.65 

100  Aurora  T 15c 

200  Albion 30c 

330  Bodie 93^94 

915  Bechtel 90@95c 

240  Belvidere... 1.40 

140  Bulwer 204(820} 

100  Benton 40c 

195  Black  Hawk 2J@2.85 

10  Booker 50c 

440  CPacifio 2 

350  Dudley 45c 

600  Day 60@55c 

10  Eureka  Con 14 

30  Golden  Terra 9 

500  Goodshaw. 40c 

3,0  GrandPrize 3.60@3J 

400  Gila 35(e030c 

300  Hussey 20@15c 

20  Hamburg 50c 

1250  Highbridge 30@25c 

50  Hillside .....2 

1060  Independence 3@3| 

850  Jupiter 45c 

735  Leopard 1.70@1,60 

370  Mono 3(82.90 

770  McClinton 95c(81 

60  Manhattan 2.60 

35  Northern  Belle 71 

435  Noonday 2@2.10 

80  N  Noonday 1 

450  Paradise 14 

25  Real  del  Monte 4 

50  Richer 70c 

350  Raymond  &  Ely. 

15  Silver  King.,,., 
400  S  Bulwer 70@75c 

50  South  Standard 20c 

100  Syndicate 2 

575  Summit 2.10@2 

300  S  Bodie 40@45c 

145  Tiptop 65c 

500  Tioga 1J 

1000  University 45c 

Wed'sday  A.M.,  Apr.  23. 

75  Alpha 194@19} 

450  Alta. bi@bl 

220  Benton 3.65(g)3S 

510  Bullion 5 

130  Belcher 53@5fl 

50  B&Belcher 16 

1840  California 6i 

60  Confidence 13| 

310  Challenge 2.80 

15  Caledonia 1.90@1.85 

20  Chollar bl 

1705  Con  Virginia 6@6j 

1235  Con  Imperial 1.35 

825  Exchequer 51(853 

200  Flowery 60c 

125  GouldS.  Curry 8jJ(88i 

270  Hale  &  Nor UB($1U 

370  Julia 3.85 

440  Justice 3.90@3.85 

10  Kentuck 44 

340  Leviathan 50@45c 

100  Lady  Wash 1 

625  Lady  Bryan. 80@70c 

255  Mackey 14 

100  Mount  View 51@5 

390  Mexican 32} 

205  N  Bonanza 1.40@li 

200  New  York 65c 

120  North  Con  Vir 9}(89 

465  Ophir 26(826} 

80  Overman 9£@9g 

20  Potosi 3.85 

150  Phil  Sheridan .... 

800  Solid  Silver 

320  Silver  Hill 1.1 

280  Scorpion 

150  Succor. , 

15  Savage 

415  S  Nevada 

600  Trojan 

50  Utah, 144@14 

150  Union 66(g>67 

100  Ward 1.05 

180  Yellow  Jacket. .  .15J@15J 

AFTERNOON  8E83ION, 

200  Aurora  T 15c 

650  Albion S0@90c 

1430  Argenta 1 .  70@@1 .  60 

1275  Bodie 9@8J 

210  Bechtel 90c@l 

35  Bulwer 22(821J 

525  Booker 50@55c 

700  Black  Hawk 23(^2.55 

300  Belmont 10c 

365  Belvidere 1J 

100  Concordia 20c 

310  Crown  Point 1.95(82 

750  Champion 25c 

100  Caledonia  (B  H) 2.10 

300  Day 55c 

50  Dudley 45c 

1000  DStandard 75c 

500  Endowment 25c 

170  Eureka  Con 14}@144 

500  Fourth  July 35c 

70  Golden  Terra 9 

35  Grand  Prize 3i 

850  Gila 35o 

700  Goodshaw 45@40c 

100  Hamburg 50c 

200  Hillside 2 

I860  Independence  ...,2.90@3 
1350  Jupiter 55@60c 

50  Leeds 50c 

500  Leopard 1. 6001. 65 

1330  Mono 2.95(5>3.15 

375  McClinton 1 

100  Manhattan 2.60 

280  Northern  Belle 7} 

1010  Noonday. 1.90@l| 

200  NNoonday l@90c 

250  Paradiso 1  j 

25  Real  del  Monte i 

50  Richer 75c 

250  Raymond  &  Ely.3$@3.70 

70  Red  Cloud 75c 

330  Summit 2@2.10 

450  SBodie 40c 

15  Silver  King 8 

130  S  Bulwer 70(875c 

8S0  Tiptop 60@75c 

140  Tioga  Con 1£<81.70 

800  University 45c 

SALES  OF   LAST  WEEK  AND  THIS  COMPARED 


..30c 
11.15 

.2.35 
..45c 
...10 
=6(846 
..10c 


Thursday  A.M.,  Apr.  17. 

150  Alta 5@4.90 

100  Andes 40c 

5  Best  &  Belcher 16 

280  Belcher 5| 

145  Bullion 5}@5 j 

180  Chollar 5S(<?5S 

1410  Con  Virginia 54 

2220  Con  Imperial 1.40 

150  Crown  Point 5@4.95 

100  Confidence 14 


TUnrsd'y  A.  M..  App.  24. 

25  Alpha 19} 

240  Alta 5i@59 

700  AndeB 40@45c 

115  Best&  Beloher... .15|(816 

280  Bullion 5|(g5} 

160  Belcher 5| 

480  Benton 4 

50  Cbollar 51 

1885  Con  Virginia. 64 

200  Crown  Point 41 


MINING  SHAREHOLDERS'  DIRECTORY. 


Compiled  every  Thursday  from  Advertisements  in  Mining  and  Scientific  Press  and  other  S.  F.  Journals. 
ASSESSMENTS-STOCKS  ON  THE  LISTS  OF  THE  BOARDS. 


Company. 
Best  &  Belcher  M  Co 
Bechtel  Con  M  Co 
Belmont  M  Co 
Caledonia  S  M  Co 
Crown  Point  Ravine  G  &  S 
DeFreeB  M  &  M  Co 
Gould  fc  Curry  S  M  Co 
Hale  &  Norcross  S  M  Co 
Leviathan  M  Co 
Leopard  MCo 
Manhattan  S  M  Co 
Martin  White  M  Co 
McCrackin  Con  M  Co 
Mono  G  M  Co 
U  Con  Virginia  M  Co 
Panther  M  Co 
Phil  Sheridan  G  &  S  M  Co 
Trojan  M  Co 
Raymond  &  Ely  M  Co 
Real  Del  Monte  M  Co 
Sierra  Nevada  S  M  Co 
Tioga  Con  M  Co 
Tuscarora  M  &  M  Co 
Union  Con  S  M  Co 
Yellow  Jacket  S  M  Co 
Wells  Fargo  M  Co 


Location.     No.   Amt.  Levied.    Delinq'nt.    Sale.    Secretary. 


Nevada  14 

California  2 

Nevada  20 

Nevada  27 

M  Co       Nev  6 

Nevada  9 

Nevar'a  35 

Nevada  61 

Nevada  8 

Nevada  10 

Nevada  2 

Nevada  5 

Arizona  2 

California  3 

Nevada  16 

Nevada  11 

Nevada  9 

Nevada  10 

Nevada  11 

Nevada  6 

Nevada  57 

California  5 

Nevada  3 

Nevada  12 

Nevada  32 

Nevada  12 


1  00  Apr  17 

25  Apr  19 

30  Apr  4 

50  April 

15  Apr  16 

10  Mar  11 

1  00  Mar  11 

1  00  Mar  12 

25  Mar  6 

50  MarlO 

1  00  Mar  3 

1  50  Dec  14 

50  Oct  22 

50  Mar  27 

1  00  Mar  21 

10  Apr  3 

40  Mar  24 

25  Apr  9 

1  00  Apr  23 
50  Mar  29 

2  00  Apr  16 
20  Apr  3 
05  Mar  27 

1  50  Apr  2 

1  00  Apr  15 

25  Apr  23 


May  21 
May  26 
May  10 
May  16 
May  20 
April 
Apr  16 
Apr  16 
Apr  12 
Apr  14 
AprS 
Jan  21 
Mar  3 
Mayl 
Apr  24 
May  7 
Apr  25 
May  15 
June  2 
Mayl 
May  20 
May  8 
May  5 
May  5 
May  19 
May  24 


June  10 

June  9 

June  2 

June  6 

June  9 

May  3 

May  7 

MayS 

May  2 

May  5 

Apr  30 

May  5 

May  15 

May  21 

May  13 

May  28 

May  13 

June  6 

July! 

May  20 

June  10 

May  28 

May  30 

May  24 

June  17 

June  10 


Wm  Willis 
Wm  H  Lent 
JWPew 
R  Wegener 
J  M  Butnngton 
T  E  Atkinson 
A  K  Durbrow 
Joel  F  Ligntner 
F  E  Luty 
R  H  Brown 
Jno  Crockett 
J  J  Scoville 
H  A  Whiting 
Wm  H  Lent 
G  C  Pratt 
JWPew 
D  L  Thomas 
David  Wilder 
Jns  Roberts,  Jr 
C  V  D  Hubbard 
W  W  Stetson 
W  H  Lent 
M  E  Sperling 
J  M  BuiHngton 
Mercer  Otey 
O  H  Bogart 


PLACE  of  Business 

309  Montgomery  st 

309  Montgomery  st 

310  Pine  st 

414  California  Bt 

309  California  at 

318  Pine  st 

309  Montgomery  at 

309  Montgomery  8t 

507  Montgomery  Bt 

327  Pine  at 

203  Bush  st 

59  Nevada  Block 

211  Sansomest 

309  Montgomery  at 

309  Montgomery  st 

310  Pine  at 

203  BushBt 

328  Montgomery  st 

330  Pine  at 

203  Bush  Bt 

309  Montgomery  Bt 

309  Montgomery  st 

309  California  Bt 

309  California  st 

Gold  Hill,  Nev 

106  Leidesdorff  at 


OTHER  COMPANIES-NOT  ON  THE  LISTS  OP  THE  BOARDS. 


Amazon  Con  M  Co 

Aurora  T  &  M  Co 

Aim  ad  en  Q  M  Co 

Butte  H  M  Co 

Champion  M  Co 

Cherokee  Flat  Blue  Grav  Co 

Con  Dorado  M  Co 

Dudley  M  Co 

Eagle  S  M  &  M  Co 

Equitable  T  &  M  Co 

Florence  Blue  Grav  M  Co 

Globe  Con  M  Co 

Godfrey  Gravel  M  Co 

Goodshaw  M  Co 

Hazard  G  M  Co 

Hidalgo  M  &  S  Co 

Lewis  Con  S  M  Co 

Mayflower  Gravel  M  Co 

McMillenSMCo 

Mt  Jefferson  M  &  M  Co 

Northern  Light  G  &  S  M  Co 

North  Noonday  M  Co 

Noonday  M  Co 

Pinal  M  &  M  Co 

Pioneer  Con  M  Co 

Queen  Bee  M  Co 

Richer  M  Co 

Rocky  Point  M  Co 

Silver  King  South  M  Co 

Summit  M  Co 

Seg  Europa  M  Co 

Silver  Hill  M  Co 

Selny  Hill  M  Co 

Sophia  G  M  Co 

South  Utah  M  Co 

Tiger  M  Co 

Twin  Peak  M  Co 

University  G  M  Co 

Wide  Awake  Prospecting  &  M 


Name  of  Company. 

Endowment  M  Co 

Golden  Gate  Con  H  M  Co 

Golden  Star  M  Co 

Justice  M  Co 

Justice  Con  M  Co 

Morgan  M  Co 

Morning  Star  M  Co 

Richer  M  Co 

San  Francisco  Copper  M  Co 

Tiger  M  Co 

Woodville  Con  S  M  Co 


Nevada  G 

California  3 

California  2 

California  2 

California  3 

California  41 

Nevada  1 

California  3 

Nevada  13 

Utah  20 

California  4 

Nevada  11 

California  4 

California  3 

California  3 

California  1 

Arizona  1 

California  4 

Arizona  2 

California  6 

California  4 

California  1 

California  2 

Arizona  1 

Nevada  5 

California  2 

California  2 

California  1 

Arizona  3 

California  7 

Nevada  1 

Nevada  6 

California  2 

California  1 

Nevada  2 

Arizona  3 

Nevada  2 

California  1 

Co       Ariz  6 


10  Mar  24 

20  Feb  24 

25  Apr  15 

25  Apr  16 

15  Apr  IB 

05  Apr  10 

50  MarlO 

25  Apr  8 

20  Apr  16 

10  Mar  21 

05  Apr  18 

10  Mar  29 

05  Jan  17 

10  Apr  23 

10  Mar  21 

01  Mar  29 

02  Mar  26 
10  Mar  26 
25  Mar  19 
05  Mar  21 
10  Apr  9 
20  Mar  27 
20  Mar  27 

Feb  19 
Mar  6 

..  Mar  6 

25  Mar  8 

10  Apr  17 

10  Mar  12 

05  Feb  4 

25  Apr  4 

50  Apr  7 

50  Apr  19 
02i  Apr  23 

10  Apr  7 

30  Mar  14 

15  April 

10  Marl 

04  Febl 


5  00 
05 
10 


Apr  28 
April  1 
May  17 
May  17 
May  21 
May  12 
Apr  12 
May  10 
May  20 
Apr  23 
May  22 
Apr  30 
Feb  20 
May  30 
Apr  22 
May  8 
May  3 
Apr  30 
Apr  23 
May  2 
May  14 
May  2 
May  1 
Apr  5 
Apr  12 
Apr  9 
Apr  14 
May  29 
Apr  23 
Mar  11 
May  8 
May  13 
May  26 
May  26 
May  10 
Apr  23 
May  16 
Apr  5 
April  1 


May  20 

Apr  30 

June  10 

June  17 

June  10 

June  10 

Apr  30 

June  9 

June  10 

May  14 

June  9 

May  16 

Apr  28 

June  20 

May  9 

June  9 

May  26 

May  20 

May  15 

May  27 

June  2 

May  23 

May  22 

May  5 

May  3 

May  5 

May  5 

June  16 

May  20 

May  6 

May  27 

June  3 

June  12 

June  13 

May  31 

May  19 

June  5 

Apr  26 

Mayl 


Jno  Crockett 

C  Van  Dyck  Hubbard 


J  F  Mahoney 
R  L  Taylor 
Jno  Crockett 
RN  Van  Brunt 
J  M  Bufhngton 
E  C  Masten 
Jno  E  Dixon 
Chas  J  CollinB 
F  A  McGee 
O  H  Bogart 
J  M  Bnfflngton 
Victor  Fernbach 
J  T  McGeogbcga! 
J  Costa 
J  W  Pew 
J  Morizio 
.T  Morizio     ■ 
R  N  Van  Brunt 
S  F  Monroe 
G  A  Hold  en 
G  A  Holden 
Amos  Roberts 
J  M  BurHngton 
ThosA  White 
W  H  Lent 
T  L  Bibbina 
A  Judaon 
R  N  Van  Brunt 
R  B  Noyes 
W  E  Dean 
H  Aug  Whiting 
L  L  Blood 
C  S  Healy 


203  Bush  at 
203  Bush  Bt . 


207  Sansorae  at 

310  Pine  st 

203  Bush  st 

318  Pine  st 

309  California  at 

309  Montgomery  st 

327  Pine  at 

227  Montgom  ry  at 

Merchants'  Ex 

106  Leidesdorff  st 

309  California  st 

327  Pine  at 

318  Pine  at 

323  Front  at 

310  Pine  st 

328  Montgomery  Bt 

328  Montgomery  st 

318  Pine  at 

419  California  Bt 

310  Pine  st 

310  Pine  at 

214  Sanaorae  Bt 

309  California  st 

113  Leidesdorff  at 

309  Montgomery  st 

314  Bush  st 

320  Sansnme  at 

318  Pine  at 

240  Montgomery  at 

203  Bush  at 

211  Sansomest 

Merchants'  Ex 

Merchants'  Exchange 


W  H  Lent  309  Montgomery  at 
T  W  Colbum  414  California  st 

Wm  Letts  Oliver        328  Montgm'y  st 
C  Hildebrandt  232  Sutter  a  » 


MEETINGS  TO  BE  HELD. 


Nevada 
California 

Nevada 

Nevada 

California 

Nevada 

California 

California 

Arizona 

Nevada 


Secretary. 
Jno  E  Dixon 
Jr-o  TGeoghehan 
J  W  Morgan 
R  E  Kelley 
R  E  Kelley 
J  J  Raphael 
Jas  B  Maholm 
Win  H  Lent 
P  Sanchez 
Win  H  Lent 
R  E  Kelley 


Office  in  S.  F. 

327  Pine  st 

318  Pine  st 

318  Pine  st 

419  California  st 

419  California  st 

533  Kearny  st 

331  Montgomery  st 

309  Montgomery  st 

253  Market  st 

309  Montgomery  at 

419  California  st 


Mf-etino. 
Annual 
Special 
Annual 
Annual 
Annual 
Annual 
Annual 
Annual 
Annual 
Annual 
Annual 


LATEST  DIVIDENDS-WITHIN    THREE    MONTHS 


Name  of  Company. 
Bodie  G  M  Co 
California  M  Co 
Con  Virginia  M  Co 
Excelsior  W  &  M  Co 
Eureka  Con  M  Co 
Standard  Con  M  Co 


Location.  Secretary. 

California  W  H  Lent 

Nevada  C  P  Gordon 

Nevada  A  W  Haven 

California  G  P  Thurstou 

Nevada  W  W  Traylor 

California  W  Willis 


Office  in  S.  F. 

327  Pine  st 

23  Nevada  Block 

309  Montgomery  st 

315  California  st 

37  Nevpda  Block 

309  Montgomery  st 


Amount. 

1  00 

1  00 

50 

25 
1  00 

50 


DATS 

May  5 
May  9 

April  26 
May  5 
Mt.y5 
May  3 

April  29 
Apr  29 
May  5 
MayS 
MayS 


Payable 
Jan  20 
Jan  16 
April  15 
Apr  21 
Apr  21 
Aor  12 


1235  California .... 

150  Challenge 

225  Caledonia 

620  Exchequer.... 

55  Gould  &  Curry 

70  HaleK  Nor... 

520  Justice 

510  Julia 

1220  L  Bryan 

15  LadvWash.... 

100  Leviathan 

170  Mexican 

65  MtView 

205  New  York 

420  Ophir 

130  Overman 

150  Phil  Sheridan. 

80  Sierra  Nevada. 

175  Savage 

350  Succor , 

200  Silver  Hill 

45  Utah 

30  Union  Con..., 
910  Wells-Fargo.... 

170  Ward 

165  Yellow  Jacket. 


2.80 

..l.80@U 
5i 

8g@& 

..nifffii 

3.90to3.8l 
3. 6503.50 

70c 

1 

45c 


60c 

.  .24J@24J 

91 

5c 

...,42@41:" 

10<$93 

55c 

1.05 

133 

...58@57J 

10c 

1.10@1.05 
.  ,158(315J 


afternoon  session. 

1030  Argenta U<g 

400  Belle  Isle 40c 

140  Bulwer 

560  Bechtel 1J@1.35 

330  Bodie 73@8 

600  Booker 60@65c 

700  Belvidere 1J 

100  Caledonia  (B  H) 2.20 

200  Champion 20c 

165  C  Pacific 2i@2.45 

200  DeFrees 5c 

550  Day 45(a50c 

300  Dudley 45c 

235  Eureka  Con 15J(ffl6 

100  Hussey 20c 

1450  Highbridge 30c 

200  Hillside 2.10 

1080  Independence  .2.30@2.40 

110  Jackson 7 

575  Jupiter 70@75c 

150  Leopard I1@H 

100  Manhattan 23(32.80 

425  McClinton 1JI&L.10 

210  Mono 2.90 

25  May  Belle 25c 

50  Northern  Belle 8& 


215  California 6J 

350  Con  Imperial. .1.35<a>l. 40 

95  Confidence 141@14 

210  Ohallenge 2.80(^2.85 

250  Exchequer 5j(g?53 

800  Flowery 65c 

120  Gould  &  Curry 8J(&83 

100  Hale  &  Nor lH@lli 

560  Justice 3.70(.ai3.65 

235  Julia 3.90(o\-  " 

■  10  Lady  Bryan 70c 

200  Lady  Wash 1 

475  Leviathan 50@60c 

30  Mexican 34<g>34i 

135  Mackey ±i@1.60 

500  Margarita 15c 

150  Mounta  n  View  ...5.J@5i 

45  Nortb  Con  Vir 10 

650  New  York 60@65c 

910  NBonanza... .1.30(6)1. 40 

400  Ophir 26j@27 

190  Overman 93 

70  Potosi 3.80 

35  Phil  Sheridan 45c 

160  Siena  Nevada.... 46iw46 

200  Succor 25c 

255  Silver  Hill 1.20@11 

90  Savage 9J(ffl0 

700  Solid  Silver 30c 

9a5  Scorpion 2J@2 j 

280  Trojan 10c 

130  Utah 14i 

230  Union  Con 69@69* 

1C0  Ward 1.05 

100  Wells-Fargo 10c 

155  Yellow  Jacket....  15S@16 
afternoon  session. 

630  Argenta 1.40<$1£ 

495  Aurora  T 15(g20c 

380  Albion &0c 

80  Bodie 8 

40  Bulwer 21g 

200  Booker 50@55c 

470  Belvidere 1 .40(®li 

336  Black  Hawk.. .2.60(^2.70 

700  Belle  Isle 35@40c 

600  Belmont 10@30c 

445  Bechtel 9D@9.:o 

400  Caledonia  (BH).2.10«t2.20 
100  C  Facific 2.10@2 

30  Champion 25c 

100  DeFrees 10c 

575  Day C0@55c 

350  Dudley 40c 

90  Eureka.  Con 15 

30j  Goodshaw 30c 

330  Grand  Prize 3£ 

300  Gila 3''C 

50  Highbridge 35c 

600  Hamburg 50c 

150  Hillside 2 

375  Independence.... 2j@2. SO 

50  Jackson 62(6t5fi 

3350  Jupiter 60@65c 

350  Leopard 1201.60 

20  Martin  White 5j 

220  Mono 3.10@3.05 

300  May  Belle 25c 

520  McClinton l@95e 

125  Manhattan 2J@2.55 

310  Northern  Belle 7 

1100  Navajo 20c 

500  Noonday 1.90 

100  NNoonday 80c 


80  Navajo 

450  NNoonday. 
150  Nuonday  . .. 
100  Oriental 

80  Paradise.... 
150  Red  Cloud.. 
550  S  Bulwer.... 
300  Summit 

50  Syndicate 

200  South  Standard. 

970  SBodie 

510  Tioga  Con 

400  University 


.15@20c 

1{ 

2i(«2  " 

50c 

4iK"l.l:" 

75c 

.S5t"SUc 
HU'UVJIi 

2 

. . . .20c 
40("4".l 
...1.70 
....50c 


ParadiBe l£ 

Richer 70@?  5o 

Raymond  &  Ely.  ,3i@3.90 

Revenue 1 

S  Bulwer 75i«.70c 

S  Standard 20c 

SBodie , 

Silver  King. . . 


Summit. 
Tuscarora . . 
Tioga  Con. . 

Tiptop 

University. . 


... .5c 


..80c 
,.40o 


Pacific  Board— Latest  Sales. 


V 'cri'silay  A.M.,  Apr.  83. 

60  Alpha 191 

60  Beicller 53 

120  Best  &  Belcher. ...15£@16 

150  Benton 5(o?4.95 

190  California 6.60 

90  Chollar 5[ 

500  Con  Imperial I] 

170  Con  Virginia 6i&6.2( 

60  Crown  Point 4.85 

30  Gould  &  Curry 8J 

10  Hale&Nor Ill 

30  Kentuck 4.80 

150  Mexican 331® 33A 

160  Ophir 2fijw26ji 

100  Potosi 3.85 

300  Savage 10 

30  Sierra  Nevada... 45J@45J 
50  Yellow  Jacket 15g 

A  FTERNOON  SESSION. 

ISO  Alta 53@5i 


60  Andes 

50  Argenta 

345  Benton...  ,,..3.85(5 

50  Bodie 91 

360  Boston 2. 

190  California 

50  Con  Virginia 

>0  Crown  Point 

100  Exchequer 

20  Gould  &  Curry. 

30  Halo  &.  Nor. 

40  Justice  . 
100  Mackey, 
100  Mexican. 
130  New  York. 

50  Ophir , 

110  Savage 

30  Scorpion.., 

50  Silver  Hill 
200  SBodie..., 
500  S  Utah.... 


.35c 
1.65 
3.95 


California  Board— Latest  Sales. 


WcdNflny  A.M.,  Apr.  23, 

500  -Etna ■. 7c 

120  Andes. 4<i@42ic 

,"0  Alta 51ft«5.30 

50  Alpna lM^alOJ 

90  Belcher 5.70(&5J 

120  Boston 2i(5;2.60 

30  Best,  a  Belcher 1*3 

.. 4.90(^4.95 


GW6A 

....U@1.40 
.4.95(ff4.8:» 
..5.70W5.S0 


70  Bullion, 

50  California  . , . 

60  Con  Virginia 
200  Con  Imperial, 
110  Crown  Point. 

8)  Chollar 

120  Crevice 

50  Challenge 2.80(5j2.85 

50  Caledonia, 1.S0@I.85 

50  Exchequer 51®5.20 

250  Favorite 30c 

30  Gould  fit  Curry 8J@8i 

110  Goodshaw 40c 

20  Hale&Nor 10} 

60  Julia 3.80@3.95 

120  Justice 3.70 

30  Mexican 33@33B 

100  N  Sierra  Nevada lc 

70  Ophir 25J@251 

200  Phil  Sheridan Be 

70  Potosi 3.70(«3B 

30  Savage 9g 

100  SUtah lc 


50  Sierra  Nevada. .  .45j@46J 
100  Silver  Hill 1.231 

50  Silver  Jacket 80o< 

90  Union 66i@66i 

2000  UFlag .„.4c 

100  WmPenn 20o  - 

2«0  Wells-Fargo 8c 

50  Yellow  Jacket  ..loj@15j 

AFTEKNOON  SEs»luN. 

300  /Etna 4c 

1400  Atlanta l@2c 

W00  AlmadenO 35o 

700  Alexander 5@3i 

200  Andes 40c 

50  Alpha 19JC<*19i 

60  Alta 5J@5? 

50  Belcher 5j@5.7l 

50  Bestft Belcher....  16@16| 
100  Bullion 5W5J 

65  California 

50  Con  Virginia.. 
300  Con  Imperial.. 
503  Co.soUon.. 

60  Crown  Point. , 

50  Chollar 5J®5f 

100  Enterprise 1 

50  Exchequer. 5j@5| 

1 0  Gould  &  Curry 8J@85 

100  Golden  Chariot ,35c 

200  GDeposit 35c 

50  Halo  &  Nor 1H@11* 


..1.35#Il 
5o 

.4.75(a:4.70 


April  26,  1879.1 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


269 


40  JulU 

40   KsdCH 
lfaO  .Ncwuk ... 

■ 
40  I'ofcj-i    .    . 
40  Bsvace 
50  Hirm  Nevi 


....3|«f3."0     .'0  Silver  nilL 1  24 

40c 

rti*r 1  to 

....3M«06i    150  Union  Oon 684*681 

,...3.Tl>« 

Wells-Panto... 
k....4T@*71     50  Yellow  J 


Mining  Share  Market 

There  has  been  little  or  nothing  of  interest  in 
the  share  market  during  the  past  week.  The 
same  listleaaneae  ami  inactivity  still  prevails, 
and  it  is  doubtful  whether  a  lighter  aggregate  of 
■ales  has  characterized  any  other  period  during 
the  year.  The  uncertainty  concerning  the  new- 
Constitution  has  had  the  worst  possible  effect 
on  both  operators  and  market,  preventing  them 
from  doing  either  one  thing  or  the  other  until 
its  rejection  or  acceptance  is  decided.  Thin 
gives  the  market  a  freedom  from  fluctuation  or 
excitement  which  many  construe  into  a  "hope- 
ful firmness,"  The  general  talk  predicts  an 
immediate  rise  after  election,  and  it  is  to  be 
hoped  that  such  will  be  the  case.  The  only 
event  worthy  of  notice  during  the  week  was 
the  wholly  unaccountable  spurt  in  the  Corn- 
stocks  on  Monday.  There  was  a  sharper  rise 
in  Union  Con.,  Sierra  Nevada,  Mexican  and 
other  north  end  stocks  than  has  been  seen  for  a 
month  past.  No  definite  reason  can  bo  as- 
signed for  the  movement,  and,  in  fact,  it  was 
only  temporary,  tho  prices  falliug  again  on 
Tuesday  to  their  old  level,  from  which  they  did 
not  recover  during  the  week. 


Shasta  County  Notes. 

April  10th,  during  onr  recent  visit  to  the 
north,  we  gleaned  the  following  notes  from  in- 
dividuals in  Shasta  City,  the  county  seat  of 
Shasta  county: 

At  Frank  Litsch's  store  is  to  be  seen  a  white 
quartz  boulder,  containing  a  large  quantity  of 
free  gold,  estimated  to  contain  39  ounces, 
valued  at  $700  dollars.  It  was  found  about 
three  weeks  ago  in  the  placer  claims  of  Gabriel 
Salort,  on  Flat  creek,  some  7  miles  north  of 
town. 

At  Wiaer's,  two  miles  below  Shasta,  several 
lodes  are  being  prospected  by  Alvan  Potter,  a 
well  known  miner  of  this  region.  He  is  down 
over  40  feet  on  the  Wiser  ledge.  This  and 
the  old  Spanish  are  showing  good  promise. 
We  saw  some  very  rich  rock  carrying  visible 
free  gold.  Several  new  mining  homes  enlivens 
the  wayside  at  this  locality. 

Near  French  Gulch,  on  the  road  to  the 
Washington  company,  we  pass  the  Highland 
claims,  where  Judge  W.  E.  Hopping,  after  j  ears 
of  perseverence,  has  found  his  rich  ledge  again,  in 

food  and  solid  width,  from  which  we  expect  to 
ear  further  decidedly  good  results. 
On  Washington  hill,  at  French  Gulch,  the 
Washington  company  will  resume  mill  opera- 
tions next  month.  The  Niagara  has  200  tons 
of  good  looking  ore  out  already,  and  are  put- 
ting up  an  arastra  for  immediate  work. 

Kern  and  Shea  are  busy  with  their  arastra 
on  good  rock.  They  have  already  enough  out 
to  last  them  over  two  years.  They  are  well 
satisfied  with  their  prospects.  Mr.  Willey  has 
returned  from  the  East  and  commenced  work 
with  new  vim,  together  with  his  partner,  Mr. 
Phillip.  On  the  other  side  of  the  Gulch,  the  old 
Franklin  is  worked  by  Simon  Sutter.  It  prom- 
ises to  become  an  excellent  paying  mine  again. 
Further  down,  the  Churchill  company  is  work- 
ing placer  claims  successfully,  we  understand. 
Several  other  claims  are  working  thereabouts  of 
which  we  have  no  report. 

Several  quartz  cl  dms  at  Whisky  town  are 
paying  very  well.  Grotefend  &  Co.  have  their 
mill  completed  on  the  old  Peckham  claim;  will 
commence  crushing  next  week  on  very  fine 
ore.  The  Warfield  &  Co, 'a  claim  (first  exten- 
sion south  of  the  Peckham)  are  working  an 
arastra  with  satisfactory  results,  of  which  we 
shall  doubtless  hear  further  hereafter. 

On  Dog  creek,  30  miles  north  of  Shasta,  near 
the  stage  route  to  Yreka,  there  are  several 
6rst-rate  quartz  claims.  Smith  &  Co.  are  de- 
veloping a  ledge  with  indications,  so  far  as  pros- 
pected, of  one  of  the  best  paying  in  the  State. 
The  arastras  (in  many  instances  at  least)  in 
this  county  have  fallen  into  good,  practical 
hands,  and  are  made  to  "pay  as  they  go"  in 
thoroughly  testing  the  ledges  before  the  erection 
of  costly  mills.  Many  capital-waiting  pros- 
pectors elsewhere  should  make  a  note  of  this 
and  follow  suit  for  their  own  and  the  public 
good. 

The  quartz  business,  still  looming  up  in 
Shasta  county,  seems  destined  to  progress  ex- 
tensively for  years  to  come.  The  increasing 
shipment  of  bullion  is  already  telling  a  good 
story  for  this  county. 

_  Green  &  Halsey,  of  the  Spring  Creek  Hydrau- 
lic Co.,  on  Salt  Pork  ridge  three  miles  east  of 
Shasta,  have  a  good  supply  of  water  and  are 
now  piping  in  full  force.  They  are  hopeful 
oyer  the  prospects  of  the  season's  work,  and 
will  not  clean  up  until  some1  time  in  June.  A 
good  report  is  then  confidently  looked  for  by 
those  best  posted. 

On  Thursday  of  last  week  we  visited  Nelson 
Waite  and  James  Howe  (partners  with  J.  R 
Jones),  at  Texas  Springs,  situated  three  miles  up 
Clear  creek  from  Bell's  bridge  and  railroad 
crossing  on  the  Reading  ranch.  They  own  the 
Clear  Creek  ditch,  extending  50  miles  from  the 
Tower  house  to  Texas  Springs.  Here  450  acres 
of  patented  land  comprises  part  of  their  mining 


ground.  They  lately  purchased  2,000  feet  of 
iron  pipe— II  and  13-inch— made  by  Francis 
Smith,  S.  I\,  which  they  are  just  now  laying 
for  working  an  old  rivar  channel  considered 
v.ry  rich.  They  reckon  the  channel  will 
average  100  feet  <>r  more  wide  by  some  2,000 
feet  long.  With  twogiant  pipes  end  the  improve- 
ments they  ire  dow  putting  iu,  the  prospects 
seem  to  be  that  a  rich  and  continuous  harvest  is 
close  at  their  hands.  The  ditch  supplies  water 
the  year  round.  Claims  in  this  vicinity  have 
yielded  largo  sums  of  money  in  the  old  "  hand 
to  month  way  of  working.  These  hard 
workingmen  have  persevered  to  an  extent 
worthy  of  all  the  success  they  seem  des- 
tined to  soon  realize.  Since  1849  Mr.  Waite 
has  mined  in  this  section,  ami  for  a  term  of 
years  in  partnership  with  Mr.  Howe.  We 
may  hero  mention  that  Messrs.  Howe  and 
Waite  have  applied  for  a  patent  on  a  new  sys- 
tem of  movable  sluices  calculated  to  work  off 
tlats  having  so  limited  a  fall  that  they  cannot 
otherwise  be  practicably  worked.  Their  device 
is  simple  and  can  also  be  made  serviceable  iu 
reclaiming  ground  for  agricultural  purposes. 


INING     SUMMARY. 


The  following  is  mostly  condensed  from  journals  pub- 
lished in  the  interior,  in  proximity  to  the  mines  mentioned. 


CALIFORNIA. 
AMADOR. 

Amador  Gravel  — Ledger,  April  1ft:  The  claim  com- 
prises  over  200  acres.  A  small  gulch,  coming  in  from  the 
north,  cuts  the  claim  near  the  center.  On  either  side  the 
ground  alopei)  up  gently  to  an  elevation  of  about  150  ft. 
Both  banks  are  auriferous,  hut  the  eastern  elope  has  ho 
far  monopolized  tho  attention  of  the  company,  The  man- 
ager has  confined  his  attention  up  to  the  present  time  to 
opening  up  the  mine  for  hydraulieing  on  a  large  scale.  An 
open  cut  extends  from  the  bed  of  the  ravine  into  the  hill 
a  distance  of  204  ft.  This  cut  is  in  places  40  ft  deep,  and 
is  intended  for  the  reception  of  the  Hume.  At  the  end  of 
Lho  cut,  a  well-defined  gravel  bed,  30  ft  in  thickness,  la 
seen-  -evidently  a  river  channel,  or  other  largo  water  way. 
The  gravel  is  rather  coarse,  the  boulders  being  smoothed 
and  rounded,  unmistakably  showing  the  agency  of  water. 
A  large  proportion  of  the  gravel  iv  composed  of  quartz. 
The  entire  bank  would  wash  freely,  as  very  little  pipe- 
clay or  cement  is  met  with.  At  the  face  of  the  cut,  the 
gravel  dips  visibly.  Supposing  the  gravel  to  hold  its 
present  level,  when  the  crest  of  the  hill  is  reached  the 
pay  dirt  will  be  100  ft  in  thickness.  Different  parts  of  the 
hill  have  been  tested,  and  found  to  prospect  well,  and  the 
outlook  for  an  extensive  and  profitable  hydraulic  claim  is 
fiattering.  Nine  hundred  ft  of  Hume,  three  ft  wide  and 
two  ft  deep,  is  being  constructed  as  rapidly  as  possible, 
and  the  wjrk  of  putting  it  in  position  will  soon  com- 
mence. There  is  a  branch  ditch,  three  and  a  half  miles 
tong,  connecting  with  the  Amador  canal.  The  ditch  at 
present  will  carry  800  niches,  but  it  is  to  be  enlarged  to 
a  capacity  of  1,000  inches.  InBide  of  a  month,  it  is  ex- 
pected to  have  everything  in  readiness  to  open  upon  the 
bank  with  from  800  to  1,000  inches  of  water.  The  claim 
at  present  gives  employ  ment  to  10  men  All  the  appli- 
ances and  conveniences  necessary  to  mine  on  a  scale  iu 
keeping  with  the  vastnese  of  the  claim,  are  on  the  ground. 
There  is  a  blacksmith's  and  carpenter  shop,  both  fully 
equipped.  Also,  a  commodious  boarding  house  in  course 
of  erection. 

Millo  Mine.— The  Millo  Bros,  have  built  a  five-stamp 
mill  at  Middle  Bar,  to  operate  a  quartz  claim  in  that 
neighborhood.  They  have  been  busily  engaged  for  months 
past  in  fitting  up  the  mill,  and  it  is  now  in  first-class 
working  order.  The  owners  expect  the  rock  they  have  on 
the  dump  to  yield  $20  per  ton,  and  there  is  plenty  more  of 
the  same  quality  in  sight  in  the  mine. 

Miscellaneous.— F.  H.  Thorns  &  Co.  have  commenced 
sinking  a  shaft  on  a  quartz  ledge,  three  miles  north  of 
Plymouth,  on  the  place  of  H.  C.  Davis.  It  is  an  old 
claim  formerly  worked  by  Jeese  Morris,  deceased.  Joseph 
Burgas,  "French  Joe,"  in  his  claim  about  half  a  mile 
from  Clinton,  had  the  good  fortune  to  pick  up  a  $33  nug- 
get, a  day  or  two  since.  S.  G.  Spagnoli,  in  his  hydraulic 
claim,  frequently  finds  nuggets  between  clean-ups  varying 
in  value  from  $6  to  $10. 

CALAVERAS. 

New  Mill. — Chronicle,  April  19:  Active  operations  are 
in  progress  at  the  Mount  Tmolus  mine,  Jesus  Maria  dis- 
trict. A  new  10-stamp  mill  is  being  erected,  and  a  large 
number  of  men  are  engaged  in  developing  the  mine. 
Levels  are  being  run,  stopes  opened  and  everything  got 
in  shape  for  taking  out  ore  rapidly  when  the  mill  is 
ready  for  crushing.  Twenty-seven  men  aro  employed 
about  the  mill  and  mine,  and  a  larger  force  will  be  put  on 
as  soon  as  taking  out  ore  and  milling  is  commenced.  The 
Mount  Tmolus  is  pretty  well  developed  and  known  to  be 
a  good  mine. 
EL  DORADO- 

Kelsf.y  Items. — Cor.  Placerville  Democrat,  April  19:  A 
crushing  of  rock  taken  from  the  croppings  fcr  a  distance 
of  600  ft  along  the  Estrella  ledge,  gave  a  return  of  97  per 
ton.  The  rock  crushed  was  the  poorest  that  eould  be 
chosen,  and  was  selected  for  the  purpose  of  determining 
whether  there  was  any  barren  rock  in  this  lode  or  not 
The  tunnel  of  the  Esperanza  is  now  in  to  the  lode,  and 
the  work  of  crosscutting  the  ore  is  going  on  rapidly;  they 
have  now  driven  into  the  ore  body  12  ft  and  the  ore  is 
still  solid  in  front,  and  good  prospects  ore  got  with  mortar 
and  pan.  Owing  to  the  bad  weather  and  other  difficulties 
the  work  of  clearing  the  Rosecranz  of  water  is  progressing 
slowly. 

FRESNO. 

Oro  Fino.— Cor.  Republican,  April  12:  The  mill  of  the 
Fresno  gold  mining  company  has  been  running  since  the 
18th  of  March,  night  and  day,  Sundays  excepted,  crushing 
in  that  time  60  tons  of  ore  from  the  company's  mines.  On 
the  9th  the  mill  was  shut  down  and  a  very  satisfactory 
clean-up  made.  The  B0  tons  of  ore  worked  yielded  104 
ounces  o!  bullion  worth  §14  per  ounce.  The  mines  are 
showing  splendidly,  and  new  ground  is  being  cut  daily 
with  the  most  flattering  prospects  The  mine  and  every 
thing  connected  therewith  is  being  worked  and  carried 
on,  strictly  on  business  principles  and  with  the  greatest 
economy.  The  mill  will  be  started  up  again  in  a  few  days. 
Preparations  are  being  made  to  commence  work  at  Quartz 
mountain.  The  ledge  of  quartz  is  immense,  averaging 
four  ft  in  thickness,  and  the  hanging  wall,  by  some  agency 
of  nature,  has  entirely  disappeared,  leaving  about  20 
acres  of  the  ledge  exposed,  bo  that  there  is  nothing  to  do 
but  to  quarry  it  out  and  it  is  ready  for  milling.  The 
owner  of  this  immense  ledge  will  commence  the  erection 
of  a  mill  of  large  capacity  immediately.  The  ore  has  been 
tested  and  will  yield  about  $12  per  ton.  At  the  old  Har- 
bert  mine,  nine  tons  of  ore  were  worked  in  an  arastra 
which  yielded  over  $65  per  ton.  There  is  an  old  10-atamp 
mill  on  the  property,  and  the  ledge  averages  five  ft  in 
thickness,  with  a  rich  streak  of  14  inches  next  the  hang- 
ing wall,  the  quartz  all  carrying  gold  in  paying  quantity. 
The  mine  has  been  closed  for  seven  years  owing  to  finan- 
cial embarrassment  caused  by  bad  management,  which  it 
is  stated  has  been  overcome,  and  work  will  shortly  be 
resumed. 

INYO 

Darwin  Mines. — Independent,  April  19:  Mr.  Wm. 
Rosa,  of  Lookout,  is  reported  to  have  discovered  a  very 


ring  gold-quart*  prospect,  which   U  looking  re- 
markably well,  and  he  Is  shipping  ore  to  San   Francisco. 
It  Is  located  In  Snow's  canyon.     Thev  will  soon  start  up 
ipmlll  M   Boost's:  canyon  for  a  month's 
rug  or  more.    Tbs  Kei  i  ,      .  s  furnace 

will  start  up  shortly  for  a  three  or  four  weeks'   run,  and 

■    own  ores  trill  smell  those  from  the  following 

coiiipsiuvH  and  mines;      I'h.     I  ustrr  mine  1b  still 

ore,  and  ilreedj  h-w  over  loo  tons  At  the  furnace,  The 
Uodocfe  mining  -  iMpping  60 

tOW  the   Minnielta  Belle  Co..  bv   Ik-audrv  &    Bclshaw, 
80  urn*;  the  San  Vgnaclu  mine, 
1  hild  ft  Greenly,  has  now  on  the  ■■.-. 

■even  tons,  end  It  Is  expected  that  from  10  to  L6  tons  wW 
it-  reeeiied  from  the  Hindoo  mine, the  propertj 
Child*.  nVrastionfffli  Wallace,    if  the  results  ar 

end    favurublu   after    being   sampled    and    assayed,    the 

Uodoek    Co    will  probably  send  all  their  smell 

over,  ox  also  the  (Muter,  and    no  doubt    the  balance.      Phfl 

NewOosoCo.,  thi b  their  superintendent,  Mr.  J.  j. 

Williams,  are  offering  uv.-rable  inductmenu  toull  parties 
having  on  in  limited  quantities  to  have  the  same  trorked 

cheap. 

MONO 

Si  iXDA&D.— Standard,  April  21:     The  south  drift    from 

the  main  ihaft.  S8fi  lavei,  Is  In  806  ft;  progress  during  the 

week,  3]  ft  The  ledge  n*  tWO  ft  wide,  and  looks  m  II.  The 
east  crosscut  from  this  drift,  300  ft  south  ol  ■baft,  is  in  80 
It  in  very  favorable  ground.  Tho  north  drift  to  conned 
with  incline  has  been  run  17  ft.  The  ledge  Is  four  ft  wide 
of  very  good  ore.  An  upraise  has  been  started  on  this 
ledge  100  ft  north  of  the  main  crosscut.  This  upraise 
■hows  a  ledge  four  ft  wide  of  very  fino  ore.  The  DOSt 
crosscut,  Too  level,  is  in  34  ft,  The  rack  is  very  hard. 
The  WOSt  crosscut,  same  level,  is  In  37  ft.  The  West 
Standard  winze  is  down  U0  ft.  The  ledge  in  the  bottom  is 
IS  Inches  wide  ol  very  rich  ore.  The  south  drift  on  the 
pUdea  lodge  is  in  107  ft.  The  ledge  is  two  ft  wide  and 
looks  well.  A  new  wire  rope  for  the  incline  shaft  has  been 
received. 

Bi  liver.— The  south  drift,  380  level,  has  been  advanced 
during  the  week  12  ft;  total  length,  202  ft.  The  ledge  is 
two  and  one-half  ft  wide,  and  looks  well.  The  west  cross- 
cut from  this  drift  is  in  100  ft.  The  rock  in  the  face  is 
still  hard.  .  Drifts  north  and  south  have  been  started  on 
the  last  ledge  cut  in  this  crosscut  at  50  ft  west  of  the  main 
south  drift.  The  ledge  is  four  ft  wide  of  good  ore.  The 
south  drift,  280  level,  is  in  80  ft;  progress  since  last  re- 
port, 13  ft.  The  ledge  is  here  three  ft  wide,  of  good  ore. 
Extracting  ore  and  shipping  to  the  Bodic  mill  has  been 
resumed. 

The  Blackiiawk.— The  Warren  ledge  has  been  cut  on 
the  320  level  in  west  crosscut,  a"  out  00  ft  from  the  shaft. 
The  size  and  looks  of  the  ledge  are  not  unlike  the  showing 
on  the  220;  the  fissure  is  widest  south,  or  about  three  ft, 
and  two  and  a  half  north,  with  very  rich  stratum  on  hang- 
ing wall  of  several  Inches  thick,  remainder  of  filling  of 
lower  grade.  But  little  drifting  has  been  done.  The 
crosscut  is  still  going  ahead,  as  is  that  on  tho  220  level. 
Crosscutting  is  proceeding  from  the  320  level  directly  east 
from  the  shaft,  in  favorable  formation. 

Tioga.— Tho  crosscut  west  from  the  main  shaft,  520 
level,  is  the  most  interesting  feature  of  the  mine.  It  will 
be  pushed  rapidly.  The  formation  is  very' favorable.  The 
crosscuts  on  420  and  320  levels  are  going  ahead  as  usual. 
It  is  probable  that  orders  will  come  for  pushing  a  lateral 
drift  north  from  the  520  level  to  connect  with  the  Syndi- 
cate main  tunnel,  and  pushing  things  generally. 

Con.  Pacific. — The  winze  on  ledge  No.  2  has  reached  a 
iJeplb  of  133$  ft  below  the  old  tunnel,  or  about  160  ft  be- 
low the  surface.  The  ledge  averaged  over  20  inches  in 
width  all  the  way  down  of  good  ore.  For  several  ft  near 
the  bottom  it  was  very  rich.  A  crosscut  has  been  started 
west  at  this  point  to  cut  other  hdges,  especially  ledge  No. 
1,  distance  40  ft.  The  main  shaft  is  down  over  200  ft,  and 
a  contract  is  let  to  sink  it  to  a  depth  of  260  ft,  when  cross- 
cuts will  be  started  both  east  and  west.  The  formation  is 
every  way  favorable  at  present 

Summit.— The  north  drift,  200  level,  is  in  128  ft;  progress 
during  the  week,  2i  ft.  -  The  ledge  is  10  inches  wide,  and 
looks  well.  The  east  crosscut  from  this  drift  is  in  24  ft  in 
very  hard  rock.  The  south  drift  has  been  advanced,  since 
last  report,  35  ft;  total  length,  211  ft.  The  ledge  here  is 
15  inches  wide.  The  shaft  is  now  down  50  ft  below  the 
200  level.     The  ledge  in  the  bottom  is  two  ft  wide. 

StooURNKY.—Work  has  been  resumed  on  this  fine  prop- 
erty. Tlie  Sigourney  is  situated  at  the  extreme  south  end 
of  the  mineral  belt,  so  far  as  it  is  known  to  exist.  The 
ledge  has  been  prospected  by  a  tunnel  for  a  distance  of 
nearly  200  ft,  and  found  to  bean  average  width  of  three 
ft.    It  carries  silver  principally. 

Red  Cloud  Con.— Tho  west  crosscut,  400  level,  is  being 
extended  beyond  the  Packard  and  Morton,  and  is  in  good 
vein-bearing  ground.  It  will  bo  continued  to  Red  Cloud 
ledge  No.  2.  The  east  crosscut,  same  level,  is  being 
pushed  ahead  for  the  Westchester  vein.  On  the  250  level 
the  ore  in  the  south  drift  is  improving  in  quality. 

South  Bodie.— The  shaft  is  down  495  ft.  The  formation 
is  very  favorable.  After  sinking  a  sump,  a  crosscut  will  be 
run  east  and  west  at  500  ft. 

NEVADA. 

Scaddes  Flat  Mill.— Grass  Valley  Union,  April  10: 
The  stamps  of  the  mill  of  the  Scadden  Flat  mining  com- 
pany have  commenced  dropping.  The  mill  contains  two 
batteries  of  five  stamps  each.  The  platform  is  filled  with 
a  good  quality  of  rock  taken  from  the  bottom  of  the  mine, 
in  which  free  gold  can  be  seen,  and  which  carries  finely  in 
heavy  sulphurets  and  galena.  The  ledge  in  the  mine  is 
two  ft  in  size,  and  no  difficulty  will  be  experienced  in 
keeping  the  stamps  going  Bteadily.  Besides  the  quartz 
taken  out  by  the  company,  there  are  several  hundred  loads 
on  the  dump  near  by  which  have  been  raised  by  the 
tributers,  and  is  now  ready  for  crushing. 

Miscellaneous.  —  Foothill  Tidings,  April  19:  The  own- 
ers of  the  Deadwood  mine  assumed  contiol  of  the  prop- 
erty on  the  10th  inst.,  the  term  of  the  last  lease  having 
expired.  They  expect  to  open  up  the  100  level  farther 
south,  on  the  chute,  the  north  drift  on  that  lovel  having 
already  been  commenced.  In  the  Pittsburg  the  600  north 
stopes  and  drifts  are  yielding  a  large  amount  of  good  ore. 
The  700  north  stopes  are  much  improved  and  yielding 
finely.  The  800  north  drift  and  stope  are  producing  a  fine 
quality  of  ore,  and  never  showed  better  than  at  present. 
The  800  south  stopes  are  also  yielding  satisfactorily.  The 
mill  is  kept  running  up  to  its  full  capacity  and  doing  good 
work.  The  Idaho  paid  its  116th  dividend  this  week,  being 
$5  per  share,  and  amounting  to  815,600.  Over  §20,000 
was  paid  out  to  employees  and  for  supplies— keeping  up 
the  circulating  medium.  The  Excelsior  water  and  gravel 
mining  company,  of  Smartsville,  have  declared  a  dividend 
of  25  cents  per  share,  payable  on  Monday,  April  21st.  The 
tunnel  of  the  Planet  gravel  mine  is;n  a  distance  of  1,712 
ft.  An  upraise  is  now  being  made  to  strike  gravel.  The 
Gold  Hill  mining  company  has  levied  an  assessment  of  10 
cents  per  share,  payable  May  15th.  Work  on  the  mine 
will  be  resumed  about  May  1st.  A  few  days  ago,  §5,000 
was  produced  at  a  single  clean-up  from  a  mine  in  Little 
York  cownship,  being  §2,000  in  excess  of  any  previous 
clean-up.  The  Milton  and  the  Eureka  Lake  gravel  min- 
ing companies  each  had  a  clean-up  the  other  day,  and 
though  the  claims  are  several  miles  apart,  the  result  in 
each  case  was  within  a  few  cents  of  the  same,  $41,120.     It 

estimated  by  competent  judges  that  during  last  week 
from  §100,000  to  $125,000  was  cleaned  up  in  the  various 
gravel  mines  of  Nevada  county.  The  water  in  the  shaft 
of  the  Knight  of  Malta  mine  has  been  lowered  over  00  ft. 
It  is  expected  that  the  water  will  be  out  before  Monday, 
and  a  contract  let  to  sink  the  main  incline  100  ft  deeper. 
The  new  shaft  of  the  Washington  is  connected  with  the 
100  level,  but  it  will  take  some  time  to  square  up  and  tim- 
ber. The  New  York  mine,  in  Willow  valley,  near  Nevada, 
is  to  be  incorporated. 

PLUMAS. 

Aliotii  Notes.— Cor.  National,  April  12:  The  new  dis- 
covery of  Henry  Neseman  is  a  continuation  of  the  streak 
he  worked  a  few  years  ago,  which,  at  that  time,  appeared 
simply  as  a  rich  spot  in  the  bedrock  (porphyry),  without 
walls  or  any  of  the  distinguishing  evidences  of  a  vein.  I 
The  present  opening  is  to  the  southwest  of  the  former  one, 
and  reveals  a  true  lode  formation,  tbe  main  paying  streak  I 


being  but  a  few  inches  in  thickness,  composed  mainly  of 

micacious  iron,  hut    under    the    magnifier    showing   BOOM 

quarts  and  Iron  garnet;  the  gold  being  quite  free  and  of  a 

i  color,    The  wall  on  the  hanging  side  carries 

gold  iu  paying  quantities  through  a  width  of  20  inches, 
the  lead  runs  northeast  and  sontawest,  dipping  at  an 
angle  of  40*  to  southeast.  The  best  rock  will  be  hauled  to 
bli  ranch,  and  worked  in  un  aro»ira  driven  by  s  horizon- 
tal \Ji,  el  A  little  to  thfl  south  ol  the  Neseman  lead  Is 
the  urine  known  aa  the  King  mine,  nu  agatized  quarts, 

eh,  at  one  time,  a  five-stamp  mill   was  operated, 

but  tthleh  was  moved  to  the  Betterton  mine  when  it  was 

:  *o  well.     South  of  the  King  is  a  series  of   lodes 

different  parties  who  have,  at  times,  hauled  and 
worked  the  rock  in  several  ravines  where  water  eould  be 

h^d  for  driving  arustiaa.  The  Bullion  and  Poorinun  lodes 
are  dosi  being  operated  In  that  way  bv  Messrs.  llapgood 
a  Miller,  Then  oomas,  still  going  south,  the  S.uita  Rosa, 
u  innemuoos.  Sierra,  Enterprise,  llawkoyc,  and  Antelope, 
the  latter  holding  a  large  percentage  ol  copper;  the  vein 
from  three  to  six  ft  wide,  strike  north  and  south,  dip 
vertical.  This  has  been  explored  by  two  shafts  1,000  ft 
apart,  with  a  short  tunnel  between,  and  when  worked  by 
uraKtros  has  yielded  a  White  bullion  worth  about  $0  an 
ounue.     The  latter  named  mine  is  to  be  explosed    by    a 

Bhort  tunnel  to  strike  the  lead  over  160  ft  deep,  with  a 

\  r  .\  t..  prepare  again Bt  another  season  (or  active  opera- 
tions, working  hy  one  of  the  leaching  processes,  preferably 
the  Bunt  and  f'oiiglas,  so  as  to  save  the  gold,  silver  and 
aoppeTj  each  se|>arately,  and  nearly  chemically  pure. 

SHASTA- 

Opknino  it.  — Reading  Independent,  April  17:  The 
pump  at  the  Donkey  mine  has  been  continuously  working, 
and  for  some  time  men  have  been  employed  in  taking  out 
more  Ol  this  rich  and  ilne  appearing  ore.      Thev  have  now 

a  large  number  of  miners  at  the  dump.  W.  C.  Boylan 
still  continues  as  the  Superintendent.  The  Afterthought 
mill  is  nearly  done,  and  would  have  been  completed  and 
running  before  this  but  the  winter  has  been  so  severe 
that  they  have  got  but  little  wood  on  hand  and  have  been 
troubled  about  getting  in  other  supplies.  Tbe  new  piece 
of  road  is  done,  the  flume  fully  repaired,  conveying  to  tho 
mill  the  necessary  amount  of  water  required.  Prof. 
O'Harra's,  and  other  mechanical  appliances  that  will  be 
used  in  the  new  mill,  will  do  away  with  a  great  deal  of 
manual  labor  employed  at  other  mills.  The  fact  is  that 
there  will  be  no  hund  work  uBed  after  the  ore  leaves  the 
dump. 

SIERRA. 

Bunkkh  Hill  Mink.-  Mountain  Messenger,  April  12: 
This  mine,  situated  near  Little  Grizzly,  on  the  ridgo  south 
of  Poker  flat,  is  under  the  active  supervision  of  Hon.  C. 
S.  Abbott,  and  is  now  being  rapidly  developed  under  his 
management.  Mr.  Abbott  struck  pay  dirt  on  the  bedrock 
on  the  second  week  in  February,  and  the  first  week  all 
the  men  employed  at  the  mine  was  engaged  in  drifting, 
and  for  several  days  took  out  §20  per  day  to  the  nick.  Du- 
ring the  month  of  March,  Mr.  Abbott  extended  tunnels 
and  prepared  for  an  increase  of  force.  The  pay  gravel 
continues  and  the  force  will  soon  be  increased.  A  con- 
tract has  been  let  upon  favorable  terms  for  the  company 
to  extend  the  main  tunnel  200  ft.  This  extension  will 
thoroughly  open  the  main  channel  and  will  enable  the 
company  to  put  on  a  large  force.  The  company  having 
an  abundance  of  living  water,  a  large  bullion  product  will 
be  produced  this  season. 

Bonanza  Company.— This  company  is  pushing  its  work 
with  rapidity,  and  will  have  its  tunnel  into  pay  gravel  by 
September  next,  and  from  the  fact  of  its  lying  next  ad- 
joining the  famous  Fmpire  mining  company's  ground,  and 
that  the  latter  worked  in  rich  ground  up  to  the  line,  there 
can  be  no  question  of  its  proving  a  veritable  bonanza  in 
fact  as  well  as  in  name  to  its  owners. 

TRINITY. 

Cinnabar  District. — Cor  ./on  rnal,  April  19:  The  main 
tunnel  runs  in  a  distance  of  7S0  ft  to  the  principal  deposit 
of  ore,  and  they  intend  running  60  ft  beyond,  whero  hoist- 
ing works  will  be  built.  Fifteen  men  are  at  work  now 
besides  the  Chinese,  andare taking  outorcat  a  lively  rate. 
The  concentration  works  are  running  every  day  and  get- 
ting out  from  1,200  to  1,600  pounds  of  cinnabar  daily, 
which  will  make  seven  or  eight  flasks  of  quicksilver.  The 
retorts  will  start  up  the  last  of  this  month. 

Bcllycuoop. — Work  is  going  ahead  in  the  Bullychoop 
&  Occidental  tunnel,  but  tbe  progress  is  slow  as  the  rock 
is  very  hard.  The  Sinclair  four-stamp  mill  is  being  run 
to  its  full  capacity.  Mr.  Knox  is  looking  out  a  road  over 
which  he  can  get  a  10-stamp  mill,  now  on  the  way  from 
San  Francisco,  to  the  mines.  Sillcox  &  Co.  continue  to  get 
splendid  prospects  in  their  new  lode.  Indicationsare  that 
Bullychoop  will  be  a  lively  camp  this  summer;  much 
prospecting  will  he  done  and  considerable  gold  taken  from 
the  mines  now  being  worked. 

TUOLUMNE. 

The  Kslbby.— Independent,  April  19:  The  Kelsey  mill 
is  running  night  and  day  on  good  ore.  The  rock  is  soft  and 
easily  mined,  so  there  is  no  difficulty  in  keeping  the  mill 
well  supplied.  The  ore  is  conveyed  from  mine  to  mill  In 
a  car  running  on  an  elevated  wire  cable,  a  distance  of  some 
300  yards.  At  tbe  mill  the  car  dumps  itself  and  returns 
to  the  mine  for  another  load.  All  the  arrangements  of 
the  company  have  an  eye  to  speed  and  economy  in  work- 
ing, evincing  an  intelligent  and  systematic  management. 

Riverside.—  At  the  Riverside,  they  are  making  good 
progress  in  the  lower  tunnel  which  is  designed  to  get 
under  the  old  workings  at  a  great  depth.  Patent  drills 
are  used,  driven  by  an  air  compressor.  The  tunnel  is 
now  in  very  hard  rock,  and  is  being  made  wide  enough 
for  two  tracks.  The  mill  is  running  on  {rood  rock,  but 
the  supply  of  ore  is  only  sufficient  to  keep  it  going  in  the 
day  time,  the  force  having  been  reduced,  and  a  gang  of 
men  put  at  work  driving  the  lower  tunnel.  When  this  is 
finished,  hoisting  works  will  not  be  necessary;  and  it  was 
not  deemed  economical  to  go  to  the  expense  of  putting 
them  up  now,  as  in  a  few  months  the  lower  tunnel  would 
be  completed,  rendering  them  of  no  further  utility. 

NEVADA. 
WASHOE  DISTRICT. 

Belcher.— Gold  Hill  News,  April  23:  The  south  cross- 
cut, 2360  level,  has  reached  vein  matter,  but  not  yet  tbe 
ledge  proper.  The  face  is  in  seams  of  clay  and  black  dyke. 
The  distance  run  here  shows  that  the  ledge  has  swung 
toward  the  east  80  ft  in  running  south  3G0  ft.  On  the 
2560  level  crosscut  No.  1,  opposite  the  incline,  is  now 
Into  the  ledge  and  is  encountering  quartz  assaying  from 
$10  to  $12  per  ton. 

Trojan.— On  the  3d  level  a  crosscut  has  been  started 
east  at  a  point  in  the  northeast  drift,  114  ft  beyond  the 
upraise  No.  5.  This  crosscut  and  the  drift  itself  are  mak- 
ing fair  progress  in  quartz  giving  low  assays. 

Con.  Virginia.— The  joiutdriit  west  on  the  850  level  is 
making  four  ft  per  day  in  hard  blasting  porphyry.  The 
joint  drift  west  from  the  C.  &  C.  shaft,  2150  level,  is  mak- 
ing five  ft  per  day  in  fine-looking  vein  matter.  Sinking 
at  the  C.  &,  C.  shaft,  which  has  been  interrupted  by  the 
breaking  of  a  pump  rod,  has  been  resumed. 

Savage. —The  work  of  overhauling  and  repairing  every- 
thing in  and  about  the  mine  needing  it,  including  the 
Gould  &  Curry  drift,  1600  level,  has  been  commenced. 
The  water  is  slowly  rising  in  the  mine. 

Lady  Bryan.— Sinking  and  drifting  north  and  Bouth  on 
the  600  level.  The  workings  are  all  looking  well,  showing 
bright,  lively  quartz,  but  of  low  grade. 

Sierra  Nevada.— Sinking  in  the  incline  has  been  very 
much  retarded  of  late  by  the  heavy  influx  of  water,  and 
the  difficulty  experienced  in  keeping  the  pumps  running 
to  their  full  capacity  all  the  time.  The  work  of  enlarging 
and  timbering  the  north  drift,  2200  level,  is  going  rapidly 
forward,  and  less  than  100  ft  remain  to  reach  the  incline. 
The  greater  part  of  this  distance  will  be  run  in  the  ore 
body.  The  pits  and  tanks  in  the  east  shaft  have  been 
completed  and  the  drift  is  being  extended  north  from  the 
2200  station. 

Union  Con.— The  joint  Mexican  winze  from  the  1600 
level  is  being  continued  on  down,  pumps  having  been  put 

Continued  on  page  273. 


270 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[April  26,  1879, 


On  the  Anomalous  Vertical  Distribution 
of  Temperature  in  California. 

Dr.  Blake  read  a  paper  at  a  recent  meeting  of 
the  Academy  of  Sciences  on  "The  Anomalous 
Vertical  Distribution  of  Temperature   in  Cali- 
fornia."     In  order  to  investigate  the  subject 
three  sets  of  stations   were  chosen;  one  on  the 
Sierra,  one  in  the  Tehachapi  mountains  and  one 
in  the  Coast  range.     The  Sierra   stations  were 
Sacramento,  30  feet;  Colfax,  at  an  elevation  of 
2,421  feet,  and  Emigrant  Gap,  5,230  feet  above 
the  sea.     The  stations  in  the   Tehachapi   range 
were  Sumner,  415  feet;  Keene,  2,700  feet,  and 
Tehachapi  3, 954  feet.     In  the  Coast  ranges,  Cal- 
istoga  400  feet  and  Dr.  Blake's  residence  2,100 
feet  above  the  sea.      The   months   selected  for 
comparison  were  Aug.,  1878,  for  the  maximum 
temperatures  and  Dec,  1S7S,  for  the  minimum 
temperatures.        Curves   were   drawn  showing 
the  daily  temperature  of  each  place  in  the  dif- 
ferent sets  of  stations,  the  curves  for  each  place 
being  distinguished   by  different  colors.      All 
these  stations   with   the  exception  of  my  resi- 
dence are  stations  on  the  different  railroads, 
and  it  is  owing  to  the  rational  foresight  of  the 
directors  in  having  meteorological  observations 
made  at  their  different  stations  that  we  possess 
the   means  of  elucidating  this   interesting  sub- 
ject.    At  these   railroad  stations  the  tempera- 
tures at  7  a.  m.,  2  p.  m.  and  9  p.  m.,  with  gen- 
eral observations  on  the  condition  of  the  weath- 
er are  given,  but  a  regular  set  of  meteorological 
observations  kept  at  my  residence  on  the  St. 
Helena  mountain  through  the  last  12  months, 
will  enable  us  to  connect  the  temperature  ano- 
malies we  are  considering  with    other  meteoro- 
logical conditions.     In  a  paper  recently  read  be- 
fore  the    Academy   by   Mr.  B.  B.  Redding,  it 
is  stated  that  "the  foothills  of  the   Sierra  up  to 
a  hight  of  2,500  feet,  have  apparently  the  same 
temperature  as   places  in  the  valley  having  the 
same  latitude."     This  is  true  to  a  great  extent. 
Certainly  it  is  much   nearer  the  truth  than  the 
general  opinion   as  to  the  effect  of  elevation  in 
temperature  would  lead  us  to  suspect.     It  is  a 
well-known  fact  that  on   cold  clear  nights,  low 
situations  are  more  liable  to  be  affected  by  frost, 
but  this   immunity  from   frost  has  been  consid- 
ered to  extend  but  a  few   hundred   feet  above 
the  valleys  and  not   to  some  thousands  of  feet, 
as  we   shall   find   to   be  the  case  in  this  State. 
The  general  opinion  of  meteorologists  is   that 
temperature  diminishes  1°  for  every  300  feet  of 
elevation.      If  we  now   consider  the  tempera- 
ture curves  for  December,  we  shall  find  that  in 
the   Sierra  the  minimum  temperature  of  the 
middle   station  {Colfax,   2431  feet,)  was  higher 
than  that  of  the    lower    station    on  27   days, 
and    at    the    upper    station    (Emigrant    Gap, 
5,230  feet,)  higher    on    18   days  than  that   of 
Sacramento  on  the  same  day.     The  difference 
in  temperature  between  Emigrant  Gap  and  Sac- 
ramento amounting  on  some  days  to  19°,   and 
being  frequently  at  the  upper  station  from   10° 
to  15°  higher.     On  nine  days  during  the  month 
the  minimum  at  Emigrant  Gap  was  higher  than 
at  Colfax.     The  difference  on  one  occasion  being 
11°  in  favor  of  the  higher   station.     Analogous 
relations  of  temperature  were  found  at  the   two 
other  localities.     On  the  Tehachapi   mountains 
the  minimum  temperature  at  Keene  (2,700  feet) 
was  higher  than  that  of  Sumner  on  24  days,  and 
the  highest  station,  Tehachapi  (3,900  feet),  had 
a  higher  minimum  temperature  then  Sumner  on 
11  days.     On  the  St.  Helena  range  the  minimum 
temperature,  at  my  residence,  was   above   that 
of  Calistoga  on  24  days  ;  the   difierence  on  one 
occasion   being  24°    in    favor    of    the  highest 
station.      When    we    consider    a    little   more 
closely  the  above  figures,  we  shall  be  able  to 
judge  what  a  very  extraordinary  distribution  of 
temperature   they  indicate.     According  to  its 
altitude,  Emigrant  Gap  should  have  a  tempera- 
ture 17°  lower  than  Sacramento,    and  yet,    on 
one  occasion,  we  find  it  19°  warmer,    giving  an 
anomaly  of  36°  above  its  calculated  temperature. 
My  residence  is   about  1,700  feet  higher  than 
Calistoga,  and  would    therefore    have  a  tem- 
perature 6°  lower,  but  we  tind  on  some  occasions 
the  higher  station  24°  warmer  than  the  lower; 
an  anomalous  distribution  of  temperature  of  30° 
between  two  places  but  a  short  distance   apart, 
and  with  only  1,700  feet  difference  in   altitude. 
On  examining  the  curves  it  will  be  seen  that 
these  anomalous  temperatures  are  the  result   of 
a  great   fall   in  the  temperature  at  the   lower 
station  and  a   rise   in   the  temperature   at  the 
upper  station.     For  instance,  from  the  2d  to  3d 
of  the  month   there  is  a  fall  in   the   minimum 
temperatures,    at    the     lower    station,    of    5°, 
whilst     at     the    upper    station     there     is      a 
rise  of     5°    (on    the    Coast     range).      On   the 
Sierra  there   was,    at    the   same  dates,    a  fall 
of  4°    at    the      lower     station     and     a      rise 
of  7°  at  Colfax,   and   on   the   Tehachapi  range 
there  was  a  fall  of  4°  at  Sumner  and  a  rise  of  13° 
at  Keene.     In  attempting  to  account  for  this 
abnormal  distribution  of  temperature,  we  may 
obseive  on  examining  the   curves  that  we  find 
two  periods  during  the  month  in   which  they 
either   cross  each  other  or  come  very  close  to- 
gether.    After  diverging   during  the  first  four 
days  of  the  month,  they  begin  to  approach  each 
other  on  the  fifth,  and  on  the   morning  of  the 
sixth    we  find  both  in  the  Sierra  and  at   the 
Coast  range  the  lower  stations  with  the  highest  I 


temperature.  This  change  in  the  distribution 
of  temperature  was  accomplished  by  a  south 
wind  and  a  fall  of  rain.  The  weather  con- 
tinued disturbed  for  the  next  three  days,  with 
rain  again  on  the  ninth.  On  the  tenth  strong 
north  winds  set  in,  and  lasted  until  the  13th. 
Prom  the  13th  to  the  24th  the  atmosphere  was 
calm  or  light  north  winds  prevailed,  and  during 
the  whole  of  this  period  the  upper  stations 
were  warmer.  On  the  24th  the  curves  again 
came  together,  and  on  the  25th  the  lower  sta- 
tions have  the  highest  temperature  in  the  Coast 
range  and  at  the  Tehachapi  mountains,  and  the 
minimum  temperature  is  higher  at  Sacramento 
than  at  Emigrant  Gap,  for  the  first  time  for  11 
days.  This  change  in  temperature  distribution 
was  again  accompanied  by  a  disturbed  state  of 
the  atmosphere,  snow  falling  at  Emigrant  Gap 
on  the  24th.  I  think  in  view  of  these  facts 
the  only  explanation  that  can  be  offered  of  this 
anomalous  distribution  of  temperature  is,  that 
during  a  calm  state  of  the  atmosphere  the 
lower  stratum  of  air  that  has  been  heated  in 
the  valleys  during  the  day  gradually  rises  up 
en  masse,  its  place  being  supplied  by  the  cold 
air  flowing  down  into  the  valleys  over  the  sur- 
face of  the  ground  that  has  been  cooled  by  radi- 
ation during  the  long  winter  nights.  This  can 
only  take  place  when  there  is  a  calm  state  of 
the  atmosphere  and  when  radiation  is  not 
obstructed  by  clouds  or  fogs,  conditions  that 
prevailed  to  a  great  degree  during  December. 
Under  these  circumstances  the  heated  body  of 
air  gradually  ascends,  and  as  our  temperature 
curves  show  can  reach  an  elevation  of  at 
least  5,000  feet,  and  probably  much  higher.  As 
to  the  rate  at  which  this  heated  body  of  air  as- 
cends, farther  observations  must  determine. 
The  loss  of  heat  of  the  ascending  body  of  air  by 
radiation  and  mixing  with  colder  air,  can  be  but 
slight,  as  the  mere  ascent  of  a  body  of  air  from 
the  valley  to  an  elevation  of  5,000  feet  would 
lower  its  temperature  27°,  and  as  the  highest 
temperature  at  Sacramento,  for  instance,  on  the 
1st  of  the  month,  was  only  7°  higher  than  the 
minimum  temperature  at  Emigrant  Gap  on  the 
next  morning,  itis  evident  that  the  higher  temper- 
ature at  the  upper  station  was  not  owing  to  any 
sudden  ascent  of  warmer  air  from  the  valley. 
We  find,  however,  that  at  Colfax,  on  the  1st  of 
the  month,  the  maximum  temperature  was  67°, 
and  as  the  difference  of  level  between  Colfax 
and  Emigrant  Gap  is  about  2,800  feet,  a  body  of 
air,  in  rising  from  Colfax  to  the  upper  station, 
would  have  its  temperature  lowered  14°,  so  that 
at  the  time  it  reached  the  level  of  the  upper 
station  its  temperature  would  be  53°.  The 
temperature  at  Emigrant  Gap,  on  the  morning 
of  the  2d,  was  51°  There  are  other  considera- 
tions which  support  the  view  I  have  taken  as  to 
the  cause  of  the  higher  temperature  of  the  up- 
per stations.  For  instance,  on  calm  nights  we 
often  find  that  the  temperature  at  the  upper 
stations  instead  of  falling  during  the  night  is 
really  higher  at  7  A.  m.  in  the  morning  than  at 
9  p.  m.  on  the  previous  evening.  For  instance, 
taking  the  first  five  days  in  December,  during 
which  the  air  was  calm,  the  average  tempera- 
ture of  the  different  stations  at  9  P.  m.  and  at  7 
A.  iff.,  on  the  next  morning,  were: 

9  P:  M.         7  A.  M.         Difference 

Sacramento 50"  41"  —9* 

Colfax 49  6°  49.8°  +0.2° 

Emigrant  Gap 62"  62°  0° 

If  we  now  compare  the  temperatures  taken  at 
the  same  hours  from  the  11th  to  the  15th,  a 
period  during  which  a  strong  Viorth  wind  was 
blowing,  we  shall  see  the  effect  of  atmospheric 
disturbance  on  the  temperature  at  the  same 
stations: 


Sacramento 46  6° 

Colfax : 3S.8" 

Emigrant  Gap 32.2" 


7  .A  m.  Difference. 
35.4°  —5.2° 

34.6°  —4.2° 

31.6°  —0.6" 


shown  it  is  the  more  elevated  places  that  are  the 
warmer.-  During  our  stormy  weather,  even  in 
midwinter,  the  temperature  never  falls  low 
enough  at  the  elevation  above  given  to  injure 
them.  At  my  residence  most  of  the  orange 
trees  that  were  planted  out  only  last  season  are 
uninjured.  They  certainly  have  suffered  less 
than  at  Los  Angeles,  where  a  temperature  of 
23°  has  been  reported,  whilst  at  my  residence 
the  thermometer  has  not  been  lower  than  29°. 
As  regards  the  curves  for  the  maximum  daily 
temperature  for  August,  it  is  only  at  the  stations 
on  the  main  Sierra  that  we  find  any  anomalous 
distribution  of  temperature.  Both  at  the  Te- 
hachapi stations  and  on  the  Coast  range  we  find 
the  highest  temperatures  at  the  lower  stations. 
The  maximum  temperature  at  Colfax  was  higher 
than  that  at  Sacramento  on  every  day  of  the 
month  except  three,  the  higher  station  being  on 
some  days  12°  warmer  than  the  lower.  On  only 
three  days  during  the  month  was  the  maximum 
temperature  at  Emigrant  Gap  higher  than  at  Sac- 
ramento, and  it  was  never  as  high  as  at  Colfax. 
On  two  of  the  days  on  which  the  maximum 
temperature  at  Emigrant  Gap  was  higher  than 
at  Sacramento,  the  temperature  of  the  upper  air 
had  been  raised  by  an  eruption  of  the  warm 
southwest  antitrade  current,  and  on  the  other 
occasion,  the  temperature  at  Sacramento  had 
been  lowered  by  the  winds  from  the  ocean.  "My 
observations  record  a  strong  southwest  upper 
current  on  the  day  preceding  the  rise  in  the 
upper  strata,  and  there  is  a  record  of  fog  on  St. 
Helena  mountain  at  the  date  in  which  the  tem- 
perature at  Sacramento  fell  below  that  of  Emi- 
grant Gap.  Both  at  the  Tehachapi  and  Coast 
range  stations  the  maximum  temperature  of  the 
lower  stations  was  al  ways  the  highest,  the  average 
difference  between  Sumner  and  Keene  being 
about  10°,and  between  Calistoga  and  my  residence 
about  13°.  On  one  occasion  the  difference  was 
21°.  The  same  explanation  that  I  have  given 
for  the  anomalous  distribution  of  temperature 
during  the  winter  will,  I  think,  explain  the 
higher  temperature  at  Colfax  during  the  sum- 
mer, viz. :  the  ascent  of  a  body  of  heated  air 
from  the  valley.  One  of  the  conditions  of  the 
ascent  of  such  a  body  of  air  is  that  its  place  can 
be  supplied  from  other  sources.  During  the 
long  winter  nights  this  condition  is  secured  by 
the  cold  air  flowing  into  the  valleys  along  the 
surface  of  the  ground  cooled  by  radiation.  In 
summer  no  such  source  of  supply  exists,  at  least 
to  any  great  extent,  as  the  nights  are  short  and 
the  surface  of  the  earth  has  been  heated  during 
the  long  summer  days.  At  the  only  place  where 
the  anomalous  distribution  of  temperature  pre- 
vails during  the  summer  months,  viz.:  in  the 
Sacramento  valley,  we  have  a  supply  of  cool  air 
in  the  winds  from  the  bay  which  reach  there 
every  afternoon,  and  which  continue  as  a  gentle 
breeze  well  ou  into  the  night.  This  gives  the 
warmer  air  of  the  valley  a  chance  to  ascend,  and 
thus  it  is  that  here  we  find  a  higher  tempera- 
ture at  a  greater  altitude.  These  sea  breezes  do 
not  reach  thu  upper  part  of  the  San  Joaquin 
valley,  and  are  but  little  felt  at  Calistoga,  so 
that  at  neither  of  these  places  can  there  be  much 
vertical  displacement  of  the  heated  air  of  the 
valleys.  The  subject  of  the  modification  of 
climate  by  this  vertical  displacement  of  bodies 
of  air  is  one  of  much  interest,  both  in  its  scien- 
tific and  practical  bearings,  and  one  which  has 
not  received  much  attention  from  meteorolo- 
gists. I  hope  on  some  future  occasion  to  be 
able  to  discuss  it  more  fully. 


Tf|E     EwqiMEEE^. 


In  the  first  case  when  the  air  was  calm  the 
fall  at  the  lower  station  during  the  night  was  9°, 
at  the  middle  station  there  was  a  slight  rise, 
and  at  the  upper  station  the  9  P.  M.  and  7  A.  M. 
temperatures  were  the  same;  the  upper  station 
having  the  highest  temperature,  the  middle 
station  being  2.2°  lower,  and  the  lower  station 
11°  colder  than  the  upper.  When,  however, 
the  atmosphere  is  disturbed  the  relative  tem- 
perature of  the  stations  is  completely  reversed. 
We  now  find  the  lowest  temperature  at  the 
highest  station,  and  a  fall  of  temperature  at  all 
the  stations  during  the  night.  The  same  fact 
is  again  illustrated  if  we  compare  the  mean  tem- 
peratures of  the  different  stations  for  the  two 
months,  January  and  December,  1878;  the 
former  a  rainy  and  stormy  month,  the  latter 
calm  and  clear: 

Mean.  Temperature. 

January.  December. 

Sacramento 48.64°  44.86° 

Colfax 44.56"  47.05° 

Emigrant  Gap 34.46°  41.36° 

We  here  find  that,  in  the  calm  month,  the 
mean  temperature  of  Sacramento  is  2°  lower 
than  Colfax,  whilst  in  the  stormy  month  it  is 
4°  higher.  The  difference  of  temperature  be- 
tween the  upper  station  and  Sacramento  is  only 
3.5°  lower  in  December,  whilst  in  January  it  is 
14°  lower.  This  relative  distribution  of  tem- 
perature prevails  in  each  of  the  other  localities. 
It  is  not  quite  so  strongly  marked  on  the  Te- 
hachapi mountain  as  on  the  main  Sierra,  but  is 
greater  between  the  two  stations  on  the  Coast 
range,  and  undoubtedly  will  be  found  to 
prevail  throughout  the  whole  of  the  interior 
of  the  State.  The  fact  is  a  most  important 
one  in  its  relation  to  the  cultivation  of  semi- 
tropical  fruits.  The  only  time  at  which  they 
are  liable  to  be  injured,  at  least  up  to  an 
elevation  of  3,000  feet,  is  during  calm  and  cold  I 
nights,  and  on  such  nights  as  has  been  plainly  > 


The  Hum  of  Telegraph  Wires. — Every  boy 
living  in  the  country  near  a  telegraph  line  has 
listened  to  the  hum  which  can  be  often  heard 
near  a  telegraph  pole.  It  is  a  juvenile  theory 
that  the  noise  is  caused  by  the  passage  of  the 
messages.  The  more  general  notion  has  been 
that  it  was  caused  by  the  wind.  A  writer  in 
an  Australian  journal,  however,  calls  attention 
to  the  fact  that  one  who  will  give  close  obser- 
vation to  both  the  wire  and  the  sounds  will  find 
that  the  latter  make  themselves  obvious  when 
there  is  a  total  absence  of  wind;  and  in  a  quiet 
morning  in  winter,  when  the  wires  appear  to 
be  covered  with  frost  to  the  thickness  of  a 
finger,  they  nevertheless  carry  on  lively  vibra- 
tions while  the  air  is  totally  quiet.  According 
to  this  writer,  therefore,  the  vibrations  are  due 
not  to  the  wind,  but  to  changes  of  atmospheric 
temperature,  cold  producing  a  shortening  of 
the  wires  extending  over  the  whole  length  of 
the  conductor.  A  considerable  amount  of  fric- 
tion is  produced  on  the  supporting  bells,  thus 
inducing  sound  both  in  the  wires  and  the  poles. 


A  New  Range  Finder. 

A  new  instrument  for  measuring  distances  by 
sight  has  been  invented  by  Mr.  G.  W.  Hart,  of 
Croydon.  The  distance  of  any  object  is  ascer- 
tained thereby,  by  reading  off  upon  a  scale 
marked  on  the  base  of  a  right-angled  triangle 
the  number  of  divisions  which  are  equivalent  to 
the  angle  of  two  lines  of  sight  denoted  by  an  in- 
dex scale,  the  two  sides  of  the  triangle  (i.  e.t  the 
perpendicular  and  the  hypothenuse)  being  the 
two  lines  of  sight  to  the  object,  and  the  length 
of  the  base  varying  with  the  distance  of  the 
object  observed  at  the  apex  of  the  triangle.  The 
distance  of  the  same  is  measured  by  the  length 
of  base  required  to  enable  the  perpendicular 
line  of  sight  to  meet  the  object  on  the  oblique 
line.  The  oblique  line  of  sight  in  the  instru- 
ment  is  obtained  along  a  radius-arm,  the  jingle 
of  which  to  the  base  may  be  set  at  pleasure.  The 
part  of  the  instrument  forming  the  other  line  of 
sight  at  right  angles  to  the  base  has  a  sliding 
action  along  the  base  (so  as  to  enable  the  latter 
to  be  lengthened  or  reduced),  but  is  always  at 
right  angles  to  it.  For  the  base  a  space  is 
divided  of  6.282  inches,  thus  allowing  decimal 
readings  of  the  length  of  the  base  to  be  ob- 
tained, (6.282  being  the  proportion  of  circle  cir- 
cumference to  radius).  A  scale  is  provided  by 
means  of  which  the  radius  arm  may  be  set  for 
oblique  line  of  sight  to  the  decimal  of  a  degree. 
The  process  of  reading  off  the  distance  of  an 
object  on  the  instrument  may  be  thus  illustra- 
ted. As  the  chord  of  arc  of  an  angle  is  to  the 
radius  as  1  to  57.35,  then  if  the  radius  arm  be 
57.35  inches,  it  follows  that  for  an  angle  of  one 
degree  it  will  be  one  inch  out  of  perpendicular 
to  the  base.  The  oblique  line  of  sight,  being 
along  the  radius  arm,  will,  therefore,  meet  at 
57.35,  the  perpendicular  line  of  sight  with  one- 
inch  base,  and  the  object  (at  the  apex  of  the 
triangle)  will  be  distant  57.35  inches  from  the 
observer,  i.  e.,  57.35  times  the  length  of  the 
base  line.  The  base  line  being  divided  to  scale, 
the  distance  of  the  object  may  thus  be  read  off. 


Improved  Tramway  Rails. — The   object  of 
the  following  construction  of  rails  for  tramways 
as  designed  by  Mr.  J.  Gowans,    of  Edinburgh, 
is  to  produce  a  continuous  line  of  metallic  tram- 
way, and  to  give  a  steadier  vertical  Bupport  im- 
mediately under  that  part  of  the  table  or  sur- 
face of  the  rail  on  which  the  wheels  of  the  cars 
tread,  by  which  means  a  lighter  and  therefore 
cheaper  rail   may   be  employed  than  hitherto. 
The  rails  are  formed  of  a  vertical  web,    with  a  • 
continuous  flat  foot  projecting  as   a   flaoch  on 
either  side.     The  vertical  web  is  situated  imme- 
diately under  the  top  table  or  flat  wearing  sur- 
face of  the  rails,  and  the  flanch  of  the  foot  near- 
est to  that  surface  is  broader  than   that  at  the 
opposite  side,  in  order  that  a  larger  area  may 
be  exposed  at  that  side  of  the  foot  where  the 
load   principally   presses.     The  flanch   in  both 
cases  is  made  broad  enough  to  constitute  a  foun- 
dation for  the  concrete  or  paving  setts  on    each 
side  of  the  rail.     The  web  of  the  rail  is  equi-'dis-     I 
tant  formed  with  openings,  so  as  to  diminish  the     I 
amount  of  metal,  and  therefore  lighten  it.     The     I 
rails  are  jointed  together  either  by  plates  under    I 
the  feet,  with  bolts  passing  through   them   and     I 
through  the  joint  plates;  or  a  portion  of  the    I 
body  of  the  rail  is  cut  away,  and  the  flanch  foot    I 
of  one  rail  is  made  to  overlap  the  flanch  foot  of    I 
the  next  rail,    with   bolts  passing  through  the     I 
overlapping  portion.     The  rails,  as  above   con-    I 
structed,  may  also  be  jointed  by  overlapping  a    I 
portion  of  their  webs,  bolts  being  passed  through    I 
the  overlapping  portions;  in  this  case  pieces  of  1 
the  ends  of  the  upper  surface  of  the  rail  and  of    I 
the  foot  have  to  be  cut  away. 


"Red  Snow." — The  phenomenon  of  "red 
snow"  is  visible  near  Cardwell's  Summit  hotel. 
This  snow  is  usually  confined  to  Arctic  lati- 
tudes, but  on  the  lofty  summit  south  of  Mount 
Stanford,  there  is  a  patch  of  several  acres,  The 
surface  of  the  vast  drifts,  to  a  depth  of  three  or 
four  inches,  is  of  a  beautiful  pinkish  tint. 
Scientists  differ  aa  to  the  cause  of  this  -wonder- 
ful freak  of  nature,  but  the  accepted  theory  is 
that  it  is  produced  by  myriads  of  minute  organ- 
ism. The  sight  of  the  lofty  peaks  covered  with 
this  "red  snow"  is  well  worth  a  trip  to  the 
Summit. — Truckee  Republican. 


Fro3T  in  a  Mine. — The  Georgetown  Miner 
learns  from  Col.  R.  A.  Pomeroy,  manager  of 
the  Stevens  mine,  that  frost  has  been  encoun- 
tered at  a  depth  of  540  feet  while  sinking  the 
shaft  in  that  mine.  The  ground  is  frozen  to  a 
depth  of  350  feet,  but  below  that  no  frost  has 
been  encountered  until  a  depth  of  450  feet  was 
reached,  where  the  ore,  when  broken,  shows 
frost  and  ice  through  it.  The  mine  is  located 
near  Gray's  peak,  and  is  about  12,000  feet  above 
sea  level. 


War  Application  op  Boyton's  Swimming- 
Suit. — We  learn  that  the  French  army  has 
made  an  ingenious  application  of  Captain  Boy- 
ton's  swimming- suit.  A  squadron  of  Cuiras- 
siers— not  the  men,  but  the  horses — have  been 
provided  with  this  kind  of  clothing.  The 
horses,  thus  equipped,  have  been  able  to  swim 
across  the  river  Seine  with  the  greatest  ease. 
The  double  india-rubber  garment,  after  having 
been  filled  with  air  by  blowing,  is  found  to  be 
capable  of  supporting  in  the  water  a  horse  and 
his  rider.  This  new  means  of  crossing  rivers 
with  ease  and  safety  cannot  fail  to  become  of 
much  importance  in  time  of  war. 


New  York  Elevated  Railway.— The 
business  of  the  elevated  railways  in  New  York 
seems  already  to  have  exceeded  expectation  and 
to  be  steadily  increasing,  week  by  week.  Dur- 
ing the  months  of  January,  February  and  March 
the  N.  Y.  Elevated  road  carried  7,539,476 
passengers,  while  the  Metropolitan  Elevated 
road  carried  3,935,623,  being  a  total  of  11,475,- 
099  for  both  roads.  Taking  the  increased  facili- 
ties for  travel  that  are  being  prepared  by  the 
roads  into  consideration  it  is  believed  that  the 
two  roads  will  carry  over  50,000,000  passengers 
during  the  year.      « 

The  East  River  Bridge. — The  recent  de- 
cision affirming  the  liability  of  New  York  for 
additional  funds  to  secure  the  completion  of  the 
bridge,  is  admitted  to  definitely  settle  the  ques- 
tion of  its  rapid  completion.  It  is  now  reported 
that  work  is  to  be  commenced  on  it  at  once. 
The  President  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  is  re- 
ported to  have  stated  that  the  completion  of 
the  structure  has  been  delayed  a  year  by  the 
New  York  legal  complication  just  disposed  of. 


April  26,  1879.I 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


271 


The  Edison  Electric  Light 

An  apparently  well-informed  New  York  cor- 
respondent of  the  London  Times  aaya  that  Mr. 
Edison  has  failed  in  his  experiments,  so  far  as 
any  really  practical  results  are  concerned.  The 
most  that  ho  has  ever  yet  accomplished  has  been 
to  maintain  400  coiled  iron  wires  in  a  Btato  of 
partial  incandescence  with  a  16  horse-power 
steam-engine.  The  object  of  this  experiment 
was  to  ascertain  the  number  of  coils  which  could 
be  brought  to  a  red  heat  in  any  given  circuit. 
It  is  upon  this  experiment  that  Mr.  Edison 
based  his  claim  that  he  could  maintain  20,000 
lights  burning  from  one  electrical  station  with 
a  600  horsepower  engine.  The  conclusion  was 
a  fallacious  one,  as  Mr.  Edison  now  knows. 
Platinum  must  be  heated  to  2,700"  before  it  at- 
tains the  intensity  of  incandescence  which  is 
required  for  illumination,  and  when  the  metal 
is  as  not  as  that  it  is  just  on  the  verge  of  melt- 
ing- To  prevent  the  lamp  from  melting,  this 
inventor  has  used  a  regulator  consisting  of  a  bar 
metal  through  which  the  current  flowed,  which, 
when  the  current  became  too  strong,  expanded 
and  switched  off  a  part  of  the  current  and  thus 
saved  the  lamp.  In  practice  this  regulator  has 
failed  to  perform  the  service  required  of  it. 
When  the  current  becomes  strong,  the  platinum 
burner  melts  in  the  twinkling  of  an  eye,  and  the 
mischief  is  done  before  the  regulator  can  act. 
The  inventor  believed  that  he  could  overcome 
this  practical  difficulty,  but  he  has  not  suc- 
ceeded. His  lamps  have  continually  melted 
and  he  has  been  unable  to  keep  them  from  doing 
so,  and  the  result  is  that  there  is  great  dis- 
couragement at  Menlo  Park. 

There  has  also  been  encountered,  says  the 
same  correspondent  another  difficulty.  Four- 
teen out  of  the  sixteen  claims  which  Mr.  Edison 
calls  for  in  his  application  for  a  patent  at  Wash- 
ington, have  been  rejected.  This  impulsive  man 
took  up  the  electric  light  last  fall  as  an  entirely 
new  subject  of  experiment,  and  allowed  him- 
self to  believe  that  he  saw  a  way  to  make  the 
light  useful,  which  others  had  never  thought  of; 
but  when  he  reached  the  Patent  Office,  he  dis- 
covered that  very  nearly  every  idea  which  he 
had  embodied  in  his  applications  had  either  been 
covered  by  the  patent  of  other  inventors,  or  was 
not  patentable  at  all. 


Several  stores  and  saloons  on  the  same  street 
have  also  desired  to  be  supplied  with  the  light. 
Arrangements  are  progressing  for  the  lighting 
of  the  -Mechanics'  Pavilion  during  the  next  fair 
there.  The  company  is  experimenting  with  a 
patent  regulator,  with  which  the  light  can  be 
increased  or  diminished  at  will.  They  have 
bought  a  number  of  patents  for  use  on  this 
coast,  but  we  believe  they  are  working  mainly 
upon  the  Jablockhoff  process,  which  was 
brought  into  quite  prominent  notice  at  the  late 
Paris  exhibition.  Although  the  electric  light 
is  yet  far  from  being  a  success,  enough  has  been 
done  to  assure  the  highest  promise  of  an  ulti- 
mate triumph  of  electricity  over  gas. 


Qood   4e/\ltH- 


cup,  made  as  above  described,  of  cheap,  open 
flannel,  at  lOd.  (20  cents)  a  yard,  it  took  ten 
hours  and  ten  minutes  to  dissolve  two  ounces  of 
ice,  whereas  in  a  naked  cup,  under  the  same 
conditions,  all  the  ice  was  gone  in  less  three 
hours." 


This  information  is  ob- 
tained from  the  Patent  Office,  and  is  one  expla- 
nation of  the  discouragement  which  reigns  at 
Menlo  Park. 

There  is  no  doubt  that  the  Edison  light  would 
be  a  delightful  resource  for  the  illumination  of 
dwellings,  if  it  could  be  depended  upon.  It 
floods  a  room  as  though  with  golden  sunlight — 
pure,  brilliant  and  mellow.  But  the  inventor 
has  never  yet  been  able  to  regulate  his  current, 
bo  as  to  keep  his  lamps  burning  for  any  length 
of  time,  and  he  has  never  ventured  on  a  single 
public  exhibition  of  it.  The  public  have  never 
seen  so  much  as  one  of  his  lights  yet.  A  fa- 
vored few  who  have  been  admitted  to  his  labor- 
atory at  Menlo  Park  have  beheld  it — a  single 
lamp,  inclosed  in  a  glass  globe,  beautiful  as  the 
light  of  the  morning  star.  But  he  has  refused 
to  let  any  one  inspect  it  closely,  and  he  has  never 
allowed  the  exhibition  of  it  privately  to  last 
long.  He  has  never  been  able  to  depend  upon 
its  durability.  His  apparatus  is  as  far  from 
perfection  as  it  ever  was,  and  in  fact,  well-in- 
formed electricians  in  New  York  do  not  now 
believe  that  Mr.  Edison  is  even  on  the  right  line 
of  experiment. 

Other  Efforts  at  Electric  Lighting. 
Some  seven  or  eight  other  parties  are  in  the 
field,  more  or  less  prominently;  but  none  have 
as  yet  come  much,  ii  any  nearer  to  any  practical 
result,  than  has  Mr.  Edison.  The  efforts  of  Mr. 
Sawyer  in  the  attempt  to  maintain  a  slender 
crayon  of  carbon  in  incandescence  in  a  sealed 
globe  of  pure  nitrogen,  are  also  far  from  suc- 
cess. The  light  is  beautiful,  and  about  all  that 
can  be  desired;  but  the  difficulties  encountered 
are  very  perplexing.  They  consist  mainly  in  the 
getting  rid  of  every  trace  of  oxygen  within  the 
globes  and  the  rapid  removal  of  the  heat  gener- 
ated therein  by  the  incandescent  carbon.  If  the 
heat  is  not  carried  off  in  somemanner,  the  tempera- 
ture of  the  nitrogen  rises  so  high  that  the  glass 
globe  is  liable  to  crack  in  a  draft  of  air  or  in  cool- 
ing when  the  light  is  extinguished.  The  crack- 
ing of  the  glass  permits  the  oxygen  to  enter, 
and  away  goes  the  carbon  in  10  minutes'  time. 
In  order  to  obviate  this  trouble,  a  coil  of  very 
large  wire,  like  a  spiral  spring,  is  introduced 
within  the  globe,  being  made  to  do  duty  as  part 
of  the  conduit  of  the  electrical  current.  This 
coil  absorbs  the  heat  from  the  nitrogen  atmos- 
phere and  conducts  it  rapidly  to  the  large  iron 
plate  forming  the  base  of  the  lamp,  and  radiates 
it  into  the  open  air.  The  arrangement  promises 
to  answer  very  well,  as  soon  as  the  proper  size 
of  the  globe  and  wire  and  plate  have  been  hit 
upon.  He  has  broken  some  50  globes  in  his 
experiments;  but  has  finally  hit  upon  what  he 
thinks  is  the  correct  proportions.  The  removal 
of  the  oxygen  gives  him  the  greatest  trouble. 
The  carbon  itself  seems  to  carry  sufficient  oxy- 
gen to  work  its  own  destruction  at  a  slow  but 
sure  progress. 

The  Electric  Light  in  San  Francisco. 
A  company  has  been  formed  in  this  city  with 
the  view  of  introducing  the  electric  light  here, 
for  general  use  in  the  streets,  public  buildings, 
and  stores.  The  announcement  has  been  made 
that  the  company  has  already  entered  into  a 
contract  for  lighting  Kearny  street,  from  Clay 
to  Market,  with  four  electric  lights  to  the 
block,  each  light  to  be  of   1,000  candle  power. 


Why  so  Depressing? 

During  the  early  spring  months  it  is  common 
to  hear  persons  speak  of  their  feelings  in  the 
manner  the  London  Lancrt  describes,  as  follows 

"Unwonted  depression  and  uneasiness,  ac 
companied  with  loss  of  appetite  and  inability  to 
sleep,  are  the  prevalent  causes  of  complaint  just 
now  among  the  *  tolerably  well '  section  of  the 
community  ;  and,  with  a  large  measure  of  ac- 
curacy, the  condition,  modified  as  it  is  by  in 
dividual  peculiarities  of  state  and  idiosyncrasies, 
is  attributed  to  the  weather.  The  relations 
which  subsist  between  such  mental  depression 
as  constitutes  melancholia  and  the  defective 
discharge  of  its  functions  by  the  skin  may  help 
to  explain  the  phenomenon.  The  connection  of 
cause  and  effect  may  not  be  clearly  made  out, 
and  the  part  which  the  nerve-centers  play  in 
the  production  of  the  result  may  be  as  obscure 
as  that  which  they  exercise  in  the  control  of 
occasional  pigmentary  deposits  ;  but  the  broad 
fact  remains.  When  the  skin  does  not  act  freely, 
when  its  functions  are  seriously  impeded  or  ar- 
rested, melancholy  broods  over  the  mind,  just 
as  in  the  case  of  a  subject  of  melancholia,  as  a 
formulated  disease,  the  skin  becomes  dense  and 
inactive.  It  is  not  a  random  conjecture,  there- 
fore, that  the  intense  and  prolonged,  albeit  un- 
accustomed and  unexpected,  cold  and  damp 
work  their  depressing  influences  mainly  through 
the  skin.  This  is  a  trite  remark,  but  it  is  one 
that  may,  with  advantage,  be  made  just  now, 
because,  in  the  interests  of  health  preservation, 
especial  pains  need  to  be  taken  to  secure  the 
freest  possible  action  of  the  great  surface 
system  of  excretory  glands  and  the  transud- 
ing apparatus  generally.  Warmer  clothing,  es- 
pecially at  night,  frequent  ablutions,  with 
sufficient  friction,  and  the  promotion  of  skin 
activity  by  every  legitimate  form  of  exercise, 
are  obvious  measures  of  health  which  every- 
body ought  to  understand  and  all  should  prac- 
tice. 


The  Poison  of  Serpents. — Some  interesting 
observations  have  recently  been  made  on  the 
poison  of  serpents  by  M.  Lacerda,  in  the  physi- 
ological laboratory  of  the  National  Museum,  at 
Hio  Janeiro,  and  which  have  led  the  experi- 
menter to  conclude  that,  in  some  cases  at  least, 
the  venom  contains  an  organized  ferment,  pre- 
senting some  analogies  to  bacteria.  M,  Lacerda 
states  that  a  drop  of  poison  removed  from  a 
rattlesnake  under  the  influence  of  chloroform, 
and  examiued  with  the  aid  of  the  microscope, 
appears  as  "a  species  of  filamentous  proto- 
plasmic matter,  consisting  of  a  cellular  aggrega- 
tion disposed  in  arborescent  form  resembling 
certainly  copods."  These  cells  arc  fully  de- 
scribed in  a  paper  read  before  the  French  Acad- 
emy of  Sciences.  Similar  phenomena  were  ob- 
served in  the  blood  of  animals  that  had  been 
bitten  by  a  rattlesnake,  and  it  was  found  that 
such  blood  was  capable  of  setting  up  the  same 
change  in  the  blood  of  other  animals  when  in- 
jected hypodermically,  and  that  this  change 
was  always  followed  by  the  death  of  the  animal. 

Religion  and  Chloroform, — Dr.  B.  W. 
Richardson  lately  gave  a  Sunday  afternoon  lec- 
ture in  London  on  "Anaesthetic  Sleep  and  Tem- 
porary Abolition  of  Pain."  He  remarked  that 
the  credit  of  having  introduced  chloroform  be- 
longed to  the  late  Sir  James  Simpson,  of  Edin- 
burgh. Its  introduction  and  application  were 
objected  to  on  religious  grounds,  some  people 
contending  that  man,  according  to  Scripture, 
Bhould  endure  pain  and  trouble  throughout  life. 
Sir  James  Simpson  threw  the  scriptural  argu- 
ment back  upon  those  who  used  it  by  saying 
that  when  the  first  man  had  an  operation  per- 
formed upon  him  he  was  put  in  a  deep  sleep, 
and  knew  nothing  of  the  time  when  the  rib  was 
taken  from  him. 


A  Recipe  to  be  Miserable. — The  best  recipe 
we  know,  if  you  want  to  be  miserable,  is  to 
think  about  yourself,  how  much  you  have  lost, 
how  much  you  have  not  made,  and  the  poor 
prospect  for  the  future.  A  brave  man,  with  a 
soul  in  him,  gets  out  of  such  pitiful  ruts  and 
laughs  at  discouragements,  rolls  up  his  sleeves, 
whistles  and  sings,  and  makeB  the  best  of  life. 
This  earth  was  never  intended  for  a  paradise, 
and  a  man  who  rises  above  his  discouragements 
and  keeps  his  manhood  will  only  be  the  stronger 
and  better  for  his  adversities.  Many  a  noble 
ship  has  been  Baved  by  throwing  overboard  its 
most  valuable  cargo,  and  many  a  man  is  better 
and  more  humane  after  he  has  lost  his  gold. 


A  Chapter  on  Stings. 

The  pain  caused  by  the  sting  of  a  plant  or 
insect  is  the  result  of  a  certain  amount  of  acid 
poison  injected  into  the  blood.  The  first  thing 
to  be  done  is  to  press  the  tube  of  a  small  key 
from  side  to  side  to  facilitate  the  expulsion  of 
the  sting  and  its  accompanying  poison.  The 
sting,  if  left  in  the  wound,  should  be  carefully 
extracted,  otherwise  it  will  greatly  increase  the 
local  irritation.  The  poison  of  stings  being 
acid,  common  .sense  points  to  the  alkalies  as  the 
proper  means  of  cure.  Among  the  most  easily 
produced  remedies  may  be  mentioned  soft  soap, 
liquor  of  ammonia  (spirits  of  hartshorn),  smell- 
ing salts,  washing  soda,  quick  lime  made  into 
a  paste  with  water,  the  juice  of  an  onion,  to- 
bacco juice,  chewed  tobacco,  bruised  dock 
leaves,  tomato  juice,  wood  ashes,  tobacco  ashes 
and  carbonate  of  soda.  If  the  sting  be  severe, 
rest  and  coolness  should  be  added  to  the  other 
remedies,  more  especially  in  the  case  of  nervous 
subjects.  Nothing  is  so  apt  to  make  the  poison 
so  active  as  heat,  and  nothing  favors  its  activity 
leBS  than  cold.  Let  the  body  be  kept  cool  and 
at  rest,  and  the  activity  of  the  poison  will  be 
reduced  to  a  minimum.  Any  active  exertion 
whereby  the  circulation  is  quickened,  will  in- 
crease both  pain  and  swelling.  If  the  swelling 
be  severe,  the  part  may  be  rubbed  with  sweet 
oil  or  a  drop  or  two  of  laudanum.  Stings  in 
the  eye,  ear,  mouth,  or  throat  sometimes  lead 
to  serious  consequences  ;  in  such  cases  medical 
advice  should  always  be  sought  for  as  soon  as 
possible. — Horticulturist. 

How  to  Keep  Ice  in  the  Sick-Room.  —  For 
those  who  have  an  abundant  supply  of  ice,  this 
may  not  be  a  matter  of  much  moment;  but  for 
poor  people,  who  may  rarely  use  ice  except  in 
sickness,  and  to  whom  the  expense  is  not  insig- 
nificant, the  following  hints  from  an  English 
source  may  be  useful:  "Cut  a  piece  of  flannel 
about  nine  inches  square,  and  secure  it  by  a  lig- 
ature round  the  mouth  of  an  ordinary  tumbler, 
so  as  to  leave  a  cup-shaped  depression  of  flannel 
within  the  tumbler  to  about  half  its  depth.  In 
the  flannel  cup  so  constructed  pieces  of  ice  may 
be  preserved  many  hours;  all  the  longer  if  a 
piece  of  flannel  from  four  to  five  inches  square 
be  used  as  a  loose  cover  to  the  ice-cup.  Cheap 
flannel,  with  comparatively  open  meshes,  is  pref- 
erable, as  the  water  easily  drains  through  it, 
and  the  ice  is  thus  kept  quite  dry.  When  good 
flannel  with  close  texture  is  employed,  a  small 
hole  must  be  made  in  the  bottom  of  the  flannel 
cup-  otherwise  it  holds  the  water  and  facilitates 
the  melting  of  the  ice,  which  is,  nevertheless, 
preserved  much  longer  than  in  the  naked  cup  or 
tumbler.     In   a  tumbler   containing   a  flannel 


OsEpJL   Inform10**- 


Shoemaker's  Wax.— Shoemaker's  wax,  when 
made  for  hand  work,  is  composed  generally  of 
equal  quantities  of  pitch  and  resin,  with  10%  of 
tallow;  after  boiling  (if  good  wax),  it  is  pulled 
until  the  wax  assumes  the  color  of  pale  resin. 
The  pulling  takes  out,  or,  more  properly, 
bleaches,  the  ingredient  pitch,  and  thereby 
takes  out  the  coloring  all  pitch  contains.  Wax 
used  for  machines  has  all  of  it  too  much  pitch 
and  tar  for  clean  work.  The  coloring  matter  in 
pitch  and  tar  comes  up  through  the  grain;  once 
in  it  cannot  be  got  out — and  wax  boiled  or 
heated  again,  unless  in  a  perfectly  clean  vessel, 
and  even  then,  partly  recovers  the  coloring 
bleached  out  by  hand  pulling.  Wax  that  will 
work  up  the  pure  bronze  color  so  much  liked  by 
shoemakers  may  be  made  of  four  pounds  of 
resin,  one  pound  of  pitch,  four  ounces  of  bees- 
wax, three  ounces  of  tallow — the  tallow  to  be 
refined,  otherwise  three  ounces  of  the  best 
sperm  oil.  The  beeswax  seems  to  destroy  the 
coloring  matter  of  the  pitch  when  in  that  pro- 
portion. A  good  resin  wax  is  superior  to  any 
other  composition  for  wear,  because  it  decom- 
poses on  exposure  and  wear  into  a  stony  sub- 
stance in  appearance,  and  looks  not  unlike  pegs 
of  amber  when  put  under  the  microscope.  Wax, 
with  tar  at  all  in  it,  or  much  pitch,  when  heated 
continuously,  becomes  only  a  dirty  discoloring 
matter,  as  the  oil  evaporates,  carrying  with  it 
all  the  valuable  adhesive  or  glutinous  properties 
of  the  pitch,  and  such  wax  will  most  readily 
soil  or  discolor  the  flange  of  the  channel  that  is 
laid  over  it.  The  above  recipe  makes  a  wax 
which  will  give  satisfaction. 


Porosity  of  Building  Stone. — The  Buffalo 
Commercial  gives  the  following  account  of  an 
interesting  experiment  with  building-stone  in 
that  city:  "Professor  Doremus,  of  the  Buffalo 
Medical  CoUege,  recently  performed  a  very  in- 
teresting and  instructive  experiment  before  his 
class.  A  block  of  sandstone,  such  as  is  usually 
employed  for  window  caps  and  sills,  and  about 
12  inches  square  and  four  or  five  inches  thick, 
had  a  panel  one-half  an  inch  deep  in  each  side. 
In  each  panel  was  fitted  a  block,  which  was 
perforated  by  a  piece  of  common  gas-pipe, 
and  this  was  cemented  about  the  edge.  The 
whole  was  them  coated  with  an  impervious  var- 
nish. Air  now  entering  the  pipe  on  either  side 
had  access  to  the  clean  surface  of  the  stone  be- 
neath the  panel,  and  it  was  found  that  if  the 
mouth  be  applied  to  the  protruding  pipe  on  one 
side,  and  a  caudle  be  placed  in  front  of  the  op- 
posite one,  it  could  be  very  readily  blown  out 
by  the  air,  which,  with  very  little  effort,  was 
forced  through  the  stone.  When  a  rubber  tube 
was  connected  with  the  house  gas-pipe  on  one 
side  of  the  stone,  and  a  burner  was  attached  on 
the  opposite  side,  the  simple  pressure  from  the 
gas  maiu  was  sufficient  to  force  the  gas  through 
the  stone  till  it  was  lit  at  the  burner  on  the 
opposite  side.  When  by  any  means  the  pres- 
sure was  increased,  a  very  large  flame  was  thus 
produced.  This  shows  the  permeability  of 
building  stone.  Brick  walls  and  the  plastering 
of  rooms  are  much  more  porous,  and  it  is  read- 
ily seen  that  unglazed  tile,  or  stone,  or  brick 
sewer,  affords  but  little  security  against  the 
escape  of  sewer-gas." 

To  Tan  Lace  Leather  with  Soft  Soap.— 
The  skin  or  pelt  should  be  unhaired  with  lime 
in  the  usual  way,  and,  after  the  hair  is  removed, 
the  pelt  Bhould  be  freed  from  lime  as  much  as 
possible.  This  can  be  done  with  warm  water 
or  the  ordinary  bates.  When  thus  prepared, 
the  pelt  is  immersed  in  soft  soap  and  frequently 
handled,  just  as  in  tan  liquor.  The  soap  Bhould 
be  kept  up  to  the  usual  strength,  otherwise  the 
pelt  will  perish.  Indeed,  there  should  be 
rather  an  excess  of  alkali  over  the  grease  always 
maintained.  The  ordinary  soft  soap  bought  in 
stores  is  not  Btrong  enough;  but  strong  country- 
made  soft  soap  will  tan  or  taw  the  pelt  in  a  few 
days.  After  the  pelt  iB  struck  through,  it 
should  be  scraped  off  and  dried;  when  dry,  or 
nearly  so,  it  should  be  mooned  until  soft.  No 
oil  or  other  finishing  will  be  required.  This 
process  will  make  tough  lace  leather  that  will 
not  become  tender  by  age,  and  it  is  withal  a 
cheap  process.  Its  excellence  has  been  tested 
by  some  of  the  best  manufacturers  in  the  coun- 
try. 

Sal  Soda  for  unhairing  hides  and  skins  is 
used  in  connection  with  lime  and  sulphur.  The 
particular  merit  of  the  soda  lieB  in  the  readiness 
with  which  it  removes  all  grease  from  the 
hides,  but,  used  alone,  its  action  would  be  too 
severe,  and  sulphur  is  employed  to  counteract 
this.  For  a  pack  of  50  hides,  slake  80  pounds 
of  stone  lime,  and  with  the  thick  paste  which 
this  yields  knead  thoroughly  10  pounds  each  of 
soda  ash  and  pulverized  sulphur,  mixing  with 
only  a  small  portion  of  the  lime  at  fir^t,  but 
completing  the  mixture  while  the  lime  is  yet 
warm;  to  this  add  lime  liquor,  mixing  thorough- 
ly, and  then  pour  into  the  vat  and  plunge  the 
whole.  No  more  liquor  should  be  in  the  vat 
than  sufficient  to  cover  the  hides  when  thrown 
in.  The  lime  should  be  kept  up  to  summer 
heat,  and  the  stock  should  be  handled  at  least 
once  or  twice  a  day. 


Steeling  Copper  Plates.— One  hundred 
parts  of  ammonio-ferroua  sulphate  and  50  parts 
of  ammonium  chloride  are  dissolved  in  500  parts 
of  pure  water,  a  few  drops  of  sulphuric  acid 
are  added,  the  liquid  is  maintained  at  60°  to  80°, 
and  the  copper  plate  is  immersed  in  this  liquid, 
and  is  made  the  cathode  of  a  system  of  two  or 
three  Bunsen'a  cells,  the  anode  consisting  of  an 
iron  plate  equal  in  size  to  the  copper.  In  a  few 
minutes  the  copper  plate  becomes  covered  with 
a  hard  steel-like  deposit  of  iron.—  CJiem.  Oentr. 


Dry  Coating  for  Basement  Walls.— Take 
50  pounds  pitch,  30  pounds  resin,  6  pounds 
English  red,  and  12  pounds  brick-dust.  Boil 
these  ingredients  and  mix  them  thoroughly; 
then  add  about  one-fourth  the  volume  of  oil  of 
turpentine,  or  enough  to  flow  easily,  so  that  a 
thin  coating  may  be  laid  on  with  a  whitewash 
or  paint  brush.  Walls  thus  coated  are  proof 
against  dampness.  — jDer  Technikw. 


To  Clean  Marble. — Common  soda,  two 
parts;  pumice  stone  (pulverized),  one;  finely 
powdered  chalk,  one.  Sift  through  a  fine  sieve 
and  mix  with  water.  Rub  all  over  the  marble 
until  the  stains  are  removed.  Then  wash  the 
stone  with  soap  and  water.  Marble  that  is  yel- 
low with  age,  or  covered  with  green  fungoid 
patches,  may  be  rendered  white  by  first  wash- 
ing it  with  a  solution  of  permanganate  of  pot- 
ash of  moderate  strength,  and  while  yet  moist 
with  this  solution,  rubbing  with  a  cloth  satur- 
ated with  oxalic  acid.  As  soon  as  the  portion 
of  the  stone  operated  upon  becomes  white,  it 
should  be  thoroughly  washed  with  pure  water 
to  remove  all  traces  of  the  acid. 

New  Uses  of  Sawdust. — We  have  tried  the 
experiment  in  our  garden  of  mixing  the  rich, 
heavy,  solid,  clayiBh  earth  with  sawdust,  and 
find  it  makes  the  soil  loose,  giving  a  chance  for 
water  and  air  to  penetrate,  preventing  the  hard 
caking  on  the  top,  which  before  was  a  most  ob- 
jectionable fault,  while  the  plantB  and  seeds 
grow  better  than  ever  before.  We  ought  to 
mention  that  we  have  also  added  some  bone- 
dust,  and  moistened  all  with  a  weak  solution  of 
nitrate  of  potash. — Ex. 

Brass  Solder  for  Iron.— Melt  the  plates  of 
brass  between  the  pieces  that  are  to  be  joined. 
When  the  \?ork  is  very  fine  the  parts  to  be 
brazed  should  be  covered  with  powdered  borax, 
melted  with  water,  so  that  it  may  mix  with  the 
brass  powder  which  is  to  be  added  to  it.  Ex- 
pose the  piece  to  a  clear  fire  in  such  a  manner 
that  it  shall  not  touch  the  coals,  and  let  it  re- 
main till  the  brass  begins  to  run. 

Fire-proof  paper  for  valuable  documents  may 
be  made  from  one  part  vegetable  fiber,  two  parts 
asbestos,  one-tenth  of  a  part  borax,  nine-tenths 
of  a  part  alum.  A  fire-proof  ink  for  the  same 
may  be  made  from  850  grains  graphite,  80  grains 
copal  varnish,  75  grains  copperas,  300  grains 
tincture  of  galls  and  indigo  carmine.  —Der 
Ttchniker. 


272 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[April  26,  1879. 


W.  B.  EWER Senior  Editor. 


DEWEY  &  CO.,  Publishers, 
A.  T.  DEWEY.  W.  B.  EWER. 

Office,  202  Sansome  St.,  N.  E.  Comer  Pine  St 


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The  Scientific  Press  Patent  Agency 
DEWEY  &  CO.,  Patent  Solicitors. 


A.  T.  DEWEV. 


W.  B.  EWER. 


Q.  U.  BTRONQ. 


SAN   FRANCISCO: 
Saturday  Morning,  April  26,  1879. 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


EDITORIALS.— Waterproof  Cellars;  An  Unfortunate 
Class  of  Investors;  The  Lick  Observatory;  Extending 
the  Scale  of  Vein  Mining  Operations,  265.  Shasta 
County  Kotss,  269-  The  Week;  The  Mining  Industry, 
Its  Condition  and  Outlook;  Hydraulic  and  Drift  Min- 
ing; The  Edison  Eleciric  Light,  272. 

ILLUSTRATIONS  — T.  New's  Patent  Water-Tiffht 
Cellar,  265.     The  Mono  Volcanoes,  273. 

MECHANICAL  PROGRBSS.-Improvements  in 
Iron  Production;  Hahu's  Iron  Scaffolding;  A  New  Rail- 
road Tie;  Case-Hardening  Iron.  267- 

SCIENTIFIC  PROGRESS— A  New  Instrument 
(or  the  Mineral  Analyst;  Frozen  Dynamite;  A  Jew 
Among  the  Immortals;  Analogy  Between  Animal  and 
Plant  Life;  A  Royal  Commission  on  Coal-Mine  Acci- 
dents; Electricity  and  Rain;  Electrodynamic  Induction; 
Von  Oppolizer's  Planet;  Influence  of  Color  on  Warmth 
of  Soil;  Experiments  on  Production  of  Plants,  267. 

NEWS  IN  BRIEF  on  page  276  and  other  pages. 

MINING  SUMMARY  from  the  various  counties  of 
California,   Nevada,  Arizona  and  Colorado,  269-76- 

MINING  STOCK  MARKET. -Sales  at  the  San 
Francisco.  California  and  Pacific  Stock  Boards,  Notices 
of  Assessments,  Meetings  and  Dividends,  268  . 

METEOROLOGICAL.— On  the  Anomalous  Vertical 
Distribution  of  Temperature  in  California,  270. 

THE  ENGINEER.— A  New  Range  Finder;  Improved 
Tramway  Raiis;  War  Application  of  Boyton's  Swimming 
Suit;  New  York  Elevated  Railway;  The  East  River 
Bridge,  270. 

GOOD  HEALTH.— Why  so  Depressing?  A  Chapter 
on  Stings ;  How  to  Keep  Ice  in  the  Sick-room;  The 
Poison  of  Serpents;  Religion  and  Chloroform;  A  Recipe 
to  bo  Miserable,  271. 

USEFUL  INFORMATION. —Shoemaker's  Wax; 
Steeling  Copper  Plates;  Dry  Coating  for  Basement 
W"lls;  Porosity  of  Building  Stone;  To  Tan  Lace  Leather 
with  Soft  Soap;  Sal  Soda  for  Unhairing  Hides;  To  Clean 
Marble;  New  Uses  of  Sawdust;  Brass  Solder  for  Iron; 
Fire-Proof  Paner,  271. 

MISCELLANEOUS.— Silver  with  the  Gold;  Papago 
Country;  Eureka  Mining  Product;  The  Big  Trees  of 
California;  A  Monster  Locomotive;  The  Bodie  Placers; 
Coal  in  Id-iho;  Water  Consumption;  Arizona  Railroad 
Iron;  Tne  Geology  of  the  Leadville  Carbonates;  Captain 
Boynton's  Rubber  Suit,  268.  The  Hum  of  Telegraph 
Wires;  "Red  Snow;"  Frost  in  a  Mine,  270.  The  Edison 
Electric  Light,  271.  Relation  of  the  Mono  Volcanoes 
to  the  Glacial  Drifts,  273-76. 

Business  Announcements. 

Fine  Gold  Amalgamator,  E.  K.  Stevenot,  S.  F. 

Copper  Apparatus,  C.  C.   Bitner,  Spenceville,  Nevada  Co. 

Union  Brass  Foundry,  Giovanniui  &  Co.  S.  F. 


The  Week. 


The  mining  outlook  on  the  Pacific  coast  still 
continues  unusually  promising.  In  California 
the  operations  are  everywhere  keeping  pace 
with  the  bountiful  facilities  afforded  by  the  sea- 
son. Bodie  shares  continue  to  gain  in  favor  in 
the  stock  market  aDd  the  town  itself  is  crazed 
over  the  richness  of  its  new  placer  diggings. 
Shasta  has  new  finds  in  old  workings,  and  Ama- 
dor prospects  of  rich  new  discoveries.  The 
Monterey  coal  mines  are  being  actively  opened 
up,  and  promise  soon  to  become  profitable.  In 
Nevada,  operations  are  more  quiet.  The  Corn- 
stocks  remain  dull  and  listless,  but  from  the 
outside  districts,  and  especially  the  new  placers, 
came  reports  of  valuable  locations  and  rich  dis- 
coveries. Important  developments  have  been 
male  in  the  Good  H  >pe  district,  and  the  camps 
present  a  very  lively  appearance.  The  Paradise 
mines  speak  solidly  through  their  constant 
bullion  shipments.  In  Colorado  the  condition 
of  things  is  equally  good.  Leadville  contiuues 
to  bo  the  center  of  attraction,  and  their  local 
papers  are  full  of  successful  finds  by  their  pros- 
pectors. Tile  adj  icant  country  seems  almost 
wholly  made  up  of  the  silver  carbonate  ore. 
The  new  diggings  at  Ten  Mile  and  Middlepark, 
however,  are  rapidly  advancing  to  a  position  of 
equality  with  Leadville.  Idaho  is  wide  awake, 
but  suffers  from  inaccessibility  and  lack  of  capi- 
tal. ^  Silver  Rsef,  Utah,  is  operating  more  ex- 
tensively and  producing  more  bullion  than  ever 
before.  New  Mexico  is  interesting  California 
capital.  And  finally  Arizona  sees  interest  settled 
ou  the  Tombstone  district  and  the  southeastern, 
part  of  the  Territory  generally. 


The  Mining  Industry— Its  Condition  and 
Outlook. 

Thus  far  during  the  current  year  the  business 
of  mining  for  the  precious  metals  on  this  coast 
has  been  well  prospered.  We  speak,  of  course, 
of  productive  mining,  the  speculative  branches 
of  the  business  having  suffered  unusual  depres- 
sion. Hardly  ever  have  stock  operations  so 
languished.  The  revealment  of  other  bonanzas 
on  the  Comstock,  now  deemed  imminent,  will 
be  likely,  however,  to  restore  animation  to  the 
mining  share  market.  Whether  or  not  this 
shall  prove  to  be  the  case,  certain  it  is  the 
working  miners  are  pushing  their  labors  with 
unwonted  energy  and  with  every  prospect  that 
they  will  harvest  this  year  a  full  crop  of  bullion. 
Never  since  the  first  pan  of  dirt  was  washed  at 
Sutter's  mill,  has  mining  seemed  to  be  in  a 
more  healthful  and  progressive  condition  than 
at  present.  That  the  investors  and  toilers  in 
this  field  of  industry  are  really  about  entering 
upon  a  season  of  large  and  prolonged  prosperity 
can  hardly  be  questioned.  The  weather  thus 
far  has  been  exceedingly  propitious.  The  rains 
coming  at  regular  intervals  and  in  acceptable 
quantity  have  afforded  water  for  all — the  quartz, 
the  drift  and  the  hydraulic  miner  alike.  There 
has  been  water  enough  for  every  use  without 
damaging  floods.  The  temperature  has,  for  the 
most  part,  been  moderate,  favoring  hydraulic 
washing  and  other  outdoor  work.  A  good  body 
of  snow  has  accumulated  on  the  mountains, 
insuring  to  this  class  of  miners  a  working  sea- 
son of  average  length,  at  least.  As  these  parties 
had  gotten  their  claims  in  good  shape  betimes, 
they  have  been  able  to  make  the  most  out  of 
the  water  since  the  advent  of  the  rains,  wash- 
ing having  gone  on  with  less  interruption  than 
usual.  Already  some  extremely  large  and  many 
satisfactory  clean-ups  have  been  made,  leaving 
little  doubt  but  the  product  of  gold  dust  from 
this  source  will,  the  present  season,  be  large 
beyond  precedent. 

Meantime,  the  Debris  case,  lately  decided 
against  the  miners,  goes  to  a  higher  court  on 
appeal,  the  defendeuts  having  executed  an 
indemnifying  bond  and  proceeded  with  their 
gravel  washing  as  before.  A  party  of  experts 
from  the  office  of  the  State  Surveyor-General 
have  for  some  time  past  been  engaged  on  the 
Yuba  ascertaining  the  quantity  of  this  mining 
debris  that  has  been  and  is  hereafter  likely  to 
be  deposited  in  the  bed  of  that  river  and  the 
effects  thereof,  and  in  collecting  such  other  facts 
as  may  be  useful  in  determining  the  issues  now 
pending  between  the  farmers  and  the  miners. 
After  finishing  their  work  on  the  Yuba  this 
party  will  make  a  like  examination  of  the  tail- 
ings on  Bear  river.  As  this  action  by  the  pub- 
lic authorities  evinces  a  desire  on  their  part  to 
obtain  full  and  reliable  information  on  this  sub- 
ject, it  may  be  expected  that  these  issues  will 
finally  be  settled  in  a  just  and  impartial  manner. 
It  is  not  likely  that  the  miners  will,  in  any 
event,  be  estopped  from  further  operations,  some 
plan  being  hit  upon  by  which  the  land  owners 
win  receive  reparation  for  damage  hereafter 
done  their  property. 

In  consequence  of  the  growing  difficulty  of 
obtaining  a  sufficiency  of  water  for  operating  by 
the  hydraulic  method,  a  decided  impetus  has 
been  given  of  late  to  drift  mining  in  this  State. 
All  along  the  old  channels  shafts  are  being  sunk 
or  tunnels  driven  to  open  up  this  class  of  de- 
posits, a  large  proportion  of  these  works  having 
been  commenced  within  the  past  year  or  two. 
As  it  takes  some  time  to  complete  these  open- 
ings, not  many  of  this  class  of  claims  have  yet 
been  brought  to  a  productive  state.  Of  those 
that  have  been  advanced  to  a  working  point, 
almost  the  whole  are  making  such  satisfactory 
returns  that  we  may  safely  count  on  an  increased 
production  from  this  source  of  50%  or  60%  with- 
in the  next  12  months.  In  this  connection  it 
may  be  observed  that  the  Cranson  elevator  is 
now  being  employed  to  raise  the  gravel  from  the 
old  channels  that  lie  too  deep  to  be  bottomed 
by  tunnelling,  and  sometimes  also  in  cases 
where  the  tunnels  run  have  been  too  high.  The 
old  plan  of  employing  stamps  to  crush  the 
cement,  too  hard  to  be  dissolved  in  water,  is 
also  again  coming  into  vogue,  and  with  some 
chance  of  finally  reaching  a  larger  use  than  ever 
before.  As  we  sometimes  rewash  the  material 
that  has  been  once  and  perhaps  several  times 
washed  before,  so  do  we  occasionally  find  it  ex- 
pedient to  re-employ  methods  that  had  fallen 
into  partial  disuse  or  been  wholly  discarded, 
this  return  to  the  stamp  mill  being  an  example 
in  point. 

Twenty-five  years  ago  river  bed  mining 
was  extensively  engaged  in,  but  afterwards 
came  to  be  almost  wholly  abandoned.  Now  it 
is  again  becoming  popular,  and  it  would  not  be 
surprising  if  it  should  soon  reach  proportions 
never  dreamed  of  by  the  early  miners.  We 
hear  of  preparations  being  made  in  many  parts 
of  the  country  to  dam  the  rivers  aud  by  turning 
their  waters  into  flumes  make  dry  their  beds, 
which  will  then  be  washed  in  sluices  and  made 
to  yield  up  the  gold  they  contain.  While  there 
will  be  quite  a  number  of  these  enterprises  set 
on  foot  in  California  the  coming  summer,  there 
will  probably  be  stiU  more  undertaken  in 
Oregon,  Idaho  and  Montana. 

Some  experiments  were  made  last  year  along 
our  rivers  with  steam  dredges,  none  of  which 
were  attended  with  satisfactory  results.  Fur- 
ther trials  are  to  be  made  with  these  machines 
this  nummer,  the  investors  being  under  the  im- 


pression that  they  can  make  them  a  final  suc- 
cess. 

As  the  gratifying  results  that  have,  in  one 
instance,  been  reached  in  rewashing  the  mining 
debris  on  a  large  scale,  will  be  sure  to  lead  to 
further  efforts  of  that  kind,  we  may  expect  to 
see  large  quantities  of  this  material  in  like  man- 
ner turned  to  good  account  in  a  short  time. 
Millions  of  tons  of  these  rich  tailings  have  made 
lodgment  along  the  various  streams  on  which 
hydraulic  mining  has  been  in  progress  for  the 
past  quarter  of  a  century,  and  yet  only  last 
fall,  in  Indian  canyon,  Placer  county,  was  the 
first  well-plannedeffortmade  to  utilize  them  on  an 
extensive  scale.  As  above  intimated,  this  effort 
having  turned  out  well,  these  gold-bearing 
slums  will,  no  doubt,  be  attacked  elsewhere, 
and  instead  of  lying  as  heretofore  a  dead  waste, 
threatening  even  in  some  instances  to  block 
up  the  outlet  to  the  mines,  be  converted  into 
bullion-producing  factors  and  sources  of  profit. 
The  plan  of  driving  tunnels  under  these  masses 
of  tailings,  for  the  purpose  of  extracting  the 
deposits  of  rich  gravel  they  are  supposed  to 
overlie,  has  not  yet  been  sufiiciently  tested  to 
determine  its  *  utility,  none  of  these  tunnels 
having  yet  reached  their  objective  point.  Of 
their  ultimate  success,  however,  the  parties 
driving  them  are  very  sanguine. 

Aside  from  these  schemes  and  devices  for  ex- 
ploring and  reworking  the  old  placers,  some 
new  deposits  of  this  kind  are  constantly  being 
brought  to  light.  The  most  recent  of  these 
discoveries  are  the  diggings  fouud  in  the  town 
of  Bodie,  where  a  considerable  area  of  aurifer- 
ous gravel  has  within  the  past  month  been  found 
and  which,  if  only  there  were  water  at  hand, 
might  be  deemed  a  matter  of  moment.  As  it 
quite  a  number  of  men  have  made  fair 
wages  washing  the  dirt  with  the  limited  facil- 
ities within  reach.  The  Snake  River  mines, 
though  not  likely  to  pay  as  largely  as  at  one 
time  expected,  will  still  afford  remunerative 
employment  for  several  thousand  men.  The 
shallow  placers  rpcently  struck  in  San  Luis 
Obispo  county  and  the  beach  deposits  of  Santa 
Cruz,  afford  employment  to  a  not  over  thrifty 
class  of  miners,  who  would  rather  earn  a  dollar 
a  day  at  gold  washing  than  two  dollars  at  any- 
thing else.  Of  the  condition  and  prospects  of 
vein  mining  throughout  our  Pacific  States  and 
Territories  we  shall  speak  more  at  length  in  our 
next  issue. 


Hydraulic  and  Drift  Mining. 

The  only  branches  of  placer  mining  in  Cali- 
fornia that  are  now  making,  or  that  are  hereaf- 
ter likely  to  make  any  very  large  production,  are 
the  hydraulic  and  the  drift.  While  the  class 
of  gold-bearing  deposits  to  which  these  methods 
of  operating  are  respectively  adapted  continue 
to  be  very  extensive,  hydraulic  washing  will 
soon  have  reached  its  limit  of  greatest  expan- 
sion by  reason  of  the  entire  appropriation  of  all 
the  water  obtainable  for  that  purpose.  Already 
every  lake  and  stream  within  easy  reach  has 
been  secured  and  utilized  by  the  various  com- 
panies now  in  the  field  and  actively  engaged  in 
this  branch  of  the  business.  Only  a  few  sources 
of  water  supply  remain  to  be  availed  of,  the 
most  of  these  being  inconsiderable  in  extent, 
and  difficult  to  command.  With  the  exception 
of  Lake  Tahoe  and  the  Blue  lakes,  the  latter 
lying  near  the  summit  and  the  former  wholly 
beyond  the  main  range  of  the  Sierra  Nevada, 
there  remain  no  where  any  large  streams  or 
bodies  of  water  that  have  not  been  taken  up  and 
in  most  cases  already  drawn  upon  by  these  com- 
panies.  As  the  introduction  of  water  from 
Lake  Tahoe  into  the  mines  lying  on  the  westerly 
slope  of  these  mountains  necessitates  the  con- 
struction of  a  long  and  costly  tunnel,  some  time 
must  elapse  before  any  water  can  be  obtained 
from  that  source;  onlv  by  an  increment  of  stor- 
age capacity  to  be  effected  through  an  enlarg- 
ment  of  the  old,  or  the  construction  of  new  res- 
ervoirs, can  these  companies  much  augment 
their  present  water  supply.  For  increasing  the 
latter  by  the  above  means  the  facilities  are  in 
some  instances  excellent,  while  in  others  they 
are  of  a  very  limited  kind. 

Nearly  all  the  self-supplying  companies  oper- 
ating along  the  more  central  portions  of  the 
main  gold  belt  wiU  be  able  to  increase  their  wa- 
ter storage  from  20%  to  60%  by  raising 
the  dams  at  the  outlets  of  their  present 
reservoirs,  as  they  contemplate  doing,  or  by 
building  new  reservoirs  on  sites  already  secured 
for  the  purpose.  This  is  the  condition  of  things 
in  the  tier  of  counties  extending  from  Mariposa 
to  Plumas.  When  this  work  of  enlarging  old 
and  building  new  reservoirs  is  accomplished,  as, 
it  probably  will  be  in  the  course  of  a  few  years, 
then  this  class  of  hydraulic  mines  will  have 
reached  their  maximum  of  gravel  washing, 
though  not  necessarily  of  bullion  production, 
as  the  deeper  they  go  the  better  the  ground  is 
apt  to  pay.  Further  north  in  Trinity  and  Sis- 
kiyou counties,  while  all  the  water  readily  avail- 
able has  in  like  manner  been  taken  up  for  min- 
ing purposes,  no  provision  has  as  yet  been  made 
or  required  for  storing  the  same,  the  most  of  it 
having,  in  fact,  thus  far  been  suffered  to  run  to 
waste;  and  this,  not  because  there  is  in  that 
section  of  the  State  any  scarcity  of  ground  on 
which  it  could  be  employed  to  advantage.  On 
the  contrary  these  counties  contain  immense 
deposits  of  rich  gravel,  the  most  of  it  so  favor- 
ably situated  that  it  can  be  handled  readily  and 
with  decided  profit. 
^  In  the  northern  part  and  about  the  middle  of 


Trinity  county  rises  a  group  of  tall  mountains, 
their  crests  reaching  an  elevation  of  11,000  feet 
and  holding  heavy  bodies  of  snow  the  year 
round.  Circling  about  these  mountains  and 
skirting  them  on  three  sides  is  the  Trinity 
river,  a  large  stream  kept  well  replenished  by 
numerous   confluents  from  these   central  snowy 

Eeaks.  This  liver  traverses  the  principal  gold- 
earing  belt  of  this  region,  which,  coming  in 
from  the  northeast  Bweeps  in  like  manner  around 
these  mountains,  passing  on  towards  the  north- 
west; the  whole  forming  a  finely  blended  and 
perfect  system  of  water  supply,  distribution  and 
auriferous  gravel,  such  as  exists  hardly  any- 
where else  in  the  State.  Some  of  the  feeders  of 
the  Trinity,  such  as  Stewart's  fork,  the  North 
fork  and  French  creek,  carry  large  volumes  of 
water,  the  whole  of  which  can,  by  means  of 
short  canals,  be  delivered  on  the  adjacent  gravel 
banks  under  heads  varying  from  200  to  600  feet. 
Along  Stewart's  fork  quite  up  in  the  moun- 
tains occurs  a  series  of  natural  meadows,  which 
at  little  expense  could  be  converted  into  capa- 
cious reservoirs,  greatly  prolonging  the  working  ' 
season  on  Buckeye  ridge,  Brown's  mountain 
and  other  rich  and  extensive  gravel  deposits 
commanded  by  that  stream.  Further  north  in 
Siskiyou  county  there  exist  like  opportunities 
for  enlarging  the  water  supply,  much  water 
there,  as  in  Trinity,  being  suffered  to  run  to 
waste. 

But,  as  befope  remarked,  along  the  mineral 
range  to  the  south,  these  resources  have  been 
so  nearly  utilized,  that  we  are  able  here  to  see 
about  the  limit  of  hydraulic  mining's  greatest 
expansion,  leaving  to  those  who  would  engage 
in  placer  operations  only  the  choice  of  buying 
hydraulic  properties  already  equipped  and  sup- 
plied with  water,  of  embarking  in  the  business 
in  these  more  northern  counties  or  else  iu  turn- 
ing their  attention  to  the  drift  diggings,  which, 
less  monopolized  and  less  developed,  present  in 
many  parts  of  the  State  good  openings  for  invest- 
ment. Wherever  there  are  hydraulic  mines 
there  also  will  be  fouud  drift  diggings,  the  latter 
consisting  of  that  class  of  deposits  which,  on  ac- 
count of  the  great  quantity  of  superinoumbent 
barren  matter  or  for  other  reasons,  cannot  be 
advantageously  worked  by  the  hydraulic  pro- 
cess. 

For  a  long  time  drift  mining,  because  of  the 
many  failures  that  attend  it,  was  accounted  a 
specially  hazardous  business.  But  of  late  years 
this  has  so  far  changed  that  it  has  come  to  be 
considered  quite  as  safe  as  any  other  branch  of 
mining,  while  it  presents  some  advantages 
peculiar  to  itself.  In  the  first  place,  it  can  be 
carried  on  with  but  little  water  and  without 
regard  to  outlet  or  head,  and  can,  therefore,  be 
prosecuted  with  success  where  hydraulic  wash- 
ing would  be  impracticable.  For  plant  but 
little  outlay  is  required,  giving  it  a  preference 
with  parties  of  small  means  over  vein  mining. 
Once  the  drift  miner  has  reached  his  stratum  of 
pay  gravel  it  is  an  easy  matter  to  keep  it  tiU 
worked  out,  and  where  it  lies,  as  it  usually  does, 
in  one  of  the  ancient  river  channels,  it  is  apt  to 
hold  for  a  long  distance 

Two  means  are  adopted  for  opening  and  work- 
ing this  class  of  deposits,  one  by  shafts  and  the 
other  by  tunnels,  according  as  conditions  re- 
quire. In  adopting  the  latter  method  many 
mistakes  were  at  first  committed,  the  tunnels 
being  usually  driven  on  too  high  levels.  Latterly 
these  mistakes  have  been  less  frequent,  have,  in 
fact,  been  of  rare  occurrence,  adding  much  to 
the  success  of  this  class  of  operations,  a  good 
many  of  which  have  recently  been  set  on  foot. 
As  this  branch  of  placer  mining,  by  reason  of  its 
improved  outlook,  is  beginning  to  attract  more 
attention  than  in  times  past,  we  will  in  our  next 
issue  speak  of  several  of  the  more  prominent 
companies  now  engaged  in  it,  some  of  whom 
have  been  a  number  of  years  at  work,  while 
others  have  but  recently  entered  the  field. 


The  Edison  Electric  Light. — Since  our 
outside  went  to  press  with  the  article  under  the 
above  heading,  the  following  paragraph  from  a 
New  York  paper  has  come  under  our  notice, 
which  we  give  in  justice  to  Mr  Edison:  In 
reply  to  the  letter  sent  from  this  city  to  the 
London  Times,  stating  that  Edison's  electric 
light  was  known  to  be  a  failure,  Prof.  Edison 
says  the  letter  is  a  mass  of  misstatements,  evi- 
dently made  up  in  the  interest  of  gas  men.  He 
showed  in  detail  how  thoroughly  incorrect  were 
the  points  made  in  the  letter,  and  declared  that 
his  electric  light  is  a  complete  success,  and  can 
be  furnished  at  one-third  the  cost  of  gas.  He 
expects  to  make  the  whole  thing  public  within 
two  months.  He  will  burn  500  lights  at  Menlo 
Park  until  the  stockholders  are  perfectly  satis- 
fied. The  delay  had  been  the  want  of  a  per- 
fect generator  of  electricity,  and  this  Prof.  Edi- 
son has  himself  added  to  bis  inventions.  It  has 
been  supposed  that  the  lamps  themselves  would 
be  very  expensive.  They  are  simply  a  sroaU 
coil  of  platinum  wire  placed  in  a  glass  bulb, 
Prof.  Edison  says  they  will  cost,  bulb,  plati- 
num, and  all,  not  more  than  $1.50  apiece.  He  is 
making  his  own  bulbs,  having  picked  up  the 
art  from  a  perambulating  glassblower. 


A  young  man  named  Rogers,  recently  from 
the  East,  while  prospecting  in  Mud  Springs 
township,  El  Dorado  county,  struck  a  pocket, 
from  which  he  took  out  over  §500  one  day  last 
week. 


It  is  proposed  to  abolish  capital  punishment 
and  utilize  murderers  as  a  dispensatory  for  the 
aflSicted,  using  them  up  gradually  in  skin 
grafting  and  similar  operations. 


April  26,  1879.J 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


273 


Relation  of  the  Mono  Volcanoes  to  the 
Glacial  Drift. 

Extinct  Votcinoc'3  about   Like  M  >no  and  their 
EtoUilou  to  the  OltelsJ  Drift:  t  Ptpor  rvad  baton  Iht 

.1   Becil (  th«  California  Academy  ol  Si 

eucn  b.v  1'hok.  Johkmi  LkCoxts.) 

Iq  1870  and  again  in    1872,  in  company  with 
a  party  of  student*  and  graduates  of  the  Uni- 
versity of   California,  I    vuitcd  the    Mono  re* 
gion.     But   on    both    occasions   my    attention 
being  specially  directed  to  the  Btudy  of  the  an- 
cient glaciers,  I  examined  the  volcanoes  only 
somewhat  cursorily.      In   lS7-r»,   with  a  similar 
party,  I  again  visited  the  same  region,  and  this 
time  remained  longer  and  examined  more  care- 
fully, though  on  account  of  an  unfortunate  acci- 
dent not  so  long  or  so  fully  as  1  desired.     I 
have  put  off  from  year   to  year  the  publication 
of  the  results  of  my  observations,  in  the  hope  of 
again    visiting    tho    region  and   settling    some 
doubtful   points  which  still    remained.     There 
teems  now,   hojvover,   little  likelihood    that  I 
shall  ever  be  able  to  carry  out  my  intention,  for 
other  questions  of  still  greater  interest  have  in 
the  meantime    engaged   my  attention.     I  will 
therefore  no  longer  withhold  my  imperfect  ob- 
servations, hoping  that   they  will  be   corrected 
and  extended  by  others. 
General  Description  of  the  Regrion— Eastern 
Slope  of  the  Sierras. 
As   already   explained    in   previous   papers,* 
the  general  form  of  the  Sierra  ia  that  of  a  great 
wave  ready  to  break   on  its   eastern  side.     It 
rises  from  the  San   Joaquin  plains   by  a  gentle 
Blope  which  extends  50  or  GO  miles,  reaches  a 
creat  13,000  feet  high,  then   plunges  downward 
by  a  Blope  eo  steep  that  it   reaches  the  plains  of 
Mono  6,000  feet  above  Bea  level,  in  five  or  six 
miles.     In  glacial   times  long,  complicated  gla- 
ciers with  many  tributaries   occupied  the  west- 
ern slope,    while    on    the    east   comparatively 
short,  simple  glaciers  came  down    in  parallel 
streams  and  ran  far  out  on    the  level  plains  and 
into  the  swollen|waters  of  Lake  Mono;   which, 
then  near  700   feet  above   its  present  level  and 
far  beyond  its  present  limits,   washed  against 
the  base  of  the   Sierra  itself.     There  can  be  no 
doubt  that  these  glaciers  formed  icebergs  which 
floated   on  the  surface  of  the   great  inland  sea 
and  dropped  debris  over  its  bottom. 
The  Plains. 
Surrounding  Lake  Mono  and  sloping  imper- 
ceptibly to  its  surface,  is  a  nearly  level  desert 
plain  covered  with  volcanic  sand  interspersed 
with  fragments   of   pumice   and   obsidian,  aud 
overgrown  with  sage-brush   (Artemisia  triden- 
lata).     It  is  undoubtedly  au  old  lake  bottom, 
subsequently  covered  with  volcanic  ashes.     The 
dreary  prospect  of  this  desert  is  relieved  by  the 
magnificent  irregular  Sierra-wall  trenched  with 
deep  canyons;    by  long  parallel  moraine  ridges 
stretching  like  arms   from    the  mouth  of  each 
canyon,  five  or  six  miles  out  on  the  level  plains, 
and  bounding  the  pathways  of  ancient  glaciers; 
by  a  fine   cluster  of  recently   extinct   volcanic 
cones  15  to  20  in  number  aud  very  perfect  in 
shape;  and  iiually,  by  the  bright  waters  of  the 
lake  studded  with  picturesque  islands. 
Moraines. 
Some  of  the  parallel  moraines  which  form  so 
conspicuous  a  feature  of  the   scene,  especially 
those    of   Bloody   canyon,  I  have   already    de- 
Bcribedt.      From  the  top  of  any  of  the  higher 
volcanic  cones  many  others  may  be  seen  stretch- 
ing  out   upon    the     plains.       These     moraines 
ridges  average  300  to  400  feet  in  hight,  and  five 
to  Bix  miles  in  length,  but  some  of  them,  espe- 
cially those  at  the  head  of  Rush  creek  are  much 
higher.     The  view  of  glacial  moraines  here  pre- 
sented is  incomparably   the  finest  I  have  ever 
seen. 

Lake- 
Lake  Mono  is  a  fine  sheet,  14x10  miles  in  ex- 
tent. There  being  no  outlet,  the  waters  are  of 
course  saline.  It  ia  essentially  a  strong  solu- 
tion of  sodium  carbonate,  with  smaller  propor- 
tions of  lime  carbonate,  common  salt  and  borax. 
To  the  taste  it  is  simply  a  concentrated  solution 
of  carbonate  of  soda.  While  camping  on  ita 
margin  we  found  ita  powerful  detergent  prop- 
erty very  useful  in  clothes -washing.  The  min- 
eral contents  are  probably  partly  the  concen- 
trated teachings  from  the  volcanic  rocks  which 
cover  the  whole  plain — the  alkaline  silicates  of 
these  rocks  being  changed  into  alkaline  carbon- 
ates by  carbonic  acid  of  the  air — and  partly 
contributed  by  Bpriugs  which  issue  in  many 
places  from  the  bottom  and  around  the  margins 
of  the  lake,  and  were  probably  more  numerous 
and  active  in  former  times.  In  any  case  the 
lake  waters  are  now  but  the  concentrated  resi- 
dues of  a  much  larger  body  of  water,  as  plainly 
shown  by  the  terraces  to  be  preaently  described. 
During  the  proceaa  of  concentration  the  less  sol- 
uble lime-carbonate  has  been  deposited  in 
Btrange  irregular  masses  of  calcareous  tufa. 
These  curious  fungoid  and  coralloid  masses, 
Borne  of  them  six  to  ten  feet  in  hight,  stand  up 
thickly  on  the  level  shores,  aud  in  the  shallow 
marginal  waters  of  the  lake.  At  a  distance 
they  look  like  the  half  submerged  stumps  of  a 
forest  of  gigantic  trees.  This  carbonate  of  lime 
deposit  is  evidently  identical  with  the  thinolite 
deposits  described  by  KingJ  as  occurring  in 
such   immense  quantities    about    the    residual 

*  American  Journal,  Series  III.,  Vol.  V.,  p.  325,  1873. 
Vol.  X.,  p.  126.  1875.     Vol.  XVI.,  p.  95,  1878. 
\  American  Journal.  IV.,  p.  325. 
{Geological  Exploration  ol  lOtli  parallel  Vol.,  L,  p.  503. 


lakes  of  the  Nevada  basin  farther  north,  and 
which  as  ha  shows  is  a  pseud  oraorph  of  carbo- 
nate of  lime  after  gaylussite.  Tho  condition 
under  which  the  deposits  took  place  about 
Mono  are  probably,  however,  slightly  different 
from  those  in  Nevada,  and  I  believe  throw 
much  light  on  the  general  question  of  thinolite 
deposits.  It  deserve  careful  atudy  and  we 
hope  to  take  it  up  in  a  l&DBequent  paper.  Far- 
ther east,  near  Columbus,  Nevada,  in  tho  ro- 
ginu  of  the  dried-up  lakes  left  at  the  extreme 
southern  extension  of  King 'a  ancient  Lake  La- 
hontant  occur  remarkable  deposits  of  ulexite 
(soda  lime  borate)  which  also  deserves  separate 
atudy. 

Terraces- 
I  have  already  mentioned  the  terraces  about 
Lake  Mono.  Several  of  these  are  very  distinct, 
and  traceable  all  around  the  lake,  but  they  are 
seen  in  greatest  number  aud  most  distinctly  on 
the  west  side  where  the  lake  approaches  the 
Sierra  and  the  hills  rise  abruptly  from  the  lake- 
level.  Five  or  six  may  bo  counted,  rising  one 
above  tho  other  like  level  beaches,  the  highest 
being,  according  to  Whitney,  080  feet  high. 
These  terraces  are  undoubtedly  the  marks  of 
old  lako  levels,  aud  show  not  only  a  former 
greater  depth,  but  also  a  much  greater  extent 
of  the  lake  water.  The  highest  level  traced 
about  the  lake  would  reach  the  moraines  at  the 
foot  of  the  Sierra,  extend  beyond  the  plains  on 
every  aide,  and  enclose  an  area  many  times 
greater  that  the  present  lake  area.  There  can 
be  no  doubt,  therefore,  that  the  great  glaciers 


group  of  volcanic  cones  situated  on  the  level 
plain  to  the  south  of  the  lake.  These  are  20  or 
30  in  number,  extending  in  a  line,  from 
near  the  margin  of  the  lake,  to  a  distance  of  10 
or  Lo  mile-*,  and  wiry  in  hight  from  200  to 
2,700  feet  above  the  plain.  Partly  from  tho 
recency  of  their  extinction  and  partly  from 
small  rainfall  of  the  region,  they  are,  Borne  of 
them,  as  perfect  in  form  as  if  they  were  still 
active.  A  good  general  view  of  these  is  given 
by  Whitney  in  his  account  of  this  region.  The 
typieal  form  of  the  more  perfect  ia  shown  in 
Fig.  1,  which,  ihough  intended  only  as  a  dia- 
gram,  is  yet  a  tolerably  correct  outlino  of  the 
highest  and  most  perfect.  The  upper  part,  n,  is  a 
light- colored  pumiceous  lava,  and  the  lower  part, 
6,  is  covered  with  sand  of  the  same. 

In  many  cases  I  observed  a  very  perfect  cone- 
and-ramnart  structure,  mich  aa  is  known  to  bo 
produced  by  great  eruptions  followed  by  smaller 
ones;  or,  perhaps,  in  some  casea  by  au  engulf- 
inentof  the  crater  into  the  base  of  the  cone. 
The  moat  perfect  example  of  this  kind  is  found 
in  a  small  and  easily  accessible  cone  not  far  from 
the  lake.  Fig.  2  is  an  ideal  section  and  half 
perspective  view  of  this  cone.  It  consists  of  a 
low  sand  cone  about  200  feet  high  with  a  per- 
fect circular  crater  U  or  2  miles  iu  circumfer- 
ence, from  the  center  of  which  rises  a  trachytic 
cone  and  crater  of  much  smaller  dimensions  to 
about  the  same  hight.  From  the  shattered 
condition  of  the  inner  cone  Mr.  Muir  suggested 
to  me  the  possibility  of  the  engulfment  of  the 
I  upper  rocky  portion  into  the  lower   sandy   por- 


Fig.  S' 


of  that   time   ran   into    the  lake  and  formed 
icebergs. 

Islands. 
Near  the  center  of  the  lake  there  is  a  group 
of  volcanic  islands  in  direct  line  with  the 
group  of  volcanic  cones  on  the  plaiua  to  the 
south,  and  doubtless  a  continuation  of  the  Bame 
line  of  volcanic  activity.  The  largest  of  these 
islands  is  about  two  and  a  half  miles  long,  a 
mile  wide  and  about  300  feet  high.  It  is  com- 
posed maiuly  of  extremely  fine  whitish  material 
beautifully  and  very  finely  laminated,  the  dif- 
ferently colored  lasnTtnce  being  very  distinct  and 
scarcely  thicker  than  a  card  board.  This  ma- 
terial is  spoken  of  by  Whitney*  as  volcanic 
ashes.  Under  the  microscope  it  proves  to  be 
composed  wholly  of  diatom  shells  with  only  an 
occasional  grain  of  sharp  sand.  There  ia  no 
doubt,  therefore,  that  it  was  deposited  very 
slowly  in  calm  waters  in  the  middle  of  the  lake 
and  beyond  the  reach  of  detritus.  The  strati- 
fication ia  mostly  horizontal.  Only  in  two  or 
three  places  where  the  deeper  strata  are  exposed 
on  the  cliffs  by  the  action  of  waves,  I  observed 
a  alight  dip,  and  in  one  place  a  gontle  but  dis- 
tinct anti-clhnev  showing  a  quiet  upheaval  of  the 
whole  mass,  as  I  think,  by  volcanic  forces.  In 
the  highest  parts  of  the  island  the  soft  hori- 
zontally laminated  earth  ia  sculptured  by  erosion 
into  sharp  pinnaclea  and  turreta,  like  bad  land 
structure  on  a  small  acale.  On  the  eastern  por- 
tion of  the  island  a  considerable  area  of  black 
basaltic  rock  'is  exposed,  but  this  ia  no  where 
more  than  50  feet  high.  Where  the  diatomace- 
ous  earth  comes  in  contact  with  the  basalt,  the 
former  always;  overlies  the  latter  in  undisturbed 
horizontal  la-pers.  I  conclude,  therefore,  that 
the  basalt  preceded  the   formation  of  the   dia- 

Fig.  1. 


tion  of  a  once  much  higher  cone.  But  in  many 
other  caseB  observed  this  explanation  is  evidently 
untenable;  for  in  some  cases  we  found  several 
small  cones  surrounded  by  one  rampart.  Such 
could  only  be  found  by  successive  eruptions. 

The  material  erupted  by  these  volcanoes  are, 
in  some  caaes,  basalt,  but  by  far  the  largest 
amount  consists  of  feldspathic  slags,  pumice  and 
pumiceous  sands  and  ashes.  The  whole  plains 
of  Mono  are  covered  to  a  depth  of  many  feet 
with  a  nearly  white  volcanic  sand  mingled  with 
fragments  of  pumice  and  obsidian. 

Age  of  the  Mono  Volcanoes. 

There  is  abundant  evidence  that  these  vol- 
canoes have  been  active,  and,  therefore,  that 
they  asBumed  their  present  forms  since  the 
epoch  of  great  separate  glaciers  in  this  region 
(Champlain).  Whether  they  also  existed  and 
erupted  previously,  ia  perhaps  doubtful,  though 

Fig.  3. 


fl  *"*"  *~v 

'■~T\                          :               I                                     :':'l 

t  m     — 

=^=r— — = — 1>            a 

■m 

ilfi^Pfv 

framaceous  mud,  was  once  entirely  covered  by 
the  latter  and  was  subsequently  exposed  by 
lerOBion.  .  . 

Steam  and  boiling  water  issue  in  many  places 
in  this  rocky  portion  of  the  island  and  in  the 
shallow  water  in  the  vicinity.  I  observed,  also, 
in  the  earthy  portion  crater-like  depressions 
containing  a  little  saline  water,  which  were 
probably  produced  by  similar  fumarole  action 
now  extinct.  According  to  Whitney  (p.  453), 
two  distinct  true  craters  occur  in  the  basalt  on 
the  northeast  portion  of  the  island,  but  these  1 
did  not  see.  \  _    ,. , 

The  other,  and  much  smaller  islands,  1  did 
not  have  time  to  visit,  but  according  to  Whit- 
ney they  are  wholly  basaltic,  and  the  largest  of 
them  is  300  feet  high  and  is  a  well-defined  vol- 
ccanic  cone.  .       _         .      , 

The  general  conclusion  at  which  i  arrived 
from  my  examination  of  the  largest  island,  was 
that  the  basaltic  portion  was  first  formed  at  the 
bottom  of  the  lake,  or  else  subsequently  sub- 
merged.; then  the  diatomaceous  mud  was  de- 
posited covering  it  up  completely;  then  the  nne 
mud  bottom  was  raised  into  an  anti-clme  and 
exposed  as  an  island  by  the  fall  of  the  lake 
level;  and  finally  erosion  sculptured  the  whole, 
and  in  part  exposed  the  underlying  basalt.  . 
Volcanoes  on  tne  Plain. 

We  have  already  alluded  to  a  conspicuous 
>     "geological  Survey  ol  California,  Vol.  t,  p.  46*- 


a.  umtratified  volcanic  Band;  t,  b,  pebble  and  gravel; 
c  c  fine  sand  and  clny,  sua'ified;  d,  strata  crumpled 
by  moving  glacier;  e,  strata  scrolled  by  sume  agency. 

probable.  The  evidences  of  the  extreme  recency 
of  the  eruptions  which  determined  their  present 
forms  are  as  follows  : 

1.  We  have  already  shown  the  splendid  scale 
on  which  glaciers  were  ouce  developed  in  this 
region.  We  have  already  given  reasons  for 
thinking  that  they  ran  down  the  Sierra,  out  on 
the  plains  and  into  the  lake  and  produced  ice- 
bergs there.  It  is  impossible  that  the  volcanic 
cones,  if  they  then  existed,  could  have  escaped 
the  powerful  action  of  ice  and  the  equally 
powerful  action  of  other  meteoric  agencies,  so 
characteristic  of  that  epoch  which  must  have 
entirely  destroyed  their  form.  The  remark- 
able perfection  of  their  conical  forms-and  of 
their  craters  is,  therefore,  strongly  presump- 
tive, if  not  demonstrative,  of  the  fact  of  their 
eruption  since  the  disappearance  of  the  glaciers. 

2.  All  the  streams  which  run  from  the  Sierra 
into  Lake  Mono,  cut  into  the  level  plains  100  to 
150  feet  deep.  Fine  sections  of  the  materials  of 
the  plains  are  thus  exposed.  Fig.  3  is  the  up- 
per portion  of  such  a  section  about  80  feet 
perpendicular.  The  lower  portion  of  the  cliff, 
being  covered  up  by  talus,  is  not  represented. 
It  is  seen  that  nearly  the  whole  is  an  ordinary 
modified  drift  composed  of  irregularly  stratified 
sands  and  clays,  cc,  intermingled  with  layers  of 
pebbles  and  gravel,  66.  But  there  are  other 
parts  that  deserve  more  special  notice.  The 
stratum,  e,  is  a  fine  light-colored  clay  through 
which   runs  a    deep    chocolate-brown  larnino. 


scrolled  in  the  most  complex  and  beautiful  pat- 
tern. The  strata,  d,  is  also  strongly  crumpled. 
This  crumpling  and  scrolling  of  the  strata  could 
have  been  produced  only  by  a  glacier  advanc- 
ing on  a  bed  of  stratilied  clay,  or  else  by  the 
pushing  of  icebergB  on  a  stratified  lake  bottom. 
I  suppose  the  whole  formation,  except  a,  to 
have  been  produced  by  an  alternately  advancing 
and  retreating  glacier,  now  retreating  and  drop- 
ping material  to  be  carried  and  deposited  by 
the  rivers  which  (lowed  from  its  snout,  now 
advancing  and  crumpling  tho  finer  material  of 
the  lake  bottom.  It  may  be  difficult  to  explain 
the  details  of  tho  process,  but  I  think  it  wilt  not 
be  doubted  that  the  whole  is  a  distinctly  marked 
drift  deposit.  Many  other  similar  sections 
were  observed;  some  of  which  were  150  feet 
thick. 

Now  covering,  everywhere,  this  undoubted 
glacial  material  is  found  a  layer  of  loose 
unstratified  volcanic  sand  and  pumice,  a,  which 
has  evidently  never  been  touched  by  the  action 
of  water.  It  is  a  pure  eolian  drift.  Iu  the  eec- 
tiou  it  is  about  three  feet  thick;  but  it  is  really 
much  thicker,  as  it  thins  off  on  the  margin  of 
the  perpendicular  cliff  by  falling,  and  thus  con- 
tributes to  the  talus  at  its  base.  It  is  evident 
that  the  whole  material  of  tho  section  was 
deposited  during  glacial  times,  except  a,  which 
has  drifted  over  the  bared  lake  bottom  since 
that  time.  But  judging  from  the  immense 
quantity  of  this  louse  material,  covering  as  it 
does  the  whole  plain  many  feet  deep,  it 
seems  impossible  that  it  is  the  mere  result  of 
disintegration  of  the  volcanic  cones  in  recent 
times.  I  suppose,  therefore,  that  it  is  the  result 
of  saud  and  ash  eruptions  since  the  recession  of 
the  lake  waters. 

3.  We  have  already  described  the  material  of 
the  largest  island  as  being  composed  wholly,  ex- 
cept a  portion  of  the  eastern  part,  of  a  fine  in- 
fusorial earth,  horizontally  stratified  with  lami- 
nreof  slightly  different  colors,  so  thin  as  to  give 
specimens  an  almost  agate-like  beauty.  This 
material  was  evidently  deposited  in  the  middle 
and  deepest  p:trt  of  the  lake,  beyond  the  reach 
of  sediments,  at  a  time  when  the  place  of  the 
island  was  still  a  lake  bottom.  Now,  that  this 
occurred  during  or  after  the  epoch  of  great  gla- 
ciers, is  demonstrated  bythe  fact  that  scattered 
sparsely  through  the  fine  laminated  material, 
aud  lying  on  its  surface,  having  been  washed 
out  by  erosion,  I  found  many  boulders,  both 
worn  and  angular,  of  Sierra  granite  and  slate, 
and  also  of  obsidian.  These  could  have  been 
brought  there  only  by  the  agency  of  floating  ice, 
either  as  icebergs  or  as  shore  ice.  If  by  ice- 
bergs, of  course  during  the  epoch  of  great  gla- 
ciers; if  by  shore  ice,  either  during  that  time  or 
still  later,  for  manifestly  the  boulders  were 
brought  down  to  the  shore  from  the  Sierra  du- 
ring that  time.  It  is  evident,  therefore,  that 
the  Btratified  mud  was  formed  and  the  boulders 
were  dropped  during  the  period  of  great  glaciers 
or  later.  But  still  later  the  island  itself  was 
upheaved  by  volcanic  action,  as  shown  by  the 
anticlinal  position  of  the  strata  at  the  base  and 
by  the  soll'ataric  action  still  going  on.  The 
formation  of  this  island  I  suppose  to  have  been 
coincident  with  the  last  eruptions  of  the  volca- 
noes on  the  plains. 

4.  Within  the  craters  of  several  of  the  volca- 
nic cones  on  the  plains  I  found  pebbles  and 
angular  fragments  of  granite  of  a  peculiar  red- 
dish color,  from  the  presence  of  a  rose-colored 
feldspar.  Whitney  observed  the  same  and  ac- 
counts for  them  in  the  following  manner:  They 
could  not,  he  thinks,  have  been  brought  by 
glaciers  or  by  water,  for  this  is  inconsistent  with 
the  perfect  shape  of  the  cones.  He  rightly  con- 
cludes, therefore,  that  they  must  have  been 
ejected  from  the  volcanoes.  But  if  so,  he  says: 
"They  must  have  been  torn  off  from  the  under- 
lying granite,  through  which  the  eruptive  mat- 
ter has  forced  its  way,  as  is  seen  everywhere  in 
the  Sierra."*  On  the  contiary,  I  account  for 
them  in  a  wholly  different  way :  The  fragments 
which  I  saw  were  some  of  them  angular  it  is 
true,  but  most  of  them  were  well  worn  pebbles. 
There  is  not  the  slightest  doubt  that  these  were 
pebbles  of  the  drift  layer,  which  everywhere 
underlies  the  loose  sand  of  the  plains.  The 
eruptive  forces  broke  through  this  drift  layer 
and  the  ejected  pebbles  fell  back  into  the  crater. 
They  demonstrate  that  the  cones  and  craters, 
where  they  are  found,  not  only  erupted,  but 
were  wholly  formed  after  the  epoch  of  the  peb- 
ble drift. 

I  think,  therefore,  there  can  be  no  doubt  that 
all  of  theBe  volcanoes  erupted,  and  many  of 
them  were  wholly  formed,  after  theepoch  of  great 
glaciers  (champlain).  Whether  any  of  them 
preceded  that  epoch  is  doubtful.  I  have  never 
seen  any  undoubted  evidence  that  they  did. 
If  the  boulders  found  iu  the  island  were  carried 
there  by  icebergs,  then  volcanic  action  preceded 
the  epoch  of  icebergs,  for  many  of  the  fragments 
are  volcanic;  but  they  may  have  been  carried 
by  shore  ice  at  a  later  time.  Again:  I  believe 
the  rocky  part  of  the  island  is  older  than  its 
sedimentary  part;  for  the  latter  seems  to  have 
been  deposited  on  the  former.  If  the  sedimen- 
tation was  champlain,  then  the  rocky  part  was 
probably  pre-glacial;  but  the  sedimentation  may 
have  been  later. 

Sequence  of  Events. 

Assuming  that  the  island  strata  belong  to  the 
epoch  of  great  glaciers,  then  the  order  of  events 
was  something  like  this:  , 

1.  Volcanic  eruptions  on  the  plains  producing 
obsidian,  fragments  of  which  were  afterwards 
carried  by  ice  and  dropped  in  mid-lake.     At  the 

«Geol.  Survey  of  Cal.,  Vol.  I.,  p.  455. 


[Continued  on  Paee  276.1 


274 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[April  26,  1879. 


TTSTTIR,'^"1! ! ! 

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Cover  Boilers,  Pipes  and  Drums  with 


USE 


LWJOHW 


LIQUID  PAINTS,  RQOFiHG,  BOILER  COVERINGS, 
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SEND  FOB  SAMPLES.   ILLUSTRATED  PAMPHLET  AND  PRICE  LIST. 

H.W.JOKNS  M'F'G  Co.,  87MAIDEN  LANE,  N.Y, 

PACIFIC  COAST  BRANCH, 

FRED  M.  PATRICK,  Manager, 

5  First  Street,  San  ILVrancisco. 


WASHING!  WASHING! 


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La  Grande  Laundry, 

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PRINCIPAL  OFFICE, 

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Office  open  from  7  a.  m.  to  9  p.  u.  Saturdays  to  11  r.  m. 
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free  of  charge. 

All  orders  receive  prompt  attention.  For  circular  and 
price  List  apply  at  the  Office, 

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CAUTION 

To  Hydraulic  Miners. 

The  public  generally  and  Hydraulic  Miners  especially 
are  hereby  notified  that  any  parties  making  or  using  the 
contrivance  known  as  the  HOSKIN  DEFLECTOR  will  he 
prosecuted  To  the  full  extent  of  the  law,  said  machine 
having  been  declared  by  the  U.  S.  Circuit  Court  an  in- 
fringement upon  my  patent,  the 

Bioomfield  Deflecting  Nozzle. 

The  public  are  also  cautioned  against  using  the  Hoskin 
Deflector  because  of  its  danger  to  life  and  limb,  this  de 
vice  having  already  occasioned  several  deaths  and  other 
serious  accidents.  The  BLOOMFIELD  DEFLECTOR  is 
entirely  safe,  its  two  and  a  half  years  use  without  acci- 
dent, as  well  as  its  construction,  proves  it  to  be  a  reliable 
contrivance. 

Any  parties  wishing  to  purchase  the  right  to  use  these 
Deflectors  can  do  so  by  applying  to  the  undersigned, 

HENRY  C.  PERKINS, 
North  Bioomfield,  Nevada  Co.,  Cil.,  Octo- 
ber 1st,  1878. 


ESTABLISHED  1867. 

Edwin  Harrington 
&  Son, 

Manufacturers  of 

Extension  &  Gap  Lathes, 

FOOT    LATHES, 

Iron  Plainers,  Boring  Mills,  Center- 
ing and  Tapping  Machines, 

UPRIGHT  DRILLS, 

With  Geared  Heads,  Automatic 
Feed,  quick  return  to  Spindles; 
Multiple  and  Lever  Drills;  Black- 
smith and  Carriage  Makers'  Drills; 
Post  Drills  to  run  by  hand  or  power. 
Radial  Drills,  Suspension  Drills 
with  geared  head.  Automatic  Feed. 

PATENT 

Screw  Pulley  Blocks, 

Unrivalled  for  Durability,  Safety 
and  Power. 

N.  15th  St.  and  Pennsylvania    Av 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 


rn/ypnti   nrv    Superior  Wood  and  Metal  Engrav- 
C.  1 1 K I  d  V  1 1 1 H    m&»  Electrotyping  and  Stereotyp- 

O  *         O  ■  ing  done  at  the  office  of  the  Mining 

and  Scientific  Press,  San  Francisco,  at  favorable  rates. 
Send  Btamp  for  our  circular  and  samplea. 


THE  CALIFORNIA  POWDER  WORKS. 


MANUFACTURERS  OF 


Sporting;,  Cannon,  Mining,   Blasting  and 

HERCULES  POWDER 

HERCULES  POWDER  will  break  more  rook,  is  stronger,  safer  and  better  than  any  other 
Explosive  in  use,  and  is  the  only  Nitro-Glycerine  Powder  chemically  compounded  to  neutralize 
the  poisonous  fumes,  notwithstanding  bombastic  and  pretentious  claims  by  others. 

It  derives  its  name  from  Herccles,  the  most  famous  hero  of  Greek  Mythology,  who  was  gifted  with  superhuman 

Btreugth.    On  one  occasion  he  slew  several  giants  who  opposed  him,  and  with  one  blow  of 

his  club  broke  a  high  mountain  from  summit  to  base. 


No.  1  (XX)  is  the  Strongest  Explosive  Known. 
No.  2  is  superior  to  any  powder  of  that  grade. 

PATENTED  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE. 

ORDERS  RECEIVED  FOR  HERCULES  CAPS  AND  FUSE. 
JOHN  F.  LOHSE,  SECY. 

Office  ,  No.  230  California  Street,  -  -  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


THE     POOR     MAN'S     PROSPECTING 

HAND    OR    POWER    QUARTZ    STAMP    MILL. 

Two  men  can  operate  it 
all  day.  It  is  simple,  effi- 
cient and  durable.  The 
force  of  the  blow  can  be 
changed  so  as  to  strike  a 
light  or  a  very  heavy  blow 
readily.  Two  men  can 
work  this  Mill  to  its  full 
capacity,  and  do  the  work 
as  well  as  can  be  done 
with  any  of  the  old-style 
heavy  Stamp  Mills.  An 
inspection  of  th  is  Machine 
will  convince  any  practi- 
cal person  that  it  is  the 
most  perfect  Quartz 
Stamp  Mill  e^er  pro- 
duced in  this  or  any 
other  country.  A  large 
number  of  old  practical 
Miners  have  seen  it,  and 
they  all  saj  jit  is  a  per- 
fect Hand  Stamp  Mill. 
We  put  on  a  band  pulley, 
so  it  can  be  run  with 
power.  The  cut  is  a  cor- 
rect representation  of  C. 
EATON'S  Patent  LATE- 
LY PERFECTED  MILL. 

—  FOR- 

PROSPECTING 

IT  IS  SIMPLY 

Perfection! 

When  power  is  used, 
each  Stamp  will  strike 
150  blows  per  minute. 
The  force  of  the  blow  in 
comparison  to  the  face  of 

the  stamp  (4£  inches)  is  greater  than  that  of  any  ui  u.,o  -.w-.j  power  Stamps.  Stamps  and  Dies  cast  on  Chill.  These 
Machines  are  well  and  thoroughly  made,  nothing  about  them  to  get  out  of  order.  They  are  put  together  with  boltB. 
Can  be  taken  apart  readily,  so  as  to  be  convenient  to  pack  on  a  mule's  back.  The  whole  machine  weighs  about  1,300 
pounds.  The  heaviest  piece  weighs  200  lbs.  These  Mills  will  do  more  work  (according  to  money  invested)  than  any 
of  the  old  heaw  Stamp  Mills  For  sale  at  AMES'  STEAM  ENGINE  DEPOT,  14  S.  Canal  street,  Chicago, 
Illinois.    Net  Cash  Price,  $150.  COLLINS    EATON. 

SAVE   TOUR    GOLD! 


Highly  Important  to  Miners  and  Quartz  Mill  Men! 

SILVER    PLATED    AMALGAMATING    PLATES. 

The  best  process  yet  discovered  for  saving  tine  or  float  gold.  Extensively  used  "with  great 
success  in  gravel  and  placer  mining  in  various  parts  of  the  Pacific  Coast,  Over  five  hundred 
orders  have  been  tilled,  and  the  demand  is  constantly  increasing.  A  large  number  of  these  Plates 
were  sent  to  Snake  .River  mines,  Idaho,  last  year,  and  a  great  many  orders  are  being  filled  for 
them  this  season.  Circulars  containing  full  instructions  for  working  these  Plates  sent  with  each 
order.  Old  Mining  Plates  bought  or  taken  in  exchange  for  new  Silver  Plated  Plates,  and  full 
value  allowed.  Gold  extracted  from  old  Plates  at  a  moderate  cost  by  a  new  and  economical  pro- 
cess.    Old  Plates  (which  often  contain  a  surplus  of  gold  above  the  cost  of  plating)  can  be  re-plated. 

With  the  most  extensive  facilities  on  the  Pacific  Coast,  orders  can  be  filled  very  promptly 
and  satisfaction  guaranteed. 

Mining  Men  and  the  public  generally  are  cautioned  against  unprincipled  and  irre- 
sponsible parties  traveling  through  the  country,  endeavoring  to  secure  orders  for  very 
inferior  qualities  of  Silver  Plated  Mining  Plates. 

SAN  FRANCISCO  GOLD,  SILVER,  NICKEL  AND  COPPER  PLATING  WORKS, 

Nos.   653   and   655   Mission   Street,    San  FranciBCO,    Cal. 
EDWARD    G.    DENN1STON, PROPRIETOR. 


WANTED-$L0,000. 

For  $10,000  cash  in  hand  I  will  give  a  one-half  interest 
in  the  BLUE  JAY  and  ELEPHANT  QUARTZ  mines, 
situated  in  the  French  Creek  Mining  District,  Siskiyou 
County,  Cal.  And  I  will  take  or  give  a  lease  on  said 
mines,  and  pay  or  receive  eight  per  cent,  on  the  amount 
invested.  For  further  particulars  apply  to  H.  C.  Cory, 
Etna  Mills,  Siskiyou  County,  California. 


Kdstel's  Concentration  of  Ores  (of  all  kinds),  inclu. 
ding  the  Chlorination  Process  for  Gold-bearing  Sulphurets, 
Arseniurets,  and  Gold  and  Silver  Ores  generally,  with  120 
Lithographic  Diagrams,  1S67.  The  most  complete  treat- 
ise. Published  at  thiB  office.  Price,  §7.60.  Postage,  50 
centi  extra. 


PACIFIC    POWER    CO. 

Room  with  steam  power  to  let  in  the 
Pacific  Power  Co.'s  new  brick  building, 
Stevenson  street,  near  Market.  Eleva- 
tor in  building.  Apply  at  the  Com- 
pany's office,  202  Sansome  St.,  room  7. 


ASBESTOS     WANTED, 

OF  THE  BEST  QUALITY. 

Apply  to    WILLIAM    LETTS    OLIVER, 

328  Montgomery  St.,  San  Francisco. 


oli&ipe^  Rectory. 


WM.    BARTLING. 


HENRY    KIMBALL 


BARTLING    &    KIMBALL, 
BOOKBINDERS, 

Paper  Rulers  &  Blank  Book  Manufacturers. 
505  Clay  Street,  (southwest  corner  Sansome), 

SAX    FRANCISCO. 


San  Francisco  Cordage  Company. 

Established    1856. 

We  have  just  added  a  large  amount  of  new  machinery  of 
the  latest  and  most  improved  kind,  and  are  again  prepared 
to  fill  orders  for  Rope  of  any  special  lengths  and  Bizes.  Con- 
stantly on  hand  a  large  Btock  of  Manila  Rope,  all  sizes; 
Tarred  Manila  Rope;  Hay  Rope;  Whale  Line,  etc  ,  eto 
TUBBS  <fc  CO., 
611  and  613  Front  Street,  San  Francisco 


JOHN    A.    CHURCH, 
MINING    ENGINEER, 


COLUMBUS,  OHIO. 


C.    L.   GILLER, 
SEAL    ENGRAVER    AND    DIE    SINKER, 

No.  430  MONTGOMERY  STREET,  S.  F. 

The  best  Work  done  on  the  most  reasonable  terms  on 
the  Coast. 


Dewey  &  Co{2°2mes|?;}Patent  Ag'ts 


Barlow  J. Smith,  M.D. 

Consulting    Physician, 

Professor  of  Phrenology  and 
Mental  Hygiene. 

Proprietor  of  the  Smithsonian  Medical  and  Phrenologies 
Inst.il uti.-.  ti35  California  Street,  above  Kearny. 

This  Institute,  by  combining  medical  hygiene  with  the 
various  Water  Curt  treatments  and  the  most  powerful  Elec- 
trized fcEorseshae  Magnet  in  the  world,  claims  to  cure  speed- 
ily and  permanently  all  forms  of  acute  or  chronic  nervo- 
vital  derangements,  Brain,  Spinal  and  Heart  diseases,  St. 
Vitus  Dance,  Palsy,  Epilepsy  and  all  Rheumatic.  Liver  and 
Kidney  troubles.  The  Institution  has  for  the  past  20  years 
made  a  specialty  of  treating  all  forms  of  weaknesses  and  dis- 
eases peculiar  t»  males  and  females.  By  the  use  of  hygienlo 
remedieB  and  electro-motorpathy  the  worst  forms  of  impc- 
tency  and  seminal  weakness  in  males  and  sterility  in  fe- 
males are  speedily  and  permanently  overcome.  Hygienio 
board,  with  or  without  rooms.  Terms  moderate.  Electro- 
thermal, Russo-Turkish  and  Medicated  Baths  given  daily. 
Mrs.  Dr.  Smith  as  Matron  has  charge  of  the  female  bath- 
ing department. 

Dr.  Smith  has  practiced  Phrenology  the  past  30  years, 
and  during  the  last  20  years  has  been  constantly  using  the 
science  connected  with  Physiognomy,  in  examining  or  diag- 
nosing disease  in  this  city,  and  claims  to  have  made  discov- 
eries in  the  Science  of  Phrenology  that  enables  him,  by  an 
examination  of  the  head,  even  blindfolded,  to  determine  the 
disease  to  which  the  person  is  constitutionally  subject,  or 
whether  the  disease  at  the  time  afflicting  the  person,  is  the 
reBult  of  accident  or  hereditary  weakness  ;  whether  Con- 
susiptive,  Dyspeptic,  Rheumatic,  Apoplectic,  Neu- 
ralgic, LEUCORRHOZAL.or  Seminal,  Especially  does  the 
form  of  the  head  indicate  the  strength  of  the  uterine,  geni- 
tal or  reproductive  syBtem.  The  head  is  also  an  index  of  the 
natural  strength  of  the  lungs,  heart,  stomach,  liver,  kidneys, 
spleen,  back  or  vertebra,  and  it  determines  the  power  of  the 
system  in  warding  off  and  overcoming  disease  of  all  kinds- 
Ladies  or  gentlemen,  desirous  of  obtaining  a  thorough  and 
correct  Phrenological  examinations  with  Fowler  and  Wells' 
harts,  will  meet  with  a  respecful  reception  at  his  consulting 
rooms.  PartieB  can  depend  upon  a  reliable  delineation  of 
the  character  of  their  intimate  male  or  female  friends,  by 
presenting  a  clearly  denned  photograph. 

Phrenological   or   Physiognomical   examinations  without 
charts,  31.50  ;  with  charts,  from  §2  to  §3. 

INVITATION  TO  INVALIDS 
And  all  persons  who  are  in  any  way  out  of  health,  who  de- 
sire to  know  the  nature  and  causes  of  their  disease,  may 
avail  themselves  of  an  examination  through  phrenology  in 
regard  to  nealth  free  of  charge,  between  the  hours  of  9  *..  M. 
and  8  p.  31.    Sundays  from  9  A  M.  to  12  M. 

This  elegant  and  spa 
cious  S.  F.  Restaurant 
has  been  re-opened  with 
superior  bill  of  fare  dai- 


B 


PALACE  T 

ESTAURAN 


Good  Living  at 
*  Reduced  Prices 


218  Sansome  St. 


ly,  and  iB  now  the  best 
andmost  popular  dining 
"      -     —■■--■  —    ealoon  on    this   Coast. 

[Lunch  roady  at  10  A.  m.]  Resident  busineBH  men  and  visi- 
tors from  abroad  will  be  wise  in  giving  this  place  an  early 
call.    Examine  bill  of  fare  and  prices. 

HERMAN  H.  HOEST,  Prop'r. 


PETERSON  &  0LSS0N, 
MODEL     MAKERS. 

INVENTORS 

Will  find  It  to  their  advantage  to  call  on  us  at  328  BUSH 
STREET,  bet.  Montgomery  and  Kearny  (up-stairs,)  S.  F. 


RARE    CHANCE. 

For  Bale  or  to  lease,  a  two-thirds  interest  in  a  good  pay 
ing  country  newspaper.     Address  "Lihsral,"  thin  offiw 


April  26,  1879. j 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


275 


Metallurgy  and  Ore?. 


Nevada    Metallurgical    Works, 

No.  23    STEVENSON  STREET. 
Near  Pint  and  Market  Streeu. 

Ores  worked  by  any  process. 

Ores  sampled. 

A^avim;  in  all  its  branches. 

Analysis  of  Ores,  -Minerals,  Waters,  etc. 

W11KKINU  TESTS  MATiE. 

Plans  furnished  for  the  most  suitable  process 
for  working  Ores. 

Special  attention   paid   to    Examinations   of 
Mines;  plans  and  reports  furnished. 
E.  HUHN, 

C.  A.  LUCKHARDT, 
Mining  Engineers  and  Metallurgists 

JOHN  TAYLOR  &  CO., 

Importers  of  ami  Dealers  in 

ASSAYERS*   MATERIALS, 

CHEMICAL  APPARATUS  AND  CHEMICALS,  DRUG- 
GISTS' GLASSWARE  AND  SUNDRIES,  Etc. 

512  &  618  Washington  St.,  San  Francisco 

We  would  call  the  special  attention  of  Assay  en,  Chem- 
ists, Mining  Companies,  Milling  Companies,  Prospectors, 
etc,  to  our  stock  of  Clay  Crucibles,  Murtles,  Dry  Cups, 
etc,  manufactured  by  the  Patent  Plumbago  Cruci- 
ble Co..  of  London,  England,  for  which  we  have 
been  made  SoU  Agent*  for  the  Pacific  Coast.  Circulars 
with  prices  will  be  sent  upon  application. 

A  I- ..1.  to  our  large  and  well  adapted  stock  of 

Assayers'  Materials  &  Chemical  Apparatus, 

Having  been  engaged   in  furnishing  these  supplies  since 
the  first  discovery  of  mines  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 

fcaTOur  Gold  and  Silver  Tables,  showing  the  value  per 
ounce  Troy  at  different  degrees  of  fineness,  and  valuable 
tables  for  compulation  of  assays  in  grains  and  grammes, 
will  be  sent  free  upon  application. 

JOHN    TAYLOR    &    CO. 


LEOPOLD   KUH, 

(Formerly  of  the  U.  S.  Branch  Mint,  S.  F.) 

Assayer    and    Metallurgical    Chemist, 

No.  011  COMMERCIAL  STREET, 
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jETErection  of   Leaching    Works  a  Specialty. 
atSTLeachintr  Tests  made. 


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NAVY 


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Engraving  done  at  this  office, 


ELECTRIC    LIGHT. 

BRUSH     PATENT. 
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In  daily  use  at  the  Palace  Hotel  and  the  Union  Iron  Works.  S.  F. 


Parties  desiring  Electric  Light  for  Halls,  Shops,  Docks,  Mills, 
Streets  and  Mines,  are  invited  to  send  lis  full  particulars  regarding 
the  huildings,  rooms  or  places  to  be  lighted,  including  dimensions, 
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length  of  time  light  will  be  needed  continuously,  etc. 

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Ingersoll  Rock  Drills. 


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on.     Address, 

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Apply  to    UNGEE  &  MBNDHBIM, 

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San  Lorenzo,  December  6th,  1877. 
Messrs.  Dewet  &  Co.— Gentlemen:  I  received  the  Let- 
ters Patent  for  my  invention  on  the  6th  inst.,  and  beg 
to  thank  you  for  the  gentlemanly  and  business-like  man- 
ner in  which  you  have  dealt  with  me  from  the  beginning 
of  my  application.  I  shall  always  feel  it  a  pleasure  to 
recommend  you  to  all  I  come  in  contaot  with  who  need 
Letters  Patent.    Respectfully,  Wm.  Dale. 


276 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[April  26,   i§79> 


[Continued  from  page  269.] 


in  to  handle  the  influx  of  water.  The  drift  north  r>n  the 
2000  level  is  miking  six  ft  p^r  day  in  a  favorable  vein 
formation,  through  which  seeps  a  little  water.  A  drift 
has  been  started  south  from  the  Sierra  Nevada  winze, 
2300  level,  toward  the  Ophir  incline.  It  is  making  three 
ft  per  day. 

Justice.— The  south  lateral  drift,  1560  level,  continues 
to  cut  favorable  vein  matter,  containing  ore  in  places. 
The  upper  workings  in  the  Waller  Defeat  ground  are  con- 
tinued as  usual  and  some  ore  is  being  extracted.  Some 
high-grade  ore  has  recently  been  encountered  in  these 
workings,  and  the  outlook  there  is  very  favorable. 

California.—  All  the  work  being  done  in  developing 
the  mine  is  joint  with  Con.  Virginia.  The  west  drift,  860 
level,  is  in  porphyry,  the  face  60  ft  from  the  Con.  Virginia 
Bhaft.  The  west  drift,  2160  level,  is  in  440  ft  in  fine  vein 
matter.  Sinking  at  the  C  &  C.  shaft  is  being  continued 
at  the  rate  of  three  ft  per  day  for  a  aump. 

Silver  Hill.— The  drift  south  from  the  Waller  Defeat 
workings  has  been  turned  toward  the  east  somewhat  and 
shows  unmistakable  signs  of  cutting  the  vein  and  encoun- 
tering pay  ore.  The  ledge  in  this  mine  has  been  found  to 
be  600  ft  wide.  There  are  places  where  it  shows  signs  of 
contracting. 

Ophir. — The  improvement  in  the  slopes  on  the  6th 
floor  above  the  2000  level  going  south  continues,  and  the 
vein  is  now  over  10  ft  wide,  and  swinging  around  toward 
the  west.  The  ore  is  of  excellent  quality.  The  joint 
Mexican  upraise,  2100  level,  is  making  two  ft  per  day,  and 
will  reach  the  2000  level  iu  a  short  time  and  greatly  im- 
prove ventilition. 

Gould  &  Currv— The  bulkheads  on  the  1800  and  1JK0 
levels  have  been  completed.  The  joint  east  drift,  1700 
level,  is  being  pushed  at  the  rate  of  four  ft  per  day  in  a 
mixture  of  clay  and  porphyry,  carrying  some  water.  The 
bottom  of  the  shaft  is  now  kept  freed  from  water,  ready 
for  the  resumption  of  sinking. 

Julia  Con.— The  20u0  level  has  been  freed  of  water,  but 
the  heat  is  so  great  that  but  little  can  be  accomplished 
toward  cleaning  it  up  and  repairing  it.  Some  50  or  00  ft 
of  double  drift  are  found  to  be  badly  caved,  the  timbers 
being  broken.  The  flow  of  water  from  the  mine  is  now 
11  miners'  Inches,     It  will  decrease  to  seven  inches. 

Mexican. — The  Joint  Union  upraise  from  the  2000  level 
is  making  three  ft  per  day  in  a  vein  formation  carrying 
some  water.  The  joint  Ophir  upraise  from  the  2100  level 
will  soon  connect  with  the  2000  level  north  drift  and 
greatly  improve  ventilation. 

Sutro  Tunnel. — Six  hundred  men  are  employed  in  and 
about  the  construction  of  the  sub-drain  of  th»  tunnel,  and 
the  work  is  making  good  progress.  There  haB  not  yet 
been  an  agreement  as  to  terms  for  raising  debris  at  the 
Comstock  end. 

Ward.— Sinking,  the  shaft  being  down  1,380  ft.  The 
flow  of  water  continues  strong,  but  is  rapidly  decreasing. 

Yellow  Jacket —Owing  to  breaking  of  a  spur  wheel, 
nothing  is  being  dune  on  the  2400  level  of  the  old  work- 
ings at  present.  (Sinking  at  the  new  shaft  is  goinr  on  as 
usual  and  making  rapid  progress.     Total  depth,  2,445  ft. 

Bullion. — The  crosscut  ea>t,  2150  level,  is  averaging 
five  ft  per  day,  and  is  in  152  ft  from  the  lateral  drift.  It 
is  still  cutting  clay,  porphyry  and  quartz, 

Noiith  Bonanza  and  Flowery. — The  new  engine  is 
ready  for  use.  Some  more  water  has  been  encountered  on 
the  second  level,  but  the  flow  is  rapidly  decreasing,  show- 
ing it  to  be  only  a  reservoir  which  has  been  tapped. 

North  Con.  Virginia.— One  of  the  long-Iooked-for 
cableB  has  arrived  and  has  been  attached  to  the  big  en- 
gine. The  repairs  to  the  shift  will  probably  be  com- 
plettd  during  the  current  week. 

CON.  Imperial.— The  south  drift,  2600  level,  is  connected 
with  the  old  workings,  240J  level,  of  the  Yellow  Jacket, 
and  an  improved  ventilation  has  commenced. 

Alta. —  The  joint  three-compartment  incline  winze  is 
rapidly  approaching  the  1750  level,  which  it  will  reach  by 
the  list  of  the  week.  The  drift  north,  1550  level,  is  being 
ontinued. 

Utah. — The  main  incline  is  now  making  excellent  prog- 
ress, the  bottom  435  ft  below  the  1350  level.  The  new 
engines  give  the  best  of  satisfaction. 

Bebt  &  Belcher—  The  joint  east  drift.  1700  level,  has 
its  face  790  ft  eoBt  of  the  Literal  drift,  and  in  a  mixture  of 
clay  and  porphyry. 

Andes.— The  west  cross  drift,  350  level,  has  passed 
through  eight  ft  of  hard  rock,  but  is  again  in  a  mixture  of 
clay,  porphyry  and  quartz,  without  any  sign  of  the  west 
wall. 

Crown  Point.— CrosBcuttlng  on  the  2500  level  in  1wo 
places.  No.  1  is  joint  with  Belcher,  and  No.  2  is  127  ft 
further  north.  The  latter  is  in  50  ft,  but  neither  crosscut 
is  in  the  ledge  yet. 

Exchequer.— Three  ft  per  day  are  being  added  to  the 
length  of  the  north  drift,  2400  level;  total  length,  375  ft. 
Its  face  is  Ntill  in  soft  vein  porphyry  carrying  stringers  of 
quartz  and  some  water. 

Overman. —  Still  running  north  on  the  1600  level  and 
sinking  the  winze  below  that  level.  No  change  of  forma- 
tion to  note.  The  O  &  C  shaft  has  reached  the  600  level 
and  is  going  on  <lov.11. 

EUREKA  DISTRICT- 

Rich  Misb.— Sentinel,  April  21:  The  Silver  Gate  is 
owned  by  Mr.  D.  J.  J.  McLaughlin,  of  Ruhy  Hill,  and  has 
been  worked  by  him  at  Intervals  for  several  years.  There 
is  an  incline  down  about  120  ft.  The  ledge  is  well  defined 
and  the  walls  perfect.  It  is  estimated  that  there  are  30 
tons  of  ore  on  the  dump.  About  five  tons  of  it  is  recog- 
nized as  first-class,  and  this  will  work  §S0O  per  ton.  The 
balance  is  counted  on  as  being  good  for  §250  to  $400  per 
toil.  Mr.  McLaughlin  will  ship  the  second-class  ore  in  a 
few  days  to  the  Richmond  for  reduction.  The  mine  is 
holding  out  splendidly  as  far  as  work  has  progressed,  and 
the  indications  are  good  that  the  ledge  will  continue  down 
indefinitely.  Considerable  high-grade  ore  has  been  left 
behind  on  either  side  of  the  incline. 

COLORADO. 

Leadville.— Cor.  Denver  Tribune,  April  16:  The  past 
week  has  been  prolific  in  big  strikes.  At  least  half  a  dozen 
new  developments  have  been  made,  some  of  which  prom- 
ise exceedingly  well.  Most  of  these  are  in  the  new  region 
known  as  "Evans."  There  are  three  gulches  to  the  north 
and  east  of  Leadville,  known  as  Big  Evans,  Little  Evans, 
and  South  Evans.  These  gulches  lie  between  the  lower 
ranges  of  hills  that  skirt  Bald  mountain,  and  it  is  upjn 
tnese  hills  that  the  new  prospects  have  been  opened  ud. 
But  few  holes  were  worked  in  this  new  locality  previous 
to  January,  so  that  but  little  was  known  of  the  character 
of  the  country,  Active  prospecting  has  been  carried  on 
Bince  that  time,  and  it  is  now  definitely  ascertained  that 
large  bodies  of  the  best  mineral,  similar  in  character  and 
equal  in  value  to  the  Fryer  hill  discoveries,  exist  all  along 
that  region.  As  yet,  however,  none  of  the  newly-discov- 
ered holes  have  been  worked  sufficiently  to  demonstrate 
the  extent  of  the  deposit.  In  many  of  the  new  holes  the 
indications  are  as  good  as  any  ubout  Leadville.  Scarcely  a 
foot  of  land  can  be  found  there  now  that  is  not  covered  by 
a  miner's  claim.  Some  of  these  new  finds  are  held  at  high 
figures,  while  others  can  be  purchased  at  moderate  prices. 
Among  those  in  which  mineral  has  been  fnund  in  fair 
quantities  are  the  Sarsfield,  Little  Katie,  Little  Morgan, 
Flower  of  Edinburgh,  Little  Bonanza,  and  Yankee  Boy. 
The  first  of  these  has  been  offered  for  $35,000,  and  is  be- 
lieved to  be  well  worth  the  price  asked.  Some  excellent 
prospect  holes  in  which  mineral  has  not  been  reached,  but 
where  there  are  first-class  indications,  lie  all  along  these 
gulches,  and  no  doubt  rich  returns  will  be  reaped  from  thein 
during  the  next  30  days.  The  George  Washington,  Mollie, 
Emma,  Little  Maud  No.  2,  Mountain  Queen,  and  Olivia 
are  among  the  umst  promising.  Most  of  these  shafts  are 
sunk  from  40  to  65  ft,  the  lower  ones  having  the  best  in- 
dications of  being  near  paying  mineral.  Probably  200 
men  have  started  out  to  prospect  within  the  lost  10  days, 
a  large  majority  of  whom  have  located  their  claims  in  the 
last  mentioned  region.  Some  have  gone  to  Ten  Mile  and 
Kokomo,  and  still  others  to  Eagle  river,  about  20  miles  to 
the  west  of  Ten  Mile.  The  last  named  locality  is  spoken 
of  very  highly  by  parties  who  were  in  there  during  the 
latter  part  of  last  season,  and  considerable  interest  Jb<  be- 
ing manifested  among  old  prospectors,  who  areleavhigfor 
tbu  new  eection  by  every  stage. 


Relation  of  the  Mono  Volcanoes  to  the 
Glacial  Drift. 

Continued  from  page  273. 


same  time  also,  the  basaltic  part  of  the  island 
was  formed. 

2.  Then  followed  the  period  of  great  glaciers 
and  flooded  lakes  or  champlain  epoch.  The 
lake  was  near  700  feet  higher  than  dow.  Its 
waters  covered  the  whole  plains  and  washed 
against  the  Sierra;  and  glaciers  from  this  range 
ran  far  into  the  lake  and  formed  icebergs,  which 
floated  on  its  surface  and  dropped  rock  frag- 
ments on  its  fine  mud  bottom. 

3.  Volcanic  forces  acting  quietly  like  the  sol- 
fataros  and  fumaroles  still  existing,  heaved  up 
the  stratified  mud  bottom  of  the  mid-lake  into 
a  gentle  mound  with  quaqua  versal  dip  of  the 
strata,  but  not  rising  to  the  surface.  Coinci- 
dent with  this  were  the  eruptions  of  the  plain's 
volcanoes. 

4.  The  lake  then  dried  away  gradually  to  its 
present  level,  leaving  the  terraces  as  its  old 
Hood  marks  and  exposing  the  rounded  mud 
island;  and  erosive  agents  then  sculptured  this 
to  its  present  turreted  form,  and  cut  away 
its  margin  to  its  present  limits  and  exposed  the 
mud -covered,  older  basaltic  part. 

Lake  Rising:  Again. 

The  existence  of  salt  and  alkaline  lakes  show 
an  extreme  dryness  of  climate;  but  the  climate 
of  the  desert  region  has  not  always  been  dry. 
During  the  champlain  epoch,  the  interior  plains 
were  covered  with  immense  sheets  of  water,  of 
which  the  present  saline  lakes  are  the  isolated 
residues.  Gilbert  has  shown  that  at  that  time 
Great  Salt  lake  contained  400  times  as  much 
water  as  now,  and  that  it  drained  northward 
through  the  Snake  and  Columbia  rivers  into  the 
Pacific  ocean.  King  has  shown  that  the  Ne- 
vada basic  was  at  the  same  time  occupied  by  a 
vast,  irregular  sheet  of  nearly  equal  extent 
stretching  southward  as  far  as  Columbus,  Ne- 
vada. Pyramid,  Winnemucca,  Carson,  Hum- 
boldt and  Walker  lakes  are  the  concentrated 
residues  of  this  great  lake.  Lake  Mono  also,  we 
have  seen,  at  the  same  time,  was  a  great  sheet 
of  water,  whether  connected  with  the  other  or 
not  is  not  known.  There  has  been,  therefore, 
an  increasing  dryness  of  climate  in  that  region 
since  the  champlain.  Is  it  still  progressing,  or 
has  it  reached  its  maximum?  An  important 
question  for  the  Pacific  States. 

From  my  observations  on  Lake  Mono,  I  have 
no  doubt  that  its  level  at  the  time  of  my  visitwas 
rising,  and  had  been  rising  for  10  or  15  years. 
I  he  evidence  is  as  follows:  Around  the  mar- 
gins of  the  lake  1  found  everywhere  old  fences 
uf  sheep  corrals  aud  old  trails  submerged  many 
feet  deep.  While  visiting  the  island  I  found 
the  vegetation  of  the  island,  sage  brush  {Arte- 
mesia  tridrntata)  and  grease  wood  (Sarcobalus 
vermiculatiut),  submerged  in  eight  feet  of  water, 
and  of  course  killed.  Residents  about  the  lake 
state  that  the  waters  have  risen  10  or  12  feet  in 
10  or  15  years.  I  might  be  disposed  to  doubt 
these  observations  if  the  same  phenomena  had 
not  been  observed  in  other  lakes  in  the  same  dry 
region.  Salt  lake  is  known  to  have  risen  14 
feet  in  25  years  and  submerged  large  tracts  on 
its  flat  margins,  and  the  water,  by  analysis,  is 
far  less  salt  than  formerly.  Pyramid  lake,  ac- 
cording to  King,  has  risen  nine  feet,  and  Win- 
uemucca  lake  22  feet  in  only  four  years  (1S67- 
1871).  The  same  is  said  to  be  true  of  Walker 
lake  and  of  Owen  lake. 

The  cause  of  this  is  evidently  increase  of 
rainfall  and  snowfall,  chiefly  the  latter.  In 
this  connection  it  may  be  well  to  mention  an 
additional  evidence  of  increasing  snowfall  in 
the  Sierra.  I  have  in  a  previous  paperf  drawn 
attention  to  a  moving  snow-field,  or  rather  an 
imperfect  glacier,  occupying  the  great  cirque  at 
the  top  of  Mt.  Lyell — the  feeble  remnant  of  the 
great  Tuolumne  glacier  of  glacial  times.  At 
the  foot  of  this  glacieret  there  is  as  perfect  a  ter- 
minal moraine  aa  ever  was  seen.  It  is  a  cre- 
scentic  pile  of  rock  fragments  20  feet  high,  50 
feet  wide  at  base  and  about  a  mile  long.  The 
fragments  were  brought  down  by  the  moving 
ice  from  the  vertical  cliffs  of  the  cirque.  Many 
similar  fragments  are  seen  lying  on  the  glacier 
on  their  way  to  the  moraine,  and  in  various 
stages  of  advance.  Now  not  only  does  this  mo- 
raine show  no  signs  of  being  left  by  a  retreating 
glacier,  but  on  the  contrary  I  think  it  shows 
signs  that  the  ice  is  advancing.  For  the  snout 
of  the  glacieret  is  not  only  pressed  hard  against 
the  moraine,  but  the  outer  slope  of  the  moraine, 
when  I  saw  it,  1872,  was  just  at  the  limit  of 
stability — the  least  disturbance  caused  the  frag- 
ments to  roll  down.  It  would  seem  therefore 
that  the  moraine  is  being  pushed  slowly  for- 
ward. Whether  the  same  is  true  still  I  know 
not.* 

King,  in  his  recent  volume  on  systematic 
geology  already  referred  to,  has  drawn  atten- 
tion to  still  another  evidence  of  snow  advance 
in  the  high  Sierra.  According  to  him,  above 
the  timber  belt,  there  is   a  comparatively  bare 

t  American  Journal,  3d  Series,  Vol.  V„  p.  325. 

*  King  in  his  recent  volume  on  "Systematic  Geology 
of  the  49th  P.ir.tllel."  p.  477,  says  that  all  Mr.  Muir's  liv- 
ing glaciers  of  the  Sierra  are  only  moving  snow-fields  well 
known  to  the  California  surveyors.  He  then  quotes 
Agassiz  defining  the  distinction  between  such  moving 
neves  or  snuwfields  and  true  glaciers.  Thia  distinction 
according  to  A^assiz,  consists  in  the  ability  to  bear  rock 
fragments  on  its  bosom  and  thus  torm  a  moraine.  Now 
it  is  but  justice  to  Mr.  Muir  to  say  that  the  ice  in  the 
Lyell  cirque  does  hear  large  rock  fragments  on  its  sur- 
face, aud  accumulates  them  at  its  lower  limit  aa  a  perfect 
terminal  moraine.  Recognizing,  however,  tin5  fact  that 
this  ice  mass  does  not  emerge  from  its  native  cirque,  I 
have,  in  my  paper  on  "Ancient  Glaciers  of  the  Sierra" 
{American  Journal,  Yol.  V.,  p.  325,)  called  it  a  glacieret. 


region  of  1,000  feet  vertical,  on  which  for  ages 
there  has  been  too  much  winter  snow  to  allow 
the  growth  of  timber.  Iu  the  timber  region 
bordering  the  bare  region  there  are  many  trees 
which  have  250  annual  rings.  These  trees  have 
therefore  been  growing  securely  for  250  years. 
But  since  I860  the  snow  has  so  far  advanced 
upon  the  timber  region  that  these  great  trees 
are  being  destroyed  by  avalanches.  It  would 
seem,  therefore,  that  not  only  has  there  been  re- 
cent advance,  but  that  it  is  the  first  advance  for 
250  years. 

The  rise  of  the  lakes  in  the  desert  region  is 
therefore  undoubtedly  the  result  of  a  climatic 
cycle.  But  whether  the  cycle  be  a  long  or  a 
short  one;  whether  it  be  a  geological  cycle  of 
increasing  snowfall — a  turn  of  the  cycle  of  dry- 
ness which,  commencing  after  the  champlain 
epoch,  culminated  in  the  present  arid  condition 
of  the  desert  region;  or  whether  it  be  only  a 
climatic  fluctuation  of  short  duration,  and  of 
which  therefore  geology  takes  no  account — such 
for  instance  as  may  be  supposed  to  be  connected 
with  the  sun-spot  cycle,  it  is  impossible  with 
certainty  to  determine  without  observations 
extending  through  much  longer  periods  of  time. 
I  have  hitherto  been  disposed  to  think  the  latter 
more  probable,  but  King's  observations  on  de- 
struction of  trees  by  avalanches  would  seem  to 
point  to  the  probability  of  a  long  cycle. 

Berkeley,  CaL,  March  1st,  1879. 


News  in  Brief. 

Earthquake  at  Costa  Rica  on  the  17th. 

Black  bass  are  running  at  Port  Townsend. 

Frosts  are  damaging  fruit  in  Mendocino  Co. 

Texas  boasts  of  20  murders  during  the  last 
month. 

Hawaii  is  importing  trotting  stock  from 
America. 

The  last  of  the  escaped  Cheyennes  has  been 
captured. 

Fighting  continues  in  Zulu  land  with  vary- 
ing success. 

American  firms  are  exporting  axes  and 
hatchets  to  Mexico. 

Miners  are  flocking  into  Leadville,  Col. ,  at 
the  rate  of  800  a  week. 

Eureka,  Nev.,  has  been  one-thjrd  destroyed 
by  fire.     Loss  §1,000,000. 

In  three  years  the  productiou  of  beet  sugar 
in  Austria  has  been  doubled. 

The  South  proposes  to  fill  the  places  of  em- 
igrating blacks  with  Chinese. 

Two  tidal  waves  were  perceptible  all  along 
the  Atlantic  coast  on  the  18th. 

The  weather  is  very  dry  in  Arizona,  and 
crops  will  fail  unless  rain  falls  soon. 

The  Associated  Bankers  offer  to  take  the 
whole  of  the  refunding  certificates. 

The  Warm  Spring  Apaches  have  escaped 
from  their  reservation,  and  are  now  on  a  raid. 

The  steamer  Great  Republic,  has  gone  ashore 
off  the  'coast  of  Oregon,  and  is  a  complete  loss. 

Many  of  the  striking  miners  in  England  are 
emigrating  to  the  United  States  and  the  Colonies, 

A  fire-damp  explosion  lately  killed  eleven 
men  at  the  Wellington  coal  mine,  Vancouver 
Island. 

The  North  Pacific  has  secured  a  loan  of  $2,- 
000,000,  and  will  push  itB  road  to  the  Yellow- 
stone. 

The  man  who  attempted  to  kill  the  Czar,  is 
to  be  tried  by  the  highest  criminal  tribunal  in 
Russia. 

Near  Chico,  a  party  of  Chinamen  were  re- 
cently fired  on  by  white  men,  and  two  of  them 
killed. 

Hundreds  of  tons  of  iron  passes  over  the  Cen- 
tral Pacific  daily  for  the  Southern  Pacific  in 
Arizona. 

A  Negro  prisoner  was  taken  from  the  officers 
at  Washington  Junction,  Md.,  lately,  by  a  mob, 
and  hanged. 

An  enormous  meeting  of  miners  near  Hetton 
collieries,  England,  unanimously  resolved  in  fa- 
vor of  arbitration. 

Schultz,  charged  with  embezzlement  in  San 
Francisco,  has  been  released  on  filing  bonds  in 
the  sum  of  $360,000. 

Olive  and  Fisher,  the  Nebraska  man-burn- 
ers, have  been  sentenced  to  imprisonment  for 
life  with  hard  labor. 

Dr.  Chalfant,  the  man  who  killed  Bacon  at 
the  Baldwin  Hotel,  pleads  guilty  and  claims 
the  killing  accidental. 

The  largest  revenue  seizure  ever  made  in  the 
State,  has  been  made  in  San  Benito  county — 
Culp  &  Co.'s  cigar  factory. 

Maj.  E.  H.  Cameron,  of  the  Royal  artil- 
lery, has  patented  an  invention  whereby  matches 
can  be  rendered  waterproof. 

The  Mutton  and  Wool  Growers'  Protective 
Association,  recently  organized  at  Lower  Lake, 
pay  $25  in  coin  for  coyote  scalps. 

O'Niel,  the  actor,  has  been  found  guilty  of 
violating  the  *' sacrilegious  play  "  ordinance  in 
personating  Jesus  Christ,  and  fined  §200. 

The  distress  in  Morroco  from  famine  is  so 
great  that  mothers  are  eating  their  children, 
aud  hundreds  of  deaths  are  occurring  daily. 

By  an  explosion  of  fire-damp  in  a  coal  pit 
near  Mons,  Belgium,  setting  fire  to  the  wood- 
work of  the  shaft,  240  men,  miners,  are  shut  in. 


The  Bruckner  pulverizing  mill  {new  pattern) 
will  be  in  operation  on  Monday,  April  2Stb,  at 
2  P.  M.,  on  Berry  street,  between  Fourth  and 
Fifth,  near  the  San  Jose  depot.  All  mining 
men  interested  in  crushing  machinery  will  do 
well  to  call  and  see  this  machine  iu  operation. 
One  clay  last  week  it  ground  some  hard  white 
quartz,  though  a  No.  35  screen,  at  the  rate  of 
1,500  pounds  an  hour. 


£* 


fENTS  AND  INVENTIONS. 


List  of  U.  S.  Patents  Issued  to  Pacific 
Coast  Inventors. 

[From  Official  Reports  for  tub  Mining  and  Scientific 

PrbsSj  DEWEY  &  CO.,  Publishers  and  U.  S. 

and  Foreign  Patent  Agents.] 

By  Special  Dispatch  from  Washington.  D.  C. 

For  TnE  Week  Ending  March  25th,  1879. 
213,508.— Wagon— F.  A.  Hill,  San  Leandrn,  Cal. 
213,659.— Parasol- Mrs.  H.  E.  Israel,  Bantas,  Cal. 
213,527.— Amalgamating  Quartz  Mill— A.  B.  Paul,  S.  F. 

For  the  Week  Ending  April  15th,  1879. 
214,278.  —Metallic  Lathe— Chas.  H.  Carter,  S.  F. 
214,285. —Steam  Boiler  —  Riley  R.  Doan,  Sacramento. 
214,302.—  Stench  Trap— Wm.  E.  Lane,  S.  F. 
214,319.— Farm  Gate— E.  L.  Rugg,  Capay. 
214,321.— Air  Valve— J.  M.  Scott,  S.  F. 
214,415.— Oat  Separators— Jas.  Magone,  Canyon  City, 
Oregon. 

Note.— Copies  of  U.  S.  and  Foreign  Patents  furnished 
byDEWET&Co.,  in  the  shortest  time  possible  {by  tel- 
graph  or  otherwise)  at  Lhe  lowest  rates.  All  patent  busi- 
ness for  Pacific  coast  inventors"  transacted  with  perfect 
security  and  in  the  shortest  possible  time. 


Boston  Money  and  Mariposa  Mines. 

A  Boston  company  has  just  purchased  the 
Baltimore  quartz  mine — sometimes  called  No. 
9 — situated  near  Hornitos,  Mariposa  county. 
This  property  was  formerly  owned  by  a  small 
company  of  miners  who  had  been  working  it  in 
a  limited  way,  extracting  and  milling  a  few  tona 
of  ore  daily.  The  present  owners  will  at  once 
erect  a  20-stamp  mill  and  proceed  to  open  up 
the  lode,  which  is  large  and  well-formed,  in  a 
thorough  and  systematic  way.  The  ore  is  free 
milling  and  of  fair  grade,  assaying  from  §10  to 
$12  per  ton,  and  it  is  expected  that  it  will  yield 
under  the  stamps  from  $8  to  §10.  The  cost  of 
mining  and  milling  is  estimated  at  $3.50  per 
tun.  There  is  a  good  body  of  ore  already  ex- 
posed in  the  mine,  and  little  fear  is  entertained 
but  there  will  be  a  sufficiency  to  keep  the  new 
mill  steadily  and  profitably  employed.  This 
claim  lies  in  a  good  neighborhood,  being  near 
the  Washington  and  other  productive  mines, 
some  of  which  have  been  worked  with  hand- 
some profit  for  years.  Into  the  new  mill,  which 
will  be  run  by  a  combination  of  ateain  and 
water,  there  will  be  introduced  every  method 
and  device  calculated  to  economize  expenses 
and  insure  a  close  working  of  the  ore.  Thia 
property  was  bought  on  the  recommendation  of 
J.  H.  Phillips  of  this  city,  who  will  exercise  a 
general  supervision  over  it  hereafter.  Thia 
gentleman  has  so  far  been  fortunate  in  mak- 
ing choice  of  mining  properties  for  Eastern 
investors,  and  it  is  to  be  hoped  results  will 
prove  that  his  judgment  has  not  been  at  fault 
in  the  present  selection. 


Bullion  Shipments. 

Since  our  last  issue,  we  have  noticed  the  fol- 
lowing bullion  shipments: 

Martin  White,  April  13th,  $8,089  78;  North- 
ern  Belle,  April  12th,  $4,241.03;  Highbridge, 
April  15th,  $4,700;  Hillside,  April  16th,  $4,900; 
Alexander,  April  ISth,  $8,565  85;  Con.  Virginia, 
April  19th,  $25,613.62;  California,  April  19th, 
$50,650.86;  Northern  Belle,  April  lGth,  $3,257.- 
41;  Hillside,  April  20th,  $5,300;  Martin  White, 
April  16th,  $6,250;  Grand  Prize,  April  21st( 
$12,500;  Independence,  April  21st,  $5,700; 
Paradise  Valley,  April  18th,  $5,204.34;  Christy, 
April  21st,  $6,208. 

The  Stevenot  Fine  Gold  amalgamator  which 
we  recently  illustrated,  has  been  running  in 
this  city  this  week,  so  that  those  interested 
might  see  it  at  work.  The  machine  is  very 
simple  in  construction  aud  operation,  and  costs 
$150,  a,  great  deal  less  than  any  in  the  market. 
It  may  be  used  in  connection  ■with  stamps  or 
crushers,  and  is  well  adapted  for  tailings  also. 
Several  of  these  machines  are  now  being  made 
here  for  California  mines. 


An  Engineer,  favorably  known  in  the  East,  desirous  of 
settling  in  California,  Beeks  position  as  Superintendent  or 
Chief  Draughtsman.  Competent  to  design  stationary, 
marine,  locomotive,  mill  work,  sugar  and  hydraulic  ma- 
chinery. Speaks  Spanish.  Unexceptional  references. 
Address  Expert,  this  office. 


How  to  Stop  this  Paper. — It  is  not  a  herculean  task  to 
stop  this  paper.  Notify  the  publishers  by  letter.  If  it 
comes  beyond  the  time  desired  you  can  depend  upon  it  we 
do  not  know  that  the  subscriber  wants  it  stopped.  So 
be  sure  and  send  us  notice  by  letter. 


Examine  the  accelerative  endowment  plan,  as  originated 
by  the  Mutual  Benefit  Life  Insurance  Co.,  of  Newark, 
New  Jersey.  Assets,  §30,533,429.04.  Lewis  C.  Grover, 
President;  L  Spencer  Coble,  Vice-President;  Benjamin  C. 
Miller,  Treasurer;  Edward  A.  Strong,  Secretary;  Bloom- 
field  J.  Miller,  Actuary.  Send  for  circulars  to  James 
Munscll,  Jr.,  agent  of  insured,  224  Sansome  St.,  San 
Francisco. 

Fresh  attractionB  are  constantly  added  to  Wood- 
ward's Gardens,  among  which  is  Prof.  Gruber'a  great 
educator,  the  Zoographicon.  Each  department  increases 
daily,  and  the  Pavilion  performances  are  more  popular 
than  ever.  All  new  novelties  find  a  place  at  this  wender- 
ful  resort     Prices  remain  aa  usual. 


Experimental  Machinery,  drawings,  patterns,  models, 
all  kinds  of  electrical  and  telegraphic  apparatus  to  order. 
See  ad.     F.  W.  Fcller,  415  Market  St.,  second  floor,  S.  F. 


Chew  Jackson's  Best  Sweet  Navy  Tobacco 


April  26,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS 


277 


METALS. 

(WOOLCUXB. 

Wrdswdat  m..  April  23,  1873. 
IBOV.— 

Ami-dan  Tic.  toft,  too 33  00  (826  00 

BontchPljf  ton 25  M  &t*  50 

Am  rtriu  White  Pi*,  ton 23  00  ft 

Oregon  Pig.  too 36  50  & 

Refined  Bar 3f#        3ft 

HoneBhoe*.  kec 5  00  &—  — 

Nail  Rod -«       T 

Norway.  ueordlo«  to  tbJdcoen 6)<j}       7 

OorreiL— 

HhMthlnf,  ft 34  »r      38 

Sheathing.  Vrl|.>w 19  3      » 

Bh-raihlng,  Old  Yellow -  <<t- 

Stbbl.— 

English  Cut,  ft. 16  <?>      17 

Black  Diamoud,  ordinary  «!*.<•« 18  Q —  — 

Iifiii  16  <*      n 

Flat  Bar 1 

PL.w  Steel H(g 

Ti*  Pi  atm.— 

10x14  10  Charooal 81<$       9 

lvxl  I  I  C  Coke 

Banc*  Tin IB  ®—  3ti 

Australian 15J(g      17 

2IMC  — 

By  the  Caak 

Zfn--   su-.-vt  7x3  ft,  7tol0.  ft*.  l«u  than  ciwk..  §       LO 

Waila— 
Auortod  atzei 2  POXtf 3  00 

Gold,    Legal    Tenders.    Exchange,    Etc. 

[Corrected  Weekly  by  Srrno  &  Co.) 

Sa.n  F&ANCI8OO,  April  23,  3  P.  at. 
BtLVEK    !      M. 

Gold  Bakh,  8WKff910.  Silver  Buta,  8@]y  \*  oeot  di« 
Boonl. 

ExcilANoaon  New  York.  30,  on  London  bankers.  «JW 
491  Commercial.  50;  Paria,  Ave  francs  $  dollar:  Mtixican 
dollar*.  S&go3 

London  Uonsola,  9?  1-10.  Bonda,  103J. 

QciCKSiXVKR  In  8   K  .  by  <h-  auk.  *>  lb,  40"' 41c 


Signal  Service  Meteorological  Report 

San  Francisco. —Week  ending  April  22. 1&79. 

niODRHT   AND  L0WK8T   BAROMRTRR. 

Apr  16  Apr  17;  Apr  18    Apr  10    AprSOi  Apr  21    Apr  -J2 


30.277    30.153    29. Sou     29.065    30.330    30.213 
30.1S3    29.91«|  29.811     20.864    80. 031 |  30.101 

V.  AXIMt.'M  AND  MINIMUM  rURRMOMBTRR. 
83.5  1      60.7  1      6.r..:»|      65.5   1      66.2   1      63.3   1 
50.3         50.5         50.5         50.5  47  47.5   | 


71.3|      01.7| 
W      I      W      I 


152 
Clear. 


MRAN   DAILY   UCMIDITT. 

08.0  I      08.3  I      04.0  I      67 

PRBVAILINO   HIND. 

W      I      SW     I     NYY     I     NW 
WIND— MILKS  TRAVKLRD. 
I    171      I    118      I     221     I     345     I     284 

STATU   OK   WBATIIKK. 

I  Clear.  I  Cloudy  |    Fair.     1  Clear   I    Clear. 

RAINFALL  IS  TWRNTY-FOUR    HOURS. 

I     .01      I      .26    I      .62    I 


30.157 
30.044 

OS.  5 
51 

I      65.6 

I     w 

I    130 
I  Clear. 
I 


Total  ram  during  the  season,  from  July  1.  1878.  22.04  in. 

Mining  and  Scientific 
Press  Patent  Agency. 

PATENTS  obtained  promptly;  Caveats  filed  expeditiously 
Patent  re-issues  taken  out;  Assignments  made  and  re. 
corded  in  legal  form;  Copies  of  Patents  and  Assignment? 
procured;  Examinations  of  Patents  made  here  and  at 
Washington;  Examinations  made  of  Assignments  re- 
corded in  Washington;  Examinations  ordered  and  re 
ported  by  Telegraph;  Rejected  cases  taken  up  and  Pat- 
ents obtained;  Interferences  Prosecuted;  Opinions  ren- 
dered regarding  the  validity  of  Patents  and  Assign- 
ments; Every  legitimate  branch  of  Patent  Soliciting 
Business  promptly  and  thoroughly  conducted. 

Our  intimate  knowledge  of  the  various  inventions  of  this 
coast,  and  long  practice  in  patent  business,  enable  us  to 
abundantly  satisfy  our  patrons,  and  our  success  and 
business  are  constantly  increasing. 

The  ablest  and  most  experienced  inventors  are  found 
among  our  most  steadfast  friends  and  patrons,  who  fully 
appreciate  our  advantages  iu  bringing  valuable  inven- 
tions to  the  notice  of  the  public  through  the  columns  of 
our  widely  circulated,  first-class  journals— thereby  facil- 
itating their  introduction,  sale  and  popularity. 

DEWEY  &  CO.,  Patent  Agents, 
Offlce-202  Sansome  St.,  N.  E.  Cor.  Pine,  S.  F. 


A.  T.  DEWEY. 


W.  It.  BWER. 


O.  n.  STRONG. 


lAipg  and  Other  Compajiies. 


Persons  interested  in  incorporated  shares 
will  do  well  to  recommend  the  publication 
of  the  official  notices  of  their  companies 
in  this  paper,  as  the  cheapest  appropriate 
medium  for  the  same. 

Mount  Jefferson  Milling  and  Mining  Com- 

pany.— Location  of  principal  place  of  business!,  tian  Fran- 
cisco, California.  Location  of  works,  Garrote  Mining  Dis- 
trict, Tuolumne  County,  California. 

Notice  is  hereby  givtn,  that  at  a  meeting  of  tho  Directors 
held  on  the  21st  day  of  March.  1*79,  an  assessment  (No  6)  of 
five  cents  Der  share  was  levied  upon  the  capital  stock  of  the 
corporation,  payable  immediately  in  United  States  gold  coin, 
to  the  Sdcrctary  at  the  otlice  of  the  Company,  Room  6,  No, 
318  Pine  street,  San  Fianciaco,  CaL 

Any  Btock  up»n  which  tliis  assessment  shall  remain  unpaid 
on  the  2d  day  of  M:»y,  W9,  will  be  delinquent,  and  adver- 
tised for  sale  at  public  auction;  ami  unless  payment  is  made 
before,  will  be  sold  on  Tuesday,  the  27th  day  of  May,  1879,  to 
pay  the  delinquent  aasjssmeut,  together  with  costs  of  adver- 
tising and  expenses  of  sale. 

R.  N.  VAN  BRUNT,  Secretary. 
Office,  Room  6,  No.  318  Pine  Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


Names.  No  Certificate.  No.  Sharw.  Am't 

Wood-um,  O  P 107  100  40  00 

Wood'um,  op 104  100  40  00 

Woodsum,  O  P 109  100  40  00 

And  in  accordance  with  law,  a-  d  an  order  oJ  the  Board 
of  JJirocton,  mado  on  lhr<  drat  il^y  ol  March,  1879,  M 
man)  shares  ni  each  pftTOBl  -if  such  »tock  as  may  be  neces- 
sary, will  be  sold  at  public  auction,  at  tboofloeof  the 
on  Saturday,  the  tenth  day  of  May,  A  1>  , 
1878   at  ttH  o'dOQI  r.  m   of  &aid  day,    to  pay 

-  lid  ih'lliiijUcnl  .. 
of  advertising  an. I  be  sale 

R    N    van  Biti'NT.  Secretory. 

Office,  Room  a,  No,  8X8  Pine  street,  San  Fran 

Cherokee  Flat  Blue   Gravel  Company.— 

Location  <'f  piindpe]  place  "f  budneea  Ban  Pnroboo, 

I.tK.iti.m    ,jf    Work*.    Cherokee    Flat,    Hutu- 

...  California. 
Notice  1-  berebi  riven,  thai  at  a  meetttur  of  flu   1 1 
held  on  the  tenth  oaj   "'   April.  A.  D.,  1879.  an  1 
(So.  41),  of  Bib  stale  pet  than  iraa  terted  upon  bhi    1  apltal 

a'ock  of  the  corpoiatl^o.  payable  iinun- dUUel)  in  United 
State*  gold  coin,  to  the  Becretary  at  theoffl the  oorapani 

Any  atock  opoD  which  this  aaaeswnant  •hall  remain  unpaid 
on  the  twelfth  d«y  of  May.  1879.  will  be  di  llnquant,  and  ad- 
rertlaod  for  sale  at  public  auction;  and  onion  payment  is 
audi  before,  will  be  sold  on  Tuesday,  the  tenth  dayol  June, 
A   i>    i-.'1  Inquent aasesamenU  togt-tber  with 

cosbiof  advertising  and  expenses  of  sale, 

i;     N     VAN    nitl'NT,  S-oretarj-. 

1  Hfioa,  lloora  tJ,  No.  318  Pine  wtreet,  Han  Francisco.  Cal 

Rocky  Point  Mining  Company.— Location 

of  principal  place  of  hind iirx*.   San   Francisco,   California 

Location  of  works,  Placer  county,  California. 

Notice  Is  hereby  given  that  at  a  1  met  Ink'   ol   thw  Board  of 

Directors,  held  on  the  17th  day  of  April.  lHJ'J,  an   aMaessment 

(No.  ll  <>f  ten  Ho)  cents  per  aharc  Mas  levied  upon  the  capital 

ntr«ck  of  the  corporation,  payable  Immediately  in  U.  S.  gold 
i-  in  tn  tbu  Secretary,  at  the  otliee  of  the  Company.  No.  314 
Hindi  street,  San  I  runici,   (   ililornia. 

Any  stock  upon  which  this  utsacsuicnt  .-hull  remain  unpaid 
on  tti*.-  29th  day  .■[  Mny.  1879,  will  be  dellno.uent,  and  adrer- 
tlaed  for  sale  at  auction;  and  unless  payment  la  made  before, 
will  hu  sold  on  Monday,  the  lf>th  day  of  June,  ls79,  to  pay 
the  delinquent  asscaameut,  together  with  cost  of  advertising 
and  expenses  of  sale.  By  order  of  the  Board  of  Directors. 
T.  L.   BIHBINS.  Secretary. 

Otlice,  314  Bush  Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Summit    Mining   Company.— Location  of 

Principal  place  of  "business,  San  Francisco,  California. 

Location    of    works,   Mineral    Point  Miuimr    District, 

Plumas  County,  Cal. 

Notice. — There  are  delinquent  upon  the  following  de- 
scribed stock,  on  account  of  assePsment  (No.  7,1  levied  on 
the  4th  day  of  February,  A.  D.,  18711,  the  several  amounts 


set  opposite  the  names  of  the  respective  shareholders,  as 
follows: 

Kernel  No    CWtlOoatOj  No.  Shares.  Amount, 

Overs,  WT 38  700  86  00 

gdwards,  J  E 3»  700  86  00 

Qaotler,  Ousfiave lw  200  10  00 

'l  W ii.  1000  60  00 

Lchmaiin,  C,  Trustee 200  300  10  00 

Lchmann,  C,  TruaUe ...  200  10  00 

Turner.  J  W 66  200  10  00 

Thomson,  R 24  1200  00  00 

And  in  accordance  with  law,  and  an  ardi  r of  the! 

.  made  on  the  Fourth   d  ..■-,.    \    h> 

each  parcul  of  such  stock  aa  nuty 

'" '  ■  .  ■  - 1 . ■  >  ■     Id    kl   pul        ■■■;  1  1  the  offlae 

of  the  <  impany,  No   818  Pine  street.  Room  8,800  Fran- 
ctaoo,  California,  on  Tu<  tith dayol  April. 

A    1>  ,  1878,  »t  tli<'  iimir  .11  three  o'clock  r 
day,  tn  pay  aalddi  ameiil    thereon,  together 

with  1 1  iite  of  advert IbIi.v'  and  expeiifea  ol  the  tale 

k    N    van  BRUN '.  Bec*y. 

I  •■].■  1  .  Room  8,  No  818  Pine  Street,  Ban  Francisco,  CaJ, 

POSTPONEMENT,    The  Bale  •<(  delinquent  stool  ol  the 

nbovi    1: (1  Coiiqi  in  bei  el>v    j>oj-I  [toned    until    Tues 

day,  tho  Sixth  day  of  May,   1878,  Bt  the  aanu  bout  and 

place.     IK  order  of  the  Board  of  DlreoUllB. 

R.   N.   VAN  BRUNT.  Secretary. 
Office,  Room  0,  No.  318  Pine  street.  San  Franolsoo, 


Mines  and  Works  of   Almaden. 


Translated  from  " Annates  des  Mines" 
By  S.  B.  Christy. 
Full  geological  description  of  this  famous  Quicksilver 
Mine,  illustrated  by  maps  and  plans  of  the  works.  Com- 
plete description  of  the  Quicksilver  Furnaces  and  Cop- 
deusers,  etc  48  pages  octavo-  paper  cover— price  (post- 
paid) 60  Cti.  Published  and  sold  by  DEWEY  &  CO  ,  202 
Sansome  Street,  S.  F. 


^Mining 

■For  Sale  *^ 


*Berry&Place 

At  the  Old  Stand,  Market,  head  of  Front  Street,  S.  F. 


California  and  Oregon  Land  Company.— 

Locition  of  principal  place  of  business,  San  Francisco, 
California.  Location  of  Works,  State  of  Oregon. 
'  NOTICE.— There  is  delinquent  upon  the  following  de- 
scribed stock,  on  account  of  assessment  (No.  2)  levied  on 
the  first  day  of  March,  A.  D.,  1879,  the  several  amounts 
Bet  opposite  the  names  of  the  respective  shareholders,  as 
follows: 
Names.  No.  Certificate.  No.  Shares.  Amount. 

Allen,  JO 130  400  $160  00 

Pond.EB 129  50  20  00 

Woodsum,  OP 100  100  40  00 


Dunham,  Carrip  £  Co., 

Nos.  107, 109  &  111  Front  Street,  S.  F. 
Lathe    Without    Saw    Attachments. 

s  fa 

If! 

85a 

5:  b  §■ 
§  §  z 

=•  ^   2 

,,.  .  --      1  ,  ;!  :  l!| 

O    C.  2, 

S  5? 

PI 

5  c«**  M'i^r^tti  BbT     ^^jfJ  '^^s.  H  MJMt  ■   x  3' 

i  if ;  wm^,  loan  ^^  w&m.  ?  s 

Jllfs- 

■j:  a   >  —  ~ 

Price'of  Lathe  w  thoutSSaw  Attachments $45.         Price  of  Lathe  with  Scroll  Saw  Attachment £55. 

Price  of  Lathe  with  both  Scroll  and  Circular  Saws,  870. 

o 

Trump    IDrill    Olmcls.. 

Chuck,  for  drilla  J  and  under, 
Price $1.50 

Chuck,  for  drills  )  and  under, 

Price 82-25 

They  are  made  on  solid  ateel 

plug,  centered  and  readily  fitted 

to  Lathe  or  Drill  P runs. 

SEND  FOR  CIRCULAR. 


PIANOS! 


LOWEST  PRICES, 

EASIEST    TERMS    OP    PAYMENT, 

MOST  RELIABLE  INSTRUMENTS.  Old  Pianos  taken  aa  firel 
payment  for  new.  All  Instruments  fully  warranted.  Tuning  and 
Repairing.    Pianos  at  Wholesale. 


WALTER  S.  PIERCE,  30  New  Montgomery  St.,  Palace.Hotel,.S.  F. 


A.  S.  HALLIDiE, 

Office,  No.  6  CaJ,Uw;niaVstreet, 


Iron  and  Steel  Wire  Rope, 

Flat  and  Round,  for  Mining^ hipping, 
Soisling  and  Gamnr^poses. 

Having  thi^iuoSt  cVlTjileto  VmO  exUmivt 
Wica'ffuV  ttirki  iJ  thAlJmte.l  SUtet.  I  ma 
prepkwlSD  mihBfaJtara  Wiro  Tjipo  mil  Cable, 
of  an Ajjiigtu  or  aizo  at  short  notice,  and  guar, 
anteo  tho  quality  and  irorkmanahip  equal,  to 
any  mado  at  homo  or  abrQadr~>w 

Iron,  Steel-^4jri\G^va)ized  Wira 

Of  all  bvca  ok  han<\or-tuado  to  order. 

Barli^Tence 

Solo  Tropri 

Hallidie^s-rEadle 

*3TSenM)r  arfcircnlar. 

A.  S.  HALLIDIE. 

Qffleo,  No.  O  California  St.,  San  Franclsca 


way, 


STEVENOT'S 

Fine  Gold  Amalgamator. 

Adapted  for  Ores,  Tailings.  Slimes,  Etc. 

Unequaled  for  Cheapness,  Lightness  and 
Practical    Results. 


No  mechanism  required  tp  run  it.  Worked  entirely  by 
pressure  of  water  throwing  tho  ore  forcibly  on  to  and 
borough  a  body  of  mercury. 

E.  J£.  STEVENOT, 

Chemist  and  Mining  Engineer, 

304  Montgomery  St.,  San  Francisco. 

REPORTS  MADE  ON  MIXES.  Quartz  Mills,  and 
Works  of  every  description  started. 

W.   T.   GARRATT'S 

BRASS  and  BELL  FOUNDRY 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 

MANUFACTURER  AND  IMPORTER  OF 

Church  and  Steamboat  BELLS  and  GONGS 
BRASS  CASTINGS  of  all  kinds, 
WATER  GATES.   GAS  GATES, 
FIRE  HYDRANTS, 

DOCK  HYDRANTS, 

GARDEN  HYDRANTS 

General   Assortment    ol    Engineers'   Findings. 

Hooker's    Patent 
Celebrated 

STEAM  PUMP 

&3TTha  Best  and  Most 
Durable  in  use.  Also, 
a  variety  of  other 


For  Mining  and  Farm- 
ing Purposes. 

ROOT'S  BLAST  BLOWERS, 

For  Ventilating  Mines  and  for  Smelting  Works. 

HYDRAULIC    PIPES    AND     NOZZLES, 

For  Mining  Purposes. 

Garratt's    Improved    Journal    Metal. 

IMPORTER  OF 

IRON  PIPE  AND  MALLEABLE    IRON    FITTINGS. 

ALL   KINDS   Or" 

WORK  AND  COMPOSITION  NAILS, 

AT  LOWEST  RATES. 

Srttlrrs  and  others  wishing  (rood  farming  lands  for 
gure  crops,  are  referred  to  Mr.  Edward  FriBbie,  of  Ander- 
-on,  Shasta  County,  Cal.,  who  has  some  15.000  acres  for 
sale  in  the  Upper  Sacramento  valley.  His  advertisement 
appears  from  time  to  time  in  this  paper. 


278 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[April  26,   1879. 


Iron  and  Machine  tyorfc 

THOS.  PENDEUGAST.  HENRY  S.  SMITH. 

/ETNA    IRON    WORKS, 


MANUFACTUKBRS  OP 

IRON  CASTINGS 

and      MACHINERY 

OF  ALL  KINDS. 

Fremont  Street,  Bet.  Howard  and  Folsom, 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 

SACRAMENTO  BOILER   WORKS, 

214  &  216  BEALE  St.,  (rear  of  ^Itna  Foundry) 

J.  V.  HALL, 

PRACTICAL    BOILER    MAKER, 

Marine,  Stationary  and  Portable  Boilers,  Smoke  Stacka, 

Hvdraulic  Pipe,   Oil   or  Water  Tanks,    Ore  and 

Water  Buckets,  Gasometers,  Girders,  Bridges 

and    Iron    Ship    Building. 

ALL    KINDS    OF   SHEET    IRON    WORK. 

Repairing    promptly    attended    to    at    the 
lowest    possible    terms. 

UNION  IRON  WORKS, 

SACRAMENTO,    CAL. 
ROOT,    NEILSON    &    CO., 

MANUFACTURERS  OF 

STEAM    ENGINES,  BOILERS    AND    ALL 

Kinds  of  Machinery  for  Mining   Purposes. 

Flouring  Mills',  Saw  Mills'  and  Quartz  Mills'  Machinery 

constructed,  fitted  up  and  repaired. 

Front  Street,  Between  N  and  O  StreetB, 

SACRAMENTO,     CAL. 


PHELPS 
MANUFACTURING    COMPANY. 

Manufacturers  of  all  kinds  of 

Wharf  and  Bridge  Bolts,    Railroad  Trestle 

Work.   Car  Frames  and  Bolts,  Machine 

Bolts,   Set  Screws    and    Tap  Bolts, 

Lag    or    Coach    Screws. 

ALL  STYLES   OF  FANCY  HEAD  BOLTS. 

HOT  AND    COLD    PRESSED    HEXAGONAL   AND 

SQUARE    NUTS,    WASHERS,    BOLT    ENDS, 

TURNBUCK.LES,    ETC.,    ETC. 

13, 15  and  17  Drumm  St.,  near  California, 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 


Golden  State  &  Miners  Iron  Works, 

Manufacture  Iron  Castings  and  Machinery 
of  all  Kinds  at  Greatly  Reduced  Rates. 

STEVENSON'S  PATENT  • 

Mold-Board  AMALGAMATORS, 
Golden  State  Pressure  Blowers. 

First  St..  between  Howard  &  Folsom,  S.  F. 


Wm.  H.  Birch. 


John  Argall. 


California    Machine   Works, 
BIRCH,    ARGALL    &    CO., 

119  Beale  Street,  San  Francisco. 

£5TGeueral-  Mechanical  Engineers  and  Machinists. 
Steam  Engines,  Flour,  Quartz  and  Mining  Machinery. 
Sole  manufacturers  of  Brodie's  Patent  Rock  Crushers  and 
Steel-Faced  Tappits.  Steam,  Hydraulic  and  Sidewalk 
Elevators.     Repairing  promptly  attended  to. 


California    Brass    Foundry, 

No.  125  First  Street,  Opposite  Minna. 
SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 

All  kinds  of  Brass,  Composition,  Zinc,  and  Babbitt 
Metal  Castings,  Brass  Ship  Work  of  all  kinds,  Spikes 
Bheathing  Nails,  Rudder  Braces,  Hinges,  Ship  and  Steam- 
boat Bells  and  Gongs  of  superior  tone.  All  kinds  of  Cocks 
and  Valves,  Hydraulic  Pipes  and  Nozzles,  and  Hose  Coup- 
lings and  Connections  of  all  sizes  and  patterns  furnishpd 
with  dispatch.  ^.PRICES  MODERATE  -t£& 

J.  H.  WEED.  V.  KING  WELL. 

STEAM  ENGINES  AND  BOILERS 

Of  all  sizeB — from  2  to  60-Hor9e  power.  Also,  Quartz 
Mills,  Mining  Pumps,  Hoisting  Machinery,  Shafting,  Iron 
Tanks,  etc.    For  sale  at  the  lowest  prices  by 

J.    HBNDY,  49  and  51  Fremont  Street,  S.  F. 


GEORGE  W.  PRESCOTT. 


IRVING  M.  SCOTT. 


H.  T.  SCOTT. 


THOMAS  THOMPSON. 


THORNTON  THOMPSON. 


THOMPSON    BROTHERS, 

EUREKA    FOUNDRY, 

129  and  131  Beale  St.,  between  Mission  and  Howard,  S.  F 

MANUFACTURERS  OF  CASTINGS  OF  EVERY  DESCRIPTION. 


WIND  Mill  0ne  of  the  best  matIe  il1  thi3  State 
'  l"w  "l '  ■-  u"  for  sale  cheap  on  easy  terms,  Ad- 
dress, W.  T.  care  of  Dewey  &  Co.,  S.  F. 


Union    Iron    Works. 

Office,  61  First  St.  |  Cor.  First  &  Mission  Sts.,  S.  F.  |  p.   o.   Box,  2128. 


BUILDERS     OF 


Steam,    Air   and    Hydraulic    Machinery. 

Home  Industry.— All  Work  Tested  and  Guaranteed. 


Vertical  Engines, 

Baby  Hoists, 

Stamps, 

Horizontal  Engines, 

Ventilating  Fans, 

Pans, 

Automatic  Cut-off  Engines, 

Rock  Breakers, 

Settlers, 

Compound  Condensing  Engines, 

Self-Feeders, 

Betorts, 

Shafting, 

Pulleys, 

Etc.,  Etc. 

TRY    OUR    MAKE,  CHEAPEST   AND    BEST    IN    USE. 
Send  for  Late  Circulars.  PRESCOTT,  SCOTT  &  CO. 


"W  i  1 1  i  a  m      H  a  w  k:  i  n  s , 

Successor  to 

HAWKIlsTS  3c  CAITTRELL, 

MACHINE      WO  R  KS, 

210  and  212  Beale  Street,  bet.  Howard  and  Folsom  Sts.,    -    -    San  Francisco. 

Manufacturers    of 

IMPROVED    PORTABLE    HOISTING    ENGINES, 

For  Mining  and  Other  Purposes. 
Steam  Engines  and  all  Kinds  of  Mil]  and  Mining  Machinery. 


Pacific  Rolling  Mill  Co., 

SAN    FRANCISCO,    CAL. 

MANUFACTURERS    OF 

RAILROAD  AND    MERCHANT  IRON, 

ROLLED  BEAMS,  ANGLE,  CHANNEL  AND  T  IRON,  BRIDGE  AND  MACHINE  BOLTS,  LAG  SCREWS,  NUTS 
WASHERS,  ETC.,  STEAMBOAT   SHAFTS,  CRANKS,  PISTONS,  CONNECTING    RODS,  ETC.,  ETC. 

Car  and  Locomotive  Axles  and  Frames,  and  Hammered  Iron  of  Every  Description. 

HIGHEST    PRICE    PAID    FOR    SCRAP    IRON. 
IS"  Orders  Solicited  and  Promptly  Executed.  Office,  No.  16  FIRST  STREET. 


Fulton    Iron    Works. 

Hinckley,  Spiers  &  Hayes. 

(ESTABLISHED    IN    1855.) 

Works,  Fremont  and  Howard  Sts.  1  San  Francisco,  Cal.  |  Office,  No.  213  Fremont  St. 


MANUFACTURERS    OF 


Pans,  Settlers,  Furnaces,  Retorts,  Concentrators,  Ore 
Feeders,  Rock  Breakers,  Furnaces  lor  Reducing  OreB 
Water  Jackets,  Etc. 


Sugar  Machinery. 


Crushing  Rolls,  Clarifiers,  Vacuum  Pans,  Air  Pumps, 
Concentrators,  Bag  Filters,  Charcoal  Filters,  Blow-up 
Tanks,  Coolers  and  Receiving  Tanks. 


Marine  Engines  and  Boilers, 

Propeller  Engines  either  High  Pressure  or  Com- 
pound Stern  or  Side  Wheel  Engines. 

Mining  Machinery. 

Hoisting  Engines -and  Works,  Cages,  Ore  Buckets,  Ore 
Cars,  Pumping  Engines  and  Pumps,  Water  Buckets, 
Pump  Columns,  Air  Compressors,  Air  Receivers, 
Air   Pipes. 

Mill  Machinery. 

Batteries  for  Dry  or    Wet  Crushing,    Amalgamating 

En  Clin  PC     and     RniloPC    of  all  kinds,  either  for  use  on  Steamboats  and  made  in  accordance  with  the 
1 1  y  1 1 1 C  o     a  1 1 U     UUilClo  Act  of  Congress  regulating  the  same,  or  for  use  on  land.  Water  Pipe,  Pump 
or  Air  Column,  Fish  Tanks  for  Salmon  Canneries  of  every  description. 
Boiler  repairs  promptly  attended  to  and  at  very  moderate  rates. 


Miscellaneous   Machinery. 


Flour  Mill  Machinery,  Saw  Mill  Engines  and  Boilers, 
Dredging  Machinery,  Oil  Well  Retorts,  Powder  Mill  Ma- 
chinery, Water  Wheels. 


PACIFIC    IRON    WORKS, 

First  and  Fremont  Streets,  between  Mission  and  Howard,  San  Francisco,  Cal., 
RANKIN,    BRAYTON    &    CO., 

Manufacturers    of 

ENGINES,  BOILERS,   MARINE   AND    STATIONARY.      PUMPING,   HOISTING,  AND    MINING    MACHINERY 

INCLUDING  BATTERIES,  AMALGAMATING  PANS  AND  SETTLERS,  CONCENTRATORS,  ORE  FEEDERS, 

CRUSHING  ROLLS  AND  ROCK  BREAKERT.    ALSO,  WATER  JACKET  SMELTING  FURNACES, 

FOR  REDUCING  LEAD,  SILVER  AND    COPPER   ORES,  QUICKSILVER   FURNACES, 

RETORTS  AND  CONDENSERS,  ROASTING  AND   CHLORIDIZING  FURNACES, 

SUGAR    MILL    MACHINERi,  WATER    WHEELS,  Etc.,  ALL    OF    THE 

LATEST  AND  MOST  IMPROVED  CONSTRUCTION. 

Agents  for  the  Allen  Engine  Governor,  Bailey  Air  Compressor,  Howell's 
Improved  "White  Furnaces,  "Walker's  Compound  Steam  Pumps,  Etc. 


Western  Iron.  "\7K7"orls.s, 

316     and     318     Mission     Street,     San     Francisco, 

PERRY  EDWARDS.  Prop'r. 

Manufacturer  of  Wrought  Iron  Girders.  Trusses,   Prison   Cells,  Iron  Roofs,  Crest 
Railings,  Finials,  Fences,  Weathervanes,  Gratings,  Iron  Work  for  Models,  Etc. 

Nickel  Plated  Railings.        Bank  and  Store  Fittings.       Estimates  given  and  Iron  Work  furnished  for  Buildings. 


Take  the  Paper  that  stands  by  your  in- 
terests. 


Dewey  &  Co.  {s^st}  Patent  Ag'ts, 


Corner  Beale  and  Howard  Sts., 


SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 

W.  H.  TAYLOR,  Pree't.  JOSEPH  MOORE,  Sup't. 

Builders  of  Steam  Machinery 

In  all  its  Branches, 

Steamboat,  Steamship,  Land 

Engines  and  Boilers, 

HIGH 'PRESSURE  OR  COMPOUND. 


STEAM  VESSELS,  of  all.  kinds,  built  complete  with 
Hulls  of  Wood,  Iron  or  Composite. 

ORDINARY  ENGINES  compounded  when  ad- 
visable. 

STEAM  LATJNCHES,  Barges  and  Steam  Tugs  con- 
structed with  reference  to  the  Trade  in  which  they  are 
to  be  employed.  Speed,  tonnage  and  draft  of  water 
guaranteed. 

STEAM  BOILERS.  Particular  attention  given  to 
the  quality  of  the  material  and  workmanship,  and  none 
but  first-class  work  produced. 

SUGAR-  MILLS  AND  SUGAR-MAKING 
MACHINERY  made  after  the  most  approved  plans. 
Also,  all  Boiler  Iron  Work  connected  therewith. 

WATER  PIPE,  of  Boiler  or  Sheet  Iron,  of  any  Bize 
made  in  suitable  lengths  for  connecting  together, 
sheets  rolled,  punched,  and  packed  for  shipment  ready 
to  be  riveted  on  the  ground. 

HYDRAULIC  RIVETING.  Boiler  Work  and 
Water  Pipe  made  by  this  establishment,  riveted  by 
Hydraulic  Riveting  Machinery,  that  quality  of  work 
being  far  superior  to  hand  work. 

SHIP  "WORK.  Ship  and  Stpam  Capstains,  Steam 
Winches,  Air  and  Circulating  Pumps,  made  after  the 
most  approved  plans. 

PUMPS.  Direct  Acting  Pumps,  for  Irrigation  or  City 
Water  Works  purposes,  built  with  the  celebrated  Davy 
Valve  Motion,  superior  to  any  other  Pump. 


Electric  Model  &  Machine  Works 

Inventors  and    others  can  pet  First-Class 
Work  at  Moderate  Prices. 

After  10  years  experience  with  inventions  and  other 
mechanical  work,  1  am  fully  prepared  to  execute  draw- 
ings, working-models  and  fine  machinery  of  any  descrip- 
tion to  entire  satisfaction. 

Brass  Finishing,  Pattern  Making,  Gear  Cutting,  Tele- 
graphic and  other  Electrical  Apparatus  by  competent 
workmen. 

TELEPHONES    TO    ORDER. 
F.  W.  FULLER,  415  Market  Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


Main    Street    Iron    Works, 

WM.    DEACON,    PROPRIETOR. 

Nob.  131, 133  &  136  Main  St.,  San  Francisco. 

Stationary  and  Marine  Engines, 

Shafting,  Pulleys,  and  General  Machine  Work.  Jobbing 
and  repairing  done  Promptly  and  at  Lowest  Rates. 
Screw  Propellors,  Propellor  and  Steamboat  Engines. 

SAW  MILLS  and  SAW  MILL  MACHINERY. 


IJX12 

7x12 

2       9x14  ^  J 
V10xl4 

"S  I  7x12 
3.-;  Sxi2 
5  9x14 
q  U0xl4 


BERRY  i  PUCE 


Market,  head  of  Front  Street,  San  Francisco, 


Diamond    Drill    Co. 

The  undersigned,  owners  of  LESCHOT'S  PATENT 
for  DIAMOND  POINTED  DRILLS,  now  brought  to  the 
highest  state  of  perfection,  are  prepared  to  fill  orders 
for  the  IMPROVED  PROSPECTING  AND  TUNNELING 
DRILLS,  with  or  without  power,  at  short  notice,  and 
at  reduced  prices.  Abundant  testimony  furnished  of 
the  great  economy  and  successful  working  of  numerous 
machines  in  operation  in  the  quartz  and  gravel  mines 
on  this  coast.  Circulars  forwarded,  and  full  infor- 
mation given  upon  application. 

A.  J.  SEVERANCE  &  CO. 
Office,  No.  320  Sansome  street,  Room  10. 


GOLD    MINE    WANTED. 

Ono  now  paying  more  than  expenses.    Addres 

W.    S.    KBYES,    M.    B., 
No.  310  Pine  St.,  Room  42,   San  Francisco 

California  Inventors  ™: 

ican  and  Foreign  Patent  Solicitors.  Established  in 
1860.  Their  long  experience  as  journalists  and  large  prac- 
tice as  patent  attorneys  enables  them  to  offer  Pncific  Coast 
inventors  far  better  service  than  they  can  obtain  else- 
where. Send  for  free  circulars  of  information.  Office  of 
the  Mining  and  Scientific  Press  and  Pacific  Rural 
Press,  No.  202  Sansomo  St.,  San  Francisco. 


April  26,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


279 


Mining  Machinery-  Depot, 


PARKLE  dfe 


No.  417  Market  Street,  San  Francisco. 


NO.    7    IMPROVED 


^VIR  compressor. 


With  Adjustable  Cut-off  Poppet  Valve  Engine,  and  Forced  Iron  Crank  Shafts. 


SPECIAL    ADVANTAGES. 

Absolute  certainty  in  the  action  of  the  valves  at  any  speed.  Perfect  delivery  of  the  air  at  any 
speed  or  pressure.  The  heating  of  the  air  entirely  prevented  at  any  pressure.  Takes  less  water  to 
cool  the  air  than  any  other  Compressor. 

Power  applied  to  the  best  advantage.  Access  obtainable  to  all  the  valves  by  removing  air  chest 
covers.  Entire  absence  of  springs  or  friction  to  open  or  shut  the  valves.  No  valve  stems  to  break 
and  drop  inside  of  cyliuders. 

Have  no  back  or  front  heads  to  break.  The  only  Machine  that  makes  a  perfect  diagram.  No 
expensive  foundations  required.     Absolute  economy  in  first  cost  and  after  working. 

Displacements  in  air  cylinder  perfect.  Showing  less  leakage  and  friction  than  our  competitors 
and  a  superior  economy  of  about  20  per  cent. 

Small  Sizes  made  in  Sections  not  to  Exceed  300  lbs. 


RUSSELL'S  AMALGAMATOR. 


THE  SAFETY  POWDER  COMPANY, 


San  Francisco,  Cal. 


Patented  June  25th,   1878. 

SAVE    IrTOTTIR,    G-OL3D 
And    Also    SAVE    YOUR    QUICKSILVER. 

The  above  Washer  and  Amalgamator  with  new  patent  Wire  Bridge  Quicksilver  Boxes  attached,  can  be  worked 
wet  or  dry,  either  by  hand,  steam,  horae  or  water  power,  and  is  easily  taken  apart  and  packed.  For  washing-  Pulp, 
Earth,  Gravel,  Mill  Tailings  or  Black  Sand,  it  is  without  a  rival. 

Has  been  Thoroughly  Tested  and  given  Complete  Satisfaction. 


The  entire  Lining,  Hanging  PlateB,  Riffles  and  Boxes  Amalgamated 

IS    GUARANTEED    TO  SAVE    THE    FINEST    OR    FLOAT    GOLD. 

Capacity,  30  to  60  tons  per  day,  according  to  size.     For  further  particulars  apply  to 

J.  MORIZIO,  Gen'l  Agt.. 

Room  24,  Sale  Deposit  Building,  Corner  Montgomery  and  California  Streets,   SAN  FRANCISCO. 


SANDERSON  BROS.  &  CO.'S 

Best  Refined.  Cast-Steel. 

Warranted  Most  Superior  for  Drills,  Hammers,  Etc. 

A  full  and   complete  stock  of  this  reliable  and  well-known 
brand  of  Steel,  for  mining  and  other  uses,  now  in  stock  and  for  sale 

At  No.  417  Market  St.,  S.  F.,   •   H.  D.  Morris,  Agent. 


San   Francisco   Pioneer  Screen   Works, 

J.  W.  QUICK;  Manufacturer, 

Several  first  premiums  received 
for  Quartz  Mill  Screens*,  and  Per- 
forated Sheet  Metals  of  every 
description.  I  would  call  special 
I  uttuntion  to  my  SLOT  OUT  and 
SLOT  PUNCHED  SCREENS, 
I  which  are  attracting  much  at- 
I  tention  and  giving  universal 
I  satisfaction.  This  is  the  only 
|  establishment  on  the  coast  de- 
voted exclusively  to  the  manufac- 
ture of  Screens.  Mill  owners  using  Battery  Screens  exten- 
sively can  contract  for  large  supplies  at  favorable  rates. 
Orders  solicited  and  promptly  attended  to. 

32  Fremont  Street.  San  Francisco. 


«ii 


Good  land  that  will  raise  a  crop  every 
year.  Over  14,000  acres  for  sale  in  lots  to 
suit.  Climate  healthy.  No  drouths,  bad 
floods,  nor  malaria.  Wood  and  water 
convenient.  U.  S.  Title,  perfect.  Send  stamp  for  illus- 
trated circular,  to  EDWARD  FRISBIE,  Proprietor  of 
Beading  Ranch,  Anderson,  Shasta  County,  Cal. 


LAND 


THE    AMERICAN 

TUE1III 


AH  sizes, 
and  adapted  to 

from         _  _      . 

tf&     Water  Wheels 


THE  BEST  IN  THE 
WORLD  ! 

Send  for  our  Circular 
and  Prices. 

BERRY  &  PLACE. 

Market  St.,  Head  oi  Front, 

San  Francisco. 


CARTRIDGE. 


GEN.  W.  S.  R0SECRANS, 
President. 


Fuse  Lighter  and  Fuse. 


Safety   Cap  and  Fuse. 


COL.  SANI'L  0.  GREGORY, 
Secretary. 


Electric  Cap. 


Safety  Powder,  Caps,  Electric  Caps,  and  Fuse  Lighters. 

Under  a  series  of  U.  S.  Patents,  after  long  and  carefully  conducted  experiments  and  thou- 
sands of  tests,  this  Company  is  prepared  to  manufacture  and  supply,  for  Mining  and  Engineering 
Works,  the  above  named  articles  at  prices  and  on  terms  as  favorable  as  articles  of  similar  grades 
are  now  supplied  in  this  market.  Our  Powders  contain  no  Nitro-glyceriue,  no  Nitroline,  no  Gun 
Cotton,  no  Fulminates,  and  are  free  from  the  unavoidable  dangers  in  manufacturing 
transporting,  handling  and  using  of  all  high  grade  explosives  which  contain  those  elements, 

Cold  does  not  affect  them.  They  cause  no  headaches  or  other  inconveniences  in  handling, 
and  the  smoke  from  their  explosion  contains  no  poisoning  or  sickening  vapors. 

Their  blasting  force,  with  slight  tamping,  at  least  equals  that  of  any  Powders  now  used,  but 
they  admit  and  require  strong  tamping  to  bring  out  their  immense  and  peculiar  lifting  power 
which  follows  their  detonating  work.     They  should  be  fired,  therefore,  by  our 

Safety   Cap, 

Which  allows  tamping  without  danger.  They  can  be  fired  by  any  caps  now  employed  in  blasting, 
but  the  use  of  these  is  always  dangerous  with  any  Powder,  and  the  loss  of  the  throwing  (power 
resulting  from  lack  of  tamping  renders  it  with  our  Powders  doubly  objectionable. 

Our  SAFETY  CAPS  have  twice  or  thrice  the  force  of  triple  Giant  Caps.  When  set  on  fire 
they  do   not  explode,  but  merely  burn  off,  and  are  perfectly  safe  in  transporting  and  in  tamping. 

In  round  tin  boxes,  50  cents. 

The  Safety   Fuse   Lighter, 

Cheap,  handy  and  sure  to  light  the  Fuse  upon  the  end  of  which  it  is  fastened,  only  needs  a  trial 
to  be  appreciated  by  every  miner  who  is  up  to  "snuffs."    25  Cents  per  boxj  sent  by  mail. 

Safety   Fuse, 

Equal  to  the  best  iu  the  market,  will  be  supplied  at  the  lowest  market  prices. 


In  consequence  of  spurious  imitations  of 

LEA    AND    PERRINS'    SAUCE, 

which  are  calculated  to  deceive  the  Public,  Lea  and  Perrins 
have  adopted  A  NE  W  LABEL,  bearing  their  Signature, 
thus. 


dZcaxXzir. 


which  is  placed  on  every  bottle  of  WORCESTERSHIRE 
SA  UCE,  and  without  which  none  is  genuine. 

AsiforLEA  &•  PERRIiVS'  Sauce,  and  see  Name  on  Wrapper,  Label,  Bottle  and  Stopper. 
Wholesale  and  for  Export  by  the  Proprietors,  Worcester;  Crosse  and  Black-well,  London, 
cVtr.,  &c;  and  by  Grocers  and  Oilmen  throu-hout  the  World. 

To  be  obtained  of  CROSS  &  CO..   San  Francisco. 


280 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[April  26,   1879. 


A.  L.  FISH  &  CO.,  9  and  1 1  First  St.,  S.  F.,  Cal. 

AIR     COMPRESSORS 


J3Lir  Column, 

Steam 
PUMPS, 

AND 

Pump  Column, 
STEAM 

Fire  Engines 


BACON'S  HOISTING   ENGINE. 

tecially  adapted  to  use  in  Mines,  Hotels,  Factories  and 
Steamships,  with  BACON'S  SAFETY  STOP. 


AND 


Hose"  Carts. 


LATHES,  PLAITES, 

ROCK  DRILLS,  Etc. 

STEAM     HAMMERS, 

ENGINE 

Governors, 

WINE, 
CIDER, 

AND 

1  UNION    ROCK    DRILL 

We  guarantee  to  raise  Water  with  these  PumpB  1,000  feet,        Lard    PrGSSeS.     We  °fler  this  M  ",e  Lea8t  ComPllcated  anl1  Moa 
single  lift,  without  shock  or  jar  on  Pumpsor  Pipes.  Durable  Rock  Drill  yet  introduced. 


ENGINES,    BOILERS,    QUARTZ    MILLS,    SAW    MILLS,    &c,    &c. 


VULCAN  BLASTING  POWDER. 

The  Strongest,  Safest,  Most  Uniform  and  Reliable  "HIGH 
EXPLOSIVE"  Manufactured  on  the  Coast. 

MINERS  TESTIFY  THAT  IT  IS    FREE   FROM   OBJECTIONABLE  FUMES. 

We  call  the  attention  of  all  desiring  such  a  Powder  to  our  various  grades,  which 
we  are  prepared  to  tell  at  LOWEST  RATES. 

N*       I Equalling:  Liquid  Nitro-Glyceriue  in  Strength.     We  recommend  this 
"•     "  •        Grade  in  extremely  hard  rock,  boulders,  iron,  etc. 

Mn     O         Will  do  the  work  thoroughly   in   all  hut    the   hardest   kinds    of 
n U.   C.       r0l,k 

Ma      Q  For   bench  work,   pipe-clay,   soft  and  shelly    rock,  outside    work 

l»Ui    Q.         an(i  quarrying. 

Single  and   Triple   Force  Caps,   Fuse  of  all  Grades,  Vulcan 

Powder  Thawing1  Boxes,  Batteries  and  Exploders, 

For  Sale  at  the  Lowest  Rates. 

VULCAN    POWDER    COMPANY, 

Office,  123  California  Street,  Rooms  25  and  26,      -      -      SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 


Foundry  ui  Mm\  Work 


GIOYANNINI  &   CO., 

417  and  419  Mission  Street.    -    -    SAN  FRANCISCO. 


The  attention  of  our  customers  and  especially  of  those  interested  in 
Water  Works,  Gas  Works  or  Mines  is  respectfully  called  to  our  very  im- 
portant improvement  in  the  construction  of  Stop  Valves  (or  Gates).  They 
differ  from  all  others  in  that  tin  inner  fac^s  are  perfectly  parallel,  there- 
fore when  the  Gate  or  Valve  is  to  be  opened,  at  the  first  movement  of  the 
screw  the  center  block  (see  cut)  releases  the  disks  from  their  bearings,  so 
that  they  will  move  easily  and  prevent  the  wearing  of  the  inner  faces. 

This  Gate  has  Droved  very  efficient  in  Pipes  of  all  sizes,  and  und^rany 
pressure  and  from  its  double  form  and  perfect  joint  formation  is  especially 
valuable  for  use  in  large  Pipes  tor  water,  steam  and  gas,  and  from  its 
avoidance  of  any  wedge  shaue  cannot  jam  at  any  point  see  cut). 

The  G.  A  IE.  Valves  (o  •  Gates)  have  ni  eiiual  in  simplicity  of  construc- 
tion of  all  working  parts,  ease  of  access  for  repairs,  and  durability. 

We  have  recently  enlarged  and'fitted  up  out- Brass  Foundry  and  Shop 
with  all  the  latest  improved  Tools  and  Machinery,  thus  greatly  increasing 
our  facilities  f"r  rapidly  executing  orders  for  ail  sizes  of  Stop  Valves  (or 
nates)  from  three-inch  to  four  fe.t  in  diameter,  or  any  size,  to  order.  We 
juavantee  them  to  give  better  satisfaction,  cost  less  money,  and  last 
longer  than  any  other  Valve  in  use. 

We  are  al  o  preDared  to  execute  all  orders  in  Brass  Work  for  Breweries, 
Distilleries,  Plumbers,  Gas  aud  Mining  Apparatus,  Ship  Work,  Soda  Ap- 
paratus, Steam  Fittings,  Meters,  Gauges  and  Indicators.  Also  in  Machine 
Pattern  and  Model  Making,  and  Clock  Work.  Gear  cut  to  ord_r.  Brass 
Castings  of  all  kinds.  We  are  confident  of  onr  ability,  and  all  orders  en- 
trusted to  us  will  be  executed  with  promptness  and  dispatch. 

GIOVANNINI  &  CO.,  417  &  419  Mission  St ,  S.  F. 
Liberal  Discount  to  the  Trade.  itSTSend  for  Circular. 


N.    W.    SPAULDING'S 


3K 


PATENT   DETACHABLE  TODTH    SAWS, 

Manfuactory.  17  &  19  Fremont  St.,  S.  F. 


This  paper  is  printed  with  Ink  furnished  by 
Chas.  Enou  Johnson  &  Co.,  509  South  10th 
St.,  Philade;phia  &J69  Gold  St.,  N.  Y. 


MANUFACTURED  BY 


HI.  -ROTER, 

Nos.  855,  857,  859  &  861  Eryaut  Street,  Cor.  Park  Avenue 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 


C  C.  Bitner's  Apparatus  for  Obtaining1  Met- 
allic Copper  from  its  Solutions. 
Patented  March  ISth,  1879-  Will  precipitate  with  3team  in 
three  hours,  requiring  no  machinery  to  run  it.  Oust  of  con- 
structing apparatus,  875.  The  old  cylinder  process  takes 
four  hours  to  precipitate  and  cost3  from  §1,2U0  to  §1,51)0  to 
construct,  besides  the  machinery  to  run  it.  For  right  to  use 
my  Precipitator  address  0.  C.  EITNJSR,  Spenceville,  Ne- 
vada County,  California. 


FOR  SALE. —4-sided  6-inch  Molding  Machine. 
Jackson's  Agricultural  Machine  Works,  S.  E.  corner  6th 
and  Bluxome  St. a. ,  San  Francisco. 


PATENT - 


Prevents  Lead  Poisoning 
and  Salivation. 


INVALUABLE  to  those  engaged  in  Dry  Crushing1 
Quartz  Mills,  Quicksilver  Mines,  Guano 
Works,  "White  Lead  Corrodine,  Feeding1 
Threshing  Machines  and  all  occupations  where  the 
surrounding  atmosphere  is  filled  with  dust,  obnoxious 
smells  or  poisonous  vapors.  The  Respirators)  are  sold 
subject  to  approval  after  trial,  and  if  not  satisfactory  the 
price  will  b«  refunded.  Price  $3  each,  or  $30  per 
dozen.    Kent  post-paid  to  auy  address  upon  receipt  of  price 

SETH  MARSHALL,  Jr.,  Agent, 

309  California  Street,   San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Send  for  Tleflcripfcive  Circulars  containing  testimonials 
of  well-known  parties  who  are  at  present  using  them. 


rUFACTUKED  UNDER  A   NOBEL'S  ORIGINAL  AND  ONLY  VALID  NITRO-GLYOERINE  PATENTS 
Nos.  ONE,    TWO    and    THREE. 
Stronger,    Better  and  Safer  than  any  other  High  Explosive. 

JncLson    Pov^dei? 

IS  NOW  USED  IN  ALL  LARGE  HYDRAULIC  CLAIMS. 

It  breaks  more  ground,  pulverizes  it  better,  saves  time  and  money,  and  is    superseding    the    ordinary 
powder  wherever  it  is  tried.    i3TTriple  Force  Caps  and  all  Grades  of  Fuse. 

BANDMANN,    NIELSEN    &    CO..  San  Francisco. 


Testimonials  as  to  the  perfect 
■working:  of  the  Concentrator  to  he 
seen  at  the  office. 


The  FRUE  ORE  CONCENTRATOR. 

Adams  &  Carter,  Agents. 

JOHN    M.    ADAMS.  WM.     P.    CARTER. 

MINING  AND  MECHANICAL  ENGINEERS. 

Room  7,   No.  109    California  St.,  San  Francisco.    P.  0.  Box  2,C6 


GARDNERS' 


Celebrated 


vernor 


These  Steam  Governors   have   long 
been  known  as  THE  BEST,  and 
as  lately  Improved  and  Per- 
fected, they  have  no  Rival. 

THE    SAFETY     STOP 

On  these  Governors  is  alone  worth  double  the  price  of 
the  Governor.    We  have  sold  over  six  hundred,  and 

Never  one  has  Failed. 

They  are  sold  at  the  same  price  (or  less)  as  ordinary 
Governors.     Send  for  Circular. 

BERRY   &   PLACE, 

Market,  head  of  Front  St.,  San  Francisco 


Books  for  Miners  and   Millmen, 

Kustel's  Roasting  of  Gold  and  Silver  Ores,  and 
the  extraction  of  their  respective  metals  without  quicksilver. 
Illustrated.  142  pages.  1870.  A  valuable  and  carelully 
written  work.  Postpaid,  §2.50.  Published  and  sold  by 
Dewey  &  Co.,  S.  F. 

Kustel's  Concentration  of  Ores  (of  all  kinds),  Inclu- 
ding the  Cbloiination  Process  for  gold-hearing  Bulphurets, 
ar^eniurets,  and  gold  and  si  ver  ores  generally,  with  121)  litho- 
graphic diagrams.  1867.  This  work  is  unequaled  by  any 
other  published  embracing  the  subjects  treated.  Post-paid, 
§7.50.    Printed  and  sold  by  Diwey  &  Co.,  S.  F. 

Phillii-s'  Explorers,  Miners  and  Metallurgists 
Companion,  comprising  a  practical  exposition  of  the  various 
departments  of  exploration,  mining,  engineering,  assaying 
and  metallurgy.  l<82  pages  and  8a  illustrations.  A  most 
valuable  and  comprehensive  book  of  reference  to  prospectors 
and  piactical  miners.  Post-paid,  §10.50.  Published  and 
sold  by  Dewey  &  Co.,  S.  F. 

A>ron's  TrSTiNO  and  Working  Silver  Ores.— Illus- 
trated. 1H  pages.  1876.  A  useful  and  practir  al  work,  free 
from  technicalities  and  extremely  serviceable  for  miners'  use. 
Post-paid,  §2.    Published  and  sold  by  Dewey  &  Co.,  S.  F. 

Copp's  Handbook  of  Mining  Laws.— Containing  the 
U.  S.  Mining  Laws,  Digest  of  Decisions,  Forms,  etc.  1877. 
Pocket  size  and  very  handy  and  convenieut  for  mlntrs. 
Post-paid,  SI.    Sold  by  Dew-y  &  Co.,  S.  F. 


The  Americanized  Arastra. 

A  cheap  Prospecting  Mill  for  working-  Gold  and  Silver 
Ores.  Call  and  see  it  or  send  for  Circulars  to  ALWARIN. 
E.  PAUL,  Room  20,  Safe  Deposit  Building,  SanFraDCiaco 


of  Mining, 


BY    DEWEY    A 


SAN  FRANCISCO,  SATURDAY,  MAT  3,  1879. 


volume  atacacvin 

Number    18. 


WenzelTs  Pneumatic  Clock  System. 

The  question  of  time  is  as  old  as  the  human 
race,  and  as  time  has  progressed  the  methods 
and  instruments  to  measure  time  have  been 
improved.  To  the  savage,  the  natural  division 
of  time  by  the  rolling  seasons  and  rising  and 
setting  of  the  sun,  were,  for  his  simple  wants, 
all- sufficient;  but  with  the  progress  of  civiliza- 
tion the  necessity  of  more  accurate  division  of 
the  day* was  indispensable.  The  sun  dial  and 
the  first  mechanical  contrivance  by  means  of  the 
Clepsydra,  or  water  clock,  as  also  the  sand  glass 
and  candle  clock,  were  among  the  first  devices 
to  obtain  time. 

Although  the  art  of  clock  making  has  reached 
such  perfection  at  the  present  day,  that  in 
clocks  of  the  best  construction — the  variation 
between  the  recorded  and  absolute  time  will  be 
only  a  few  seconds  during  the  entire  year — yet 
the  principle  of  construction  remains  the  same 
as  in  the  days  of  Galileo.  A  weight  continues 
to  be  used  for  obtaining  an  uniform  motive 
power,  and  the  long  pendulum  is  indispensable 
for  the  accurate  measurement  of  the  fleeting 
hours. 

These  conditions  of  movements  being  abso- 
lutely necessary,  it  is  impossible  to  manufacture 
the  motive  and  regulating  power  of  an  accurate 
time-piece  of  a  shape  or  size  at  all  adapted  (for 
the  requirements  of  a  modern  dwelling  house; 
and  so  a  substitute  has  been  found  iu  the  hand- 
some mantel  and  other  varieties  of  fancy  clocks, 
but  all  more  or  less  unreliable  as  time  keepers — 
requiring  a  great  deal  of  attention;  and,  when 
several  clocks  are  in  the  house,  frequently  the 
cause  of  considerable  inconvenience  and  dissat- 
isfaction from  it  being  impossible  to  tell  which 
clock  is  right. 

A  good  many  attempts  have  been  made  to 
obtain  an  uniform  system  of  time  registration  by 
all  the  clocks  in  one  house,  and  even  of  all  the 
public  clocks  of  a  city.  The  electric  clock  was 
introduced  by  Wheatstone  as  far  back  as  1840, 
and  promising  results  were  accomplished,  but 
their  practical  application  has  not  been  a  suc- 
cess, being  unreliable  as  time  keepers. 

A  California  inventor,  Mr.  Hermann  J.  Wen- 
zell,  finally  accomplished  the  long-sought  object 
by  devising  a  simple  and  unfailing  means  of 
obtaining  uniformity  of  time,  and  one  which 
the  experience  of  several  years  has  proved  prac- 
tical and  accurate.  The  system  is  so  reliable  in 
its  action  and  comprehensive  in  its  scope  that 
the  number  of  clock  faces  upon  which  it  is 
capable  of  showing  precisely  the  same  time,  as 
that  indicated  by  the  regulator,  is  practically 
unlimited. 

The  Wenzell  Pneumatic  or  air  clocks  are  now 
recognized  as  the  best  for  the  purposes  indica- 
ted. The  two  essential  parts  in  the  construc- 
tion of  a  good  clock  are  the  pendulum  and  weight, 
which  are  still  used  by  watchmakers  as  regula- 
tors, and  for  scientific  purposes.  The  ornamen- 
tal spring  mantel  clock  has  taken  the  place  of 
the  old  reliable  family  clock  in  our  parlors, 
and  a  very  cheap  one  has  been  placed  in  the 
kitchen;  but  as  both  are  being  run  by  a  spring 
which,  as  it  is  wound  up  or  run  down,  gives  an 
unequal  power,  a  spring  clock  is  not  as  good 
and  reliable  a  time-keeper  as  the  old  grand- 
father's clock. 

In  the  construction  of  a  regulator  for  run- 
ning clocks  by  air  pressure,  the  inventor  has 
made  use  of  the  advantages  of  the  old  principle, 
and  so  that  his  system  can  be  adapted  to  clocks 
of  any  design.  This  regulator  is  shown  in  the 
engraving  on  this  page. 

The  prominent  features  of  the  invention  may 
be  summarized  as  follows:  In  any  convenient 
portion  of  a  building  is  placed  a  regulator, 
which  is  connected  with  two  simple  air  pumps 
worked  by  wheel-work.  Attached  to  these 
pumps  is  a  pipe,  similar  to  a  small  gaspipe, 
with  connecting  branches.  These  pipes  can  be 
conducted  to  any  number  of  buildings,  and  to 
the  rooms  where  a  clock-face  is  required  to  be 
shown.  They  can  be  introduced  into  an  ordin- 
ary mantel  clock  mounting,  and  the  costly  but 
frequently  useless  works  contained  therein  be 
substituted  by  a  simple  face,  and  silent  motion 
communicated  to  the  hands  by  the  pulsations 
of  the  air  pumps  of  the  regulator  working  un- 


ceasingly and  infallibly  perhaps  far  away  in 
some  dark   closet. 

The  great  advantage  of  this  system  of  clock 
propulsion  is  this:  That  time  can  be  distrib- 
uted andjaccurately  recorded  all  over  a  house, 
or  a  city,  with  as  much  facility  and  certainty  as 
gas  or  water,  and  no  matter  how  numerous  the 
clock-faces  may  be,  it  is  the  regulator  alone 
that  requires  winding  once  a  week,  and  as  a  con- 
sequence every  other  face  will  show  the  same 
time,  to  a  second,  without  any  attention  what- 
ever. 

Should  the  winding  of  the  regulator  be  ne- 
glected, it  begins  to  strike  a  bell  for  the  last  2-4 
hours,  calling  for  attention. 

These  clock-faces  can  be  introduced  in  a  mir- 
ror, in  a  picture  frame,  on  the  wall,  on  the 
mant  ;1  of  a  room,  or  over  a  door,  or  suspended 
like  a  chandelier,  where  it  would  be  incouveni- 
ent  or  impossible  to  keep  ordinary  clockwork 
going.  The  clock-faces,  having  no  works, 
make  no  ticking  noise.  They  can  be  made 
transparent  to  show  the  time  at  night,  and  to 
strike   the    hours.     There  is    no   overwinding, 


Assaying  at  the  University. 

Some  time  ago  we  published  a  short  account 
of  the  College  of  Mines  of  the  University  of 
California,  and  called  attention  to  the  import, 
ance  of  the  work  of  education  it  was  doing  on 
tiiis  coast.  We  have  now  to  add  that  the  in- 
tention then  expressed,  of  adding  to  the  theo- 
retical instruction  received,  a  practical  course 
in  all  branches  of  assaying,  has  been  success 
fully  carried  out,  and  that  the  students  are  now 
actually  at  work  in  the  metallurgical  laboratory 
fitted  up  for  that  purpose.  It  was  hoped  to 
commence  the  present  course  in  the  large  labor- 
atories of  the  new  Mechanics-Mines  building, 
but  it  was  found  impossible  to  set  up  the  ap- 
paratus lately  brought  from  Germany  in  time  to 
permit  of  its  use  by  the  present  senior  class. 
Therefore  the  experimental  laboratory  has  been 
pressed  into  service,  and  will  continue  in  use 
the  remainder  of  the  term.     Still,  this  building 


WENZELL'S    REGULATOR    FOR    AIR    CLOCKS. 


breaking  of  springs,  or  use  of  keys,  and  in  fact 
no  repairs.  It  may  here  be  stated,  that  the  elec- 
trical clocks  at  the  New  City  Hall  have  by  no 
means  given  satisfaction,  and  the  Commissioners 
have  adopted  Wenzell's  Air  Clock  for  the  unfin- 
ished portion  of  the  building.  After  a  most 
thorough  examination  from  a  scientific  point  of 
view  the  St.  Iguatius  College  has  also  concluded 
to  introduce  the  clocks  in  the  new  building  on 
Hayes  street  and  Van  Ness  avenue.  In  the  pal- 
atial residence  of  Mrs.  Hopkins  no  less  than  35 
clocks,  each  of  a  different  design,  have  been  put 
up.  They  are  also  in  use  at  the  Nevada  Block, 
the  Baldwin  Hotel,  London  and  San  Francisco 
Bank,  San  Francisco  Verein,  Real  Estate  Asso- 
ciates Building,  German  Hospital,  etc.  Prac- 
tical working  for  several  years  in  these  and 
other  buildings,  prove  that  this  pneumatic  clock 
system  furnishes  correct  and  uniform  time  for 
public  or  private  buildings.  They  have  been 
also  introduced  in  Vienna  and  Paris  and  num- 
bers in  Europe.  These  clocks  and  regulator 
may  be  examined  in  detail  at  the  office  and 
manufactory  of  the  inventor,  No.  328  Kearny 
St.,  in  this  city. 


Track  on  the  Southern  Pacific  is  now  laid 
half  a  mile  east  of  Moricopa  wells,  and  regular 
trains  will  be  running  to  that  point  next  Mon- 
day. 


as  it  stands  is  fully  as  commodious  and  provides 
fully  equal  facilities  to  those  found  in  the  aver- 
age city  assay  offices.  The  building  is  divided 
into  three  apartments.  First,  a  room  for  analy- 
sis, wet  assaying,  mixing  and  weighing,  which 
is  furnished  with  an  extensive  and  varied  as- 
sortment of  crucibles,  scorifiers,  glass  ware  and 
other  apparatus  used  in  assaying;  second,  the 
weighing  room,  which  contains  besides  the  usual 
balances,  an  Oestling  and  a  Becker  balance; 
third,  the  furnace  room,  containing  a  medium 
sized  French  muffle  furnace  which  will  accomo- 
date eight  scorifiers,  a  small-sized  muffle  fur- 
nace and  two  crucible  furnaces.  The  class  is 
primarily  instructed  in  the  work  by  Prof. 
Becker.  They  tben  put  the  theory  into  actual 
practice  under  the  immediate  supervision  of 
Mr.  D  wight  Huntley,  who  has  had  an  extensive 
experience  in  assaying  both  in  San  Francisco 
and  Nevada,  and  is  therefore  eminently  fitted 
for  the  position  of  instructor. 

The  importance  of  a  School  of  Mines  on  this 
coast  makes  this  subject  peculiarly  interesting, 
for  it  is  an  assurance  that  the  college  is  the 
right  thing  in  the  right  place.  It  is  not  wholly 
theoretical  nor  yet  wholly  practical.  It  is 
demonstrably  a  combination  of  both  theory  and 
practice,  and  therefore  essentially  fitted  f orjturn- 
ing  out  competent  and  efficient  mining  en- 
gineers. 


The  Leadville  Mines. 

Remarkable  aB  the  mineral  deposits  about 
Leadville  unquestionably  are,  some  very  grave 
difficulties  and  drawbacks  seem  likely  to  de  m 
velop  themselves  as  the  work  of  exploration  and 
ore  reduction  proceeds  in  that  district.  First, 
the  climate,  because  of  the  great  altitude, 
presents  a  Berious  hindrance  to  cheap  and 
successful  mining  operations.  The  winters 
are  long  and  bitterly  cold,  the  snow  falling 
early  and  lying  for  several  months  to  a  great 
depth.  Nothing  of  a  useful  kind  can  be 
raised,  for  the  double  reason  that  there  is  no 
soil  and  that  killing  frosts  occur  every  night  in 
the  year.  Even  the  summers  are  disagreeable 
and  unfavorable  for  out-door  work,  rain  falling 
almost  every  afternoon  from  the  middle  of  June 
till  the  last  of  September.  As  at  all  great 
elevations  in  this  latitude,  pneumonia  and  other 
diseases  of  the  respiratory  organs  are  exceed- 
ingly prevalent  in  and  around  Leadville,  great 
numbers  having  suffered  from  these  complaints 
the  past  winter,  a  large  percentage  of  the  cases 
reaching  a  fatal  termination.  Neither  health 
nor  comfort  can  be  counted  upon  by  persons 
who,  north  of  the  fortieth  degree,  take  up  a 
residence  at  an   altitude  of   12,000  feet  or  more. 

Then  a  trouble  is  likely  to  be  encountered 
from  much  of  the  ore  obtained  here  having  too 
little  lead  to  insuro  its  successful  smelting. 
With  less  than  25%  of  this  metal  for  a  flux  it  ib 
difficult  to  reduce  these  carbonate  ores  by  this 
method.  While  much  of  the  ore  from  these 
mines  carries  a  large  proportion  of  lead,  the 
majority  carries  less  than  20%  and  cannot  there- 
fore be  successfully  smelted.  That  these  ores 
will,  with  depth,  grow  richer  in  lead  can  hardly 
be  hoped  for,  as  this  would  run  counter  to  oast 
experience  in  this  class  of  deposits.  Every- 
thing considered,  Leadville,  now  so  crowded 
and  bustling,  does  not  seem  likely  to  grow  into 
a  town  of  very  large  dimensions.  When  all 
the  grounds  around  it  shaU  have  been  taken  up 
and  there  is  nothing  more  to  attract  prospectors  to 
the  vicinage,  or  even  retain  those  already  there, 
its  population  will  be  diminished,  only  such 
remaining  as  can  get  work  or  as  have  secured 
locations  requiring  their  presence.  The  number 
of  furnaces  to  be  erected  on  the  spot  will  de- 
pend upon  the  quantity  of  self -fluxing  ore  these 
mines  shall  afford.  If  this  shall  turn  out  to  be 
large  these  establishments  will  be  numerous,  and 
vice  versa.  In  any  event,  a  great  deal  of  ore 
will  be  sent  elsewhere  for  reduction,  that  is,  if 
it  shall  be  found  rich  enough  in  silver  to  bear 
cost  of  transportation.  A  careful  survey  of  the 
field  discloses  to  our  view  very  little  in  these 
Leadville  mines  that  ought  to  greatly  excite  the 
California  capitalist,  speculator,  or  prospector. 

Mining  Near  Reading. — A  mile  and  a  half 
above  Reading,  on  the  west  bank  of  the  Sacra" 
mento  river,  are  the  hydraulic  claims  of  Bres- 
lauer  &  Tiffan.  Their  ditch  is  only  one  mile 
long.  This,  with  the  reservoir  near  the  claim, 
gives  plenty  of  water,  with  a  moderate  fall,  du- 
ring the  rainy  season.  They  have  a  fine  and 
coarse  red  gravel  bank  extending  some  30  feet 
above  bedrock,  and  wash  through  a  100-foot 
bedrock  tunnel,  with  several  hundred  feet  of 
two-foot  flume,  dumping  into  the  river.  A 
clean-up  for  the  season  will  be  made  in  about 
two  weeks,  when  a  good  paying  yield  is  confi- 
dently looked  for.  From  general  appearances, 
and  the  best  information  obtainable,  we  should 
judge  a  large  amount  of  ground  is  yet  to  be 
worked  successfully  in  the  vicinity  of  Reading. 
The  only  question  seems  to  be  as  to  a  large  and 
cheap  supply  of  water. 

Concluded  to  Keep  It.— The  owners  of  the 
Hite  mine,  after  offering  it  for  sale  in  the  East, 
have  withdrawn  it  from  market,  a  valuable 
body  of  ore  having  lately  been  developed  in  the 
mine.  This  property  is  situated  in  Mariposa 
county.  California,  and  has  yielded  the  owners 
to  date  over  a  million  in  dividends. 


The  Colliusville  canning  factory  startsup 
this  week.  The  run  of  salmon  up  to  this  time 
has  been  small. 


282 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


|May  3,  1879. 


The  Valley  of  the  Gunnison. 

The  valley  of  the  Gunnison  is  described  by 
all  who  have  visited  it  as  a  paradise  compared 
with  the  Leadville  plateau.  The  altitude  is  not 
so  great  by  several  thousand  feet,  and  the  soil 
is  as  rich  as  that  of  any  of  the  Illinois  prairies. 
In  summer  and  winter  the  grass  grows  in  abun- 
dance and  in  rank  luxuriance.  Timber  is  also 
plentiful,  the  pines  attaining  three  times  the 
size  of  those  growing  near  Leadville.  The  val- 
ley is  known  to  contain  extensive  coal  banks, 
and  that,  too,  of  a  superior  quality.  Owing  to 
their  inaccessibility,  no  attempt  has  as  yet  been 
made  to  develop  them,  but  there  is  little  doubt 
but  during  the  coming  summer  companies  will 
be  formed  for  the  purpose  of  mining  this  coal, 
all  of  which  will  find  a  ready  market  in  Lead- 
ville. As  the  case  stands,  one  of  the  chief  dif- 
ficulties in  the  way  of  smelting  is  the  lack  of 
coal  and  coke.  The  latter,  indeed,  has  to  be 
hauled  all  the  way  from  Trinidad,  which  greatly 
adds  to  the  expense  of  operating  reduction  works 
in  Leadville. 

The  miners  who  passed  the  last  summer  on 
the  Gunnison  found  carbonates  in  various  local- 
ities, both  along  that  stream  and  Willow  creek. 
They  had  no  means  of  arriving  at  the  value  of 
the  ore,  but,  as  it  looked  well,  they  kept  on 
prospecting  and  mining  until  late  in  the  season, 
when  two  of  their  number  concluded  to  come 
out,  leaving  the  others  to  guard  the  mines  dur- 
ing the  winter.  They  accordingly  packed  600 
pounds  of  ore  in  sacks  and  brought  it  to  Lead- 
ville for  an  assay.  That  small  quantity  of  ore 
was  sold  to  one  of  the  smelters  here  for  $613, 
showing  an  assay  of  over  2,000  ounces  to  the  ton. 

The  village  or  settlement  of  Gunnison  lies  on 
the  river  of  the  same  name,  57  miles  from  Gleora, 
nearly  due  west.  It  consists  at  present  only  of 
a  postoffice,  a  store,  and  blacksmith  shop. 
Twenty-five  miles  north  of  Gunnison  the  trav- 
eler comes  to  a  spur  of  the  Elk  mountains 
named  Crested  Butte.  In  and  about  Crested 
Butte  there  rise  three  little  rivers,  named  re- 
spectively Slate,  Washington  and  Taylor,  all  of 
which  unite  and  flow  into  the  Gunnison.  In 
the  headwaters  of  these  streams  considerable 
prospecting  was  done  last  summer  by  the  party 
of  which  Mr.  Smith  was  a  member.  He  says 
that  considerable  bodies  of  ore  are  to  be  found 
in  that  neighborhood.  Unlike  the  silver  de- 
posits of  Leadville,  they  are  found  in 

True  Fissure  Veins 
With  outcroprjings  plainly  in  view  on  the  side 
of  the  mountains.  The  silver  is  found  in  con- 
junction with  galena  and  copper,  and  occasion- 
ally with  carbonates  crystallized  and  having  a 
color  of  light  gray.  The  silver  varies  in  rich- 
ness, as  it  does  in  all  other  districts,  running 
from  100  to  1,500  ounces  per  ton,  although  the 
average  is  higher  than  is  generally  found  in 
this  camp.  In  most  of  the  claims  already  pros- 
pected gold  has  been  found,  varying  from  one- 
fourth  of  an  ounce  to  25  ounces. 

The  climate  in  the  Gunnison  valley  is  de- 
scribed as  much  milder  than  on  the  mountain 
tops.  The  warm  rains  coming  over  from  Utah 
fall  abundantly,  the  clouds  being  squeezed  when 
they  strike  the  lofty  Sierra  Nevada  range,  and 
deprived  of  their  moisture.  Vegetation  is  lux- 
uriant everywhere  in  the  valley,  and  wheat, 
corn  and  potatoes,  can  be  raised  easily.  The 
basin  of  the  Gunnison  is  in  reality  a  vast  park, 
being  100  miles  long  from  east  to  west,  and 
nearly  as  much  in  width.  In  the  center  of  this 
basin  flows  the  river,  while  from  all  the  sides 
pour  down  the  waters  of  the  Uncompahgre, 
Lake  Fork,  Cebolla,  Cochetope,  Slate  and  Tay- 
lor rivers,  besides  numberless  other  creeks, 
abounding  in  speckled  trout,  while  the  adja- 
cent woods  are  alive  with  deer,  elk,  bear  and 
other  game.  The  Elk  mountains  on  the  north 
are  said  to  be  of  enormous  hight,  striking  rug- 
gedness  and  most  unique  and  singular  appear- 
ance. A  recent  writer  says  of  them:  "They 
differ  from  any  other  mountains  on  the  globe 
because  of  their  peculiar  colors  and  strange 
forms.  In  the  very  front  rank  of  the  amazing 
array  of  peaks  is  the  Teocalli  mountain,  a  vast 
pyramid  in  bulk  and  form,  showing  the  strange 
features  of  successive  terraces,  rising  one  above 
another,  with  cliff  faces  and  level  benches.  The 
form  is  like  the  ancient  sacrificial  altars  of  the 
Aztecs,  called  by  them  "teocalli"— hence  the 
name.  Teocalli  is  approached  by  a  lovely  open, 
grassy  valley,  with  a  pretty  little  creek,  deeply 
fringed  with  trees,  running  through  it,  and 
dividing  at  the  foot  of  the  mountain,  a  branch 
pouring  down  from  each  of  its  sides.  Viewed 
in  the  bright  sunlight,  the  wilderness  of  pyram- 
idal cones  glow  in  red,  yellow,  brown  and  deep 
maroon,  and  on  the  northern  and  eastern  slopes 
are  the  largest  known  fields  of  perpetual  snow 
in  all  the  Rocky  mountains." — Leadville  Cor. 
Chicago  Tribune. 

Moving  the  Decimal  Point  to  Suit  the 
Case. — The  Horn  Silver  mining  company  of 
Utah,  having  disposed  of  40,000  shares  of  their 
stock  in  New  York,  now  offer  an  additional  25,- 
000  at  §17-50  each;  these  heavy  sales  at  such 
handsome  prices  being  based  on  the  large  quan- 
tity of  valuable  ore  in  sight  in  the  mine,  re- 
ported to  be  817,000,000  in  net  profits— say  a 
total  of  50  millions,  or  such  a  matter.  We  al- 
luded last  week  to  the  big  figures  that  were 
now  being  employed  in  connection  with  this 
class  of  estimates,  suggesting  that  in  accepting 
these  latter  it  would  generally  be  safe  to  re- 
move the  decimal  point  one  figure  towards  the 
left—perhaps  we  might  as  well  remove  it  two, 
in  this  case. 


Cape  Foulweather. 

The  Willamette  Farmer  argues  that  there  are 
good  and  substantial  arguments  to  be  made  in 
favor  of  Cape  Foulweather  as  the  site  for  a 
harbor  of  refuge,  if  it  shall  prove  that  the 
location  is  well  adapted  to  the  purpose.  That 
is,  of  course,  the  main  object,  but  a  point  might 
almost  be  strained  in  its  favor  upon  the  ground 
that  the  construction  of  a  safe  harbor  there  will 
give  the  Willamette  valley  the  benefit  of  another 
seaport.  The  construction  of  the  harbor  will 
certainly  result  in  the  building  of  the  narrow- 
gauge  railroad  from  Corvallis  to  the  ocean — not 
to  Yaquina  bay  merely,  but  to  the  shores  of  the 
constructed  harbor.  Such  a  consummation 
would  be  of  the  greatest  importance,  for  while 
that  point  cannot  become  the  great  commercial 
port  of  the  northwest,  it  can  do  a  lively  trade, 
and  will  result  in  bringing  prosperity  to  the 
shores  of  Yaquina  bay,  and  give  the  upper 
counties  more  direct  communication  and  shorter 
distance  to  reach  San  Francisco,  or  even  to  load 
vessels  for  Europe,  saving  the  great  expense  and 
detention  that  attends  loading  vessels  at  Port- 
land. This  advantage  can  only  attend  the  con- 
struction of  the  harbor  where  it  can  be  reached 
by  railroad  communication  with  the  interior. 
The  pass  from  Corvallis  to  Yaquina  offers  the 
most  favorable  route  for  such  a  road,  and  the 
enterprise  of  Benton  and  Linn  county  farmers 
has  already  secured  a  commencement  of  that 
enterprise,  and  it  has  been  very  faithfully 
worked  up,  so  that  its  practicability  is  thor- 
oughly understood.  Any  improvement  in  com- 
mercial facilities  redounds  to  the  benefit  of  the 
producer.  The  harbor  of  refuge  at  or  near 
Yaquina  bay,  and  the  construction  of  the  nar- 
row-gauge road  to  connect  the  Willamette 
valley  therewith,  will  enable  producers  of  the 
upper  and  middle  valley  counties  to  ship  their 
products  much  cheaper,  and  they  will  thrive 
better  in  proportion. 

How  well  the  location  is  adapted  to  this  pur- 
pose is  thus  stated  by  a  Salem  paper  :  A  care- 
ful survey  of  the  bay  north  of  Cape  Foulweather 
by  the  United  States  engineers  has  demonstrated 
the  fact  that  such  a  harbor  already  exists  there 
formed  by  nature,  and  that  only  a  small  outlay 
is  necessary  to  make  it  entirely  safe,  easy  of 
entrance  and  ample  for  all  practical  purposes. 
At  this  time  there  is  a  sufficient  depth  of  water 
to  float  the  Great  Eastern  in  perfect  safety.  It 
is  not  Yaquina  bay  proper,  but  a  little  north  of 
that,  some  three  or  four  miles,  and  is  simply  a 
large  cove  with  good  entrance  and  good  natural 
protection.  An  expenditure  of  $656,000  will 
make  it  entirely  secure,  while  the  smallest 
estimate  for  any  other  point  surveyed  on  this 
coast  is  over  $3,000,000. 

The  King  of  Artesian  Well  Engineers. 

Mr.  Eugene  Bandel  of  Benicia,  sends  us  a 
copy  of  Wirth's  Deutscher  Gewerbskalender 
for  1871,  in  which  is  a  lengthy  biographico- 
technical  sketch  of  Carl  Gotthelf  Kind,  the 
"King  of  Artesian  Well  Engineers."  From 
this  sketch  we  translate  the  following  short 
summary. 

The  sinking  of  deep  bore-holes  and  particu- 
larly of  such  as  require  principally  drilling, 
has  been  in  earlier  times  a  matter  of  high  im- 
portance. However,  the  art  proper,  the  ra- 
tional management  of  well-boring,  is  a  produc- 
tion of  the  present  century.  The  advances  of 
scientific  geology,  mineralogy  and  mechanics, 
furnished  the  basis  for  the  explanation  of  phe- 
nomena that  had  previously  been  ascribed  to 
blind  chance,  and  without  the  thorough  inves- 
tigation of  which  the  well-borer's  drill  would 
never  have  been  taken  from  the  hands  of  the 
rude  laborer,  and  placed  in  those  of  the  ration- 
ally educated  engineer. 

To  the  latter  class  of  men  belongs  Kind,  who 
will  always,  among  all  nations,  be  referred  to  as 
the  one  who  knew  so  well  how  to  improve  the 
practice  of  well-boring,  that  the  art  was  made 
to  assume  a  quite  new  form. 

The  special  improvements  of  Kind's  in  the  do- 
main of  well-boring  instruments  and  methods 
for  the  sinking  of  bore-holes  of  both  large  and 
small  diameters,  are  so  varied  and  numerous, 
that  space  enough  is  not  demanded  here  to  dis- 
cuss them  all.  We  bring  forward,  therefore, 
only  the  chief  ones. 

The  most  radical  of  Kind's  improvements  and 
inventions  are  as  follows:  First,  boring  with 
wooden  instead  of  iron  rods;  second,  an  appar- 
atus called  "free-fall-drill,"  by  means  of  which 
the  driU,  after  being  raised  as  far  as  necessary 
by  the  rods,  falls  loose  away  from  the  latter 
and  thus  accomplishes  the  drilling;  third,  auger 
for  widenidg  the  bore-hole;  fourth,  safeties,  by 
means  of  which  breakages  of  the  tools  can  be 
immediately  discovered;  fifth,  augers  for  bor- 
ing shafts  of  very  great  diameter;  and  sixth, 
means  for  making  water-tight  bored  shafts  of 
great  diameter. 

Rushing. — Three  hundred  men  and  teams 
are  at  work  north  of  Snake  river  building  the 
Utah  &  Northern  road.  One  hundred  thou- 
sand ties  are  ready  for  laying.  The  Laramie 
rolling  mills  are  turning  out  tons  of  rails  for  the 
road,  and  every  prospect  points  to  its  rapid 
advance  into  Idaho.  The  cars  will  run  to  the 
Snake  river  bridge  this  month.  New  passenger 
cars  for  the  road  are  coming  in  the  Ogden  yard, 
and  when  the  sleeping  cars  are  ready  we  will 
have  a  change  of  time.  The  Utah  &  Northern 
passenger  trains  will  then  make  close  connec- 
tion with  the  U.  P.  express. — Ogden  Freeman,  I 


Excursions  to  the  Sierras. 

It  is  understood  that  a  large  number  of  school 
teachers  have  decided  to  spend  their  summer 
vacation  in  visiting  Mount  Shasta  and  inter- 
vening points  of  interest.  For  some  reason  but 
few  tourists  seem  to  have  learned  of  or  duly 
appreciated  that  portion  of  the  Sierra  Nevada 
mountains  lying  in  Shasta  and  adjacent  coun- 
ties. Probably  because  so  much  more  has  been 
written  and  printed  by  Eastern  and  California 
journalists  concerning  the  glories  of  the  more 
familiar  {but  not  more  attractive)  section  of  the 
Sierras  crossed  by  the  overland  route.  The 
C.  P.  K.  R.  Co.  by  offering  reduced  rates  to 
tourists  over  their  northern  routes  realize  the 
above  facts,  evidently,  and  are  determined  to 
do  their  part  towards  making  the  grandeurs  of 
the  scenery  and  the  delightfulness  of  the  cli- 
mate of  northern  California  better  known. 

It  is  also  expected  that  many  farming  and 
other  camping  parties  will  take  a  northern 
direction  during  their  vacation  this  year. 

All  will  visit  en  route  more  or  less  of  the 
principal  towns  and  cities,  including  Colusa, 
Marysville,  Chico,  Tehama,  Red  Bluff,  Reading 
and  Shasta,  passing  the  old  Reading  grant  in 
the  upper  Sacramento  valley  just  before  enter- 
ing the  placer  and  quartz  mining  districts  of 
the  Sierra  Nevadas,  over  70  miles  distant  by 
route  to  the  everlastingly  whitecrowned  Shasta. 

The  U.  S.  Government  fish-hatching  station 
(the  most  important  nursery  in  all  probability 
in  the  world)  is  on  the  McCloud  river  22  miles 
from  Reading.  Good  fishing  is  found  upwards 
on  different  streams,  and  game  is  plentiful  in 
the  mountains  and  valleys  from  this  point. 
Southern's  station  is  33  miles  beyond.  Eleven 
miles  further,  at  Bailey's  station,  is  the  lower 
Soda  springs,  the  water  of  which  is  fine,  effer- 
vescing and  icy  cool.  Five  miles  on  Campbell's 
hotel  is  reached  at  the  upper  Soda  springs, 
equally  notable  for  a  mild  draft  of  wholesome 
mineral  water.  Eight  miles  then  brings  the 
tourist  into  Strawberry  valley,  in  fine  view  and 
seemingly  in  the  very  presence  of  Mount  Shasta. 
This  and  Squaw  valley  are  spoken  of  in  terms 
of  unmeasured  admiration  by  those  who  en- 
joyed their  pure  and  delightful  atmosphere. 

For  the  benefit  of  those  who  may  wish  the 
figures,  we  annex  the  schedule  of  excursion 
rates  via  the  northern  division  of  the  C.  P.  R. 
R.  Co.: 


No.  Miles 

from 
Reading. 


22 
44 


64 
65 


To  Station  named  and 
Return. 


U.  S.  Fishery— Aliens 

Slate  Creek 

Southerns 

Lower  Soda  Springs 

Castle  Roek 

Uppei  Soda  Springs 

Strawberry  Valley— Sissons.. 


From    From 

San     Sacra- 

Fran'o  mento 


2-t  m 

28.  SO 

;io.so 

32.S0 
S3. 00 
33.80 
35.40 


10.50 
23.80 
2f,.  SO 
27.80 

2S.00 
28.80 
30,40 


This  brings  the  tourist  to  the  vicinity  of  the 
majestic  Mount  Shasta,  famous  in  song  and 
story. 

The  Catamaran  "Zarifa." — The  catamaran 
is  a  nondescript  vessel  new  to  these  waters.  It 
is  made  of  two  long  and  slender  parallel  hulls, 
lying  apart  12  or  16  feet  but  joined  together  by 
cross-beams.  The  original  pattern  is  a  South 
Sea  Island  production.  It  has  been  introduced 
into  Eastern  waters  for  some  years  past,  but  for 
some  reason  or  other  has  not  met  with  much 
favor  in  the  yacht  clubs  and  yacht  regattas. 
The  first  catamaran  made  had  a  solid  deck 
thrown  over  the  breach  between  the  two  hulls, 
but  the  strain  was  so  great  by  the  hulls  spread- 
ing keel  out  that  the  deck  sprung.  Beams  were 
then  introduced  and  securely  riveted  to  the 
hulls  and  a  deck  placed  on  top,  but  the  vessel 
in  this  condition  lacked  elasticity.  The  latest 
improvement  is  to  connect  these  hulls  with 
beams  provided  with  a  ball  and  socket  joint  at 
the  point  of  connection,  and  a  center  beam 
linked  in  the  middle.  This  allows  each  hull 
freedom  to  play  independent  of  the  workings  of 
the  other,  and  relieves  the  beams  of  the  strain 
they  would  otherwise  have  to  withstand.  A 
catamaran  of  this  style  of  construction,  and 
owned  by  Robert  Hall,  of  the  firm  of  Howe  & 
Hall,  has  been  imported  from  the  East,  where 
she  was  built.  The  hulls  are  33  feet  in  length 
and  two  feet  in  the  beam,  and  16  feet  apart. 
She  is  fore  and  aft  sloop  rig,  carrying  a  jib 
almost  as  large  as  her  mainsail.  The  length  of 
her  cauvas  is  5S  feet — nearly  double  the  length 
of  the  hull.  Her  draft,  with  half  a  dozen  per- 
sons on  board,  is  not  over  12  inches.  She  has 
been  named  the  Zarifa.  The  Zarifa  has  been 
admitted  into  the  San  Francisco  Yacht  Club. 
Such  a  vessel  as  the  Zarifa  can  be  built  and 
equipped  in  this  city  for  ^2,300.  A  round  bot- 
tom vessel  of  equal  capacity  would  cost  about 
S5,000.—  S.  F.  Bulletin. 


Sub-marine  Telegraph  to  South  Africa. — 
The  report  comes  from  London  that  the  British 
government  has  decided  upon  the  immediate 
construction  of  a  sub-marine  telegraph  to  South 
Africa,  having  accepted  the  tender  of  the  East- 
ern Telegraph  Company.  The  route  is  by  way 
of  Aden,  Zanzibar,  Mozambique,  Delagoa  bay, 
and  Natal.  It  will  connect  with  the  whole  of 
the  Eastern  system  of  telegraph.  From  the 
same  source  we  learn  that  the  subterranean 
lines  in  Germany,  to  which  we  have  several 
times  referred,  are  attaining  vast  dimensions, 
and  that  the  Reichstag  has  just  voted  $450,000 
for  further  extensions. 


Measurement  of  "Water. 

In  determining  the  quantity  of  water  dis- 
charged from  any  ditch,  flume  or  pump  column, 
the  method  adopted,  as  a  general  rule,  consists 
in  the  selection  of  a  plank  (often  without  re- 
gard to  any  particular  thickness),  through  which 
a  rectangular  opening  is  cut  one  inch  wide  by  a 
number  of  inches  long,  to  the  edges  of  which 
are  tacked  two  guide  cleats  or  strips,  between 
which  a,thin  strip  of  wood,  forming  a  gate,  is 
fitted,  so  that  an  opening  for  the  discharge  of 
water  one  inch  high  by  a  suitable  number  of 
inches  long  can  be  made  at  will,  and  the  number 
of  square  inches  contained  in  said  opening  are 
spoken  of  as  so  many  "miners'  inches"  of  water. 
The  head  over  the  center  of  the  opening  is  not 
generally  mentioned  unless  requested,  and  when 
given  will  vary  from  four  inches  up  to  ten  inches, 
depending  upon  the  locality,  usages,  convenience 
or  notions  of  the  individuals  gauging  the  water, 
and  so  we  find  from  published  records  the  fol- 
lowing variations  in  the  size  of  opening,  head 
co-efficients  and  discharge  of  water,  according  to . 
the  usages  of  the  different  mining  camps.  At 
Smartsville,  the  head   to  center  of  opening  is 

9  inches;  opening,  4  inches  high  by  25  inches 
long.  Thb  bottom  edge  of  the  opening  is  on  a 
level  with  the  bottom  of  the  box,  and  will  dis- 
charge 100  "miners'  inches,"  and  it  is  said  that ' 
each  inch  will  discharge  1.76  cubic  feet  per 
minute. 

The  Eureka  Lake  and  Canal  Co.  measure 
through  an  orifice  2  inches  high,  6  inches  head 
to  center,  and  an  opening  20  inches  long  is  said 
to  deliver  40  miners'  inches.  The  Excelsior, 
also  the  Sear's  Ditch  Co. ,  deliver  water  under 

10  inches  to  center  of  orifice. 

The  Phoenix  Ditch  Co.,  deliver  it  through  an 
orifice  3  inches  high,  and  pressure  to  center  of 
opening  of  5£  inches. 

Gold  Hill  Ditch  Co.,  El  Dorado  county,  the 
orifice  is  2  inches  high,  1  inch  wide  and  4-inch 
pressure  (whether  to  top  of  opening  or  center  is 
not  stated). 

The  Park  Canal  and  mining  company,  in  El 
Dorado  county,  delivered  1.39  cubic  feet  per 
minute  as  a  miners'  inch. 

The  Civil  Code  of  the  State  of  California,  v. 
1,  p.  404,  sec.  1,415,  defines,  that  in  locating 
claims  for  water  rights,  the  "miners3  inch"  shall 
be  under  a  four-inch  pressure,  which  in  no  way 
defines  the  quantity  of  water  discharged,  as  no 
dimensions  of  opening  are  defined. 

Experiments  made  by  H.  Smith,  Jr.,  to  de- 
termine the  value  of  a  "miners'  inch,"  at  the 
North  Bloomfield,  Milton  and  La  Grange  mines, 
the  opening  was  50  inches  long,  2  inches  wide, 
7  inches  to  center,  through  a  3-inch  plank;  bot- 
tom edge  of  opening  had  the  laBt  inch  cham- 
fered off,  leaving  the  lower  surface  of  the  open- 
ing in  contact  with  the  water,  similar  to  an 
opening  that  would  be  cut  through  a  two-inch 
plank.  The  discharge  for  the  one-hundredth 
part  of  the  opening  or  one  miners'  inch,  gave 
1.5744  cubic  feet  per  minute.  The  ratio  of 
actual  to  theoretical  discharge  is  stated  to  be 
61.6%.  The  second  set  of  experiments  on  the 
same  size  opening  and  head,  made  by  A.  J. 
Bowie,  Jr.,  at  the  La  Grange  mine,  the  effective 
discharge  per  one  miners'  inch  is  given  at  1.4994 
cubic  feet  per  minute,  or  ratio  of  effective  to 
theoretical  discharge  59.05%. 

From  the  above  collated  statement  the  neces- 
sity will  appear  of  finding  out  what  the  parties 
using  the  term  "miners'  inch"  mean,  or  at  what 
mining  camp  they  were  educated,  before  an  ap- 
proximate determination  can  be  arrived  at  as 
to  the  quantity  of  water  in  cubic  feet  or  gallons 
referred  to. 

On  the  Comstock,  I  believe,  a  majority  of  the 
persons  using  the  term  "miners'  inch"  mean  a 
flow  of  water  equal  to  12  gallons  per  minute,  or 
1.604  cubic  feet  in  the  same  time,  and  for  con- 
venience of  reference  I  have  arranged  the  fol- 
lowing table,  giving  the  flow  of  water  for  one 
"miners'  inch,"  according  to  the  head  assumed, 
varying  from  four  to  ten  inches  to  the  center  of 
the  orifice.  The  co-efficient  of  contraction  is 
taken  at  6-10,  being  an  average  value  from  ex- 
periments, with  an  opening  of  one  square  inch 
cut  through  a  two-inch  plank,  the  temperature 
of  the  water  being  at  70°,  one  gallon  equaling 
231  cubic  inches,  and  the  weight  of  same  at  tho 
above  temperature  is  almost  exactly  8.3  pounds: 


Discharge  per  Minute  in 

Head  to  Center 

.of  Opening. 

Cubic  Ft. 

Gallons. 

Pounds. 

4  inches 

1.159 

8.669 

71.96 

5  inches 

1.292 

9.665 

80.22 

6  inches 

1.417 

10.599 

87.98 

7  inches 

1.532 

11.460 

95.12 

8  inches 

1.637 

12.245 

101.63 

9  inches 

1.737 

12.993 

107.84 

10  inches 

1.830 

13.089 

113.62 

For  any  other  size  of  opening,  either  of  hight 
or  length,  the  co-efficient  of  contraction,  due  to 
friction,  and  with  it  the  quantity  of  discharge, 
will  vary;  and  hence,  when  "miners'  inches" 
are  spoken  of,  all  the  conditions  affecting  the 
discharge  or  measurement  should  be  given,  if 
anything  more  than  a  guess  at  the  quantity 
meant  is  desirable.  —  W.  R.  Eelcart,  in  Terri- 
torial Enterprise. 

Cooling  Hot  Journals. — Von  Heeren  pro- 
poses a  method  of  cooling  hot  journals  by  a 
mixture  of  sulphur  and  oil  or  grease.  The  fine 
metal  dust  formed  when  a  journal  runs  hot,  and 
which  strongly  acts  upon  both  journal  and  bear- 
ing, forms  a  sulphide  of  sulphur.  This  com- 
pound, which  grows  soft  and  greasy,  does  not 
cause  any  appreciable  amount  of  friction.  It 
has  been  very  successfully  used  by  the  steamers 
of  the  North  German  Lloyds. 


May  3,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


283 


ECHANICAL 


ROGRESS. 


Improvements  in  Iron  Production. 

In  our  laat  issue  we  gave  an  extract  from  an 
article  written  by  J.  \V.  Mallet  for  the  Ameri- 
can Chemical  Journal  entitled  '*  A  brief  review 
of  the  most  important  changes  in  the  industrial 
applications  of  chemistry  within  the  last  few 
years."  The  portion  which  is  of  most  especial 
interest  to  our  readers  is  that  on  the  improve- 
ments in  iron  production,  which  we  continue 
from  laat  week  : 

As  regards  wrought  iron,  whoso  day  for  many 
purposes  can  by  no  means  be  considered  as  gone 
by,  the  most  notable  manufacturing  improve- 
ment has  undoubtedly  been  the  introduction  of 
mechanical  puddling  as  a  substitute  for  the  more 
laborious  and  less  uniform  hand  work.  After 
many  previous  attempts,  success  in  this  direc- 
tion has  come  with  the  application  of  the  rotat- 
ing hearth,  of  which  the  Danks  furnace  arrange- 
ment deserves  to  be  taken  as  the  type.  The 
more  general  use  of  currents  of  water  through 
double  furnace  walls  as  the  means  of  allowing 
the  highest  temperatures  within,  with  dimin- 
ished risk  of  injury  to  the  walls  themselves,  is 
an  extension  of  the  long-used  water  backs  of 
the  retiuery  furnace. 

For  cast  iron,  aside  from  the  marked  increase 
in  the  size  of  many  of  the  furnaces  built,  and  in 
goino  hands  the  use  of  a  blast  of  considerably 
higher  temperature  than  was  usual  a  few  years 
ago,  the  question  of  most  interest  has  been  that 
of  the  elimination  from  the  metal  of  phosphorus 
and  sulphur,  particularly  the  former,  with  a 
view  to  the  supply  of  metal  to  the  steel  makers 
suited  in  this  respect  to  their  requirements, 
■ince  the  modern  methods  of  steel  manufacture 
do  not  tend  to  remove  phosphorus  if  present, 
the  Bessemer  process  even  relatively  increasing 
its  amount,  and  its  retention  in  the  steel  to  any 
large  extent  being  ordinarily  iu  the  highest 
degree  objectionable.  The  comparative  scarcity 
aud  therefore  cost  of  ores  originally  free)  or 
nearly  so,  from  phosphorus,  while  others  are 
abundant  against  which  the  presence  of  this 
element  can  alone  be  urged  in  objection,  renders 
the  problem  one  of  great  importance. 

Of  the  many  plans  proposed  for  getting  rid  of 
the  undesirable  element,  two  seem  most  to  de- 
serve notice.  It  has  been  found  that  in  Cleve- 
land ironstone  from  Yorkshire  in  England,  and 
the  same  is  probably  true  of  many  other  ores, 
the  phosphorus  exists  mainly,  if  not  solely,  as 
calcium  phosphate,  and  that  by  washing  the 
ore  with  a  solution  of  sulphurous  acid,  obtained 
by  passing  the  sulphur  dioxide  from  burning 
pyrites  into  water,  a  large  proportion,  up  to 
even  90%  of  the  phosphorus,  may  be  dissolved 
out  and  removed.  It  has  been  urged  against 
this  process  as  a  fatal  objection  that  the  ore 
mast  be  in  fine  powder  to  allow  sufficiently 
thorough  contact  with  the  liquid  acid,  while  the 
pulverulent  condition  unfits  it  for  smelting  in 
the  ordinary  way.  While  this  is  true  as  regards 
after  use  in  the  blast  furnace,  it  seems  quite 
possible  that  ore  in  powder  might  be  managed 
in  the  Siemens  furnace  for  the  production  of 
"Landon"  steel,  and,  in  the  absence  of  material 
naturally  pure  enough,  this  process  of  prepara- 
tory washing  may  yet  find  application  to  a  cer- 
tain extent. 

The  other  plan  to  be  mentioned  has  more  ex- 
tensive claims  to  attention,  if  the  facts  upon 
which  it  rests  are  fully  confirmed  by  further  ex- 
perience, and  if  it  can  be  brought  into  practi- 
cally workable  shape.  Mr.  Lowthian  Bell,  to 
whose  intelligently  directed  researches  we  owe 
much  important  information  in  regard  to  the 
chemistry  of  iron  smelting,  believes  he  has  as- 
certained that  phosphorus  may  be  in  large 
measure  removed  from  melted  cast  iron  by  oxida- 
tion at  a  temperature  lower  than  that  suited  for 
puddling,  the  oxygen  being  derived  from  a  bath 
of  molten  oxide  of  iron  or  slag  very  rich  in  such 
oxide;  though  at  a  higher  temperature,  at  all 
approaching  that  of  the  Bessemer  converter, 
phosphorus  would  be  taken  up  again  by  the  iron 
from  the  very  same  slag.  It  is  proposed  that 
the  iron  shall  be  brought  rapidly  into  contact 
with  the  rich  slag  by  running  it  from  the  fur- 
nace into  a  circular  converting  vessel,  revolving 
about  its  axis  and  containing  the  slag  already 
in  a  state  of  fusion.  In  one  experiment  it  was 
found  that  the  phosphorus  in  iron  from  Cleve- 
land ore  could  by  such  treatment  be  brought 
down  to  .035%,  while  continued  contact,  at  fill 
puddling  heat,  with  the  puddling  furnace  slag 
which  had  served  as  the  means  of  purification, 
raised  the  proportion  of  phosphorus  again  to 
.153%  in  65  minutes,  and  to  .365%  in  three 
hours.  These  experiments  are  suggestive  and 
full  of  promise  that  a  solution  of  this  important 
problem  will  yet  be  found,  though  as  yet  it  can- 
not be  said  to  have  been  reached  in  a  practically 
useful  and  generally  applicable  form. 

In  noting  the  chemical  aspects  of  the  iron 
and  steel  industry,  as  developed  in  the  last 
quarter  of  a  century,  we  can  not  overlook  the 
magnificent  scale  upon  which  the  mechanical 
appliances  used  in  working  the  metal  have  out- 
grown their  former  dimensions. 

A  visit  to  such  works  as  those  of  Creuzot  in 
France,  Krupp's  establishment  at  Essen,  in 
Germany,  the  heavy  gun  factories  at  Chatham 
and  the  armor-plate  mills  at  Sheffield,  in  Eng- 
land, or  even  to  several  of  the  works  which 


have  grown  up  in  this  country,  presents  a  truly 
impressive  picture  of  mechanical  power  directed 
and  controlled  by  human  brains.  Such  a  single 
tool  as  the  great  Creuzot  steam  hammer,  with 
its  75  or  80  tons  of  iron  falling  IS  feet  upon  an 
anvil  of  uearly  900  tons,  and  capable  ol 
masses  of  steel  of  120  tons  or  more,  represents 
a  mtirvelous  advanco  upon  the  means  at  the 
command  of  the  iron  workers  of  30  or  even  20 
years  ago.  Vet  the  very  source  of  the  demand 
for  these  mighty  machine  tools,  the  growth  ol 
the  manufacture  of  iron,  and  yet  more  steel, 
has,  in  the  improved  charaoter  of  the  mateiial 
produced,  opened  up  a  still  wider  field  and  en- 
larged possibilities  for  the  employment  of 
mechanical  energy  upon  the  grandest  scale. 


UaKOANBSS  steel  should  show  a  very  tine- 
grain  in  fracture,  and  an  analysis  should  give 
substantially  the  following  results:  Sulphur, 
.  10;  phosphorus,  27;  carbuu,  63;  mangauese, 
1.50.  Metallurgists  tell  us  that  such  a  metal 
resists  shocks  very  well,  and  that  this  enor- 
mous quantity  of  manganese  added  to  the  metal 
neutralizes  the  evil  effects  of  phosphorus.  But 
the  best  thing  that  can  be  done  is  to  avoid  the 
use  of  such  cast  metal  cured  by  manganese. 
Two  strips  of  the  same  metal  when  white-hot 
were  welded  together,  but  when  it  was  at- 
tempted to  bend  them  the  first  blow  divided 
the  strip  into  two  pieces  through  the  weld. 
Steel  must  not  contain  more  than  0.3%  or  0  4% 
of  manganese,  and  a  metal  containing  1.50%  ur 
2%  of  manganese  is  in  most  cases  good  for  noth- 
ing. Inferior  material,  even  if  cured  by  man- 
ganese, will  always  give  inferior  steel.  But  as 
certain  works  prepare  such  a  curious  steel,  it 
would  be  a  benetit  for  the  buyers  if  the  manu- 
facturers would  supply  them  with  a  true  analysis 
of  the  Bteel,  because  otherwise  the  buyer  may  get 
a  cast  metal  which  only  the  manufacturer  can 
call  "steel." 


The  evils  attending  the  use  of  oils  and  fats  as 
lubricants  upon  machinery  are  well  known  to 
engineers  and  mechanics,  but  the  causes  and 
nature  of  their  injurious  action  are  not  so  gen- 
erally understood.  We  give,  therefore,  a  brief 
but  very  lucid  explanation  of  their  action  which 
we  find  credited  to  Dr.  Marqnardt,  by  our  con- 
temporary, the  Boston  Journal  of  Chemistry, 
The  most  obvious  and  least  objectionable  evil 
attending  their  use  is  the  gradual  oxidation  (or 
gamming)  which  they  undergo,  and  in  conse- 
quence of  which  their  lubricating  qualities  rap- 
idly diminish.  A  more  objectionable  property 
of  these  substances  shows  itself  when  they  are 
applied  to  such  parts  of  machinery  as  are  more 
or  less  highly  heated.  In  such  circumstances, 
these  substances  are  decomposed  into  their  con- 
stituents, glycerine  and  fatty  acids.  The  latter 
combine  with  the  iron  work  of  machinery  to  form 
an  iron  soap,  the  metal  surfaces  beiug  corroded 
thereby  and  fresh  surfaces  exposed  to  corrosion. 
Marquardt  recommends  the  substitution  of  the 
mineral  oils  (heavy  petroleum  products  that  boil 
above  600°  F. )  for  animal  oils  and  fats  as  the 
remedy. 

The  Manufacture  or  Gun  Barrels. — In 
the  manufacture  of  a  gun  barrel,  the  process 
has  changed  somewhat  at  the  Springfield  Ar- 
mory since  1861.  Then  an  iron  "scalp,"  18 
inches  long,  six  inches  wide,  one-half  an  inch 
thick  and  weighing  10  pounds,  was  thrown  into 
a  furnace,  heated,  and  curved  in  a  rolling  ma- 
chine. It  received  only  two  welding  heats, 
but  was  changed  many  times  from  the  furnace 
to  the  rolling  machine,  or  until  it  was  rolled  to 
the  proper  size  and  extended  to  the  length  of  the 
barrel.  In  the  rolling  process  a  cavity  was  pre- 
served with  different  sized  steel  rods.  While 
hot,  the  barrel  was  passed  on  a  rod  into  a 
straightening  machine,  afterwards  annealed, 
cone-seated,  bored,  turned,  ground,  milled, 
rifled  and  polished.  Now  the  workmen  start 
with  a  steel  bar  eight  or  ten  feet  long  and  about 
one  inch  in  thickness  ;  cut  it  into  pieces  six  or 
eight  inches  long,  bore  each  piece,  pass  them 
into  a  furnace  on  a  rod,  then  into  the  rolling 
machine,  and  proceed  as  in  the  old  process. 


Railroad  Items. — A  French  writer  estimates 
that  4,000,000  tons  of  rails  are  required  every 
year  to  renew  the  worn-out  stock  on  the  rail- 
ways of  the  world  already  in  operation,  besides 
what  are  needed  to  lay  down  new  roads.  The 
average  wear  of  a  rail  is  10  years.  The  rolling 
mills  of  the  United  States  have  a  capacity  of 
nearly  2,000,000  tons,  though  the  consumption 
of  rails,  including  imports  is  not  half  that 
amount.  The  capital  invested  in  all  the  rail- 
roads of  the  globe  exceeds  $15,500,000,000. 
These  roads,  according  to  the  statistics  of  Prof. 
Neumann-Spallart,  require  62,000  locomotives, 
112,000  passenger  carriages,  and  1,500,000  goods 
trucks.  Aunually  1,600,000,000  tons  of  mer- 
chandise and  1,500,000,000  passengers  are  con- 
veyed by  these  means  of  transit. 


Working  Stfam  at  Higher  Pressure. — It 
is  well  known  that  great  efficiency  in  steam 
engines  is  obtained  by  an  increase  of  pressure 
and  the  use  of  expansion.  To  accomplish  this, 
the  point  lies  not  so  much  with  the  engine  as 
with  the  boiler,  engineers  finding  no  difficulty 
in  working  an  engine  with  steam  at  150  or  200 
pounds  per  square  inch;  therefore  Mr.  Walt,  an 
eminent  Liverpool  engineer,  thinks  there  is  no 
practical  limit  to  the  working  pressure.  Some 
engineers  will  be  inclined  to  differ  with  this 
opinion,  as  the  management  of  steam  used  ex- 
pansively in  simple  reciprocating  engines  at 
ranges  of  pressure  much  exceeding  those  named, 
is  considered  by  many  risky  practice. 


Scientific     Progress. 


New  Minerals. 

Gedonite  is  the  name  applied  by  Helm,  to 
what  he  describes  as  a  new  fossil  resin,  occur- 
ring with  the  amber  of  the  Baltic  region,  and 
distinguished  from  it  by  reason  of  its  greater 
friability,  which  unfits  it  for  some  of  the  ap- 
plications of  amber.  The  workmen  call  it  fri- 
able or  unripe  amber.  The  author  holds  that 
this  resin  is  not  from  the  true  amber  pine  (Pin- 
i'<  |  tttcdnifer),  but  from  some  allied  species.  He 
finds  it  to  be  softer  than  true  amber,  to  have  a 
lower  melting  point,  aud  to  contain  less  oxygen 
iu  its  composition.  It  is  more  readily  soluble 
iu  ether  and  other  solvents  than  amber,  and 
contains  no  succinic  acid.  The  name  is  from 
Oedonia,  the  Latin  designation  of  the  ancient 
city  of  Dantzic,  near  which  it  is  met  with.  {For 
full  description  consult  Arch.  d.  Pharmacie, 
December,  1878.) 

Randite  is  the  name  given  provisionally  to  a 
supposed  new  mineral  substance,  the  analysis 
of  which  was  reported  to  the  Academy  of  Nat- 
ural Sciences,  of  Philadelphia,  at  a  recent  meet- 
ing. The  name  is  iu  honor  of  a  well-known 
local  mineralogist. 

Urisite,  a  now  mineral  specieB,  is  described 
by  Frenzel  as  occurring  in  the  Caucasus,  in  as- 
sociation with  Gelbeisenerz  (Jarosite  ?)  and  cop- 
peras. Color,  lemon-yellnw  to  orange;  streak, 
ocher-yellow;  hardness,  difficult  to  determine, 
hut  very  low;  specific  gravity,  2.22;  occurrence 
in  bulbous  masses,  or  pulverulent,  earthy;  the 
masses  may  be  readily  crushed  between  the 
fingers.  When  one  of  them  is  crushed,  the 
glitter  of  exceedingly  small  crystals  may  be 
observed,  of  which  the  mass  is  made  up.  The 
crystals  are  orthorhombic,  and  under  the  micro- 
scope appear  to  have  a  stout  prismatic  habitus, 
with  sharp  edges,  and  to  be  generally  well  de- 
veloped. The  basal  plane  is  often  absent,  and 
occasionally  is  strongly  developed  at  one  ex- 
tremity, and  absent,  or  but  very  slightly  devel- 
oped at  the  other,  so  that  the  crystals  have  oc- 
casionally a  hemiphoric  aspect,  and  resemble 
very  closely  the  well-known  tabular  crystals 
of  calamine.  The  crystals  are  transparent. 
After  the  removal  of  a  few  per  cent,  of  insoluble 
impurities,  the  mineral  was  found  to  have  the 
following  constitution  : 

Sulphuric  acid 32.08% 

Fer<  ic  oxide 21.28% 

Soda 10.50% 

Water 19.80% 

Total 99. 66% 

corresponding  to  the  formula,  Fe2  02  ,  2Na2  O, 
-ISO3  ,  8H2  O,  aud  placing  the  mineral  in  Dana's 
group  of  hydrous  sulphates. 


Interesting  Experiment. — During  a  recent 
snow  storm,  in  the  early  afternoon,  an  interest- 
ing experiment  was  tried  in  Paris.  At  the 
moment  when  the  sky  was  darkened  by  snow, 
the  electric  lamps  were  lighted  in  the  square  of 
the  Theater  Francais.  The  reflection  of  the 
light  from  the  snow-flakes  immediately  dispelled 
the  darkness  and  produced  a  very  pleasing 
effect.  It  is  proposed  to  try  a  similar  experi- 
ment in  misty  weather,  and  if  the  light  can 
penetrate  even  to  the  distance  of  20  meters 
{65.6  feet),  Jablochkoff  [lamps  will  be  estab- 
lished at  points  where  the  passing  is  most  fre- 
quent. 

The  influence  of  minute  forms  of  vege- 
tation in  producing  disease  is  illustrated  in 
a  singular  example  given  in  the  American  Nat- 
uralist. The  dried  blood  of  horses  that  had 
died  of  the  "  Loodiana  fever,"  in  India,  on  be- 
ing sent  to  England,  there  afforded  seed  from 
which  a  crop  of  Bacillus  anthracis  has  been 
grown,  which  justified  its  distant  pathological 
origin  by  reproducing  the  disease  in  other 
animals. 


Fawsitt  has  recorded  a  curious  experiment 
on  the  resonance  of  flames.  A  tuning  fork 
struck  upon  a  table,  and  held  till  its  sound  was 
inaudible,  was  placed  in  the  tip  of  the  flame  of 
a  Bunsen  burner.  The  sound  came  out  again 
loud  enough,  to  be  heard  at  some  distance.  Sir 
William  Thomson  explains  the  result  by  sup- 
posing that  the  flame  acts  as  a  resonator  owing 
to  the  differences  in  the  density  of  the  gases 
which  it  contains. 


Formation  of  Dew. — An  Amherst  Professor 
has  made  a  series  of  experiments  from  which  he 
deduces  a  theory  of  the  formation  of  dew 
exactly  the  opposite  to  that  commonly  taught. 
He  maintains  that  dew,  instead  of  being  the  re- 
sult of  condensation  of  the  moisture  of  the 
atmosphere  by  contact  with  objects  of  lower 
temperature,  is  caused  by  condensation  of  warm 
vapors  rising  from  the  earth  when  the  tempera- 
ture of  the  air  is  lower  than  that  of  the  earth. 


Pinto's  Journey  Across  Africa. — Pinto,  the 
Portuguese  explorer,  reports  that,  notwith- 
standing the  grievous  hardships  and  difficulties, 
he  succeeded  in  saving  all  his  papers,  embrac- 
ing 20  geographical  charts,  many  topographical 
maps,  three  volumes  of  notes,  meteorological 
studies,  drawings,  and  a  diary  of  the  complete 
exploration  of  the  Upper  Zambesi  with  its  22 
cataracts. 


Light  and  Heat  in  Gas  Flames. 

At  the  recent  meeting  of  the  American  Gas 
Light  Association,  Dr.  T.  O'Connor  Sloane, 
Brooklyn,  New  York,  read  a  paper  as  above. 

It  is  well  known  to  us,  he  said,  that  heat,  in 
its  industrial  applications,  is  wasted  to  a  great 
extent.  The  old  problem  of  the  conversion  of 
heat  of  low  into  corresponding  heat  of  high 
temperature,  has  to  be  solved,  and  to  its  non- 
solution  the  waste  in  most  cases  is  due. 

Theoretically,  one  pound  of  coal  should  melt 
40  pounds  of  iron,  yet  this  result  is  never  even 
approached  iu  metallurgical  practice. 

I  wish  to  examine  very  cursorily  the  loss  of 
heat  in  a  gas  flame.  Light  is  here  produced  by 
the  intense  heat.  The  eombustible  gases  are 
peculiarly  fitted  to  produce  such  heat,  because, 
as  they  are  already  in  the  gaBeous  state,  they 
do  not,  in  their  combustion,  havo  to  make  the 
stop  from  solid  to  gaseous,  as  solid  combus- 
tibies  do. 

The  light  given  by  the  flame  is  due  to  the 
ignition  of  particles  of  solid  matter.  Carbon  is 
present  in  the  unignited  gas  in  combination 
with  hydrogen,  as  constituent  atoms  of  gaseous 
hydrocarbon.  When  the  gas  burns,  the  heat  of 
the  flame  decomposes  these  compounds;  solid 
carbon,  in  a  state  of  almost  molecular  division, 
is  liberated,  and  becoming  white  hot,  or  incan- 
descent, emits  light.  It  travels  upward  through 
the  flame,  until  reaching  the  top  and  outer 
zones,  it  is  burnt  into  carbon  dioxide,  commonly 
called  carbonic  acid  gas. 

All  the  light  of  gas  is  due  to  the  ignition  of 
this  carbon.  The  proof  of  this  fact  is,  that 
while  gases  and  liquids  ignited  may  give  light, 
it  can  always  be  determined  by  the  spectroscopic 
analysis  whether  light  is  due  to  an  ignited  gas 
or  not.  Theoretically,  and  in  fact,  the  spec- 
trum of  light  derived  from  the  ignition  of  a 
gas  is  discontinous,  while  liquids  and  solids  ig- 
nited give  a  continuous  one.  On  subjecting  the 
light  of  illuminating  gas  to  this  examination, 
it  is  found  that  it  is  due  to  the  ignition 
of  solid  or  liquid  matter,  because  its  spec- 
trum is  continuous.  As  there  is  no  reason  for 
the  belief  or  probability  that  there  is  a  liquid 
there  present,  we  find  that  its  light  is  derived 
from  an  ignited  solid,  and  by  analysis  we  find 
that  carbon  is  the  only  substance  present  that 
remains  iu  the  Bolid  state  at  elevated  or  even 
ordinary  temperatures. 

Where  Does  Coal  Oil  Come  From  ? 

This  is  one  of  the  questions  that  has  long 
agitated  the  scientific  world,  and  upon  the 
answer  to  it  more  depends  than  seems  to  at  first 
sight.  If  we  know  its  source  we  can  fairly 
determine  as  to  the  nature  and  extent  of  the 
supplies,  and  as  to  where  to  look  for  them.  The 
Scientific  American  says  :  Some  have  thought 
that  the  oils  have  been  produced  by  a  slow  dis- 
tillation during  the  process  of  coal  formation. 
A  fatal  objection,  however,  to  this  theory  is 
found  in  the  fact  that  Great  Britain,  which  has 
immense  coal  beds,  contains  nothing  of  the  kind, 
though  supposed  traces  have  been  found  here 
and  there. 

The  silurian  and  devonian  rocks,  which  con- 
tain the  sources  of  most  of  the  oil  wells  now  in 
existence,  have  great  quantities  of  fossil 
remains,  and  this  has  suggested  the  theory  that 
the  oils  have  resulted  from  their  decomposition. 

Prof.  Mendeljeff  thinks  that  on  the  first  for- 
mation of  the  earth  vast  reservoirs  of  inorganic 
iron  and  carbon  existed  in  the  interior  of  the 
globe.  These  were  reached  by  the  water  con- 
densing on  the  newly  formed  land  and  percolat- 
ing beneath  its  surface.  The  heat  decomposed 
the  water  into  its  component  parts,  oxygen  and 
hydrogen,  the  first  forming  with  the  iron  oxide 
of  iron,  the  latter  with  the  carbon  petroleum 
and  other  hydro -carbons.  If  this  theory  be  the 
correct  one,  there  still  exists  in  the  center  of  the 
earth  reservoirs  of  petroleum  that  are  to  the 
sources  as  yet  known  as  the  ocean  is  to  the 
spring,  whose  waters  finally  find  a  resting  place 
in  its  bosom. 

Dr.  T.  Sterry  Hunt,  of  Massachusetts,  pro- 
pounded in  1861  a  theory  to  which  he  still  ad- 
heres. He  thinks  that  many  of  the  animated 
beings  of  early  ages  were  half  vegetable,  half 
animal,  and  that  the  decomposition  of  their 
tissues  produced  what  is  known  as  mineral  oil. 
Certain  magnetic  oliferous  limestoues  have  been 
found  to  contain  4£%  of  their  bulk  of  petroleum. 
A  square  mile  of  these  35  feet  thick  would  yield 
nearly  8, 000, 000  barrels,  and  as  the  area  of  these 
rocks  is  very  great,  they  may  contain  supplies 
calculated  to  last  an  indefinite  period  of  time. 
The  subject  is  one  well  worthy  the  attention  of 
all  interested  in  oil  wells. — N.  Y.  Journal  of 
Commerce. 


Decomposition  of  Wood-Tar  at  a  Red 
Heat. — A.  Atterberg  mentions  that  the  results 
obtained  by  Libermann,  Burg,  Salzmann,  and 
Wichelhaus  agree  with  his  own  observations  on 
the  tar  of  pine  wood.  By  passing  the  tar  and 
the  less  volatile  tar  oil  of  the  Swedish  "wood- 
oil"  works  through  iron  tubes  filled  with  coke 
at  bright  redness,  he  obtained  a  tar  containing 
all  the  important  constituents  of  coal  tar.  It 
yielded  7%  benzol  and  toluol;  it  was  rich  in 
naphthaline;  it  contained  a  tolerable  quantity 
of  anthracene,  but  little  phenol.  At  incipient 
redness  were  obtained  10%  toluol,  containing  a 
little  benzol;  phenols  boiling  between  190°  and 
and  220°,  but  little  phenylic  acid,  0.3%  of 
anthracene,  but  no  naphthaline. — Chemical 
New8. 


284 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[May  3,  1879. 


Table  of  Highest  and  Lowest  Sales  in 
S.  F.  Stock  Exchange. 


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Con  Imperial 

Crown  Point 

143      131 
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10c    .... 

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91        8! 
121      113 

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35c      i6c 

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3     2.90 

6}       6 

15c  10i 

60c 

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70c 
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53 
131 

95c 
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111     10 

Northern  Belle.... 

Navajo 

Occidental 

7         61 
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45c      40c 
4         3! 

4         31 
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30c      25c 
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30c  30c 
40c!  45c 
20c,  20c 
....    40c 

1.951.80 
50c!  75c 
10c!  10c 
57  i  691 

1 

South  Standard 

Star 

Vermont  Con 

Ward 

Yellow  Jacket 

1.05 
141 

1.15 
10c 
15c 

16 

Sales  at  S.  F.  Stock  Exchange. 


Friday  A.  M.,  Apr,  25. 

55  Alpha 19 

700  Alta 6i<tf6£ 

200  Andes 40(*45c 

330  Bullion 54 

140  Belcher 51 

140  Betst  &  Belcher.. 163@16l 

1240  Benton 43<ff4j 

1100  California 6R@7 

90  Confidence 13£ 

850  Con  Imperial 1.45 

770  Crown  Point 5@4.90 

450  Con  Virginia " 

175  Challenge 2 

50  Caledonia 1.85L— 

120  Exchequer 51@53 

100  Flowery. 65c 

5  Gould  &  Curry 83 

100  Hale&Nor llj 

80  Julia 3.85 

565  Justice 4.15@4.05 

500  Lady  Bryan 75@70c 

290  Lady  Wash 1$ 

340  Leviathan 55@60c 

240  Mexican. . . 34j@34i 

100  Mackey 1.60 

100  Mt  View 5J@53 


>  North  Con  Vir. 
890  N  Bonanza. 
580  New  York. 
260  Ophir 

50  Overman  .. 
340  Silver  Hill.. 

800  Succor 

275  Sierra  Nevada. 
250  Solid  Silver. . . . 

10  Savage 

260  Scorpion 

700  Trojan 

110  Utah 

130  Union  Con,... 

50  Wells-Fargo 10c 

30  Ward l.O&.o] 

220  Yellow  Jacket 16j| 

AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

1350  Argenca 1£@1.40 

200  Aurora  T 25c 


..10 
.1.40@H 

70c 

....27@27| 

!i".40@i!35 
25c 

..47iy47| 

30c 

SI 

.20@2.15 

10c 

..n'.iai; 


10  Bulwer 22 

100  Bodie 85 

610  Bechtel 95c@l 

900  Booker 50ta55c 

250  Belle  Isle 40@35c 

150  Black  Hawk 2.80 

150  Belmont 25c 

540  Belvid  re 1.4C@1  20 

550  C  Pacific 2.30@2.05 

360  Caledonia  (B  H) 2 

50  Dudley 40c 

190  Day 55@60c 

30  Eureka  Con 14*(§d43 

700  Grand  Prize 3.30@3£ 

50  Goodshaw 30c 

ISO  Gila 30@35c 

50  HuBsey 15c 

650  Highbridge 3Q@35c 

290  Independence 2.90 

600  Jupiter 55@60c 

515  Leopard 14(31.60 

50  Martin  White 53 

220  Mono 3.10(S'3.05 

325  McClinton 9&cft*<l 

-  460  Manhattan 2i 

250  Noonday 1.90@1? 

635  Northern  Belle 7 

200  N  Noonday uOc 

450  Navajo 20@15c 

800  Oriental 50c 

100  Paradise 1.60 

100  Richer 70c 

45  Raymond  &  Ely 4 

70  S  Standard. 

230  S  Bodie 

900  S  Bulwer.  .. 
130  Silver  Kins. 

100  Summit 

1075  Tioga  Con.. 

50  TiptoD 

525  Tuscarora  . . 

950  University 40c 

Suf  iirday  A.M..  Anr.  26. 

220  Alpha. 20@l9J 

550  Andes 35@40c 

345  Alta. 6jig£f 

350  Argenta 1,40 


.20c 

. .  .4U@35c 

75c 

8 

2.10 

..2J@2.10 
75c 


240  Bulwer  ... 

2045  Bechtel 1@1.05 

390  Bodie 79C^94 

50  Belvidere 1.35 

400  Black  Hawk 2.60 

50  Booker 50c 

90  Best  &  Bslcher..l6i@16i 

350  Belcher 5£@5i 

465  Bullion 5i@5Y 

430  Benton 4.35@4.40 

100  Belmont.. 
150  Belle  Isle. 
275  California. 
1100  Con  Imperial 14 

20  Chollar 6 

310  Crown  Point. 
570  Con  Virginia. 
225  Confidence 144,<t?14;i 

60  Caledonia 1.90@1.95 

110  Challenge 2.90(^2.95 

100  Champion 10c 

300  C  Pacific 2.30(321 

5  Caledonia  (B  H) 

100  Day  

215  Dudley 

510  Exchequer 5J@5jj 

35  Eureka  Con 14j 

370  Flowery 70@75c 

450  Gould&Curry 8jt@8! 

130  Grand  Prize 3.30 

400  Goodshaw 30c 

290  H&Norcross 12@11& 

550  Hussey. 15c 

150  Highbridge 10c 

350  Hillside 2J@2.40 

1020  Independence 

485  Justice 4.10 

305  Julia 3.S5@3.90 

650  Jupiter 50c 

250  Lady  Wash 14 

70  Leviathan 55@<i0c 

740  L  Bryan 85c 

170  Leopard. 1.55@i£ 

730  Mexican 35iiff  35i 

200  Mackey 65c 

100  MtView 5$ 

125  Manhattan 

200  McClinton I(a95c 

25  MWhite 6 

1370  Mono 3.10&»3 

570  New  York 75@70c 

20  N  Con  Virginia lOi 

155  Northern  Belle 6J(5?64 

200  N  Bonanza 1 .65 

500  N  Noonday :50c 

600  Noonday l.7I_ 

465  Ophir 23£<&27: 

200  Overman 9£(g9f 

10  Potosi 3S 

50  Phil  Sheridan 40c 

50  Paradise 1.60 

390  Raymond  &E 3.90 

300  Savage 10g@10i 

110  Succor 00c 

630  Sierra  Nevada 44 

265  Silver  Hill ±i@1.40 

150  Solid  Silver 30c 

500  Scorpion 2.20@4 

450  S  Bulwer 75c 

65  Silver  King.. 
200  South  Bodie. 

500  Trojan 10c 

200  Tuscarora 5c 

1450  Tioga 2J@2.7t' 

100  Tiptop 75c 

100  Union  Con 75@7; 

210  Utah Ii 

100  University 4Q< 

901)  Yellow  Jacket. . .  .17i@lfe 
Monday  A.  91.,  Apr.  28, 

295  Alpha 20(»19$ 

140  Alta 64. 

350  Andes 


350  Benton 4.40@4* 

340  Bullion 5i<a5£ 

330  Belcher 5* 

16  J  Best  &  Belcher...  16£@16; 

665  California ti|(.aV 

110  Confidence 14i(gH 

2c0  Con  Imperial 1.45 

400  Crown  Point 5J@ 

120  Chollar 6 

375  Con  Virginia 6J@b 

ISO  Caledonia 1.95(a2 

270  Exchequer 5|t»5i 

440  Flowery 70is80c 

150  Gould  &  Curry 85®"' 

2J0  Hale  &  Nor UKftli 

270  Julia 

540  Justice 4(34.10 

165  Kentuck 4jC*4.65 

250  Lady  Bryan S5(j#90c 

200  Leviathan 65c 

85  Lady  Wash U@1.45 

509  Mackey 1.90tal.9j 

675  Mexican 35^igj36 

1L0  Mountain  View 61 

425  N  Bonanza 1J 

640  North  Con  Vir....  U@10* 

600  New  York 75c 

590  Ophir 291^28; 

105  Overman 

50  Potoei 3 

190  Phil  Sheridan 

450  Solid  Silver iiOcj 

775  Scorpion 2. 

150  Silver  Hill 1.40^1^ 

10  Seg  Belcher 2e 

550  Succor 25@30c 

770  Sierra  Nevada... 

260  Savage 10J@105 


550  Benton 4.30@4.15 

1945  Con  Virginia 6} 

2125  Con  Imperial 1$@1.45 

250  Challenge 2.90@2.95 

805  California 7@62 

25  Chollar 5? 

485  Crown  Point 5i@5 

100  Confidence 14}<3144 

70  Caledonia 2(31.90 

680  Exchequer 5J@5i 

150  Flowery 85c 

625  Gould&Curry Sj!@9 

165  H  &  Norcross B^llf 

280  Justice 3.90@1 

10  Julia 3.95(£4 

125  Kentuck 4.65@4.70 

625  L  Bryan 90@95c 

500  Leviathan 65c 

740  Mexican 37J@363 

370  Mackey 2.10(32.15 

150  Mt  View tij@ii4 

395  N  Bonanza H(31.40 

85  North  Con  Vir..lli(3m 

960  Ophir 32@33J 

255  Overman 10 

50  Potosi 

260  Sierra  Nevada 49@50 

45  Savage 10f 

15  Seg  Belcher 28i 

300  Silver  Hill 1.30@1.35 

100  Succor 30c 

730  Scorpion 2.40(32.30 

200  Trojan 5c 

160  Union  Con 74i@74 

25  Utah 16J 

100  Woodville 30c 

690  Ward 1.1a 

470  YeUow  Jacket..  .17i@17g 

AKTEENuW  SESSRijs 

750  Argenta @1. 60®  1.65 

600  Albion 25c 

50  AuroraT 1 

910  BeUelsle 35c 

105  Bulwer 214.(321! 

500  Bechtel 1.05(31 

65  Bodie ;>; 

17u  Bemdere 11@1.35 

595  Black  Hawk 2(a2.10 

200  Booker 40c 

335  Caledonia  (B  H) 2.10 

130  CPacific 2; 

150  Champion 15c 

735  Dudley 45(£40c 

90  Eureka  Con 15 

500  Fourth  July 45c 

135  GrandPrize 3.40(33} 

50  Goodshaw 30c 

100  Golden  Terra 9 

110  Hillside 2J 

100O  Hussey 

135  Independence. 

350  Jackson 6 

1150  Jupiter 50@60c 

60  Leopard 1£(31.60 

625  McClinton 90c(31 

270  Manhattan 24(32.40 

585  Mono 3i(cf'3.30 

1150  Navajo 20c 

430  Northern  Belle 6|(t*?7 

850  Noonday 1.65@1.60 

150  Paradise 14. 

60  Raymoud&Ely 3i 

20  Real  del  Monte 3j 

250  Red  Cloud 75c 

1250  Star 45c 

50  Syndicate 2 

380  Summit 2 

20  S  Bodie 35c 

200  S  Bulwer 60@55c 

10  Silver  King 84 

175  Tuscarora 10(j*15c 

650  Tioga 2.10@2 

240  Tiptop 75c 

200  University 40c 

Vtcd'sduy  A.M.,  Apr.  HO. 

375  Alta. 6J@6j| 

300  Andes 35(a40c 

165  Bullion 5i(35jJ 

1395  Belcher 6/^7 

370  B&Belcher 162iffl6S 

4.30@4] 


150  Trojan 5igl0c 


105  Utah 15i@16 

50  WeUs-Fargo 5c 

150  Ward 1.10 

250  Woodville 25c 

85  Yellow  Jacket. .  .17J@17g 
AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

685  Argenta 1J 

300  Albion 35c 

225  Belmont 

650  Belle  Isle 40@35c 

95  Bodie ...It 

650  Bechtel l.C__: 

245  Belvidere H@l.a0 

100  Bulwer. 21i@2I2 

395  Black  Hawk 2.10(32j 

810  Booker 50@45c 

375  CPacific 2*@2.30 

100  Caledonia  (B  H) 2.2t- 

500  Dudley 50{345c 

30  Eureka  Con 14i 

260  GrandPrize 3J@3.40 

SO  Golden  Terra 9 

1100  Hussey 20c 

170  HiUside 2j 

200  Hamburg 50. 

800  Highbridge 30@35t 

265  Independence 2.95@3 

10  J  ackson 6 

1975  Jupiter 60@65c 

395  Leopard Ii 

300  Leeds 60c 

125  Manhattan 2i 

250  McClinton 95c@l 

190  Mono 3f 

50  M  White & 

100  Northern  Belle 6[ 

1000  Navajo 20c 

470  Noonday 1.90(rtli 


150  Paradist 

150  Raymond  &  Ely.. 
50  Real  Del  Monte. 

200  Star 

20  Summit 

110  Silver  King 

100  S  Standard 

700  SBodie 

1500  S  Bulwer.... 
1450  Tioga  Con.. 

130  Tiptop 

950  University.. 
Tuesday  A.  M 


...40c 

-.2.10 


.20c 


...75@70c 
.  .2.J0c- 2J 

75c 

40c 

\pr.  39, 


450  Alta 6J@6 

20  Alpha .191 

505  Belcher 5Ji«5| 

495  Bullion 5|^53| 

110  Be8t& Belcher.. r16J@16i 


710  Benton 4.30@4J 

535  California 6J(37 

20  Confidence 14S 

175  Caledonia 1.95(g2 

2275  Con  Imperial.  .1.45(31. 40 

1030  Crown  Point 53@5J 

975  Con  Virginia 6jj(36jr 

570  Challenge 3.10(33 

370  Chollar 6 

855  Exchequer. 51(354; 

150  Flowery 85@s0c 

335  Gould  &  Curry 9@9i 

7>  Hale  &  Nor 12<ffl2i 

215  Julia 3.95(a3.80 

700  Justice 3j(33.70 

205  Kentuck 4J 

780  Lady  Bryan 95@80c 

450  Leviathan 60(gti5c 

110  Mexican 374 

50  Mackey 2.15 

50  Mount  View 7 

350  N  Bonanza.  ...1.45@1.40 
555  North  Con  Vir Hi 

50  New  York 65c 

1630  Ophir 38j(337 

440  Overman 10(31U;J 

1000  Phil  Sheridan 45c 

50  Potosi 3.95 

45  Silver  Hill 1.35 

700  Succor 30@35c 

290  8  Nevada 52<352i 

170  Savage 11 

50  Solid  Silver 25c 

210  Scorpion 2i@2.45 

330  St  Louis 30c 

175  Utah 16i@16j 

150  Union 74@74i 

300  Woodville 25c 

40  Wells-Fargo 5c 

620  Ward 1.10@1.15 

225  Yellow  Jacket. . .  .17i@l7 
AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

1700  Albion 30@2Sc 

1150  Argenta 1.70(«@lji 

350  Booker 35@45c 

250  Belvidere 14@1.20 

30  Bulwer 20(3184 

470  Black  Hawk 
300  Belle  isle... 

140  Bodie 

1720  Bechtel 

100  Concordia . . 
375  Con  Pacific. 
500  Champion  . . . 

1000  Crcesus 10c 

300  Caledonia  (B  H) 2 .  20 

300  DeFreea 10c 

1300  Day 45@40c 

100  Eureka  Con 16 

800  Fourth  July 45@50c 

70  Grand  Prize 31 

500  Golden  Terra 9 

100  Goodshaw 30c 

425  Hussey 15c 

140  Hillside ....24(32:} 

800  Highbridge 30@25c 

330  Independence  . . .  .2.90@3 

340  Jupiter 50c 

100  Jackson 6J 

190  Leeds 75@60c 


.2.10 
..35c 


.2]@2.30 


165  Leopard 

430  Mono 

275  Manhattan 

50  McClinton 

400  Noonday 

240  Northern  Belle 

350  Paradise 

100  Real  del  Monte. 

75  Raymond  is  Ely 
100  Richer 

10  S  Standard 

10  Silver  King 

450  S  Bulwer ._, .     , 

100  SBodie .'35c 

50  Summit 2.05 

200  Star £0c 

600  Tuscarora 10c 

1315  Tioga  Con o 

25  Tiptop. . . .  r fin/. 

1250  University 


.li 
-.31(33.55 

2i 

85c 

...1.90(32 

6^(n6£ 

..14@1.45 

4 

....31 
. . . .65c 
....20c 

81 

.65(370c 


MINING  SHAREBOLDERS'  DIRECTORY. 

Compiled  every  Thursday  from  Advertisements  in  Mining  and  Scientific  Press  and  other  S.  F.  Journals. 
ASSESSMENTS-STOCKS  ON  THE  LISTS  OF  THE  BOARDS. 


Company. 
Booker  Con  G  M  Co 
Brilliant  M  Co 
Best  &  Belcher  M  Co 
Bechtel  Con  M  Co 
Belmont  M  Co 
Caledonia  S  M  Co 
Crown  Point  Ravine  G  &.  S 
DeFrees  M  &  M  Co 
Gould  &  Curry  S  M  Co 
Hale  &  Norcross  S  M  Co 
Leopard  M  Co 
Martin  White  M  Co 
McCrackin  Con  M  Co 
Modock  Con  M  Co 
Mono  G  M  Co 
North  Carson  S  M  Co 
N  Con  Virginia  M  Co 
Panther  M  Co 
Phil  Sheridan  G  &  S  M  Co 
Trojan  M  Co 
Raymond  &  Ely  M  Co 
Real  Del  Monte  M  Co 
Sierra  Nevada  S  M  Co 
Succor  M  fit  M  Co 
Tioga  Con  M  Co 
Tuscarora  M&MCo 
Union  Con  S  M  Co 
Yellow  Jacket  S  M  Co 
Wells  Fargo  M  Co 


Location. 

California 
Nevada 
Nevada 

California 
Nevada 
Nevada 
M  Co  Nev 
Nevada 
Nevada 
Nevada 
Nevada 
Nevada 
Arizona 

California 

California 
Nevada 
Nevada 
Nevada 
Nevada 
Nevada 
Nevada 
Nevada 
Nevada 
Nevada 

California 
Nevada 
Nevada 
Nevada 
Nevada 


Amt.  Levied. 

25  Apr  23 

25  Apr  26 

1  00  Apr  17 

25  Apr  19 

30  Apr  4   . 

50  April 

15  Apr  16 

10  Mar  11 

1  00  Mar  11 

100  Mar  12 

50  MarlO 

1  50  Dec  14 

50  Oct  22 

50  Feb  13 

50  Mar  27 

25  Apr  26 

1  00  Mar  21 

10  Apr  3 

40  Mar  24 

25  Apr  9     ' 

1  00  Apr  23 
50  Mar  29 

2  00  Apr  16 
50  Apr  23 
20  Apr  3 
05  Mar  27 

1  50  Apr  2 

1  00  Apr  15 

25  Apr  23 


OTHER  COMPANIES-NOT  ON  THE  LISTS  OP  THE  BOARDS. 


Amazon  Con  ~M  Co 

Almaden  Q  M  Co 

Black  Hawk  G  M  Co 

Butte  Creek  H  M  Co 

Champion  M  Co 

Cherokee  Flat  Blue  Grav  Co 

Dudley  M  Co 

Eagle  S  M  &  M  Co 

Equitable  T  k  M  Co 

Florence  Blue  Grav  M  Co 

Globe  Con  M  Co 

Goodshaw  M  Co 

Hazard  G  M  Co 

Hidalgo  M  &  S  Co 

Jupiter  M  Co 

Lewis  Con  S  M  Co 

Mayflower  Gravel  M  Co 

McMillenSMCo 

Mt  Jefferson  M  &  M  Co 

North  Bonanza  M  Co 

Northern  Light  G  &  S  M  Co 

North  Noonday  M  Co 

Noonday  M  Co 

Pioneer  Con  M  Co 

Queen  Bee  M  Co 

Richer  M  Co 

Rocky  Point  M  Co 

Silver  King  South  M  Co 

Summit  M  Co 

Seg  Europa  M  Co 

Silver  Kill  M  Co 

Selby  Hill  M  Co 

Sophia  G  M  Co 

South  Utah  M  Co 

Tiger  M  Co 

Twin  Peak  M  Co 

University  G  M  Co 


Name  op  Company. 
Diana  G  &  S  M  Co 
Endowment  M  Co 
Golden  Gate  Con  H  M  Co 
Justice  M  Co 
Justice  Con  M  Co 
Morgan  M  Co 

San  Francisco  Copper  M  Co 
Tiger  M  Co 
Woodville  Con  S  M  Co 


Nevada  6 

California  2 

California  5 

California  2 

California  3 

California  41 

California  3 

Nevada  13 

Utah  20 

California  4 

Nevada  11 

California  3 

California  3 

California  1 

California  3 

Arizona  1 

California  4 

Arizona  2 

California  6 

Nevada  2 

California  4 

California  1 

California  2 

Nevada  5 

California  2 

California  2 

California  1 

Arizona  3 

California  7 

Nevada  1 

Nevada  6 

California  2 

California  1 

Nevada  2 

Arizona  3 

Nevada  2 

California  1 


10  Mar  24 

25  Apr  15 

25  Apr  28 

25  Apr  16 

15  Apr  15 

05  Apr  10 

25  Apr  8 

20  Apr  16 

10  Mar  21 

05  Apr  18 

10  Mar  29 

10  Apr  23 

10  Mar  21 

01  Mar  29 
20  Apr  24 

02  Mar  26 
Mar  26 
Mar  19 

05  Mar  21 

50  Apr  30 

10  Apr  9 

20  Mar  27 

20  Mar  27 
05  Mar  6 
10  Mar  6 
25  Mar  8 
10  Apr  17 
10  Mar  12 
05  Feb  4 
25  Apr  4 
50  Apr  7 
50  Apr  19 

021  Apr  23 
10  Apr  7 
30  Mar  14 
15  April 
10  Marl 


10 
25 


Dblinq' 

tt.    Sale 

June  2 

June  23 

May  30 

June  21 

May  21 

June  10 

May  26 

June  9 

May  10 

June  2 

May  16 

June  6 

May  20 

June  9 

April 

May  3 

Apr  16 

May  8 

Apr  16 

May8 

Apr  14 

May  5 

Jan  21 

May  5 

Mar  3 

May  15 



May  15 

Mayl 

May  21 

June  2 

June  20 

Apr  24 

May  13 

May  7 

May  28 

Apr  25 

May  13 

May  15 

June  6 

June  2 

July  1 

Mavl 

May  20 

May  20 

June  10 

May  28 

June  17 

May  8 

May  28 

May  5 

May  30 

May  5 

May  24 

May  19 

June  17 

May  24 

June  10 

Apr  2S 

May  20 

May  17 

Juue 10 

June  5 

June  23 

May  17 

June  17 

May  21 

June  10 

May  12 

June  10 

May  10 

June  9 

May  20 

June  10 

Apr  23 

May  14 

May  22 

June  9 

Anr  30 

May  26 

May  30 

June  20 

Anr  22 

May  9 

May  8 

June  9 

May  26 

June  25 

May  3 

May  26 

Apr  30 

May  20 

Apr  23 

May  15 

May  2 

May  27 

June  4 

June  29 

May  14 

June  2 

May  2 

May  23 

May  1 

May  22 

Apr  12 

May  3 

Apr  9 

May  5 

Apr  14 

May  5 

May  29 

June  16 

Apr  23 

May  20 

Mar  11 

May  fi 

May  8 

May  27 

May  13 

June  3 

May  26 

June  12 

May  26 

June  13 

May  10 

May  31 

Apr  23 

May  19 

May  16 

June  5 

Apr  5 

Apr  26 

Secretary.  Place  op  Business 

W  H  Lent  309  Montgomery  st 

W  AM  Van  Bokkelen  419  Cal  st 


Wm  Willis 
Wm  H  Lent 
J  W  Pew 
R  Wegener 
J  M  Buffington 
T  E  Atkinson 
A  K  Durbrow 
Joel  F  Lightncr 
R  H  Brown 
J  J  Scoville 
H  A  Whiting 
JWPew 
Wm  H  Lent 
J  W  Morgan 
G  C  Pratt 
JWPew 
D  L  Thomas 
David  Wilder 
Jos  Roberts.  Jr 
C  V  D  Hubbard 
W  W  Stetson 
Wm  H  Watson 
W  H  Lent 
M  E  Sperlimr 
J  M  Buffington 
Mercer  Otey 
O  HBogart 


Montgomery  st 

309  Montgomery  at 

310  Pine  st 

414  California  st 

309  California  st 

318  Pine  st 

309  Montgemery  et 

309  Montgomery  Bt 

327  Pine  st 

59  Nevada  Block 

2ll  Sansome  st 

310  Pine  st 

309  Montgomery  st 

318  Pine  st 

309  Montgomery  si 

310  Pine  st 

203  Bush  Bt 

328  Montgomery  st 

330  Pine  Bt 

203  Bush  Bt 

309  Montgomery  st 

302  Montgomery  st 

309  Montgomery  st 

309  California  st 

309  California  st 

Gold  Hill,  Nev 

106  Leidesdorff  st 


Jno  Crockett 
J  F  Mahoney 
H  A  Charles 
R  L  Taylor 
Jno  Crockett 
R  N  Van  Brunt 
E  C  Masten 
Jno  E  Dixon 
Chas  J  Collins 
F  A  McGee 
O  H  Bogart 
Victor  Fernbach 
J  T  McGeogbegan 
J  Costa 
E  C  Masten 
J  W  Pew 
J  Morizio 
J  Morizio 
R  N  Van  Brunt 
W  W  Stetson 
S  F  Monroe 
G  A  Hold  en 
G  A  Holden 
J  M  Buffington 
Thos  A  White 
W  H  Lent 
T  L  Bibbina 
A  Judson 
E.  N  Van  Brunt 
R  B  Noyes 
W  E  Dean 
H  Aug  Whiting 
L  L  Blood 
C  S  Healy 
W  H  Lent 


T  W  Colbum 
Wm  Letts  Oliver 


203  BuBh  st 

207  Sansome  et 

419  California  et 

310  Pine  at 

203  Bush  st 

318  Pine  st 

309  Montgomery  Bt 

327  Pine  st 

227  Monteom-  ry  Bt 

Merchants'  Ex 

106  Leidesdorff  st 

327  Pine  Bt 

318  Pine  Bt 

323  Front  Bt 

309  Montgomery  sfc 

310  Pine  et 

32B  Montgomery  st 

328  Montgomery  st 

318  Pine  Bt 

309  Montgomery  at 

419  California  st 

310  Pine  et 

310  Pine  st 

309  California  at 

113  Leideedorff  at 

309  Montgomery  st 

314  Bush  at 

320  Sansome  st 

318  Pine  st 

240  Montgomery  st 

203  Bush  st 

211  Sansome  Bt 

Merchants'  Ex 

Merchants'  Exchange 

309  Montgomery  st 


MEETINGS  TO  BE  HELD. 


Location.    Secretary. 


Nevada  Jno  T  McGeoghehan 

Nevada  Jno  E  Dixon 

California  J  o  TGtoghehan 

Nevada  R  E  Kelley 

Nevada  R  E  Kel'ey 

California  J  J  Raphael 

California  P  Sanchez 

Arizona  Wm  H  Lent  30 

Nevada  R  E  Kelley 


Office  in  S.  F. 

318  Pine  st 
327  Pine  Et 
318  Pine  st 

41'*  California  st 
419  f'uliforitia  st 
533  Kearny  Bt 
258  Market  st 
>  Montgomery  st 
419  California  st 


414  California  st 
328  Montgm'y  st 


Datk 


Special 
Annual 
Special 
Annual 
Annual 
Annual 
Annual 
Annual 
Annual 


LATEST  DIVIDENDS-WITHIN    THEEE    MONTHS 


Name  of  Company. 
Con  Virginia  M  Co 
Excelsior  W  &  M  Co 
Eureka  Con  M  Co 
Napa  Con  Q  M  Co 
Standard  Con  M  Co 


Location.  Secretary. 

Nevada  A  W  Haven 

California  G  P  Thurston 

Nevada  W  W  Traylor 

California  Wm  W  Parrish 

California  W  Willis 


Office  in  S.  F. 

209  Montgomery  st 

315  California  st 

37  Nevada  Block 

328  Montgomery  st 

309  Montgomery  st 


Amount. 

50 

25 

1  00 

10 
50 


May  12 
May  5 
May  9 
May  5 
May  5 
May  3 
May  5 
May  5 
May  5 


Payable 
April  15 
Apr  21 
Apr  21 
Apr  30 
Anr  12 


SALES  OF   LAST  WEEK   AND  THIS  COMPARED 
Apr. 


Thursd'y  A.  ill, 

25  Alpha 

240  Alta 5gi_ 

700  Andes 40<a45c 

115  Best&  Belcher....  15j@16 

280  Bullion 5J@.r 

ltiQ  Belcher I 

480  Benton 4 

50  Chollar 53 

1885  Con  Virginia. 6* 

200  Crown  Point 4J 

215  California 0 , 

350  Con  Imperial.  .1.35(81.40 

95  Confidence 141@14 

210  Challenge 2.80@2.85 

250  Exchequer 5i@5J 

800  Flowery 65c 

120  Goulds  Curry S\m\ 

100  Hale  &  Nor 1H@11 

560  Justice 3.70«e3.tl 

235  Julia 3.90O3.85 

10  Lady  Bryan 70c 

200  Lady  Wash 

475  Leviathan 50@60o 

30  Mexican 34(^341 

135  Mackey 1A@1.60 

500  Margarita .15c 

150  Mounta  n  View  . .  .54' 

45  North  Con  Vir 

650  New  York 60C 

910  N  Bonanza.... 1.30<^1. 40 

400  Ophir 263@27 

190  Overman 

70  Potosi.  . . 

35  Phil  Sheridan 45c 

160  Sierra  Nevada 46J@46 

200  Succor 25c 

255  Silver  Hill 1.20@i; 

90  Savage 

700  Solid  Silver „.30c 

995  Scorpion 

280  Trojan 10c 

130  Utah 14{ 

230  Union  Con 69@69,. 

1C0  Ward 1.05 

100  Wells-Fargo 10c 

155  Yellow  Jacket.... 15g@16 

AFTERNOON  BESSION. 

630  Argenta 1.40@U 

495  Aurora  T 15@20c 

380  Albion 60c 

80  Bodie 

40  Bulwer 21g 

200  Booker 50@55c 

470  Belvidere 1.40@14 

335  Black  Hawk . . .  2 . 60(g2 .  70 

700  Belle  Isle. 35@40c 

600  Belmont 10@30c 

445  Bechtel. . . ._. 90(a95c 


400  Caledouia(BH).2.10(rt2.20 


..2.10(«'2 

25c 

10c 

,  .C0@55c 

40c 

15 


100  C  Pacific. 

30  Champion . . 
100  DeFrees.... 

575  Day 

350  Dudley 

90  Eureka  Con 
30 J  Good6haw... 
330  Grand  Prize, 
300  Gila 3; 

50  Highbridge 35c 

600  Hamburg 50c 

150  HillBide 2 

375  Independence.. ..2i@2.i__ 

50  Jackson 6£@tj£ 


■3 


Tli  m  1  Ml  ■!  y  AV  HI.,  May.  1. 

100  Alta 6g 

10  Alpha 19 

85  Best  &  Belcher 16£ 

1295  Belcher 61(563 

230  Bullion 5jijr5i 

100  Benton 4$ 

495  California 6g@7 

1050  Con  Virginia 6i! 

650  Con  Imperial 1.40 

30  Confidence 14* 

330  Crown  Point 5| 

220  Caledonia 1.90@1.85 

270  Challenge 2i@2.E5 

800  Exchequer 5fl 

1840  Flowery 65@80c 

345  Gould  &  Curry 9$@9i 

270  Hale  &  Nor lli^lll 

330  Justice 3.70@3i 

415  Julia 3^<g3.7( 

100  Kentuck 4.70 

530  L  Bryan 70c 

150  LadvWash. 1.15@lj 

250  Leviathan 60(S65c 

520  Mexican .... 
100  MtView.... 

90  Mackey....! 
370  New  York.. 

50  N  Con  Vir. . 
750  N  Bonanza. 
200  Ophir 

35  Overman  . . . 

270  Potosi 

130  Savage 

25  Sec  Belcher. 

600  Succor 

650  SierraNevada 48i@49 

185  Silver  Hill lj 

100  Scorpion 2.30 

50  Trojan 5c 

115  Utah 151(fcl53 

60  Uniou  Con 71i@72 

200  Woodville 20c 

50  Wells-Fargo 5c 

300  Ward 1 .10@1 .05 

490  Yellow  Jacket. . .  .16£@17 


m 

.1.10@1.20 
. . .  .33J@34 

V.'.'.'.'.'Xw 

101 

25 

..30c 


AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

100  Albion 35c 

1100  Amenta 1£@1.80 

100  Belmont 20c 

595  Booker 40@50c 

400  Black  Hawk 2.10 

295  Bulwer 12J(ai23 

600  Belvidere 1.15 

1320  Bechtel 1@1.10 

1115  Bodie §i@n 

450  Champion 15@20c 

23i5  Caledonia  (B  H).2.20@21 

200  CPacific 2J 

300  Day 45040c 

410  Dudley 35@40c 

165  Eureka  Con 17(gl7i 

1750  Fourth  July 35@40c 

"""  GrandPrize 3i 


3350  Jupiter 60@65c  700 

350  Leopard 1L01.6O  250 

20  Martin  White :...5J   150 

220  Mono 3.10@3.05    310 

300  May  Belle 25c    900 

520  McCHnton Ii395c    150 

125  Manhattan 2£@2.55   250 

310  Northern  Belle 7  300 

1100  Navajo 20c  140 

500  ISoonday 1.90     15 

100  N  Noonday 80c    350 

50  Paradise 14j  190 

200  Richer 70@75c    540 

320  Ravmond  &  Ely.  .3i<ff3.S0  60 
225  Revenue 1     6i 

10O0  S  Bulwer 75@70Ci  210 

If  0  S  Standard 20c   100 

570  SBodie 40(a35c!  395 

30  Silver  King 8   645 

60  Summit 2.20!  200 

1100  Tuscarora 5c'  200 

110  Tioga  Con 1.70@lt  1195 

1C0  Tiptop EOc  1050 

300  University 40c  100 


Golden  Terra 10@11 

Goodshaw ..30c 

Hussey 15o 

Hillaide 2i<g2.60 

Highbridge 30c 

Independence 2.60 

Jupiter. 50c 

Leopard 1A 

Manhattan 2J 

MWhite 6 

McClinton 95c<31 

Mono 31(33.60 

Noonday 2.20(32.30 

Northern  Belle 6j(&7 

Paradise 14 

Raymond  &  Ely 3j 

S  Bulwer. 65(370c 

Summit 2 

Silver  King 8@8$ 

South  Standard .'.15(320c 

S  Bodie 35c 

Tioga  Con 2 

Tuscarora 10c 

Tiptop 75c 


Pacific  Board— Latest  Sales. 


Wed'sday  A.M..  Apr.  30. 

70  Best  &  Belcher..  .16g@163 
220  California 6.95@7 

50  Chollar 5.95 

120  Con  Virginia 6.70 

730  Crown  Point 5gf35.7l 

300  Gould  &  Curry. . .  .9@9.0; 

150  Hale  &  Nor 12@12J 

220  Mexican 36K<»37K 

150  Ophir 37(336i 

240  Savage 10g@ll 

50  Yellow  Jacket 178 

A  FTERNOON  SESSION. 

55  Andes 35c 

195  Belcher 6J@6.70 

155  Boston 2.30@2J 

10  Best&  Belcher 16g 


20  California 6.95 

20  Challenge 2.90 

100  Con  Imperial.. 1.45<ai. 40 

350  Crown  Point 5g@5.70 

15  Exchequer 51@53 

110  Gould  &  Curry 9@9J 

100  Herald 25c 

li  0  Justice 31 

20  Lady  Wash 1? 

5  Mexican 36( 

370  Ophir 36i@35j 

20  Savage 10l 

10  Sierra  Nevada 52$ 

50  SBodie 35c 

100  S  Utah 4c 

100  Wells-Fargo 5c 


California  Board—  Latest  Sales. 


Wed'aday  A.M.,  Apr.  30, 

50  Andes  40c 

300  Atlanta lc 

40  AlD&a 19j<ai9i 

40  Alta r»i@6i 

30  Belcher. 6i 

40  Best  &  Belcher. . . .  Ifi<ai6i 
50  Bullion 5)(M 

200  Brilliant 25c 

30  California 1 

40  Con  Virginia 

300  Con  Imperial 11W1.45 

50  Crown  Point 5i@5.20 

30  Chollar til 

140  Challenge 3.10C<?3j 

90  Caledonia 1. 90@1.95 

55  Exchequer 5j@5? 

40  Gould  &  Curry 8( 

300  Globe lie 

50  Hale  &  Nor 12| 

20  Julia. 4 

30  Juatico 3.85 

50  Mexican 370374 


100  Mint 18c 

200  Monumental 2o 

GO  Ophir 36@36J 

70  Potosi 4. 05(84 

50  Senator 10o 

50  Silver  Jacket 750 

100  Silver  Hill 1.35 

200  SUtah If 

50  Sierra  Nevada. . .  .52(352) 

60  Savage 10J(«Tl0i 

20  Union 74} 

100  Woodville 35c 

100  WmPenn 250 

100  Wells-Fargo 6o 

20  Yellow  Jacket  ..17i@17J 

AFTERNOON  8E33ION. 

120  yEtna 7c 

100  Atlanta ;£> 

200  Atlantic 22j 

75  Alexander 

40  Alpha 

60  Alta Oil 

50  Belcher 61C 


May  3,  1879. 1 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


285 


65  Bat  *  Belch*.- r ..  .10;  ■'I'm 

60  Bullion BIWU 

120  Boston li«ii: 

120  Black  H.iwlt   2.10! 

SO  California :l**ll\ 

N  Oon  VlntluU 6.7«3«J' 

300  Coo  Imperial. ...1.15WIJ 

90  Crown  Point 5iW5(l 

60J  OoaoUon *c 

W  t'hollar.    .. 

130  Cslnlonla 1.96^4 

130  Challeucu 3.15uTJi 

to  Exobequo* SlmS.su1 

200  Enterprise 1; 

300  OlolM I2ic' 

110  Gould  &  Curry 9i«y. 


100  Glynn  Dalr ;V 

220  Guodshaw.... 

70  Hale  4  Nor 

SO  JulU 

t0  Justice 3.W/0.9S 

40  Meitcan 

40  Ophlr Jr^:tl3»j| 

60  Fotosi 4.0*^4 

50  Ba»aBe llf  111 

40  Sierra  Nevada 
110  SOtoi  Km  I 

160  TUfer 1J 

40  Union  Con 75«H5| 

600  WeU*-F*rao 

130  Wale*.  1    100]    05 

90  Vellow  Jacket 


Mining  Share  Market 

Hopeful  signs  of  life  have  beeu  seon  here  and 
there  during  the  past  week,  though  tho  fluctua- 
tions have  not  been  very  great,  nor  pricos  very 
permanent  Thcro  have  been  some  good  fea- 
tures and  some  serious  drawbacks.  The  former 
in  the  scarcity  of  marginal  holders,  the  absence 
of  wild  and  varied  fluctuations,  and  ;i  firm  and 
apparently  healthy  demand  for  prominent  share*. 
The  latter  in  the  discouraging  lack  of  depend- 
ence to  be  placed  on  the  regularity  of  present 
bullion  production  and  the  delay  in  reaching  the 
long-promised  new  bonanza  ground  in  the  Coin- 
stocks.  The  early  part  of  the  week  presented 
the  same  old  story,  prices  firm  and  business 
light.  Farther  along,  a  stronger  tone  was  de- 
veloped and  a  number  of  stocks,  notably  the 
south  end  Comstocks,  rose.  The  movement 
was  slight,  however,  for  but  few  succeeded  in 
reaching  a  dollar  rise.  Toward  the  close  there 
was  astreuthening  of  quotations  all  along  the  line, 
with  an  evident  purpose  of  forcing  a  rising  and 
active  market.  This  movement  can  hardly  be 
referred  to  any  actual  "finds,''  it  is  rather  the 
result  of  a  feeling  that  there  is  a  better  and 
more  healthy  speculative  market  not  far  ahead 
in  the  future. 


Accounts  for  Their  Failure. 

Editors  Press  : — In  your  last  issue  you  say 
that  you  are  surprised  at,  and  cannot  account 
for,  the  many  English  failures  in  "  stocks, 
mines,  tunnels  and  other  schemes"  on  this  coast, 
and  court  answers  from  those  who  think  they 
can  throw  any  light  on  the  subject. 

In  regard  to  stocks  Euglish  investors  have,  in 
common  with  all  outsiders  in  this  hazardous 
game,  only  added  to  the  ill-gotten  gains  of 
the  insiders.  As  regards  their  investments  in 
mines,  1  must  be  allowed  to  dissent  from  the 
following  expressions  that  occur  in  your  remarks 
on  this  subject  :  "And  yet  they  do  not  seem 
to  have  acted  precipitately  in  making  these 
investments."  "They  neglected  none  of  the 
usual  precautions."  "  They  employed  com- 
petent experts,"  etc.,  etc. 

In  treating  this  matter  seriously  it  must  be 
admitted  that  there  are  many  blanks  to  a  prize 
in  American  as  well  as  English  mining,  and 
therefore  more  than  ordinary  amounts  of  practi- 
cal experience  aud  common  sense  are  required, 
for  both  selection  and  development  of  mines, 
here  as  weU  as  elsewhere. 

I  will  therefore  ask  you,  and  through  you 
these  English  investors,  the  following  pertinent 
questions  : 

Would  they  be  willing  to  work  a  Cornish 
mine  Bimply  on  the  recommendations  of  college 
professors  or  graduates,  even  were  they  no  less 
eminent  than  Dana  or  the  celebrated  English- 
men} Lyell,  De  le  Beche  or  Murchison  ?  Have 
not  Cornish  mines  been  Invariably  worked  only 
after  advice  from  experienced,  practical  captains  ? 

We  have  many  such  practical  men  here  whose 
intelligence  and  long  experience  have  greatly 
aided  American  miners  to  success;  yet,  strange 
as  it  may  appear,  only  in  a  few  instances,  have 
these  parties  from  abroad  availed  themselves  of 
their  valuable  services.  If  they  would  consult 
more  generally  the  opinions  of  men  having 
practical  knowledge  of  mines  and  mining  affairs, 
their  chances  for  making  a  final  success  would 
be  greatly  increased;  besides,  we  hardly  ever 
hear  of  anyone  belonging  to  this  class  of  experts, 
making  money  enough  out  of  two  or  three  mine 
examinations  to  enable  them  to  give  up  business 
and  live  on  their  incomes. 

Anglo-Columbian. 

San  Francisco,  April  29th,  1879. 


Copper  City,  Shasta  County. — We  learn 
that  since  the  recent  assignment,  the  Extra 
mining  company's  mill  is  steadily  yielding  a 
good  profit  and  the  assignees  are  paying  off  the 
back  wages  of  the  workmen,  as  preferred  claims 
under  the  law.  The  O'Harra  furnace  has  done 
good  service  at  this  mine.  This  furnace  has 
demonstrated  that  ores  in  this  district  can  be 
worked  at  a  profit.  Will  not  this  fact  prove  an 
incentive  for  capitalists  of  good  judgment  to 
come  forward  in  season  and  develop  many  of  the 
idle  and  rich  claims  of  Shasta  county,  having 
ores  that  have  heretofore,  been  considered  diffi- 
cult of  reduction.  The  Winthrop  company  are 
doing  limited  prospect  work.  The  After- 
thought company  have  a  new  O'Harra  furnace 
erected,  which  will  go  into  operation  soon. 


At  the  Iowa  Agricultural  College  every  girl  in 
the  junior  class  is  taught  how  to  cook  aud  other 
household  accomplishments. 

A  valuable  limestone  quarry  has  been  dis- 
covered in  the  hills  west  of  Colusa. 


ining    -Summary. 


The  following  it  mostly  condensed  from  Journals  pub- 
lished in  the  Interior,  in  proximity  to  tho  mines  mentk>iKd. 

CALIFORNIA. 
AMADOR. 

Till  0X1  ,  .  n  -'it  has  been 

for  pome  tuba  pM  to  U 
"'  a  voin  o(  quart  dated  1  1  exist  In  ii»  dlr< 

1 id  wa»  run      to  this,  crosscut  a  ledge  fa  1-  bi  an  struck, 

which,  being  followed  down  ■  short  distance,  has  de- 
veloped some  vurv  Mi  tooklnj  rock,  it  i«  reported  that  a 
Dumb*  r  ..f  additional  stain]**  will  be  eel  in  operation  si 
Ihe  mill  boui  11  e  Oral  ol  next  month,  there  being  only 
20  ■  mployi  d  si  thi  present  time 

PtYSIOl  ril  NOTES,     Cor.  Ledger,  April  26:     Aden   A:  Co 

i-.i  their  quarts  mine  to  ■  Ban  Francisco  com- 

panj     ol    est  pit  1I1-K  w 1 1 1.1    hi* vis    commenced  work.     Tho 

vl.uui  1*  |.;it.  !ii,.i.  iiml  is  located  about  throe-fourthi  "i  a 

mile  soutb  ol  the  Phainlx  lode,  Charles  Green  and  com- 
pans  have  commenced  work  ou  the  quartz  claim  on  the 

Bouth  extension  ol  Ti laa  Bowden  6  Co  a  obdm.    It  is 

their  Intention  to  fully  prospect  tin.  grouud  this  Benson. 
Lucky  Baldwin  U  Interested  in  the  development  of  the 
Wen  mine.    Last  Friday  the  long  deferred  pay  day  of  the 

PIhl'iiin  iviii pan)  rolled  around,  to  the  joy  of  the  work- 
men During  the  last  seven  months,  h<>  New  )fork  papers 
say,  dividends  have  been  paid  to  the  amount  or  §114,000. 
li  is  not  known  whether  that  meJudesaUtheaurpltu  earn- 
ings of  the  company  oronrj  Hie  dividends  paia  to  New 
York  stockholders. 

DEL  NORTE. 

CoAti  I'KUBi-KCT.— Crescent  City  Courier,  April  20:  While 
Jose  Terun  was  digging  post  holes  for  Jos.  Murhoffer,  on 
his  ranch,  he  titrucK  a  prospect  of  coal  which  is  thought 
to  bean  extensive  vein.  The  work  of  further  prospecting 
will  be  done  immediately,  which  may  develop  a  mine  of 
wealth. 

SlLVBR  Mine.—  A  rumor  is  atioat  that  a  silver  and  cop- 
per lode  has  lately  been  discovered  about  eight  miles 
north  of  Big  Flat,  by  a  Mr.  Condon,  if  reports  prove 
truo,  it  is  nearly,  if  not  quite  equal  to  the  great  mineral 
discoveries  at  Leadville,  Colorado.  The  work  of  pros- 
pecting it  has  already  began. 

ELDORADO 

Sprinofikld  Mink.— Placerville  Democrat,  April  20: 
This  mine,  formerly  the-  "Church  Union,"  is  in  splendid 
condition.  Tho  main  incline  will  soon  be  down  to  the  700 
level.  A  strong  force  is  at  work  on  the  slopes  keeping 
the  10-s tamp  mill  running  steadily.  The  development  of 
the  mine  has  progressed  so  fur  that  an  additional  battery 
of  10  stamps  will  soon  be  put  in.  Mr.  L.  K.  FoundBtone, 
the  superintendent,  is  thoroughly  conversant  with  bia 
business,  anil,  under  his  management,  everything  moves 
as  smooth  as  clock  work. 

FRESNO. 

Tin  Mink.—  Expositor,  April  26:  Since  the  discovery  of 
Charley  Converse's  tin  mine,  on  the  south  side  of  King's 
river,  several  other  deposits  of  tin  have  been  discovered 
in  the  Sierras.  The  deposits  appear  to  be  extensive — one 
vein  being  traced  for  over  a  mile,  aud  varying  iu  widtli 
from  80  to  00  ft.  If  the  ore  should  prove  rich  enough  to 
work,  and  sinking  on  the  veins  show  them  to  be  perma- 
nent, a  new  species  of  mining  industry  will  be  developed. 
A  good  tin  mine  is  more  valuable  than  a  gold  mine. 

MARIPOSA. 

Rich  Prospects.—  Gazette,  April  20:  A  rich  prospect 
has  recently  been  struck  in  the  Pine  Tree  mine  and  tun- 
nel, of  the  Mariposa  Land  and  Mining  Co.,  where  the 
tunnel  taps  or  crosses  the  specimen  vein.  At  this  point 
they  have  been  sinking  a  shaft  which  is  ICO  ft  below  the 
level  of  the  main  tunnel,  and  about  00  ft  below  the  bed  of 
the  river.  Already  a  four-ft  vein  of  good  milling  ore  is  at 
command,  and  in  this  is  an  exceedingly  rich  strata  of 
rock  about  three  inches  in  width,  and  growing  wider  as 
the  work  advances.  There  are  said  to  be  other  and 
richer  developments  recently  cropped  out  in  tho  vicinity 
01  the  valley  which  are  astoundingly  rich  in  gold,  but  for 
certain  reasons  are  kept  a  secret.  It  may  be  that  the 
secret  discovery  is  just  off  the  edge  and  will  be  found 
necessary  to  move  the  stakes  over  a  little,  so  as  to  be  in- 
cluded inside  or  outside  the  present  survey.  It  is  well 
known  to  be  a  portable  boundary,  or  was  during  Fre- 
mont's administration. 

MONO 

Standard.— Standard,  April  26:  The  south  drift  from 
the  main  shaft,  385  level,  has  been  run  15  ft;  total  length, 
380  ft,  The  ledge  is  three  ft  wide,  and  looks  well.  It  is 
expected  that  a  connection  will  be  made  in  a  few  days  be- 
tween this  drift  and  the  north  drift  on  the  Cook  ledge. 
The  east  crosscut  from  this  south  drift  is  in  seven  ft,  and 
at  present  is  iu  hard  rock.  North  drift  to  connect  with 
the  incline  is  in  141  ft;  progress,  14  ft.  The  ledge  is 
three  ft  wide,  of  very  fine  ore.  An  upraise  has  been  made 
on  this  ledge  20  ft,  at  a  point  100  ft  north  of  main  east 
crosscut,  where  the  ledge  is  three  and  one-half  ft  wide,  of 
good  ore.  The  east  crosscut,  700  level,  is  in  49  ft.  The 
rock  is  still  very  hard.  The  west  crosscut  is  in  57  ft.  The 
West  Standard  winze  is  down  70  ft,  and  shows  the  ledge 
18  inches  wide,  of  rich  ore.  The  Oildea  south  drift  is  in 
115  ft.  The  ledge  is  two  ft  wide,  and  looks  well.  The 
Cook  ledge  in  the  north  drift  is  18  inches  wide,  of  very 
rich  ore.  This  drift  is  in  170  ft.  The  stopes  are  looking 
well. 

Bulwer  Con.— The  south  drift,  380  level,  is  In  272  ft; 
progress,  10  ft.  The  ledge  is  two  ft  wide,  and  look3  well. 
The  west  crosscut  from  this  drift  is  in  120  ft,  a  progress 
of  20  ft.  The  rock  in  the  face  is  very  hard.  The  north 
drift  from  this  crosscut  is  in  30  ft.  The  ledge  is  three  ft 
wide.  The  south  drift  is  in  25  ft.  The  ledge  here  is  two 
ft  wide,  and  looks  well.  The  south  drift,  300  level,  has 
been  extended  13  ft;  total  length,  102  ft.  Tho  ledge  is 
two  and  one-half  ft  wide,  of  very  fine  ore.  The  Stonewall 
stopes  are  looking  well. 

Red  Cloud  Con,— The  west  crosscut,  400  level,  is  in  259 
ft.  Since  passing  the  Packard  and  Morton  vein,  the  drift 
has  passed  through  35  ft  of  low-grade  quartz.  One  seam 
of  clay  and  quartz  was  cut,  prospecting  well  hi  coarse  gold. 
The  east  crosscut,  same  level,  is  in  200  ft.  On  the  250 
level,  drifts  arc  being  extended  north  and  south  on  the 
Red  Cloud  vein.  That  to  the  south  is  two  and  one-fourth 
ft  wide,  of  320  ore. 

Summit.— The  north  drift,  200  level,  has  been  run  10  ft; 
total  length,  13G  ft.  The  ledge  is  10  inches  wide,  and 
looks  wed.  The  east  crosscut  from  this  drift  is  in  34  ft, 
and  at  present  is  in  very  hard  ground.  The  south  drift  is 
in  250  ft;  progress,  39  ft.  The  ledge  is  18  inches  wide. 
The  shaft  is  down  68  ft  below  the  200  station.  The  ledge 
in  the  bottom  is  two  ft  wide. 

Tioga.— On  the  320  level  a  progress  of  19J  ft  was  made 
in  the  west  crosscut.  On  the  420  level,  17  ft  was  made  in 
the  east  crosscut.  The  west  crosscut,  620  level,  is  in  110 
ft,  a  progress  of  27  ft  the  past  week.  A  north  drift  will 
soon  be  started  on  this  level.  The  Bhaft  will  bo  widened 
to  a  three- compartment  from  the  surface  down  within 
three  weeks. 

Tiik  Belvidbre. — The  winze  on  Great  Western  Hill  is 
down  a  distance  of  40  ft.  The  bottom  of  the  winze  is  not 
showing  as  much  rich  ore  as  when  started,  and  is  from  25 
to  30  ft  deep.  The  ore  chimney  seems  to  make  off  to  the 
north.  The  Bulwer  tunnel  is  now  in  Belvidere  ground, 
and,  judging  by  the  sound  of  their  work  and  without  a 
survey,  they  must  now  be  very  close  to  the  Great  Western 
ledge.  This  tunnel  will  crosscut  their  ground  about  150 
ft  deeper  and  about  160  ft  further  north  than  the  winze 
they  are  now  sinking.  The  Bulwer  will  Boon  connect  their 
400  level  from  the  Standard  new  shaft  with  the  bottom  of 
the  winze  in  the  Stonewall  ledge.  This  will  give  good  air 
and  enable  them  to  cheaply  prosecute  important  work  on 
the  east  Bide  of  their  ground. 

Fine  Development.— One  of  the  most  encouraging  de- 
velopments that  has  taken  place  on  the  east-southeast 
slope  of  the  Bodie  bluff  for  months  past  is  the  cutting  of 


a  two  and  one-half  ft  ledge  of  clean,  well-defined  quartz, 
on  the  260  level  of  the  Jupiter,  a  distance  ol  72  ft  direct! v 
east  of  the  main  shift.  The  strike  of  the  ledge  is  a  pecu- 
liar feature,  as  Its  couree  at  the  lace  ol  the  crosscut  is 
prattj  ""burp  northeast  Mid  southwest.  The  ore  prospects 
a*,  the  narrow  polut  paaaed  through  satisfactorily,  and 
drifting  upon  it  is  not  unlikely  to  run  into  ore  of  superior 
it  posBeaseaaj]  unusually  healthy  character. 
1  NEVADA. 

MotNTAlN—  llerald,  April  20:     From  near  the 

:  BOUth  end  of  tho  south  tunnel  a  drift  ban  been  run  80  ft, 

!  and  on  each  side  of  this  drifting  Is  at  present  going  on. 

The  ground  is  being  drifted  from  the  end  of  the  branch 

tunnel  toward  Lh<  main  tunnel.     There  arc  at  present  12 

men  employed  at  the  mine  and  they  are  taking  out  the 
gravel  quite  raptdty.    There  la  a  Hue  natural  dump  at  the 

mouth  of  the  tunnel  aud  «h*»  company  have  constructed 
about  500  ft  of  flume,  with  a  splendid  under-current, 
through  Which  the  gravel  is  passed  iu  the  washing  process. 
Water  i»  obtained  from  the  South  Yuba  ditch.  The  coin- 
pany  have  Juat let  a  eontraet  to  extend  the  main  tunnel 
ahead  100  u  further. 

T111;  Planet.—  Tramcript,  April  20:  Blue  gravel  has 
beeu  iti  tick  In  ttio  Planet  mine,  near  Lowell  Hill,  in  the 
upraise  (Tom  the  tunnel,  at  a  distance  of  1,712  it  from  its 
mouth.  The  uateiM  WW  commenced  several  weeks  ago, 
and  had  reached  a  distance  of  20  ft  when  the  regular  blue 
gravel  channel  that  runs  through  the  ridge  was  run  Into. 
The  nave!  is  of  exactly  the  same  character  as  is  found  in 
the  Swamp  Angel,  adjoining  ground,  being  composed  of 
tine  broken  quartz  and  cement,  and  prospects  iu  gold.  It 
is  not  yet  ascertained  whether  the  bottom  of  the  channel 
has  been  b truck  or  whether  it  is  on  the  pitch  of  the  bed- 
rock. Drifts  will  bo  run  to  determine  tliis  fact,  and  if 
found  necessary  the  tunnel  will  bo  extended  on  its  regular 
grade  to  reach  the  channel  at  its  lowest  point.  It  is  be- 
lieved, however,  that  the  tunnel  is  low  enough  to  work  the 
ground  to  full  advantagn.  The  company  owns  a  large 
body  of  ground  which  will  require  years  to  work  out. 

Washington  Mink— The  new  shaft  on  the  Washington 
mine  ha  vine  been  opened  through,  about  two  weeks  more 
will  be  required  to  do  tho  necessary  timbering  to  put  it  iu 
good  working  condition.  The  company  intend  putting  in 
a  new  water  wheel  to  drive  tho  pump.  It  will  be  40  ft  in 
diameter,  and  driven  by  water  from  tho  ditch  that  sup- 
plies the  stamps  of  the  Idaho  mill. 

Tiik  Hudbon  Mink,—  Everything  at  the  Hudson  mine  in 
Pleasant  valley  is  running  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  man- 
agement. Level  No.  2,  at  a  depth  of  184  ft,  is  now  in  32 
ft  south,  the  work  on  it  all  having  been  done  within  two 
weeks.  The  vein  in  this  tunnel  is  17  inches  thick,  and 
quite  rich  in  sulphurcts  and  free  gold.  The  tunnel  is  to 
be  pushed  ahead  by  contract  about  50  ft  further  before 
sloping  commences. 

Othbr  Notf8—  The  McAllis  claim,  at  Hunt's  hill,  which 
has  been  shut  down  for  repairs  for  Beverul  days,  com- 
mences washing  again  this  week.  The  Florence  blue 
gravel  mining  company  partially  suspended  operations  a 
Bhort  time  since  to  put  in  a  derrick  and  make  other  im- 
provements and  repairs.  This  week  washing  will  be  com- 
menced in  full  blast  again.  The  Pittsburg  mine  Is  taking 
out  good  rock  on  the  000,  700,  and  800  levels.  The  mill  is 
kept  running  up  to  its  full  capacity,  and  is  doing  good 
work.  A  blast  of  800  kegs  of  powder  was  made  at  tho 
claims  of  the  English  company  at  You  Bet  lately.  An  im- 
mense amount  of  ground  was  broken  up  by  tho  blast,  and 
extended  so  far  as  to  endanger  the  road,  the  bank  being 
within  30  ft  of  the  road,  which  is  badly  cracked. 

PLACER. 

New  Mine.— Herald,  April  20:  A  short  time  ago  Geo. 
Manuel  discovered  and  commenced  work  on  a  new  quartz 
ledge  on  Oakc's  place,  near  the  Stone  House,  a  short  dis- 
tance down  the  ravine  from  Auburn.  He  has  the  shaft 
down  now  22  ft,  and  in  sinking  that  depth,  has  taken  out 
10  tons  of  the  ledge  rock.  A  sample  crushed  at  Simons  & 
Pelster's  mill  panned  out  about  $10  to  the  ton.  This  pros- 
pect is  considered  quite  encouraging. 

Excithment. — Arg-m,  April  26:  There  is  Bomo  local  ex- 
citement over  rich  reported  discoveries  made  in  two 
quartz  mines  lately  re-located  about  half  a  mile  southeast 
of  Penryn.  Mr.  Fogg,  of  Sacramento,  is  the  owner  of  0110 
of  these  claims.  He  is  about  to  erect  a  10-stamp  mill  to 
be  run  by  water  from  tho  Bear  River  ditch. 

SAN  LUIS  OBISPO. 

Gold  Discoveries.—  South  Coast,  April  23:  It  is  re- 
ported that  rich  placer  gold  haB  been  discovered  on  tho 
headwaters  of  the  Santa  Maria  river.  It  has  been  known 
for  a  long  time  that  gold  was  there,  hut  recent  prospecting 
has  developed  the  fact  that  the  diggings  are  rich.  Quite 
a  number  of  persons  have  already  gone  out. 

SANTA  BARBARA, 

Prospecting. — Lompoc  Record,  April  26:  Lompoc  is 
still  striving  to  get  up  an  excitement  among  gold  hunters. 
The  recent  developments  in  this  direction  would  seem  to 
indicate  that  she  may  yet  rank  favorably  with  prominent 
mining  districts.  Tho  findings  thus  far,  though  very 
promising,  are  not  sufficiently  alarming  to  cause  farmers 
to  neglect  their  soil,  though  many  have  already  staked  off 
claimB,  and  had  their  first  experience  in  placer  mining. 
The  Russel  amalgamator,  which  we  believe  waB  shipped 
down  from  San  Francisco,  did  not  give  entire  satisfaction, 
as  it  was  almost  impossible  to  save  the  fine  gold  with  it. 
Some  fine  specimens  of  quartz  wore  brought  in  from  the 
vicinity  of  El  Tranquillon  last  week. 

SHASTA- 

Copper  City. — Reading  Independent,  April  24:  There 
are  30  men  employed  in  the  Extra  mill,  there  being  two 
shifts  of  15  men  each.  The  mill  Ib  kept  constantly  run- 
ning, and  bullion  is  being  produced  at  the  rate  of  about 
S5.000  per  week.  Under  the  able  management  of  Mr. 
Hall  expenses  are  reduced  to  the  lowest  possible  figure, 
and  at  the  rate  they  are  at  present  turning  out  bullion  it 
will  not  be  long  before  the  company  will  bo  free  of  debt. 

SIERRA. 

Hunter's.— Downleville  Messenger,  April  26:  The 
ground  of  this  company  lies  beneath  the  ridge  of  which 
Mount  Filmoro  is  the  most  conspicuous  pcint,  across 
the  course  of  the  rich  lead  of  the  Howland  Flat 
mine  of  days  gone  by;  the  Union,  Hawkeye, 
Down-East,  Pittsburg,  Monumental,  Empire,  all  drew 
upon  this  deposit,  and  now  the  Bonanza  takes  it  up 
where  the  Empire  left  off,  and  tho  Hunter's  joins  imme- 
diately upon  the  Bonanza,  covering  the  whole  ridge,  from 
beyond  the  summit  northwest  to  the  outcrop  of  the  rim 
rock  upon  the  southeast,  and  for  a  full  milo  along  the 
natural  and  inevitable  course  of  the  lead.  The  claim  has  a 
tunnel  into  and  400  ft  beyond  the  rim  rock,  which  pitches 
under  the  channel,  being  from  60  to  100  ft  above  the  bot- 
tom. A  shaft  will  be  Bunk  in  the  said  channel  this  sum- 
mer, and  when  its  riches  are  thus  demonstrated  another 
tunnel  will  be  run  to  tap  it. 

TRINITY. 

Lower  Trinity.— Journ a I,  April  26:  From  this  Bection 
mining  prospects  were.nover  more  cheering.  Rumor  says 
that  near  the  mouth  of  Hawkins  creek,  where  parties 
have  been  engaged  running  tunnels  for  several  years,  the 
Blue  Lead  has  at  last  been  struck  and  promises  large  pro- 
duction. A  company  now  working  have  a  bank  of  gravel 
50  ft  in  depth,  the  lower  15  ft  being  regular  blue  gravel, 
and  tho  belief  is  that  tho  old  bed  of  Trinity  river  has  been 
found.  The  deposit  is  known  to  extend  for  half  a  mile  and 
probably  much  farther.  The  gold  found  in  the  blue  gravel 
is  principally  mixed  with  quartz.  There  are  said  to  be 
many  similar  openings  in  that  section,  but  capital  is 
needed  V>  bring  water  in  order  that  they  may  be  worked. 

New  River.— A  Portuguese  company  on  Quimby's  Flat, 
have  lately  struck  a  back  channel  which  is  very  rich.  It 
lays  further  back  than  has  ever  been  worked  before.  A 
contract  has  been  let  for  a  aix-ft  ditch  from  main  New 
river  to  Rattlesnake  bar  where  excellent  prospects  have 
been  obtained.  The  Slide  Creek  company,  on  the  North 
Fork  of  New  river,  are  at  work  and  well  satisfied  with 
their  prospects. 

Working  Well.— Every  thing  at  Dixon  Bar  is  working 
splendidly.  The  company  has  been  running  several  days, 
and  as  an  indication  of  the  proBpects  it  is  stated  that  gold 
can  be  seen  in  the  riffles.     One  thousand  ft  more  ditch 


ha?  been  contracted  for,  and  when  completed  two  giants 
will  be  run,  thus  working  to  better  advantage,  A  partial 
cleau-up  will  soon  be  made. 

NEVADA. 
WASHOE  DISTRICT. 

Our  usual  Washoe  letter  having  failed  to  come  to  hand 
in  time  for  this  issue,  we  substitute  therefor  latest  letters 
received  by  companies  in  tins  city  from  Superintendents 
on  the  Oomstook: 

Belcher.—  Letter  of  20th:  North  incline  has  attained 
a  depth  oi  HO  it  below  the  2000  level,  having  been  sunk 
25  ft  and  timbered  30  It  during  the  week.  Thy  bottom 
still  continues  in  good  blasting  ground.  To  the  length  of 
the  2500  south  dntt  23  ft  havo  been  added,  unking  its 
total  length  328  ft.  The  face  of  this  drift  10  in  good  work- 
ing ground.  Crosscut  No.  i,  on  the  2300  level,  is  now  in 
ISO  H,  having  umde  32  ft  during  the  Week.  The  crosscut 
ih  paeslng  through  stringers  ol  quartz  assaying  from  $8  to 
$10  per  ton,  but  has  not  yet  reached  tte  vein. 

Lady  Bryan.— Loiter  of  20th:  Since  last  report  the 
shalt  wnu  sunk  10  it;  hard  bird's-eye  porphyry,  the  some 
material  now  in  the  bottom  of  it.  The  north  drift,  600 
level,  wan  extended  23  ft  through  porphyry  full  of  iron 

with  bunches  of  quartz  through  it,  the  same  material  now 
in  the  face.  The  SOUth  drill  was  extended  21  ft  through 
quartz  giving  low  assays,  showing  wry  plaiuly  that  the 
quartz  is  getting  to  the  east  of  tho  drut  as  they  go  south. 
The  east  crosscut  from  the  south  drift  was  extended  24  ft 
through  a  mixture  of  quartz,  clay  and  porphyry,  the  same 
material  now  111  the  face;  everything  is  running  well  iu 
and  about  the  mine,  tho  water  la  getting  leas, 

Mexican.— Letter  of  28th:  On  the  2 too  level  tho  Joint 
Opinr  upraise  is  up  to  the  200o  level,  and  they  have  com- 
menced drifting  to  connect  with  the  main  north  drift, 
which  connection  they  expect  to  make  on  Monday  next. 
Ou  the  2000  level  the  joint  Union  Con.  upraise  to  connect 
with  the  joint  winze  down  irom  the  1000  level  is  now  up 
00  ft,  having  beeu  extended  22  ft  during  the  past  week. 
The  material  passed  through  still  continues  in  vein  for- 
mation, showing  an  increase  of  water.  Ou  the  1000  level 
the  joint  Union  Cou.  winze  has  been  suuk  aud  timbered 
12  ft  during  tho  week,  and  is  now  SIS  ft  on  thoBlopo  below 
that  level.  Tho  water  causes  some  delay  in  sinking,  but 
is  easily  handled  by  the  donkey  pump.  They  are  still  en- 
gaged in  repairing  the  north  drift  to  the  bierra  Nevada 
shaft. 

Crown  Point.— Letter  of  28th:  Since  last  report  they 
have  suuk  tho  incline  winze  30  ft;  total  distance,  180  ft, 
on  the  Blope  below  the  2500  level.  The  bottom  is  dry 
ground.  The  joint  crosscut  No.  1,  2500  level,  is  in  00  ft. 
Crosscut  No.  <£  is  in  a  distance  of  144  ft.  Both  crosscuts 
are  Btlll  111  dry  porphyry,  neither  of  them  having  yet 
reached  the  ledge. 

Bullion.— Letter  of  28th:  The  east  crosscut,  on  the 
2150  level,  has  been  advanced  30  ft.  Tho  formation  In 
this  crosscut  is  vein  porphyry,  with  Btreaks  of  quartz. 
Work  will  be  discoutiuued  in  this  crosscut  during  this 
week  to  allow  tho  erection  of  the  new  air  compressor  at 
the  Imperial  and  Bullion  shafts.  The  station  at  the  2150 
level  for  tho  winze  engine  is  not  yet  completed;  work  will 
not  be  discontinued  at  this  point. 

Union  Cos.— Letter  of  20th:  On  our  1600 level  we  have 
sunk  and  timbered  the  joint  Mexican  winzo  12  ft  during 
the  past  week,  making  a  total  depth  of  378  ft  on  slope  be- 
low that  level.  The  water  causes  some  delay  in  sinking, 
but  it  is  easily  handled  by  the  donkey  pump.  We  are  still 
repairing  the  north  drift  to  Sierra  Nevada  shaft.  Flow  of 
water  from  east  drift  continues  to  be  about  lj  inches.  On 
2000  level  the  main  north  drift  has  been  extended  four  ft, 
and  is  now  183  ft  north  of  our  south  line.  The  material 
is  s<  mewhat  harder  than  at  date  of  last  report,  showing 
some  water.  Joint  Mexican  upraise  to  connect  with  the 
joint  winze  down  from  1000  level  now  up  60  ft  been  ex- 
tended 22  ft  during  the  past  week;  material  continues 
vein  formation  showing  increase  of  water.  On  2300  level 
main  south  drift  from  Sierra  Nevada  incline  now  in  00  ft 
passing  through  vein  formation  with  Btreaks  of  clay  show- 
ing some  water. 

Excuequ br.— Letter  of  28th:  During  the  past  week  our 
north  drift  has  been  advanced  18  ft,  making  a  total  of  308 
ft.  The  formation  is  soft  vein  porphyry  with  streaks  of 
quartz.  A  small  seepage  of  water  still  exists,  but  not 
sufficient  to  interfere  with  work.  Work  will  be  discon- 
tinued at  this  point  during  the  week  to  allow  the  erection 
of  the  new  air  compressor  at  the  Imperial  and  Bullion 
shafts. 

Could  &  Corrv.— Letter  of  23th:  The  1700  ea«t  Joint 
drift  has  been  extended  34  ft  sinco  last  report.  Face  of 
drift  is  at  present  in  a  soft  formation.  Good  progress  is 
being  made  in  retimbering  the  1700  level  winze  station. 
The  Usbiston  shaft  wob  sunk  and  retimbered  16  it  during 
the  week;  there  is  a  strouger  flow  «.f  water  than  at  last 
report.     The  drain  tumul  is  iu  380  ft. 

Best  &  Belch rr.— Letter  of  28th:  The  1700  level 
joint  east  crosscut  is  in  a  distance  of  815  ft,  from  the 
nonh  lateral  drift;  the  face  is  in  soft  grouud.  We  have 
stopped  all  work  on  the  1000  level  for  the  present.  The 
new  joint  shaft  has  attained  a  depth  of  530  ft,  15  ft  hav- 
ing been  sunk  and  timbered  during  the  week.  The  bot- 
tom is  in  good  sinking  ground.  The  drain  tunnel  was  ex- 
tended 30  ft;  total  length  to  dato,  386  ft. 

Ciiollar.—  Letter  01  26th:  .During  the  past  week  we 
have  repaired  20  ft  of  Chollar-Norcrosa -Savage  shaft. 
Water  has  raised  122£  ft  since  last  weekly  report,  and  now 
stands  1,804  ft  below  the  surface,  making  617  ft  of  water 
in  the  shaft.     Temperature  of  the  water,  127°  Fahr. 

California. — Letter  of  26th:  Shipped  to-day  nine  bars 
bullion  vMucd  at  §41,1120.80-  total  to  date  $322,418.3/. 

Con.  Virginia. —Letter  of  20th:  Shipped  to-day  six 
bars  nullum  valued  ut  $20,543.26;  total  to  date  £212,344.42. 

Julia. — Letter  of  20th:  We  are  progressing  with  the 
repairs  on  the  200w  level  south  drift  as  r.pidiy  as  the  ex- 
treme heat  will  permit.  Winze  Binking  from  1800  level 
has  attained  a  depth  of  43  ft.  Continue  to  develop  a  fine 
character  of  metal  bearing  quartz. 

Opiiir,— Letter  of  24th:  Shipped  to-day  five  bars  bul- 
lion valued  at  310,677.14. 

BATTLE  MOUNTAIN  DISTRICT. 

Tub  Bowers  Coal  Mine.—  Silver  State,  April  26:  This 
mine  or  coal  deposit  was  discovered  by  L.  H.  Bowers,  the 
present  owner,  on  the  12th  of  June,  1875,  and  filed  as  coal 
land  in  the  United  States  Land  Office  at  Elko,  January 
29th,  1876.  At  the  surface  it  presented  two  stratas  of 
coal,  separated  by  a.  Btrata  of  sandstone  a  few  inches  in 
thickness,  and  these  conditions  have  been  preserved  with 
groat  regularity  to  a  depth  of  180  ft,  on  the  incline,  which 
Mr.  Bowers  has  sunk.  The  dip  of  the  vein  is  about  22°, 
very  regular,  and  the  formation  is  pronounced  to  be  of 
the  most  favorable  character,  consisting  of  slate  on  the 
under  and  sandstone  on  tho  upper  Bide.  At  the  present 
depth  there  are  two  veins  separated  by  tho  strata  of  saud- 
Btone  above  referred  to;  the  upper  of  which  measures  four 
ft  and  the  lower  two  aud  a  half  ft  in  thickness  of  solid 
coal.  H.  O.  Evans,  of  Pottsville,  Pa.,  a  practical  coal 
miner,  analyzed  a  specimen  and  pronounced  it  lignite  of 
the  best  quality  for  making  Bteam  and  other  uses.  Mr. 
Bowers  uses  it  for  blacksmithing,  and  burns  it  In  a  grate 
in  hie  house  with  perfect  satisiaction.  It  has  also  been 
tested  by  blacksmiths  at  Lewis  and  Battle  Mountain,  and 
found  to  be  all  that  could  be  desired,  burning  brightly 
and  leaving  but  a  small  quantity  of  clear  white  ash. 

BELMONT  DISTRICT. 

Brlhont. — Courier,  April  19:  All  work  at  the  mine  has 
progressed  satisfactorily  with  fine  results  during  the  past 
week.  The  winze  has  beeu  sunk  from  the  300  level  13  ft 
in  a  three-ft  vein  of  quartz,  with  from  12  to  15  Inches  of 
good  milling  ore.  The  win/e  is  now  sunk  56  ft,  the  same 
being  in  ore  all  the  way  and  ihink  there  is  no  doubt  but 
that  this  ore  body  will  extend  to  the  400  level.  A  drift 
from  the  winze  running  west  60  ft  below  the  300  level  on 
this  ore  body  is  to  bestartsd  and  continued  as  long  as  ore 
is  found.  The  300  level  drift  running  from  south  raise, 
north  end  of  mine,  is  showing  two  ft  of  quartz  with  a 
strong  trace  of  mineral  through  it.     Have  advanced  some 


Continued  on  page  292. 


286 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[May  3,  1879. 


The  Proposed  Sacramento  River  Relief 
Canal. 

The  Sacramento  Bee  gives  the  following  as 
the  latest  information  upon  this  important  pub- 
lic work:  The  commissioners  of  the  Sacra- 
mento river  drainage  district,  Messrs.  R.  S. 
Carey,  W.  F.  Knox  and  Robert  Egbert,  met 
this  morning  at  their  office  in  this  city,  53  J 
street,  for  the  purpose  of  examining  the  maps, 
plans,  etc,  of  the  engineers  for  the  proposed 
canal  which  is  to  serve  as   a  relief  to  the  river. 

They  found  the  work  progressing  satisfactorily 
under  the  supervision  of  Mr.  James  C.  Pierson, 
who  is  assisted  by  Mr.  William  Bassett,  of  this 
city.  The  chief  engineer  of  the  district  is  Mr. 
Isaac  W.  Smith,  of  San  Francisco.  A  number 
of  maps  have  been  prepared,  showing  the  to- 
pography of  the  country  in  detail,  the  courses 
and  fall  of  the  creeks,  the  line  of  the  proposed 
relief  canal,  etc. 

Probable  Route  of  the  Canal. 

The  engineers  have  apparently  done  their 
work  well  and  thoroughly,  and  it  is  a  very 
easy  matter  for  any  person  of  ordinary  intelli- 
gence to  get  a  very  accurate  idea  of  the  extent 
and  character  of  the  work  to  be  done  by  refer- 
ring to  the  maps  now  ready  for  the  engraver. 
The  canal  under  the  provisions  of  the  act  pro- 
viding for  its  construction — is  to  begin  at 
Knight's  Landing  and  run  in  a  southerly  direc- 
tion, on  a  grade  that  will  utilize  the  fall  of  the 
water,  until  it  reaches  the  lisink  of  Putah," 
when  it  will  bear  westerly  and  continue  in  a 
line  parallel  with  and  about  six  miles  easterly 
from  the  Vallejo  railroad,  to  the  head  of  Lind- 
say slough.  The  course  of  this  slough  is  then 
followed  to  the 

Montezuma  Hills. 

Through  these  hills  a  cut  is  proposed  which 
would  be  from  five  to  six  miles  in  length,  reach- 
ing Montezuma  slough  at  Denverton.  On  the 
line  of  this  proposed  cut  through  the  hills  the 
engineers  bored  a  series  of  wells,  1,000  feet 
apart,  to  determine  the  character  of  soil  to  be 
encountered -in  making  the  cut,  should  the 
present  survey  be  agreed  upon.  It  was  found 
to  be  composed  of  sand,  clay  and  gravel,  which 
wiU  offer  no  resistance  to  the  rapid  progress  of 
the  proposed  cut. 

Much  Valuable -Land 
Will  be  drained  and  brought  into  cultivation 
should  the  proposed  canal  be  constructed  with 
the  probable  changes  to  be  suggested  by  the 
engineer  in  his  forthcoming  report.  The  fall  of 
Putah  creek,  from  near  Greene  McMahon's 
ranch,  beyond  Davis ville,  to  "the  sink"  aver- 
ages six  feet  per  mile.  At  the  latter  point  its 
banks  disappear,  and  the  water  spreads  over  a 
large  basin,  finally  finding  their  way  into  Sac- 
ramento river  through  Cache  slough.  There  is 
a  large  area  of  first-class  land  lying  between 
the  sink  and  the  Sacramento  river,  which  is 
susceptible  of  being  reclaimed.  About  eight 
miles  below  Sacramento  the  great  basin  which 
receives  the  deposits  of  Putah  and  Cache  creeks 
is  divided  by  a  ridge  and  levee  along  Babel's 
slough,  which  extends  out  to  what  is  known  as 
"Willow  Point"  some  four  miles  east  of  the 
high  prairie  land  behind  the  town  of  Dixon. 
This  ridge  stops  the  flow  of  the  Putah  waters 
until  the  upper  part  of  the  basin  is  filled,  when 
they  run  out  between  Willow  Point  and  the 
main  land  and  settle  in  and  about  Big  Lake, 
in  Lisbon  district,  opposite  Freeport.  Big 
Lake  and  vicinity  is 

The  Lowest  Point 
Between  Knight's  Landing  and  the  Montezuma 
Hills,  and  is  in  fact  so  far  as  the  engineers 
have  ascertained,  within  a  foot  or  two  of  the 
low  tide  level  of  Suisun  bay.  If  this  be  the 
case,  it  looks  as  though  there  would  necessarily 
still  remain  a  considerable  district  of  unre- 
claimed land  in  that  neighborhood  after  the 
canal  is  constructed. 

The  above  are  the  principal  points  of  infor- 
mation to  be  had  at  the  present  time,  but  the 
report  of  the  engineer,  which  it  is  expected 
will  shortly  be  published,  will  contain  every- 
thing of  interest  in  connection  with  the  enter- 
prise, and  will  doubtless  prove  a  very  valuable 
document.  Whether  the  present  proposed 
canal  shall  be  opened  or  not,  the  work  done  by 
the  engineers  will  be  of  incalculable  benefit  to 
this  part  of  the  State,  and  will  in  time  well  re- 
pay for  the  expense  incurred. 

The  Comstock  as  a  Lead-Bearing  Mine.— 
A  French  company  having  purchased  the  old 
Telegraph  mine  at  Bingham,  Utah,  sent  out  a 
couple  of  experts  to  examine  and  report  on  the 
same;  which  business,  having  been  got  through 
with,  the  company  find  themselves  the  owners 
of  a  very  valuable  property;  that  is,  if  the  re- 
port of  these  experts  may  be  accepted  as  con- 
clusive on  that  point.  We  had  some  how  got 
the  impression  that  the  Telegraph  mine  was 
not  of  much  account,  had  never  yielded  any 
large  profit,  had,  in  fact,  been  run  with  loss  to 
the  owners.  However,  we  glad  to  hear  that  it 
is  really  a  big  thing  and  would  be  inclined  to 
endorse  it  as  such,  had  not  one  of  these  experts, 
by  shifting  the  Comstook  over  on  the  base 
range,  betrayed  such  an  ignorance  of  our  mines 
as  tends  greatly  to  impair  our  confidence  in  his 
judgment  of  the  matters. 

The  American  Institute  of  Mining  Engineers, 
on  Wednesday,  March  26th,  formally  trans- 
ferred its  valuable  collection  of  ores,  minerals, 
and  metallurgical  products  to  the  custody  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Museum  and  School  of  Industrial 
Art, 


Southern  Inyo. 

Mr.  A.  C.  Pratt,  editor  of  the  Carson  Valley 
Mews,  recently  made  a  trip  south  from  Bodie, 
into  southern  Mono  and  Inyo  counties,  and  in 
an  editorial  in  his  paper  sums  up  his' views  as 
follows:  "It  is  useless  to  dwell  upon  what  inter- 
venes between  here  and  Bodie.  Our  readers  are 
already  familiar  with  that  section  and  its  re- 
sources. Beyond  that  lies  a  country  known  to 
be  rich  in  mineral,  to  which  we  all  look  with 
more  or  less  interest,  and  conjecture  when  and 
where  the  next  great  development  will  be  made. 
Mining  territory  is  becoming  more  circumscribed, 
and  people  realize  that  sooner  or  later  this  great 
mineral  belt,  extending  for  over  200  miles  south, 
which  has  been  superficially  prospected  and  neg- 
lected for  years,  like  Bodie,  will  attract  the  at- 
tention of  men  of  sufficient  enterprise  and  means 
to  develop  its  merits.  Our  readers  care  little 
about  detailed  descriptions  of  mines,  but  '  what 
do  you  think  of  the  country  ? '  We  think  it  is 
a  country  of  the  greatest  possibilities  of  any  on 
this  coast.  The  White  and  Inyo  range  of  moun- 
tains, bounding  Owens  valley  on  the  east,  are 
known  to  be  rich  in  both  gold  and  silver,  from 
one  extreme  to  the  other,  a  distance  of  over  150 
miles.  Benton,  Bodie  and  Aurora  on  the  north 
have  exemplified  their  richness  in  a  very  conclu- 
sive manner.  Indian  district,  on  the  west,  has 
exceedingly  bright  prospects,  and  one  or  two 
paying  mines — the  Tower,  at  least,  which  is  in 
the  same  range  of  hills.  Further  west  is  the 
Mammoth,  which  is  reported  to  have  recently 
developed  an  immense  gold  ledge,  eight  feet  in 
width,  at  a  depth  of  some  300  feet,  and  of  mar- 
velous richness.  Down  opposite  and  west  of 
Independence  are  some  valuable  mines  of  free 


A  Rural  Mansion. 

We  give  on  this  page  a  design  for  a  rural 
home  which  may  be  pleasing  to  some  of  our 
readers  who  are  comfortably  furnished  with 
this  world's  goods,  and  desire  to  erect  a  res- 
idence in  keeping  with  their  means.  The  de- 
sign is  in  the  Italian  style,  and  as  may  be  seen 
by  the  hosts  of  windows  it  is  well  planned  for  a 
sunny  home.  It  is  therefore  adapted  in  this 
feature  to  this  State,  for  nowhere  else  in  the 
world  perhaps  is  sunlight  so  highly  esteemed  as 
here.  There  is  a  world  of  wisdom  in  this  love 
of  sunlight  which  we  hold,  and  if  we  plan  our 
houses  to  catch  the  sun,  and  make  proper  al- 
lowance for  ventillatiou,  we  shall  have  pure  air 
in  abundance,  which  is  a  foundation  stone  of 
health.  Houses  range  all  the  way  from  "grave 
to  gay,"  from  "lively  to  severe,"  in  the  treat- 
ment they  accord  to  sunlight  and  the  outer  air. 
Our  sunlight  is  so  genial  and  our  atmosphere  s6 
delightful,  that  we  can  well  afford  to  give  them 
free  ingress  to  our  homes. 

It  will  be  noticed  that  the  plan  is  well  fur- 
nished with  piazzas.  These  in  our  warmer  dis- 
tricts are  great  treasures,  although  near  the 
coast  they  are  of  less  value.  In  the  interior 
the  shade  of  the  piazza  when  the  sun  is  high 
will  make  the  lower  rooms  delightfully  cool, 
and  though  at  noon  the  upper  rooms  will  be 
overwarm,  the  approach  of  our  cool  night  air  will 
dispel  the  extra  heat  and  make  them  fit  palaces 
for  the  drowsy  god. 

Although  the  design  is  rather  plain  in  some 
features,  it  has  a  generous  outline  and  suggests 
thoughts  of  spaciousness.  To  get  the  best 
effect  of  the  design  the  building  should  be 
located  at  a  distance  from  the  highway,  and  be 


DESIGN    FOR    RURAL    VILLA    IN    ITALIAN    STYLE. 


gold  and  exceedingly  rich.  Cerro  Gordo  has, 
and  is  still  shipping  her  lead  and  silver  bullion, 
in  a  quiet  sort  of  way,  and  almost  innumerable 
rich  ledges  of  gold  and  silver-bearing  rock  have 
been  discovered  by  men  of  small  means,  who 
have  never  been  able  to  work  them,  and  which 
are  never  heard  from  except  as  the  traveler 
picks  up  a  piece  of  rock  from  some  dusty  man- 
telpiece, sparkling  with  gold,  and  in  quires  where 
it  came  from,  and  is  told  that  it  came  from  a 
mine  belonging  to  Mr.  Jones  or  Smith.  He  asks 
'  what  are  they  doing  with  it,'  and  the  answer 
is,  '  nothing  ;  they  have  not  means  or  facilities 
for  working  it.  If  there  is  ever  anything  done 
with  the  mines  in  this  section  they  hope  to  sell.' 
In  this  condition  everything  rests.  People  seem 
to  be  discouraged,  and  Micawber-like,  are  now 


GROUND    PLAN. 

waiting  for  something  to  turn  up.  They  know 
that  they  have  rich  mines  around  them,  but 
they  have  never  yet  succeeded  (with  the  excep- 
tion of  Cerro  Gordo,  perhaps)  in  bringing  them 
to  the  notice  of  the  mining  world.  Bodie  de- 
velopment has  placed  them  100  miles  nearer  the 
notice  of  mining  capitalists,  and  it  is  not  im- 
probable that  they  may  soon  attract  attention. 
If  Mammoth  is  as  good  as  reported,  it  will  be 
another  gain  of  50  miles  in  that  direction.  The 
next  step  may  be  the  Bishop  Creek  mines  and 
the  Independence  country.  Bishop  Creek  is 
one  of  the  most  fertile  valieys  on  the  coaat,  and 
capable  of  supplying  an  indefinite  number  of 
mining  camps  on  either  side.  The  climate  is 
quite  warm,  but  very  favorable  for  mining  and 
and  agriculture.  Owens  river  supplies  abun- 
dance of  water,  and  the  Sierras,  there  as  here, 
have  almost  inexhaustible  forests  of  timber. 
We  think  Owens  valley  has  a  great  future." 


|  approached  "by  paths  and  roadways  winding 
among  grass  plots  and  shubbery.  A  grove  at 
the  rear  would  afford  a  fine  background  for  the 
picture.  The  house  is  well  adapted  for  build 
in'g  of  wood,  and  would  probably  cost  $10,000  or 
§12,000  if  the  interior  be  finished  to  corre- 
spond with  the  exterior.  The  design  is  by  J. 
H.  Hobbs  &  Son,  the  Philadelphia  architects, 
and  they  furnish  the  following  description  of 
the  ground  plan:     A,  vestibule,  11  by  11    feet; 

B,  parlor,  15  feet  2  inches  by  21  feet  3  inches; 

C,  library,  11  feet  6  inches  by  15feet2  inches;  D, 
dining-room,  17feet  3  inches  by  26  feet;  Et  kitch- 
en, 15  feet  2  inches  by  22  feet  2  inches ;  G,  scullery, 
15  feet  2  inches  by  15  feet  2  inches;  H,  china- 
closet;  /,  front  porch;  J,  side  porch;  K,  back 
shed;  main  hall,  11  feet  wide. 

These  rooms  are -all  spacious.  The  second 
floor  may  be  finished  into  six  good-sized  cham- 
bers, with  abundant  closet  room,  etc. 

Indestructible  Stone. — The  quarries  lately 
opened  on  Bear  river  contain  a  stone  that  is 
indestructible  by  fire,  but  so  variegated  in  color 
and  stratified  that  it  can  be  easily  worked  into 
many  forms  of  usefulness,  such  as  brick,  fur- 
nace-linings, etc.  An  incorporation  has  been 
formed,  under  the  name  of  the  "  Stockbridge 
Quarry  Company,"  which  is  now  fairly  under 
the  way  quarrying  out,  sawing,  planing  and 
polishing  this  material  in  any  desired  shape  re- 
quired. The  stratification  admits  of  slabs  being 
taken  out  varying  in  thickness  from  one  inch 
to  several  feet,  and  so  soft  when  first  exposed 
as  to  be  worked  with  plane  or  saw  with  more 
ease  than  a  pine  board,  but  soon  hardens  and 
becomes  suitable  for  use.  It  will  answer  for 
mantel  pieces,  table  tops,  counters,  sinks,  tomb- 
stones, fire  bricks,  well  curbs  or  any  other 
requirement  that  brick  or  marble  could  be  put 
to.  The  stone  is  of  many  varieties  in  color,  and 
takes  on  a  very  fine  polish.  Several  orders 
have  been  made  for  it  for  tombstones,  and  it 
can  be  worked  out  almost  as  cheaply  for  that 
purpose  as  could  be  done  with  boards.  Quite  a 
demand  is  expected  in  that  way.  The  Idaho 
company  have  used  several  thousands  of  brick, 
made  from  this  stone,  as  a  furnace  lining,  and 
the  Godfrey  Mining  Co.  is  also  putting  it  into 
use  for  well  curbing.  The  company  is  now  put- 
ting up  a  larger  mill  than  their  experimental 
one,  which  is  to  be  driven  by  steam  to  do  saw- 
ing, planing  and  polishing,  and  working  the 
stone  into  such  shape  as  customers  may  order. — 
Grass  Valley  Union. 


Interesting  to  Anthropologists. 

The  Grant  County  Herald  contains  the  follow- 
ing letter  from  Richmond,  New  Mexico,  which 
will  be  of  interest  to  antiquarians.  A  resident 
here,  while  excavating  an  old  building  for  the 
purpose  of  making  a  cellar,  found  two  skeletons, 
one  of  a  grown  person  and  the  other  of  a  child. 
The  skeleton  of  the  grown  person  was  found 
about  six  feet  beneath  the  surface  of  the  ruins, 
almost  intact.  The  skull  was  well  shaped,  ex- 
cept for  a  small  protuberance  about  where 
phrenologists  locate  amativeness.  The  teeth 
were  small  and  sound.  Placed  near  the  skull 
was  found  a  small  olla,  containing  what  seemed 
to  be  the  thigh  bones  of  a  turkey.  After  the 
skull  was  taken  from  its  place,  hair  was  discov- 
ered which  on  examination  was  found  to  be 
brown.  But  when  exposed  a  short  time  to  the 
air  it  became  so  much  dust.  The  skeleton  of 
the  child  was  found  in  a  niche  in  the  east  wall, 
securely  closed  by  a  thin  rock  nearly  two  feet 
square.  The  building  had  evidently  been 
burned  at  some  time,  as  all  the  timbers  which 
were  used  in  its  structure  were  found  in  a 
charred  condition.  The  timber  used  was  the 
cedar.  Who  were  the  people  who  once  must 
have  been  so  numerous  from  the  mouth  of  the 
Gila  to  its  source?  The  whole  valley  at  one 
time  was  thickly  studded  with  buildings.  No- 
where is  there  a  record  of  any  race  that  had  the 
protuberance  on  the  skull  aforesaid.  At  first  it 
was  believed  that  this  was  malformation  caused 
by  some  accident  to  the  skull,  but  since  it  has 
been  assured  to  be  hereditary  to  the  race.  The 
protuberance  was  about  the  size  of  a  hen's  egg. 
This  race  cultivated  the  soil,  because  we  find 
corn  about  the  size  of  the  small  sweet  pump- 
kin or  squash  seed,  a  seed  which  is  the  exact 
counterpart  of  hemp,  and  numerous  kinds  of 
seeds  resembling  melon  varieties.  They  had  a 
beast  of  burden,  for  we  find  the  teeth  of  some 
animal  which  must  have  been  very  large.  The 
first  European  that  visited  the  Gila  was  Father 
Niaa,  the  romancing  priest,  in  1539.  He  says 
that  the  traditions  of  the  Aztec  were  full  of 
stories  relative  to  the  old  civilization,  and  its 
fabulous  wealth.  Historians  differ  in  opinion, 
but  many  believe  that  this  people  were  extinct 
before  the  Aztec  race  knew  anything  about  this 
country.  The  tradition  of  the  Apaches  is  that 
they  have  been  living  here  about  900  years,  and 
that  when  they  came  they  found  the  ruinB 
about  as  we  find  them.  If  such  is  the  case,  it 
may  have  been  several  centuries  previous  to 
the  arrival  of  the  Apache,  when  this  people 
abandoned  the  country  or  were  destroyed. 


The  Vancouver  Gold  Field. 

It  has  been  known  by  some  persons  ever  since 
the  exciting  mining  times  of  1857  that  there  was 
more  or  less   fine  gold  existing  in  the  small 
streams  running  through  Clarke  county  to  the 
Columbia,   but  in   their  anxiety  to  make  big 
hauls,  the  miners  all  went   to   the   mountains, 
abandoning  the  fields  where  gold  was  known  to 
exist.     Last    October,    Hein    Kulper,    an    old 
miner,  and  J.  O.  Smith,  both  residents  of  this 
city,  went  out  to  prospect  Burnt  Bridge  creek, 
which  empties  into  Vancouver  lake,  two.  and 
one-half  miles   north   and  west   of    this    city. 
They  finally  set  some  sluice  boxes  on  land  be- 
longing to  M.  Wintler,  Esq.,  and  when  the  rain 
would  permit,  worked  off  and  on  for  a  month, 
just  long  enough  to  clean  up  a  couple   of  times 
and  demonstrate  that  there  was  pay  in  the  dirt. 
They  labored  under  some  difficulties,  as  the  faU 
was  slight,  the  weather  bad,    and   the  tailings 
had  to  be  shoveled  out,  but  they  made  about  $3 
a  day  to  the  man.     This  set  of  owners  of  lands 
on  the  creek  bottom  to  thinking,  and  among 
them  George  Tooley  went   prospecting  on  the 
piece  of  ground  nearest  the  lake,  below   aU  the 
others.     He  soon  demonstrated  that   there  was 
good  pay  in  the  bottom,  and  continued  at  work 
running  a  ditch   to  get  water,   when  Portland 
parties  heard  of  the  discovery,  and  came  over  to 
look  after  it.     For  several   weeks  negotiations 
for  the  purchase  of  the  property  by  these  Port- 
land parties  have  been  going  on,  and  last  week 
a  bargain  was   concluded,    the  Portland  men 
agreeing  to  pay  $10,000  for  Tooley's  property 
and  putting  down  §600  forfeit  to  secure  the 
purchase.     They  also  purchased  T.  J.  Wilson's 
land  above  the  Tooley  farm  for  $2,200.     Tooley 
still  retaims  the  piece  above  the  road  where  he 
resides,  which  is  as  rich  in  gold  as  any  other 
part   of    the    bottom.     Whether    any    mining 
operations  are  to  be  carried  on  this  season  by 
the  Portland  parties   we   have  no   information. 
Although  the  existence  of  these  paying  diggings 
has  been  known  here  all  winter,  no  public  men- 
tion has  been  made  of  it  for  the  reason   that  it 
would  do  no  good  to  create  an   excitement  that 
would  fill  the  country  with   a  lot  of  needy  ad- 
venturers, who  could  do  nothing   on  their  own 
account,    as    every    available     foot   of  mining 
ground  was  held  by  farmers  and  land  owners, 
without  whose  consent  no  mining  could  be  done. 
Now  the  field  wiU  be  developed,  and  it  is   cer- 
tain to  pay  well,  without  bringing  with  it  the 
evils  of  a  mining  excitement.     One  or  two  old 
miners  from  the  upper  country  have  signified 
their    intention    of    prospecting     the    country 
nearer  the  mountains  this  season,  and  they  will 
find,    as   Vancouver   men   have    found    before 
them,  a  show  in  many  places,  and  perhaps  good 
mining  ground. —  Vancouver  Independent, 


May  3,  1879.  "1 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


287 


Agriculture  in  the  Governmeut  Surveys. 

Oar  friend,  Dr.   sturtevant,   of  tho  Scientific 
rt  brings  forward   an   important   matter 

when  he  laments  that  the  government  surveys 
of  our  vast  territorial  regions  have  almoet 
wholly  ignored  the  gathering  of  important  data 
concerning  the  agricultural  resources,  adapt*  • 
tium  and  possibilities  of  the  new  lands  whioh 
they  have  traversed.  It  is  true  that  many  of 
the  reports  have  contained  allusions  to  agricul- 
tural values,  but  they  have  been  in  the  maio 
hasty  generalisations,  wholly  subsidiary  to  the 
purely  scientific  investigations  whioh  occupy  the 
leading  place.  The  crowning  work  of  the 
Hayden  survey,  the  atlas  of  Colorado,  it  is  true, 
makes  more  pretentions  to  industrial  value  and 
awards  the  subject  one  of  its  superb  maps. 
Perhaps  the  failure  to  give  industrial  resources 
the  attention  they  merit,  has  been  owing  to  the 
fact  that  these  surveys  have  been  planned  and 
executed  by  men  who  thought  but  little  of 
industrial  matters,  but  it  has  been  a  mistake 
nevertheless,  and  oue  which  should  bo  corrected 
in  the  future  work  of  the  government.  We 
agree  with  Dr.  Sturtevant  that  the  scientific 
value  of  the  explorations  should  not  be  reduced, 
but  there  should  evidently  be  grafted  upon  them 
industrial  features.  It  is  true  that  the  gather- 
ing of  abstract  scientitic  truth  is  a  deed  worthy 
of  public  patronage,  but  where  it  is  evidently  to 
the  interest  of  the  country  to  have  these  waste 
places  utilized  and  populated,  and  as  the  money 
to  execute  the  explorations  comes  from  the 
devotees  of  industry  rather  than  of  science,  it 
is  plain  that  facts  for  practical  use  should  at 
leaat  stand  upon  a  par  with  abstract  researches. 
This  boon  to  workers  has,  in  the  case  of 
several  prosperous  States,  been  secured  by 
surveys  under  State  patronage.  In  our  own 
State  an  industrial  survey,  as  urged  by  Prof. 
Hilgard,  finds  approval  among  many  people. 
But  the  new  regions  which  are  in  the  main,  the 
property  of  the  general  government,  must  be 
made  known  by  the  government  surveys.  It  is 
certainly  as  much  to  the  interest  of  our  whole 
people  that  a  new  and  valuable  stock  range 
should  be  as  thoroughly  studied  as  a  glacier,  and 
that  the  irrigation  capacity  of  a  river  in  a  dry 
laud  should  be  estimated  as  carefully  as  the 
hight  of  a  mountain.  That  these  facts  have  not 
been  set  forth  has  been  a  sin  of  omission.  What 
has  been  done  is  perhaps  well,  but  the  other 
should  not  have  been  left  undone.  In  making 
up  an  expedition  staff,  place  should  certainly  be 
made  for  men  of  experience  and  judgment  who 
COUld  set  forth  industrial  values,  while  their 
scientific  colleagues  were  measuring  triangles, 
mapping  moraines,  bagging  buttes  and  studying 
ethnology  in  Indian  bones  and  relics.  Asa  new 
regime  has  now  been  arranged  by  Congress  for 
future  governmental  exploration,  it  will  be 
timely  to  expand  the  fundamental  plan  of  these 
public  studies  so  that  points  of  direct  importance 
to  the  whole  country  shall  not  be  neglected. — 
Pacific  Rural  Press. 


UsEfdL     lfJFQr\[*y\JIQN. 


Sights  Seen  from  a  Railroad  Train. 

Some  new  optical  delusions  have  been  de- 
scribe! by  Dr.  L,  P.  Thompson.  Those  con- 
nected with  the  railroad  may  serve  to  relieve 
tho  tedium  <>f  travel  by  affording  an  agreeable 
exercise  to  tho  mind  in  endeavoring  to  explain 
them.  When  a  landscape  is  observed  from  a 
moving  train,  all  object h  to  the  remote  horizon 
appear  to  be  passing  in  the  contrary  direction, 
those  nearest  having  the  greatest  velocity.  Con- 
sequently, if  the  attention  be  fixed  upon  any 
object  at  some  distance  from  the  line,  all  ob- 
jects beyond  will  relatively  appear  to  be  mov- 
ing foward  with  the  train,  while  objects  nearer 
appear  to  be  moving  backwards.  The  combined 
effect  is  to  make  the  landscape  appear  to  be  re- 
volving centrally  round  whatever  point  wo  fix 
i>ur  attention  upon.  Rain  seeu  from  a  moving 
train  always  seems  to  be  falling  obliquely  (ex- 
cept in  a  very  strong  gale  in  tho  direction  of  the 
train's  motion)  in  a  direction  opposite  to  that  of 
the  motion  of  the  train.  But  if  another  train 
happens  to  pass  in  the  opposite  direction,  and 
we  look  out  at  this  and  follow  it  with  our  eyes, 
raindrops  falling  between  the  two  trains  will 
seem  to  be  flying  forward  with  ourselves.  If 
we  stand  upon  a  platform  of  a  station  and 
watch  a  train  approach,  the  end  of  the  engine 
appears  to  enlargo  or  swell  as  it  approaches,  and 
occupies  a  larger  area  of  the  field  of  vision. 
Conversely  the  end  of  the  last  car  on  a  return- 
ing train  appears  to  shrink  down  and  contract 
as  it  diminishes  in  apparent  magnitude.  An 
observer  at  some  slight  elevation  above  a  rail- 
road, seeing  two  trains  pass  along  simultaneous- 
ly iu  opposite  directions,  will  receive  the  im- 
pression of  one  long  train  moving  round  a 
circle. 


Art  as  an  Aid  to  Industry. — A  mechanic 
working  in  the  blacksmith's  shop  of  the  Pbcenix 
Iron  Company,  at  Phcenixville,  Pa.,  visited  the 
Pennsylvania  Museum  and  School  of  Industrial 
Arts  in  Memorial  Hall,  and  took  a  fancy  to  the 
(piaint  and  beautiful  work  in  wrought  iron  there 
exhibited — vines,  ilowers,  tendrils,  and  leaves, 
wrought  by  hand  on  the  anvil  by  the  skilled 
smiths  of  foreign  lands.  He  not  only  admired 
them,  but  saw  in  that  sort  of  work  the  opening 
of  a  profitable  industry.  So  at  night,  in  his 
own  house,  at  a  forge  improvised  for  the  occa- 
sion, he  aud  his  brother  worked  out  designs  in 
forged  iron — oak  leaveB,  acorns,  and  the  like. 
Having  finished  his  work,  he  took  specimens  to 
the  trustees  of  the  museum,  told  what  he  could 
do,  aud  borrowed  models  for  the  continuance  of 
his  work.  There  is  already  a  considerable  de- 
mand for  such  ornamental  iron  work  in  the 
decoration  of  buildings,  and  it  is  safe  to  predict 
for  the  new  industry  and  its  originators  a  suc- 
cessful and  profitable  employment.  — Scientific 
American. 


Thk  San  Francisco  Call  says  that  the  line 
proposed  as  the  extension  of  the  Central  or 
Weat  Side  railroad  has  been  definitely  located, 
excepting  at  one  or  two  points,  and  the  right 
of  way  secured,  excepting  in  cases  of  a  few 
land  tracts  owned  by  non-residents.  For  the 
privilege  of  passing  over  these  lands,  the  com- 
pany may  be  compelled  to  sue  under  the  law 
condemning  lights  of  way.  In  any  case,  the 
progress  of  the  work  will  not,  in  any  way,  be 
hindered.  The  contract  for  the  grading  of  the 
first  10  miles  of  road  from  the  present  terminus 
at  St.  Joseph,  in  Yamhill,  to  Amity,  in  the 
same  county,  has  been  let,  and  work  is  pro- 
gressing fairly,  considering  the  state  of  the 
weather.  Another  contract  for  grading  from 
Amity  south  will  soon  be  let.  The  sites  for  the 
bridge  across  the  north  fork  of  the  Yamhill 
have  been  built,  and  butts  set  up  and  piles 
driven  for  a  pier  on  the  west  side  of  the  main 
stream.  The  work  of  driving  piles  for  the 
bridge  to  span  Cozine  creek,  near  McMinnicke, 
will  commence  in  a  few  days.  Almost  all  the 
timbers  for  the  large  trestles  and  for  truss 
bridges  of  the  northern  part  of  the  road  are 
framed.  Over  17,000  ties  have  been  completed, 
and  a  special  train  is  now  engaged  in  carrying 
them  to  St.  Joe,  where  they  will  be  sent  out 
by  construction  cars  as  required.  The  con- 
struction, passenger,  baggage  and  box  cars  are 
Srogressing  rapidly  at  the  machine  shops  of  the 
regon  and  California  Railroad  Company.  The 
first  vessel,  with  1,600  tons  of  iron,  left  Phila- 
delphia on  the  26'th  of  February,  and  other  lots 
of  rails,  with  car  wheels  and  axles,  have  left  by 
vessel  for  San  Francisco,  from  whence  they  will 
he  shipped  by  steamer  to  this  city.  Another 
large  lot  of  wheels,  axles  and  other  materials 
for  car  construction  will  arrive  by  the  State  of 
California,  now  on  her  way  to  Portland  from 
Philadelphia. 


To  make  a  Razor  Strop — Select  a  piece  of 
satin,  maple,  or  rose  wood,  12  inches  long,  1£ 
inches  wide,  and  g  inch  thick;  allow  3\  inches 
for  length  of  handle.  Half  an  inch  from  where 
the  handle  begins,  notch  out  the  thickness  of 
the  leather  so  as  to  make  it  Hush  toward  the 
end.  Taper  also  the  thickness  of  the  leather; 
this  precaution  prevents  the  case  from  tearing 
up  the  leather  in  putting  the  strop  in.  Then 
round  the  wood  very  slightly,  just  enough  (say 
one-twelfth  of  an  inch)  to  keep  from  cutting  by 
the  razor  in  stropping  and  turning  over  the 
same.  Now  select  a  proper-sized  piece  of  fine 
French  bookbinder's  calfskin,  cover  with  good 
wheat  or  rye  paste,  then  lay  the  edge  in  the 
notch,  and  secure  it  in  place  with  a  small  vice, 
proceed  to  rub  it  down  firmly  and  as  solid  as 
possible  with  a  tooth-brush  handle  (always  at 
hand,  or  should  be),  and,  after  the  whole  is 
thoroughly  dry,  trim  it  neatly  and  make   the 


Utah  and  Northern  Extension  Railroad. 
This  road  is  completed  as  far  as  a  point  four 
miles  beyond  Eagle  Rock.  This  makes  the  en- 
tire length  of  the  water  217  miles.  Of  this  26 
miles  have  been  laid  since  the  26th  of  February 
last,  and  the  road  is  now  about  four  miles  from 
the  point  where  it  will  cross  Snake  river.  For 
this  last  named  point  the  road  has  been  vigor- 
ously pushed  since  the  recommencement  of 
work  this   spring,  with  a  view  to  its  early  com- 

Eletion  in  order  that  the  iron  bridge,  now  being 
uilt  East,  could  be  shipped  over  the  road  and 
laid  across  the   Snake  river  before  the  month 


Emery  Belts  and  Wheels. — A  correspond- 
ent says  that  most  users  of  emery  belts  and 
emery  wheels  do  not  use  glue  that  is  thick 
enough,  fearing  it  may  chill  before  the  sand  or 
emery  can  be  spread.  In  making  an  emery 
wheel  or  belt,  if  the  cloth  has  never  been  glued, 
it  should  be  sized  with  glue  about  as  thick  as 
lard  oil,  and  allowed  to  dry  thoroughly  before 
applying  the  glue  which  holds  the  emery.  Have 
the  emery  heated  to  200°  Fah.,  and  coat  the  belt 
or  wheel  with  glue  about  as  thick  as  molasses 
and  roll  it  in  the  hot  emery.  If  a  wheel  or 
belt  thus  treated  is  allowed  sufficient  time  to 
become  thoroughly  dry  it  will  be  very  service- 
able. 


Cleaning  Sponges. — A  gelatinous  substance 
frequently  forms  in  sponges  after  prolonged  use 
in  water.  A  weak  solution  of  permanganate  of 
potassa  will  remove  it.  The  brown  stain  caused 
by  the  chemical  can  be  got  rid  of  by  soaking  in 
very  dilute  muriatic  acid.  An  old  and  dirty 
sponge  may  be  cleaned  by  first  soaking  it  for 
some  hours  in  a  solutiou  of  permanganate  of 
potassa,  then  squeezing  it,  and  putting  it  into  a 
weak  solution  of  hydrochloric  acid,  one  part 
acid  to  10  parts  water. 

Simple  Mode  of  Silvering  Metals. — Small 
articles  may  easily  be  coated  with  silver  by  dip- 
ping them  first  into  a  solution  of  common  salt, 
and  rubbing  with  a  mixture  of  one  part  of  pre- 
cipitated chloride  of  silver,  two  parts  of  potassa 
alum,  eight  paits  of  common  salt,  and  the  same 
quantity  of  cream  of  tartar.  The  article  is  then 
washed  and  dried  with  a  soft  rag. 


New  Nickel-Plating  Solution  not  Patented. 

In  view  of  the  recent  decision  in  regard  to 
nickel-plating,  the  following  information  from 
the  Manufacturer  and  Buiider  may  be  found 
of  useful  interest : 

Messrs.  Boynton,  Wiler  &  Co.,  in  England, 
have  for  sale  a  new  nickel-plating  solution, 
whioh  they  confidently  recommend  for  the  fol- 
lowing reasons  :  1st.  It  is  a  solution  of  the 
double  salt  of  cyanide  of  nickel  and  potassium, 
and  consequently  not  a  solution  which  is  used 
and  prepared  by  the  alleged  Adams  process. 
2d.  It  will  plate  on  all  metals  directly,  includ- 
ing zinc,  lead  and  solder,  and  penetrates  deeply 
into  the  pores  of  the  cathode,  thereby  prevent- 
ing oxidation.  3d.  It  will  positively  plate 
three  times  faster  than  auy  known  process; 
sometimes  in  about  eight  minutes.  4th.  It 
never  requires  a  special  regulation  by  eleetricity, 
thereby  preventing  tho  burning  of  the  smallest 
articles  by  the  strongest  currents.  5th.  Arti- 
cles to  be  plated  never  become  injured  from 
oxidation  in  the  solution.  6th.  It  produces  a 
coherent,  tenacious  and  flexible  deposit,  supe- 
rior to  auy  known  to  Bcience.  7th.  No  acid  dips 
are  required  for  any  kind  of  work,  while  Dr. 
Adams  claims  that  acid  dips  are  very  essential 
for  good  results.  8th.  The  expense  of  keeping 
the  solution  in  perfect  working  order  does  not 
exceed  So  per  100  gallons  per  month,  if  ordinary 
care  is  used,  as  in  all  other  solutions. 

They  are  prepared  to  sell  this  solution  on 
favorable  terms,  thereby  dispensing  with  the 
license  or  royalty  business  altogether. 

Cement  for  Joining  Metals  with  Non- 
Metallic  Substances. — To  obtain  a  cement 
suitable  for  joining  metals  and  non-metallic 
substances,  mix  liquid  glue  with  a  sufficient 
quantity  of  wood-ashes  to  form  a  thick  mass. 
The  ashes  should  be  added  in  small  quantities 
to  the  glue  while  boiling,  and  constantly  stirred. 
A  sort  of  mastic  is  thus  obtained,  which,  ap- 
plied hot  to  the  two  surfaces  that  are  to  be 
joined,  make  them  adhere  firmly  together.  A 
similar  substance  may  be  prepared  by  dissolv- 
ing in  boiling  water  two  and  one-fourth  pounds 
of  glue  and  two  ounces  of  gum  ammoniac,  add- 
ing, iu  small  quantities,  about  two  ounces  of 
sulphuric  acid. 

Wax  Pencils. — Now  that  such  enormous  de- 
posits of  mineral  wax  have  been  found  in  Utah, 
it  may  be  of  interest  to  point  to  a  minor  use  of 
this  substance  for  wax  pencils,  which,  it  is 
stated,  are  made  by  an  Austrian  firm,  Messrs. 
Ofenheim,  Griffen  Co.,  for  marking  and  writing 
on  all  kinds  of  wood,  linen,  cloth,  and  paper, 
and  as  a  substitute  for  chalk  for  blackboards. 
It  is  stated  that  the  marks  with  these  pencils 
are  not  obliterated  by  moisture  or  rubbing,  nor 
are  they  affected  by  acids. 


Grease-Spots  on  Clothing. — In  using  ben- 
zole or  turpentine,  people  make  the  mistake  of 
wetting  the  cloth  with  the  turpentine  and  then 
rubbing  it  with  a  sponge  or  piece  of  cloth.  The 
only  way  to  radically  remove  grease-apots  is  to 
place  soft  blotting-paper  beneath  and  on  top  of 
the  grease-spot,  which  spot  has  first  been 
thoroughly  saturated  with  the  benzole,  and 
then  well  pressed.  The  fat  gets  now  dissolved 
and  absorbed  by  the  paper,  and  entirely  re- 
moved from  the  clothing. 


Qqqd    t^E^E-TH- 


Care  of  Children's  Eyes. 

It  is  no  uncommon  thing  now  to  see,  or  hear 
of,  mere  children  using  eye-glasses,  because  of 
some  defect  of  sight.  Myopia  (for  near-sight- 
edness) is  the  most  common  defect,  and  it  is 
said  to  be  manifestly  increasing  among  school- 
children, in  other  countries  as  well  as  in  our 
own.  The  eyes  of  studious  children  are  espe- 
cially liable  to  Buffer.  Reading  tires  weak 
eyes,  and  eyes  grow  weak  or  diseased  from  too 
steady  application  to  books.  There  are  many 
disadvantages  connected  with  learning  the  al- 
phabet in  very  early  childhood,  and  danger  to 
the  sight  may  be  reckoned  among  them.  The 
eyes  of  children,  like  all  their  other  organs  and 
faculties,  are  adapted  to  the  study  of  natural 
objects,  or  the  phenomena  of  the  world  into 
which  they  have  lately  come.  This  study  is 
play  to  them,  and  tends  to  a  healthy  develop- 
ment of  both  mind  and  body.  Their  introduc- 
tion to  the  fine  long  lines  of  little  black  letters 
in  print  should  not  come  too  early,  or  too  rap- 
idly— not  until  a  love  for  nature  and  a  faculty 
for  observation  have  been  so  cultivated  that 
reading  will  not  be  immoderately  attractive. 
Then  they  must  learn  to  read  and  study  in  a 
proper  light,  one  that  shines  upon  the  book  or 
paper,  and  not  directly-  upon  the  eyes,  A 
hanging  lamp  is  much  to  be  desired,  and  those 
who  read  in  the  evening  can  sit  so  that  the  light 
comes  down  upon  the  page  from  behind  them. 
In  gathering  about  the  evening  lamp  upon  the 
table,  those  who  read  should  sit  so  that  the 
light  shines  upon  the  book  or  paper  from  over 
the  shoulder — the  left  Bhoulder  if  practicable. 
The  eyes  suffer  severe  strain  from  reading  when 
lying  down.  One  who  is  too  tired  to  sit  up,  is 
too  tired  to  read.  When  the  body  is  enfeebled 
by  disease,  the  eyes  are  weak  sympathetically 
and  should  not  be  allowed  close  application. 
Reading  in  railway  cars,  or  in   any  place  where 


it  is  impossible  to  keep  a  steady  focus  for  the 
sight,  causes  strain  and  injury  to  the  eyes. 
Children  should  be  taught  to  avoid  all  these  in- 
jurious  practices.  Most  of  the  youthful  cases 
of  nearsightedness  are  those  who  begin  to  learn 
piano-playing  when  quite  young,  aud  it  seems 
that  the  fixing  of  the  sight  upon  the  notes, 
while  the  energies  are  at  the  same  time  bent 
upon  the  schooling  of  the  fingers,  has  a  peculiar 
tendency  to  develop  near-sightedness.  Ought 
not  a  child's  music  lesson  to  be  made  very 
short,  and  the  hours  of  practice  few  and  of  brief 
duration?  We  think  so  not  only  for  the  sake 
of  the  eyes,  but  also  for  the  sake  of  the  spinal 
column  and  the  nervous  system. 

Bad  Temper  and  Insanity. 

Says  the  Popular  Science  Monthly:  Passionate 
people — the  hasty  kind — who  flare  up  in  a 
blaze,  like  fire  to  tow  or  a  roal  to  powder,  with- 
out taking  time  to  inquire  whether  there  is  any 
ground  for  such  a  pyrotechnic  display,  and  then 
get  more  furious  when  they  find  out  there  was 
no  cause  for  their  fiery  feats,  may  learn  a  useful 
as  well  as  a  serious  lesson  from  an  item  iu  Dr. 
Blauchard's  report  of  the  King's  County  Lu- 
natic Asylum,  that  '  'three  men  and  three 
women  became  insane  by  uncontrollable  tem- 
per. " 

We  all  feel  a  sympathy  for  one  who  has  be- 
come demented  from  loss  of  kindred,  from  dis- 
appointment, and  from  a  hard  lot  in  life;  but  we 
can  have  no  such  feeling  for  quarrelsome,  ill- 
natured,  fretful,  fault-finding,  complaining, 
grumbling  creatures,  the  greater  part  of  whose 
every-day  life  tends  to  make  those  whose 
calamity  it  is  to  be  bound  to  them,  as  miserable 
as  themselves.  Bad  temper  is  a  crime,  and, 
like  other  crimes,  is  ordained  in  the  course  of 
nature,  to  meet,  sooner  or  later,  its  merited  re- 
ward. Other  vile  passions  may  have  some 
points  of  extenuation,  the  pleasure,  for  example, 
which  may  attend  their  indulgence,  but  ill- 
nature — that  is,  a  fretful,  fault-finding  spirit, 
in  its  origin,  action  and  end,  has  no  extenuating 
quality;  and,  in  the  application  of  the  old  prin- 
ciple, "with  what  measure  ye  mete,  it  shall  be 
measured  to  you  again,"  will  find  a  most  piti- 
able end.  Therefore,  with  all  the  power  that 
has  been  given  you,  strive  and  strive  for  life,  to 
mortify  this  deed  of  the  flesh.  Watch  hourly, 
watch  every  moment  against  the  indulgence  of 
a  hasty  temper,  as  being  offensive  to  yourself 
and  contemptible  in  the  eyes  of  your  fellow 
man — contemptible,  because  for  the  person  who 
possesses  it,  and  knows  it,  yet  indulges  in  it, 
and  makes  no  effective  efforts  to  restrain  it,  no 
human  being  can  have  any  abiding  attachment 
or  respect,  founded  as  it  is  in  low  morals,  or 
low  intellect,  or  both. 

Preventing  Seasickness.  — Of  the  many 
annoyances  to  which  the  traveling  public  is 
subject  at  this  particular  season,  seasickness  is, 
perhaps,  the  most  distressing.  A  perfect  cure 
for  this  malady  would  rob  ocean  travel  of  half 
its  terrors.  No  drug,  however,  has  been 
discovered  which  acts  as  a  specific.  The  cause 
of  the  sickness  is  largely,  if  not  wholly,  due  to 
the  involuntary  and  unexpected  motions  to 
which  the  passenger  is  subjected  on  board  ship. 
These  cause  undue  pressure  upon  the  stomach 
and  liver,  and  derange  the  action  of  those 
organs.  To  prevent  this,  attention  has  recently 
been  called  to  an  old  plan,  which  is  said  to  be 
very  successful.  It  consists  in  regulating  the 
act  of  breathing  according  to  the  pitching  or 
rolling  of  the  vessel,  drawing  in  the  breath  as 
she  rises,  and  breathing  out  as  she  falls  into  the 
trough  or  the  waves.  After  a  little  experience 
the  practice,  it  is  said,  becomes  involuntary. 
When  seasickness  has  fairly  set  in,  the  only 
thing  to  be  done  is  to  get  rid  of  the  extra  bile 
thrown  into  the  circulation,  and  to  allay  the 
irritation  of  the  stomach.  For  the  latter, 
brandy  is  the  popular  remedy,  but  cool,  effer- 
vescing drinks  are  preferable.  Champagne  is 
recommended  as  the  best  medicine  to  subdue 
nausea,  and  give  the  necessary  tone  to  the 
system.  — Scientific  A  merican. 

Gases  of  the  Stomach. — In  a  paper  recently 
read  before  the  Paris  Academy  of  Medicine,  the 
author  expressed  the  opinion  that  food  does  not 
produce  gas,  and  that  the  gases  which  are  found 
in  the  digestive  tubes  proceed  from  the  external 
air,  the  blood  and  fecal  matter;  these  gases  are 
continually  put  in  motion  by  the  pathological 
contractions  of  the  muscular  fibers  of  the  intes* 
tines;  expelled  by  the  mouth,  they  are  con- 
stantly renewed,  and  their  production  may  be 
as  incessant  in  a  starving  man  as  in  one  who  is 
well  fed.  This  symptom  of  production  of  gas, 
therefore,  signifies  an  irritation  of  the  stomach, 
which  is  always  consecutive  to  a  long-standing 
gastric  dyspepsia.  No  therapeutic  agent  need 
be  sought  to  combat  these  gases. 

Preventives  of  Lead  Colic. — If  working  in 
lead,  wash  the  hands  several  times  a  day  in  a 
strong  decoction  of  oak-bark.  Keep  the  hair 
short,  and  (if  a  painter)  wear  a  clean  cloth  cap. 
The  clothes  should  be  frequently  washed,  and 
the  hands  also,  especially  before  touching  food. 
Before  eating  the  mouth  should  be  rinsed  with 
cold  water.  A  weak  oak-bark  decoction  should 
be  used  as  a  wash  several  times  a  week.  The 
body  should  be  sponged  night  and  morning  with 
cold  or  tepid  water,  and  the  hair  thoroughly 
washed  every  evening  after  work.  The  food 
should  contain  a  large  proportion  of  fatty  sub- 
stances, and  milk  should  be  taken  in  large 
quantities. 


288 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[May  3,  1879. 


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iiMiimlMES;S,: 


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SAN   FRANCISCO: 
Saturday  Morning,  May  3,  1879. 


TABLE  OP  CONTENTS. 

EDITORIALS.— Wenzell's  Pneumatic  Clock  System; 
Assaying  at  the  University;  The  Leadville  Mines;  Min- 
ing near  Reading,  281.  The  Week;  A  Word  More 
About  Investing  in  Dividend-Paying  Mines;  Notes  on 
Trinity  County,  288-89.  Dow'a  Improved  Steam 
Pump;  Linooln's  Improved  Axle;  Quartz  Mining  near 
Home,  289.    Notices  of  Recent  Patents,  292. 

ILLUSTRATIONS.—  Wenzell's  Regulator  for  Air 
Clocks,  281.  Design  for  Rural  Villa  in  Italian  Style, 
286.  Dow's  Improved  Steam  Pump;  Lincoln's  Im- 
proved Axle,  289. 

CORRESPONDENCE.— Gold  with  the  Silver,  284. 
Accounts  for  their  Failures,  285. 

MECHANICAL  PROGRESS.— Improvements  in 
Iron  Production;  Manganese  Steel;  Oils  and  Fats  as 
Lubricants;  The  Manufacture  of  Gun  Barrels;  Railroad 
Items;  Working  Steam  at  High  Pressure,  283. 

SCIENTIFIC  PROGRESS. -New  Minerals;  Inter- 
esting Experiment;  Light  and  Heat  in  Gas  Flames; 
Where  Does  Coal  Oil  Come  From?  Decomposition  of 
Wood-Tar  at  a  Red  Heat,  283. 

MINING  STOCK  MARKET.— Sales  at  the  San 
Francisco,  California  and  Pacific  Stock  Boards.  Notices 
of  Assessments,  Meetings  and  Dividends,  284. 

MINING  SUMMARY  from  the  various  counties  of 
California,  Nevada,  Arizona  and  Colorado,  285-292. 

USEFUL  INFORMATION.— Siehts  Seen  from  a 
Railroad  Train;  Art  as  an  Aid  to  Industry;  To  Make  a 
Razor  Strop;  Emery  Belts  and  Wheels;  Cleaning 
Sponges;  Simple  Mode  of  Silvering  Metals;  New  Nickel- 
Plating  Solution  not  Patented;  Cement  for  Joining 
Metals  with  Non-Metallic  Substances;  Wax  Pencils; 
Grease-Spots  on  Clothing,  287. 

GOOD  HEALTH.  —  Care  of  Children's  Eyes;  Bad 
Temper  and  Insanity;  Preventing  Seasickness;  Gases  of 
the  Stomach;  Preventives  of  Lead  Colic,  287. 

MISCELLANEOUS. -The  Valley  of  the  Gunnison; 
Moving  the  Decimal  Point  to  Suit  the  Case;  Cape  Foul- 
weather;  The  King  of  Artesian  Well  Engineers;  Rushing; 
Excursions  to  the  Sierras;  The  Catamarian  "Zarifa;" 
Sub-Marine  Telegraph  to  South  Africa;  Measurement  of 
Water;  Cooling  Hot  Journals.  282.  The  Proposed 
Sacramento  River  Relief  Canal;  The  Comstock  as  a 
Lead-Bearing  Mine;  Southern  Inyo;  A  Rural  Mansion; 
Indestructable  Stone;  Interesting  to  Anthropologists; 
The  Vancouver  Gold  Field,  286.  Agriculture  in  the 
Govern m^nt  Surveys;  West  Side  Railroad;  Utah  and 
Northern  Extension  Railroad,  287- 

NEWS  IN  BRIEF  on  page  292  and  other  pages. 

Business   Announcements. 

Troll  Hygienic,  Medical  and  Surgical  Sanitarium,  S.  F. 
Scientific  Books,  E.  &  F.  N.  Spou,  N.  Y. 
Notions,  W.  D.  Hammitt,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 


The  Week. 


With  the  near  approach  of  the  Constitutional 
election  interest  rises  to  a  fever  heat,  and  men 
of  all  parties  brace  themselves  for  more  energetic 
efforts  in  f urtherence  of  success  and  remedy  of 
failure.  Which  ever  way  the  election  goes  the 
prospect  for  California,  and  for  the  Pacific  coast 
generally,  is  a  hopeful  one.  From  the  propi- 
tiousness  of  natural  agencies  our  prosperity  is 
generally  assured.  The  abundant  rains  and 
past  good  weather  have  made  a  bountiful  grain 
crop  certain.  But  it  is  in  mining  that  the  im- 
proving outlook  is  most  apparent. 

True,  stooks  are  down,  but  this  is  not  always 
an  unfavorable  sign.  Without  doubt  the  legiti- 
mate field  of  mining  is  widening  every  day. 
From  all  our  States  and  Territories  come  news 
of  extensive  prospecting,  location  of  new  dis- 
tricts, opening  of  new  mines  and  large  increase 
of  bullion  products.  The  hydraulic  miners  are 
especially  favored  in  the  unusual  abundance  of 
water.  The  severity  of  winter  which  has  so 
impeded  the  fall  development  of  many  moun- 
tain camps,  has  gradually  passed  into  the  more 
favorable  weather  of  spring;  and  from  them 
also  the  chorus  of  drills  and  sledges  and  of 
blasting  thunder  resounds  with  loudly  increas- 
ing vigor. 

Lieut.  Willard  Young  and  command  have 
resumed  the  work  of  surveying  Great  Salt  Lake, 
at  the  place  where  it  was  discontinued  last  year. 

The  Reichstag  has  voted  the  sum  of  1,830,- 
000  marks  for  the  further  construction  of  sub- 
terranean telegraph  wires  in  Germany. 

Queen  Victoria  has  left  Italy  for  England. 


A  Word  More  About  Investing  in  Divi- 
dend-Paying Mines. 

Certain  of  our  Eastern  contemporaries  affect 
to  regard  it  as  a  little  strange  that  the  Press 
should  have  thought  it  worth  while  to  caution 
investors  abroad  against  buying  the  shares  of 
dividend-paying  mines  on  this  coast.  Our  re- 
marks in  this  connection  were  intended  to  not 
exactly  discourage  the  purchase  of  such  shares, 
but  to  suggest  that  the  buyers  look  out  that 
they  do  not  pay  too  high  prices  for  them  under 
the  impression  that  these  dividends  are  to  be 
indefinitely  continued.  We  have  mines  that 
for  a  long  series  of  years  have  yielded  steady 
profits;  but  they  have  not  generally  been  listed 
at  the  stock  boards  here  or  elsewhere,  nor  are 
their  shares  in  a  public  way  at  all  dealt  in. 
With  the  properties  that  have  attracted  wide 
notice  through  the  disbursement  of  large  net 
earnings  and  extensive  transactions  on  the  stock 
exchanges  the  dividend-paying  era  has  not  been 
protracted.  These  properties  have  not,  in  fact, 
remained  long  in  bonanza.  With  our  exhaust- 
ive system  of  mining  this  was  impossible.  The 
enginery  we  employ  does  its  work  too  rapidly. 
What  ore  body  could  long  hold  out  against  the 
depleting  forces  of  these  modern  agencies  and 
appliances  !  One  after  another  every  dividend- 
paying  mine  on  the  Comstock  has  by  this  in- 
tensified and  energized  process  been  forced  over 
the  dead  line,  there  to  remain  till  it  recovers 
the  function  of  profitable  production.  During 
the  past  twenty  years  a  full  dozen  of  these 
properties  have  in  this  manner  been  relegated 
to  their  first  sterile  and  profitless  condition. 
With  deeper  exploration  some  of  these  mines 
will  be  restored  to  prosperity,  while  others  will 
probably  be  marked  by  such  persistent  barren- 
ness, as  will  lead  at  last  to  their  entire  aban- 
donment. 

And  so  of  our  fertile  mines  elsewhere:  at- 
tacked in  such  force  their  resources  must  soon 
show  signs  of  failure,  if  they  do  not  wholly  give 
out.  So  far  as  the  stock  of  ore  in  a  single 
mine  or  many  mines  is  concerned,  it  is  merely  a 
question  whether,  through  the  employment  of 
these  improved  mechanisms  and  methods,  it 
shall  be  speedily  used  up,  or  whether  by  an  ad- 
herence to  the  old  ways  and  means  its  life  shall 
be  extended.  If  our  ore-bearing  deposits  were 
few  or  of  limited  extent,  it  might  perhaps  be 
best  to  slacken  our  pace  and  be  a  little  more 
guarded  against  their  waste.  As  it  is,  how- 
ever, with  the  material  in  such  exhaustless 
quantity  an  opposite  policy  would  no  doubt  be 
the  best,  as  it  certainly  is  the  one  which  we 
shall  continue  to  pursue — going  on  as  we  have 
begun,  driving  this  business  under  high  pres- 
sure, delivering  our  mines  by  the  Cesarean 
process,  and  leaving  dividends  the  magnificent 
but  evanescent  thing  they  are  at  present.  We 
can  take  no  backward  step  in  this  industry. 
We  shall  go  on  doing  our  lifting  and  pumping 
with  great  hoisting  works,  performing  with  a 
single  engine  a  service  for  which  in  the  Spanish 
American  mines  an  army  of  peons  was  required. 
Our  capacious  mills  will  continue  reducing  the 
ore  for  which  in  Mexico  alone  14,000  mules 
were  kept  to  drive  the  arastras  and  tread  the 
patios.  Our  motto  in  the  future  as  in  the  past 
will  be  onward  and  downward,  paying  divi- 
dends when  the  mines  can  earn  and  the  mana- 
gers deem  it  policy  to  spare  them. 

To  invest  in  the  shares  of  some  of  our  non- 
dividend  paying  mines  might  not  just  now  be 
such  a  dangerous  experiment.  Certain  of  these 
properties  under  very  thorough  exploration 
afford  signs  of  approaching  ore  developments, 
which  should  they  be  realized  would  cause 
the  price  of  these  shares  to  advance  rapidly. 
Eastern  investors  put  their  money  into  railroad, 
coal  and  other  stocks  that  not  only  aft'ord  no 
net  revenue,  but  which  can  in  no  event  be  ex- 
pected to  make  any  great  advance  on  the  figures 
at  which  they  are  now  quoted.  Nor  are  these 
stocks  free  from  fluctuations,  sometimes  quite 
as  extreme  as  anything  ever  seen  in  our  mining 
share  market.  Shares  in  the  New  York  Cen- 
tral and  Hudson  River  Railroad,  accounted  a 
standard  stock  the  world  over,  fell  ten  years 
ago  in  a  single  month  from  §192  to  $85.  The 
stock  of  the  Panama  Railroad,  another  favorite, 
stood  at  $369  per  share  in  September,  1S68,  and 
at  $49  in  June,  1671.  Toledo  &  Wabash  Rail- 
road shares  fell  from  $88  in  August,  1869,  to  $1 
in  July,  1877,  and  hundreds  of  other  examples 
of  like  purport  might  be  quoted.  Even  gold 
under  the  manipulations  of  Eastern  speculators 
has  been  made  to  tumble  at  a  fearful  rate  in  the 
short  space  of  24  hours. 

But,  after  all,  we  rather  incline  to  the  opinion 
lately  expressed  by  us,  that  parties  in  the  East 
desirous  of  becoming  interested  in  our  mines 
had  better  engage  in  the  business  in  a  practical 
way,  going  in  as  we  do  here  on  the  bedrock 
principle.  Let  them  buy  or  hunt  for  mines, 
and  having  secured  them,  open,  outfit  and  work 
them,  taking  the  chances  of  their  proving  re- 
munerative or  a  failure.  The  business  is  not 
now  attended  with  much  hazard;  it  can,  in  fact, 
by  proper  care,  be  made  a  very  sure  one.  The 
field  is  large  and  open  to  all.  It  has  been  well 
explored,  our  pioneer  prospectors  having  pene- 
trated to  the  remotest  parts  of  it.  There  is 
safety  everywhere.  The  dangers  that  attended 
early  exploration  have  disappeared,  and  even 
the  difficulties  that  at  first  beset  the  business 
have  been  greatly  diminished.  The  ground  has 
been  cleared  ready  for  the  planting,  and  a  great 
harvest  awaits  those  who  shall  come  to  seed  it. 


The  stranger  should  repair  first  to  San  Fran- 
cisco, get  posted  and  then  strike  out  in  almost 
any  direction,  for  go  which  way  he  will  he  can 
hardly  go  amiss.  Our  mineral  regions  stretch 
interminably  a*way  to  the  north,  east  and  south 
of  us,  and  from  this  point  can  be  penetrated  for 
many  hundred  miles  by  rail,  which  besides  ex- 
pediting travel  and  promoting  comfort,  greatly 
lessens  the  cost  of  transportation  to  the  inte- 
rior, before  one  of  the  heaviest  burdens  of 
mining. 


Notes  on  Trinity  County. 


of 


of 


A  Prosperous  Year— A  Large  Out-put 
Bullion— New  Enterprises,  Etc. 
From  an  old  and  well-known  resident 
Trinity  county,  who  called  upon  us  the  past 
week,  we  have  been  able  to  gather  some  very 
acceptable  intelligence  touching  the  condition 
and  prospects  of  the  various  branches  of  mining 
in  that  remote  section  of  the  State,  and  from 
which  it  is  not  always  easy  to  obtain  very  full 
information  through  ordinary  channels.  This, 
in  the  opinion  of  our  informant,  is  likely  to 
prove  an  exceptionally  good  year  for  the  mining 
industries  of  Trinity,  for,  while  the  rains  were 
delayed  two  months  later  than  usual,  more  than 
the  average  amount  of  gold  dust  will  be  taken 
out  the  current  year,  as  the  weather  of  late  has 
been  extremely  favorable,  and  a  number  of  new 
hydraulic  mines  have  this  season  come  into  the 
field  as  bullion  producers.  The  annual  yield  of 
gold  in  this  county  has,  one  time  and  another, 
fluctuated  considerably.  At  first  it  amounted 
to  over  $3,000,000.  This  was  when  the  mining 
population  was  large,  and  extended  from  1850 
to  1854;  after  which  the  yearly  out-put  grad- 
ually fell  off  till  it  reached  scarcely  more  than 
$1,000,000.  Some  five  or  six  years  ago  the  bul- 
lion product  began  to  increase,  and  for  the  past 
two  or  three  years  has  averaged  very  nearly 
$1,500,000.  It  is  generally  expected  that  it  will 
this  season  exceed  that  sum,  and  that  the  in- 
crease will,  for  several  years  to  come,  he  quite 
rapid.  Next  year  they  count  on  $2,000,000  at 
least,  many  fixing  the  sum  at  $2,250,000.  The 
total  production  of  Trinity  county  to  date  ap- 
proximates $100,000,000,  ranking  it  about  the 
seventh  or  eighth  on  the  list  of  our  bullion-pro- 
ducing counties. 

The  Quartz  Mines. 
Besides  the  additional  hydraulic  claims  that 
will,  for  a  number  of  years,  continue  to  be  out- 
fitted and  set  to  work,  quartz  mining  in  this 
section  of  country  is  destined  to  grow  very  soon 
into  an  important  factor  in  bullion  production. 
It  is  only  four  or  five  years  since  any  attention 
began  to  be  paid  in  Trinity  to  this  branch  of 
mining,  and,  although  no  very  big  mines  have 
since  been  developed  nor  extensive  mills  put  up, 
the  business  is  in  an  excellent  condition,  as 
much  so,  probably,  as  in  any  other  part  of  the 
State.  This  class  of  miners  have  had  no  aid  up 
there  from  outside  capital,  nor,  for  that  matter, 
have  they  had  any  pecuniary  aid  from  home 
sources,  not  having  asked  for  nor  required  it. 
The  auriferous  lodes,  so  far  as  discovered,  do 
not  appear  to  be  very  widely  distributed,  their 
occurrence  in  large  numbers  and  marked 
strength  being  confined  to  a  few  localities;  the 
most  noted  consisting  of  the  Bullychoop,  the 
Deadwood,  and  the  Eastman  Gulch  districts. 
At  these  places  the  lodes,  without  being  very 
powerful,  are  well  formed,  and  at  a  depth  of 
200  feet  show  themselves  regular  and  persistent, 
conforming,  in  fact,  to  all  the  geological  require- 
ments of  true  veins.  The  ores  are  free  milling, 
and,  worked  in  arastras,  have  yielded  from  $30 
to  $100  per  ton;  averaging  at  least  $70  per  ton, 
Only  one  or  two  small  mills  have  yet  been  put 
up,  the  miners  preferring  to  work  their  ores  in 
arastras  till  such  time  aB  they  have  fully  tested 
their  lodes  and  determined  their  capacity  for 
ore  productit  n  By  pursuing  this  policy  they  have 
opened  their  mines  to  a  considerable  depth, 
know  just  what  they  have  got  and  what  they 
want;  have  made  some  mo'ney,  are  out  of  debt 
and  own  their  properties  wholly  themselves. 
No  parties  have  lost  any  money  in  quartz  mining 
in  Trinity.  They  have  no  deserted  tunnels, 
ruined  hoisting  works  nor  great  crushing  mills 
standing  idle  up  there.  There  is  also  an  absence 
of  incorporated  companies  with  millions  of  capi- 
tal stock,  assessing  shareholders  and  wasting 
the  money  in  a  thousand  questionable  ways. 
Many  of  the  quartz  miners  now  require  hoisting 
works  and  some  increase  of  milling  capacity, 
but  they  will  be  able  to  provide  these  them- 
selves, and  mostly  from  the  net  earnings  made 
from  their  mines. 

From  this  showing  it  would  certainly  look  as 
if  quartz  mining  in  Trinity  was  in  a  healthful 
condition.  There  might  be  some  inducements 
for  parties  with  larger  means  to  engage  in  the 
business  there;  but  they  are  not  great,  the  lodes 
and  the  ores  being  of  such  character  and  the 
natural  facilities  so  good,  that  the  locator  is 
able,  as  a  general  thing,  to  work  them  success- 
fully on  his  own  account.  In  the  future  this 
business  will  no  doubt  continue  to  advance  with 
a  slow  and  steady  pace,  reaching  ultimately 
very  respectable  dimensions.  Quartz  can  be 
mined  and  milled  in  that  county  as  cheaply  as 
anywhere  else  on  the  ooast,  the  country  be- 
ing well  watered  and  timbered,  and  the  climate 
such  that  operations  can  be  successfully  prose- 
cuted at  all  seasons  of  the  year.  . 
Hydraulic  Mining. 
The  most  of  the  plaoer  mining  in  Trinity  is 


done  by  the  hydraulic  method,  which  is  now  in 
use  throughout  a  belt  of  country  stretching 
along  the  Trinity  river  for  60  or  70  miles.  Never 
has  there  been  greater  activity  in  this  branch  of 
the  business  than  at  present.  Every  company 
has  plenty  of  water,  and  all  are  running  day 
and  night,  week  days  and  Sundays — hydraulic 
miners,  nowhere,  in  fact,  suspend  work  on  the 
seventh  day  during  the  water  season.  So 
anxious  have  the  Trinity  miners  shown  them- 
selves to  make  the  most  of  the  water  while  it 
lasts,  that  some  of  them  have  not  even  stopped 
to  clean  up,  none  having  done  so  this  spring  as 
often  as  usual.  The  result  has  been,  that  while 
more  gold  dust  is  being  taken  out,  less  has  been 
shipped  than  in  ordinary  years.  Business,  how- 
ever, is  good,  prosperity  with  the  miners  mean- 
ing there  prosperity  for  all.  At  this  time  there 
are  but  few  idle  men  to  be  seen  in  Trinity;  all 
are  busy,  either  running  their  own  claims  or 
working  for  others,  labor  being  in  active  demand 
at  fair  wages. 

Some  of  the  Live  Mines. 
Among  the  more  largely  producing  hydraulic 
companies  in  this  county  are  the  McGillivray, 
the  Weaverville  ditch,  the  Buckeye  Mountain, 
Oregon  Gulch,  Dixon's  Bar,  etc.,  each  of  which 
cleans  up  yearly  from  $20,000  to  $80, 000, (three- 
fourths  of  it  being  net  profits.  A  good  part  of 
the  Dixon's  Bar  Company  is  made  np  of  resi- 
dents of  Oakland.  They  built  a  ditch  and 
opened  and  outfitted  their  ground  last  year  at 
considerable  expense.  They  are  now  washing 
with  a  full  head  of  water,  and  cannot  fail  to 
do  well,  as  their  gravel  is  known  to  be  rich. 
The  Buckeye  company,  who  own  a  splendid 
water  right,  have  also  completed  a  large  ditch 
delivering  water  upon  their  extensive  gravel 
claims.  Some  portions  of  their  ground,  more 
especially  that  at  Boalt's  hill,  have  in  times  past 
been  distinguished  for  an  immense  production 
of  gold  dust.  But  the  great  body  of  their  rich- 
est gravel  has  not  yet  been  reached,  and  cannot 
be  until  the  tunnel  now  being  driven  is  com- 
pleted. When  this  work  is  finished  it  will 
probably  open  up  one  of  the  most  fertile  chan- 
nels ever  explored  in  Trinity  county.  Aside 
from  this  the  company  own  several  hundred 
acres  of  deep  gravel  banks  that  everywhere 
show  good  hydraulic  prospects. 

New  Enterprises. 
On  the  lower  Trinity  a  number  of  new  pro- 
jects are  about  being  carried  out,  Bome  of  which 
are  of  considerable  magnitude,  and  when  com- 
pleted will  greatly  increase  the  bullion  product 
of  the  county.  The  Slide  Creek  company  are 
building  a  ditch  and  flumes  for  taking  water 
from  the  main  river  and  conveying  it  on  Rattle- 
snake bar,  where  they  have  a  large  amount  of 
rich  gravel  through  which  an  old  buried  channel 
is  supposed  to  run.  They  have  a  sawmill  which 
cuts  all  the  lumber  required  for  their  various 
purposes.  Another  party  in  the  same  nighbor- 
hood  will  soon  begin  cutting  a  ditch  also  to  take 
water  from  the  same  stream  and  deliver  it  on  a 
bar  at  the  mouth  of  Slide  creek,  where  exten- 
sive washing  operations  will  be  carried  on.  This 
bar  contains  25  acrea  of  good  gravel  ranging 
from  30  to  60  feet  in  depth.  This  water  will 
be  taken  across  the  Trinity  in  a  flume  supported 
on  trestle  works.  Two  or  three  smaller  compa- 
nies are  in  like  manner  engaged  here  bringing 
water  upon  their  claims,  taking  the  same  from 
either  the  main  river  or  some  of  its  smaller 
branches.  The  most  important  enterprise  lately 
set  on  foot  in  this  vicinity  is,  however,  one  de- 
signed to  introduce  a  heavy  stream  of  water  on 

Taylor's  Bar, 
An  extensive  body  of  gold-bearing  gravel 
lying  on  the  east  side  of  the  lower  Trinity, 
about  36  miles  northwest  of  Weaverville.  This 
bar  has  always  been  noted  for  its  richness,  the 
gravel  yielding  a  higher  percentage  of  gold 
than  almost  any  other  along  the  river.  Being 
owned,  however,  by  one  of  the  old-time  miners 
who  lived  upon  it  with  his  family,  content  so 
long  as  he  got  enough  from  it  to  afford  him  a 
comfortable  subsistence  with  little  labor;  it  has 
remained  up  to  the  present  time  in  very  nearly 
its  original  condition,  just  enough  work  having 
been  done  to  prove  its  value  without  diminish- 
ing to  an  appreciable  extent  its  productive 
capacities.  This  bar  covers  an  area  of  some  160 
or  170  acres,  two  of  the  buried  gold-bearing 
channels  running  its  entire  length,  with  a  third 
lying  a  few  hundred  feet  further  back  and 
at  a  higher  level,  but  within  the  limits  of  the 
claim.  These  channels  have  been  opened  with 
tunnels  and  proven  to  be  of  the  most  fertile 
character,  the  dirt  taken  from  them  yielding 
from  $5  to  $10  to  the  cubic  yard.  Not  long 
since  the  former  owner  of  this  property,  E.  B. 
Barnum,  not  foreseeing  the  great  impetus  likely 
so  soon  to  be  given  to  hydraulic  operations  on 
the  lower  Trinity,  disposed  ©f  the  same  to 
Eastern  purchasers  for  $125,000,  the  principal 
buyers  being  residents  of  Indianapolis.  It  is  a 
property  that,  in  the  opinion  of  our  informant, 
never  should  have  gone  out  of  the  hands  of  Cali- 
fornians,  and  would  not,  if  they  had  been  alive 
to  their  own  interests.  It  is  the  case,  however, 
that  Californians  too  generally  want  only  mines 
suited  for  speculative  purposes,  to  which  these 
gold-giving  hydraulic  banks  are  not  weU 
adapted.  There  is  not  enough  of  the  element 
of  hazard  about  them  for  this.  It  is  not  con- 
venient to  go  long  or  short,  or  to  effect  corners 
on  the  shares  of  mines  that  yield  with  so  much 
steadiness  and  certainty.  But  it  matters  not  to 
the  Trinitarians  who  gets  possession  of  these 
lifeless  claims — animates  and  spends  money  on 
them,  and  thereby  enlivens  trade  and  invigor- 
ates business  generally;  securing  for  themselves 
in  the  end  large  and  lasting  profits.  The  gold 
is  in  these  bars  along  the  Trinity.     For  30  year* 


May  3,  1879.J 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


289 


the  old  crop  of  miners  there  have  been  well 
aware  of  this  fact,  but  they  have  not  had  the 
energy  to  open  up  theao  deposits  and  brine 
water  upon  them.  If  now  other  parties  will 
come  in  and  accomplish  this  work,  it  will  be 
for  the  good  of  all,  as  its  performance  will 
necessitate  the  expenditure  of  money,  create  an 
additional  demand  for  labor,  and  return  a 
thousand  fold  to  the  investors. 
Importance  of  Beginning'  Rlg/b.t— A  Man 
Who  Knows  Hla  Business. 

This  property  was  bought  for  these  Eastern 
partieH  by  i.  M.  Taylor,  a  well-known  raining 
expert  in  this  city.  It  is  not  from  him,  how- 
ever, that  the  bar  derives  its  name.  It  was 
called  after  an  early  pioneer  on  the  lower  Trin- 
ity, and  who  having  been  among  the  first  to 
work  on  this  bar  left  it  the  heritage  of  his 
name,  while  he,  after  having  enriched  himself 
drifting  out  the  dirt  along  its  edges,  floated 
away  into  the  forgotten  and  unknown.  Our 
San  Francisco  expert  having  been  called  upon 
to  take  a  look  at  this  ground,  went  up,  exam- 
ined it  carefully,  and  without  dickering  or  ask- 
ing questions  took  it  so  quickly  that  the  old 
man  Birnum  had  not  time  to  advance  his  price, 
as  his  neighbors  thought  he  ought  to  have 
done. 

Appurtenant  to  this  grouud  is  a  franchise  to 
the  entire  waters  of  French  creek,  a  large 
stream  heading  in  the  Salmon  mountains  and 
emptying  into  the  Trinity  a  little  above  Tay- 
lor s  bar,  an  appendage  that  alone  is  worth 
more  than  the  present  owners  gave  for  the 
whole  property.  If  Taylor's  bar,  with  this  wa- 
ter right  and  the  rich  gravel  it  commands, 
were  located  in  Nevada,  or  other  of  the  more 
central  mining  counties  of  the  State,  it  would 
be  considered  cheap  at  three  or  four  times  the 
price  given  for  it  by  these  parties.  But  it  ia 
worth  none  the  less  where  it  is,  as  results  will 
Drove  when  the  water  of  French  creek  shall 
begin  to  do  its  work  on  the  auriferous  banks 
and,  along  the  old  channels  of  this  splendid 
property.  So  much  for  sending  the  right  kind 
of  a  man  to  do  this  sort  of  work,  the  most  fatal 
mistake  made  by  mine  investors  lying  usually 
at  the  very  threshold  of  proceedings.  If  a 
mining  property  be  devoid  of  solid  merit,  or  if 
a  price  be  paid  for  it  greatly  disproportioned  to 
its  actual  value,  it  is  vain  to  hope  for  a  favor- 
able issue,  however  ably  and  economically  it 
may  afterwards  be  managed.  Hence  the  im- 
portance that  these  errors  be  at  the  Btart  duly 
guarded  against.  I.  SI.  Taylor  went  to  Trinity 
several  years  ago,  and  was  alike  fortunate  in 
pointing  out  some  of  the  best  things  there.  He 
was  the  first  man  of  advanced  ideas  to  visit  the 
Attoona  cinnabar  district  in  the  northern  part 
of  the  county,  the  subsequent  history  of  which 
has  fully  verified  what  was  said  by  him  on  a 
subject  then  so  little  understood. 

The  new  proprietors  of  Taylor's  bar  have 
already  taken  active  measures  for  equipping  the 
ground  and  bringing  water  upon  it,  and  as  they 
have  ample  means  they  design  doing  this  work 
in  a  manner  superior  to  anything  yet  seen  in 
that  part  of  the  country.  The  services  of  a  capa- 
ble and  experienced  superintendent  have  been 
secured,  the  surveys  for  the  new  ditch  are  under 
way,  and  preparations  being  made  for  the  erec- 
tion of  a  sawmill  for  cutting  the  lumber  required 
for  flumes,  sluices  and  other  purposes.  These 
works  will  be  pushed  to  completion,  including 
the  cutting  of  a  large  sized  canal,  as  rapidly  as 
possible,  and  with  a  view  to  having  the  whole 
ready  for  active  use  by  the  commencement  of 
another  water  season,  when  it  is  expected  that 
such  clean-ups  will  be  made  here  as  will  astonish 
even  "old  Trinity."  While  there  are  still  good 
openings  for  the  investment  of  money  in  gravel 
mines  up  there,  they  are  not  numerous,  the 
water  being  all  taken  up  and  minersas  a  general 
thing  holding  their  claims  at  pretty  good  prices. 

A  Mountain  Sinking. — It  is  not  uncommon 
in  the  Gulf  and  Southeastern  Atlantic  States 
for  large  bodies  of  land  to  sink  below  their 
original  levels,  but  such  phenomena  have 
generally  occurred  in  the  low  and  sandy  coun- 
tries. The  Toccoa  (Georgia)  Herald,  however, 
reports  the  subsidence  of  a  whole  mountain  in 
that  country  which  is  composed  of,  at  least,  half 
rock.  A  heavy  storm  was  felt  on  the  20th  of 
March  accompanied  by  thunder  and  lightning 
and  a  terrible  shaking  of  the  ground.  Immedi- 
ately following  this,  it  was  found  that  the 
whole  north  side  of  Chattoogo  mountain,  slop- 
ing down  at  an  angle  of  45  degrees  to  the  (  ■hat- 
toogo  river  and  1,200  feet  in  night,  was  gradu- 
ally sinking.  There  was  a  break  near  the  top, 
and  at  one  point,  over  the  top  of  a  sloping 
ridge,  a  perpendicular  rock  showed  itself,  the 
depth  of  which  was  about  16  feet  and  the 
extent  30  or  40  acres.  The  bank  was  in  the 
form  of  a  horseshoe,  the  toe  being  at  the  top  of 
the  mountain.  Trees  were  standing  with  their 
roots  up,  and  large  stones  cast  out  upon  the 
surface.  About  three  years  ago  an  earthquake 
cracked  the  mountain  at  the  point  where  the 
present  break  occurred,  but  no  notice  was  taken 
of  it  at  the  time.  Some  fear  is  manifested  by 
the  inhabitants  as  to  the  results  of  this  subsi- 
dence and  the  depth  to  which  it  may  extend. 

A  man  was  arrested  in  San  Francisco  for 
offering  to  sell  60  votes  to  be  used  as  the 
purchaser  might  desire. 

R.  D.  Hume  will  contract  to  put  3,000,000 
salmon  into  the  Columbia  annually,  for  ten 
years,  at  $5,000  per  year. 

The  total  insurance  on  the  loss  by  the  Eureka 
tire  foots  up  §136,087. 


Dow's  Improved  Steam  Pump. 

When  direct  acting  steam  pumps  (or  suoh  as 
did  not  require  an  eccentric  to  move  the  valve) 
came  into  use,  it  was  deemed  Butlieient  if  the 
piston  could  be  made  to  reciprocate  with  a  dis- 
tant approach  to  certainty  of  action,  which 
would  not  now  be  tolerated;  it  being  held  only 
requisite  that  it  would  continue  working  under 
the  constant  eye  of  an  engineer  without  much 
of  any  variation  of  duty  or  condition.  As  use 
and  experience  increased,  improvements  were 
suggested  and  made  as  new  requirements  de- 
veloped themselves,  until  we  have  now  several 
recognized  makers  of  direct  acting  steam  pumps 
which  are  generally  accepted  as   the   standard. 

In  making  these  pumps,  all  the  makers  have 


under  any  circumstances  without  tilling  im- 
mense clearance  spaces,  and  consequently  in- 
creased cost  of  fuel.  Tc  produce  the  best  re- 
sults in  pumping,  the  column  of  water  should 
start  slowly  and  the  valves  in  the  pump  be  al- 
lowed to  Beat  and  open  slowly.  This  can  only 
be  done  by  a  proper  motion  of  the  pump  piston, 
which  is  actuated  by  the  steam  piBton  through 
a  proper  distribution  of  the  steam.  This  is 
most  clearly  shown  in  the  action  of  the  steam 
pump  patented  recently  through  the  Mining 
and  Scientific  Pic  ess  Patent  Agency  by  Mr. 
George  E.  Dow,  and  manufactured  by  the 
Hope  Iron  Works  in  this  city. 

In  this  pump,  neither  the  piston  or  rod,  or 
any  tappets,  arms  or  cams,  come  in  contact 
to  operate  tho  auxiliary  or  main  valve,  and  yet 
the  action  is  positive  and  always  accommo- 
dating itself  to  the  varying  requirements  of  the 
work.     The  valve  movement   is   never  behind, 


A.BVRR-SU  PHESS 


DOW'S    IMPROVED    STEAM    PUMP. 


followed  one  direct  principle — that  of  operating 
the  main  or  auxiliary  valve  by  means  of  posi- 
tive contact  through  intermediate  mechanism  of 
reciprocating  pistons  or  connections  with  the 
main  or  auxiliary  valves.  While  thiB  has  given 
positive  movement  to  the  valves,  yet  it  has 
been  impossible  to  adjust  this  line  of  contact  to 
meet  the  requirements  which  are  Bhown  under 
variations  of  work  or  steam  pressure.  That  is, 
without  mechanical  adjustment,  the  time  of 
contact  of  operating  parts  is  (not  allowing  for 
lost  motion  by  wear  or  otherwise) '  when  the 
piston  is  at  a  fixed  distance  from  the  end  of  its 
stroke;  and  this,  although  the  pump  may  act 
comparatively  well  and  smoothly  when  being 
operated  at  fixed  speed,  any  increase   of  speed 


but  is  increased  in  velocity  and  length  of  travel 
by  increased  speed  and  work;  at  the  same  time 
the  increased  momentum  is  compensated  for  by 
the  arrangement  for  compression  and  cushion 
by  tho  exhaust  bringing  the  piston  gradually  at 
rest,  allowing  the  valves  in  the  pump  to  grad- 
ually seat  with  the  least  possible  amount  of 
slippage  and  as  gently  opening  without  percep- 
tible concussion.  A  comparison  of  the  indicator 
diagrams  taken  from  this  steam  pump — both 
steam  and  water  cylinders,  with  diagrams  from 
other  well-known  makers,  we  are  informed, 
shows  marked  superiority  in  the  action 
of  the  valve  motion.  The  clearance  is 
reduced  to  a  minimum  in  this  pump,  being  less 
than  two  per  cent.,  and  as  no  provision  has   to 


PIG.    1.    LONGITUDINAL    SECTION    OF    LINCOLN'S    IMPROVED    AXLE. 


and  work  leaves  the  distribution  of  steam  be- 
hind its  proper  time.  Thus,  in  increasing  the 
speed  of  the  pump,  there  is  an  increase  of  mo- 
mentum in  the  reciprocating  parts,  and  conse- 
quently, an  earlier  action  of  the  valves  becomes 
necessary  in  a  really  efficient  direct  acting 
steam  pump.  Thus  an  increase  of  work  and 
speed  demands  more  port  opening  for  admission 
and  exhaustion  of  steam;  bub  the  action  of 
valves  which  are  moved  by  mechanical  contact 
is  directly  the  opposite  of  this,  being  not  only 
later  in  action  but  more  limited  in  movement. 
This  naturally  results  in  two  losses:  contraction 
of  steam  opening  for  admission  of  steam  to  the 
piston,  thereby  not  obtaining  full  benefit  of 
the  boiler  pressure;  and  secondly,  by  decreasing 


be  made  for  lost  motion,   the  piston  has  the 
same  stroke  when  new  as  when  old. 

No  live  steam  is  used  for  cushioning  or  oper- 
ating the  supplementary  piston,  so  that  losses 
in  other  pumps  are  reduced  to  nothing  in  this 
pump  through  this  cause.  It  is  claimed  that 
by  the  automatic  adjustment  of  port  opening 
no  wire  drawing  on  the  steam  side  or  back  pres- 
sure on  the  exhaust  side,  exists;  consequently, 
the  steam  cylinder  in  this  pump  is  made  of  less 
area  in  proportion  to  the  area  of  the  pump  pis- 
ton than  can  be  made  by  other  builders  for  the 
same  duty.  The  pump  valves,  air  chamber, 
piston  and  channel  ways  have  received  serious 
attention,  which  indicator  diagrams  prove  are 
smooth,  noiseless  and  economical  in  action. 


PIG.    2.    VIEW    OP    AXLE    ANDJSOCKET. 


the  exhaust  opening,  creating  excessive  back 
pressure  ahead  of  the  piston,  requiring  addi- 
tional boiler  pressure  to  overcome  it.  And 
therefore,  steam  pump  manufacturers  recog- 
nizing ithis,  to  them,  insurmountable  evil,  nat- 
urally increase  the  size  of  the  steam  cylinder 
above  what  is  really  necessary  to  do  the  woi  k, 
providing  the  distribution  of  steam  could  be 
positively  controlled. 

Indicator  cards  from  steam  pumps  by  several 
of  the  leading  manufacturers  shows  this  to  a 
very  marked  degree.  Another  source  of  loss  is 
the  large  amount  of  clearance  space  which  has 
to  be  given  to  steam  pumps  of  this  kind  by  the 
necessity  of  making  provision  for  lost  motion; 
the  actual  stroke  of  the  pump  when  new  being 
much  less  in  some  cases  than  that  called  for  by 
catalogue,  and  there  is  consequently  an  exces- 
sive expenditure  or  waste  at  each  change  of 
motion.  This  prevents  any  cushioning  by  ex- 
haust steam  and  also  by  live  steam  successfully 


These  pumps  are  manufactured  of  ordinary 
sizes  for  general  boiler  feeding  and  of  any 
special  sizes  for  particular  work.  In  present- 
ing these  pumps  to  the  public,  Mr.  W.  W. 
Hanscom,  the  manufacturer,  does  not  assume 
or  pretend  that  one  kind  of  pump  will  perform 
every  kind  of  work  with  the  best  economy,  but 
prefers  to  construct  the  pumps  for  particular 
service  after  knowing  the  duty  required  and 
conditions  under  which  it  is  to  operate.  In 
such  cases  he  guarantees  good  satisfaction. 

The  Sutro  Tunnel  sub-drain  will  contain 
two  separate  compartments  each  '18  by  24 
inches  in  the  clear.  It  will  be  about  four  miles 
in  length,  and  will  require  an  immense  quentity 
of  lumber,  the  material  used  being  three-inch 
plank. 

Grizzly  bears  are  making  things  lively  for 
cattle  on  the  Liebre  rancho,  Los  Angeles  county. 


Lincoln's  Patent  Axle. 

W  e  present  herewith  engravings  which  repre- 
sent an  improved  axle  recently  patented, 
through  the  Mining  and  Scientific  Press 
Patent  Agency,  by  Edgar  E.  Lincoln,  of  San 
Jose,  Santa  Clara  county.  By  the  construction 
shown,  the  axles  and  axle  boxes  may  bo  united 
and  the  size  of  the  journals  be  reduced  to  very 
small  proportions.  It  is  rendered  perfectly 
dustproof  and  easy  to  lubricate,  and  the  space 
which  the  box  occupies  within  the  bub  iB  re- 
duced so  that  the  mortises  for  the  Bpoke  tenons 
may  be  extended  near  the  center,  thereby 
greatly  strengthening  the  important  points, 
while  any  oil  or  lubricant  is  prevented  from 
finding  its  way  from  the  journal  to  the  interior 
of  the  hub  to  loosen  tho  spokes. 

Fig.  1  is  a  longitudinal  section  of  the  box, 
showing  the  manner  in  which  it  is  fitted  into  a 
hub,  and  also  the  journal.  Fig.  2  is  a  view  [of 
the  axle  and  socket. 

A  is  the  axle,  which  may  be  made  in  any  of 
the  desired  forms.  It  is  here  shown  as  square, 
with  au  enlarged  head,  B,  upon  it  A  holo,  C, 
is  bored  centrally  into  the  end  of  the  axle,  and 
the  spindle  or  journal,  D,  is  fitted  to  turn 
within  this  hole  or  box,  which  is  formed  on  the 
axle.  In  order  to  retain  it  in  place,  a  groove, 
E,  is  turned  around  the  axle,  and  the  point  of  a 
screw  or  pin,  F,  enters  the  groove,  or  in  some 
similar  manner  prevents  the  spindle  from  being 
drawn. 

A  cylindrical  box,  O,  formed  upon  the  spin- 
dle, is  exactly  fitted  to  the  enlargement,  B, 
which  it  encloses,  when  the  spindle  is  in  place 
within  the  axle,  and  it  will  be  seen  that  the 
principal  portion  of  the  strain,  caused  by  the 
side  motion  of  the  wheel,  will  be  transferred  di- 
rectly from  the  box  to  the  axle  through  the  en- 
larged head,  B,  and  will  prevent  breakages  at 
that  point  where  axles  usually  give  out. 

The  spindle,  D,  may  be  made  very  small, 
serving,  as  it  does,  only  as  a  guide  and  to  hold 
the  box  to  its  place  upon  the  part  B.  The  box, 
G,  enters  the  hub  but  a  short  distance,  having 
a  sufficient  space  between  it  and  the  outer  end 
of  the  hub  to  allow  the  mortises  for  the  spokes 
to  extend  towards  the  center  much  further  than 
when  the  usual  axle  box  is  employed,  extend- 
ing entirely  through  the  hub,  and  this  ma- 
terially strengthens  the  spoke  tenons. 

A  slender  extension,  H,  from  the  end  of  the 
box  may  pass  to  the  outer  end  of  the  hub,  and 
a  nut  upon  its  outer  end  holds  the  box  in  place 
and  prevents  its  coming  out. 

By  this  construction,  the  inventor  is  enabled 
to  make  a  strong,  solid  connection  between  the 
wheel  and  axle.  The  point  at  which  the  strain 
comes  most  heavily  is  enlarged,  and  there  is 
less  liability  to  breakage,  while  the  spindle 
itself  is  very  slender,  and  will  consequently  run 
with  less  friction.  As  the  box  enters  the  hub 
but  a  short  distance,  it  does  not  occupy  the 
space  needed  for  the  spokes,  and  at  the  same 
time  the  wheel  will  be  yery  steady  in  its  move- 
ments. 

Quartz  Mining  near  Home. 

While  this  branch  of  business  is  making 
satisfactory  headway  throughout  all  parts  of 
our  mining  domain,  it  appears  to  be  advancing 
in  certain  localities  with  especial  rapidity.  Pore- 
most  among  these  stands  the  Bodie  district, 
where  extreme  activity  seems  combined  with  a 
look  of  permanence  not  often  seen  in  even  the 
most  brisk  and  long-lived  camps.  Bodie  stands 
no  longer  in  the  category  of  experiments.  Its 
success  is  pretty  well  assured.  Through  this 
district  strikes  a  tier  of  gold-bearing  lodes,  some 
of  which  have  now  been  extensively  worked  for 
over  two  years,  and  yielded  at  a  satisfactory 
rate.  OtherB  are  in  course  of  development, 
some  having  been  advanced  very  nearly  to  a 
productive  Btate.  In  the  course  of  a  few 
months  there  will  probably  be  twice  as  many 
mines  turning  out  bullion  as  there  are  at  present; 
and  as  the  principal  ore  bodies  appear  to  hold 
their  proportions  well  in  depth,  and  more  mills 
are  in  course  of  erection,  the  shipments  of  gold 
from  this  district  ought  to  aggregate  two  millions 
within  another  year. 

And  the  important  mineral  discoveries  of 
Mono  county  are  not  being  confined  to  Bodie. 
In  the  Snake  and  Indian  districts,  further  south, 
a  great  number  of  valuable  ore  deposits  have 
lately  been  found.  Some  of  those  in  Snake, 
belonging  to  the  Mammoth  company,  are  of  ex- 
traordinary dimensions,  and  carrying  a  great 
quantity  of  ore  of  high  grade,  for  the  reduction 
of  which  this  company  have  put  up  a  mill  of 
large  capacity.  In  the  Esmeralda  district  such 
encouraging  prospects  are  being  met  with  as 
promise  to  restore  life  to  that  abandoned  locality, 
and  bring  to  it,  if  not  such  a  rush  of  population, 
a  more  permanent  prosperity  than  it  has  ever 
yet  enjoyed.  Over  at  the  Dunderberg  mine, 
northwest  of  Bodie,  another  old  camp  is  likely 
to  be  resuscitated,  this  being  unquestionably  a 
property  of  great  magnitude  and  merit,  only 
requiring  a  trifling  expenditure  to  start  it  off  on 
a  long  and  prosperous  career. 

In  the  counties  along  the  main  gold  belt  west 
of  the  Sierra,  quartz  mining  is  also  looking  up, 
engaging  more  attention  and  making  better  re- 
turns than  ever  before.  In  Tuolumne  and  Ama- 
dor a  very  noticeable  onward  movement  has 
lately  taken  place  in  this  industry,  and  even  in  r 
the  extreme  northern  part  of  the  State  it  is  get-  ' 
ting  a  foothold  from  which  it  will  not  be  likely 
to  slip  in  the  future. 


290 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[May  3,  1879. 


TJSTTIR/'S'1! ! ! 

IT    PAYS 

Three  to  Four  Per  Cent,  per  day 

—  TO  — 

Cover  Boilers,  Pipes  and  Drums  with 


USE 


Lira*  v  until' 


LiqUIS  PAINTS,  R00FIHE,  BOILER  C0VERIH6S, 

Steam  Packing,  Sheathings,  Fire  Proof  Coatings,  Cements, 

GLND  FOR  SAMPLES,  ILLUSTRATED  PAMPHLET  AND  PRICE  LIST. 

H.W.JOHNS  M'F'G  Co.,  87MAIDEN  LANE,  N.Y, 

PACIFIC  COAST  BRANCH, 

FEED  31.  PATRICK,  Manager, 

5  First  Street,  San  Francisco. 


WASHING!  WASHING! 


Prices  Reduced!  Prices  Reduced! 


La  Grande  Laundry, 

13th  Street,  Between  Folsorn  and  Howard. 
PRINCIPAL  OFFICE, 

648  Market  Street,   S.  F. 

Office  open  from  7  a.  m.  to  9  p.  M.    Saturdays  to  11  p.  M. 
Washing  called  for  and  delivered  to  any  part  of  the  city 
free  of  charge. 
All  orders  receive  prompt  attention.    For  circular  and 
rice  List  apply  at  the  Office, 

648  Market  St.,  San  Francisco. 


CAUTION 

To  Hydraulic  Miners. 

The  public  generally  and  Hydraulic  Miners  especially 
are  hereby  notified  that  any  parties  making  or  using  the 
contrivance  known  as  the  HOSKIN  DEFLECTOR  will  be 
prosecuted  to  the  full  extent  of  the  law,  said  machine 
having  heen  declared  by  the  U.  S.  Circuit  Court  an  in- 
fringement upon  my  patent,  the 

Bloomfield  Deflecting  Nozzle. 

The  public  arc  also  cautioned  againBt  using  the  Hoskin 
Deflector  because  of  its  danger  to  life  and  limb,  this  de 
vice  having  already  occasioned  several  deaths  and  other 
erious  accidents.  The  BLOOMFIELD  DEFLECTOR  is 
entirely  safe,  its  two  and  a  half  years  use  without  acci- 
dent, as  well  as  its  construction,  proves  it  to  he  a  reliable 
contrivance. 

Any  parties  wishing  to  purchase  the  right  to  use  these 
Deflectors  can  do  so  by  applying  to  the  undersigned, 

HENRY  C.  PERKINS, 
North  Bloomfield,  Nevada  Co.,  Cil.,  Octo- 
ber 1st,  1878. 


ARTESIAN 

AND 

SURFACE 

Weil-Boring 

TOOLS. 

Manufactured  by  the 

Rust  Well  Auger 

COMPANY, 
OF    HACOX,    .1IO. 

auuERS  and  liRILLS  from  best  wrought 

■on  and  steei.    Shafting  is  2-inch  gas  pipe. 

iiliSyilllP  Couplings  are  round  plugs  fitted  inside  the 

lip  pipe.     Drills  fitted   for  rope  or  pole.     All 

-^3pjP"^  tools  warranted,  and   sold  for  less  money 

than  can  begot  elsewhere. 
Send  for  Circular.  O.    RUST,  Macon,  Mo. 


IESTAURAN 


218  Sansome  St. 


T 


This  elegant  and  spa 
cious  fit.  F.  Restaurant 
bus  boon  re-opened  with 
superior  bill  of  far.-  dai- 

Good  Living  at 
Reduced  Prices 

ly,  and  is  now  the  best 
andmost  popular  dining 
saloon  on    this  Coast. 
[Lunch  ready  at  10  a,  m.]    Resident  business  men  apd  visi- 
tors from  abroad  wi)  Il*o  wise  in  giving  thiB  place  an  early 
call.    Examine  bill  of  fare  and  prices. 

HERMAN  H.  HORST,  Prop'r, 


SAVE   YOUR   GOLD! 


Highly  Important  to  Miners  and  Quartz  Mill  Men! 

SILVER    PLATED    AMALGAMATING    PLATES. 

The  best  process  yet  discovered  for  saving  fine  or  float  gold.  Extensively  used  -with,  great 
success  in  gravel  and  placer  mining  in  various  parts  of  the  Pacific  Coast.  Over  five  hundred 
orders  have  been  filled,  and  the  demand  is  constantly  increasing.  A  large  number  of  these  Plates 
were  sent  to  Snake  River  mines,  Idaho,  last  year,  and  a  great  many  orders  are  being  filled  for 
them  this  season.  Circulars  containing  full  instructions  for  working  these  Plates  sent  with  each 
order.  Old  Mining  Plates  bought  or  taken  in  exchange  for  new  Silver  Plated  Plate?,  and  full 
value  allowed.  Gold  extracted  from  old  Plates  at  a  moderate  cost  by  a  new  and  economical  pro- 
cess.    Old  Plates  (which  often  contain  a  surplus  of  gold  above  the  cost  of  plating)  can  be  re-plated. 

With  the  most  extensive  facilities  on  the  Pacific  Coast,  orders  can  be  filled  very  promptly 
and  satisfaction  guaranteed. 

Mining1  Men  and  the  public  generally  are  cautioned  against  unprincipled  and  irre- 
sponsible parties  traveling-  through  the  country,  endeavoring  to  secure  orders  for  very 
inferior  qualities  of  Silver  Plated  Mining  Plates. 

SAN  FRANCISCO  GOLD,  SILVER,  NICKEL  AND  COPPER  PLATING  WORKS, 

Nos.   653  and  655  Mission  Street,   San  Francisco,   Cal. 
EDWARD    G.    DENNISTON, PROPRIETOR. 


Knight's  ^Wa,ter    ^Wheel, 


Patented    January    12th,    1875. 


§&8«s 

.S  f  a3  o  I III 

o  Og  to  a>     ^nBJffl 


►3 
ETco 


Bo  — 


3?B|i 

p.  g.B»  8 
„.2.ffS5 

3t?B£t» 


The  KNIGHT  WHEEL  is  used  in  the  following  named  Mills  and  Hoist- 
ing" Works,  to  which  the  Public  are  referred: 


l-Eight-foot  wheel,  running  Oneida  Co.'e  Mill,   Amador 

county,  Cal. ;  tJO  stamps.     Rob't  Robinson,  Supt. 
l-Eitjht-foot  wheel,  running  Con.   Amador  Mining  Co.'s 

Mill,  Amador  county,  Cal. ;  '40  stamps  and  two  Hepburn 

pans.    David  Davis," Supt. 
1-Eight-foot  wheel,  running  Lincoln   Gold  Mining  Co.'s 

Mill,  Amador  County,  Cal.;  40  stamps. 
1-Eight-foot  wheel   running  pump  at  same    company's 

mine.     S.  D.  R.  Stewart,  Supt. 
1-Eight-foot  wheel,  running  Keystone  Con.    Mining  Co.'s 

Mill,  Amador  county,  Cal.;  40  stamps. 
2-Four  and  one-half  foot  wheels,  used  in  hoiBting  by  re- 
versible water  power  at  same  company's  mine.    O.  C. 

Hewitt,  Supt. 
1-Four  ana  one-half  foot  wheel,  running  Original  Co.'s 

Mill,  Amador  County,  Cal.;  40  stamps,   one  pan,  one 

rock-breaker.     J.  R.  Johns,  Supt. 
1-Four-foot  wheel,  running  Gover  Mining  Co.'s  new  mill, 

Amador  county,  Cal.;  20 stamps. 
1-Eight-foot  wheel,  running  Bame  company's  old  mill;  10 

stamps.     John  Palmer,  Supt. 
1-Six-foot  wheel,  running  Talisman  Mining  Co.'s  Mill, 

Amador  county,  Cal. ;  10  stamps. 
1-Eight-foot  wheel,  hoisting  and  driving  pump  at  same 

company's  mine.    John  Tregloan,  Supt. 
1-Four  and  one-half  foot  wheel,  running  Bunker  Hill  Min- 
ing Co.'s  Mill,  Amador  county,  Cal.;  10  stamps.     John 

Palmer,  Supt. 


1-Six-foot  wheel,  running  St.  Patrick's  Mill,  Newcastle, 
Placer  county,  Cal.;  15  stamps.     Jno.  Townseud,  Supt, 

1-Eight  foot  wheel,  hoisting  and  runnin«  pump,  compres- 
sor and  hoisting  at  Sheba  Silver  Mining  Co.'s  mine, 
State  of  Nevada. 

1-Four  and  one-half  foot  wheel,  running  Luck  Q.  M.  Co.'s 
Mill;  10  stamps;  Oregon. 

1-Four  and  one-half  foot  wheel,  running  Republic  Mill, 
Nevada  county,  Cal.;  20  stamps.     E.  H.  Dyer,  Supt. 

1-Six-foot  water  wheel  running  at  the  Plumas  Eureka 
Mill,  Cal.,  48  stamps,  2  pans,  ?  ore-breakers  and  22  con- 
centrators. 

1-Eight-foot  water  wheel  running  40  stamps  for  the  same 
Company.     Wm.  Johns,  Sup't. 

4-Six-foot  water  wheels  running  the  Sierra  Euttes  Mills, 
Sierra  Co.,  Cal.     Wm.  Johns,  Sup't. 

2-Six-foot  and  2  four  and  one-half-foot  wheels  running 
Soulsby  G.  M.  Co.'s  Mills,  hoisting^and  pumping  works, 
Sonora,  Tuolumne  County,  Cal.     J.  Leechman,  Sup't. 

1-Six-foot  water  wheel  running  Providence  20-stamp  mill, 
Nevada  C'ty,  Cal. 

1-Four  and  one-balf-foot  wheel  running  DeFrees  Mill, 
Tuscarora  District,  Nevada, 

1-Six-foot  water  wheel  running  20  stamps  at  Julian  mine, 
Newcastle,  Placer  Co.,  Cal.     A.  H.  Sehnabel,  Prop'r. 

1-Six-foot  water  wheel  running  Mammoth  Mill,  30  stamps 
and  14  pans  and  ore-breakers.  Mammoth  Lake  District, 
Mono  Co.,  Cal.     Clark,  Sup't. 


ilSTOrders  can  be  filled  at  short  notice,  or  further  information  given,  by  addressing  the  undersigned. TSi 

Almarin  B.  Paul,  Agt.,  KNIGHT  &  CO., 

Room  20.  Safe  Deposit  Building,  San  Francisco.  Sutter  Creek,  Amador  County,  Cal. 

W.  H.  H.  BOWERS  &  CO.,  Agents,  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah. 


FRANCIS  SMITH  &  CO., 


GO 


Manufacturers  of 


CO 


THE    PATENT    CHANNEL   IRON    WHEELBARROWS.  m 

THE  STRONGEST  BARROW  MADE.    These  Barrows  are  made  by  Superior  Workmen,  and  ~ ^ 

of  the  best  material.    All  sizes  kept  constantly  on  hand.  __ 

SHEET   IRON    PIPE.  g 

Lap-Welded  Pine,  all  Sizes,  from  Three  to  Six  Inches.    Artesian  Well  Pipe.  IZ 

Also,  Galvanized  Iron  Boilers,  from  25  to  100  Gallons. 

Iron  Cut,  Punched,  and  Formed  for  making  Pipe  on  ground,  where  required.   All  kinds  of  Tools  ^O 

supplied  for  making-  Pipes.    Estimates  given  when  required.    Are  prepared  for  coating  all  size  of  ^^™ 

Pipes  with  a  composition  of  Coal  Tar  and  Asphaltum.  =^0 

Office  and  Manufactory,  130  Beale  Street,  San  Francisco.  J"*1 


MANHATTAN  FiRE  BRICK   AND   CLAY   RETORT  WORKS, 

ADAM    WEBBER,    PROPRIETOR. 
Office— No.    633    East   15th   Street,   New    Tork 

CLAY  GAS  RETORTS,  (Glazed  and  Unglazed,)  GAS  HOUSE  TILES,  FIRE  BRICK 
BLOCKS,  ETC.,  FIRE  CLAY  AND  SAND  ALWAYS    ON  HAND. 

ASSAY  MUFFLES  AND  FUKNACES. 

CUPOLA  BRICKS  FOR    McKENZIE  AND  OTHER  CUPOLAS. 
(Refer  to  the  San  Francisco  Gas  Light  Company  and  to  the  Pacific  RollingMills.) 


ulisipe^  l)irectory. 


WM.    BARTL1NG.  HENRY   KIMBALL 

.BARTLING    &    KIMBALL, 
BOOKBINDERS, 

Paper  Rulers  &  Blank  Book  Manufacturers, 
505  Clay  Street,(southwest  corner  Sansome), 

SAN   FRANCISCO. 


San  Francisco  Cordage  Company. 

Established    1856. 

We  have  just  added  a  large  amount  of  new  machinery  of 
the  latest  and  most  improved  kind,  and  are  again  prepared  1 
to  fill  orders  for  Rope  of  any  special  lengths  and  sizes.    Con- 
stantly on  hand  a  large  stock  of  Manila  Rope,  all  sizes; 
Tarred  Manila  Rope;  Hay  Rope;  Whale  Line,  etc  ,  etc, 
TTJBBS    &    CO., 
611  and  613  Front  Street,  San  Francisco 


JOHN    A.    CHURCH, 
MINING    ENGINEER, 


COLUMBUS,  OHIO. 


C.    L.   GILLER, 
SEAL    ENGRAVER    AND    DIE    SINKER, 

No.  430  MONTGOMERY  STREET,  S.  F. 

The  best  Work  done  on  the  most  reasonable  terms  on 
the  Coast. 


Boswell  Fruit  Drier. 

Operated  byJDeflected  Heat. 

STANDARD    SIZE, 

Capacity,  500  lbs. 
PRICE,  $75. 

A  Cheap  and  handy  Drying  ' 
Machine,  within  the  reach  of 
every  farmer  and  fruit-raiser, 
with  which  they  can  dry  their 
own  fruits  at  home,  without  < 
extra  help  and  at  very  small 
expense     Fruit  can  be  taken 
dead  ripe  and  successfully  • 
dried  in  the  Boswell,   because 
the  atmosphere  in  which  it  is 
dried  is  heated  by  DEFLECTED 

HEAT  AND  RETAINS  ALL  THE  OXYOEN  IN  ITS  PURE  STATE, 

which  is  as  essential  for  preserving  the  fruit  as  for  its  growth 
and  maturity  on  the  tree;  besides,  the  entire  nutriment  and 
flavor  ore  retained.   Fruit  dried  in  the  Boswell  will  gain  from 

20    TO    40    PER.    CENT.    IN    1VEK1HT    and   30    PER    CENT.  IN 

quality  over  any  other  method.        Also, 

COMMERCIAL    DRIERS, 

With  capacity  for  drying  from  1,000  to  4,000  pounds,  at 
special  rates.        Also 

Boswell's  Heater,  Cooker  and  Drier 

Combined  for  family  use.    And 

Boswell's  Pure  Air  Heater, 

In  cabinet,  Iron  or  marble  case,  any  size,  for  heating  public 
Buildings,  Hotels,  Halls,  School  Houses,  Churches,  Hospi- 
tals, Railroad  Cars,  Stores,  Unices,  Private  Residences,  etc. 
Will  heat  evenly  the  entire  building  with  PURE  AIR,  and 
withONE-TiiniD  the  quantity  of  fuel  required  in  any  other 
Heater.        Send  for  price  list  and  circulars  to  the 

BOSWELL  PURE  AIR  HEATER  CO., 

No.  606  Montgomery  Street,  San  Francisco. 


BOESCH'S    PATENT 

Hydraulic,   Mining   and   Locomotive   Head 
Lights.    The  Best  and  Cheapest. 

Pacific    Lamp    and    Reflector    Factory, 

569  MISSION  ST.,  SAN  FRANCISCO. 


ST.    DAVID'S. 

A     FIRST-CLASS     LODGING      HOUSE. 

CONTAINS  113  ROOMS. 

715  Howard  St,  near  Third,  San  Francisco. 

This  House  Is  especially  designed  as  a  comfortable  home  for 
gentlemen  and  ladies  visiting  the  city  from  the  interior,  No 
darkrooms.  Gas  and  running  water  in  each  room.  The  floors 
are  covered  with  body  Brussels  carpet,  and  all  of  the  furniture 
is  made  of  solid  black  walnut.  Each  bed  has  a  spring  mat- 
tress, with  an  additional  hair  top  mattress,  making  them  the 
most  luxurious  and  healthy  beds  in  the  world.  Ladies  wish- 
ing to  cook  for  themselves  or  families,  are  allowed  the  free 
use  of  a  large  public  kitchen  and  dining  room,  with  dishes. 
Servants  wash  the  dishes  and  keep  up  a  constant  fire  from  6 
A.  si.  to  7  p.  M.  Hot  and  cold  baths,  a  large  parlor  and  read- 
ing room,  containing  a  Grand  Piano— all  free  to  guestB.  Price 
single  rooms  per  night,  50  cts,;  per  Week,  from  32.50  upwards 
R.  HUG-HES,  Proprietor. 

At  Market  Street  Ferry,  take  Omnibus  line  of  street  car* 
to  corner  Third  and  Howard. 


Engraving  done  at  this  office, 


May  3,  1879.J 


MINING    AND 


SCIENTIFIC 


PRESS. 


(letalllifgy  apd  Ores, 

Nevada    Metallurgical    Works, 

Ne.  23   STEVENSON  STREET. 
Near  First  and  Market  Street*. 

Ores  worked  by  any  process. 

Ores  sampled. 

Assaying  in  all  its  branches. 

Analysis  of  Ores,  Minerals,  Waters,  etc 

W'uKKISC  TBCTS  M.YUK. 

Plans  furnished  for  the  most  suitable  process 
lur  working  Ores. 

Special  attention  paid  to  Examinations  of 
Mines;  plans  and  reports  furnished. 

B.  HUHN, 

C.  A.  LUCKHARDT, 
Mining  Engineers  and  Metallurgists 

JOHN  TAYLOR  &  CO., 

Importers  of  and  Dealers  In 

ASSAYERS'   MATERIALS, 

CHEMICAL  APPARATUS  AND  CHEMICALS,  DRUG- 
GISTS' GLASSWARE  AND  SUNDRIES,  Etc. 

512  &  518  Washington  St.,  San  Francisco 

Wo  would  call  the  special  attention  of  Assayera,  Chcm- 
lils,  Mining  Oompftnles,  Milling  Companies,  Prospectors, 
etc,  to  our  stock  of  Clay  Crucibles,  Muffles,  Dry  Cups, 
etc,  manufactured  by  the  Patent  Plumbago  Cruci- 
ble Co..  of  London,  England,  for  which  wo  have 
boon  Hindu  Sole  Agents  for  tM  Pacific  Coast.  Circulars 
with  prices  will  be  sent  upon  application. 

Also,  to  our  large  and  well  adapted  stock  of 

Assayers'  Materials  &  Chemical  Apparatus, 

Having  been  engaged   in   furnishing  these  supplies  since 
tho  first  discovery  of  mines  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 

•TsTOur  (jold  and  Silver  Tables,  showing  the  value  per 
ounce  Troy  at  different  degrees  of  fineness,  and  valuable 
tables  for  computation  of  assays  in  grains  and  grammes, 
will  be  sent  free  upon  application. 

JOHN    TAYLOR    &    CO. 


LEOPOLD   KUH, 

(Formerly  of  the  U.  S.  Branch  Mint,  3.  F.) 

Assayer    and    Metallurgical    Chemist, 

No.  611  COMMERCIAL  STREET,     " 
(Between  Montgomery  and  Kearny,) 

San  Francisco,  Cai*. 

OTTOKAR  HOFMANN, 
METALLURGIST  and  MINING  ENGINEER, 

415  Mission  St.,  bet.  First  and  Fremont  Streets, 
SAN    FRANCISCO. 
.tSTErection  of   Leaching    Works   a  Specialty. 
Jt3TLcachin[r  Tests  made. 

The    Miners'    Assay    Office, 

N.    E.   Corner  of  the   Plaza, 
PRESCOTT.       -      -      -       -       ARIZONA. 

Assays  of  Silver,  Sl.fiO.    Gold  and  Silver,    S2.    Other  Ores 
at  corresponding  rates.     All  assays  guaranteed. 
Gold  aud  Silvur  melted  into  liars.     Working  Tests  mode, 
JEsTMinea  examined,  sales  negotiated,  etc. 

W.  H.   WILLISCRAFT, 
P.  0.  Box  153.  Prescott,  Arizona. 

TKOS.  PRICE'S 

Assay    Office    and    Chemical 
Laboratory, 

524  Sacramento  St..  S.  F. 


<3.  F.  Deetken.  Wm.  E.  Smith. 

PIONEER  REDUCTION  WORKS, 

Channel  Street,  off  foot  of  Fourth,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Highest  price  paid  for  Sulphurets.  Arseniureta,  Telluridcs 
and  Gold  Ores  generally. 

Careful  attention  paid  to  practical  working  testa  on  a 
large  scale  of  Gold-bearing  Quartz  and  ores  of  a  refractory 
and  sulphureted  nature. 

Will  examine,  report  on,  and  survey  mining  properties. 


METALLURGICAL   WORKS, 

STRONG    &    CO.,   10  Stevenson   Street, 

ORES  SAMPLED,  TESTED,  ASSAYED. 


G  U  I  DO     KUSTEL, 

MINING  ENGINEER  and  METALLURGIST. 

P.    O     Address:    ALAMEDA,     CAL. 


PACIFIC    POWER    CO. 

Koom  with  steam  power  to  let  in  the 
Pacific  Power  Co. 'a  new  brick  building, 
Stevenson  street,  near  Market.  Eleva- 
tor in  building.  Apply  at  the  Com- 
pany's office,  202  Sansome  St.,  room  7. 


RARE    CHANCE. 

For  sale  or  to  lease,  a  two-thirds  Interest  in  a  good  pay 
Ing  country  newspaper,    Address  "Liberal,"  this  office 


291 


ELECTRIC   LIGHT. 

BRUSH     PATENT. 
The  Best,  Cheapest,  Cleanest,  and  Most  Powerful  Light  in  the  World. 

In  daily  use'at  the  Palace  Hotel  and  the  Union  Iron  Works,  S.  F. 


Parties  desiring  Electric  Light  for  Halls,  Shops,  Docks,  Mills, 
Streets  and  Mines,  are  invited  to  send  ns  full  particulars  regarding 
the  buildings,  rooms  or  places  to  be  lighted,  including  dimensions, 
character  of  walls  and  ceilings,  amount  of  available  power  and  its 
location,  amount  of  light  now  used,  character  of  work  being  done, 
length  of  time  light  will  be  needed  continuously,  etc. 

With  these  items  before  us.  we  will  make  a  proposition  to  furnish 
a  COMPLETE  OUTFIT  OF  ELECTRIC  LIGHT,  put  it  in  perfect 
working  order  and  guarantee  its  success  and  permanence.     Address  all  communications, 

S.  F.  TELEGRAPH  SUPPLY  CO., 

WM.    KERR,    President, 

San   Francisco,   Cal. 


Ingersoll  Rock  Drills. 


In  use  in   the    largest   and  best 
Mines  of  the  Coast. 

HAS    AUTOMATIC  FEED. 

Has  less  Repairs. 

Is  Lighter  and  more  Easily  Ad- 
justed than  any  other  Drill. 
Our  DRY  AIR  COMPRESSORS  are  the  most  Economical  Compressors  in  the  Market. 

MINERS'  HORSE-POWER. 


This  Power  is  especially  adapted  to  working  mines,   hoist 
ing  coal  or  building  maturial,  etc.    It  will  do  the  work  of  a 
Steam  Engine  with  one-tenth  the  expense.    One  Horse  ca 
easily  hoist  over  1,000  pounds  at  a  depth  of  500  feet. 

The  Power  is  mainly  built  of  wrought  iron,  and  cannot  be 
affect-id  by  exposure.  The  hoistlng-drura  is  thrown  out  of 
gear  by  the  lever,  while  the  load  f  s  held  in  place  with  a  brake 
by  the  man  tending  bucket.  The  frame  of  the  Power  is 
bolted  to  bed-timbers,  thus  avoiding  all  frame  work.  When 
required  these  Powers  are  made  in  suctions  for  packing. 


REYNOLDS,   RIX   &   CO.,  18  &  20   Fremont  St.,  San  Francisco. 


Address,  FBA8JEK,  CH-AJLtMEKS  «fc  CO..  Clilctmo.  111 


D.  F.  HUTCH1NGS. 


D.  M.  DUNNE. 


J.  SANDERSON 


raCEIsTIX:    OIL    "WOIE^IECS, 

HUTCHINGS    &    CO., 

OIL    and    COMMISSION    MERCHANTS, 

Manufacturers  and  Dealers  in  Sperm,  Whale,  Lard,  Machinery  and  Illuminating  OilB. 
517    FRONT    STREET     SAN    FRANCISCO. 


(tochiiiery. 


THOMSON   &   EVANS, 

(SuoMBon  to  Thomson  k  Parker.); 

Engineers  and  Machinists. 


Steam  Pumps,  Steam  Engines,  Hoisting, 

Pumping,  Quartz  Mill,  Mining,  Saw 

Mill   Machinery,   Specialties. 

Plana  and  Specifications  Tor  Machinery  furnished.    Re- 
pairing promptly  attended  to. 

110  &  112  Beale  St.,  San  Francisco. 


-fr*  ,r STEAM  ENCINES,   ""J- 
BERRY  &  PLACE, 

-  SAN  FRANCISCO.CAL.- 

:iRCULARS  SCNT  FREE  TO  ALI . 


THE  IMPROVED  O'HARRA 

CHLORIDIZINGr  FUENAOE. 

Patented  Sept.  10th,  1878. 

Now  in  Operation  at  the  Extra  Mining  Co.'e 
Works,  Copper  City,  Shasta  Co.,  C&L 

Two  men  and  two  cords  of  wood  roast 

Forty  Tons  of  Ore  in  Twenty-four  Hours, 

Giving-  a  full  chlorination  (100:. )  at  a  cost  of  30  cents  per 
on.    Address, 

O'HARRA    &    FERGUSON, 
Fumaceville,  Shasta  Co.,  Cal 
Or  OHAS-  W.  CRANE,  Agent, 

Room  10,  Safe  Deposit  Building,  San  Francisco. 


Mining     Books. 

Orders  for  agricultural  and  scientific  books  in  general 
will  be  supplied  through  this  office  at  published  rateB, 


igg|       DR.    LIBBEY, 

^"iflS?  DENTIST, 

N.   W.   Corner  Kearny  and  Geary  Streets, 
Entrance  on  Geary  Stroeot,         SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL 


J.  S.  PHILLIPS,  m.  e., 

Consulting  Engineer  §  Metallurgist, 
Examiner  of  Mines  and  Assayer, 

702    CALIFORNIA    STREET, 
Author  of—  -■»  m  «-  San  Francisco. 

The  Explorors',  Miners'  and  Metallurgists'  Companion, 

672  pages,  83  Illustrations,  (2d  Edition.)    Price $  10  50 

Tho  prospector's  "  Wee  Pet "  Assayer,  (Patented) 100  00 

The  Testing  Machine  for  Gold,  Silver,  Lead,  etc 40  00 

The  "Little  Wonder"  Self-calculating  Sample  and 

Button  Weigher,  (Patented) 25  00 

Blow-pipists'  Pocket  Laboratory  of  Tools,  FluieB,  etc.    50  00 

Vest  Pocket  Blowpipe 3  00 

CHARGES.— Assaying,  §3;  Testing,  S2permetaL 

Assaying  and  Testing  Taught. 


PRINTER'S   PROOF  PRESS, 

COMPLETE    AND    IN    GOOD    WORKING    ORDER, 

For  Sale  at  this  office, 
AT   THE    LOW    PRICE    OF    $37.60. 

£3TCall  and  see  it.T£l 


FOR    SALE. 

E.©du.ction     Works, 

—  AT  — 

Melrose  Station,  Alameda  County, 

—  WITH  AN  — 

EXCELLENT  ARTESIAN   WELL. 

Apply  to    TJNGER  &  MENDHEIM, 

208  Montgomery  St.,  San  FranciBCO. 


F.  MOORECROFT, 

Stone  Seal  Engraver, 

THURLOW    BLOCK, 

Room  38,  120  Kearny  St.,  Cor.  Sutter,  San  Francisco. 

Coats  of  Arms,  Crests,  Monograms  and  Ma- 
sonic Inscriptions  Carefully  EngTaved. 


San  Lorenzo,  December  6th,  1877. 
Messrs.  Dewey  &  Co.— Gentlemen:  1  received  the  Let- 
ters Patent  for  my  invention  on  the  6th  inst.,  and  beg 
to  thank  you  for  the  gentlemanly  and  business-like  man- 
ner in  which  you  have  dealt  with  me  from  the  beginning 
of  my  application.  I  shall  always  feel  it  a  pleasure  to 
recommend  you  to  all  I  come  in  coutaot  with  who  need 
Letters  Patent.    Respectfully,  Wm.  Dale, 


292 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[May  3,  1879. 


Continued  from  page  285. 

18  ft.    On  same  level  running  from  shaft  have  made  but 
10  ft,  the  vein  matter  is  getting  softer. 

Highbridqe. — Have  connected  the  north  and  south 
drifts  on  sixth  level.  This  level  connects  with  drift  in 
Belmont  mine  196  ft  south  of  shaft.  Had  advanced 
seventh  level  17  ft  north  when  water  came  in  in  Buch 
quantities  that  it  was  thought  advisable  to  discontinue 
work  until  arrangements  could  be  made  for  hoisting  it. 
They  had  commenced  a  crosscut  in  sixth  level,  finding 
some  very  rich  ore,  and  when  suspended  the  indications 
were  very  favorable  for  finding  a  large  body  before  the 
hanging  wall  was  reached.  Before  commencing  work  in 
these  levels  it  will  be  necessary  to  sink  a  sump,  which  will 
enable  them  to  raise  enough  water  for  the  boilers,  saving 
the  expense  of  hauling  it,  as  previously  done.  The  next 
work  on  these  levels  will  be  to  finish  crosscutting  on  the 
sixth  and  crosscut  to  and  across  the  seventh  level  north  of 
shaft.     The  mill  is  running  as  well  as  UBual. 

EUREKA  DISTRICT. 

Tire  Hamburg.—  Sentinel  April  26:  West  crosscut  on 
600  level  has  been  extended  18  ft,  the  face  being  in  broken 
limestone,  with  seams  of  iron  through  it.  East  crosscut 
from  south  drift,  on  600  level,  is  now  in  22  ft,  almost  the 
entire  face  being  in  iron,  with  seams  of  good  ore  mixed 
through  it.  The  stopes  above  the  intermediate  drift  are 
looking  very  well,  and  are  yielding  a  considerable  amount 
of  first-class  ore. 

The  Fourth  of  July. — Work  was  resumed  on  the  14th 
inst.  The  stopes  above  the  tunnel  level  are  looking  very 
well,  and  yielding  a  considerable  amount  of  first-class  ore. 
On  the  north  side  of  the  old  inclined  winze  they  hive 
found  a  vein  of  gray  carbonate  ore,  about  two  ft  wide, 
that  is  of  good  quality.  They  have  somewhere  near  25 
tons  of  ore,  already  sacked,  on  the  dump  ready  for  ship- 
ment to  the  furnace,  a  considerable  quantity  in  the  mine, 
already  broken,  and  will  commence  shipping  ore  to  the 
furnace  at  an  early  day. 

Eureka  Con.— There  is  no  particular  change  to  note  in 
regard  to  the  mine.  The  ore  bodies  are  holding  out  well, 
with  very  fair  prospects  in  the  lower  levels  for  develop- 
ments that  will  keep  the  mine  on  a  paying  basis  for  some 
time  to  come.  The  following  work  has  been  done  in  the 
several  levels:  Fourth  level— North  crosscut  from  main 
drift  continued  22  ft,  and  is  now  in  75  ft.  Fifth  level- 
East  drift  from  cave  continued  10  ft,  and  is  now  in  416  ft; 
started  lateral  drift  running  east  and  made  18  ft.  Thir- 
teenth level— West  drift  from  station  continued  30  ft,  and 
is  now  in  300  ft;  started  drift  running  west  from  crosscut 
No.  1,  and  made  10  ft. 

GOOD  HOPE  DISTRICT. 

Mining  Notes.—  Silver  State,  April  10:  Important  de- 
velopments have  recently  been  made  in  the  mines  of 
Good  Hope  district.  In  the  Silver  Brick,  at  a  depth  of 
65  ft,  the  ledge  has  widened  out  and  carries  considerable 
ruby,  black  sulphurets  and  native  silver.  The  Buckeye, 
at  a  depth  of  25  ft,  iB  three  and  a  half  ft  thick,  and  14 
inches  of  it  is  rich  in  black  sulphurets  and  wire  silver. 
The  Aurora,  the  oldest  claim  in  the  district,  has  been  Bold 
to  San  Francisco  capitalists  for  $30,000. 

PARADISE  DISTRICT. 

Spring  City  Notes.  — The  working  force  on  the  Para- 
dise mine  ha*  been  reduced.  The  reasons  are  the  accu- 
mulation of  ore  on  the  dumps  and  lack  of  milling  facil- 
ities. This  company  have  over  1,500  tons  of  good  milling 
ore  on  its  dumps,  not  rich  enough  to  ship  without  assort- 
ing, but  good  paying  ore  for  a  mill  of  its  own.  There  are 
four  tunnels,  within  a  distance  of  1,000  ft,  in  on  the 
ledge  from  50  to  170  ft,  in  all  of  which,  the  top,  bottom 
and  face  is  in  good  ore.  In  fact  there  seems  to  be  no  end 
to  the  ore  now  in  sight,  and  a  piece  cannot  be  broken  off 
anywhere  that  does  not  Bhow  more  or  less  mineral.  Two 
mills,  one  of  10  and  the  other  of  20-stamp  capacity  are  to 
be  erected  in  the  canyon  this  summer.  The  Bullion  is  an 
immense  mine-  12  to  15  ft  wide.  A  force  of  eight  miners 
are  working  it  and  taking  out  great  quantities  of  very 
rich  ore,  which,  for  lack  of  milling  facilities,  must  be 
piled  on  the  dump.  The  Big  Prize  and  Rough  &  Ready 
are  each  working  a  small  force  of  miners,  and  while  piling 
up  some  good  ore,  are  developing  excellent  mines.  Work 
is  suspended  for  the  present  on  the  Mount  Rose  and  North 
Mammoth,  pending  the  arrival  of  a  new  superintendent, 
who  is  expected  daily. 

REESE  RIVER  DISTRICT. 

Western  Nye.—  Grantsville  Sun,  April  26:  The  Illinois 
mine  has  been  opened  up  to  a  depth  of  450  ft.  At  a  depth 
on  the  vein  of  100  ft  a  tunnel  has  been  run  in  several  hun- 
dred ft,  and  from  this  tunnel  level,  winzes  have  been 
struck  at  different  points.  The  ore  vein  is  from  two  to 
eight  ft  in  width.  The  ore  is  principally  carbonate  of  lead 
and  carries  a  large  percentage" of  silver.  There  is  a  10-ton 
furnace  at  Lodi.  The  property  of  this  company  worked 
successfully  until  the  company  got  into  its  financial 
troubles  and  was  obliged  to  shut  down. 

At  the  Tybo.—  About  30  men  have  been  discharged  from 
the  furnaces;  caused  by  the  shutting  down  of  furnace  No. 
1.  Should  No.  1  again  resume  work,  the  same  number  of 
men  will  be  put  on  as  soon  as  she  does.  The  mine  and 
one  furnace  are  still  running  as  usual.  The  men  were 
paid  on  the  first  of  the  month,  which  put  considerable 
coin  in  circulation.  Little  confidence,  however,  is  ex- 
pressed in  the  permanence  of  the  present  arrangement 
and  a  great  many  are  leaving  Tybo. 

ABIZONA. 

Globe  District  News.— Silver  Belt,  April  11:  The  pro- 
prietors of  the  Golden  Eagle  are  going  ahead  with  the  de- 
velopment on  their  claim.  They  are  now  arastraring 
several  tons  as  an  experiment,  and  if  satisfactory  results 
are  obtained,  will  have  several  more  worked  at  the 
Haskin  mill,  provided  arrangements  can  be  made  to  run 
it  through,  it  being  gold  ore.  Mr.  Thomas  Newland  left 
yesterday  for  the  Pioneer  mine,  16  miles  south  of  Globe, 
accompanied  by  Frank  Tarbell  and  Epply  Bros. ,  to  he- 
gin  work  on  the  Pioneer  South.  They  propose  to  com- 
mence a  tunnel  at  the  bottom  of  the  gulch  intersecting 
the  ledge  and  run  in  300  ft.  At  that  distance  they  will 
have  attained  a  depth  of  150  fl,  which  will  give  them 
Btoping  ground  to  take  out  several  hundred  tons  of  ore. 
In  event  of  the  mine  proving  to  be  what  they  anticipate, 
they  will  then  arrange  to  have  a  mill  erected  in  that  vi- 
cinity, and  will  put  up  hoisting  and  pumping  works. 

Mohave  County.— Cor.  Sentinel,  April  19:  The  Moss 
mine  is  undoubtedly  sold.  Mr.  Hitchins  lately  passed 
through  here  with  Mr  Randolph,  the  expert,  to  examine 
the  mine,  though  he  said  the  mine  was  sold  whether  the 
expert's  report  is  favorable  or  not.  The  Mineral  Park 
mill  and  Keystone  mine  have  been  sold  to  a  company  of 
brokers  on  Wall  street,  New  York,  by  Ben  Spear,  and  he 
has  gone  there  to  get  the  money.  The  mill  is  in  opera 
tion,  and  turns  out  a  fair  quantity  of  bullion.  They 
charge  $50  per  ton  for  working,  so  the  ore  has  to  be  rich 
to  pay;  this  short  run  has  been  very  successful  for  the 
miners,  or  rather  chloriders. 

Lynx  Crbkk,  —  Enterprise,  April  20:  The  placer  miners 
are  still  taking  out  considerable  gold,  but  water  is  becom- 
ing very  scarce,  and  unless  it  rains  before  long  sluicing 
for  the  season  will  cease  in  this  camp.  The  Thunderbolt 
mill  is  running  day  and  night.  The  company  at  present 
have  in  their  employ  27  men  at  the  mine  and  mill  to- 
gether, and  the  work  is  satisfactorily  carried  on  under  the 
supervision  of  Major  Dake.  There  are  quite  a  large 
number  of  men  prospecting  in  Walker  district  at  present. 

Patagonia. — Star,  April  24:  The  recent  discoveries 
made  by  Hershaw,  Fea  and  others,  are  developing  im- 
mensely rich.  The  ledges  are  mammoth  in  size,  and  10  ft 
sunk  on  them  shows  solid  metal,  ranging  from  3  to  18 
ft  in  width.  The  discoverers  are  working  silently,  but  it 
is  the  greatest  discovery  yet  made  in  the  Territory,  if  at 
depth  they  prove  only  one-fourth  of  the  surface  showing. 
Assays  run  from  §70  up  to  $2,600  in  silver.  There  are 
nine  locations,  and  all  within  one  and  a  half  miles  of  inex- 
haustible wood  and  water. 

Sonora. — The  mines  of  the  Altar  gold  and  silver  mining 
company,  in  Sonora,  are  developing  fine  orea.  The  level 
which  is  being  run  in  the  60-f t  shaft  has  struck  a  rich  body 
ore  assaying  over  §2,000  per  ton, 


Silver  With  the  Gold. 

[Written  for  the  Press  by  A.  B.  Paul.] 

In  my  former  article  under  the  above  caption, 

there  was  an  omission  of  both  dollar  and  per 

cent,  marks — as  one  set  of  figures  gave  the  gold 

and  silver  in  dollars  and  cents,  while  the  other 

was  in  per  cent. 

In  order  to  make  the  matter  more  clear,  I 

will  not  only  repeat  the  figures,  but  enlarge  on 

them,    by  giving  assays,   which  I  have  since 

found.     Thus,  assays  of  tailings  in  dollars  and 

cents: 

Gold.  Silver. 

No.  1 $10.64  $3.14 

No.  2 5.02  3.83 

No.  3 15.55  8.28 

No.  4 12.06  4.80 

No.  5 4.13  6.77 

No.  6 10. 04  314 

No.  7 6. 02  3.93 

No.  8  13.55  6.28 

No.  9 8.79  6.28 

You  have  here  as  an  average,  $9.42  in  gold 
and  $5. 29  in  silver.  It  will  thus  be  seen  that 
although  a  given  amount  of  gold  was  saved  in 
the  first  working,  that  no  silver  could  have  been 
(excepting  that  naturally  alloyed  with  the  gold) 
which  is  but  a  small  per  cent.  It  is  certainly 
safe  to  say,  that  the  average  of  all  the  "gold" 
ores  of  California  is  fully  $5  per  ton  in  silver,  and 
every  millman  must  judge  for  himself  whether 
he  had  better  run  this  off  or  seek  to  save  it — to 
say  nothing  about  the  gold  run  off.  What  is 
further  evidence  of  this  waste,  is  the  much 
larger  quantity  of  silver  per  ton,  to  be  found  in 
the  concentrations  from  our  "gold"  ores,  and 
which,  quite  frequently,  will  run  up  to  $30  and 
$40  per  ton.  No  one  concentrating  sulphurets, 
should  allow  himself  to  be  ignorant  of  the  silver 
they  contain,  or  to  loose  all  they  may  have. 

The  following  will  exhibit  in  per  cent,  the 
gold  and  silver  of  our  California  ores,  as  per  the 
deductions  made  by  several  of  the  most  cele- 
brated analytical  chemists: 


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Now  all  this  must  make  it  clear  to  our  mill- 
men,  that  they  are  running  to  waste  too  much  of 
the  precious  metals.  It  is  about  time  we  quit 
this  crushing  system,  of  crushing  rock,  and  give 
more  care  to  saving  the  metals.  Investi- 
gate as  they  do  in  silver  mining,  know  what 
value  your  ore  contains  per  ton  before  reducing, 
and  I  am  sure  the  big  difference  between  value 
and  results  will  make  millmen  think  and  seek 
to  save  the  difference. 


The  Independent  claims  for  the  town  of  Su- 
tro  a  population  of  1,500.  There  are  at  present 
600  men  at  work  in  the  tunnel. 


New  Incorporations. 

The  following  companies  have  filed  certificates  of  incor- 
poration in  the  County  Clerk's  office  at  San  Francisco: 

Hermit  G.  &  S.  M.  Co.— Capital,  $6,000,000.  Directors 
— Herman  E.  Giffln,  John  Tonkin,  F.  M.  Biber,  Frederick 
Schumacker,  Nathaniel  T.  Messer,  John  P,  Bacon  and  T. 
C.  Boyd. 

Union  Exchequer  G.  M.  Co.-  Object:  To  operate  in 
Nevada.  Capital,  55,000,000.  Directors— T.  W.  Smart, 
John  G.  Green,  Joseph  S.  Atwill,  J.  D.  Brewer  and  Ru- 
dolph Schroeder. 

Leota  Con.  M.  Co. — Object:  To  operate  in  Inyo  county. 
Capital,  $20,000,000.  Directors— J.  M.  Seawell,  Candido 
Gutierrez,  W.  Ayer,  J.  H.  Tingman,  J.  H.  Johnson,  T.  R. 
Hayes  and  C.  J.  Wiley. 

Roche  Rock  M.  Co.— Object:  To  operate  in  Nevada 
county.  Capital,  §500,000.  Directors— Henry  Odgers,  W. 
H.  George,  Joseph  Constance,  John  SkewB  and  William 


Overton  M.  Co.— Object:  To  operate  in  Bodie  district. 
Capital,  $1,000,000.  Directors— A.  C.  Dunn,  D.  L.  Smoot, 
E.  D.  Farnsworth,  E.  K.  Wood  and  Robert  Taylor. 

North  Standard  G.  &  S.  M.  Co. — Object:  To  operate  in 
Bodie  district.  Capital,  $10,000,000.  Directors— J.  Mc- 
Mechan,  Bernard  Lande,  A.  Burr,  H.  C.  Van  Dyck  and  W. 
h.  Locke. 

North  Bulwer  S.  &M.  Co.— Object:  To  operate  in  Bodie 
district.  Capital,  $1Q,00Q,000.  Directors— J.  McMechan, 
Bernnrd  Lande,  A.  Burr,  H.  C.  Van  Dyck  and  W.  L.  Locke. 

Bulwer  Con.  G.  &  S.  M.  Co.— Object:  To  operate  in 
Bodie  district.  Capital,  $10,000,000.  Directors— Daniel 
Cook,  John  F.  Boyd,  Seth  Cook,  W.  Willis,  Monroe 
Thomas,  R.  N.  Graves  and  W.  S.  Wood. 

Fair  View  M.  Co.  — Object:  To  operate  in  Mohave  county, 
Arizona.  Capital,  $1,200,000.  Directors— E.  C.  Bodley, 
Michael  Wolfe,  R.  C.  Swan,  H.  H.  Collier,  R.  K.  White* 
side,  H.  W.  Wright,  O.  B,  Kimball. 


'ATENTS  AND 


Inventions. 


List  of  U.  S.  Patents  Issued  to  Pacific 
Coast  Inventors. 

[From  Official  Reports  to  DEWEY  &  CO.'S  Mining  and 
Scientific  Press  Patent  Agency.] 

By  Special  Dispatch  from  Washington.  D.  C. 

For  the  Week  Endino  April  22d,  1879. 

Carriage.— A.  Bink,  S.  F. 

Fire  Extinguisher. — W.  F.  Ferguson,  Dixon,  Cal. 

Harrow. — Silas  Harris,  S.  F. 

Loom.—  R.  H.  H.  Hunt,  S.  F. 

Slop  Hopper.— John  G.  lis,  S.  F. 

Regulator  for  Electric  Lights. — E.  J.  Molera  and  J. 
C.  Cebrian,  S.  F. 

Regulator  for  Electric  Lights. — E.  J.  Molera  and  J. 
C.  Cebrian,  S.  F. 

Carbon  Floats  for  Electric  Lamps.  — E.  J.  Molera  and 
J.  C.  Cebrian,  S.  F. 

Vehicle  Running  Gear. — Chaa.  Oester,  S.  F. 

Rock  Drill.— H.  Richman,  S.  F. 

Oxidizing,  etc.,  Furnace.— W.  T.  Rickard,  S.  F. 

Twisting  and  Untwisting  Fiber.— A.  T.  Sherwood,  S.  F. 

Portable  Derrick. — J.  Uriell,  Collegeville,  Cal. 

Note.— Copies  of  U.  S,  and  Foreign  Patents  furnished 
by  Dewey  &  Co.,  in  the  shortest  time  possible  (by  tcl- 
graph  or  otherwise)  at  the  lowest  rates.  All  patent  busi- 
ness for  Pacific  coast  inventors  transacted  with  perfect 
security  and  in  the  shortest  possible  time. 


Notices  of  Recent  Patents. 

Among  the  patents  recently  obtained  through 
Dewey  &  Co.'s  Scientific  Press  American  and 
Foreign  Patent  Agency,  the  following  are  worthy 
of  special  mention: 

Jump  Seat  Carriage. — Anthony  Bink,  S.  F. 
Bated  April  22d.  These  improvements  are 
more  particularly  applicable  to  jump  aeat  bug- 
gies, or  those  in  which  the  seats  are  moved  in 
such  a  manner  as  to  form  a  double  or  single 
seated  buggy  or  carriage.  Great  difficulty  has 
hitherto  been  met  in  this  class  of  carriages,  be- 
cause the  springs  which  properly  support  one 
seat  are  not  suitably  proportioned  to  support 
two  seats  when  they  are  opened  out  by  any 
means  employed;  and  the  first  part  of  this  in- 
vention consists  in  a  novel  construction  whereby 
the  whole  body  is  proportionately  lengthened 
out  as  the  seats  are  separated,  and  the  seats 
themselves  are  placed  so  as  to  distribute  the 
weight  upon  the  springs.  The  invention  also 
relates  to  a  novel  construction  for  a  single  and 
extension  top,  which  is  fitted  to  be  used  on 
either  class  of  buggy,  and  in  a  means  for  using 
it  with  a  single  buggy  or  of  packing  away  the 
rear  portion.  The  device  is  very  simple  and 
compact,  and  the  change  from  single  to  double, 
or  vice  versa,  is  made  very  quickly.  The  car- 
riages are  now  being  made  by  M.  Kitzmuller, 
850  Howard  street. 

Farm  Gate. — E.  L.  Rugg,  Capay,  Yolo  Co. 
Dated  April  22d.  This  invention  relates  to  that 
class  of  gates  which  are  opened  and  closed  by 
the  driver  or  rider  without  the  necessity  of 
getting  down  from  the  wagon  or  horse,  and  the 
improvements  consist  in  fitting  between  up- 
rights a  gate  which  may  be  slid  up  and  down  in 
grooves,  the  gate  being  balanced  by  weights. 
A  peculiarly  shaped  hook  or  catch  serves  to 
hold  the  gate  in  an  elevated  position  after  it  is 
raised  by  a  cord  hanging  from  the  frame,  and 
this  hook  is  so  constructed  that  the  opposite 
cord  when  pulled  upon  will  release  said  hook 
and  allow  the  gate  to  descend.  The  ropes  are 
so  arranged  that  either  will  act  as  an  opening 
or  disengaging  cord,  according  to  the  direction  in 
which  the  team  passes  through. 

Metallic  Harrow. — Silas  Harris,  S.  F. 
Dated  April  22d.  The  improvements  consist  in 
riveting  on  each  side  of  the  holes  through  the 
fiat  bars  composing  the  harrow  frame,  a  pecu- 
liarly formed  right  angled  piece  of  spring  steel, 
the  two  pieces  forming  a  clamp  for  the  harrow 
tooth.  The  upper  -edges  of  these  clamps  are 
nearer  together  than  the  lower,  so  that  as  they 
are  driven  apart  by  the  insertion  of  the  tooth, 
they  grip  the  tooth  firmly  and  hold  it  in  place. 
The  inner  faces  of  the  clamps  are  roughened  so 
as  to  hold  the  tooth  more  firmly. 

Portable  Derrick. — J.  Uriell,  CollegevLUe, 
San  Joaquin  Co.  Dated  April  22d.  This 
patent  covers  certain  improvements  in  that  class 
of  field  derricks  such  as  are  used  in  the  field  for 
threshing  and  stacking  purposes,  and  it  is  ex- 
pressly intended  to  render  the  derrick  portable, 
to  save  time  in  setting  and  taking  down,  so  that 
in  moving  from  one  point  of  operation  to  another 
the  time  required  in  setting  the  ordinary  der- 
rick is  saved. 


The  Southern  Pacific. — The  Yuma  Senti- 
nel believes,  from  certain  indications,  that  the 
Southern  Pacific  Railroad  Company  will  not 
cease  their  labors  for  the  summer  when  the 
track  is  laid  to  Maricopa.  It  says  though  ties 
enough  to  complete  the  road  to  that  point  are 
already  on  hand,  train  loads  of  ties  pass  daily, 
and  the  same  is  true  of  the  rails.  Then  a  con- 
tract has  been  let  to  extend  the  road  to  New 
Mexico;  and  finally  strong  temptation  to  extend 
the  road  is  offered  by  the  facility  with  which 
the  next  hundred  miles  eastward  can  be  con- 
structed, and  by  the  late  extraordinary  mining 
developments  in  southern  and  eastern  Arizona. 

San  Francisco  has  sent  $5,000  in  cash  and 
provisions  to  Eureka.  Nev, 


News  in  Brief. 

Texas  suffers  from  floods. 

The  President  has  vetoed  the  Army  bill. 

Portions  of  Kussia  are  suffering  from  floods. 

Disastrous  drouths  have  occured  in  Cuba. 

There  are  five  men  in   Bodie  for  every  job. 

Two  Leadville  mines  have  just  been  sold  for 
$270,000. 

Oregon  is  troubled  over  the  text-book  ques- 
tion.'' 

The  Russian  army  is  to  be  increased  by  150 
battalions. 

Immigration  is  rapidly  flowing  into  south- 
ern Oregon. 

The  Astoria  {Oregon)  canneries  are  busy 
putting  up  fish. 

A  hurricane  has  done  great  damage  to  the 
Friendly  Islands. 

Joseph  Cook  is  to  deliver  a  series  of  lectures 
in  California. 

The  political  situation  in  British  Columbia  is 
reported  alarming. 

The  United  States  troops  killed  eight  Sioux 
in  a  recent  brush. 

The  miners  entombed  at  Sugar  Notch,  Pa., 
have  been  rescued. 

There,  is  a  growing  demand  from  Germany 
for  coarse  American  paper. 

Edison  claims  to  have  fully  solved  the  pro- 
blem of  electric  light  division. 

The  British  Pacific  coast  squadron  has  been 
ordered  to  cruise  off  Peru. 

Sixty  Russian  emigrants  have  arrived  at 
New  York  en  route  for  Dakota. 

At  Vidalia,  La.,  3,000  negroes  are  on  the 
river  bank,  awaiting  transportation. 

Within  the  past  four  weeks  5,000  colored 
refugees  have  arrived  at  St.  Louis. 

An  attempt  was  lately  made  in  Chicago  to 
assassinate  Edwin  Booth  the  actor. 

The  House  has  passed  the  Legislative,  Execu- 
tive and  Judicial  appropriation  bill. 

Many  wheat  and  barley  fields  near  Healds- 
burg  are  showing  symptoms  of  cheat. 

The  Railroad  company  are  planting  eucalyp- 
tus trees  along  the  Humboldt  valley. 

Several  Chinamen  were  recently  poisoned 
near  Monterey  by  eating  toadstools. 

The  high  prices  of  provisions  are  causing  dis- 
turbance in  Malaga  and  Grenada,  Spaiu. 

Iquique,  Peru,  is  still  bombarded  and  business 
in  the  interior  is  entirely  disorganized. 

The  Central  Pacific  contemplate  moving 
their  shops  from  Wadsworth  to  Reno,  Nev. 

The  steamer  Great  Republic  was  wrecked 
through  an  error  of  judgment  by  the  pilot. 

The  wreck  of  the  Great  Republic  has  been 
sold  for  $1,280,  and  the  cargo  for  $2,500. 

Reports  from  Ontario  announce  great  suffer- 
age  among  the  Indians  in  the  Northwest. 

Turkey  has  promised  Servia  to  send  troops 
to  check  the  incursions  of  the  Albanians. 

The  revenue  steamer  Rush  has  been  ordered 
on  a  five  months'  cruise  in  the  waters  of  Alaska. 

The  latest  fashion  absurdity  is  the  "Boc- 
cachio"  stockings — one  leg  white  and  one  pink. 

During  February  14  vessels  of  a  totol  of  18,- 
200  tons  were  launched  on  the  Clyde,  Scotland. 

An  association  has  been  organized  in  New 
York  to  assist  worthy  families  to  homes  in  the 
West. 

There  are  4,000  women  postmasters  in  the 
United  States,  and  the  number  is  on  the  in- 
crease. 

Trains  leaving  Ogden  for  the  North  are 
filled  with  prospectors  and  others  bound  for  the 
Idaho  mines. 

During  the  past  year  the  Fish  Commission- 
ers have  distributed  140,000  fish  in  the  waters 
of  the  coast. 


Bullion  Shipments. 

Since  our  last  issue,  we  have  noticed  the  fol- 
lowing bullion  shipments: 

Independence,  April  28th,  $6,000;  Grand 
Prize,  April  28th,  $9,000;  Ophir,  April  24th, 
$19,677-14;  Con.  Virginia,  April  26th,  $20,543.- 
26.  California,  April  26th,  $41,920.86;  Martin 
White,  April  20th,  $8,211;  Alexander,  April 
26th;  $6,731.62;  Northern  Belle,  April  23d, 
$3,895.43. 


An  Engineer,  favorably  known  in  the  East,  desirous  ol 
settling:  in  California,  seeks  position  as  Superintendent  or 
Chief  Draughtsman.  Competent  to  design  stationary, 
marine,  locomotive,  mill  work,  sugar  and  hydraulic  ma- 
chinery. Speaks  Spanish.  Unexceptional  references. 
Address  Expert,  this  office. 


How  to  Stop  this  Paper.— It  is  not  a  herculean  task  to 
Btop  this  paper.  Notify  the  publishers  by  letter.  If  it 
comes  beyond  the  time  desired  you  can  depend  upon  it  we 
do  not  kr.ow  that  the  subscriber  wants  it  stopped.  So 
be  sure  and  send  us  notice  by  letter. 


Examine  the  accelerative  endowment  plan,  as  originated 
by  the  Mutual  Benefit  Life  Insurance  Co. ,  of  Newark, 
New  Jersey.  Assets,  §30,533,429.94.  Lewis  C.  Grover, 
President;  L.  Spencer  Coble,  Vice-President;  Benjamin  C. 
Miller,  Treasurer;  Edward  A.  Strong,  Secretary;  Bloom- 
field  J.  Miller,  Actuary.  Send  for  circulars  to  James 
Munsell,  Jr.,  agent  of  insurtd,  224  Sansome  St.,  San 
Francisco. 

Fresh  attractions  are  constantly  added  to  Wood- 
ward's Gardens,  among  which  is  Prof.  Gruber's  great 
educator,  the  Zoographicon.  Each  department  increases 
daily,  and  the  Pavilion  performances  are  more  popular 
than  ever.  All  new  novelties  find  a  place  at  this  wonder- 
ful resort.    Prices  remain  as  usual. 


Experimental  Machinery,  drawings,  patterns,  models, 
all  kinds  of  electrical  and  telegraphic  apparatus  to  order. 
See  ad.     F.  W.  Fuller,  416  Market  St.,  second  floor,  S.  F. 

Chew  Jackson's  Bbst  Sweet  Navy  Tobacco 


May  3,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS 


293 


METALS. 

[WHOLES  A  LB. 

Wf.dx  wdit  m..  April  30.  1873 

Imo*.- 

Amarlc&o  Pig.  toft,  too 13  00  !<*->>  00 

Seoteb  Pif.  ton K  90  §M  SO 

American  White  rig,  loo 23  00  4f—  — 

Omon  Pij.  too .35  60  W 

Rnud  B*r 21(4      31 

Hone  Shoes,  keg 5  00  &—  — 

NdlBod _^       7 

Norway,  according  to  thlckneu 6iS        7 

CorrcK  -  "" 

8h<*t  bin g.  tt» 34  d     35 

Sheathing.  Vrllow ]{S      30 

Sheathing.  Old  Yellow -  S- 

STBEL--  v 

BnglUh  Cut,  tt> 16  @      J; 

HUci  Diamond,  ordinary  tlz** 16  (A_  _ 

Drill 16  &      17 

Flat  Bar 16  g      i9 

Plow  Steel 8  @ 

Tin  I'i  atkh.— 

10x14  I  O  Charcoal gifi*        9 

10x1 1  I  C  Coke 7  §        71 

Banc*  Tin 18  <*-  20 

Australian i$Wi      1 7 

no.— 

By  thr  <?wk 9  @. 

Zinc.  Hheet  7x3  it.  7  to  10.  tt>,  Iraa  than  caiik. .        9,<3—  10 

Hails. - 
Awort«d  sizes 2  90X93  00 

Gold,    Legal    Tenders.    Exchange,    Etc. 

[Corrected  Weekly  by  Sctro  &  Co.) 

8AH  Francisco,  April  30.  3  p.  M 

Bilvxr    1.30X&1. 

Gold  Baas,  8U<KS910.  Silver  Baku,  8@I'Lt  «)  cent.  dl» 
soont. 

Exchanoeoh  New  York,  20,  od  London  bankers,  M^a 
4M.  Commercial.  60;  Paris,  five  francs  «  dollar:  HuxJcan 
dollars.  83  «3>. 

London  Consols.  £8  9-16:  Bonds,  104  . 

OPTPi»n,T»R  In  R    K.hv  the  flank    -'  lh.  40041c, 


fKifiilig  and  Other  Copipapie?. 


Persona  Interested  in  Incorporated  shares 
will  do  well  to  recommend  the  publication 
of  the  official  notices  of  their  companies 
In  this  paper,  as  the  cheapest  appropriate 
medium  for  the  same. 


California  and  Oregon  Land  Company.— 

Location  of  principal  place  of  business,    Sun    Francisco, 

California.     Location  of  Works,  State  of  Oregon. 

NOTICE.—  There  is  delinquent  upon  the  following  de- 
,  scribed  stock,  on  account  of  assessment  (No.  2)  levied  on 
"the  first  day  of  March,  A.  D.,  1879,  the  several  amounts 
set  opposite  the  names  of  the  respective  shareholders,  as 
follows: 

Names.  No.  Certificate.  No.  Shares.  Amnunt. 

Allen,  JO 130  400  SltlO  00 

Pond.  EB 129  50  20  00 

Woodsum,  O  P 10(3  100  40  00 

Wood'-um,  O  P 107  100  40  00 

Woodsum,  OP 108  100  40  00 

Woodsum,  OP 109  100  40  00 

And  in  accordance  with  law,  a'.d  an  order  of  the  Board 
of  Directors,  made  on  the  first  day  of  March,  1879,  so 
many  shares  of  each  parcel  of  such  stock  as  may  be  necea- 
Bary,  will  be  sold  at  public  auction,  at  the  office  of  the 
Company,  on  Saturday,  the  tenth  day  of  May,  A.  D., 
1879.  at  the  hour  of  two  o'clock  p.  m.  of  said  day,  to  pay 
said  delinquent  assessment  thoreon,  together  with  costs 
of  advertising  and  expenses  of  the  sale. 

R    N.  VAN  BRUNT,  Secretary. 

Office,  Room  0,  No.  318  Pine  street,  San  Francisco. 

Cherokee  Flat  Blue  Gravel  Company.— 

Location  of  principal  placo  of  business.  San  Fra-iciaco. 

California.    Location    of   Works,    Cherokee  Flat,    Butte 

County,  California. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meetin?  of  the  Directors, 
held  on  the  tenth  day  of  April,  A.  D.,  1879.  an  assessment 
(No.  4 1>.  of  five  cents  per  share  was  levied  upon  the  capital 
stock  of  the  corporatinn.  payable  immediately  in  United 
States  gold  coin,  to  the  Secretary  at  the  office  of  the  company. 

Any  stock  upon  which  thin  assessment  shall  remain  unpaid 
on  the  twelfth  day  of  May.  1879,  will  be  delinquent,  and  ad- 
vertised for  Bale  at  public  auction;  and  unless  payment  Is 
mada  before,  will  bo  sold  ou  Tuesday,  the  tenth  day  of  June, 
A.  D.,  1873,  to  pay  the  delinquent  assessment,  together  with 
costs  of  advertising  and  expenses  of  sale. 

It.  N.  VAN  BRUNT.  Secretary. 

Office.  Room  6,  No.  318  Pine  street.  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Rocky  Point  Mining  Company.— Location 

of  principal  place  of  business,  San  Francisco,  California. 

Location  of  works,  Placer  county,  California. 

Notice  jb  hereby  given  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Directors,  held  on  the  17th  day  of  April,  1879,  an  assessment 
(No,  1)  of  ten  f  10)  cents  per  share  was  levied  upon  the  capital 
stock  of  the  corporation,  payable  immediately  in  U.  S.  gold 
coin  to  the  Secretary,  at  the  office  of  the  Company,  No.  314 
Bush  street,  San  Francisco,  California. 

Any  stock  upon  which  this  assessment  shall  remain  unpaid 
on  the  29th  day  of  May,  1879,  will  be  delinquent,  and  adver- 
tised for  sale  at  auction;  and  unless  payment  is  made  before, 
will  be  sold  on  Monday,  the  16th  day  of  June,  1879,  to  pay 
the  delinquent  assessment,  together  with  cost  of  advertising 
sad  expenses  of  sale.  By  order  of  the  Board  of  Directors. 
T.  L.  BIBBINS,  Secretary. 

Office,  314  Bush  Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Summit    Mining  Company.— Location  of 

Principal  place  of  business,  San  Francisco,  California. 

Location    of    works,  Mineral  Point  Mining    District, 

Plumas  County,  Cal. 

Notice. — There  are  delinquent  upon  the  following  de- 
scribed Btock,  on  account  of  assessment  (No.  7,)  levied  on 
the  4th  day  of  February,  A.  D.,  1879,  the  several  amounts 
set  opposite  the  names  of  the  respective  shareholders,  as 
follows: 

Names.  No.  Certificate.  No.  Shares.  Amount, 

Byers,  W  T 38  700  35  00 

Edwards,  J  E 39  700  35  00 

Gautier,  Oustave 156  200  10  00 

Kellogg,  H  W 46  1000  60  00 

Lehmann,  C,  Trustee 200  200  10  00 

Lehmann,  C,  Trustee 207  200  10  00 

Turner,  J  W 65  200  10  00 

Thompson,  R 24  1200  60  00 

And  In  accordance  with  law,  and  an  order  of  the  Board  of 
Directors,  made  on  the  Fourth  day  of  February,  A.  D.. 
1879,  so  many  shares  of  each  parcel  of  such  stock  as  may 
be  necessary,  will  be  sold  at  public  auction,  at  the  office 
of  the  company,  No.  318  Pine  street,  Rnom  6,  San  Fran- 
cIbco,  California,  on  Tuesday,  the  Eighth  day  of  April, 
A.  D. ,  1879,  at  the  hour  of  three  o'clock  p.  m.,  of  said 
day,  to  pay  said  delinquent  asseRsmeut  thereon,  together 
with  costs  of  advertising  and  expenses  of  the  sale. 

R  N.  VAN  BRUNi',  Sec'y. 

Office,  Room  6,  No.  318  Pine  Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

POSTPONEMENT.— The  sale  of  delinquent  stock  of  the 
above  named  Company  is  hereby  postponed  until  Tues- 
day, the  Sixth  day  of  May,  1879,  at  the  same  hour  and 
place.     By  order  of  the  Board  of  Directors. 

R.  N.  VAN  BRUNT,  Secretary. 

Office,  Room  6,  No.  318  Pine  street,  San  Francisco. 


Jeweller.  — E.  E.  Stacy,  Reading,  repairs  all  kinds  of 
watches  and  jewelry.  Refers  by  permission  to  tho  pub- 
lishers of  this  paper. 


Trail  Hygienic.  Mtal  d  Surgical  Mirk 

No.   8   Ellis  Street,  San   Francisco,   Cal. 
Treatment  by  a  Purely  Scientific  and  Rational  Method  Without  Drugs  of  any  Kind. 

THE  ™^.TJt^„£BPAaTM»rr   KMRRACKS    ALL    APPROVED  REMEDIAL  AGBNTB,  AB  OXYGEN 

INIlAl.Alli  Ns       U(T     M      TREATMENT.       THERMO  ELECTRIC,      TURCO  \MI.IU<vn 

BLEOTROMAGN1  1 1<\    GALVANtMTHEMIOAL     8TEAM     VAPOR     WARM  ' 

AM!,    AM)    ALL    FORMS    OF    WATER    BATHB; 

^odUhMovcn^nlvTIi.  H.,dtl,  ^ 

£H™Tn7T:  ™  ""'  '",  *",1l  W"    Uj  ■Sur*  r>    '"'*  M»'1  WW*  Tniw  lor  the  Radical  Curt-  ..f  il.  . 

,  m',m lc*A  '  ?mPSSPd  ''.'  ""'  hl  *  ">■  "*fc-  l*luliM  «>'d  permanent  removal  of  Cancers,  Bc!<  mine  awl  nieoei 


and  Surgical 
.  lately  dltooreml 

..-_..       -^  ■■  ~_,  -  -.-,,.  — ~,  ,-,.■«,  ,..„.  iiwiuauou*  rauiDTM  01  1  urn-era,  ociititftic  and  BUCO«aaful  nut  hod 

•STAlms  to  keep  Abreast  with,  if  not  tn  advance  of  the  Progressive  Ag-e.Ta 

IthubMn  the  mission  of  fills  System  to  mold  public  sunthueut 
sod  toll  Institution  will  bops  t«>  be  no  disgrace  t.>  tin-  Immortal  name 

it  \uu>  awtuiiK'd.  The  ttim-  Irn*  come  wln-n  Chj  1.  i.iu-  ,.(  tlm  Nt-)io,.|  c.in 
anV.rd  tltinucially  to  keep  ;i  f.nis.'i-  n.-e;  in  fact  It  It  disastrous  ansa  dally 
as  well  hb  morally  to  oompromlse  the  truth  uiiv  i<iU;  I,,  nee  patirm  .  ,,, 
rest  awuretl  that  they  will  bo  treated  by  tli<-  l'l,\  1.  mi,,  ..rn-i  the  most 
approved  and  BdentlflC  methods,  OUt  of  pure  and  enliKriU-ut'd  Hellish 
m         leeutjiii/ing  the  truth  and  beauty  of  thin  ureal  principle.: 

'      '  ■■■■■■■•■  I rdtre&mul  irranovd  <>•••>  lA  real  and  ptrmaiwti 

■' '  ".'  "<iy  onaturt  U  l*r*t  aubnervrd  in  promoting  (Afl   reoJ  and  )■■  rata- 

d  ■•j'i'-rry  OthtT  bring." 


THE  BOARDING  DEPARTMENT. 

Thr  table  will  be  supplied  with  the  best  the  SXOelslOr  market  of  the 
worlil  affords,  embracing  frulta,  graiiiH,  vegetal>!es.  Uicate,  lish,  fowl. 
eggs,  cream,  etc.  Bagnlar  and  transient  boarders  will  beaooommodajted 
aa  well  as  patients.  Biihlne^.i  ami  iirufeBsi.mal  men  and  women  who  an 
tire.1  iif  restaurant  fare,  may  appreciate  eatlnc  to  live  a  more  hcalthlul 
and  enjoyable  life.  Pure  food  means  pure  blood,  Pure  blood  means 
good  health. 

"The  vegetarian  school  Iiah  demonstrated  beyond  the   possibility  of 
a  doubt  that  farinaceous  dishes,  sweet  milk  uud   fiuit.  are  sulllcient  to 
,    .         .„,        JL         „  malotam  a /Mtrd  Ht.rttnj/ luan  in  perfect  health.     Such  a  diet  might  oer- 

talnly.bo  substituted  by  sedentary  people  for  their  greasy  Bleaks  and  ragouts.— Pojndar  Scienci  Monthly,  December,  1878. 

The    Rooms   are   pleasant,    warm,   well   ventilated  and  sunny;  convenient  to  treatment 
rooms,  so  as  to  afford  the  best  advantage  ol  nursing  and  professional  attendance. 


GENERAL   PRACTICE. 

Fevers,  and  in  fact  all  casea  may  b.  treated  at  home  successfully.  Paturitfon  confinement  cases  are  taken  in  the  Insti- 
tution or  attotnl  d  at  home  in  any  part  of  tlio  city  or  country.     Preparatory  treatment  in  these  cases  is  most  important. 

Testiinouialfl  of  extraordinary  cases  and  cu.es  can  b?  seen  on  application.  Tho  most  desperate  cases,  and  especially 
those  that  have  be^n  given  upas  incurable  by  the  old  methods,  are  Invited.  Puerperal  and  typhoid  fever  and  diphtheria 
cases,  after  all  other  methods  have  failed,  may  be  said  to  be  a  specialty.      AS'Scnd  for  the  Tiiall  Health  Juurnal. 

DRS.  D.  C.  &  MRS.  E.  D.  MOORE, 

Trail  Hygienic  Sanitarium,  8  Ellis  St.,  S.  P. 


In  consequence  of  spurious  imitations  of 

LEA    AND    PERRINS'    SAUCE, 

■which  are  calculated  to  deceive  the  Public,  Lea  and  Per r ins 
have  adopted  A  NE  W  LABEL,  bearing  their  Signature, 
thus, 


'*^~*-Kt>j 


which  is  placed  on  every  bottle  of  WORCESTERSHIRE 
SA  UCE,  and  without  which  none  is  genuine. 

Ask  for  LEA  Gr  PERRINS'  Sauce,  and  see  Name  on  Wrapper,  Label,  Bottle  and  Stopper. 
Wholesale  and  for  Export  by  the  Proprietors,  Worcester;  Crosse  and  B'ackwell,  London 
frc,  &-Y.;  and  by  Grocers  and  Oilmen  throi'-hout  the  U'o-ld. 

To  be  obtained  of  CROSS  Se  CO..  San  Francisco. 


BOOKS  relating  to  PRACTICAL    SCIENCE. 


Catalogue  Free  by  Mail  on  Application. 
N.    3PON,    447    BROOME    STREET, 


NEW    YORK. 


Tobacco  Fiber  Pipes,  15c,  81.25  a  Dozen.  Match  Boxes,  20c.  and  25c.  Horse  Shoe  Inkstands, 
very  unique,  82.50;  #20  a  Dozen.  Steel  Watcb  Chains,  new  designs,  15c ;  §1.25  a  dozen.  Sensation  Fin- 
ger Traps,  first-class  trick,  25c. ;  81.50  a  dozen.  Chinese  Spiral  Puzzle.  20c;  81.25  a  dozen.  A  first  class 
Four-Bladed  Pocket  Knife,  70c.  Coin-Holders,  to  hold  $5,  20c.;  Si. 25  a  doz.  a  Good  Imitation 
Russian  Leather  Pocket  Book,  50c.  Magic  Two-Cent  Boxes.  25c. ;  81.75  a  dozen.  Samples  Post-paid. 
Stamp  for  Circular,     la,  2c,  or  3c.  Stamps  taken  in  payment.     W.  D.  HaMMITT,  97  Clermont  Ave.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 


Mining     and    Scientific 
Press  Patent  Agency. 


PATENTS  obtained  promptly;  Caveats  filed  expeditiously 
Patent  re-issues  taken  out;  Assignments  mode  and  re- 
corded in  legal  form;  Copleu  of  Patents  and  Assignments 
procured;  Examinations  of  Patents  made  here  and  at 
Washington;  Examinations  made  of  Assignments  re- 
corded in  Washington;  Examinations  ordered  and  re- 
ported by  Telegraph;  Rejected  cases  taken  up  and  Pat- 
ents obtained;  Interferences  Prosecuted;  Opinions  ren- 
dered regarding  the  validity  of  Patents  and  Assign- 
ments; Every  legitimate  branch  of  Patent  Soliciting 
Business  promptly  and  thoroughly  conducted. 

Our  intimate  knowledge  of  the  various  inventions  of  this 
coast,  and  long  practice  in  patent  business,  enable  us  to 
abundantly  satisfy  our  patrons,  and  our  success  and 
business  are  constantly  increasing. 

Tho  ablest  and  most  experienced  inventors  are  found 
among  our  most  steadfast  friends  and  patrons,  who  fully 
appreciate  our  advantages  in  bringing  valuable  Inven- 
tions to  the  notice  of  the  public  through  the  columns  of 
our  widely  circulated,  first-class  journals— thereby  facil- 
itating their  introduction,  sale  and  popularity, 

DEWEY  &  CO.,  Patent  Agents, 
Office— 202  Sansome  St ,  N.  E.  Cor.  Pine,  S.  F. 


A.  T.  DEWKY. 


W.   B.  BWER. 


O.  II.  BTROKO. 


Mines  and  Works  of   Almaden. 

Translated  from    "Annales  des  Mines" 
Bv  S.  B.  Christy. 

Full  geological  description  of  this  famous  Quicksilver 
Mine,  illustrated  by  maps  and  plane  of  the  works.  Com- 
plete description  of  the  Quicksilver  Furnaces  and  Con- 
densers, etc.  -18  pages  octavo— paper  cover— price  (post- 
paid) 50  Cts.  Published  and  sold  by  DEWEY  &  CO.,  202 
Sansome  Street,  S.  F, 


BUY  LAND 


Where  you  can  get  a  crop  every  year; 
where  you  will  make  something  every 
season;  where  you  are  sure  of  having  a  crop 
when  prices  are  high;  where  you  have  a 
healthy  place  to  live;  where  you  can  raise 
semi-tropical  as  well  as  other  fruits;  where 
you  can  raise  a  diversity  of  grain  and  vege- 
tables and  get  a  good  price  for  them.  Go 
and  Bee  the  old  Reading  Grant  {in  the 
upper  Sacramento  Valley),  and  you  will 
find  such  land  for  sale  in  sub-divisions  to 
suit  purchasers — at  reasonable  rates  and 
on  easy  terms.  Send  stamp  for  map  and 
circular  to  Edward  Frisbie,  proprietor, 
(on  the  Grant),  Anderson,  Shasta  Co.,  Cal. 


^BERRY&PlACE 

At  the  Old  Stand,  Market,  head  of  Front  Street,  S.  F. 

TO     LET. 

An  elegant  suite  of  rooms  for  office  purposes.    Inquire 
of  DEWEY  Se  CO., 

]     Room  10.  No.  202  Sansome  Street,  San  Francisco, 


A.  S.  HALLIDIE. 

.maGtreet, 


Office,  No.  6  ( 
s 


Iron  and  Steel  Wire  Rope, 

Flat  and  Round,  for  MiningJ}hippmg, 
Hoisting  and  G^mnTy^poses. 

Having  th^moSt  cVrfplote jKrlTextranri 
WiErKSV  \\t>rk»  i  J  Ununited  States.  I  am 
pTpffcrfno  maSsfalture  WiroEopo  and  Cable, 
of  anjjltugtn  or  sixo  at  abort  notice,  and  gnat* 
antoo  the  quality  and  workmanship  equal  to 
■ny  mado  at  homo  or  abro>^r^v 

Iron,  SteelHtu^&aJva/ized  Wire 

Of  all  fe^es  oV  h$!)\oi-Kade  to  order. 

Barbtetr-Tence  Wjre. 

Bole  Proprjetet^of     VA    . 

HaMi^YEudlek^oJ^ay, 

Petf  tbtKfrffiiBpo^RtleBrbr  Ores.  Et& 
CrSomr«ir  avircular. 

A.  S.  HAIXXDIE. 

Office,  Ko.  0  California  St.,  Bon  Francisco 

STEVENOT'S 

Fine  Gold  Amalgamator. 

Adapted  for  Ores,  Tailings,  Slimes,  Etc. 

TJnequalei  for  Cheapness,  Lightness  and 
Practical   Results. 


No  mechanism  required  to  run  it.  Worked  entirely  by 
pressure  of  water  throwing  the  ore  forcibly  on  to  and 
through  a  body  of  mercury. 

E.  K.  STEVENOT, 

Chemist  and  Mining  Engineer, 

304  Montgomery  St.,  San  Francisco. 

REPORTS  MADE  ON  MINES.  Quartz  Mills,  and 
Works  of  every  description  started. 

W.   T.   GARRATT'S 

BRASS  and  BELL  FOUNDRY 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 

MANUFACTURER  AND  IMPORTER  OF 

Church  and  Steamboat  BELLS  and  GONGS 
BRASS  CASTINGS  of  all  kinds, 
WATER  GATES,   GAS  GATES, 
FIRE  HYDRANTS, 

DOCK  HYDRANTS, 

GARDEN  HYDRANTS 

General  Assortment   ol    Engineers'   Findings. 

Hooker's    Patent 
Celebrated 

STEAM  PUMP 

SSrThc  Best  and  Most 
Durable  in  use.  Also, 
a  varioty  of  other 


For  Mining  and   Farm- 
ing Purposes. 

ROOT'S  BLAST  BLOWERS, 

For  Ventilating  Mines  and  for  Smelting  Works. 

HYDRAULIC    PIPES    AND     NOZZLES, 

For  Mining  Purposes. 

Garratt's    Improved     Journal    Metal. 

ISirOKTER   OF 

IRON  PIPE  AND  MALLEABLE    IRON    FITTINGS. 

ALL    RINDS   OP 

WORK  AND  COMPOSITION  NAILS, 

AT  LOWEST  RATES. 


Settlers  and  others  wishing  good  farming  lands  for 
sure  crops,  are  referred  to  Mr.  Edward  Frisbie,  of  Ander- 
son, Shasta  County,  Cal.,  who  has  some  15,000  acres  for 
sale  in  the  Upper  Sacramento  valley.  His  advertisement 
appears  from  time  to  time  in  this  paper. 


294 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[May  3,    1879. 


Iron  and  Jflachipe  tyorb. 


THOS.  PENDERGAST. 


HENRY  S.  SMITH. 


/ETNA   IRON    WORKS, 

MAKUFACFURBRS  OP 

IRON  CASTINGS 

and     MACHINERY 

OF  ALL  KINDS. 

Fremont  Street,  Bet.  Howard  and  Folaom, 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 

SACRAMENTO  BOILER   WORKS, 

214  &  216  BEALE  St.,  (rear  of  ^Etna.  Foundry) 

J.  V.  HALL, 

PRACTICAL   boiler   maker, 

Marine,  Stationary  and  Portable  Boilers,  Smoke  Stacks, 

Hydraulic  Pipe,   Oil  or  Water  Tanks,    Ore  and 

Water  Buckets,  Gasometers,  Girders,  Bridges 

and   Iron    Ship   Building. 

ALL    KINDS    OF   SHEET    IRON    WORK. 

Repairing   promptly   attended   to    at   the 
lowest    possible    terms. 


UNION  IRON  WORKS, 

SACRAMENTO,    CAL. 
BOOT,    NBILSON    &    CO., 

MANUFACTURERS  OF 

STEAM   ENGINES,  BOILERS   AND    ALL 

Kinds  of  Machinery  for  Mining  Purposes. 

Flouring  Mills',  Saw  Mills'  and  Quartz  Mills'  Machinery 

constructed,  fitted  up  and  repaired. 

Front  Street,  Between  N  and  O  Streets, 

SACRAMENTO,     CAL. 


PHELPS 
MANUFACTURING    COMPANY, 

Manufacturers  of  all  kinds  of 

Wharf  and  Bridge  Bolts,   Eailroad  Trestle 

Work,   Car  Frames  and  Bolts,  Machine 

Bolts,   Set  Screws    and   Tap  Bolts, 

Lag   or    Coach    Screws. 

ALL  STYLES   OF  FANCY  HEAD  BOLTS. 

HOT  AND    COLD    PRESSED    HEXAGONAL   AND 

SQUARE    NUTS,    WASHERS,    BOLT    ENDS, 

TURNBUCKLES,    ETC.,    ETC. 

13, 15  and  17  Drumm  St.,  near  California, 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 

Golden  State  &  Miners  Iron  Works. 

Manufacture  Iron  Castings  and  Machinery 
of  all  Kinds  at  Greatly  Beduced  Kates. 

STEVENSON'S  PATENT . 

Mold-Board  AMALGAMATORS, 
Golden  State  Pressure  Blowers. 

First  St.,  between  Howard  &  Folsom,  S.  F. 


Wm.  H.  Birch.  John  Argall. 

California    Machine   Works, 
BIRCH,    ARGALL    &    CO., 

119  Beale  Street,  San  Francisco. 

jtSTGeneral  Mechanical  Engineers  and  Machinists. 
Steam  Engines,  Flour,  Quartz  and  Mining  Machinery. 
Sole  manufacturers  of  Brodie's  Patent  Rock  Crushers  and 
Steel-Faced  Tappits.  Steam,  Hydraulic  and  Sidewalk 
Elevators.    Repairing  promptly  attended  to. 


California    Brass    Foundry, 

No,  125  First  Street,  Opposite  Minna. 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 

All  kinds  of  Brass,  Composition,  Zinc,  and  Babbitt 
Metal  Castings,  Brass  Ship  Work  of  all  kinds,  Spikes, 
sheathing  Nails,  Rudder  Braces,  Hinges,  Ship  and  Steam- 
boat Bells  and  Gongs  of  superior  tone.  All  kinds  of  Cocks 
and  Valves,  Hydraulic  Pipes  and  Nozzles,  and  Hose  Coup- 
lings and  Connections  of  all  sizes  and  patterns,  furnished 
with  dispatch.  t^PRICES  MODERATE. ^fc 

J.  H.  WEED.  V.  KING-WELL. 


STEAM  ENGINES  AND  BOILERS 

Of  all  sizes — from  2  to  60-Horse  power.  Also,  Quartz 
Mills,  Mining  Pumps,  Hoisting  Machinery.lBhafting,  Iron 
Tanks,  etc.    For  sale  at  the  lowest  prices  by 

J.    HENDY,  49  and  51  Fremont  Street,  S.  F. 


TIIOMAS   TUOMP30N. 


THORNTON  THOMPSON. 


THOMPSON    BROTHERS, 

EUREKA    FOUNDRY, 

129  and  131  Beale  St.,  between  Mission  and  Howard,  S.  F 

MANUFACTURKJIS  OF  CASTINGS  OF  EVERT  DESCRIPTION. 


WIND  MILL 


One  of  the  best  made  in  this-  State 
1  for  sale  cheap  on  easy  terms.    Ad- 
dress, W.  T.  care  of  Dewey  &  Co.,  S.  F. 


GEORGE  W.  PRESCOTT. 


IRVING  M.  SCOTT. 


H.  T.  SCOTT. 


[]  n  [  0  n    |ron    f  o  r  k  s . 

Office,  61  First  St.  |  Cor.  First  &  Mission  Sts.,  S.  F.  |  p.   0.   Box,  2128. 


BUILDERS     OF 


Steam,    Air   and    Hydraulic    Machinery. 

Home  Industry.— All  Work  Tested  and  Guaranteed. 


Vertical  Enoines, 

Baby  Hoists, 

Stamps, 

Horizontal  Engines, 

Ventilating  Fans, 

Pans, 

Automatic  Cut-off  Engines, 

Rock  Breakers, 

Settlers, 

Compound  Condensing  Enqines, 

Self-Feeders, 

Retorts, 

Shafting, 

Pulleys, 

Etc,  Etc 

TRY    OUR    MAKE,  CHEAPEST   AND    BEST    IN    USE. 
Send  for  Late  Circulars.  PRESCOTT,  SCOTT  &  CO. 


A^  i  1 1  i  a  rri      H  a  w  k  i  n  s , 

Successor  to 

MACHINE      WO  RKS, 
210  and  212  Beale  Street,  bet.  Howard  and  Folsom  Sts.,    -    -    San  Francisco. 

Manufacturers    of 

IMPROVED    PORTABLE    HOISTING    ENGINES, 

For   Mining  and   Other   Purposes. 

Steam  Engines  and  all  Kinds  of  Mill  and  Mining  Machinery. 


Pacific  Rolling  JVLill  Co., 

SAN    FRANCISCO,    CAL. 

MANUFACTURERS    OF 

RAILROAD  AND   MERCHANT  IRON, 

ROLLED  BEAMS,  ANGLE,  CHANNEL  AND  T  IRON,  BRIDGE  AND  MACHINE  BOLTS,  LAG  SCREWS,  NUTS 
WASHERS,  ETC.,  STEAMBOAT   SHAFTS,  CRANKS,  PISTONS,   CONNECTING   RODS,  ETC.,  ETC. 

Car  and  Locomotive  Axles  and  Frames,  and  Hammered  Iron  of  Every  Description. 

HIGHEST    PRICE    PAID    FOR    SCRAP    IRON. 

*S-  Orders  Solicited  and  Promptly  Executed.  Office,  No.  16  FIRST  STREET. 


^Pulton    Iron    Works. 

Hinckley,  Spiers  &  Hayes. 

(ESTABLISHED    IN    1855.) 

Works,  Fremont  and  Howard  Sts.  |  San  Francisco,  Cal.  |  Office,  No.  213  Fremont  St. 


MANUFACTURERS    OF 


Marine  Engines  and  Boilers, 

Propeller  Engines  either  High  Pressure  or  Com- 
pound Stern  or  Side  Wheel  Engines. 

Mining  Machinery. 

Hoisting  Engines  and  Works,  Cages,  Ore  Buckets,  Ore 
Cars,  Pumping  Engines  and  Pumps,  Water  Buckets, 
Pump  Columns,  Air  Compressors,  Air  Receivers, 
Air    Pipes. 

Mill  Machinery. 

Batteries  for  Dry  or     Wet  Crushing,     Amalgamating 


Pans,  Settlers,  Furnaces,  Retorts,  Concentrators,  Ore 
Feeders,  Rock  Breakers,  Furnaces  for  Reducing  Ores 
Water  Jackets,  Etc. 


Sugar  Machinery. 


Crushing  Rolls,  Clarifiers,  Vacuum  Pans,  Air  Pumps, 
Concentrators,  Bag  Filters,  Charcoal  Filters,  Blow-up 
Tanks,  Coolers  and  Receiving  Tanks. 


Miscellaneous   Machinery. 


Flour  Mill  Machinery,  Saw  Mill  Engines  and  Boilers, 
Dredging  Machinery,  Oil  Well  Retorts,  Powder  Mill  Ma- 
chinery, Water  Wheels. 


PnninPC     and     RniloPC  of  all  kinds,  either  for  use  on  Steamboats  and  made  in  accordance  with  the 
UllJJIIICo     CUIU     DUIICI  o   Act  of  Congress  regulating  the  same,  or  for  use  on  land.  Water  Pipe,  Pump 
or  Air  Column,  Fish  Tanks  for  Salmon  Canneries  of  every  description. 
Boiler  repairs  promptly  attended  to  and  at  very  moderate  rates. 


PACIFIC    IRON    WORKS, 

First  and  Fremont  Streets,  between  Mission  and  Howard,  San  Francisco,  Cal., 
RANKIN,    BRAYTON    &    CO., 

Manufacturers    of 

ENGINES,  BOILERS,    MARINE    AND    STATIONARY.      PUMPING,    HOISTING,  AND    MINING    MACHINERY 

INCLUDING  BATTERIES,  AMALGAMATING  PANS  AND  SETTLERS,  CONCENTRATORS,  ORE  FEEDERS, 

CRUSHING  ROLLS  AND  ROCK  BREAKERT.    ALSO,  WATER  JACKET  SMELTING  FURNACES, 

FOR  REDUCING   LEAD,  SILVER    AND    COPPER    ORES,  QUICKSILVER    FURNACES, 

RETORTS  AND  CONDENSERS,  ROASTING  AND  CHLORIDIZING  FURNACES, 

SUGAR    MILL    MACHINERY   WATER    WHEELS,  Etc.,  ALL    OF    THE 

LATEST  AND  MOST  IMPROVED  CONSTRUCTION. 

Agents  for  the  Allen  Engine  Governor,  Bailey  Air  Compressor,  Howell's 
Improved  White  Furnaces,  "Walker's  Compound  Steam  Pumps,  Etc. 


l^Testern  Iron  "^Tox-Isls, 

316     and     318     Mission     Street,     San     Francisco, 
PERRY  EDWARDS.  Prop'r. 

Manufacturer  of  Wrought  Iron  Girders,  Trusses,   Prison   Cells,  Iron  Roofs.  Crest 
Railings,  Finials,  Fences,  Weathervanes,  Gratings,  Iron  Work  for  Models,  Etc. 

Nickel  Plated  Railings.        Bank  and  Store  Fittings.       Estimates  given  and  Iron  Work  furnished  for  Buildings. 


Take  the  Paper  that  stands  by  your  in- 
terests. 


Dewey  & Co{2°02mesI?:}Patent  Ag'ts 


Rj 

III 

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12 

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flpf 

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fffl3 

-Corner  Bp a!e  and  Howard  Sts., 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 

W.  H.  TAYLOR,  Pres't.  JOSEPH  MOORE,  Sup't. 

Builders  of  Steam  Machinery 

In  all  .its  Branches, 

Steamboat,  Steamship,  Land 

Engines  and  Boilers, 

HIGH  PRESSURE  OR  COMPOUND. 

STEAM  VESSELS,  of  all  kinds,  built  complete  with 
Hulls  of  Wood,  Iron  or  Composite, 

ORDINARY  ENGINES  compounded  when  ad- 
visable, 

STEAM  LAUNCHES,  Barges  and  Steam  Tugs  con- 
structed with  reference  to  the  Trade  in  which  they  are 
to  be  employed.  Speed,  tonnage  and  draft  of  water 
guaranteed. 

STEAM  BOILERS.  Particular  attention  given  to 
the  quality  of  the  material  and  workmanship,  and  none 
but  first-class  work  produced. 

SUGAR  MILLS  AND  SUGAR-MAKING 
MACHINERY  made  after  the  most  approved  plans, 
Also,  all  Boiler  Iron  Work  connected  therewith. 

WATER  PIPE,  of  Boiler  or  Sheet  Iron,   of  any  size 
made  in  suitable  lengths  for  connecting  together, 
sheets  rolled,  punched,  and  packed  for  shipment  ready 
to  be  riveted  on  the  ground. 

HYDRAULIC  RIVETING.  Boiler  Work  and 
Water  Pipe  made  by  this  establishment,  riveted  by 
Hydraulic  Riveting  Machinery,  that  quality  of  work 
being  far  superior  to  hand  work. 

SHIP  "WORK.  Ship  and  Steam  Capstains,  Steam 
Winches,  Air  and  Circulating  Pumps,  made  after  the 
most  approved  plans. 

PUMPS.  Direct  Acting  Pumps,  for  Irrigation  or  City 
Water  Works  purposes,  built  with  the  celebrated  Davy 
Valve  Motion,  superior  to  any  other  Pump. 


-  AT  TDK  — 


Electric  Model  &  Machine  Works 

Inventors  and  others  can  *et  First-Class 
Work  at  Moderate  Prices. 

After  10  years  experience  with  inventions  and  other 
mechanical  work,  I  am  fully  prepared  to  execute  draw- 
ings, working-models  and  fine  machinery  of  any  descrip- 
tion to  entire  satisfaction. 

Brass  Finishing,  Pattern  Making,  Gear  Cutting,  Tele- 
graphic and  other  Electrical  Apparatus  by  competent 
workmen. 

TELEPHONES   TO    ORDER. 

F.  W.  FULLER,  415  Market  Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


Main    Street    Iron    Works, 

WM.    DEACON,    PROPRIETOR. 

Nos.  131, 133  &  135  Main  St.,  San  Francisco. 

Stationary  and  Marine  Engines, 

Shafting,  Pulleys,  and  General  Machine  Work.  Jobbing 
and  repairing  done  Promptly  and  at  Lowest  Rates. 
Screw  Propellors,  Propellor  and  Steamboat  Engines. 

SAW  MILLS  and  SAW  MILL  MACHINERY. 


BERRY&PLACE 


Market,  head  of  Front  Street,  San  Francisco. 


Diamond    Drill    Co. 

The  undersigned,  owners  of  LESCHOT'S  PATENT 
for  DIAMOND  POINTED  DRILLS,  now  brought  to  the 
liiehest  state  of  perfection,  are  prepared  to  fill  orders 
for  the  IMPROVED  PROSPECTING  AND  TUNNELING 
DRILLS,  with  or  without  power,  at  short  notice,  and 
at  reduced  prices.  Abundant  testimony  furnished  of 
the  great  economy  and  successful  working  of  numerous 
machines  in  operation  in  the  quartz  and  gravel  mines 
on  this  coast.  Circulars  forwarded,  and  full  infor- 
mation given  upon  application. 

A.  J.  SEVERANCE  &  CO. 
Office,  No.  320  Sansome  street,  Room  10. 


GOLD    MINE    WANTED. 

One  now  paying  more  than  expenses.    Addres 

W.    S.    KEYES,    M.    E., 
No.  310  Pine  St.,  Room  42,   San  Francisco 


Should  con- 
sult DEWEY 
&  CO.,  Amer- 


California  Inventors 

[can  and  Fokeion  Patent  Solicitors.  Established  in 
I860.  Their  lone  experience  as  journalists  and  large  prac* 
tice  as  patent  attorneys  enables  them  to  offer  Pacific  Coast 
inventors  far  better  service  than  they  can  obtain  else- 
where. Send  for  free  circulars  of  information.  Office  of 
the  Mining  and  Scientific  Press  and  Pacific  Rural 
Press,  No.  202  Sansome  St.,  San  Francisco.  • 


May  3,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC     PRESS 


295 


THE  SAFETY  POWDER  COMPANY, 


San  Francisco,  Cal. 


CARTRIDGE. 


GEN.  W.  S.  ROSECRANS, 
President. 


Safety   Cap  and   Fuse. 


COL.  SAML  0.  GREGORY. 
Secretary. 


Fuse  Lighter  and  Fufle. 


Electric  Cap. 


Safety  Powder,  Caps,  Electric  Caps,  and  Fuse  Lighters. 

Under  a  series  of  U.  S.  Patents,  after  long  and  carefully  conducted  experiments  and  thou- 
sands of  tests,  this  Company  is  prepared  to  manufacture  and  supply,  for  Mining  and  Engineering 
Works,  the  above  named  articles  at  prices  and  on  terms  as  favorable  as  articles  <>f  similar  grades 
are  now  supplied  iu  this  market.  Our  Powders  contain  uo  Nitro-glyceriue,  no  Nitroline,  no  dun 
Cotton,  no  Fulminates,  and  are  free  from  the  unavoidable  daubers  in  manufacturing 
transporting,  handling  and  using  of  all  high  grade  explosives  which  contain  those  elements. 

Cold  does  not  affect  them.  They  ciuse  no  headaches  or  other  inconveniences  in  handling, 
and  the  smoke  from  their  explosion  contains  no  poisoning  or  sickening  vapors. 

Their  blasting  force,  with  slight  tamping,  at  least  equals  that  of  any  Powders  now  used,  but 
they  admit  and  require  strong  tamping  to  bring  out  their  immense  aud  peculiar  lifting  uower 
which  follows  their   detonating  work.     They  should  bo  fired,  therefore,  by  our 

Safety   Cap, 

Which  allows  tamping  without  danger.  They  can  be  tired  by  any  caps  now  employed  in  blasting, 
but  the  use  of  these  is  always  dangerous  with  any  Powder,  and  the  loss  of  the  throwing  power 
resulting  from  lack  of  tamping  renders  it  with  our  Powders  doubly  objectionable. 

Our  SAFETY  CAPS  have  twice  or  thrice  the  force  of  triple  Giant  Caps.  When  set  on  fire 
they  do   not  explode,   but  merely  burn  otf,  and  are  perfectly  safe  in  transporting  aud  in  tamping. 

In  round  tin  boxes,  50  cents. 

The  Safety   Fuse   Lighter, 

Cheap,  handy  and  sure  to  light  the  Fuse  upon  the  end  of  which  it  is  fastened,  only  needs  a  trial 
to  be  appreciated  by  every  miner  who  is  up  to  "snuffs."     25  Cents  per  box;  Bent  by  mail. 

Safety   Fuse, 

Equal  to  the  best  in  the  market,  will  be  supplied  at  the  lowest  market  prices. 


RUSSELL'S  AMALGAMATOR. 


2L, 


Patented  June  25lh,   1878. 


SAVE    "YOTTIR,    GOLD 
And    Also    SAVE    YOUR    QUICKSILVER. 

The  above  Washer  and  Amalgamator  with  new  patent  Wire  Bridge  Quicksilver  Boxes  attached,  can  be  worked 
wet  or  dry,  cither  by  hand,  steam,  horse  or  water  power,  and  is  easily  taken  apart  and  packed.  For  washing  Pulp, 
Earth,  Gravel,  Mill  Tailings  or  Black  Sand,  it  is  without  a  rival. 

Has  been  Thoroughly  Tested  and  given  Complete  Satisfaction. 

The  entire  Liniug,  Hanging  Plates,  Riffles  and  Boxes  Amalgamated 

IS    GUARANTEED    TO   SAVE    THE    FINEST    OR    FLOAT    GOLD. 

Capacity,  30  to  60  tons  per  day,  according  to  size.     For  further  particulars  apply  to 

J.  MORIZIO,  Gen'l  Agt., 

Room  24,  Safe  Deposit  Building,  Corner  Montgomery  and  California  Streets,   SAN  FRANCISCO- 


San   Francisco   Pioneer   Screen   Works, 

J.  W.  QUICK,  Manufacturer, 

Several  first  premiums  received 
for  Quartz  Mill  Screens,  aud  Per- 
forated Sheet  Metals  of  every 
I  description.  I  would  call  special 
atti'Ntirm  to  my  SLOT  CUT  and 
SLOT  PUNCHED  SCREENS. 
I  which  are  attracting  much  at- 
I  tention  and  giving  universal 
|  satisfaction.  This  is  the  only 
|  establishment  on  the  coast  de- 
voted exclusively  to  the  manufac- 
ture of  Screens.  Mill  owners  using  Battery  Screens  exten- 
sively can  contract  for  large  supplies  at  favorable  rates. 
Orders  solicited  and  promptly  attended  to, 

32  Fremont  Street.  San  Francisco. 


Awarded  highest  prize  nt  Centennial  Exposition  for 
rfne  chetcing  qualities  and  excellence  mid  lasting  char- 
acter of  swcetfii:ig  and  flavoring.  The  best  tobacco 
ever  made.  As  our  bine  strip  trade-murk  Is  closely 
imitated  on  Inferior  goods,  pee  thut  J^rl<noit\i  Best  is 
on  every  ping-.  Sold  by  nil  dealers.  Send  for  sample, 
free,  to  v    a.  Jackson  4  Co.,  Mfrs.,  Petersburg,  wk 

L-  &  E.  WERTHHBIMEB,  Agr'ts,  Sao  Francisco. 


THE    AMERICAN 


AH  sizes, 

and  adapted  to 

from 

3  to  BOO 

feet  heal 


THE     POOR     MAN'S     PROSPECTING 

HAND    OR    POWER    QUARTZ    STAMP    MILL. 

Two  nun  can  operate  it 
nil  day.     ItisHinplf,  elfl- 

■'  durable.  The 
foroeofthe  blow  can  bo 

»m  to  Btrlke  a 
llgbl  or  ■  Yerj  heavy  blow 

ri  wUlj  ■     'i  h />■    can 

worh  tbU  Mill  to  its  lull 
capacity,  and  do  the  work 
u  well  n*  can  be  done 

witb  anj  ol  tl Id-style 

hi  \\  Stamp  Mills.  An 
Inspection  uf  this  Machine 
Will  ooni  lure  any  practi- 
cal person  that  'it  Is  tho 
moat  perfect  Q(U1>n 
BtaHF  Mili,  c\i-r  pro- 
duced  in  this  or  any 
other  country.  A  largo 
number  of  old  practical 
Miners  Inn.-  seen  it,  and 
they  all  aaj  (it  is  a  per- 
fect Hand  Stamp  Hfll, 
W V  put  on  a  band  pulley, 
so  it  can  be  run  with 
power.  The  cut  is  a  eor- 
rocl  repn  Mutation  of  c. 
EVTON'8  Patent  LATE- 
LY PERFECTED  MILL. 

-FOR  — 

PROSPECTING 

IT  13  SIMPLY 

Perfection! 

When  power  is  need, 
esch   Stamp    will    strike 

'■"'"  U"W-  pur  minute. 
Tho  force  of  the  blow  in 
comparison  to  the  face  of 

the  stamp  (4j  inches)  is  greater  thun  that  of  any  oi  bue  uoAvy  power  Stamps.  Stamps  and  Dies  cast  on  <  hill.  These 
Machines  are  well  and  thoroughly  made,  nothing  about  them  to  get  out  of  order  They  are  put  together  with  bolts 
Can  be  taken  apart  readily,  so  as  to  be  convenient  to  puck  on  a  mule's  back.  The  whole  machine  wei"hs  about  1  300 
pounds.  The  heaviest  piece  weighs  200  lbs.  These  Mills  will  do  more  work  .according  to  money  invested)  than  ktiv 
of  the  old  heavy  stamp  Mills.    Net  Cash  Price,  $150. 

HORSE-POWER 
For   Driving  Poor  Man's  Prospecting  Quartz  Stamp  Mill. 

Tins  engraving  shows  the  Taylor  Horse-Power  usually  sold 
to  go  with  the  Quartz  Mill  named  above.  This  power  is  cheap, 
simple  and  effective  The  size  most  suitable,  taking  tho  price 
into  consideration,  is  the  heavy  one-horse  power,  cash  price, 
$.50.  These  Powers  are  sold  by  me  to  go  with  my  Mill. 
FOR    SALE    AT 

Ames'   Steam    Engine    Depot, 

14  S.  Canal  St.,  Chicago,  111. 

COLLINS    EATON. 


TURBINE 

Water  Wheels 

THE  BEST  IN  THE 
WORLD  ! 


Send  for  our  Circular 
and  Prices. 

BERRY  &  PLACE. 

Market  St. ,  Head  of  Front, 

San  Francisco. 


THE  CALIFORNIA  POWDER  WORKS. 


MANUFACTUKEltS  OF 


Sporting,  Cannon,   Mining,  Blasting  and 

HERCULES  POWDER 

HERCULES  POWDER  will  break  more  rock,  is  stronger,  safer  and  better  than  any  other 
Explosive  in  use,  and  is  the  only  Nitro-Glycerine  Powder  chemically  compounded  to  neutralize 
the  poisonous  fumes,  notwithstanding  bombastic  and  pretentious  claims  by  others. 

It  derives  its  name  from   Hercules,  the  most  famous  hero  of  Greek  Mythology,  who  was  gifled  with  superhuman 

strength.     On  one  occasion  he  slew  several  giants  who  opposed  him,  and  with  one  blow  of 

his  club  broke  a  high  mountain  from  summit  to  base. 


No.  1  (XX)  is  the  Strongest  Explosive  Known. 
No*  2  is  superior  to  any  powder  of  that  grade, 

PATENTED  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE. 

ORDERS  RECEIVED  FOR  HERCULES  CAPS  AND  FUSE. 
JOHN  F.  LOHSE,  SECY. 

Office,    No.  230  California  Street,  -  -  San  Francisco,   Cal, 


totepts 


OBTAINED  IN  U.  S.  AND  FOREIGN 
COUNTRIES;  trademarks,  labels  and  copy- 
rights registered  through  DEWEY  k  CO/9 
Mining  and  Scientific  Press  Patent 
Agency,  San  Francisco.  Send  for  free  circular 


SANDERSON  BROS.  &  OO.'S 

Best  Refined  Cast- Steel. 

Warranted  Most  Superior  for  Drills,  Hammers,  Etc. 

A  full  and   complete  stock  of  this  reliable  and  well-known 
brand  of  Steel,  for  mining  and  other  uses,  now  in  stock  and  for  sale 

At  No.  417  Market  St,  S.  F.,   ■   H.  D.  Morris,  Agent. 


PETERSON  &  0LSS0N, 
MODEL    MA2ZESIS. 

INVENTORS 

Will  find  it  to  their  advantage  to  call  on  us  at  328  BUSH 
STREET,  bet.  Montgomery  and  Kearny  (up-8tairs,)_S.  F. 


ASBESTOS     WANTED, 

OF  THE  BEST  QUALITY. 

Apply  to    WILLIAM    LETTS    OLIVER, 

328  Montgomery  St.,  San  Francisco. 


296 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[May  3,   1879. 


_A^fl£tata&S^*s '  ■La* 

fHHpBt 


Mining 


Depot, 


No.  417  Market  Street,  San  Francisco. 


NO.    7    IMPROVED 


AIR    COMPRESSOR. 


WKBL-:' 


With  Adjustable  Out-off  Poppet  Valve  Engine,  and  Forced  Iron  Crank  Shafts. 


SPECIAL    ADVANTAGES. 

Absolute  certainty  in  the  action  of  the  valves  at  any  speed.  Perfect  delivery  of  the  air  at  any 
speed  or  pressure.  The  heating  of  the  air  entirely  prevented  at  any  pressure.  Takes  less  water  to 
cool  the  air  than  any  other  Compressor. 

Power  applied  to  the  best  advantage.  Access  obtainable  to  all  the  valves  by  removing  air  chest 
covers.  Entire  absence  of  springs  or  friction  to  open  or  shut  the  valves.  No  valve  stems  to  break 
and  drop  inside  of  cylinders. 

Have  no  back  or  front  heads  to  break.  The  only  Machine  that  makes  a  perfect  diagram.  No 
expensive  foundations  required.     Absolute  economy  in  first  cost  and  after  working. 

Displacements  in  air  cylinder  perfect.  Showing  less  leakage  and  friction  than  our  competitors 
and  a  superior  economy  of  about  20  per  cent. 

Small  Sizes  made  in  Sections  not  to  Exceed  300  lbs. 


VULGAN  BLASTING  POWDER. 


The  Strongest.  Safest,  Most  Uniform  and  Reliable 
EXPLOSIVE"  Manufactured  on  the  Coast. 


HIGH 


MINERS  TESTIFY  THAT  IT  IS    FREE   FROM   OBJECTIONABLE   FUMES. 

We  call  the  attention  of  all  desiring  such  a  Powder  to  our  various  grades,  which 
we  are  prepared  to  sell  at  LOWEST  RATES. 

M*\      1   Equalling  Liquid  Nitro-Glycerine  in  Strength.    We  recommend  this 

W\jm     I  ■        Grade  in  extremely  hard  rock,  boulders,  iron,  etc. 

Kfn     O  Will  do  the  work  thoroughly  in  all  but   the   hardest   kinds    of 

ri\},  £•      rock, 

RJa     O  For   bench  work,   pipe-clay,   soft  and  shelly    rock,  outside    work 

11  Ui    %3.        ailti  quarrying. 

Single  and  Triple  Force  Caps,  Fuse  of  all  Grades,  Vulcan 

Powder  Thawing  Boxes,  Batteries  and  Exploders, 

For  Sale  at  the  Lowest  Bates. 

VULCAN    POWDER    COMPANY, 


Office,  123  California  Street,  Booms  25  and  26, 


SAN   FRANCISCO.  CAL. 


ul  Muical  Work  % 

GIOYAMINI  &   CO., 

417  and  419  Mission  Street,  -  -  SAN  FRANCISCO. 
0 

The  attention  of  our  customers  and  especially  of  those  interested  in 
Water  Works,  Gas  Works  or  Mines  is  respectfully  called  to  our  very  im- 
portant improvement  in  the  construction  of  Stop  Valves  (or  Gates).  They 
differ  from  all  others  in  that  the  inner  faces  are  perfectly  parallel,  there- 
fore when  the  Gate  or  Valve  is  to  be  opened,  at  the  first  movement  of  the 
screw  the  center  block  (see  cut)  releases  the  disks  from  their  bearings,  so 
that  they  will  move  easily  and  prevent  the  wearing  of  the  inner  faces. 

This  Gate  has  Droved  very  efficient  in  Pipes  of  all  sizes,  and  under  any 
pressure  and  from  its  double  form  and  perfect  joint  formation  is  especially 
valuable  for  use  in  large  Pipes  tor  water,  Bteam  and  gas,  and  from  its 
avoidance  of  any  wedge  shape  cannot  jam  at  any  point  (see  cut). 

The  C  at  B.  Valves  (or  Gates)  have  no  equal  in  simplicity  of  construc- 
tion of  all  working  parts,  ease  of  access  for  repairs,  and  durability. 

We  have  recently  enlarged  and  fitted  up  our  Brass  Foundry  and  Shop 
with  all  the  latest  improved  Tools  and  Machinery,  thus  greatly  increasing 
our  facilities  for  rapidly  executing  orders  for  all  sizes  of  Stop  Valves  (or 
Gates)  from  three-inch  to  four  feet  in  diameter,  or  any  size,  to  order.  We 
guarantee  them  to  give  better  satisfaction,  cost  less  money,  and  last 
longer  than  any  other  Valve  in  use. 

We  are  al  to  preoared  to  execute  all  orders  in  Brass  Work  for  Breweries 
Distilleries,  Plumbers,  Gas  aud  Mining  Apparatus,  Ship  Work,  Soda  Ap- 
paratus, Steam  Fittings,  Meters,  Gauges  and  Indicators.  Also  in  Machine 
Pattern  and  Model  Making,  and  Clock  Work.  Gear  cut  to  order.  Brass 
Castings  of  all  kiudB.  We  are  confident  of  our  ability,  and  all  orders  en- 
trusted to  us  will  be  executed  with  promptness  and  dispatch. 

GIOVANNINI  &  CO.,  417  &  419  Mission  St.,  S.  F. 
Liberal  Discount  to  the  Trade.  £STSend  for  Circular. 


PATENT 


m  rail 

Prevents  Lead  Poisoning 
and  Salivation. 


N.    W.    SPAULDING-'S 


PATENT   DETACHABLE  TOOTH    SAWS, 

Manfuactory.  17  &  19  Fremont  St.,  S.  F. 


This  paper  ts  printed  with  Ink  furnished  by 
Chas.  Eneu  Johnson  &  Co.,  509  South  10th 
St.,  Philadelphia  &;69  Gold  St.,  N.  Y. 


WANTED-$10,000. 

For  310,000  cash  in  hand  I  will  give  a  one-half  interest 
in  the  BLUE  JAY  and  ELEPHANT  QUARTZ  mines, 
situated  in  the  French  Creek  Mining-  District,  Siskiyou 
County,  Cal.  And  I  will  take  or  give  a  lease  on  said 
mines,  and  pay  or  receive  eight  per  cent,  on  the  amount 
invested.  For  further  particulars  apply  to  H.  C.  Cory, 
Etna  Mills,  Siskiyou  County,  California. 


C.  C.  Bitner'3  Apparatus  for  Obtaining-  Met- 
allic Copper  from  its  Solutions. 

Patented  March  18th,  1879.  Will  precipitate  with  steam  in 
three  hours,  requiring  no  machinery  to  run  it.  Cost  of  con- 
structing apparatus,  S75.  The  old  cylinder  process  takes 
four  hours  to  precipitate  and  costs  from  §1,200  to  §1,500  to 
construct,  besides  the  machiueiy  to  run  it.  For  right  to  use 
my  Precipitator  address  C.  C.  BITNER,  Spenceville,  Ne- 
vada County,  California. 


FOR  SALE.—  16-horse  Engine  8-inch  by  16-inch 
bore,  with  20-horse  boiler.  Hot  water  pump.  Every- 
thing necessary  to  set  it  to  running.  Price,  $1,000.  At 
Jackson's  Agricultural  Machine  Works,  S.  E.  corner  6th 
and  Bluxome  Ste.,  San  Francisco. 


Dewey  &  Co  {2°2mestt:}  Patent  Ag'ts 


INVALUABLE  to  those  engaged  in  Dry  Crushing 
Quartz  Mills,  Quicksilver  Mines,  Guano 
Works,  White  Lead  Corroding-,  Feeding 
Threshing-  Machines  and  all  occupations  where  the 
surrounding  atmosphere  is  filled  with  dust,  obnoxious 
smells  or  poisonous  vapors.  The  Respirators  are  sold 
subject  to  approval  after  trial,  and  if  not  satisfactory  the 
price  will  be  refunded.  Prico  $3  each,  or  $30  per 
dozen.    Sent  post-paid  to  any  address  upon  receipt  of  price 

SETH  MARSHALL,  Jr.,  Agent, 

309  California  Street,   San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Send  for  Descriptive  Circulars  containing  testimonials 
of  well-known  parties  who  are  at  present  using  them. 


MANUFACTURED  UNDER  A.    NOBEL'S  ORIGINAL  AND  ONLY  VALID  NITRO-GLYCERINE  PATENTS 

Nos.  ONE,    TWO    and    THREE. 
Stronger,    Better  and  Safer  than  any  other  High  Explosive. 

Judson    [Powder 


IS  NOW  USED  IN  ALL  LARGE  HYDRAULIC  CLAIMS. 

It  breaks  more  ground,  pulverizes  it  better,  saves  time  and  money,  and  is    superseding 
powder  wherever  it  is  tried.    jISTTriple  Force  Caps  and  all  Grades  of  Fuse. 


BANDMANN,    NIELSEN    &    CO., 


the    ordinary 

San  Francisco. 


Testimonials  as  to  the  perfect 
■working  of  the  Concentrator  to  he 
seen  at  the-  office. 


The  FRUE  ORE  CONCENTRATOR. 

Adams  &  Carter,  Agents. 

JOHN    M.    ADAMS.  WM.     F.    CABTEB. 

MINING  AND  MECHANICAL  ENGINEERS. 

Room  7,   No.  109    California  St.,  San  Francisco.    P.  O.  Box  2,06 


GARDNERS' 


These  Steam  Governors   have   long 
been  known  as  THE  BEST,  and 
as  lately  Improved  and  Per- 
fected, they  have  no  Rival. 

THE    SAFETY    STOP 

On  these  Governors  is  alone  worth  double  the  price  of 
the  Governor.    We  have  sold  over  six  hundred,  and 

Never  one  has  Failed. 

They  are  sold  at  the  same  price  (or  less)  as  ordinary 
Governors.    Send  for  Circular. 

BERRY   &' PLACE, 

Market,  head  of  Front  St.,  San  Francisco 


Books  for  Miners  and   Millmen. 


Kumtel's  Roasting  of  Gold  and  Silver  Ores,  and 
the  extraction  of  their  respective  metals  without  quicksilver. 
Illustrated.  142  pages.  1870.  A  valuable  and  carefully 
written  work.  Postpaid,  §2.50.  Published  and  sold  by 
Dewey  &  Co.,  S.  F. 

Kustel's  Concentration  of  Ores  (of  all  kinds),  incltt 
ding  the  Chlorination  Process  for  gold-bearing  sulphurets, 
ardeniurets,  and  gold  and  silver  ores  generally,  with  120 litho- 
graphic diagrams.  1867.  This  work  is  unequaled  by  any 
other  published  embracing  the  subjects  treated.  Post-paid, 
S7.50.    Printed  and  sold  by  Dewey  &  Co.,  S.  F. 

Phillips'  Explorers,  Miners  and  Metallurgists 
Companion,  comprising  a  practical  exposition  of  the  various 
departments  of  exploration,  mining,  engineering,  assaying 
and  metallurgy.  682  pages  and  83  illustrations.  4  most 
valuable  and  comprehensive  book  of  reference  to  prospectors 
and  practical  miners.  Post-paid,  $10.50.  Published  and 
sold  by  Dewey  &  Co.,  S.  F. 

A*ron's  Tssting  and  Working  Silver  Ores.— Illus- 
trated. 114  pages.  1876.  A  useful  and  practical  work,  free 
from  technicalities  and  extremely  serviceable  for  miners'  use. 
Post-paid,  §2.    Published  and  sold  by  Dewey  &  Co.,  S.  F. 

Copp'a  Handbook  of  Minino  Laws.— Containing  the 
U.  S.  Mining  Laws,  Digest  of  Decisions,  Forms,  eta  1877. 
Pocket  size  and  very  handy  and  convenient  for  miners. 
Post-paid,  SI.    Sold  by  Dewey  &  Co.,  S.  F. 


Knight's  Water  Wheel. 

The  large  number  of  these  Wheels  now  in  use  is  the  best 
guarantee  that  they  possess  the  superiority  accorded  them. 
Theynever  fail  to  give  satisfaction.  For  sale  by  AL  MARIN 
B.  PAUL,  Agent,  Room  20,  Safe  Deposit  Building,  S.  F. 


An  111  a  sir  a 


3Y    JOKWKY    At    OO. 
PubllMliers. 


SAN  FRANCISCO,  SATURDAY,  MAY  10,  1879. 


VOL.T/ME    3tX3CVIII 

Number     l&. 


Terrace  Canyons  and  Cliffs. 

In  Powell's  "Exploration  of  the  Colorado 
River  of  the  West,"  occurs  the  following  de- 
scription of  the  Terrace  canyons  which  are  cut 
through  three  great  inclined  plateaus:  "Con- 
ceive of  three  great  geographic  terraces,  many 
hundred  feet  high,  and  many  miles  in  width, 
forming  a  great  Btairway  from  the  Toom-pin 
Wunear  Tu-weap,  below,  to  the  the  valley  of 
the  Uinta,  above.  The  lower  step  of  this 
stairway,  the  Orange  cliff's,  is  more  than  1,200 
feet  high,  and  the  step  itself  is  two  or  three 
score  miles  in  width.  The  second  Btep,  the 
Book  cliffs,  is  2,000  or  more  feet  high,  and  a 
score  of  miles  in  width.  The  third  or  upper 
step,  is  more  than  2,000  feet  high.  Passing 
along  this  step,  for  two  or  three  score  miles,  we 
reach  the  valley  of  the  Uinta,  but  this  valley  is 
not  5.000  or  G.000  feet  higher  than  the  Toom- 
pin  Wunear  Tu-wmp,  for  the  stairway  is  tipped 
backward. 

"Climb  the  Orange  cliffs  1,200  feet  high,  and 
go  north  to  the  foot  of  the  Book  cliffs,  and  you 
Dave  gradually  descended  so  that  at  the  foot  of 
the  Bi>ok  cliffs  you  are  not  more  than  100  feet 
above  the  foot  of  the  Orange  cliffs.  In  like 
mauner  the  foot  of  the  TJrown  cliffs  is  but  200 
feet  higher  than  the  foot  of  the  Book  cliffs,  and 
the  valley  of  the  Uinta  is  not  quite  300  feet 
higher  than  the  Brown  cliffs. 

"To  go  by  land  from  the  valley  of  the  White 
River  to  the  Toom-pin  Wunear  Tu-xceap,  you 
must  gradually,  almost  imperceptibly  climb  as 
you  pass  to  the  south,  for  40  or  50  miles,  until 
you  attain  an  altitude  of  2,500  or  3,000  feet 
above  the  starting  point.  Then  you  descend 
from  the  first  terrace,  by  an  abrupt  step,  to  a 
lower  one.  Still  continuing  to  the  south  you 
gradually  climb  again,  until  you  attain  an  alti- 
tude of  more  than  1,000  feet,  when  you  arrive 
at  the  brink  of  another  cliff,  aud  descend 
abruptly  to  the  top  of  the  lowest  terrace.  Still 
extending  your  travels  in  the  same  direction, 
you  climb  gradually  for  a  third  time,  until  you 
reach  the  brink  of  the  third  line  of  cliffs,  or  the 
edge  of  the  escarpment  of  the  lower  terrace, 
and  here  you  descend  by  another  sudden  step 
to  the  plane  of  the  river,  the  upper  terrace 
through  the  Canyon  of  Desolation,  the  middle 
terrace  through  Gray  canyon,  and  the  third 
through  Labyrinth  canyon. 

"The  bird's-eye  view,  shown  on  this  page,  is 
intended  to  show  these  topographic  features. 
The  escarpment  below,  in  the  foreground, 
represents  the  Orange  cliffs,  at  the  foot  of  Lab- 
yrinth canyon;  the  second  escarpment,  the 
Book  cliffs,  at  the  foot  of  Gray  canyon;  the 
third,  away  in  the  distance,  the  Brown  cliffs,  at 
the  foot  of  the  Canyon  of  Desolation.  It  will 
be  seen  that  the  three  tables  incline  to  the 
north,  and  are  abruptly  terminated  by  cliffs  on 
the  south.  For  want  of  space  the  whole  view 
is  shortened.  In  the  three  canyons  there  are 
three  distinct  Beries  of  beds,  belonging  to  three 
distinct  geological  periods.  In  the  Canyon  of 
Desolation  we  have  tertiary  sandstones;  in 
Gray  canyon,  cretaceous  sandstones,  shale  and 
limestone ;  between  the  head  of  Labyrinth 
canyon  and  the  foot  of  Gray  canyon,  rocks  of 
cretaceous  and  Jurassic  age  are  found,  but  they 
are  soft,  and  have  not  withstood  the  action  of 
water  bo  as  to  form  a  canyon.  These  forma- 
tions differ  not  only  in  geological  age,  but  also 
in  structure  and  color." 

Mr.  Powell  has  a  technical  description  of 
these  terraces,  with  their  geological  peculiarities, 
somewhat  in  detail.  Deductions  are  drawn 
from  their  formation  also  by  Prof.  Le  Confce  in 
hia  recent  work  on  Geology,  published  by 
Appleton  &  Co.,  of  New  York,  in  either  of 
which  works  the  reader  who  ia  interested  may 
find  further  details. 

Parties  have  left  Portland,  Oregon,  for  the 
head  of  navigation  on  the  Columbia  river  to 
commence  the  preliminary  survey  for  the  con- 
struction of  the  Northern  Pacific  railroad  from 
that  point  eastward. 


No  Cause  for  Alarm. 

We  alluded  not  long  since  to  the  fears  enter- 
tained  by  some  of  great  disasters  likely  to  at- 
tend the  perihelion  passage  of  the  four  great 
planets  about  to  occur.  These  fears  we  at- 
tempted to  show  were  not  only  groundless,  but 
absurd,  the  failure  of  many  similar  predictions 
having  been  cited  in  support  of  this  view  of  the 
matter.  On  the  subject  of  these  threatened  ills, 
C.  C.  Blake,  a  well-known  American  astronomer, 
publishes  a  long  article  in  an  Illinois  paper,  in 
which  he  demonstrates  the  influence  of  these 
planets  upon  our  earth  to  be  so  infinitely  small 
that  we  need  apprehend  no  malefic  effects  there- 


were  again  in  coincidence  in  1856",  another  year 
exempt  from  baleful  influences  and  bloody 
events.  If  all  the  planets  in  the  solar  system 
were  to  pass  their  perihelion  at  one  time  and  all 
in  the  same  heliocentric  longitude,  such  a  con- 
junction would  have  no  appreciable  effect  upon 
the  climate  or  inhabitants  of  our  globe.  Doubt- 
less persons  who  have  been  giving  way  to  fears 
about  these  planetary  movements,  may  safely 
dismiss  the  same. 


Co-operative  Colony  Association. — We  no- 
tice that  a  movement  has  been  set  on  foot  in 
New  York  city  in  the  organization  of  a  Co-op- 
erative Colony  Aid  Association,  to  assist  worthy 
families  of  workingmen  to  homes  in  the  West. 
An  Executive  Committee  has  been  chosen,  em- 


The  publishers  of  the  Revolution  Francais,  in 
Paris  have  been  condemned  to  three  months 
imprisonment  and  to  pay  a  fine  of   1,000  francs. 

Cholera  is  causing  great  mortality  in  India. 


BIRD'S-EYE    VIEW    OF    TERRACE    CANYONS. 


from.  He  evon  shows  the  very  data  upon  which 
these  alarming  predictions  are  based  to  be  grossly 
and  strangely  inaccurate. 

In  the  first  place,  astronomers,  in  computing 
the  perihelion  of  Neptune,  differ  as  much  as 
seven  years  as  to  the  time  when  that  event  will 
occur.  In  regard  to  the  perihelion  of  Uranus, 
these  authorities  are  not  agreed  whether  it  will 
take  place  in  1881  or  1882.  Saturn  will  not  be 
in  conjunction  with  the  sun  until  the  latter  part 
of  1885,  when  the  era  of  these  dire  calamities 
will  be  past  and  over.  Jupiter,  the  largest 
planet  in  our  system,  being  1,387  times  as  large 
as  the  earth,  will  pass  its  perihelion  point  in 
September,  1880.  These  great  orbs  in  this 
matter  of  coincidence  will,  in  fact,  not  act  at 
all  conjointly.  Even  if  they  were  to  do  bo  no 
great  harm  would  follow.  The  perihelion  of 
Jupiter,  Saturn  and  Uranus  all  occurred  in 
1797,  and  yet  that  year  was  not  distinguished 
for  famine,  tempests,  plagues,  or  other  great 
disaster.     The  perihelia  of  Jupiter  and  Saturn 


bracing  the  following:  Charles  F.  Deems,  B. 
Heber  Newton,  Felix  Adler,  Joseph  Seligman, 
Courtlandt  Palmer,  E.  V.  Smalley,  C.  F.  Win- 
gate,  Dr.  Rylance,  and  George  Saterlee._  The 
plan  is  to  put  the  advantages  of  colonization 
before  the  people,  to  aid  such  as  are  willing  to 
go,  if  possible,  and  that  eventually,  if  deemed 
advisable,  the  Association  should  take  the  form 
of  a  joint  stock  concern. 

Time  1 — As  the  Manhattan  mine  at  Austin, 
Nev.,  is  now  turning  out  bullion  freely,  is  it  not 
about  time  the  shareholders  should  be  receiving 
some  dividends  again?  The  Manhattan  mill 
produced  last  week  $17,819  from  98  tons  of  ore. 

The  House  Committee  to  inquire  into  the 
cause  of  the  present  depression  of  labor  in 
California  will  leave  for  California  July  15tht 

Deposits  of  tin  ore  are  said  to  have  been 
found  lately  along  the  foothills  in  Fresno  county. 


New  Form  of  Stamp-Mill, 

Charles  S.  Stanchfield,  of  Oakland,  has  re- 
cently patented  through  the  Mining  and  Sci- 
entific Press  Patent  Agency  an  ore  mill  of  a 
new  form.  It  consists  in  forming  on  a  hollow 
shaft,  journaled  to  one  side  of  the  center  of  an 
evolute  or  ecccntrio  case  or  mortar,  a  series  of 
hollow  guides,  properly  bushed  and  lined,  in 
each  of  which  plays  loosely  a  Btamp,  which 
strikes  a  blow  as  the  shaft  is  rotated.  These 
guides  being  attached  to  the  shaft  at  right 
angles  and  the  stamps  playing  loosely  in  them, 
the  Btamps  are  free  to  move  out  of  the  guides 
from  either  end  and  can  strike  two  blows  for 
each  revolution  of  the  shaft. 

The  mortar  being  made  of  an  evolute  or  eo- 
centric  form,  after  the  stamps  strike  their  blow, 
they  slide  up  the  incline  or  curve,  grinding  or 
pulverizing  the  ore  as  they  move,  until  they 
reach  suitable  ribs  which  free  the  stamps  from 
any  rock  that  may  have  been  carried  up  in  the 
outward  movement.  At  this  point  gravity  be- 
gins to  act  and  the  stamp  falls  the  other  way 
and  crushes  the  ore,  Baid  operation  being  re- 
peated. Water  is  fed  to  the  mortar  through 
the  hollow  shaft  and  guides,  thereby  lubricating 
the  stamp  stems  and  keeping  them  free  from 
grit. 

The  dies  are  made  of  curved  plates  which  are 
removable.  As  many  stamps  may  be  placed 
in  the  shaft  as  practicable,  and  they  are  set  so 
as  to  have  a  regular  interval  between  the  drop. 
As  the  stamps  slide  freely  on  the  guides,  when 
the  shaft  is  rotated  at  proper  speed,  said  stamps 
slide  or  drop  consecutively  on  the  ore  just  as  it 
reaches  the  dies  under  the  feed  opening.  This 
crushes  the  ore  and  as  the  stamps  are  carried 
around  by  the  rotation  of  the  shaft,  the  shoes 
slide  along  the  dies  and  further  pulverize  or 
grind  the  ore.  The  mortar  or  case  being  made 
in  an  eccentric  or  evolute  form,  and  the  shaft 
being  journaled  at  one  side  of  the  center,  as 
each  stamp  slideB  along  on  the  dies,  it  gradually 
curves  further  out  of  the  guides,  centrifugal 
force  keeping  it  in  close  contact  with  the  ore 
on  the  dies.  Before  the  time,  however,  that  it 
reacheB  a  horizontal  position,  the  pressure  grad- 
ually decreases  and  the  shoe  slides  off  the  dies 
on  to  a  rib.  Ab  the  stamp  Blides  on  to  this, 
any  ore  which  may  have  accumulated  on  the 
shoe  will  fall  back  on  to  the  dies  again. 

The  instant  the  stamp  passes  a  horizontal  po- 
sition, gravitation  will  cause  it  to  slide  or  drop 
in  the  other  direction  and  out  of  the  other  end 
of  the  guide,  giving  another  blow  upon  the 
quartz  on  the  dies.  Each  stamp  therefore 
strikes  two  blows  for  each  revolution  of  the 
stamp. 

The  water  admitted  to  the  hollow  shaft  is 
ejected  through  the  guides,  around  the  stamp, 
going  first  out  of  one  end  Of  the  guide  and  then 
out  of  the  other,  as  each  end  is  pointed  down* 
wards.  This  action  not  only  furnishes  water  to 
the  battery  but  also  serves  to  lubricate  the 
stamp  stem,  and  wash  off  any  grit  or  sand  from 
the  stamp.  The  steel  bushing  inside  the  guide, 
and  in  which  the  Btamp  slides,  ia  made  remov- 
able, so  as  to  be  changed  when  worn. 

The  rotation  of  the  shaft  is  intended  to  be  rapid 
enough  to  carry  the  stamps  almost  to  a  vertical 
line  before  they  strike  their  blows,  and  each 
blow  will  therefore  be  struck  at  the  point 
where  ore  drops  on  the  dies.  The  grinding  ac- 
tion of  the  Btamp  as  it  moves  over  the  dies  is 
the  same  as  that  of  the  drag  of  an  arastra, 
which  pulverizes  the  ore  after  the  first  crush- 
ing blow,  much  the  same  as  that  of  an  ordinary 
stamp. 

The  shaft  is  mounted  on  adjustable  journals 
so  as  to  regulate  the  amount  of  drop  to  the 
stamps.  In  case  of  dry  crushing,  a  blast  of  air 
may  be  forced  through  the  hollow  shaft  instead 
of  water,  and  the  grit  kept  out  of  the  bushing 
by  that  means. 

It  is  now  by  many  believed  that  it  is  the  in- 
tention of  Jay  Gould  to  extend  the  Utah  & 
Northern  railroad  into  Oregon,  the  objective 
point  being  on  the  Columbia  river,  and  thus 
making  this  road  an  important  feeder  of  the 
Union  Pacific. 

Dtoing  the  late  outbreak  in  Panama  35 
persons  were  killed  in  the  streets, 


298 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[May  10,  1879. 


CORRESPONDENCE. 


We  admit,  unendorsed,  opinions  of  correspondents. — Eds, 


Letter  from  Tuolumne  County. 

A  Slight  Revival  of  Mining-Old  Things 
Passing  Away. 
Editors  Press  :— After  a  long  and  what  for 
a  time  seemed  a  losing  fight,  quartz  mining  in 
Tuolumne  has  been  brought  upon  a  self-sup" 
porting  and  in  some  cases  dividend-paying  basis. 
That  this  struggle  should  have  been  so  pro- 
longed and  the  issue  for  a  time  involved  in  so 
much  doubt  has  not  been  the  fault  of  the  mines 
nor  yet  wholly  of  the  management.  The  main 
causes  have  laid  back  of  these.  From  the  first 
a  large  element  of  our  population  has  consisted 
of  those  idle,  shiftless  sort  of  people,  who  will 
work  only  under  the  stimulus  of  big  pay,  such 
as  cannot  now  easily  be  made,  or  the  force  of 
sheer  necessity.  Our  pioneer  miners  were  of  a 
mongrel  kind,  made  up  in  good  part  of  Mexi- 
cans, Texans  and  Kanakas,  with  a  large  sprink- 
ling of  gamblers  and  other  mere  adventurers, 
attracted  at  first  to  these  diggings,  where  money 
being  easily  made  was  readily  spent.  So  long  as 
the  rich  surface  placers  lasted  all  went  well. 
But  since  they  were  worked  out,  or  nearly  so, 
things  have  undergone  a  change.  To  make 
money  now  requires  economy  and  hard  work. 
Bat  we  have  many  of  these  thriftless  sort  of 
persons  with  us  still.  They  form  a  majority  of 
our  working  population — or  rather  I  should  say 
of  the  people  who  ought  to  work,  which  they 
will  not;  unless,  as  before  stated,  they  can  get 
"  '49 "  wages  or  are  compelled  by  hunger. 
When  hard  up  these  make-shifts  gouge  out  a 
little  rich  ore  from  their  quartz  lodes  and  pound 
it  up  in  hand  mortars,  pan  and  crevice  about  in 
the  summer  and  practice  sluice  washing  and 
ground  sluicing  in  the  winter  when  they  have 
cheap  or  free  water,  and  in  this  way  manage  to 
keep  soul  and  body  together. 

It  has  been  their  practice  to  take  up  mines 
and  mining  ground  and,  doing  only  work  enough 
to  hold  them,  hang  on  year  after  year  unable  to 
develop  and  unwilling  to  sell  them  at  any 
reasonable  price,  thereby  keeping  out  live  men, 
discouraging  investments  and  retarding  the  pro- 
gress of  the  country  generally.  Even  those  of 
the  earlier  settlers  who  have  undertaken  to  open 
and  outfit  their  claims  have,  as  a  general  rule, 
done  so  in  such  a  halting,  inefficient  sort  of 
way  as  has  failed  to  bring  profit  to  themselves 
or  help  advance  the  mining  interests  of  the 
county.  And  so  old  Tuolumne  has  been,  until 
quite  recently,  kept  under  a  cloud;  her  mines 
worked  without  energy  or  system;  her  mills 
shut  down,  and  the  water,  that  should  have 
been  employed  in  gravel  washing,  suffered  to 
run  to  waste. 

Within  the  past  year  or  two  this  condition  of 
things  has  begun  to  change,  the  progress  of 
quartz  mining  especially  having,  for  the  last 
few  months,  been  very  marked.  The  old 
Soulsby  mine,  with  its  early  brilliant  history 
and  subsequent  mishaps,  is  coming  to  the  front 
again  in  a  way  that  promises  to  place  it  soon  in 
the  most  forward  rank  of  our  productive  proper- 
ties, if  it  do  not  eclipse  its  early  fame.  The 
five-stamp  mill  lately  put  up  on  the  Keltz  mine 
has  since  been  running  with  such  good  results 
that  the  five  additional  stamps,  for  which  power 
has  been  provided,  are  at  once  to  be  put  in 
place.  On  the  Harris  mine,  near  Jamestown, 
a  new  ten-stamp  mill  has  been  put  up  and  is 
running  to  satisfaction,  the  old  mill  on  this 
property  having  been  burnt  down  some  years 
ago.  The  new  ten-stamp  mill  on  the  Evans 
mine  is  also  doing  first-rate  work.  The  mill  on 
the  Mount  Jefferson  lode,  at  Garrote,  has  also 
lately  been  started  up,  with  the  prospect  of 
entering  on  a  long  career  of  success,  as  the 
mine  of  that  company,  after  having  been  put  in 
good  shape  under  the  new  management,  is 
showing  up  a  splendid  body  of  rich  ore.  The 
improved  outlook  for  the  Mount  Jefferson  has 
encouraged  to  a  renewal  of  prospecting  on  other 
quartz  ledges  in  that  neighborhood;  and,  as  a 
result,  several  rich  finds  are  reported.  Touch- 
ing the  value  of  the  quartz  veins  about  Gar- 
rote  there  has  never  been  any  question,  but 
they  have  mostly  been  owned  by  parties  of 
limited  means,  and  have  therefore  never  been 
thoroughly  explored.  This  town  will  now  take 
a  new  start,  and  shortly  grow  into  an  important 
quartz  mining  center. 

Several  of  our  hydraulic  mines  are  now  being 
run  with  a  fuU  head  of  water,  this  branch  of 
gold  washing  being  more  active  than  ever  be- 
fore. Some  of  the  old  tunnels  run  in  this 
vicinity  under  Table  mountain  years  ago  and 
afterwards  abandoned,  are  being  reopened  by 
parties  who  have  both  the  will  and  means  to 
thoroughly  explore  the  auriferous  channels  that 
are  known  to  run  under  these  basaltic  mesas. 
If  they  succeed  in  getting  into  and  draining 
these  buried  rivers,  their  reward  is  certain. 
More  gold  wUl  be  taken  out  in  Tuolumne  this 
year  than  last,  and  the  bullion  product  of  the 
county  will  hereafter  steadily  increase. 

Old  Settler. 

The  Utah  and  Northern  is  to  be  extended 
another  100  miles  by  the  Union  Pacific  this 
year,  which  will  be  a  total  distance  of  280 
miles,  bringing  it  over  the  divide  70  miles  from 
Snake  river. 


Volcanoes  of  the  Pacific  Coast. 

The  forthcoming  "Journal  for  1877,"  of  the 
American  Geographical  Society,  will  be  full  of 
interest  for  the  scientific  public.  Its  first  art- 
icle, by  S.  F.  Emmons,  of  the  Survey  of  the 
Fortieth  Parallel,  is  a  graphic,  but  modestly 
told  narrative  of  an  achievement  of  which  any 
mountaineer  might  be  proud,  and  is  full  of 
novel  information.  Its  title  is  the  '  *  Volcanoes 
of  the  Pacific  Coast;"  but  the  real  story  is  of 
an  ascent  of  Mount  Rainier,  whose  magnificent, 
snow-covered  peak  dominates  Vancouver,  from 
an  altitude  of  14,144  feet.  The  writer  of  this 
paragraph  has  heard  Mr..  A.  D.  Wilson,  the 
companion  of  Mr.  Emmons,  in  that  perilous 
ascent,  recount,  by  camp-fires  in  Wyoming,  the 
toils  and  dangers  of  the  expedition;  and  recog- 
nizes in  this  vividly-written  history  the  fit  pre- 
sentment of  a  remarkable  enterprise.  This 
adventurous  part  of  the  essay  we  can  only  re- 
fer to. 

In  relation  to  .the  volcanoes  of  the  west,  Mr. 
Emmons  considers  that  in  the  tertiary  times  the 
great  interior  basins,  between  the  Rocky  moun- 
tains and  the  Sierra  Nevada,  must  frequently 
have  been  the  scene  of  terrific  volcanic  action. 
In  the  upper  basin  of  the  Columbia  and  Snake 
rivers,  tens  of  thousands  of  square  miles  were 
covered  by  continuous  sheets  of  volcanic  rocks, 
often  many  feet  in  thickness.  As  the  massive 
eruptions  of  volcanic  material  gradually  ceased, 
and  the  gaping  fissures  in  the  earth's  surface 
healed  and  were  covered  over,  we  may  imagine 
along  the  western  coast  of  that  time  a  line  of 
volcanic  vents,  like  beacon  fires,  lighting  up  the 
rocky  headlands,  from  which  issued  almost  con- 
tinuous clouds  of  steam  and  sulphurous  gases, 
accompanied  by  frequent  showers  of  rocks  and 
ashes  and  outflows  of  hot  lava,  which  gradu- 
ally built  up,  around  the  orifices,  immense 
mountain  masses.  At  what  time  these  erup- 
tions ceased,  we  have  no  means  of  determining. 
In  the  cold',  white  glacier- scored  peaks,  the 
casual  observer  would  scarcely  suspect  these 
ancient  fiery  mountains;  yet,  even  now,  there 
slumbers  within  their  mass  a  spark  of  the 
ancient  fire,  which  may  some  day  break  forth 
into  conflagration.  Through  the  crest  of  the 
Cascade  range  extends  the  American  segment 
of  that  "Ring  of  Fire,"  which  surrounds  the 
Pacific  ocean.  The  more  prominent  of  the  vol- 
canic cones  represented  here  are  Lassen's  Peak 
and  Mt.  Shasta,  in  northern  California;  Mt. 
Pitt,  the  Three  Sisters,  Mt.  Jefferson  and  Mt. 
Hood,  in  Oregon;  and  St.  Helena,  Adams, 
Rainier  and  Baker,  in  Washington  Territory. 
Along  the  Sierra  Nevada  proper,  which  was 
lifted  above  the  sea  long  before  tertiary  times, 
volcanic  activity  has  been  confined  to  a  few 
small  volcanic  vents  along  its  eastern  base,  near 
Mono  lake,  and  to  flows  of  basaltic  lava  on  its 
western  slopes,  which  have,  in  many  instances, 
covered  the  gold-bearing  gravels  of  the  late 
tertiary  times.  In  the  midst  of  the  lake  is  a 
small  island,  which  contains  a  crater  and 
abounds  in  hot  springs,  while  to  the  south  of  it 
extends  a  line  of  volcanic  craters,  forming  a  low 
ridge,  relatively  unimportant  by  the  side  ot  the 
towering  Sierras,  but  extremely  remarkable  as 
being  the  only  place  where  the  black  glass, 
known  as  obsidian,  so  much  prized  by  the  In- 
dians for  making  their  arrow-heads,  is  known 
to  occur  in  considerable  quantity.  Small  frag- 
ments may  be  found  in  almost  any  portion  of 
the  Rocky  mountain  region,  often  hundreds  of 
miles  distant.  The  craters  are  generally  sur- 
rounded by  a  "cinder-cone,"  or  a  circular,  ram- 
part-like ridge  of  loose  scoriae  and  volcanic  ash, 
within  which  are  piled  up  irregular  masses  of 
black  and  gray  glass  and  white  frothy  pumice, 
the  latter  so  light  as  to  float  on  water,  and  often 
drawn  out  in  silky  threads,  like  spun  glass. 

To  the  technical  geologist,  Lassen's  Peak  is, 
perhaps,  the  most  interesting  of  all;  it  was  iu 
its  study  that  Von  Richtofen  gathered  the  most 
important  facts  which  led  to  his  classification  of 
the  relative  ages  of  volcanic  rocks.  Here  are 
found  places  of  long-continued  volcanic  activity, 
remnants  of  ancient  craters  formed  and  de- 
stroyed ages  ago.  To  the  original  andesitic 
eruptions  have  succeeded  those  of  trachyte  and 
rhyolite;  the  latter  in  the  remarkable  granitic 
form  known  as  nevadite,  the  masses  of  which, 
in  cooling,  have  shrunk  and  split  up  in  the  most 
remarkable  manner,  resulting  in  a  confused  re- 
gion of  riven  rock-masses,  to  which  the  appro- 
priate name  of  chaos  has  been  given.  The  final 
flows  have  been  of  basalt,  which  rock  has  cov- 
ered such  immense  extents  of  country  to  the 
north  and  east.  Indications  of  the  internal  heat 
still  remaining,  at  no  great  depth  beneath  the  sur- 
face, are  found  in  its  solfataras  and  hot  springs, 
from  which  there  is  a  constant  escape  of  sul- 
phurous gases  and  steam;  these  are  concentrated 
in  the  basin  of  an  old  crater,  christened  in  th« 
characteristic  Californian  vernacular,  Bummer's 
Hell.  Here,  also  are  found  the  so-called  "mud 
volcanoes;"  little  conical  mounds  only  a  few  feet 
in  hight,  with  a  central  orifice,  from  which 
from  time  to  time  are  thrown  out  masses  of 
soft,  wet  mud;  within  them  a  constant  rum- 
bling, like  subdued  thunder,  may  be  heard  at 
all  times;  and,  by  plugging  up  the  orifice,  an 
artificial  eruption  may,  after  a  short  interval  be 
produced,  and  the  plug  will  be  thrown  out  with 
great  force. 

Shasta  is  another  old  volcano,  and  northeast 
of  it  are  immense  tracts  of  country,  covered  by 
flows  of  basaltic  rock.  Broad  stretches  of  table- 
topped  ridges  are  cut  through  in  every  direction 
by  an  intricate  network  of  narrow  gorges  and 
ravines,  abounding  in  natural  fortresses  and 
caves,  and  traversed  by  streams,  which  fre- 
quently disappear  for  distances  of  many  miles 


pear  in  a  most  unexpected  manner.  It  was  in 
such  "lava-beds,"  that  during  the  late  Modock 
war,  a  mere  handful  of  Indians  were  able  by 
their  intimate  knowledge  of  the  intricacies  of 
the  region,  to  hold  at  bay  the  whole  military 
force  that  could  be  brought  against  them. 

East  of  Mt.  Pitt  are  numerous  lakes,  which 
are  probably  fed  largely  from  springs  issuing 
from  the  volcanic  rocks.  Most  interesting  among 
these  is  Crater  lake,  which  fills  an  ancient 
crater  about  eight  miles  in  diameter.  Its  walls 
rise  from  500  to  1,500  feet  above  the  level  of 
the  lake,  and  it  is  difficult  to~  reach  the  shores 
without  the  aid  of  ropes.  The  showers  of  ashes 
which  once  issued  from  this  crater  can  easily  be 
traced  by  the  peculiar  character  of  the  soil,  for 
a  distance  of  about  28  miles  east  and  10  west  of 
the  lake. 

In  the  region  of  the  Columbia  river,  which 
presents  some  of  the  grandest  and  most  pictur- 
esque scenery  of  the  United  States,  the  volcanic 
phenomena,  both  of  massive  eruptions  and  of 
crater  cones,  attain  an  enormous  development, 
and  can  be  seen  under  most  favorable  circum- 
stances. This  river,  which  drains  an  area  of 
nearly  200,000  square  miles,  has  cut  its  chan- 
nel, in  a  canyon-like  gorge,  transversely 
through  the  Cascade  mountains  almost  down  to 
the  level  of  the  sea.  By  means  of  the  section 
thus  exposed,  we  are  enabled  to  study  the  struc- 
ture of  this  mountain  range  to  its  very  core. 

At  the  Cascades,  nearly  in  the  middle  of  the 
range,  which  form  the  limit  of  navigation  from 
the  ocean,  and  to  which  point  the  work  of  the 
Coast  Survey  has  been  carried  so  as  to  furnish 
trustworthy  measurements,  the  basaltic  cliffs 
rise  3,700  feet,  nearly  perpendicularly,  above 
the  river.  A  thickness  then  of  over  3,000  feet 
of  lava  has  been  accumulated  from  massive 
eruptions  to  form  the  range  at  this  poiut.  At 
the  base  of  the  cliffs  is  found  a  conglomerate  or 
pudding-stone — a  rock  made  of  rounded  pebbles 
and  gravel,  which  time  and  pressure  have  com 
pacted  and  hardened,  and  which  here  indicates 
a  former  shore-line  that  has  been  covered  by  the 
basalt.  Withinthe  conglomeratearefoundtrunks 
of  trees,  some  changed  to  stone,  some  merely 
carbonized,  with  leaf  remains,  which  enable  us 
to  determine  the  geological  age  of  the  period 
immediately  preceding  the  building  up  of  the 
range  at  this  point.  This  was  the  miocene  ter- 
tiary, a  time  when  a  tropical  climate  prevailed 
over  our  whole  contiuent,  even  far  up  iuto  the 
Arctic  regions. 

This  bed  of  conglomerate  also  gives  a  clue  to 
the  history  of  a  more  recent  period,  to  a  change 
in  the  course  of  the  river  and  the  formation  of 
the  Cascades  themselves.  The  Cascades  are 
rather  rapids  than  falls,  where  the  riverdescends 
rapidly  for  a  mile  or  two,  in  one  place  foaming 
and  boiling  over  masses  of  broken  rock.  A 
railroad,  six  mileB  in  length,  conveys  passen- 
gers from  the  steamer  which  comes  from  Port- 
land to  that  which  runs  to  the  Dalles  from  the 
head  of  the  Cascades.  Just  beyond  this  rail- 
road may  still  be  distinguished  in  the  forests 
which  cover  the  bottom  of  the  canyon — here 
considerably  wider  than  the  bed  of  the  river — 
the  traces  of  an  ancient  stream-bed,  somewhat 
higher  than  the  present  one,  but  which,  at  no 
very  distant  period,  was  evidently  occupied  by 
the  river,  being  more  in  its  direct  course  than 
the  bed  it  now  occupies  at  the  Cascades.  In- 
dians tell  us  that  there  was  once  a  natural 
bridge  at  the  Cascades,  by  which  their  ancestors 
used  to  cross  the  river,  and  this  is  rendered 
probable  by  the  existence  of  flat,  table-like 
masses  of  basalt  on  either  side,  which  might 
have  formed  the  piers  to  such  a  bridge.  Again, 
along  the  shores  of  the  river  above  the  Cascades, 
are  great  numbers  of  dead  tree-trunks,  standing 
in  the  water  and  partially  submerged  even  at 
its  lowest  stages.  Pine  trees  would  not  have 
grown  to  such  size  in  the  water,  or  even  if  they 
had,  what  should  have  killed  them  all  so  uni- 
formly ?  .  The  explanation  seems  simple  enough 
when  all  these  facts  are  combined.  At  the  time 
when,  in  the  course  of  cutting  this  canyon 
through  the  mountains,  the  river  had  reached 
nearly  its  present  level,  but  was  still  running  in 
the  old  stream-bed,  its  waters  found  a  new  out- 
let by  perforating  this  permeable  stratum  of 
conglomerate.  The  opening  thus  made  grew 
rapidly  larger,  owing  to  the  easy  disintegration 
of  the  conglomerate,  until  it  was  large  enough 
to  take  the  whole  stream;  and  this  bed  being 
at  a  depth  much  lower  than  the  present,  the  old 
stream-bed  was  abandoned,  and  along  the  upper 
side  of  the  river  the  trees  grew  down  to  its  very 
edge,  while  the  river,  for  a  short  distance,  had 
the  character  of  the  lost  rivers,  being  concealed 
beneath  the  basalt  bridge;  but  in  course  of  time 
the  supports  of  the  bridge  were  undermined 
and  the  whole  mass  of  overhanging  basalt  fell 
into  the  stream,  damming  it  up  so  as  to  produce 
the  present  Cascades,  and  causing  a  rise  or 
"backing-up"  of  the  water  in  the  upper  part  of 
the  stream,  so  that  the  trees  along  the  edge, 
having  the  soil  washed  away  from  their  roots 
by  the  rising  water,  gradually  died  and  decayed, 
leaving  only  the  stumps  we  now  see  lining  the 
borders  of  tie  river. 

In  addition  to  Mr.  Emmons'  paper,  the  vol- 
ume contains  a  description  of  the  diamond  fields 
of  South  Africa,  by  Wm.  J.  Morton,  M.  D.;  a 
discussion  of  the  King  of  Belgium's  plan  for  the 
civilization  of  Central  Africa,  by  means  of  lines 
of  stations;  an  exceedingly  valuable  paper  by 
the  Rev.  Dr.  Selah -Merrill,  upon  his  late  scien- 
tific researches  into  the  archaeology  of  Palestine; 
long  papers  upon  a  journey  up  the  Magdalena 
river,  and  across  the  Andes,  describing  the  dis- 
covery of  the  prehistoric  statue  of  "Chac- 
Mool,"in  Yucatan.  There  are  several  minor 
contributions,  and  the  whole  volume  richly   re- 


Mining  in  New  Mexico. 

A  Santa  Fe  correspondent  of  the  Kansas  City 
News  thus  writes  concerning  the  mines  in  that 
Territory: 

All  the  talk  in  Santa  Fe,  at  present,  is  the 
new  {in  one  sense,  but  old  in  another),  carbon- 
ate discoveries  recently  made  20  miles  below 
this  city  by  practical  miners.  Not  only  there, 
but  all  over  the  Territory,  and  in  some  portions 
of  Colorado,  the  wonderful  discoveries  are 
known,  and  practical  miners  are  coming  into 
the  various  camps  daily.  Prior  to  their  expul- 
sion by  the  Indians  in  1680,  the  Spaniards,  in  a 
primitive  way,  worked  these  mines.  Practical 
miners  say  that  they  have  prospected  sufficient- 
ly to  know  that  the  mineral  belt  extends  at 
least  six  miles  north  and  south,  and  five  miles 
east  and  west,  and  that  the  true  fissures  point 
northeast  and  southwest.  Dozens  of  new  veins 
have  been  opened  very  cheap,  and  one  and  all 
show  excellent  mineral — thus  far  not  a  barren 
vein  has  been  found.  All  the  veins  widen  in 
depth. 

The  following  is  a  brief  statement  of  the  con- 
dition of  several  of  the  first  discovered  mines: 
Mina  del  Tiro,  width,  15  inches;  depth,  100  feet; 
width  at  base,  7  feet.  Carbonate,  assayed  at 
4  feet,  92:4-10  ounces;  8  feet,  120  ounces,  width, 
11  inches;  No.  1,  63%  lead;  21  ounces  silver; 
No.  2,  51%  lead,  34  ounces  silver;  No.  10,  50% 
lead,  8  ounces  silver;  No.  11,  44  ounces  silver; 
No.  12,  72  ounces  silver;  No.  13,  50%  lead,  83.7 
silver;  No.  14,  135  ounces  silver,  If  ounces  gold; 
No.  15,  50%  lead,  10  ounces  silver.  This  may 
not  be  properly  considered  a  high  grade  of  ore, 
but  many  miners  of  great  experience  contend 
that  it  will  pay  a  big  per  cent,  for  working. 
The  average  wealth  of  the  ore  is  far  from  being 
fully  developed.  Not  a  shaft  has  been  sunk 
over  20  feet,  but  they  are  going  deeper  rapidly. 
Within  four  miles,  plenty  of  water  for  all  min- 
ing purposes  is  to  be  found  iu  large  quantities. 
Reduction  works  will  soon  find  their  way  into 
the  camps,  and  no  ore  will  have  to  be  hauled 
over  four  miles.  Already  very  excellent  roads 
are  to  be  found  leading  to  and  from  the  various 
shafts.  At  no  great  distance  southward,  very 
excellent  anthracite  coal  has  been  discovered  in 
great  quantities,  also  the  best  of  fire  clay,  fuel 
of  all  kinds,  it  is  claimed,  is  remarkably  cheap. 
Men  who  have  delved  in  other  mines  for  years 
are  in  these  mines  and  well  pleased,  and  say 
their  friends  are  on  the  road  by  dozens;  there  is 
no  braggadocio  about  them;  evidently  they 
mean  business. 

A  few  hours'  walk  through  the  carbonate 
country  reveals  the  fact  that  the  claims  are 
being  taken  up  rapidly;  each  stake  shows  a  re- 
cent date,  and  the  marks  of  the  pick  and  shovel 
could  be  seen  on  every  hand.  The  leads  are 
well  defined,  and  a  boy,  with  but  little  explain- 
ing, could  locate  a  claim  just  about  as  easy  as 
an  experienced  miner,  provided  he  did  not  in- 
fringe on  the  rights  of  another.  There  are  at 
least  200  men  located  in  the  different  portions  of 
this  mining  camp  that  have  come  to  stay. 


Electric  Light  in  Hydraulic  Mining.— 
The  first  electric  light  ever  introduced  in  a 
mining  claim  was  placed  on  the  Deer  Creek 
placer  claim  of  the  Excelsior  Water  Company 
at  Smartsville,  on  the  10th  of  last  month.  A 
12,000  candle  power  Brush  machine  was  put  in 
operation,  and  three  lights  of  3,000  candle  power 
each  were  placed  in  prominent  positions  upon 
the  claim.  Although  the  night  was  very  dark 
the  lights  shed  a  brilliant  light  around  and 
enabled  the  miners  to  work  as  readily  as  during 
the  day.  Until  this  experiment  the  mines  had 
to  shut  down  during  the  night,  but  now  the 
company  expects  to  work  both  night  and  day. 
Nevada  and  Yuba  counties  have  many  hydraulic 
mining  companies,  and  several  of  them  have  an- 
nounced their  desire  to  use  the  new  light  if  the 
Excelsior  company  is  thoroughly  satisfied  with 
their  machine.  As  Mr.  Law  has  received  sev- 
eral telegrams  from  the  company  which  state 
that  it  is  working  well,  there  can  be  no  doubt 
that  it  will  be  adopted.  The  three  lights  cost 
the  company  about  10  cts.  per  hour,  and  with 
interest,  wear  and  tear,  etc.,  included,  the 
claim  is  lighted  for  16  cts.  per  hour.  The  com- 
pany's daily  clean-up  is  from  $500  to  §1,000, 
and  by  running  nights  also,  the  yield  of  the 
mine  can  be  doubled. — Nevada  Transcript. 


beneath  the  horizontal  beds  of  basalt,  to  reap-    pays  perusal—  Science  Neivs, 


The  Richmond  Furnace. — A  good  deal  of 
flux  is  being  taken  out  of  the  Belmont  mine 
and  will  shortly  be  shipped  to  the  Richmond 
furnaces.  The  liberal  terms  offered  by  that 
company  for  low  grade  ores  have  been  of  great 
advantage  to  small  mine  owners  generally — in 
fact  to  the  owners  of  some  of  our  larger  mines 
as  well.  The  shipments  of  low-grade  quartz 
kept  the  Connolly  working  so  long.  Had  it  not 
been  for  them  it  would  have  been  shut  down 
long  before.  At  the  ordinary  rates  paid  by  the 
furnace  companies  ore  cannot  be  sold  to  any 
profit  unless  it  contain  at  least  $75  per  ton. 
By  the  arrrangements  at  the  Richmond,  sili- 
ceous ores  of  $30  value  can  be  handled  to  ad- 
vantage, and  even  ore  of  from  $15  to  $20  will 
pay  for  its  extraction;  thus  enabling  mine  own- 
ers of  little  means  to  continue  in  the  develop- 
ment of  their  properties.  The  Richmond  fur- 
naces have  at  length  attained  their  maximum 
smelting  capacity  of  80  tons  daily.  They  are 
probably  the  largest  lead  smelting  furnaces  in 
the  world,  and  the  smelting  as  carried  on  in  them 
.  a  thing  sui  generis. — Eureka  Leader. 


May  io,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


299 


<W' 


ECHANICAL 


ROGRESS. 


Suggestions  for  Sale  and  Economic  Gen- 
eration of  Steam. 

The  report  of  Mr.  Henry  Hiller,  the  chief 
engineer  of  the  National  Boiler  Insurance  Com- 
pany, Manchester,  Kngland,  upon  the  technical 
work  done  during  1S78,  has  just  been  issued, 
and  contaius  a  large  amount  of  valuable  infor- 
mation and  useful  suggestions.  With  regard  to 
the  advisability  of  compounding  existing  con- 
densing engines,  Mr.  Hiller  suggests  that  whore 
these  are  overloaded,  and  the  boilers  in  connec- 
tion will  permit  of  a  suitable  increase  of  pres- 
sure, great  saving  may  be  effected;  but  in  many 
instances  the  better  course  would  bo  to  put 
down  new  engiues  and  boilers  suitable  for  the 
work  required.  The  compound  system  is  pre- 
ferred on  account  of  the  avoidance  of  the  great 
initial  strain  which  is  unavoidable  with  the 
single  cylinder  engine  working  with  a  high 
grade  01  expansion,  as  the  load  can  be  more 
uniformly  distributed  throughout  the  stroke; 
whilst  with  few  exceptions  the  consumption  of 
steam  in  compound  engines  is  comparatively 
below  that  in  the  Bingle  cylinder  engines.  The 
proportions  of  cylinders  in  compound  engines 
vary  very  considerably.  Where  it  is  desired  to 
equalize  the  load,  and  the  prossure  in  the  boil- 
ers is  (say)  80  pounds  per  square  inch,  a  pro- 
portion of  capacity  of  one  to  four  has  been  found 
to  give  good  results  in  engines  fitted  with  ordi- 
nary slide  valves  worked  by  eccentrics.  If  the 
low-pressure  cylinder  is  proportionately  less  the 
steam  must  be  cut  off  at  an  earlier  point  in  the 
high-pressure  cylinder,  but  this  will  depend  on 
the  load  to  be  driven,  the  pressure  in  the  boil- 
ers, etc.  Hence  it  is  necessary  that  in  all  cases 
the  proportions  should  be  arranged  to  suit  the 
respective  circumstances  and  requirements. 

Most  careful  calculation  should  be  made 
where  it  is  proposed  to  convert  existing  single 
engines  into  compound  ones,  as  much  disap- 
pointment has  resulted  by  the  adoption  of  cylin- 
ders of  unsuitable  proportions.  In  some  cases 
after  great  outlay  the  results  obtained  were  in- 
ferior to  those  secured  before  the  alterations. 
Some  parties  advocate  the  use  of  a  small  high- 
pressure  cylinder,  the  capacity  of  the  low-pres- 
sure one  being  in  the  proportion  (say)  of  eight 
to  one,  the  steam  being  carried  the  whole  length 
of  the  stroke  in  the  high-pressure  cylinder. 
This  involves  the  low-pressure  cylinder  being  of 
large  size,  and  I  believe  considerably  increases 
the  comparative  loss  arising  from  the  cooling 
effect  of  the  condenser.  The  high-pressure  cyl- 
inders have  in  many  cases  been  made  too  large, 
bo  that  the  pressure  of  the  steam  was  insuffi- 
ciently reduced  at  the  point  of  its  final  exhaust, 
and  thus  too  much  work  was  thrown  on  the 
condenser,  involving  a  vitiated  vacuum  with 
consequent  increase  in  the  consumption  of  fuel. 

The  position  of  the  cranks  is  a  matter  upon 
which  much  diversity  of  opinion  exists.  Where 
a  pair  of  compound  engines  are  coupled  to  the 
same  crank  shaft,  it  is  apparently  the  most 
economical  arrangement  for  the  low-pressure 
engine  to  lead  about  l-12th  of  a  revolution,  as 
the  steam  from  the  other  cylinder  then  exhausts 
freely  into  the  low-pressure  one.  If  the  char- 
acter of  the  work  necessitates  the  cranks  being 
placed  at  right  angles,  a  receiver  of  good  ca- 
pacity, and  well  protected  against  loss  of  heat, 
is  of  considerable  benefit  in  reducing  the  varia- 
tion of  the  back  pressure  in  the  high-pressure 
cylinder.  If  an  engine  be  too  small  for  the 
load  to  be  driven,  and  its  speed  cannot  be  in- 
creased, expansive  working  cannot  be  adopted, 
and  waste  of  steam  ensues;  whilst  if,  on  the 
other  hand,  the  engine  be  too  large,  there  is 
great  loss  of  steam  through  the  friction  of  driv- 
ing so  large  an  engine,  but  often  a  still  greater 
one  through  the  large  condensation  of  steam  in 
the  excessively  large  cylinder. 

Experience  has  demonstrated  the  great  econ- 
omy and  advantage  of  quick  speed  engines  as 
compared  with  those  running  very  slowly.  The 
piston  speed  of  many  iB  so  low  that  the  steam 
admission  has  to  be  continued  almost  to  the 
end  of  the  stroke.  Such  engines  thus  work 
under  conditions  equally  unfavorable  to  econ- 
omy to  those  which  exist  in  engines  too  small 
for  their  work.  A  quick  piston  speed  is  pre- 
ferable; but  if  the  engine  be  large  in  proportion 
to  its  work,  rapid  reciprocation  may  become  a 
source  of  loss,  if  the  load  does  not  permit  of  a 
fair  average  pressure  being  maintained  in  the 
cylinder.  He  adds  that  the  best  results  can  be 
obtained  with  non-condensing  engines,  where 
the  initial  pressure  on  the  piston  is  (say)  about 
60  pounds  above  the  atmosphere,  the  engine  be- 
ing provided  with  expansion  gear,  and  the  speed 
of  piston  about  350  feet  per  minute — when  the 
load  is  from  three  to  three  and  a  half  times  the 
nominal  horse-power;  this  being  taken  on  the 
basis  of  10  square  inches  of  piston  for  each 
nominal  horse-power.  If  unprovided  with  a 
cut-off  valve,  the  best  load  is  from  one  and 
three-quarters  to  twice  the  nominal  power,  the 
steam  pressure  with  such  loads  being  reduced 
to  about  three  and  one-half  to  four  pounds 
above  the  atmosphere  at  the  point  of  exhaust. 
In  ordinary  condensing  engines  fitted  with  ex- 
pansion gear  or  cut-off  valves,  and  assuming  22 
square  inches  of  piston  as  equal  to  one  nominal 
horse-power,  the  speed  of  piston  being  about 
450  per  minute,  the  best  economical  results  can 
be  obtained  when  the  load  is  about  five  and  a 
half  times  the  nominal  horse-power.  If  the  en- 
gine has  ordinary  slide  valves  only,  a  load  equal 


to  about  two  and  three-quarter  times  the  nomi- 
nal power  would  be  fairly  economical. 

So  much  difference  of  opinion  exists  respect- 
ing the  utility  or  otherwise  of  the  "steam 
jacket"  that  its  use  is  comparatively  limited; 
but  Mr.  Hiller  considers  it  is  of  great  economical 
advantage  when  properly  applied  to  condensing 
engines  working  with  a  high  grade  of   expan- 


A  Polysphenic  Ship. 

For  the  last  six  years,  sayn  the  Engltih  Mi 
chanic,  tiio  Rev.  0.  fit  namu,  Kector  of  foul 
Qnildeford  and  Playden,  Kngland,  has  held  his 
invention  of  the  polysphenic  ship  at  the  dis. 
posal  of  the  Admiralty.  This  vessel,  it  is  cab 
dilated,  will  skim  the  seas  at  the  rate  of  40 
miles  an  hour  or  more.  The  word  "skim"  dis 
closes  the  secret  of  the  idea,  for  the  invention 
is  mainly  based  on  the  fact  that  if  a  vessel  can 
be  made  by  the  mere  force  with  which  it 
moves  to  ride  over  tho  waves  instead  of  driving 
through  thum,  there  is  prima  facie  reason  to 
believe  that  a  much  higher  speed  than  any- 
thing yet  reached  will  be  achieved.  Tho  prin- 
ciple of  Mr.  Ramus'  invention  consists  in  mak- 
ing the  bottom  of  the  vessel  a  series  of  inclined 
planes.  In  1872  Mr.  Ramus  made  a  model, 
having  its  bottom  composed  of  two  parallel  and 
consecutive  inclined  planes;  or  the  vessel  may 
be  described  as  made  up  of  two  wedges,  the 
thick  ends  of  which  are  placed  abaft  the  thin 
ends.  There  is  thus  in  the  center  of  the  vessel 
a  ridge,  where  the  thin  end  of  the  sternmost 
wedge  abuts  against  the  thick  end  of  the  fore- 
most. Any  floating  body  thus  shaped  must, 
when  driven  forcibly  through  the  water,  tend 
to  rise,  and  if  the  speed  is  high  enough  it  will 
rise  on  the  surface  instead  of  driving  through  the 
water.  TheBe  facts  were  demonstrated  by 
some  rough  experiments  made  in  the  presence 
of  credible  witnesses.  The  propelling  power  in 
these  experiments  was  a  six-ounce  rocket.  In 
one  trial  the  model,  weighing  three  pounds 
three  ounces,  ran  a  distance  of  105  yards  in 
three  seconds.  In  another  it  ran  480  feet  in 
4^  seconds,  the  water  being  rippled  by  a  strong 
breeze,  but  in  spite  of  this  the  deck  was  found 
to  be  dry.  The  principle  underlying  these 
models,  says  the  Mechanic,  may  be  taken  ad- 
vantage of  to  construct  wedge-shaped  ships,  for 
it  has  been  demonstrated  that  resistance  to 
such  vessels,  which  at  first  increases  about  as 
the  square  of  their  velocity  decreases  as  the 
Bpeed  is  augmented,  until  after  a  certain  period 
there  is  no  further  increase  of  resistance.  Given 
the  required  machinery,  then,  for  propelling 
the  polysphenic  ship  and  there  seemB  every 
probability  that  speeds  of  40  miles  an  hour  and 
more  can  be  attained. 


Economic  Production  of  Steam. 

The  American  Manufacturer  states  that  for 
35  years  persistent  efforts  have  been  made  to 
run  steam  generators  inside  the  fire-box  or  fur- 
nace of  steam  boilers.  All,  however,  proved 
signal  failures  until  Mr.  Good  hit  upon  the  true 
principle  of  keeping  up  a  steady  and  continuous 
supply  of  water  from  the  boiler  into  the  genera- 
tor. No  matter  how  intense  the  heat  to  which 
the  latter  is  subjected  the  water  cannot  be 
driven  from  it  into  the  boiler,  but  can  only 
escape  in  the  form  of  steam,  which  is  rapidly 
generated  and  forced  into  the  boiler.  In  the 
days  of  prosperous  manufacturing  few  men  paid 
much  attention  to  their  fuel  bills,  but  the  close 
margins  to  which  all  are  now  subjected  through 
competition  makes  the  consumption  of  fuel  a 
matter  of  serious  consideration.  It  has  been 
practically  demonstrated  that  this  appliance — 
placed  in  the  furnace,  and  connected  with  the 
boiler — will  save  from  30%  to  40%  in  fuel.  The 
time  consumed  every  day  in  getting  up  steam 
will  also  be  reduced  about  one-half.  And  what 
is  equally  important  with  the  saving  of  fuel  is 
that  the  working  capacity  of  the  boiler  will  be 
increased  nearly  one-half  in  power  by  the  ad- 
ditional area  of  heating  surface  exposed  to  the 
flames  in  a  position  where  the  heat  will  be  most 
effective,  and  by  the  rapidity  with  which  the 
steam  is  generated.  Hundreds  of  boilers,  now 
unable  to  do  the  work  required  of  them,  may 
be  retained  by  their  owners  if  this  device  is 
used.  There  can  be  no  question  as  to  durability, 
for  experience  has  shown  that  the  circulation  of 
water  being  maintained  through  the  pipes  they 
will  not  burn  out  any  more  readily  than  the 
flues  of  a  boiler.  It  can  be  as  easily  attached 
to  marine  or  locomotive  as  to  tubular  boilers. 
The  low  cost  for  which  this  apparatus  can  bo 
furnished  will,  it  is  claimed,  make  its  use  uni- 
versal, as  it  soon  pays  for  itself. 


American  Wood  Screws  in  England. — The 
New  York  correspondent  of  the  London  Iron- 
monger says  that  the  American  Screw  Com- 
pany, through  its  branch  at  Dundas,  Ontario, 
is  putting  a  brand  of  wood  screws,  known  as 
the  "Continental,"  into  every  important  mar- 
ket in  Europe,  and  that  they  are  having  some 
success  even  in  Sheffield  and  Birmingham. 
There  is  said  to  be  nothing  on  the  wrapping  of 
the  packages  to  indicate  that  the  screws  are  of 
American  manufacture,  which  probably  ac- 
counts for  the  fact  that  it  has  not  been  talked 
about  in  the  English  newspapers. 

A  combination  of  iron  and  steel  is  made  ex- 
tensively in  France,  according  to  the  Revue 
Industrielle,  by  running  the  two  metals  sep- 
arately into  a  mold,  with  a  plate  of  thin  sheet- 
iron  at  the  dividing  line.  In  this  way,  a  per- 
fect welding  together  of  the  two  metals  ensues. 


iCIENTIFIC 


ROGRESS. 


A  New  Form  of  Carbon. 

In  describing  tho  Sawyer-Man  electric  light, 
lost  December,  mention  was  made  of  the  pecu- 
liar carbons  employed,  the  manner  of  their  pro- 
duction being  a  secret  which  Mr.  Sawyer  did 
not  choose  at  that  time  to  disclose. 

We  have  now  been  favored  witli  an  exhibition 
of  the  process,  and  a  very  pretty  experiment  it 
makes.  The  carbons  in  question  are  about  half 
an  inch  long,  with  the  diameter  of  one-sixteenth 
of  an  inch.  Their  color  is  steel-gray,  and  the 
surface  is  hard  as  steel;  within  the  carbon  ib 
tolerably  soft. 

In  his  earlier  experiments  Mr.  Sawyer  em- 
ployed as  the  source  of  incandescene  slender 
pencils  of  gas  retort  carbon  in  an  atmosphere  of 
illuminating  gas.  The  carbons  were  slowly  de- 
stroyed, but  at  the  same  time  they  took  on  a 
superficial  deposit,  evidently  of  carbon,  but  un- 
like in  luster  and  hardness  any  carbon  that  Mr. 
Sawyer  had  seen.  Inferring  that  a  more  rapid 
deposit  would  be  made  in  a  denser  hydro-car- 
bon, Mr.  Sawyer  experimented  with  a  great 
variety  of  such  liquids,  finding  olive  oil  most 
satisfactory.  His  method  is  simply  to  heat 
the  carbon  to  an  extremely  high  temperature, 
by  passing  through  it  an  electric  current,  while 
it  is  immersed  in  the  oil.  The  best  resultB  are 
obtained  by  the  use  of  a  pencil  of  willow  char- 
coal, upon  which  an  intensely  hard  deposit  of 
carbon  rapidly  forms  as  the  hydro-carbon  iB 
decomposed  by  the  heated  pencil. — Scientific 
A  merican. 

The  Nature  of  Eozoon. — Dr.  Dawson,  in  a 
reply  to  Mobius,  which  appears  in  the  current 
issue  of  the  American  Journal  of  Science  and 
Arts,  takea  exception  to  his  arguments  and  rea- 
sons for  pronouncing  the  eozoon  to  be  of  mineral 
origin,  and  reaffirms  his  belief  that  it  represents 
the  fossilized  remains  of  an  organic  being.  He 
(Dawson)  asserts  that  Mobius  has  misinter- 
preted the  characters  of  his  specimens  in  several 
important  particulars  ;  as,  for  instance,  in  mis- 
taking the  veins  of  crysolite  that  traverse  the 
serpentine  and  calcite  for  the  walls  of  the  eozoon 
chambers.  Again,  Dawson  meets  the  objection 
of  Mobius  that  the  large  (so-called)  tubules  are 
irregular  and  unsymmetrical,  by  urging  that 
such  irregularities  can  be  satisfactorily  ac- 
counted for  as  the  effect  of  pressure  and  other 
physical  incidents  of  fossilization ;  while  the 
regular  round  and  branching  tubules  which  Mo- 
bius is  disposed  to  regard  as  accidental,  Dawson 
affirms  to  be  in  reality  the  normal  structure  of 
the  organism.  So  far,  therefore,  from  being 
settled,  the  question  of  the  nature  of  eozoon  is 
still  a  debatable  one,  with  the  weight  of  evi- 
dence probably  slightly  in  favor  of  the  view 
advocated  by  Dawson. 

Tracing  the  Hudson  under  the  Sea. — The 
Atlantic  Coast  Pilot,  published  by  the  United 
States  Coast  Survey,  explains  the  origin  of  the 
curious  deep  holes  met  with  along  the  New 
Jersey  coast,  some  distance  out  at  sea.  Of  these 
"mudholes,"  as  they  are  termed,  nine  are  known 
to  navigators,  the  deepest  and  the  furthest  out 
being  the  145  fathom  hole,  S3  miles  southeast  of 
Sandy  Hook  light  vessel.  These  remarkable 
depressions,  as  the  Pilot  points  out,  bear  the 
appearance  of  having  been  originally  a  continu- 
ation seaward  of  the  Hudson  River  valley.  They 
were  in  all  probability  scooped  out  by  the  river 
being  forced  to  run  through  narrow  gorges.  Sev- 
eral of  these  gorges  can  still  be  traced  running 
almoBt  parallel  with  the  New  Jersey  shore  line. 
In  fact,  the  soundings  along  the  coast  would 
seem  to  indicate  that  the  whole  coast  line,  ages 
ago,  was  many  miles  seaward  of  its  position 
to-day  ;  that  then  the  Hudson  river  entered  the 
ocean  at  least  100  miles  southeast  of  its  present 
mouth,  and  that  the  whole  continent  has  since 
subsided,  the  sea  encroaching  further  and  further 
inland,  as  the  country  gradually  sank. 

Electro-Chemical  Action  under  Pres- 
sure.— In  a  series  of  about  50  experiments,  each 
of  which  contained  for  several  hours,  and  dur- 
ing which  pressures  of  100,  200,  300,  etc.,  at- 
mospheres were  maintained,  A.  Bouvet  found 
the  following  laws:  1.  The  decomposition  of 
water  by  a  current  is  independent  of  its  pres- 
sure. 2.  The  quantity  of  electricity  necessary 
to  decompose  a  given  weight  of  water  is  sensi- 
bly the  same,  whatever  may  be  the  pressure. 
The  laws  are  in  perfect  accordance  with  the  me- 
chanical theory  of  heat. 

Improvements  in  the  Telephone. — Prof. 
Righe's  telephone,  according  to  published  ac- 
counts of  its  performance,  must  be  by  far  the 
most  remarkable  apparatus  for  reproducing  that 
has  yet  been  devised.  It  it  said  to  convey  the 
sound  of  the  human  voice  with  marvelous  dis- 
tinctness. So  much  so  that  a  large  audience 
may  distinctly  hear  a  spoken  address  as  deliv- 
ered at  the  other  end  of  the  line. 


Gallium  Battery. — J.  Reynauld  has  suc- 
ceeded in  making  a  battery  of  liquid  and  solid 
gallium  by  means  of  a  metal  solution  of  gallium 
sulphate.  The  liquid  metal  takes  the  place  of 
zinc;  the  solid  of  copper;  the  former  being  nega- 
tive in  relation  to  the  latter. — Fortscltr.  der 
Zeit. 

Bleaching  Diamonds. — Ch.  Riballier  recom- 
mends heating  gray  or  brown  diamonds  with 
carbonate  of  lime  and  powdered  coal  in  air-tight 
crucibles,  and  allowing  them  to  cool  slowly,  in 
order  to  improve  their  color, 


Brorsen's  Comet. 

This  small  periodical  comet,  which  is  now  on 
a  visit  to  our  solar  system,  has  recently  passed 
its  perihelion,  and  is  now  approaching  the  earth. 
It  is  a  nebulous  star,  and  moves  so  rapidly  from 
one  star  to  another  that  with  even  a  very  Bmall 
telescope  the  observer  can  see  the  change  in  an 
hour's  watching. 

Its  motion  is  from  the  constellation  Camelo- 
pardalis  to  that  of  Ursa  Major.  Since  April 
_  l  .',t  the  comet  has  been  cireumpolar  and  does 
not  set  in  this  latitude.  Following  the  ephem- 
eris  of  Schulse,  the  comet  will  be  nearest  the 
earth  on  May  10th — the  date  of  this  issue  of  the 
Press.  Its  place  is  now  among  the  Bmall  stars 
in  the  head  of  the  Great  Bear. 

This  comet  is  now  being  made  a  matter  of 
cloBe  Btudy  spectroscopically  and  otherwise. 
Prof.  C.  A.  Young,  of  Princeton,  writes  to  the 
New  York  Timet  saying  that  this  comet  has 
not  an  exceptional  spectrum,  as  indicated  by 
Huggins'  observations  of  18G8,  but  falls  into 
line  with  all  the  other  comets.  Prof.  Young's 
observations  were  made  upon  the  evenings  of 
April  1st  and  2d,  and  a  comparison  between 
tho  spectrum  of  the  comet  and  that  of  the 
name  of  a  Bunscn  burner  showed  a  coinci- 
dence exact  within  the  limits  of  observation. 


Varying  Velocity  of  Sound. — Some  inter- 
esting experiments  have  been  made  at  the  U.  S. 
Arsenal  at  Watertown,  Mass.,  to  determine 
whether  the  velocity  of  sonorous  waves  is  or  is 
not  affected  by  variations  in  intensity  and  pitch. 
A  6-lb.  brass  field  piece  was  placed  in  the  midst 
of  a  large  level  field,  and  behind  it,  at  distances 
ranging  from  10  feet  up  to  110  feet,  were  placed 
a  series  of  membranes  electrically  connected  with 
a  chronograph,  which  would  thus  give  the  in- 
Btant  at  which  the  sound  wave  from  the  gun  met 
each  membrane  in  succession.  The  experiment 
was  repeated  many  times  and  always  with  the 
same  result.  It  was  found  that  immediately  in 
the  rear  of  the  cannon  the  velocity  of  sound  was 
less  than  at  a  distance,  but  that  going  further 
and  further  from  the  caunon  the  velocity  rose 
to  a  maximum  considerably  above  the  ordinary 
velocity,  and  then  fell  gradually  to  about  the 
ordinary.  When  the  gun,  however,  was  pointed 
at  right  angles  to  its  first  position  it  was  found 
that  the  position  of  maximum  velocity  was 
brought  nearer  to  the  cannon,  and  if  the  gun 
had  been  turned  in  the  direction  of  the  line  of 
membranes,  which  was  impracticable,  it  ia 
thought  the  retardation  which  produced  the 
first  low  velocities  would  probably  have  become 
an  acceleration.  The  heaviest  charges  of  powder 
caused  the  greatest  deviations  from  the  ordinary 
velocity.  The  experiments,  accordingly,  prove 
that  the  velocity  of  sound  depends  to  some  ex- 
tent on  its  intensity,  and  that  experiments  on 
the  velocity  of  sound  in  which  a  cannon  iB  uaed 
contain  an  error,  probably  due  to  the  bodily 
motion  of  the  air  near  the  cannon.  Evidently 
a  musical  sound  of  low  intensity  must  be  used 
for  a  correct  determination  of  the  velocity  of 
sound. — Scientific  American. 


Rise  in  thk  Waters  of  Great  Salt  Lake. 
Clarence  King,  in  his  late  report  of  observa- 
tions in  the  Great  Salt  Lake  Basin  says:  "The 
well-known  fact  that  the  surface  of  Great  Salt 
Lake  is  rising — it  has  risen  11  feet  since  1867 — 
has  been  generally  ascribed  to  the  cultivation  of 
the  surrounding  region."  Mr.  King  shows  this 
to  be  a  wrong  inference,  for  a  similar  increase 
has  affected  all  the  lakes  of  the  Great  Basin. 
He  shows  partly  from  observations  connected 
with  the  growth  of  trees  on  the  Sierra,  that  this 
is  due  to  a  climatic  oscillation  that  began  about 
1860,  and  which  was  the  first  of  its  kind  and 
extent  that  has  occurred  within  at  least  250 
years.  This  question  of  oscillation  of  cli- 
mate is  full  of  importance  to  the  populations 
that  are  pouring  into  the  regions  of  the  great 
plains  during  the  present  moist  extreme. 

Changes  of  Spectra. — If  a  small  quantity  of 
mercury  is  placed  in  a  hydrogen  Geissler  tube, 
E.  Wiedeman  finds  that  an  induction  current 
gives  the  hydrogen  spectrum  at  ordinary  tem- 
perature. But  if  the  tube  is  warmed  in  air-bath, 
as  the  temperature  rises  the  mercury  lines  ap- 
pear, while  the  hydrogen  lines  grow  fainter,  and 
finally  disappear.  If  a  tube  of  hydrogen  and 
nitrogen  is  warmed  at  any  point,  so  as  to  free 
sodium  or  other  metal  from  the  glass,  the  hy- 
drogen and  nitrogen  lines  vanish  almost  entirely, 
while  the  lines  of  the  metal  appear.  Does  the 
hydrogen  disappear,  or  is  it  transmuted  into 
some  other  substance  ? — Comptes  Rendus. 

New  Method  of  Producing  Metallic  Chro- 
mium.— M.  Moissan  has  described  before  the 
French  Academy,  a  simple  method  for  producing 
metallic  chromium.  He  agitates  a  concentrated 
solution  of  chloride  of  chromium  with  sodium 
amalgam,  by  which  operation  an  amalgam  of 
chromium  is  produced.  This  is  boiled  in  water 
to  remove  the  soda,  and  then  distilled  by  heat- 
ing in  a  current  of  hydrogen  at  about  150°.  The 
chromium  thus  obtained  is  black,  slightly  co- 
herent powder. 

Retention  of  Heat.—  M.  Degremont  glues 
upon  cloth  a  series  of  small  segments  or  rods  of 
wood  to  form  a  sheathing  for  steam  pipe.  It 
has  the  advantage  of  being  easily  removed  and 
replaced,  which  is  not  the  case  with  most  heat 
retainers.  Small,  round-headed  nails  are  used 
to  prevent  contact  between  the  wood  and  the 
pipe,  and  to  inclose  a  layer  of  air  between  the 
pipe  and  the  sheathing.— Bull  de  la  Soc. 
dEncour. 


300 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[May  10,  1879. 


Table  of  Highest  and  Lowest  Sales  in 
S.  F.  Stock  Exchange. 


Vom„  Af  Week]  Week 

rm^finr  ElHllWB    BlMllllR 


Alpha 

Alt* 

Andes.... 

Alps 

Argenta 

Atlantic 

Aurora  Tunnel. . . 
Baltimore  Oon... 

Beloher 

Belmont 

Best&  Belcher... 

Bullion 

Bechtel 

Belle  Isle 

Bodie 

Beaton 

Bulwer 

Boyle 

Black  Hawk 

felvidero 
ooker 

Ouedonia 

California 

Challenge 

Chollar 

Confidence 

Oon  Imperial..  .. 

Con  Virginia 

Crown  Point 

Con  Washoe 

Champion 

Concordia 

Dayton 

DeFreeB 

Daney... - 

Day 

Eureka  Oon 

Exchequer 

Endowment..., ... 

Gen  Thomas 

Grand  Prize 

Gila 

Golden  Chariot. . . 

Golden  Terra 

Goodshaw 

Gould  &  Curry.... 
Hale  ftNorcroaa. . 

Hillside 

Highbrldse 

Homescake 

Hussey 

Independence 

Julia 

Justice 

Jackson...., 

Joe  Soatea 

KKCon 

Kentuck 

Kossuth. 

Keystone 

Lady  Bryan 

Lady  Wash 

Leopard 

Leviathan 

Leeds 

Lee 

May  Belle 

Modoc 

Manhattan 

Martin  White..., 

McCllnton 

Meadow  Valley. . . 
Mexican 


70c 
31 
6 

3.20 

65 

Id 

1.70 
6 
51 


Morning  Star 

North  Cou  Virginia 

New  York 

Northern  Belle.... 

New  Coso 

Navajo 

Oscidental 

Onhir 

Oriental 

Overman 

Panther 

Phenix 

Phil  Sheridan 

PotOBi 

Prospect 

Payinond&Ely... 

Richer 

Rock  Island 

Rye  Patch 

Rough  &  Ready 

Savage 

Seg  Belcher 

Sierra  Nevada 

Silver  Hill 

Sliver  King 

Silver  Prize  ...... 

Succor 

Summit 

Scorpion 

Solid  Silver 

South  Bodie 

South  Standard... 

Star 

St.  Louie 

Syndicate 

Tioga  Con 

Tiptop 

Trojan 

Union  Con 

TJtah 

Vermont  Con 

Ward 

Wells  Fargo 

Woodville 

White  Cloud 

Yellow  Jacket 


2.60 
1; 
65i 
1; 
5: 

2.8. 
53 
14 

1.35 
H 
« 


Week     Week 
Emlillt:    ttinlllis 

May.  1.  Mays. 


1.70 
55c 

1.90 

ei 

2.85 
6 
13} 

1.15 

61 

1.95 


3.05 
2oc 


20c 

31 

3.90 

J. 90 


a  a 

15c   100 


1.70 
60c 
50c 


2i 

6 

1.10 

■36 


25c 
i'.W 
I'M 
34' 


45c 
3.85 


50c  FOc 
2  2.30 

1.40,  23 
3Cc  30o 
40c!  45c 
20c!  20c 

....  40c 


2.30 
75c 
15o 


1.951.80 
50c'  75c 
10c  10c 
57  I  69) 
133j  143 


131 


1.15 
10c 


1.051.15 
....  lOo 

....  15c 


16i 


20   19 

!jo   35c 


19  17 
6J  5 
40c  2ic 


li  1.40  U  1 

!5c  15c 

i  1   I 

7  5jl  %i 

35c  20c  40c  . 

IKS  161'  17 

5!  5S.  " 


4.15 
18) 


1. 10 
35c 


2 
1.20 


2.15 
1.10 
50c 
1.95 
71 
2} 
6$ 
15 


60c  40c 
16  141 
5!   5! 


31 
35c  30c 


30c 
9} 

121 

2}  i 
35c  10c 


1.15  3.70 
6J   6 


43  4.6 


2h  2.40 
6  65 
1   85c 


371  341 


37 

50c  . 
10j   93 


45c   40c 
4 


11    9S 

2-1  25 

52!  47 
li   1 


35c 
MO 
2J  2.10 
30c  " 


35c 


75c  60c 
10c 

75  „.,, 

16J  14) 


1.15  1 
10c  5c 
30c  20c 


16   15  IS   168  161  13) 


1.40  1.20 
71  6S 
5J  3.95 


50c  40o 
18  17) 
5)  4.95 


1.45  3.1 
10c  ... 


15c 

23 

1.90 


li  H 
75c  60c 
75c  70c 


.55  2) 
6  53 
1   90c 


38)   31J 
'93  "7 


45o  40c 
3.90  3.30 


3J 

55c 


Ui  9! 

25  .... 

521  42! 

1.30  li 


40c 

2  1! 

2.30  1.9F 

25o  20c 

50c  35c 
15c 
50c 

2.30  1.90 

80c  75c 

5c  

741  64) 

16  13 


1.15  85c 
10c  5c 
25c  


Sales  at  S.  F.  Stock  Exchange. 

Friday  A.  HE. ,  May  2.    I  215  Bodie 9i@9g 

150  Alpha ...19@18  5i)5  Bechtel....- 101.10 

»W  Alta 6gt«6i  120U  Belle  lale 35c 

200  Andes 35c  1130  Belviikre 1 ,10@1 


330  Benton 4@4.15 

250  Bullion 5i 

500  Baltimore  Con 1 

430  Belcher 68^61 

5  Best&  Belcher 163 

610  California 6J07 

65  Confidence 15(jt14j 

3030  Con  Imperial 1.40 

865  Crown  Point SgOH 

330  'ion  Virginia e^.-ui. 

105  Chollar 6 

50  Caledonia 1.95 

250  Exchequer f>\i<~rr  § 

350  Flowery 70o 

410  Gould  a  Curry 9i'"<-.i-; 

75  Hale&Nor 12|i"12! 

310  Julia 3:;c»,J.'.iu 

100  Justice 3.80 

100  Leviathan 65c 

400  Lady  Bryan GV/;o- 

430  Mockey 1.70@1.60 

70  MtView 7 

175  Mexican 37J>"'37.' 

755  N  Bonanza l.lOurt.  15 

50  North  Con  Vir....ll|@l] 

150  New  York 70c 

835  Ophir SS'.--*  ;j?i 

200  Overman M 

3-0  Potoei 3.30^3.<in 

100  Savage 103 

230  Stiver  Hill lJ(«l.3o 

45  Scoruion 2.30  <rj[ 

300  Succor 30(«3Sc 

360  Sierra  Nevada... 514.0521 

120  Utah lli@l'g 

260  Union   Con 7ly7l. 

1000  Wella-Fargo 5c 

350  Ward 1.10 

100  -Woodville 25c 

130  Yellow  Jacket 16g 

AFTERNOON  SESSION. 


40  Bulwer 12'@12} 

345  BlackHawk...2.10t§3.15 

250  Booker 45c 

285  Caledonia  (B  H).2$O2.10 

50  Champion 15c 

10U0  Crcosus 10c 

200  CPacific 2j@2.30 

175  Day 40c 

2(50  Dudley 40@30c 

65  Eureka  Cou 17J018 

15  Grand  Prize 34 

400  Golden  Terra 10@11 

200  Gnodsbaw 25c 

30  J  Highbridge 25c 

100  Hussey 15c 

250  Hillside 2* 

40  lndep  udence 24 

780  Jupiter 60c 

20  J  ackson 61 

170  Leopard 1  JOI  .35 

20  Leeds 70c 

20  Manhattan 2* 

700  Martin  White 5 km 

300  McClinton 95cra>l 

190  Mono 3g@3.70 

SO  Navajo 20c 

425  Noonday 2.30@21 

100  Paradise \\ 

30  Raymond  &  Ely 31 

—  Red  Cloud 65c 

..65c 


150  S  Bulwer.  . 
215  Silver  Kim?. 

100  Star 50c 

135  Summit 2 

600  S  Bodie 40c 

1650  Tuscarora lOOjLc 

410  Tioga  Con 1.95@t.90 

Saturday  A.  91..  Mny  3. 

525  Argeuta 1.65(M.6i) 

225  Alta. ,.6J 

,    50  Alpha 18J 

„ )  Argenca ....H   150  Andes 30c 

£200  Albion 40c  200  Albion. 40c 


90  Best  &  Belcher 17 

235  Belcher 

130  Bullion 

lOtiO  Benton 4]@4.35 

1045  Bodie 9j 

2660  Bechtel 1.05@90c 

20  Bulwer li 

200  Belle  Isle 35c 

100  Black  Hawk 2.10 

240  Booker f"~" 

370  Belvidere 

100  Champion 20c 

185  Caliiornia *65@i 

335.  Con  Virginia 6: 

100  Chollar.. 6i 

1285  Con  Imperial 1.40 

325  Crown  Poiut 54<j»5j 

140  Confidence Hjt&'l^ 

375  Caledonia....   l.SOOjl.SC 

290  Caledonia  (B  H) S 

190  Challenge 23@2.7( 

300  Cou  Dorado 65t 

725  CPacific 2.35^2.61 

60O  Day   4  @4U< 

410  Dudley 4Q@45i 

240  Exchequer 5J@5, 

f.0  Eureka  Cou 17 

500  Flowery 50@60t 

245  Gould  H,  Curry 94.(a9C 

60  Grand  Prize 3.3L 

50  Golden  Terra W. 

ISO  H  &Norcross 12; 

420  Hillside 2.<r5@2.4< 

3uu  independence... .2*(g2. 5: 

3)0  Justice 3j@3.6f 

230  Julia 3.85@3.ti 

300  Jupiter 55@50. 

190  ivBiituck 4. 60 

175  L  Bryan 70@65c 

150  Lady  Wash....l.l5@1.2i 

200  Leviathan i>5@7(t 

400  Leopard 1.4. 

100  Leeds 7oi 

475  Mexican 370j36, 

260  Manhattan 24,@2.5.r 

100  Mackey I 

350  McClinton 95@90i 

50  Mouo 3. tit 

265  M  White 

50  New  York ... 

220  N  Con  Virginia.. 11J@1U 

iOO  N  Bonanza 1.15 

350  Noonday 24 

2U0  Northern  Belle 7 

I81O  Onhir 30O37 

lb5  Overman 93<*9J 

55  Potosi 33w3.oU 

300  Paradise 1{®1.40 

50  Real  del  Monte... 
200  Richer 

tsO  Savage 10S@11 

5  See  Belcher 2 

375  Scorpion 2.20@2j 

150  Silver  Hill 1 

50  Succor -10c 

4.5  Sierra  Nevada.... 51i@50 

10  Standard 34 

75  Summit 

450  Syndicate 

100  South  Standard 15c 

300  South  Bodie 35@50c 

200  S  Bulwer 70c 

136  Siiver  King 

60  Tioga 2@1.90 

600  Tuscarora 15@10c 

100  Tiptop 80c 

115  Utah 15 

140  Union  Con 74 

70  Woodville 25c 

50  Wells-Fargo 10c 

790  Ward l.I5@1.05 

340  Yellow  Jacket.... I6J@I 
Monday  A.  M..  May  5, 
2a0  Andes 40@3oc 

30  Alta 6>g6i 

50  Alpha IS* 

75  Best  &  Belcher 16: 

2b0  Baltimore  Con SO* 

165  Bullion 5i 

715  Belcher 6(fif5i 

440  Benton 4.3o@4i 

320  Challenge 23@2.6U 

555  California b£ 

930  Con  Imperial 1.35 

380  Crown  Point 5j<»5i 

10  i0  Con  Virginia 63@7 

110  Chollar 6, 

1170  Confidence .1' 

390  Caledonia 1.65(ol 

265  C  Dorado 85@90i 

550  Exchequer 5£@4.95 

100  Flowery 60c 

370  Gould  &  Curry 9g@9i 

290  Hale&Nor 123(412, 

215  Julia 3.85(o3.£0 

250  Justice 3.85(<x3.I.O 

100  Kentuck 44(84.60 

360  Lady  Bryan 50@55c 

200  Lady  Wash 1.10 

400  Leviathan 75@70c 

405  Miaxican i'"_  _ 

305  N  Bonanza 1.20(*1.3 

650  New  York i>5c 

100  North  Con  Vir 10:" 

1350  Ophlr 37i<&33-. 

100  Phil  Sheridan. 40c 

1500  Potosi 3.8f 

365  Savage U@ll 

200  Sierra  Nevada 50|te49. 

50  Succor 35c 


400  Silver  Hill H 

400  Scorpion 2.20@2.30 

25u  Trojan 5c 

180  Utah 14i@131 

435  Union  Con 74(06741 

200  Woodville 2^c 

350  Ward 1.05 

740  Yellow  Jacket..  ..154@15 

FTERNOON  SESSION. 

970  Argenta 1.60@U 

200  Bodie ; flj 

140  Bulwer 12 

350  BL.clt  Hawk 2 

500  Belvidere 90c@l 

320  Bechtel 1.05@1 

400  C  Pacific 3@2J 

400  Caledonia  IB  H) 2i 

500  Golden  Terra 12 

155  Grand  Prize.... 3. 45@3. 40 

1,0  Hillside 2i 

530  Independence.. 2. 60(S2. 65 

2?0  JacTtson 6J(56 

350  M  White 7 

635  Mono ,3.80@3.85 

20  Manhattan 24 

185  Northern  Belle 71 

750  Noonday 2.30(321 

100  Paradise 14 

410  Raymond  &  Ely 33<o> 

150  Tioga  Con 2.20 

j'lu'sriuv  A.  It!..  May  G. 

170  Alta 6@6J 

85  Alpha 19 

170  Andes 25c 

405  Belcher 52<p5T 

90  Best  &  Belcher 16{ 

80J  Baltimore  Con 90c(f*1 

4  5  Bullion 5<£4.95 

255  Benton 4.@4.05 

390  Caledonia 13 

.8 .0  California 7J<g7 

2561  Con  Virginia 7s(S7 

225  Challenge 2i@a,30 

150  Con  Dorado . . .  ,95c(^1.05 

75  Confidence 13i 

1085  Con  Imperial.  .1.30@1. 40 
110  Crown  Poiut...4.90(.«4.95 

165  Chollar. 6J(a6i 

255  Exchequer 5@5j 

15 J  Flowery 65@70c 

350  Gould  k  Curry, 9 

255  H  &  Norcross. . .  .121(rtl2g 

4^.5  Julia 3.80@  5 

165  Justice 3.70 

50  L  Bryan 55c 

40  Leviathan 65@70c 

380  Mtxican  364(f|36 

100  Mackey 1.55 

£0  MtView 8 

435  N  Bonanza.  ...1.35@1.30 
150  North  Con  Vir.  .llj(*ll;j 

170  New  York 60c 

t70  Ophir 371@37A 

5  Oveimau 9 

600  Phil  Sheridan.... 40@45e 

115  Potosi 3.S0ljy3.S5 

110  Savage lk*10g 

t05  Silv.rHill U@1.15 

100  Succor 35c 

SO  Sierra  Nevada. . .  .49<S4S4 

225  Scorpion 2i@2.3ti 

50  SoUd  Silver 2  c 

250  Trojan 5c 

40  Utah 14J@144 

125  Union  Con 73l@724 

100  Woodvillo 25c 

900  Wells-Fargo.' 5@:0c 

225  Ward l.bS@l 

830  Yellow  Jacket... 154@log 

AFTK^OOW  HKBSIun. 

200  Albion 25c 

500  Argenta @1.30@t.2O 

100  Belmont 40c 

610  Bodie 9ji@9i 

820  Bulwer 12wilj 

20  Be  videre 75c 

100  Black  Hawk 2 

2tf0  Bouker 45c 

485  CPacific 2.90@2.85 

50  Champion 10c 

500  Day 45@50c 

230  Dudley 35(^4.  c 

80  Eureka  Con 17* 

1000  Fourth  July 35c 

20  Grand  Prize 3.40 

400  Gila 10c 

200  Golden  Terra...  .12i@12i 

100  Hussey 15c 

700  Highbridge 30@25c 

125  Hillside 2.15 

200  Hamburg 40c 

830  Independence 23 

100  Jacksou 64 

200  Jupiter 50c 

250  Leopard ..,..1J 

200  McClinton 90c 

850  Mono 3i<#3.80 

15n  Northern  Belle 7 

490  Noonday 2J(a2.20 

200  Paradise 14 

225  Raymond  &  Ely... 2. 90@3 

100  Red  Cloud 50c 

190  Summit if 

S5  Silver  King S{ 

250  S  Bodie 35(*40c 

100  Syndicate 24. 

550  S  Bulwer 60@65c 

360  Tioga 2.30@21 

890  Tiptop 75@80c 

luO  TTniversity 40c 


SALES  OF   LAST  WEEK   AND  THIS  COMPARED 

Tlinrsd'y  A.  M.,  May  8. 

120  Alpha 17u*174 

425  Alta 3@5l 

210  Besti  Belcher.  ..1440143 

745  Belcher 4l@li 

305  Bullion 4A 

290  Btnton 34 

2380  California 7(S7i 

1450  Con  Imperial.  ...1.20(tfdi 

595  Crown  Point 3.9  @4 

185  Confidence 11@1H 

200  Caledonia 1.4O01J 

250  Challenge 21 

420  Exchequer 4.45@14 

70  Flowery 5-:c 

615  Gould&Curry 7E<87$ 

455  Hale&Nor 10J©10i 

255  Justice 3«t3J 

315  Julia 303.40 

35  Kontuck 4@4j 

185  Lady  Bryan 50c 

245  Lady  Wash 1 

160  Leviathan 65@60c 

525  Mexican 310)314 

50  Mountain  View 7 

200  New  York 60c 

50  North  Con  Vir 9 

4S5  NBonanza 1.20 

1550  Ophir 314033 

165  Overman 7 

215  Savage 93093 

530  Sierra  Nevada. . .  .424043 


Thursday  A.  HI.,  May.  1. 
100  Alta 6| 

10  Alpha in 

85  Best&  Belcher 16£ 

1295  Belcher 6A06E 

230  Bullion 5j_" 

100  Benton A} 

495  California 6g<_  ." 

1050  Con  Virginia 6? 

650  Con  Imperial 1.40 

30  Confidence 144 

330  Crown  Point 5g 

220  Caledonia 1.9001. So 

270  Challenge 2J@2.85 

800  Exchuquer 5JJ 

1840  Flowery 65@S0c 

315  Gould&Curry 9i09i 

270  Hale  &  Nor U3@ll| 

330  Justice 3.70@3j 

415  Julia 3*03.70 

100  Kentuck 

530  L  Bryan 70c 

150  LadvWash 1.150U 

250  Leviathan 60065c 

520  Mexican .344@343 

100  MtView aW- 

90  Mackey 

370  New  York 65070c 

50  NCon  Vir Ll| 

750  N  Bonanza.  ...1.1001.20 
200  Ophir 33J@34 

35  Overman 9f 

270  Potosi 3.81 

130  Savage 104 

'25  Set:. Belcher 

600  Succor 30c 

650  SierraNevada 48J049 

185  Silver  HiU U 

100  Scorpion 2.30 

50  Trojan 5c 

115  Utah 15J015[ 

60  Union  Con 714072 

200  Woodville 20c 

50  Wells-Fargo 5c 

300  Ward 1.10@1.05 

430  Yellow  Jacket. . .  .16§@17 

\PTKENOON  SEHBluiJ. 

100  Albion 35c 

1100  Argenta 1301.80 

100  Belmont 20c 

595  Booker 4O05dc 

400  Black  Hawk 2,10 

295  Bulwer 12J012: 

600  Belvidere 1 .15 

1320  Bechtel 1@1.I0 

1115  Bodie 94093 

450  Champion lr  («  20c 

23  5  Caledonia  IE  H). 2. 20021 
200  CPacific 21 


415  Silver  Hill 1.30<ffll 

375  Scorpion 1  9-@:J 

200  Solid  Silver 25c 

450  Trojan 5c 

215  Utah 13 

270  Union  Con 641065 

205  Ward 65090 

830  Yellow  Jacket..  .133013g 


AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

800  Argenta.. 1  40011 

500  Booker 45040c 

245  Belvidere 1085c 

185  Bulwer 1140111 

320  Bodie 9J09 

405  Bechtel 1 

100  Black  Hawk 13 

100  Belmont 40c 

300  Champion 5c 

575  CPacific 2.6002$ 


MINING  SHAREHOLDERS'  DIRECTORY. 


Compiled  every  Thursday  from  Advertisements  in  Mining  and  Scientific  Press  and  other  S.  F.  Journals. 
ASSESSMENTS-STOCKS  ON  THE  LISTS  OP  THE  BOARDS. 


Company. 

Location. 

No. 

Amt. 

Levied. 

Delinq' 

\-t.    Sale. 

Secretary. 

Place  of  Business 

Andes  S  M  Co 

Nevada 

n 

K 

May  5 

June  11 

Julyl 

M  Landers 

30S  Montgomery  st 

Booker  Con  G  M  Ob 

California 

■2 

25 

Apr  23 

Juue2 

June  23 

W  H  Lent 

309  Montgomery  st 

Brilliant  M  Co 

Nevada 

•i 

S 

Apr  26 

May  30 

June  21 

WAM  Van  Bokkelen           419  Cal  st 

Best  &  Be lcher  M  Co 

Nevada 

14 

1  I'll 

Apr  17 

May  21 

June  10 

Wm  Willis 

309  Montgomely  st 

Bechtel  Con  M  Co 

California 

i 

«5 

Apr  19 

May  26 

June  16 

Wm  HLent 

309  Montgomery  st 

Belmont  M  Co 

Nevada 

W 

311 

Apr  4 

May  10 

June  2 

JWPew 

310  Finest 

Caledonia  S  M  Co 

Nevada 

•21 

50 

April 

May  16 

June  6 

R  Wegener 

414  California  st 

Crown  Point  Kavine  G  &  S  M  Co       Nev 

B 

15 

Apr  16 

May  20 

June  9 

J  M  Buffington 

309  California  Bt 

Gila  S  M  Co 

Nevada 

4 

20 

Apr  30 

June  3 

June  23 

Wm  W  ParriBh 

328  Montgomery  st 

McCrackin  Con  M  Co 

Arizona 

Si 

511 

Oct  22 

Mar  3 

May  15 

H  A  Whiting 

211  SanFnme  st 

Modock  Con  M  Co 

California 

K 

5(1 

Feb  13 



May  15 

J  w  p™ 

310  Pine  st 

Mono  G  M  Co 

California 

3 

50 

Mar  27 

Mayl 

May  21 

Wm  H  Lent 

309  Montgomery  st 

North  Carson  S  M  Co 

Nevada 

« 

4ft 

Apr  26 

June  2 

June  20 

J  \V-Morgan 

318  Finest 

W  Con  Virginia  M  Co 

Nevada 

K 

1  00 

Mar  21 

Apr  24 

May  13 

G  C  Pratt 

309  Montgomery  st 

Panther  M  Co 

Nevada 

11 

HI 

Apr  3 
Mar  24 

May  7 

May  28 

JWPew 

310  Pine  st 

Phil  Sheridan  G  &  S  M  Co 

Nevada 

it 

411 

Apr  25 

May  13 

D  L  Thomas 

203  Bush  st 

Trojan  M  Co 

Nevada- 

III 

•la 

Apr  9 

May  15 

June  6 

David  Wilder     . 

328  Montgomery  st 

Raymond  &  Ely  M  Co 

Nevada 

11 

1   HI 

Apr  23 

June  2 

Julyl 

Jos  Roberts.  Jr 

330  Pine  st 

Real  Del  Monte  M  Co 

Nevada 

li 

Ml 

Mar  29 

Mayl 

May  20 

C  V  D  Hubbard 

203  Bush  st 

Sierra  Nevada  S  M  Co 

Nevada 

57 

2  00 

Apr  16 

May  20 

June  10 

W  W  Sletson 

309  Montgomery  st 

Succor  M  &  M  Co 

Nevada 

~a 

Ml 

Apr  23 

May  28 

June  17 

Wm  H  Watson 

302  Montgomery  Bt 

Tioga  Con  M  Co 

California 

5 

20 

Apr  3 

May  8 

May  28 

W  H  Lent 

309  Montgomery  st 

Tuecavora  M  &  M  Co 

Nevada 

,H 

115 

Mar  27 

May  5 

May  30 

M  E  Sperling 

309  California  st 

Union  Con  S  M  Co 

Nevada 

12 

1  50 

Apr  2 

May  5 

May  24 

J  M  Buffington 

309  California  st 

Yellow  Jacket  S  M  Co 

NevTSda 

as 

1  00 

Apr  15 

May  19 

June  17 

Mercer  Otey 

Gold  Hill,  Nev 

Wella  Fargo  M  Co 

Nevada 

12 

25 

Apr  23 

May  24 

June  10 

OHBogart 

106  Leidesdorff  st 

OTHER  COMPANIES- 

NOT  ON  THE  LISTS  OF  THE  BOARDS. 

Amazon  Con  M  Co 

Nevada- 

fi 

10 

Mar  24 

May  12 

June  3 

Jno  Crockett 

203  Bush  at 

Almaden  Q  M  Co 

California 

■2 

25 

ADr  15 

May  17 

June  10 

J  F  Mahoney 

207  Sansome  st 

Black  Hawk  O  M  Co 

California 

ti 

2b 

Apr  28 

June  5 

June  28 

H  A  Charles 

419  California  st 

Butte  Creek  H  M  Co 

California 

2 

25 

Apr  16 

May  17 

June  17 

R  L  Taylor 

310  Pine  st 

Champion  M  Co 

California 

a 

15 

Apr  15 

May  21 

June  10 

Jno  Crockett 

201  Bush  st 

Cherokee  Flat  Blue  Grav  Co 

California 

41 

115 

Apr  10 

May  12 

Juue  10 

RNVan  Brunt 

318  Pine  st 

Dudley  M  Co 

California 

:i 

25 

Apr  8 

May  10 

June  9 

E  C  Masten 

309  Montgomery  st 

Eagle  S  M  A  M  Co 

Nevada 

13 

211 

Apr  16 

May  20 

June  10 

Jno  E  Dixon 

327  Pine  st 

Equitahle  T  &  M  Co 

Utah 

211 

10 

Mai'  21 

Apr  23 

May  14 

Chas  J  Collins 

227  Montgom  ry  at 

Florence  B'ue  Grav  M  Co 

Cal  ifornia 

4 

115 

Apr  18 

May  22 

June  9 

F  A.McGee 

Globe  f'onMCo 

Nevada 

11 

III 

Mar  29 

Anr  30 

May  26 

O  H  Bogart 

106  Leidesdorff  st 

Goodshaw  M  Co 

California 

a 

HI 

Apr  23 

May  30 

June  20 

Victor  Fernbach 

327  Pine  st 

Hidalgo  M  &  S  Co 

California 

1 

111 

Mar  29 

Mny  8 

June  9 

.1  CoRta 

323  Front  st 

Jupiter  M  Co 

California 

3 

20 

Apr  24 

May  26 

June  25 

E  C  Masten 

309  Montgomely  st 

Lewi*  Con  S  M  Co 

Arizona 

1 

02 

Mar  26 

May  3 

May  26 

JWPew 

310  Pin :  st 

Mayflower  Gravel  M  Co 

California 

4 

HI 

Mar  26 

Apr  30 

May  20 

J  Morizfo 

32s  Montgomery  st 

McMillen  S  M  Co 

Arizona 

2 

25 

Mar  19 

Apr  23 

May  15 

J  Morlzio 

328  Montgomery  st 

Mt  Jefferson  M  &  M  Co 

California 

K 

05 

Mar  21 

May  2 

May  27 

R  N  Van  Brunt 

318  Pine  st 

North  Bonanza  M  Co 

Nevada 

a 

Ml 

Apr  30 

June  4 

June  29 

W  W  Stetson 

309  Montgomery  at 

Northern  Light  G  &  S  M  Co 

California 

4 

10 

Apr  9 

May  14 

June  2 

S  F  Monroe 

419  CaHfornia  st 

North  Noonday  M  Co 

California 

1 

20 

Mar  27 

May  2 

May  23 

G  A  Holden 

310  Pine  st 

Noondav  M  Co 

California 

■i 

211 

Mar  27 

Mayl 

May  22 

G  A  Holden 

310  Pine  Bt 

Oro  M  Co 

California 

1 

115 



May  8 



William  Stuart 

320  Sansome  st 

Rocky  Point  M  Co 

California 

1 

HI 

Apr  17 

May  29 

June  16 

T  L  Bibbins 

314  Bush  st 

Silver  King  South  M  Co 

Arizona 

3 

III 

Mar  12 

Apr  23 

May  20 

A  .Tudson 

320  Sansome  st 

Seg  Eurona  M  Co 

Nevada 

1 

25 

Apr  4 

May  8 

May  27 

RBNoyes 

240  Montgomery  st 

Silver  Hill  M  Co 

Nevada 

K 

50 

Apr? 

May  13 

June  3 

W  E  Dean 

203  Bush  st 

Selby  Hill  M  Co 

California 

2 

50 

Apr  19 

May  26 

June  12 

H  Aug  Whiting 

211  Sansome  st 

Sophia  (i  M  Co 

California 

1 

02!  Apr  23 

May  26 

June  13 

L  L  Blood 

Merchants'  Ex 

South  Utah  M  Co 

Nevada 

a 

11) 

Apr  7 

May  10 

May  31 

C  8  Healy           Merchants'  Exchange 

Tiger  M  Co 

Arizona 

3 

311 

Mar  14 

Apr  23 

May  19 

W  H  Lent 

309  Montgomery  st 

Twin  Peak  M  Co 

Nevada 

a 

Iji 

April 

May  16 

June  5 

T  W  Colburn 

414  California  st 

University  GMOo 

California 

1 

10 

Marl 

Apr  5 

Apr  26 

Wm  Letts  OliviA 

328  Montgm'y  st 

MEETINGS  TO  BE  HELD. 

Name  of  Company. 

Location. 

SECRETARy. 

Oeeice 

IN  S.  F. 

Meeting. 

Date 

Diana  G  &  S  M  Co 

Nevada 

Jno  T  McGeoEheh 

m            318  Pine  at 

Special 

May  12 

Golden  Gate  Con  H  M  Co 

California 

J 

i  T  Gc oghehaii 

318  Pine  st 

Special 

May  23 

Pioneer  Con  M  Co 

Nevada 

J  M  Buffington 

309  California  st 

Special 

May  19 

Hussey  Con  G  &  S  M  Co 

Nevada 

Jno  E  Dixon 

327  Pine  st 

Annual 

May  26 

Selby  Hill  M  Co 

California 

11  Aug  w  biting 

211  Sausome  st 

Special 

May  i 

LATEST 

DIVIDENDS-WITHIN 

THREE    MONTHS 

Name  cp  Company. 

Location. 

Secretary. 

Office 

IN  S.  F. 

Amount. 

PA TABLE 

Con  Virginia  M  Co 

Nevada 

A  W  Haven 

309  Montgomery  st 

50 

AprX15 
Apr  21 

Excelsior  W&  M  Co 

California 

O  P  Thurston 

315  California  st 

25 

Euri  ka  Con  M  Co 

Nevada 

W  \V  Traylor 

37  Nevada  Block 

1  00 

Apr  21 

Napa  Con  Q  M  Co 

California 

Wm  W  ParriBh 

328  Montgomery  st 

10 

Apr  30 

Standard  Con  M  Co 

California 

W  Willis 

309  Montgomery  st 

E0 

ADr  12 

300  Day 45{ai0c 

410  Dudley 35@Wc 

165  Eureka  Cou 17<gl7i 

1750  Fourth  Julv 35@J0c 

300  Grand  Prize 3J 

700  Golden  Terra 10@11 

250  Goodshaw 30c 

150  Hussey 15c 

310  Hillside 2i@2.60 

900  Highbridge 30c 

150  Independence 2.; 

250  Jupiter.. 50c 

300  Leopard 1J 

140  Manhattan 2j 

15  M  White b 

350  McClinton 95c(»] 

190  Mono 3*03.60 

5-10  Noonday 2.20(9)2.30 

60  Northern  Belle 6j(a7 

6  '  Paradise li 

210  Raymond  &  Ely 3i 

100  S  Bulwer 65(S70c 

395  Summit 2 

645  Silver  King 8@sj 

200  South  Standard..  15@20c 

200  S  Bodie 35c 

1195  Tioga  Con 2 

1050  Tuscarora 10c 

100  Tiptop 75c 


500  Dudley 30@25c 

100  Day 40c 

60U  Endowment 15c 

85  Eureka  Con 17 

500  Fourth  July 35c 

320  Golden  Terra 14J@14 

25  Giant  &O  A 5 

20U  GoodBhaw 25c 

300  Grand  Prize 3.40@3J 

50  Hamburg 40c 

4  0  Hillside 2i 

100  Highbridge 35c 

850  independence.... 2J@2. 90 

30  Jackson 6 

300  Jupiter 50c 

9S0  Leopard U@1.40 

100  Leeds 75o 

200  Martin  White 7 

440  Mono 3.40@3.35 

295  Navajo 20c 

1115  Noonday 1.90@2 

190  Northern  Belle 7 

25  Kaymond&Ely....3i@23 

100  Real  del  Monte 3 

640  SBodie 40035c 

45  Silver  King 8 

120  Syndicate 2J@2.80 

210  S  Bulwer 60c 

115  Tioga  Con 2.30@2i 


California  Board —Latest  Sales. 


Tncsday  A.  M.,  May  C. 

40  Alpha 183018! 

100  Alta Gi@6i 

100  Argenta 1.60 

150  JEtna. 6c 

270  Atlanta lc 

50  Belcher 5g<ofi5.90 

200  Brilliant 20c 

30  Best&Belcher IHt 

90  Bullion 5<®5.10 

80  California 74 

90  Con  Virginia  . . .  .7JO7.30 

200  Con  Imperial. 1.30 

90  CrownPoint.. .4.9504.90 

70  Chollar 6(*6.05 

100  Challenge 2.8QO>2J| 

125  Caledonia I  l@l .  80 

90  Exchequer 4.95^4.90 

SO  Gould  &  Curry. . .  .909.10 

450  Hartford 1.60@1 

30  Hale&Nor 12; 

220  Julia 3.£5@3.8t 

90  Justice 3J@3.60 

50  L  Bryan 60c 

30  Mexican 36i@36g 

100  N  Sierra  Nevada 5c 

30  Ophir 37J@38 

40  Savage 108 WlO;' 

30  Sierra  Nevada.... 49@48i 

1000  SUtah to 

1U0  Senator 30c 

50  Silver  Jacket 70c 

250  Silver  Hill 1.20OH 

20  Union 74i@75 

1000  DFlag 4c 

150  Wells-Fai  go 5c 

150  Wm  Penn : . . .  .25c 


30  Yellow  Jacket  ..15]@152 

AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

30  Alpha 190191 

20  Alta 64@6J 

100  jKtna 7c 

3500  Atlanta lc 

10J  Almaden  Q 2c 

40  Bullion 505i 

10  Belcher 5| 

20  Beet  &  Belcher... 15i@15j? 

50  Crown  Point 5(a4 .  95 

300  Coso  Con 504c 

70  California 7 ft 

30  Chollar 6} 

80  ConVirtrinia 7J@7 

80  Exchequer 5$@5.30 

100  Endowment 20c 

200  Enterprise 1 

50  Gould  &  Curry 9@9J 

150  Goodshaw 30c 

100  Glen  Dale 35o 

30  Hale&Nor 12g 

80  Julia 3.80O*J 

90  Justice 3!@3.70 

30  Mexican 360361 

110  Mono 3| 

500  N  Sierra  Nevada 5c 

250  Noonday 1JO1.80 

40  Ophir 37S037i 

90  Potosi 3.85031 

10  Savage 11 

20  Sie«ra  Nevada.  ,.48i@48J 

150  Trojan 6c 

30  Tiger 14 

40  Union  Con 73@72(, 

60  Wales 1@14 

40  Yellow  Jacket . .  .153<2?15J 


Pacific  Board— Latest  Sales. 


Tuesday  A.  MM  May  (J, 

150  Alta 5g@6 

100  Belcher 5.80 

50  Best&Belchur lojt 

150  Con  Virginia... 7. 05O>7. 10 

15  California 7@74 

270  Con  Imperial 1.35 

50  Chollar "' 

130  Exchequer  

160  Gould  &  Curry 8.90 

20  Hale&Nor 12| 


10  Justice 3.55 

130  Mexican 36J(*363 

140  Ophir 37* 

20  Overman 8|@9 

100  Potoni 3.80 

440  Silver  Hill 1. 1501.10 

105  Savage 105@10f 

20  Sierra  Nevada 48$ 

20  Utah 144 

50  Yellow  Jacket... 15J0151 


Mining  Share  Market 

The  fluctuations  of  the  market  during  the 
past  week  give  it  much  the  appearance  of  a 
"chopped  sea."  It  has  been  up  and  down  al- 
ternately, weak  one  moment  and  strong  the 
next,  but  nothing  very  long  at  any  time.  The 
prospect  is  problematical,  though  not  very  en- 
couraging. There  has  certainly  been  a  gain  in 
activity.  Business  has  increased  steadily  and 
the  entire  market  has  undergone  a  very  percep- 
tible hardening.  This  has  been  the  general 
tendency.  The  outline,  however,  has  been 
filled  in  with  many  violent,  frequent,  and  for 
the  most  part,  unexplainable,  fluctuations. 
The  stock  exhibiting  the  most  activity  has  been 
Ophir.  Here,  the  movement  may  be  accounted 
for  by  the  late  developments  of  ore  in  the  in- 
cline below  the  2300  level.  Mexican,  Union, 
Sierra  Nevada  and  other  north  end  stocks  ad- 
vanced through  sympathy  but  not  to  a  remark- 
able extent.  Now  that  the  newConatitution  ques- 
tion is  settled  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  the,,  mar- 
ket will  become  clearer  and  more  decided  one 
way  or  the  other,  for  as  it  stands  at  present, 
it  iB  simply  distracting.  There  was  a  slight 
shading  oft"  both  in  prices  and  business  towards 
the  close  of  the  week,  but  the  condition  of 
things  was  brighter  and  more  encouraging  than 
for  the  one  preceding. 

Bullion  Shipments. 

Since  our  last  issue,  we  have  noticed  the  fol- 
lowing bullion  shipments: 

Christy,  May  5th,  §5,214;  Paradise  Valley, 
May  3d,  §6,140;  Alexander.  May  3d,  $9,958.27; 
Ophir.  April  29th,  $20,017.36  ^Independence, 
May  5th,  $6,400;  Hillside,  May  4th,  $5,220; 
Ophir,  May  5th,  $11,442.40;  Con  Virginia,  May 
5th,  $21,094.63;  California,  May  5th,  $52,353.07. 

Paper  Fkiction  Pulleys. — A  cheap  form 
of  friction  pulley  is  now  made  by  cutting  pieces 
of  pasteboard  into  diskg  of  the  size  of  the  re- 
quired pulley,  pasting  them  heavily  with  hot 
glue  and  laying  one  over  the  other  until  the 
proper  thickness  is  obtained.  The  hole  for  the 
shaft  is  cut  in  each  piece  before  they  are  glued 
together,  and  when  the  wheel  has  been  formed 
it  may  be  pressed  till  the  glue  is  cold.  The 
face  of  the  pulley  may  then  be  turned  down 
smooth  in  a  lathe  and,  to  make  a  firm  edge, 
iron  rings  or  clamps  may  be  fastened  to  the 
sides.  Such  paper  pulleys  are  said  to  run  with 
good  usage  for  a  long  time. 


May  10,  1879.  | 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


JOINING     |UMMARY. 

The  following  it  mostly  condensed  from  Journals  pub- 
lished in  the  interior,  in  proximity  lo  the  mine*  aivitUcn-d. 

CALIFORNIA. 
ALPINE. 

SOWB  —Signal,  April  SO:  "The  Monitor  ami  North- 
western "—  "Silver  Obuion"— "AilTAnea"— "Bostoo"  min- 
ing l  impany  have  shut  down  for  the  present,  preparatory 
to  another  otart  under  a  new  name,  but  doubll.-m  the  old 
plan.     They  keep  two  or  three  men  emplo\cd  U*  take  rare 

of  their  property  la  the  meantime.  This  ecxohaUc  com- 
pany have  recently  undergone  ..nother  change  o(  name, 
thereby  turning  a  penny  ">r  two.  The  Colorado  No.  'J 
couip^ny  Just  completed  a  ran  ol  about  100  tons  of  ore 
in  ttie  boston  mill,  and  will  probably  know  the  result  in 
a  few  days.    Ttn>y  are  putting  concentrators  la  their  own 

mill, and  hop,;  to  be  able  to  start  up  in  about  tbr.  , 
There  is  faith  in  the  merit*  of  the  mines  in  thin  district, 
but  not  in  the  honesty  of  the  men  who  pretend  to  develop 
them.  McMnt.  Griffith,  Curtz,  Arnold  et  at,  will  give 
the  stockholders  in  this  company  a  square  deal,  notwith- 
standing that  they  received  their  mining  education  in  so 
had  a  school.  A  few  months  will  lufltcc  to  decide  both 
the  value  of  the  mine  and  the  honesty  and  efficient 
managers. 

AMADOR. 

New  Mink  —Ledger,  May  3:  On  the  17th  of  March  last, 
the  South  Spring  Hill  eompmy  commenced  operations  on 
aolalmafew  rods  from  the  Keystone.  Tho  shaft  they 
are  now  linking  bas  reached  a  depth  of  25  ft,  or  timbered 
that  far.  They  propose  to  sink  to  a  depth  of  4(10  or  500  ft 
before  they  commence  cr  sseutting.  The  location  hj  orj 
the  Keystone  belt     All  the  machinery  [son  the  ground. 

The  North  Govkr, — This  company  has  emerged  from 
it-,  litigation  tannic,  and  now  has  an  unclouded  title  to  Its 
Claim.  The  company  proposo  lo  enter  Immediately  upon 
active  development  of  the  mine. 

MatioSEV.— The  new  shaft  of  the  Mahoncv  mine,  at 
8utter  Creek,  is  down  about  30  ft.  Powerful  hoisting  ma- 
chinery hae  been  purchased  in  New  York  to  be  erected 
over  this  shaft.  The  superintendent  expects  to  prosecute 
sinking  operations  right  along,  and  as  soon  as  the  proper 
depth  has  been  reached,  the  development  of  the  mine  will 
be  proceeded  with. 

MiscKLLANKors. — A  rich  strike  la  reported  in  the  Qover 
nine.  The  rock  is  looking  hotter  than  for  months  pant. 
]  be  last  crushing  of  Downs'  rock,  at  Volcano,  yielded  an 
averaire  of  §a2  per  ton. 

Plymouth  Itrmh.—  The  Hercules  mine  closed  down  on 
Friday  of  last  week,  until  after  election.  The  Centennial 
mine  is  also  idle.  The  Phoenix  mine  and  mill  arc  in  full 
blast.  Two  men  have  taken  a  contract  to  clean  out  the 
old  shaft  on  Green  it  Aden's  claim. 

CALAVERAS. 

Mi  Kniv's  Eve— Citizen,  May  3:  Smith  A:  Co.  have 
their  new  hurdy-gurdy  wheel  in,  and  their  mill  near 
Murphy's  is  in  active  operation.  Chapman  &  Co.  have 
purchased  the  mill  on  the  Garibaldi  mine,  at  Dogtown, 
and  are  putting  it  up  uear  Murphy's.  It  will  be  run 
mostly  on  custom  work.  Collier's  mine  is  paying  well, 
$2,000  being  cleaned  up  in  two  weeks'  run.  The  Union 
Water  company  have  a  large  force  of  Chinamen  employed 
enlarging  the  Dogtown  ditch.  Wallace  &  Co.  are  getting 
some  fine  rock  from  their  mine  situated  on  Indian  creek. 

ELDORADO- 

Brilliant  Prospects.— Placervillo  Democrat,  May  :t: 
Reports  of  a  most  encouraging  character  come  from  the 
Esperanza  mine,  near  Garden  valley,  which  N.  D.  Bur- 
lingham  is  engaged  In  opening  and  developing,  At  a 
depth  of  130  ft  on  the  ledge,  about  100  ft  perpendicular, 
Mr  Burlingham  has  drifted  ah  jut  13  ft,all  the  way  iu  ore, 
and  h  is  not  yet  reached  tho  hanging  wall.  For  14  ft  of 
distance  drilled  every  particle  of  quartz  that  has  been 
tested  has  given  a  good  prospect.  It  Is,  thus  far,  the 
finest  raining  development  made  in  El  Dorado  county  for 
many  years. 

Rich  Rock.—  Republican,  May  1:  Some  of  the  richest 
quartz  specimens  seen  for  a  long  time  were  lately  ex- 
hibited by  Mr  J.  W.  Johnson,  who,  with  hid  father  and 
brothers,  have  a  mine  on  or  near  French  creek,  Mud 
Springs  township.  The  specimens  contained  from  glO  to 
$30  e  ich,  all  containing  considerably  more  gold  than 
quartz.  Most  of  the  gold  taken  out  is  of  this  character, 
and  many  thousands  of  dollars  have  already  been  secured 
from  the  claim,  all  of  which  has  been  worked  in  a  hand 
mortar. 

Kici!  Quartz.— Cal.  Duden,  railroad  agent  at  Latrobe, 
has  a  10-it  ledge  at  the  depth  of  100  ft,  and  enough  drift- 
ing has  been  done  to  establish  its  permanency.  Nego- 
tiations for  its  sale  to  a  Boston  company  are  now  pending, 
at  a  handsome  price.  There  is  no  doubt  but  that  the  sale 
will  be  speedily  consummated,  and  that  it  will  be  the 
means  of  developing  other  rich  mines  in  the  vicinity.  It 
is  the  intention  of  the  parties  negotiating  to  put  up  a 
first-class  mill  and  hoisting  works  at  once,  already  having 
satisfied  themselves  of  the  character  and  permanency  of 
the  ledge. 

INYO 

The  Ihdiax  a.— Independent,  April  2G:  Such  is  the 
name  of  the  principal  mine,  so  far  as  opened,  of  the  newly 
discovered  series  above  and  about  three  miles  from  Swan- 
sea, belonging  to  Messrs  Boley  &,  Tuttle.  They  are  now 
extracting  ore  of  astonishing  richness,  from  a  vein  rang- 
ing from  15  to  18  inches  thick.  Ten  tons  of  ore  are  now 
on  the  dump,  assaying  from  $300  to  82,000  per  ton,  which 
will  be  shipped  to  market  as  soon  as  sacks  can  be  ob- 
tained. The  ore  is  covered  with  patches  of  a  light  pink 
colored  horn  silver.  James  Hauger  has  located  another 
claim  in  that  vicinity,  showing  the  same  class  of  ricl>ore, 
which  is  now  being  prospected.  Considerable  attention 
Is  being  attracted  to  that  region. 

Modock. — Work  at  all  points  is  going  ahead  well  and 
continues  favorable.  Tunnel  1000  level  was  run  39  ft  last 
week,  making  a  total  length  to  date,  1,481  ft.  Shaft  from 
SCO  level  was  sunk  11  ft,  and  is  now  down  386  ft.  Distance 
made  in  upraise  tor  the  week,  14  ft,  giving  present  hight 
of  raise  96  ft.  The  ground  beyond  the  cave  is  soft  lime- 
stone, breaks  well,  and  the  tunnel  is  making  good  prog- 
ress. They  ore  crowding  work  ahead  as  fast  as  possible 
in  shaft  and  upraise  to  make  connection  for  air.  The 
length  of  tunnel  makes  it  necessary,  while  stoping  up- 
raise, to  utilize  all  tho  air  that  can  be  forced  in  at  the 
breast.  The  addition  of  small  boiler  gives  much  better 
air  than  heretofore  had,  but  not  in  such  quantity  that 
they  can  dispense  with  any  considerable  portion  or  it  for 
other  purposes.  General  appearance  of  ground  at  points 
where  work  is  being  carried  on  is  very  favorable. 

Snow'h  Cannon  -  Snow's  Canyon  mill,  under  lease  to 
Birchett  &  Parker,  and  under  foremanship  of  J.  H.  Grove, 
Btarted  up  for  a  continuous  run.  The  first  lot  of  ore  to 
be  worked  is  some  nine  tons  from  the  Virginia  mine,  be- 
longing >to  Groves  &  Mitchell.  A  lot  of  44  tons  now  out 
at  the  dump  of  the  Imperial,  belonging  to  Ross  &  Smiih, 
will  be  reduced,  together  with  the  amounts  to  be  ex- 
tracted by  a  force  of  Bix  miners  as  the  work  progresses. 
The  St  Elmo  mine,  the  property  of  Freeman  &  Logue, 
has  taken  out  some  10  tons,  while  many  other  prospecting 
parties  have  on  hand  from  1  to  10  ton3  each.  The  ore  is 
of  high  grade  common  to  the  Snow  canyon  mines,  con- 
taininggold  and  silver.  Prospecting  has  taken  a  material 
advance  in  the  district,  and  in  all  probabilities  the  mill 
.  will  not  have  occasion  to  shut  down  for  some  two  or  three 
months  to  come, 

MARIPOSA. 

Princeton.— Gazette,  May  3:  Mr.  D.  Gourguet,  Super- 
intendent of  the  Merced  River  tunnel,  has  struck  it  rich 
in  that  claim.  The  vein  is  large,  measuring  three  ft,  and 
the  ore  is  unusually  rich,  assaying  way  up  in  the  hun- 
dreds. 

Ferguson  Mine.— This  mine  is  situated  on  the  main 
Merced  river,  about  five  miles  west  of  Hito's  Cove,  and   ig 


301 


now  in  sucw«ful  operation,  running  a  10-iUmp  mill  by 

mater-power.     1  he  proprietors  or-  Mr   John  rVruson, 

hman  and  Sherwood,   under   the   siylo   of 

uw  rVr~  -  ■pnnj     Mr.  Robert  Frauds  is 

Uiu  bupvriiiteiideui.  and  Mr  Joseph  Oplfl  the  blacksmith 
lhetou I  number  ol  men  employed  a  oal  the  mine  end 
mill  in  16.  The  shaft,  whnh  i*  ttOout  ftlft ft,  and  the  hoist- 
ing works  are  .bout  i,uoo  ft  from  the  mouth  ..1  the  main 

tunnel.  Hie  hunting  VOffc|  OOrttUSU  of  an  undercut 
i'iipru\(-iiit.'iit,  capable  of  huUlliig 
l.OuopuMiidn  to  the  backet.  The  mill  crushes  about  l> 
tons  of  qnsxu  lQ  M  hours.  The  company  obtain  their 
supplies  urluclpallj  from  Bonora,  Tuolumne  coon 
'■"  "  u  rioh  In  (res.  sold  end  the  oompanj  1-  prospering 
MONO 

Tns  Oao  Ifin.— Standard,  Uav  2:    This  property  Is 
utuaied  on  the  summit  of  Silver  hilt,  north  and  east  ol 
the Noonday, and dtrectlj out  ol  toe   tied  cloud.    The 
shaft  Is  down  LOO  ft     it  in  a  double-oomnartmoni 
lour,  mid  limbered  from  top  to  buiii.ni  in  llrrtt.  |... 

I  It,  crosscuts  Will  be   run   east  and   west 

for  the  three  ledges  belonglDg  to  the  company,    Thomas 
■  ipertnteudent 

ADDSWDJl  -The  water  is  troubling  a  little  in  bottom  of 
main  abaft,  now  down  *  depth  ol  400  ft,  and  it  Is  the  In- 
tention 10  put  in  a  Cameron  pump,  which  la  expected  to 
arrive  here  soon  by  fast  freight.  The  present  boiler  le  ol 
to  make  iteun  for  the  extra  Brigiue,  which  will 
ho  set  up  at  tho  460  level,  and  the  Btfl  un  C  urrled  down  in  ■ 
two-inch  pipe.  Of  courso,  if  any  great  body  of  water 
should  bo  encountered  In  the  mine,  it  would  put  the 
pump  to  tho  teat  very  soor..  It  Is  expected  to  prospect 
the  claim  to  a  depth  ol  loo  ft  at  least  below  the  level  In 
question.  The  quartz  in  the  bottom  of  the  shaft  is  of  bet- 
ter grade,  and  there  is  more'of  it. 

QoonsiUW.— The  east  crosscut,  450  levol,  is  In  200  ft,  an 
advance  of  17  ft  The  west  crosscut  is  in  126  ft,  an  ad- 
vance ol  n  It,  The  formation  In  the  oast  is  of  an  excel- 
lent character  of  iron-stained  porphyrv,  with  occasional 
seams  of  quartz.     The  west  crosscut  is  In  hard,  bhwumr 

rook  b 

The  niuBsT.—  The  east  crosscut  is  in  loo  ft,  an  advance 
of  17  ft  during  tho  week.  A  ledge  was  cut  in  this  drift, 
samples  from  which  assay  from  $40  to  $100  per  ton. 

Til*  Bodik  Tlwnbl  — Tho  tunnel  is  111  920  ft.  The  for- 
mation is  a  blue  bird's-eye  porphyry,  very  favorable  to 
the  working  of  a  vein.  The  air  continues  excellent,  owing 
to  the  flue  which  is  carried  under  the  track  floor. 

Standard.— On  the  ca?t  crosscut,  300  level,  toward  the 
Summit,  frnm  the  main  drift  south,  a  good  ledge  has  Just 
been  cut  at  a  point  260  ft  east,  prospecting  well.  It  ha* 
been  decided  to  put  in  the  big  pump  right  along,  and 
stone  for  the  engine  foundation  is  being  obtained  ie.r 
Huntoon's  ranch.  The  engine  will  be  placed  inside  of  the 
main  building.  Where  the  air  compressor  was  set  up, 
foundation  for  two  extra  boilers  was  also  prepared.  It 
will  probably  require  three  months  to  complete  the  work. 
The  crosscut  on  the  700  level  east  has  developed  a  much 
softer  and  more  favorable  formation,  as  If  a  ledgo  were 
making  of  importance.  The  winze  sinking  on  the  Burgess 
ledgo,  near  the  Connection  of  drifts  between  the  standaH1 
new  shaft  and  the  Bodio  claim,  has  come  upon  rich  ore 
agufu,  while  the  Bruce  works,  011  the  Standard  side,  are  as 
1  ich  in  free  gold  as  ever,  and  the  ore  faces  hold  out  iu 
size  everywhere  strong  and  clean.  One  of  the  most  singu- 
lar, and  possibly  important  features  of  this  portion  of  the 
claim,  is  the  appearance  of  horn  silver  iu  connection  with 
the  free  gold;  this  is  considered  very  suggestive  of  both 
great  permanence  and  importance.  The  Gildea  lodge,  one 
of  the  most  clean-cut  and  important  In  the  district,  never 
looked  better  than  it  does  to-day,  and  in  the  Standard 
claim.  One  thousand  tons  of  Standard  ore  will  be  crushed 
at  the  Syndicate  mill. 

NEVADA. 

Tub  Drain  Project.—  Union,  May  4:  The  contract  be- 
tween the  New  York  Hill  and  New  Rocky  Bar  mining 
companies  has  been  ratified  by  both,  by  wliich  the  drain 
tunnel  from  the  first  named  mine  shall  be  extended  into 
the  ground  of  the  latter,  by  wh  c  1  U  wi  1  he  drained  tj  a 
perpendicular  depth  of  200  ft  and  thus  relieve  it  of  the 
surplus  water  which  is  troublesome  In  a  wet  season. 
Operations  will  be  first  commenced  by  putting  up  pump- 
ing machinery  on  the  old  Chavanne  shaft  (though  the 
Rocky  Bar  was  worked  many  years  ago)  and  pump  it  out. 
When  this  is  accomplished,  the  work  of  driving  tho  tun- 
nel will  be  commenced  at  both  ends  and  prosecuted  as 
fast  as  practicable.  The  distance  to  be  runisab  >ut300lt. 
The  waste  rock  will  be  hoisted  out  by  the  respective  com- 
panies, the  New  York  llill  having  bargained  to  raise  the 
rock  from  their  end  of  the  tunnel  at  a  Axed  price  per  car- 
load. The  Rocky  Bar  company  is  now  calling  for  bids  for 
retimbering  the  Chavanne  shaft  down  to  water  level,  pre- 
paratory to  the  putting  in  of  a  pump.  The  water  is  now 
standing  in  the  incline  to  the  depth  of  about  250  ft. 

Scaddkn  Flat.— Superintendent  Richard  Roberts  has 
magnificent  specimens  of  gold-bearing  quartz  Just  taken 
out  by  tributers  in  the  Scadden  Flat  mine.  They  w«re 
taken  from  new  ground  on  the  first  level,  where  the  ledge 
is  strong  and  firm  and  pitching  downward  in  ground  that 
has  never  been  worked. 

Miscellaneous—  Foothill  Tidings,  May  3:  Work  on 
the  new  air  shaft  at  the  Idaho  mine  is  proceeding  as 
rapidly  as  possible.  About  200  ft  of  ground  has  yet  to  be 
opened  through.  When  completed,  this  air  shaft  will  give 
good  ventilation  from  the  tenth  level  to  the  surface.  The 
Argenta  mine  has  struck  good  pay  ore  and  holders  of  stock 
are  jubilant  over  their  prospects.  Some  of  the  machinery 
to  be  used  on  the  Schmidt  mine  has  been  put  in  place,  and 
work  is  being  pushed  rapidly  ahead  so  as  to  get  the  mine 
in  running  order,  as  soon  as  possible.  A  drift  is  now  be 
iug  opened  in  the  new  incline  of  the  Idaho  mine  180  ft  be- 
low the  10th  level,  or  1,180  ft  be\aw  the  surface.  After 
this  is  fairly  under  way  the  work  of  Bmking  the  incline 
deeper  will  be  resumed. 

Richmond.— Transcript,  May  4:  About  one  mile  east 
of  the  Omega  company's  property,  is  the  Richmond  mine, 
on  Diamond  creek.  For  nine  years  past  T.  P.  Merrill  has 
had  possession  of  this  claim,  He  has  never  worked  it  for 
himself  on  an  extended  plan,  being  about  70  years  old, 
and  too  feeble  to  engage  personally  in  its  development. 
He  has  leased  portions  of  it  to  private  parties  on  different 
occasions,  and  it  is  estimated  that  about  820,000  has  been 
taken  from  the  ground.  The  claim  is  surrounded  on  two 
sides  with  deep  canyons,  and  the  facilities  for  hydraulicing 
are  first-class.  It  has  recently  been  bonded  to  W.  R.  C. 
Smith,  of  San  Francisco.  It  is  understood  that  the  terms 
of  the  bond  are  310,000  cash— a  very  reasonable  sum  for 
ihe  mine.  The  claim  comprises  about  1,000  Bquare  ft,  a 
mere  handful  of  which  has  been  washed  off  in  one  spot 
where  it  payed  well. 

PLACER. 

Mining  Items.— Nevada  Transcript,  May  1:  The  South- 
ern Cross  and  Polar  Star  mines,  at  i)utch  Flat,  are  work- 
ing very  heavy  material.  Their  dump  is  300  ft  below  the 
tunnel,  and  is  in  Bear  river.  They  have  two  tunnels, 
which  will  take  out  50  acres  to  a  depth  of  200  ft.  The 
earth  will  pay  20  cents  a  cubic  yard,  which  is  very  rich. 
The  Cedar  Creek  company  has  only  48  ft  of  fall,  and  it  is 
thought  will  not  run  10  years.  They  have  washed  off 
their  mines  to  a  depth  of  175  ft,  and  have  now  between 
176  and  200  ft  of  their  best  dirt  below  the  present  surface. 
The  Bonanza  mine,  at  Gold  Run,  dumps  into  Canyon 
creek,  a  tributary  to  the  American.  The  bed  is  inclined 
so  steeply  that  all  the  tailings  go  out,  and  the  mine  could 
be  worked  forever  if  it  would  hold  out.  It  is  on  the  Blue 
Lead,  and  is  very  rich  on  the  bottom.  The  bedrock  is 
cleaned  up  carefully,  and  a  erood  deal  of  coarse  gold  found. 
A  chunk  worth  $160  was  picked  up  a  little  while  ago,  and 
pieces  from  the  size  of  a  grain  of  wheat  to  several  ounces 
are  frequent. 

SIERRA. 

La  Porte  Items.— Cor.  Messenger,  May  3:  Moat  of  the 
mines  are  doing  well.  The  Union  claim,  at  Gibsonvillc, 
struck  something  rich  a  short  time  ago.  The  Highland 
Mary  company,  at  Wahoo,  have  let  a  contract  for  the  rais- 
ing of  a  shaft  from  their  tunnel,  aod  are  confident  of 
striking  pay  in  a  short  time.  The  Secret  Diggings  com- 
pany of  this  place  are  cleaning  off  a  large  quantity  of 
ground,  more  having  been  ruu  off  thus  far  than  was  an- 


ticipated would  be  got  off  in  the  whole  reason.  At  the 
anuual  meeting  of  the  Highland  Mary  company,  belt!  I 
few  week*  ago.  the  President,  Se-relary,  and'  trustees 
were  alt  re-elected 

Nkw  Brauua,— Last  summer  a  number  of  citizens,  of 
Sierra  L'liy,  located  a  m  lilugolalm  on  the  South    branch. 

about  four  miled  above  tho  eitv.  and  comment 

v  few  dajs  since  the;  reached  the  chan- 
nel and  found  a  large  b  dy  of  fine  blue  gravel,  which  pros- 
pected 00  cents  to  the  ran  The  owners  are  jubilant  b.  - 
[ievlDg  the*  baTe  valuable  property  rbe  tun  el  is  360  ft 
long.    A  Spaniard  by  the  name  ol  Martini  baa  struck  a 

■  it  about  two  mile*  ulwve  the  old  Phceuix 

•  iu.ru  ledgn,  The  prospect  is  **id  to  u«  a  Surge  one. 
Beceuu)  C*pt  Irelsn,  Rock  creek,  in  000  ft  with  tns  tun- 

■  ft,  striking  gravel,  and  out  of  thro 
loads  realised 96;  average  pay  per  carload  for  17,  after- 
wards  taken  out,  |1.     Good  prospect  Ol  lOutiuiuiion  of 

p.;.  channel 

NEVADA. 

WASHOE  DISTRICT. 

orniR— Gold  Hill  .Wtnr,  Slav  7:  The  south  drift  from 
the  wmze  below  the  8000  level,  Is  now  64  ft  in  mid  eon* 
tinues  In  exoaUent  ore,  The  bottom  of  uie  incline  is  in  h 
very  likely-looking  body  ol  quarts,  giving  assays  from  sio 
to  800,  the  greater  proportion  ol  which  is  gold.  This  lies 
next  to  a  clay  Beam  iwrj  lug  from  four  Inches  to  one  ft  in 
thickness,  dipph  g  to  the  west  This  formation  has  been 
ponetratod  about  if.  ft.  Toward  ihe  bottom  of  the  in- 
cline the  sllpa  ol  clay  i»  the  ore-body  dip  toward  the  east 
The  quartz  is  very  kindly  iu  Its  appearance,  and  the  sur- 
rounding porphyry  Bhowa  iron  freely. 

Siekra  NhVAD*.— The  incline  Is  making  better  progress 
below  the  2300  station,  the  bottom  continuing  to  cut  a 
formation  of  hard  quartz  containing  alternate  seams  of 
high  and  low-grade  ore.  A  i-even-inch  Cameron  pump 
bus  been  put  iu  the  bo:tom,  and  the  water  gives  very  lit- 
tle trouble,  although  the  flow  continues  strong.  Ore  con- 
tinues to  be  shipped  to  the  Mariposa  mill,  which  will  Boon 
he  started  up.  One  of  the  puinpa  for  tho  east  shaft  has 
arrived. 

Mexican.— The  joint  Union  upraise  from  the  2200  level 
to  meet  tho  winze  coming  down  from  the  1000  level,  jb 
making  three  ft  per  day,  and  is  now  loO  it  upon  the  slope. 
W liter  has  rendered  the  increase  of  depth  to  the  winze 
slow,  the  average  gained  being  leBs  than  two  ft  per  day. 
Cos.  Virginia. —T^he  yield  of  the  mine  is  about  150  tons 
per  day.  The  joint  west  drift,  8.10  level,  is  averaging  five 
ft  per  day  through  hard,  bloating:  porphyry,  ami  is  now 
124  ft  in  length.  The  hoisting  for  the  mine  is  now  done 
through  the  Con.  Virginia  nhaft. 

Justicb.—  The  west  crosscut,  1150  level,  continues  to  cut 
seams  of  quartz  and  low-grade  oro.  CroSBcut  No.  1  west, 
1650  level,  has  cut  into  a  fine  vein  formation  which  cur- 
ries more  and  heavier  stringers  of  quartz  as  tho  drift  is 
driven  toward  the  wall.  The  Waller  Defeat  workings 
continue  their  accustomed  yield. 

liCLCiiER  —Tho  main  incline  has  reached  a  depth  of  142 
ft  on  the  slope  between  the  2660  level,  and  is  making 
downward  at  the  rate  of  three  ft  per  day.  The  south 
drift,  2550  level,  is  now  390  ft  in  length,  and  iu  favorable 
looking  ground. 

California —The  yield  of  ore  has  been  285  tone  daily. 
Owing  to  repairs  to  the  machinery  at  tho  C  &  C  shaft,  no 
hoisting  is  being  done  for  the  California.  The  final  clean- 
up fur  April  has  been  made  and  Bhipped.  Total  for  tho 
month,  $450,913.24. 

Bullion. —Tho  only  work  going  on  in  the  mino  the  pant 
week  has  been  sinking  the  incline  wiuze  below  the  2150 
level.  As  soon  as  it  is  a  little  further  down  the  engine 
will  be  placed  at  its  top. 

Best  &,  Belciikr,— An  average  of  three  ft  per  day  is  be- 
ing made  in  sinking  the  Osbiston  shaft;  total  depth,  650 
ft.  Five  ft  per  day  have  been  added  to  the  length  of  the 
drain  tunnel. 

Leviatuan.— The  face  of  tho  south  drift,  on  the  730 
level,  haa  run  into  a  very  favorable  looking  formation  of 
porphyry,  quartz,  clay  and  heavy  streaks  of  low-grade 
ore. 

tSKOPUT  — The  work  of  development  through  the  North 
Bonanza  tunnel  is  makl  g  excellent  progress.  The  ground 
looks  favorably,  showing  quartz  and  veins  which  are  min- 
eral bearing. 

Nokth  Bonahza  and  Floweht.—  The  water  has  run 
down  so  as  to  give  but  little  trouble,  81X  ft  perdiy  Is  be- 
ing added  to  the  length  of  the  drift  north  from  the  first 
station. 

Gould  &  Curry.— The  Joint  east  drift,  1700  level,  Is  be- 
in'f  extended  toward  the  perpendicular  of  the  Osbiston 
shaft  at  the  rate  of  five  ft  per  day.  A  20-inch  air  pipe  has 
been  extended  to  the  faoe,  giving  needed  ventilation. 

Ward.-  The  main  shaft  is  down  1,415  ft.  The  water 
coming  In  is  increasing  iu  temperature.  The  east  drift, 
800  level,  is  nu\v  in  545  ft. 

Silver  Hill.— The  north  drift  starts  410  ft  east  of  the 
incline.  The  1300  level  will  bo  reached  in  the  incline 
about  Saturday, 

Lady  Bryan.— Still  sinking;  drifting  north  and  Bouth 
on  the  600  level  and  crosscutting  cast  at  a  point  185  ft 
south  of  the  main  east  drift. 

Cuollar-Norcross-Savaoe  Shaft.—  The  water  comes  up 
in  the  shaft  at  the  rate  of  about  five  ft  per  day  and  has  a 
temperature  of  128°  Fahr. 

Exchequer. — The  work  of  placingtho  new  Con  Imperial 
air  compressor  is  delaying  operations  on  the  2400  level. 

Calbdonia. — The  winze  below  the  1600  level  is  being 
continued,  and  is  without  material  change.  The  Forman 
shaft  is  making  usual  progress      Total  depth  625  ft. 

Union  Cos.-  The  joint  Mexican  winze  below  tho  1600 
level  has  made  slow  progress  of  late  on  account  of  water 
but  is  now  doing  better.  Its  total  depth  is  385  ft  on  the 
slope,  the  bottom  in  favorable  vein  matter.  Six  ft  per 
day  are  being  added  to  the  length  of  the  main  north  drift 
2000  level,  and  it  is  now  in  245  ft  from  the  south  lino. 

Julia  Con.— The  work  of  repairing  the  caved  drift,  2000 
level,  has  been  interfered  with  by  the  breaking  of  the 
pump  which  nllowed  the  water  once  more  to  Hood  the 
Boor  of  the  drift,  rendering  the  temperature  high  again. 
Yellow  Jackkt.— The  new  shaft  has  reached  a  depth  of 
2437  ft,  The  work  of  excavating  is  making  good  progress, 
nine  ft  having  been  made. 

Utah.-  -The  work  of  lowering  the  large  V-bob  has  been 
completed  and  it  huB  been  set  up  at  the  head  of  the  in- 
cline.   A  new  track  is  being  put  in  the  incline. 

Alta. — The  joint,  three  compartment  incline  winze 
has  reached  the  1750  level,  and  the  work  of  chambering 
out  ihe  station  at  Unit  point  is  progrepsing  favorably. 

Savaok.— The  retimbering  of  the  incline  is  being  con- 
tinued as  u«ual,  as  also  is  the  work  of  repairing  the  drift, 
1600  level,  connecting  with  the  Curry. 

Crown  Poi'T  — The  winze  below  the  2500  level  Is  being 
continued  on  down  and  is  230  ft  on  the  slope  in  depth. 

Trojan  —The  mill  has  been  set  to  work  on  1000  tons  of 
accumulatid  ore.  L/evelopment  on  the  3d  level  is  beiug 
prosecuted  as  usual. 

Con.  Imperial —The  new  air  compressor  is  in  plice, 
but  all  connections  not  perfected  so  as  to  put  tho  machin- 
ery into  operati  -n. 

Sutro  Tunnel. — The  sub-drain  is  making  satisfactory 
progress,  tho  work  being  extended  over  16,000  of  the 
20,0u0  ft. 

Mt.  Hood  &  Vancouver.— The  work  of  drifting  to  the 
ledge  on  tho  1400  levol  is  making  good  progress.  Every- 
thing works  well  and  the  water  flowing  into  tho  shaft  is 
easily  haddled. 

BELMONT  DISTRICT. 

Belmont.—  Courier,  May  3:  The  mine  is  looking  well. 
They  have  during  the  week  started  a  drift  from  winze  at 
a  depth  of  70  ft  running  east  on  tho  vein,  and  is  showing 
richer  ore  every  foot  they  advance  it.  The  belief  is  now 
that  it  is  going  to  be  a  larger  body  of  ore  than  any  ever 
found  in  the  mine.  The  50  level  running  west  is  in  19  ft 
in  a  3-ft  vein  of  quartz,  one-third  of  which  is  fine  ore. 
Have  advanced  the  300  level  drift  from  shaft  22  ft,  from 
south  raise  10  ft. 

Hioubridoe.— They  will  soon  have  the  sump  sunk  deep 
enough,  when  work  will  be  resumed  on  the  6th  and  7th 
levels  as  usual.  The  mill  was  shut  down  on  the  25th  until 
such  time  as  the  different  works  and  stopes  are  In  shape. 


EUREKA  DISTRICT 

EtRFEA  i  ox -Sentinel,  May  1:  Mining  operations  have 

bf en  continord  through  the  trade  without  anv  material 

ic*pt  in  th.1  18th  level,  where  the  indications  for 

ore  are  more  favorable.     The  following  work  has  been 

done  ID  the  different  lovels:  Ith,  north  crosscut  cmitiuued 

22  ft,  and  now  in  1*7  it;  6tb,  east  dnft  continued  22ft  and 
now  n,  4u  ft;  Mill,  started  drift  naming  east  from  cross- 
cut No.  l,  and  made  18  ft.  West  drift  irom  croascut  No. 
l  continued  19  it.  and  now  iii  29  ieel.  Incline  continued 
10  tr,  and  now  down  40  ft  below  station. 

Nbw  Estbrpribb.— A  new  tuunel  enterprise  is  about 
at  the  head  i  i  New  York  canyon.  The 
Atlantic  and  1'ucific  Tunrifi  Oo  was  incorporated  a  short 
.  with  It.  Sadler,  us  President:  W,  P.  Stelchel- 
man,  Bocreiary;  O.  1*.  Burgees,  Superintendent;  T.  W. 
Pearson,  iTeoaurer.  The  object  ol  the  association  Is  to 
develop,  bv  means  of  a  Uinuet,  certain  mining  cl«iuia  ou 
Prospect  mountain  near  tho  head  of  Now  York  canyou. 
Among  the  claims  belonging  to  the  company  are  the 
Lantern,  Sagebrush.  Welch  King  and  E.i-t  uakhmd.  Tho 
length  ol  the  tunnel  will  be  about  l.ooo  ft,  cutting  the 
-  I  depth  of  iibout  750  ft  The  ground  Is  re- 
garded very  favorable  for  rapid  progress,  and  it  Is  be- 
Heved  that  the  tunnel  can  be  run  in  eight  monthB.  All 
of  tho  above  mines  show  well  at  and  near  the  surface. 
On  the  L  intern  In  particular  the  ore  has  been  followed 
down  to  u  depth  ol  250  ft.  Tho  rest  of  the  series  are  be- 
lieved to  be  equally  as  valuable.  The  company  is  organ- 
ized with  loo.ouo  shares,  25,000  shares  of  which  will  bo 
set  apart  for  a  working  capita). 

PARADISE  DISTRICT, 

JVlLLOW  ck^eh—  Silver  State,  May  6:  The  Ethan  Allen 
ledge  crops  for  several  hundred  ft  along  the  bide  of  the 
mountain  in  which  it  is  situated,  and  is  from  15  to  60  ft 
wide.  The  owner*  have  cui  into  the  croppinga  some  8  or 
10  ft  and  find  .bat  it  is  all  ore  which  averages  over  3100  to 
the  ton  in  silver.  Some  mining  men  from  Virginia  O  ty 
have  been  to  examine  the  mine  with  a  view  of  purchasing 
it.  All  the  Willow  creek  mines  are  situated  at  the  extreme 
head  of  Willow  crock,  on  a  ndgo  between  the  forks  of 
that  Btream,  pome  six  miles  from  Camp  Scott,  in  Paradise 
valley,  and  nbout  a  mile  north  of  tho  Miinmltof  the  range 
which  divides  Paradise  valley  from  Willow  creek.  Hix 
promising  ledges  have  been  located  on  the  bill  in  which 
the  Ethan  Allen  is  situated,  and  the  whole  surface  of  the 
ground  in  the  vicinity  1b  covered  with  ore, 

REESE  RIVER  DISTRICT. 

Wkbtbrs  Nye.— Belmont  Courier,  Mav  3:  Thn  Lodl 
ledge,  owned  by  Bolman  &.  Uo*-ke,  situated  about  two 
miles  north  of  the  Illinois  works,  is  prospecting  well.  At 
a  depth  of  160  ft  ou  the  incline  they  have  a  well-defined 
ledge  seven  it  wide  of  free  milling  ore.  which  assays  from 
8300  to  S600  per  ton.  Toe  ore  is  chloride  and  black  metal 
with  tome  galena.  The  Dowuey  company  are  working  18 
men.  They  are  down  on  the  incline  600  ft,  at  which  depth 
they  have  a  line  looking  6-lt  ledge  of  gray  carbonate  ore 
and  galena;  the  latter  is  richer  in  Bilver  than  any  of  that 
character  heretofore  found.  Capital  is  all  that  is  wanted 
to  make  this  a  splendid  property,  and  that  is  confidently 
expected  to  bo  along  soon.  The  company  are  still  linking. 
Among  the  new  developnienis  in  Mammoth  district  may 
be  noted  the  San  Frenciscu  ledge,  owned  by  o.  E.  Crowell, 
and  situated  near  ihe  summit  of  the  Mammoth  range, 
about  two  miles  from  tho  town  of  Ellsworth.  Mr.  C.  has 
followed  the  ledge  by  incline  over  40  ft,  and  has  a  large 
and  well-d'  fined  ledgo  of  milling  ore,  aBSuya  from  which 
run  as  high  us  31,600  per  ton.  Other  ledges  in  the  vicin- 
ity are  showing  well,  end  capitalists  from  Virginia  City 
contemplate  taking  hold  and  erecting  a  new  mill  Ibere.- 
Thomas  Mi  cheil,  a  well-known  millman  from  T,\bo  and 
Belmont,  has  taken  charge  of  the  Alexander  null  as  fore- 
man. 

SILVER  STATE  DISTRICT. 

Jottings.—  Silver  State,  May  6:  Men  are  steadily  at 
work  on  tbo  Blue  Bell  mid  Blue  Jay  claims.  They  are 
now  sinking  a  perpendicular  shaft  on  the  Blue  Bell,  and 
expect  to  cut  the  lead  this  week.  Iu  Jungo  district,  three 
or  four  companies  are  at  work  and  the  prospects  for  good 
mines  are  very  flattering,  as  the  ore  on  the  surface  is  nch 
and  the  ledges  well-defined.  A  fine  body  of  ore  was  cut 
in  tlie  Ohio  Kd^e  on  Willow  creek  last  Saturday.  0.  W, 
Hinkcy  reports  the  Bullion  looking  larger  and  richer 
where  they  are  now  at  work  on  It,  than  ihe  Kuugh  & 
Ready  did  on  the  surface.  The  Bullion  Is  now  producing 
the  richest  kind  of  ore,  and  thee  is  a  large  bod;"  of  It  in 
si^ht.  The  Sedan  mill  is  running  on  ore  from  this  mine, 
and  the  bulllou  which  it  is  producing  will  bpeak  for  itself. 

ARIZONA. 

Tombstone.  —Star,  May  l:  Parties  recently  from  Tomb- 
stone report  everything  iu  a  flattering  condition.  Work 
is  being  rapidly  pushed  on  the  Lueky  Cuss  mine,  and  tho 
Contention  is  still  t;oing  down,  and  will  suou  reach  200  ft, 
every  day  being  a  guarantee  of  its  stability  and  perma- 
nence, the  richness  and  quantity  of  tbo  ore  being  wall 
established.  At  present  the  Toughnut  has  quite  a  force, 
and  work  is  bein*  rapidly  pushed  forward,  large  quanti- 
ties of  ore  of  more  than  ordinary  richness  beinif  taken  out. 
A  great  deal  of  assessment  work  is  being  done  at  present 
in  this  wonderful  di-trict.  The  mill  atCharleston  is  Hear- 
ing completion,  and  is  expected  to  commence  operations 
shortly.  Thd  Vizma,  adjoining  the  Tough  nut,  upon  which 
a  con>iderublo  amount  oi  work  has  l  een  done,  at  a  depth 
of  15  ft,  shows  a  large  body  of  ore  assaying  $1,000  per 
ton. 

Globe.—  Silver  Belt,  May  2:  Tho  Chamber  of  Com- 
merce, owned  by  Hise,  Hihs  &  Co.,  Is  looking  very  fine. 
They  have  let  a  contract  for  a  30-ft  shaft.  S,  Klein  &  Co. 
received  15  ounces  this  week  of  gold  bullion  from  Gold 
Hill  disirict;  13  ounces  of  thi3  was  from  five  tons  of 
Golden  Eagle  ore,  worked  in  an  arastra.  There  are  sill 
25  tons  of  ore  on  the  dump  awaiting  reduction,  which  hs- 
Buys  $51  in  gold  and  30  ounces  iu  silver.  S.  Klein  Is  push- 
ing wo  k  on  tho  Bohemia,  which  is  looming  up.  This  is 
one  of  the  most  flattering  prospects  in  the  diBtrict,  having 
the  richest  character  of  silver  ores  from  the  surface  to  the 
bottom  of  the  shaft,  40  ft,  which  i- sunk  in  ledge  matter 
entirely,  consequently  the  width  of  the  vein  has  not  been 
ascertained.  The  El  Capilan  still  yields  profitably  to  its 
owners.  Twelve  tons  of  good  ore,  ossajlng  over  500 
ounces  per  ton,  is  at  the  n  ill  awaiiing  reduction.  The 
proprietors  are  preparing  sloping  ground  with  a  view 
of  extracting  large  quantities  this  summer  for  milliug. 

OREGON. 

Miking  Noteb.—  Sentinel,  April  30:  Newdigglngs  have 
been  discovered  on  Duich  gulch,  a  tributiry  of  Brlggs 
creek,  in  Josephine  county,  and  minersareflocklngln  and 
locating  claims  The  Palmer  Creek  comp  my  have  cleaned 
up  and  suspended  for  the  season.  The  result  proves  the 
mine  to  be  a  valuable  one.  Klippel,  Hanna  &  Co.  have 
commenced  piping  in  earnest  with  excellent  prospects. 
This  company  will  have  water  during  the  greater  part  of 
the  summer.  Water  has  commenced  failing  In  most  all  of 
the  mining  camps  of  this  and  Josephine  county,  and  a 
cleui-up  will  Boon  bo  made,  The  season  has  been  a  very 
shot t  one,  but  the  returns  promise  to  be  good,  neverthe- 
less A  Ale  Ken 'ie,  Superintendent  of  the  Centennial 
mining  company,  at  Willow  Springs,  will  return  to  Oak- 
land, Oregon,  this  week.  He  expects  to  secure  a  "Little 
Giant"  while  absent,  and  return  next  fait  to  continue 
operations  on  a  larger  scale.  The  news  from  Briggs  and 
Silver  creeks  continues  encouraging.  A  man  from  the 
first-mentioned  creek  arrived  at  Grants  Pass  yesterday, 
who  reports  300  men  in  that  locality.  Most  of  the  men 
have  claims,  and  ground  sluicing  has  been  commenced  in 
earnest,  with  good  prospects. 


A  law  prohibiting  opium  smoking  in  Nevada 
under  a  penalty  of  $1,000  Hue  or  two  years 
imprisonment  went  into  effect  on  May  1st. 

The  New  York  exposition  for  1SS3  will  take 
place  at  Port  Morris,  Westchester  county. 


302 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[May  10,  1879. 


A  Group  of  Penguins. 

Our  engraving  shows  a  group  of  interesting 
but  decidedly  ugly  birds.  They  are  of  the  pen- 
guin family,  the  name  penguin  being  a  corrup- 
tion of  "penwing"  or  "pinwing,"  meaning  a 
bird  that  has  apparently  undergone  the  opera- 
tion of  pinioning  or  pinwinging,  as  it  is,  in  at 
least  one  part  of  England,  commonly  called. 
Although  the  name  penguin  has  been  applied  to 
sea  fowls  inhabiting  northern  coasts,  it  is  now 
restricted  by  naturalists  to  birds  representing  a 
peculiar  family  (Spheniscidce)  exclusively  in- 
habiting the  ocean  and  coasts  of  the  southern 
hemisphere.  These  birds  shown  in  our  engrav- 
ing are  of  the  Spheniseida.  According  to  the 
classification  of  Dr.  Elliot  Cones  there  are  four 
genera  and  twelve  species  included  in  the  family 
Sphenisczdw,  From  an  article  in  Johnson's 
encyclopedia,  written  by  Theodore  Gill,  we 
learn  that  most  of  the  penguins  inhabit  the 
colder  regions  of  the  southern  hemisphere,  and 
species  have  been  found  in  the  Antartic  seas  as 
near  the  pole  as  travelers  have  penetrated.  All 
the  species  live  in  communities.  They  are  in- 
capable of  flight,  but  are  very  powerful  swim- 
mers and  their  wings  are  used  as  fins.  They  live 
along  the  coast  and  when  at  rest  sit  upon  their 
tarsi  in  an  erect  position,  as  shown  in  the  engrav- 
ing. In  this  posture,  too,  they  walk,  or  rather 
waddle,  till  they  approach  the  sea,  when  they 
throw  themselves  in,  and  are  again  at  ease. 

According  to  Dr.  Kidder  "no  living  thing 
that  he  ever  saw  expresses  so  graphically  the 
idea  of  hurry  as  a  penguin  when  trying  to 
escape.  Its  neck  is  stretched  out,  flippers, 
whirring  like  the  sails  of  a  windmill,  and  body 
wagging  from  side  to  side  as  its  short  legs  make 


Fine  Gold. 

It  is  a  fact  that  has  been  long  known,  says 
the  Idaho  Statesman,  that  fine  gold  is  very 
generally  and  evenly  diffused  throughout  the 
gravel  and  sand  which  have  been  deposited  by 
the  water  during  the  ages  that  the  Snake  river 
has  been  gradually  subsiding  and  finding  its 
way  down  to  its  present  channel  and  course. 
Throughout  the  entire  course  of  the  river,  these 
gravel  and  sand  deposits  cover  extensive  areas 
along  each  bank  of  the  stream,  all  marked  by  the 
same  general  character,  except  where  the  river 
passes  .  through  mountain  ranges  where  the 
gravel  is  confined  to  the  present  bed  of  the 
stream.  Efforts  have  been  made  from  time  to 
time  to  work  these  gold-bearing  deposits,  but 
the  gold  proved  to  be  too  fine  to  be  saved  by 
the  process  then  known,  though  at  some  points 
considerable  mining  was  done,  and  in  some  cases 
with  fair  results. 

Since  the  introduction  of  the  new  process  for 
saving  fine  gold,  all  doubt  as  to  the  value  of 
these  placers  has  given  place  to  certainty.  In 
no  single  instance  where  the  ground  has  been 
worked  by  the  new  process  has  there  been 
failure  to  realize  satisfactory  results.  Already 
a  large  number  of  claims  are  worked  at  various 
points  along  the  river  for  a  distance  of  over  200 
miles.  New  enterprises  of  all  kind  are  daily 
being  commenced  and  during  the  present  season 
and  the  next  nearly  every  mile  of  this  section  of 
the  river  will  have  a  series  of  gold-saving 
machines  at  work.  It  is  true  that  the  cost  of 
the  plates  and  the  expense  of  getting  to  work 
on  a  claim  require  some  capitakto  begin  with, 
but  as  the  gold  is  known  to  exist  in  paying 
quantities  nearly  everywhere,  there  will  always 


Distribution  of  Fish. 

The  Fish  Commissioners  continue  their  ac- 
tivity in  the  commendable  work  of  stocking  the 
lakes  and  streams  of  the  State  with  fish.  They 
recently  distributed  40,000  Cloud  river  and 
50,000  Eastern  trout,  and  also  10,000  catfish. 
The  Eastern  trout  were  placed  in  the  summit 
streams  and  the  Cloud  river  trout  in  the  coast 
streams.  The  white  fish  recently  hatched — 40,- 
000  in  number — were  put  in  Eagle  lake,  Lassen 
county,  Donner,  Tahoe  and  other  lakes. 

The  40,000  land-locked  salmon  ordered  for 
California  by  the  United  States  Commissioner 
will  not  come  this  season.  The  weather  has 
been  so  cold  in  Maine  and  the  temperature  of 
the  water"  correspondingly  low  that  the  hatch- 
ing was  retarded.  The  Commissioners  have 
telegraphed  not  to  ship  the  eggs. 

Next  month  Livingstone  Stone,  acting  under 
the  direction  of  the  Government  Commissioner, 
will  bring  out  a  carload  of  lobsters,  striped  bass 
and  eels.  The  lobsters  will  be  placed  near  the 
Heads  or  the  Farralones.  The  bass  will  be 
distributed  in  the  bay  at  points  where  the 
streams  come  in.  The  eels  will  be  put  in  sloughs 
connecting  with  salt  water.  The  eels  brought 
here  three  years  ago  have  done  well.  Several 
have  been  caught.     One  was  three  feet  long. 

Shad  are  becoming  quite  plentiful.  Mr.  Red- 
ding estimates  that  about  100  a  week  are  caught. 
They  are  readily  picked  up  by  epicures,  and 
therefore  have  not  come  into  market.  A  fair 
sized  shad  is  worth  two  dollars.  They  are 
taken  mostly  in  San  Francisco  bay.  Some, 
however,  have  been  taken  at  Monterey.  Next 
year  500, 000  more  will  be  placed  in  the  waters 
of  this  coast. 

The    aquarium  car,  which  comes    out  next 


TlfE    En!Q6N1EE^. 


The  Suez  Canal 

Mr.  Farman,  U.  S.  Consul-General  at  Cairo, 
Egypt,  furnishes  the  Department  of  State  with 
an  interesting  article  on  the  Suez  canal.  His 
facts  are  derived  from  authentic  sources.  A 
few  of  them  are  selected  of  remarkable  interest. 
The  entire  cost  of  the  canal  was  $92,273,907. 
The  stock  of  the  company  consists  of  400,000 
shares,  at  500  francs  each.  These  shares  have 
sold  as  low  as  100  francs  each.  At  the  opening 
of  the  canal  they  had  advanced  to  only  300 
francs.  They  are  now  quoted  at  717  francs, 
and  are  probably  worth  more.  The  British 
government  paid  about  568  francs.  The  num- 
ber of  shares  bought,  in  1875,  by  Lord  Beacons- 
field  was  176,602.  This  great  purchase,  aside 
from  its  political  and  commercial  advantages, 
thus  affords  a  clear  profit  of  25,000,000  francs 
at  present  prices.  The  balance  of  the  stock  is 
held  by  a  large  number  of  persons,  mostly  in 
France.  The  revenues  of  the  canal  have  in- 
creased from  5,000,000  francs  in  1870  to  over 
30,000,000  francs  in  1877.  The  expenses,  in- 
cluding interest,  sinking  fund  and  lands,  have 
been  a  little  over  17,000,000  francs  per  year. 
While  the  revenues  steadily  increase,  the  ex- 
penses are  decreasing  or  stationary.  Deduct- 
ing the  amount  paid  for  Interest  and  the  sink- 
ing fund,  the  actual  expenses  are  about  5,000,- 
000  francs  annually.  Thecostof  cleaning  the  canal 
and  its  accessories  is  only  about  2,000,000  francs 
per  annum.  The  small  comparative  cost  of 
maintaining  the  canal  arises  from  the  fact  that 
there  are  no  locks  or  lateral   embankments  to 


ADULTS    AND    YOUNG    OF    THE    PENGUIN    FAMILY,    INHABITING    THE    COASTS    AND    OCEANS    OF    THE    SOUTHERN    HEMISPHERE. 


stumbling  and  frantic  efforts  to  get  over  the 
ground.  There  is  such  an  expression  of  anxiety 
written  all  over  the  bird,  it  picks  itself  up  from 
every  fall,  and  stumbles  again,  with  such  an  air 
of  having  an  armful  of  bundles,  that  it  escapes 
capture  quite  as  often  by  the  laughter  of  the 
pursuers  as  by  its  own  really  considerable 
speed."  One  can  easily  appreciate  this  humor- 
ous sketch  by  noticing  the  awkward  outline  of 
the  bird  in  the  center  of  the  engraving.  The 
little  chap  upon  the  left  can  also  be  laughed  at. 
He  stands  with  his  flippers  hanging  down  in  a 
disconsolate  manner,  and  reminds  us  of  the 
little  figures  we  have  often  seen  standing  in  the 
snow  at  the  Eastern  schoolhouse  door,  waiting 
and  shivering  until  the  schoolma'am  puts  in  an 
appearance  and  unlocks  the  door. 

Of  the  penguin  in  general  it  is  said  that  the 
water  is  their  natural  element,  and  in  this  they 
disport  themselves  with  ease  and  grace.  They 
are  expert  divers,  and  by  repeated  incursions 
into  the  depths,  catch  the  fishes,  crustaceous  and 
moUusks,  upon  which  they  feed.  The  females 
lay  one  or  two  eggs  each,  according  to  the 
species,  generaUy  in  slight  depressions  of  the 
ground  or  in  burrows. 

A  Curious  Cave. — Some  time  since  N.  Bell, 
of  Finos  Altos,  while  out  hunting  near  the  Mo- 
gollon  mountains,  came  upon  a  large  cave 
which,  upon  examination,  was  found  to  con- 
tain carved  stone  images,  and  various  other  ar- 
ticles of  human  workmanship.  The  cave  is  of 
natural  formation,  being  about  100  feet  in  length 
by  20  feet  wide  and  7  feet  high.  The  walls 
are  elaborately  ornamented  with  grotesque  fig- 
ures, wrought  in  colors  the  brilliancy  of  which 
is  still  well  preserved.  Mr.  Bell  had  no  time 
to  make  a  thorough  examination,  but  satisfied 
himself  with  bringing  away  such  of  the  images, 
etc.,  as  he  could  conveniently  carry,  purposing 
to  return  at  an  early  day  and  complete  his  ex- 
amination. One  of  the  images,  measured 
about  two  feet  in  length  and  weighed  nearly  40 
pounds. 


be  men  of  sufficient  means  ready  to  engage  in  a 
business  which  has  been  proved  to  be  so  profit- 
able. 

Compared  with  coarse  gold  placers  there  will 
not  be  so  many  men  employed;  but  there  will 
not  be  the  fruitless  prospecting,  the  many 
failures  nor  the  large  number  of  men  who  id 
coarse  gold  placers  are  often  out  of  employment 
and  worse  than  idle. 

Placer  mining  on  Snake  river  will  not  throw 
so  much  gold  out  of  the  ground  in  as  short  a 
time,  but  as  an  industry  it  will  be  more  perma- 
nent and  enduring  and  more  certainly  remuner- 
ative for  those  engaged  in  it.  The  number  of 
people  engaged  in  the  business  will  increase  as 
rapidly  as  the  machines  are  multiplied,  and 
everyone  thus  engaged,  whether  as  employer  or 
employed,  will  be  doing  a  perfectly  safe  busi- 
ness. 

The  winters  are  never  severe  along  the  river 
and  snow  never  falls  deep  enough  to  prevent 
work.  Mining  can  be  done  for  nearly  every 
month  in  the  year. 

The  mines  will  last  for  many  years  and  the 
yield  per  claim  will  be  about  as  great  one  year 
as  another.  While  they  are  being  worked,  they 
will  afford  an  excellent  market  for  the  farm  pro- 
ducts of  the  neighboring  plains  and  valleys. 
Long  before  they  are  exhausted,  the  problem  of 
irrigating  the  fertile  sage  lands  of  the  Snake 
river  plains  will  be  solved  by  the  ditches  which 
will  be  taken  from  the  river  above  and  extended 
over  the  plain.  Indeed  the  cultivation  of  the 
sage  lands  near  the  river  and  the  mining  opera- 
tions on  the  bars  will  in  may  instances  be  prose- 
cuted together. 


A  New  Wat  of  Working  Steam  Expan- 
sively.— A.  Muller,  of  Cologne,  connects  a 
number  of  turbines  in  a  common  casing,  the 
diameter  of  the  turbines  gradually  increasing. 
The  steam  enters  the  smallest  and  escapes  from 
the  largest.  This  contrivance  is  said  to  be 
very  economical  either  for  steam  or  under  a 
head  of  water. — Dingier'' s  Journal. 


month,  will  bring  a  lot  of  young  king  carp  of 
the  kind  imported  from  Europe  to  the  Eastern 
States  some  years  ago. 

Mr,  Redding  is  quite  enthusiastic  on  the  sub- 
ject of  raising  fish  for  food.  He  says  every  farmer 
who  has  a  windmill  on  his  place  can  with  little 
expense  arrange  to  raise  all  the  fish  needed  for 
a  family  and  have  plenty  to  spare.  Mr.  Davis, 
who  resides  at  Brighton,  near  Sacramento,  has 
a  reservoir  containing  100,000  perch,  carp  and 
catfish.  Some  years  ago  he  dug  out  a  reservoir 
of  about  a  half  acre  in  area,  and  when  his  wind- 
mills were  not  at  work  irrigating,  the  water  was 
diverted  into  the  fish  pond.  The  depth  of 
water  on  the  average  is  three  feet.  He  stocked 
the  reservoir  with  fish,  and  now  has  an  abun- 
dant supply  for  his  own  use  and  some  for  the 
market.  Mr.  Bedding  says  other  farmers  can 
do  the  same  thing  and  save  large  expense  for 
meat.— &  F.  Bulletin.^ 

The  Future  of  Leadville. — Leadville  will 
continue  to  be  a  prosjierous  mining  camp,  set- 
tling down  to  a  town  of  a  few  thousand  inhabi- 
tants, but  will  never  be  the  city  that  some  have 
predicted.  Nothing  will  grow  there.  There  is 
no  soil,  and  there  is  ice  formed  every  night  in 
the  year.  It  rains  every  day  from  the  middle 
of  June  until  the  last  of  September,  all  the  time 
in  the  afternoon,  but  the  mornings  are  frosty 
and  icy.  There  is  absolutely  nothing  to  sustain 
it  but  the  mines,  and  when  these  become  located 
and  all  the  paying  leads  are  found,  and  the  day 
of  prospecting  is  over,  then  will  Leadville  set- 
tle down  into  a  prosperous  and  thrifty  town, 
but  never  a  live,  booming  city.  It  is  too  high 
up  for  a  health  resort,  and  those  looking  for 
health  would  do  well  to  stop  3,000  or  4,000  feet 
below.  There  is  not  a  foot  of  ground  within 
four  miles  of  Leadville,  in  the  direction  where 
ore  has  been  found,  that  is  not  now  taken  up; 
and  all  of  the  mining  region  within  four  miles 
of  Leadville  is  shingled  over  four  inches  deep — 
that  is,  covered  with  conflicting  claims. — Deri- 
ve?- Tribune. 


be  broken.  Except  the  ordinary  cleaning,  there 
is  little  to  be  done.  Vessels  drawing  25  feet  of 
water  or  less  pass  through  the  canal.  The  sav- 
ing of  distance  to  the  British  ships  going  to 
India  is  nearly  5,000  miles.  Two-thirds  of  all 
the  vessels  passing  through  the  canal  carry  the 
English  flag. 

Monsieur  Ferdinand  Lesseps,  who  has  been 
at  the  head  of  the  enterprise  since  its  beginning 
in  1854,  expresses  the  opinion  that  the  Panama 
canal  must  be  constructed  without  locks  to  be 
successful  or  remunerative. 


The  Railways  of  the  World. 

The  growth  and  development  of  the  railway 
systems  of  the  world  have  been  truly  wonderful, 
and,  as  year  by  year  goes  on  adding  to  the  num- 
ber and  extent  of  these  avenues  of  intercourse, 
the  figures  become  formidable.  There  are  now 
82,000  miles  in  the  United  States,  an  increase 
of  2,486  miles  since  1877.  The  outlook  is  very 
flattering  for  a  still  greater  increase  in  1879,  if 
the  many  plans  now  under  consideration  are 
put  into  execution.  By  a  comparison  of  other 
nations  it  will  be  seen  that  this  country  stands 
far  ahead  of  all  others  in  the  extent  of  its  rail- 
roads: 

United  States 82,000  miles 

Germany. 17,181       " 

Great  Britain 16,794      " 

France 13,046      " 

Russia 11,565      " 

Austria 10,852      " 

British  India 6,627      " 

Italy 4,815      " 

Canada 4,200      " 

Argentine  Republic 990 

Egypt 975      " 

Plru 960      " 

Brazil .- 836      " 

Turkey 830      "  _ 

Total 172,461  miles. 

To  properly  appreciate  the  advantages  of  the 
railway  systems  one  might  imagine  the  com* 
merce  of  the  world  carried  on  in  the  old-fash- 


May  10,  1879.  "| 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


303 


ioned  way.  Think  of  the  world  of  traffic  that 
glided  over  these  lines  in  a  day,  a  month,  and  a 
year,  and  calculate,  if  one  can,  how  long  by 
teams,  over  muddy  roads,  through  morass  and 
jungle,  and  swamp  and  over  desert  plains,  it 
would  take  to  do  the  transportation  which  these 
railways  do  in  a  siugle  day,  and  some  conception 
may  lie  formed  of  the  magnitude  and  importance 
of  the  world's  railway  system. — Chicago  Com- 
mercial Advertiser, 


USEFUL     IflfO^p^triQN. 


Submarine   Work  is  New   Vork  Harbor. 

(leu.  N'uwton  has  resumed  work  for  the  season 
on  Diamond  reef,  between  Governor's  island 
and  the  Battery,  having  sent  down  the  scows 
with  apparatus  for  submarine  mining.  He 
finds  that  a  heavy  deposit  covers  the  reef,  but 
not  of  such  hardness  as  to  admit  of  the  use  of 
drills  and  explosives.  A  hoae,  with  priming  at- 
tachments, is  therefore  employed,  preparatory 
to  reducing  the  surface  of  the  rock  by  other 
means.  At  Flood  rock,  in  Hell  Gate  channel, 
wurk  has  been  steadily  prosecuted  with  a  small 
furce,  the  general  plan  pursued  being  similar  to 
that  adopted  in  the  large  submarine  excavations 
at  Mullet's  point,  so  that  in  course  of  time  the 
bed  of  the  river  will  be  dropped  into  the  arti- 
ficial chambers  beneath  by  anexplosion.  Work- 
men are  also  engaged  in  removing  fragments  of 
rock  from  the  old  "crater,"  left  by  the  grand 
explosion  two  years  ago.  The  above  is  the  sub- 
stance of  information  obtained  at  Gen.  Newton's 
office. 


An  ENGINEERING  Feat.— Owing  to  the  im- 
mense weight,  the  iron  shoes  in  which  rests  two 
of  the  spans  of  the  long  Lehigh  Valley  rail- 
road bridge  at  Easton,  Pa.,  lately  sank  about 
an  inch,  throwing  the  bridge  out  of  grade.  As 
it  was  certain  that  the  depression  would  con- 
tinue, owing  to  the  fact  that  the  inside 
masonry  of  the  pier  is  less  solid  than  the  out- 
aide,  an  iron  casting  2  feet  long,  3  feet  3  inches 
wide  and  3  inches  thick,  weighing  7,000  pounds, 
was  successfully  placed  under  the  spans,  in 
order  to  elevate  them.  The  spans  weigh  ISO 
tons  each.  Hydraulic  jacks  were  used.  The 
Bpans  were  raised,  the  masonry  redressed,  the 
castings  placed  in  position  and  the  spans  low- 
ered without  the  stoppage  of  a  single  train. 
Turn  is  the  greatest  engineering  feat  that  has 
been  attempted  and  successfully  carried  through 
in  this  region. — X.   Y.  Day  Book. 


A  Dynamite  shell  that  can  be  projected 
against  the  hull  of  a  ship,  and  insure  its  destruc- 
tion or,  at  least,  its  serious  damage,  is  affirmed 
to  have  received  the  favorable  opinions  of  the 
Russian  naval  authorities,  who,  in  view  of  the 
notoriously  bad  record  of  torpedo-boats  during 
the  late  war,  in  attacking  the  war-ships  of  the 
Turks,  and  the  great  improvements  that  have 
been  made  of  late  years  in  devising  effective 
modes  of  defense  against  this  form  of  attack, 
have  been  engaged  in  devising  some  plan  of  em- 
ploying explosive  charges  against  hostile  vessels. 
The  invention  of  the  dynamite  shell  above 
alluded  to  ia  said  to  have  given  them  great  sat- 
isfaction. A  more  detailed  account  of  this  novel 
weapon  of  offense  appears  in  the  Boston  Jour- 
nal of  Chemistry  for  March. 


A  Great  Work. — Our  citizens  are  scarcely 
aware  of  the  progress  which  the  Southern  Pa- 
cific railroad  is  making  toward  forming  a  con- 
nection with  railroads  in  the  Mississippi  valley. 
The  Southern  Pacific  railroad  is  now  actually 
completed  for  a  distance  of  nearly  900  miles. 
It  is  874  miles  from  San  Francisco  to  Maricopa 
Wells,  Arizona,  and  the  road  is  already  com- 
pleted some  miles  east  of  that  town.  It  is  but 
883  miles  from  San  Francisco  over  the  Central 
Pacific  railroad  to  Salt  Lake—  Ogden.  So  the 
Southern  Pacific  railroad  forms  an  outlet  for 
San  Francisco  trade  equal  in  length  to  the  Cen- 
tral Pacific,  a  work  which  was  considered  a 
marvel  a  few  years  ago. 


Speed  on  Narrow-Gauge  Railroads. — In  a 
paper  recently  read  by  Graham  Smith  before  the 
Liverpool  Engineering  Society,  a  statement 
frequently  made  that  sufficiently  high  rates  of 
speed  cannot  be  got  out  of  narrow-gauge 
roads  is  contradicted.  Mr.  Smith  cites 
the  Festiniog  line  in  North  Wales,  where  35 
miles  an  hour  is  not  unknown,  although  the 
gauge  is  only  one  foot  11£  inches.  Of  course 
the  lines  must  be  properly  laid  out  and  con- 
structed. In  1869  this  line  carried  9,700  pas- 
aengers  and  136,700  tons  of  goods,  and  was  not 
worked  up  to  full  capacity. 


Gas  Engines. — The  introduction  of  gas  en- 
gines, says  the  Engineer  and  Mining  Journal, 
has  attained  to  remarkable  dimensions  in  Ger- 
many and  England  (especially),  where  engines 
of  this  class  as  high  as  30  to  50  horse-power 
have  been  built.  Mr.  Robert  Grimshaw,  re- 
porting upon  a  recent  visit  to  the  Gasmotor- 
enfabrik,  Deutz,  notices  that  a  50  hovse-power 
gas  engine,  for  a  beet  sugar  factory,  was  in 
course  of  construction  there.  The  gas  com- 
panies, in  view  of  the  large  consumption,  fur- 
nish gaa  at  very  reduced  rates  for  such  engines. 


Bridge  Mathematics. — To  estimate  what  a 
bridge  will  cost  any  city  if  it  is  done  by  con- 
tract: Take  the  highest  figures  presented  by 
any  engineer  and  multiply  them  by  the  length 
of  the  bridge  in  inches,  point  off  two  places,  and 
then  add  enough  to  prosecute  any  one  who  has 
anything  to  do  with  handling  the  funds,  and 
the  result  is — that  the  bridge  is  an  obstruction 
to  navigation. — Detroit  Free  Press. 


Colored  Pencils  for  Glass. 

The  following  formulas  for  the  composition  of 
pencils  for  sketching  on  glass,  porcelain,  etc., 
are  those  used  at  the  factory  of  A.  W.  Faber,  of 
Stein,  near  Nuroberg,  Germany: 

HiACK. 

v-   10  parts 

While  wax 4,1  parti 

Tallow 

t— WHITE. 

gh»  "bit*   40  parts 

- ->0  nuns 

TbIIow 10  ptru 

8.— LlliHT   BLl'R. 

''"'-■■i'ui  Mm- 10  parts 

White  was 20  part* 

Tallow 10  parts 

4.— DAKK  11LIK. 

Prussian  lilue 16  parts 

Qum  Arabic 6  parts 

IWlOw 10  parts 

5.— YELLOW. 

Chrome  yellow 10  parts 

Wee 20  parts 

PaUOW 10  parta 

The  colors  are  mixed  with  the  fats  in  warmed 
vessels,  levigated  with  the  same,  and  are  then 
allowed  to  cool  until  they  have  acquired  the 
proper  consistency  for  being  transferred  to  the 
presses.  In  these  the  mass  is  treated  and  shaped 
similarly  as  the  graphite  in  the  presses  for  or- 
dinary pencils. 


Milk  and  its  Enemies. — When  one  thinks 
of  the  foes  which  beset  milk  in  its  normal  con- 
dition, it  is  a  wonder  it  does  not  sooner  fall  from 
its  high  estate.  It  is  indeed  a  substance  which 
affords  a  most  favorable  foster  ground  for  many 
growths  which  destroy  its  character  and  trans- 
form it  from  a  thing  of  sweet  nutrition 
to  an  offensive  mass  of  decay.  The  cheese  and 
butter  maker,  the  milk  seller  and  the  milk 
drinker,  are  always  in  arms  against  a  host  of 
evils  which  threaten  the  material  they  employ 
and  enjoy.  Some  idea  can  be  gained  of  the 
variety  of  these  evils  from  an  interesting  exhibi- 
tion which  was  lately  made  at  a  German  dairy 
fair  by  Prof.  Ferdinand  Cohn,  of  Breslau,  and 
which  consisted  in  drawings  of  the  fungi  which 
attack  milk  and  its  products.  Descriptions  of 
the  exhibit  enumerate  :  Mucor  racemosus, 
the  Dictyodelium  mucoroides,  the  Oidium  lactis, 
so  common  in  sour  milk,  and  the  Penicillium 
glaucum  or  blue  mold.  A  Becond  group  in- 
cluded the  bacteria  met  within  milk,  among 
which  were  the  Bacterium  termo;  the  Bacterium 
lacdcum,  Cohn,  the  exciting  cause  of  sourness  of 
milk;  the  Bacillus  subtilis,  var.  bulyricus,  or 
butyric  acid  bacterium,  the  cause  of  rancidness 
of  butter;  the  Vibrio  synzanthus,  the  bacterium 
of  yellow  milk;  the  Micrococcus prodigiosus,  the 
bacterium  of  red  milk;  the  Bacterium  syncya- 
neum;  the  Bacillus  Anthracis  of  Cohn;  the 
Micrococcus  candidus,  and  many  others.  "What 
countless  evils  do  environ,"  etc.  Is  it  any 
wonder  that  excellence  in  dairy  products  is  only 
obtained  at  the  cost  of  great  skill  and  unceasing 
care  ? 

Improved  Mold  for  Casting  Copper  and 
its  Alloys. — It  is  customary  in  the  use  of 
molds  in  which  brass  or  copper,  or  alloys  of 
copper,  are  poured  in  a  molte'n  state,  in  order 
to  produce  cylinders  or  other  articles,  either 
hollow  or  solid,  to  cool  them  by  the  applica- 
tion of  water,  either  by  pouring  it  on  the  mold 
or  placing  the  mold  partly  in  water.  Messrs. 
Waldenstrom  &  Summer  of  Manchester,  propose 
to  produce  an  improved  mold  for  casting  copper 
and  its  alloys  by  making  the  metal  forming  the 
mold  hollow  instead  of  being  solid,  as  hitherto. 
Through  the  chambers  or  cavities  thus  made  in 
the  substance  of  the  mold  they  cause  water  to 
circulate,  and  thus  produce  the  cooling  effect. 
In  the  present  method  of  casting  brass  cylinders 
from  which  tubes  are  made  much  time  and 
labor  are  expended  in  moving  the  mold  for  the 
purpose  of  cooling,  preparing  it  for  a  freBh 
casting,  and  replacing  it  into  a  suitable  position 
to  receive  the  molten  metal,  but  the  improved 
system  of  cooling  prevents  this,  the  molds  are 
rendered  more  durable,  and  better  work  is  pro- 
duced. By  turning  steam  or  warm  water  into 
the  cavities  in  the  substance  of  the  mold  they 
are  enabled  to  warm  the  mold  before  commenc- 
ing work,  so  as  to  get  it  quickly  to  a  suitable 
temperature  to  produce  a  good  casting. 

Greek  Bread. — The  ancient  Greeks  used 
covered  terra-cotta  utensils,  called  cribanoi, 
which  were  pierced  with  holes  in  their  circum- 
ference, and  were  the  prototypes  of  the  modern 
"Dutch  ovens. "  After  the  dough  was  put  in 
they  were  surrounded  by  burning  coals,  and  the 
heat,  penetrating  by  the  holes,  gave  a  more 
uniform  temperature  than  an  ordinary  oven. 
After  the  reign  of  PericleB,  Athens  became  re- 
nowned for  the  skill  of  its  bakers  and  its  cooks. 
They  made  20  or  more  kinds  of  bread,  some  of 
which  were  very  white  and  of  excellent  flavor. 
Plato  reports  that,  a  century  before  his  time,  a 
Sicilian  baker,  named  Thearion,  had  made 
great  improvements  in  his  art.  The  Cappado- 
cians  made  a  very  delicate  bread,  like  Vienna 
rolls,  by  adding  to  the  wheat  flour  a  little  milk, 
oil  and  salt.— La  Nature. 


Testing  Iron  60  Years  Old.— Two  speci- 
mens of  the  old  iron  taken  from  the  Belvidere 
bridge,  recently  demolished,  have  been  tested 
by  order  of  City  Commissioner  Tegmeyer. 
Specimen  No.  1  (wrought  iron),  length  11  5-16* 
inches,  was  elongated  to  12  9-16  inches  and 
broke  only  at  a  strain  equal  to  52,836  pounds  to 
the  square  inch.  Specimen  No.  2,  length  10$ 
inches,  elongated  to  I2J  inches,  broke  at  a  pres- 
sure of  61,880  pounds,  equal  to  the  best  iron 
made  at  the  present  day.  Another  specimen 
was  reduced  J  inch  and  elongated  from  9  to  9J 
iuches,  and  broke  at  a  strain  of  00.USO  pounds" 
The  bolts  were  placed  in  the  bridge  when  it  was 
built,  GO  years  ago.  The  tests  were  made  by 
Mr.  Wendell  BoUman  at  his  works. — Baltimore 
Gazette,  April  11th. 

Chloride  of  Lime  as  an  Insecticide. — Le 
Cultivateur  remarks  that  rats,  mice  and  insects 
will  at  once  desert  ground  on  which  a  little 
chloride  of  limo  has  been  Bprinkled.  Plants 
may  be  protected  from  insect  plagues  by  brush- 
ing their  stems  with  a  solution  of  it.  It  has 
often  been  noticed  that  a  patch  of  land  which 
has  been  treated  in  this  way  remains  religiously 
respected  by  grubs,  while  the  unprotected  beds 
round  about  are  literally  devastated.  Fruit 
trees  may  be  guarded  from  the  attacks  of  grubs 
by  attaching  to  their  trunks  pieces  of  tow 
smeared  with  a  mixture  of  chloride  of  lime  and 
hog's  lard,  and  ants  and  grubs  already  in  posses- 
sion will  rapidly  vacate  their  position. 

Zinc. — It  ia  surprising  what  an  amount  of 
zinc  is  consumed  in  the  United  States  in  the 
various  industries  into  which  it  enters.  Hun- 
dreds upon  hundreds  of  tons  are  used  for  wash- 
boards, fruit-jar  tops,  platforms  for  stoves, 
fancy  cornice  works,  candlesticks,  trunk  cover- 
ings, buttons,  tacks,  and  many  other  uses,  be- 
sides that  which  is  converted  into  paint.  Its 
uses  are  almost  as  varied  as  the  uses  of  iron, 
and  it  is  each  day  growing  more  and  more  into 
favor  as  it  is  better  understood.  Zinc  will  in 
time  become  a  metal  which  will  rank  with  iron 
in  popularity,  and  will  eventually  supersede 
tin.  Formerly  nearly  all  the  zinc  used  in  this 
country  by  painters  was  obtained  from  abroad; 
but  it  i3  now  furnished  from  our  own  mines. 


quarrels  at  the  conference  and  depute  one  of 
their  number  to  preach  on  this  matter  next 
Sunday?     Hey  I— Daily  Graphic. 


The  First  Lead  Pencil.— The  statement 
that  Eberhard  Faber,  the  well-known  lead 
pencil  maker  of  New  York,  whoBe  death  oc- 
cured  recently,  "built  the  first  lead  pencil  fao 
tory  ever  known  in  America,"  is  pronounced  in- 
correct. William  Monroe,  of  Concord,  Mass., 
is  said  to  have  made  the  first  lead  pencil  ever 
made  in  America,  in  1811,  and  in  a  few  years 
established  an  extensive  manufactory  of  them, 
which  he  continued  until  hia  retirement  from 
the  business,  in  1848.  His  pencils  for  many 
years  were  the  best,  and  almoBt  the  only  ones 
used  in  this  country. 

Black  Lacquer  for  Metal  and  Wood. 
Nine  parts  of  shellac  are  dissolved  in  50  parta  of 
methylic  alcohol  and  aet  aside  for  a  few  days. 
Then  10  parts  of  pulverized  asphaltum  are  dis- 
solved in  50  parts  of  coal  tar  benzine.  Both 
liquids  being  mixed,  a  sufficient  quantity  of 
lampblack  is  added  to  give  it  the  required 
density.  When  necessary,  it  may  be  diluted 
with  a  mixture  of  alcohol  and  benzine. — Chemi- 
ker  Zeitung. 


Q@©q   r|E^LXr|. 


Soluble  Glass  in  Bronzing. — Bottger  var- 
niahea   objects  of    wood,    porcelain,    glasa,    or 

metal  with  soluble  glasa,  and  then  shakes  bronze    Weak  stomachs  invite  whiaky,  brandy  or  other 
powder  over  them.—  Dingier' a  Journal.  |  stimulants,     Will  the  miniaters  suspend  their 


For  Your  Stomach's  Sake. 

Reader,  do  you  recollect  that  you  have  a 
stomach  ?  Or  do  you  take  no  thought  of  your 
stomach  and  fill  it  up  with  anything  which 
taatea  good  and  comes  handy  ?  Or  do  you  real- 
ize that  the  stomach  manufactures  strength  for 
body  and  brain  ?  Wouldn't  you,  were  you  cer- 
tain that  the  eating  of  certain  articles  of  food 
and  the  rejection  of  others  make  you,  in  two 
years,  twice  as  strong,  physically  and  mentally, 
as  you  are  now ;  wouldn't  you  eat  them  ?  Be- 
cause a  clear  head  means  caah.  A  muddled 
head  means  poverty.  Brother,  there's  millions 
in  eating  the  right  stuff.  Maybe  you  are  more 
or  less  dyspeptic.  Maybe  you  cram  hot  bread 
and  fried  ham  into  your  stomach  every  morning 
for  breakfast.  Maybe  you're  pressed  daily  with 
business,  neglect  lunch  and  starve  the  stomach. 
Maybe  all  of  ua  do.  Maybe  atarved  stomachs 
and  eating  food  which  tastes  nicely  but  doesn't 
build  up,  recuperate  or  strengthen  are  the  causes 
of  our  ills.  Maybe  we  eat  hearty  meals  and 
work  like  dray  horses  the  moment  we  have 
finished.  Maybe  the  man  driving  a  good  horse 
always  allows  him  a  half  hour's  rest  after  he 
has  had  his  corn.  Whoa !  Maybe  he  doesn't 
allow  that  horse  to  eat  after  working  until  he's 
cooled  off  and  his  pulse  is  restful.  Hey  !  Other- 
wise horse  "founders." 

Brethren,  do  we  not  founder  betimes  in  that 
we  take  not  so  good  care  of  ourselves  as  we  do 
of  our  horses  ?  Brethren,  the  greatness  of  a 
people  depends  on  their  intelligence  !  Intelli- 
gence depends  much  on  a  clear  head  ;  a  clear 
head  depends  much  on  a  aound  stomach;  a  sound 
stomach  may  poasibly  be  cultivated.  It  takes 
a  live  man  to  get  along  in  the  world ;  a  half 
dead  man  lags  far  behind  ;  a  quarter  dead  man 
lags  a  little  also.  Brethren,  some  of  us  have 
weak  stomachs  left  ua  aa  a  legacy  by  our  parents. 
Brethren  and  Bisters,  some  of  us  now  may  be 
endowing  weak    stomachs    on    our    offspring. 


Unbolted  Wheat-Meal  Bread. 

During  the  administration  of  William  Pitt  in 
England,  there  was  a  great  scarcity  of  wheat, 
aud  in  order  to  make  it  go  as  far  aa  possible, 
Parliament  passed  a  law  that  all  the  bread  for 
the  army  ahould  be  made  out  of  unbolted 
wheat-meal.  History  states  that  the  result 
was  such  an  improved  condition  among  the 
soldiers  as  surprised  them,  and  also  their  offi- 
cers and  surgeons.  The  latter  declared  that 
never  before  were  the  soldiers  ao  healthy  and 
robust,  aud  that  disease  had  nearly  disappeared 
from  the  army.  For  a  long  time  this  kind  of 
bread  was  used  almost  exclusively,  but  when 
wheat  became  abundant,  its  use  was  discon- 
tinued. 

The  use  of  unbolted  wheat-meal  bread  haa 
become  greatly  extended  throughout  the  civil- 
ized world  within  the  past  generation,  and 
every  housewife  should  know  how  to  make  the 
very  best  article  aud  have  it  constantly  on  the 
table.  Children  do  much  better  upon  it  than 
upon  bread  made  from  fine  flour. 

In  the  State  of  Massachusetts  they  have  nor- 
mal schools  where  young  men  and  women  are 
educated  for  teachers  at  the  public  expense. 
In  one  of  these  schools,  it  is  stated  to  us  upon 
good  authority,  that  the  young  ladies  who 
come  there  to  be  educated  are  mostly  from  the 
rural  diatricta,  and  that  they  are  not  well 
developed  physically.  Inquiry  having  been 
made  into  the  cause  of  this,  it  has  been  found 
that  these  young  women  had  not  been  well  fed 
at  home.  They  are  brought  up  on  hot  biscuit 
and  tea,  and  this  does  not  supply  sufficient 
nourishment  to  develop  healthy  bodies.  The 
substitution  of  wheat-meal  bread  in  all  these 
cases  would  make  a  great  difference  in  the 
physical  development,  health,  longevity  and 
usefulness  of  these  persons. 


Cause  and  Cure  of  Snoring. — A  writer  in 
the  Scientific  Monthly  tellB  how  the  habit  of 
snoring  is  acquired,  and,  better,  how  it  may  be 
cured:  And,  first,  the  cause:  The  air  reaches 
the  lungs  through  two  channels,  the  nose  and 
the  mouth.  The  two  currents  meet  in  the 
throat  just  below  the  soft  palate,  the  end  of 
which  hangs  loose  and  swings  backward  and 
forward,  producing  the  snoring.  If  the  air 
reaches  the  lungs,  as  it  ahould,  through  the 
nose,  no  noise  will  be  made.  If  it  reaches  the 
the  same  through  the  mouth,  the  palate  will 
make  more  noise,  since  it  is  uot  the  natural 
channel,  but  when  it  rushes  through  both  these 
channels,  then  it  ia  that  the  sound  sleeper  ban- 
ishes rest  from  the  pillows  of  his  companions  by 
his  hideous  noise.  The  remedy  for  Bnoring  is  to 
keep  the  mouth  closed;  and  for  this  purpose  Dr. 
Wyeth,  the  writer  of  the  article  referred  to, 
has  invented  an  article  so  cheap  that  anyone 
can  make  it,  and  no  snorer  should  be  without 
it.  It  consists  of  a  single  cap,  fitting  the  head 
snugly,  and  a  piece  of  soft  material  fitting  the 
chin.  These  are  connected  by  elastic  webbing, 
which  ia  connected  with  the  head  cap  near  the 
eara.  This  contrivance  prevents  the  jaw  from 
dropping  down,  and  thereby  renders  snoring 
impossible.  The  great  trouble  will  be  to  get 
people  to  adopt  this  invention,  since  the  most 
upright  and  honest  of  men  and  women  will 
rarely,  if  ever,  confess  that  they  snore,  and  will 
be  very  indignant  if  accused  of  it.  As  a  further 
inducement  to  the  introduction  of  this  contriv- 
ance of  Dr.  Wyeth,  it  may  be  added  that  breath- 
ing through  the  mouth  is  very  detrimental  to 
the  health,  and  that  many  diseases  of  the  throat 
and  lungs  are  contracted  or  aggravated  thereby. 


Personal  Health  and  Comfort.— The  fol- 
lowing simple  rules  for  preserving  health  and 
promoting  personal  comfort,  if  not  new  to  some 
of  our  readers,  are  none  the  leBS  important  to 
every  one.  The  object  of  brushing  the  teeth  is 
to  remove  the  destructive  particles  of  food 
which,  by  their  decomposition,  generate  decay. 
To  neutralize  the  acid  reaulting  from  this  chem- 
ical change  is  the  object  of  dentifrices.  A  stiff 
brush  ahould  be  used  after  every  meal,  and  a 
thread  of  silk  floss  or  india-rubber  passed 
through  between  the  teeth  to  remove  particles 
of  food.  Rinsing  the  mouth  in  lime-water  neu- 
tralizes the  acid.  A  sun-bath  is  the  most  re- 
freahing  and  life-giving  bath,  that  can  possibly 
be  taken.  Always  keep  the  feet  warm,  and 
thus  avoid  colda.  To  this  end,  never  sit  in 
damp  Bhoes  or  wear  foot- coverings  fitting  and 
pressing  closely.  The  beat  time  to  eat  fruit  ia 
half  an  hour  before  breakfaat.  A  full  bath 
should  not  be  taken  less  than  three  hours  after 
a  meal.  Never  drink  cold  water  before  bathing. 
Do  not  take  a  cold  bath  when  tired.  Keep  a 
box  of  powdered  starch  on  the  wash-Btand;  and, 
after  washing,  rub  a  pinch  over  the  hands.  It 
will  prevent  chapping.  If  feeling  cold  before 
going  to  bed,  exercise;  do  not  roast  over  a  fire. 


Another  Cure  for  Hydrophobia.— A  Ger- 
man gamekeeper  (W.  Gassel),  82  years  of  age, 
states  in  the  Leipziger  Zeitung:  "I  do  not  wish 
to  bury  with  me  my  much-approved  remedy 
against  the  bite  of  mad-dogs,  but  will  make  it 
publicly  known;  that  is  the  last  service  I  can 
render  to  the  world.  Take  some  warm  wine 
vinegar  and  lukewarm  water,  wash  the  wound 
thoroughly,  and  dry  it.  Then  pour  a  few  drops 
of  muriatic  acid  on  the  wound,  because  mineral 
acids  destroy  the  poison  of  the  saliva." — Jour- 
nal  of  Chemistry. 


804 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[May  io,  1879. 


W.  B.  EWER Senior  Editor. 


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SAN   FRANCISCO: 
Saturday  Morning,  May  10,  1879. 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 

GENERAL  EDITORIALS.— Terrace  Canyons  and 
Cliffs;  No  Cause  for  Alarm;  Co-operative  Colony  Associa- 
tion; New  Form  of  Stamp-Mill,  297-  The  Week;  The 
Future  of  the  Comstock;  Shifting  the  Centers  of  Finan- 
cial Supremacy  Opening  up  a  New  Mining  Region.  The 
Great  Australian  Exhibition,  304.  AJnerican  Gauging 
and  Measuring  Implements.— JSo.  1;  The  Coleman 
Sluice  -A  Machine  for  Saving  Fine  Gold;  Quicksilver 
Movements,  305.  Anderson;  Notices  of  Recent  Pat- 
ents, 308. 

ILLUSTRATIONS.— Bird's-eye  View  of  Terrace  Can- 
yons, 297.  Adults  and  Young  of  the  Penguin  Family, 
Inhabiting  the  Coasts  and  Oceans  of  the  Southern  Hem- 
isphere, 302.  American  Standard  Gauge  and  Tool 
Works'  Measurine:  Machine,  305. 

CORRESPONDENCE.  —  Letter  from  Tuolumne 
County,  298. 

MECHANICAL  PROGRESS.  —  Suggestions  for 
Safe  and  Economic  Generation  of  Steam;  A  Polysphenic 
Ship;  Economic  Production  of  Steam;  American  Wood 
Screws  in  England,  299. 

SCIENTIFIC  PROGRESS.— A  New  Form  of  Car- 
bon; The  Nature  of  Eozoon;  Tracing  the  Hudson  Under 
the  Sea;  Electro-Chemical  Action  Under  Pressure;  Im- 
provements in  the  Telephone;  Gallium  Battery;  Bleach- 
ing Diamonds;  Brorsen's  Comet;  "Varying  Velocity  of 
Sound;  Rise  in  the  Waters  of  Great  Salt  Lake;  Changes 
of  Spectra;  New  Method  of  Producing  Metallic  Chro- 
mium; Retention  of  Heat,  299. 

MINING  STOCK  MARKET.— Sales  at  the  San 
Francisco,  California  and  Pacific  Stock  Boards.  Notices 
of  Assessments,  Meetings  and  Dividends,  300. 

MINING  SUMMARY  from  the  different  counties  of 
California,  Nevada,  Arizona  and  Oregon,  301. 

THE  ENGINEER.— The  Suez  Canal;  The  Railways  of 
the  World,  302.  Submarine  Work  in  New  York  Har- 
bor; An  Engineering  Feat;  Dynamite  Shell;  A  Great 
Work;  Speed  on  Narrow-Gauge  Railroads;  Gas  Engines; 
Bridge  Mathematics,  303. 

USEFUL  INFORMATION.— Colored  Pencils  for 
Glass;  Milk  and  its  Enemies;  Improved  Mold  forCasting 
Copper  and  its  Alloys;  ureek  Bread;  Soluble  Glass  in 
Bronzing;  Testing  Iron  60  Years  Old;  Chloride  of  Lime 
as  an  Insecticide;  Zinc;  The  First  Lead  Pencil;  Black 
Lacquer  for  Metal  and  Wood,  303. 

GOOD  HEALTH  —For  Your  Stomach's  Sake;  Un- 
bolted Wheat-Meal  Bread;  Cause  and  Cure  of  Snoring; 
Personal  Health  and  Comfort;  Another  Cure  for  Hydro- 
phobia, 303- 

MISCELLANEOUS— Volcanoes  of  the  Pacific  Coast; 
Mining  in  New  Mexico;  Electric  Light  in  Hydraulic 
Mining;  The  Richmond  Furnace.  298.  A  Group  of 
Penguins;  A  Curious  Cave;  Fine  Gold;  Distribution  of 
Fish;  The  Future  of  Leadville,  302. 

NEWS  IN  BRIEF  on  308  and  other  pages 

Business   Announcements. 

Notice  to  the  Mining  Public,  Rankin,  Brayton  &  Co.,  S.  F. 
H  S.  Crocker  &Co.,  Printers  and  Stationers,  S.  F. 
Delinquent  Sale — Mount  Jefferson  M.  &  M.  Co. 


The  Week. 


The  Constitutional  blast  has  been  fired  and 
the  echoea  of  the  explosion  are  still  ringing  in 
our  ears.  The  atmosphere  is  yet  too  smoky  for 
the  exact  determination  of  its  effectiveness, 
but  as  the  majority  of  counties  have  been  heard 
from  there  can  be  little  doubt  but  that  the  new 
organic  law  has  been  adopted.  The  election 
passed  off  very  quietly—  a  matter  of  congratu- 
lation, considering  the  intensity  of  interest  and 
bitterness  of  partizanship  displayed  during  the 
campaign.  To-day  the  lassitude  attendant 
upon  excitement  and  over-strained  exertion  is 
plainly  visible  in  all  the  parties,  and  with  all 
there  is  a  sense  of  relief  that  the  crisis  has  been 
passed  and  the  matter  settled. 

In  general  the  mining  interests  will  go  on  as 
if  there  had  been  no  election.  The  Constitu- 
tional change  does  not  alter  the  quantity  or 
quality  of  the  ores  in  our  mines,  nor  yet  does  it 
lessen  the  desire  for  their  products.  There 
may  be  restrictions  created  in  some  directions 
by  the  new  order  of  things,  but  these  will  in  the 
main  be  counterbalanced  by  the  good  derived 
in  others.  Above  all  things,  work  must  not  be 
allowed  to  flag.  For,  whether  under  old  Con- 
stitution or  new  Constitution,  an  honest  and 
contented  livelihood  can  only  be  attained  by 
earnest  and  persistent  effort.  The  idle  are  the 
despondent,  the  dependent  and  the  discon- 
tented ones,  and  honest  labor  under  any-  law 
seldom  fails  to  attain  Buccess. 


The  Future  of  the  Comstock. 


The  signs  point  just  now  to  increased  anima- 
tion in  the  mining  stock  market,  particularly  in 
the  shares  of  certain  Comstock  mines,  in  the 
lower  levels  of  which  a  good  showing  of  mineral 
has  lately  been  obtained.  As  exploration  pro- 
ceeds here  the  speculative  feeling  grows  apace, 
confidence  keeping  fully  abreast  if  not  a  little 
in  advance  of  ore  developments.  This  is  not 
business  like,  but  it  is  the  habit  of  those  who 
deal  much  in  this  sort  of  securities,  and  hence 
must  be  looked  for.  This  ilk  are  a  sanguine 
people,  apt  to  largely  discount  the  first  favor- 
able indications  met  with  at  these  great  depths, 
a  hatful  of  ore  here  obtained  sufficing  some- 
times to  inspire  wide-spread  enthusiasm  and 
create  a  great  upheaval  of  the  market. 

We  tock  occasion  not  long  since  to  counsel 
men  of  smaU  means  not  to  dabble  in  these  Com- 
stock shares;  a  caution  which  it  may  not  be 
amiss,  in  a  season  of  danger  like  the  present, 
to  repeat.  The  Comstock  mines  have,  in  times 
past,  yielded  a  large  amount  of  bullion.  A  few 
of  them  have  been  worked  with  great  profit, 
paying  for  a  short  time  liberal  dividends.  But 
the  ore  from  which  this  production  was  made 
lay  at  much  less  depths  than  the  new  finds  on 
which  these  mines  must  depend  for  a  renewal 
of  their  prosperity.  The  chances  are  against 
the  finding  of  any  more  large  and  valuable  ore 
bodies  along  the  Comstock  range  at  depths 
much  under  2,000  feet.  Should  any  of  these 
mines  come  into  or  again  return  to  bonanza,  it 
is  not  probable  that  very  large  amounts  of  ore 
will  be  obtained  above  the  2200  or  2300-foot 
level.  The  cost  of  ore  extraction  in  these  mines 
increases  in  a  sort  of  geometrical  ratio  with 
depth.  This  is  not  so  much  on  account  of  the 
greater  trouble  of  raising  the  ore  and  water,  as 
of  the  increased  heat  and  difficulty  of  ventila- 
tion, already  so  formidable  that  the  work  of 
exploration  on  the  present  lower  levels  proceeds 
very  slowly.  With  a  depth  of  a  few  more 
hundred  feet  attained  there  is  danger  that 
downward  operations  will  be  arrested  altogether. 
The  temperature  of  the  air  in  these  levels  ranges 
from  130°  to  140°,  the  water  standing  at  154° 
Fahrenheit.  At  the  rate  of  increase  observed 
above  the  air  at  a  depth  of  3,000  feet  will  reach 
a  temperature  of  160°  or  170°;  an  atmosphere  in 
which  men  cannot  even  live,  much  less  work, 
and  which  would  therefore  force  an  entire  aban- 
donment of  the  mines. 

These  are  matters  that  should  be  taken  into 
consideration  by  persons  disposed  to  traffic  in 
Comstock  shares.  That  they  have  not  been 
overlooked  by  some  who  were  in  times  past 
largely  interested  in  these  mines,  may  be  in- 
ferred from  the  fact  that  these  parties  have 
lately  been  drawing  out  of  the  Comstock  and 
investing  in  mining  properties  elsewhere.  The 
further  prospecting  of  the  Comstock  should  be 
left  to  be  prosecuted  by  men  with  abundant 
means,  who  can  afford  to  take  many  chances  of 
failure  when  coupled  with  one  of  large  success. 
They  can  pay  out  without  feeling  it  an  amount 
of  assessments  that  would  greatly  distress  a 
poor  man. 

It  would  be  just  as  perilous  to  buy  these 
shares  for  a  turn  in  the  market  as  for  a  perma- 
nent investment.  The  outlook  for  the  Sierra 
Nevada  is  as  favorable  perhaps  just  now  as  for 
any  mine  on  the  Comstock.  Yet  a  property 
that  is  capable  of  advancing  its  market  price 
from  a  few  hundred  thousand  dollars  to  sixty 
or  seventy  millions  and  receding  to  five  mil- 
lions, all  within  the  space  of  a  year,  leaving 
everybody  in  doubt  after  this  feat  is  performed 
which  set  of  figures  most  nearly  represents  its 
actual  value,  must  be  a  dangerous  one  to  meddle 
with. 

Shifting  the  Centers  of  Financial  Su- 
premacy. 

Heretofore  London  and  Paris,  more  especially 
the  former,  have  been  the  great  financial  cen- 
ters of  the  world.  In  all  past  time  they  have 
been  the  great  marts  for  gold  and  sUver,  fixing 
their  prices  and  regulating  the  rate  of  exchange 
between  all  civilized  peoples.  To  these  cities 
money  seeking  investment  and  all  surplus  funds 
have  gravitated,  and  to  them  capitalists  desirous 
of  effecting  loans  and  nations  in  the  market  as 
borrowers  have  gone  for  accommodations.  The 
principal  means  whereby  England  has  gained, 
and  for  so  long  a  time  been  enabled  to  maintain 
this  financial  supremacy,  have  consisted  of  her 
manufacturing  industries  and  immense  carrying 
capabilities,  the  outgrowths  of  the  free  trade 
policy  for  which  she  managed  to  procure  such 
general  acceptance. 

At  last  this  great  financial  center  seems  likely 
to  be  shifted  from  the  old  world  to  the  new. 
The  balance  of  trade,  formerly  against  us,  has 
for  several  years  past  been  largely  in  our  favor, 
our  exports  last  year  having  exceeded  our  im- 
ports by  more  than  $250,000,000,  preventing 
that  amount  of  money  from  being  sent  abroad. 
We  are  producing  bullion  within  the  limits  of 
the  United  States  at  the  rate  of  a  hundred  mil- 
lions a  year.  The  consequence  is  the  flow  of 
gold  and  silver  out  of  the  country  has  been 
stopped;  credits  are  in  our  favor,  and  it  looks 
as  if  exchange  would  before  long  be  everywhere 
quoted  on  New  York  instead  of  London.  Of 
these  cities  New  York  is,  both  by  reason  of  her 
geographical  position  and  her  industrial  rela- 
tions, the  most  central  to  the  leading  commer- 


cial nations  of  the  earth.  Then,  too,  she  has 
the  advantage  of  greater  proximity  to  the  large 
gold  and  silver-producing  regions  of  the  present 
day,  while  our  transcontinental  railroads  have 
brought  her  nearer  to  the  Orient  than  is  her 
British  rival.  We  are  a  growing  while  England 
is  a  declining  power,  rendering  such  a  trans- 
fer as  is  here  aUuded  to  altogether  natural  and 
probable. 

While  New  York,  taking  up  the  reins  that 
Brittania  must  drop,  shall  so  grow  and  rule  on 
the  Atlantic,  San  Francisco  will  reach  an  early 
and  great  supremacy  on  the  Pacific  side  of  the 
continent.  In  the  agricultural  and  mineral 
wealth  of  the  coast  and  her  far  out-reaching 
trade  her  future  is  assured.  While  she  con- 
tinues as  at  present  a  great  ore  mart  and  supply 
point  for  the  mining  regions  west  of  and  adja- 
cent to  the  Rocky  mountains,  her  manufac- 
tures, more  especially  of  mining  machinery, 
must  rapidly  increase.  From  western  Mexico 
and  Central  America  on  the  south,  and  from 
British  Columbia  and  Alaska  on  the  north,  these 
demands  will  hereafter  multiply  at  an  amazing 
rate,  the  extension  of  railroads  into  the  interior 
rendering  tributary  to  her  interests  meantime 
new  domains  in  that  direction.  San  Francisco 
sits  with  New  York,  London,  Paris  and  Hong- 
kong in  the  zone  that  most  controls  the  material 
interests  of  mankind,  and  may  justly  aspire  to 
share  with  them  this  sovereign  power.  Besides 
enjoying  all  their  natural  advantages,  she  finds 
in  her  mines,  her  situation  and  surroundings 
resources  peculiar  to  herself,  and  which  must 
soon  insure  to  her  the  financial  consequence  now 
pertaining  to  these  other  metropolitan  towns. 
The  present  halt  in  her  progress  is  but  the  stop- 
ping of  the  strong  man  to  girt  up  his  loins  for  a 
fresh  start.  San  Francisco  is  young,  unbur- 
dened with  debt  and  environed  with  innumera- 
ble sources  of  virgin  wealth.  Her  recuperative 
energies  are  of  the  irrepressible  kind,  and  when 
she  makes  again  a  forward  move,  her  advance- 
ment will  be  rapid,  healthful  and  permanent. 
Relatively  her  progress  will  be  greater  than  that 
of  New  York  or  any  of  the  large  cities  of  the 
old  world.  Indeed,  we  know  not  where  to  look 
for  the  city  that  will  keep  pace  with  her,  once 
she  resumes  her  onward  march;  and  this  we 
may  venture  to  predict,  that  whatever  she  may 
gain  will  not  afterwards  be  lost.  There  may 
come  a  lull  in  her  growth  but  no  general  decay 
till  there  shall  be  no  more  need  for  great  cities 
on  the  face  of  our  globe. 


Opening  Up  a  New  Mining  Region. 

The  whole  of  northeastern  Nevada  abounds 
with  irregular  mountain  ranges  alternating 
with  broad  valleys  and  barren  plains,  portions' 
of  which  during  the  wet  season  are  converted 
into  shallow  lakes.  It  is  a  dry,  sterile  and 
every  way  forbidding  region,  worth  but  little 
for  either  grazing  or  farming  purposes.  There 
is,  however,  a  small  amount  of  good  agricultural 
land  in  some  of  the  valleys,  and  upon  which 
fair  crops  of  grain  and  vegetables  could  be 
raised  with  irrigation.  There  is  everywhere 
bunch  grass,  the  growth  on  the  plains  being 
scattered  and  scant,  but  quite  abundant  on  the 
mountains,  where  also  there  is  good  water  and 
some  timber. 

.  The  mountains  in  this  region  were  explored 
for  the  precious  metals  at  an  early  day,  pros- 
pecting parties  having  visited  it  even  before 
the  Washoe  mines  were  discovered.  It  was  in 
1858  that  Peter  Lassen,  the  pioneer,  was  killed 
by  the  Indians  while  out  there  on  an  errand  of 
this  kind.  Two  years  later  a  large  party  from 
Virginia  City  visited  and  thoroughly  examined 
this  remote  corner  of  the  State,  and  finding 
good  signs  of  mineral,  organized  a  mining  dis- 
trict named  Pueblo,  took  up  claims  and  done 
some  work  on  them.  Shortly  after  quite  a  large 
population  gathered  there,  some  of  which  set- 
tled on  the  land  while  others  engaged  in  mining. 
A  town  was  built,  a  sawmill  put  up  and  several 
hundred  acres  of  land  enclosed  and  cultivated. 
While  this  colony  was  so  progressing  the  In- 
dians became  hostile,  and  attacking,  killed 
some  of  the  settlers  and  drove  the  rest  out  of 
the  country,  their  houses,  mill  and  other  im- 
provements having  been  giving  to  the  flames. 

From  that  time  until  recently  not  much  was 
done  towards  prospecting  the  mines  or  occupy- 
ing the  lands  in  that  region.  It  appears  from 
the  Nevada  papers  that  a  party  of  miners  has 
lately  gone  in  there  and  re-locating  the  old 
claims,  organized  a  new  district,  calling  it  Dis- 
aster Peak,  this  name  having  reference  to  the 
misfortunes  that  befel  the  first  set  of  colonists. 
The  mines  give  good  evidence  of  being  valuable, 
and  as  there  are  no  longer  any  Indians  to  deter 
prospectors  the  whole  country  will  no  doubt  be 
thoroughly  explored  and  its  value  for  mining 
purposes  be  determined. 

Revolving  Cylinder  Furnaces. — As  will 
will  be  seen  from  an  advertisement  in  another 
column,  Messrs.  Rankin,  Brayton  &  Co.,  of  the 
Pacific  Iron  Works,  are  now  enabled  to^give 
purchasers  the  licenses  of  all  patent  claimants 
in  revolving  cylinder  furnaces,  to  wit:  White, 
Howell,  Thompson  and  the  Stedefeldt  Furnace 
Co.  This  wili  avoid  all  further  litigation  in 
reference  to  these  rival  claims. 


The  late  warm  weather  has  caused  the  snow 
on  the  Sierra  Nevada  to  melt  pretty  rapidly. 
As  a  consequence  the  water  in  "the  mountain 
streams  is  reaching  a  high  stage. 


The  Great  Australian  Exhibition. 

We  made  a  notice  some  weeks  ago  of  the 
grand  International  exhibition  which  will  be 
held  at  Sydney  in  September  next.  As  this 
affords  an  opportunity  for  the  display  of  Cali- 
fornia productions  and  manufactures  in  a  part 
of  the  world  where  it  is  greatly  to  our  advan- 
tage to  build  up  trade  and  commercial  amity, 
we  deem  it  timely  to  make  farther  allusion  to 
the  subject.  We  had  a  conversation  on  Tuesday 
with  Rev.  Dr.  John  I.  Bleasdale,  who  is  acting 
under  authority  of  the  managers  of  the  exhibi- 
tion as  their  representative  on  this  coast.  He 
received  the  approval  of  the  Supervisors  of  the 
city  and  county  of  San  Francisco,  and  has  been 
given  rooms  in  the  New  City  Hall  on  Market 
street,  where  all  interested  in  the  coming  dis- 
play at  Sydney  may  call  upon  or  address  him. 
The  Supervisors  expressed  their  interest  in  the 
exhibition  in  these  words:  "There  exists  be- 
tween the  State  of  California  and  the  Austra- 
lian colonies  the  most  intimate  commercial  re- 
lations, the  fostering  of  which  should  be  our 
especial  aim.  Therefore  this  board,  heartily 
sympathizing  with  the  projected  International 
exhibition  at  Sydney,  and  desiring  its  complete 
success,  earnestly  recommends  the  mechanical, 
agricultural,  commercial  and  other  interests  of 
this  city  and  State  to  contribute  thereto  the 
products  of  their  various  industries." 

Securing  this  approval,  Dr.  Bleasdale  ad- 
dressed a  letter  to  his  Excellency  Governor 
Irwin,  setting  forth  the  aims  of  the  exhibition. 
Governor  Irwin  replied  in  the  following  words  : 
"I  am  in  the  fullest  sympathy  with  the  objects 
of  the  International  exhibition  to  be  held  at 
Sydney,  N.  S.  Wales,  in  September,  and  most 
cordially  recommend  to  the  enterprising  citizens 
of  the  State  to  do  what  they  can  to  have  a 
creditable  representation  of  the  products  of  the 
State  and  its  industries  at  the  said  exhibition." 

Thus  the  movement  to  give  ourState  a  rep- 
resentation at  Sydney  has  received  official  recog- 
nition, but  it  remains  wholly  with  individual 
producers  and  manufacturers  to  give  the  matter 
a  tangible  form  in  the  shape  of  material  for 
exhibition.  It  is  true  that  the  exhibition  of 
our  good  things  will  occasion  the  pro-dncera 
or  manufacturers  some  outlay  for  freights,  but 
it  is  promised  that  concessions  will  be  made 
by  carryingcompanies.  The  different  classes 
of  objects  which  are  desired  for  exhibi- 
tion are  outlined  by  the  acting  commission 
in  this  city,  as  follows:  "1.  A  compilation  of 
statistics,  relating  to  the  population,  social 
condition,  commercial  and  industrial  state 
of  your  city,  town,  shire  or  distiict.  2. 
Photographs  of  the  most  notable  public 
and  other  buildings  in  and  around  your  city 
or  town,  and  of  the  most  agreeable  scenery 
in  the  neighborhood,  or  of  various  parts  of  your 
district,  and  in  the  case  of  gold  fields,  of  some 
of  the  principal  mines.  The  photographs  should 
be  of  uniform  size,  12  by  10  inches  being  pre- 
ferred. 3.  Exhibits  illustrating  the  perfection 
to  which  the  cultivation  of  grain  and  wool-grow- 
ing has  been  brought  in  your  district.  4.  The 
cultivation  of  the  vine  and  the  olive,  and  their 
products.  5.  The  extraction  of  the  precious 
metals.  6.  The  several  industrial  manufactures 
established,  with  samples  of  their  production. 
7.  Any  raw  product  which  may  have  a  value 
for  industrial  purposes." 

Dr.  Bleasdale  informs  us  that  he  is  receiving 
quite  a  list  of  applications  for  space  from  our 
city  merchants  and  manufacturers,  and  if  the 
time  were  greater,  doubtless  quite  a  representa- 
tive display  could  be  had.  Whatever  is  done  , 
must,  however,  be  done  quickly,  and  any  of  our 
readers  in  the  interior  who  are  disposed  to  con- 
tribute to  the  California  exhibit,  should  not 
delay  in  declaring  their  intention. 

It  may  be  announced  thus  early  that  next 
year  there  will  be  held  a  grand  International 
exhibition  at  Melbourne,  Victoria,  which  Dr. 
Bleasdale  will  represent  during  his  stay  on  this 
coast.  This  exhibition  wiU  be  on  even  a  larger 
scale  than  that  held  this  summer  at  Sydney. 
The  U.  S.  Government  has  already  appointed 
commissioners  to  act  for  the  Melbourne  exhibi- 
tion, and  it  is  fair  to  presume  that  our  country 
wiU  be  fuUy  represented. 

Eruptions  in  the  Hawaiian  Islands. — In 
the  latter  portion  of  March  last,  the  volcano  of 
Kilauea  was  sending  forth  a  lava  flow  of  unu- 
sual volume,  which  is  described  by  the  Hawaiian 
Gazette  as  foUows:  "There  was  a  large  lava 
flow  just  to  leeward  of  the  crater.  A  river  of 
running  lava  of  about  a  mile  and  a  quarter  long 
by  three-quarters  of  a  mile  wide.  Looking  to- 
wards it,  it  wasagrand  sight.  The  lava  seemed 
to  run  to  sea  at  the  rate  of  about  half  a  mile  an 
hour.  There  is  scarcely  any  fire  in  any  part  of 
the  crater,  except  where  the  lava  is  flowing 
from,  and  it  is  still  running.  If  it  runs  much 
longer  there  will  be  danger.  There  was  some 
fire  on  the  top  of  Maunaloa  two  weeks  ago,  and 
all  the  people  in  Kau  expect  a  lava  flow  down 
there  sooner  or  later.  They  had  a  shock  of 
earthquake  at  Kau  about  a  week  ago,  and  the 
people  there  are  keeping  a  sharp  lookout  for 
what  may  come. "  From  the  foregoing,  it  would 
seem  there  are  apprehensions  of  stirring  times 
in  the  neighborhood  of  the  crater  of  Kilauea  and 
Maunaloa,  and  we  would  not  be  surprised  to 
learn  at  any  moment  of  volcanic  action  of  un- 
usual violence.  It  is  some  years  since  there 
was  any  great  out-pouring  at  Kilauea  and  Mau- 
naloa, and  it  is  but  natural  that  there  should  be 
a  demonstration  of  nature  at  intervals,  as  here- 
tofore. These  things  are  looked  for  by  the  n** 
tives,  and  seems  to  occasion  no  alarm, 


May  10,  1879.J 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS 


American  Ganging  and  Measuring  Imple- 
ments.—No.  1. 

Accurate  measurement  liea  at  the  foundation 
of  all  mechanical  success.  The  workmen  who 
carelessly  applies  his  standard  gauge  knows 
that  much  depends  npon  the  perfect  identity  in 
size  which  be  arranges  between  the  work  in 
band  and  the  standard  furnished  him,  but  he 
seldom  thinks  of  the  tireless  effort  which  has 
been  undertaken  to  establish  a  standard.  L'util 
recently  this  work  has  mainly  boon  entrusted  to 
foreign  mechanic*,  but  it  is  a  theme  for  con- 
gratulation that  Americans  have  now  entered 
the  lists  with  them  and  have  devised  appliances 
for  measurement  which  are  unsurpassed  for  ac- 
curacy. 

Our  mechanical  progress  in  this  direction  was 
lately  shown  in  a  paper  read  in  February  last 
before  the  Franklin  Institute,  of  Philadelphia, 
by  J.  Kichards,  a  member  of  the  tirm  of  Rich- 
ards, Hand  S  Taylor  proprietors  of  the  Ameri- 
can Standard  Gauge  and  Tool  Works,  of  Phila- 
delphia, Pa.  From  this  paper  of  Mr.  Kichards 
we  shall  take  points  of  description  and  illustra- 
tion which  will  shew,  at  least  in  part,  the 
achievements  of  Americans  in  the  lines  we  have 
intimated. 

It  is  well  known  to  everyone  connected  with 
engineering  manufactures,  that  the  maintenance 
of  uniform  or  standard  dimensions  in  machine 
fitting,  is  fast  becoming  a  rule  and  almost  a 
necessity,  enhancing  the  value  of  what  is  made, 
and  at  the  same  time  cheapening  the  cost  of 
production  by  permitting  a  more  extended 
division  of  labor.  The  division  of  labor  in 
machine  fitting,  as  in  nearly  all  branches  of 
industry,  depends  on  what  may  be  called  dupli- 
cation, that  is,  producing  one  thing  like  another, 
so  that  different  workmen  may,  independent  of 
each  other,  prepare  parts  or  pieces  which  can  be 
assembled  and  put  together  without  trying  and 
band  fitting. 

The  export  of  American-made  machines  to 
Europe,  commenced,  we  may  claim,  because  of 
an  early  and  successful  application  of  the  gaug- 
ing system.  One  of  the  first  and  most  important 
orders  received  from  Europe  for  machinery,  was 
for  a  nearly  complete  equipment  of  implements 
for  the  Enfield  small-arms  factory,  in  England; 
machines  and  tools  the  main  object  of  which 
was  a  duplication  of  their  product.  Watches, 
clocks,  sewing  machines,  small  arms,  with  mauy 
other  articles  of  a  similar  kind,  are  now  made 
in  this  country  and  sold  in  Europe,  because  the 
Bystem  of  gauging  and  duplicating  offers  an 
advantage  overbalancing  cheaper  labor,  cheaper 
material  and  more  than  3,000  miles  of  ocean 
carriage. 

Reterring  now  to  machine  shop  gauges,  it  is 
well-known  that  most  of  our  larger  establish- 
ments have  been  supplied  with  standard  gauges 
imported  from  England,  usually  a  set  of  pins 
and  collars  such  are  shown  in  Fig.  1,  and  cor- 
responding to  what  is  called  the  Whitworth 
standard.  Most  of  these  gauges  are  made  in 
the  works  of  the  Whitworth  company  at  Man- 
chester, who  by  long  experience  and  their  repu- 
tation for  good  work,  have  controlled  this  manu- 
facture. Of  late  years,  however,  some  fine  ex- 
amples have  been  made  in  this  country,  but  at 
prices  much  greater  than  are  demanded  for 
English  gauges. 

Pins  and  collars — or  cylindrical  gauges  as 
they  are  generally  called — were,  so  far  as  we 
have  any  record,  first  made  by  the  celebrated 
John  G.  Bodmer,  of  Manchester,  a  Swiss  engi- 
neer who  may  be  regarded  as  the  compeer  of 
JSir  Joseph  Whitworth,  in  machine  tool  improve- 
ment. For  30  years  or  more  these  pins  and 
collars  have  been  made  with  great  exactness, 
the  fitting  surfaces  highly  polished  and  in  every 
respect  a  marvel  of  exactness  and  uniformity. 

In  1860  the  writer,  while  engaged  as  a  man- 
ager in  the  Ohio  Tool  Company  Works,  at 
Columbus,  Ohio,  feeling  the  want  of  some  means 
of  maintaining  sizes  and  not  having  sufficient 
use  for  suoh  implements  to  justify  the  purchase 
of  a  set  of  pins  and  collars,  conceived  the  idea 
of  introducing  some  cheaper  system,  by  which 
fixed  calipers  with  some  simple  means  to  keep 
them  in  adjustment,  would  take  the  place  of 
pins  and  collars.  The  matter  was  followed  up 
and  calipers  of  several  kinds  were  made,  also  a 
corrective  gauge  not  differing  much  from  the 
one  shown  in  Fig.  2. 

A  prevalent  opinion  exists  that  the  British 
and  Amerioan  standards  for  lineal  measure  are 
not  the  same.  This  idea,  I  ha\  e  been  informed 
by  Mr.  John  W.  Nystrom,  came  from  publica- 
tions of  the  Smithsonian  Institution,  but  a 
moment's  reflection  must  show  how  improbable 
it  is  that  there  is  any  difference  in  the  lineal 
measures  UBed.  The  British  standard  is  an 
arbitrary  one,  fixed  after  several  years  of  labor 
on  the  part  of  a  learned  commission  and  at  con- 
siderable expense.  The  pendulum  test,  which 
Was  the  only  natural  one  by  which  experiments 
were  made,  was  abandoned  after  thousands  of 
readings  showed  its  inconstancy.  The  French 
meter  of  the  forty-millionth  part  of  the  earth's 
meridian,  as  well  as  all  other  natural  standards, 
were  abandoned  for  the  same  reason,  and  the 
wisdom  of  this  course  has  been  proved  by  the 
French  government  since  adopting  an  arbitrary 
standard  the  same  as  the  English  had  done. 

In  this  country,  while  there  has  been  more 
spent  in  preparing  comparative  standards  than 
by  any  other  government  in  the  world,  there 
has  been  no  search,  so  far  as  I  know,  after 
natural  or  other  standards.  The  equipment  of 
implements  of  transmission  and  for  measuring, 


305 


exceeds  that  of  which  any  other  country  can 
boast,  but  the  principal  wisdom  shown  in  the 
matter,  has  been  in  avoiding  the  useless  expense 
of  fixing  au  independent  standard  which  might 
be  anything. 

By  comparison,  under  similar  conditions,  a 
metal  test  rod  adjusted  at  Washington  and  a 
similar  one  adjusted  at  London  would  show  a 
difference  duo  to  ten  degrees  of  temperature, 
and  this  is,  no  doubt,  the  only  difference.  It 
ia  enough  to  know  that  gauges  made  to  a  care- 
fully adjusted  standard  here  will  match  and 
interchange  with  thoso  made  iu  England. 

Proceeding,  now,  to  notice  more  particularly 
the  measuriug  machine  shown  inside  elevation 
at  Fig.  3  :  It  consists  of  a  strong  frame,  on 
the  top  of  which  are  two  traversing  slides  very 
carefully  fitted  and  moved  by  screws.  The  con- 
tact poiuts  seen  at  the  center  are  of  hardened 
steel  made  parallel  by  careful  fitting.  The 
idcx  wheels  at  each  eud  are  to  count  the  revolu- 
tions of  the  screws  or  divisions  of  tho  same. 
One  of  the  scrows  has  a  pitch  of  eight  threads 
to  an  inch  for  tho  ordinary  divisions  marked  on 
rules  and  scales,  and  the  other  screw  is  ten  per 
inch  for  decimal  divisions. 

In  measuring,  the  points  are  brought  together 
in  easy  contact  to  form  a  base  or  starting  point 
and  then  expanded  by  turning  one  or  the  other 
of  the  wheels,  or  both,  counting  the  revolutions 
or  parts  of  revolutions  to  determine  the  distance 
between  the  points  or  the  size  of  what  is  to  be 

Fig. 


The   Coleman   Sluice  —  A   Machine   for 
Saving  Fine  Gold. 

Our  gold  miners,  both  quartz  and  placer,  are 
greatly  in  want  of  a  machine  or  method  whereby 
a  larger  percentage  of  the  excessively  fine  par- 
ticles of  metal  contained  in  the  auriferous  earths 
and  ores  now  being  handled  by  them,  can  be 
saved.  Of  these  gold-bearing  stuffs  that  we 
attempt  to  work,  competent  judges  are  of  the 
opiuion  that  wo  now  lose  very  nearly  one- third 
of  the  total  amount  of  precious  metal  they  carry, 
this  heavy  proportion  making  not  merely  a  tem- 
porary escape,  but  being  irretrievably  lost  In 
view  of  a  waste  so  large  and  complete,  any  mode 
or  device  that  promises  to  much  diminish  the 
same,  claims  special  attention. 

The  importance  of  effecting  even  a  small  gain 
in  this  respect  finds  apt  illustration  in  the  case 
of  the  Snake  River  miues,  where  a  large  number 
of  men  are  likely  to  find  steady  and  profitable 
employment  for  many  years  through  the  intro- 
duction of  silver-coated  copper  plates,  which 
serve  to  catch  and  retaiu  much  of  the  fiue  gold 
that  had  escaped  the  apparatus  before  in  use. 
A  description  of  these  plates  and  the  manner  of 
adjusting  them  in  the  sluices  having  been  given 
in  some  comments  on  these  Suake  River  placers 
made  by  us  several  weeks  since,  need  not  now 
be  repeated. 

In  further  experimenting  with  these  machines, 

S. 


AMERICAN    STANDARD    GAUGE    AND    TOOL    WORKS'    MEASURING    MACHINE 


measured.  Oa  one  side  the  number  of  divisions 
is  1,000,  hence  with  a  screw  of  10  threads  to  an 
inch,  each  division  on  the  wheel  equals  1-10,- 
000th  of  an  inch  at  the  points. 

The  movable  indices  on  the  front  of  the 
machine  are  to  correct  the  imperfections  of  the 
screws  on  a  principle  which,  so  far  as  is  known, 
was  invented  by  Prof.  John  E.  Sweet,  of  Cor- 
nell University. 

The  two  set  screws  seen  in  front  and  resting 
against  the  upper  surface  of  the  index  bars  are 
attached  to  and  move  with  the  slides  of  the 
machine,  aud  the  shape  of  the  surface  on  which 
these  screws  slide  may  be  called  a  diagram  of 
the  screw's  imperfections.  In  the  drawing, 
straight  lines  are  shown,  but  practically  the 
lines  are  neither  straight  nor  regular.  The 
wooden  throat  piece  seen  below  the  points  is 
removed  when  large  pieces  are  to  be  put  in  the 
machine. 

The  machine  ia  shown  mounted  on  balance 
bars,  which  seem  superfluous  with  so  strong  a 

Fig.  L 


it  has  occurred  to  some  of  the  miners  on  Suake 
river  that  their  efficiency  might  be  increased  by 
so  corrugating  the  bottoms  of  their  sluices  that 
they  could  be  converted  into  a  series  of  quick- 
silver vats;  one  of  the  miners  having  written  to 
the  Press  inquiring  whether  this  idea  has  ever 
been  practically  carried  out,  and  if  so,  whether 
or  not  the  arrangement  is  protected  by  patent. 
To  these  inquiries  we  are  prepared  to  give  an 
affirmative  answer.  In  July,  1869,  Ezra  Cole- 
man, a  resident  of  San  Francisco,  applied  for 
and  through  the  Mining  and  Scientific  Press 
Patent  Agency  secured  letters  patent  for  an 
invention  of  this  kind.  The  bottom  of  the  Cole- 
man sluice,  made  of  sheet  copper  or  other 
metal,  is  formed  into  indentations,  circular  or 
triangular,  running  transversely  across  it 
After  the  sluice  has  been  set  at  the  proper 
angle,  these  depressions  are  filled  not  quite  full 
of  quicksilver,  thuB  forming  an  almost  continu- 
ous sheet  of  this  metal, '  over  which  the  water 
and  gravel  or  the  pulp  passes.     The   bottom  of 

Fig.  $. 


'PIN    AND    COLLAR"    AND    CORRECTIVE    GAUGE. 


frame;  nevertheless,  by  setting  up  the  screws 
beneath  the  ends  of  the  frame,  a  very  apparent 
change  in  the  readings  will  be  seen. 


Another  Smelting  Process. — A  series  of 
experiments  in  ore  smelting  has  been  in  pro- 
gress at  Sacramento  under  a  process  patented 
by  John  A.  Robertson.  The  furnace  employed 
in  making  these  tests  is  a  reverberatory,  28  feet 
in  length,  with  capacity  to  reduce  one  ton  per 
hour.  The  ore  after  roasting  is  dropped  into  a 
solution  composed  of  sulphate  of  copper,  cyan- 
ide of  potassium  and  salt,  and  an  additional  in- 
gredient, which  constitutes  the  secret  of  the 
patent,  and  which  causes  the  ore  when  removed 
from  the  solution  to  crumble  readily,  leaving 
the  sulphurets  pure.  The  ore  is  then  ground 
and  amalgamated,  run  into  a  settler  and 
washed.  The  entire  cost  of  treatment  by  this 
method  is  said  not  to  exceed  four  or  five  dol- 
lars per  ton;  the  furnace  and  other  necessary 
apparatus  costing  $1,600.  The  final  results  of 
this  series  of  experiments  will  soon  be  given  to 
the  public. 

The  steamer  Richmond  lately  landed  758 
emigrants  in  New  York, 


this  sluice  may  be,  and  for  the  sake  of  giving  it 
greater  efficiency  should  be,  coated  with  silver, 
although  this  feature  is  not  patented.  As  an 
appendage  to  this  machine  there  is  affixed 
at  the  lower  end  of  it  a  copper  plate,  silver 
coated  on  the  under  side,  for  catching  the  float 
gold.  This  plate,  which  moves  in  grooves  in 
the  sides  of  the  sluice,  is  placed  at  a  low 
angle,  and  so  nearly  closed  at  its  lower  end  that 
the  apace  between  it  and  the  bottom  of  the 
sluice  is  kept  filled  with  water,  whereby  the 
float  gold  ia  brought  in  contact  with  the  under 
side  of  the  plate  which  catches  and  holds  it. 

One  of  these  sluices  can  be  seen  in  operation 
at  Hendy's  machine  shop,  corner  of  Fremont 
and  Mission  streets,  in  this  city,  where  it  per- 
forms its  duties  with  a  commendable,  not  to  say 
astonishing,  efficiency.  It  is  being  run  on  sand 
from  Gold  Bluff  and  our  various  auriferous 
ocean  beaches;  material  from  which  it  has  been 
found  impossible  to  extract  more  tban  a  small 
proportion  of  the  gold  it  contained  by  any  work- 
ing process  yet  invented.  This  machine  it  is 
claimed  will  save  every  particle  of  precious 
metal,  even  to  the  minutest  atom  of  float  gold; 
the  latter  being  caught  by  the  inclined  plate  at 
the  lower  end  of  the  Bluice.  Even  gold  leaf 
thrown  in  above  is  here  arrested  without  having 
suffered  appreciable  loss,  and  a  more  crucial  tost 
than   this  could    hardly  be  instituted.     It   is 


claimed  that  this  is  the  only  machine  in  which 
any  special,  or  at  least  effective,  provision  has 
been  made  for  eeiziug  and  detaining  the  float 
gold;  an  end  that  is  here  compared  by  applying 
the  arresting  surface  on  the  top  of  the  water 
where  these  light  atoms  swim,  instead  of  plac- 
ing it  below  where  very  few  of  them  can  be 
reached,  as  has  heretofore  been  practiced.  This, 
though  of  secondary  importance,  is  still  a  valu- 
able feature  of  the  Coleman  invention.  At- 
tached to  this  sluice  is  a  quicksilver  box,  and  at 
its  lower  extremity  a  trough  furnished  with  a 
real  and  ao  adjustable  false  bottom,  by  the 
•shifting  of  which  latter  tiie  trough  can  be  made 
deep  or  shallow,  aa  required.  This  trough, 
which  can  be  multiplied  to  any  extent  necessary, 
is  designed  for  saving  sulphurets,  and  will 
therefore  be  used  chiefly  in  quartz  mills. 

In  operating  this  machine,  the  most  of  the 
gold  is  found  in  the  upper  two  or  three  riffles, 
so  effectually  do  the  latter  perform  their  work. 
The  water  and  gravel,  as  they  traverse  the 
sluice,  plunge  into  the  mass  of  quicksilver  rest- 
ing in  the  trausverae  depressions  along  its  bot- 
tom and  atriko  the  lower  side  of  the  riffle. 
Reacting,  they  are  forced  again  through  the 
quicksilver  and  made  to  impinge  against  the 
upper  side  of  the  riffle,  where  the  gold  that  has 
escaped  amalgamation  is  captured  and  retained, 
this  constant  agitation  of  the  quicksilver  keep- 
ing it  lively  and  in  condition  for  active  service. 

The  inventor  states  that  experience  proveB  this 
to  be  the  beat  implement  for  saving  microscopic 
gold  yet  invented,  and  in  view  of  the  large  quan- 
tities of  this  material  to  be  operated  upon,  pro- 
vided it  can  be  handled  successfully,  its  pros- 
pective importance  can  hardly  be  over-rated. 
For  washing  the  auriferous  beach  sands,  which 
have  heretofore  baffled  almost  every  endeavor 
directed  to  their  profitable  treatmeiit,  this  aluice 
appears  to  be  especially  well  adapted.  These 
saiide,  after  being  passed  through  it,  are  so  com- 
pletely divested  of  their  gold  that  scarcely  a 
trace  of  that  metal  can,  by  fire  assay,  be  de- 
tected in  the  tailings.  Should  the  machine,  on 
more  extended  trials,  show  itself  well  Buited  for 
this  field  of  operations,  it  will  afford  remunera- 
tive employment  to  thousands  of  men  and 
greatly  enlarge  the  gold  product  of  both  Cali- 
fornia and  Oregon,  tor  these  beaches  reach  far 
north  into  the  latter  State.  Recently  rich  aand 
of  thia  kind  has  been  discovered  on  the  bay 
shore  at  Santa  Cruz,  but  the  gold  is  ao  in  tin  i- 
tesimally  fine  that  only  the  smallest  wages  can 
be  made  at  washing  it.  Even  the  sand  found 
last  fall  south  of  the  "Golden  Gate"  contains  a 
fair  quantity  of  gold,  but  for  the  same  reason 
nothing  could  be  done  with  it.  Within  the 
past  few  weeks  the  discovery  of  placer  diggings 
is  announced  in  Santa  Barbara,  and  in  other 
counties  to  the  south;  but  nearly  everywhere 
the  same  trouble  presents  itself,  rendering  theBe 
finds  of  little  avail.  With  the  aid  of  the  Cole- 
man sluice  it  iB  altogether  likely  that  moderate 
and  perhaps  large  wages  could  be  earned  at 
every  one  of  these  localities,  except  that  lying 
to  the  westward  of  the  city.  Even  on  Snake 
river  the  earnings  of  the  miners  might,  through 
its  use,  be  materially  increased.  We  cannot,  in 
fact,  see  why  it  could  not  be  employed  to  ad- 
vantage in  hydraulic  and  every  other  branch  of 
placer  operations,  as  weli  also  as  for  saving  the 
fine  gold  and  the  sulphureta  in  quartz  mills. 

The  inventor  of  this  implement  is  ready  to 
treat  with  parties  desirous  of  using  it,  on  easy 
and  liberal  terms;  the  reason  that  he  haB  not 
sooner  sought  to  introduce  it  to  the  attention  of 
the  mining  public  being  that  he  was,  immedi- 
ately after  taking  out  letters  patent,  appointed 
Superintendent  of  a  mine  on  the  Comstock, 
which  position  he 'continued  to  hold  until  a 
short  time  since.  He  is  now  prepared  to  build, 
at  the  machine  Bhop  mentioned,  as  many  of 
these  sluices  as  he  may  have  orders  for,  and  to 
sell  the  right  to  its  use  to  auch  asmay  require  it. 

Quicksilver  Movements. 

The  market  for  quicksilver,  under  unabated 
production  and  continued  low  prices,  remains 
sluggish.  The  combination  long  talked  of,  and 
at  one  time  deemed  imminent,  fails  of  final  con- 
summation, leaving  to  the  mine  owner  but  a 
scanty  profit.  Heavy  shipments  of  thia  metal 
were  made  to  China  last  month,  but  whether 
to  meet  consumptive  demands  or  to  find  its  way 
back  to  this  port,  as  considerable  quantities 
have  done,  ia  not  quite  apparent,  probably  the 
latter,  as  that  market  has  never  been  without 
full  stocks.  Quicksilver  has  in  fact  been  used 
for  some  time  past  instead  of  exchange  on  that 
country.  As  a  consequence  this  metal  has  ac- 
cumulated there  to  an  extent  that  has  rendered 
its  re-shipment  to  this  market  profitable;  some 
8,000  flasks  having,  it  ia  said,  been  imported 
within  the  last  few  months  from  Hong  Kong. 
The  charges  attending  the  delivery  of  quick- 
silver in  that  port  are  less  than  one  cent  per 
pound;  for  the  round  trip  not  more  than  one 
and  three-quarters  cents  per  pound,  hardly 
greater  than  would  attend  the  carriage  of  silver 
bars  or  coin.  The  quantity  of  this  metal  shipped 
from  San  Francisco  by  sea  during  the  first  four 
months  of  the  present  year  amounts  to  18.389 
flasks,  valued  at  §561,618,  against  7,923  flasks, 
valued  at  $267,449,  during  a  like  period  last 
year.  Of  the  shipments  made  so  far  thia  year, 
13,320  tlaaks  went  to  China,  and  3,694  to  Mex- 
ico; Japan,  Peru  and  Australia  taking  from  300 
to  500  flasks  each,  and  Central  America  a  much 
less  quantity.  China  has  taken  more  than  five 
times  as  much  and  Mexico  nearly  twice  as 
much  quicksilver  thia  year  as  last,  and  there  is 
no  doubt  but'  the  consumption  in  the  latter 
country  will  increase  rapidly  in  the  future, 


306 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[May  io,  i§7§. 


TTSTTIR/^l  I ! 

IT    PAYS 

Three  to  Four  Per  Cent,  per  day 

—  TO  — 

Cover  Boilers,  Pipes  and  Drums  with 


H.W.JOHNf  RATENt 


USB 


[WJQW 


LIQUI9  PAINTS,  R69F1HS,  BOILER  GOVERIHGS, 

Steam  Packing,  Sheathlngs,  Fire  Proof  Coatings,  Cements, 

SEND  FOR  SAMPLES,  ILLUSTRATED  PAMPHLET  AND  PRICE  LIST. 

H.W.JOHNS  M'F'G  Co.,  87MAIDEN  LANE.N.Y, 

PACIFIC  COAST  BRANCH, 

FRED  M.  PJLTSICK,  Manager, 

5  First  Street,  San  Francisco. 


ESTABLISHED  1807. 

Edwin  Harrington 
&  Son, 

Manufacturers   of 

Extension  &  Gap  Lathes, 

FOOT    LATHES, 

Iron  Plaiticrs,  Boring  Mills,  Center- 
ing and  Tupping  Machines, 

UPRIGHT  DRILLS, 

With  Geared  Heads,  Automatic 
Feed,  quick  return  to  Spindles; 
Multiple  and  Lever  Drills;  Black- 
smith and  Carriage  Makers'  Drills; 
Post  Drills  to  run  by  hand  or  power. 
Radial  Drills,  Suspension  Drills 
with  geared  head.  Automatic  Feed. 

PATENT 

Screw  Puiley  Blocks 

Unrivalled  for  Durability,  Safety 
and  Power. 

N.  15th  St.  and  Pennsylvania    Av 

Philadelphia,  Pa. 


WASHING-!  WASHING! 


Prices  Reduced!  Prices  Reduced! 


La  Grande  Laundry, 

13th  Street,  Between  Folsom  and  Howard. 


PRINCIPAL  OFFICE, 

648  Market  Street,   S.  F. 

Office  open  from  7  A.  M.  to  9  P.  M,  Saturdays  to  11  P.  M. 
Washing  called  for  and  delivered  to  any  part  of  the  city 
free  of  charge. 

All  orders  receive  prompt  attention.  For  circular  and 
rice  List  apply  at  the  Office, 

648  Market  St.,  San  Francisco. 


CAUTION 

To  Hydraulic  SVIiners. 

The  public  generally  and  Hydraulic  Miners  especially 
are  hereby  notified  that  any  parties  making  or  using  the 
contrivance  known  as  the  HOSKIN  DEFLECTOR  will  be 
prosecuted  to  the  full  extent  of  the  law,  said  machine 
having  been  declared  by  the  U.  S.  Circuit  Court  an  in- 
fringement upon  my  patent,  the 

Bloomfield  Deflecting  Nozzle. 

The  public  are  also  cautioned  against  using  the  Hoskin 
Deflector  because  of  its  danger  to  life  and  limb,  this  de 
vice  having  already  occasioned  several  deaths  and  other 
erious  accidents.  The  BLOOMFIELD  DEFLECTOR  is 
entirely  safe,  its  two  and  a  half  years  use  without  acci- 
dent, as  well  as  its  construction,  proves  it  to  be  a  reliable 
contrivance. 

Any  parties  wishing  to  purchase  the  right  to  use  these 
Deflectors  can  do  so  by  applying  to  the  undersigned, 

HENRY  C.  PERKINS, 
North  Bloomfield,  Nevada  Co.,  Cil.,  Octo- 
ber 1st,  1878. 

FOR,  SALE.  —  4r-sided  6-inch  Molding  Machine. 
Jackson's  Agricultural  Machine  Works,  S.  E.  comer  6th 
and  Bluxome  Sts.,  San  Francisco. 


THE  CALIFORNIA  POWDER  WORKS. 


MANUFACTURERS  OF 


Sporting,  Cannon,  Mining,  Blasting  and 

HERCULES  POWDER 

HERCULES  POWDER  will  break  more  rock,  is  stronger,  safer  and  better  than  any  other 
Explosive  in  use,  and  is  the  only  Nitro-Glycerine  Powder  chemically  compounded  to  neutralize 
the  poisonous  fumes,  notwithstanding  bombastic  and  pretentious  claims  by  othfirs. 

It  derives  its  name  from  Hercci.es,  the  most  famous  hero  of  Greek  Mythology,  who  was  gifted  with  superhuman 

strength.     On   one  occasion  he  slew  several  giants  who  opposed  him,  and  with  one  blow  of 

his  club  broke  a  high  mountain  from  summit  to  base. 


No. 
No. 


1  (XX)  is  the  Strongest  Explosive  Known. 

2  is  superior  to  any  powder  of  that  grade. 

PATENTED  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE. 


ORDERS  RECEIVED  FOR  HERCULES  CAPS  AND  FUSE. 
JOHN  F.  LOHSE,  SECY. 

Office,    No.  230  California  Street,  -  -  San  Francisco,   Cal. 


Unisa  Lta  Foundry  d  Mechanical  Work  Simp. 

GIOYANMNI  &  CO., 

417  and  419  Mission  Street,    -   -    SAN  FRANCISCO. 


The  attention  of  our  customers  and  especially  of  thoee  Interested  in 
Water  Works,  Gas  Works  or  Mines  is  respectfully  called  to  our  very  im- 
portant improvement  in  the  construction  of  Stop  Valves  (or  ■Gates).  They 
differ  from  all  others  in  that  the  inner  faces  are  perfectly  parallel,  there- 
fore when  the  Gate  or  Valve  is  to  be  opened,  at  the  first  movement  of  the 
Bcrew  the  center  block  (see  cut)  releases  the  disks  from  their  bearings,  so 
that  they  will  move  easily  and  prevent  the  wearing  of  the  inner  faces. 

This  Gate  has  proved  very  efficient  in  Pipes  of  ah  sizes,  and  under  any 
pressure  and  from  its  double  form  and  perfect  joint  formation  is  especially 
valuable  for  use  in  large  Pipes  lor  water,  steam  and  gas,  and  from  ita 
avoidance  of  any  wedge  shape  cannot  jam  at  any  point  Ifiee  cut). 

The  CJ.  *V  B.  Valves  (or  Gatt  b)  have  no  equal  in  simplicity  of  construc- 
tion of  all  working  parts,  ease  of  access  for  repairs,  and  durability. 

We  have  recently  enlarged  and  fitted  up  our  Brass  Foundry  and  Shop 
with  all  the  latest  improved  Tools  and  Machinery,  thus  greatly  increasing 
our  facilities  for  rapidly  executing  orders  for  all  sizes  of  Stop  Valves  (or 
Gates)  from  three-inch  to  four  feet  in  diameter,  or  any  Bize,  to  order.  We 
guarantee  them  to  give  better  satisfaction,  cost  less  money,  and  last 
longer  than  any  other  Valve  in  use. 

We  are  al  io  prepared  to  execute  all  orders  in  Brass  Work  for  Breweries, 
Distilleries,  Plumbers,  Ga3  and  Mining  Apparatus,  Ship  Work,  Soda  Ap- 
paratus, Steam  FitlinyB.  Meters,  Gauges  and  Indicators.  Also  in  Machine 
Pattern  and  Model  Making,  and  Clock  Work.  Gear  cut  to  order.  Brass 
CastingB  of  all  kiwis.  We  are  confident  of  our  ability,  and  all  orders  en- 
trusted to  ub  will  be  executed  with  prouvptneaa  and  dispatch. 

GIOVANNINI  &  CO.,  417  &  419  Mission  St,  S.  F. 
Liberal  Discount  to  the  Trade.  -itSTSend  for  Circular. 


SAVE   YOUR    GOLD! 


Highly  Important  to  Miners  and  Quartz  Mill  Men! 

SILVER    PLATED    AMALGAMATING    PLATES. 

The  best  process  yet  discovered  for  saving  tine  or  float  gold.  Extensively  used  with  great 
success  in  gravel  and  placer  mining  in  various  parts  of  the  Pacific  Coast.  Over  five  hundred 
orders  have  been  filled,  and  the  demand  is  constantly  increasing.  A  large  number  of  these  Plates 
were  sent  to  Snake  River  mines,  Idaho,  last  year,  and  a  great  many  orders  are  being  filled  for 
them  this  season.  Circulars  containing  full  instructions  for  working  these  Plates  sent  with  each 
order.  Old  Mining  Plates  bought  or  taken  in  exchange  for  new  Silver  Plated  Plates,  and  full 
value  allowed.  Gold  extracted  from  old  Plates  at  a  moderate  cost  by  a  new  and  economical  pro- 
cess.    Old  Plates  (which  often  contain  a  Burplua  of  gold  above  the  cost  of  plating)  can  be  re-plated. 

With  the  most  extensive  facilities  on  the  Pacific  Coast,  orders  can  be  filled  very  promptly 
and  satisfaction  guaranteed. 

Mining  Men  and  the  public  generally  are  cautioned  against  unprincipled  and  irre- 
sponsible parties  traveling  through  the  country,  endeavoring  to  secure  orders  for  very 
inferior  qualities  of  Silver  Plated  Mining  Plates. 

SAN  FRANCISCO  GOLD,  SILVER,  NICKEL  AND  COPPER  PLATING  WORKS, 

Nos.   653  and  655  Mission  Street,   San  Francisco,   Cal. 
EDWARD    G.    DENNISTON, PROPRIETOR. 


FIAXTOSI 

LOWEST  PRICES, 

EASIEST    TERMS    OP    PAYMENT, 

MOST  RELIABLE  INSTRUMENTS.  Old  Pianos  taken  as  first 
payment  for  new.  All  Instruments  fully  warranted.  Tuning  and 
Repairing.     Pianos  at  Wholesale. 

WALTER  S.  PIERCE,  30  New  Montgomery  St.,  Palace  Hotel,  S.  F. 


MANUFACTURED  BY 

hi.  :r,o~¥":e:r,, 

Nob.  856,  857,  859  &  861  Bryant  Street,  Cor.  Park  Avenue. 
SAN    FRANCISCO. 


Engraving  done  at  this  office, 


PALACE 


T 


This  elegant  and  spa 
cious  S.  F.  Restaurant 
has  been  re-opened  with 
superior  bill  of  fare  dai- 


.lESTAUnAN  1  Reduced  Prices 


218  Sansome  St. 


ly,  and  Is  now  the  best 
and  most  popular  dinin  g 
saloon  on   this   Coast. 
[Lunch  ready  at  10  A.  M.J    Resident  business  men  and  visi- 
tors from  abroad  will  be  wise  in  giving  this  place  an  early 
sail.    Examine        of  fare  and  prices. 

HERMAN  H.  HORST,  Prop'r. 


PETERSON  &  0LSS0N, 
MODEL     MAKERS. 

INVENTORS 

Will  find  it  to  their  advantage  to  call  on  us  at  328  BUSH 
BTKEET,  bet.  Montgomery  and  Kearny  (np-staira,)  S.  F, 


tlliaipe^  bijectory. 


WM.    BARTLING.  HENRY  KIMBALL 

BARTLING    &    KIMBALL, 
BOOKBINDERS, 

Paper  Rulers  &  Blank  Book  Manufacturers. 
505  Clay  Street,  (southwest  corner  Sansome), 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 


San  Francisco  Cordage  Company. 

Established    1856. 

We  have  just  added  a  large  amount  of  new  machinery  of 
tbe  latest  and  most  improved  kind,  and  are  again  prepared 
to  fill  orders  for  Rope  of  any  special  lengths  and  sizes.  Con- 
stantly on  hand  a  large  stock  of  Manila  Rope,  all  sizes: 
Tarred  Manila  Rope;  Hay  Rope;  'Whale  Line,  etc  ,  etc. 

TUBBS    &    CO., 
611  and  613  Front  Street,  San  Francteco 


JOHN    A.    CHURCH, 
MINING    ENGINEER, 


COLUMBUS,  OHIO. 


C.    L.   GILLER, 
SEAL    ENGRAVER    AND    DIE    SINKER, 

No.'  430  MONTGOMERY  STREET,  S.  F. 

The  best  Work  done  on  the  most  reasonable  terms  on 
the  Coast. 


Sarlow  J.  Smith.  M.  D. 

Consulting    Physician, 

Professor  of  Phrenology  and 
Mental  Hygiene. 

Proprietor  of  the  Smithsonian  Medical  and  Phrenologies 
Institute.  035  California  Street,  above  Kearny. 

This  Institute,  by  combining  medical  hygiene  with  the 
various  Water  Cure  treatments  and  tbe  moat  powerful  Elec- 
trized tloraeshoe  Magnet  in  the  world,  claims  to  cure  speed- 
ily ana  permanenily  all  forms  of  acute  or  chronic  nervo- 
vital  derangements,  Brain,  Spinal  and  Heart  diseases,  St. 
Vitus  Dance,  Palsy,  Epilepsy  and  all  Rheumatic,  Liver  and 
Kidney  troubles.  Tbe  institution  has  for  tbe  past  20  years 
made  a  specialty  of  treating  all  forms  of  weaknesses  and  dis- 
eases peculiar  t*  males  and  females.  By  tbe  use  of  hygienic 
remedies  and  electro-motorpathy  tbe  worst  forms  of  Impo- 
tency  and  seminal  weakness  in  males  and  sterility  in  fe- 
males are  speedily  and  permanently  overcome.  Hygienic 
board,  with  or  without  rooms.  TennB  moderate.  Electro- 
thermal, Russo-TurkiBh  and  Medicated  Baths    given  daily. 

Mrs.  Dr.  Smith  as  Matron  has  charge  of  the  female  bath- 
ing department. 

Dr.  Smith  has  practiced  Phrenology  the  past  30  years, 
and  during  the  last  20  vears  has  been  constantly  using  the 
science  connected  with  Physiognomy,  in  examining  or  diag- 
nosing disease  in  this  city,  and  claims  to  have  made  discov- 
eries in  the  Scienoe  of  Phrenology  that  enables  him,  by  an 
examination  of  the  bead,  even  blindfolded,  to  determine  the 
disease  to  which  the  person  is  constitutionally  subject,  or 
whether  the  disease  at  tbe  time  afflicting  the  person,  is  the 
result  of  accident  or  hereditary  weakness  ;  whether  Con- 
sumptive, Dyspeptic,  Rheumatic,  Apoplectic,  Neu- 
ralgic, LEUCORRHCBAL.or  Seminal.  Especially  does  the 
form  of  the  head  indicate  the  strength  of  the  uterine,  geni- 
tal or  reproductive  system.  The  head  is  also  an  index  of  the 
natural  strength  of  the  lungs,  heart,  stomach,  liver,  kidneys, 
spleen,  back  or  vertebra,  and  it  determines  the  power  of  the 
system  in  warding  off  and  overcoming  disease  of  all  kinds. 
*  Ladies  or  gentlemen,  desirous  of  obtaining  a  thorough  and 
correct  Phrenological  examinations  with  Fowler  and  Wells' 
harts,  will  meet  with  a  respecful  reception  at  his  consulting 
rooms.  Parties  can  depend  upon  a  reliable  delineation  of 
the  character  of  their  intimate  male  or  female  friends,  by 
presenting  a  clearly  defined  photograph. 

Phrenological  or  Physiognomical  examinations  without 
charts,  §1.50  ;  with  charts,  from  §2  to  83. 

INVITATION  TO  INVALIDS 
And  all  persona  who  are  in  any  way  out  of  health,  whs  de- 
sire to  know  the  nature  and  causes  of  their  disease,  may 
avail  themselves  of  an  examination  through  phrenology  in 
regard  to  Health  free  of  charge,  between  the  hours  of  9  A.  M. 
and  8  P.  M.    SuudayB  from  9  A   M.  to  12  m. 


WANTED-$10,000. 

For  $10,000  cash  in  hand  I  will  give  a  one-half  interest 
in  the  BLUE  JAY  and  ELEPHANT  QUARTZ  mines, 
situated  in  the  French  Creek  Mining  District,  Siskiyou 
County,  Cal.  And  I  will  take  or  give  a  lease  on  Bald 
mines,  and  pay  or  receive  eight  per  cent,  on  the  amount 
invested.  For  further  particulars  apply  to  H.  C.  Cory, 
Etna  Mills,  Siskiyou  County,  California. 


ASBESTOS     WANTED, 

OF  THE  BEST  QUALITY, 

Apply  to    WILLIAM    LETTS    OLIVER, 

328  Montgomery  St.,  San  Francisco. 

Dewey  &  Co.  {*££*} Patent  Ag'ts. 


lay  io,  1879.J 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


307 


(letalllirgjf  and  (te 


Nevada    Metallurgical    Works, 

No-  23   STEVENSON  STREET, 
Near  First  and  Market  Streets. 

Ores  worked  by  any  process. 

Ores  sampled. 

ing  in  all  its  branches. 

Analysis  of  Ores,  Minerals,  Waters,  etc. 

Working  tests  made. 

Plans  furnished  for  the  most  suitable  process 
ir  working  Ores. 

Special  attention  paid  to  Examinations  of 
lines;  planB  and  reports  furnished. 

E.  HTJHN, 

C.  A.  LUCKHARDT, 
Mining  Engineers  and  Metallurgists 

JOHN  TAYLOR  &  CO., 

Importers  of  and  Dealers  in 

ASSAYERS'  MATERIALS. 

:hemical  apparatus  AND  CHEMICALS,  DRUG- 
GISTS' GLASSWARE  AND  SUNDRIES,  Etc 

612  &  518  Washington  St.,  San  Francisco 

Wo  would  call  the  special  attention  of  Assayers,  Chem- 
ita,  Mining  Companies,  Milling  Companies,  Prospectors, 
tc,  to  our  atock  of  Clay  Crucibles,  Muffles,  Dry  Cups, 
tc,  manufactured  by  the  Patent  Plumbago  Cruci- 
)le  Co.,  of  London,  England,  for  which  wo  have 
«en  made  Sole  Agents  /or  the  Pacific  Coast.  Circulars 
rith  prices  will  be  sent  upon  application. 

Alflo,  to  our  large  and  well  adapted  stock  of 

Issayers'  Materials  &  Chemical  Apparatus, 

laving  been  engaged  in  furnishing  these  euppliee  since 
he  first  discovery  of  mines  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 
JS"Our  Gold  and  Silver  Tables,  showing  the  value  per 
lUnce  Troy  at  different  degrees  of  fineness,  and  valuable 
ables  for  compulation  of  assays  in  grains  and  grammes, 
rill  bo  Bent  free  upon  application. 

JOHN    TAYLOR    &    CO. 


ELECTRIC    LIGHT. 

BRUSH     PATENT. 
The  Best,  Cheapest,  Cleanest,  and  Most  Powerful  Light  in  the  World. 

In  daily  use^at  the  Palace  Hotel  and  the  Union  Iron  Works.  S.  F. 


^achipery. 


Parties  desiring  Electric  Light  for  Halls,  Shops,  Docks,  Mills, 
Streets  and  Mines,  are  invited  to  send  us  full  particulars  regarding 
the  buildings,  rooms  or  places  to  be  lighted,  including  dimensions, 
character  of  walls  and  ceilings,  amount  of  available  power  and  its 
location,  amount  of  light  now  used,  character  of  work  being  done, 
length  of  time  light  will  be  needed  continuously,  etc. 

With  these  items  before  us,  we  will  make  a  proposition  to  furnish 
a  COMPLETE  OUTFIT  OF  ELECTRIC  LIGHT,  put  it  in  perfect 
working  order  and  guarantee  its  success  and  permanence.     Address  all  communications, 

S.  F.  TELEGRAPH  SUPPLY  CO., 

WM.    KERR,    President, 

San   Francisco,   Cal. 


LEOPOLD   KUH, 

(Formerly  of  the  U.  S.  Branch  Mint,  8.  F.) 

Assayer    and    Metallurgical    Chemist, 

No.  611  COMMERCIAL  STREET, 
(Between  Montgomery  and  Kearny,) 

Sam  Framcibco,  Cal. 

OTTOKAR  HOFMANN, 
AErALLURGIST  and  MINING  ENGINEER, 

415  Mission  St.,  bet.  First  and  Fremont  Streets, 
SAN    FRANCISCO. 
£3TEfection  of  Leaching    Works  a  Specialty. 
£5T  Leach  inar  Teats  made. 


The   Miners9    Assay   Office, 

N.   E.   Corner  of  the   Plaza, 
PRESCOTT,      -      -      -       -       ARIZONA. 

|    Assays  of  Silver,  31.S0.    Gold  and  Silver,   ?2.    Other  Ores 
'  at  corresponding  rates.     All  assays  guaranteed. 

Gold  ami  Silver  melted  into  Bars.     Working  Teats  made. 

SSTMinea  examined,  sales  negotiated,  etc. 

W.  H.   WILLISCRAFT, 

P.  0.  Bos  153.  Frescott,  Arizona. 


TKOS.  PRICE'S 

Office    and    Chemical 
Laboratory", 

624  Sacramento  St.,  S.  P. 


Ingersoll  Rock  Drills. 


In  use  in    the    largest   and  best 
Mines  of  the  Coast. 

HAS    AUTOMATIC  TEED. 

Has  less  Repairs. 

Is  Lighter  and  more  Easily  Ad- 
justed than  any  other  Drill. 
Our  DRY  AIR  COMPRESSORS  are  the  most  Economical  Compressors  in  the  Market. 

MINERS'  HORSE-POWER. 

This  Power  is  especially  adapted  to  working  mines,  hoist 
ing  coal  or  building  material,  etc.  It  will  do  the  work  of  a 
Steam  Engine  with  one-tenth  the  expense.  One  Horse  ca 
easily  hoist  over  1,000  pounds  at  a  depth  of  500  feet. 

The  Power  is  mainly  built  of  wrought  iron,  and  cannot  be 
affectci  1  by  exposure.  The  hoisting-drum  is  thrown  out  of 
gear  by  the  lever,  while  the  load  is  held  in  place  with  a  brake 
by  the  man  tending  bucket.  The  frame  of  the  Power  is 
bolted  to  bed-timbers,  thus  avoiding  all  frame  work.  When 
required  these  Powers  are  made  in  sections  for  packing. 

REYNOLDS,    RIX   &   CO.,  18  &  20   Fremont  St.,  San  Francisco. 


8.  F.  DF.STiiES.  Wm.  E.  Smith. 

PIONEER  REDUCTION  WORKS, 

Channel  Street,  off  foot  of  Fourth, San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Highest  price  paid  for  Sulphureta,  Arscniurets,  Tellurides 
and  Gold  Ores  generally. 

Careful  attention  paid  to  practical  working  tests  on  a 
large  scale  of  Gold-bearing  Quartz  and  ores  of  a  refractory 
and  sulphureted  nature. 

Will  examine,  report  on,  and  survey  mining  properties. 


METALLURGICAL    WORKS, 

STRONG    &    CO.,   10  Stevenson   Street, 

ORES  SAMPLED,  TESTED.  ASSAYED. 


GUIDO     KUSTEL, 

MINING  ENGINEER  and  METALLURGIST. 

P.    O     Address:    AT.  A  MED  A.     CAL. 

PACIFIC    POWER    CO. 

Room  with  steam  power  to  let  in  the 
Pacific  Power  Co.'s  new  brick  building, 
■Stevenson  street,  near  Market.  Eleva- 
tor in  building.  Apply  at  the  Com- 
pany's office,  202  Sansome  St.,  room  7. 


Address,  XVRASSiXt.  CJOAJLiMERS  «fc  CO..  Chlcaeo,  111. 


D.  F.  HUTOHINGS. 


PHC 


OIL    and 

Manufacturers 


D.  M.  DUNNE.  J.  SANDERSON 

EITIX    OIL    WOBKS, 

HUTGHINGS    <fc    CO., 

COMMISSION    MERCHANTS, 

and  Dealers  in  Sperm,  Whale,  Lard,  Machinery  and  Illuminating  Oils. 
517    FRONT   STREET     SAN    FRANCISCO. 


J.   Tuouww.  a    II.  Ev.lXS 

THOMSON   &   EVANS, 

(Successors  to  Tiiomsox  &  Pabkkr.) 


Engineers  and  Machinists. 


O  N 

7J  09 

z  a 

a  8 


Steam  Pumps,  Steam  Engines,  Hoisting, 

Pumping,  Quartz  Mill,  Mining,  Saw 

Mill   Machinery.   Specialties. 

Plan,  and  Specifications  for  Machinery  furnished.     Re- 
pairing promptly  attended  to. 

110  &  112  Beale  St.,  San  Francisco. 


;p"oH^ORKINETOo~ 

■■-*"    r  STEAM  ENCINES,  ?"*- 

BERRY  &  :PJLACK, 

— r»  SAN-FRAtr4'WS.C.O;C6L.-— - 

-  CIRCULARS  SENT  FREE  TO  ALI .'. 


RARE    CHANCE. 

,    For  sale  or  to  lease,  a  two-thirds  Interest  in  a  ffood  pay 
'ing  country  newspaper.    Address  "Liberal,"  'thtt  office 


Mining    Books. 

Orders   (or   Mining   and  (Scientific  Books  in   general 
will  be  supplied  through  this  office  at  published  rates. 


igga       DR.    LIBBEY, 

"53m?  DENTIST, 

N.   W.   Corner  Kearny  and  Geary  Streets, 
Entrance  on  Geary  Streeat,         SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL 


THE  IMPROVED  O'HARRA 
OHLORIDIZING  FURNACE. 

Patented  Sept.  10th,  1878. 

Now  in  Operation  at  the  Extra  Mining  Co. 'a 
Works,  Copper  City,  Shasta  Co.,  Cal. 

Two  men  and  two  cords  of  wood  roast 

Forty  Tons  of  Ore  in  Twenty-four  Hours, 

Giving  a  full  chlorination  (100%)  at  a  cost  of  30  cents  per 
on.    Address, 

O'HAREA    &    FERGUSON, 
Fumacevillc,  Shasta  Co.,  Cal 
Or  CHAS.  W.  CRANE,  Agent, 

Room  10,  Safe  Deposit  Building,  San  FranciBCO. 

J.  S.  PHILLIPS,  m.  e., 

Consulting  Engineer  I  Metallurgist, 
Examiner  of  Mines  and  Assayer, 

702    CALIFORNIA     STREET, 
Author  of—  -  «  *  «  -  Sam  FRANCISCO. 

The  Explorers',  Miners'  and  Metallurgists'  Companion, 

672  pages,  S3  Illustrations,  (2d  Edition.)    Price §  10  50 

The  Prospector's  "  Wee  Pet  "  Assayer,  (Patented) 100  00 

The  Testing  Machine  for  Gold,  Silver,  Lead,  etc 40  00 

The  "Little  "Wonder"  Self -calculating  Sample  and 

Button  Weigher,  (Patented) 25  00 

Blow-pipists'  Pocket  Laboratory  of  Tools,  Fluxes,  etc.    50  00 

Vest  Pocket  Blowpipe 3  00 

CHARGES.— Assaying,  §3;  Testing,  S3  per  metal. 

Assaying  and  Testing  Taught. 

PRINTER'S   PROOF  PRESS, 

COMPLETE    AND    IN    GOOD.    WORKING    ORDER, 

For  Sale  at  this  office, 
AT   THE    LOW    PRICE    OF    $30-00. 

iJSTCall  and  see  it.TS& 

FOR    SALE. 
Reduction     Works, 

—  at  — 

Melrose  Station,  Alameda  County, 

—  WITH   AS  — 

EXCELLENT  ARTESIAN   WELL. 

Apply  to    UNGBR  &  MENDHBIM, 

208  Montgomery  St. ,  San  Francisco. 

F.  MOORECROFT, 

Stone  Seal  Engraver., 

THURLOW    BLOCK, 

Room  38,  126  Kearny  St.,  Cor.  Sutter,  San  Francisco. 

Coats  of  Arms,  Crests,  Monograms  and  Ma- 
sonic Inscriptions  Carefully  Engraved. 

How  to  Stop  Tins  Paper. — It  is  not  a  herculean  task  to 
stop  this  paper.  Notify  the  publishers  by  letter.  If  it 
comes  beyond  the  time  desired  you  can  depend  upon  it  we 
do  not  know  that  the  subscriber  wants  it  stopped.  So 
be  sure  and  send  us  notice  by  letter. 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[May  10,  1879. 


Notions  about  California. 

It  is  passing  strange  what  notions  about  Cal- 
ifornia are  promulgated  by  those  who  ought  to 
know  better.  Persons  who  pass  a  brief  sojourn 
here,  during  which  they  have  perhaps  been 
wholly  engaged  in  some  special  line  of  thought 
and  work,  go  away  from  us  and  are  impelled  to 
betake  to  themselves  wide  experience  and  gen- 
eral views  concerning  California  conditions,  to 
which  perhaps  they  scarcely  gave  a  moment's 
thought  while  they  were  yet  with  us.  This  is 
the  most  charitable  view  to  take  of  the  state- 
ments of  these  people,  and  charity  is  a  good 
thing  to  cherish  even  toward  the  most  mistaken 
of  the  human  kind.  The  New  York  Tribune  has 
found  one  of  these  philosophical  critics  in  the 
person  of  "an  Eastern  journalist  who  has  re- 
turned from  California  after  three  years'  expe- 
rience of  newspaper  work  in  San  Francisco." 
We  are  sorry  this  person  did  not  cling  to  obser- 
vations concerning  hia  individual  life  here,  be- 
cause he  fails  utterly  when  he  undertakes  gen- 
eralizations. For  example,  what  Btupid  non- 
sense this  is,  as  applied  to  the  people  of  Cali- 
fornia generally:  "The  people  care  very  little 
about  what  goes  on  in  the  East.  Their  attach- 
ment to  the  Union  is  not  strong.  If  there 
should  ever  arise  a  second  secession  movement 
it  will  not  be  in  the  South,  but  in  California. 
One  often  hears  talk  of  a  Pacific  Coast  republic. " 
This  is  simply  a  base  slander  upon  the  people 
of  California. 

Upon  the  subject  of  lands  and  agriculture  in 
this  State  this  person's  views  are  a  most  curious 
medley  of  truth  aud  nonsense.  They  are  de- 
scribed as  follows: 

There  is  much  complaint  of  the  ignorance  and  careless- 
ness of  Congress  witu  resrard  to  the  interests  of  the  coast. 
The  land  legislation,  for  example,  is  all  adapted  to  a  re- 
gion of  verdure,  and  is  consequently  not  at  all  adapted 
to  an  arid,  sage-brush  region  where  agriculture  depends 
on  iirigation.  There  is  not  much  inducement  for  emi- 
gration to  California,  and  none  at  all  for  men  to  go  with- 
out capital.  The  policy  of  the  great  landowners  is  to  dis- 
courage immigration.  Their  plan  has  been  to  divide 
society  into  two  clasaes,  wealthy  proprietors  and  a  prole- 
tariat. I  am  glad  to  see  that  a  few  landowners  are  tak- 
ing a  new  course  and  dividing  their  immense  estates  into 
Hmall  tracts.  California  would  support  double  or  treble 
her  present  rural  population,  but  the  land  system  must 
be  radically  changed  and  the  facilities  for  irrigation  de- 
veloped and  utilized.  Pretty  much  all  the  laud  that  can 
be  profitably  cultivated  without  irrigation  is  already 
occupied. 

This  is  a  fine  example  of  generalizing  from 
half-truths.  It  is  true  that  the  land  legislation 
does  not  wholly  apply  to  a  State  which  presents 
Buch  wide  extremes  in  natural  conditions  as  pre- 
vail in  this  State,  but  the  area  to  which  it  is 
inapplicable  is  small  compared  with  that  which 
it  suits  very  well.  But  the  conclusion  which 
this  authority  reaches  is  not  strange  when  it  is 
seen  that  he  looks  upon  California  as  "an  arid, 
sage-brush  region,  where  agriculture  depends 
upon  irrigation."  Those  great  districts  of  our 
State  where  the  rainfall  is  apt  to  be  excessive 
and  crops  often  suffer  thereby,  will  have  their 
own  opinion  of  a  critic  who  classes  them  "arid" 
and  a  "sage-brush  region,"  and  prescribes  irri- 
gation for  their  drenched  fields.  There  is,  it  is 
true,  need  of  some  system  which  will  bring  irri- 
gation to  the  parts  which  need  it,  and  some 
modifications,  as  for  example  in  the  timber- 
culture  act  in  the  dry  valleys,  might  be  made 
to  the  advantage  of  settlers,  but  these,  though 
important,  are  not  sweeping  in  their  character. 

The  statement  that  "large  landholders  dis- 
courage immigration"  is  a  queer  commentary  on 
the  tirelesB  efforts  which  have  been  made  by 
these  large  landowners,  to  fill  the  world  with 
reports  of  the  possibilities  of  their  lands — ef- 
forts which  have  at  times  been  over-zealous  and 
have  suppressed  the  conditions  requisite  to 
success.  That  these  men  as  a  rule  are  anxious 
to  populate  their  lands  is  seen  in  the  many  col- 
ony enterprises  which  they  have  promoted  and 
which  are  now  projected  in  large  numbers. 
This  writer  puts  his  limitation  in  the  wrong 
place.  It  is  the  many  not  the  few  who  are 
dividing  their  estates  and,  with  occasional  ex- 
ceptions, the  few  would  be  glad  to  divide  if  the 
demand  warranted  the  division.  It  is  true 
that  there  is  little  inducement  to  come  here  to 
those  who  have  no  money  to  start  with,  but  it 
is  not  because  there  is  not  land  enough  to  buy, 
but  because  they  could  not  buy  an  acre  if  the 
world  were  at  auction.  It  is  true  that  irriga- 
tion would  open  many  areas  for  settlement  in 
small  tracts,  but  it  is  not  true  that  there  is 
lack  of  land  on  this  account.  It  is  true  that 
there  is  room  in  California  for  double  or  treble 
her  present  rural  population,  and  it  is  also  true 
that  the  disposition  to  change  the  "land  system" 
is  progressing  more  rapidly  than  the  chance  to 
make  the  change  is  developing.  There  are 
other  statements  in  the  quotations  which  we 
make  above  which  are  not  true  in  the  sense 
they  are  presented,  but  we  have  said  enough  to 
put  our  Eastern  readers  on  their  guard  against 
all  such  generalizations,  and  that  is  all  we  have 
space  to  do  at  this  time. 


The  famous  run  between  Chicago  and  Council 
Blufls  of  Jarrett  and  Palmer  in  1876  was  beaten 
on  the  2d,  by  seven  minutes. 


Two  horse  thieves  were  pursued  from  Eureka, 
Nev.,  by  sheriff  and  posse,  aud  one  robber  was 
killed  and  the  other  captured. 

The  situation  at  St.  Petersburg  still  continues 
alarming  and  the  rigorous  police  regulations  are 
to  be  made  still  more  stringent. 


Important  Mining  Decision. 

The  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States  has 
just  made  a  decision  that  should  cause  prospec- 
tors to  see  to  it  in  locating  claims,  that  they 
run  with  the  lode  taken  up  and  not  diagonally 
or  at  right  angles  across  it.  The  case  passed 
on  was  that  of  the  Flagstaff  Silver  Mining  Co., 
of  Utah,  plaintiff,  in  error,  vs.  Helen  Tarbet,  in 
error  to  the  Supreme  Court  of  Utah.  The  con- 
troversy in  this  ease,  remarked  Justice  Bradley, 
in  delivering  the  opinion  of  the  court,  relates  to 
respective  rights  of  two  mining  companies  in 
the  Little  Cottonwood  district,  Utah,  who  are 
working  subterraneously  upon  the  same  lode  or 
vein  of  ore.  The  principal  question  involved  is 
whether  the  Flagstaff  company  has  a  right  to 
carry  its  excavations  underground  outside- the 
perpendicularly  drawn  side  lines  of  its  surface 
location,  when  by  so  doing  it  infringes  upon  the 
rights  of  the  adjoining  claimant.  With  regard 
to  the  important  questions  of  following  lodes  or 
veins  of  ore  below  the  surface,  and  the  respec- 
tive rights  of  contending  parties  in  such  cases, 
this  court  holds  as  follows  :  First — Location 
of  a  mining  claim  upon  a  lode  or  vein  of  ore 
should  be  laid  along  the  same  lengthwise  of  its 
course,  at  or  near  the  surface  under  mining  act 
of  1866  and  that  of  1872.  Second— Each  locator 
is  entitled  to  follow  the  dip  of  the  lode  or  vein 
to  an  indefinite  depth,  even  though  it  carries 
him  outside  of  sides  lines  of  location,  but  this 
right  is  based  on  the  hypothesis  that  the  side 
lines  substantially  correspond  with  the  course 
of  the  lode  or  vein  at  the  surface,  and  that  it  is 
bouaded  at  each  end  by  the  end  lineB  of  the 
location  crossing  the  lode  or  veio,  and  extended 
perpendicularly  downwards  and  indefinitely  in 
their  own  direction.  Third — If  the  location  be 
laid  crosswise  of  the  lode  or  vein,  so  that  its 
greatest  length  crosses  the  same,  instead  of  fol- 
lowing the  course  thereof,  it  will  secure  only  so 
much  of  the  vein  as  it  actually  crosses  at  the 
surface,  and  the  side  lines  of  the  location  will 
become  end  lines  thereof  for  the  purpose  of 
defining  the  rights  of  owners.  Fourth — A  loca- 
tor working  subterraneously  into  the  dip  of  a 
vein  belonging  to  another  locator  who  is  in  pos- 
session of  his  location,  is  a  trespasser,  and  liable 
to  action  for  taking  ore  therefrom.  In  accord- 
ance with  these  principles,  this  court  holds  that 
the  Flagstaff  company  is  outside  its  rightful 
boundaries,  and  it  therefore  affirms  the  judg- 
ment of  the  lower  court  in  favor  of  Helen 
Tarbet. 

Anderson. 

This  town,  centrally  located  on  the  Reading 
grant,  is  about  one  and  a  half  miles  west  of  the 
Sacramento  river,  on  the  northern  branch  of 
the  C.  P.  It.  E.,  11  miles  south  of  its  present 
terminus  at  Reading.  On  the  east  side  several 
important  tributaries  enter  the  Sacramento 
from  courses  which  make  Anderson  the  natural 
freight  and  passenger  distributing  point  for  a 
large  extent  of  country  which  is  now  settling 
up  and  increasing  in  importance — including  the 
Pitt  river,  Fall  river  and  Modoc  country. 
Many  miles  of  naturally  good  roads  thus  lead 
off  in  different  directions  from  Anderson.  A 
large  body  of  fine  bottom  land  lies  adjacent. 

During  the  last  year  the  general  business  of 
this  village  has  largely  extended.  Its  hotel, 
livery  and  postofB.ce  business  has  more  than 
doubled.  Mr.  Elias  Anderson,  the  veritable 
godfather  of  the  town,  is  postmaster  and  a 
highly  respected  citizen.  He  established  the 
American  Ranch  hotel  on  the  Oregon  wagon 
road  near  the  present  town  site  some  20  years 
ago.  Last  summer  he  moved  a  large  and  sub- 
stantial building  into  the  center  of  town, 
which,  with  additions  then  made,  render  the 
A.  R.  H.  a  good  traveler's  home,  especially 
under  the  careful  attention  of  himself  and 
family.  Mr.  Anderson  keeps  no  bar.  The 
"Anderson  hotel"  (formerly  Snow's)  has  been 
doubled  in  size  and  a  saloou  added. 

Mr.  Edward  Frisbie,  proprietor  of  the  grant, 
with  a  large  and  nobly  grown  up  family,  re- 
sides near  this  town. 

Wright  &  Bedford  transact  a  large  hardware 
and  general  merchandise  business.  Lovell's 
livery  stable,  Bell's  saloon.  Dr.  Anderson's,  D. 
P.  Quinn's,  P.  Phifer's  and  several  other  resi- 
dences have  been  built  during  the  past  12 
months.  The  American  Ranch  hotel  is  being 
again  enlarged.  Other  buildiDgs  are  in  con- 
templation. E.  F.  Anderson,  Wells-Fargo  and 
Railroad  Station  agent,  inform  us  that  the 
freighting  business  increased  about  double  last 
season.  Also,  that  the  establishment  of  a 
wool,  hide,  fur  and  produce  purchasing  and  sale 
agency,  with  ample  means,  would  greatly  pro- 
mote business  and  favor  the  convenience  of 
merchants  and  shippers   further  in  the  interior. 

The  increased  cultivation  of  the  Reading 
grant  by  subdivision  sales  and  renting,  with 
other  advantages,  insures  Anderson  a  steady  if 
not  a  remarkably  rapid  growth. 

Arrangements  are  being  made  to  ship  China- 
men from  here  to  the  South  to  fill  the  vacancy 
left  by  the  negro  exodus. 

Oregon  parties  are  going  from  Umpqua  Ferry 
with  mining  outfits  to  placer  diggings  at  Olalla 
that  yield  §2  to  $5  a  day. 

Grant  has  arrived  at  Hong  Kong. 


List  of  U.  S.  Patents  Issued  to  Pacific 
Coast  Inventors. 

[Feom  Official  Reports  to  DEWEY  &  CO.  'S  Mining  and 
Scientific  Prkss  Patbnt  Agency.  ] 

By  Special  Dispatch  trom  Washingrton.  D.  C. 

For  the  Wkek  Ending  April  29th,  1879. 

214,000  —  Pillow-sham  Frame,  Etc.— John  R.  Adams, 
Oakland,  Cal. 

214,807.— Fruit  Drier— R.  B.  Blowers,  Woodland,  Cal. 

8,691.— Spoke-Trnomng  Machine— R.  W.  Eaton,  Wat- 
sonville,  Cal.  (reissue). 

214,819.— Tin  Pail— Etienne  Guittard,  S.  F. 

214  835.— System  of  Lighting— E.  J.  Molera  and  J.  C. 
Cebrian,  8.  F. 

214,975.— Animal  Trap— Geo.  W.  Williams,  San  Diego. 

214,862.— Piston  Packing— Samuel  A.  Touse,  Sutter 
Creek,  Cal. 

Note.— Copies  of  U.  S.  and  Foreign  Patents  furnished 
by  Dewey  &  Co.,  in  the  shortest  time  possible  (by  tel- 
graph  or  otherwise)  at  the  lowest  rates.  All  patent  busi- 
ness for  Pacific  coast  inventors  transacted  with  perfect 
security  and  in  the  shortest  possible  time. 


Notices  of  Recent  Patents. 

Among  the  patents  recently  obtained  through 
Dewey  &  Co.'s  Scientific  Press  American  and 
Foreign  Patent  Agency,  the  following  are  worthy 
of  special  mention: 

Cut-off  Attachment  for  Direct-Acting 
Engines. — A.  H.  Mathesins,  S.  F.  Dated  May 
6th.  This  invention  relates  to  certain  improve- 
ments in  direct-acting  engines,  such  as  are  prin- 
cipally intended  to  drive  steam  pumps,  ham- 
mers, rock  drills  and  similar  machines,  and  it 
consists  in  the  employment  of  a  cut-off  attach- 
ment to  the  steam  cylinder,  by  the  use  of  which 
the  actiou  ia  rendered  much  smoother,  and  in 
certain  details  of  construction,  which  would  be 
difficult  to  describe  clearly  without  the  aid  of 
engravings.  The  steam  may  be  cut  off  at  any 
point,  lu  order  to  prevent  the  pressure  of 
steam  within  the  cylinder  from  being  reduced 
too  much  below  that  of  the  steam  chest,  which 
might  sometimes  happen  from  too  great  expan- 
sion, small  tension  valves  are  employed  which 
are  secured  to  the  maiu  valve  opening  into  the 
ports,  provided  with  springs,  so  that  when  the 
difference  in  pressure  exceeds  a  certain  amount, 
the  springs  will  yield  and  allow  steam  from  the 
chest  to  yield  and  enter  the  cylinder.  By  the 
construction  of  this  cut  off  a  softness  is  given  to 
the  stroke,  making  it  without  noise  or  jerk, 
and  with  a  considerable  economy  of  steam. 

King  Bolt  for  Trucks. — Chas.  Oester,  S. 
F.  Dated  April  22d.  This  improvement  is 
intended  to  be  applied  to  trucks  for  carrying 
heavy  weights,  and  refers  more  particularly  to 
the  construction  and  operation  of  the  kingbolt, 
or  that  portion  joining  the  body  of  the  truck  to 
the  front  axle,  about  which  the  front  wheels 
move  in  the  arc  of  a  circle.  The  improvements 
consist  in  the  application  of  a  coiled  spring 
around  the  king  bolt,  above  the  axle,  in  such  a 
manner  as  to  lessen  the  jar  incident  to  this 
part  of  the  vehicle  and  insure  a  more  perfect 
action  of  the  forward  axle  and  wheels.  It  also 
consists  in  a  method  of  enclosing  the  spring  out 
of  the  way  of  the  dust;  in  a  means  of  oiling  the 
bearing;  and  in  certain  details  of  construction, 
by  which  the  improvement  is  rendered  efficient 
for  the  purpose  for  which  it  is  intended. 

Fire  Extinguisher. — Wm.  R.  Ferguson, 
Dixon,  Solano  Co.,  Cal.  Dated  April  22d. 
This  invention  relates  to  improvements  in  that 
class  of  fire  extinguishers  in  which  a  chamber  is 
used  for  storing  an  alkali,  and  inside  of  the 
chamber  is  a  fragile  vessel  containing  the  acid, 
means  being  provided  for  breaking  the  vessel 
containing  the  acid  and  throwing  its  contents 
into  the  alkaline  substance,  so  as  to  gain  a  pres- 
sure from  the  resultant  gas.  Mr.  Ferguson's 
improvements  consist  in  a  method  of  forming 
a  cover  for  the  main  chamber  in  which  the 
ingredients  .are  placed,  so  as  to  make  said  cover 
self-sealing  and  prevent  any  escape  of  gas;  and 
also  in  a  means  of  treating  the  acid-containing 
vessel  or  otherwise  discharging  its  contents. 

Spoke-Tenon  Auger.  —  Kobt.  W.  Eaton, 
Watsonville,  Santa  Cruz  Co.,  Cal.  Dated  April 
29th.  This  invention  relates  to  certain  im- 
provements in  that  class  of  spoke-tenoning 
machines,  which  are  intended  to  be  clamped  to 
the  spoke  while  the  tenon  is  being  made,  and  it 
consists  iu  a  novel  construction  of  the  cutter 
head  and  in  a  means  for  adjusting  and  centering 
it  upon  the  spoke.  It  also  consists  in  a  novel 
means  of  adjusting  the  mandrel  of  the  tenon 
auger  by  means  of  swivel  supporting  rings  and 
operating  screws,  by  which  either  end  may  be 
adjusted  independent  of  the  other  and  any  de- 
sired angle  obtained. 

Manufacture  of  Boots  and  Shoes. — Joseph 
Hobart,  Nordhoff,  Ventura  Co.,  assignor  to 
Hobart,  Wood  &  Co.,  of  San  Francisco.  Dated 
May  6th.  The  improvements  consist  in  secur- 
ing the  counter  of  the  boot  or  shoe  by  means  of 
rivets  along  its  edges  so  as  to  prevent  it  break- 
ing down  and  losing  its  shape;  and  also  in  con- 
tinuing the  counter  past  the  vertical  leg  seam 
so  as  to  prevent  ripping  of  the  leg  seam  at  the 
point  where  it  most  frequently  occurs,  and  pre- 
venting also  any  leakage  at  that  point. 


News  in  Brief 

Indian  outrages  are  worrying  Texas. 

The  late  shower  reached  Shasta  county. 

During  April  the  public  debt  increased  $19,. 
952. 

Another  stage  robbery  is  reported  from 
Arizona, 

Hay  making  has  begun  in  the  vicinity  of 
Oakland. 

The  bathing  season  has  been  opened  at 
Alameda. 

High  water  is  causing  trouble  in  New 
England.     - 

Germany  is  still  wrestling  with  the  tariff 
question. 

The  difficulty  between  China  and  KusBia  lias 
been  settled. 

There  is  a  riot  in  Cork,  many  persons  have 
been  injured. 

Fine  salmon  are  caught  in  the  locks  at  Oregon 
City,  Oregon. 

Summer- fallowing  is  occupying  farmers  in 
ceutral  Solano. 

The  Peruvian  government  has  called  the 
natiou  to  arms. 

The  hay  crop  is  being  gathered  in  Log 
Angeles  county. 

There  is  a  strike  and  riot  on  the  Pacific  rail- 
road  iu  Canada. 

Railway  freights  are  less  active  than  for 
several  weeks  past. 

The  spring  wool  clip  near  Woodland  falls 
short  of  the  average. 

Szegedin  has  been  again  desolated  by  a 
violent  hurricane. 

Troops  are  to  be  used  to  keep  trespassers  out 
of  Indian  Territory. 

Advices  from  South  Africa  indicate  that  an 
early  peace  is  probable. 

New  railroad  enterprises  are  about  to  be 
inaugurated  in  Oregon. 

One  of  the  Manhattan  Bank  robbers  has  been 
arrested  in  Philadelphia. 

The  military  chest  captured  at  Isandula  con- 
tained §100,000  in  gold. 

The  Industrial  exhibition  at  Berlin  was 
formally  opened  on  the  2d. 

The  City  of  Pekin  carried  away  two  leprous 
Chinamen  on  her  last  trip. 

Crops  are  excellent  along  the  Merced  and  on 
the  sand  plains  of  that  county. 

Eastern  papers  are  wet-blanketing  the  "Con- 
tinental picnic    to  meet  Grant. 

Prince  Alexander  of  Battenburg  has  been 
elected  to  the  throne  of  Bavaria. 

A  recent  cave  killed  34  persons  and  demol- 
ished five  houses  at  Veas,  Spain. 

Katkooat,  the  Sitka,  Indian  murderer  has 
been  hanged  at  Portland,  Oregon. 

A  Chinaman  has  opened  an  English  school 
for  his  countrymen  at  New  York. 

Upward  of  5,000  flasks  of  quicksilver  were 
produced  in  California  last  month. 

In  the  Miles  polygamy  case  on  trial  at  Salt 
Lake  the  defendant  was  found  guilty. 

Rich  silver  miues  have  been  discovered  in 
Indian  Territory  near  the  Kansas  line. 

The  great  earthquake  in  Prussia,  March  22d, 
killed  922  persons  aud  destroyed  21  villages. 

The  Humboldt  basin,  from  Tule  to  Battle 
Mountain,  is  alive  with  young  grasshoppers. 

Sierra  Valley  rejoices  in  the  appearance 
there  of  crickets,  as  an  antidote  for  grass-hop- 
pers. 

The  Mexican  government  will  appropriate 
$500,000  toward  the  expenses  of  the  exposi- 
tion. 

The  London  and  Westminister  bank  has' 
recently  invested  $35,000,000  in  U.  S.  securi- 
ties. 

A  father  murdered  his  little  daughter 
through  religious  fanaticism  recently  at  Pocasset, 
Mass. 

No  more  whisky  will  be  sold  from  bars  upon 
the  Oregon  Steamship  Navigation  Company's 
boats. 

One  hundred  and  forty  of  the  Southern 
negro  refugees,  have  returned  from  Kansas  to 
the  South.      __^ 

Quicksilver  Mining  Publication. 

Memoir  on  the  Mines  and  Works  of  Alnmden,  by  M.  H. 
Kuss.  M.E.  Translated  from  the  "Annaljs  deB  Mines"  for 
the  Mining  and  Scie  .tific  Press,  by  S.  B.  Christy. 

CONTENTS.  —  Pac.t  L  Geological  Description  of  the 
Deposits  at  Almaden:  1.  Introduction;  2.  Geological  Situa- 
tion and  Constitution;  Silurian  SyBtem;  Devonian  System; 
Eruptive  Rocks;  3.  Deposits  of  Mercury;  Description  of  the 
Miue;  Mineralogical  Constitution  of  the  Vein  Matter;  Age 
of  the  Veins;  Abandoned  Miues  Part  II.— Exploitation  of 
the  Mines  of  Almadtn:  1.  Method  of  Exploitation;  2.  Organ- 
ization of  Labor:  3.  Mechanical  Preparation.  Part  Ill- 
Metallurgy  of  Mercury  at  Almaden:  1.  Description  of  the 
Works;  2.  Treatment  of  the  Ore;  3.  Losses  of  Treatment. 
PART  IV.  -Administration  and  History;  2.  History;  48 large 
pamphlet  pa^cs,  post-paid,  50  cents.  DEWEY  &  CO.,  Pub- 
lishers, S.  F.,  1879. 

Fresh  attractions  are  constantly  added  to  Wood- 
ward's Gardens,  anioner  which  is  Prof.  Gruber's  great 
educator,  the  Zoographicon.  Each  department  increases 
daily,  and  the  Pavilion  performances  are  more  popular 
than  ever.  All  new  novelties  find  a  place  at  this  wonder- 
ful resort.     PriceB  remain  as  usual. 


Examine  the  accelerative  endowment  plan,  as  originated 
by  the  Mutual  Benefit  Life  Insurance  Co.,  of  Newark, 
New  Jersey.  Assets,  §30,633,429.94.  Lewis  C.  Grover, 
President;  L.  Spencer  Coble,  Vice- President;  Benjamin  C. 
Miller,  Treasurer;  Edward  A.  Strong,  Secretary;  Bloom- 
field  J.  Miller,  Actuary.  Send  for  circulars  to  James 
Munsell,  Jr.,  agent  of  insured,  224  SanBome  St.,  San 
Francisco.  

A  Clkrk  who  has  had  good  experience  in  the  dry  good 
and  grocery  business,  wishes  a  situation.  Will  give  sub* 
stantial  and  satisfactory  reference  and  accept  a  moderate 
salaryand  "work  up."    Address  "Clerk,"  at  this  effice. 

Experimental  Machinery,  drawings,  patterns,  models, 
all  kinds  of  electrical  and  telegraphic  apparatus  to  order. 
See  ad.    F.  W.  Fuller.  415  Markot  St.,  second  floor,  8.  F. 

Ohew  Jaceson's  Bkbt  Sweet  Navy  Tobacco 


day  10,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


309 


«0»  - 


METALS. 

[WHOUUXJL 

WKDNMWr  M..  May  7.  1873. 

American  PI*  »ntt>  ton 33  00  (r*3S  00 

Sootch  I'lB.  Ion 25  50  &S$  50 

Amjrican  WlUte  PUt.  ton 23  00    " 

Onwon  Pic-  Mo J6  50 

Refined   Bar 2|, 

Hone  Shoe*,  kef 5  00 

Kail  Rod -&        7 

Vorvay.  aocurJiuc  to  thJcknow <u<a       7 

»rruk- 

I  Sheathing.  tt> 

1  Sheathing.  Vell'W 

Bht*thing,  UM  Yellow 

Jtml— 

EnclUli  Cant,  lb 

Black  DUmoud.  ordinary  eizt-e 

Drill 

Flat  B*r 

Plow  Steel 

PlK  PtATRH  — 

10iH  I  O  Charooal 

llliUICCoko 7  „ 

Banca  Tin 18  (ff  —  20 

Australian j-.i  £       11 

irac.- 

By  th»  Cask 9  /»_ 

Zinc.  »r     ■ 
iaiw  — 


Shoet  7x3  ft.  7  to  10,  lb.  loaa  than  cwk . .        9ii&—  10 
Atworted  slzee 2  9033  00 

Sold,    Legal    Tenders,    Exchange,    Etc. 

[Corrected  Weekly  by  Sutko  &  <*n.i 

Saj*  Prancwoo.  May  7,  3  p.  m 

Silver  75-360 

Gold  Baks,  rtW^lO.  Silvbb  Bakh,  8@iy  «  cent.  dfc- 
mint. 

EicnxvoioD  New  York,  20.  on  London  bankers  *IU@ 
M.  Commercial.  60;  Paria.  dto  franca  V  dollar:  Mexico! 
loHara.  So  •?  i  « 

LokdoM  UiaaoK  98  9-16.  Bond*,  104J 

QaioKiiLt- «h  la  •*    ».,  *v  *h#  iImV        ih.  40@41a 


Signal  Service  Meteorological  Report. 

San  Francisco.— Week  ending  May  7, 1379. 


HIlillKMT   A.ND   LuWMT   HARi  .MRTKR. 

kpr  30 

H.J  1 

May  2  1  May  3  1  May  4 

Miy  5 

30.083 
30.020 

May  6 

SO. 108 

so.oia 

30.113 
30.075 

30.0951    30.125J    29  WW 
30.177|   29.9031  29.903 

30.222 
29.995 

02.5  I 

<e.s| 

HUD 

62 
63.8 

VM   AND  MINIMUM  rHRHMOMKTSR. 

59      1      61.7  |      59       1      68.8 
52.5  |      48.5  |      49.5  |      49 

1      62 
50 

81.6| 

86 

MRAN    DAILY    UCMIOITT. 

65     |     62      |     74.3 

73.3 

|      61.3 

w    1 

W 

PRKVA1LIKO   WIND. 

W     |     W     |     w 

w 

1      W 

835 

250 

WTND — HILB8  TRAVTLRD. 
303        |       248       |       101 

488 

I    237 

Fair. 

Fair. 

STATU   r>y  WSATIIKR. 

Clear  1  Clear.    I  Clear. 

Fair. 

Fair. 

total  ra 

an 

n  durin 

•iYALL  IN  TWKNTY-FOUR   Hul  KH. 

II                    1                   1 

B  the  Beaflnn.  frnm  Jvlv  1.  1878,  i 

1    .05 
2.09  in. 

Order  Lapham's  Seamless  Cheese  Cloth.  Less  ex- 
»npe,  no  waste— savoa  troub  eand  time  of  making  up  the 
•adage.     Seven  sizes,  for  13-inch  to  Id-inch  Cheese. 

Samples  bv  mall.     Order  at  onre. 

WHITMAN  &  BURKELL.  Little  Falls,  N.  Y. 


0m  and  Other  Copipapies. 


Persons  Interested  In  Incorporated  shares 
will  do  well  to  recommend  the  publication 
of  the  official  notices  of  their  companies 
In  this  paper,  as  the  cheapest  appropriate 
medium  for  the  same. 

Cherokee  Flat  Blue  Gravel  Company.— 

Location  of  principal  place  of  business,  San  Fra-icle-co, 

California.    Location    of    Works,    Cherokee  Flat,    Butte 

County,  California. 

Notice  is  hereby  given,  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Directors, 
tield  on  the  tenth  day  of  April,  A.  L\,  1879,  an  assessment 
[No.  41),  of  five  cents  per  share  was  levied  upon  the  capital 
stock  of  the  corporation,  payable  immediately  in  United 
States  gold  coin,  to  the  Secretary  at  the  office  of  the  company. 

Any  stock  upon  which  this  assessment  shall  remain  unpaid 
on  the  twelfth  d>iy  of  May,  1879,  will  be  delinquent,   and  ad- 

Eartlsed  for  sale  at  public  auction;  aud  unless  payment  is 
lada  before,  will  be  sold  on  Tuesday,  the  tenth  day  of  June, 
A.  D-,  1879,  to  pay  the  delinquent  assessment,  together  with 
costs  of  advertising  and  expenses  of  sale. 

R.  N.  VAN  BRUNT.  Secretary. 
Office,  Room  6.  No.  318  Pine  street.  San  Francisco.  Cal. 

Mount  Jefferson  Milling  and  Mining  Com- 
pany —Location  of  principal  place  of   business,    San 
Francisco,  California.     Location  of  works,  Garrote  Min- 
ing District.  Tuolumne  county,  California. 
NOTICE.— There  is  delinquent  upon  the  following;  de- 
icribed  stoctt,  on  account  oi  assessment  (No.  6)  levied  on 
the  21at  day  of  March,  A.  D.,  1879,   the  several  amounts 
Bet  opposjte  the  names  of  the  respective  shareholders,  aa 
follows: 
Names.  No.  Certificate.   No.  Shares.  Amt. 

Condee,  G  M,  Trustee 32  3000  150  00 

Condee,  G  M,  Trustee   for  the 
Mount  Jeffersou  M  &  M  Co. .     44  800  40  00 

Condee,  G  M,  Trustee 43  2000  100  00 

Condee,  G  M,  Trustee 49  2000  100  00 

Condee,  G  M,  Trustee 60  2000  100  00 

Condee,  G  M,  Trustee 61  2000  100  00 

Condee,  G  M,  Trustee 54  1000  50  00 

Condee,  G  M,  Trustee. 55  1000  50  00 

Condee,  O  M,  Trustee 68  11030  654  00 

Fassett,  N  C 21  500  25  00 

Fassett,  NC , 20  1000  50  00 

Fassett,  N  C 22  500  25  00 

Fassett,  N  C,  Trustee 7-  600  25  00 

Fassett,  N  C,  Trustee 8  600  25  00 

Smith,  O,  Trustee 40  1000  50  00 

Smith,  O,  Trustee 4l  500  25  00 

Smith,  O,  Trustee  42  600  25  oO 

And  in  accord  ince  with  law,  and  an  order  of  the  Board 
of  Directors  made  on  the  21st  day  of  March,  1879,  so  many 
shares  of  each  parcel  of  sueh  Btock  as  mav  be  necessary, 
will  be  sold  at  puhlic  auction,  at  the  office  of  the  Com- 
pany, on  Tuesday,  the  27th  day  of  May,  1879,  at  the 
hour  of  three  o'clock  p.  m.  of  said  day,  to  pay  said  delin- 
quent assessment  thereon,  together  with  costs  of  adver- 
tising and  expenses  of  the  sale. 

R.  N.  VAN  BRUNT.  Secretary. 
Office,  318  Pine  street.  Room  b\  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Rocky  Point  Mining  Company.— Location 

of  principal  place  of  business,  San  Francisco,  California. 

Location  of  works.  Placer  county,  California. 

Notice  is  hereby  given  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Boa--d  of 
Directors,  held  on  the  1 7th  day  of  April,  lo/9,  an  assessment 
(No.  1)  of  trin  110)  cents  per  share  was  levied  upon  the  capital 
stock  of  the  corporation,  payable  immediately  in  U.  S.  gold 
coin  to  the  Secretary,  at  the  office  of  the  Company,  No.  314 
Bush  street,  San  Francisco,  California. 

Any  stock  upon  which  this  assessment  shall  remain  unpaid 
on  tue  29th  day  of  May,  lti7i),  will  be  delinquent,  and  adver- 
tised for  sale  at  auction;  and  unless  payment  is  made  before, 
will  be  sold  on  Monday,  the  16th  day  of  June,  lc79.  to  pay 
the  d  llnquent  assessment,  together  with  cost  of  adv  rtising 
and  expenses  of  sale.  By  order  of  the  B.oard  of  Directors. 
T.  L.  BIBBINS,  Secretary. 

Office,  314  Bush  Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


<Wi3emept3. 


CALIFORNIA   THEATER. 

Barton  A  Lawlor Manager 

BLUTOJ  Hill Acting  Manager. 

MISS   FANNY   DAVENPORT. 

3iwh  Street,  above  Kearny.  Open  every  evening.  Box 
office  oiHin  Irom  :i  a,  u.  to  lo  p.  *.  Scat*  mav  be  secured 
BIX  days  in  advance. 

GRAND    OPERA    HOUSE. 

Til. I.MAS  UAODIBB Manager 

FkedLvstbi Acting  Manager 

ITALIAN    OPERA. 

Mission  Street,  near  TliirJ.     1J..A  ..llicoopen  daily. 

BUSH  STREET  THEATER. 

Chas.  E.  Locke Leasee  and  Muiager 

B.    MACAULEY. 

Open  even'  ovening  and  Saturday  Matinee. 


Fine  Eno-raving-. 

The  Engraving  Bureau  belonging  to  the  office 
of  this  Journal  is  prepared  to  design  and  engrnvo 
all  l.n id-  of  Wood  Cuts  for  illustrating  newspapers, 
books,  catalogues,  cards,  circulars,  advortlso- 
menta,  labels,  badges,  seals,  etc  ,  In  the  best  style 
of  the  art.  Our  portraits  and  illustrations  of  ma- 
chinery, buildings  and  landscapes,  arc  superior. 
Good  engravings  can  be  made  from  paintlngB, 
lithographs,  steel  and  copper  plate  prints,  photo- 
graphs, models,  patent  office  or  other  drawings. 
We  have  a  photographic  department  and  the  best 
of  machinery  for  producing  accurate  and  perfect 
work  at  the  lowest  prices.  Original  maps,  charts, 
and  diagrams  are  made  by  our  New  Photo-Relief 
Process  at  greatly  reduced  rates.  By  the  same 
process  copies  can  he  cheaply  and  quickly  pro- 
duced of  printed  cuts,  in/ac  simile,  or  they  can 
be  enlarged  or  reduced  with  equal  facility. 

Any  hand  writing  in  perfectly  bhek  ink  on. 
clear  white  paper  for  manuscript  letters  oi  circu- 
lars, will  be  accurately  reproduced  in  metal  plates 
Buitable  for  common  printing.  Also,  fac  simile 
signatures,  monograms,  aheet  musfc,  etc.  Wo 
excel  in  trade  cuts  and  matched  plates  for  combi- 
nation color  printing.  With  a  large  business,  long 
established,  and  every  facility  for  improvement, 
we  can  guarantee  more  than  ordinary  satisfaction 
to  all  of  our  patrons.  All  interested  are  invited 
to  send  for  or  call  and  see  specimens  and  obtain 
prices. 

Orders  for  electrotypes,  stereotypes,  steel  and 
copper  plates,  lithographing,  stamps  and  seal 
presses  executed  at  low  rates. 


BUY  LAND 


Where  you  can  get  a  crop  every  year; 
where  you  will  make  something  every 
season;  where  you  are  sure  of  having  a  crop 
when  prices  are  high;  where  you  have  a 
healthy  place  to  live;  where  you  can  raise 
semi-tropical  aa  well  as  other  fruits;  where 
you  can  raise  a  diversity  of  grain  and  vege- 
tables and  get  a  good  price  for  them.  Go 
and  see  the  old  ReadiDg  Grant  (in  the 
upper  Sacramento  Valley),  and  you  will 
find  such  land  for  sale  in  sub-divisions  to 
suit  purchasers — at  reasonable  rates  and 
on  easy  terms.  Send  stamp  for  map  and 
circular  to  Edward  Frisbie,  proprietor, 
(on  the  Grant),  Anderson,  Shasta  Co.,  Cal. 


Some  fine  sunny  offices  (next 
to  the  Press  office),  to  rent  (at 
very  reasonable  rates) ,  by  Dewey 
&  Co,,  at  202  Sansome  street, 
corner  of  Pine. 

Books  for  Miners  and   Millmen. 


Kustel'sRoasting  of  Gold  and  Silvek  Ores,  and 
the  extraction  of  their  respective  metals  without-  quicksilver. 
Illustrated.  142  pages.  1870.  A  valuable  and  carefully 
written  work.  Postpaid,  §2.50.  Published  and  sold  by 
D<;wey  &  Co.,  S.  F. 

Kustel's  Concentration  of  Oheh  (of  all  kinds),  inclu 
ding  the  Chlorination  Process  for  gold-bearing  sulphurets 
ar  leniurets,  aud  gold  and  silver  ores  generally,  with  120  litho- 
graphic diagrams.  1867.  This  work  Is  unequaled  by  any 
other  published  embracing  the  subjects  treated.  Post-paid, 
§7.50.    Printed  and  sold  by  Diiwey  &  Co.,  S.  F. 

Phillii'S"  Explorers,  Miners  and  Metallurgists 
Companion,  comprising  a  practical  exposition  of  the  various 
departments  of  explonicion,  mining,  engineering,  assaying 
and  metallurgy.  M2  pages  and  83  illustrations.  A  most 
valuable  and  comprehensive  book  of  refereuce  to  prospectors 
and  practical  miners.  Post-paid,  $10.50.  Published  and 
sold  by  Dewey  &  Co.,  S.  F. 

A  ros's  T  sting  and  Working  Silver  Ores.— Illus- 
trated. 11  pages.  1876.  A  useful  and  practl-  al  work,  free 
from  technicalities  and  extremely  serviceable  for  miners'  use. 
PoBt-pald,  S3.    Published  and  sold  by  Dewey  &  Co.,  S.  F. 

Copp's  Handbook  of  Mining  Laws.— Containing  the 
U.  S.  Mining  Laws,  Digest  of  Decisions,  Forms,  etc.  1877. 
Pocket  size  and  very  handy  and  convenient  for  turners. 
Post-paid,  $1,    Sold  by  Dewey  &  Co.,  S.  F. 


DEWEY   &    CO. 
American  &  Foreign  Patent  Agents, 

OFFICE,  202  SANSOME  St.,  N  E  Cor.  Time,  S.  F. 

PATENTS  obtained  promptly;  Caveats  tiled 
expeditiously;  Patent  Reissues  taken  out 
Assignments  made  and  recorded  iu  legal  form; 
Copies  of  Patent*  and  Assignments  procured; 
Examinations  of  Patents  made  here  and  at 
Washington;  Examinations  made  of  Assign- 
ments recorded  in  Washington;  Examinations 
ordered  and  reported  by  lelegr;q>h;  Rejected 
cases  taken  up  and  Patents  obtained;  Inter 
fert-uces  Prosecuted;  Opinions  rendered  re 
garding  the  validity  of  Patents  and  Assign- 
ments; Every  legitimate  branch  of  Patent 
Agency  Business  promptly  and  thoroughly 
conducted. 

Our  intimato  knowledge  of  the  various  inven- 
tions of  this  coast,  and  long  practice  iu  patent 
business,  enable  us  to  abundantly  satisfy  our 
patrons;  and  our  success  and  business  arc 
constantly  increasing. 

The  shrewdest  and  most  experienced  Inventors 
are  found  among  our  most  steadfast   frieudi 


and  patrons,  who  fully  appreciate  our  ad  van 

igiug   valuable 
notice  of  the  public  through  the   columns   oi 


tages  in  bringing   valuable  inventions  to  the 


our   widely   circulated,   Urst-class  journals- 
thereby   facilitating   their  introduction,  sale 
and  popularity. 

Foreign  Patents. 

In  addition  to  American  Patents,  we  secure, 
with  the  assistance  of  co-operative  agents, 
claims  in  all  foreign  countries  which  grant 
Patents,  including  Great  Britain,  France, 
Belgium,  Prussia,  Austria,  Baden,  Peru, 
Russia,  Spain,  British  India,  Saxony,  British 
Columbia,  Canada,  Norway,  Sweden,  Mexico, 
Victoria,  Brazil,  Bavaria,  Holland,  Denmark, 
Italy,  Portugal,  Cuba,  Roman  States, 
Wurtemburg,  New  Zealand,  New  South 
Wales,  Queensland,  Tasmania,  Brazil,  New 
Granada,  Chile,  Argentine  Republic,  AND 
EVERY  COUNTRY  IN  THE  WORLD 
where  Patents  are  obtainable. 

No  models  are  required  in  European  countries, 
but  the  drawings  and  specifications  should  be 
prepared  with  thoroughness,  by  able  persons 
who  are  familiar  with  the  requirements  and 
changes  of  foreign  patent  laws — agents  who 
are  reliable  and  permanently  established. 

Our  schedule  price  for  obtaining  foreign  patents 
in  all  cases,  will  always  be  as  low,  and  in 
some  instances  lower,  than  those  of  any  other 
responsible  agency. 

We  caw  and  do  get  foreign  patents  for  inventory 
in  the  Pacific  States  from  two  to  six  months 
(according  to  the  location  of  the  country) 
sooner  than  any  other  agents. 

The  principal  portion  of  the  patent  business  of 
this  coast  has  been  done,  and  is  still  being 
done,  through  our  agency.  We  are  familiar 
with,  and  have  full  records,  of  all  former 
cases,  and  can  more  correctly  judge  of  the 
value  and  patentability  of  inventions  discov- 
ered here  than  any  other  agents. 

Situated  so  remote  from  the  seat  of  government, 
delays  are  even  more  dangerous  to  the  invent- 
ors of  the  Pacific  Coast  than  to  applicants  in 
the  Eastern  States.  Valuable  patents  may  be 
lost  by  extra  time  consumed  in  transmitting 
specifications  from  Eastern  agencies  back  to 
this  coast  for  the  signature  of  the  inventor. 

Confidential. 

We  take  great  pains  to  preserve  secrecy  hi 
all  confidential  matters,  and  applicants  for 
patents  can  rest  assured  that  their  communi- 
cations and  business  transactions  will  be  held 
strictly  confidential  by  us.     Circulars  free 

Home    Counsel. 

Our  long  experience  in  obtaining  patents  for 
Inventors  on  this  Coast  has  familiarized  us 
with  the  character  of  most  of  the  inventions 
already  patented;  hence  we  are  frequently 
able  to  save  our  patrons  the  cost  of  a  fruitless 
application  by  pointing  to  them  the  same 
thing  already  covered  by  a  patent.  We  are 
always  free  to  advise  applicants  of  any 
knowledge  we  have  of  previous  applicants 
which  will  interfere  with  their  obtaining  a 
patent. 

We  invito  the  acquaintance  of  all  parties  con- 
nected with  inventions  and  patent  right  busi- 
ness, believing  that  the  mutual  conference  of 
legitimate  business  and  professional  men  is 
mutual  gain.  Parties  in  doubt  in  regard  to 
their  riglits  as  assignees  of  patents  or  pur- 
chasers of  patented  articles,  can  often  receive 
advice  of  importance  to  them  from  a  short  call 
at  our  office. 

Remittances  of  money,  made  by  individual  in- 
ventors to  the  Government,  sometimes  mis- 
carry, and  it  has  repeatedly  happened  that 
applicants  have  not  only  lost  their  money,  but 
their  inventions  also,  fron  *this  cause  and  con- 
sequent delay.  We  hold  ourselves  responsible 
for  all  fees  entrusted  to  our  agency. 

Engravings. 

We  have  superior  artists  in  our  own  office,  and 
all  facilities  for  producing  fine  and  satisfactory 
illustrations  of  inventions  and  machinery,  for 
newspaper,  book,  circular  and  other  printed  il- 
lustrations, and  are  always  ready  to  assist 
patrons  in  bringing  their  valuable  discoveries 
into  practical  and  profitable  use. 

DEWEY    &  CO. 

United  States  and  Foreign  Patent  Agents,  pub- 
lishers Mining  and  Scientific  Press  and  tht 
Pacific  Rural  Press,  202  Sansome  St,  N  E. 
corner  Pine,   S.  F, 


NOTICE 

TO    THE 

MINING  PUBLIC. 

MESSRS.  RANKIN,  BRAYTON  &  CO.,  of 
the  Pacific  Iron  Works,  are  the  only  partlea 
authorized  to  manufacture  HOWELL'S  IM- 
PROVED WHITE  FDRNACE  under  the 
License  of  this  Company. 

THE  STETEFELDT  FURNACE  CO., 

By  C.  A.  STETEFELDT,  President. 

Rcierrin^'  to  tlic  :iWve,  tliu  unrierslgDed  wr.uM  cali  at- 
tention to  the  fuel  tlmt  t.v  a  oompi ilse  recently  effected 

with  the  bTfcTKFhLlvr  Fl  RNACE  COMPANY,  they 
have  secured  the  use  of  all  the  latent,  of  raid  Company 

applying  to 

Revolving  Cylinder  Furnaces, 

And  arc  thuu  enabled  t>  rive  purchasers  the  Hceiiao  of 
all  patent  claimants,  to-wft: 

WHITE,    HOWELL,   THOMPSON, 

—  AND     TUB  — 

Stetefeldt  Furnace  Company, 

Thereby  avoiding  all  further  litigation  in  reference  to 
these  rival  clairas.     The  groat 

SUPERIORITY  GF  THE  FURNACES 

EmbraeuifF  these  patents  hatt  been  satisfactorily  demon, 
sinned.  There  are  now  some  thirty  of  them  in  operation 
in  the  various  mining  districts  >if  the  coast,  operating  in 
all  cises  with  economy  and  satisfaction,  working  in  many 
localities 

THE  BASEST  AND  MOST  REFRACTORY  ORES  UP 
TO  90  AND  95  PER  CENT. 

By  an  improvement— the  patent  for  which  h^s  recently 
l)ecu  allowed— this  Kurnace  can  bfl  readily  adjusted  so  as 
to  work  with  equal  facility  ana  effectiveness  all  classes  of 
ors, 

The  following  are  some  of  the  Mining  Companies  who 
have  recently  adopted  this  Funuce,  the  moBtof  which  are 
new  in  successful  operation,  many  of  them  running  two 
aud  some  three  and  four  Furnuces. 

NEVADA..— Grand  Prize,  Star,  Martin  White,  High*, 
bridge,  Columbia,  Alexander,  Paradise  Valley,  Jefferson, 
Leopard,  Eagle,  Endowment,  Independence. 

ARIZONA.— Tiptop,  Tiger,  Peck,  Haekberry,  Corbln, 
Tombstone,  Bradshaw, 

OREGON— Monumental. 

MONTANA— Aliee  Mine,  Butte  City. 

MEXltO— Trinidad,  llanni^uera,  Plomosea. 

PERU— Ccrro  de  Uasco. 

RANKIN,  BRAYTON  &  CO., 

Pacific    Iron    Works. 


CAUTION.— All  iiersons  are  hereby  cautioned  againBt 
buying  from  other  parties  Furnaces  embracing  any  of  tho 
improvements  covered  by  the  patents  above  mentioned 
as  they  will  he  vigorously  prosecuted  aud  involved  iu 
heavy  damages. 


SPATTLDING'S 


PATENT   DETACHABLE   TOOTH    SAWS, 

Manfuactory.  17  &  19  Fremont  St.,  S.  F. 


H.  S.  CROCKER  &  CO. 

Stationers  and  Printers 

Agents  for 

Arnold's  Inks,  Gillott's  Pens.  Faber's  Pencils  and  Rubber 
Bands,  Stephen's  Inks,  Dickson's  Carmine,  David's  Car- 
mine and  Mucilage,  Crown  Brand  Mucilage,  Hstcrbrook'i 
Steel  Pens,  IJ.irnuifs  Ziuc  and  Plat  inn  Pens,  McCill's  Paper 
Fasteners  :  also,  a  full  line  of  STATIONERY,  PAPEK,  etc. 

SAN  FRANCISCO  and  SACRAMENTO. 


tyffLLfitMlNMG 


i»BERRv&  Place 


At  the  Old  Stand,  Market,  head  of  Front  Street,  S.  P. 

An    Engineer, 

Favorably  known  in  the  East,  desirous  of  Eettline  in  Califor- 
nia, seeks  position  as  Snpe-  intendent  or  Chief  Draughtsman. 
Compet  nt  to  design  Stationary.  Marine.  Locomotive,  Mill 
Work,  Sugar  aud  Hydraulic  Machinery.  Speaks  Spanish. 
Unexceptional  references.    AddiesB  EXPERT,  tbia  office. 


310 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[May  io,   1879. 


Iran  ajitl  ftacliipe  lllorks. 


THOS.  PENDERGAST.  HENRY  S.  SMITH. 

.(ETNA    IRON    WORKS, 


jmnJFACTORKRS  OP 


IRON  CASTINGS 

and      MACHINERY 


OF  ALL  KINDS. 


Fremont  Street,  Bet.  Howard  and  Folsom, 


SAN    FRANCISCO. 

SACRAMENTO  BOILER   WORKS, 

214  &  216  BBALB  St.,  (rear  of  .Etna  Foundry) 

J.  V.  HALL, 

PRACTICAL    BOILER    MAKER, 

Marine,  Stationary  and  Portable  Boilers,  Smoke  Stacks, 

Hydraulic   Pipe,    Oil  or  Water  Tanks,    Ore  and 

Water  Buckets,  Gasometers,  Girders,  Bridges 

and    Iron    Ship    Building'. 

ALL    KINDS    OF    SHEET    IRON    WORK. 

Repairing1   promptly   attended   to    at   the 
lowest    possible    terms. 


UNION  IRON  WORKS, 

SACRAMENTO,    CAL. 
ROOT,    NEILSON    &    CO., 

MANUFACTURERS  OF 

STEAM    ENGINES,  BOILERS   AND    ALL 
Kinds  of  Machinery  for  Mining   Purposes. 

Flouring  Mills',  Saw  Mills'  and   Quartz  MillB*  Machinery 

constructed,  fitted  up  and  repaired. 

Front  Street,  Between  N  and  O  Streeta, 

SACRAMENTO,     OAL. 


PHELPS 
MANUFACTURING    COMPANY, 

Manufacturers  of  all  kinds  of 

Wharf  and  Bridge  Bolts,    Bailroad  Trestle 

Work.   Car  Frames  and  Bolts,  Machine 

Bolts,    Set  Screws    and   Tap  Bolts, 

Lag    or    Coach    Screws. 

ALL  STYLES   OF  FANCY  HEAD  BOLTS. 

HOT  AND    COLD    PRESSED    HEXAGONAL    AND 

SQUARE    NUTS,     WASHERS,     BOLT    ENDS, 

TURNBUCKLES,     ETC.,    ETC. 

13, 15  and  17  Drumm  St.,  near  California. 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 


GEORGE  W.  PRESCOTT. 


IRVING  M.  SCOTT. 


H.  T.  SCOTT. 


Golden  State  &  Miners  Iron  Works, 

Manufacture  Iron  Castings  and  Machinery 
of  all  Kinds  at  Greatly  Reduced  Bates. 

STEVENSON'S  PATENT 

Mold-Board  AMALGAMATORS, 
Golden  State  Pressure  Blowers. 

First  St.,  between  Howard  &  Folsom,  S.  F. 


Wm.  H.  Birch. 


John  Aroall. 


California    Machine   Works, 
BIRCH,    ARGALL    &.    CO., 

119  Beale  Street,  San  Francisco. 

iJSTGeneral  Mechanical  Engineers  and  Machinists. 
Steam  Engines,  Flour,  Quartz  and  Mining  Machinery. 
Sole  manufacturers  of  Brodie's  Patent  Rock  Crushers  and 
Steel-Faced  Tappits.  Steam,  Hydraulic  and  Sidewalk 
Elevators.     Repairing  promptly  attended  to. 


California    Brass    Foundry, 

No,  125  First  Street,  Opposite  Minna. 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 

All  kinds  of  Brass,  Composition,  Zinc,  aud  Babbitt 
Metal  Castings,  Brass  Ship  Work  of  all  kinds,  Spikes, 
sheathing  Nails,  Rudder  Braces,  Hinges,  Ship  and  Steam- 
boat Bells  and  Gongs  of  superior  tone.  All  kinds  of  Cocks 
and  Valves,  Hydraulic  Pipes  and  Nozzles,  and  Hose  Coup- 
lings and  Connections  of  all  Bizes  and  patterns  furnished 
with  dispatch.  tt&,PRICES  MODERATE  'Sfc 

J.  H.  WEED.  V.  KINGWELL. 

STEAM  ENGINES  AND  BOILERS 

Of  all  sizes — from  2  to  60-Horse  power.  Also,  Quartz 
Mills,  Mining  Pumps,  Hoisting  Machinery,  Shafting,  Iron 
Tanks,  etc.     For  sale  at  the  lowest  prices  by 

J.    HENDY,  49  and  51  Fremont  Street,  S.  F. 


THOMAS  THOMPSON. 


THORNTON   THOMPSON. 


THOMPSON    BROTHERS, 

EUREKA    FOUNDRY, 

129  and  131  Beale  St.,  between  Mission  and  Howard,  S,  F 

MANUFACTURERS  OF  CASTINGS  OF  EVERT  DESCRIPTION. 

WIND  M I M  One  of  the  best  made  in  this  State 
■  ■1111*  IHIL.L.!  for  sale  cheap  on  easy  terms.  Ad- 
dress, W.  T.  care  of  Dewey  &  Co.,  S.  F. 


Union    }ron    ffoRKs. 

Office,  61  First  St.  |  Cor.  First  &  Mission  Sts.,  S.  F.  |  p.  0.  Box,  2128. 


BUILDERS     OF 


Steam,    Air   and    Hydraulic    Machinery. 

Home  Industry.— All  "Work  Tested,  and  Guaranteed. 


Vertical  Engines, 

Baby  Hoists, 

Stamps, 

Horizontal  Engines, 

Ventilating  Pans, 

Pans, 

Automatic  Cut-off  Engines, 

Hock  Breakers, 

Settlers, 

Compound  Condensing  Engines, 

Self-Feeders, 

Retorts, 

Shafting, 

Pulleys, 

Etc.,  Etc 

TRY    OUR    MAKE,  CHEAPEST   AND    BEST    IN    USE. 
Send  for  Late  Circulars.  PRESCOTT,  SCOTT  &  CO. 


"V^illiam     Hawkins, 

(SUCCESSOR  TO  HAWKINS  &  CANTBELL). 

IMI^CBIIIlSriE    WORKS, 

210  and  212  Beale  Street,  bet.  Howard  and  Folsom  Sts.,    -    -    San  Francisco. 

Manufacturer    of 

IMPROVED  PORTABLE  HOISTING  ENGINES, 

FOR   MININO    AND    OTHER    PURPOSES. 

Steam  Engines  and  all  Kinds  of  Mill  and  Mining  Machinery. 


3?ax3ifio  Rolling  IVIill  Co., 

SAN    FRANCISCO,    CAL. 

MANUFACTURERS    OF 

RAILROAD  AND    MERCHANT  IRON, 

ROLLED  BEAMS,  ANGLE,  CHANNEL  AND  T  IRON,  BRIDGE  AND  MACHINE  BOLTS,  LAG  SCREWS,  NUTS 
WASHERS,  ETC.,  STEAMBOAT   SHAFTS,  CRANKS,  PISTONS,  CONNECTING    RODS,  ETC.,  ETC. 

Car  and  Locomotive  Axles  and  Frames,  and  Hammered  Iron  of  Every  Description. 

HIGHEST    PRICE    PAID    FOR    SCRAP    IRON. 

IS"  Orders  Solicited  and  Promptly  Executed.  Office,  No.  16  PIBST  STEEET. 


Fulton.    Iron    Works. 

Hinckley,  Spiers  &  Hayes. 

(ESTABLISHED    IN    1855.) 

Works,  Fremont  and  Howard  Sts.  |  San  Francisco,  Cal.  |  Office,  No.  213  Fremont  St. 

MANUFACTURERS    OF 

Marine  Engines  and  Boilers, 

Propeller  Engines  either  High  Pressure  or  Com- 
pound Stem  or  Side  Wheel  Engines. 

Mining  Machinery. 

Hoisting  Engines  and  Works,  Cages,  Ore  Buckets,  Ore 
Cars,  Pumping  Engines  aud  Pumps,  Water  Buckets, 
Pump  Columns,  Air  Compressors,  Air  Receivers, 
Air   Pipes. 

Mill  Machinery. 

Batteries  for  Dry  or     Wet  Crushing,     Amalgamating 


Pans,  Settlers,  Furnaces,  Retorts,  Concentrators,  Ore 
Feeders,  Rock  Breakers,  Furnaces  for  Reducing  Ores 
Water  Jackets,  Etc. 


Sugar  Machinery. 


Crushing  Rolls,  Clarifiers,  Vacuum  Fans,  Air  Pumps, 
Concentrators,  Bag  Filters,  Charcoal  Filters,  Blow-up 
Tanks,  Coolers  and  Receiving  Tanks. 


Miscellaneous  Machinery. 


Flour  Mill  Machinery,  Saw  Mill  Engines  and  Boilers, 
Dredging  Machinery,  Oil  Well  Retorts,  Powder  Mill  Ma- 
chinery, Water  Wheels. 

PnnirtAC    Sinrl     Rlilorc   of  all  kinds,  either  for  use  on  SteamhoatB  and  made  in  accordance  with  the 

ClllJIIiCO    allU     Ouncl  o  Act  of  Congress  regulating  the  same,  or  for  use  on  land.  Water  Pipe,  Pump. 

or  Air  Column,  Fish  Tanks  for  Salmon  Canneries  of  every  description. 

Boiler  repairs  promptly  attended  to  and  at  very  moderate  rates. 


PACIFIC    IRON    WORKS, 

First  and  Fremont  Streets,  between  Mission  and  Howard,  San  Francisco,  Cal., 
RANKIN,   BRAYTON    &;    CO., 

Manufacturers    of 

ENGINES,  BOILERS,   MARINE   AND    STATIONARY.      PUMPING,   HOISTING,  AND    MINING    MACHINERY 

INCLUDING  BATTERIES,  AMALGAMATING  PANS  AND  SETTLERS,  CONCENTRATORS,  ORE  FEEDERS, 

CRUSHING  ROLLS  AND  ROCK  BREAKERT.    ALSO,  WATER  JACKET  SMELTING  FURNACES, 

FOR  REDUCING  LEAD,  SILVER   AND    COPPER   ORES,  QUICKSILVER   FURNACES, 

RETORTS  AND  CONDENSERS,  ROASTING  AND   CHLORIDIZING  FURNACES, 

SUGAR    MILL    MACHINER  i .   WATER    WHEELS,  Etc.,  ALL    OF    THE 

LATEST  AND  MOST  IMPROVED  CONSTRUCTION. 

Agents  for  the  Allen  Engine  Governor,  Bailey  Air  Compressor,  Howell's 
Improved  White  Furnaces,  Walker's  Compound  Steam  Pumps,  Etc. 


"Western.  Iron  "Worlis, 

316     and     318     Mission     Street,     San     Francisco, 

PERRY  EDWARDS,  Prop'r. 

Manufacturer  of  Wrought  Iron  Girders,  Trusses,   Prison   Cells,  Iron  Roofs,  Crest 
Railings,  Finials,  Fences,  Weathervanes,  Gratings,  Iron  Work  for  Models,  Etc. 

Nickel   Plated  Ralliugs.        Bank  and  Store  Fittings.       Estimates  given  and  Iron  Work  furnished  for  Buildings. 


Crista the  paper  that  8tand3b*  y°ur  H  Dewey  &  Co  {^llt.}  Patent  Ag'ts 


[•Ji 

wnuMSi 

Wm 

llCTlllBlM 

Corner  Beale  and  Howard  Sts., 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 

W.  H.  TAYLOR,  Pres't.  JOSEPH  MOORE,  Sup't. 

Builders  of  Steam  Machinery 

IN  ALL  ITS  BRANCHES, 

Steamboat,  Steamship,  Land 

Engines  and  Boilers, 

.  HIGH  PRESSURE  OR  COMPOUND. 


STEAM  VESSELS,  of  all  kinds,  built  complete  with 
Hulls  of  Wood,  Iron  or  Composite. 

ORDINARY  ENGINES  compounded  wtaon  ad- 
visable. 

STEAM  LAUNCHES,  Barges  and  Steam  Tugs  con- 
structed with  reference  to  the  Trade  in  which  they  are 
to  be  employed.  Speed,  tonnage  and  draft  of  water 
guaranteed. 

STEAM  BOILERS.  Particular  attention  given  to 
the  quality  of  the  material  and  workmanship,  aud  none 
but  first-class  work  produced. 

SUGAR  MILLS  AND  SUGAR-MAKING 
MACHINERY  made  after  the  most  approved  plans. 
Also,  all  Boiler  Iron  Work  connected  therewith. 

WATER  PIPE,  of  Boiler  or  Sheet  Iron,  of  any  size 
made  in  suitable  lengths  for  connecting  together, 
Bheets  rolled,  punched,  and  packed  for  shipment  ready 
to  be  riveted  on  the  ground. 

HYDRAULIC    RIVETING.      Boiler    Work    and 
Water  Pipe  made  by  this  establishment,    riveted  by 
Hydraulic   Riveting  Machinery,   that  quality  of  work  ' 
being  far  superior  to  hand  work. 

SHIP  "WORK.  Ship  and  Steam  Capstains,  Steam 
Winches,  Air  and  Circulating  PumpB,  mado  after  the 
most  approved  plans. 

PUMPS.  Direct  Acting  Pumps,  for  Irrigation  or  City 
Water  WorkB  purposes,  built  with  the  celebrated  Davy 
Valve  Motion,  superior  to  any  other  Pump. 


—  AT  the  — 


Electric  Model  &  Machine  Works; 

Inventors  and    others  can  fret  First-Classi 
Work  at  Moderate  Prices. 

After  10  years  experience  with  inventions  and  other  t 
mechanical  work,  I  am  fully  prepared  to  execute  draw-  . 
ings,  working-models  and  fine  machinery  of  any  descrlp-  i 
tion  to  entire  satisfaction. 

Brass  Finishing,  Pattern  Making,  Gear  Cutting,  Tale-  1 
graphic  and  other  Electrical  Apparatus  by  competent  ■ 
workmen. 

TELEPHONES   TO   ORDER. 
P.  W.  FULLER,  416  Market  Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. ■■ 


Main    Street    Iron    Works, 

WM.   DEACON,   PROPRIETOR. 
Nos.  131, 133  &  135  Main  St.,  San  Francisco,  i 

Siaiionary  and  Marine  Engines, 

Shafting,  Pulleys,  and  General  Machine  Work.     Jobbing 
and   repairing    done    Promptly    and    at    Lowest    Rates.  I 
Screw  Propellors,  Propellor  and  Steamboat  EngineB. 

SAW  MILLS  and  SAW  MILL  MACHINERY. 


Diamond    Drill    Co. 


Tho  undersigned,  owners  of  LESCHOT'S  PATENT 
for  DIAMOND  POINTED  DRILLS,  now  brought  to  the 
highest  state  of  perfection,  are  prepared  to  fill  orders 
for  the  IMPROVED  PROSPECTING  AND  TUNNELING 
DRILLS,  with  or  without  power,  at  short  notice,  and 
at  reduced  prices.  Abundant  testimony  furnished  of 
the  great  economy  and  successful  working  of  numerouB 
machines  in  operation  in  the  quartz  and  gravel  mines 
on  this  coast.  Circulars  forwarded,  and  full  infor- 
mation given  upou  application. 

A.  J.  SEVERANCE  &  CO. 
Office,  No.  320  Sansome  street,  Room  10. 


GOLD    MINE    WANTED. 


One  now  paying  more  than  expenses.    Addres 

W.    S.    KEYES,    M.    E., 
No.  310  Pine  St.,  Room  42,   San  Francisco 


Should  con- 
sult DEWEY 
&  CO. ,  Amur- 


California  Inventors 

ican  and  Foreign  Patent  Solicitors.  Established  in 
1860.  Their  long  experience  as  journalists  and  large  prac- 
tice as  patent  attorneys  enables  them  to  offer  Pacific  Coast  . 
inventors  far  better  service  than  they  can  obtain  elfle- 
where.  Send  for  free  circulars  of  information.  Office  of 
the  Mining  and  Scientific  Press  and  Pacific  Rdral 
Press,  No.  202  Sansome  St.,  San  Francisco. 


May  10,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS 


311 


Mining  Machinery  Depot, 


cfe 


No.  417  Market  Street,  San  Francisco. 


NO.    7    IMPROVED 

AIR    COMPRESSOR. 


With  Adjustable  Cut-off  Poppet  Valve  Engine,  and  Forced  Iron  Crank  Shafts. 


SPECIAL    ADVANTAGES. 

Absolute  certainty  in  the  action  of  the  valves  at  any  speed.  Perfect  delivery  of  the  air  at  any 
speed  or  pressure.  The  heating  of  the  air  entirely  prevented  at  any  pressure.  Takes  less  vatcr  to 
cool  tho  air  than  any  other  Compressor. 

Power  applied  to  the  best  advantage.  Access  obtainable  to  all  tho  valves  by  removing  air  chest 
covers.  Entire  absence  of  springs  or  friction  to  open  or  shut  the  valves.  No  valve  stems  to  break 
aud  drop  inside  of  cylinders. 

Have  no  back  or  front  heads  to  break.  Tho  only  Machine  that  makes  a  perfect  diagram.  No 
expensive  foundations  required.     Absolute  economy  in  first  cost  and  after  working. 

DISPLACEMENTS  in  air  cylinder  perfect.  Showing  less  leakage  and  friction  than  our  competitors 
aud  a  superior  economy  of  about  20  per  cent. 

Small  Sizes  made  in  Sections  not  to  Exceed  300  lbs. 


THE  SAFETY  POWDER  COMPANY, 


San  Francisco,  Cal. 


CARTRIDGE. 


GEN.  W.  S.  ROSECRANS. 
President. 


COL.  SAIWL  0.  GREGORY, 
Secretary. 


Fuse  Lighter  and  Fuee. 


Safety   Cap  and  Fuse. 


Electric  Cap. 


Safety  Powder,  Caps,  Electric  Caps,  and  Fuse  Lighters. 

Under  a  series  of  U.  S.  Patents,  after  long  and  carefully  conducted  experiments  and  thou- 
sands of  tests,  this  Company  i3  prepared  to  manufacture  and  supply,  for  Mining  and  Engineering 
Works,  the  above  named  articles  at  prices  and  on  terms  as  favorable  as  articles  of  similar  grades 
are  now  supplied  in  this  market.  Our  Powders  contain  no  Nitro-glyceriue,  no  Nitroline,  no  Gun 
Cotton,  no  Fulminates,  and  are  free  from  the  unavoidable  dangers  in  manufacturing 
transporting,  handling  and  using  of  all  high  grade  explosives  which  contain  those  elements. 

Cold  does  not  affect  them.  They  cause  no  headaches  or  other  inconveniences  in  handling, 
and  the  smoke  from  their  explosion  contains  no  poisoning  or  sickening  vapors. 

Their  blasting  force,  with  slight  tamping,  at  least  equals  that  of  any  Powders  now  used,  but 
they  admit  and  require  strong  ^tamping  to  bring  out  their  immense  and  peculiar  lifting  power 
which  follows  their   detonating  work.     They  should  be  tired,  therefore,  by  our 

Safety   Cap, 

Which  allows  tamping  without  danger.  They  can  be  fired  by  any  caps  now  employed  in  blasting, 
but  the  use  of  these  is  always  dangerous  with  any  Powder,  and  the  loss  of  the  throwing  power 
resulting  from  lack  of  tamping  renders  it  with  our  Powders  doubly  objectionable. 

Our  SAFETY  CAPS  have  twice  or  thrice  the  force  of  triple  Giant  Caps.  When  set  on  fire 
they  do   not  explode,  but  merely  burn  off,  and  are  perfectly  safe  in  transporting  and  in  tamping. 

In  round  tin  boxes,  50  cents. 

The  Safety   Fuse   Lighter, 

Cheap,  handy  and  sure  to  light  the  Fuse  upon  the  end  of  which  it  is  fastened,  only  needs  a  trial 
to  be  appreciated  by  every  miner  who  isup  to  "snuffs."    25  Cents  per  box;  sent  by  mail. 

Safety   Fuse, 

Equal  to  the  best  in  the  market,  will  be  supplied  at  the  lowest  market,  prices. 

In  consequence  of  spurious  imitations  of 

LEA    AND    PERRINS'    SAUCE,   • 

■which  are  calculated  to  deceive  the  Public,  Lea  and  Perrins 
have  adopted  A  NEW  LABEL,  bearing  their  Signature, 


thus, 

which  is  placed  on  every  bottle  of  WORCESTERSHIRE 
SA  UCE,  and  without  which  none  is  genuine. 

Ask/or  LEA  &*  PERR/NS'  Sauce,  and  see  Name  on  Wrapper,  Label,  Bottle  and  Stopper. 
Wholesale  and  for  Export  by  the  Proprietors,  Worcester  ;  Crosse  and  Blackwell,  London,. 
<Srv.,  &c. ;  and  by  Grocers  and  Oilmen  tkrov  -/tout  the  World. 

To^be  obtained  of  CROSS  &  CO.,  San  Francisco. 


RUSSELL'S  AMALGAMATOR. 


Patented  June  25th 


SAYB    "SrOTTIR,    GOLD 
And    Also    SAVE    YOUR    QUICKSILVER. 

The  above  Washer  and  Amalgamator  with  new  patent  Wire  Bridge  Quicksilver  Boxes  attached,  can  be  worked 
wet  or  dry,  either  by  hand,  steam,  horse  or  water  power,  and  is  easily  taken  apart  and  packed.  For  washing  Pulp, 
Earth,  Gravel,  Mill  Tailings  or  black  Sand,  it  is  without  a  rival. 

Has  been  Thoroughly  Tested  and  given  Complete  Satisfaction. 


The  entire  Lining,  Hanging  Plates,  Riffles  and  Boxes  Amalgamated 

IS    GUARANTEED   TO  SAVE    THE    FINEST    OR     FLOAT    GOLD. 

Capacity,  30  to  60  tons  per  day,  according  to  size.     For  further  particulars  apply  to 

J.  MORIZIO,  Gen'l  Agt., 

Room  24,  Safe  Deposit  Building,  Comer  Montgomery  and  California  Streets,    SAN  FBANCISC  O. 


SANDERSON  BROS.  &  GO.'S 

Best  Refined.  Cast-Steel. 

Warranted  Most  Superior  for  Drills,  Hammers,  Etc. 

A  full  and    complete  stock   of  this   reliable  and  well-known 
brand  of  Steel,  for  mining  and  other  uses,  now  in  stock  and  for  sale 

At  No.  417  Market  St.,  S.  F.,   -   H.  D.  Morris,  Agent. 


San   Francisco   Pioneer   Screen   Works, 

J.  W.  QUICK,  Manufacturer, 

Several  first  premiums  received 
for  Quartz  Mill  Screens,  and  Per- 
forated Sheet  Metals  of  every 
description.  1  would  call  special 
attention  to  my  SLOT  CUT  and 
SLOT  PUNCHED  SCREENS. 
which  -  are  attracting  much  at- 
tention and  giving  universal 
satisfaction.  This  is  the  only 
establishment  on  the  coast  de- 
voted exclusively  to  the  manufac- 
ture of  Screens.  Mill  owners  using  Battery  Screens  exten- 
sively can  contract  for  large  supplies  at  favorable  rates. 
Orders  sollcitedand  promptly  attended  to. 

32  Fremont  Street.  San  Francisco. 


Good  land  that  will  Jaise  a  crop  every 
year.  Over  1-1,000  acres  for  sale  In  lots  to 
suit.  Climate  healthy.  No  drouths,  bad 
floods,  nor  malaria.  Wood  and  water 
convenient.  U.  S.  Title,  perfect.  Send  stamp  for  illus- 
trated circular,  to  EDWARD  FRISBIE,  Proprietor  of 
Reading  Ranch,  Anderson,  Shasta  County,  Cal. 


LAND 


THE     AMERICAN 

AD  sizes, 

and  adapted,  t 

from 

3  to  500  ' 

feet  head 

•TUEBINE 

Water  Wheels 

THE  BEST  IN  THE 
\                   WORLD ! 

(OjL " 

_,        Send  for  our  Circular 
Ppr^         and  Prices. 
U||?3ERRY  &  PLACE. 

Market  St.,  Head  of  Front, 

wB>>        San  Francisco. 

312 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[May  10,   1879. 


arrigan  A  Go 


Nos.  107, 109  &  111  Front  Street,  S.  F. 
Lathe    Without    Saw    Attachments. 


£.2  °-° 
■2      «  a 

Sa"  s 


35  =  5 


T  «  Si  w 

el  ♦»  e)"" 

s.Sti  " 


11!° 


m   3    s: 
ST  ct    » 


6.*   ' 


I 


B         ^3 


Price  of  Lathe"w  thout  Saw  Attachments S45.        Price'  of  Lathe  with  Scroll  Saw  Attachment $55. 

Price  of  Lathe  with  both  Scroll  and  Circular  Saws,  S70. 


TriJLxn.T>    IDrill    Oliiiols.. 


Chuck,  for  drills  J  and  under, 
Price 51.50 

Chuck,  for  drills  J  and  under, 

Price 82.25 

They  are  made  on  solid  steel 

plug,  centered  and  readily  fitted 

to  Lathe  or  Drill  Press. 

SEND  FOR  CIRCULAR. 


STEVENOT'S 

Fine  Gold  Amalgamator. 

Adapted  for  Ores,  Tailings.  Slimes,  Etc. 

TJnequaled  for  Cheapness,  Lightness  and 
Practical   Results. 


No  Diecn  •.uicui  required  i->  run  it.  Worked  entirely  by 
pressure  of  water  throwing  the  ore  forcibly  on  to  and 
through  a  body  of  mercury. 

E.  K.  STEVENOT, 

Chemist  and  Mining  Engineer, 

304  Montgomery  St.,  San  Francisco. 

REPORTS  MADE  ON  MINES.  Quartz  Mills,  and 
Works  of  every  description  started. 


RT.AJX'XOCT.A.Xi 

SAFETY  PAPER 

FOR  CHECKS,  DRAFTS,  ETC. 

A  sure  protection  apainst  the  raising  of  Checks  and  Drafts. 
Merchants  should  have  their  Checks  and  Drafts  printed 
on  this  paper  for  self-protection. 

H.  S.  CROCKER  &  CO. 

Agents  for  the  Pacific  Coast, 


Engraving  done  at  ihis  office, 


W.   T.   GARRATT'S 

BRASS  and  BELL  FOUNDRY 

SAN    FEANCISCO. 

MANUFACTURER  AND  IMPORTER  OF 

Church  and  Steamboat  BELLS  and  GONGS 
BRASS  CASTINGS  of  all  kinds, 
WATER  GATES,   GAS  GATES, 
FIRE  HYDRANTS, 

DOCK  HYDRANTS, 

GARDEN  HYDRANTS 

General   Assortment   of    Engineers'   Findings 

Hooker's    Patent 
Celebrated 

STEAM  PUMP 

jJSThe  Best  and  Most 
Durable  in  use.  AIbo, 
a  variety  of  other 

PUMPS 

For  Mining  and  Fann- 
ing Purposes. 

ROOT'S  BLAST  BLOWERS, 

For  Ventilating  Mines  and  for  Smelting  Works. 
HYDRAULIC    PIPES    AND     NOZZLES, 
•  For  Mining  Purposes. 

Garratt's    Improved     Journal    Metal. 

IMPORTER  OF 

IRON  PIPE  AND  MALLEABLE    IRON    FITTINGS. 

ALL  RINDS  OP 

WORK  AND  COMPOSITION  NAILS, 

AT  LOWEST  RATES. 


CARR0LT0N 
Writing  Papers 

Notes,  Letters,  Legals  and  Foolscaps,  all  weights. 
The  best  Chrap  Paper  in  the  World. 

H.  S.  CROCKER  &  CO. 


C.  C.  Bitner's  Apparatus  for  Obtaining  Met- 
allic Copper  from  its  Solutions. 
Patented  Marcli  18th,  1879.  Will  precipitate  with  steam  in 
three  hours,  requiring  no  machinery  to  run  it.  Cost  of  con- 
structing apparatus,  £75.  The  old  cylinder  process  takes 
four  hour3  to  precipitate  aud  cost9  from  §1,200  to  $1,500  to 
construct,  besides  the  machinery  to  run  it.  For  right  to  use 
my  Precipitator  address  O.  C.  BITNER,  Spenceville,  Ne- 
vada County,  California. 


PATENT- 


Prevents  Lead  Poisoning 
and  Salivation* 


INVALUABLE  jto  those  engaged  in  Dry  Crushing 
Quartz  Mills,  Quicksilver  Mines,  Guano 
Works,    White    Lead    Corroding,    Feeding1 

Threshing  Machines  and  all  occupations  where  the 
surrounding  atmosphere  is  filled  with  dust,  obnoxious 
smells  or  poisonous  vapors.  The  Respirators  are  sold 
subject  to  approval  after  trial,  and  if  not  satisfactory  the 
price  will  dr  refunded.  Price  $3  each,  or  $30  per 
dozen.    Sent  post-paid  to  any  address  upon  receipt  of  price 

SETH  MARSHALL,  Jr.,  Agent, 

309  California  Street,   San  Francisco,  Cat. 

Send  for  Descriptive  Circulars  containing  testimonials 
of  well-known  parties  who  are  at  present  using  them. 


MANUFACTURED  UNDER  A.   NOBEL'S  ORIGINAL  AND  ONLY  VALID  NITROGLYCERINE  PATENTS 

Nos.  ONE,    TWO    and    THREE. 
Stronger,    Better  and  Safer  than  any  other  High  Explosive. 


JuxfLson    Powder 

IS  NOW  USED  IN  ALL  LARGE  HYDRAULIC  CLAIMS. 
It  breaks  more  ground,  pulverizes  it  better,  saves  time  and  money,  and  Is    superseding    the    ordinary 
powder  wherever  it  is  tried.    £3TTriple  Force  Caps  and  all  Grades  of  Fuse. 

BANDMANN,  NIELSEN    &   CO,, 

SAN    FRANCISCO,    CAL. 


VULCAN  BLASTING  POWDER. 

The  Strongest,  Safest,  Most  Uniform  and  Reliable  "HIGH 
EXPLOSIVE"  Manufactured  on  the  Coast. 

MINERS  TESTIFY  THAT  IT  IS    FREE  FROM  OBJECTIONABLE   FUMES. 

We  call  the  attention  of  all  desiring  such  a  Powder  to  our  various  grades,  which 
we  are  prepared  to  sell  at  LOWEbT  RATtS. 

Equalling  Liquid  Nitro-Glycerine  in  Strength.    We  recommend  thia 

■        Grade  in  extremely  hard  rock,  boulders,  iron,  etc. 

O  Will  do  the  work  thoroughly  in  all  but   the   hardest   kinds    of 

^*        rock. 

pipe-clay,  soft  and  shelly    rock,  outside    work 


No. 
No. 
No. 


For   bench  work, 

■        and  quarrying. 


Single  and  Triple  Force  Caps,   Fuse  of  all  Grades,  Vulcan 

Powder  Thawing  Boxes,  Batteries  and  Exploders, 

For  Sale  at  the  Lowest  Bates. 

VULCAN    POWDER    COMPANY, 

Office,  123  California  Street,  Rooms  25  and  26,      -      -      SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 


BOOKS  delating  to  PRACTICAL    SCIENCE. 

Catalogue  Free  by  Mail  on  Application. 
E.    &    F.     N.    SPON,    447    BROOME    STREET.    NEW    YORK. 


Tobacco  Fiber  Pipes,  15c,  81.25  a  Dozen.  Match  Boxes.  20c.  and  25c.  Horse  Shoe  Inkstands 
very  unique,  82.50;  S20  a  Dozen.  Steel  Watcn  Chains,  new  designs,  15c. ;  SI. 25  a  dozen.  Sensation  Fin- 
ger Traps,  first-class  trick,  25c. ;  $1.50  a  dozen.  Chinese  Sniral  Puzzle  20c. ;  81  25  a  dozen.  A  first-class 
Four-Bladed  Pocket  Knife  70c  Coin-Holders,  to  hold  $5,  20c. ;  $1.25  a  doz.  A  Good  Imitation 
Russian  Leather  Pocket  Book,  50c.  Magic  Two-Cent  Boxes  25c, ;  81. 75  a  dozen.  Samples  Post-paid. 
Stamp  for  Circular,     lc.,  2c,  or  3c.  Stamps  taken  in  payment.     W.  D.  HaMMITT,  97  Clermont  Ave.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 


A.  S.  HALLIDiE, 

^niayMreet, 


Office,  No.  6  Ca 


r  in  all  hind* of 

Iron  M  Steel  Wire  Rope, 

Flat  and  Round,  for  MiningJ$hippmg, 
Hoisting  and  Gjp&yHfeposes. 

Having  thymogfr  cqjfiplcte  JfcartTeitoDsivo 
Wiia*Riite  Wfcrks  id  tbc>Hnited  States,  I  am 
p»pwe(«oinISiifiJtture  Wire  Rope  and  Cable, 
of  an^lcngta  or  rise  at  short  notice,  and  guar- 
antee the  quality  and  -workmanship  equal  to 
ury  made  at  home  or  abrga£->v 

Iron,  Steel  ~a^&kva).ized  Wire 

-    Of  all&aea  o\  Kab<\or-iuado  to  order, 

BarljeitTence 

Sole  Proprj 

HalMe£-rE3 

I"rfthJ(rT*iepo\atlcJrof  Croat  Eta 
*2rSencrVfl>r  avircnUr. 

A.  S.  HALLIDIE. 

Gfllee,  No.  O  California  St..  «»■>  Eranclsc* 


This  paper  ia  printed  with  Ink  furnished  by 
Chas.  Eneu  Johnson  &  Co.,  509  South  10th 
St.,  Philadelphia  &  59  Gold  St.,  N.  Y. 


•  GARDNERS' 

Celebrated 


rnor 


These  Steam  Governors  have  long 
been  known  as  THE  BEST,  and 
as  lately  Improved  and  Per- 
fected, they  have  no  Rival. 

THE    SAFETY     STOP 

On  these  Governors  is  alone  worth  double  the  price  of 
the  Governor,    We  have  sold  over  six  hundred,  and 

Never  one  has  Failed. 

They  are  sold  at  the  same  price  (or  less)  as  ordluary 
Governors.    Send  for  Circular.     . 

BERRY  &   PLACE, 

Market,  head  of  Front  St.,  San  Francisco 


A  CHEAP  QUARTZ    MILL. 

The  Mexican  Arastra  Americanized 

So  as  to  pulverize  five  times  as  fast  and  amalgamate  as 
perfect.    Call  and  see  it  or  send  for  Circulars. 

ALMABIN  B.  PAUL, 
Room  20,  Safe  Deposit  Building,  San  Francisco. 


3V    i>£3WKY    A,    CO., 

I"*ulil  Khci's. 


SAN  FRANCISCO,  SATURDAY,  MAY  17,  1879. 


VOLUME    3  XXVIII 

IVuntber    20. 


Geysers. 

Prof.  Joseph  LeConte  in  hia  recently  pub- 
lished work,  "Elements  of  Geology"  (Apple- 
ton  &  Co.),  in  speaking  of  geysers,  says;  In 
magnificence  of  geyser  displays,  however,  Ice- 
land ib  far  surpassed  by  the  geyser  basin 
of  the  Firehole  river.  This  wonderful  geyser 
region  is  situated  in  the  northwest  corner  of 
Wyoming,  on  an  elevated  volcanic  plateau  near 
the  headwaters  of  the  Madison  river,  a  tribu- 
tary of  the  Missouri,  and  of  the  Snake  river,  a 
tributary  of  the  Columbia.  The  basin  is  only 
about  three  miles  wide.  About  it  are  abun- 
dant evidences  of  prodigious  volcanic  activity, 
secondary  volcanic  phenomena  being  developed 
on  a  stupendous  scale,  and  of  every  kind,  viz: 
Hot  springs,  carbonated  springs,  fumaroles, 
mud-volcanoes  and  geysers.  In  this  vicinity 
are  more  than  10,000  vents  of  all  kinds.  In 
some  places,  as  on  Gardner's  river,  the  hot 
springs  are  mostly  lime-depositing,  and  in 
others,  as  on  Firehole  river,  they  are  geysers 
depositing  silica. 

In  the  upper  geyBer  basin,  the  valley  is  cov- 
ered with  a  snowy  deposit  from  the  hot  geyser 
waters.  The  surface  of  the  mound-like,  chim- 
ney-like and  hive-like  elevations,  immediately 
surrounding  the  vents,  is,  in  some  cases,  orna- 
mented in  the  most  exquisite  manner  by  depos- 
its of  the  same,  in  the  form  of  scolloped  em- 
broidery Bet  with  pearly  tubercles;  in  others, 
the  silicious  deposits  take  the  most  fantastic 
forms.  In  some  places  the  •silica  is  deposited 
in  large  quantities,  three  or  four  inches  deep,  in 
a  gelatinous  condition,  like  starch  paste. 
Trunks  and  branches  of  trees  immersed  in  these 
waters  are  speedily  petrified. 

We  give  an  engraving  of  one  of  these  gey- 
sers, taken  from  Prof,  LeConte's  book.  It  rep- 
resents the  Bee-hive,  so-called  from  the  shape 
of  its  mound.  This  geyBer  shoots  up  a  splendid 
column,  two  or  three  feet  in  diameter,  and  to 
the  hight  by  measurement  of  219  feet,  and 
I  plays  15  minutes  each  time. 

The  Woodruff  Scientific  Expedition. 

This  expedition  which  has  been  before  the 
public  for  over  a  year  in  vain  attempts  to  make 
it  a  Bucoess,  has  at  last  wholly  and  finally 
collapsed.  The  reasons  are  that  there  has  been 
an  almost  total  want  of  support  and  in  addition 
an  almost  total  failure  on  the  part  of  those  who 
did  promise  to  come  up  at  the  proper  time  with 
their  subscriptions.  There  were  several  serious 
drawbacks  to  the  expedition  which  will  satis- 
factorily account  for  the  want  of  patronage. 
First,  the  expense.  The  fare  for  the  round  trip 
was  fixed  at  82,500.  This,  in  itself,  was  enough 
to  bar  the  larger  class  of  people,  and  left  the 
expedition  to  be  patronized  almost  wholly  by 
the  sons  of  the  very  rich.  Second,  the  practical 
light  in  which  the  cost  of  such  an  expedition 
would  compare,  with  the  same  amount  of  money 
expended  on  education  at  home.  The  factB 
bear  out  the  assumption  that  the  average  per- 
son of  means,  who  alone  could  afford  such  ex- 
penditure, is  not  blind  to  the  fact  that 
pleasure  and  work,  sight-seeing  and  study,  are 
not  wholly  compatible  with  each  other,  and 
that  he  hesitates  at  the  possible  danger  of 
Bending  his  sons  so  far  away,  exposing  them  to 
the  dangers  of  the  ocean,  and  removing  them 
from  all  restraining  influence  except  the  untried 
discipline  of  a  floating  faculty.  The  expedition 
has  already  cost  no  little  time  and  money  and 
its  projectors  will  undoubtedly  lose  heavily. 


Fine  Gold. — Mr.  Louis  Blandiug,  during  a 
recent  raining  trip  to  Tuolumne  county,  had 
his  attention  called  to  the  exceptionally  high 
fineness  and  value  per  ounce  of  the  gold  from 
the  "San  Guisseppi"  quartz  mine,  near  the 
town  of  Sonora.  He  tells  us  that  in  his  experi- 
ence of  20  years  he  has  never  known  or  heard 
of  quartz  gold  going  to  978  fine,  equal  to  $20. 24 
per  ounce.  This  result  was  given  by  a  lot 
worked  in  his  own  mill,  and  it  is  sufficiently  in- 
teresting from  its  rarity  to  make  a  note  of. 


The  Sutro  Tunnel— What  we   May  Ex- 
pect from  It 

That  the  Sutro  tunnel  will  be  of  great  advant- 
age to  the  ComBtock  mines,  as  a  means  of  free- 
ing them  more  readily  of  water,  cannot  be  dis- 
puted. That  the  ores  from  these  mines  will 
ever  be  brought  out  through  this  adit,  is  not, 
however,  quite  so  clear.  The  length  of  this 
tunnel,  from  its  entrance  to  its  point  of  inter- 
section with  the  ComBtock  lode,  is  four  miles. 
From  the  latter  point  to  the  different  mines 
along  the  lode,  the  distance  is,  of  course,  vari- 
able, but  will  average  (say)  one  mile,  making 
the  total  distance  from  the  mines  to  the  mouth 
of  the  tunnel  five  miles,  to  be  traversed  by  cars. 
If  large  quantities  of  ore  are  hereafter  found  in 


The  Freaks  of  Commerce. 

The  cargo  of  the  ship  Three  Brothers,  lately 
dispatched  from  New  York  for  this  port,  con- 
sisted in  part  of  a  tolerably  heavy  invoice  of 
lye,  soda,  saleratus  and  brimstone,  bo  the  tele- 
graph informs  us.  Now,  if  there  are  any 
minerals  of  which  we  have  here  on  this  coast 
a  superabundance — have  in  unnecessarily  and 
disgustingly  large  quantity,  so  to  speak,  they 
consist  of  these  same  stuffs  so  about  to  be  im- 
ported on  the  good  ship  Three  Brothers.  Talk 
of  carrying  coal  to  Newcastle  !  There  is  com- 
mercial sense  in  that  compared  with  shipping 
the  above  commodities  to  San  Francisco.  One 
would  think  soda  might  as  well  be  sent  to  the 
Dead  Sea  and  sulphur  to  the  bottomless  pit  as 


THE    BEE-HIVE    GEYSER. 


these  mines  it  will  lie  below  the  level  of  the 
Sutro  tunnel,  necessitating  the  use  of  hoisting 
works  to  lift  it  to  that  level.  Works  having 
sufficient  capacity  to  perform  this  service  have 
already  been  supplied  to  many  of  these  mines, 
and  through  the  employment  of  which  great 
quantities  of  ore  can  be  cheaply  and  quickly 
brought  to  the  surface.  With  these  appliances 
already  on  hand,  or  easily  provided,  it  is  hardly 
to  be  supposed  that  the  ores  will  be  loaded  into 
cars  and  forced  to  make  a  journey  of  five  miles 
to  a  point  of  exit.  This  would  be  attended  with 
too  much  delay,  if  not  ako  with  increased  cost. 
And  so  also  in  the  matter  of  taking  the  work- 
men in  and  out  of  the  mines.  To  pass  them 
through  the  tunnel  would  be  wholly  impractic- 
able. They  will  have  to  be  lifted  and  lowered, 
as  at  present,  by  steam.  The  Sutro  tunnel  will 
be  of  great  benefit  to  these  mines  in  the  way 
pointed  out.  It  will  also,  in  some  slight  degree, 
help  promote  their  ventilation;  but  it  is  not 
worth  while  to  claim  for  it  more  than  it  can  ac- 
complish— of  this  we  have  had  enough  already. 


Parties  from  San  Francisco  are  looking  at 
the  black-sand  gold  diggings  at  Gray's  Harbor. 
These  have  been  prospected  and  not  found  to 
pay  in  the  past. 


to  be  shipped  out  here.  We  have  in  Nevada, 
and  not  far  from  the  railroad,  sulphur  enough 
to  supply  every  modern  demand.  As  for  the 
alkaline  salts,  we  have  deposits  over  there  that 
have  never  been  measured,  simply  because  their 
extent  is  immeasurable.  There  are  a  good 
many  thousand  acres  of  them,  anyhow  !  But 
this  is  like  our  economy !  There  is,  however, 
one  redeeming  feature  in  the  case  of  these  sul- 
phur and  soda  importations :  they  were  not 
originally  products  of  this  country,  sent  away, 
and  having  made  half  the  circuit  of  the  globe, 
coming  back,  after  the  manner  of  quicksilver, 
which  metal  we  have  lately  been  in  the  habit 
of  freighting  over  to  China,  selling  it  there, 
then  buying  it  up,  reshipping  it  to  this  port 
and  here  supplying  it  to  the  local  trade  at  satis- 
factory figures — all  of  which  eccentricities  are 
mysteries  to  the  unmercantile  mind. 

The  great  Ford-Holden  mining  suit,  involv- 
ing several  million  dollars,  and  which  has  cost 
the  parties  to  the  suit  565,000,  has  been  settled, 
and  all  claims  against  the  old  Telegraph  mine 
have  been  released. 

A  lottery  is  to  be  organized  in  France  to 
raise  a  fund  for  the  completion  of  the  Statue  of 
Liberty  presented  to  the  United  States, 


The  Quartz  Mines  of  California  and  the 
Blue  Ridge  Belt. 

In  reply  to  a  letter  from  the  East  inquiring 
whether  the  Providence  mine  near  Nevada  City, 
in  this  State,  is  being  worked  below  water  line 
and  if  the  sulphurets  can  be  profitably  treated, 
the  Transcript  answers  in  the  affirmative, 
remarking  at  some  length  upon  the  comparative 
merits  of  the  California  quartz  mines  and  those 
situated  on  the  Blue  Ridge  gold  belt,  reaching 
from  Virginia  to  Georgia.  In  addition  to  what 
that  journal  has  said  in  this  connection  it  would 
have  been  pertinent  to  show  how  insignificant 
the  product  of  this  Blue  Ridge  belt  appears 
beside  that  made  by  the  quartz  mines  of  Cali- 
fornia. Among  the  Atlantic  States  that  have 
yielded  gold  enough  to  make  a  record  are  Vir- 
ginia, Georgia,  the  Carolinas,  Tennessee  and 
Alabama.  The  business  in  that  region  was  be- 
gun over  70  years  ago,  and  has  been  prosecuted 
steadily  ever  since,  in  some  localities  on  quite 
an  extended  and  in  others  on  a  more  limited 
scale.  The  total  value  of  the  gold  produced  in 
these  States  to  date,  as  returned  to  the  mint, 
amounts  to  about  $32,000,000.  As  this  repre- 
sents fully  90%  of  the  entire  production  made, 
the  latter  may  be  set  down  at  $35,000,000,  being 
at  the  average  rate  of  §500,000  per  year  since 
the  business  of  gold  gathering  was  first  com- 
menced there.  As  we  have  in  this  State  single 
mines  that  yield  annually  a  much  larger  sum, 
this  Blue  Ridge  country  makes,  in  the  above, 
but  a  sorry  showing  compared  with  the  aggre- 
gate output  of  California. 

What  the  Transcript  says  in  regard  to  the 
greater  tractability  and  value  of  our  ores  is 
much  to  the  purpose.  The  free  milling  <~res 
from  the  Providence  and  other  mineB  on  that 
lode  have  averaged  $27. 50  per  ton,  exclusive  of 
the  sulphurets,  of  which  there  are  two  grades, 
class  No.  1  containing  over  $100  to  the  ton,  and 
class  No.  2  containing  from  $25  to  $30  per  ton. 
These  ores  carry,  in  various  proportions,  lead, 
iron,  antimony,  arsenic  and  sulphur,  with  a 
little  zinc  and  copper.  That  they  can  be  worked 
with  profit  is  evidenced  by  the  fact  that  they 
carry  such  a  large  amount  of  free  gold,  nor  have 
the  sulphurets  been  found  especially  hard  to 
treat. 

Of  the  hundreds  of  mines  that  have  in  times 
past  been  opened  along  the  Blue  Ridge  belt, 
not  more  than  five  are  said  to  have  yielded  any 
profit  below  the  water  line,  on  account  of  the 
extremely  refractory  character  of  their  ores, 
which  contain  zinc,  carbonates,  oxides  and 
sulphurets  of  copper,  with  arsenic,  antimony, 
iron  and  sulphur,  and  possess  the  bad  charac- 
teristics of  growing  more  rebellious  with  depth. 
They  have,  in  fact,  shown  themselves  so 
unmanageable  that  only  in  a  few  cases  have 
they  been  worked  successfully.  Then,  too, 
they  occur,  as  a  general  thing,  only  in  nests, 
small  and  uncertain,  while  they  are  quite  uni- 
formly of  very  low  grade,  containing  on  an 
average  hardly  more  than  one-fourth  as  much 
gold  as  our  California  ores.  Surely  those  having 
capital  to  embark  in  this  branch  of  mining  had 
better  seek  California  as  a  field  for  investment, 
than  to  venture  their  money  in  a  quarter  so 
difficult  and  hazardous  as  this  Blue  Belt  region. 

Producing  Mines  on  the  Comstock.  — 
The  product  of  buUion  made  by  the  Comstock 
mines  during  the  first  quarter  of  the  current 
year  amounts  to  $2,372,230,  as  against  $10,358,- 
900  during  a  corresponding  period  in  1878,  and 
$7,549,500  in  1877-  This  is  a  startling  falling 
off  and  is  made  the  more  impressive  by  the  fact 
that  the  ores  taken  out  have  meantime  been 
growing  steadily  poorer.  Of  the  bullion  taken 
out  this  year,  nearly  two  hundred  thousand 
dollars  has  come  from  the  taUings  worked  over, 
and  which  have  also  been  tending  constantly  to 
a  lower  grade.  The  only  mines  on  the  Com- 
stock range  from  which  ore  is  now  being  taken 
in  any  quantity  are  the  California,  Consolidated 
Virginia,  the  Ophir  and  the  Sierra  Nevada, 
the  Trojan,  Justice,  Con.  Imperial  and  Chollar 
yielding  small  quantities  in  an  irregular  way. 

Promising  diggings  have  been  discovered  on 
Dutch  creek,  Nev, 


314 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[May  17,  1879. 


CORRESPONDENCE. 


We  admit,  unendorsed,  opinions  of  correspondents. — Eds. 


On  the  Great  Continental  Divide. 

The  Wilderness  at  the  Head  of  the  Missouri, 
Columbia  and  the  Colorado  Rivers. 
[Written  for  the  Pkesh  by  Charles  F.  Blackburn.] 
Having  spent  the  greater  portion  of  the  past 
two  years  prospecting  in  the  country  lying 
about  the  head  waters  of  the  Yellowstone  and 
the  other  great  rivers  that  have  their  sources  in 
the  Wind  River  mountains,  I  send  herewith 
for  publication  in  the  Press  some  hastily  pre- 
pared remarks  on  the  region  so  traversed  and 
explored,  and  some  portions  which  had  probably 
not  before  been  passed  over  by  any  white  man. 
Though  mainly  in  search  of  metalliferous  de- 
posits, I  found  much  in  the  other  natural  prod- 
ucts of  that  vast  wilderness  as  well  as  iD  its 
geology,  scenery  and  other  physical  features, 
calculated  to  interest  both  the  practical  and 
the  scientific  mind. 

The  Bigr  Horn  Mountains  —  Geology  and 
Topography. 
Touching  the  geology  of  the  country  in  the 
vicinity  of  the  Big  Horn  mountains,  it  may  be 
observed  that  the  usual  calcareous  and  arena- 
ceous rocks  are  here  found,  varying  in  geolog- 
ical ages  from  the  azoic  to  the  tertiary  deposits. 
Many  of  these  strata  are  highly  fossiliferous,  in- 
cluding a  great  variety  of  fossils  of  aquatic 
origin.  No  fossil  fauna  was  seen  near  the  base 
of  the  range,  but  east  of  the  mountains  in  the 
lignitic  tertiary  beds,  the  remains  of  petrified 
mammals  were  noticed.  The  stratum  of  the 
carboniferous  age  occurs  on  both  sides  of  the 
range  near  its  base,  both  anthracite  and  bitu- 
minous coal  being  found  in  abundance.  Moun- 
tain limestone  or  the  sub-carboniferous  strata 
envelops  the  mountains  to  an  elevation  of  2,000 
feet  above  the  base,  where  they  break  down 
abruptly  to  the  azoic  rocks,  thus  the  crystalline 
rocks  appear  at  an  altitude  of  9,000  feet  above 
the  ocean,  and  compose  the  more  elevated  parts 
of  the  range.  Near  the  summit  a  compact, 
fine-grained  grayish  granite  predominates,  which 
is  occasionally  varied  by  belts  of  gneiss  aud 
patches  of  mica  schist.  At  the  south  end  of  the 
range  at  its  junction  with  the  Rattlesnake 
range,  mica  and  talcose  slate  are  found  travers- 
ing the  granitic  rocks.  But  little  quartz  occurs 
on  the  western  slope,  either  in  situ  or  as  float. 
The  eastern  slope,  however,  shows  considerable 
quartz  in  weU-defined  ledges,  usually  of  a  gray 
color  and  often  ferruginous.  Some  of  these 
lodes  proved  to  be  auriferous,  but  the  gold  was 
in  such  small  quantities  generally  as  to  not  de- 
fray expenses  of  mining.  The  highest  eleva- 
tions in  the  Big  Horn  range  are  Cloud  peak  and 
Hayes  peak,  which  reach  an  altitude  of  13,500 
feet.  Several  other  peaks  reach  an  altitude 
above  13,000  feet.  The  length  of  the  crystalline 
rocks,  of  this  range  is  200  miles,  their  greatest 
width  which  is  atOIoudpeak,being25  miles.  The 
range  is  Bevered  at  the  north  end  by  the  grand 
canyon  of  the  Big  Horn  river,  which  presents  a 
scene  of  rugged  grandeur,  with  its  walls  stand- 
ing vertically  fuUy  3,000  feet  high.  The  length 
of  this  canyon  is  nearly  40  miles,  and  for 
sublimity  and  picturesqueness  of  scenery,  it 
rivals  that  of  the  famous  grand  canyon  of  the 
Yellowstone,  in  the  National  park.  In  the  Big 
Horn  mountains  colors  of  gold  can  be  obtained 
from  nearly  all  the  streams,  especially  from  an 
alluvial  deposit  of  quartz  wash  around  the  foot- 
hills. This  deposit  shows  infinite  attrition,  and 
is  evidently  not  indigenous  to  the  crystalline 
rocks  of  the  Big  Horn  range.  This  foreign  de- 
posit in  all  eases  proved  to  be  auriferous,  which 
is  not  always  the  case  with  the  original  deposits 
from  the  cystalline  rocks  of  this  range.  Taking 
these  facts  into  consideration  I  arrive  at  the 
conclusion  that  the  gold  found  about  the  Big 
Horn  is  not  all  from  that  range,  but  that  most 
of  it  is  derived  from  this  ancient  wash,  which  I 
subsequently  traced  to  the  head  of  Wind  river 
through  Union  pass  and  down  the  Snake.  The 
idea  was  generally  entertained  by  our  prospect- 
ing miners  that  the  fine  colors  of  gold  found 
around  the  base  of  the  Big  Horn  range  came 
originally  from  some  auriferous  belt  in  those 
mountains.  We  are  now  in  possession  of 
geological  evidence,  however,  that  disproves 
this  theory.  Gold  in  smaU  or  even  paying 
quantities  may  yet  be  found  in  these  mountains, 
but  extensive  deposits  can  hardly  exist  there 
without  showing  some  indications  of  its  entity. 
Metal  Deposits  of  the  Snowy  Mountains. 
In  the  Snow  mountains,  between  Clark's  fork 
and  the  Yellowstone,  indications  are  more 
favorable  for  both  gold  and  silver.  The  origi- 
nal rocks  here  are  as  follows  :  Gneiss,  granite, 
syenite,  trachyte,  porphyry,  mica  and  talco 
slate;  while  along  the  southwest  base  volcanic 
tufas  occur.  At  the  head  of  Soda  Butte  creek 
argentiferous  galena  is  found,  which  yields  a 
fair  percentage  of  silver.  Some  of  these  deposits 
are  being  developed  by  Judge  Annis  and  others. 
Auriferous  ores  are  found  in  situ  on  Emigrant 
and  Bear  gulches,  also  fair  indications  on 
Hell-Roaring  creek.  On  the  northern  slope 
extensive  deposits  of  native  copper  occur  near 
some  trap  dikes.  Below  the  canyon  of  Clark's 
fork  some  interesting  fossiliferous  deposits  exist 


in  the  calcarious  sedimentary  rocks.  The  strata 
here  upturned  vertically  presents  to  view  the 
organic  remains  of  p'ast  ages  in  such  bold  relief, 
as  should  make  this  an  entertaining  field  for  the 
geological  scientist.  Both  vertebrate  and 
invertebrate  remains  were  noticed  here  at  vari- 
ous points.  Several  peaks  in  this  Snowy  range 
reach  an  altitude  of  13,500  feet.  Conspicious 
among  these,  towers  the  Russian  Crown,  with 
its  snowy  crest  bearing  incipient  glaciers,  and 
veiled  in  the  shroud  of  perpetual  congelation; 
a  fit  home  for  the  ice  king. 

Sierra  Shoshone  Mountains. 

The  Sierra  Shoshone  range  begins  at  the  head 
of  Soda  Butte  creek  and  extends  south  to  the 
head  of  Wind  river,  a  distance  of  about  150 
miles.  Pretty  thorough  observations  and  pros- 
pecting were  made  here.  The  geological  forma- 
tion consists  principally  of  volcanic  rocks, 
basaltic  and  doleritic  lavas,  andesite  and  lava 
tufas,  or  a  kind  of  volcanic  conglomerate.  On 
the  South  fork  of  Stinking  Water  a  belt  of  gneis- 
soid  granite  exists,  containing  many  ledges  of 
base  ores,  but  no  metalliferous  deposits  of 
value.  At  the  mouth  of  the  lower  canyon 
near  an  offensive  smelling  sulphur  spring  (from 
which  the  name  Stinking  Water  originated)  I 
found  as  much  as  25  cents  to  the  pan  on  bed- 
rock, but  only  in  very  limited  quantity  :  origin 
evidently  in  the  lower  canyon  range  from 
quartzose,  granitic  rocks  or  silicious  granite. 

At  the  head  of  the  Middle  fork  of  Clark's 
fork  some  cuperiferous  ores  were  obtained  in 
situ  near  an  extinct  volcano.  The  deposits  are 
argentiferous,  and  seemed  inextensive.  On 
the  North  fork  of  Stinking  Water  colors  of  gold 
can  be  found  :  origin  either  from  the  trap  rocks 
or  the  crystalline  rocks,  prior  to  the  great  trap 
eruption  which  has  intruded  on  or  capped  the 
primitive  rocks.  Petrified  wood  was  also 
found  on  this  stream  containing  grains  of  iron 
(sideroferite).  In  this  vicinity  the  mountains 
present  a  unique  and  striking  scenery,  the 
geological  formation  consisting  of  trap  dikes, 
resulting  from  a  great  outflow  of  lava  which  has 
here  accumulated  in  mountain  masses.  Floods 
of  water  have  subsequently  cut  through  these 
with  irresistible  force,  leaving  isolated  pinnacles 
and  towers  standing  like  great  sculptured 
images.  Showers  of  volcanic  sand  containing 
much  oxide  of  iron  have  covered  the  tops  of  the 
strange  objects,  which  viewed  from  a  neighbor- 
ing hight  look  like  gigantic  columns  standing 
amidst  the  ruins  of  a  great  city. 

On  the  western  slope  of  the  Shoshone  range 
volcanic  glass  is  common,  this  substance  being 
also  found  extensively  in  the  National  park. 
Standing  in  this  range  are  several  peaks  having 
an  elevation  above  13,000  feet.  Four  extinct 
volcanoes  were  here  discovered,  from  some  of 
which  the  sulphurous  gases  are  yet  escaping; 
native  sulphur  being  abundant  in  their  craters. 
Among  the  noted  elevations  of  this  range  are 
Index  and  Pilot  peaks,  and  Mt.*Langford  and 
the  Washakee  Needles.  The  Owl  Creek  range 
is  a  spur  of  the  Shoshone  mountains,  which, 
with  the  Rattlesnake  range,  connects  the  Big 
Horn  with  the  Shoshone  mountains.  These  two 
spurs  are  divided  by  the  canyon  of  Wind  river, 
their  summits  being  only  9,000  feet  high.  Their 
trend  is  east  and  west,  but  the  rocks  are  strati- 
fied in  a  northerly  and  southerly  direction.  The 
formation  consists  principally  of  metamorphic 
schistose  rocks,  quartz  being  also  found  in 
abundance.  In  panning  the  alluvial  deposits 
colors  of  gold  were  obtained ;  also  garnets,  rabies, 
rutile,  crystals  of  zircon,  fragments  of  itacoln- 
mite  and  other  associated  minerals  found  gener- 
ally with  diamond  deposits;  none  of  the  latter 
crystals  were,  however,  found,  though  their  ex- 
istence in  this  vicinity  is  not  a  geological 
imposibility.  Owing  to  the  inclement  weather 
thorough  explorations  could  not  be  made,  but  I 
shall  resume  operations  in  this  field  in  the  near 
future. 

The  Wind  River  Mountains. 

The  Wind  River  group  of  mountains  may 
properly  be  termed  the  American  Alps.  This 
region  is  one  of  great  interest  as  illustrating 
the  marvelous  effects  of  the  dynamical  force 
when  used  in  mountain  making.  All  along  the 
range  occur  sharp  spurs  narrowing  as  they  rise 
till  they  seem  as  thin  as  a  knife  blade.  Isolated 
peaks  inaccessible  to  man;  deep  chasms  filled 
with  snow  and  ice  which  never  melt;  alpine 
bights,  awe-inspiring  and  wearing  their  glacial 
crowns  in  majestic  silence;  huge  blocks  of 
gneiss  and  granite  hills  are  seen  on  every  hand. 
The  crystalline  rocks  at  the  north  end  of  the 
range  are  composed  principally  of  granite, 
gneiss,  trachyte,  syenite  and  feldspar,  while  at 
the  south  end  the  slates  appear.  Here  quite  an 
extensive  auriferous  belt  exists  which  has 
afforded  fair  mining  ground  for  several  years. 
Gold  also  occurs  on  the  numerous  streams  of  the 
Wind  River  drainage.  The  water  at  the  head 
of  Green  river  is  slightly  tinged  with  a  fine 
powder  produced  by  the  moving  glaciers  crush- 
ing the  rocks  near  the  summit  of  the  range.  No 
gold  was  found  on  this  stream  in  the  mountains. 
The  altitude  of  Union  peak  is  about  13,000  feet. 
Green  River— An  Extensive  Hydraulic  Gold 
Field. 

Although  their  elevation  is  not  very  great, 
these  Wind  River  mountains  constitute  the 
grand  divide  of  all  our  great  continental  rivers. 
Their  southern  slope  is  drained  by  Green  river, 
while  at  their  western  base  the  Grosventre  fork 
of  Snake  river  gathers  a  great  mass  of  water  to 
be  carried  forward  and  emptied  into  the  Colum- 
bia. Their  northern  slope  is  drained  by  Wind 
river,  which,  through  the  Big  Horn  and  the 
Yellowstone,  becomes  tributary  to  the  turbid 
Missouri.  The  greatest  elevation  in  the  Wind 
River  mountains  is  a  peak  lying  southeast  from 


Union,  its  hight  being  a  little  over  14,000  feet 
above  the  ocean  level.  Several  others  near  this 
one  have  an  altitude  nearly  as  great.  Immense 
glaciers  were  discovered  here,  also  perpetual 
frozen  lakes,  the  ice  being  still  firm  in  the 
month  of  August.  Between  the  Grosventre  and 
Buffalo  fork  of  Snake  river  auriferous  gravel 
exists,  probably  in  paying  quantities.  The  area 
of  this  auriferous  tract  is  20  miles  wide  and  40 
miles  long,  and  extends  as  far  west  as  the 
Teton  range.  Being  evidently  an  oceanic  de- 
posit, this  wash  shows  infinite  attrition,  even 
the  boulders  being  polished  by  long  transporta- 
tion from  their  original  situation — origin  un- 
known, but  evidently  in  the  northwest  moun- 
tain ranges.  This  wash  is  of  variable  depth 
and  is  wholly  oomposed  of  quartz.  The  nucleus, 
or  the  rocks  from  which  this  quartz  originated, 
especially  that  which  accompanies  the  wash, 
has  been  reduced  to  sand  by  attrition,  only  the 
quartz  having  resisted  pulverization.  From  the 
prospects  obtained  here  I  judge  that  much  of 
this  ground  might  be  profitably  worked  by  the 
hydraulic  process,  as  water  is  plentiful,  but  it 
would  not  pay  by  any  other  method  of  hand- 
ling. 

The  Snake  river  drainage  has  cut  many  can- 
yons through  this  tvash,  the  eroded  matter 
having  been  carried  down  and  deposited  along 
that  stream.  This  is  doubtless  the  origin  of  the 
flour  gold  found  on  the  lower  Snake,  which  has 
afforded  remunerative  mining  ground  for  a 
number  of  years.  This  great  auriferous  debris 
at  the  head  of  the  river  lies  on  lime  and  sand- 
stone rocks.  The  deposition  was  made  evi- 
dently prior  to  the  upheaval  of  the  main  divide, 
as  it  caps  the  summit  at  Union  Pass  and  ex- 
tends down  Wind  river  quite  a  distance.  But 
it  does  not  contain  gold  in  such  large  propor- 
tions as  the  gravels  of  the  Pacific  slope.  I 
would  not  advise  miners  to  go  to  that  country 
unless  they  possess  sufficient  capital  to  open 
and  operate  hydraulic  grounds.  In  the  Teton 
range  the  crystalline  gold-bearing  rocks  abound, 
and  some  auriferous  ores  were  here  found  in  situ. 
Owing  to  the  lateness  of  the  season  and  the  in- 
clement weather,  thorough  exploration  of  that 
district  could  not  be  made,  but  I  intend  to  re- 
turn to  it  and  determine  its  value  for  mining 
purposes.  The  Teton  is  one  of  the  most  wild 
and  rugged  ranges  on  this  continent.  Mt.  Hay- 
den  and  Mt.  Moran  are  the  highest  elevations 
there,  the  former  being  the  keystone  of  the 
range.  This  Alpine  peak  culminates  at  an  alti- 
tude of  nearly  13,900  feet,  and  is  visible  from 
nearly  all  parts  of  the  National  park. 
Barometrical  Observations. 

The  following  altitudes  were  noted  in  these 
several  mountain  ranges,  with  observations  on 
vegetation,  etc.,  between  latitude  42°  and  46° 
north:  The  main  elevation  only  is  given;  the 
difference  in  the  extremes  between  the  north 
and  south  slopes  of  the  mountains  exceeding 
often  1,000  feet.  Incipient  evergreens,  G,000 
feet  above  the  ocean;  limits  of  foliaceous  trees, 
9,500  feet;  gramineous  vegetation,  10,000  feet 
(which  is  also  the  limit  of  evergreen  trees); 
foliaceous  shrubbery,  11,000  feet;  of  evergreen 
shrubbery,  11,500  feet;  limits  of  alpine  flowers 
and  herbaceous  vegetation,  12,000  feet;  per- 
petual frozen  lakes  and  incipient  glaciers,  13,000 
feet;  pseudo-meteoric  dust  or  red  snow  (pal- 
metto, rosea  of  the  English  writers)  is  visible  at 
an  altitude  of  13,000  feet;  glaciers  of  vast  ex- 
tent exist  between  13.000  and  14,000  feet  above 
the  ocean,  especially  in  the  Wind  River  moun- 
tains. Close  attention  was  given  to  timber  line 
in  this  country,  and  wherever  noticed  I  found 
trunks  of  dead  trees  above  those  of  the  living; 
unmistakable  evidence  of  increasing  cold. 
Another  notable  feature  near  timber  line  on  the 
north  slopes  of  the  Wind  River  range,  was  that 
the  trees,  insteadof  standing  vertically,  are  found 
leaning  to  the  southeast,  being  occasioned  by 
the  terrible  winds  that  blow  here  from  the 
northwest. 

Zoology. 

The  fauna  of  this  country  does  not  differ 
materially  from  that  of  other  parts  of  the  Rocky 
mountains.  Buffalo  are  found  in  large  herds 
through  the  Big  Horn  mountains,  but  they  are 
being  rapidly  exterminated  by  the  Indians. 
Elk  and  mountain  sheep  are  very  plentiful 
through  all  the  ranges  of  the  Yellowstone  coun- 
try, being  generally  found  near  the  snow  in  the 
summer,  where  the  grass  is  new  and  tender. 
The  mountain  goat  (Aplocenis  mountanus)  was 
not  observed  in  any  of  the  ranges,  but  has  been 
reported  by  Indians  to  exist  in  the  mountains 
farther  north.  Only  two  specimens  of  the 
moose  were  seen.  Deer  are  very  plentiful,  an- 
telope being  generally  found  around  the  foothills 
and  on  the  plains  in  large  herds,  also  in  the 
National  park.  No  gazelle  were  found  here, 
but  in  the  Black  Hills  before  populated  I  shot 
several  of  this  species  of  deer,  they  being  numer- 
ous on  the  Belle  Fourche  river.  Bear  are  very 
abundant  in  this  region.  In  the  Big  Horn 
range  I  have  seen  as  many  as  20  in  one  day. 
They  are  of  four  kinds,  generally  known  as  the 
Rocky  Mountain  grizzly,  cinnamon,  black  and 
silver  tip.  Mr.  H.  R.  Wormwood  and  myself 
on  ascending  a  peak  in  the  Sierra  Shoshone 
range  last  July,  saw  10  bear  at  one  sight,  two 
of  them  which  we  shot.  They  were  feeding  on 
the  ubiquitous  grasshopper.  The  snow  in  these 
high  altitudes  is, sometimes  black  with  these 
insects,  which  get  so  thoroughly  chilled  after 
alighting,  that  they  are  unable  to  fly  away. 
The  plaintive  bleat  of  the  little  coney  (Lagomys 
princeps)  was  heard  on  all  sides,  above  an 
altitude  of  10,000  feet,  and  so  far  as  I  could 
ascertain,  this  rabbit  lives  at  a  greater  elevation 
during  the  winter  than  any  other  animal.  It 
was  found  in  the  all  local  ranges  near  the  limits 


of  vegetation.  The  mountain  lion,  wolf,  coyote, 
lynx  and  a  great  variety  of  the  minor  carnivor- 
ous genera  inhabit  this  region.  The  chief  fur- 
bearing  animals  indigenous  here  are  the  black 
and  silver  gray  fox,  otter  and  beaver.  Baird's 
rabbit  (Lepus  Bardi)  is  met  with  in  the  Big 
Horn,  Shoshone  and  Snowy  mountains.  This 
interesting  species  was  seen  in  the  dense  forests 
of  the  evergreen  zone,  about  8,000  or  9,000  feet 
high.  The  little  chipmunk,  as  usual,  was  often 
around  camp  inspecting  our  provisions.  The 
little  water  ousel  we  noticed  along  all  the 
mountain  streams,  this  little  bird  appearing  to 
have  a  fondness  for  rushing  torrents,  cascades 
and  deep  canyons,  its  twittering  songs  mingling 
harmoniously  with  the  musical  but  thundering 
falls  of  water.  Allan's  finches  [Leucostidie  aus- 
tralis)  were  noticed  in  the  Big  Horn  mountains, 
near  the  limits  of  vegetation.  The  dusky  grouse 
(Tetrao  obscurns)  is  common,  although  not  (as 
numerous  as  Richardson's  grouse.  A  great  va- 
riety of  aquatic  fowls  is  noticeable  in  the  lake 
regions  of  the  Yellowstone  and  Snake  rivers, 
the  swan,  pelican,  gull,  crane,  loon,  goose  and 
mauy%kinds  of  ducks  abounding  here,  where  they 
remain  during  incubation  in  the  summer  months. 
The  American  eagle  is  very  numerous  around 
the  Yellowstone  lake,  also  its  co-tenant  the  fish 
hawk.  The  Alpine  insect  fauna  of  these  moun- 
tains is  Similar  to  that  found  in  the  ranges  of 
Colorado;  but  owing  to  the  paucity  of  vegeta- 
tion insects  do  not  thrive  here  at  as  great  an 
altitude  as  they  do  further  south,  where  lichens 
and  flowers  are  more  abundant.  Very  little 
insect  life  could  be  found  here  above  timber 
line.  On  the  the  highest  peaks  no  organic  life 
of  any  description  was  visible.  I  really  suppose 
the  pole  itself  presents  hardly  a  more  barren 
and  frigid  scene  of  desolation  than  these  glacial 
peaks.  Along  the  east  base  of  the  Big  Horn 
range,  we  meet  with  a  fine  agricultural  country, 
having  an  average  altitude  of  6,000  feet.  The 
climate  is  very  healthful,  and  the  country  blessed 
with  a  cool  and  bracing  atmosphere.  The  upper 
tributaries  of  the  Big  Horn,  Yellowstone,  Snake 
and  Green  rivers,  are  unfit  for  agricultural  pur- 
poses, owing  to  their  altitude  and  roughness. 
Some  spots  are,  however,  fit  for  grazing  aud 
stock  rearing. 

The  National  Park. 

As  most  of  your  readers  are  probably  some- 
what acquainted  with  the  topography  of  this 
spot,  I  will  confine  my  description  thereof  to 
merely  a  synopsis.  This  great  wonderland  lays 
between  the  Sierra  Shoshone  and  the  Rocky 
mountains,  between  latitude  44°  and  45J  north, 
its  mean  altitude  being  about  8,000  feet  above  the 
ocean.  It  has  an  area  of  2,500  square  miles, 
covering  for  the  most  part  a  very  abrupt  and 
broken  country,  abounding  everywhere  with 
impressive  views  of  mountain  scenery.  The 
interior,  however  is  very  beautiful,  being 
diversified  with  rolling  hills,  dense  forests 
of  feathery  top  pines,  open  glades  and  park- 
like views,  with  now  and  then  a  miniature 
savanna  of  silvery,  lakes  and  rushing  streams. 
The  atmosphere  is  salubrious  and  transparent, 
imparting  to  the  far  off  peaks  a  sharp  outline  and 
the  appearance  of  close  proximity.  The  great- 
est collection  of  natural  curiosities  of  the  world 
has  been  gathered  by  nature  herself  in  this  Na- 
tional park,  lying  in  Montana  and  Wyoming 
Territories. 

The  Yellowstone  lake,  a  handsome  sheet  of 
water,  is  situated  in  the  southeast  corner  of  the 
park,  at  an  elevation  of  7,788  feet  above  sea 
level.  Along  its  southern  and  eastern  shores 
the  mountains  present  an  impressive  Bcene  of 
rugged  beauty,  being  very  lofty  and  abrupt. 
This  lake  covers  an  area  of  over  200  square 
miles.  Trout  are  found  in  great  abundance 
near  its  outlet,  but  owing  to  the  juxtaposition 
of  subaqueous  geysers  they  are  not  edible. 
Those  caught,  however,  at  the  head  of  the  lake, 
where  the  cold  waters  come  rushing  in  in  the' 
shape  of  mountain  torrents,  are  good.  In  the 
mud  volcanoes  we  see  another  wonderful  freak 
of  nature.  Down  in  these  craters  the  hot  mud 
can  be  seen  thrown  in  many  shapes.  After 
sufficient  steam  has  been  generated,  a  huge 
mass  is  thrown  several  feet  in  the  air,  and,  fall- 
ing back  into  the  crater,  this  action  is  repeated.- 

Prominent  among  the  grand  views  of  the 
Park  are  the  falls  of  the  Yellowstone,  which 
afford  a  truly  magnificent  sight.  The  upper, 
fall  is  140  feet  high,  the  grand  falls  are  over  300 
feet  high,  the  foaming  water  rushing  over  the 
vertical  falls,  like  a  moving  stream  of  snow. 
The  mighty  torrent,  spanned  by  a  rainbow, 
descends,  with  a  thundering  roar,  that  can  be 
heard  afar  off.  Below  the  falls  the  grand 
canyon  begins,  extending  thence  20  miles  down 
the  river.  The  walls  stand  perpendicularly 
nearly  2,000  feet  high.  The  Mammoth  spriDg, 
near  the  northern  boundary  of  the  Park,  is  also 
a  noted  place,  attracting  many  visitors  by  the 
medicinal  properties  of  its  waters.  On  Speci- 
men mountain  some  rare  curiosities  in  the  way 
of  petrifactions  are  to  be  seen,  some  of  them 
being  standing  trees,  in  the  cavities  of  which 
some  brilliant  crystallizations  are  found,  fine 
specimens  of  banded  and  clouded  agates,  opal, 
chalcedony,  carnelian  and  other  rare  stones  can 
be  picked  up  in  situ  on  this  mountain.  The 
National  park  is  destined  to  become  the  most 
famous  watering  resort  of  the  world.  Its  min- 
eral waters  consist  of  great  diversity,  and  is  in- 
finitesimal and  replete.  No  tourist  can  ever 
regret  a  visit  to  the  great  wonderland  and  for  a 
few  weeks  consult  nature's  sanitary  domain  and 
witness  her  grand  and  unique  sceneries. 


Tar  Spots. — Butter  will  remove  tar  spots. 
Soap  and  water  will  afterward  take  out  the 
grease  stain. 


May  17,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


315 


Krupp's  Latest  Patent 

The  patent  for  dephosphorating  pig  iron 
lately  granted  to  Krupp  ia  based  upon  the  fol- 
lowing :  When  molten  pig  iron  comes  in  con- 
tact with  basic  oxides  of  iron  or  manganese  a 
reaction  takes  place,  in  course  of  which  all  im- 
purities contained  in  the  iron,  as  silicium,  sul- 
phur, manganese,  and  especially  phosphorus, 
are  separated  and  converted  into  slag,  the 
oxygen  of  the  oxides  bcin^  taken  up  by  the 
impurities  and  their  iron  being  united  with  the 
portion  treated.  By  using  a  mixture  of  iron 
and  manganese  oxides  the  attack  of  the  oxygen 
upon  the  carbon  of  the  iron  ia  to  some  extent 
prevented  11ml  more  time  afforded  for  tho  com- 
plete elimination  of  the  impurities  mentioned. 

The  patented  invention  consists  of  the  use  of 
the  reaction  described  for  the  purification  of  pig 
iron.  The  latter  1b,  directly  from  the  smelting 
furnace,  conducted*  into  a  rotary  furuace  lined 
with  a  mixture  of  the  oxides  of  iron  and  manga- 
nese. In  case  of  necessity,  an  additional 
quantity  of  theso  oxides  may  be  added  to  the 
metal.  The  latter  is  now  for  a  certain  length 
of  time  exposed  to  the  action  of  the  oxides.  As 
soon  as  signs  are  emitted  that  the  carbon  is  be- 
ing attacked,  the  metal  is  drawn  off  from  the 
slag  formed  and  may  now  at  once  be  worked  up 
into  steel  or  iron,  as  desired,  or  cast  in  ingots 
for  future  use.  The  fact  that  a  readily  flowing 
iron  free  from  phosphorus  may  be  obiained  in 
this  manner  is  of  great  importance,  as  quantities 
M  large  as  five  tons  may,  iu  this  case,  be 
operated  upon  at  once.  Rotary  furnaces  of 
varions  construction  may  be  used.  The  specifi- 
cation of  the  patent  mentions  those  of  Pernol, 
Danks,  and  Godfrey  &  Howson. 

The  crude  metal  is  admitted  into  the  rotary 
furnace,  after  tho  temperature  of  the  latter  has 
been  brought  to  the  melting  point  of  the  oxides 
with  which  it  is  lined,  and  the  duration  of  the 
operation  is  from  five  to  fifteen  minutes  only. 
Tne  moment  at  which  the  oxides  commence  to 
act  upon  the  carbon  may  be  easily  determined 
by  the  formation  of  froth  on  the  surface.  The 
percentage  of  carbon  in  the  iron  is  hardly  re- 
duced, while  in  all  respects  the  quality  of  the 
iron  is  greatly  improved. — Deutsche  Gewerbe 
Ztitung. 


A  New  Locomotive  Chimney. 

John  Baird,  chief  engineer,  and  Allan  Stir- 
Hug,  master  mechanic,  of  the  Metropolitan 
Elevated  road,  have  obtained  a  patent  for  im- 
provements in  the  construction  of  locomotive 
chimneys,  which  they  claim  will  overcome  the 
puffing  and  roaring  incident  to  the  escape  of 
smoke  and  steam.  The  devices  are  an  expan- 
sion chamber  and  an  annular  nozzle  placed  in 
the  chimney,  the  effect  of  which  is  to  produce  a 
regular  noiseless  emission  of  smoke  instead  of 
an  intermittent  and  sonorous  one  as  at  present. 
The  steam  from  the  cylinders  instead  of  passing 
directly  through  nozzles  is  discharged  into  a 
chamber  of  10  times  the  capacity  of  the  cylin- 
der, which  will  allow  the  steam  to  expand  in 
volume,  and  greatly  reduce  its  pressure,  so  that 
the  noise  of  puffing  will  not  be  heard  more  than 
10  feet  away.  Mr.  Baird  claims  that  this  ap- 
pliance also  gives  greater  speed,  with  a  saving 
of  at  least  25%  in  fuel.  He  also  claims  that  by 
the  application  of  an  English  patent  the  hissing 
noise  of  the  sudden  escape  of  steam  from  the 
brake  ejector  when  trains  are  approaching  a 
station  will  be  obviated.  This  improvement 
consists  of  a  cylindrical  chamber  with  wire 
gratings  at  each  end,  the  cylinder  being  filled 
with  small  glass  beads,  about  an  eighth  of  an 
inch  in  diameter,  with,  a  hole  in  the  center.  The 
steam,  in  passing  around  and  through  them,  is 
sub-divided  into  so  smaU  parts  as  to  utterly  de- 
stroy its  power  for  producing  noise.  It  requires 
about  75,000  beads  for  each  cylinder,  and  the 
company  has  already  purchased  about  800,000 
of  them.  It  is  estimated  that  it  will  require 
aeveral  mdlions  to  equip  all  the  locomotives  in 
use  on  the  road.  These  novel  improvements 
have  been  applied  to  three  of  the  engines,  and 
they  will  be  put  on  all  the  engines  as  soon  as 
possible. 

Note  on  Steel  Welding. — M.  Sergius  Kern, 
M.  E. ,  St.  Petersburg,  writes  as  follows  to  the 
Chemical  News:  "In  some  articles  inserted  in 
this  journal  the  author  stated  that  pure  steel, 
nearly  free  from  phosphorus  and  sulphur  and 
containing  from  25%  to  30%  of  carbon,  stands 
easily  the  process  of  welding,  if,  indeed,  the 
work  is  done  with  care  and  by  clever  workmen. 
It  may  be  mentioned  here  that  to  a  steel  ship- 
plate,  two  feet  wide  and  three-eighths  of  an  iuch 
thick,  a  steel  plate  (two  inches  by  two  inches 
by  three-eighths  of  an  inch)  was  easily  welded, 
and  a  perfectly  clean  and  good  joint  was  re- 
ceived. In  another  case  steel  strips  (six  inches 
by  four  inches  by  one-fourth  of  an  inch),  con- 
taining 25%  to  26%  of  carbon,  were  welded 
together;  very  often  after  cooling  the  plate  was 
bent  double,  through  the  weld,  without  the 
least  fracture  in  or  near  the  welded  part.  In 
some  experiments  such  plates  were  bent  at  a 
dark  heat,  and  they  often,  not  always,  resisted 
this  severe  test,  as  it  is  known  that  at  this  tem- 
perature the  steel  is  more  liable  to  break.  These 
trials  show  that  Russian  Bessemer  steel  is  of  a 
very  good  quality." 


BarfTa  New  Process  for  Preserving  Iron. 

Prof.  BarfT  lately  gave  a  lecture  in  London  on 
the  results  obtained  by  his  new  process  since  its 
first  announcement,  about  two  years  ago,  an 
account  of  which  has  already  appeared  in  these 
columns.  We  clip  tho  following  brief  summary 
of  the  lecture  from  the  Scientific  American: 

The  process  consists,  in  brief,  in  subjecting 
the  surface  of  the  iron  to  the  action  of  super- 
heated steam  at  a  high  temperature.  The  re- 
sult is  the  production  upon  the  surface  of  the 
iron  of  a  hard,  smooth,  and  durable  skin  of 
black  oxide  of  iron,  which  prevents  rust  far 
better  than  any  paint,  lacquer,  rubber,  or  other 
compound  or  process  heretofore  known.  ' 

Iron  articles  to  be  treated  by  this  new  process 
are  first  cleaned  with  dilute  sulphuric  acid,  and 
afterward  with  bran  water.  They  are  then 
placed  within  a  muffle,,  the  temperature  of 
which  is  500s  or  600°  Fab.;  dry  superheated 
steam  at  a  temperature  of  1,000'  Fah.  ia  ad- 
mitted, atmospheric  air  being  carefully  ex- 
cluded. The  formation  of  the  black  oxide  skin 
rapidly  takes  place. 

This  coating  has  peculiar  properties.  It  is  so 
hard  that  it  resists  emery  powder  and  the  file. 
Many  substances  which  adhere  to  ordinary  iron 
will  not  stick  to  this  prepared  irou.  For  cook- 
ery the  new  process  is  especially  useful.  Barff 
stew  pans  and  other  utensils  are  more  cleanly, 
as  arrowroot  and  other  substances  can  be  cooked 
in  them  and  the  vessel  cleaned  with  great  ease. 
Barff  vessels  can  be  heated  red  hot  without  in- 
juring the  skin.  Barffed  iron  is  proof  against 
damp,. water,  hot  or  cold,  and  stands  exposure 
to  tho  weather  far  better  than  galvanized  or 
painted  iron.  Barffed  boiler  and  ship  plates, 
whether  of  iron  or  steel,  are  superior  to  all 
others,  as  they  do  not  corrode  and  sediment  does 
not  readily  adhere.  The  process  is  applicable  to 
almost  every  conceivable  form  of  iron  manufac- 
ture, and  appears  to  be  a  scientific,  important, 
and  valuable  contribution  to  the  industrial  wants 
of  the  world. 

The  New  York  Exhibition  of  1883.— The 
committee  of  citizens  having  in  charge  the  selec- 
tion of  a  site  or  the  location  of  the  World's 
Fair  in  1883,  have  at  last  agreed  upon  a 
suitable  place.  The  committee  consists  of  Jack- 
son S.  Schultz,  Orestes  Cleveland,  Col.  Hoe 
and  Messrs.  Vance  and  Tiffany.  A  report  is 
being  prepared,  and  will  be  submitted  for  pub- 
lication within  a  few  days.  It  was  resolved  at 
a  meeting  of  the  committee  that  the  location 
should  not  be  divulged  by  any  member  of  the 
committee  previous  to  the  publication  of  the 
report,  It  is  believed  that  the  site  selected  is  a 
tract  of  170  acres  on  Long  Island  Sound,  ex- 
tending from  Port  MorriB  to  the  Southern 
Boulevard.  The  reason  of  the  committee  for 
refusing  any  information  on  the  subject  is  their 
desire  to  prevent  speculators  in  real  estate  from 
taking  an  unfair  advantage  of  the  owners  of 
land  in  the  neighborhood,  by  purchase  in  ad- 
vance of  the  publication  of  the  report. 

Usudurian  Packing.  —  The  Woonsocket 
Rubber  Company,  of  New  York,  are  introduc- 
ing a  new  steam  packing,  which  they  call  the 
Usudurian  Steam  Packing,  an  article  made  of 
unvulcanized  rubber  and  other  substances.  It 
is  a  non-conductor,  and  when  subjected  to  the 
action  of  steam  it  is  vulcanized  and  enabled  to 
resist  influences  which  are  usually  very  de- 
structive of  ordinery  rubber  packing.  By  the 
application  of  naphtha  to  their  surfaces,  two 
pieces  of  the  packing  may  be  united  and,  under 
pressure,  become  practicably  one,  which  is  a 
convenience,  as  the  user  is  thus  enabled  to  build 
up  any  desired  thickness  of  packing. 

Railroad  Construction  in  1878. — The  Rail- 
road Gazette  recently  gave  a  revised  and  cor- 
rected statement  of  the  railway  mileage  of  the 
United  States  added  during  the  year  1878,  as 
follows: 
Year.  Miles.  Year.  Miles. 

1872 7,240 

1873 3,873 

1874 2,025 

1875 1,561 

"We  have  a  total  of  82,064  miles  in  the  coun- 
try at  the  beginning  of  1879. 

Malleable  Cast-Iron. — M.  Cordier,  of 
Paris,  has  taken  letters-patent  for  what  is  de- 
scribed as  an  important  invention  connected 
with  the  manufacture  of  malleable  cast-iron, 
'*the  object  of  which  is  to  convert  Bassemer 
metal,  and  other  similar  metal,  into  a  special 
cast  metal,  particularly  applicable  for  the  man- 
ufacture of  malleable  cast-iron.  The  product  is 
between  malleable  cast-iron  and  ordinary  gray 
pig-iron,  and  yields  an  excellent  steel  by  pud- 
dling." 

Annealing  Glass. — A  new  invention  in  the 
process  of  annealing  glass  bas  been  patented  in 
France,  which  consists  of  first  burying  the  glass 
when  cold  in  pounded  stone,  plaster,  lime,  fire 
clay,  or  any  substance  capable  of  attaining  the 
degree  of  heat  necessary  for  the  annealing  opera- 
tion, and  then  raising  it  to  the  required  temper- 
ature. The  object  of  the  process  is  to  render 
articles  of  glass  stronger  and  more  capable  of 
sustaining  transitions  of  heat  and  cold. 


SCIENTIFIC 


ROGRESS. 


1876 2,450 

1877 2,301 

1878 2,856 


A  number  of  iron  cross-ties  have  been  laid 
down  by  the  Philadelphia  &  Reading  Railroad 
Company,  near  the  Phcenixville  depot,  at  a 
point  in  the  road  where  the  traffic  is  unusually 
heavy,  with  the  view  to  their  more  general  in- 
troduction, should  they  prove  to  be  satisfactory. 


Photography  in  Colors. 

Many  people,  latterly,  have  erroneously  given 
to  different  systems  of  painting  on  photography 
the  misplaced  title  "photography  in  colors." 
This  was  too  much  to  say  of  the  ingenious  re- 
sults, Boiiu-of  which  were  obtained  by  the  trans- 
parence of  the  photographic  image,  some  by 
other  means.  Nay,  attempts  wore  even  made 
to  make  us  believe  that  photographic  proofs, 
tinted  by  oil  or  water-colors,  were  proofs  ob- 
tained direotly  in  colors.  Tho  only  process 
which,  up  to  the  present  time,  has  really  de- 
served the  name  of  "  photography  in  colors  "  is 
that  of  M.  Ducos  du  Hauron,  but  it  is  only  still 
in  infancy,  its  practice  being  very  difficult,  and 
the  colors  obtained  not  always  being  of  the  re- 
quired tone.  To  arrive  at  the  real  colors  of 
nature  is  no  easy  task,  but  we  doubt  not  that 
M.  Ducos  du  Hauron  will,  sooner  or  later,  solve 
this  difficult  problem. 

M.  Germeuil  Bonnaud's  process  of  photo- 
graphing in  colors— we  use  this  term  intention- 
ally, because  it  is  the  only  term  strictly  applica- 
ble— simply  consists  in  causing  the  photographic 
action  to  operate  directly  on  the  color.  To  this 
end  -M.  Germeuil  Bonnaud  has  carefully  sought 
the  meanB  of  rendering  a  neutral  color  sensitive, 
and  at  the  same  time  insoluble,  so  that  it  might 
be  able  to  resist  the  numerous  baths  necessary 
to  the  photographic  process.  When  this  process 
is  used,  all  the  operations  remain  the  same  as  in 
the  ordinary  method,  with  this  great  advantage, 
that  the  impressions  made  by  the  silver  salts  on 
the  colored  background  give  precisely  the  effect 
of  the  original  model,  and  have  not  that  hard- 
ness of  tone  that  generally  characterizes  a  "re- 
touched "  photograph.  The  print  comes  out  of 
the  bath  completely  colored.  Thanks  to  the 
chemical  agents  and  the  sensitive  paper  used  by 
M.  Germeuil  Bonnaud,  the  colors  and  the  photo, 
graph  are  henceforward  indelibly  united.  But, 
in  addition  to  the  great  artistic  results,  the  ma 
terial  advantages  of  this  discovery  are  very  con- 
siderable. Firstly,  the  true  harmony  of  color 
is  restored,  while  prints  colored  by  any  of  the 
old  processes — photo- painting,  as  one  might  call 
them — are  always  monotonous  and  wanting  in 
durability.  By  oil  painting  on  the  photograph, 
the  employment  of  water-colors,  or  even  of 
transparent  media,  the  cost  of  production  was 
immensely  increased.  And  this  was  not  all, 
because  to  obtain  really  artistic  effects  it  was 
necessary  to  employ  artists  of  such  a  degree  of 
talent  as  is  rarely  found  iu  country  towns,  where 
one  does  not  find  every  day  a  Millais,  a  Dickin- 
son, or  a  Nadar.  Now  the  photographer  can  do 
it  all  himself.  So  much  the  better  for  those 
who  are  neither  painters  nor  draughtsmen.  It 
appears  that  the  cost  of  the  colored  photographs 
produced  by  the  Germeuil  Bonnaud  process  is 
very  little,  if  anything,  more  than  the  ordinary 
uncolored  ones.  So  we  get  at  the  price  of  an 
ordinary  carte -de-visite  a  photograph  in  un- 
changeable and  unfading  colors. — M.  K.  Vers- 
naeyen,  hi  Scientific  American. 

On  the  Reddening  of  Carbolic  Acid. — 
Owing  to  frequent  complaints  from  purchasers 
and  consumers  of  carbolic  acid,  about  its  acquir- 
ing a  red  color,  the  firm  of  Gehe  &  Co.  (of  Dres- 
den) have  published  the  following:  Many  prom- 
inent chemists,  and  all  manufacturers  of  crys- 
tallized carbolic  acid,  have  long  endeavored  to 
discover  the  cause  of  the  reddening  of  pure  crys- 
tallized white  carbolic  acid.  But  in  spite  of 
their  careful  investigations  and  experiments, 
the  reason  still  remains  unknown.  It  is  inex- 
plicable why,  for  instance,  a  portion  of  a  distil- 
late should  remain  perfectly  white  for  months, 
while  another  portion  of  the  same  distillate 
turns  red.  Some  chemists  maintain  that  this 
reddening  is  a  characteristic  trait  of  perfectly 
pure  carbolic  acid ;  but  this  haB  not  been  proven. 
Whatever  may  be  the  cause,  it  is  universally 
conceded  that  such  colored  carbolic  acid,  pro- 
vided it  has  the  correct  boiling  point,  is  pre- 
cisely as  good  as  the  white,  and  need  not  be  re- 
jected. The  Phar.  Germ,  prescribes  that  it 
should  melt  between  25°  and  30°  C.  (77°— 86QP. ) 
but  it  has  generally  a  high  melting  point  (the 
U.  S.  Ph.  gives  the  latter  between  93°  and  106° 
F.)  No  manufacturer  can  warrant  the  perma- 
nency of  the  white  color  of  his  carbolic  acid. 

Constitution  or  Nebul/E. — In  the  "Investi- 
gations upon  the  Hight  of  the  Atmosphere  and 
the  Constitution  of  Gasiform  Cosmical  Bodies," 
A.  Ritter  deduces  the  following  law:  "If,  in 
consequence  of  increase  or  diminution  of  heat, 
the  radius  of  the  gaseous  globe  undergoes  a 
change,  the  temperature  of  its  center  also 
changes;  but  the  product  of  the  radius  into  the 
central  temperature  is  constant. "  Since  Nep- 
tune's orbital  radius  is  about  6,000  times  as  great 
as  the  sun's  present  radius,  the  sun's  central 
temperature  is  now  about  6,000  times  as  great 
as  when,  according  to  the  Kant-Laplace  hy- 
pothesis, the  sun  was  expanded  to  the  orbit  of 
Neptune.  Of  the  whole  work  which  has  been 
performed  by  gravity  during  that  immense 
interval,  more  than  four-fifths  is  still  stored 
within  the  sun's  mass  in  the  form  of  heat. 


Prof.  J.  Lawbence  Smith  finds  that  the 
native  irons  of  Greenland  are  mutually  similar, 
and  that  they  differ  from  the  meteoric  irons. 
He  thinks  it  probable  that  the  native  iron  may 
have  been  brought  up  from  below,  like  the  na- 
tive alloy  of  platinum  and  iron. 


The  Tails  of  Comets. 

Prof.  Bredikhine,  of  St.  Petersburg,  writes 
Mr.  Proctor  in  the  Newcastle  Weekly  Chronicle, 
has  made  some  very  interesting  researches  into 
tho  evideaoe  respecting  the  taik  of  comets.  He 
Bhows  reason  for  believing  that  these  append- 
ages may  be  divided  into  three  distinct  classes, 
according  to  the  different  relations  between  the 
attractive  and  dispersive  power  of  the  sun.  The 
latter  power  he  considers  to  be,  in  all  proba- 
bility, modified  by  the  different  properties  of 
the  particles  of  which  the  tail  is  formed.  There 
are  few  Bubjects  of  inquiry  more  difficult  and 
perplexing  than  the  phenomena  of  comets' 
tails.  The  evidence  seems  unmistakably  to 
point  in  some  cases  to  a  true  repulsive  action 
excited  by  the  sun,  and  yet  nothing  seems 
harder  to  understand  than  the  possibility  that 
the  sun  should  exert  such  a  power  in  so  ener- 
getic  a  manner  as  to  produce  the  amazingly 
rapid  extension  of  tail  matter  seen  in  certain 
cases.  Thus  [the  tail  of  Newton's  comet  seen 
after  the  comet  had  made  its  nearest  approach 
to  the  sun,  must  have  been  thrown  out  in  less 
than  a  day  (probably  in  less  than  a  few  hours) 
to  a  distance  of  more  than  ninety  million  miles. 
Under  the  sun's  gravitating  power,  tromendous 
though  that  power  appears,  the  comet,  with  all 
the  velocity  it  had  already  acquired,  took  more 
than  four  weeks  in  traversing  the  same  distance. 
Tyndall's  ingenious  attempt  to  explain  the  for- 
mation of  comets'  tails  as  due  to  the  actinic 
energy  of  rays  which  have  passed  through  tho 
comet'B  head,  fails  to  account  for  the  phenomena 
presented  by  many  long-tailed  comets.  Prof. 
f  ait's  sea-bird  analogy,  by  which  the  formation 
of  a  comet's  tail  is  compared  with  the  coming 
into  view  of  a  flock  of  sea-birds,  as  the  plane  of 
their  array  comes  to  coincide  with  the  observ- 
er's eye,  would  never  have  been  advanced  by 
anyone  familiar  with  the  history  of  the  most 
important  comets,  or  even  with  the  history  of 
any  one  of  the  great  comets  which  have  been 
visible  for  more  than  a  few  days.  What  Sir 
John  Herschel  wrote  more  than  forty  years  ago 
has  never  yet  been  invalidated,  viz.,  that  the 
phenomena  of  comets  can  only  be  explained  by 
assuming  the  existence  of  an  intense  repulsive 
force,  excited  by  the  sun  on  the  thin  material 
raised  by  his  heat  from  the  surface  of  comets 
approaching  him  from  interstellar  space. 


Solidified  Hydrogen. 

By  the  success  which  has  been  obtained  in 
liquefying  the  gaBes  thus  far  supposed  to  be  per- 
manent, it  appears  certain  that  not  only  lique- 
faction, but  also  solidification  has  been  achieved. 

Pictet,  in  a  very  recent  experiment  with  hy- 
drogen compressed  at  650  atmospheres,  found,  on 
opening  the  stop-cock,  that  the  gas  issued  with 
a  noise  like  that  of  a  hot  iron  bar  under  water, 
and  it  had  a  steel-blue  color.  The  jet  suddenly 
became  intermittent,  and  then  there  followed  a 
sort  of  hail  of  the  solid  particles  of  hydrogen, 
which  fell  with  violence  on  the  ground,  and 
produced  a  crackling  noise.  Afterward  the  Biop- 
cock  was  closed,  and  there  was  evidence  that  a 
crystallization  of  hydrogen  took,  place  within 
the  tube;  but  when  the  temperature  was  again 
raised,  the  gas  issued  as  a  liquid. 

M.  Dumas,  the  President  of  the  French 
Academy  of  Sciences,  accepts  these  facts  as 
full  of  confirmation  of  the  theory  long  ago  ad- 
vanced that  hydrogen  is  a  gaseous  metal.  As 
water  is  an  oxide  of  hydrogen,  it  follows  from 
this  that  when  a  person  drinks  a  glass  of  water, 
he  imbibes  a  metallic  oxide!  Nature,  in  men- 
tioning these  performances,  coupled  with  them 
another,  which  it  regards  as  yet  more  remark- 
able from  a  scientific  point  of  view.  M.  Pictet 
has  been  able  to  measure,  with  a  very  close  ap- 
proach to  accuracy,  the  volume  occupied  by  a 
given  weight  of  oxygen  in  the  liquid  state.  By 
means  of  two  Nicol  priBms,  M.  Pictet  observed 
the  jet  of  liquid  oxygen  in  polarized  light,  and 
found  Btrong  evidence  of  the  presence  of  solid 
particles. 

As  in  the  chemical  nomenclature,  the  final 
ending  "urn"  has  been  adopted  for  ail  metals,  it 
is  proper  to  call  this  metallic  hydrogen,  "hydri- 
um,"  a  name  which  has  already  been  used  even 
before  hydrogen  had  been  used  or  liquefied  or 
solidified. 

Pteratomus  Putnamii,  or  "Putnam's  winged 
atom,"  is  the  very  appropriate  name  given  by 
Prof.  Packard  to  a  creature  first  described  by 
him,  and  which  is  probably  the  smallest  of  all 
known  insects.  An  individual  of  this  species 
was  captured  last  summer  byftTr.  J.  D.  Cor, 
who  gives  a  full  description  of  it  in  the  American 
Naturalist."  Its  body  is  twelve  thousandths  of 
an  inch  in  length,  the  antennae  twenty  thou- 
sandths. It  is  probably  an  egg-parasite  of  the 
leaf-cutter  bee. 


Telegraphing  to  Running  Trains.— C.  M. 
Gariel  describes  the  successful  working  of 
Baillehache's  invention  for  signaling  to  and  from 
trains  in  motion,  on  a  part  of  the  line  which 
connects  the  Champs  de  Mars  with  the  station 
at  Grenelle.  The  experiments  were  so  success- 
ful that  they  are  likely  soon  to  be  repeated  on  a 
much  larger  scale.— La  Nature. 


Another  Asteroid  Discovered.— C.  H.  F. 
Peters,  of  Hamilton  College,  Clinton,  N.  Y., 
discovered  another  new  asteroid  on  the  21st  of 
March.  The  planet  is  bright,  and  of  the 
eleventh  magnitude. 


316 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[May  17,  1879. 


Table  of  Highest  and  Lowest  Sales  in 
S.  F.  Stock  Exchange. 


womn  «f         Week     Weeb    Weelt 
Name  or        EiriUng  Emllng  Ending 

-    Mays. 


Company. 


Alpha. . 
Alta.... 
4.ndo3 . . 

Alpa 

Argenta. . 
Atlantic.. 
Aurora  Tunnel. . 
Baltimore  Con.. 
Belcher. . 
Belmont. . 
Beat  &  Belcher.. 
Bullion. . 
Bechtel. . 
Belle  Isle. . 
Bodie.. 
Benton. . 
Bulwer . 

Boyle 

Black  Hawk. . 
Belvidere. . 
Booker . , 
Caledonia. . 
California. . 
Challenge. . 

Chollar 

Confidence. , 
Con  Imperial.. 
Con  Virginia. . 
Crown  Point.. 

Con  Washoe 

Champion 

Concordia 

Dayton 

DeFrees 

Daney 

Day 

Eureka  Con 

Exchequer 

Endowment 

Gen  Thomas 

Grand  Prize 

Gila 

Golden  Chariot. . . 
Golden  Terra. . . .  . 

Goodshaw 

Gould  &  Curry.... 
Hale  ft  NorcroBa. . 

Hillside 

Highbridge 

Homeatake 


Independence . . 

Julia 

Justice 

Jackson 

Joe  Scates 

KKCon 

Kentuck 

Kossuth 

Keystone 

Lady  Bryan.... 

Lady  Wash 

Leopard 

Leviathan 

Leeds 

Lee 

May  Belle 

Modoc 

Manhattan 

Martin  White . . 

McClinton 

Meadow  Valley. 

Mexican 

Mides 

Morning  Star. . . 
North  Con  Virginia. 

New  York 

Northern  Belle. 
New  Cbso....... 

Navajo 

Occidental 

Ophir 

Oriental 

Overman 

Panther 

Phenix 

Phil  Sheridan.. 

Potosi 

Prospect  

Raymond  ft  Ely 

Richer 

Rock  Island.... 

Rye  Patch 

Rough  &  Beady. 

Savage 

Seg  Belcher.... 
Sierra  Nevada. . 

Silver  Hill 

Silver  King 

Silver  Prize  ... 

Succor J  ■ 

Summit 2, 

Scorpion 

Solid  Silver..,. 
South  Bodie. . . . 
South  Standard 

Star 

St.  Louis 

Syndicate 

Tioga  Con 

Tiptop  

Trojan 

Union  Con 

Utah 

Vermont  Con. . . 

Ward 

Wells-Fargo.... 

Woodville 

White  Cloud.... 
Yellow  Jacket. . 


3.05 

25c 


u 

45c 


fiOc     40c 
16 

54 


35c     30c 


3.45 
10c 


9  ... 

30c  ... 

91  8: 

124  HI 

3|  2. 10 

35c  10c 


95c  70c 

li  1.15 

1.60  1J 

65o  55c 

75o  60c 


2i  2.40 
6  53 
1       65c 


11£  10 
75c  65c 
7 


37  27 
50c  .... 
10J      93 


45o     40c 
4 


4 

70c 


1.80 
75c 

10c 


1.15 

10c 
15c 


35c 
2.10 

1\ 
30c 
40c 


1.16 
10c 

30c 


50c  40c 
18  17* 
5J    4.95 


Iffi 


10 


25c 

12f  10; 

24  2. If 

30c  25c 


15c 


61       61 


70c      50c 
1.20 

14 


75c 

75c      70c 


.55       2 

6         6L 
1       90c 


37J      31 


Hi      9 

70c     55c 
74       7 


381      311 

'n  "7 


45c     40c 
3.90    3, 


1H  9: 

25  ... 

52}  42: 

1.30  1, 


40c  30c 

2  1? 

2.30  1.95 

25c  20c 

50c  35c 

15c  ... 

50c  ... 

"2}  "2 

2.30  1.90 

80c  75c 

5c 

74J  64i 

16  13 


1.15 
10c 

25c 

ihl    134 


15c      10c 
10c    .... 


55c  40c 

16  J  16 

4}  3.65 

20c  15c 


34    3.2 
10c    ... 


20c 

3.10 

3.40 

2* 


2*       2 

7         63 
SOc     60c 


10        74 

30c     40c 


20c  lOo 

75c  .... 

364  31* 

50c  ...7 

8  61 


45c      40c 
34       2 


3      2.6i) 
30c      25o 


US  84 

23  22 

45  40 

2  1.30 


50c  20c 

2  1 

..55  2 

25c  .... 

40c  35c 

45c  '40c 

"2J  2'.  55 

2.35.  2.10 

80c  75c 

25c  5c 

69  53 

131  114 


1.15  50c 
20c  '.'.'.', 

i4j  '13' 


Sales  at  S.  F.  Stock  Exchange. 


Friday  A.  M.,  May  9. 

880  Alta 54 

50  Alpha 17 

500  Andes 20025c 

655  Belcher 4304.70 

350  Bullion 4 

95  BeBt  ft  Belcher...  14J@14j 

260  Benton 3.6003' 

30  Challenge .,% 

580  Caledonia l.W@U 


..IH0111 

..1.2O0U 
...404,10 
71 

.  .51@5£ 


60  Confidence.... 

1450  Con  Imperial.. 
340  Crown  Point. . . 

2155  Con  Virginia.. 
545  Chollar 

1630  California 7J07 

705  Exchequer 41(5  I  35 

150  Flowery 55c 

965  Gould  ft  Curry Bi@7f 

195  Hale  &  Nor 11010, 

35  Julia 3.41 

225  Justice 3{«'3! 

103  Lady  Bryan 55c 

200  Leviathan 55@ti0c 

150  Lady  Wash 

1940  Mexican... 

300  Margarita 15c 

50  MtView... 
100  Mackey 

1005  N  Bonanza 1@1 .  15 

235  North  Con  Vir 93@9J 

2690  Ophir.... 

375  Overman 

250  Phil  Sheridan 40045c 

535  Potosi 3102.90 

430  Savage 'J>  K, 

1050  Silver  Hill lg@IT40 

425  Sierra  Nevada 45044 

390  Scorpion 2021 

200  Trojan 5c 

365  Union  Con 671065} 

1270  Ward 80075c 

420  Yellow  Jacket. . .  .14@i3g 

AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

420  Argenta 1.15 

350  Albion 40@3oc 

235  Bulwer... 


25  Black  Hawk 1.90 

350  Belvidere 60055c 

50  Booker 20c 

50  Belle  Isle 30c 

320  Bodie 9i09g 

1445  Bechtel 9Oc01 

550  Champion 10@15c 

525  C  Pacific 2 .  60024 

1150  Caledonia  (B  H) 304 

240  Dudley 30@35c 

190  Day 40c 

10  Eureka  Con 162 

240  Grand  Prize 3.40031 

400  Golden  Terra 14013 

200  Highbridge 85c 

25  Hillside 2.15 

1190  Independence 303.10 

560  .lackson 6 

400  Jupiter 45050c 

50  Leopard 1.15 

140  McClinton 80c 

585  Mono 3103.40 

50  M  White "„„ ;..?7 

375  Navajo isc 

95  Northern  Belle 7J 

325  Noonday 1.90013 

140  Raymond  ft  Ely. . .  3 

200  Richer '  "250 

40  Red  Cloud ^350 

100  Syndicate 23 

330  S  Bulwer 50055c 

200  Star 45c 

100  SBodie 35C 

420  Summit 1J01 

45  Silver  King .'8 

400  Tuscarora I0c 

295  Tioga  Con 2102.35 

200  Tiptop 75080c 

250  University 40c 

Saturday  A.  M.,m,iyio. 

50  Alpha 153 

875  Alta, 51 

800  Antenta 1.10 

1050  Albion 40050c 

65  Bulwer 1110111 

1O0  Booker , 30c 

270  Bodie 94 


220  Best  ft  Belcher... 131013 

1055  Belcher 41041 

740  Bullion 403.65 

310  Benton 3403.60 

250  Belle  Isle 35c 

825  Bechtel 70080c 

100  Black  Hawk 13 

300  Belvidere 65060c 

330  Chollar - 5 

555  Crown  Point 404.05 

1295  Con  imperial 1 .  15 

855  California 7 

1555  Con  Virginia 7071 

225  Confidence 10£ 

745  Caledonia U01.2Q 

340  Challenge 2102.30 

150  Con  Dorado 1.80 

730  Caledonia  (BH), 

20  C  Pacific 

400  Day 45040c 

30  Dudley 40c 

245  Exchequer 4.1504 

220  Eureka  Con 1610163 

300  Flowery 50c 

100  Fourth  July .40c 

50  Giant  &OA 5 

800  Gould&Curry 71071 

435  Grand  Prize..  .3.4503.20 

50  Golden  Terra 13 

985  H  &  Norcross. . .  .1O301O[ 

200  Hussey 20c 

550  Hillside..... 2 

350  Hamburg 50c 

900  Highbridge 30025c 

865  Independence 303.05 

50  Jupiter 40c 

505  Julia 033.05 

225  Justice 303.10 

910  L  Bryan 55050c 

300  Leviathan 55050c 

1940  Leopard 1.40011 

495  Mexican 29029J 

70  Manhattan 2.10 

100  Mackey 1.3O01J 

20  MWliite 61. 

100  McClinton 70c 

110  Mono 3.35 

100  New  York 40c 

135  N  Con  Virginia. 

340  N  Bonanza 1.1501 

300  Northern  Belle 7107 

450  Noonday 2  "" 

1075  Ophir l-„ 

395  Overman 71071 

280  Potosi..; " 

110  Raymond  ft  E... 

100  Richer 30c 

120  South  Bodie 35c 

350  Summit U 

50  Syndicate 2J 

200  S  Bulwer 40035c 

445  Sierra  Nevada.... 420413 

100  Succor 20c 

455  Silver  Hill 1." 

470  Savage 830  .. 

265  Scorpion 2.10@2 

300  Star 45c 

50  Solid  Silver 25c 

300  Tuscarora 10c 

140  Tiptop 75@S0c 

300  Tioga 2? 

45  Utah 121012! 

220  Union  Con 58059;. 

60  University 30c 

2u0  WoodvUle 20c 

1010  Ward 75065c 

520  Yellow  Jacket....  13*013 
Monday  A.  31.,  May  12, 

140  Alpha 15014 

1750  Alta 51052 

690  Bullion 33031 

955  Belcher 3J(«4 

210  Best  ft  Belcher..  121012; 

310  Benton 3.4O03L 

260  C  Dorado 1.90 

110  Confidence 916*9 

1495  -km  Virginia 7107J 

2030  Con  Imperial..  1.1001. 05 

500  Chollar 4,3004.70 

450  Challenge 2 

405  California 6J07 

735  CrownPoint...3.8O03.65 

260  Caledonia ._.1.65 

245  Exchequer 3 

890  Gould  ft  Curry 7063 

725  Hale  &Nor 100101 

690  Julia 23021 

280  Justice 2.65024 

50  Kentuck 3.60 

55U  Lady  Bryan 50c 

50  Leviathan 55c 

200  Lady  Wash 

880  Mexican 28027 

50  Mackey 2.10 

660  N  Bonanza 

460  North  Con  Vir 

125  New  York 40c 

340  Ophir 32031-: 

125  Overman 6J06 

510  Potosi : 

230  Savage 8J08r 

365  Sierra  Nevada.... 400401 

50  Scorpion 

245  Silver  Hill 

70  Utah 

320  Union  Con... 
400  Wells-Pargo... 

585  Ward 

565  Yellow  Jacket. 

AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

2300  Argenta 1. 15011 

700  Albion 40c 

1650  Belle  Isle 40c 

-9g 


1.3001.35 

..111011? 


..5c 


.121012 


. .  .60070c 
.1.40011 
...U@103 
..70c 


175  Bodie 

200  Booker 

550  Bechtel 

635  Black  Hawk 
320  Bulwer. 

70  Belvidere. . . 

150  Champion 10c 

500  Concordia 10c 

150  C  Pacific 

650  Caledonia  (B  H). . ' 3 

750  Day 4O045l 

3*5  Eureka  Con 161016 

500  Gila 10c 

130  Grand  Prize 3.30 

250  Goodshaw 25c 

85  Giant  &0  A 5 

150  Highbridge 30c 

380  Hillside 1.9502 

800  Independence  .2.9002.80 

100  Jackson 6 

600  Jupiter SOc 

200  Leopard 1 

190  Manhattan 

100  McClinton ) 

280  Mono 3+03.30 

435  Northern  Belle 7(&6J 

135  Navajo 10015c 

900  Noonday 2 

60  Raymond  ft  Ely 3 

850  Real  del  Monte. .  .3©2.3[. 

150  Red  Cloud 35030c 

400  Star 45c 

100  SBodie " 

250  Summit 1, 

250  Syndicate 2.5a 

80  Silver  King 

10  S  Bulwer.  . 

1650  Tuscarora 15c 

720  Tioga  Con 2.10@2.15 

150  Tipton 75c 

1300  Vortex 50060c 

Tuesday  A.  M.,  May  93. 

570  Alta 5J061 

240  Alpha , 15015J 

395  Andes 25020c 

895  Belcher 4}044 

360  Bullion 3103.85 

215  Best  ft  Belcher. . .  .130131 

695  Benton 403.90 

300  California 65 

100  Confidence 1010103 

100  Challenge 21021 

880  Caledonia 1.9001.80 

340  Con  Imperial.  .1.2001.15 


510  Crown  Point 3.95 

1191  Con  Virginia 71071 

250  Chollar 4.9004.85 

350  Con  Dorado 21 

375  Exchequer 4J04.7O 

250  Flowery 60c 

335  Gould&Curry 7407g 

60  H  ft  Norcross. . .  .1OJ01O& 

350  Julia 2.80 

160  Justice 2.9503 

215  Kentuck 3.6503 

790  LBryan 45c 

50  Lady  Wash .1. 20 

150  Leviathan 
250  Mexican.. 
110  Mackey 1 

50  MtView 6 

350  N  Bonanza 1.05 

215  New  York 40050c 

315  North  Con  Vir 

755  Ophir 

100  Overman 1 1 

200  Potosi 2| 

150  Phil  Sheridan 40c 

450  Savage ... 94098 

20  Seg  Belcher 22 

100  Succor 

325  Sierra  Nevada 424 

5  Solid  Silver 35c 

450  Scorpion 202.15 

635  Silver  Hill 1101.60 

350  Trojan 15c 

55  Utah 1240122 

250  Union  Con 60062 

50  Woodville 10c 

1200  Wells-Fargo 5c 

1050  Ward 90c©1.15 

440  Yellow  Jacket...  131013§ 

Al-TERWiLiM  SESSION. 

2780  Argenta 1.1504 

950  Albion 40035c 

200  Belmont 30040c 

250  Belle  Isle 40c 

170  Bodie 91 

100  Belvidere 75c 

1170  Bechtel 65075c 

270  Bulwer 1020101 

525  Booker 25c 

440  Black  Hawk 1.3O0U 

100  Champion 10c 

450  C  Pacific 21 

250  Caledonia  (B  H) 3 

375  Day 50055c 

230  Dudley 55050c 

30  Eureka  Con 161 

350  Endowment 20c 

1000  Fourth  July 40c 

100  Giant&O  A 51 

20  Golden  Terra 134 

125  Hillside 1.90012 

500  Hussey 20c 

600  Highbridge 30c 

400  Independence.. 2. 9002 .85 

20  Jackson 6 

300  Jupiter 40c 

640  Leopard 1.4001.35 

50  Leeds 70c 

100  Manhattan 2.1002.05 

60  McClinton 65060c 

110  Mono 3103.20 

10  Northern  Belle 6j 

100  Navajo 15c 

595  Noonday 2J02 .  30 

50  Paradise 1.30 

55  Raymond&Ely...2.60@3 

25  Real  del  Monte 21 

175  Red  Cloud 35030c 

100  Star 40c 

100  Syndicate 23 

495  Summit 11012 

300  S  Bulwer. 50060c 

400  Tuscarora 10(t*15c 

570  Tioga 2.15021 

100  Tiptop 75c 

2100  Vortex 60c 

Wed'aduy  A.  M.,  May  14. 

250  Alpha 16 

450  Alta 6J06I) 

200  Andes 20c 

285  Belcher 4204.70 

700  Bullion 4J04.3O 

300  B&Belcher 13J014 

590  Benton 4.3004.40 

1250  Con  Dorado 2102.30 

275  California 6g07 

230  Confidence 1120116 

1710  Con  Imperial. .1.2001. 15 
515  Crown  Point.. .4. 1504.20 

J  995  Con  Virginia 71071 

510  Chollar 53051 

290  Caledonia 1 .9002 

350  Exchequer 4J04.7O 

190  Flowery 65c 

395  Gould  ft  Curry 7208 

78.  Hale  ft  Nor. 1210113 

390  Justice 3103.10 

295  Julia 

280  Kentuck.... 
650  Lady  Bryan. 
350  Leviathan . . 
430  Lady  Wash 
565  Mexican.,., 
100  Mackey 

50  Mount  View... 54 

70  N  Bonanza. ...1.1501.10 

140  North  Con  Vir 10 

680  NewYork 60055c 

200  Occidental 75c 

370  Overman 7208 

70  Ophir 351035 

100  Peytona 1 

250  Phil  Sheridan 45c 

920  Potosi 2.9003.10 

725  Savage 1010113 

1060  Scorpion 2102. 40 

1360  Silver  Hill 201.85 

185  Seg  Belcher 23 

90  Succor 25c 

405  S  Nevada 44 

405  Union 650661 

80  Utah 12J013 

270  Ward 1 

370  Yellow  Jacket 14 

AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

900  Argenta 1.20001.15 

740  Albion 35025c 

200  Belmont 35c 

85  Bodie 93 

100  Belle  Isle 40c 

900  Bechtel 75080c 

630  Belvidere 70075c 

115  Bulwer 11 

320  Booker . 

300  Black  Hawk...  1.4001 

250  Champion ". . .  .10c 

600  Con  Pacific 2202.60 

400  Caledonia  (B  H) 31 

880  Day 50c 

200  Dudley 55c 

165  Eureka  Con 161 

50  Endowment 15c 

1900  Fourth  July 40035c 

175  Gila 10c 

225  Goodshaw 25c 

300  Grand  Prize 3.30031 

1000  Highbridge 30c 

20  Independence 2.85 

250  Jupiter 40c 

300  Leopard 1.35 

15U  Leeds 70c 

165  Manhattan 21 

165  Mono 3403.30 

100  N  Noonday 75c 

150  Noonday 21 

40  Navajo 20c 

1000  Oriental 50c 

250  Paradise 1  40 

75  Raymond  ft  Ely 3 

550  Star 45c 

530  Summit 1  .&502 

615  S  Bodie 35040c 

300  S  Bulwer 50c 

165  Syndicate 2. 55023 

1100  Tuscarora 10c 

55  Tioga  Con 2102.15 

200  Tiptop ;.75c 

1200  Vortex 60070c 


MINING  SHAREHOLDERS'  DIRECTORY. 

Compiled  every  Thursday  from  Advertisements  in  Mining  and  Scientific  Press  and  other  S.  F.  Journals. 
ASSESSMENTS-STOCKS  ON  THE  LISTS  OP  THE  BOARDS. 


Company. 
Andes  S  M  Co 
Booker  Con  G  M  Co 
Brilliant  M  Co 
Best  ft  Belcher  M  Co 
Bechtel  Con  M  Co 
Belmont  M  Co 
Bullion  M  Co 
Caledonia  S  M  Co 
Crown  Point  Ravine  G  &  f 
DeFrees  M  ft  M  Co 
Gila  S  M  Co 
McCrackin  Con  M  Co 
Mexican  G  ft  S  M  Co 
Modock  Con  M  Co 
Mono  GM  Co 
North  Carson  S  M  Co 
Panther  M  Co 
Trojan  M  Co 
Raymond  ft  Ely  M  Co 
Real  Del  Monte  M  Co 
Sierra  Nevada  S  M  Co 
South  Bulwer  G  M  Co 
Solid  Silver  G  &  S  M  Co 
Succor  M  ft  M  Co 
Tioga  Con  M  Co 
Tuscarora  M  &  M  Co 
Union  Con  S  M  Co 
Yellow  Jacket  S  M  Co 
Wells  Fargo  M  Co 


...::it 

...45@J0c 
55c 

..1.30011 
..3020314 


SALES  OF   LAST  WEEK   AND  THIS  COMPARED 

Thlirsd'yA.  M„  May  S.|Thurs<lay  A.'M.,  May  15. 

120  Alpha 17017*    130  Alpha  ........*......  .16? 

425  Alta 5©5jl  160  Alta 6j 


Location.  No. 

Nevada  12 

California  2 

Nevada  2 

Nevada  14 

California  2 

Nevada  20 

Nevada  9 

Nevada  27 

M  Co       Nev  6 

Nevada  9 

Nevada  4 

Arizona  2 

Nevada  6 

California  8 

California  3 

Nevada  8 

Nevada  11 

Nevada  10 

Nevada  11 

Nevada  6 

Nevada  57 

California  3 

Nevada  1 
Nevada    23 

California  "5 

Nevada  3 

Nevada  12 

Nevada  32 
Nevada    12 


Amt.  Levied. 

25  May  5 
25  Apr  23 
25    Apr  26 

1  CO  Apr  17 
25  Apr  19 
30    Apr  4 

I  00-  May  6 
50  April 
15  Apr  16 
10  Mar  11 
20  Apr  30 
50    Oct  22 

1  00  May  14 
50  Fehl3 
50  Mar  27 
25  Apr  26 
10  Apr  3 
25    Apr  9 

1  00  Apr  23 
50    Mar  29 

2  00  Apr  16 
10  MayS 
25  May  14 
50  Apr  23 
20  Apr  3 
05    Mar  27 

1  50    Apr  2 

1  00    Apr  15 

25    Apr  23 


Delikq'i 

June  11 
June  2 
May  30 
May  21 
May  26 
May  10 
June  9 
May  16 
May  20 

June  3 
Mar  3 
June  18 

Mayl 
June  2 
May  7 
May  15 
June  2 
Mayl 
May  20 
June  12 
June  16 
May  28 
May  8 
May  5 
May  5 
May  19 
May  24 


t.    Sale. 

Julyl 

June  23 

June  21 

June  10 

June  16    ■ 

June  2 

June  30 

June  6 

June  9 

May  20 

June  23 

May  31 

July  10 

May  15 

May  21 

June  20 

May  28 

June  6 

Julyl 

May  20 

June  10 

July  3 

July  10 

June  17 

May  28 

May  30 

May  24 

June  17 

June  10 


Secretary. 

M  Landers 
W  H  Lent 
W  A  M  Van  Bokkelen 


Wm  Willis 
Wm  H  Lent 
JWPew 
Joseph  Gruff 
R  Wegener 
J  M  Buftington 
T  E  Atkinson 
Wm  W  Parrish 
H  A  Whiting 
C  L  McCoy 
J  W  Pew 
Wm  H  Lent 
J  W  Morgan 
JWPew 
David  Wilder 
Jos  Roberts.  Jr 
C  V  D  Hubbard 
W  W  Stetson 
William  Stuart 
J  J  Applegate 
Wm  H  Watson 
W  H  Lent 
M  E  Sperling 
J  M  Bufflngton 
Mercer  Otey 
O  H  Bogart 


Place  of  Business    I 

309  Montgomery  st 

309  Montgomery  at 

;len  419  Cal  at 

309  Montgomery  at 

309  Montgomery  et 

310  Pine  et 

418  California  et 

414  California  at 

309  California  fit 

318  Pine  at 

328  Montgomery  at 

211  San  Home  Gt 

203  Bush  at 

310  Pine  at 

309  Montgomery  st 

318  Pine  at 

310  Pine  st 

328  Montgomery  at 

'  330  Pine  at 

203  Bush  st 

309  Montgomery  at 

320  Sansome' at 

331  Montgomery  at 

302  Montgomery  st 

309  Montgomery  at 

309  California  at 

309  California  at 

Gold  Hill,  Nev 

106  Leidesdorff  at 


OTHER  COMPANIES-NOT  ON  THE  LISTS  OP  THE  BOARDS. 


Amazon  Con  M  Co 
Alniaden  Q  M  Co 
Black  Hawk  G  M  Co 
Butte  Creek  H  M  Co 
Champion  M  Co 
Cherokee  Flat  Blue  Grav  Co 
Dudley  M  Co 
Eagle  S  M  &  M  Co 
Emigrant  S  M  Co 
Florence  Blue  Grav  M  Co  ' 
Globe  Con  M  Co 
Goodshaw  M  Co 
Hidalgo  M  &  S  Co 
Jupiter  M  Co 
Lewis  Con  S  M  Co 
Mayflower  Gravel  M  Co 
Mt  Jefferson  M  &  M  Co 
North  Bonanza  M  Co 
Northern  Light  G  &  S  M  Co 
North  Noonday  M  Co 
Noonday  M  Co 
Oro  M  Co 
Rocky  Point  M  Co 
Silver  King  South  M  Co 
Seg  Europa  M  Co 
Silver  Hill  M  Co 
Selby  Hill  M  Co 
Sophia  G  M  Co 
South  Utah  M  Co 
Tiger  M  Co 
Twin  Peak  M  Co 
University  G  M  Co 


Name  of  Company. 

Adams  Cou  M  Co 
Golden  Gate  Con  H  M  Co 
Pioneer  Con  M  Co 
Hussey  Con  G  &  S  M  Co 
San  Francisco  C  M  Co 
Silver  Hill  M  Co 


Nevada  6 

California  2 

California  5 

California  2 

California  3 

California  41 

California  3 

Nevada  13 

California  4 

California  4 

Nevada  11 

California  3 

California  1 

California  3 

Arizona  1 

California  4 

California  6 

Nevada  2 

California  4 

California  1 

California  2 

California  1 

California  1 

Arizona  3 

Nevada  1 

Nevada  6 

California  2 

California  1 

Nevada  2 

Arizona  3 

Nevada  2 

California  1 


10  Mar  24 
25  Apr  15 
25  Apr  28 
25  Apr  16 
15  Apr  15 
05  Apr  10 
25  Apr  8 
20  Apr  16 
50  May  10 
05  Apr  18 
10  Mar  29 
10  Apr  23 
01  Mar  29 
20  Apr  24 
Mar  26 


10  Mar  2 

05  Mar  21 

50  Apr  30 

10  Apr  9 

20  Mar  27 

20  Mar  27 

05  

10  Apr  17 

10  Mar  12 

25  Apr  4 

50  Apr  7 

15  MayS 

02i  Apr  23 

10  Apr  7 

30  Mar  14 

15  April 

10  Marl 


May  12 
May  17 
June  5 
May  17 
May  21 
May  12 
May  10 
May  20 
June  10 
May  22 
Apr  30 
May  30 
MayS 
May  26 
May  3 
Apr  30 
May  2 
June  4 
May  14 
May  2 
May  1 
May  8 
May  29 
Apr  23 
MayS 
May  13 
June  9 
May  26 
May  10 
Apr  23 
May  16 
Apr  5 


June  3 
June  10 
June  2S 
June  17 
June  10 
June  10 
June  9 
June  10 
June  30 
June  9 
May  26 
June  20 
JuneH 
June  25 
May  26 
May  20 
May  27 
June  29 
June  2 
May  23 
May  22 

June  16 
May  20 
May  27 
June  3 
June  26 
June  13 
May  31 
May  19 
June  5 
Apr  26 


Jno  Crockett 
J  F  Mahoney 
H  A  Charles 
R  L  Taylor 
Jno  Crockett 
R  N  Van  Brunt 
E  C  Masten 
Jno  E  Dixon 
B  W  Mudge 
F  A  McGee 
O  H  Bogart 
Victor  Fernbach 
J  CoBta 
E  C  Masten 
JWPew 
J  Morizio 
R  N  Van  Brunt 
W  W  Stetson 
S  F  Monroe 
G  A  Holden 
G  A  Holden 
William  Stuart 
T  L  Bibbins 
A  Judson 
R  B  Noyes 
W  E  Dean 
H  Aug  Whiting 
L  L  Blood 
C  S  Healy 


203  Bush  at 

207  Sansome  at 

419  California  at 

310  Pine  at 

203  Bush  st 

318  Pine  at 

309  Montgomery  at 

327  Pine  at 

309  Montgomery  at 

Merchants'  Ex 

106  Leidesdorff  at 

327  Pine  at 

323  Front  at 

309  Montgomery  at 

310  Pine  at 

328  Montgomery  Bt.  J 1 

318  Pine  at 
309  Montgomery  Rt,  ■ 
419  California  at 
310  Pine  st  , 
310  Pine  at 
320  Sansome  at  ; 

314  Bush  st 

320  Sansome  at 

240  Montgomery  at  . 

203  Bush  st 

211  Sansome  Bt 

Merchants'  Ex 

Merchants'  Exchange 


W  H  Lent  309  Montgomery  at 

T  W  Colburn  414  California  at 

Wm  Letts  Oliver        328  Montgm'y  at 


MEETINGS  TO  BE  HELD. 


Location.    Secretary.  ♦ 

WWTraylor 

California  J"o  T  Geoghehan 

Nevada  J  M  Buffington 

Nevada  Jno  E  Dixon 

P  Sanchez 

Nevada  W  E  Dean 


Office  in  S.  F. 

309  Montgomery[st 

318  Pine  st 

309  California  st 

327  Pine  st 

258  Market  st 

203  Bush  st 


Annual 
Special 
Special 
Annual 
Annual 
Annual 


LATEST  DIVIDENDS-WITHIN    THREE    MONTHS 


Name  of  Company. 

Con  Virginia  M  Co 
Excelsior  W  ft  M  Co 
Eureka  Cou  M  Co 
Napa  Con  Q  M  Co 
Standard  Con  MCo 


Location.    Secretary. 

Nevada    A  W  Haven 
California    G  P  Thurston 

Nevada    W  W  Traylor 
California    WmWParriah 
California    W  Willis 


Office  in  S.  F. 

SOU  Montgomery  st 

315  California  st 

37  Nevada  Block 

328  Montgomery  st 

309  Montgomery  st 


25 

1  00 

10 

50 


Date  r 
May  19  I 
May  23  '. 
May  19  1 
May  26  :, 
May  20  1 
May  26  . 


Pa TABLE i 
April  15  L 
Apr  21  I 
Apr  21  i 
Apr  30  ; 
Apr  12  ) 


210  Best  &  Belcher.. ,14i014i 

745  Belcher 4J043 

305  Bullion H 

290  Benton 3*' 

2380  California 707; 

1450  Con  Imperial.... 1.2001: 

595  Crown  Point 3.9"0 

185  Confidence ll@lli 

200  Caledonia 1.4001 

250  Challenge 2- 

420  Exchequer 4.45044 

70  Flowery 55c 

615  Could  ft  Curry 7607.' 

455  Hale  &  Nor 1OJ01O. 

255  Justice 303; 

315  Julia 303.40 

35  Kentuck 4_  . 

185  Lady  Bryan 50c 

245  Lady  Wash 1 

160  Leviathan 65(£    . 

525  Mexican 3103U 

50  MountaiiiVlew 7 

200  NewVTork 60c 

50  NorthConVir " 

485  N  Bonanza 1.20 

1550  Ophir 31*033 

165  Overman 7 

215  Savage 92093 

530  Sierra  Nevada.... 42*043 

415  Silver  Hill 1.30 

375  Scorpion 1.95_  . 

200  Solid  Silver 25c 

450  Trojan 5c 

215  Utah 13 

270  Union  Con 64J065 

205  Ward 85090 

83C  Yellow  Jacket...  1310133 


AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

800  Argenta 1. 40011 

500  Booker 45040c 

245  Belvidere 1085c 

185  Bulwer 114011: 

320  Bodie 9i@ 

405  Bechtel : 

100  Black  Hawk li. 

100  Belmont 40c 

300  Champion 

575  C  Pacific 2.60024 

500  Dudley ""    " 

100  Day 

600  Endowment. .  . 

85  Eureka  Con 17 

500  Fourth  July 35c 

320  Golden  Terra 144014 

25  Giant&O  A 5 

200  Goodshaw 25c 

300  Grand  Prize 3.4O03J 

50  Hamburg 40c 

4Q0  Hillside 21 

100  Highbridge 35c 

850  Independence... .2J02.9O 

30  Jackson 6 

300  Jupiter 50c 

9S0  Leopard U01.4O 

100  Leeds 75c 

200  Martin  White 7 

440  Mono 3.4003.35 

295  Navajo 20c 

1115  Noonday 1.     _ 

190  Northern  Belle. ...L.._.J 

25  Raymond  ft  Ely. 
100  Real  del  Monte. 
640  SBodie 

45  Silver  King 

120  Syndicate 2j©2.80 

210  S  Bulwer 

115  Tioga  Con.... 


250  Andes  20025c 

235  Best  ft  Belcher.  .1410149 

430  Belcher 505J 

600  Bullion 4104.35 

230  Benton 4J04.35 

215  California 6J07 

750  Crown  Point 4,40 

500  Con  Imperial 1.20 

180  Chollar 5J 

1058  Con  Virginia 6306S 

345  Confidence 12012 \ 

220  Caledonia 1.9502 

220  Challenge 2402.40 

350  C  Dorado 2.35 

300  Exchequer 43 

775  Flowery 75070c 

695  Gould  ft  Curry 8|081 

185  Hale&Nor 121012i 

220  Justice 3.2003$ 

50  Julia 3.3503.30 

50  Kentuck 4 

650  LBryan 45050c 

330  LadvWash 1.3001.35 

100  Leviathan 55c 

400  Mexican .314032 

50  MtView 5 

225  Mackey 1.1501.10 

900  New  York 55060c 

40  NConVir 10 

1350  N  Bonanza.... 1.4001. 55 
950  Ophir 361036} 

50  Overman 7j. 

120  Potosi 3.05 

130  Phil  Sheridan 45c 

155  Savage 1101U 

90  SierraNevada "..44i 

850  Succor 40050c 

590  Silver  Hill 1.8O01J 

455  Scorpion 2J02.55 

150  Solid  Silver 25c 

100  Trojan. 25c 

65  Utah 130131 

305  Union  Con 69068 

185  Ward 95c01 

270  Yellow  Jacket. .  .141014ft 

AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

200  Albion 30c 

930  Argenta 1101.20 

365  Bodie 11 

830  Bechtel 85090c 

500  Belle  Isle 40c 

270  Booker 45050c 

610  Belvidere 75@90c 

300  Black  Hawk 1401.40 

164  Bulwer 1OJ01H 

700  CPacific 2.8002.85 

300  Caledonia  (B  H). 3. 60034 

255  Day 40070c 

110  Eureka  Con 174018 

100  Giant&O  A 6 

10  Grand  Prize 3.20 

5C0  Independence 2.80 

200  Jupiter. 40c 

200  Leeds 70c 

1000  Leopard 1 .3501 .40 

615  Mono 3303.70 

30  McClinton 70c 

105  Manhattan 2402.40 

70  Northern  Belle 7 

400  Navajo 20c 

150  Noonday 2.35 

930  Oriental 50060c 

30  Raymond  &  Ely 3 

150  Silver  King 8 

560  SBodie 1.3501.30 

650  S  Bulwer. 50040c 

150  Summit 1.8501.90 

400  Star 45c 

100  Tuscarora 10c 

265  Tioga  Con- 2102 

150  Tiptop 75080c 

1100  Vortex 70060c 


Pacific  Board— Latest  Sales. 


We<T»flny  A.m.. 

Mnj  14. 

150 

16( 

INI 

155  Belcher 

..4j@4.70 

5 

30  Bullion 

4.30 

311 

60  Best  &  Belcher 

..1«@141 

ion 

25  Cod  Imperial. 

l.SC 

lull 

170  Con  Virginia. . 

..7J<a7.15 

1711 

30  California 

...6.95@7 

Ml 

50  Chollar 

5} 

511 

100  Crown  Point.. 

4 

VII 

100  Exchequer  . . . 

4.7C 

10 

160  Gould  &  Curry 

n<m 

611 

50  Hale  &  Nor. . . 

12 

211 

3.20@3.15 

Mill 

..3  10@31 

21  III 

150  Mexican 

..31j(M3li 

VII 

300  NewYork 

...SKS55C 

fill 

1S5  N  Bonanza. . . 

1.0501.30 

211 

160  Ophir 

. .  .34J@36 

urn 

30  Overman 

73 

(ft 

110  Silver  Hill.... 

..1.8001! 

325 

30  Savage 

10! 

120 

150  Union  Con.. . 

66J 

(HI 

70  Utah 

...13@131 

1321 

200  Ward 

95c 

1511 

180  Yellow  Jacket 

14 

IIKIII 

A  FTETtNOON  SESSION. 

III 

1.30 

10 

)  Andes 

)  Alta 6406.40  H 

)  Bechtel 760  ! 

i  Bodie 9 

I  Bull  0:1 4.35  : 

)  Black  Hawk 1.35  : 

)  Benton «  I 

)  BeBt  ft  Belcher....  140144  I 

1  Belcher 4.80  1 

I  Con  Imperial 1.20  ( 

I  Crown  Point 4104.30    'I 

1  Confidence Ill  tl 

)  Con  Virginia 71071    tl 

)  Exchequer 4.70    [J 

)  Gould&Curry 8    ■ 

)  Herald 30o    |l 

I  Haleft  Nor 123012      1 

)  Justice 3.20    || 

Julia 3.35     J 

)  Mackey .1    j  ] 

i  Mexican 3210318 

I  New  York 55(&50c    I  ] 

1  N  Bonanza 1.1501.20      J 

)  Ophir 3600351 

)  Overman 7fi    { ' 

>  Succor 35c    1 

)  Silver  Hill 1.85 

"3  Bodie 40c    H 

J  Utah 131 

I  Union  Con 67    L 


California  Board— Latest  Sales. 


Wcd'sday  A.  M.,  May  14. 

120  jEtna 10c 

20  Alpha 16'@16f 

80  Alta 0i@6i 

100  Atlanta lc 

250  Andes 33@25l 

40  Belcher 4JB4J 

60  Beat  &  Belcher.  ..13i@13t 

300  Brilliant 50c 

20  Bullion 4.05(94.10 

140  Caledonia. 1.85@1.80 

60  California 6S@7 

60  Con  Virginia 7* 

250  Con  Imperial 1.15 

40  CrownPoint 4.10 

50  Challenge 2.45(co2i 

80  Exchequer 4.80r* 

100  Globe 

90  Gould  &  Curry. .  .7407.65 

200  HuHHey 15c 

120  Julia 3i 

80  Justice 3i@3.20 

50  Lady  Wash 11 

40  Mexican 31i@31J 

100  Monumental 2c 

250  New  York 55@60c 

30  Ophir 35)035! 

30  Savage 100101 

50  Sierra  Nevada. .  .4410441 

100  Silver  Hill 1.85 

50  Silver  Jacket 75c 

1700  UFlag 4c 

135  Ward 1 

40  Yellow  Jacket  .  .13J013J 

AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

40  Alpha 16J<ai6j 


50  Alta 6J@6J 

400  J?tna 10c 

175  Argenta 11@1.20 

70  Belcher 4.9004.95 

20  Bullion 4.3504.30 

150  Brilliant 20@25c 

40  Bests  Belcher...  14J0141 

70  California 6l@7 

40  Con  Virginia 7J071     I 

30CrownPoint 4.40   f" 

90  Caledonia 1 .  9002 

500  CosoCon So 

70  Exchequer 41@4j 

200  Enterprise 1} 

80  Gould  &  Curry 8108} 

100  Golden  Chariot 5o 

150  Glynn  Dale 70o 

300  Goodshaw 25023c 

50  Hale&Nor 1210121 

10  Julia 3} 

40  Justice 3103.30 

200  L  Bryan 45(a;42Jo 

40  Mexican 32i@32j 

100  Newark 20c 

100  NewYork .560 

50  Ophir 37037) 

500  SUtah lc 

100  S  Bodie 40o 

30  Savage 1110118 

30  SierraNevada 450454 

110  Silver  Hill 1.80 

100  S  Bulwer. 60o 

100  Succor 40035c 

20  Tiger H 

20  Union  Con 67057J 

200  WellB-Fargo 5c 

20  Yellow  Jacket . .  .14J014! 


Transactions  in  miniDg  stocks  are  rapidly 
increasing  in  New  York. 


May  17,  1879.1 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


317 


Mining  Share  Market 

As  might  be  expected  from  the  nature  of  our 
>eople  and  the  course  of  preceding  events,  the 
itoclc  market  for  the  greater  part  of  the  past 
reek  has  been  in  a  condition  of  depression  and 
lemoralixation.  Tho  surprise  at  the  unexpected 
ray  in  which  the  election  turned,  naturally 
aused  stocks  to  tumble,  and  the  timidity  of  deal- 
is  has,  for  the  most  part,  kept  the  market  at  a 
ery  low  ebb.  Everybody  seemed  confused  and 
iesiroua  of  holding  off  till  it  could  be  seen  how 
he  market  would  adapt  itself  to  the  new  oider 
f  things.  And  early  in  the  week  the  uucer- 
ainity  bad  the  effect  of  bringing  out  a  large 
ine  of  "  shorts.  " 

The  panic  was  further  increased  by  a  lessen- 
og  of  favorable  reports  from  the  Comstocks. 
)n  Tuesday,  however,  a  better  condition  of 
hings  prevailed,  and  the  stock  people  seemed 
0  have  again  regained  their  confidence.  The 
tronger  tone  was  particularly  evident  in  the 
rater  stocks  and  their  neighbors.  The  north 
udera  also  reached  higher  figures,  and  in  mauy 
thera  there  was  a  moderately  active  market. 
Vhat  this  change  purports  it  is  hard  to  say. 
'robably  it  is  due  to  the  better  tone  of  things 
eard  from  the  Comstocks,  resultiug  from 
'  finds  "  and  the  approach  of  the  Sutro  drain  to 
ompletion.  In  any  case  the  general  impression 
eema  to  be  that  it  is  the  foundation  of  a 
tronger  and  firmer  market  somewhere  in  the 
ear  future. 


Vnlcan  Blasting  Powder. 

The  Vulcan  Powder  Company,  of  this  city, 
iave  just  issued  a  little  pamphlet  devoted  to  a 
lesoription  of  their  peculiar  products,  and  giv- 
Dg  directions  for  its  use.  There  are  three  grades 
aade.  No.  1  for  very  hard  rock,  boulders,  iron, 
to.;  No.  2  for  sinking  and  drifting  in  medium 
tard  rock,  sandstone,  limestone,  etc. ;  No.  3, 
or  bench  work,  pipe  clay,  cement,  soft  and 
lielly  rock,  quarrying,  etc. 

We  quote  the  following  paragraphs  from  the 
lamphlet  referred  to: 

"Prior  to  the  introduction  of  Vulcan  blasting 
nwder,  the  amount  of  "high  grade  explosives" 
taed  was  small  compared  to  the  present  con- 
nmption.  This  was  largely  owing  to  the  prices 
hen  demanded.  Knowing  that  reasonable  rates 
or  powder  would  stimulate  our  mining  indus- 
.ries,  and,  by  a  reduction  in  running  expenses, 
incourage  the  working  of  many  abandoned 
nines,  we  have  made  it  our  rule  to  sell  as 
thoaply  as  possible;  and  we  claim  that  it  is 
iwing  to  our  efforts  that  miners  can  now  get 
>etter  powder  for  less  money  than  they  could 
our  years  ago. 

"Believing  that  merit  will  win,  it  lias  been  our 
dm  to  place  on  the  market  the  best  powder 
nanufactured  in  the  United  State  We  have 
mcceeded,  and  are  now  producing  an  explosive. 
n  which  the  following  essential  qualities  are 
jombined: 

"lBt.  Strength. — The  various  grades  of  Vul- 
:an  are  stronger  than  corresponding  grades  of 
ither  manufacture.  Vulcan  is  the  true  explo- 
sive; every  particle  exerts  force;  it  contains  no 
jnert  matter;  therefore  not  an  iota  of  powder  is 
iost.  The  testimony  of  those  who  have  used 
Vulcan  substantiates  this  claim,  and  we  ask 
consumers  to  test  it  for  themselves. 
!  "2d,  Uniformity. — It  ia  a  matter  of  great 
Importance  to  miners,  that  the  powder  they  use 
ihould  be  uniform  in  quality,  and  reliable.  Our 
process  of  manufacture  is  bo  systematized  that 
Vulcan  powder  is  always  of  uniform  strength. 
"3d.  Safety. — Vulcan  powder  is  strongly  re- 
commended for  its  safety  in  transit,  storage  and 
nanipulation. 

I  "4th.  Freedom  from  Fumes. — The  absorbent 
ised  in  Vulcan  powder  is  completely  decom- 
»osed  by  its  explosion  ;  the  smoke  passes  off 
[uickly,  and  miners  can  then  resume  work 
vithout  experiencing  the  unpleasant  sensations 
lustomary  with  other  "high  explosives."  In 
he  manufacture  oi  the  latter,  a  non-explosive 
absorbent  is  employed;  and  consequently,  after 
1 blast,  the  air  is  filled  with  the  minute  par- 
icles  of  this  neutral  absorbent.  This  dust 
latches  the  fumes  from  the  explosion,  and  holds 
hem  in  suspension  for  a  long  time  ;  hence  the 
leadache  and  nausea  caused  by  the  sickening 
itid  noxious  fumes  peculiar  to  these  imperfect 
>owders. 

"5th.  Cheapness.— The  Vulcan  Powder  Co., 
argely  composed  of  consumers  of  blasting 
wwders,  has  been  appropriately  called  the 
Consumers'  Company.  Such  being  the  case, 
md  since  our  business  is  conducted  economically 
is  well  as  systematically,  we  defy  competition." 
The  pamphlet  may  be  obtained  from  the  Vul- 
:an  Po  wder  Company,  No.  123  California  Btreet, 
n  this  city. 

Bullion  Shipments. 

Since  our  last  issue,  we  have  noticed  the  fol- 
lowing bullion  shipments: 

Ophir,  May  9th,  $42,109.14;  Standard  Con., 
May  10th,  829,248.92;  Paradise  Valley,  May 
*th,  $3,831.06;  Christy  Con.,  May  19th,  $5.- 
290.  -'•' 

One  hundred  striking  miners  stopped  work 
it  Elrich  &  Co.'s  mine,  Indiana,  and  being 
nearly  famished  devoured  the  contents  of  the 
[uineran  lunch  baskets. 


ining   Summary. 


Th*  following  U  mostly  condensed  frotn  journals  pub- 
lished Id  the  interior,  in  proximity  to  the  mines  mentioned. 


CALIFORNIA. 
ALPINE. 

Illinois  California.— Surruif,  May  7:  operations  hive 
boon  suspended  on  this  mine.  Messrs.  Hunt  and  HiU-y 
have  completed  their  oontrMt,  running  several  Inches 
more  thin  was  required  by  the  agreement  The  rock  Iti 
the  face  of  the  tunnel  is  quite  soft,  with  more  or  less 
water,  which,  taking  into  consideration  the  ehunirter  of 
the  rock  passed  through,  and  vbsence  of  water,  is  thought 
to  bean  excellent  Indication  of  the  clow  proximity  "'  him 

fftdfte.      Mr.  Hunt  thinks  that   if   the    lodge   bai  DOt    been 
cut  or  slid  oft,  that  it  certainly  should  be  found  in  60  ft. 

AMADOR. 

Oood  Prospect.—  Dispatch,  May  10:  Messrs.  Lorraine 
and  Marshall  have  commenced  taking  rock  from  a  ledge 
they  discovered  near  Jackson  Gate,  which  shows  very 
Battering  indications.  Free  gold  can  he  neen  scattered 
through  it  in  abundance.  Therock.it  Is  calculated,  will 
yield  at  least  800  per  ton.  Tim  ledge  varies  from  one  and 
a  half  to  fouf*ft  wide. 

Sutter  Creek.— A  fresh  recruit  of  miners  have  been  set 
to  work  on  t*>e  Mahoiioy  mill*),  and  things  thereabouts  are 
assuming  a  lively,  business-like  aspect.  They  projHise  to 
sink  a  perjHindicuIar  shaft  to  tho  depth  of  1,000  ft,  and  it 
is  thought  that  it  will  take  about  a  year  to  complete  It. 
The  new  hoisting  works  at  the  Amador  mine  are  nearly 
completed,  and  it  is  expected  that  they  will  get  steam  up 
about  the  last  of  tho  present  month. 

CALAVERAS. 

Shrki*  Kvnch.— Chronicle,  May  10:  The  mine  which 
was  formerly  the  Ferguson  &l  Wallace,  Mr.  William  Clary 
Superintendent,  givos  employment  to  about  80  men.  The 
machinery  is  in  charge  of  Mr.  B.  F.  Howard,  who  is  chief 
engineer  and  machinest.  The  mill  has  '20  stamps  and  all 
the  modern  improvements  for  extracting  the  precious 
BtufI  from  the  rock.  The  hoisting  works  arc  some  180  ft 
from  the  mill,  and  as  the  rock  Is  hoisted  from  the  shaft  It 
Is  run  by  car  to  the  stamps.  The  shaft  is  300  ft  in  depth, 
with  rich  rock  at  the  bottom.  The  drilling  in  the  mine  is 
done  to  a  great  extent  by  one  of  Ingcrsoll's  compressed 
air  drills. 

Golden  State  Copper  Mine.— This  mine  is  seven  miles 
west  of  Copperopolis,  one  and  a  half  miles  east  of  Tele- 
graph City,  located  on  Sheeley  gulch.  This  property  is 
"owned  by  parties  residing  at  Live  Oaks,  San  Joaquin 
county.  The  mine  is  under  the  superintendency  of  Mr 
Oxetidine.  At  present  It  Is  looking  well.  A  two-ft  vein- 
at  a  depth  of  50  ft.  Shipments  of  ore  to  Milton  will  be 
made  soon. 

Owis  Mike.— Work  at  the  Owiu  mine,  despite  the  large 
amount  of  water  encountered,  is  progressing  favorably. 
The  Alexander  shaft  is  being  put  down  as  fast  as  possible, 
and  the  ore  mined  is  fully  up  to  the  standard  of  good  mill- 
ing rock.  The  completion  of  the  Alexander  shaft  will  put 
the  mine  in  better  condition  for  working  to  advantage 
than  ever  before  and  greatly  lessen  tho  difficulty  now  ex- 
perienced from  an  excess  of  water. 
DEL  NORTE. 

Quartz  Mining. — A  company  has  been  formed  for  the 
purpose  of  working  a  golu-bearing  quartz  ledge  in  the 
Bald  hills,  situated  about  14  miles  from  Crescent  City. 
The  quartz  is  said  to  be  very  rich  with  gold,  and  it  ib 
thought  will  prove  a  bouanza  to  its  owners  when  properly 
developed. 

INYO- 

MODOCK.— Independent,  May  3:  Tuntiel,  1000  level,  run 
48  ft,  making  total  length  1,628  ft.  Shaft  from  300  level 
sunk  13  ft,  it  being  now  down  301  ft.  Upraise  from  1000 
level  raised  10  ft;  present  night  of  raise,  112  ft.  Distance 
between  bottom  of  shaft  and  top  of  raise,  75  ft.  From 
present  appearances,  the  connection  should  be  made  in 
three  weeks,  or  four  at  tho  outside,  when  prospecting  vein 
matter  pasBed  through  in  the  tunnel  can  be  begun  at 
once.  Ground  in  face  of  tunnel  continues  the  same. 
Easy-breaking  white  lime,  such  as  is  found  next  to  ore- 
ground  in  East  Confidence  upper  level.  Work  for  the 
past  week  has  made  good  headway  at  all  points. 

New  Coso,— The  New  Coao  furnace  at  Darwin  is  receiv- 
ing ore  from  the  Modock,  Minnietta  and  Cuiter.  A  lot  of 
12  tons  more  \b  to  go  from  the  Ygnacio.  Boley  &  Tuttle 
have  from  10  to  12  tons  of  their  rich  ore,  which  Mr.  Wood- 
hull,  of  this  point,  is  to  go  down  aud  attend  to  the  sampl- 
ing, assaying,  etc.,  for  the  owners. 

Clean  Up.— The  Mammoth  mill,  at  Lake,  after  a  run  of 
22  days,  began  a  clean-up  and  expected  to  make  its  first 
shipment  of  gold,  amount!'-  \  to  8100,000. 

A  Larob  Ledge. —Mr.  S.  E.  Deuamore  lately  brought  in 
some  very  fine-looking  specimens  of  rich  base-metal  ore 
from  a  new  discovery  of  his  near  the  summit  of  Inyo 
range.  There  is  a  solid  ledge  seven  ft  in  width,  the  ore 
carrying  about  60  ounces  of  Bilver  per  ton. 

MONO 

Cos.  Pacific—  Eodie  Standard,  May  9:  A  rich  strike 
has  been  made  in  Con.  Pacific,  a  mining  enterprise  located 
on  the  western  brow  of  Bodie  bluff,  or  rather  High  peak, 
under  which  the  rich  chimneys  of  the  Bulwer,  etc.,  are 
found.  The  winze  on  ledge  No.  2  was  sunk  to  a  dopth  of 
132£  ft  below  the  old  tunnel  on  line  of  ledge,  or  a  depth 
of  about  160  ft  from  the  surface.  At  this  point  a  cross- 
cut was  run  east  a  distance  of  36  ft  for  the  purpose  of 
tapping  ledge  No.  1.  This  crosscut  was  a  complete  suc- 
cess, for  the  ledge  was  cut  and  found  to  be  upwards  of  20 
inches  ih  width  and  quite  rich,  free  gold  being  visible  in 
the  ore  at  a  number  of  places.  The  fissure  is  perfectly  de- 
fined and  the  filling  of  ore  decomposed  and  easily  sepa- 
rated and  extracted.  This  ledge  was  crosscut  from  the 
above-mentioned  tunnel,  where  it  resembles  in  extent  and 
character  that  below,  but  is  less  decomposed  and  rich. 
Ledge  No.  2  more  than  held  ila  own  all  the  way  down  the 
winze,  having  a  width  of  from  18  inches  upwards,  and  the 
ore  getting  richer  with  depth.  Both  ledges  dip  to  the 
east.  This  gives  the  company  two  "backs'  of  150  ft  hight 
each,  and  200  ft  in  length  at  least,  of  an  excellent  grade  of 
milling  ore.  It  is  proposed  to  sink  a  winze  on  ledge  No. 
1,  at  the  point  where  recently  crosscut,  aud  to  a  depth 
equal  to  that  on  No.  2.  This  work  will  develop  the  north 
end  of  the  claim  to  a  depth  of  300  ft,  or  perhaps  to  a  level 
with  the  Bulwer  tunnel,  which  will  pass  through  the 
ground  a  convenient  diBtance  north  of  the  winze.  At  a 
more  southerly  portion  of  the  claim,  or  about  500  ft  from 
trie  winzes,  a  main  working  shaft,  double  compartment 
and  well  timbered,  is  down  220  ft.  It  in  to  be  sunk  to  250 
ft  before  crosscutting  will  be  inaugurated.  In  the  mean- 
time, hoisting  works  are  contemplated.  This  Bhaft  al- 
ready promises  interesting  developments,  as  quartz  is 
coming  in,  with  an  eastern  pitch,  that  assays  in  gold. 
This  was  observed  at  a  depth  of  210  ft,  where  the  cap  rock 
or  loose  formation  was  passed  through.  This  shaft  is 
judiciously  located  on  the  bench  west  of  the  Bodie,  where 
the  latter  struck  it  so  rich.  The  claim  is  300  by  1,400  ft 
In  dimensions;  title  perfect. 

Thb  Syndicate.— The  quartz  indications  have  been 
gathering  force,  until  a  ledge  about  10  inches  in  thickness 
has  formed  of  a  grade  that  would  well  pay  to  mill,  accord- 
ing to  every  teat  applied,  with  more  stringers  and  every 
feature  of  the  formation  tending  to  the  belief  that  a  very 
important  development  is  not  far  distant.  The  water  is 
still  strong  and  suggestive  of  a  permanent  ledge  of  no 
small  proportions  somewhere  in  the  neighborhood.  The 
ledge,  stringers  and  incasing  rock  dip  to  the  west  at  an 
angle  of  about  60°.  The  header  of  the  tunnel  is  about 
under  the  crest  of  Bodie  bluff,  or  700  ft  from  the  surface. 
This  showing  of  quartz  seems  to  come  up  deep  from  the 
south,  the  tunnel  running  in  under  it. 

Standard.-  The  most  gratifying  development  In  the 
Standard  claim  is  the  showing  of  the  old  lode  north  from 
the  new  works.  The  ledge  is  drifted  on  toward  the  north 
line,  a  distance  of  170  ft;  it  dips  very  flat  to  the  west,  and 
corresponding  to  that  between  the  650  and  C50  levels  In 


old  incline.  The  ore  body  hu  been  widening  very  ma- 
terially for  over  100  ft  In  drift,  and  is  now  all  but  six  ft  in 
width  of  clean  Vein  matter  tiul  "ill  null  over  9 100  per  ton. 
Walls  perfect.  An  upraise  to  connect  with  old  works  is 
In  40  ft.  An  east  crosscut  from  the  north  drift  In  63  ft; 
cut  an  lS-iuch  ledge  of  good  ore.  Winze  on  the  Cook  or 
Burgess  ledge  is  down  40  ft,  aud  In  ore  of  high  grade.  The 
drift  OK  'he  Uilden  ledge  is  140  ft  in  leugih,  mid  in  same 
dean  vein  as  usual.  The  crosscuts  east  aud  went  on  the 
700  level  are  respectively  extended  over  70  aud  90  ft;  gen- 
erullv  hard  ground.  Stringers  of  quartz  are  also  a  feature. 
In  the  old  works,  above  tho  200  level,  a  groat  quantity  of 
ore  is  being  laid  hare,  and  in  Hie  onMttl  OMt.  MW  level, 
Den  ground  of  Importance  is  developing  between  Stand- 
ard and  Summit. 

BVLWII  —Drifting  on  the  Stonewall,  400  level,  is  north 
53  ft;  south  43  ft.  Ledge  broken,  but  less  so  than  hereto- 
fore. From  drifts  above,  ore  Is  being  obtained  to  supply 
the  Sodlo  mill;  main  drift  south,  400  level,  on  the  Bali- 
ton,  now  near  500  ft  in  length  all  tho  way  in  ore,  is  still 
being  extended. 

NEVADA. 

Placer  Notes.  —  Tranncript,  May  10:  The  Polar  Star 
loud  Southern  CrotS  HfcVfl  Dover  yielded  better  than  thU 
season.  The  Polar  Sur  has  now  dirt  capable  ol  yielding 
$1,000  for  24  hour*' run.  Tho  two  claims  emptor  35  white 
men  or  more,  at  $2.50  a  day.  The  clean-up  in  the  Frank- 
lin, though  not  us  good  as  reported,  is  still  encouraging, 
and  the  company  have  determined  to  prepare  the  mine 
for  drifting  after  the  water  ceases  It  is  their  intention 
to  run  a  drill  entirely  through  their  ground  for  drift  dirt 
during  the  summer.  The  Central,  owned  by  the  Cedar 
Creek  Co.,  recently  guve  quite  a  handsome  clean-up.  The 
company  have  a  full  quantity  of  hands  at  work  night  and 
day.  At  Little  York  they  use  two  pipes  with  3,000  inches 
of  wat.-r,  employing  23  white  men  and  about  tho  same 
number  of  Chinese.  At  Christmas  Hill,  four  white  men 
and  eight  Chinese.  At  Liberty  Hill,  16  white  men  and 
5  Chinese.  Mr.  Morgan  anticipates  water  for  the  usual 
length  of  time,  ond  regards  his  prospects  all  around  as 
very  flattering  this  season.  The  mines  at  You  Bet  are 
also  yielding  well  this  season.  The  Hussey.  worked  for 
20  years,  never  paid  better.  Only  one  pipe  carrying  450 
Inches  of  water  Is  used  here.  The  Nevada  mines,  owned 
by  Mr.  Hayward,  at  You  Bet,  are  giving  large  returns. 
Four  claims  are  run  in  this  property,  employ  ing  36  white 
men,  and  a  few  Chinamen  being  hired  only  in  one  of  the 
four,  on  account  of  the  return  of  the  work.  They  use  2,400 
inches  of  water,  with  a  bank  130  ft  deep,  and  have  water 
all  tho  year.  Tho  surface  dirt  will  last  Ave  or  six  years 
yet.  The  Bird's-eye  Creek  mining  company,  owned  by 
the  English  company,  gives  the  same  flattering  account. 
Forty  white  men  are  employed  there,  with  som<j  Chinese. 
Two  thousand  inches  of  water  at  used,  which  Mr.  Powers 
calculates  will  hold  out  until  tho  1st  of  September.  Wage* 
through  this  Bection  range  from  $2.60  to  $3  a  day.  At 
Mr.  Hayward's  mine,  the  hands  are  boarded  at  a  charge  of 
Bix  bits  a  day  per  man.  The  decision  against  tho  mine* 
obtained  in  the  late  debris  trial  at  Marysville,  will  not  be 
enforced  this  season,  if  the  owners  of  the  mines  involved 
use  all  diligence  in  bringing  the  case  before  the  Supreme 
Court.  The  only  claim  in  Shady  Run  working  at  present 
is  the  Live  Yankee.  The  owners  are  now  drifting  parallel 
with  the  channel  and  getting  good  pay.  At  Blue  Canyon, 
only  the  Hartnell  hydraulic  mine  is  at  work.  The  owner 
reports  good  returns. 

Tim  Kenton  Mine. — The  prospects  of  the  Kenton  quartz 
mine,  near  Alleghany  City,  Sierra  county,  are  daily  im- 
proving. An  extensive  body  of  rich  ore  is  developed  and 
ready  for  extraction.  Over  1,000  tons  is  now  in  Bight  in 
the  mine.  The  taking  out  and  crushing  has  now  been 
going  on  for  several  weeks,  and  with  highly  favorable 
results,  There  is  sufficient  water  to  run  all  the  machinery, 
and  the  expense  is  consequently  light.  About  20  skilled 
miners  are  now  employed  at  the  Kenton,  besides  a  con- 
siderable force  of  other  workmen. 

PLACER. 

The  Franklin.— Dutch  Flat  Forum,  May  8:  The  Frank- 
lin Uravel  mining  company,  of  this  place,  are  running 
powder  drifts  and  fitting  their  claim  preparatory  for  an- 
other run  under  the  supervision  of  E.  Miner.  They  will 
burn  9,000  pounds  of  Judson  powder  the  latter  part  of  this 
week.  The  gravel  looks  well  in  this  mine,  and  good  re- 
sults are  anticipated  from  this  run. 

The  Mountain  Chief.—  Herald,  May  10:  This  is  the 
name  of  a  new  mine  that  is  being  developed  on  the  Forest 
hill  divide,  near  the  Sugar  Pine  mill.  From  prospects 
heretofore  made,  and  other  indications,  there  is  supposed 
to  be  an  immense  gravel  channel,  rich  In  gold,  lying  under 
the  ridge,  and  crossing  in  the  vicinity  of  iho  Sugar  Pine 
mill.  With  the  views  of  prospecting  for  this  channel,  a 
number  of  local  capitalists  and  miners  associated  them- 
selves together  some  time  ago,  and  commenced  opera- 
tions. They  gave  to  their  mine  the  name,  Mountain  Chief. 
The  company  consists  of  J.  B.  Sellier,  M.  Hoffman,  D. 
Bowers,  F.  Outhouse,  John  Bcckstrom,  Geo.  Hill  and 
Wm.  Smith.  The  immensity  of  the  channel  known  to 
underlie  ihe  location  attracts  much  interest  to  their  en- 
terprise. If  they  find  the  gravel  as  rich  as  expected,  there 
are  raillionB  of  money,  we  are  told,  ready  to  be  invested 
in  that  section  at  once.  They  are  now  down  on  their 
incline  about  330  ft,  and  the  indications  at  that  depth  are 
very  favorable. 

SHASTA. 

Holcomb'8.— Cor.  Independent,  May  8:  Mr.  Holcomb 
had  rock  assayed  from  three  different  ledges,  with  the 
following  result,  per  ton:  The  first  croppings  in  gold, 
$78;  the  second,  four  ft  from  the  surface,  in  copper,  833 
and  silver,  $2.72;  the  third  cropping,  in  copper,  $23.  Mr. 
Holcomb  has  what  he  suppose*  to  be  a  deposit  of  cinnabar, 
in  a  cut  about  15  ft  deep.  The  rock  (apparently  a  ledge) 
is  of  a  dark  red  color,  dotted  with  bmall  dotB  of  light  red, 
resembling  the  color  of  the  vermilion  of  commerce.  The 
rock  apparently  is  seamy,  and  on  being  separated,  the 
parts  are  found  to  be  coated  with  a  very  thin  coating  of  a 
mineral  resembling  in  color  sulphuret  of  mercury.  The 
bank  over  this  ledge  is  of  a  red  color  tinged  with  purple. 
Through  small  fissures  in  the  rock  and  bank  issues  a  soft 
white  substance,  which  resembles  tallow,  in  feel,  and 
up  -n  which  Are  has  the  same  effect  as  upon  ordinary 
rock. 

SIERRA. 

A  Rich  Strike.— Downievllle  Messenger,  May  3:  A 
rich  deposit  of  gravel  haB  recently  been  discovered,  or 
rather  stumbled  on,  in  Howland  Flat,  that  bids  fair  to  rival 
in  extent  of  product,  anything  that  has  hitherto  been  de- 
veloped on  the  famous  Blue  Lead.  A  few  weeks  bIiicc,  a 
couple  of  enterprising  mining  experts.  Conroy  and  Kelly, 
started  to  prospect  the  locality  of  Bull's  Run,  where  by 
perseverance  and  industry,they  have  succeeded  in  finding  a 
valuable  piece  of  mining  ground,  that  had  by  some  chance 
escaped  the  notice  of  all  formerprospectors.  While  tracing 
the  course  of  a  stream  of  pay  gravel,  found  upon  the  edge 
of  the  ravine,  they  discovered  a  "blind  channel,"  and 
upon  prospecting,  they  discovered  an  immense  depoait  of 
pay  gravel. 

NEVADA. 
WASHOE  DISTRICT. 

Union  Con.— Gold  Hill  News,  May  13:  The  north  drift, 
2000  level,  is  now  in  270  fl  from  the  south  line,  the  face  in 
hard  blasting  porphyry.  The  drift  running  south  on  the 
2300  level  from  the  2200  level  of  the  Siorra  Nevada  incline 
is  now  122  ft  in  and  continues  to  cut  a  vein  formation 
carrying  streaks  of  clay. 

Sierra  Nevada  —The  incline  has  still  30  ft  to  go  to 
reach  the  2400  level,  and  will  then  be  continued  for  a 
sump.  The  water  continues  strong,  but  is  well  handled 
by  the  pumps.  The  work  of  extracting  ore  on  the  2200 
level  has  been  commenced,  and  soon  the  average  amount 
taken  out  will  be  70  tons  per  day.  What  ore  is  taken  out 
is  being  stored  at  the  Mariposa  mill,  which  will  be  set 
to  crushing  it  as  soon  a  sufficient  amount  has  accumu- 
lated to  insure  it  steady  work. 

Justice.—  The  drift,  1300  level,  along  tho  west  wall  is 
being  continued  and  1b  opening  up  a  formation  of  ex- 
ceeding promise,  the  quartz  seams  being  Btronger  and  the 
ore  bunches  larger  and  richer  than  in  the  crosscut  lead- 
ing in. 


Con.  lMFERiAL.--The  new  air  compressor  is  lu  place  and 
working  well,  and  work  has  been  resumed  throughout 
the  mine.  The  Alpha  Joint  winze  in  being  continued  on 
down,  the  engine  there  having  been  altered  to  a  counter- 
balance. 

VU\u  a\  -The  Joint  Dillon  winze  from  the  1000  level  Is 
a  progress  on  account  of  the  clayey  nature  of 
materia]  encountered  and  water  Bowing  In.  The 
drift,  2000  level,  connecting  the  top  of  the  joint  Ophlr  up- 
raise with  the  main  north  drift,  has  been  enlarged  and 
limbered,  rendering  ventilation  in  that  part  of  the  mine 
much  better. 

Savaok.— The  work  of  rotimbering  the  incline  and  of 
repairing  the  north  lateral  drift,  1600  level,  itgolng  on  as 
USUal  Thfl  water  is  now  about  0o  ft  on  the  incline  below 
where  it  origiuully  Btood. 

IjUTRO  TpMnu*— Work  has  boon  commenced  on  thoBub- 
draiu  as  fur  up  as  the  Julia  branch.  There  are  now  1200 
met)  employed,  and  thy  tunnel  will  be  ready  about  the 

middle  of  June. 

Mi.uniT.  —The  south  drift,  2500  level,  Is  averaging  four 
ft  per  day,  Its  face  In  porphyry,  clay  and  quartz,  413  ft 
from  the  Incline.  The  mans  of  clay  and  quartz  mixed 
which  in  encountered  In  thU  part  of  the  mine  is  greatly 
In  excess  of  anything'  over  found  before  on  the  west  side 
of  the  vein.  The  crosscut,  2300  level,  on  the  south  line 
has  penetrated  quartz  a  distance  of  30  ft,  average  assays 
from  which  are  §7. 

Julia  Con.—  Owing  to  tho  bursting  of  the  water  cylinder 
lu  the  No.  9  Knowles  pump  on  the  2000  level,  allowing 
that  to  be  flooded,  nothing  has  been  since  done  toward 
repairing  the  broken  drifts.  The  water  was,  however, 
oloaned  OUl  and  work  resumed. 

Best  A:  BftkCHIB.— The  Joint  east  crosscut,  1700  level, 
is  now  in  B82  ft,  the  face  hi  a  soil  vein  formation  of  por- 
phyry and  clay,  which  requires  close  timbering.  The 
drain  tunnel  connected   Saturday  after  having  run  400  ft. 

North  Con.  Vikoihu.— Sinking  is  going  on  as  u-ual, 
the  boitm  of  tho  shaft  being  32  ft  below  the  1700  level 
and  in  hard  blasiiug  porphyry. 

-SiLVKii  Hill.— The  incline  has  reached  tho  1300  level 
and  will  bo  continued  40  ft  further  for  a  sump.  Workings 
from  the  south  drift  from  the  new  Waller  Defeat  shaft  are 
being  prosecuted,  aud  have  encountered  six  ft  of  low- 
gradu  ore,  which  will  pay  to  extract  and  mill. 

Crown  Point.— Drifting  north,  2500  level,  crosBCUttlng 
joint  with  Belcher  on  the  same  level  and  127  ft  further 
north,  and  sinking  tho  winze  from  the  2600  level. 

Overman.— The  winze  below  the  1000  level  Is  being  con- 
tinued as  usual.  In  the  north  drift,  same  level,  the  time 
has  been  9pent  of  late  in  putting  in  a  drain. 

Yellow  Jacket.— The  new  shaft  is  averaging  four  and 
one-half  ft  per  day  in  Increased  depth,  and  is  now  down 
2,614  ft.  A  drift  has  been  started  irom  the 2600  station  to 
meet  that  running  toward  the  shaft  on  the  24u0  level  of 
the  old  works  and  has  been  advanced  40  ft. 

Con.  Virginia.—  Tho  repairs  to  the  machinery,  etc.,  of 
the  C  &  C  shaft  have  been  completed,  and  active  opera- 
tions have  been  transferred  to  it  from  the  Consolidated 
shaft,  except  on  the  850  and  1500  levels.  Work  hao  ac- 
cordingly been  resumed  in  the  south  drift,  2150  level,  in 
joint  winze  No.  3,  1950  level. 

Alta.— The  station  at  the  1750  level  of  the  joint  Benton 
incline  winze  is  being  opened  up.  The  timbers  of  the 
north  drift,  1550  level,  into  benton  ground,  are  still  being 
eased.  This  work  will  be  completed  the  first  of  the  com- 
ing week. 

California.— The  Joint  west  drift,  850  level,  is  averag- 
ing four  and  one-half  ft  per  day  iu  a  formation  changing 
from  porphyry  to  vein  material;  total  length,  155  ft.  Joint 
crosscut  No.  i ,  1850  level,  has  been  started  up  again.  It 
is  being  run  west  from  a  point  102  ft  south  of  winze  No.  8. 

Utah. — Sinking  is  going  on  in  tho  incline,  the  bottom 
being  in  a  harder  and  better  formation,  bo  that  it  is  no 
longer  necessary  to  drive  lagging  ahead.  The  water  la 
about  the  same.  Total  depth  of  the  incline,  495  ft  on  the 
stope  below  the  1350  level. 

Opoir. — A  drift  has  been  started  north  from  the  bottom 
of  No.  1  winze  from  the  2000  to  tho  2100  level,  and  is  fol- 
lowing the  ore  vein  in  that  direction.  The  drift  south 
from  the  same  point  is  in  68  ft,  and  still  shows  good  ore 
in  the  faco.  The  drift  on  the  2000  level,  connecting  the 
top  of  the  joint  Mexican  upraise  with  main  north  drift, 
has  been  enlarged  and  completed,  improving  ventilation 
materially. 

Gould  &  Curry. — The  joint  east  crosscut,  1700  level,  Is 
averaging  four  ft  per  day  through  a  mixture  of  soft  por- 
phyry and  clay,  which  requires  it  to  be  closely  timbered. 
The  drain  tunnel  was  connected  with  the  shaft  last  Satur- 
day. Its  total  length  is  460  ft,  and  its  point  of  intersec- 
tion 140  ft  from  the  surface. 

Hale  &  Norcross.  — The  new  lightning  drift,  1620  level, 
to  connect  with  the  Julia  branch  of  the  Sutro  tunnel,  Is 
averaging  12  ft  per  day,  and  is  now  in  103  ft.  The  water 
stands  65  ft  below  its  old  level,  which  was  47  ft  below  the 
1700  level.     It  is  still  raising  slowly. 

North  Bonanza  and  Flowery.  —The  north  drift  on  the 
200  level  is  averaging  five  ft  per  day.  Work  has  been  re- 
sumed in  both  tho  north  and  south  drifts,  300  level,  and 
both  are  making  good  progress. 

Bullion.— A  blower  and  engine  are  being  put  in  on  the 
1850  level— the  1700  level  of  the  Imperial— to  furnish  air 
to  the  lower  levels  of  the  mine. 

Ward.— Sinking  is  making  usual  progress.  The  bottom 
of  the  shaft  has  of  lata  encountered  some  flnc-Iooklng 
stringers  of  quartz,  carrying  a  large  proportion  of  iron 
pyrites. 

Lady  Bryan.— The  shaft  is  nearing  the  760  level  and  is 
without  material  change.  The  drifts  north  and  south, 
600  level,  are  in  fine-looking  quartz  giving  low  assays. 

Succor.— The  drift  north,  1100  level,  continues  to  cut  a 
very  promising  vein  formation  containing  some  flue-look- 
ing quartz,  yielding  low  assays. 

Andes.— Tho  upraise  from  the  350  level  has  reached  the 
level  above,  and  the  work  of  clearing  out  preparatory  to 
prospecting  has  been  begun.  A  new  upraise  has  been 
started  some  250  or  300  ft  further  north. 

Exchequer.— The  Imperial  air  compressor  having  been 
placed  in  position,  work  has  been  resumed  in  the  2400 
north  drift.  The  lace  is  In  a  fine  formation  of  porphyry, 
carrying  streaks  of  quartz. 

Caledonia. — Work  in  tho  winze  has  been  interfered 
with  of  late  by  the  cutting  out  of  a  station  In  the  side  of 
the  drift,  1600  level,  to  put  in  a  blower. 

Mt.  Hood  &  Vancouver.— Good  progress  is  being  made 
in  extending  the  drift,  1400  level.  The  face  is  now  150  ft 
from  the  shaft,  and  in  hard,  blasting  roCk. 

BELMONT  DISTRICT. 

Belmont.— Courier,  May  10:  The  prospects  of  the  mine 
are  without  change.  During  the  week  have  advanced 
east  drift  from  winze  14  ft,  west  one  10  ft,  both  of  which 
are  showing  go^d  milling  ore.  They  will  commence  to 
take  out  ore  from  west  side  of  winze  this  coming  week. 
The  300  level  drift  from  shaft  is  looking  more  promising 
every  day.  Have  made  22  ft  on  same  level  from  south 
raise— have  made  slow  progress  as  ground  is  hard  and  air 
bad.  Will  take  at  least  two  weeks  more  to  make  a  con- 
nection. ,  "  . 

Hioiibridoe.— Have  finished  sump  and  are  crosscutting 
ledge  on  0th  level  70  and  140  ft  south  of  shaft.  Have  not 
done  enough  work  to  determine  how  much  ore  the  ledge 
carries  at  these  points.  Will  soon  resume  extending  north 
drift  on  7th  level.  They  are  now  hoisting  sufficient  water 
to  run  the  hoisting  works. 

EUREKA  DISTRICT- 

Eureka  Con.— Sentinel,  May  11:  There  is  no  particular 
change  to  note  in  the  condition  of  tho  mine.  The  follow- 
ing work  has  been  done  in  the  several  levels:  6th,  east 
drift  has  been  continued  24  ft,  and  is  now  in  67  ft;  7th, 
started  a  drift  running  northwest,  and  made  24  ft;  13th, 
east  drifL  has  been  continued  23  ft,  and  is  now  in  39  ft. 
The  west  drift  has  been  continued  18  ft,  and  is  now  m  47 
ft.  The  incline  has  been  sunk  22  ft,  and  is  now  down  62 
ft  below  the  station.  ...  ■     00  « 

Hasiburo.— East  crosscut  on  600  level  is  now  in  dB  ic, 
following  a  crosB  vein  or  seam  of  ore.  The  entire  cross- 
cut is  in  favorable  vein  matter.  South  drift  from  the 
west  crosscut  on  the  same  level  was  advanced  10  ft  along 

[Continued  on  Faee  324.] 


318 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[May  17,  1879. 


Practical   Divisibility  of   the   Electric 
Light—No.  1. 

A  paper,  by  E.  J.  Molera  and  J.  C.  Cebrian,  read  before 
the  California  Academy  of  Sciences,  April  21st,  1870. 
We  wish  to  communicate  to  this  academy  our 
new  system  of  the  economical  division  and  dis- 
tribution of  light  in  general,  for  its  application 
to  all  purposes  of  lighting,  both  public  and  pri- 
vate ;  being  a  practical  solution  to  that  great 
desideratum,  the 

Divisibility  of  the  Electric  Light. 
In  the  last  few  years  the  electric  light  has  as- 
serted itB  own  prominent  place  before  the  world, 
and'its  great  advantages  begin  to  be  generally 
acknowledged ;  the  methods  to  produce  it  have 
attained  the  necessary  perfection  to  be  prac- 
tical to  a  large  extent,  as  we  find  it  now  success- 
fully used  in  the  lighting  of  large  spaces,  such 
as  theaters,  factories,  railroad  depots,  stores, 
lighthouses,  government  buildings  and  similar 
places. 

The  superiority  of  the  electric  light  upon  any 
other  is  of  various  kinds:  Examined  by  the 
spectroscope  it  is  found  to  be  nearly  equal  to 
sunlight  j  it  does  not  alter  the  natural  color  of 
objects,  is  soft,  white  and  brilliant ;  whereas 
gaslight  is  of  a  dirty  yellowish  color,  tiresome  to 
the  e£e,  and  alters  the  natural  color  of  objects. 
Then  electric  light  irradiates  almost  no  Heat ; 
whereas  the  heat  emitted  by  gas  flames  is  uni- 
versally recognized  as  uncomfortable  and  very 
unhealthy. 

Moreover,  the  electric  light  requires  no  air  to 
sustain  it;  whereas  gaslight,  like  all  others  pro- 
duced by  combustion  in  the  open  air,  vitiates  or 
poisons  the  atmosphere,  because  it  consumes  the 
oxygen  therof  and  emits  instead  the  foul  pro- 
ducts of  combustion,  among  which  are  sulphuric 
acid  and  sulphurous  acid.  And  it  is  well  proven 
that  an  ordinary  gas-burner  vitiates  as  much  air 
as  four  grown  persons  do. 

Again,  electric  light  is  odorless,  whilst  the 
peculiar  fetid  odor  of  gas  and  gaslight  is  uncom- 
fortable and  unhealthy. 

Electric  light  is  not  liable  to  explosions  as  the 
gaslight  is,  nor  does  it  require  the  expensive, 
disagreeable  and  prolonged  repairs  so  often  re- 
curring in  the  gas  system. 

Finally,  electric  light  is,  in  fact,  far  cheaper 
than  gaslight,  whenever  produced  and  consumed 
in  large  quantities.  If  we  were  to  build  a  com- 
plete gas  factory  for  each  dwelling  or  building 
in  a  city,  the  cost  of  gaslight  would  be  enor- 
mous. Yet,  such  has  been  the  case  with  the 
trials  of  the  electric  light,  which  have  given  the 
wrong  idea  of  its  excessive  cost,  produced  for  a 
single  building.  Electric  light  has  been  com- 
pared with  the  price  of  gas  when  produced  for 
a  whole  city,  and  even  thus,  in  some  cases  it 
has  proved  to  be  the  cheapest. 

To  show  which  is  in  general  the  relative 
cost  price  of  electric  light  and  gaslight,  we  will 
substitute  the  price  of  every  item  composing 
the  cost  of  light,  in  each  system,  for  an  amount 
of  coal  of  an  approximately  equal  price,  and  we 
will  obtain  the  value  of  light  irrespectively  of 
the  local  prices  of  the  items.  Some  dynamo- 
electric  machines  produce  light  at  the  rate  of 
6,000  candles  per  horse  power  spent.  One  horse- 
power consumes  from  two  to  seven  pounds  of 
coal  per  hour — to  make  allowances,  let  us  call  it 
six  pounds ;  the  incidental  expenses  and  the 
repairs  of  the  steam  engine,  we  will  put  at 
one-quarter  the  value  of  fuel,  which  is  exces- 
sive, one  and  a  half  pounds  ;  the  attendance  of 
the  steam  engine  will  certainly  not  cost  more 
than  one-half  the  value  of  fuel,  three  pounds  ; 
the  expense  for  carbon  points  in  the  latest  trials 
has  been  only  one-half  of  the  value  of  fuel, 
three  pounds  ;  the  incidental  expenses  and  re- 
pairs for  the  electric  machines,  we  will  put  like 
those  of  the  steam  engine,  one  and  a  half  pounds; 
and  the  attendance  of  the  electric  apparatus 
will  certainly  cost  less  than  those  of  the  steam 
engine;  but.  we  will  call  it  like  that,  three 
pounds;  in  all  18  pounds;  add  10%  for  contin- 
gencies, and  the  result  is  that  6, 000  candles  for 
one  hour  of  electric  light,  will  cost  as  much  as 
20  pounds  of  coal. 

Now,  in  gas  making,  one  ton  of  coal  gives  as 
an  average,  9,000  cubic  feet  of  gas;  the  cost  of 
lime  and  labor  is  not  less  than  one-third  the 
cost  of  coal,  or,  in  our  case,  750  pounds,  which, 
added  to  the  ton,  make  3,000  pounds  of  coal. 
Supposing,  now,  that  the  residue  of  gas  making 
is  merchantable  to  the  extent  of  40%  of  the 
above,  which  is  a  very  favorable  case,  we  ob- 
tain as  the  cost  of  9,000  feet  of  gas  equal  to  the 
cost  of  1,800  pounds  of  coal.  Hence,  one 
pound  of  coal  is  equivalent  in  cost  to  five  feet 
of  gas,  or  an  ordinary  burner  of  15  candles  in 
one  hour;  hence,  400  pounds  of  coal  represent 
the  cost  price  of  6,000  candles  of  gaslight  in  one 
hour;  and,  consequently, 

Coat  price  of  gaBlight  _  400  _  20 
Cost  price  of  electric  light  ~~  20  ~~ '  1  • 
or  the  mere  production  of  the  electric  light, 
irrespective  of  distribution,  is  not  more  than 
the  one-twentieth  part  of  the  cost  of  gaslight. 
The  practical  application  of  the  electric  light  in 
several  countries  shows  that  this  is  near  the 
truth.  The  most  striking  instance  of  this  fact 
is  the  recent  trial  made  in  Albert  hall,  in  Lon- 
don. They  used  four  of  the  smallest  Siemens 
machines,  and  four  of  the  Jablochkoff  candles  at 
the  orchestra.  Let  it  be  observed  that  these 
circumstances  were  very  unfavorable.  In  the 
first  place,  they  used  small-sized  machinery  of 
a  capacity  of  2,000  candleB  per  horse  power, 
whereas  other  larger  machines  give  up  to  .6,000 
candles  per  horse  power ;  in  the  second  place 
the  light  was  needed  only  three  hours,  and  fully 


one  extra  hour  was  spent  to  put  up  steam  and 
down  the  fires ;  therefore  the,  fuel  was  wasted 
30%  above  the  time  needed ;  in  the  third  place 
the  attendants'  wages  were  paid  as  a  full  day's 
work  for  only  three  hours'  use.  Yet  the  actual 
expense  of  every  item,  plus  a  liberal  allowance 
for  wear  and  tear,  amounted,  for  that  night,  to 
$12.50,  having  the  lighting  proved  a  complete 
and  satisfactory  success.  In  former  occasions, 
the  gas  bill  for  the  same  building  and  for  the 
same  length  of  time  had  been  (at  the  low  price 
of  London  gas)  $36.50  ;  very  nearly  three  times 
as  much  as  the  former  figure.  If  we  take  San 
Francisco  prices  for  every  item,  the  above  prices 
would  stand  thus:  Cost  of  electric  light,  $27.50; 
cost  of  gaslight,  $126;  nearly  five  times  as  much. 
If  the  light  had  been  needed  six  hours  instead 
of  three,  the  figures  would  be  as  follows:  Cost 
of  electric  light,  $39.00;  cost  of  gaslight,  $252, 
or  six  and  a  half  times  as  much.  We  will  add 
this  single  item :  that  the  cost  of  instalation  of 
the  electric  light  for  that  building  was  $4,000, 
which  is  much  less  than  the  price  of  gas-pipes 
and  gas-fixtures  of  the  same  building. 
The  Difficulty. 

But  although  having  so  many  great  advant- 
ages, the  great  difficulty  with  the  electric  light 
has  been,  how  to  handle  it,  how  to  apply  it  in 
practice,  after  the  light  is  produced.  All  the 
methods  or  systems  of  electric  lighting  hereto- 
fore proposed  may  be  divided  into  two  classes : 
1st  class.  Those  that  use  a  few  number  of  strong 
lights.  2d  class.  Those  that  use  a  large  number 
of  small  lights.  The  strong  lights  are  the  cheap- 
est, as  demonstrated  by  practice.  While  a  gen- 
erator of  electricity  having  a  capacity  of  4,000 
candles,  requires  an  expenditure  of  one  horse- 
power for  every  1,500  candles,  a  generator  hav- 
ing a  capacity  of  30,000  or  40,000  candles, 
will  produce  light  at  the  rate  of  over  3,000 
candles  per  horse  power;  and  in  case  of  a  higher 
capacity  the  production  attains  a  rate  of  6,000 
candles  per  horse  power,  as  said  before.  But  a 
powerful  light  of  60,000  candles  for  instance, 
cannot  be  properly  used  in  general;  it  is  too 
powerful  for  a  small  place,  and  even  for  a  very 
large  place;  a  number  of  smaller  lights  regularly 
distributed  will  give  a  much  more  efficient  illu- 
mination. The  use  therefore  of  strong  lights  is 
very  limited  in  practice. 

Consequently  the  attention  has  been  turned 
to  the  second  class  of  illumination;  and,  having 
failed  in  building  a  machine  that  would  produce 
.a  small  electric  light,  at  the  same  cheap  rate  of 
a  powerful  machine,  all  the  endeavors  have  been 
directed  to  the  economical  subdivision  of  a 
powerful  electric  current  into  small  currents 
that  would  produce  small  lights.  All  such  at- 
tempts have  been  failures,  because  according  to 
known  electrical  laws,  corroborated  by  practice, 
whenever  an  electric  current  is  subdivided,  the 
light-giving  power  of  each  secondary  current  is 
smaller  than  inversely  proportional  to  the  square 
of  the  number  of  the  sub-currents.  For  in- 
stance, a  light  of  40,000  candle-power  divided 
into  100  lights,  will  give  100  lights  of  four  can- 
dle-power each,  or  400  candles  in  all;  this  is  a 
loss  of  99%;  if  the  number  of  smaller  lights  in- 
creases fivefold,  the  loss  will  amount  to  998  per 
thousand,  and  so  on. 

This  evidently  places  this  second  class  of 
electric  lighting  altogether  out  of  any  practical 
application. 

Division  by  Optical  Contrivances. 

In  order  to  avoid  dealing  with  that  electrical 
law,  we  were  led  to  try  the  division  of  the  light 
itself,  leaving  the  electric  current  untouched. 
The  result  has  been  our  system,  in  which  we 
only  use  optical  means  or  contrivances,  and  it 
can  therefore  be  applied  to  the  electric  light,  as 
well  as  to  any  other  kind  of  light. 

We  take  the  most  powerful  source  of  light  ob- 
tainable, and  "place  it  in  a  closed  chamber  or 
box,  called  the  chamber  of  light.  Every  wall  or 
face  of  this  box  is  a  condensing  lens  or  a  combi- 
nation of  lenses,  such  that  will  shape  the  light 
into  a  beam  of  parallel  rays;  some  of  the  walls 
or  faces  may  be  only  reflectors,  throwing  the 
light  upon  some  of  the  condensing  lenses.  For 
instance  the  wall  or  face  holding  the  stand  of  the 
light,  will  be  a  reflector. 

In  this  way,  we  reduce  our  source  of  light  to 
several  beams  of  parallel  rays,  without  the 
smallest  stray  ray  of  light  being  lost. 

When  light  is  not  condensed,  the  intensity 
thereof  is  inversely  proportional  to  the  square 
of  the  distance  from  the  light,  because  light  is 
then  diffused  equally  in  all  directions  around  its 
focus.  But  when  light  is  condensed,  as  above 
said,  its  intensity  along  the  straight  line  of  the 
beam  remains  unaltered,  except  a  small  loss 
by  diffusion,  which  for  a  short  distance  is  small. 
Therefore  our  chamber  of  light  permits  to  send 
light  from  one  place  to  another  without  appre- 
ciable loss. 

If  we  intercept  one  of  these  beams  of  parallel 
rays  of  light  by  a  reflector,  the  light  will  be 
bent  or  reflected  according  to  the  position  of  the 
reflector;  and  it  may  thus  be  sent  into  any  de- 
sired direction,  horizontal,  vertical  or  any  way 
inclined.  When  the  reflector  intersects  the 
whole  beam  of  light,  this  latter  one  will  be  bent 
totally;  if  only  one  fraction  of  the  sectional  area 
of  said  beam  is  intersected,  then  the  correspond- 
ing fractional  part  of  the  beam  will  be  bent, 
leaving  the  other  fraction  thereof  to  follow  its 
former  direction.  Therefore,  if  one  of  said  beams 
of  light  is  intersected  at  different  points  of  its 
length,  by  different  reflectors,  intersecting  differ- 
ent fractional  parts  ofits  section,  said  beam  will  be 
divided  into  a  great  number  of  secondary  beams, 
going  into  any  desired  direction,  and  if  these 
secondary  beams  are  treated  in  the  same  way, 
the  main  beam  can  be  divided,  subdivided,  con- 
veyed and  distributed  to  any  number  of  distant 


places.  If  we  inclose  the  main  beam  in  a  tube 
or  pipe,  and  every  secondary  beam  in  smaller 
tubes,  branching  out  from  the  larger  one  adjoin- 
ing it,  and  we  keep  the  above  said  reflectors  at 
the  elbows  and  intersections,  or  T  pieces,  formed 
by  all  these  tubes,  we  will  obtain  a  net  or  sys- 
tem of  pipes  or  tubes  similar  to  those  used  in  the 
distribution  of  gas  and  water. 

Such  is  our  system:  in  front  of  every  side  or 
face  of  our  chamber  of  light,  we  place  a  box  or 
pipe  enclosing  the  main  beams  of  light;  these 
pipes  are  laid  along  the  streets;  at  every  side 
street  a  smaller  pipe  will  branch  out  from  the 
main  one;  at  their  junction  we  will  place  a  re- 
flector which  will  divert  into  the  side  street  the 
desired  percentage  of  light.  And  thus  we  can 
provide  every  street  of  a  city  with  one  or  more 
pipes  carrying  a  known  amount  of  light.  Then, 
from  said  street  pipes,  service  pipes  will  be  run 
into  every  lamp-post  and  every  building,  and  at 
the  intersection  of  the  latterpipes  with  the  street 
main  we  will  insert  proper  reflectors,  the  size  of 
which  will  determine  the  amount  of  light  sup- 
plied by  every  service  pipe.  In  the  same  way 
that  at  present  the  gas  burners  of  all  tlfe  rooms 
in  a  house  are  in  direct  successive  communica- 
tion with  the  gas  meter  or  service  pipe,  for  said 
house,  through  a  net  of  pipes  laid  along  ceilings 
and  walls;  similarly  in  our  system,  a  net  of 
properly  branched  out  pipes  will  put  in  commu- 
nication every  room  of  a  building  with  the  above 
mentioned  service  pipe;  only  that  we  will  place 
at  every  junction,  occurring  in  said  net  of  pipes, 
a  proper  reflector,  which  will  determine  the 
amount  of  light  carried  by  the  corresponding 
pipe.  Thus,  the  light  may  come  into  the  rooms 
through  the  ceiling  or  through  the  walls,  every 
room  having  as  many  outlets  of  light  as  desired. 
But  the  light  will  enter  in  a  beam  of  parallel 
rays;  therefore,  in  order  to  properly  shape  it  for 
use,  we  will  place  at  every  outlet  of  light  a  dif- 
fusing lens,  called  a  secondary  lens,  which  will 
send  the  light  around  in  any  predetermined 
shape;  thus  completing  the  system  of  division 
and  distribution  of  light  from  a  single  station  to 
any  or  all  the  rooms  in  a  city,  and  with  any  de- 
sired intensity. 

Our  system  allows  to  control  the  light  in  three 
ways,  to  wit. :  1st,  in  its  intensity;  2d,  in  its 
shape;  3d,  in  its  chemical  and  physical  prop- 
erties. 

Its.— Control  of  the  Intensity  of  Light. 

If  the  reflectors  in  the  pipes  are  stationary, 
the  amount  of  light  in  every  pipe  will  be  con- 
stant, as  long  as  the  intensity  of  the  original  fo- 
cus of  light  remains  unaltered;  but  if  said  re- 
flectors are  made  movable,  we  can  control  the 
supply  of  every  pipe,  or  every  set  of  pipes,  at 
will,  by  making  said  reflectors  to  intersect  a 
larger  or  a  smaller  portion  of  the  next  preceding 
beam  of  light.  Therefore  the  last  reflector  for 
every  outlet  of  light  will  do  the  same  service  as  the 
gas  kevs  now  in  use;  because  its  sliding  motion 
will  allow  the  light  to  enter  the  room  in  more  or  less 
quantity,  down  to  a  mere  glimmer,  if  so  wished. 
Another  way  to  control  the  intensity  of  the  light 
in  a  room,  is  by  means  of  a  contracting  or  slid- 
ing diaphragm  or  screen,  placed  near  the  outlet 
of  light,  and  provided  with  any  controlling 
mechanism  which  will  allow  the  whole  ray  of 
light,  or  only  a  part  thereof  to  enter  the  room. 

One  of  the  great  advantages  of  our  system 
consists  in  the  interdependent  control  of  light 
of  several  rooms.  To  illustrate  it,  suppose  we 
have  three  adjoining  rooms  with  a  common  sup- 
ply pipe;  suppose  the  reflectdr  of  the  first  room 
intersects  the  lower  third  of  said  pipe,  the  re- 
flector of  the  second  room  intersects  the  two 
lower  thirds  of  the  same  pipe,  and  the  reflector 
of  the  third  room  embraces  the  whole  section  of 
the  same  pipe.  In  that  way,  every  room  will 
receive  one-third  of  the  whole  light  in  said 
pipe.  Now  if  we  slide  the  first  reflector  inside 
of  the  two  lower  thirds  of  the  supply  pipe,  the 
intensity  of  light  in  the  first  room  will  vary  at 
the  expense  of  the  second  room,  and  vice-versa; 
if  we  slide  said  first  reflector  into  the  upper 
third  of  the  supply  pipe,  the  intensity  of  the 
first  room  will  vary  at  the  expense  of  the  other 
two  rooms.  Likewise,  if  we  leave  the  first  re- 
flector as  at  the  beginning,  and  then  we  slide 
the  second  reflector  inside  of  the  two  upper 
thirds  of  the  pipe,  the  intensity  of  the  second 
room  will  vary  at  the  expense  of  the  third  room 
and  vice-versa,  leaving  that  of  the  first  room  un- 
altered. ■  Finally,  if  we  slide  the  first  and  sec- 
ond reflectors  in  perfectly  parallel  uniform  mo- 
tion, the  intensity  of  the  second  room  will  be 
constant,  and  that  of  the  first  room  will  vary  at 
the  expense  of  the  third  room,  and  vice-versa. 
What  we  have  said  of  three  rooms,  may  as  well 
be  said  of  any  number  of  rooms,  and  also  of 
any  number  of  floors  in  a  building.  Therefore 
our  reflectors  allow  to  shift  the  light  from  one 
room  into  any  other  in  the  same  building,  in 
whole  or  in  part,  with  perfect  accuracy  and 
simplicity. 

This  introduces  an  element  of  great  economy 
for  household  purposes.  Were  it  not  for  this  cir- 
cumstance, every  house  lighted  by  our  system 
would  have  to  get  a  constant  supply  of  light  for 
every  room  and  place  to  be  lighted,  whether  the 
places  were  in  constant  use  or  not;  and  as  not  all 
the  rooms  in  a  house  are  used  at  the  same  time, 
such  an  arrangement  would  be  very  wasteful, 
which  is  the  case  with  all  the  other  systems  of 
electric  lighting  yet  proposed. 

2d.— Control  of  the  Shape  of  Light. 

The  secondary  lenses  above  mentioned  will 
control  by  their  shape  and  position  the  shape  of 
the  light.  If  the  light  comes  from  the  ceiling 
and  a  diffusing  lens  is  used,  it  will  send  down 
a  cone  of  light  extending  all  over  the  floor,  for 
instance  :  if  the  curvature  of  the  lens  were  dif- 
ferent, said  cone  might  be  made  wider,  so  as  to 


illuminate  the  walls  as  high  as  desired,  and  the 
ceiling  too;  or  it  might  be  made  narrower  and 
the  light  be  concentrated  upon  a  work  stable,  a 
sewing  machine,  a  writing  desk,  etc.  At  present 
a  room  may  be  lighted  with  1  or  2  gas  burners 
of  15  candle  power  each;  and  yet,  they  often  are 
insufficient  to  read  or  write  by;  either  you  have 
to  get  with  chair  and  desk  near  the  burner,  or 
you  have  to  use  shades,  reflectors,  drop  lights  or 
some  inferior  kind  of  light  upon  your  table. 
But,  in  our  system,  by  properly  swinging  the 
secondary  lens,  we  can  throw  the  cone  of  light 
to  any  desired  place  in  the  room  where  it  is 
needed;  and  by  this  means,  8  or  10  candle  power 
in  our  system  will,  in  most  easeB,  be  more 
serviceable  than  15  or  30  candle  power  is  with 
the  present  system  of  light,  or  in  any  of  the 
electrical  systems  heretofore  proposed.  By  the 
same  means  the  cone  of  light  may  be  thrown 
away  from  any  place  where  it  is  not  needed,  as 
from  a  sick  bedstead  for  instance. 

This  circumstance  also  increases  the  range  of 
utility  or  adaptability  of  light  to  many  especial 
purposes  without  expense  or  trouble.  Because 
by  using  a  proper  lens  we  can  project  the  whole 
amount  of  light  into  a  point,  if  so  needed,  thus 
affording  the  microscopist,  for  instance,  a 
powerful  aid  in  his  work.  The  physician  also 
can  perform  medical  operations  and  body  ex- 
aminations at  night  with  comfort  and  perfection. 
The  engraver,  the  draughtsman,  the  watchmaker, 
in  fine,  all  workers  of  delicate  work  can  extend 
their  operations  at  night  with  comfort  and 
economy;  whilst  by  any  other  system  of  light- 
ing the  amount  of  uncondensed  light  needed  for 
such  purposes  would  be  too  great  to  be  economi- 
cal; and  if  condensed  by  an  additional  artificial 
means,  it  would  add  extra  expense  and  would 
never  be  so  comfortable  as  in  our  system^ 

The  best  plan  will  be  to  furnish  every  house 
with  a  set  of  two  to  three  different  inter-change- 
able lenses  for  general  purposes;  and  every  indi- 
vidual may  add  the  special  lenses  adapted  to 
his  work,  his  tastes  or  his  needs. 
3d.— Control  of  the  Physical  and  Chemical 
Properties  of  Light. 

We  have  only  to  intercept  the  beam  or  beams 
of  light,  before  they  reach  the  secondary  lenses 
with  shades  of  different  colors,  and  of  appro- 
priated substances  or  media,  and  we  will  modify 
the  properties  of  light  at  will,  with  ease  and 
economy.  This  is  invaluable  for  the  treatment 
of  ophthalmic  diseases  at  home  and  in  hospitals; 
it  is  of  great  service  to  photography,  where  lights 
of  different  colors  and  of  different  actinic  power 
are  needed;  it  will  aid  many  other  industries  in 
analogous  ways;  it  will  be  a  most  powerful  and 
fitting  aid  to  theaters,  where  scenic  effects  of  all 
kinds  are  needed. 
Comparison  witn  other  Electrical  Svstems. 

Let  us  compare  now  our  system  with  the 
others.  The  first  class  of  electric  lighting  has 
a  very  restricted,  practical  limitation  both  in  its 
applications  and  its  cost.  It  is  very  seldom 
that  a  very  strong  light  can  be  utilized;  being' 
therefore  necessary  to  produce  electric  lights  of 
a  not  very  large  power,  which  increases  more 
and  more  the  expenses;  and  even  then  it  can- 
not be  used  in  small  spaces.  On  the  other 
hand,  all  the  systems  of  the  second  class  of 
electric  lighting,  in  which  the  electric  current 
is  divided,  have  two  practical  limitations.  As 
the  waste  or  loss  of  electricity  increases  with 
the  number  of  small  lights,  it  is  necessary  to  use 
a  weak  original  current  in  order  to  decrease  the 
number  of  said  lights;  hence  great  expense  of 
production.  And  if  the  production  be  made 
cheap  by  making  the  original  current  very 
powerful,  then  the  number  of  subdivisions  in* 
creasing,  the  loss  and  expense  grow  out  of  pro- 
portion. In  both  cases  those  methods  are  inap- 
plicable. 

Whereas  our  method,  allowing  the  subdivision 
of  light  into  any  number  of  smaller  lights  and 
of  any  desired  intensity,  with  a  small  loss,  that 
is  independent  of  the  number  of  lights,  affords 
the  opportunity  to  produce  electric  light  in  very 
large  quantities,  larger  in  fact  than  ever  before 
attempted;  it  will  therefore  be  much  cheaper,  and 
no  other  system  can  claim  this  advantage.  This 
will  make  our  method  extremely  cheap;  and 
besides  it  can  be  utilized  or  applied  to  all  kinds 
of  uses,  from  the  highest  requirements  of  modern 
industry  to  the  most  humble  of  household  pur- 
poses. 

The  loss  in  our  system  is  so  small  because  it 
is  independent  of  the  number  of  the  secondary 
lights  produced  :  it  is  only  due  ^o  the  reflection 
of  light,  which  can  be  reduced  practically  to 
only  8%  for  each  reflection,  using  totally  refract- 
ing prisms  as  reflectors.  And  as  in  a  city  there 
will  not  be  required  more  than  six  reflections  or 
changes  of  direction,  the  total  loss  will  never 
exceed  in  practice  50%  of  the  original  light,  no 
matter  in  how  many  small  lights  the  light  is 
subdivided.  But  in  the  second  class  of  electri- 
cal systems,  the  total  loss  far  exceeds  999%  per 
thousand;  and  when  the  number  of  secondary 
lights  increases,  the  total  amount  of  light  reach- 
ing destination  is  soon  less  than  l-100,000th  of 
the  original  light.  This  single  fact  shows  the 
immense  superiority  of  our  system  upon  any 
other  yet  proposed. 

But  this  is  not  its  only  advantage. 

When  the  current  of  electricity  is  divided, 
the  secondary  currents  must  be  independent  of 
each  other;  otherwise,  when  one  of  the  lamps 
has  to  be  extinguished,  or  its  intensity  varied, 
all  the  other  currents  and  lights  would  also  be 
altered;  to  obviate  this,  every  secondary  circuit 
has  to  be  made  of  a  constant  resistance,  which 
means  that  whether  a  lamp  is  lighted  or  not,  or 
whether  its  intensity  is  varied,  the  secondary 
circuit  corresponding  to  it  always  spends  a  con- 
stant amount  of  electric  current.     This  intro- 


May  17,  1879.I 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


319 


daces  an  element  of  great  wastefulness.  More- 
over, the  currents  or  circuits  of  each  room  in  a 
house  being  independent  of  each  other,  they  are 
wasted  away,  whether  the  room  is  in  use  or  not. 
All  of  which  ia  avoided  in  our  system  by  the 
shifting  of  light  from  place  to  place,  as  explained 
before.  To  put  an  instance,  let  us  suppose  a 
house  having  1">  places  to  be  lighted,  rooms  and 
halls.  Some  rooms  need  sometimes  b"  or  8  burn- 
ers, some  4,  some  lesa:  as  an  average  such 
house  will  have  30  or  '.io  burners,  although  not 
in  constant  use.  By  any  of  the  other  systems 
of  electric  lighting,  that  house  needs  a  constant 
supply  of  electricity  enough  for  said  30  or  35 
burners;  whilst  iu  our  system  a  constaut  supply 
of  1-  or  lo  burners  will  suffice  for  all  purposes, 
because  the  light  can  always  be  shifted  in  any 
amount  to  the  room  where  needed.  This  item 
alone  gives  to  our  system  a  saving  of  about  50% 
upon  all  the  others. 

Another  consideration  is  that  the  system*  with 
subdivided  currents  require  every  lamp  to  be 
connected  to  the  general  circuit  by  two  conduc- 
tors. The  length  of  the  circuit  would  soon  at- 
tain hundreds  of  miles  for  a  city;  it  has  been 
estimated  that  the  couductors  needed  to  supply 
the  city  of  Berlin  with  electric  light  by  such 
systems  would  cost  some  $00,000,000.  And  all 
such  expenses  are  avoided  by  our  system. 

Again,  the  number  of  electric  lamps  or  regu- 
lators needed  in  such  systems  is  excessive; 
which  will  greatly  increase  the  expenses.  The 
lamps,  besides,  require  a  great  deal  of  atten- 
tion and  great  expenditure  of  carbon  points; 
and  as  they  are  delicate  mechanisms,  they  are 
not  fit  to  be  used  by  people  in  general,  they  are 
very  liable  to  get  out  of  order,  producing  ex- 
penses for  repairs,  and  often  depriving  the  con- 
sumers of  their  light;  therefore  they  are  expen- 
sive and  uncomfortable.  All  of  which  is  also 
avoided  by  our  system. 

Finally,  we  will  observe  that  the  electric 
light  always  produces  a  whistling  noise,  and 
that  its  intensely  focal  heat  acts  chemically  in 
the  air,  giving  out  small  quantities  of  nitrous 
acid  and  nitric  acid,  which  are  very  poisonous. 
Both  defects  are  unavoidable  in  any  system  of 
electric  lighting  except  in  ours.  Ours  also  is 
the  only  Bystem  where  the  focus  of  li^ht  is  kept 
away  from  the  places  where  used,  which  affords 
the  opportunity  of  saving  to  the  consumers  the 
trouble  of  attending  to  any  machinery  or  electric 
regulator. 

[Concluded  Next  Week.] 

Tombstone  District 

Surveyor-General  John  Wasson  has  just  re- 
turned from  a  visit  to  Tombstone  mining  dis- 
trict, to  the  mill-sites  on  the  San  Pedro  and  to 
the  southern  and  southeastern  slopes  of  the 
Huachuca  mountains.  He  says  that  the  object 
of  his  visit  was  to  notice  the  general  character- 
istics of  the  sections  of  country  named,  as  be 
had  never  before  seen  them.  Although  dis- 
posed to  be  a  "bear"  in  mining  matters,  he  says 
the  Tombstone  mines  have  never  been  as  highly 
represented  as  their  actual  merits  plainly  justify, 
and  that  the  owners  of  leading  claims  there  have 
been  absolutely  modest  in  speaking  of  them. 
His  time  was  limited  to  less  than  a  whole  day, 
and  therefore  only  made  a  personal  inspection 
of  the  Tough  Nut,  Contention  and  Lucky  Cuss, 
and  took  a  hasty  glance  at  some  others.  The 
ore  in  sight  in  the  mines  named  is  immense, 
and  of  its  richness  the  asaayers  all  testify  and 
the  appearance  of  the  ore  indicates  the  accuracy 
of  their  testimony.  Numerous  assays  are  daily 
made  from  average  samples  taken  from  the  faces 
of  the  shafts  and  tunnels  as  they  are  advanced 
by  the  miners.  These  assays  are  not  made  for 
selling  or  marketable  purposes,  but  to  daily 
know  the  value  of  the  ore  and  to  ascertain  any 
changes  of  the  component  parts  that  may  occur. 
The  results  are  not  given  to  the  public,  but  it  is 
clearly  known  that  they  average  up  in  the  hun- 
dreds and  frequently  reach  thousands.  There 
is  a  goodly  proportion  of  gold  in  the  ore  gener- 
ally. Night  and  day  shifts  of  men  are  employed 
on  the  Lucky  Cuss  and  Contention,  and  perhaps 
on  the  Tough  Nut,  but  the  latter  claim  has  al- 
ready been  so  well  developed  and  has  so  much 
rich  ore  on  the  various  dumps  that  a  very  small 
force  of  miners  can  supply  a  ten-stamp  mill  for 
years  to  come.  The  Tough  Nut  and  Lucky 
Cuss  have  numerous  cuts,  tunnels  and  shafts, 
ranging  from  a  few  feet  to  75  feet,  and  the  Con- 
tention has  two  shafts  130  and  110  feet  respec- 
tively, with  a  250-foot  tunnel  and  some  cross- 
cuts on  the  110-foot  level,  and  all  the  work  is 
done  in  the  exact  order  of  permanent  and  eco- 
nomical development.  These  three  mines  are 
specially  mentioned  because  they  are  the  most 
developed,  although  many  others  have  shafts 
and  tunnels  of  various  sizes  up  to  75  feet,  and 
they  exhibit  the  most  satisfactory  quantities 
and  qualities  of  ore.  Were  this  district  in 
Nevada,  California,  Utah  or  Colorado,  Mr.  Was- 
son is  convinced  that  20,000  men  and  millions  of 
capital  would  be  invested  before  another  year 
opens. — Arizona  Citizen, 


UsEpik     I^QF^TION. 


The  Keely  Motor. — So  long  a  time  has 
elapsed  since  anything  was  heard  from  Keely 
and  his  motor  that  moBt  people  had  forgotten 
him,  or  concluded  that  he  had  given  up  m  de- 
Bpair  his  attempts  to  "bridle"  the  new  and 
powerful  force  which  he  claims  to  have  dis- 
covered. The  Philadelphia  Times,  however, 
says  that  during  all  these  weeks  and  months 
Keely  has  been  diligently  at  work  building 
what  he  calls  his  "vibratory  engine,"  which  ie 
to  utilize  the  new  motor  power,  and  ia  now  en- 
gaged in  "graduating"  the  engine,  which  pecu- 
liar process,  he  says,  will  enable  him  to  in- 
tensify the  action  of  the  vapor. 


Hints  on  the  Use  of  Plaster  of  Paris. 

The  plaster  may  be  made  to  "set"  very 
quickly  by  mixing  it  in  warm  water  to  which  a 
little  sulphate  of  potash  has  been  added. 
Plaster-of- Paris  casts,  Boaked  in  melted  paraf- 
fine,  may  be  readily  cut  or  turned  in  a  lathe. 
They  may  be  rendered  very  hard  and  tough  by 
soaking  them  in  warm  glue  size  until  thoroughly 
saturated,  and  allowing  them  to  dry. 

Plaster  of  Parts  mixed  with  equal  parts  of 
powdered  pumice  stone  makes  a  tine  mold  for 
casting  fusible  metals;  the  same  mixture  is  use- 
ful for  encasing  articles  to  be  soldered  or 
brazed. 

Cute  of  plaster  of  Paris  may  be  made  to  imi- 
tate tiue  bronzes  by  giving  them  two  or  three 
coats  of  shellac  varniah,  and  when  dry  apply- 
ing a  coat  of  mastic  varnish,  and  duBting  on  fine 
bronze  powder  when  the  mastic  varuish  be- 
comea  aticky. 

Kat-holes  may  be  effectually  stopped  with 
broken  glass  and  plaster  of  Paris. 

The  beet  method  of  mixing  plaster  of  Paris  is 
to  sprinkle  it  into  the  water,  using  rather  more 
water  than  ia  required  for  the  batter;  when  the 
plaster  settles  pour  off  the  surplus  water  and 
Btir  carefully.  Air  bubbles  are  avoided  in  this 
way. — Boston  Journal  of  Chemistry. 

Noiseless  ware  is  a  novelty  in  china-ware 
introduced  by  Mr.  Vernon,  of  Scotland,  and 
which  ib  well  apoken  of  by  the  London  Pottery 
Gazette.  It  consists  in  providing  at  the  base  of 
the  article,  or,  in  case  of  covers,  under  the  rim, 
a  groove,  into  which  is  riveted  a  strip  of  india- 
rubber.  This  strip  is  so  formed  that  when  run 
into  the  groove  it  tits  tightly,  and  that  part  of 
it  which  projects  beyond  it  effectually  prevents 
the  article  from  scratching  any  smooth  sub- 
stance on  which  it  may  be  placed,  insureB  the 
greatest  quiet  when  the  article  is  being  moved 
about,  and  renders  it  less  liable  to  that  slipping 
from  trays  that  now  and  then  causes  much 
grief  at  meal-time.  At  the  Royal  hotel,  Glas- 
gow, Mr.  Vernon  has  placed  on  exhibition  quite 
an  elaborate  selection  of  wares  (dinner  and  tea 
Bervices,  toilet  sets,  etc.);  and  of  particular  in- 
terest is  a  display  of  shipping  ware  placedon  a 
rolling  table,  the  surface  of  which  is  partly 
plate-glass,  partly  finely-polished  wood,  and 
partly  cloth.  The  table  is  set  a-rocking,  to 
imitate  the  conditions  of  a  cabin  table  in  a 
storm  at  sea,  but  the  ware  persistently  refuses 
to  budge.  The  value  of  this  simple  invention 
for  ship  crockery  will  be  apparent. 

Red  Fire. — There  are  certain  recipes  which, 
though  often  published,  are  still  continually 
called  for;  and  among  theBe  is  "red  fire,"  so 
much  used  in  fireworks,  amateur  theatricals, 
and  the  like.  The  following  is  commended  as 
both  safe  and  cheap:  Take  by  weight  one  part 
of  Bhellac  and  four  of  well-dried  nitrate  of  stron- 
tia;  mix  thoroughly  in  an  unpowdered  condi- 
tion; heat  in  a  tin  dish  to  the  melting  point  of 
the  shellac;  after  cooling,  the  semi-fused  mass 
is  to  be  pulverized.  This  is  not  expensive,  ia 
safe,  without  tendency  to  explode,  and  burns 
quietly,  slowly,  even  when  strewed  on  damp 
ground,  and  produces  a  very  good  effect.  The 
mixture  for  red  fire  is  usually  composed  of 
nitrate  of  strontia,  chlorate  of  potash  and  sul- 
phur; this  frequently  takes  fire  spontaneously, 
especially  when  flowers  of  Bulphur  and  imper- 
pectly  dried  nitrate  of  strontia  are  employed. — 
Boston  Journal  of  Chemistry. 


The  Chinese  subject  the  greater  part  of  their 
porcelain  to  only  one  firing,  first  drying  the 
pieces  sufficiently  in  the  air  to  prepare  them  for 
glazing.  This  plan  they  are  able  to  pursue,  be- 
cause the  nature  of  their  material  is  such  that 
it  resists  the  entrance  of  water.  Their  glaze  is 
much  superior  to  any  in  use  in  the  European 
potteries;  but  it  requirea  the  moat  intense  de- 
gree of  heat  for  its  fusion,  and  considerable  art 
ia  consequently  required  for  the  management  of 
the  fire,  as  well  as  in  the  construction  of  their 
ovens.  These  are  built  in  the  moat  aubstantial 
manner,  bo  that  when  the  fire  ia  at  its  greateat 
hight  the  hand  may  be  applied  to  the  outside 
without  any  fear  of  burning. 

The  repeated  applications  in  copper  or  brass, 
of  alternate  washea  of  dilute  acetic  acid  and  ex- 
posure to  the  fumes  of  ammonia,  will  give  a 
very  antique-looking  green  bronze;  but  a  quick 
mode  of  producing  a  similar  appearance  is  often 
desirable.  To  this  end  the  articles  may  be  im- 
mersed in  a  solution  of  one  part  of  perchloride 
of  iron  in  two  parts  of  water.  The  tone  as- 
sumed darkens  with  the  length  of  immersion,  or 
the  articles  may  be  boiled  in  a  strong  solution 
of  nitrate  of  copper.  Or,  lastly,  they  may  be  im- 
mersed  in  a  solution  of  two  ounces  nitrate  of 
iron,  and  two  ounces  hypoBulphate  of  Boda  in 
one  pint  of  water.  Washing,  drying  and  burn- 
ishing complete  the  process. 

A  softer  aolder  than  is  used  for  ordinary 
braas  work  is  compoaed  of  equal  parts  of  zinc 
and  copper.  A  very  hard  but  fuBible  solder  is 
composed  of  two  parts  zinc  and  one  part  copper. 
This  solder  is  so  hard  and  brittle  that  it  can  be 
easily  crumbled  in  a  mortar  when  cold. 

A  glass  manufactory  in  Hanover,  Germany, 
makes  glaBS  which  is  a  cloBe  imitation  of 
marble,  and  tables  and  floor  tiles  which  are 
pronounced  preferable  to  marble  on  account  of 
their  extreme  hardness. 


Brine  for  the  Preservation  op  Animal 
and  Vt.aiTAbLE  Matter.—  M.  Mercier,  in  the 
Archives  de  Geneve,  recommends  a  solution  of 
common  salt  for  the  preservation  of  zoological 
and  botanical  specimens  for  scientific  purposes. 
It  is  cheaper  than  alcohol,  does  not  evaporate, 
does  not  extract  or  alter  the  colors,  and  is  not 
likely  to  be  surreptitiously  drunk.  The  brine 
is  boiled  to  expel  gas,  and  the  specimens  are 
immersed  at  about  80°  C,  and  closed  up.  If 
the  brine  really  answers  the  purpose,  it  will 
save  a  good  deal  of  oxpeuse  and  trouble  in 
museums. 

Pocket  Mucilage.—  Boil  one  pound  best 
white  glue,  and  strain  very  clear;  boil  also 
four  ouncea  isinglass,  and  mix  the  two  together; 
place  them  in  a  warm  bath  {glue  kettle)  with 
one-half  pound  white  sugar,  and  evaporate  till 
the  liquid  ia  quite  thick,  when  it  is  to  be  poured 
into  molda,  dried,  and  cut  into  pieces  of  conve- 
vient  size.  This  immediately  dissolves  in  wa- 
ter, and  faatens  paper  very  firmly. 

A  new  European  lubricant  consists  of  an  in- 
timate mixture  of  tallow,  black  lead  aud  melted 
india-rubber  waste. 


QQQD     ^E^Lftj. 


Ringworm. 

Dr.  John  V.  Shoemaker,  in^  a  paper  read  be- 
fore the  American  Medical  Association  on 
"Ringworm  in  Public  Institutions,"  states  that, 
while  treating  a  large  number  of  cases  of  ring- 
worm, which  occurred  in  one  of  the  public  in- 
stitutions for  children  in  Philadelphia,  he 
scraped  some  of  the  scales  from  the  scalp  of  one 
of  the  children,  and  also  from  the  chest  of  an- 
other, and  applied  them  to  the  bodies  of  two 
cats.  For  three  days  no  change  was  percepti- 
ble on  the  parta  upon  which  the  scales  were 
placed;  on  the  fourth  a  small  meal-like  patch 
waa  detected  upon  one,  and  on  the  other  the 
hairs  began  to  fall  out.  The  fifth  day  the  patches 
assumed  the  characteristic  circular  form,  and 
the  affection  continued  to  spread  rapidly  until 
spots  the  size  of  a  large  coin  were  almost  de- 
nuded of  hair.  Scales  from  the  patches  of  one 
of  the  cats  were  reinoculated  on  a  healthy  por- 
tion of  the  Bcalp  of  one  of  the  children  and  thigh 
of  another,  with  the  effect  of  producing  the  cir- 
cumscribed spots  of  ringworm.  Two  specimens 
were  now  prepared,  one  from  the  inoculated 
child,  the  other  from  one  of  the  cats,  aud  re- 
vealed under  the  microscope  fungi  of  a  luxuriant 
growth,  threads  being  present  in  large  quantities. 

Ringworm  owes  ita  origin  to  a  vegetable  para- 
site, the  Trichophyton  tonsurans.  It  generally 
commences  among  those  that  are  improperly 
cared  for,  and,  as  it  is  exceedingly  contagious,  it 
spreads  rapidly  to  those  coming  in  contact  with 
the  infected.  The  fungus  has  a  predeliction 
for  the  strumous  and  debilitated,  and  flourishes 
upon  them  luxuriantly. 

Among  the  50  cases  afflicted  on  the  occasion 
referred  to  the  author  found  that  a  large  per- 
centage were  the  children  of  subjects  of  chronic 
disease,  worthless  and  confirmed  drunkards,  and 
inmates  of  charitable  institutions  or  almahouaea. 
The  affection  frequently  has  its  origin  in  the 
lower  animals,  and  is  transmitted  from  them  to 
children  and  adults.  A  number  of  casea  are  on 
record  in  which  it  has  been  communicated  di- 
rectly from  cows,  calves,  oxen,  horses,  and  cats 
to  individuals,  and  then  to  other  members  of 
the  same  family.  A  well-marked  example  of 
its  direct  transmission  from  a  cow  to  an  individ- 
ual came  under  the  author's  notice  aud  treat- 
ment a  short  time  since.  The  experiments  on 
cats,  noted  above,  are  also  additional  Btrong 
proof  that  the  fungus  can  be  transmitted  from 
lower  animals  to  children,  and  from  individuals 
to  animals,  and  alao  verify  the  fact  that  the 
scaleB  of  the  scalp  are  capable  of  producing  by 
inoculation  ringworm  on  other  parts  of  the  body. 

Dr.  Shoemaker  states  that  his  observation  has 
been  that,  when  the  affection  attacks  the  body 
and  is  not  complicated,  it  is  easily  cured;  but 
when  it  involves  the  head  it  is  a  most  tedious 
and  unmanageable  disease,  owing  to  the  mis* 
chievous  influence  of  the  hair.  He  believes, 
however,  that  the  failure  to  promptly  eradicate 
the  disease  in  the  majority  of  cases  in  public 
inatitutions  is  due  to  negligence,  want  of  pati- 
ence, and  the  inability  on  the  part  of  nurses  and 
attendants  to  properly  understand  the  orders  of 
the  physician. 

Errors. — It  is  a  popular  sanitary  error  to 
think  that  the  more  a  man  eats  the  fatter  and 
stronger  he  will  become.  To  believe  that  the 
more  hours  children  study,  the  faster  they 
learn.  To  conclude  that,  if  exercise  is  good,  the 
more  violent  the  more  good  is  done.  To  im- 
agine that  every  hour  taken  from  sleep  is  an 
hour  gained.  To  act  on  the  presumption  that 
the  smallest  room  in  the  house  is  large  enough 
to  sleep  in.  To  imagine  that  whatever  remedy 
causes  one  to  feel  immediately  better  is  good  for 
the  system,  without  regard  to  the  ulterior 
effects.  To  eat  without  an  appetite;  or  to  con- 
tinue after  it  has  been  satisfied,  merely  to 
gratify  the  taste. 

It  is  said  that  the  oil  that  exudes  from  orange 
peel  when  bent  between  the  fingers,  will  check 
the  progreaa  of  carbuncles  in  their  incipient 
stage.  Perhaps  the  oil  may  also  be  useful  for 
other  cutaneous  eruptions. 


Fish  as  Brain  Food. 

Since  during  the  acts  of  sensation  and  intel- 
lection phosphorus  is  consumed  iu  the  brain 
and  nervous  system,  there  arises  a  necessity  to 
reBtore  the  portions  bo  consumed,  or,  as  the 
popular  expression  is,  to  use  brain  food.  Now, 
as  every  one  knows,  it  ia  the  property  of  phos- 
phorus to  shine  in  the  dark,  and  as  fish,  in  a 
certain  stage  of  putrefactive  decay,  often  emit 
light  or  become  phosphorescent,  it  has  been 
thought  that  this  is  due  to  the  abundance  of 
phosphorous  their  hVah  contains,  and  hence 
they  are  eminently  suitable  for  the  nourishment 
of  the  nervous  system,  and  are  invaluable  brain 
food,  Under  that  idea  many  persona  resort  to 
a  diet  of  fish,  and  persuade  themselves  that 
they  derive  advantage  from  it  in  an  increased 
vividness  of  thought — a  signal  improvement  in 
the  reasoning  powers.  But  the  flesh  of  fish 
contains  no  exevsa  of  phosphorus,  nor  does  its 
shining  depend  on  that  element.  Decaying 
willow  wood  shines  even  more  brilliantly  than 
decaying  fish.  It  may  sometimes  be  discerned 
afar  off  at  night.  The  shining  in  the  two  casea 
ia  due  to  the  Bame  cause — the  oxidation  of 
carbon,  not  of  phosphorua,  in  organic  substances 
containing  perhaps  not  a  perceptible  trait  of  the 
latter  element.  Yet,  surely  no  one  found  him- 
self rising  to  a  noetic  fervor  by  taating  decay- 
ing willow  wood,  though  it  ought  on  these 
principles  to  be  a  better  brain  food  than  a  much 
larger  quantity  of  fish, — Dr.  J.   W.  Draper. 

How  to  Prevent  Diseases  among  Chil- 
dren. 

A  correspondent  of  the  New  York  Times  sayi 
that  he  has  followed  a  recommendation  from  a 
lady  to  evaporize  a  little  carbolic  acid  daily  in 
the  heaters  as  a  disinfectant  and  a  preventive 
against  contagioua  diseases,  and  the  results  have 
been  most  satisfactory:  "I  have  a  largeschool, 
and  out  of  the  whole  number  only  two  pupils 
have  been  sick  with  scarlet  fever,  and  even 
these  caseB  were  indirect  ones.  In  my  own 
family,  which  consists  of  14  children — fortu- 
nately not  all  my  own — and  five  adults,  not  one 
has  been  afflicted  with  any  malady,  not  even 
with  a  sore  throat,  for  longer  than  a  day  or  two. 
We  certainly  keep  the  house  minutely  clean, 
ventilate  it  thoroughly  every  day,  and  never 
heat  the  rooms  above  66"  Fah.  During  my  30 
years'  experience  I  have  never  seen  the  like." 

We  think  it  probable  that  the  use  of  a  small 
quantity  of  carbolic  acid  in  the  manner  above 
mentioned  may,  in  some  casea,  be  beneficial. 
But  if  it  were  the  golden  rule  in  every  family  to 
keep  the  house  minutely  clean,  ventilate  it  thor- 
oughly every  day,  and  never  heat  above  66° 
Fah.,  there  would  probably  be  little  need  of 
carbolic  acid  or  any  other  drug. 

Castile  Soap. — The  reason  that  castile  aoap 
ia  bo  extensively  advised  by  physicians  is  be- 
cause of  its  purity  and  freedom  from  alkali.  In 
the  manufacture  of  caatile  aoap,  vegetable  on  is 
used  inatead  of  animal  fat,  and  great  care  is 
taken  to  avoid  an  excess  of  the  soda;  only 
enough  being  used  to  take  up  or  neutralize  the 
oil.  Thia  soap,  therefore,  is  mild  and  gentle, 
and  can  be  used,  on  irritated  surfaces  or  wounds, 
where  common  soap  would  give  pain,  perhaps 
occasion  injury.  The  mottled  sorts  of  castUe 
soap  are  made  by  the  addition  of  a  small  quan- 
tity of  Bulphate  of  iron — copperas.  This  cop- 
peras in  solution  is  stirred  into  the  soap  while 
in  a  fluid  state.  At  first  the  color  is  bluish,  on 
exposure  to  the  air  it  changes  to  a  red.  This 
soap  waB  called  "castile,"  for  the  reason  that  it 
was  largely  made  in  the  province  in  Spain  so 
called.  The  largest  amount,  however,  comes 
from  the  south  of  France,  and  in  Europe  this 
variety  of  aoap  is  more  generally  known  by  the 
name  of  Marseilles  than  castile. 


Difficulty  of  Breathing.— In  cases  of  diffi- 
culty of  breathing,  the  bystanders  commonly 
raise  the  sufferer  to  a  sitting  poaition  and  allow 
the  head  to  bend  forward,  and  by  so  doing,  they 
increase  the  difficulty.  Dr.  B.  Howard,  in  a 
communication  to  the  Royal  Medical  and  Chi- 
rurgical  Society,  points  out  that  there  is  "an 
anatomical  remedy  against  respiratory  obstruc- 
tion." This  remedy  is  very  simple,  and  may  be 
described  in  one  word — poaition.  Raise  the 
chest,  and  let  the  head  hang  back  as  far  as  may 
be.  The  effect  of  this  position  on  the  respira- 
tory apparatus  is  described  in  anatomical  detail 
by  Dr.  Howard;  but  under  all  the  words  rests 
the  simple  fact,  "that  complete  extension  back- 
ward of  the  head  and  neck  should  be  the  first 
and  instant  measure  in  threatened  or  actual 
apnoea,  both  aa  a  remedy  and  as  the  first  step 
toward  success  in  artificial  respiration." 

Warts. — The  beginning  of  the  growth  of 
warta  ia  due  to  obstruction  which  prevents  the 
free  action  of  the  excretory  organs.  Thia  ob- 
struction produces  a  thickening  of  the  tissue. 
The  process  is  somewhat  like  that  observable  on 
trees.  Owing  to  some  injury,  the  bark  becomes 
diseased  or  damaged,  and  the  juice,  or  sap,  by 
its  unnatural  exposure  to  the  atmosphere,  un- 
dergoes  a  chemical  change,  and  a  growth  is  pro- 
duced which  becomes  iu  time  a  mass  of  har- 
dened tissue — a  kind  of  fibrous  or  cellular 
tumor  in  the  tree.  One  frequently  see3  these 
growths;  their  forms  are  much  varied,  and  by 
no  means  conducive  to  the  beauty  of  the  tree. 
Careful  treatment  with  chromic  acid  will  re« 
move  warts. 


320 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[May  17,  1879. 


W.  B.  EWER Senior  Editor, 


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A  Field  for  the  Unemployed, 


SAN   FRANCISCO: 
Saturday  Morning,  May  17,  1879. 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 

GENERAL  EDITORIALS.— Geysers;  Woodruff's 
Scientific  Expedition;  The  Sutro  Tunnel'  The  Freaks  of 
Commerce;  The  Quartz  Mines  of  California  and  the 
Blue  Ridge  Belt,  313.  The  Week;  A  Field  for  the 
Unemployed;  The  Tributers  and  Coasters,  320.  Amer- 
ican Gauging  and  Measuring  Implements— No.  2;  Ari- 
zona— No.  4;  Leadville  Stock  Exchange,  321. 

ILLUSTRATIONS-  The  Bee-Hive  Geyser,  313. 
American  Gauging  and  Measuring  Implements,  321. 

CORRESPONDENCE.— On  the  Great  Continental 
Divide.  314. 

MINING-  STOCK:  MARKET  —  Sales  at  the  San 
Francisco,  California  and  Pacific  Stock  Boards,  Notices 
of  Assessments,  Meetings  and  Dividends,  312. 

MECHANICAL  PROGRESS.  — Krupp's  Latest 
Patent;  A  New  Locomotive  Chimney;  Note  on  Steel 
Welding;  Barff's  New  Process  for  Preserving  Iron;  The 
New  York  Exhibition  of  1883;  Usudurian  Packing; 
Railroad  Construction  in  1878;  Malleable  Cast-iron; 
Annealing  Glass,  315. 

SCIENTIFIC  PROGRESS— Photography  in  Col- 
ors; On  the  Reddening  of  Carbolic  Acid;  Constitution  of 
Nebulas;  The  Tails  of  Comets;  Solidified  t^-drogen,  315. 

MISCELLANEOUS-— Practical  Divisibility  of  the 
Electric  Light.— No.  1,  318-19.  Tombstone  District; 
The  Keely  Motor,  318. 

USEFUL  INFORMATION.— Hints  on  the  Use  of 
Plaster  of  Paris;  Noiseless  Ware;  Red  Fire;  Brine  forthe 
Preservation  of  Animal  and  Vegetable  Matte:;  Pocket 
Mucilage.  319. 

GOOD  HEALTH— Ringworm;  Errors;  Fish  as  Brain 
Food;  How  to  Prevent  Diseases  among  Children;  Castile 
Soap;  Difficulty  of  Breathing;  Warts,  319. 

MINING  SUMMARY  fromjhe  various  counties  of 
California,  Nevada,  Arizona,  Colorado  and  Oregon, 
317-24. 

NEWS  IN  BRIEF  on  page  324  and  other  pages. 

Business  Announcements. 

Steel  Castings,  Chester  Steel  Castings  Co.,  Philadelphia. 
Mining  Machinery,  Morey  &  Sperry,  New  YorK. 
Coleman's  Patent  Sluice,  J.  Hendy,  S.  F. 


The  Week. 

The  stock  market,  which  has  been  in  a  pe- 
culiarly depressed  condition  since  the  adoption 
of  the  new  Constitution,  has  rallied  somewhat 
in  the  last  few  days,  and  now  appears  firmer 
and  more  cheerful.  There  are  few  mining  dis- 
tricts from  which  reports  are  not  encouraging. 
Plumas  is  putting  down  shafts  and  extending 
tunnels;  Shasta  resounds  with  a  chorus  of  picks, 
sledges  and  the  roar  of  blasts;  Nevada,  Placer, 
and  the  other  gravel  districts,  rejoicing  in  the 
agreement  with  the  farmers  that  they  shall  be 
allowed  to  finish  the  year  without  restraint  from 
the  mining  debris  decision,  seem  revisited  by 
new  energy  and  rich  finds.  In  Oregon,  the 
prospect  is  less  bright,  for  in  the  southern  part 
at  least,  the  want  of  water  is  beginning  to  be 
seriously  felt.  Colorado  continues  to  make  the 
prospector  happy,  but  from  many  sides  come 
grave  whispers  as  to  the  depth  and  permanency 
of  her  principal  mines,  and  openly  expressed 
fears  that  Leadville  will  prove  but  another 
White  Pine.  Arizona,  as  usual,  shows  good 
progress,  and  Tombstone  and  Arivica  must  look 
to  their  laurels  or  they  will  be  surpassed  by  the 
California  and  Don  Cabesas,  while  Santa  Cata- 
rina  and  Comstock  are  not  far  behind.  Nevada 
is  steadily  moving  on  with  the  developments  on 
the  Comstock  and  the  indications  are  good  that 
the  present  stringers  found  will  ere  long  devolop 
into  permanent  ore  bodies.  Paradise  and  Silver 
State  districts  are  gladdening  the  prospector's 
heart,  and,  in  fact,  from  every  side,  the  happy 
and  hopeful  miner  comes,  confident  and  rejoic- 
ing in  the  greatness  and  certainty  of  the  pros- 
pective fortune  he  has  "monumented." 

The  work  of  surveying  and  locating  the 
Northern  Pacific  railroad  is  to  begin  immediate- 
ly at  Astoria,  Or. 


About  1,200  cattle  perished  in  Okanagan 
county,  Or., last  winter,but  there  are  over  10,000 
left 


There  is  in  this  city  at  the  present  time  a 
large  number  of  men  out  of  employment.  The 
most  of  these  are  men  who  have  been  accus- 
tomed to  manual  labor,  though  many  of  them 
have  not,  being  clerks,  book-keepers,  etc.,  with 
a  considerable  sprinkling  of  young  men  who 
have  just  arrived  at  that  age  when  they  need 
and  should  have  some  sort  of  employment  to 
enable  them  to  earn  an  honest  livelihood.  Then, 
besides  these  men  and  lads,  we  have  here  a  great 
many  women  and  girls  who  are  in  want  of  and 
should  have  something  useful  to  do.  The  city 
does  not  and  never  can  afford  employment  for 
all  these  people.  Just  now  there  is  but  little 
building  or  other  kinds  of  improvement  going 
on.  Business  at  our  machine  shops,  mills  and 
foundries,  is  slack,  all  our  manufacturing  and 
mechanical  industries  being  greatly  depressed. 
Nor  is  it  probable  that  we  shall  very  soon  ex- 
perience a  more  active  and  prosperous  condition 
of  things.  The  city  has  rather  outgrown  its 
requirements  and  will  have  to  stop  and  wait  a 
little  till  its  business  and  population  overtake 
it. 

But  were  San  Francisco  growing  and  her  in- 
dustries prosperous  there  would  still  be  here  a 
great  surplus  of  working  population,  two-thirds 
of  which  should  seek  employment  elsewhere. 
But  where  should  they  seek  it  ?  Why,  in  the 
country,  of  course — out  on  the  grass  and  grain 
growing  lands,  in  the  mines,  the  fisheries,  the 
forests — along  all  the  grand  avenues  that  there 
open  to  energetic,  persistent,  well  directed  en- 
terprise. These  unemployed  people  ought  to 
know  this,  for  they  have  been  told  of  it  a  great 
many  times.  Indeed  no  pains  or  expense  have 
been  spared  to  bring  this  knowledge  home  to 
them  through  the  newspapers  and  other  popular 
channels  of  intelligence.  Books  have  been  pub- 
lished, lectures  delivered  and  pamphlets  printed 
by  the  million  for  the  purpose  of  acquainting 
them  with  the  opportunities,  the  grandeur  and 
the  resources  of  California.  The  State  has  been 
so  well  advertised  botfh  at  home  and  abroad 
that  all,  even  the  most  ignorant,  may  be  sup- 
posed to  know  much  about  her  soil,  climate, 
mineral  and  other  forms  of  natural  wealth,  and 
to  duly  appreciate  the  advantages  she  presents 
as  an  industrial  field  and  place  for  settlement. 
But  how  to  avail  themselves  of  these  advan- 
tages is  the  question  with  these  idle,  inexperi- 
enced, short-handed  and  sometimes  wholly 
impecunious  persons.  It  is  to  little  purpose  we 
tell  them  about  all  this  unappropriated  wealth 
and  these  various  openings  for  labor  if  we  can- 
not by  some  useful  suggestions  help  them  to 
turn  the  same  to  practical  account.  And  to  do 
this  is  the  hard  part  of  the  business.  To 
expatiate  on  our  resources  and  give  advice  of  a 
general  kind  is  all  easy  enough  ;  but  to  point 
out  exactly  what  should  be  done  and  how  to  do 
it  is  another  and  more  difficult  matter — so 
difficult  that  it  is  with  no  little  misgiving  we 
venture  a  few  hints  on  a  subject  so  environed 
with  perplexity  and  doubt. 

In  the  first  place  it  seems  to  us  that  those 
branches  of  work  that  our  women  and  girls  can 
do  as  well,  or  nearly  as  well,  as  the  men  should 
be  wholly  given  over  to  them,  the  men  confin- 
ing themselves  to  such  kinds  of  labor  as  the  op- 
posite sex  cannot  so  well  perform.  Under  this 
arrangement  a  large,  and  what  has  heretofore 
been  the  most  helpless  class  of  operatives, 
would  be  provided  for.  In  a  world  where  it  is 
necessary  and  proper  that  all  should  work,  one 
set  of  toilers  should  not  be  permitted  to  encroach 
upon  the  fit  and  natural  labor  sphere  of  another. 
This  would  be  neither  economical  nor  just. 
Even  after  so  enlarging  the  province  of  woman 
it  would,  as  compared  with  that  of  man,  remain 
greatly  restricted.  In  most  countries  it  would, 
to  be  sure,  work  a  present  hardship,  such 
ejection  of  the  men  from  the  various  handicrafts 
and  callings  to  which  they  had  been  trained. 
But  here,  where  we  have  so  many  rugged  in- 
dustries and  such  great  extents  of  agricultural 
and  mining  lands  open  to  all,  such  surrender 
could  be  considered  hardly  more  than  a  tem- 
porary inconvenience.  All  the  unemployed  and 
illy-employed  men  in  San  Francisco  might  find 
opportunities  for  earning  fair  wages  in  the  mines 
of  this  State,  if  only  they  could  be  placed  there 
under  the  right  conditions  and  would  after- 
wards work  with  ordinary  diligence.  So  also 
could  these  men  do  the  same  thing  at  farming, 
fruit  growing  or  stock  raising,  once  they  had  a 
start.  But  it  requires  a  good  deal  more  time 
and  money  to  get  started  at  either  of  these  voca- 
tions than  it  does  at  mining,  wherefore  we  shall 
in  what  we  have  to  say  in  this  connection  con- 
fine ourselves  to  the  latter  subject. 

It  is  now  a  long  time,  20  years  or  more,  since 
the  whites  began  to  leave  the  mines  of  Califor- 
nia because  they  could  no  longer  make  the  big 
wages  to  which  they  had  at  first  been  accus- 
tomed, the  general  impression  being  that  the 
pay  diggings  were  about  exhausted.  And  so, 
abandoning  the  mines  they  scattered,  some 
going  elsewhere  to  prospect,  and  some  engaging 
in  other  pursuits.  Meantime,  another  people 
came  in  to  occupy  their  places.  During  all 
these  years  a  tide  of  Chinese  has  ebbed  and 
flowed  through  the  mines  of  California,  there 
never  having  been  less  than  from  15,000  to  20,- 
000  of  this  race  at  work  in  our  placers.  What 
their  earnings  may  have  been  no  one  knows  : 
that  they  were  satisfactory  is  evidenced  by 
their  persistent  labors  and  steadily  increasing 
numbers.     That  the  most  of  them  have  done 


well  may  be  inferred  from  the  fact  that  great 
numbers  of  them  have  on  leaving  the  mines 
gone  directly  home  to  China.  Their  average 
earnings  have,  no  doubt,  been  much  larger  than 
has  generally  been  supposed. 

And  now  the  question  arises  how  is  it  that 
the  Chinese  have  been  able  to  live  and  thrive 
working  mines  so  generally  abandoned  by  the 
whites  as  being  too  poor  to  afford  them  living 
wages.  In  considering  this  question  we  do  not, 
of  course,  overlook  the  fact  that  the  Chinaman 
can  subsist  himself  somewhat  more  cheaply  than 
the  white  man,  having  at  the  same  time  no  fam- 
ily to  support  nor  public  duties  to  perform. 
But  on  the  other  hand  he  labors  under  certain 
disadvantages  that  more  than  offset  these  favor- 
ing conditions,  leaving  us  to  seek  elsewhere  for 
the  causes  of  his  greater  success,  and  which  we 
are  inclined  to  think  will  be  found  in  his  more 
systematic,  intelligent  and  provident  way  of  go- 
ing about  the  business.  The  Chinaman  who 
has  determined  to  engage  in  mining  does  not 
rush  off  to  the^diggings  alone,  illy  outfitted  and 
unadvised  as  to  where  he  is  going,  or  what  he 
will  be  able  to  do  after  reaching  his  destination. 
These  people  when  they  move  go  in  squads, 
thoroughly  organized,  and  acting  in  concert.  In 
this  manner  they  manage  to  economize  time, 
freight,  passage  money  and  other  expenses, 
while  they  act  with  more  efficiency.  In  many 
instances  these  foreigners  know  before  they  leave 
home  just  where  they  are  going  on  their  arrival 
in  California,  having  been  posted  as  to  the  most 
eligible  mining  localities  by  there  returning 
countrymen.  There  are  here  in  San  Francisco, 
various  associations  who  take  it  upon  themselves 
to  collect  information  from  all  parts  of  the 
mines,  and  to  secure  properties  therein,  for 
which  purpose  they  send  agents  to  examine  dif- 
ferent districts,  and  to  take  up  ground  where 
they  can  find  any  unoccupied,  and  buy  or 
lease  such  as  has  been  already  located  if  suited 
to  their  purpose.  In  these  cases  they  aim  to 
get  hold  of  extensive  tracts,  so  that  they  can  be 
worked  by  large  gangs  of  men.  They  prefer 
shallow  placers,  tailing  deposits  and  river  beds, 
which  can  be  opened  and  worked  at  little  ex- 
pense, most  of  the  outlay  consisting  of  labor. 
In  selecting  these  localities  they  evince  much 
shrewdness  and  tact,  as  they  afterwards  display 
the  greatest  diligence  and  economy  in  working 
them.  Their  provisions,  consisting  largely  of 
rice  and  other  commodities  imported  from  Chi- 
na, all  cheap  and  simple,  are  purchased  from 
their  own  countrymen,  as  are  also  most  of  their 
other  supplies.  Everything  is  bought  at  whole- 
sale, and  consequently  at  the  lowest  rates. 
Whether  in  the  matter  of  living  or  outfitting 
their  claims,  they  incur  no  expense  that  can  be 
avoided.  Hand  is  substituted  for  steam  power, 
and  rude  water-driven  wheels  are  made  to  per- 
form the  duties  of  costly  ditches.  Instead  of 
log  or  board  cabins,  tents,  and  more  often  bough 
houses,  serve  for  protection.  Their  cooking  is 
done  in  a  few  large  kettles  set  on  stones,  neither 
stoves  nor  fire-places  being  required  for  this 
purpose.  They  sleep  on  mats  in  their  ordinary 
clothes,  and  therefore  need  few  blankets.  They 
work  long  hours  and  industriously,  and  so  man- 
age in  the  end  to  make  money,  sometimes  even 
in  very  poor  diggings. 

In  the  foregoing  we  have  the  secret  of  the 
Chinaman's  success  as  a  miner,  and  while  it  is 
not  expected  that  the  white  man  will  have  re- 
course to  all  these  Mongolian  methods  or  con- 
sent to  live  so  nearly  after  the  style  of  savages, 
it  might  be  well  for  us  to  consider  whether  the 
superior  race  could  not  in  the  conduct  of  their 
mining  affairs  adopt  something  of  John's  sys- 
tem, economy  and  close  calculation  to  advan- 
tage. To  the  extent  of  sending  out  experienced 
and  capable  men  to  examine,  choose  and  secure 
eligible  localities  for  mining  operations  and  the 
observance  of  extreme  caution  in  the  matter  of 
expenditure,  we  certainly  might  profit  by  his 
example.  If  the  unemployed  men  in  this  city 
and  other  places  where  labor  exists  in  excess  of 
demand,  would  adopt  the  plan  of  forming  small 
companies  and  by  sending  out  a  suitable  man 
or  through  other  means  ascertain  where  a  good 
opening  presented  itself  for  engaging  in  mining, 
and  then  set  about  the  business  carefully  and 
follow  it  up  with  persistence  and  industry,  they 
would  soon  find  their  condition  and  prospects 
greatly  improved.  There  are  thousands  of  such 
places  in  this  State,  to  say  nothing  of  those 
that  exist  elsewhere.  For  many  reasons,  how- 
ever, California  is  the  best  country  for  men  of 
small  means  to  commence  mining  in.  The  ease 
with  which  the  mines  can  be  reached,  the  cli- 
mate and  the  mineral-bearing  deposits,  being, 
for  the  most  part,  placer  and  auriferous,  rec- 
ommend it  to  this  class  above  any  other  part  of 
the  Pacific  coast.  Let  our  working  people  who 
are  doing  little  or  nothing  consider  these  sug- 
gestions, and  see  if  they  cannot  manage  to  get 
out  into  the  mines  and  find  or  make  openings 
where  they  can  earn  small  wages  at  first,  with 
a  fair  prospect  of  securing  after  a  while  em- 
ployment and  interests  that  will  bring  them  a 
better  reward.  If  properly  undertaken  we  are 
sure  this  could  be  done,  and  hope  to  see  some 
general  movement  entered  upon  looking  to  that 
end. 


The  Tributers  and  Coasters. 


The  Acme  Mine. — We  were  shown  this 
week  a  very  rich  specimen  of  ore  from  the  Acme 
mine,  Bodie,  taken  from  a  depth  of  56  feet  below 
the  surface.  They  are  now  down  80  feet  on  the 
ledge  and  when  they  reach  100  feet  they  expect 
to  commence  crushing  ore.  Ore  of  the  class 
shown  in  the  specimen,  which  contained  fine 
particles  of  native  silver,  will  assay  as  high  as 
$7,000  per  ton,  most  of  the  value  being  in  gold. 

The  French  cabinet  talk  of  resuming  relations 
with  Mexioo. 


As  the  business  of  mining  has  progressed  ott 
this  coast  there  has  arisen  a  necessity  for  many 
new  words  and  terms  to  give  expression  to  the1 
various  forms  the  business  has  taken  on  and  the- 
novel  practices  that  have  grown  up.  To  meet 
this  want  words  wholly  new  have  been  invented 
or  others  already  in  use  have  been  availed  of, 
their  original  meaning  having  sometimes  been 
extended  or  slightly  perverted  to  enable  them 
to  better  accomplish  the  end  for  which  they 
were  introduced.  Though  to  the  stranger  many 
of  these  terms  may  sound  outre  and  barbarous, 
the  California  ear  has  become  reconciled  to  their 
use  and  we  all  recognize  their  good  standing  in 
the  vernacular  tongue.  The  prospector  the 
stampeder,  the  coaster  and  the  tributer  are  all 
understood  to  be  men  and  not  wild  animals. 
They  belong  to  the  various  corps  of  the  mining 
army,  and  if  we  did  not  designate  them  by 
these  we  would  hardly  know  by  what  other 
names  to  call  them.  While  the  meaning  of  the 
first  two  of  these  terms  is  too  well  understood 
to  require  the  services  of  an  interpreter,  the 
other  two,  being  less  familiar,  may  be  the  better 
for  a  little  explanation. 

The  coaster  is  a  person  who  frequents 
abandoned  or  neglected  mines,  and  rummaging; 
about  gouges  out  any  bits  of  good  ore  that  may 
have  been  left  in  the  deserted  drifts  and 
stopings,  though  not  always  over  scrupulous  as 
to  how  or  where  he  prosecutes  his  calling.  He 
is  to  be  regarded  not  so  much  a  freebooter  as  a 
gleaner,  who  goes  over  the  stubble  field  gather- 
ing up  what  has  been  left  and  would  otherwise 
be  lost.  The  ooaster  does  not  confine  his  opera- 
tions to  underground  workings,  but  visits  old 
ore  dumps  and  overhauling  them  picks  out  and 
appropriates  any  fragments  of  good  looking  ore 
that  his  eye  may  happen  to  light  upon,  and  he 
has  a  quick  eye  to  their  detection.  This  frater- 
nity is  made  up  largely  of  Mexicans,  and  others 
of  like  easy  going  habits ;  men  who  dislike 
steady  hard  work,  but  bestir  themselves  where 
thereis  a  chance  of  good  pay,  liking  the  busi- 
ness none  the  less  if  it  happen  to  be  slightly 
tinged  with  the  surreptitious.  Many  a  goodly 
nugget  and  arroba  of  rich  ore  in  days  agone 
have  these  fellowB  secured  from  the  waste  dumps 
along  the  Comstock.  A  few  of  them  reaped  a 
harvest  too  from  the  vacated  shafts  of  Esmeral* 
da,  when  that  district  was  so  hastily  and  pre* 
maturely  relegated  to  a  condition  of  desolation 
and  vacancy.  More  or  less  of  this  gouging, 
cleaning-up  sort  of  work  haB  been  practiced  in 
all  the  old  and  nearly  deserted  mining  camps  in 
the  country  ;  the  overhauling  of  the  waste  ore 
dumps  being  common  wherever  their  owners 
will  permit  it.  Why  men  engaged  in  this  style 
of  ore  gathering  should  have  been  called  coasters 
is  not  quite  clear.  A  coaster  in  nautical  phrase 
is  a  vessel  employed  running  from  port  to  port, 
keeping  near  shore,  being  in  this  distinguished 
from  crafts  that  voyage  across  the  ocean.  In 
that  the  coaster  carries  on  a  more  restricted  and 
irregular  trade  than  the  deep  sea-going  craft — 
the  term  as  applied  to  this  school  of  miners  has 
some  fitness  and  significance,  though  it  is  mani- 
festly lacking  in  the  appropriateness  that  marks 
most  words  belonging  to  the  class  under  con- 
sideration 

The  word  tribute  is  not  new  as  applied  to  a 
certain  class  of  miners,  the  extraction  of  ore  by 
the  tribute  system  having  long  been  in  vogue 
in  older  countries.  The  plan  being,  however, 
of  recent  introduction  here,  calls  for  some  ex- 
planation, the  meaning  of  the  term  as  used 
in  this  connection,  having  been  moreover , 
entirely  perverted  from  its  usual  acceptation. 
A  tributer  is  a  miner  who,  working  a  section 
of  the  lode  assigned  to  him,  receives  instead  of 
wages  a  certain  percentage  of  the  ore  extracted 
or  of  the  metal  made  from  it.  In  the  Stock 
Report  of  recent  date  we  find  such  a  good 
description  of  this  system  and  its  mode  of 
operation  in  our  home  mines  that  we  give  here 
the  main  facts  set  forth  in  that  paper. 

A  good  deal  of  the  ore  reduced  in  the  Man- 
hattan mill  at  Austin,  Nevada,  is  extracted 
from  the  company's  mines  on  tribute.  In 
proceeding  with  this  business,  the  company, 
from  surveys  made  and  for  other  reasons, 
having  good  cause  to  suppose  that  an  ore  body 
exists  at  a  certain  point  in  one  or  more  of  their 
lodes,  enters  into  a  contract  with  a  party  of 
miners  who  agree  to  go  on  and  perform  the 
work  necessary  to  open  up  the  ground  and  ex* 
tract  the  ore  for  ten  per  cent,  of  the  net 
products  of  bullion,  the  company  furnishing 
tools,  timbers  and  supplies,  and  doing  the 
hoisting  and  removing  the  waste.  They  also 
haul  the  ore  to  mill  and  reduce  it.  As  only  the 
net  products  are  divided  with  the  miners,  it  is 
to  the  interest  of  the  company  that  this  should 
be  reduced  to  a  minimum,  an  endthatis  reached 
through  the  establishment  of  -pretty  steep 
charges  for  milling  and  a  liberal  margin  allowed 
for  discount  on  bullion  and  loss  in  actual  work- 
ing. The  miner  gets  his  ten  percent,  of  the  net 
product,  but  the  latter  is  by  the  above  process 
reduced  as  low  as  possible.  To  illustrate  the 
workings  of  this  system  a  little  more  in  detail, 
let  us  suppose  the  miners  take  out  ten  tons  of 
ore  which  are  sent  to  the  mill  and  crushed. 
The  company  assay  the  pulp,  agreeing  to  re- 
turn 80%  of  the  assay  value ;  they  next 
deduct  18%  or  something  like  that,  for 
bullion  discount;  then  §35  per  t(  n  is  charged  for 
milling,  and,  finally,  a  modicum  added  for  taxes, 
after  which  they  are  ready  to  divide  what  is  left 
on  the  basis  agreed  upon,  with  the  miner,  who, 
despite  this  depleting  method,  generally  realizes 
better  pay  under  this  system  then  when  he 
works  for  wages. 


May  17,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


321 


American  Ganging  and  Measuring  Imple- 
ments.—No.  2. 

We  continue  on  this  page  the  showing,  which 
was  begun  in  our  last  issue,  of  the  progress 
made  in  this  country  in  the  manufacture  of 
measuring  machines  and  standard  gauges. 
Again  we  shall  quote  from  the  paper  read  before 
the  Franklin  Institute  by  J.  Richards,  of  the 
firm  of  Richards,  Hand  &  Taylor,  proprietors 
of  the  American  Standard  Gauge  and  Tool 
Works,  Philadelphia  : 

Fig.  1  is  what  is  called  a  caliperiag  machine, 
used  for  transmitting  Bizes,  but  not  for  measur- 
ing beyond  a  degree  of  accuracy  which  the  pitch 
of  a  carefully  made  screw  may  give.  Such  ma- 
chines axe  employed  in  making  gauges,  ream- 
ers, drills,  mandrils,  taps  and  so  on.  Being  in* 
flexible,  or  nearly  so,  the  accuracy  is  greater 
than  in  using  common  calipors,  but  the  main 
difference  and  that  which  gi\es  most  value  to 
such  machines,  is  that  they  indicate  as  the  size 
is  approached  and  also  variations  above  or  be- 
low standard  size  by  1-10,000  of  an  inch.  A 
workman  using  Buch  a  machine  has  no  dread  of 
spoiling  his  work.  He  can  make  a  loose  lit,  a 
shrinking  tit,  or  a  forced  fit,  as  may  be  required. 
The  value  of  such  a  machine  in  a  fitting  shop 
was  never  conjectured  until  one  was  made  and 
put  into  use  at  the  gauge  works.  At  first  it 
was  intended  for  use  only  in  grinding  mandrils 
or  gauges,  but  soon  became  an  implement  of 
general  use.  A  workman  would  finish  a  piece 
of  turned  work  to  5-1,000  or  10-1,000  of  an  inch 
in  diameter  without  losing  auy  time.  Seeing 
the  value  of  such  a  machine,  especially  for  the 
tool  rooms  of  large  machine  shops,  and  also  re- 
quiring more  of  them  in  the  gauge  works,  a 
smaller  and  cheaper  machine,  measuring  to  four 
inches,  was  prepared. 

This  machine  as  shown  in  Fig.  2  is  arranged 
with  divisions  at  one  end  for  the  1-5,000  of  an 
inch,  and  at  the  other  end  for  the  1-3,200  of  an 
inch.  The  same  machine  can  be  adjusted  for 
measuring,  if  desired,  the  index  points  being 
shaped  to  correct  irregularities  of  the  screws. 
The  makers  incline  to  the  opinion  that  machines 
of  this  kind  will  come  into  general  use,  and  are 
experimenting  on  various  modifications  to  per- 
fect and  cheapen  them.  With  this  much  in 
respect  to  the  machines  employed  in  gauge- 
making,  it  will  be  next  in  place  to  describe 
some  of  the  implements  produced. 

It  was  noticed  in  various  shops  that,  whether 
provided  with  cylindrical  gauges  or  not,  fixed 
calipers  were  the  implements  in  use,  in  other 
words,  were  the  working  tools,  and  it  was  re- 
solved to  make  these  a  base,  as  it  were,  for 
gauging,  reversing  the  old  system,  which  would 
procure  the  most  expensive  gauges  for  reference, 
and  then  go  downward  to  calipers  and  other 
tools;  nevertheless  a  set  of  calipers  with  some 
means  to  keep  them  in  adjustment  forms  a  tol- 
erably complete  equipment  to  maintain  Bizes  in 
a  machine  shop.  There  are,  in  such  a  case, 
but  few,  if  any,  tools  not  in  practical  use,  while 
the  original  cost  is  only  a  fourth  to  a  third  as 
much  as  under  the  old  system. 

After  various  experiments  with  molded  steel, 
it  was  found  to  be  suitable  for  calipers.  When 
prepared  for  the  purpose,  it  would  harden  the 
same  as  cast  steel  and,  when  carefully  treated, 
was  free  from  inherent  strains.  Several  differ- 
ent forms  were  tried,  the  result  being  finally  to 
adopt  the  one  shown  in  Fig.  3. 

To  keep  these  calipers  in  adjustment  there 
are  furnished  what  are  called  corrective  gauges, 
in  the  usual  form  in  Fig.  4.  These  gauges  are 
like  what  are  called  step  gauges  in  appearance, 
but  are  made  on  a  wholly  different  plan.  The 
discs  or  plates  composing  the  sizes  are  inde- 
pendent and  ground  separately  to  size,  the  same 
as  cylindrical  gauges;  they  are  mounted  on  a 
spindle  or  bolt,  which  holds  them  together,  but 
permits  their  being  turned  around.  These  discs 
are  made  of  iron  or  steel,  and  can  be  hardened 
if  required;  for  ordinary  cases,  however,  hard- 
ening is  of  no  importance,  and  adds  considera- 
bly to  the  expense  of  preparing  them.  The 
limits  of  accuracy  to  which  these  gauges  are 
made  are  1-5,000,  1-10,000,  and  1-25,000  of  an 
inch,  the  expense  rising  with  the  degree  of 
accuracy,  but  not  in  the  same  proportion. 

The  sizes  are  usually  from  J  to  2£  inches  by 
sixteenths,  and  from  2£  to  4  inches  by  eights  of 
an  inch,  making  49  sizes,  which  can  be  mounted 
in  an  iron  case,  as  shown,  and  be  kept  in  the 
hands  of  a  manager  or  foreman,  who  can  at 
pleasure  inspect  and  test  the  calipers  in  vise. 

If  any  wear  or  derangement  exists,  a  caliper 
can  be  corrected  by  a  careful  blow  on  the  outer 
or  inner  edge,  as  the  case  may  be,  requiring  but 
a  moment's  time,  and  but  little  skill  after  a  few 
experiments. 

Fig.  5  shows  a  kind  of  fixed  calipers,  made  of 
steel  or  white  iron;  the  latter  is  recommended 
for  rough  use,  being  extremely  hard  throughout, 
and  not  liable  to  derangement  by  wear  or  acci- 
dent. Pins  and  collars,  which  seem  to  be  the 
most  expensive  and  difficult  kind  of  gauges  to 
make,  are  by  no  means  so  if,  as  before  men- 
tioned, time  is  not  taken  into  account.  The 
;pins  are  first  made  and  the  collars  lapped  out 
to  fit;  but  by  this  remark  it  must  not  be  in- 
ferred that  the  pins  are  ground  to  size  by  com- 
mon emery  wheels  and  in  an  ordinary  grinding 
machine.  Speaking  for  ordinary  practice,  this 
is  not  the  case,  because  neither  the  nature  of 
grinding  wheels  or  the  movements  for  traver- 
sing, have  been  found  perfect  enough  to  finish 
pins  to  size,  and  there  is  good  authority  for  say- 


ing that  none  have  been  finished  in  this  manner 
in  England. 

The  fixed  calipers,  which  seem  to  be  the  most 
simple  to  make,  are  nevertheless  the  most  diffi- 
cult, and  require  more  implements  and  processes 
than  anything  else.  They  are  more  Bubject  to 
change  from  temperature,  and  a  portion  of  the 
grinding  for  adjustment  has  to  be  done  on  the 
faces  of  wheels,  an  operation  which  is  in  all 
cases  extremely  difficult,  even  if  accurate  re- 
sults are  not  required.  The  great  variation  of 
temperature  between  winter  and  summer  is  a 
considerable  difficulty  in  gauge-making  in  this 
country.  The  lower  temperature  of  winter  can 
of  course  be  controlled   by   artificial   warming, 

FIQ.  1. 


Arizona.— No.  4. 

(Written  for  the  Pkbss  by  W.  H.  &] 
Prescott,  Phoenix  and  Maricopa 

Prescott  iB  located  up  among  the  pines,  at  an 
elevation  of  about  6,000  feet— has  a  good 
climate,  good  water,  men  of  enterprise  and 
brains,  live  newbpapers,  churches,  a  first-class 
school,  library,  dramatic  club,  theater  and  good 
society.  Fort  Whipple,  the  headquarters  of 
Gen.  0.  B.  Wilcox,  Commander  of  the  Depart- 
ment of  Arizona,  is  only  a  mile  from  tho  town, 
and  the  officers  there,  by  their  weekly  recep- 
tions, Berve  to  enliven  and  brighten  society. 

It  was  a  wise  thing,  no  doubt,  bo  far  as  hu- 
man foresight  could  forecast  the  future,  to  lo- 
cate the  capital  of  the  Territory  here,  but  rail- 
roads make  great  innovations,  being  often  in- 
strumental in  destroying  as  well  as  building  up 
towns.  Yuma,  from  a  place  of  importance  and 
large  business,  has  become  a  mere  way  station, 
so  Prescott,  notwithstanding  its  desirable  loca- 
tion, the  energy  and  thrift  of  her  people, 
will   undoubtedly   cease   to  be  the  capital,  and 

FIQ.  3. 


TWO    FORMS    OF    CAUPERING    MACHINES. 


but  the  heat  of  summer  is  not  so  easily  pro- 
vided against;  so  that  in  assuming  a  scale  of 
temperature,  70°  has  been  adopted  at  the  Stand- 
ards Department  in  Washington,  and  the  meas- 
uring machine,  Fig.  3,  has  been  adjusted  at 
that  temperature.  In  England  62°  is  the  com- 
mon standard,  while  in  Northern  Europe  a 
lower  scale  is  common. 


The  Mountain  Telegraph  During  Storms 
Speaking  of  the  difficulties  attending  the 
keeping  of  the  mountain  division  of  the 
overland  telegraph  in  working  order,  the 
Truckee  Republican  of  a  recent  date  says: 
The  railroad  telegraph  wires  cross  the  summit 
in  addition  to  those  of  the  Western  Union. 
During  heavy  storms,  when  trees  are  falling, 
landslides  bearing  away  telegraph  poles,  and 
avalanches  sweeping  sections  of  snow-sheds  into 

FIG.  5. 


the  trade  of  the  Bradshaws  will  naturally  go 
south  to  the  railroad. 

North,  there  is  a  large  extent  of  mineral 
country  which  will  be  developed  in  the  near 
future,  and  within  a  radius  of  20  miles  there 
are  several  upland  grass  and  agricultural  val- 
leys, notably  those  of  the  Agua  Fria,  Skull, 
Kirkland,  and  PeepleB,  all  of  which  will,  in  or- 
dinary seasons,  produce  crops  of  grain,  vegeta- 
bles and  hay.  These  will  contribute  to  make 
Prescott  in  the  future  what  it  has  been  in  the 
past,  a  place  of  considerable  importance. 

One  of  the  most  important  local  industries 
is  the  manufacture  of  lumber.  This  suffers  some- 
what from  the  loss  of  that  portion  of  the  trade 
which  now  goes  to  the  Valley  of  the  Salt,  and 
Gila,  as  this  section  will  hereafter  be  supplied 
from  the  railroad. 

About  10  miles  south  of  Prescott  there  is  a 
wide  sweep  of  valley  land  which,  in  its  desolate- 

FIO.  4. 


CORRECTIVE    GAUGE    AND    FIXED    CALIPERS. 


the  depths  of  the  canyon,  it  becomes  a  matter 
of  great  difficulty  to  manage  the  telegraphic  de- 
partment. Between  Summit  and  Alta,  line  No. 
5  may  be  broken,  and  between  Summit  and 
Truckee,  lines  5  and  G  may  both  be  down.  By 
a  Bimple  arrangement  of  telegraphic  switches, 
No.  5  is  connected  with  No.  6  between  Alta 
and  Summit,  and  with  No.  7  between  Summit 
and  Truckee.  By  this  ingenious  system  it  is 
possible  for  a  single  dispatch  to  travel  on  each 
of  the  ten  wires  during  some  portion  of  its 
transit  from  Sacramento  to  Reno.  In  very  vio- 
lent storms  it  not  unfrequently  requires  the  en- 
tire number  of  wires  to  make  the  equivalent  of 
a  single  wire  on  the  Sacramento  division.  A 
thoroughly  disciplined  corps  of  experienced  tele- 
graph repairers  are  constantly  on  the  alert  at 
the  various  stations  on  the  Sierras,  to  detect 
and  repair  broken  wires.  Yet  so  fierce  and 
furious  are  the  winter  hurricanes  and  snow 
storms,  that  but  for  the  system  of  switching 
wires,  telegraphic  communication  would  fre- 
quently be  impossible. 

During  April,  23,672  cubic  feet  of  the  stone 
embankment  of  the  second  section  of  the  sea 
wall  were  filled  in. 


ness,  forcibly  reminds  one  of  the  sea.  It  is  well 
named  "Lonesome  Valley,"  for  not  a  living 
creature  was  to  be  seen  upon  its  many  thousand 
acres.  It  is  covered  with  thin  grass,  and  would 
make  good  agricultural  land  were  it  not  for  the 
total  absence  of  water.  A  flowing  well  here 
would  be  more  valuable  than  an  ordinary  gold 
mine. 

Eighteen  miles  south  of  Prescott,  in  the  valley 
of  the  Agua  Fria,  is  the  tine  grass  and  stock 
ranch  of  Nathan  B.  Bowers,  Esq.  This  locality 
is  peculiarly  interesting,  as  upon  this  ranch, 
and  in  the  immediate  neighborhood,  are  found 
many  ruins  and  other  evidences  of  the  ancient 
people  who  once  occupied  these  valleys.  The 
massive  walls  of  Mr.  Bowers  house  are  built  of 
atones  taken  from  one  of  these  ruins,  portions 
of  which  still  remain  near  by.  A  short  distance 
away  there  is  what  appears  to  be  an  ancient 
burial  place.  The  graves,  if  such  they  be,  are 
covered  with  fiat  stones  laid  in  a  circle,  raised 
but  little  above  the  ground  and  about  four  feet 
across.  Over  500  of  these  mounds  have  been 
counted  in  a  space  of  about  an  acre.  Who  were 
these  ancient  people  and  when  did  they  occupy 
this  land  ?  Mr.  Bowers  says  that  in  excavating 
he  has  uncovered  their  floors,  which  were  made 


of  earth  pounded  hard  and  smooth,  and  that 
wherever  he  has  come  upon  any  of  their  house- 
hold utenBils,  consisting  of  the  metate  in  which 
they  ground  their  corn  and  pottery  of  various 
sizes  and  styles,  he  has  invariably  found  them 
broken  iu  pieces,  leading  him  to  the  conclusion 
|  that  the  inhabitants  had  been  forcibly  driven 
from  their  homes  by  an  enemy,  and  their  rude 
furniture  destroyed. 

One  hundred  and  ten  miles  south  of  Prescott, 
on  the  Salt  river,  is  situated  the  flourishing 
town  of  Phoenix.  A  new  impetus  has  reoently 
been  given  to  business  here  by  the  completion 
of  the  S.  P.  R.  It.  to  Maricopa.  The  town  is 
located  in  the  midBt  of  a  wide  plain  or  valley 
made  fertilo  by  irrigation,  the  water  for  that 
purpose  being  taken  from  the  river,  and  it  is 
said  that  there  are  a  hundred  thousand  acres  in 
cram  this  year,  mostly  wheat  and  barley.  Dr. 
JoueB,  a  gentleman  of  wealth  and  enterprise,  is 
experimenting  with  sugar  cane,  having  put  in  a 
large  number  of  acres  and  with  proper  handling 
will  be  sure  to  get  a  good  crop.  Here  is  a  field 
in  which  Home  of  the  colored  labor  from  the 
cane  fields  of  Louisiana,  now  seeking  new 
homes,  could  find  profitable  and  congenial 
employment.  Phoenix  iB  ambitious  to  become 
the  future  capital  of  the  Territory.  It  is 
centrally  located,  and  its  importance  will  be 
largely  increased  by  the  building  of  a  branch 
railroad,  now  in  contemplation,  from  the  S.  P. 
R.  R.  at  Maricopa,  a  distance  of  about  30  miles, 
over  a  country  favorable  for  such  construction. 
The  town  is  flat,  the  drainage  is  on  the  sur- 
face, it  is  extremely  hot  in  summer,  and,  unless 
its  sanitary  condition  is  well  looked  after,  it 
will  become,  with  a  population  of  4,000  or  5,000 
people,  very  unhealthy.  New  buildings  are 
going  up,  mostly  of  adobe;  a  bank  has  been 
opened;  the  price  of  lots  is  advancing;  and  there 
is  an  air  of  expectancy  about  the  place  indicat- 
ing an  appreciation  of  the  new  order  of  things 
about  to  be  inaugurated  by  the  incoming  of  new 
people  and  the  development  of  new  enterprises. 

Ten  miles  up  the  Salt,  where  the  stage  road 
from  Phu?uix  to  Maricopa  crosses  the  river,  is 
situated  the  fine  ranch  and  flourishing  mill  of 
the  Hon.  Chas.  T.  Hayden.  The  mill  is  run  by 
water  power,  having  24  feet  fall.  He  also  has 
a  store  here,  postoffice,  Btage  Btatiou,  corrals, 
freight  teams  and  a  small  army  of  Mexican  and 
Indian  retainers;  broad  fields  of  waving  grain 
and  herds  of  cattle,  making  him  a  veritable 
patriarch. 

The  new  railroad  town  of  Maricopa,  the  cen- 
tral and  general  distributing  depot  for  middle 
and  northern  Arizona,  is  rather  pleasantly 
located  on  a  gentle  rise  in  the  desert  near  the 
Santa  Cruz  river,  which  is  here  a  subterranean 
stream.  It  is  flanked  on  either  side  by  short 
ranges  of  mountains,  and  between  these,  in  a 
gap  several  mileB  wide,  the  railroad  comes  in 
from  the  west.  Toward  the  east  the  wide 
illimitable  desert  spreads  out  as  far  as  the  eye 
can  reach,  broken  here  and  there  by  isolated 
mountain  peaks  of  bare  and  reddish  rock, 
which  lift  up  their  jagged  and  serrated  ridges 
out  of  the  plain  in  many  odd  and  curious  shapes 
that  glow  with  fervent  heat  in  the  noonday  sun, 
and  put  on  the  most  wonderful  shades  of  color 
in  the  early  dawn  and  evening  twilight. 

Here,  where  but  a  few  weeks  ago,  the  silence 
of  the  desert  was  unbroken  by  any  sign  of  life 
or  habitation,  there  is  now  an  active,  bustling 
town  of  more  than  500  people,  with  postoffice, 
express  office,  stage  office,  stores,  hotels,  saloons, 
and  new  buildings  goiDg  up  on  every  side.  The 
dust  of  the  plain  whirls  itself  in  eddies  above 
the  ponderous  freight  teams  as  they  come  and 
go,  bearing  the  products  of  many  lands  to  dis- 
tant mining  camps  and  mountain  towns.  Mari- 
copa is  about  30  miles  south  of  Phoenix,  140 
south  of  Prescott,  170  east  of  Yuma,  50  west  of 
Florence,  about  100  northwest  of  Tuscon  and 
890  from  San  Francisco.  It  will  be  the  dis- 
tributing point  for  Florence,  the  valley  of  the 
Gila  and  the  Globe  mining  district,  east.Phcenix, 
the  valley  of  the  Salt,  the  miuing  camps  in  the 
Bradshaw  range,  and  to  some  extent,  Prescott, 
in  the  north.  It  will  have  more  permanency 
than  most  railroad  towns,  and  continue  a  place 
of  business  importance  until  a  branch  railroad 
is  built  to  Pho?nix,  when  most  of  its  business 
will  be  transferred  there,  and  that  place  will 
then  become  the  distributing  point  for  a  still 
wider  range  of  country. 


Leadville  Stock  Exchange. — Sixteen  en. 
terprising  business  men  of  Leadville,  Col.,  have 
recently  organized  a  stock  board,  for  the  further- 
ance of  real  estate  and  mining  interests  in  that 
locality.  It  is  to  be  called  the  Leadville  Stock 
and  Mining  Exchange  Association,  and  is  mak- 
ing strenuous  efforts  to  put  itself  in  readiness 
for  business  by  the  15th  instant.  Rooms  have 
been  furnished  at  the  Clarendon  hotel,  a  con- 
stitution adopted,  permanent  officers  elected, 
aud  arrangements  made  with  the  Western 
Union  Telegraph  Company  for  obtaining  the 
daily  stock  reports  from  New  York  and  San 
Francisco.  The  officers  for  the  ensuing  year 
are  as  follows:  Mr.  H.  A.  W.  Tabor,  President; 
Mr.  H.  L.  Swords,  Secretary,  and  MesBrs.  H. 
A.  W.  Tabor,  L.  J.  Smith,  A.  P.  W.  Skinner, 
John  Kerr,  Geo.  A.  Hinds,  John  Stewart  and 
John  W.  Zollars,  Directors.  The  exchange  has 
now  47  members,  all  of  whom  are  stated  to  be 
representative  mining  men  of  Leadville. 

The  Indians  on  Flathead  reservation,  Mon- 
tana, are  richer  than  the  neighboring  whites, 
cultivating  their  own  farms  and  raising  their 
own  cattle. 


322 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[May  17,  1879. 


TTSTJIR/^"1!  I ! 

IT    PAYS 

Three  to  Four  Per  Cent,  per  day 

—  TO  — 

Cover  Boilers,  Pipes  and  Drums  with 


H.WvJOHN^  PATENT? 


SrlTERTALsT^ 


USB 


LIQUID  PAINTS,  RG0FIH6,  BOILER  CQVgRIHeS, 

Steam  Packing,  Sheathings,  Fire  Proof  Coatings,  Cements, 

SEND  FOR  SAMPLES,   ILLUSTRATED  PAMPHLET  AND  PRIOE  LIST. 

H.W.JOHNS  M'F'G  Co.,  87MAIDEN  LANE,  N.Y, 

PACIFIC  COAST  BRANCH, 

FRED  M.  PATRICK,  Manager, 

5  First  Street,  San  Francisco. 


WASHINQ!  WASHING! 


Prices  Reduced!  Prices  Reduced! 


La  Grande  Laundry, 

13th  Street,  Between  Polsorn  and  Howard. 
PRINCIPAL  OFFICE, 

648  Market  Street,   S.  F. 

Office  open  from  7  A.  M.  to  9  p.  u.    Saturdays  to  11  p.  M. 
Washing  called  for  and  delivered  to  any  part  of  the  city 
free  of  charge. 
All  orders  receive  prompt  attention.    For  circular  and 
rice  List  apply  at  the  Office, 

648  Market  St.,  San  Francisco. 


CAUTION 

To  Hydraulic  Miners. 

The  public  generally  and  Hydraulic  Miners  especially 
are  hereby  notified  that  any  parties  making  or  using  the 
contrivance  known  as  the  HOSKIN  DEFLECTOR  mil  be 
prosecuted  to  the  full  extent  of  the  law,  said  machine 
having  been  declared  by  the  U.  S.  Circuit  Court  an  in- 
fringement upon  my  patent,  the 

Bloomfield  Deflecting  Nozzle. 

The  public  are  also  cautioned  against  using  the  Hoskin 
Deflector  because  of  its  danger  to  life  and  limb,  this  de 
vice  having  already  occasioned  several  deaths  and  other 
erious  accidents.  The  BLOOMFIELD  DEFLECTOR  is 
entirely  Bafe,  its  two  and  a  half  years  use  without  acci- 
dent, as  well  as  its  construction,  proves  it  to  be  a  reliable 
contrivance. 

Any  parties  wishing  to  purchase  the  right  to  use  these 
Deflectors  can  do  so  by  applying  to  the  undersigned, 

HENRY  C.  PERKINS, 
North  Bloomfield,  Nevada  Co.,  Cal.,  Octo- 
ber 1st,  1878. 


ARTESIAN 

AND 

SURFACE 

Well-Boring 

TOOLS. 

Manufactured  by  the 

Rust  Well  Auger 

COMPANY, 
OF    MACON',    MO. 

auoERS  and  l»RILLS  from  best  wrought 
l!ifii!k  /JIliH  ron  ana  steel.  Shafting  is  2-incn  gas  pipe. 
(mm,  /lllllil  Couplings  are  round  plugs  fitted  inside  the 
liSBMlp  pipe.  Drills  fitted  for  rope  or  pule.  All 
^gg^lfiP^  tools  warranted,  and  sold  for  less  money 
**-~**"^  than  can  be  got  elsewhere. 
Send  for  Circular.  O.    RUST,  Macon,  Mo. 


PALACE  T 


1ESTAURAN1   ReducedTnces 


This  elegant  and  spa 
cious  S.  F.  Restaurant 
has  beeu  re-opened  with 
superior  bill  of  fare  dai- 


218  Snnscme  St. 


[Lunch  ready  at  10  a.  m.]  Resident  business  men  and  visi- 
tors from  abroad  will  be  wise  in  giving  this  place  an  early 
fall,    Examine        of  fare  and  prices. 


ly,  and  is  now  the  beBt 
andmost  popular  dining 
saloon  on   this   Coast. 


THE  CALIFORNIA  POWDER  WORKS. 


MANUFACTURERS  OF 


Sporting,  Gannon,  Mining,  Blasting  and 

HERCULES  POWDER 

HERCULES  POWDER,  will  break  more  rock,  is  stronger,  safer  and  better  than  any  other 
Explosive  in  use,  and  is  the  only  Nitro-Glycerine  Powder  chemically  compounded  to  neutralize 
the  poisonous  fumes,  notwithstanding  bombastic  and  pretentious  claims  by  others. 

It  derives  its  name  from  Hercules,  the  most  famous  hero  of  Greek  Mythology,  who  was  gifted  with  superhuman 

strength.     On   one  occasion  he  slew  several  giants  who  opposed  him,  and  with  one  blow  of 

his   club   broke  a  high  mountain  from  summit  to  base. 


No. 
No. 


XX)  is  the  Strongest  Explosive  Known. 

is  superior  to  any  powder  of  that  grade, 

PATENTED  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE. 


ORDERS  RECEIVED  FOR  HERCULES  CAPS  AND  FUSE. 


JOHN.  F.  LOHSE,  SECY. 


Office,    No.  230  California  Street, 


San  Francisco,  Cal. 


HERMAN  H.  HOEST,  Prop'r. 


Hiim  Brass  Foundry  ul  IMuioal  Work  Shop. 

GIOYANNINI  &  CO., 

417  and  419  Mission  Street,    -    -    SAN  FRANCISCO. 


The  attention  of  our  customers  and  especially  of  those  interested  in 
Water  Works,  Gas  Works  or  Mines  is  respectfully  called  to  our  very  im- 
portant improvement  in  the  construction  of  Stop  Valve3  (or  Gates).  They 
differ  from  all  others  in  that  the  inner  faces  are  perfectly  parallel,  there- 
fore when  the  Gate  or  Valve  is  to  be  opened,  at  the  first  movement  of  the 
screw  the  center  block  (see  cut)  releases  the  disks  from  their  bearings,  so 
that  they  will  move  easily  and  prevent  the  wearing  of  the  inner  faces. 

This  Gate  has  nroved  very  efficient  in  Pipes  of  all  size3,  and  under  any 
pressure  and  from  its  double  form  and  perfect  joint  formation  is  especially 
valuable  for  use  in  large  PipeB  tor  water,  steam  and  gas,  and  from  its 
avoidance  of  any  wedge  Bhape  cannot  jam  at  any  point  {see  cut). 

The  CJ.  A  IE.  Valves  (or  Gatea)  have  no  equal  in  simplicity  of  construc- 
tion of  all  working  parts,  ease  of  access  for  repairs,  and  durability. 

We  have  recently  enlarged  and  fitted  up  our  Brass  Foundry  and  Shop 
with  all  the  latest  improved  Tools  and  Machinery,  thus  greatly  increasing 
our  facilities  for  rapidly  executing  orders  for  all  sizes  of  Stop  Valves  (or 
Gates)  from  three-inch  to  four  feet  in  diameter,  or  any  size,  to  order.  We 
guarantee  them  to  give  better  satisfaction,  cost  less  money,  and  last 
longer  than  any  other  Valve  in  uce. 

We  are  al  to  preoared  to  execute  all  orders  in  Brass  Work  for  Breweries, 
Distilleries,  Plumbers,  Gas  and  Mining  Apparatus,  Ship  Work,  Soda  Ap- 
paratus, Steam  Fittings,  Meters,  Gauges  and  Indicators.  Also  in  Machine 
Pattern  and  Model  Making,  and  Clock  Work.  Gear  cut  to  order.  Brass 
Castings  of  all  kinds.  We  are  confident  of  our  ability,  aud  all  orders  en- 
trusted to  us  will  be  executed  with  promptness  and  dispatch. 

GIOVANNINI  &  CO.,  417  &  419  Mission  St,  S.  P. 
Liberal  Discount  to  the  Trade.  iJSTSend  for  Circular. 


SAVE   YOUR    GOLD! 


Highly  Important  to  Miners  and  Quartz  Mill  Men! 

SILVER    PLATED    AMALGAMATING    PLATES. 

The  best  process  yet  discovered  for  saving  line  or  float  gold.  Extensively  used  with  great 
success  in  gravel  and  placer  mining  in  various  parts  of  the  Pacific  Coast.  Over  rive  hundred 
orders  have  been  tilled,  and  the  demand  is  constantly  increasing.  A  large  number  of  these  Plates 
were  sent  to  Snake  River  mines,  Idaho,  last  year,  and  a  great  many  orders  are  being  filled  for 
them  this  season.  Circulars  containing  full  instructions  for  working  these  Plates  sent  with  each 
order.  Old  Mining  Plates  bought  or  taken  in  exchange  for  new  Silver  Plated  Plates,  and  full 
value  allowed.  Gold  extracted  from  old  Plates  at  a  moderate  cost  by  a  new  and  economical  pro- 
cess.    Old  Plates  (which  often  contain  a  surplus  of  gold  above  the  cost  of  plating)  can  be  re-plated. 

With  the  most  extensive  facilities  on  the  Pacific  Coast,  orders  can  be  rilled  very  promptly 
and  satisfaction  guaranteed. 

Mining  Men  and  the  public  generally  are  cautioned  against  unprincipled  and  Irre- 
sponsible parties  traveling  through  the  country,  endeavoring  to  secure  orders  for  very 
inferior  qualities  of  Silver  Plated  Mining  Plates. 

SAN  FRANCISCO  GOLD,  SILVER,  NICKEL  AND  COPPER  PLATING  WORKS, 

Nos.   653  and  655  Mission  Street,   San  Francisco,   Cal. 
EDWARD    G.    DENN1STON, PROPRIETOR. 


BOOKS 


RELATING   TO 


PRACTICAL    SCIENCE. 


E.    &    P.    N- 


Catalogue  Free  by  Mail  on  Application. 
SPON,    447    BROOME    STREET,    NEW    YORK. 


Tobacco  Fiber  Pipes,  inc.,  Si. 25  a  Dozen.  Match  Boxes,  20c.  and  25c.  Horse  Shoe  Inkstands 
very  unique,  §2,60;  $20  a  Dozen.  Steel  W&tch  Chains,  new  designs,  15c;  §1.25  a  dozen.  Sensation  Fin- 
ger Traps,  first-class  trick,  25c;  S1.50  a  dozen.  Chinese  Spiral  Puzzle.  20c;  31.26  a  dozen.  A  first-class 
Four-Bladed  Pocket  Knife.  70c  Coin-Holders,  to  hold  $5,  20c;  $1.25  a  doz.  A  Good  Imitation 
Russian  Leather  Pocket  Book,  50c.  Magic  Two-Cent  Boxes.  25c. ;  SI.  75  a  dozen.  Samples  Post-paid. 
Stamp  for  Circular,     lc,  2c,  or  3c.  Stamps  taken  in  payment.     W.  D.  HAMMITT,  97  Clermont  Ave.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 


ST.    DAVID'S. 

A     FIRST-CLASS      LODGING      HOUSE. 

CONTAINS  113  ROOMS. 
715  Howard  St.,  near  Third,  San  Francisco. 

This  House  is  especially  designed  as  a  comfortable  home  for 
gentlemen  and  ladies  visiting  the  city  from  the  interior.  No 
dark  rooms.  Gas  and  running  water  in  each  room.  The  floors 
are  covered  with  body  Brussels  carpet,  and  all  of  the  furniture 
is  made  of  solid  black  walnut.  Each  bed  has  a  spring  mat- 
tress, with  an  additional  hair  top  mattress,  making  them  the 
most  luxurious  and  healthy  beds  in  the  world.  Ladies  wish- 
ing to  cook  for  themselves  or  families,  are  allowed  the  free 
use  of  a  large  pubbc  kitchen  aud  dining  room,  with  dishes. 
Servants  wash  the  dishes  and  keep  up  a  constant  fire  from  6 
a.  m.  to  7  P.  St.  Hot  and  cold  baths,  a  large  parlor  and  read- 
ing room,  containing  a  Grand  Piano— all  free  to  guests.  Price 
single  rooms  per  night,  50  cts,;  per  week,  from  82,50  upwards 
R.  HUGHES,  Proprietor. 

At  Market  Street  Ferry,  take  Omnibus  line  of  street  cars 
to  corner  Third  and  Howard. 


FOR  SALE.—  16-horse  Engine  8-inch  by  16-inch 
bore,  with  20-horse  boiler.  Hot  water  pump.  Every- 
thing- necessary  to  set  it  to  ruuning.  Price,  §1,000.  At 
Jackson's  Agricultural  Machine  Works,  S.  E.  corner  6th 
and  Bluxome  Sts, ,  San  Francisco. 


ROYAL 

Writing 


ILLS 

Papers. 


Notes,  Letters,  Legals  and  Foolscaps,  all  weights. 
An  Extra  Superfine  Paper  at  low  price, 

H.  S.  CROCKER  &  CO. 


PETERSON  &  0LSS0N, 
MODEL    MAKERS. 

INVENTORS 

Will  find  It  to  their  advantage  to  call  on  us  at  328  BUSH 
STREET,  bet.  Montgomery  and  Kearny  (up-stairs,)  S.  F. 


Take  the  Paper  that  stands  by  your  in- 
terests. 


uiistes  hirectory. 


WM.,  BARTLINO.  HENRY  KIMBALL 

BARTLINO    &    KIMBALL, 
BOOKBINDERS, 

Paper  Rulers  &  Blank  Book  Manufacturers. 
505  Clay  Street,(southwest  corner  Sanaome), 

BAN   FRANCISCO. 


San  Francisco  Cordage  Company. 

Established    1856. 

We  have  just  added  a  large  amount  of  new  machinery  of 
the  hit  fat  and  most  improved  kind,  and  are  again  prepared 
to  fill  orders  for  Rope  of  any  special  lengths  and  sizes.  Con- 
stantly on  hand  a  large  stock  of  Manila  Rope,  all  Bizee: 
Tarred  Manila  Rone;  Hay  Rope;  "Whale  Line,  etc  ,  etc 
TUBBS  &  CO., 
611  and  613  Front  Street,  Sao  Francisco 


JOHN    A.    CHURCH, 
MINING    ENGINEER, 

COLUMBUS,  OHIO. 

C.    L.   GILLER, 
SEAL    ENGRAVER    AND    DIE    SINKER, 

No.  430  MONTGOMERY  STREET,  S.  P. 

The  heat  Work  done  on  the  most  reasonable  terms  on 
the  CoaBt. 


Boswell  Fruit  Drier. 

Operated  byJDefleoted  Heat. 

STANDARD   SIZE, 

Capacity,  500  lbs. 
PRICE,  $75. 

A  Cheap  and  handy  Drying 
Machine,  within  the  reach  of 
every  farmer  and  fruit-raiser, 
with  which  they  can  dry  their 
own  fruits  at  home,  without 
extra  help  and  at  very  small 
expense  Fruit  can  be  taken 
dead  ripe  and  successfully 
dried  in  the  BoswelL  because 
the  atmosphere  in  which  it  lg 
dried  is  heated  by  deflected 

HEAT  AND  RETAINS  ALL  THE  OXYGEN  IN  ITS  PURE  STATE, 

which  is  as  essential  for  preserving  the  fruit  as  for  its  growth 
and  maturity  on  the  tree;  besideB,  the  entire  nutriment  and 
flavor  are  retained.  Fruit  dried  in  the  Boswell  will  gain  from 

20   TO    40   PER.    CENT.    IN    WEIGHT    and   30    PER    CENT.  IN 

quality  over  any  other  method.       Also, 

COMMERCIAL    DRIERS, 

With  capacity  for  drying  from  1,000  TO  4,000  pounds,  at 
special  rates.       Also 

Boswell's  Heater,  Cooker  and  Drier 

Combined  for  family  use.    And 

Boswell's  Pure  Air  Heater, 

In  cabinet,  iron  or  marble  case,  any  size,  for  heating  public 
Buildings,  Hotels,  Halls,  School  Houses,  Churches,  Hospi- 
tals, Railroad  Cars,  Stores,  Offices,  Private  Residences,  etc. 
Will  heat  evenly  the  entire  building  with  pure  air,  and 
with  one-third  the  quantity  of  fuel  required  In  any  other 
Heater.       Send  for  price  list  and  circulars  to  the 

BOSWELL,  PURE  AIR  HEATER  CO., 

No.  606  Montgomery  Street,  San  Francisco. 


BOESCH'S   PATENT 

Hydraulic,  Mining  and  Locomotive  Head 
Lights.    The  Best  and  Cheapest. 

Reflector    Factory, 

SAN  FRANCISCO. 


Pacific    Lamp    and 

569  MISSION  ST., 


Some  fine  sunny  offices  (next 
to  the  Press  office),  to  rent  (at 
very  reasonable  rates),  by  Dewey 
&  Co,,  at  202  Sansome  street, 
corner  of  Pine. 


Kustel's  Concentration  of  Orbs  (of  all  kindB),  incliL, 
ding  the  Chloriuation  Process  for  Gold-bearing  SulphuretB* 
Arseniurets,  and  Gold  and  Silver  Ores  generally,  with  ISO 
Lithographic  Diagrams,  1867.  The  most  complete  treat- 
ise. Published  at  this  office.  Price,  $7.50.  Postage,  60 
cents  extra. 


May  17,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS 


323 


Metallurgy  apd  Ores, 

Nevada    Metallurgical    Works, 

No.  23   STEVENSON  8TREET, 
Near  Finit  and  Market  StreeU. 

Ores  worked  by  my  process. 

Ores  sampled. 

Assaying  in  all  its  branches. 

Analysis  of  Ores,  MiueralB,  Waters,  etc. 

Working  tests  mm. 

Plans  furnished  for  the  most  suitable  process 
1  or  working  Ores. 

Special   attention   paid   to    Examinations   of 
Mines;  plans  and  reports  furnished. 
E.  HUHN, 

C.  A.  luckhardt, 

Mining  Engineers  and  Metallurgists 

JOHN  TAYLOR  &  CO., 

Importors  of  and  Dealers  In 

ASSAYERS'  MATERIALS, 

CHEMICAL  APPARATUS  AND  CHEMICALS,  DRUG- 
GISTS' GLASSWARE  AND  SUNDRIES,  Etc. 

512  &  618  Washington  St.,  San  Francisco 

We  would  call  the  special  attention  of  Assayers,  Chem- 
ists. Mining  Companies,  Milling  Companies,  Prospectors, 
etc.,  to  our  stock  of  Clay  Crucibles,  Muffles,  Dry  Cudb, 
etc.,  manufactured  by  the  Patent  Plumbago  Cruci- 
ble Co.,  of  London,  England,  for  which  we  have 
been  made  SoU  AgenU  for  the  Pacific  Coast.  Circulars 
with  prices  will  be  sent  upon  application. 

Alio,  to  our  large  and  well  adapted  stock  of 

Assayers'  Materials  &  Chemical  Apparatus, 

Having  been  engaged   in  furnishing  these  supplies  since 
the  first  discovery  of  mines  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 

iSTOur  Gold  and  Silver  Tables,  showing  the  value  per 
ounce  Troy  at  different  degrees  of  fineness,  and  valuable 
tables  for  computation  of  assays  in  grains  and  grammes, 
will  be  sent  free  upon  application. 

JOHN    TAYLOR    &    CO. 


LEOPOLD   KUH, 

(Formerly  of  the  U.  S.  Branch  Mint,  S.  F.) 

Assayer    and    Metallurgical    Chemist, 

No.  611  COMMERCIAL  STREET, 
(Between  Montgomery  and  Kearny,) 

San  Francisco,  Cal. 


OTTOKAR  HOFMANN, 
METALLURGIST  and  MINING  ENGINEER, 

415  Mission  St.,  bat.  First  and  Fremont  Streets, 
SAN    FRANCISCO. 
£2T£rcction  of  Leaching    Works  a  Specialty. 
£5TLeachimr  Tests  made. 


The   Miners'    Assay   Office, 

N.   E.  Corner  of  the   Plaza, 
PRESOOTT,       *      -      -       -       ARIZONA. 

Assays  of  Silver,  $1.50.    Gold  and  Silver,   $2.    Other  Ores 
at  corresponding  rates,     All  assays  guaranteed. 
Gold  and  Sliver  melted  into  Bars.     Working  Tests  made. 
JSTMinca  examined,  sales  negotiated,  etc. 

W.  H.   WILLISCRAFT, 
P.  O.  Box  153.  Prescott,  Arizona. 


TKOS.  PRICE'S 

Office    and    Chemical 
Laboratory, 

624  Sacramento  St.,  S.  F. 


ELECTRIC    LIGHT. 

BRUSH     PATENT. 
The  Best,  Cheapest,  Cleanest,  and  Most  Powerful  Light  in  the  World. 

In  daily  use'at  the  PalacelHotel  and  the  Union  Iron  Works.  S.  F. 


Parties  desiring  Electric  Light  for  Halls,  Shops,  Docks,  Mills, 
Streets  and  Mines,  are  invited  to  send  us  full  particulars  regarding 
the  buildings,  rooms  or  places  to  be  lighted,  including  dimensions, 
character  of  walls  and  ceilings,  amount  of  available  power  and  its 
location,  amount  of  light  now  used,  character  of  work  being  done, 
length  of  time  light  will  be  needed  continuously,  etc. 

With  these  items  before  us,  we  will  make  a  proposition  to  furnish 
a  COMPLETE  OUTFIT  OF  ELECTRIC  LIGHT,  put  it  in  perfect 
working  order  and  guarantee  its  success  and  permanence.     Address  all  communications, 

S.  F.  TELEGRAPH  SUPPLY  CO., 

WM.    KERR,    President, 

San   Francisco,   Cal. 


Ingersoil  Rock  Drills. 

In  use  in   the    largest   and  best 
Mines  of  the  Coast. 

HAS    AUTOMATIC  FEED. 

Has  less  Repairs. 

Is  Lighter  and  more  Easily  Ad- 
justed than  any  other  Drill. 
Our  DRY  AIR  COMPRESSORS  are  the  most  Economical  Compressors  in  the  Market. 

MINERS'  HORSE-POWER. 


Machinery. 


THOMSON    &   EVANS, 

(Successors  to  Thomson  &  Parkkk,)) 

Engineers  and  Machinists. 


Steam  Pumps.  Steam  Engines.  Hoisting, 

Pumping,  Quartz  Mill.  Mining,  Saw 

Mill   Machinery,  Specialties. 

Plana  and  Specifications  for  Machinery  funiiahru.     Re* 
Hairing  promptly  attended  to. 

110  &  112  Beale  St.,  San  Francisco. 


This  Power  la  especially  adapted  to  working  mines,  hoist 
ing  coal  01-  building  material,  etc.    It  will  do  the  work  of  a 
Steam  Engine  with  one-tenth  the  expense,    One  Horse  ca 
easily  hoist  over  1,000  pounds  at  a  depth  of  500  feet. 

The  Power  ia  miiinly  built  of  wrought  iron,  and  cannot  be 
affected  by  exposure.  The  hoisting-drum  la  thrown  out  of 
gear  by  the  lever,  while  the  load  is  held  lu  place  with  a  brake 
by  the  man  tending  bucket.  The  frame  of  the  Power  is 
bolted  to  bed-timbers,  thus  avoiding  all  frame  work.  When 
required  these  Powers  are  made  in  sections  for  packing. 


REYNOLDS,   RIX   &  CO.,  18  &  20   Fremont  St.,  San  Francisco. 


8.  P.  Dkktkkn.  Wm.  E.  Smith, 

PIONEER  REDUCTION  WORKS, 

Channel  Street,  off  foot  of  Fourth, San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Highest  price  paid  for  Sulphurets,  Araeniurets,  Tellurides 
and  Gold  OreB  generally. 

Careful  attention  paid  to  practical  working  teats  on  a 
large  acalc  of  Gold-bearing  Quartz  and  ores  of  a  refractory 
and  sulphureted  nature. 

Will  examine,  report  on,  and  survey  mining  properties. 


METALLURGICAL    WORKS, 

STRONG    &    CO.,    10  Stevenson  Street, 

ORES  SAMPLED,  TESTED,  ASSAYED. 


GUIDO      KUSTEL, 

MINING  ENGINEER  and  METALLURGIST. 

P.    O     Address:    ALAMEDA,     CAL. 

PACIFIC    POWER    CO. 

Room  with  steam  power  to  let  in  the 
Pacific  Power  Co.'s  new  brick  building, 
Stevenson  street,  near  Market.  Eleva- 
tor in  building.  Apply  at  the  Com- 
pany's office,  202  Sansome  St.,  room  7. 

RARE    CHANCE. 

For  sale  or  to  lease,  a  two-thirds  interest  in  a  good  pay 
'ng  country  newspaper.    Address  "Libbrai.,"  this  «ffic* 


Address,  FRASER,  CJEaiA.I>»IEKSS  «fc  CO..  CWcaKO,  111. 


D.  F    HUTCHINGS. 


D.  M.  DUNNE. 


J.  SANDERSON 


IFHICEItJTIX:    OIL    WORKS, 

HUTCHINGS    &.    CO., 

OIL    and    COMMISSION    MERCHANTS, 

Manufacturers  and  Dealers  in  Sperm,  Whale,  Lard,  Machinery  and  Illuminating  Oils. 

517    FRONT   STREET     SAN    FRANCISCO. 


Mining     Books. 

Orders   for   Mining   and   Scientific  Books  in   general 
will  be  supplied  through  this  office  at  published  ratos, 


,£311^       DR.   LIBBEY, 
'Sfiir?  DENTIST, 

N.   W.   Corner  Kearny  and  Geary  Streets, 
Entrance  on  Geary  Strceet,         SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL 


THE  IMPROVED  O'HARRA 

OHLORIDIZING  FUENAOE. 

Patented  Sept.  10th,  1878. 

Now  in  Operation  at  the  Extra  Mining  Co.'s 
Works,  Copper  City,  Shasta  Co.,  CaL 

Two  men  and  two  cords  of  wosd  roast 

Forty  Tons  of  Ore  in  Twenty-four  Hours, 

Giving  a  full  ehlorination  (100%)  at  a  cost  of  30  cents  per 
on.    Address, 

O'HARRA    &    FERGUSON, 
Furnaceville,  Shasta  Co.,  Cal 
Or  CHAS.  W.  CRANE,  Agent, 

Room  10,  Safe  Deposit  Building,  San  Francisco. 


J.  S.  PHILLIPS,  m.e., 

Consulting  Engineer  ft  Metallurgist, 
Examiner  of  Mines  and  Assayer, 

702    CALIFORNIA     STREET, 

JuOtor  of—  -  »«-»-  Ban  Francisco. 

The  Explorers')  Miners' and  Metallurgists'  Companion, 

672  pages,  83  Illustrations,  (2d  Edition.)    Price 3  10  50 

The  prospector's  "  Wee  Pet "  Assayer,  (Patented) 100  00 

The  Testing  Machine  for  Gold,  Silver,  Lead,  etc 40  00 

The  "Little  Wonder"  Self-calculating  Sample  and 

Button  Weigher,  (Patented) 25  00 

Blow-pipiats'  Pocket  Laboratory  of  Tools,  Fluxes,  etc.    50  00 

Vest  Pocket  Blowpipe 3  00 

CHARGES.— Assaying,  S3;  Testing,  :?2  per  metal 

Assaying  and  Testing  Taught. 
WANTED-$10,000. 

For  810,000  cash  in  hand  I  will  give  a  one-half  interest 
in  the  BLUE  JAY  and  ELEPHANT  QUARTZ  mines, 
situated  in  the  French  Creek  Mining  District,  Siskiyou 
County,  Cat.  And  I  will  take  or  give  a  lease  on  said 
mines,  and  pay  or  receive  eight  per  cent,  on  the  amount 
invested.  For  further  particulars  apply  to  H.  C.  Cory, 
Etna  Mills,  Siskiyou  County,  California, 


San   Francisco   Pioneer  Screen   Works 

J.  W.  QUICK,  Manufacturkr, 

Several  first  premiums  received 
for  Quartz  Mill  Screens,  and  Per- 
forated Sheet  Metals  of  every 
description.  I  would  call  special 
attention  to  my  SLOT  CUT  and 
SLOT  PUNCHED  SCREENS, 
which  are  attracting  much  at- 
tention and  giving  universal 
satisfaction.  This  is  the  only 
establishment  on  the  coast  de- 
voted exclusively  to  the  manufac- 
ture of  ScreenB.  Mill  owners  using  Battery  ScreenB  exten- 
sively can  contract  for  largo  supplies  at  favorable  rates. 
Orders  solicitedand  promptly  attended  to. 

32  Fremont  Street.  San  Francisco. 


Mil 


F.  MOORECROFT, 

Stone  Seal  Engraver, 

THURLOW    BLOCK, 

Room  38,  126  Kearny  St. ,  Cor.  Sutter,  San  Francisco. 

Coats  of  Arms,  Crests,  Monograms  and  Ma- 
sonic Inscriptions  Carefully  Engraved. 


Dewey  &  Co {^me3!?:} Patent  Ag'ts 


324 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS 


[May  17,  1879. 


"Continued  from  page  317- 


the  quartzite  footwall.  No  material  change  to  note.  They 
are  getting  some  very  rich  ore  from  near  the  surface  of 
the  south  shaft,  the  old  Hamburg  shaft  and  from  just 
above  the  end  of  the  south  drift  on  the  250  level. 

Fourth  of  July.— During  the  week  work  throughout 
the  mine  has  progressed  as  usual.  Ahout  50  ft  above  the 
lower  tunnel  they  discovered  quite  an  extensive  cave,  the 
bottom  of  which  shows  some  very  rich  ore.  They  com- 
menced Bhipping  ore  to  the  Richmond  furnace  on  the  1st 
instant. 

PARADISE  DISTRICT. 

Mining  Items.—  Silver  State,  May  12:  A  prospector 
named  B.  H.  Davis  has  discovered  rich  ore  about  76  miles 
southwest  of  Paradise.  The  Arthur  Con.  has  a  4-ft  vein 
of  ore,  which  averages  850  per  ton,  in  silver.  The  Arthur 
is  supposed  to  be  a  continuation  of  the  Big  Prize.  Messrs. 
Torrey  and  Ryan,  principal  owners  of  the  Gulch  mine,  are 
developing  a  valuable  piece  of  mining  property.  It  is 
being  prospected  by  both  tunnel  and  shaft.  The  ledge  is 
about  three  ft  wide,  and  carries  considerable  horn  and 
native  silver,  and  some  black  sulphurets.  Judge  Harlan 
and  Mr.  Merchant  have  just  returned  from  a  visit  to  the 
Giant  mine.  Judge  Harlan, a  first-class  assayer,  states  that 
samples  brought  in  will  assay  over  40%  copper  and  about 
930  in  silver. 

SILVER  STATE  DISTRICT. 

General  Notes.—  Silver  State,  May  12:  This  district 
is  situated  in  a  range  of  mountains  which  runs  north  and 
south,  parallel  with  the  Winnemucca  and  Paradise  range. 
Miueral-bearing  viens  have  been  discovered  in  three 
places,  several  miles  apart,  in  the  district.  The  central 
mines,  comprising  the  Silver  Bill,  Blue  Bell,  Blue  Jay, 
Evening  Star,  Flora  Bell,  Chloride  and  several  other  loca- 
tions, are  situated  in  Lewis  hill.  The  ledges  crop  out 
boldly,  and  can  be  traced  a  considerable  distance  on  the 
surface.  An  incline  shaft,  some  25  or  30  ft  deep  was  sunk 
en  the  Blue  Bell,  by  Col.  Buel,  who  leased  the  location 
from  tbe  owners.  The  ore  extracted  was  shipped  to 
"Winnemucca,  but  in  consequence  of  a  cave  in  the  shaft, 
work  has  been  suspended  for  the  present.  Two  enter- 
prising miners,  Messrs.  Bradley  &  Hunter,  have  leased 
the  Blue  Jay,  and  are  extracting  ore  from  the  croppings, 
which  is  rich  beyond  all  doubt.  Some  of  this  ore  assorted 
and  sacked  for  shipment,  is  expected  to  mill  from  $800  to 
§1,200  per  ton.  Nearly  all  the  croppings  contain  more  or 
less  rich  ore,  but  there  is  not  sufficient  work  done  to  de- 
termine the  value  of  any  of  the  claims.  About  six  miles 
north  of  Lewis  hill,  Messrs.  Cook,  Glidden  &  Rodda,  are 
at  work  on  the  Rodda  ledge,  and  four  miles  south  of  Lewis 
hill,  Zack  King  and  two  or  three  others  are  at  work. 
Mineral-bearingquartzis  said  to  abound  in  the  range,  north 
and  south,  a  distance  of  20  miles  or  more,  but  no  work  of 
any  consequence  has  been  done  anywhere  in  the  district, 
or  in  the  range,  the  greater  part  of  which  is  yet  unpros- 
pected. 

ARIZONA. 

Globe  District.— Silver  Belt.  May  8:  The  Cox  &  Coplin 
mine,  if  not  already  sold,  will  be  taken  at  the  figures 
named  in  the  bond.  It  has  developed  richer  ore  and  more 
of  it  than  it  showed  at  the  date  of  the  agreement  of  sale 
A  gentleman  who  has  Bjme  experience  in  mines  was 
recently  down  in  the  Metamora,  and  expressed  himself 
well  pleased  with  the  indications,  and  gives  it  as  his 
opinion  that  it  will  develop  into  a  valuable  mine.  The 
shaft  is  down  205  ft,  at  which  depth  water  has  appeared, 
which  will  necessitate  proper  machinery  before  going 
further.  A  crosscut  has  been  run  from  the  bottom  of  the 
Bhaft,  and  gives  a  distance  between  walls  of  eight  ft  and 
eight  inches,  and  shows  ore  distributed  throughout  which 
gives  good  assays.  Messrs.  Riggs,  Campbell  and  Newland, 
owners  of  the  La  Plata  mine,  Richmond  basin,  are  down 
on  the  main  ledge  55  ft,  and  have  a  vein  carrying  ore  from 
wall  to  wall,  seven  ft.  The  ore  is  principally  sulphurets, 
with  native  and  ruby  silver,  and  is  similar  in  character  to 
the  King  ore. 

San  Xavier.—  Star,  May  10:  Work  on  the  San  Xavier 
mines  is  progressing  at  a  rapid  rate.  Enough  meu  are 
employed  to  run  both  night  and  day  shifts,  and  but  few 
mines  in  Ariioua  can  show  an  "amount  of  development 
equal  to  these.  One  shaft  is  already  down  to  a  depth  of 
115  ft,  and  has  drifts  aggregating  about  80  ft.  This  is 
called  the  "C"  shaft,  and  is  in  mineral  its  entire  depth, 
tbe  vein  at  the  bottom  being  39  ft  in  width.  On  the  dump 
at  the  mouth  of  this  Bhaf t  are  about  1,100  tons  of  ore.  The 
"Union,"  or  working  shaft,  is  on  the  line  dividing  the 
Calabrasas  and  San  Xavier  property,  and  has  already 
reached  a  depth  of  100  ft.  It  is  boarded  or  cased  from  top 
to  bottom,  the  intention  being  to  ultimately  put  in  a 
hoisting  cage.  The  third  shaft  has  reached  a  depth  of 
about  90  ft,  and  In  its  course  has  discovered  some  very 
rich  ore  bodies. 

COLORADO. 

Kokojio.— Georgetown  Courier,  May  8:  The  Wheel  of 
Fortune  looks  splendid,  having  a  vein  of  ore  from  0  to  19 
It  thick.  The  ore  is  principally  galena,  with  iron  and  cop- 
per pyrites  mixed  in  it.  The  vein  is  very  uneven  and 
bunchy,  and  not  at  all  like  the  Leadville  deposits.  Eddy 
Sl  James,  of  Leadville,  who  have  purchased  the  ore  from 
this  mine,  claim  that  it  is  worth,  delivered  at  the  mill  in 
Leadville,  about  $200  per  ton.  The  mine  is  producing  a 
large  amount  of  ore,  which  is  now  piled  up  at  the  mine 
awaiting  transportation  facilities  The  Robinson  mine 
has  a  vein  from  three  to  six  ft  thick,  with  the  general 
characteristics  of  the  Wheel  of  Fortune  ore,  except  the 
grade  is  somewhat  better.  The  ore  purchased  from  this 
mine  is  worth,  net,  delivered  in  Leadville,  about  S250  per 
ton.  Some  fine  specimens  of  carbonate  ore  have  come 
from  a  claim  above  timber  line,  on  Jack  mountain,  which 
belongs  to  one  of  the-Recen  boys.  The  vein  is  said  to  be 
14  inches  thick  and  assays  from  50  to  350  ounces  per  ton. 
This  is  the  only  true  carbonate  ore  in  Ten  Mile.  Several 
very  large  veins  of  galena  ore  were  discovered  on  Elk 
mountain  lately,  one  of  which  is  said  to  be  12  fc  thick. 

OREGON. 

Gold  Notes.—  Sentinel,  May  7:  Nine  German  pros- 
pectors have  returned  from  Silver  creek,  where  they 
cached  their  provisions  intending  to  return.  They  Bay 
the  water  is  yet  too  high  for  successful  mining.  John 
Bolt  still  busy  in  Farris  gulch,  with  plenty  of  water  and 
better  prospects  for  a  larger  clean-up  than  last  year.  J. 
T.  Layton  is  running  bis  pipe  continuouslv  in  the  same 
gulch.  Mr.  Frank  Ennis,  who  has  just  returned  from  the 
English  company's  claim  on  Galice  creek,  states  that  a 
large  amount  of  dirt  has  been  washed,  and  that  there  will 
be  sufficient  water  for  a  month's  piping.  Blue  Gravel  has 
been  well  worked  this  spring,  a  large  amount  of  dirt  hav- 
ing been  moved.  The  gravel  is  looking  very  favorable  for 
good  pay  and  piping  will  probably  be  continued  during 
this  month.  The  claim  of  Logg  &  McDonald,  on  '"Jack- 
ass,"  will  not  be  cleaned  up  this  season,  a  cave  having 
covered  up  all  the  washed  ground  just  when  the  water 
failed,  and  it  was  impossible  to  wash  it  out,  Their  dust 
however,  will  be  perfectly  safe.  Mr.  Dimick,  of  Dry  dig- 
gings, is  now  engaged  in  cleaning  up  after  the  spring  run. 
On  Saturday  he  touk  one  pan  of  dirt  from  the  ground 
sluice  and  panned  out  four  ounces  of  dust.  The  remainder 
of  the  ground  sluice  is  apparently  quite  as  good.  George 
and  Daniel  Green  are  running  two  arastras  steadily  at 
their  ledge  on  Galice  creek.  Their  rock  is  averaging-  330 
p.T  ton,  with  a  large  supply  in  sight.  Water  at  the  Cen- 
tennial is  failing,  but  tne  company  struck  their  best  pay 
just  before  the  supply  began  to  fail.  A  "Little  Giant" 
will  be  put  in  operation  next  winter.  The  Applegate  com- 
pany is  still  pushing  work  on  then  ditch.  The  ditch,  five 
miles  in  length,  will  be  full  of  water  by  the  10th  inst.,  but 
it  will  probably  be  three  weeks  before  piping  can  be  com- 
menced.   

The  recent  rise  in  freights  between  Portland 
and  8an  Francisco  caused  by  the  loss  of  the  Re- 
public,  lowered  the  price  of  wheat  at  Walla 
Walla  from  50  to  46  cents,  j 


Now  for  the  Results. 


The  proposed  new  Constitution  was  adopted 
at  tbe  election  of  May  7th  by  about  10,000 
majority.  The  campaign  for  and  against  the 
instrument  was  full  of  excited  discussion  and 
the  election  was  hotly  contested.  No  recent 
issue  in  public  affairs  has  stirred  the  people  so 
deeply,  and  the  result  in  a  strife,  where  each 
side  was  fully  awake  and  at  work,  cannot  be 
regarded  as  otherwise  than  an  expression  of  the 
unyielding  determination  of  the  people  to  put 
the  new  organic  law  into  effect,  hoping  to  reap 
therefrom  many  advantages.  Thus  we  trust 
the  future  may  prove. 

The  adoption  of  the  new  Constitution  is  one 
step  in  the  course  of  affairs  now  in  progress. 
It  is  not  the  end  of  the  exciting  series  of  events : 
it  is  rather  the  beginning.  J  ust  at  this  moment, 
as  the  popular  mind  and  thought  are  resting 
from  the  excitement  of  the  last  two  months, 
and  before  the  excitements  attendant  upon  the 
fall's  elections  begin,  we  have  a  few  words  of  a 
general  nature  to  express. 

It  is  a  hopeful  sign,  that,  even  though  the 
direst  evils  were  anticipated  by  the  opponents 
of  the  new  Constitution  before  the  election, 
since  the  issue  has  been  settled  the  disposition 
of  all  is  to  accept  the  popular  verdict  aud  take  an 
earnest  hold  to  realize  all  tbe  good  which  the 
situation  can  afford.  The  confidence  in  the 
future  of  the  State  and  the  continued  prosperity 
of  the  people,  is  unshaken  even  among  those 
who  prophesied  greatest  evils.  Both  those  who 
regarded  the  new  instrument  as  the  aegis  of  a 
better  and  truer  industrial  future,  and  those 
who  feared  it  as  a  harbinger  of  evil,  are  now 
striking  hands  in  true  patriotism  and  citizen- 
ship aud  agreeing,  one  with  another,  to  labor 
toward  the  attainment  of  the  greatest  public 
good  which  may  be  found  possible  under  the 
uew  order  of  affairs.  This  is  a  sign  of  a  true 
heart  and  purpose,  although  opinions  of  means 
and  measures  were  at  variance;  and  this  is  the 
surety  of  success  in  all  popular  governments. 

We  have  said  the  adoption  of  the  new  Con- 
stitution is  but  the  beginning  of  the  end.  Much, 
indeed,  depends  upon  the  events  of  the  coming 
months  and  the  manner  in  which  the  people 
address  themselves  to  the  discharge  of  the  new 
duties  which  the  new  order  imputes.  In  the 
tirst  place  there  will  be  needed,  among  all  well- 
minded  citizens,  a  spirit  of  true  conservatism  to 
check  the  too  radical  tendencies  which  are  crop- 
ping out  and  which  plume  themselves  for  flights 
which  the  present  expression  of  the  popular  will 
does  not  warrant.  Another  genius  of  good 
which  should  be  generally  invoked  is  the  spirit 
of  moderation.  Half  the  promising  deeds  in 
this  world  are  ruined  by  overdoing.  As  the 
clash  of  interests,  endeavoring  to  readjust 
themselves  under  the  new  order  of  affairs,  is  in 
progress,  there  will  be  many  occasions  for  the 
exercise  of  the  sublime  principle  of  the  Golden 
.Rule.  There  will  also  be  many  chances  for  the 
vengeful  work  of  spite,  but  he  is  not  a  friend  of 
humanity  nor  of  the  State  who  allows  his  actions 
to  be  prompted  by  narrow,  selfish  aims.  The 
time  demands  the  broadest  charity,  the  deepest, 
truest  philanthropy  from  all  of  us. 

But  there  is  a  special  demand  of  the  time 
upon  which  will  rest  nearly  all  the  good  or  all 
the  evil  of  our  immediate  future.  The  people 
have  declared  the  principles  which  shall  govern 
them;  now  men  must  be  chosen  to  give  these 
principles  application  in  the  form  of  laws,  and 
execution  in  the  acts  of  public  officers.  It  is 
men,  therefore,  which  the  exigency  of  the  time 
demands;  men  of  unimpeachable  integrity,  of 
sound  judgment,  of  correct  views,  of  unyielding 
principle,  of  solid,  practical  sense  and  wisdom. 
If  the  coming  elections  shall  give  us  these,  there 
is  little  doubt  but  that  our  new  life  will  be  a 
better  life,  and  that  the  decisive  step  which  has 
just  been  so  decisively  taken  will  be  a  step  in 
advance — the  entrance  to  an  era  of  general 
prosperity,  better  than  any  prosperity  we  have 
hitherto  enjoyed.  Let  us  then  urge  upon  all 
our  readers  this  great  need  of  the  time,  and  be- 
seech them  to  relax  no  exertion  which  promises 
to  secure  to  the  State  the  faithful  servants 
which  her  exigencies  require.  We  cannot  follow 
our  friends  into  the  several  organizations  which 
they  will  form  to  express  their  views  by  the  aid 
of  party  machinery  and  methods,  but,  now, 
standing  upon  the  verge  of  the  contest  we  can 
well  exhort  all  to  make  their  standards  of 
requirements  in  the  men  they  Bhall  nominate 
for  office,  very  high  and  exacting.  Let  no 
man's  aspirations  mislead  anyone,  rather  seek 
out  those  who  are  well  fitted  to  discharge  the. 
high  and  important  duty  which  just  now 
presses. 

If  this  safeguard  be  assured,  the  future  will 
be  safe.  Just  as  any  system  of  government 
may  be  made  oppressive  by  placing  the  power 
in  the  hands  of  designing  and  unscrupulous 
men,  so  may  the  new  regime  in  this  State  be 
made  oppressive  by  the  same  agencies  if  they 
be  permitted  to  succeed.  As  the  issue  which 
culminated  May  7th  awakened  the  keenest 
interest  and  secured  independent  action  on  the 
part  of  the  great  industrial  masses  of  the  State, 
so  let  the  coming  events  receive  their  fullest 
watchfulness  and  most  patriotic  effort.  Take 
nothing  for  granted.  "Prove  all  things;  hold 
fast  that  which  is  good,  "  is  the  principle  which 
should  prevail  in  the  choice  of  men  for  the 
people's  representatives.     It  would  be  time  well 


spent  if  the  chief  thought  of  the  people  during 
the  next  three  months  should  be  centered  on 
this  great  need  of  the  State.  Let  our  disposi- 
tion be  that  which  Cicero  described  as  char- 
acteristic of  the  best  days  of  the  Roman  repub- 
lic, in  that  it  was  the  unceasing  care  of  the  citi- 
zens that  the  State  should  receive  no  detriment. 


News  In  Brief. 

India  is  recovering  from  the  cholera. 

The  jury  in  the  Duncan  case  disagreed. 

Reno  is  to  have  a  large  woolen  manufactory. 

The  Chinese  are  being  whipped  in  Kashgar. 

Virginia  City  had  a  snowBtorm  on  the  11th. 

The  price  of  wheat  is   still  rising  in  Spain. 

Kentucky  desires  the  return  of  the  whipping 
post. 

The  grasshoppers  have  invaded  "Washoe 
county. 

Sheep-shearing  is  in  progress  in  southern 
Oregon. 

Water  has  already  failed  iu  many  Oregon 
claims. 

Thieves  have  stolen  a  saw-mill  in  .Fulton 
county,  Pa. 

Yakoob  Khan  has  accepted  all  tbe  British 
proposals. 

A  German  gunboat  also  is  to  be  stationed  in 
Chilean  waters. 

The  President  has  vetoed  the  Military  Inter- 
ference bill. 

The  honey  crop  of  southern  California  will  be 
small  this  year. 

Timber  is  suffering  from  forest  fires  around 
Scranton,    Penn. 

Cheyenne  sentences  convicted  tramps  to  six 
months  at  hard  labor. 

From  9,000  to  10,000  gallons  of  brandy  are  in 
store  at  St.  Helena. 

A  Chinese  legation  is  to  be  permanently  es- 
tablished at  Madrid. 

San  Luis  Obispo  has  a  potato  weighing  over 
eight  pounds  and  a  quarter. 

A  severe  frost  has  injured  the  tender  vegeta- 
tion in  Santa  Clara  valley. 

Near  Parma,  Italy,  15  farmhouses  have  been 
destroyed  by  a  land  slide.  • 

The  threatened  white  raid  on  Indian  Terri- 
tory has  nearly  come  to  an  end. 

Last  year,  51,592  Ohioans  were  married  and 
1,997  divorces  were  granted. 

The  lumber  business  in  Mendocino  county 
looks  somewhat  discouraging. 

Mohammedans  are  plundering  the  shops  in 
Adrianople  on  account  of  hunger. 

The  proposed  Woodruff  Scientific  expedition 
has  collapsed  for  want  of  funds. 

Indian  Agent  Milroy  has  granted  two  di- 
vorces on  the  Puyallup  reservation. 

Swimming  is  a  requirement  with  all  candi- 
dates lor  the  English  naval  service. 

The  rigor  of  the  last  winter  has  largely  in- 
creased the  number  of  beggers  in  Paris. 

Frosts  have  destroyed  the  prospects  of  a  good 
fruit  crop  in  Honey  Lake  valley,  Nev. 

The  late  rains  have  made  good  feed  in  the 
foothills  on  White  river,  Tulare  county. 

Wooden  water  pipe  manufactured  on  Puget 
sound  is  constantly  shipped  to  California. 

The  British  War  office  calls  for  1,200  volun- 
teers from  the  regular  army,  for  the  Cape. 

Fishermen  on  the  Sacramento  report  the  run 
of  salmon  much  better  this  year  than  last. 

The  volunteer  hay  crop  on  the  river  lands  in 
Napa  county  averages  five  tons  to  the  acre. 

The  bees  in  the  burnt  district  of  the  Cahuenga 
mountains  are  dying  off  very  fast  with  dysentery. 

San  Jose  Chinamen  have  built  an  impregna- 
ble gambling  house,  and  now  defy  conviction 
under  the  law. 

The  wool  market  in  northern  California  is 
becoming  more  active.  Average  shipment  last 
week  141,200  pounds. 

The  Pacific  Coast  in  the  Spanish  Lan- 
guage.— We  have  received  a  copy  of  La  Revi&ta 
del  Comercio,  Precios-Corrientes  y  Cicerone  de 
California  y  Los  Estados  y  Territorios  Ad- 
yacentes.  It  is  a  San  Francisco  publication  by 
Messrs.  Casanova,  Fairbanks  &  Co.,  and  is  a 
handsome  monthly  in  pamphlet  form  giving  in- 
formation as  its  name  implies,  and  is  for  circula- 
tion in  the  Spanish  States  of  America.  The 
journal  will  endeavor  to  turn  the  trade  of  the 
southern  countries  in  our  direction,  a  result 
which  would  be  of  great  advantage  to  our  pro- 
ductive and  mercantile  interests. 


Back  Numbers  Wanted. 

The  following  volumes  and  single   copies  of 
the  Mining  and  Scientific  Press  are  wanted 
at  this  office,   for  which   a  reasonable  price  is 
offered: 
Year.  Volume. 

1870       20        2  Complete  volumes,  1st  half  (of  year). 
1870        20        2  Copies  of  No.  2,  Jan.  let. 
1870       20       1  Copy  each  of  No.  1,  Jan  lBt,  3  of  Jan. 
14th,  7  Feb.  11th,  6  Feb.  4th. 

1870  21        1  Copy  of  No.  7,  August  13th. 

1871  22        5  Copies  of  No.  1,  Jan.  7th. 

1571  22        S  Copies  of  No.  5,  Feb.  4th. 

1871        22        1  Copy  of  No  3,  Jan.   21st,  6  of  Feb.    2d, 
and  1  of  May  lat. 

1871  23        1  Copy  of  No.  2,  July  15th,  and  9  Sept.  2d. 

1872  24        2  Copies  of  No.  4.  Jan.  27th. 

1572  24       3  Copiea  of  No.  7,  Feb.  17th. 

1872  24        3  Copiea  of  No.  17,  April  27th. 

1472  25  2  Complete  volume3,  last  half  (of  year). 

1873  26  4  Copiea  of  No.  8,  Feb    22d\ 
1873  26  3  Copiea  of  No.  9,  March  1st. 
1873  20  4  Copies  of  No.  10,  March  8th. 
1873  26  2  Copies  of  No.  7.  Feb.  15th. 
1873  26  1  Copy  of  No.  6,  Feb.  8th. 
1873  27  4  Copiea  of  No.  20,  Nov.  15th. 
1873  27  5  Copies  of  No.  21,  Nov.  22d. 
1873  27  4  Copies  of  Wo.  24,  Dec.  13th. 
1875  30  2  Copiea  of  No.  4,  Jan.  23rd. 
1875  30  2  Copies  of  No.  6.  Jan.  30th. 
1875  30  1  Copy  of  No.  6,  Feb.  6th. 
1875  SO  2  Copies  of  No.  8,  Feb.  20th, 


f. 


A  TENTS  AND  INVENTIONS. 


List  of  U.  S.  Patents  Issued  to  Pacific 
Coast  Inventors. 

[From  Official  Reports  to  DEWEY  &  CO.'S  Mining  anii 
Soibntifio  Press  Patent  Agency.] 

By  Special  Dispatch  from  Washington.  D.  O. 

For  the  Week  Ending  Mat  6th,  1879, 

Stamp  Battkry  for  Quartz  Mills-R.  F.  Bidwell,  S.  F- 

Manufacturing  of  Boots  and  Shoes— Jos.  Hobarti 
Nordhoff,  Cal. 

Stamp  Mill— C.  S.  Stanchfield,  Oakland,  Cal. 

Car  Brake— Nathan  Webb,  Sacramento,  Cal. 

Derrick  S>take— R.  P.  Williams,  Alameda,  Cal. 

Convertible  Chair— Frederick  Jansen,  Seattle  Wash- 
ington Territory. 

Nora— Copies  of  U.  S.  and  Foreign  Patents  furnished 
by  Dewey  &  Co.,  in  the  shortest  time  possible  (by  tel- 
graph  or  otherwise)  at  the  lowest  rates.  All  patent  buflt- 
nees  for  Pacific  coast  inventors  transacted  with  perfect 
security  and  in  the  shortest  possible  time. 


Bedlam  Broke  Loose. — Troubles  multiply  in 
Leadville.  First,  they  had  the  winter  with  its 
frosts  and  snows,  its  overcrowding,  starvation 
and  deadly  maladies.  Then  faults  in  the  mines 
came  to  the  Burface — deposits  too  superficial  and 
the  ores  of  too  low  grade,  lead  out  of  all  pro* 
portion  to  the  gold  and  silver.  And  now  an- 
arohy  prevails  in  the  unfortunate  camp.  The 
adventurers,  drawn  thither  through  false  and 
exaggerated  reports,  are  wroth  at  the  decep- 
tion ;  and  now,  to  get  even  with  the  crafty 
speculators  who  have  beguiled  them  to  ruin,  are 
seizing  upon  the  mines  indiscriminately  and 
holding  them  at  the  point  of  the  six-shooter. 
Contention  is  the  order  of  the  day  ;  lawsuits 
multiply  and  everything  is  involved  in  confu- 
sion and  doubt.  The  outcome  of  this  uproar 
and  strife  no  one  can  forecast.  Meantime, 
many  are  leaving  disgusted  with  the  place  and 
its  prospects,  which  can  certainly  be  considered 
none  of  the  brightest.  It  is  a  bad  plan,  this  of 
overdoing  things  at  the  start.  These  Lead- 
villains  might  have  learned  as  much  and  avoided 
these  troubles  had  they  studied  carefully  the 
history  of  mining  on  this  coast  and  paid  atten- 
tion to  its  teachings. 

Rust  has  made  its  appearance  in  Brown's 
valley,  Napa  county,  and  if  the  present  weather 
continues,  will  affect  the  grain  in  Napa  and 
Berry  essa. 

A  wealthy  San  Francisco  dentist  has  given 
$60,000  toward  founding  a  college  of  Dental 
Surgery  in  connection  with  the  University. 


New  Incorporations. 

The  following  companies  have  filed  certificates  of  incor- 
poration in  the  County  Clerk's  office  at  San  Franciaco: 

Gohdon  Creek  M.  Co.— Object:  To  operate  in  the  county 
of  Bel  Norte.  Capital,  810,000,000.  Directors— J.  D. 
Gray,  J.  W.  Musser,  Spencer  C.  Brown,  F.  D.  Brandow,  J. 
W.  Winslow. 

Vortex  M.  Co.— Capital,  $6,000,000.  Directors— Charles 
W.  Fox,  Alex.  B.  Brown,  William  H.  Sears,  George  W. 
Fisher,  G.  A  Miller. 

Foolk  G.  &  S.  M.  Co.— Object:  To  operate  in  Lake  min- 
ing district,  Mono  county.  Capital,  §5,000,000.  Directors— 
George  W.  Grayson,  C.  X.  Hobba,  A.  H.  Rutherford, 
Thomas  Bell,  C.  A.  Burgess. 

Chrysolite  M.  Co.— Object:  To  operate  in  Mono  county. 
Capital,  86,600,000.  Directors— Robert  F.  Foley,  Simon 
Reinhart,  Henry  Rosener,  George  R.  Wella,  Robert  F. 
Morrow. 

Solano  Roman  Cement  Co.— Object:  To  manufacture, 
ship  and  sell  cement.  Capital,  860,000.  Directors— J.  K. 
Prior,  J.  G.  Johnsou,  John  Cochran,  John  G.  Ayers  and 
Horatio  McPherson. 

Hermit  G.  &  S.  M.  Co.— Object:  To  operate  in  Sierra 
county.  Capilal,  $6,000,000.  Trustees— Herman  E.  Gif- 
fen,  Johu  Tonkin,  F.  M.  Biker,  Fred.  t>chumacher, 
Nathaniel  T.  Messen,  John  T.  Bacon  and  T.  C.  Boyd. 

Knigut  of  Malta  Q.  M.  Co.— Object:  To  operate  in  Ne- 
vada county.  Capital,  85,000,000.  Directors— B.  B.  Lee, 
A.  B.  Dibble,  C.  W.  Smith,  Samuel  Granger  and  Samuel 
Moore, 

Jcbtice  Con.  G.  M.  Co.— Object:  To  operate  in  Lawrence 
county,  Dakota  Territory.  Capital,  810,000,000.  Direct- 
ors—R.  N.  Graves,  A.  .Borland,  A.  Hemme,  George  D. 
Haven  and  Homer  S.  King, 

Golden  Gate  M.  Co.— Object:  To  operate  in  Lawrence 
county,  Dakota  Territory.  Capital,  810,000,000.  Direct- 
ors-R.  N.  GraveB,  A.  Borland,  A  Hemme,  George  D. 
Haven  and  Homer  S.  King. 

Nelson  G.  &  S.  M.  Co.— Object:  To  mine  in  Plumas 
county.  Cupital,  810,000,000.  Directors— Archie  Bor- 
land, A.  Hemme,  R.  N.  Graves,  T.  B.  Kent  and  H.  F. 
Morken. 


How  to  Stop  this  Paper. — It  is  not  a  herculean  task  to 
stop  this  paper.  Notify  the  publishers  by  letter.  If  It 
cornea  beyond  the  time  desired  you  can  depend  upon  it  we 
do  not  know  that  the  subscriber  wants  it  stopped.  So 
be  sure  and  send  us  notice  by  letter. 


Fresh  attractions  are  constantly  added  to  Wood- 
ward's Gardens,  among-  which  is  Prof.  Gruber's  great 
educator,  the  Zoographicon.  Each  department  increases 
daily,  and  the  Pavilion  performances  are  more  popular 
than  ever.  All  now  novelties  find  a  place  at  this  wonder- 
ful resort.     Prices  remain  as  usual. 


Examine  the  accelerative  endowment  plan,  as  originated 
by  the  Mutual  Benefit  Life  Insurance  Co. ,  of  Newark, 
New  Jersey.  Assets,  830,533,429.94.  Lewis  C.  Grover, 
President;  L.  Spencer  Coble,  Vice-President;  Benjamin  C. 
Miller,  Treasurer;  Edward  A,  Strong,  Secretary;  Bloom- 
field  J.  Miller,  Actuary.  Send  for  circulars  to  James 
Munsell,  Jr.,  agent  of  insured,  215  Sansome  St.,  San 
Franciaco. 

A  Clerk  who  haa  had  good  experience  in  the  dry  goods 
and  grocery  business,  wiahea  a  situation.  Will  give  sub- 
stantial and  satisfactory  reference  and  accept  a  moderate 
salaryand  "work  up."    Address  "Clerk,"  at  this  office. 


Experimental  Machinery,  drawings,  patterns,  models, 
all  kinds  of  electrical  and  telegraphic  apparatus  to  order. 
See  ad.     F.  W.  Fuller,  415  Market  St. ,  second  floor,  S.  F. 

Chew  Jachsoa's  Best  Sweet  Navy  Tobacco 


May  17,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


325 


METALS. 

[WHOLESALE. 

WKDMKftDAr  M..  May  M,  1879. 
iBOIt.— 

Amerioan  Pl»,  toft,  ton 23  00  (*26  00 

Scotch  Pi*,  ton 35  50  u>-J6  W) 

A""T^"  Whito  Pi*,  too 23  00  c 

Orocon  P'«.  ton 36  50  U 

ReOnad  Bar Sl<d|       31 

Hon«ShoM,rof 5  00  ft 

Nail  Rod -«       7 

Norway,  tooordtng  to  thlakneu $|Q        7 

Oopp»».— 

ShMthin*.  * 34  &     35 

Sheathing.  Yrllow 13  ,.>      2W 

Sheathing,  Old  Yellow —  £_ 

Bmt- 

EngHih  Cut,  lb \t.  „r      17 

Black  Diamond,  ordinary  tin* 16  (ft 

Drill 1*  M      17 

rut  Bar 16  t*      19 

Plow  Steel 8  @ 

Tin  Platm.— 

10x14  I  C  Charcoal 8K3       9 

10x14  I  CCoke 7  "f       7\ 

BancaTin 18  ttft—  20 

Australian lb\<3      17 

ZlHC  — 

BrthoCaak 9  <$ 

Zinc,  Shoot  7x3  ft.  7  to  10,  lb,  loen  than  oask. .  8|<g—  10 

Bawl— 

Aaaorted  sizes 2  90<*3  00 


Gold,    Legal    Tenders,    Exchange,    Etc. 

[Corrected  Weekly  by  Sdtro  A  Co.) 

Sam  Francisco,  May  14.  3  P.  H. 

Silver   l@fi0. 

Gold  Bars.  B90\i*010.  Silver  Bars,  8@19  V  oent  die 
sount. 

Excoanoe  on  Now  York,  20,  on  London  bankura,  49^* 
49i-  Commercial,  50;  Paris,  tire  franca  V  dollar:  M«xicau 
dollars,  88@89. 

London  Consols,  98  11-16;  Bonds,  104  j. 

Quiokbilvxr  lo  S.  V,.  by  the  flask  *  1  ih.  40@-4Io. 


Signal  Service  Meteorological  Report 


Ban  Framcwco.— Week  ending  May  13, 1879. 


niOIIKHT   AND  LOWEST   BAROMETER. 

Msy  7     May8  1  May  0      May  10    May  11   May  12    May  13 


30.280    30.135    30.107 
30,140    30.113|  30.140 


30.231     30.202    30.123 
30.172    30.206    20.955 

MAXIMUM  AND  MINIMUM  THERMOMETER. 


67.7  I 

45 


48 


57       j 
47.3  I 


69.7  I 
47.6  I 


85.5  I 
51 


30.041 
29.923 


60 
61 


I      w 


MEAN   DAILT   HUMIDITY. 
51      1      61.7  I      67.3  I      64.3  |      76.3  | 
PR1YAILINO  WIND. 
NW    I       W     I      W      I      W      1       W 

Wis D — HILE8  TRAVELED. 
289     I    250     I    338      I     218     I     387 
STATE  OP  WEATHER. 

Clear.    I  Clear.  |   Fair.   |  Clear.  |    Fair.    |    Fc 

RAIBPALL  IH  TWBNTT-POOTl  BOOHS. 
I    ..  !  .     I      -   -     I 


9.3  I 


78 

W 

I     242      I    287 

!    Fair.    |  Fair. 


Total  rain  daring  the  season,  from  July  1,  1878,  22.09  io. 


^B?  *  Co-© 
Scientific  Press 


Jtfipipg  and  Other  Copipapfe. 


Persona  Interested  In  incorporated  shares 
will  do  well  to  recommend  the  publication 
of  the  official  notices  of  their  companies 
In  this  paper,  as  the  cheapest  appropriate 
medium  for  the  same. 


Rocky  Point  Mining  Company.— Location 

of  principal  place  of  business,  San  Francises,  OmllfORua 
Location  of  works.  Placer  count)  Oalttornui 
Notice  is  hereby  given  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Boa-d  of 
Directors,  held  on  the  17th  day  of  Apt  11,  la/9,  an  a 
(No.  1)  of  ten  110)  cents  per  sbsie  was  levied  upon  the  capital 
stock  of  the  corporation,  Myable  Immediately  in  I  s  nold 
c<iin  to  thu  .Secretary,  at  the  1 'incw  of  thu  Company,  No.  314 
Bush  strw-t,  San  PimaotBco.  California. 

Any  stock  upon  which  tills  assemnueiit  shall  remain  unpaid 
on  the  29th  day  of  May.  187ft  will  be  doUoQUfltit,  and  adver- 
tised for  sale  at  auction;  and  unless  payment  is  made  before, 
will  be  Bold  on  Ifoadtr,  ihS  Utfa  day  of  June,  lb7B,  I  1  pu 
the  -liliimm-nl  Mill  Minimi  ill,  together  with  cost  of  advertising 
and  expenses  of  sale.  By  order  of  the  Board  of  Director* 
T,  L.  BI1JB1NS,  Secretary. 
Office,  314  Bush  Street.  Ran  Frindsoo  0*1 


Mount  Jefferson  Milling  and  Mining  Com- 
pany —  Locution  of  principal   place  of    business,    San 
Francisco,  California.      Location  nf  works,  Garrote  Min- 
ing District.  Tuolumne  county,  California 
NOTICE. —There  is  delinquent  upon  the  following;  de- 
scribed stocK,  on  account  01  assessment  (No.  0)  levied  on 
the  21st  day  of  Murch.  A.  D.,  1879,   the  several   emountfl 
set  opposite  the  names  of  the  respective  shareholders,  as 
follows: 
Names.  No.  Certificate.    No.  Shares.  Amt. 

Condee,  G  M,  Trustee 32 

Condee,  O  M,  Trustee  for  the 

Mount  Jefferson  M  Si  M  Co. .     44 
Condee,  G  M,  Trustee  for  the 

Mount  Jefferson  M  Sz  M  '  o. .     43 
Condee,  G  M,  Trustee  for  tho 

Mount  Jefferson  M  A:  M  Co..     49 
Condee,  G  M,  Trustee  for  the 

Mount  Jefferson  M  &.  M  Co. .     50 
Condee.  G  M,  Trustee  for  the 

Mount  Jefferson  M  ii  M  Co..     61 
Condee,  G  M,  Trustee  for  tho 

Mount  Jefferson  M  ti  M  Co. .     54 
Condee,  G  M,  Trustee  for  tho 

Mount  Jefferson  M  &  M  Co. .     55 
Condee,  G  M,  Trustco  for  the 
Mount  Jefferson  M  &  M  Co . .     68 

Fassett,  N  C. 21 

Fassett,  N  C 20 

Fassott,  NO 22 

Fassett,  N  C,  Trustee 7 

F-.issett,  N  C,  Trustee 8 

Smith,  O,  Trustee 40 

Smith,  O,  Trustee 41 

Smith,  O,  Trustee  42 

And  in  accordance  with  law.  and  an  order  of  the  Board 
of  Directors  made  on  the  21st  day  of  March,  1879,  so  many 
shares  of  each  parcel  of  such  stock  as  may  be  necessary, 
will  be  sold  at  public  auction,  at  the  office  of  the  Com- 
pany, on  Tuesday,  the  27th  day  of  May,  1879,  at  the 
hour  of  threo  o'clock  p.  m.  of  said  day,  to  pay  said  delin- 
quent assessment  thereon,  together  with  costs  of  adver- 
tising' and  expenses  of  the  sale. 

B.  N.  VAN  BRUNT.  Secretary, 
Office,  318  Pine  street,  Room  6,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


•:■ 


800 

2000 

2000 

2000 

2000 

1000 

1000 

11080 
600 

1000 
500 
500 
500 

1000 
500 
500 


150  00 


40  00 
100  00 


100  00 
100  00 


100  00 

50  00 

60  00 

554  00 
25  00 
50  00 
25  0U 
25  00 
25  00 
60  00 
25  00 
25  00 


BUY  LAND 


Where  yoa  can  get  a  crop  every  year; 
where  you  will  make  something  every 
season;  where  you  are  sure  of  having  a  crop 
when  prices  are  high;  where  you  have  a 
healthy  place  to  live;  where  you  can  raise 
semi-tropical  as  well  as  other  fruits;  where 
you  can  raise  a  diversity  of  grain  and  vege- 
tables and  get  a  good  price  for  them.  Go 
and  see  the  old  Heading  Grant  (in  the 
upper  Sacramento  Valley),  and  you  will 
find  such  land  for  sale  in  sub-divisions  to 
suit  purchasers — at  reasonable  rates  and 
on  easy  terms.  Send  stamp  for  map  and 
circular  to  Edward  Frtsbie,  proprietor, 
(on  the  Grant),  Anderson,  Shasta  Co.,  Cal. 


PATENTS  obtained  promptly;  Caveats  filed  expeditiously 
Patent  re-issues  taken  out;  Assignments  made  and  re 
corded  in  legal  form;  Copies  of  Patents  and  Assignments 
procured;  Examinations  of  Patents  made  here  and  at 
Washington;  Examinations  made  of  Assignments  re- 
corded in  Washington;  Examinations  ordered  and  re- 
ported by  Telegraph;  Rejected  cases  taken  up  and  Pat- 
ents obtained;  Interferences  Prosecuted;  Opinions  ren- 
dered regarding  the  validity  of  Patents  and  Assign- 
ments; Every  legitimate  branch  of  Patent  Soliciting 
Business  promptly  and  thoroughly  conducted. 

Our  intimate  knowledge  of  the  various  inventions  of  this 
coast,  and  long  practice  in  patent  business,  enable  us  to 
abundantly  Batisfy  our  patrons,  and  our  success  and 
business  axe  constantly  increasing. 

The  ablest  and  most  experienced  inventors  are  found 
among  our  most  steadfast  friends  and  patrons,  who  fully 
appreciate  our  advantages  in  bringing  valuable  inven- 
tions to  the  notice  of  the  public  through  the  columns  of 
our  widely  circulated,  first-class  journals— thereby  facil- 
itating their  introduction,  sale  and  popularity. 

DEWEY  &  CO.,  Patent  Agents, 
Office— 202  Sansome  St.,  N.  E  Cor.  Pine,  S.  F. 


W.  B.  BWBR. 


«.  H.  STRONG. 


GOLD  AND  SILVER 

Grinding  and  Amalgamating 
MACHINERY. 

Stamp  Mill  ■.  Rod  Brt  tj ..  r     1  ruanlai  B 

.  u-aton  for  Gold  and  Bilrar  On 
di/.ing  Furnaces.  Rstorm,  Rook  Drills.  Air  Domnnaaora,  Btoel 

Shoos  and  Dies  fur  Slumps,  ami   every   description   of   Mine 
and  Mill  Supplies. 


Books  for  Miners  and   Millmen. 

Kustei/s  Roasting  of  Gold  and  Silver  Ores,  and 
the  extraction  of  their  respective  metals  without  quicksilver. 
Illustrated.  142  pages.  1870.  A  valuable  and  carefully 
written  work.  Postpaid,  §2.50.  Published  and  sold  by 
Dewey  &  Co.,  S.  F, 

Kustel's  Concentration  of  Ores  (of  all  kinds),  inclu 
ding  the  Chlorination  Process  for  gold-bearing  sulpburets- 
ardeniurets,  and  gold  and  silver  ores  generally,  with  120  litho 
graphic  diagrams.  1867.  This  work  iu  uneqnaled  by  any 
other  published  embracing  tho  subjects  treated.  Post-paid, 
§7.50.    Printed  aud  sold  by  Dewey  &  Co.,  S.  F. 

Phillii's'  Explorers,  Miners  and  Metallurgists 
Companion,  comprising  a  practical  exposition  of  the  various 
departments  of  exploration,  mining,  engineering,  assaying 
and  metallurgy.  e'82  pages  and  83  illustrations.  A  most 
valuable  and  comprehensive  book  of  reference  to  prospectorB 
and  practical  miners.  Po3t-paid,  §10.50.  Published  and 
sold  by  Dewey  &  Co.,  S.  F. 

A'RON'sT'STiNG  and  Working  Silver  Ores.— Illus- 
trated. 11 '  pages.  1876.  A  useful  and  practical  work,  free 
from  technicalities  and  extremely  serviceable  for  miners'  use. 
Post-paid,  32.    Published  and  sold  by  Dewey  &  Co.,  S.  F. 

Copp's  Handbook  of  Mining  Laws.— Containing  the 
TJ  H.  Mining  Laws,  Digest  of  Decisions,  Forms,  etc.  1877. 
Pocket  size  and  very  handy  and  convenient  for  miners. 
Post-paid,  SI.    Sold  by  Dewey  &  Co.,  S.  F. 


SPEREY'S 
Wrought-lron    Frame 

FOR    STAMP    MILLS. 

Groat  saving  in  time  and  money  over  the  wood  frame.  Is 
made  complete  with  wiought-iron  frame  ready  to  put  upon 
the  foundation,  requiring  no  skilled  millwright.  These-  mills 
are  unsurpassed  iu  excellence  in  every  pa-  ticular 

We  are  furnishing  all  the  Machinery  for  a  10-Stamp  Gold 
Mill,  including  Crucible,  Steel  Shoes,  and  Dies,  Boiler  and 
Engine,  Counter  Shafting.  Pulley*,  etc..  Stamps  weighing 
f50!bs.  each,  with  Copper  Plate  inside  of  the  Mortars,  ana 
for  tobleB  outside,  making  all  the  Machinery  complete  for  a 
10-Stamp  Mill  for  the  sum  of 

^2.250. 

We  construct  Mills  with  Stamps  weighing  from  350  to  900 
lbs.  for  gold  r  Silver  O'ea.  Wet  or  dry  Crushing  Mortars. 
Will  contract  to  erect  complete  Gold  aud  Silver  MillB  on  the 
most  improved  plans  We  have  30  years'  experience  in  min- 
ing and  milling  Gold  and  Silver  Ores,  and  can  compete  with 
the  world.    Send  for  a  circular.    Address 

M0REY  &  SPERRT, 


No.  145  Broadway, 


NEW  YORK. 


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N.    "W.    SPATJLiDING'S 


The  Large  Circulation  of  the  Min- 
ing  and  Scientific  Press  extends  through- 
out the  mining  districts  of  California,  Nevada, 
Utah,  Colorado,  Arizona,  Idaho,  Montana- 
British  Columbia,  and  to  other  parts  of  North 
and  South  America.  Established  in  1860,  it 
has  long  been  the  leading  Mining  Journal  of 
the  continent,  its  varied  and  reliable  contents 
giving  it  a  character  popular  with  both  its 
reading  and  advertising  patrons. 


^■"""H.  ' 


% 


/Ipiusepiepts. 


CALIFORNIA  THEATER. 

l'.Aimis  A  La  uxor .vliitmgfr. 

Uarto.v  Him. Aoling  M«n»ger. 

MISS   FANNY    DAVENPORT. 

3uah  Street,  above  Kearny.  Oj>cu  every  evening.  Box 
office  open  from  9  a.  m.  to  10  r.  h.  Seats  may  bo  secured 
six  daya  in  ulvonoe. 

BUSH    STREET   THEATER^ 

Chas.  E.  Lockk Lessee  and  Mnnagor 

B.    MACAU  LEY. 

Open  every  evening  and  Saturday  Matinee. 

BALDWIN'S  THEATER. 

THOU  \s  MAGULRE Manager. 

F.  Lybtkii Acting  Manager. 

Coaa  11.  Goodwin Treasurer. 

J.  P.  Chai'man Assistant  Treasurer. 

THE    MILLIONAIRE'S    DAUGHTER. 

Comer  Market  and  Powell  Streets.  Open  every 
evening  and  Saturday  matinee.     Box  office  open  daily. 


PATENT    DETACHAbLE    TOOTH    SAWS, 

ManfUactory.  17  &  19  Fremont  St.,  S.  F. 

C.  C.  Bitner's  Apparatus  for  Obtaining  Met- 
allic Copper  from  its  Solutions. 
Patented  March  18th,  1873  Will  precipitate  with  steam  in 
three  hourB,  requiring  no  machinery  to  run  it.  Cost  of  con- 
structing apparatus,  S75.  The  old  cylinder  process  takes 
four  hours  to  precipitate  and  coats  from  tfl,200  io  "Sl.500  to 
construct,  besides  the  machinery  to  run  it.  For  right  to  use 
my  Precipitator  address  O.  O.  BITNEE,  Spenceville,  Ne- 
vada County,  California. 


NOTICE 


TO    THE 


MINING  PUBLIC 


MESSRS.  RANKIN,  BRAYTON  Se  CO.,  of 
the  Pacific  Iron  Works,  are  the  only  parties 
authorized  to  manufacture  HOWELL'S  IM- 
PROVED WHITE  FURNACE  under  the 
License  of  this  Company. 

THE  STETEFELDT  FURNACE  CO., 

By  C.  A.  STETEFELDT,  President. 


Referring  to  the  above,  the  undersigned  would  call  at- 
tention to  the  fact  that  by  a  compromise  recently  effected 
with  the  STfcTEFLXDT  FURNACE  COMPANY,  they 
have  secured  the  use  of  all  the  patents  of  said  Company 
applying  to 

Revolving  Cylinder  Furnaces, 


And  are  thus  enabled  to  give 
all  patent  claimants,  to-wit: 


purchasers  the  license  of 


WHITE,    HOWELL,   THOMPSON, 


■  AND     THE  - 


Stetefeldt  Furnace  Company, 

Thereby  avoiding  all  further  litigation  in  reference  to 
these  rival  claims.     The  great 

SUPERIORITY  OF  THE  FURNACES 

Embracing  these  patents  hag  been  satisfactorily  demon- 
sirated.  There  are  now  some  thirty  of  them  in  operation 
in  the  various  mining  districts  of  the  coast,  operating  in 
all  cases  with  economy  and  satisfaction,  working  in  many 
localities 

THE  BASEST  AND  MOST  REFRACTORY  ORES  UP 
TO  90  AND  95  PER  CENT. 

By  an  improvement — the  patent  for  which  has  recently 
been  allowed— this  Furnace  can  be  readily  adjusted  so  as 
to  work  with  equal  facility  ana  effectiveness  all  classes  of 
ores. 

The  following  are  some  of  the  Mining  Companies  who 
have  recently  adopted  this  Furnace,  tho  most  of  which  are 
now  in  successful  operation,  many  of  them  running  two 
and  some  three  and  four  Furnaces, 

NEVADA.— Grand  Prize,  Star,  Martin  White,  High> 
bridgo,  Columbia,  Alexander,  Paradise  Valley,  Jefferson, 
Leopard,  Eagle,  Endowment,  Independence. 

ARIZONA.— Tiptop,  Tiger,  Peck,  Hackberry,  Corbin, 
Tombstone,  Bradshaw. 

ORKGON— Monumental. 

MONTANA— Alice  Mine,  Butte  City. 

MEXICO— Trinidad,  Harmiguera,  Ploraoaes. 

PERU— Cerro  de  Dasco. 

RANKIN,  BRAYTON  &  CO., 

Pacific    Iron    Works. 


CAUTION.— All  persons  are  hereby  cautioned  against 
buying  from  other  parties  Furnaces  embracing  Ihe 
improvements  covered  by  the  patents  above  mentioned 
as  they  will  be  vigorously  prosecuted  and  involved  in 
heavy  damages. 


BLANK   BOOKS 

—ANT)— 

MEMORANDUMS 

From  the  celebrated  J.  G.  Shaw  Manufacturing  Co. 
Made  from  the  unequalled  Browns  Ledger 
Papbus,  and  unsurpassed  in  Style  of  Binding. 

H.  S.  CROCKER  &  CO. 


5Y//Z/^ff/Mcular 

I )  ~»    flBL  lslMKUtfF0RSAU&  of  Front, 


At  the  Old  Stand,  Msrkot.head  of  Fr 


326 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[May  17,   1879. 


Ifop  and  JAachipe  torte. 


THOS.  PENDERGAST. 


HENBT  S.  SMITH. 


/ETNA    IRON    WORKS, 


MANUFACTURERS  OF 

IRON  CASTINGS 

and      MACHINERY 

OF  ALL  KINDS. 

Fremont  Street,  Bet.  Howard  and  Folsom, 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 


SACRAMENTO  BOILER   WORKS, 

214  &  218  BE  ALE  St. ,  (rear  of  ..Etna  Foundry) 

J.  V.  HALL, 

PRACTICAL    BOILER    MAKER, 

Marine,  Stationary  and  Portable  Boilers,  Smoke  Stacks, 

Hydraulic  Pipe,  Oil  or  Water  Tanks,    Ore  and 

Water  Buckets,  Gasometers,  Girders,  Bridges 

and   Iron   Ship    Building. 

ALL    KINDS    OF   SHEET    IRON    WORK. 

Repairing   promptly   attended   to    at   the 
lowest   possible   terms. 


UNION  IRON  WORKS, 

SACRAMENTO,    CAL. 
ROOT,    NEILSON    &    CO., 

MANUFACTURERS  OF 

STEAM    ENGINES,  BOILERS   AND    ALL 

Kinds  of  Machinery  for  Mining  Purposes. 

Flouring  Mills',  Saw  Mills'  and  Quartz  Mills'  Machinery 

constructed,  fitted  up  and  repaired. 

Front  Street,  Between  N  and  O  Streets, 

SACRAMENTO,     CAL. 


PHELPS 
MANUFACTURING    COMPANY, 

Manufacturers  of  all  kinds  of 

Wharf  and  Bridge  Bolts,   Eailroad  Trestle 

Work,   Car  Frames  and  Bolts,  Machine 

Bolts,"  Set  Screws    and   Tap  Bolts, 

Lag   or    Coach    Screws. 

ALL  STYLES   OF  FANCY  HEAD  BOLTS. 

HOT  AND    COLD    PRESSED    HEXAGONAL    AND 

SQUARE    NUTS,    WASHERS,    BOLT    ENDS, 

TURNEUCKLES,     ETC.,    ETC. 

13, 15  and  17  Drumm  St.,  near  California, 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 


Golden  State  &  Miners  Iron  Works, 

Manufacture  Iron  Castings  and  Machinery 
of  all  Kinds  at  Greatly  Reduced  Bates. 

STEVENSON'S  PATENT 

Mold-Board  AMALGAMATORS, 
Golden  State  Pressure  Blowers. 

First  St.,  between  Howard  &  Folsom,  S.  F. 


Wm.  H.  Birch.  John  Argall. 

California    Machine   Works, 
BIRCH,    ARGALL    &.    CO., 

119  Beale  Street,  San  Francisco. 

flSTGeneral  Mechanical  Engineers  and  Machinists. 
Steam  Engines,  Flour,  Quartz  and  Mining  Machinery. 
Sole  manufacturers  of  Brodie's  Patent  Rock  Crushers  and 
Steel-Faced  Tappits.  Steam,  Hydraulic  and  Sidewalk 
Elevators.    Repairing  promptly  attended  to. 


California    Brass    Foundry, 

No,  125  First  Street,  Opposite  Minna. 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 

All  kinds  of  Brass,  Composition,  Zinc,  and  Babbitt 
Metal  Castings,  Brass  Ship  Work  of  all  kinds,  Spikes, 
sheathing  Nails,  Rudder  Braces,  Hinges,  Ship  and  Steam- 
boat Bells  and  Gongs  of  superior  tone.  All  kinds  of  Cocks 
and  Valves,  Hydraulic  Pipes  and  Nozzles,  and  Hose  Coup- 
lings and  Connections  of  all  sizes  and  patterns,  furnished 
with  dispatch.  «S,PRICES  MODERATE.*^ 

J.  H.  WEED.  V.  KINGWELL. 


STEAM  ENGINES  AND  BOILERS 

81  Of  all  sizes — from  2  to  60-Horse  power.  Also,  Quartz 
of  WHs,  Mining  Pumps,  Hoisting  Machinery,  Shafting,  Iron 
and  Eks,  etc.     For  sale  at  the  lowest  prices  by 

pjr'tou,     J*    HBNDY,  49  and  51  Fremont  Street,  S.  F. 

taniiial  is 


THORNTON  THOMPSON. 


just  beforeTnoMP80N< 

XHy^sSu  THOMPSON    BROTHERS, 

^/prS^EKA    FOUNDRY, 

menced.  Beale  St.,  between  Mission  and  Howard,  S.  F 

rn  -JRKRS  OP  CASTINGS  OF  EVERT  DESCRIPTION. 

and  8an  Fraocu— — -— -  -— — — ^r^ 

public,  lowered 
Walla  from  50  to' 


One  of  the  best  made  in  this  State 
-•  for  sale  cheap  on  easy  terms.  Ad- 
f  Dewey  &  Co.,  S.  F. 


^GEORGE  W.  PRESCOTT. 


IRVING  M.  SCOTT. 


H.  T.  SCOTT. 


Union    | r o n    ffsoRKS 


■  a 


Office,  61  First  St.  |  Cor.  First  &  Mission  Sts,,  S.  F.  |  P.   0.   Box,  2128. 

BUILDERS    OP 

Steam,    Air   and    Hydraulic    Machinery. 

Home  Industry.— AH  Work  Tested  and  Guaranteed. 

Vertical  Engines, 
Horizontal  Engines, 
Automatic  Cut-off  Engines, 
Compound  Condensing  Engines, 
Shafting, 

TRY    OUR    MAKE,  CHEAPEST   AND    BEST    IN    USE. 
Send  for  Late  Circulars.  PRESCOTT,  SCOTT  &  CO, 


Baby  Hoists, 

Stamps, 

Ventilating  Fans, 

Pahs, 

Book  Breakers, 

Settlers, 

Self-Feeders, 

Betorts, 

Pulleys, 

Etc.,  Etc. 

"W^illiam     Hawkins, 

(SUCCESSOR  TO  HAWKINS  &  CANTSELL). 

MACHINE    WORKS, 

210  and  212  Beale  Street,  bet.  Howard  and  Folsom  Sts.,    -    -    San  Francisco. 

Manufacturer    of 

IMPROVED  PORTABLE  HOISTING  ENGINES, 

FOR   MINING   AND    OTHER    PURPOSES. 

Steam  Engines  and  all  Kinds  of  Mill  and  Mining  Machinery. 


Pacific  Rolling  Mill  Co., 

SAN    FRANCISCO,    CAL. 

MANUFACTURERS    OF 

RAILROAD  AND    MERCHANT  IRON, 

ROLLED  BEAMS,  ANGLE,  CHANNEL  AND  T  IRON,  BRIDGE  AND  MACHINE  BOLTS,  LAG  SCREWS,  NUTS 
WASHERS,  ETC.,   STEAMBOAT    SHAFTS,  CRANKS,  PISTONS,   CONNECTING    RODS,  ETC.,  ETC. 

Car  and  Locomotive  Axles  and  Frames,  and  Hammered  Iron  of  Every  Description. 

HIGHEST    PRICE    PAID    FOR    SCRAP    IRON. 

*3"  Orders  Solicited  and  Promptly  Executed.  Office,  No.  16  FIRST  STEEET. 


Fulton    Iron    TV^orks. 

Hinckley,  Spiers  &  Hayes. 

(ESTABLISHED    IN    1855.) 

Works,  Fremont  and  Howard  Sts.  |  San  Francisco,  Cal.  |  Office,  No.  213  Fremont  St. 


MANUFACTURERS    OF 


Marine  Engines  and   Boilers, 

Propeller  Engines  either  High  Pressure  or  Com- 
pound Stem  or  Side  Wheel  Engines. 

Mining  Machinery. 

Hoisting  Engines  and  Works,  Cages,  Ore  Buckets,  Ore 
Cars,  Pumping  Engines  and  Pumps,  Water  Buckets, 
Pump  Columns,  Air  Compressors,  Air  Receivers, 
Air    Pipes. 

Mill  Machinery. 

Batteries  for  Dry  or    Wet  Crushing,    Amalgamating 


Pans,  Settlers,  Furnaces,  Retorts,  Concentrators,  Ore 
Feeders,  Rock  Breakers,  Furnaces  for  Reducing  Ores 
Water  Jackets,  Etc. 


Sugar  Machinery. 


Crushing  Rolls,  Clarifiers,  Vacuum  Pans,  Air  Pumps, 
Concentrators,  Bag  Filters,  Charcoal  Filters,  Blow-up 
Tanks,  Coolers  and  Receiving  Tanks. 


Miscellaneous   Machinery. 


Flour  Mill  Machinery,  Saw  Mill  Engines  and  Boilers, 
Dredging1  Machinery,  Oil  Well  Retorts,  Powder  Mill  Ma- 
chinery, Water  Wheels. 


PnninPC     and     RniloPC  of  all  kinds,  either  for  use  on  Steamboats  and  made  in  accordance  with  the 
CliyillCO    dilU     DUUvi  o  Act  of  Congress  regulating  the  same,  or  for  use  on  land.  Water  Pipe,  Pomp 
or  Air  Column,  Fish  Tanks  for  Salmon  Canneries  of  every  description. 
Boiler  repairs  promptlr  attended  to  and  at  very  moderate  rates. 


PACIFIC    IRON    WORKS, 

First  and  Fremont  Streets,  between  Mission  and  Howard,  San  Francisco,  Cal., 
RANKIN,    BRAYTON    &    CO., 

Manufacturers    of 

ENGINES,  BOILERS,  MARINE   AND   STATIONARY.      PUMPING,   HOISTING,  AND   MINING   MACHINERY 

INCLUDING  BATTERIES,  AMALGAMATING  PANS  AND  SETTLERS,  CONCENTRATORS,  ORE  FEEDERS, 

CRUSHING  ROLLS  AND  ROCK  BREAKERT.    ALSO,  WATER  JACKET  SMELTING  FURNACES, 

FOR  REDUCING  LEAD,  SILVER    AND    COPPER    ORES,  QUICKSILVER    FURNACES, 

RETORTS  AND  CONDENSERS,  ROASTING  AND  CHLORIDIZLNG  FURNACES, 

SUGAR   MILL   MACHINES  i,  WATER   WHEELS,  Etc.,  ALL   OF   THE 

LATEST  AND  MOST  IMPROVED  CONSTRUCTION. 

Agents  for  the  Allen  Engine  Governor,  Bailey  Air  Compressor,  Howell's 
Improved  White  Furnaces,  "Walker's  Compound  Steam  Pumps,  Etc. 


"Western  Iron  T^7"o2t3x.s, 

316     and     318     Mission     Street,     San     Francisco, 

PERRY  EDWARDS,  Prop'r. 

Manufacturer  of  Wrought  Iron  Girders,  Trusses,   Prison   Cells,  Iron  Roofs,  Crest 
Railings,  Finials,  Fences,  Weathervanes,  Gratings,  Iron  Work  for  Models,  Etc. 

Nickel  Plated  Railings.        Bank  and  Store  Fittings.       Estimates  given  and  Iron  Work  furnished  for  Buildings. 


Dewey  &  Co.  {auJSUt} Patent  Ag'ts.  I     Engraving  done  at  this  office, 


f  Corner  Beale  and  Howard  Sts., 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 

W.  H.  TAYLOR,  Pres't.  JOSEPH  MOORE,  Sup't. 

Builders  of  Steam  Machinery 

In  all  its  Branches, 

Steamboat,  Steamship,  Land 

Engines  and  Boilers, 

HIGH  PRESSURE  OR  COMPOUND. 

STEAM  VESSELS,  of  all  kinds,  built  complete  with 
Hulls  of  Wood,  Iron  or  Composite, 

ORDINARY  ENGINES  compounded  when  ad- 
visable. 

STEAM  LAD  NGHES,  Barges  and  Steam  Tugs  con- 
structed with  reference  to  the  Trade  in  which  they  are 
to  be  employed.  Speed,  tonnage  and  draft  of  water 
guaranteed. 

STEAM  BOILERS.  Particular  attention  given  to 
the  quality  of  the  material  and  workmanship,  and  none 
but  first-class  work  produced. 

SUGAR  MILLS  AND  SUGAR-MAKING 
MACHINERY  made  after  the  most  approved  plans. 
Also,  all  Boiler  Iron  Work  connected  therewith. 

"WATER  PIPE,  of  Boiler  or  Sheet  Iron,  of  any  size 
made  in  suitable  lengths  for  connecting  together, 
sheets  rolled,  punched,  and  packed  for  shipment  ready 
to  be  riveted  on  the  ground. 

HYDRAULIC  RIVETING.  Boiler  Work  and 
Water  Pipe  made  by  this  establishment,  riveted  by 
Hydraulic  Riveting  Machinery,  that  quality  of  work 
being  far  superior  to  hand  work. 

SHIP  WORK.  Ship  and  Steam  Capstains,  Steam 
Winches,  Air  and  Circulating  Pumps,  made  after  the 
most  approved  plans. 

PUMPS.  Direct  Acting  Pumps,  for  Irrigation  or  City 
Water  Works  purposes,  built  with  the  celebrated  Davy 
Valve  Motion,  superior  to  any  other  Pump. 


—  AT  THB  — 

Electric  Model  &  Machine  Works 

Inventors  and   others  can  (ret  First-Class 
Work  at  Moderate  Prices. 

After  10  years  experience  with  inventions  and  other 
mechanical  work,  I  am  fully  prepared  to  execute  draw- 
ings, working-models  and  fine  machinery  of  any  descrip- 
tion to  entire  satisfaction. 

Brass  Finishing,  Pattern  Making,  Gear  Cutting,  Tele- 
graphic and  other  Electrical  Apparatus  by  competent 
workmen. 

TELEPHONES   TO   ORDER. 
F.  W.  FULLER,  415  Market  Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


Main"  Street    Iron    Works, 

WM.    DEACON,   PROPRIETOR. 
Nos.  131, 133  S>  135  Main  St.,  San  Francisco. 

Stationary  and  Marine  Engines, 

Shafting,  Pulleys,  and  General  Machine  Work.  Jobbing 
and  repairing  done  Promptly  and  at  Lowest  Rates. 
Screw  Propellors,  Propellor  and  Steamboat  Engines. 

SAW  MILLS  and  SAW  MILL  MACHINERY. 


«i  f6ixl2 

SJ  7x12 
2>^  8x12 
9x14 


:,    i     9x14  HH  ijf  O  •!?'-     . 

TMbi 


(V2? 


8x12 
9x14 
q  ^10x14 


Market,  head  of  Front  Street,  San  Francisco. 


Diamond    Drill    Co. 

The  undersigned,  owners  of  LESCHOT'S  PATENT 
for  DIAMOND  POINTED  DRILLS,  now  brought  to  the 
highest  state  of  perfection,  are  prepared  to  fill  orders 
for  the  IMPROVED  PROSPECTING  AND  TUNNELING 
DRILLS,  with  or  without  power,  at  short  notice,  and 
at  reduced  priceB.  Abundant  testimony  furnished  of 
the  great  economy  and  successful  working  of  numerous 
machines  in  operation  in  the  quartz  and  gravel  mines 
on  this  coast.  Circulars  forwarded,  and  full  infor- 
mation given  upon  application, 

A,  J.  SEVERANCE  &  CO. 
Office,  No.  320  SanBome  street.  Room  10. 


GOLD    MINE    WANTED. 

One  now  paying  more  than  expenses.    Addres 

W.    S.    KBYBS,   M.   E., 
No.  310  Pine  St.,  Boom  42,  San  Francisco 


Should  con- 
sult DEWEY 
&  CO.,  AsniR- 


California  Inventors 

ican  and  Foreign  Patent  Solicitors.  Established  in 
1860.  Their  long  experience  as  journalists  and  large  prac- 
tice as  patent  attorneys  enables  them  to  offer  Pacific  Coast 
inventors  far  better  service  than  they  can  obtain  else- 
where. Send  for  free  circulars  of  information.  Office  of 
the  Mining  and  Scientific  Press  and  Pacific  Rural 
Prebs,  No.  202  Sansome  St.,  San  Francisco. 


May  17,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


327 


THE  SAFETY  POWDER  COMPANY, 

San  Francisco,  Cal. 


CARTRIDGE. 


GEN.  W.  S.  ROSECRANS. 
President. 


Safety   Cap  and   Fuse. 


COL.  SAM'L  0.  GREGORY, 
Secretary. 


Fuse  Lighter  and  Furs. 


Electric  Cap. 


Safety  Powder,  Caps,  Electric  Caps,  and  Fuse  Lighters. 

Under  a  series  of  U.  S.  Patents,  after  long  anil  carefully  conducted  experiments  and  thou- 
sands of  tests,  this  Company  is  prepared  to  manufacture  and  supply,  for  Mining  and  Engineering 
Works,  the  abo%'e  named  articles  at  prices  and  on  terms  as  favorable  as  articles  of  similar  grades 
are  now  supplied  in  this  market.  Our  Powders  contain  no  Nitro-glyccrine,  no  Nitroliue,  no  Qun 
Cotton,  no  Fulminates,  an. I  are  free  from  the  unavoidable  dangers  in  manufacturing 
transporting,  handling  and  using  of  all  high  grade  explosives  which  contain  those  elements. 

Cold  does  not  affect  them.  They  cause  no  headaches  or  other  inconveniences  in  handling, 
and  the  smoke  from  their  explosion  contains  no  poisoning  or  sickening  vapors. 

Their  blasting  force,  with  slight  tamping,  at  least  equals  that  of  any  I'owders  now  used,  but 
they  admit  ami  require  strong  tamping  to  bring  out  their  immense  and  peculiar  lifting  nower 
which  follows  their  detonating  work.     They  should  be  lired,  therefore,  by  our 

Safety  Cap, 

Which  allows  tamping  without  danger.  They  can  be  lired  by  any  caps  now  employed  in  blasting, 
but  the  use  of  these  ia  always  dangerous  with  any  Powder,  and  the  loss  of  the  throwing  power 
resulting  from  lack  of  tamping  renders  it  with  our  Powders  doubly  objectionable. 

Our  SAFETY  CAPS  have  twice  or  thrice  the  force  of  triple  Giant  Caps.  When  set  on  fire 
they  do   not  explode,   but  merely  burn  off,  and  are  perfectly  safe  in  transporting  aud  in  tamping. 

In  round  tin  boxes,  50  cents. 

The  Safety   Fuse   Lighter, 

Cheap,  handy  and  sure  to  light  the  Fuse  upon  the  end  of  which  it  is  fastened,  only  needs  a  trial 
to  be  appreciated  by  every  miner  who  isup  to  "snuffs."     25  Cents  per  box;  sent  by  mail. 

Safety   Fuse, 

Equal  to  the  best  in  the  market,  will  bo  supplied  at  the  lowest  market  prices. 


PATENT 


LIFE-MG  RESPIRATOR 

Prevents  Lead  Poisoning 
and  Salivation. 


INVALUABLE  to  those  engaged  in  Dry  Crushing 
Quartz  Mills,  Quicksilver  Mines,  Guano 
Works,  White  Lead  Corroding,  Feeding 
Threshing  Machines  and  all  occupations  where  the 

surrounding  atmosphere  is  filled  with  dust,  obnoxious 
smells  or  poisonous  vapors.  The  Respirators  are  sold 
subject  to  approval  after  trial,  and  if  not  satisfactory  the 
price  will  be  refunded.  Price  $3  each,  or  $30  per 
dozen.    Sent  post-paid  to  any  address  upon  receipt  of  price 

SETH  MARSHALL,  Jr.,  Agent, 

309   California  Street,    San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Send  for  Descriptive  Circulars  containing'  testimonials 
of  well-known  parties  who  are  at  present  using  them. 


SANDERSON  BROS.  &  GO.'S 

Best  Refined.  Cast- Steel. 

Warranted  Most  Superior  for  Drills,  Hammers,  Etc. 

A  full  and   complete  stock  of  this  reliable  and  well-known 
brand  of  Steel,  for  mining  and  other  uses,  now  in  stock  and  for  sale 

At  No.  417  Market  St.,  S.  F.,   ■    H.  D.  Morris,  Agent. 


FRANCIS  SMITH  &  CO., 


CO 


Manufacturers  of 


O-  THE    PATENT    CHANNEL   IRON    WHEELBARROWS.  m 

3d  THE  STRONGEST  BARROW  MADE.     These  Barrows  are  made  by  Superior  Workmen,  and  ^^ 

^■^  of  the  best  material.    All  sizes  kept  constantly  on  hand.  1 

2£  SHEET   IRON   PIPE.  O 

«  Lap-Welded  Pipe,  all  Sizes,  from  Three  to  Six  Inches.    Artesian  Well  Pipe.  SS 

«    "  Alao,  Galvanized  Iron  Boilers,  from  25  to  100  Gallons. 

IJJ  Iron  Cut,  Punched,  and  Formed  (or  makinfr  Pipe  on  eround,  where  required.   All  kinds  of  Tools  W 

I  ■  1  supplied  for  making  Pipes.    Estimates  iriven  when  required.    Are  prepared  for  coating  all  size  of  ~-~ 

^■p  Pipes  wiiL  a  composition  of  Coal  Tar  and  Asphaltum.  O 

CO  Office  and  Manufactory,  130  Beale  Street,  San  Francisco,  P"1 


RUSSELL'S  AMALGAMATOR. 


SAVE    YOTTIR,    GOLD 
And    Also    SAVE    YOUR    QUICKSILVER. 

The  above  Washer  and  Amalgamator  with  new  patent  Wire  Bridge  Quicksilver  Boxes  attached,  can  be  worked 
wot  or  dry,  either  by  hand.  Hteain.  horw  or  water  power,  and  in  easily  taken  apart  and  packed  For  washing  Pulp, 
Eurth,  Gravel)  Mill  T*Ulng9  or  Blub  Sand,  it  is  without  a  rival. 

Has  been  Thoroughly  Tested  and  given  Complete  Satisfaction. 

Thfi  entire  Lining:,  Hanging  Plntoa,  HilileH  and  Boxes  Amalgamated 

IS    GUARANTEED    TO   SAVE    THE    FINEST    OR    FLOAT    GOLD. 

Capacity,  30  to  00  tons  per  day,  according  to  size.     For  further  particulars  apply  to 

J.  MORIZIO,  Gen'l  Agt.. 

Room  '24,  Sate  Deposit  Building,  Corner  Montgomery  and  California  Streets,   SAN  FRANCISCO- 


Trail  Hpic,  Medical  id  Surgical  Sanitarium, 

No.   8   Ellis  Street,  San  Francisco,   Cal. 

O — 

Treatment  by  a  Purely  Scientific  and  Rational  Method  Without  Drugs  of  any  Kind. 

THE    TREATMENT   DEPARTMENT   EMBRACES    ALL    APPROVED  REMEDIAL  AGENTS,  AS  OXYGEN 
INHALATIONS.       VACUUM      TREATMENT,       THERMO-ELECTRIC.      TUHCOAMERICAN. 
ELECTROMAGNETIC,    OALVANii-l  'HEM1CAL,    STEAM,    VAPOR,    WARM 
AIR,    AND    ALL    FORMS    OF    WATER    BATHS; 
Swedish  Movements,  The  Health  Lift,  Spirometer  or  Lung  Strengthened  Steam  Atomizers,  all  Electric,  Galvanic  and  Surgical 
Appliances,  Sun  Baths  and  Solar  Ray  Surgery,  Dew  ami  perfect  Truss  tor  the  Radical  Cure  of  Hernia,  latuly  discovered 
Chemical  Compound  for  thu  speedy,  safe,  painless  and  permanent  removal  of  Cancers,  Scientific  aud  successful  method 
for  the  Cure  of  Files,  etc  ,  etc. 

OS-Aims  to  keep  Abreast  with,  If  not  in  advance  of  the  Progressive  Age.TKS 


It  1ms  been  the  mission  of  this  System  to  mold  public  sentiment, 
and  this  Institution  will  hope  to  be  no  disgrace  to  the  immortal  name 
It  has  assumed.  The  tiim;  has  come  when  Physicians  of  this  School  can 
afford  liiiiincially  to  keep  a  conscience;  in  fact  it  In  disastrous  financially 
aa  well  as  morally  to  compromise  the  truth  one  iota;  hence  patients  can 
rest  assured  that  they  will  be  treated  by  the  Physicians  after  the  most 
approved  and  scientific  methods,  out  uf  pure  and  enlightened  selfish- 
ness, recognizing  the  truth  nnd  beauty  of  this  great  principle: 

"The  U ui in- me  Li  ■*'•  urdervil  find  arrawjetl  t/urt  the  real  and  permanent 


•jood  of  ever n  creature  is  best  wiser 
,N  a!  good  ojtttery  other  briny." 


id  in  promoting  the   real  and  perm 


THE  BOARDING  DEPARTMENT. 


The  table  will  be  supplied  with  the  best  the  exoelBior  market  of  the 
world  affords,  embracing  fruits,  grains,  vegetables,  meats,  fish,  fowl, 
eggs,  cream,  etc.  Regular  aud  transient  boarders  will  be  accommodated 
;ls  well  as  patients.  Busiue.-s  aud  professional  men  and  women  who  are 
tired  Of  restaurant  fare,  may  appreciate  eating  to  live  a  more  healthful 
and  enjoyable  life.  Pure  food  means  pure  blood.  Pure  blood  means 
good  health. 

"The  Vegetarian  Bchool  has  demonstrated  beyond  the   possibility  of 
a  doubt  tliat  farinaceiuis  dishes,  sweet  milk  and   fruit,  are  sufficient  to 
maintain  a  hard  working  man  in  perfect  health.    Such  a  diet  -night  cer- 
tainly.bo  substituted  by  Bedeutary  people  for  their  greasy  speaks  and  ragouts.—  Popular  Science  Monthly,  December,  1S78. 

The   Rooms  are  pleasant,   warm,   well  ventilated  and  sunny;  convenient  to  treatment 
rooms,  so  as  to  afford  the  best  advantage  ot  nursing  and  professional  attendance. 


GENERAL    PRACTICE. 

Fevers,  and  in  fact  all  cases  may  be  treated  at  home  successfully.  Paturition  confinement  cases  arc  taken  in  the  Insti- 
tution or  attend,  d  at  home  in  any  part  of  the  city  or  country.     Preparatory  treatment  in  these  cases  is  most  important 

Testimonials  of  extraordinary  canes  nnd  cures  can  be  seen  on  application.  The  most  dcrjperutu  cases,  and  especially 
those  that  have  be.-n  given  up  ns  incurable  by  the  old  methods,  are  invited.  Puerperal  aud  typhoid  fever  aud  diphtheria 
cases,  after  all  other  methods  have  failed,  may  be  said  to  be  a  specialty.     jtSTSeud  for  the  Trall  Health  Journal. 

DRS.  D.  C.  &  MRS,  E.  D.  MOORE, 

Trail  Hygienic  Sanitarium,  8  Ellis  St.,  S.  F. 


In  consequence  of  spurious  imitations  of 

LEA    AND    PERRINS'    SAUCE, 

which  are  calculated  to  deceive  the  Public,  Lea  and  Perrins 
have  adopted  A  NE  W  LABEL,  bearing  their  Signature, 
thus, 


cZea/C&Lr. 


which  is  placed  on  every  bottle  of  WORCESTERSHIRE 
SA  UCE,  and  without  which  none  is  genuine. 

Ash  for  LEA  &•  PERRINS'  Sauce,  and  see  Name  on  Wrapper,  Label,  Bottle  and  Stopper. 
Wholesale  and  for  Export  by  the  Proprietors,  Worcester  ;  Crosse  and  Blackwell,  London, 
Grc.,  <SrV. ;  and  by  Grocers  and  Oilmen  throughout  the  World, 

To  be  obtained  of  CROSS  &  CO..  San  Francisco. 


BROWN'S 

Ledger  Papers. 

Acknowledged  to  be  the  best  Papers  for  Blank  Books. 

WMl  resist  die  sRVi- REST  TEST  of  erasure  and  rcwniiiu.'. 

Received  Che  UK.HI-ST  AWARD  over  AI-L  OT1I1-KS 
from  the  UNITED  STATES  CP-NTENNIAI- COMMISSION. 
I-iave  your  Blank  Books  made  from  them,  and  no  other. 

H.  S.  CROCKER  &  CO.,  Sole  Agents. 


Good  land  that  will  rjise  a  crop  every 
year.  Over  14,000  acres  for  sale  in  lots  to 
suit.  Climate  healthy.  No  drouths,  bad 
floods,  nor  malaria.  Wood  and  water 
convenient.  U.  S.  Title,  perfect.  Send  stamp  for  illus- 
trated circular,  to  EDWARD  FRISBIE,  Proprietor  of 
Reading  Ranch,  Anderson,  Shasta  County,  Cal. 


LAND 


THE    AMERICAN 


All  sizes, 

and  adapted,  to 

from 

3  to  500  ' 

feet  head, 


TURBINE 

Water  Wheals 


THE  BEST  IN  THE 
WOBLD  ! 

Send  for  our  Circular 
and  Prices. 

BERRY  &  PLACE. 

Market  St.,  Head  of  Front, 

San  Francisco. 


MINING    AND 


SCIENTIFIC 


PRESS. 


[May  17,   1879. 


Mining  Machinery  Depot, 

FARKLB  eft; 

No.  417  Market  Street,  San  Francisco. 


NO.   7    IMPROVED 


AIR    COMPRESSOR. 


With  Adjustable  Cut-off  Poppet  Valve  Engine,  and  Forced  Ir^n  Crank  Shafts. 


SPECIAL    ADVANTAGES. 

Absolute  certainty  in  the  action  of  the  valves  at  any  Bpeed.  Perfect  delivery  of  the  air  at  any 
speed  or  pressure.  The  heating  of  the  air  entirely  prevented  at  any  pressure.  Takes  less  water  to 
cool  the  air  than  any  other  Compressor. 

Power  applied  to  the  best  advantage.  Access  obtainable  to  all  the  valves  by  removing  air  chest 
covers.  Entire  absence  of  springs  or  friction  to  open  or  shut  the  valves.  No  valve  stems  to  break 
and  drop  inside-of  cylinders. 

Have  no  back  or  front  heads  to  break.     The  only  Machine  that  makes  a  perfect  diagram."    No 
expensive  foundations  required.     Absolute  economy  in  first  cost  and  after  working. 
m  Displacements  in  air  cylinder  perfect.     Showing  less  leakage  and  friction  than  our  competitors 

JB    and  a  superior  economy  of  about  20  per  cent. 

Small  Sizes  made  in  Sections  not  to  Exceed  300  lbs. 


A.  S.  HALLIDSE. 

tnia^Streetj 


Office,  No.  6 


Iron  and  Steel  Wire  Rope, 

Flat  and  Round,  for  MiningJ^hipping, 
Hoisting  and  Gjpwqnfyxposes. 

complete  jBfliextenaiva 
the>Bnited  States.  I  am 
prapaWed'to  maWStfCture  Wire  .Rope  and  Cable, 
of  anjAJengui  or  size  at  snort  notice,  and  guar. 
intra  the  quality  and  workmanship  equal  to 
iay  made  at  home  or  abi 

Iron,  Steel-ajjd^G^va^ized  Wire 

Of  all  l&es  oa  haJsi  or-ICado  to  order. 


leel-^jjjftG. 
BarijeWence  Wire. 

Sole  ProprjeJsi-sF     \-A 

Hallid  iejs  ^E^lesr5*>EGjj6way, 

Prf  th^Yanspo  AatleBTof  Ores.  Etc. 
*ffSencrd>r  avircnlar. 

A.  S.  HAIXIDIE. 

Office,  No.  e  California  St.,  San  Francisco 

STEVENOT'S 

Fine  Gold  Amalgamator. 

Adapted  for  Ores,  Tailings,  Slimes,  Etc. 

Unequaled  for  Cheapness,  Lightness  and 
Practical  Results. 


MANUFACTURED  UNDER  A.   NOBEL'S  ORIGINAL  AND  ONLY  VALID  NITROGLYCERINE  PATENTS 

Nos.  ONE,    TWO    and    THREE. 
Stronger,   Better  and  Safer  than  any  other  High  Explosive. 


Judson    Fowler 

IS  NOW  USED  IN  ALL  LARGE  HYDRAULIC  CLAIMS. 
It  breaks  more  ground,  pulverizes  it  better,  aaves  time  and  money,  and  is    superseding    the   ordinary 
powder  wherever  it  is  tried.    JtSTTriple  Force  Caps  and  all  Grades  of  Fuse. 

BANDMANN,  NIELSEN    &   CO., 

SAN    FRANCISCO,    CAL. 


No  DiecujuUnin  required  t.i  run  it.  Worked  entirely  by 
pressure  of  water  throwing  the  ore  forcibly  on  to  ana 
through  a  body  of  mercury. 

E.  K.  STEVENOT, 

Chemist  and  Mining  Engineer, 

304  Montgomery  St.,  San  Francisco. 

REPORTS  MADE  ON  MINES.  Quartz  Mills,  and 
Works  of  every  description  started. 


VULCAN  BLASTING  POWDER. 


The  Strongest,  Safest,  Most  Uniform  and  Reliable 
EXPLOSIVE"  Manufactured  on  the  Coast. 


'HIGH 


MINERS  TESTIFY  THAT  IT  IS    FREE  FROM  OBJECTIONABLE  FUMES. 

We  call  the  attention  of  all  desiring  Buch  a  Powder  to  our  various  grades,  which 
e  are  prepared  to  sell  at  LOWEST  RATES. 

Equalling  Liquid  Nitro-Glycerine  in  Strength.    We  recommend  this 

Grade  in  extremely  hard  rock,  boulders,  iron,  etc. 

Will  do  the  work  thoroughly  in  all  but   the   hardest   kinds    of 

rock. 

pipe-clay,   soft  and  shelly    rock,  outside    work 


1.- 
2. 


For   bench  work, 

•        andB  quarrying. 


No. 
No. 
No. 

Single  and  Triple  Force  Caps,  Fuse  of  all  Grades,  Vulcan 

Powder  Thawing  Boxes,  Batteries  and  Exploders, 

For  Sale  at  the  Lowest  Bates. 

VULCAN    POWDER    COMPANY, 

Office,  123  California  Street,  Rooms  25  and  26, 


SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 


W.   T.   GARRATT'S 

BRASS  and  BELL  FOUNDRY 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 

MANUFACTURER  AND  IMPORTER  OP 

Church  and  Steamboat  BELLS  and  GONGS 
BRASS  CASTINGS  of  all  kinds, 
WATER  GATES,   GAS  GATES. 
FIRE  HYDRANTS, 

DOCK  HYDRANTS, 

GARDEN  HYDRANTS 

General  Assortment   ol    Engineers'  Findings. 

Hooker's    Patent 
Celebrated 

STEAM  PUMP 

*3The  BeBt  and  Most" 
Durable  in  use.  Also, 
a  variety  of  other 

PUMPS 

For  Mining  and  Farm, 
ing  Purposes. 

ROOT'S  BLAST  BLOWERS, 

For  Ventilating  Mines  and  for  Smelting-  Works. 

HYDRAULIC    PIPES    AND    NOZZLES, 

For  Mining  Purposes. 

Garratfs    Improved    Journal    Metal. 

IMPORTER  OF 

IRON  PIPE  AND  MALLEABLE   IRON    FITTINGS. 

ALL  KINDS  OF 

WORK  AND  COMPOSITION  NAILS, 

AT  LOWEST  RATES. 


Testimonials  as  to  the  perfect 
working  of  the  Concentrator  to  he 
seen  at  the  office. 


The  FRUE  ORE  CONCENTRATOR. 

Adams  &  Carter,  Agents. 

JOHN    M.    ADAMS.  WM.     P.    CARTER. 

MINING  AND  MECHANICAL  ENGINEERS. 

Room   7,   No.  109    California  St.,  San  Francisco.    P.  O.  Box  2,06 


STEEL 
CASTINGS. 


From   1-4  to   10,000  lbs.  "Weight. 

True  to  pattern,  sound  and  solid,  of  unequaled  strength,  toughness  and  durability. 
An  invaluable  substitute  for  forgings  or  cast-iro  i  requiring  three-fold  strength. 
Gearing  of  all  kinds.  Shoes,    DieB,   Hammerheads,  Crossheads  for  Locomotives,  etc. 
12,0J0  Crank  Shafts  of  this  Steel  now  running  proved  superior  to  wrought  iron. 
CRANK  SHAFTS,  CROSSHEADS  and  GEARING,  specialties. 
Circulars  and  Price  Lists  free.    Address 

Chester  Steel  Castings  Co. 

■Works,  Chester,  Pennsylvania.      407  Library  St..  Philadelphia 


Knight's  Water  Wheel. 

The  large  number  of  these  Wheels  now  in  use  is  the  test 
guarantee  that  they  possess  the  superiority  accorded  them 
Theynever  fail  to  give  satisfaction.  For  sale  by  ALMARLN 
E.  PAUL,  Agent,  Room  20.  Safe  Deposit  Building,  S.  F 

AN    ENGINEER, 

Favorably  known  in  the  East,  desirous  of  settling  in  Califor- 
nia, seeks  position  as  Superintendent  or  Chief  Draughtsman. 
Coinpet  nt  to  design  Stationary,  Marine.  Locomotive,  Mill 
Work,  Sugar  and  Hydraulic  Machinery.  Speaks  Spanish. 
Unexceptional  references.    Address  EXPERT,  this  office. 


This  paper  is  printed  with  Ink  furnished  by 
Chas.  Eneu  Johnson  &  Co.,  509  South  10th 
St.,  Philadelphia  &  69  Gold  St.,  N.  Y. 


A     CARD. 

To    Parties    Interested    in    Mining 
and  Milling. 

Call  at  J.  HENDY'S,  N.  E.  corner  of  Mission  and 
Fremont  Streets,  San  Francisco,  and  examine  COLEMAN'S 
PATENT  SLUICE.  It  will  save  both  float  and  flour  Gold. 
The  best  system  yet  devised.  No  power  required  to  work 
it.  Examine  it  and  judge  for  yourselves  before  purchas- 
ing elsewhere. 


Engraving  done  at  this  office, 


GARDNERS' 

Celebrated 


Governor 


These  Steam  Governors  have  long 
been  known  as  THE  BEST,  and 
as  lately  Improved  and  Per- 
fected, they  have  no  Rival. 

THE    SAFETY     STOP 

On  these  Governors  is  alone  worth  double  the  price  of 
the  Governor.    We  have  sold  over  six  hundred,  and 

Never  one  has  Failed. 

They  are  sold  at  the  same  price  (or  less)  as  ordinary 
Governors,     Send  for  Circular. 

BERRY  &   PLACE, 

Market,  head  of  Front  St.,  San  Francisco 


A  CHEAP  QUARTZ   MILL. 

The  Mexican  Arastra  Americanized 

So  as  to  pulverize  five  times  as  fast  and  amalgamate  as 
perfect.    Call  and  eee  it  or  send  for  Circulars. 

ALMARIN  B.  PAUL, 
Room  20,  Safe  Deposit  Building,  San  Francisco. 


BY    .D-EWKY    A 


SAN  FRANCISCO,  SATURDAY,  MAT  24,  1879. 


VOLUME  atxjxivni 

Pfumber    31. 


Geodetic  and  Astronomical  Observations 
at  Great  Elevations. 

Prof.  George  Davidson  has  started  the  Coast 
Survey  geodetic  and  astronomical  party  to  the 
field  for  the  work  of  the  season.  He  will  oc- 
cupy two  stations  of  the  main  triangulation : 
The  first,  Lola  mountain,  on  the  Sierra,  about 
25  miles  northwost  of  Truckee  and  9,500  feet 
above  the  ocean.  The  second  en  Round  Top, 
a  station  10,  GOO  feet  above  the  sea,  and  lying 
southwest  of  Lake  Tahoe,  over  the  Carson  can- 
yon and  Placerville  road. 

The  work  at  these  stations  will  embrace  the 
measurement  of  the  usual  horizontal  angles  be- 
tween distant  stations;  latitude  determinations 
and  azimuth  of  the  lines.  Besides  these  will  be 
made  special  observations  for  the  determination 
of  the  coefficient  of  refraction,  magnetic  and 
meteorological  observations  to  study  the  law  of 
hourly  change  at  high  elevations. 

The  lines  of  sight  will  extend  as  far  north  as 
Mt.  Shasta,  west  from  Mt.  Linn  through 
Helena  and  Diablo  to  a  more  southern  station, 
south  as  far  as  Mt.  Dana,  and  60  miles  eastward 
of  the  Sierras. 

In  order  to  make  special  search  for  the  prob- 
lematical intra- mercurial  planet  or  planets, 
Prof.  Davidson  has  purchased  a  six  and  one- 
half  inch  equatorial  objective,  by  Clark,  and 
has  had  constructed  a  portable  equatorial  ob- 
servatory with  a  revolving  dome  of  12  feet 
diameter. 

The  details  of  the  gaB  pipe  dome  have  been 
capitally  worked  out  by  Mr.  Pratt,  of  the  Coast 
Survey;  and  this  is  believed  to  be  the  lightest 
observatory  and  dome  constructed.  The  cover- 
ing is  of  heavy  canvas,  and,  it  is  believed,  will 
resiBt  the  strongest  winds  of  the  Sierra. 

This  undertaking  has  been  an  especial  object 
of  Prof.  Davidson  since  the  spring  of  1873,  when 
he  made  his  examinations  of  the  fitness  of  high 
elevations  for  astronomical  work,  the  results  of 
which  were  then  communicated  to  the  Academy 
of  Sciences.  The  experiments  will  consist  in 
observing  such  objects  as  are  well-known  tests 
for  a  given  size  of  telescope  at  ordinary  eleva- 
tions, whilst  his  lengthened  stay  at  the  two 
stations  will  enable  him  to  form  a  just  opinion 
of  the  general  atmospheric  conditions. 

The  results  of  all  observations  have  confirmed 
the  opinions  of  Prof.  Davidson  in  regard  to  the 
peculiarly  favorable  fitness  of  our  mountain 
ranges  for  the  location  of  an  observatory,  and 
yet  that  no  undue  bias  might  seem  to  influence 
his  judgment  he  advised  in  1873  and  1874,  that 
the  same  observer  and  the  same  instrument 
should  be  used  at  all  available  stations,  from 
Summit  to  San  Bernardino,  so  that  a  fair  judg- 
ment could  be  formed. 

In  the  present  examination  it  is  probable  that 
a  second  observer  will  make  in  the  valley,  or 
on  the  coast  line,  simultaneous  and  similar 
observations  upon  the  same  object. 

Although  other  investigations  will  be  pursued, 
so  far  as  time  will  permit,  it  is  premature  to 
announce  them,  as  bad  weather  may  mar  some 
of  the  projected  work.  The  labors  of  the  party 
will  extend  to  the  end  of  October. 


Marble  Canyon. 

In  Powell's  "Exploration  of  the  Colorado 
River  of  the  West,"  is  given  a  view  of  Marble 
canyon  from  the  Vermilion  cliffs  near  the  mouth 
of  the  Paria.  This  engraving  is  also  given  in 
Le  Conte's  "Elements  of  Geology"  (Appleton  & 
Co.),  from  which  we  take  it.  In  the  distance, 
the  Colorado  river  is  seen  to  turn  to  the  west, 
where  its  gorge  divides  the  twin  plateaus.  On 
the  right  is  seen  the  Eastern  Kaibab  displace- 
ments, appearing  as  folds,  aud,  further  in  the 
distance,  as  faults. 

The  general  surface  of  the  country  between 
the  mouth  of  the  Paria  and  that  of  the  Colorado 


everywhere  breaking  down  with  a  sharp  brink, 
and  in  the  perspective  the  summits  of  the  walls 
appearing  to  approach  until  they  are  merged  in 
a  black  line,  and  you  can  hardly  resist  the 
thought  that  the  river  burrows  into,  and  is  lost 
under,  the  great  inclined  plateau. 


Another  Aged  but  Well  Preserved  Pio- 
neer Gold  Finder. — An  Eastern  paper,  after 
commenting  on  the  injustice  we  do  Gen.  Sutter 
in  refusing  to  suitably  reward  him  as  the  dis- 
coverer of  gold  in  California,  goes  on  to  remark 
that  Bernardo  Treres,  who  first  found  gold  in 
Arizona,  has  been  suffered  to  go  equally  unre- 
warded. Seeing  that  gold  mines  have  been 
I  worked  in  Arizona  by  the  Spaniards  for  several 


After  a  Long  Time. — For  a  number  of  years 
past  several  companies  of  miners  have  been 
engaged  opening  a  series  of  ore-bearing  veins  in 
Alturas  county,  Idaho,  the  driving  of  lengthy 
tunnels  having  been  among  the  means  adopted 
to  that  end.  The  work  has  been  a  heavy  and 
costly  one,  and  success  long  delayed.  We  infer 
from  what  we  see  in  the  Idaho  papers  that 
these  hardy  men,  the  most  of  whom  were  Cali- 
fornians,  have  begun  to  reap  some  reward  at 
last,  several  handsome  bullion  BhipmentB  hav- 
ing lately  been  made  from  these  mines.  What 
has  tended  to  retard  mining  in  that  section  of 
country  has  been  its  remoteness  from  lines  of 
cheap  transportation.  Through  the  extension 
of  the  Utah  Northern  railroad  this  obstacle  will 
soon  be  in  good  measure  removed.  The  route 
of  that  road  as  determined  upon  will  be  across 
Big  Camas  prairie,  skirting  the  Alturas  moun- 
tains and  thence  down  the  Boise,  passing 
within  28  miles  of  Rocky  Bar,  the  site  of  these 
mining  operations. 


BIRD'S-EYE    VIEW    OF    MAEBLE    CANYON. 


Chiquite,  is  the  summit  of  the  carboniferous 
formation.  At  the  mouth  of  the  Paria,  this  is 
at  the  waters  edge;  at  the  mouth  of  the  Colora- 
co  Chiquite,  it  is  3,800  feet  above  the  river. 
The  fall  of  the  river,  in  the  same  distance,  is 
about  600  feet,  so  that  the  whole  dip  of 
the  rock  between  the  two  points  is  about 
3, 200  feet.  The  distance  by  river  is  65 
miles;  in  a  direct  line,  20  miles  less. 
We  have  therefore  a  dip  of  3,200  feet  in  45 
miles,  or  about  70  feet  to  a  mile.  The  slope  of 
the  country  to  the  north  is  the  same  as  the  dip 
of  the  beds,  for  the  country  rises  to  the  south 
as  the  beds  rise  to  the  south. 

Stand  on  the  Vermilion  cliffs,  at  the  head 
of  Marble  canyon,  and  look  off  down  the  river, 
over  a  stretch  of  country  that  steadily  rises  in 
the  distance,  until  it  reaches  an  altitude  far 
above  even  the  elevated  point  of  observation, 
and  then  see  meandering  through  it  to  the 
south  of  the  gorge    in  which  the  river  runs, 


centuries,  as  they  were  worked  probably  by  the 
Aztecs  a  good  while  before,  this  Bernardo 
Treres  must  be  a  person  now  well  advanced  in 
years,  such  protracted  longevity  being  due 
doubtless  to  the  fact  of  his  "keeping  a  miser- 
able tavern,"  which  business,  according  to  the 
above  authority,  he  is  at  present  engaged  in. 
It  may  by  the  way  be  observed,  that  it  was  not 
Gen.  Sutter  but  James  W.  Marshall  who 
picked  up  the  first  piece  of  gold  found  in  Cal- 
ifornia. Marshall  being  old  and  poor  should 
now  get  him  a  stock  of  arguardente  and  open 
a  "miserable  tavern,"  and  thus  place  himself  in 
the  recognized  category  of  original  gold  tinders. 

Kern  and  Inyo  Counties.  —  Mr.  Milton 
Kennedy  will  visit  Kern  and  Inyo  counties  dur- 
ing the  next  few  weeks,  in  the  interest  of  the 
Press.  We  request  our  readers  in  those  coun- 
ties to  aid  and  advance  him  in  his  work,  as  their 
disposition  and  convenience  may  suggest. 


Eastern  Investors  in  Pacific  Coast  Mines. 

We  had  the  pleasure  of  a  conversation  this 
week  with  Prof.  W.  P.  Blake,  a  gentleman  who 
1b  well-known  by  reputation  at  least,  to  all  of 
our  mining  readers,  and  who  recently  came  from 
the  East  for  the  purpose  of  visiting  the  Arizona 
mining  regions.  He  has  just  returned  from 
Arizona,  and  has  now  gone  on  a  tour  to  Amador 
and  northern  mines.  He  expresses  himself  as 
well  pleased  with  what  he  has  seen  of  Arizona, 
but  like  others,  considers  it  as  yet  a  poor  coun- 
try for  a  poor  man  to  emigrate  to.  At  present 
little  can  be  done  there  except  by  associated 
capital  towards  the  development  of  mining 
property,  everything  being  so  expensive. 

In  talking  with  Prof.  Blake  we  find  he  agrees 
with  us  in  remarks  we  have  repeatedly  made 
with  regard  to  parties  buying  small  parcels  of 
stock  in  mines  of  which  they  have  no  knowledge 
and  over  which  they  have  no  control.  He  says 
that  in  many  of  the  Eastern  States  there  are 
persons  traveling  about  selling  stock  in  Pacific 
coast  mines  to  persons  in  the  cities,  small 
towns,  farms,  etc.,  in  an  indiscriminate  manner 
which  will  surely  work  injury  to  those  foolish 
enough  to  invest,  on  the  representations  of  per- 
sons whom  they  do  not  know.  Great  expecta- 
tions are  held  out  about  large  dividends,  and 
the  isolated  example  of  the  "bonanza  kings" 
quoted  as  of  every  day  occurrence  among  mining 
men.  People  with  no  knowledge  of  mines  are 
apt  to  be  led  off  by  such  representations,  and 
inveBt  their  money  foolishly. 

In  Arizona  there  are  a  great  many  mines  with 
small  veins  of  rich  ore,  which  assay  up  into  the 
thousands.  Selected  samples  are  taken  and 
assayed,  and  the  certificates  of  assay  exhibited 
aB  if  showing  an  average  of  the  ore.  This  sort 
of  thing  fools  our  own  people  here,  and  will 
surely  take  in  those  not  acquainted  with  mining 
matters.  Prof.  Blake  thinks  our  coast  papers 
should  warn  Eastern  investors  of  the  danger 
they  run  in  buying  such  stock  without  knowing 
anything  about  it.  When  stock  in  a  mining 
company  is  scattered  about  in  small  lotB  in  this 
way,  there  is  almost  always  sure  to  be  a  Iobs. 
No  one  has  stock  enough  to  take  the  proper 
interest  to  see  the  affairs  run  or  managed  in  an 
economical  manner,  and  finally  all  hands  lose 
their  money. 

There  is  a  large  field  for  investors  here  in 
California,  he  thinks,  in  legitimate  mining 
operations,  where  a  few  men  may  buy  and 
work  a  mine  without  any  stock  manipulating. 
We  are  glad  to  find  that  our  opinions  on  this 
subject  are  seconded  by  an  authority  like  Prof. 
Blake;  and  hope  that  our  contemporaries  will 
lend  their  aid  in  preventing  any  reckless  invest- 
ments of  Eastern  capital  in  projects  which  to 
say  the  least  are  doubtful,  in  view  of  the  way 
in  which  they  are  put  before  the  public. 

Copper.  Mining.  —  The  copper  mines  at 
Spenceville,  Nevada  county,  are  being  worked 
quite  actively,  notwithstanding  the  prevailing 
low  prices  for  that  ore.  Monthly  ore  shipments 
are  made  from  these  mines  to  the  value  of 
§9,000.  The  ore  here,  which  carries  about 
30%  of  metal,  is  sent  to  this  city  and  marketed 
at  a  good  price.  The  owners  talk  of  reducing 
the  ore  at  the  mines,  by  a  process  that  will 
bring  the  metal  first  into  a  liquid  state.  We 
note  also  increased  stir  in  the  copper  mines  of 
Calaveras,  Del  Norte  and  elsewhere  in  this 
State.  In  eastern  Arizona,  too,  copper  mining 
is  being  pushed  with  a  vigor  that  deserves,  as 
it  no  doubt  will,  command  a  large  success. 

A  Search  Along  the  Sierra. — Extending 
through  Fresno,  Tulare  and  Kern  counties, 
there  is  thought  to  be  a  strong  metalliferous  belt 
lying  pretty  high  up  along  the  west  slope  of  the 
Sierra.  Some  prospecting  has  been  done  here 
in  times  past  which  led  to  the  discovery  of 
promising  ore-bearing  lodes  at  one  or  two  points, 
notably  so  in  the  Mineral  King  district.  Fair 
assays  in  silver  were  obtained  from  these  lodes, 
but  these  discoveries  not  having  been  followed 
up  by  any  thorough  development,  very  little  is 
known  as  to  their  actual  value.  Fresh  parties 
having  gone  out  with  the  purpose  of  giving  this 
region  a  more  extended  examination,  their  re- 
port will  be  awaited  with  some  interest  and  a 
general  desire  that  it  may  be  favorable. 


330 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


LMay  24,  1879. 


vORRESPONDENCE. 


We  admit,  unendorsed,  opinions  of  correspondents.—  Eds 


Gold  Fields  in  the  Agricultural  Coun- 
ties of  California. 

Editors  Press  : — When  we  hear  of  gold  fields 
something  strikes  our  nerves  resembling  elec- 
tricity, we  never  ask  how  much  labor  it  takes 
to  obtain  sufficient  gold  to  exchange  for  a  $20 
piece,  the  "fact"  of  gold  or  silver  is  sufficient  to 
make  the  stir,  and  if  anything  like  a  show  is 
made,  as  has  been  the  case  in  Leadville,  thou- 
sands go  there,  most  of  them  losing  their  money 
instead  of  making  any,  and  return  generally 
broken  in  pocket,  in  health  and  spirit.  Up  to 
late  years  one  good  quality  has  been  indisputa 
able  in  both  gold  and  silver,  the  producer  of  it 
had  not  to  look  for  a  market;  but  lately  even 
this  cannot  be  said  of  silver,  because  it  has  be 
come  a  drug  on  the  market. 

Within  the  last  ten  years  there  have  been  but 
two  articles  produced  of  which  the  demand  has 
been  greater  than  the  supply,  these  have  been 
gold  and  sugar. 

The  United  States  of  America  has  to  ship 
every  year  one  hundred  million  dollars  in  gold 
to  exchange  for  her  supply  of  sugar,  eighty 
millions  of  this  going  to  Cuba.  The  "Pearl  of 
the  Antilles"  takes  hardly  anything  in  exchange 
from  the  United  States  but  her  gold.  Our  con- 
sumption of  sugar  increases  with  our  civilaza- 
tion,  England  and  the  United  States  being  the 
largest  consumers  of  sugar  in  the  world.  Fifty 
years  ago  all  the  sugar  consumed  in  the  world, 
with  trifling  exceptions,  was  cane  sugar,  but 
since  then  beet  sugar  has  appeared  on  the  mar- 
ket of  the  world  and  made  such  an  immense 
progress  that  last  year  more  than  one-half  of  all 
the  sugar  in  the  world  was  produced  from  the 
sugar  beet.  Bearing  this  fact  in  mind,  it  can- 
not surprise  anybody  that  the  sugarie  industry 
in  France  and  Germany  is  of  greater  importance 
to  those  countries  than  any  other  industry  of 
whatever  nature. 

The  comparatively  small  island  of  Cuba  pro- 
duces annually  the  enormous  sum  of  $250,000,- 
000  in  her  sugar  fields.  Even  the  Sandwich 
islands,  which  are  mere  specks  in  the  Pacific 
ooean,  come  in  for  a  fair  slice  of  all  the  gold 
produced  in  California,  their  sugar  fields  yield- 
ing the  dollars  fully  as  surely  as  our  gold  mines. 

What  good  then  does  our  gold  and  silver 
mining  do  us,  when  we  ship  all  our  mines  yield 
us  and  more  out  of  the  country  in  exchange  for 
one  single  article,  which  is  indispensable  and 
which  we  do  not  produce  ?  And  strange  to  say 
the  United  States  is  more  favorably  situated  to 
produce  large  quantities  of  sugar  than  any  other 
nation  on  the  globe.  Cuba  and  the  Sandwich 
islands  are  not  excepted,  for  it  is  a  long  estab- 
lished and  acknowledged  fact  that  one  acre 
cultivated  in  sugar  beets  produces  more  sugar 
than  the  same  quality  of  ground  cultivated  in 
sugar  cane. 

Within  the  last  12  months  14  corporations 
have  been  organized  for  the  manufacture  of 
Bugar  from  beets  in  the  eastern  part  of  the 
United  States,  and  Canada.  In  former  years 
several  attempts  had  been  made  to  introduce 
the  beet  sugar  industry  in  California,  and  this 
is  the  less  surprising,  as  there  is  no  State  in  the 
Union  so  favorably  situated,  or  possesses  a  soil 
and  climate  which  could  stand  any  comparisons 
with  California,  Yet  notwithstanding  these 
great  advantages,  notwithstanding  the  fact  that 
when  properly  inaugurated  the  agricultural  part 
of  California  could  produce  more  dollars  from 
the  sugar  beet  fields  than  all  the  gold  and  silver 
mines  on  the  Pacific  coast  combined,  while, 
like  any  other  country  where  the  beet  sugar  in- 
dustry has  found  a  home,  California  need  not 
produce  one  bushel  of  grain  less — in  fact,  it 
naturally  would  increase  in  every  other  agricul- 
tural product,  while  she  could  produce  a  hun- 
dred million  of  dollars  in  sugar  beet  fields. 

The  attempts  at  beet  sugar  production  so  far 
have  not  been  successful  in  California.  Three 
sugar  factories  have  been  established,  and  it  is 
but  right  to  inquire  into  the  causes  which  in- 
terfered with  their  success.  But  before  going 
into  the  details  of  these  experiments,  it  should 
be  distinctly  stated,  what  every  farmer  no 
doubt  is  aware  of,  that  beets  can  be  raised  in 
California  in  unlimited  quantities,  and  even  at 
a  reasonable  price  will  yield  the  farmer  larger 
cash  returns  than  any  other  crop  he  can  raise. 
The  quality  of  the  beets  is  certainly  above  the 
average,  they  being  by  far  superior  to  those 
grown  in  France,  and  almost  as  good  as  the  best 
in  Bohemia  and  Germany,  aud  with  experience 
in  proper  cultivation  will  still  improve.  I  have 
analyzed  (polarized)  some  beets  on  the  first  day 
of  May.  They  had  been  during  the  whole 
winter  lying  in  open  pile  exposed  to  the  weather, 
the  late  warm  spell  and  the  sun  having  wilted 
them  to  some  extent.  The  result  was  as  fol- 
lows: Specific  gravity  of  juice  by  Balling's  per 
cent,  meter,  23.00;  sugar  in  the  same,  17.50; 
co-efficient  of  purity,  76.09.  Of  course  the 
large  amount  of  soluble  matter  in  the  juice  was 
partly  caused  by  evaporation  of  water,  but 
even  making  due  allowance  for  their  wilted 
state,  these  beets  were  even  on  the  first  day  of 
May  superior  to  any  beets  I  had  worked  or  an- 
alyzed during  last  winter  in  the  State  of  Maine. 

Ab  the  large  production  of  beets  and  the 
good  quality  of  the  same  for  sugar  production 
has  never  been  doubted  and  is  an  admitted  fact, 
it  is  useless  to  say  more  about  it  at  present,  but 


the  question  remains  to  be  answered,  what  then 
have  been  the  causes  of  so  indifferent  success  of 
these  three  sugar  works  ?  I  propounded  these 
questions  to  several  parties  before  I  came 
to  California,  and  received  the  following  an- 
swers: "Incompetency  and  dishonesty  on  the 
part  of  those  who  were  entrusted  with  the 
erection  and  management  of  the  sugar  works," 
was  the  reply  of  one  party.  Tho  other  stated 
he'  was  satisfied  one  was  built  to  facilitate  the 
sale  of  land,  the  other  to  swindle,  and  that  both 
accomplished  what  they  were  intended  for. 

The  first  party  might  be  answered  that  two 
German  sugar  manufacturers  have  been  here 
whose  reputation  for  capacity  and  integrity  is 
acknowledged  by  those  who  are  best  able  to 
judge;  and  the  second  might  be  answered,  that 
neither  of  all  the  beet  sugar  factories  here,  as 
they  were  first  built,  could  have  worked  in  any 
other  part  of  the  world.  A  beet  sugar  factory 
in  California,  in  order  to  work  successfully, 
which  is  equivalent  of  earning  a  profit  for  its 
owners,  must  not  only  be  a  raw  sugar  factory, 
but  a  sugar  refinery  at  the  same  time,  and  such 
an  establishment  cannot  be  built  in  Europe  for 
either  $15,000  or  $75,000,  as  it  has  been 
attempted  here.  It  will  be  difficult  to  find  a 
raw  sugar  factory  in  Europe  which  has  not  cost 
to  erect  over  $100,000,  but  such  an  establish- 
ment has  no  ghost  of  a  chance  of  success  here, 
because  the  interest  of  sugar  refiners  is  in  oppo- 
sition to  beet  sugar  manufacturers.  The  be- 
ginning therefore  in  an  insufficient  way  is  a  sure 
foundation  to  failure.  Once  started  in  this  way, 
and  all  the  patching  and  all  the  assessments 
which  follow  wiU  not  make  it  a  success.  This 
has  been  the  case  with  the  beet  sugar  manufac- 
tories in  California.  It  makes  no  difference 
how  much  money  they  have  finally  lost,  they 
did  not  invest  enough  in  the  start.  They  have 
been  penny  wise  and  pound  foolish,  and  if  they 
had  pursued  the  same  course  in  the  best  beet 
sugar  districts  of  the  world,  they  would  have 
met  with  as  sure  failure. 

If  but  one-tenth  part  of  the  money  invested 
and  sunk  in  Leadville  had  been  invested  in  the 
beet  sugar  industry,  an  industry  might  have 
been  started  on  a  sound  foundation,  producing 
more  dollars  every  year  than  all  the  gold  and 
silver  mines  in  the  United  States  combined. 

A  new  attempt  is  made  this  year  to  start  at 
least  one  paying  beet  sugar  factory  in  California. 
Of  its  progress  and  relation  to  farming  in  Cali- 
fornia, I  will  speak  in  another  communication. 
Ernest  Th.  Gennert. 


The  Solar  Salt  Marsh. 

The  Ogden  Freeman  publishes  the  following 
item  relating  to  the  wonderful  salt  marsh  lyirjg 
north  of  Pioche  : 

Eighty  miles  from  Cherry  Creek,  on  the  line 
of  Utah  and  Nevada,  20  miles  south  of  the  old 
overland  stage  road,  is  a  wonderful  and  very 
productive  salt  marsh  that  is  one  and  a  half  miles 
wide  by  four  miles  long.  In  the  spring  of  the 
year  this  overflows  from  surplus  water  that 
comes  from  the  surrounding  country.  There 
are  some  200  fresh  springs  in  and  around  this 
marsh,  affording  water  good  to  drink.  Of  these 
springs  none  of  them  are  more  than  100  yards 
distant  from  the  marsh.  In  the  summer  season 
the  water  evaporates,  leaving  a  deposit  of  salt 
from  two  inches  to  one  foot  thick.  The  dis- 
tance from  great  Salt  Lake  is  175  miles,  with 
mountain  chains  intervening.  Last  year  2, 000 
tons  of  salt  was  wagoned  from  this  marsh  to 
Cherry  Creek,  Ward,  Pioche  and  Hamilton  for 
use  in  reducing  ores.  It  is  worth  $13  at  the 
marsh  and  $20  at  Cherry  Creek,  the  nearest 
camp.  The  property  is  owned  by  the  Solar 
Salt  Co.,  composed  of  Judge  Riley,  M.  J. 
O'Connor,  John  O'Dougherty  and  William 
Barry.  One  contract  made  last  fall  to  supply 
this  salt  at  Ward  amounted  to  the  neat  little 
sum  of  $35,000.  In  coUecting  the  salt  7  white 
men  and  13  Indians  are  employed.  It  costs  $2 
per  ton  to  put  it  on  wagons.  The  process  of 
gathering  it  is  to  use  little  hand  scrapers  to  col- 
lect it  in  piles,  from  which  it  is  shoveled  into 
dummy  cars  that  run  on  a  temporary  track  laid 
to  solid  ground,  where  it  is  transferred  into 
wagons  for  shipment  to  the  mining  camps. 


New  Mode  of  Treating  Caoutchouc.  —To 
make  caoutchouc  indifferent  to  the  action  of 
oils  and  fats  without  impairing  the  other  prop- 
erties of  vulcanized  rubber,  the  following  method 
is  employed  at  the  works  of  C.  Schwanitz,  Jr., 
at  Berlin:  The  caoutchouc  is  worked  by  heated 
rollers  together  with  a  mixture  of  six  pounds  of 
prepared  chalk,  one  pound  of  glycerine  of  1.23 
sp.  grains,  one  and  two-thirds  ounces  of  litharge, 
and  three  and  one-fifth  ounces  of  sulphur.  For 
vulcanizing  the  mass  or  the  article  formed 
thereof  is  placed  in  a  bath  of  glycerine,  and  ex- 
posed to  a  steam  pressure  of  from  two  to  three 
atmospheres. — Deutsche  Gewerbe  Zeitung. 


Glycerine  in  Food.— Catillon,  a  French 
physiologist,  found  that  the  addition  of  from 
seven  to  eight  grains  of  glycerine  to  the  daily 
ration  of  a  lot  of  Guinea  pigs  increased  the  effect 
of  their  food  so  that  they  gained  from  one-tenth 
to  one-fifth  of  their  weight  in  a  given  time, 
while  a  second  lot  fed  on  the  same  ration,  but 
without  glycerine,  gained  nothing;  when  the 
dose  of  glycerine  was  changed  to  the  second  lot 
they  gained  in  weight,  and  the  first  lot  gained 
nothing.  Large  doses  of  glycerine,  however, 
cause  derangement  of  the  digestive  organs. 


Copper  vs.  Silver. 


Which   Can  be  Mined  and  Worked  mosta 
Profitably? 

In  reference  to  my  communication  of  January 
16th,  the  following  estimates  will  show  what 
may  be  done  by  working  the  copper  ores  of  this 
southern  portion  of  the  Territory;  and  it  is 
really  inexplicable,  with  such  facts  staring 
them  in  the  face,  that  capitalists  should  persist- 
ently ignore  copper  and  confine  their  operations 
to  the  more  risky,  though  attractive,  mining 
(and  speculation)  in  gold  and  silver  properties. 
Even  our  usually  wide-awake  prospectors  ap- 
parently fail  to  perceive  that  copper  ore  assay- 
ing 25%  is  worth  $75  per  ton,  and  is  free  from 
the  drawbacks  attending  silver  in  the  shape  of 
a  depreciated  standard,  imperfect  reduction,  in- 
volving a  loss  of  (say)  25%,  besides  loss  of  mer- 
cury, high  rate  of  expressage,  etc. 

While  ores  as  low  as  8%  may  be  worked  by 
the  Hunt  &  Douglas  system,  the  high  grades 
may  be  smelted,  preferably,  in  water-jacket, 
copper-plated,  or  other  improved  furnaces,  01 
even  shipped  in  the  crude  state  when  exceeding 
50%- 

It  should  also  be  borne  in  mind  that  copper 
mines  are  not,  as  a  rule,  bo  liable  to  give  out  as 
those  of  silver  or  gold,  while  the  metal  is  equally 
marketable.  Its  price  also  being  now  at  a  mini- 
mum, the  probabilities  are  greatly  in  favor  of  a 
rise  ere  long. 

High-grade  magnetic  and  hematite  iron  ores 
are  found  in  the  vicinity  of  many  of  our  rich 
copper  districts — often  in  immediate  proximity 
with  the  copper  mines  themselves — which  will 
furnish  the  material  for  producing  the  Bpongy 
iron  required,  in  the  absence  of  scrap  iron,  to 
precipitate  the  copper. 

Estimate  of  capital  required  to  purchase  cop- 
per mines,  erect  plant,  and  work  20  tons  of  ore 
per  day,  by  wet  process: 

PLANT. 

For  Copper- 
Pulverizer §  2,000 

Furnace  (roasting) 2,500 

Tanks 3,000 

Engine  and  boiler 6,000 

Pumps  and  other  small  appliancea 1,000 

Buildings \..  1,000 

Refining:  furnace r. .  1,500 

Hunt  &  Douglas' royalty 1,000 

Office  and  assay  fittings 500 

For  Sponge  Iron- 
Crusher  ;.  2,000 

Frue'a  concentrator . .  1,000 

Retorts 1,500 

Receivers,  etc 500 

Buildings 500 

Total 823,000 

WORKING   EXPENSES— FER   BAY. 

Labor — 

Superintendent 3  20.00 

Assayer  and  clerk 10.00 

Foreman 8.00 

Two  engineers 10.00 

Two  assistants 6.00 

Two  grinders 6.00 

Four  roasters 12.00 

Four  smelters.., 12.00 

Eigrht  tank  men 24.00 

Material — 

Salt,  3,500  pounds 87.50 

Iron,  7,500  pounds 187.50 

Wood,  10  cords '  50.00 

Candles,  oil,  wear  and  tear,  etc 20.00 

Miscellaneous — 

Mining  20  tons  per  day 40.00 

Hauling 100.00 

Freight  on  5  tons  of  copper  to  San  Francisco, 
New  York,  or  Liverpool,  via  Gulf  of  Cali- 
fornia   250.00 

Daily  disbursements S   843.00 

Five  tons  copper 1,500.00 

Daily  profits §    657.00 

Or  $32. 85  profit  per  ton  of  ore. 

CAPITAL  REQUIRED. 

To  buy  copper  mines  (Bay) $25,000 

Erect  plant 23,000 

Opening  mines,  road-making,  and  other  prelimi- 
nary expenses 16,740 

First  month's  expenses 25,260 

Total §90,000 


On  12  months'  working , §125,652 

Deduct  for  contingencies,  50% 61,! 


Net  annual  profit S    61,827 

Which,  on  an  outlay  of  $90,000,  is  68.7%  per 
annum. 

Advantages  of  Copper  over  Silver  Mining. 
Silver  is  not  being  worked  beyond  70%  or 
80%  of  its  assay  value,  and  when  obtained  has 
to  be  sold  at  a  discount  of  20%,  and  pays  in  ex- 
press changes  and  commissions  another  5% — 
making  a  total  deduction  of  (say)  50%  from 
assay  certificate — in  addition  to  mining  and  re- 
duction charges. 

EXAMPLE— ASSAY  VALUE,  $100  PBR  TON. 

Mining  (say) $  2.00 

Hauling 5.00 

Reduction 30.00 

Loss  in  reduction 25.00 

Discount  (20%) 15.00 

Expressage,  etc.  (5%) ».v- 3.75 

Total 380.75 

Leaving  a  profit  of  §19.25  per  ton  of  ore. 

Copper,  on  the  other  hand,  can  be  worked  to 
is%  of  its  assay  value,  and  is  sold  at  its  full  mar- 
ket price  without  discount,  paying  ordinary 
merchandise  freightage,  being  unattended  with 
risk  of  robbery. 

Example — Assay  value,  as  above  estimates  on 
25%  ore,  $75  per  ton;  mining,  hauling,  reduc- 
tion, add  freight  to  market,  $42.15— leaving  a 
profit  of  $32.85  per  ton  (43.80%),  or  more  than 
double  the  profit  obtainable  from  silver  ores  of 
same  assay  value.  —  W.  -T,  Richard,  F.  C.  S, 
Arizona  Star, 


Birds  of  the  Colorado  Valley. 

A  recent  government  publication  of  much 
value  to  the  agricultural  interest,  as  well  as  to 
ornithological  science,  is  entitled  "  Birds  of  the 
Colorado  Valley,"  by  Elliott  Coues,  of  the  staff 
of  the  Hay  den  Survey.  This  work  is  designed 
as  complementary  to  the  author's  former  treatise, 
"  Birds  of  the  Northwest,  "  and  is  marked  by 
the  same  thoroughness  of  execution  and  accuracy 
of  detail  characterising  his  many  previous 
works,  and  must  prove  one  of  the  most  useful 
as  well  as  popular  contributions  to  American" 
ornithological  science.  In  perusing  the  volume 
it  is  evident  that  the  author's  purpose  of  so 
divesting  the  biographical  portion  of  technicality 
as  to  meet  the  tastes  and  wants  of  the  general 
public  has  been  fully  obtained.  Dr.  Coues, 
when  he  chooses  to  relax  from  the  rigidity  of 
purely  scientific  style,  possesses  a  happy  faculty 
of  combining  a  scientific  and  pleasantly  popular 
element  in  his  writings,  and  no  one  can  depict 
bird  life  with  more  vivacity  and  truthfulness 
than  he.  Often  the  reader  will  find  it  impos- 
sible to  repress  a  smile  in  contemplating  the 
serio-comic  truthfulness  of  his  application  of 
human  motives  and  characteristics  to  the  birds, 
which,  if  lie  be  at  all  familiar  with  them,  will 
appeal  forcibly  to  his  own,  perhaps  unconsciously 
received  impressions. 

As  implied  in  the  title,  most  of  the  biograph- 
ical portion  of  the  work  is  limited  to  those 
species  inhabiting  that  region  drained  by  the 
Colorado  river  of  the  West  and  its  tributaries, 
including  Arizona,  much  of  New  Mexico, 
Utah  and  Nevada,  a  part  of  the  State  of  Colora- 
do, and  some  of  southern  California.  All  other 
species,  however,  known  to  occur  within  the 
limits  of  the  United  States  are  synonomatically 
and  descriptively  treated,  truly  rendering  the 
work  "a  repository  of  scientific  and  popular  ' 
information  concerning  North  America  ornitho- 
logy." 

Of  each  species  the  synonym  is  exhaustively 
presented;  this  being  followed  by  a  complete 
external  description,  including  sexual  and  sea- 
sonal plumage  variation,  preceded  by  a  concise 
enumeration  in  Latin  of  diagnostic  characters. 
The  latter  portion  of  the  volume  is  devoted  to  a 
'.'Bibliographical  Appendix,"  or  list  of  publica- 
tions relating  to  North  American  ornithology, 
and  is  unique  in  point  of  thoroughness  and 
mode  of  execution.  It  is  really  but  an  instal- 
ment of  a  general  bibliography  of  the  ornitho- 
logy of  the  world  upon  which  the  author  has 
long  been  engaged,  and  consists  of  the  "titles 
and  digests  of  works  and  papers  relating  solely 
to  the  birds  of  North  4merica  indiscriminately, 
collectively  or  in  general,"  and  must  prove  an 
invaluable  source  of  assistance  to  future  workers 
in  this  field.  Indeed,  to  the  general  reader  it 
possesses  a  peculiar  interest  as  showing  the 
rapid  progress  of  this  branch  of  science,  from 
the  imperfect  allusion  to  our  most  abundant 
and  familiar  birds  in  publications  of  the  seven- 
teenth century,  to  the  elaborate  and  comprehen- 
sive treatises  on  the  subject  of  the  present  day. 
The  "Birds  of  the  Colorado  Valley"  being  a 
government  publication  is  not  for  sale,  but  can 
perhaps  be  obtained  through  Congressmen  or 
consulted  in  the  public  libraries.  It  will  please 
all  who  have  a  taste  for  bird  studies. 


Sinking  Rivers. — All  of  the  principal  and 
many  of  the  smaller  streams  in  Nevada  have  no 
visible  outlet.  The  larger  rivers  all  terminate 
in  lakes  of  very  considerable  area,  respectively. 
The  most  singular  thing  is  that  the  water 
supply  in  these  lakes  is  at  all  times  the  same. 
The  spring  freshets,  filling  the  rivers  from  bank 
to  bank  work  no  perceptible  change  in  these 
great  reservoirs.  What  becomes  of  all  this 
water  is  the  mystery.  It  has  been  the  generally 
accepted  theory  that  there  exists  a  subterranean 
connection  between  the  Nevada  "sinks"  and 
the  Pacific  ocean.  But  this  theory  is  now 
disputed  by  a  gentleman  who  has  resided  on 
the  shores  of  Humboldt  lake  for  years.  The 
Silver  Sta'e  has  the  following  on  the  subject: 
A  great  many  persons  entertain  the  opinion 
that  there  is  a  subterranean  outlet  to  the  sink  of 
the  Humboldt.  One  of  these  expressed  his  views 
on  thesubject  in  thepresence  of  Walter  Schmidt, 
who  has  resided  near  the  sink  for  several  years, 
and  built  a  quartz  mill  near  the  visible  outlet  of 
the  lake.  Schmidt  dissented  from  this  opinion, 
and  argued  that  as  the  sink  has  a  hard,  clayey 
bottom,  impervious  to  water,  it  would  be  im- 
possible for  it  to  soak  through  underground, 
and  attributed  the  disappearance  ot  the 
river  to  evaporation.  "This,"  said  Mr 
Schmidt,  "is  so  great  in  the  summer  time  that 
a  wooden  bucket  filled  with  water  in  the  morn- 
ing would  be  empty  by  noon,  and  would  fall  to 
pieces  before  night." — Eureka  Sentinel. 


Eastern  Money  and  Western  Mines. — 
Now  that  there  are  no  more  four  per  cent. 
Government  bonds  to  be  bought  without  pay  - 
ing  therefor  a  round  premium,  it  may  be  ex- 
pected that  Eastern  capital  will  flow  towards 
this  way  for  investment.  There  is  much 
idle  money  in  the  older  communities,  and  as 
this  must  soon  find  employment  somewhere,  it 
is  reasonable  to  suppose  that  a  good  share  of  it 
will  be  embarked  in  mining  enterprises  on  this 
coast.  As  the  scare  over  our  new  Constitution 
subsides,  the  purpose  before  entertained  among 
Eastern  capitalists  to  become  largely  interested 
I  in  our  mines,  grows  strong  again. 


May  24,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


Automatic  Machinery. 

We  give  the  following  for  what  it  is  worth. 
We  place  very  little  continence,  however,  in  the 
story,  notwithstanding  the  very  respectable 
authority  from  which  it  purports  to  emanate. 
There  is  evidently  some  mistake  or  deception  in 
the  matter.  We  quote  from  the  Loudon  FFare- 
<n  and  Draper's  Journal: 

"In  our  issue  of  the  15th  ultimo  we  wore 
enabled  to  give  particulars  respecting  some 
newly  invented  machinery  now  in  operation  at 
the  Oak  mills,  near  Low  Moor,  in  the  immediate 
Sanity  of  Bradford.  The  most  important  part 
of  the  announcement  was  that  the  machinery 
had  been  constructed  to  run  all  night  without 
attendance  or  supervision,  and  was  actually  do- 
ing so,  producing  the  whole  time,  and  with  un- 
failing regularity,  a  variety  of  articles  for  which 
the  mills  are  ho  well  known.  The  statement 
was  very  naturally  regarded  by  many  persona 
as  a  hoax.  If  correct,  it  would  bring  about, 
they  said,  a  complete  revolution  in  the  art  of 
manufacturing,  but  it  could  not  possibly  be 
true,  and  there  was  no  use  in  discussing  the 
matter.  We  are  now  able  to  bear  personal  tes- 
timony to  the  accuracy  of  the  announcement. 
We  have  visited  the  Oak  mills  by  night,  in 
company  with  Mr.  Biuns  and  a  friend.  The 
building  itself  was  in  darkness,  but  we  could 
mur  the  rumble  of  machinery  as  we  approached. 
The  door  was  unlocked,  and  a  couple  of  candles 
were  lighted.  By  the  dim  light  we  saw  the 
machines  all  at  work,  and  passing  from  one  to 
another  we  noted  also  what  they  were  produc- 
ing. There  was  no  possibility  of  deception  and 
no  room  for  doubt.  We  were  not  there  to  ex- 
amine the  construction  of  the  machinery;  it 
was  sufficient  to  be  able  to  verify  the  main  fact, 
which  is,  that  when  the  working  hours  at  the 
mills  are  over,  the  lights  are  put  out,  the  build- 
ing is  locked  up,  and  the  machines  are  left 
working  all  through  the  night,  producing  large 
quantities  of  beautiful  articles  in  great  variety 
of  pattern  in  silk,  cotton  and  wool.  Coming 
out  of  the  mills  and  locking  the  doors  behind 
OS,  we  next  visited  the  engine-room,  which  is 
in  an  adjoining  building,  completely  cut  off  from 
the  mills,  aud  communicating  with  them  only 
by  a  hole  in  the  wall,  through  which  the  driv- 
ing-wheel passes.  The  engine  and  boiler  re- 
quiring attention  throughout  the  24  hours,  the 
engineer  is  relieved  by  a  night  attendant,  who 
takes  his  place  at  the  close  of  the  day." 

A  Costly  Iron  Fence.— Probably  the  finest 
iron  fence  on  this  coast  has  recently  been  erected 
just  out  of  Oakland,  in  front  of  the  residence  of 
Mr.  R.  R.  Thompson.  His  grounds  have  a 
frontage  of  310  feet,  along  which  the  owners  re- 
solved to  put  up  a  fence  which  would  stand  for 
centuries  as  a  bar  to  trespassage.  The  archi- 
tect employed  was  Mr.  C.  H.  Foster,  of  Ala- 
meda, who  employed  Messrs.  Frauneder&Morck 
to  carry  out  the  plans,  which  are  described  by 
the  Oakland  Times,  as  follows:  A  deep  trencfe 
was  dug  for  the  foundation,  and  23,000  bricks 
were  used  in  preparing  for  the  iron  coping.  The 
posts  are  of  iron,  securely  anchored  deep  in  the 
ground  and  held  in  the  wall  by  a  heavy  iron  col- 
lar. They  are  over  seven  feet  in  hight,  and  am- 
ple spaces  are  left  for  a  free  circulation  of  air. 
The  pickets  are  heavy  bars  of  wrought-iron, 
seven-eighths  of  an  inch  square,  surmounted  by 
an  ornamental  cast-iron  point.  The  longest 
pickets  are  four  feet  and  ten  inches,  held  in  place 
by  three  heavy  wrought-iron  stringers,  and.  the 
alternate  pickets  are  three  feet  and  two  inches 
in  length,  held  in  place  by  the  two  lower  string- 
ers. The  posts  of  the  great  gate,  in  the  center, 
are  22  feet  high,  including  the  gas  lamps  that 
■ornament  their  tops.  These  posts  are  held  to- 
jgether  by  an  arch  of  wrought-iron,  consisting 
lof  scroll  and  ornamental  work,  every  piece  ham- 
jmered  out  on  the  anvil  of  Frauneder  &  Morck. 
[The  gate  postB,  cast  in  pieces  and  fastened  to- 
jgether  in  the  most  substantial  manner,  are  hol- 
jlow,  and  a  large  rose  bush,  trained  through  the 
jopenings  on  each  side,  passes  up  the  post  and 
[along  the  arch  to  the  center.  Forty  thousand 
[pounds  of  iron  were  used  in  building  this  fence, 
Jthe  total  cost  of  which  will  be  about  $6,000. 
(It  will  be  finished  iu  imitation  of  bronze.  It  is 
a  great  credit  to  the  Oakland  establishment  that 
Jproduced  this  splendid  piece  of  work. 

I  Interesting  Figures. — Some  interesting  fig- 
lures  in  regard  to  the  life  of  rolling  stock  and 
I  superstructures  have  been  compiled  by  the  llli- 
jnois  railroad  commissioners,  from  the  returns  of 
J26  roads  reporting  on  the  subject.  They  show 
(the  following  general  average  of  duration:  Lo- 
comotives, 15^  years;  passenger  cars,  15|  years; 
stock  cars,  10  years;  freight  cars,  11£  years; 
iron  rails,  7  years;  steel  rails,  14  years;  oak  ties, 
7  years;  pine  ties,  4|  years;  cedar  ties,  5£  years; 
[truss  bridges,  9 -J  years;  trestle  bridges,  8  years; 
[pile  bridges,  9  years;  joints  and  fastenings,  7 
lyears;  and  fencing,  8£  years.  The  Toledo,  Pe- 
oria &  Warsaw  road  gives  the  life  of  locomotives 
at  8  years,  and  of  passenger  cars  at  15,  while 
the  Michigan  Central  gives  locomotives  24,  and 
passenger  cars  20  years  of  life.  Only  one  other 
road  puts  the  life  of  passenger  cars  at  20  years. 
The  lowest  reported  life  rate  of  passenger  cars 
is  8  years.  The  shortest  life  of  iron  rails  is  3 
years;  the  longest  12.  Four  roads  give  10  years. 
Only  four  roads  report  the  life  of  steel  rails,  and 
they  give  it  as  9,  12,  15  and  20  years  respec- 
tively. The  reported  life  of  truss  bridges  ranges 
from  5  to  20  years;  of  trestle,  from  5£  to  10;  of 
pile  from  6  to  12;  of  fencing  from  5  to  10. 


331 


i 


The  Keely  Motor  on  a  New  Tack. 

Mr.  Keely  has  made,  what  he  calls,  another 
advanoe  in  his  "motor,"  His  former  gene- 
rator, which  cost  him  some  $00,000,  has  been 
thrown  aside  as  worthless,  and  replaced  with  a 
now  and  entirely  different  machine,  which  he 
calls  a  "vibratory  engine. "  He  has  aUore-chris- 
toned  his  new  "cold  vapor,"  as  he  has  hereto- 
fore nailed  tht  substance  which  he  proposes  as  a 
substitute  for  steam,  and  now  calls  it  an  "inter- 
molecular  etheric  substance,"  a  name  less  open 
to  scientific  objection. 

He  still,  however,  claims  to  obtain  a  pressure 
of  20,000  pounds  to  tho  square  inch,  by  simply 
using  a  little  water,  moving  a  short  lever  and 
opening  a  four-way  valve,  by  which  his  "inter- 
molecular  etheric  substance"  is  isolated  and  con- 
tjnedj  but  he  does  not  tell  us  upon  what  prin- 
ciple this  othcrial  substance,  which,  in  its 
normal  condition,  is  so  alternated  as  to  pervade 
all  nature,  can  bo  so  confined  as  not  to  pass 
readily  through  the  pores  of  iron,  which  admit 
quite  a  free  passage  to  many  of  the  advancing 
gases,  aud  through  which  even  water  will  pass 
under  tho  pressure  sometimes  given  to  tho 
hydraulic  jack. 

In  Mr.  Kecly's  new  departure,  however,  he 
has  abandoned  the  idea  of  "pressure"  and  em- 
ploys, as  already  Btated,  a  "vibratory"  engine, 
which  is  described  as  follows  : 

Its  main  part  consists  of  a  steel  disk,  about 
30  inches  in  diameter,  having  a  shaft  passing 
through  it.  The  disk  is  intended  to  revolve  in 
a  vertical  plane.  Projecting  from  the  disk  at 
right  angles  to  it  and  near  its  periphery  are  a 
series  of  288  steel  pins  about  one-eighth  of  an 
inch  in  diameter  and  varying  in  length  from 
about  five  iuches  to  two  and  one-half  inches, 
these  pins  being  highly  vibratory.  The  disk  is 
surrounded  with  a  cast-iron  casing  resting  on  a 
cast-iron  bed-plate,  uuderneath  which  are  some 
steel  disks  that  are  also  highly  vibratory.  The 
function  of  the  steel  pins  is,  according  to  Mr. 
Keely's  explanation,  to  intensify  the  vibration 
of  the  inter-molecular  etheric  substance,  pro- 
ducing "a  rotary  or  vertical  circle  of  vibration," 
which  circle  of  vibration  runs  the  engine.  By 
this  device  Mr.  Keely  says  he  has  succeeded 
in  harnessing  the  power  of  vibration,  hitherto, 
except  in  music,  known  only  as  a  destructive 
power,  against  which  engineers  had  to  guard 
with  the  greatest  care. 
__  Probably  the  most  wonderful  thing  Mr. 
Keely  has  yet  done,  or  will  ever  do,  is  to  so 
completely  hoodwink  certain  capitalists  as  to 
continue  to  draw  money  from  their  pockets  to 
carry  on  his  useless  and  visionary  schemes. 

The  First  Steel  Bridge  in  America. — Ar- 
rangements have  been  concluded  by  Gen.  D. 
D.  Smith,  chief  engineer  of  the  Chicago  &  Alton 
railway,  for  constructing  the  first  all-steel  bridge 
in  America.  Gen.  Smith  will  be  remembered 
by  his  connection  with  the  United  States  Gov- 
ernment Board  for  Testing  the  Strength  of  Iron 
and  Steel,  experiments  which  were  carried  on 
by  him  several  years  ago.  His  researches  have 
at  last  brought  him  to  the  conclusion  that  steel 
bridges  can  be  built  cheaper  than  iron,  and  be 
equal  in  durability.  The  bridge  will  be  erected 
over  the  Missouri  river  on  the  Chicago  &  Alton 
railway.  It  will  be  of  five  spans  of  350  feet 
each.  The  elevation  over  high-water  mark  will 
not  be  less  than  80  feet,  at  which  hight  the 
light  steel  rods  of  the  "Howe  truss"  will  look 
like  silver  cobweds,  glimmering  in  the  sunshine. 
For  all  its  frail  appearance,  the  bridge  will  have 
a  strength  reached  by  but  few  existing  struc- 
tures in  the  world.  The  total  amount  of  steel 
used  in  the  construction  will  be  about  1,500. 
tons,  equivalent  to  almost  double  that  quantity 
of  iron. — American  Journal  of  Industry, 

Different  Methods  of  Working. — A  good 
illustration  of  the  different  methods  by  which 
mechanical  and  engineering  work  is  sometimes 
done  may  be  found  in  the  history  of  the  trans- 
portation and  setting  up  in  London  and  Paris  re- 
spectively, of  the  two  Egyptian  obelisks,  Cleo- 
patra's Needle  and  the  obelisk  of  Luxor.  In 
erecting  the  obelisk  of  Luxor  more  than  200 
men  and  a  very  complicated  mass  of  machinery 
were  required.  Only  25  men  and  very  simple 
apparatus  were  used  in  erecting  Cleopatra's 
Needle  upon  the  Thames  embankment.  The 
transport  and  erection  of  the  obelisk  of  Luxor 
cost  the  French  government  nearly  $75,000; 
while  the  expenses  for  the  same  operations  upon 
Cleopatra's  Needle  only  reached  about  one-fourth 
of  that  amount.  This  difference  is  altogether 
out  of  proportion  to  the  difference  in  weight  and 
and  dimensions  of  the  two  masses.  Cleopatra's 
Needle  weighs  186  tons  and  is  65.5  feet  in  hight; 
the  obelisk  of  Luxor  weighs  225.9  tons  and  is 
74.9  feet  in  hight. 

An  Improved  Knitting  Machine.  — The 
English  correspondent  of  the  Iron  Age  writes 
in  regard  to  a  new  American  knitting  machine, 
as  follows  :  I  heard  the  other  day,  of  a  wonder- 
ful American  machine  which  has  just  been  in- 
troduced into  this  country  for  knitting  purposes. 
It  is  now  at  Nottingham,  and  is  said  to  t>e  of 
such  an  amazing  kind  that  the  finest  weaving 
machine  is  a  "mere  fool  to  it."  Some  of  the 
Lancashire  manufacturers  at  Bury  and  elsewhere 
are  not  unlikely  to  adopt  it  for  hat  making,  and 
a  variety  of  other  purposes.  It  has  42  needles — 
or  may  have  10,000  if  need  be — and  may  be 
readily  run  at  160  revolutions  per  minute.  It 
is  the  invention  of  a  Scotchman,  who  has  spent 
14  years  in  perfecting  it.  He  offered  it  first  in 
England,  but  could  not  obtain  a  purchaser.  He 
then  went  to  the  United  States,  where  its  merits 
were  speedily  recognized  and  appreciated. 
Having  sufficiently  protected  his  machine  by 


patents,  he  is  back  again  in  England,  and  is  said 
to  be  about  to  sell  his  rights  to  a  wealthy  com- 
pany. 

Ak  English  Woekmaw  ...  Vmkrigah  Nails. 
An  English  workman  thus  testifies  in  the  Eng- 
lish Mtchank  to  the  gm.»d  quality  of  American 
wares:  But  I  speak  of  things  which  I  know  thor- 
oughly well,  when  I  say  that  in  very  many 
things  our  manufactures  are  not  fit  to  be  shown 
in  the  same  street  with  American  ones;  and  tins 
is  not  merely  in  knick-knacks  or  little  u 
ties,  as  to  which  it  is  tolerably  evident  we  have 
no  pretension  to  enter  into  any  comparison.  I 
only  invite  anyone  who  doubts  my  statement  to 
compare  such  a  rough  common  matter  as  "cut 
nails."  Our  rubbish,  with  half  of  them  split 
up,  which  tends  to  turn  round  in  the  wood  aud 
split  it,  and  with  conical  beads,  look  very  poor 
against  tho  straight,  clean  nails,  with  well- 
formed  heads,  which  the  Am  rioans  used  to  send 
out  to  Australia,  and  which  when  I  had  once 
seen  them,  prevented  me  from  ever  buying  an 
English  nail  again  as  long  as  I  could  get  the 
American  ones. 


Demand  for  Railroad  Iron. — A  French 
writer  estimates  that  4,000,000  rails  are  re- 
quired every  year  to  renew  the  worn  out  stock 
on  the  railways  of  the  world  already  in  opera- 
tion, besides  what  are  needed  to  lay  down  new 
roads.  The  average  wear  of  a  rail  is  10  years. 
The  rolling  mills  of  the  United  States  have  a 
capacity  of  nearly  2,000,000  tons,  though  our 
consumption  of  rails,  including  imports,  is  not 
half  that  amount. 


A  New  Blasting  Compound, 

A  new  blasting  compound,  composed  of  gun 
cotton  and  nitrate  of  baryta,  and  invented  by 
Mr.  J.  E.  Huetter,  is  now  in  extensive  use  in 
Germany  and  England.  It  is  especially  recom- 
mended for  mining  purposes,  as  no  smoke  nor 
dangerous  gaseB  are  generated  by  its  explosion. 

Moist  gun  cotton  is  passed  between  a  series 
of  rollers,  by  which  it  is  compressed  so  as  to 
form  hard,  moist  lumps.  In  order  to  obtain  it 
in  the  form  of  powder,  it  is  now  passed  through 
a  mill.  The  powder  is,  in  conical  vats,  mixed 
with  water  containing  a  little  ammonia  and 
caustic  soda,  so  as  to  form  a  thin  paste. 
Through  the  bottom  of  the  vat  a  current  of  air 
is  introduced,  keeping  the  entire  mass  in  con- 
stant motion.  At  the  same  time  the  tempera- 
ture is  raised  to  236°  Fahr.  by  means  of  steam 
passed  through  the  mass.  After  the  lapse  of 
three  hours  the  gun  cotton  has  attained  a  suffi- 
cient degree  of  purity.  It  is  now  well  washed 
with  pure  water,  and  is  now  ready  for  mixing 
with  the  nitrate  of  baryta.  The  latter  salt  hap, 
after  protracted  trials,  been  found  to  be  the 
most  suitable  of  all  nitrates  for  this  purpose,  as 
it  does  not  only  give  rise  to  a  minimum  of 
smoke,  but  also  permits  the  development  of  the 
practically  greatest  force  within  the  smallest 
space.  The  materials  are  mixed  in  equal  pro- 
portions. The  gun  cotton  is  previously  dried  in 
a  centrifugal  apparatus,  and  is  then  passed 
through  a  mill  together  with  the  nitrate.  The 
powder  obtained  is  now  pressed  into  cartridges. 
The  cartridge  press  consists  of  a  horizontal  iron 
plate  revolving  around  a  vertical  shaft.  The 
plate  is  two  feet  in  diameter,  and  into  its  upper 
surface  are  sunk  round  holes  corresponding  in 
size  to  the  cartridges.  The  holes  being  filled 
with  the  powder,  the  latter  is  compressed  by 
pistons  fitting  closely  into  the  holes.  The  pis- 
tons are  provided  with  short,  thin  stems  ex- 
tending into  the  center  of  the  compressed  mass, 
and  forming  the  cavities  for  taking  up  the  fuse. 
The  cakes  are  now  exposed  to  a  current  of  hot 
air  until  they  are  hardened  sufficiently.  They 
are  covered  with  several  layers  of  thick  paper, 
dipped  into  melted  paraffine  to  protect  them 
against  the  effects  of  moisture,  and  packed  for 
shipment, — Chemiker  Zeitung, 

A  Curious  Property  of  Heat. — Mr.  C.  J. 
Henderson  has  been  conducting  some  experi- 
ments lately  in  Edinburgh  with  a  view  of  find- 
ing out  what  is  the  most  economical  way  of 
heating  a  public  hall,  and  has  decided  that  the 
best  results  are  to  be  obtained  by  using  an  accu- 
mulator or  stove-room,  where  the  heat,  gener- 
ated by  any  means  whatsoever,  is  collected,  and 
from  which  it  is  discharged  through  one  opening 
about  three  or  four  feet  square  and  seven  or 
eight  feet  from  the  floor.  The  experiments  un- 
expectedly exhibited  with  what  instantaneous- 
ness  and  equality  heat  is  transmitted  through 
space  independent  of  the  direction  in  which  the 
entering  heated  air  is  moving;  four  thermometers 
were  placed  at  the  same  height  on  each  of  the 
four  walls  of  the  hall  which  was  to  be  heated, 
and  it  was  found  that  just  as  the  heated  air 
entered  from  the  stove-room  so  the  mercury  in 
the  several  thermometers  rose,  whether  they 
were  hung  on  the  same  wall  in  which  was  the 
opening  to  the  stove-room,  or  on  the  north  wall, 
50  feet  away. — Scientific  American. 

Absorption  os  Water  by  Wood. — E.  J. 
Maumene  finds  that  the  absorption  power  varies 
in  different  woods,  when  dried  in  a  vacuum, 
between  9.37%  and  174.86%.  The  maximum, 
174.86%,  or  seven-fourths  of  its  own  weight,  is 
found  in  chestnut  timber.  The  moisture  con- 
tained in  wood,  in  its  ordinary  state,  varies  be- 
tween 4.61%  and  13.56%.  The  absorption 
power  varies  but  little  in  different  samples  of 
the  same  wood. — Les  Mondes, 


The  Velocity  of  Light 

There  are  now  in  progress  at  the  Naval  Acad- 
emy,  Annapolis,  preparations  for  a  Bcioutitio  in- 
vestigation  of  an  interesting  character.  EnBign 
A.  A.  Mitchi-lson,  U.  S.  N.,  having  delivered  a 
lecture  upon  "  Light"  before  the  association  of 
scientists,  made'  iu  preparation  for  it  a  series  of 
ations  that  induced  him  to  believe  that 
he  could  determine  more  accurately  than  is  now 
known  the  velocity  with  which  light  travels, 
the  two  accepted  computations  differing  about 
■  thousand  miles  in  the  distance  asserted  to  be 
traveled  in  a  second.  Under  orders  from  the 
Navy  Department,  Mitohelson  has  erected  tho 
apparatus  to  determine   bis  theory  practically. 

The  plan  is  essentially  that  used" by  Foucault, 
with  the  exception  that  a  lens  of  great  focal 
length,  and  a  plane  mirror,  are  used  instead  of 
a  concave  one.  This  arrangement  permits  the 
use  of  a  considerable  distance,  and  consequently 
gives  a  longer  interval  of  time,  which  insures 
greater  accuracy.  The  displacement  of  the 
image  of  a  elit  is  the  quantity  to  be  meas- 
ured, and  this  in  Foucault's  experiments  was 
a  fraction  of  a  millimeter,  and  in  the  veloc^ 
ity  of  light  could  not  be  determined  with  any 
greater  accuracy  than  could  this  displacement, 
which  would  be  a  fraction  of  one  per  cent.  In 
the  experiments  made  by  Mitchelson  tho  dis- 
placement has  been  increased  to  over  100  milli- 
meters ;  hence  the  error  introduced  by  this 
measurement  would  be  less  than  one-thousandth 
of  the  whole,  or  less  than  20  miles. 

Another,  though  not  an  essential  feature,  is 
the  use  of  a  tuning  fork,  bearing  a  mirror  on 
one  prong,  and  kept  in  motion  by  a  current  of 
electricity,  by  means  of  which  the  speed  of  the 
revolving  mirror  can  be  ascertained  with  the 
same  degree  of  precision.  The  mirror  is  put  in 
motion  by  a  blast  of  air  furnished  by  a  small 
rotary  blower,  which  is  driven  by  a  steam  en- 
gine. By  this  means  a  very  steady  speed  is 
maintained.  The  entire  apparatus  is  nearly 
finished,  and  in  a  short  time  observations  will 
be  commenced  at  Annapolis. — Journal  of  the 
Franklin  Institute. 


Do  Gold  ft  uggets  G now  ? — A  startling 
theory  has  been  advanced  by  Mr.  G.  Attwood, 
in  a  paper  read  before  the  Chemical  Society  of 
England,  which  will  make  experienced  Cali- 
fornia miners  shake  their  heads.  Mr.  Attwood 
asks,  do  gold  nuggets  grow  ?  and  answers  by  as- 
suming that  they  do,  owing  to  the  accumula- 
tion of  fresh  particles  of  finely  precipitated  gold. 
At  Guayana,  Venezuela,  a  large  area  of  alluvial 
soil  has  been  found  to  contain  gold,  and  nuggets 
up  to  25  ounces  have  been  discovered  within 
three  feet  of  the  surface.  Quite  one-half  of 
these  nuggets  are  covered  with  a  dark-brown 
substance  "resembling  a  silicate  of  iron."  By 
treating  such  a  nugget  with  hydrochloric  acid 
and  caustic  soda,  it  was  found  to  be  diminished 
considerably  in  weight.  During  this  dissolving 
process  much  gold,  in  a  finely  divided  state,  be- 
came attached,  and  after  the  treatment  the  nug- 
get was  partly  covered  with  a  coating  of  finely 
divided  gold  of  dull  color. 

New  Voltaic  Battery. — M.  A.  Heraud  uses 
chlorohydrate  of  ammonia  and  calomel.  When 
the  circuit  is  closed  the  chlorohydrate  of  am- 
monia, in  the  presence  of  zinc,  forms  a  chloride 
of  zinc  with  the  transference  of  ammonia  and 
hydrogen  to  the  positive  electrode.  The  hydro- 
gen reduces  the  calomel,  yielding  metallic  mer- 
cury, chlorohydric  acid,  and  consequently  chloro- 
hydrate of  ammonia.  As  long  as  there  remains 
any  of  the  calomel  about  the  positive  electrode 
the  chlorohydrate  of  ammonia  will  be  regener- 
ated. In  a  battery  of  nine  elements  the  in- 
tensity was  0.73  at  the  end  of  227  days,  and 
0.50  at  the  end  of  984  days,  the  primitive  in- 
tensity being  one.  When  compared  to  sulphate 
of  copper  the  mercury  gave  an  intensity  of 
1.4512  at  the  beginning,  and  1.0749  after  six 
months'  use. — Comptes  Rendus. 


An  Electric  Blowpipe. — M.  Jamin  remarks 
that  the  electric  arc  which  plays  between  two 
carbon  conductors  is  a  true  current.  If  sub- 
mitted to  the  influence  of  a  neighboring  cur- 
rent, of  a  solenoid,  or  of  a  magnet,  it  experi- 
ences an  action  regulated  by  the  laws  of  Ampere, 
identical  with  that  experienced  by  any  metallic 
conductor  put  in  its  place,  but  as  its  mass  is 
exceedingly  trifling  its  speed  is  considerable. 
The  author  takes  advantage  of  this  fact  to  sub- 
mit small  quantities  of  matter  to  an  intense 
heat.  By  causing  the  arc  to  be  driven  upon 
lime,  magnesia  or  zirconia,  the  light  is  directed 
downwards  and  its  intensity  is  increased  at 
least  three-fold. — Gomptes  Rendus. 

Siliciuret  of  Iron.  —  The  committee  of 
chemical  arts  of  the  French  Societe  d' Encourage- 
ment pour  1/ Industrie  Nationale  has  undertaken 
the  examination,  of  the  uses  which  can  be  made 
of  this  new  compound.  Prof.  Lawrence  Smith 
sent  them  an  ingot  weighing  about  three  kilo- 
grammes (6.6  pounds),  with  a  color  like  platina 
and  a  specific  gravity  of  6.5.  It  is  easily  broken 
by  the  hammer,  does  not  rust  in  the  air,  is  not 
corroded  by  concentrated  nitric  acid,  and 
scarcely  by  any  reagents  except  fluorhydric 
acid  and  melted  alkalies  at  a  red  heat. 


DEw.  — Mr.  George  Dines,  who  has  made  ex- 
tensive experiments  and  observations  on  the 
formation  of  dew,  finds  that  the  depth  of  de- 
posit in  England  in  an  evening  rarely  exceeds  a 
hundredth  part  of  an  inch;  and  that  the  average 
annual  depth  of  the  dew  deposited  upon  the  sur- 
face of  the  earth  does  not  exceed  an  inch  and  a 
half. 


332 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[May  24,  1879. 


Table  of  Highest  and  Lowest  Sales 
S.  F.  Stock  Exchange. 


Name  or 
Company, 


Alpha 

Alta 

Andes 

Alps 

Argenta 

Atlantic 

Aurora  Tunnel 

Baltimore  Con 

Belcher 

Belmont 

Beat  &  Belcher 

Bullion 

Bechtel 

Belle  Isle 

Bodie -••• 

Benton 

Bulwer 

Boyle 

Black  Hawk 

Belvidere 

Booker 

Caledonia 

California 

Challenge 

Chollar 

Confidence 

Con  Imperial 

Con  Virginia 

Crown  Point 

Con  "Washoe 

Champion 

Concordia 

Dayton 

"DeFrees 

Daney 

Day 

Eureka  Con 

Exchequer 

Endowment 

Gen  Thomas 

Grand  Prize 

Gila 

Golden  Chariot 

Golden  Terra 

Goodshaw 

Gould  &  Curry 

Hale  &  Norcross. . . . 

Hillside 

Highbridge 

Homestake 

Hussey 

Independence 

Julia 

Justice 

Jackson 

Joe  Scates 

KKCon 

Kentuck 

Kossuth 

Keystone 

Lady  Bryan 

Lady  Wash 

Leopard 

Leviathan 

Leeds 

Lee 

May  Belle 

Modoc 

Manhattan 

Martin  White 

McClinton 

Meadow  Valley. 

Mexican 

Mides 

Morning  Star. 

North  Con  Virginia. 

New  York 

Northern  Belle 

New  Coso 

Navajo 

Occidental 

Ophir 

Oriental 

Overman 

Panther 

Phenix 

Phil  Sheridan 

Potosi 

Prospect 

Raymond  &  Ely 

Richer 

Rock  Island 

Rye  Patch 

Rough  &  Ready. 


Seg  Belcher 

Sierra  Nevada. . . 

Silver  Hill 

Silver  King 

Silver  Prize  

Succor 

Summit 

Scorpion 

Solid  Silver 

South  Bodie 

South  Standard., 

Star 

St.  Louis 

Syndicate 

Tioga  Con 

Tiptop  

Trojan 

Union  Con 

"Utah 

Vermont  Con 

Ward 

Wells  Fargo 

Woodville 

White  Cloud 

Yellow  Jacket . . . 


Week 

Ending 
May.  1. 


Week 
Ending 

May  8. 


12    1.40 


19 
6i 
10c 

'ij  i.20 


161 1  17 
5$:  5* 
95c  1.10 


4.15 
18} 


2.80 
1.40 
~i5c 

2 

7 
3.10 

4 

li 


30c 

Si 
12J      115 

23    2.10 
35c     10c 


20c  15c 

3  2, 

4  3... 
4.15  3.70 


11J 
75c 
7 


20c 

50c 
30c 
2 
2.70 
75c 
10c 
75 
162 

l'ii 

10c 
30c 


2.10 
25c 
35c 


18       168 


2.15 
1.10 

50c 

1.95 

7} 

2; 


15       11 
1.40    1.20 

5J    3.95 


20c     10c 


135 
25c 

9"       75 
125      10} 

2j    2.15 


15c 

2i 

3.90 

3.80 

61 


70c 
1.20 
11 
75o 
75c 


37|      31 


3.90    3.30 


3! 
55c 


m 

25 
52} 
1.30 


15 

2.30  1.95 
25c  20c 
50c 
15c 
50c 


741 
10 

ill's 

10c 
25c 


165      131 


Week.  Week 
Ending 'Ending 
May  15.  May  22. 


1}  1.10 


40c 
93 

4.40  3.40 
12   10} 


li 
55c 
20c 

1.20 

6" 
■2 

4.70 

9 

1.05 

3.61 


1.80  1.60 

1  75c 

45c  35c 

2.35  2 

74  6! 

2.95  2.60 

7f  61 

14}  12} 

1.65  1.40 

7f  68 

5}  4.60 


55c 
16.1 


31  3.: 

10c  .. 


12J 

2.15 

85c 


20c 

3.10 

3.40 

?1 


55c 
1.35 
1.40 
60c 
70c 


25c  20c 


15c  . 

2J  2, 

4}  3. 

3.85  3.15 


70c 
1.45 
1.40 

75c 
75c 


373   34 


8}   8J 


20c  55c  20c 

112  11 

2  4.10  2.60 

35c  50c  '35c 


45c 


40c  50c  .... 

30c  .... 

23  2.55  3}  2.90 

2.35  2.10,3.30  2.30 


?5c 


75c  85c 
5c!  30c 
53  I  77 
111!  19} 


14}     13 


19       15J 


Saturday  A.  M..  May  17. 

335  Alpha 18i@18; 

250  Alta. 7'6M 

300  Andes 25c 

540  Argenta 1.15@1.10 

300  Albion 30~»S5c 

255  Best  &  Belcher. .  ,17<5l7i 

385  Belcher 5g@5i 

200  Black  Hawk 1.70 

170  Bechtel 1.05@1 

150  Booker 40c 

1830  Bullion 4.90(5 

370  Benton. 4.35@4 

85  Belmont i 

300  Bodie 12 

1000  Belle  Isle 40c 

300  BeMdere 1 

410  Crown  Point 5@4.85 

520  Con  Virginia. 7 

430  Chollar 6 

750  California 1 

830  Con  Imperial 1.40 

80  Confidence 14J@14 

S10  Caledonia 2}M2.35 

450  Challenge 2.60@2.70 

150  C  P  Ravine 15@20c 

180  Con  Dorado 2.30 

200  Champion 20c 

600  Caledonia  (B  H)..4@3.90 

525  CPacific 23@2.95 

400  Day  65c 

60  Dudley 55@60c 

1975  Exchequer 5}@6 

1950  Flowery ... 

100  Fourth  July 40c 

500  Gould&Curry 9i@9i 

600  Gila 15c 

45  Grand  Prize 3; 

200  Golden  Terra 133(31- 

1090  Giant&O  A I 

495  H  &  Norcross 13J@14 

50  Hillside 2} 

100  Highbridge 35c 

310  Justice 3.40 

830  Julia 3  ~~ 

150  Jupiter 

160  Kentuck 4}@4.40 

50  Kossuth 10c 

455  L  Wash 1.30@li 

460  Leviathan 60@65c 

250  L  Bryan 65c 

310  Leopard 1.35 

50  Leeds 60c 

785  Mexican. 

550  Mackey 1.40@1.55 

40  Manhattan. ...2.45@2.40 
120  McClinton. . .. 

500  Mono 31(33.40 

800  Mew  York 60@65c 

50  N  Con  Virginia.  .10}@101 

100  Navajo 20c 

1180  N  Bonanza....  1.70<tfl 

300  Noonday 2 

300  N  Noonday I 

1350  Ophir 40i»41; 

75  Overman 91<aj9i 

950  Oriental 75c 

470  Potosi 4} 

765  Phil  Sheridan  . . .  .65(g>75c 

300  Peytona. 1 

400  Paradise 1.40 

100  Raymond  &E 2.90 

380  Real  del  Monte 3K«3 

400  Star 50c 

250  Syndicate. 

650  Summit 1.70@li 

200  South  Bodie 45@40 

100  Savage 11 

510  Sierra  Nevada... 47i@46 

1150  Succor 50 

1100  Silver  Hill 

815  Scorpion 2.65@2.60 

100  S  Bulwer. 60c 

50  St  Louis 30c 

650  Trojan 25c 

300  Tuscarora 10c 

700  Tioga 21 

740.  Tiptop 75c 

340  Utah 14S@14j 

1550  Vortex 75@70c 

520  Wells-Fargo 5< 

1445  Ward 1@1.10 

375  Yellow  Jacket. . .  ,17@16j 
Monday  A.  HI.,  Nay  19. 

75  Alpha 
445  Alta. . 

210  Andes 40@50c 

770  Benton 4.60@4i 


615  Tioga  Con 2.90@2J 

900  Tiptop 75c 

550  Vortex. 75@70c 

Tuesday  A.  M.,  May  20. 

320  Alpha 20@213 

210  Alta 7i@7i 

390  Andes 35@45c 

835  Belcher 5*854 

275  Best  &  Belcher. . .  .19@183 
610  Benton 4J@4| 

1535  Bullion 6J@7 

400  Baltimore  Con. 1 

350  Caledonia 2i@2.20 

1195  Con  Virginia 7J@7 

160  Confidence 13@12i 

505  Chollar 63(®7 

235  California 

2125  Con  Imperial 1 

955  Crown  Point _, 

100  Challenge 2.85@23 

2325  Exchequer 7}@7j 

745  Flowery. 90@95c 

460  Gould  &  Curry 9S@9~ 

275  H&Norcross....l5}C*i51 

525  Justice 3i@3~ 

925  Julia 4.158K4.05 

130  Kentuck 43 

930  L  Bryan 65c 

765  Lady  Wash 1|@1.40 

50  Leviathan 70c 

700  Mexican 36(8351 

280  Mackey 11(5)1.55 

150  Mt  View 4.40@43 

1630  N  Bonanza 1.90@2 

580  New  York 60@65c 

210  North  Con  Vir,      ' 

1250  Ophir 

375  Overman 91@9} 

175  Potosi. 4.90@4.65 

885  Phil  Sheridan.... 70@75c 

405  Savage 12j(*12i 

195  Sierra  Nevada. . .  .49i@50 


Sales  at  S.  F.  Stock  Exchange. 


Friday  A.  M.,  May  16. 

200  Alpha " 

120  Andes 

460  Bullion 

200  Baltimore  Con. 

250  Belcher 

295  Beat  &  Belcher 

840  Benton 

115  California 

1500  Con  Virginia.. 
50  Chollar 

285  Confidence 

1340  Challenge 

1580  Con  Imperial. 

615  Crown  Point. . 

765  Caledonia 

200  C  Dorado 

305  Exchequer..... 

1225  Flowery 

1040  Gould  &  Curry. 

215  Hale  &  Nor.... 

795  Julia 

130  Justice 

250  Kentuck 

400  Leviathan 

130  Lady  Wash.... 

200  Lady  Bryan. . . . 

290  Mexican 

250  Mackey 

1460  N  Bonanza 

290  North  Con  Vir. 

880  New  York 

1110  Ophir 

50  Overman 

250  Phil  Sheridan  . 

525  Potosi 

600  Peytona 

1430  Silver  Hill.... 

130  Savage 

1270  Succor 

1150  Scorpion 

275  Sierra  Nevada. 

470  Trojan 

125  Utah 

180  Union  Con... 
200  Wells-Fargo... 
700  Ward 


..30025c 
.4J04.65 

50c 

. .  .5g(<*5: 

14: 

.4.40i*4i. 

6107 

6?@7 

H@- 

..13?.<al3 
...2.7002: 
1.4001.45 
..4304.60 
... 2.05(«<2 

2.55 

....5i@5J 
.  .90(f'S5c 
. .  M@$l 
.U'.-.-lS, 
.3.i.h,.-;j;. 
.31(5)3.15 
. . .  ,4@4J 
..55(«r30c 
.1.4iKoi; 

65c 

..34034J 
.1.360U 
..2@1.95 
.injwio?. 
..60055c 

. .  .83@8j| 

..70075c 
.3103.90 


.2.1002.20 
...111011? 
. . .  .55050c 
2.60(&2.70 


;U'"i4; 


165  Yellow  Jacket 151016 

AFTERNOON  SESSION. 


1100  Argenta 

200  Albion. 

100  Belmont 

460  Bodie 

500  Belvidere 

170  Bulwer. 

770  Black  Hawk.... 

225  Booker 

1430  Bechtel 

260  C  Pacific 

100  Champion 

400  Caledonia  (B  H) 

1350  Day 

1275  Dudley 

40  Eureka  Con 

500  Fourth  July.... 
20  GrandPrize 

450  Goodshaw 

600  Giant  &0  A 

65  Golden  Terra... 

600  Highbridge 

150  Hillside.  . 

250  Hamburg 

300  Independence... 
50  Jackson , 

450  Jupiter 

200  Leopard 1, 

510  Manhattan 

940  Mono 

570  McClinton 

395  Northern  Belle.. 

100  Noonday 

1300  Oriental 

25  Real  del  Monte., 

500  Star . 


....1.20 

.30035c 
40c 

.13^13;: 
1 

.11011-: 
l.eotaij 

45c 

-1@1.10 
2.95<»2; 

20c 

....3.60 


171 

40c 

....3.20 
.25030c 

5 

..14ttfl3 

.3iv-."r„- 
2*02.20 

50c 

2* 

6 

.4rv,;.!l|,. 


1.30 
21 

•  4@3.95 
-75@70c 
. .  .7@61 
....2.30 
.70l«75c 

4 

50c 


500  S  Bulwer 50c 


10  Silver  King.. 

155  Summit 

300  Syndicate.... 

800  S  Bodie 

500  Tuscarora.... 

.1050  Tiptop 

5c  350  Tioga  Con  . . . 
111300  Vortex 


:81 

,.1.70^1.80 
....3@2.90 

. . .  .35040c 

50c 

...-.75085c 
.2.30@2.40 
. . .  .75@70c 


665  Belcher 6@5| 

495  Best  A  Belcher 191 

1055  Bullion 606i 

170  Confidence 141014* 

2695  Con  Imperial 1.5501  J 

555  CrownPoint 5J05S 

1!»70  California 7107 

1810  Con  Virginia 7i@7i 

1300  Challenge 2.85@25 

200  C  Dorado 2.45 

570  Caledonia 2J02.45 

610  Chollar 63@7£ 

1320  Exchequer, 7@7l 

970  Flowery 85c@l 

615  Gould  &  Curry 9i@l# 

170  Hale  ANor 14I@14i 

915  Justice 3.85034 

1545  Julia 4.20(£4.05 

200  Kentuck 4.95043 

300  Lady  Wash 1.35@H 

350  Lady  Bryan 50c 

170  Mexican 38@35j 

650  NBonanza 1.9001.95 

470  New  York 70@65c 

215  North  Con  Vir.  ...101010 

350  Ophir 41J042 

250  Overman 91010 

300  Peytona 1 

450  Phil  Sheridan 60065c 

140  Potosi 4. 65@4J 

10J  Savage 124012J 

10  See  Belcher. 26 

290  Sierra  Nevada.... 5004 

1350  Silver  Hill 2. 4002. L 

50  Solid  Silver 15c 

650  Succor 50045c 

390  Scorpion 2~ 

300  Trojan 30025c 

340  Union  Con 7140721 

295  Utah 

2190  Ward : 

1165  Yellow  Jacket....  17^184 

AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

1310  Argenta 1.1001 

700  Albion 30c 

150  Belmont 40c 

565  Bodie 15014J 

1535  Bechtel 1.1001.05 

105  Bulwer U 

500  Belvidere 90095c 

1730  Belle  Isle 40035c 

635  Black  Hawk 1. 70011 

650  Booker n"^ 

350  CPacific 

725  Caledonia  (B  H) 

1250  Day 60c 

500  Dudley 

115  Eureka  Con 17i0i8 

500  Endowment 25c 

400  Gila 15c 

150  Grand  Prize S.1003 

50  Golden  Terra 14 

200  Hussey 15e 

400  Highbridge 30c 

250  Hillside 2.20@2J 

120  Independence... 2J02. 60 

250  Jupiter '.  .60c 

940  Leopard 1101.40 

300  Leeds 60c 

145  Manhattan 2102.40 

4i!5  McClinton 75065c 

905  Mono , 

190  Northern  Belle 

50  Navajo 

350  Noonday 2J02.15 

■  660  N  Noonday 70075c 

1625  Oriental 80@50c 

500  Paradise 1.45014 

150  Raymond  &  Ely. 2302. 80 

200  Richer 60c 

750  Star 50c 

980  Summit 201J 

100  SBodie /40c 

175  S  Bulwer. 


1275  Silver  Hill 2}(g2.10 

300  Succor 30020c 

200  Solid  Silver 15c 

1100  Scorpion 302.95 

200  Trojan 30c 

250  Union  Con 70@68i 

115  Utah 180185 

1650  Ward 1 .1501 .20 

325  Yellow  Jacket...  1740171 

AFTERMOON  SE83IO.N. 

1050  Albion 30@25c 

1280  Argenta. 75070c 

200  Aurora  T 20c 

500  Adenda. 

5700  Belle  Isle 40050c 

590  Belvidere 90075c 

110  Bulwer 103011 

730  Bodie 163.017} 

775  Bechtel 1201.85 

360  Booker 35040c 

775  Black  Hawk 1.80012 

50  Belmont 30c 

600  Champion 20@25c 

950  C  Pacific 3031 

815  Caledonia  (B  H).... 4£04| 

340  Day 60c 

250  Dudley. 

800  Endowment 25020c 

350  Gila 15c 

525  GrandPrize.. 

250  Goodshaw 

50  Golden  Terra 134 

730  Giant  &0  A. 

1050  Hussey 15c 

100  Highbridge 25c 

450  Independence..  ..23,02.65 

600  Jupiter 40050c 

500  Leopard 1101.10 

320  Manhattan 2.30 

700  McClinton 75@80c 

40  Mono 5 

100  Navajo 15c 

40  Northern  Belle 61 

250  Noonday 202.10 

90  N  Noonday 70c 

1400  Oriental 85075i 

100  Paradise 1J 

250  Raymond&Ely 3@3 

50  Real  del  Monte 2i, 

350  Star 50c 

775  Syndicate, 

605  Summit. 201.90 

1225  S  Bodie 40045c 

270  S  Bulwer. 55c 

50  Silver  King 81 

680  Tioga 3.30031 

2050  University 30c 

300  Vortex 75c 

Wed'sday  A.  M„  May  21. 

330  Alpha 23022 

520  Andes 45040c 

450  Alta .84073 

415  Belcher 5053 

1650  Bullion 6307 

100  B  &  Belcher 190181 

1545  Benton 4305 

2300  Con  Dorado. ..2.3002.40 

100  California 7 

2190  Con  Imperial. .1.6001. 55 

665  Con  Virginia 7062 

150  Crown  Point. 54 

210  Chollar 6J06J 

375  Caledonia 2.3O02J 

485  Challenge 2.95021 

690  Confidence 1440142 

1975  Exchequer 8084 

1610  Flowery _,i 

500  Green 75c 

410  Gould  &  Curry 9J@9g 

295  Hale  &  Nor. 15014| 

140  Justice 3303  70 

695  Julia 4.1504} 

120  Kentuck ,.,5 

265  Lady  Wash.. ..1.3001.40 

1050  Leviathan 65070c 

720  Lady  Bryan 60c 

300  Mexican 370371 

420  Mackey 1801.70 

875  N  Bonanza 2}@2.60 

175  North  Con  Vir 9i 

525  New  York 60065c 

105  Ophir 371037 

105  Overman 9085 

20  Phil  Sheridan 85c 

1110  Potosi 4041 

320  Savage 130134 

610  Sierra  Nevada,     " 
10  Seg  Belcher.. 

980  Succor. 

1155  Silver  Hill.... 

1070  Scorpion 

700  Solid  Silver... 

100  Trojan 

245  Union. , 

90  Utah 

700  Ward 

1220  Yellow  Jacket, 

AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

300  Albion 25c 

990  Argenta. 75090c 

200  Belmont ."~40c 

3310  Belle  isle 45060c 

810  Bechtel 201 .55 

590  Bodie 170161 

305  Bulwer. 1OJ011 

710  Booker 35040c 

830  Black  Hawk 1201.80 

790  Belvidere 9Oc01 

850  Con  Pacific 3103.40 

550  Champion 25c 

1000  Croesus 10c 

710  Caledonia  (B  H) . . .  .4032 

1500  Day 65060c 

450  Dudley ' 

180  Eureka  Con.... 

1500  Endowment... 
150  Golden  Terra., 

150  Gila 

350  Grand  Prize 
500  Goodshaw... 

500  Hussey 

300  Independence 

170  Jackson 

300  Jupiter 

1000  Leopard 

100  Leeds 

250  Manhattan 

395  McClinton.... 

1015  Mono 


m 

..27 
. .  .25020c 
,.2.4O02i 
,..30-3.10 
15c 

25c 

...700693 
...1S0173 

.U@1.2U 
.184019 


.  .50055c 
,.171@18 

25c 

131 

20c 

-.3.1003.05 
40c 


50040c1  190  Northern  Belle...  .".6406- 


23 

6 

,40050c 
.1.1001 
75c 

■j.oOi"':.1. 

..9Oc01 

5 


MINING  SHAREHOLDERS'  DIRECTORY. 


Compiled  every  Thursday  from  Advertisements  in  Mining  and  Scientific  Press  and  other  S.  F.  Journals. 
ASSESSMENTS-STOCKS  ON  THE  LISTS  OP  THE  BOARDS. 


Company. 

A 1  ides  S  M  Co 
Booker  Con  G  M  Co 
Brilliant  M  Co 
Best  &  Belcher  M  Co 
Bechtel  Con  M  Co 
Belmont  M  Co 
Bullion  M  Co 
Caledonia  S  M  Co 
Crown  Point  Ravine  G  & 
Gila  S  M  Co 
McCrackin  Con  M  Co 
Mexican  G  &  S  M  Co 
North  Carson  S  M  Co 
Panther  M  Co 
Trojan  M  Co 
Raymond  &  Ely  M  Co 
Sierra  Nevada  S  M  Co 
South  Bulwer  G  M  Co 
Solid  Silver  G  &  S  M  Co 
Succor  M  &  M  Co 
Tioga  Con  M  Co 
Tuscarora  M  &  M  Co 
Union  Con  S  M  Co 
Yellow  Jacket  S  M  Co 
Wells  Fargo  M  Co 


Location.     No.    Amt.  Levied.    Delinq' 


Nevada 

California 
Nevada 
Nevada 

California 
Nevada 
Nevada 
Nevada 
S  M  Co  Nev 
Nevada 
Arizona 
Nevada 
Nevada 
Nevada 
Nevada 
Nevada 
Nevada 

California 
Nevada 
Nevada 

California 
Nevada 
Nevada 
Nevada 
Nevada 


25  May  5 

25  Apr  23 

25  Apr  26 

1  00  Apr  17 

25  Apr  19 

30  Apr  4 

I  00  May  6 

50  April 

15  Apr  16 

20  Apr  30 

50  Oct  22 

1  00  May  14 

25  Apr  26 

10  Apr  3 

25  Apr  9 

1  00  Apr  23 

2  00  Apr  16 
10  May? 
25  May  14 
50  Apr  23 
20  Apr  3 
05  Mar  27 

1  50  Apr  2 

1  00  Apr  15 

25  Apr  23 


June  11 
June  2 
May  30 
May  21 
May  26 
May  10 
June  9 
May  16 
May  20 
June  3 
Mar  3 
June  18 
June  2 
May  7 
June  2 
June  2 
May  20 
June  12 
June  13 
May  28 
May  3 
May  5 
May  5 
May  19 
May  24 


'nt.    Sale. 
Julyl 

June  23 
June  21 
June  10 
June  16 
June  2 
June  30 
June  6 
June  9 
June  23 
May  31 
July  10 
June  20 
May  28 
JuneJ23 
Julyl 
June  10 
July  3 
July  10 
June  17 
May  28 
May  30 
May  24 
June  17 
June  10 


Secret  art. 

M  Landers 

W  H  Lent 

W  A  M  Van  Bokkelen 


Wm  Willis 
Wm  H  Lent 
JWPew 
Joseph  Gruff 
R  Wegener 
J  M  Buflington 
Wm  W  Parrish 
H  A  Whiting 
C  L  McCoy 
J  W  Morgan 
JWPew 
David  Wilder 
Jos  Roberts,  Jr 
W  W  Stetson 
William  Stuart 
J  J  Applegate 
Wm  H  Watson 
W  H  Lent 
M  E  Sperling 
J  MBuifmgton 
Mercer  Otey 
OHBogart 


Place  of  Business 

309  Montgomery  st 

309  Montgomery  Bt 

419  Cal  s 


309  Montgomery  Bt 

309  Montgomery  st 

310  Pine  Bt 

418  California  st 

414  California  Bt 

309  California  Bt 

328  Montgomery  Bt 

211  Sansome  at 

203  Bush  st 

318  Pine  at 

310  Pine  st 

328  Montgomery  at 

330  Pine  Bt 

309  Montgomery  Bt  ■ 

320  Sansome  st 

331  Montgomery  at 

302  Montgomery  at 

309  Montgomery  Bt 

309  California  at 

309  California  st 

Gold  Hill,  Nev 

106  Leidesdorff  at 


OTHER  COMPANIES-NOT  ON  THE  LISTS  OF  THE  BOARDS. 


Amazon  Con  M  Co 

Almaden  Q  M  Co 

Black  Hawk  G  M  Co 

Butte  Creek  H  M  Co 

Champion  M  Co 

Cherokee  Plat  Blue  Grav  Co 

Dudley  M  Co 

Eagle  S  M  &  M  Co 

Emigrant  S  M  Co 

Florence  Blue  Grav  M  Co 

Glohe  Con  M  Co 

Goodshaw  M  Co 

Hidalgo  M  &  S  Co 

Jupiter  M  Co 

Lewis  Con  SM  Co 

McClinton  M  Co 

Mt  Jefferson  M  &  M  Co 

North  Bonanza  M  Co 

Northern  Light  G  &  S  M  Co 

Oro  M  Co 

Queen  Bee  M  Co 

Rocky  Point  M  Co 

Seg  Europa  M  Co 

Silver  Hill  M  Co 

Selby  Hill  M  Co 

San  Pedro  G  &  S  M  Co 

Sigourney  G  &  S  M  Co 

Sophia  G  M  Co 

South  Utah  M  Co 

Twin  Peak  M  Co 


Name  op  Company. 
Hussey  Con  G  &  S  M  Co 
Silver  Hill  M  Co 
St  Luis  M  Co 
Tybo  Con  M  Co 


Nevada  6 

California  2 

California  5 

California  2 

Cahfornia  3 

California  41 

California  3 

Nevada  13 

California  4 

California  4 

Nevada  11 

California  3 

Cadfornia  1 

California  3 

Arizona  1 

California  3 

California  6 

Nevada  2 

California  4 

California  1 

California  3 

California  1 

Nevada  1 

Nevada  6 

California  2 

California  1 

California  2 

California  1 

Nevada  2 

Nevada  2 


10  Mar  24 

25  Apr  15 

25  Apr  28 

25  Apr  16 

15  Apr  15 

05  Apr  10 

25  Apr  8 

20  Apr  16 

50  May  10 

05  Apr  18 

10  Mar  29 

10  Apr  23 

01  Mar  29 
20  Apr  24 

02  Mar  26 
25  May  15 
05  Mar  21 
50  Apr  30 
10  Apr  9 
05  

10  April  22 

10  Apr  17 

25  Apr  4 

50  Apr  7 

15  May  8 

02  May  14 

05  May  15 
024  Apr  23 

10  Apr  7 

15  April 


May  12 
May  17 
June  5 
June  6 
May  21 
May  12 
May  10 
May  20 
June  10 
May  22 
Apr  30 
May  30 
May8 
May  26 
May  3 
June  20 
May  2 
June  4 
May  14 
MayS 
May  26 
May  29 
May  21 
May  13 
June  9 
June  16 
June  21 
May  26 
May  10 
May  16 


June  11 
June  10 
June  28 
July  7 
June  10 
June  10 
June  9 
June  10 
June  30 
June  9 
May  26 
June  20 
June  9 
June  25 
May  26 
July  10 
May  27 
June  29 
June  2 

June  16 

June  16 
June  9 
June  3 

June  26 
July  7 
July  11 

June  13 
May  31 
June  5 


Jno  Crockett 
J  F  Mahoney 
H  A  Charles 
R  L  Taylor 
Jno  Crockett 
R  N  Van  Brunt 
E  C  Masten 
Jno  E  Dixon 
B  W  Mudge 
P  A  McGee 
O  H  Bogart 
Victor  Fernbach 
J  Costa 
E  C  Masten 
JWPew 
Wm  H  Lent 
R  N  Van  Brunt 
W  W  Stetson 
S  F  Monroe 
William  Stuart 
T  A  White 
T  L  Bihbins 
R  B  Noyes 
W  E  Dean 
H  Aug  Whiting 
T  A  White 
A  Judson 
L  L  Blood 
C  S  Healy 
T  W  Colburn 


MEETINGS  TO  BE  HELD. 


Location.  Secretary. 
Nevada  Jno  E  Dixon 
Nevada    W  E  Dean 

WE  Dean 

Nevada    Wm  M  Parrish 


Office  in  S.  F. 

327  Pine  st 

203  Bush  et 

203  Bush  Bt 

328  Montgomery  st 


203  Buah  at 

207  Sansome  at 

419  California  st 

310  Pine  at 

203  Bush  Bt 

318  Pine  at 

309  Montgomery  Bt 

327  Pine  8t 

309  Montgomery  at 

Merchants'  Ex 

106  Leidesdorff  st 

327  Pine  st 

323  Front  at 

309  Montgomery  Bt 

310  Pine  at 

309  Montgomery  Bt 

318  Pine  Bt 

309  Montgomery  at 

419  California  at 

320  Sanaome  at 

113  Leidesdorff  st 

314  Bush  at 

240  Montgomery  st 

203  Bush  st 

211  Sansome  at 

113  Leidesdorff  st 

320  Sanaome  at 

Merchants'  Ex 

Merchants'  Exchange 

414  California  Bt 


Date 


Annual 
Annual 
Annual 
Annual 


LATEST  DrVIDENDS-WITHIN    THREE    MONTHS 


Name  cf  Company. 
Con  Virginia  M  Co 
Excelsior  W  &  M  Co 
Eureka  Con  M  Co 
Napa  Con  Q  M  Co 
Standard  Con  M  Co 
Martin  Wnite  M  Co 


Location.    Secretary. 

Nevada  A  W  Haven 

California  G  P  Thurston 

Nevada  W  W  Traylor 

California  Wm  W  Parrish 

California  W  Willis 

Nevada  J  J  Scoville 


Office  in  S.  F. 
309  Montgomery  Bt 
315  California  st 
37  Nevada  Block 
328  Montgomery  st 
309  Montgomery  st 
309  Montgomery  st 


50 
25 
1  00 
10 
50 


May  28 
May2fl 
June  2 
June  4 


May  15 
Apr  21 
May  21 
Apr  30 
Am- 12 
May  27 


350  Noonday 2J02.O5 

1000  N  Noonday 75c 

1150  Oriental ...90085c 

100  Paradise 1.46 

470  Raymond*  Ely.... 3103 

350  Real  del  Monte 2J 

200  Star 50c 

350  Summit 1.90 


255  Syndicate 303i 

770  SBodie 50035c 

150  S  Bulwer. 55c 

430  Tioga  Con 23 

100  Tiptop 75c 

1250  University 30040c 

600  Vortex 75c 


SALES  OF  LAST  WEEK  AND  THIS  COMPARED 

May  LI. 

.161 


Thursday  A.M. 

130  Alpha .M 

160  Alta ntj....6g 

250  Andes  20025c 

235  Beet  &  Belcher.  .1410148 

430  Belcher 505j 

600  Bullion 4104.35 

230  Benton 4J04.35 

215  California .6J(»7 

750  Crown  Point..... >„. 4. 40 

500  Con  Imperial 1.20 

160  Chollar 5J 

1058  Con  Virginia. 6J06J 

345  Confidence 12012g 

220  Caledonia 1.9502 

220  Challenge 2102.40 

350  C  Dorado 2.35 

300  Exchequer , 4j 

775  Flowery ?507Oc 

595  Gould  &,  Curry. . . .  .8^08} 

185  Hale  &  Nor 12i012i 

220  Justice 3.2O0f 


50  Julia 3.; 


Tlnirsily  A.  M..  May  22. 

480  AJta 807* 

285  Alpha 220221 

475  Andes 40045c 

205  Belcher 5i05i 

145  BeBt  &  Belcher. 18' 

1580  Bullion. f07i 

225  Benton... .....4. 8004. 85 

B310  Cob  Imperial.  .1.6001.65 

585  Crown  Point 5J05f 

260  Confidence 144014! 

785  California 6£0 

140  Chollar 6S06J 

1955  Con  Virginia. ......  t6j0; 

85  Caledonia 2.35 

530  CUallenRe 2.6502 .  *" 

1000  Con  Dorado 2.1O02i 

1489  Exchequer 7308i 

1670  Flowery ....1.1O0U 

370  Gould  &  Curry. . . .  IO0IOJ 

220  Halo  &  Nor Ul@14§ 

180  Julia 4.1004 


1000  Leopard 1.3501.40 

615  Mono 3303.70 

30  McClinton 70c 

105  Manhattan 2102.40 

70  Northern  Belle 7 

400  Navajo 20c 

150  Noonday 2.35 

930  Oriental 50060c 

30  Raymond  &  Ely 3 

150  Silver  King 8 

560  SBodie 1.3501.30 

650  S  Bulwer 50040c 

150  Summit. 

400  Star 

100  Tuscarora 


...1.8501.90  325 
45c|  170 

265  Tioga  Coni;;;;!!!];8J@2     50 

150  Tiptop 75t«SOc  1150 

1100  Vortex 70060c  1400 


Manhattan 24 

McClinton 1 

Mono 5J051 

Noonday  . , , 2 

N  Noonday 75e 

Northern  Belle 6j 

Oriental 70090c 

Orient 15c 

Raymond  &  Ely S 

Star 50c 

Summit. 1 .8002 

Syndicate 3J031 

S  Bulwer 55c 

SBodie 40c 

Tioga  Con 2.60021 

Tuscarora .10c 

University.... 
Vortex 


50  Kentuck 4 

650  L  Bryan 45050c 

330  LadvWash 1.3001,35 

100  Leviathan 55c 

400  Mexican .311032 

50  MtVieW 5 

225  Mackey 1.15(31.10 

900  New  York 55060c 

40NConVir 10 

1350  N  Bonanza. ...1.4001.56 
950  Ophir ' 

50  Overman 

120  Potosi 

130  Phil  Sheridan, 
155  Savage 

90  Sierra  Nevada. 

850  Succor 

590  Silver  Hill.... 

455  Scorpion 

150  Solid  Silver.... 
100  Trojan 

65  Utah 

305  Union  Con.... 

185  Ward 95c01 

270  Yellow  Jacket. .  .14J014J 


i. 30!  320  Justice 3J 


3.0S 

45c 

..11011A 
441 


25c 

.13013- 


afternoon  session. 


200  Albion., 

930  Argenta 

365  Bodie 

830  Bechtel 

500  Belle  Isle.... 

270  Booker 

610  Belvidere 

300  Black  Hawk. 

164  Bulwer 

700  C  Pacific. 


..30c 
.1101.20 
11 


300  Caledonia  (BH). 3. f 


...40c 

.  .45050c 
..75(«90c 
.1MVI.-10 
.. 1O10U{ 
.2.8002.85 


255  Day. . 
110  Eureka  Con... 
100  Giant  &O  A... 
10  Grand  Prize... 
5C0  Independence . 

200  Jupiter. 

200  Leeds 


.40(«70c 
..171018 


...70c 


200  Kenttiek 5 

1230  Lady  Bryan 65070c 

450  Lady  Waah...  .1.4001.45 

370  Leviathan 75070c 

255  Mexican 370373 

700  Mackey 2. 1002. 20 

640  New  York 65070c 

555  North  Con  Vir. .  .101010* 

685  NBonanza 2.30021 

950  Ophir 354036 

310  Overman 909i 

200  Phil  Sheridan 

55  Potosi. 

340  Savage  ..:.... 
130  Sierra  Nevada 
200  Succor ,. 

1005  Silver  Hill.... 

1480  Scorpion 

200  Solid  Silver. . . 

250  Trojan , 

540  Utah , 

390  Union  Con ... 
50  Woodville 

1200  Ward 

930  Yellow  Jacket. 

AFTERNOON  SESSION. 


4.70 

..1210123 

. .  .5O05OJ 

! !  2 '.4002* 
3.9504.10 
15c 

. . .  20025c 


75077 
25c 

1.30011 


Pacific  Board— Latest  Sales. 


Wed'sflayA.M.,  May  21 

70  Alpha 221 

110  Alta 808T 

410  Bullion 7407: 

255  Belcher 5105.21 

60  BeBt  tc  Belcher 191 

650  Con  Imperial.  .1. 6001. 6( 
210  Con  Virginia.....  ,707. 3f 
125  California. ......  6.  Sftgft 

50  Chbllar 6l 

30  CrownPoint.. ....... 5. 15 

50  Challenge 

820  Exchequer  8jji 

200  Gould  &  Curry 9S0W 

50  Hale&Nor 151 

220  Julia 4.10041 

20  Kentuck 5 

30  Mexican 371 

180  Ophir 3710378 

50  Potosi 44 

130  Savage 13J.013J 

20  Sierra  Nevada 50 

20  Utah 18 

10  Yellow  Jacket 19 

A  FTERNOON  SESSION. 

40  Alta 8808* 

110  Bullion 7307.55 

200  Bechtel 1.6001.55 


10  Best&  Belcher Iflj 

10  Belcher 51 

20  Crown  Point 5$' 

345  Con  Imperial.  ...1.65018 
5  California. 6| 

250  Challenge 3 

50  Caledonia '4 

20  Confidence 15 

590  Exchequer ,.81: 

300  Flowery 101,16 

110  Gould  &  Curry. .  .10j@10f 

50  Goodshaw 40c 

90  Julia ; 4.20' 

70  Justice 33.03.80 

150  Lady  Wash li 

200  Mackey 2@2| 

50  Mexican 380584 

60  New  York 70(365c. 

125  N  Bonanza 24 

60  Ophir 39@38J 

20  Overman 9t 

50  Phil  Sheridan. 753 

160  Silver  Hill 2102.45 

30  Savage 13« 

50  Scorpion 3.703 

10  Utah 18S 

100  Ward H01.2O 

10  Yellow  Jacket 19H 


975  Argenta.. 

700  Albion 

400  Belmont 

1000  Belle  iBle  .... 

570  Bodie 

315  Bechtel 

260  Bulwer 

300  Booker 

400  Black  Hawk.. 

730  Belvidere 

200  Champion 
850  CPacific. 


.90095c 
..25c 

..40c 


....20021 
..1301.30 

.-1110111 

40c 

U 

....1085c 
25c 

..3.8003; 


2S5  Caledonia (BH)..4l04. 10 

1000  Crcesus 10c 

600  Dudley 60055c 

600  Day 55060c 

185  Eureka  Con 17J018 

250  Golden  Terra 14 

250  Gila 20c 

115  GrandPrize 3.15031 

350  Giant  &  O  A 7 

850  Goodshaw 60045c 

100  Highbridge 25c 

100  Hussey 10c 

385  Independence.. 2. 9002. 95 

250  Jupiter 40c 

200  Leopard 1 

30  Leeds 70075c 


California  Board— Latest  Sales. 


Wcd'sday  A.  M.,  May2I.i  150  Phil  Sheridan 72i« 

20  AiDha 20i(«201i    40  Savage 13J<B13i 

70  Alta 7!(»7i    100  Senator 35o 

150  Andes 45o[    20  Summit 2 

50  Belcher 5)<i»5i   100  Silver  mil 2.30 

300  Boston lfcMJi    50  Silver  Jacket 65a 


20  Best  &  Belcher. 

120  Bullion 

200  Brilliant 

500  Baltimore  Con. 

50  California 

30  Con  Virginia.. 
235  Con  Imperial... 

30  CrownPoint.. 

70  Challenge 

90  Caledonia..... 

450  Crcesus 

700  Enterprise 

100  Endowment... 
100  Exchequer 

70  Gould  S  Currv 
250  Hartford 

50  Hale  4  Hor.... 

245  Julia 

120  Justice 

140  Leviathan 

50  Mexican 

50  New  York 

60  Ophir 

85  Potosi 


18K§18S:  375  SBodie.. 

GjOGjlOOO  S  Utah 

...45c     30  Union 

55C10OO  UFlag. 

200  Vermont  Con... 

200  WmPenn 

20  Yellow  Jacket  . 


...1.55@1( 

:2!80Sb2!90 
...2.20@2J 

14c 

18 

20c 

....75§7j 
....9J®93 
..1.70OU 
..15.'.<>rl5i 
4.05@~4.20 
.  .3j@3.70 
65c 


.  .60c 


AFTERNOON  SESSION. 


,40@45c 
10<»13c 

634; 

40 

....45c 

45c 

17JS17J 


37ic 
ll<37c 
...25c 
...93c 


100  Andes.. 
1250  .'Etna 

100  Almaden  Q 

100  Argenta 

100  Atlanta » 

50  Alta 8S@8j 

50  Alpha 23i<a23l 

40  Bullion n<m\ 

50  Best  &  Belcher. . .  .20@20j 

10  Belcher H 

500  CoaoCon 5o 


100  C  Pacific  . 

30  Chollar. 

80  Caledonia..  .. 

70  CrownPoint... 
300  Con  Imperial. . 


..3.40 


May  24,  1879."] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


333 


40  Coo  VintlnU 7 

30  California 7 

200  Knt«miriie It 

70  Exchequer ■ ,  S  i 

Sw  illvnn  Dale. *ic 

10j  Golden  Chariot  .  ...10c 
70  Oonld  a.  Chary  ...lOfQlOl 

30  IfeletNur IN 

GO  Juitlce 3.85«ri.(,»j 

80  Julia 1,   M| 

140  L  Bryan I 


50  Mexican S&i 

100  Monumental 3c 

100  NewYurk 6T»c 

50  Ophlr 3»«3$ 

20  Overman 94 

90  Potoil 

100  S  lto.li, 

50  Titfer II 

100  Trojan 27*c 

LOO  D  Ptti 4e 

1 


Mining  Share  Market 

If  the  promises  erf  dealers  and  the  predictions 
of  operators  generally  were  infallible,  we  should 
have  had  a  booming  market  during  the  past 
week.  The  earlier  portion  was  marked  pecu- 
liarly by  prophesies  of  this  immediate  intlation, 
but  the  facts  as  yet  have  failed  to  do  more  than 
lostain  the  confidence  that  there  is  n  better 
market  to  come — some  time.  There  has  been, 
to  be  sure,  a  rise  in  prices  and  more  fluctuation 
than  for  some  time  past,  but  the  usual  signs — 
the  hitherto  invariable  forerunners  of  previous 
heavy  turns  in  the  market — have  been  entirely 
wanting,  and  the  activity  displayed  has  really 
been  little  more  than  would  arise  from  the  con- 
valescence of  the  market  from  the  late  election 
■care.  Not  that  there  may  not  be  a  heavy  deal, 
and  that  very  soon;  indeed,  the  near  approach 
of  the  Comstocks  to  the  "new  bonanza"  ground, 
the  promised  immediate  completion  of  the  Sutro 
tunnel,  and  the  consolidation  of  stocks  in  firm, 
good  hands  points  strongly  to  such  a  proba- 
ity.  But,  as  yet,  it  remains  for  this  proba- 
ity  to  become  a  reality.  Action  in  the  Com- 
tocks  has  not  been  confined  to  anyone  particu- 
ix  section,  but  all  three  have  displayed  an 
ImoBt  equal  amount  of  life.  The  Bodies,  too, 
ave  been  largely  dealt  in,  and  are  noticeable  as 
ot  participating  in  Tuesday's  fall.  Other  out- 
ide  stocks  have  discovered  strength,  and  at 
resent  writing  there  is  a  steady  upward  move- 
ment in  everything. 


bil 


California  Academy  of  Sciences. 

A  meeting  of  this  society  took  place  on  Mon- 
day evening  last,  Dr.  Harkness  in  the  chair. 
Among  the  donations  to  the  cabinet  was  an  in- 
teresting specimen  of  fungus,  which  was  found 
attached  to  the  base  trunk  of  the  bay  laurel. 
The  texture  of  this  fungus  is  very  firm,  its  ma- 
terial having  been  UBed  in  lieu  of  cork,  and 
when  chemically  prepared,  forming  an  excellent 
material  for  the  manufacture  of  slow  fuse.  Also, 
two  specimens  white  marble,  from  Colton 
quarry,  San  Bernardino  county,  by  J.  M. 
Hutchings ;  one  specimen  agate,  by  Master 
Doble,  Fremont  street,  Sto  Francisco;  gold 
quartz,  Texas  Flat  mine,  Fresno  county;  silver 
ore,  San  Juan  mine,  Pima  county,  Arizona; 
gold  quartz  and  copper  ore,  Amador  county, 
and  gold  quartz,  Joe  Davies  mine,  Trinity 
county,  California — from  R.  H.  Stretch. 

W.  N.  Lockington  read  a  paper  descriptive 
of  the  new  and  rare  fishes  of  the  Pacific  coast. 
This  was  followed  by  a  discussion  on  the  organs 
of  hearing  in  fish.  A  communication  was 
received  from  Prof.  Davidson,  reporting  that  an 
astronomical  party  has  taken  the  field  with  the 
view  of  establishing  stations  for  the  pursuit  of 
astronomical  observations  at  high  altitude. 
This  is  elsewhere  referred  to  in  this  issue  of  the 
Press. 

A  letter  was  read  from  Prof.  Finck,  of  Bre- 
men, now  in  New  York  and  shortly  to  visit  this 
city  en  route  for  the  South  Seas,  and  the 
Academy  was  urged  by  Dr.  Stout  to  tender 
him  a  reception,  and  Messrs.  Stout,  Behr  and 
Yale  were  appointed  a  committee  by  the  chair 
to  meet  the  gentleman  and  request  him  to  give 
to  the  Academy  an  outline  of  his  intended 
researches  in  the  South  Seas.  Prof.  Finck  is 
well-known  from  hie  Siberian  explorations  and 
now  seeks  new  fields  in  a  milder  clime. 


The  Hope  Iron  Works. — The  Hope  Iron 
Works  were  projected  by  Mr.  W.  W.  Hanscom, 
four  years  ago,  for  the  carrying  on  of  general 
machine  and  foundry  business,  as  well  as  for 
special  work  and  machinery.  In  building  these 
works,  they  were  fitted  up  with  the  best  tools 
to  be  made  in  the  United  States,  made  express- 
ly for  Mr.  Hanscom,  by  the  celebrated  firm  of 
Bement  &,  Son,  Philadelphia,  and  consist  of 
lathes  from  7 A  feet  swing  and  30  feet  long,  to 
12  inches  swing  and  5  feet  long,  with  planers, 
shaper-drills,  slotting  machine,  bolt  cutters, 
and  a  complete  outfit  of  small  tools,  such  as 
boring  bars,  reamers,  drills,  cutters,  machine 
cutters,  etc.  The  pattern  shop  has  band  and 
circular  saws,  lathes,  etc.,  with  air  chucks,  ate. 
The  blacksmith  shop  has  two  forges  and  steam 
hammer,  also  of  Bement  &  Son's  manufacture, 
and  all  blacksmith  tools.  The  foundry  has  a 
room  40x100  feet,  with  five-ton  crane,  eight-ton 
cupola  core  oven,  with  iron  carriage  and  track 
leading  under  crane,  full  assortment  of  ladles, 
clamps,  core  plates,  weights,  flasks,  etc.,  also 
independent  blowing  engine  and  Sturtevant 
blower.  The  works  have  ample  capacity  for  75 
men,  with  a  good  assortment  of  standard  pat- 
terns, including  vertical  engines,  propeller 
wheels,  steam  pumps  and  horizontal  engines, 
gearing,  boiler  fronts,  etc.  This  is  a  rare  chance 
for  any  parties  desiring  to  engage  in  the  foundry 
and  machine  business. 


[INING     SUMMARY. 


The  following  ii  mottily  condensed  from  Journals  pub- 
lished in  the  interior,  in  proximity  to  the  iuin.ee  mentioaed. 


CALIFORNIA. 
AMADOR. 

nt—Cor.   Diipateh,  Ifaj   17:     Dr    U 
bean  trying  to  negotiate  with  th«  Crown  Point 
tortus  working  »t  that  property.    The  present  owners 
OlUfl  got  down  on  It  some  125  or  130  ft,  and  the  |< 

log   formation.     The  i.Viitciiiii*]    mine   1 1 11s   been 
st..j,j™.,|   f,»r   the  lust  two  or  three  weeks,  for  tllfl    I      I-  oJ 

lands,  their    rook   being  low    grade,  although    looking 
splendidly     The  Webster  mine,  Joining  the  Pol 
north,  run  been  lamped  by  a  party  of  Italian 
members  of  the  Centennial  company,  and  they  are  uuw 
shaft  •■■!  it.    When  worked  last,  some  years  ago, 

the  pnnpeeU  were    favorable.      The  HenuleS  mine   i--ti1l 

idle,  presumably  bemuse  the  parties  Interested  below 

biled  to  send  up  the  cash.    The  prt.:,p,.rt.s  m    n,-t  .1-  fa- 

•  the;  might  he.    The  annanl  belle!  is  that  L 

Mens,  whose  claim  lies  iniiiicdiatelv  east  of  them,  has  (jot 
the  main  ledge,      fluid  tiuss   has  not*  yet    been    resumed    ill 

the  Pennsylvania  mine.  The  superintendent  hue  been 
below  fur  some  time  back,  but  probablj  thej  will  start  up 
again  in  a  short  time,  as  the  property  u  too  valuable,  and 
the  prospect  too  good  to  let  it  remain  idle  long. 

Si  ITIRCkBU  Notks.— The  Mahoitey  is  Mtili  sinking  a 
perpendicular  shaft  to  strike  the  main  ledge  at  the  depth 
of  1,000ft.  The  company  are  expecting  now  machinery 
from  thu  Kuat  at  an  early  day,  to  be  used  In  this  sinking 
and  for  the  future.  The  Con.  Amador  Co.  have  adver- 
tised for  bids  to  sink  100  ft  on  the  new  shaft  of  thatmina 
This  company  are  now  crushing  the  old  "gouge  dirt"  taken 
from  the  mine  They  crush  about  100  Ions  per  day  which 
pays  about  $1  60  per  ton. 

BUTTE. 

Thk  Vkrmilliox  Miss.— Merowy,  May  10:  This  prop- 
erty is  located  at  Forbeetown,  commencing  in  the  edge  of 
the  settlement,  and  extending  up  Forbes  town  ravine 
to  tho  line  between  Yuba  and  Butte  counties.  It  con- 
tains about  100  acres  of  land,  and  was  purchased  by 
Messrs.  Frank  and  Win.  Gerling,  in  the  spring  of  78.  A 
company  0!  Stockton  capitalists  have  recently  taken  hold 
of  the  property  and  put  in  pumping  machinery  and  pipe, 
and  obtained  a  supply  of  water  from  the  Gaskeli  dilch, 
100  ft  below  tbfl  mine.  The  water  is  forced  through  2,000 
ft  of  pipe,  up  an  elevation  of  350  ft  into  a  reservoir,  from 
whence  it  flows  to  the  mine  under  a  pressure  of  200  ft. 
These  improvements  have  necessitated  an  outlay  of  $15,000. 

Improvements.— Some  weeks  since,  one  of  the  flumes 
belonging  to  tho  Hewitt  claim  tumbled  to  pieces,  and 
Messrs.  Brock  &  Taber  were  awarded  a  contract  to  make 
750  ft  of  30-inch  pipe  to  take  its  place.  Workmen  are  now 
engaged  in  placing  tho  pipe  in  position.  In  its  manufac- 
ture, 22,300  pounds  of  No.  14  iron  and  500  pounds  of  rivets 
were  usect  The  firm  was  only  five  days  in  filling-  the 
order. 

CALAVERAS. 

Collike  Mine.—  Citizen,  May  17:  This  mine,  owned  by 
Mr.  Collier  and  situated  near  Murphys,  is  now  being 
worked  and  is  turning  out  remarkably  rich  rock.  The 
rock  is  crushed  just  as  it  is  taken  from  the  mine,  without 
being  assorted,  the  poorest  of  which  more  than  pay  ex- 
penses. As  the  mine  is  developed  it  shows  a  number  one 
lead,  and  continues  to  improve  in  richness.  A  five-stamp 
mill  has  been  erected  on  the  mine,  and  is  kept  constantly 
running. 

Mill  Refitted.— Smith's  mill,  near  Murphys,  has  re- 
cently been  refitted  and  put  in  running  order,  and  is  now 
being  run  in  full  blast.  The  mill  is  composed  of  six 
stamps  and  is  one  of  the  best  in  the  county. 

Eho  Hydraulic  Claim.— This  claim  is  situated  in  Eho 
mining  district,  between  Murphys  and  the  Stanislaus 
river.  Curtis  &  Co.  have  been  at  work  with  the  hydraulic 
and  have  uncovered  a  large  area  of  rich  gravel. 

Bumble  Bee  Claim.— This  claim,  situated  near  Murphys, 
is  owned  by  Wade  and  Freeman.  Between  Bix  and  seven 
tons  are  now  on  the  dump,  which  will  yield,  on  an  aver- 
age, about  $16  per  ton.  They  have  a  cut  run  into  the  hill 
50  ft  long  and  12  ft  in  depth.  At  present  they  are  en- 
gaged in  sinking  a  shaft  in  the  cut  which  covers  the  lead, 
the  width  of  which,  on  an  average,  is  one  ft. 

Boston  Hydraulic  Claim. —This  claim  is  situated  on 
Whisky  hill  about  half  a  mile  from  Jenny  Lind.  E.  F. 
Kendell,  Superintendent  of  the  mine,  has  14  men  em- 
ployed besides  several  Chinamen.  This  claim  is  run  by 
hydraulicing,  and  a  large  amount  of  ground  is  washed  in  a 
short  time.     The  claim  is  paying  well. 

Buckiiorn  Claim.— The  owners  of  this  claim,  situated 
near  Murphys,  on  the  grade  leading  to  Altaville,  have 
erected  a  one-stamp  mill  and  two  arastras,  with  which  to 
crush  the  ore  taken  from  their  mine.  The  mine  is  owned 
by  Haselton  &,  Co.,  and  from  present  appearances  they 
have  got  a  good  claim. 

Qi'aktz  Ledge  Discovered.— Chronicle,  May  17:  Her- 
bert and  Warren,  of  Sandy  Gulch,  have  lately  discovered 
a  very  promising  quartz  vein  near  the  South  Fork  of  the 
Mokelumne,  opposite  Holmes'  mill.  The  lead  is  narrow, 
but  rich,  good  judges  estimating  that  it  will  mill  $8  per 
cargo.  But  little  prospecting  has  been  done  yet,  the  pro- 
prietors not  having  completed  preparations  for  active 
operations.  A  shaft  has  been  commenced,  however,  and 
work  will  be  urged  forward  shortly. 

INYO 

Modock. — Independent,  May  10:  The  tunnel  on  the 
1000  level  has  been  run  in  1,535  ft.  Shaft  from  300  level 
sunk  19  ft;  total  depth  to  date,  401  ft.  Upraise  been 
raised  12  ft,  giving  total  bight  of  raise  124  ft.  Distance 
between  top  of  raise  and  bottom  of  shaft,  38  ft.  Fall  of 
tunnel  has  broken  into  a  clay  gouge,  carryinggood  indica- 
tions for  ore.  Face  and  sides  of  tunnel  are  about  four  ft 
in  this  clay  and  ledge  matter.  Have  had  good  ground  for 
the  past  week.  Could  have  no  better  indications  for  ore 
ground  than  now  in  face  of  tunnel.  There  should  be  very 
little  ground  between  shaft;  and  upraise  at  the  end  of  this 
week,  and  nothing  can  prevent  good  progress  being  mode. 

Darwin  Items. — Ores  are  still  coming  in  from  Wildrose, 
Minnictta,  and  the  Ygnacio  mines.  After  this  run  is  con- 
cluded, Superintendent  Williams  wilt  continue  onpurchas- 
intr  ores  on  the  same  favorable  terms  as  heretofore.  The 
New  Coso  furnace  was  started  up  on  May  1st,  the  blast  be- 
ing turned  on  at  10  a.  m.  The  furnace  has  boon  runnipg 
steadily  since  the  start.  Messrs.  Birchett  &  Parker,  who 
have  the  Snow  Canyon  five-stamp  mill  leased  for  a  season, 
have  brought  in  between  34,000  and  35,000  in  gold  and 
silver  bullion,  being  the  clean-up  from  a  two  weeks'  run. 
A  large  proportion  of  the  ores  first  worked  by  Messrs. 
Birchett  &  Parker  came  from  the  St.  George,  represented 
by  Mr.  Mason  and  the  old  Virginia  property  of  Messrs. 
Grove  &  Mitchell.  Mr.  Mason  reports  the  St.  George  as 
being  down  over  100  ft,  and  that  ores  taken  from  that 
depth  for  the  present  run,  averaged  3100  per  ton  in  gold. 

MONO- 

Tioga.— Standard,  May  17:  Outside  of  Standard,  Bul- 
wer,  and  Bodie,  no  mining  enterprise  in  the  district  pos- 
sesses such  a  substantial  showing  for  a  long-lived,  self- 
sustaining  institution  as  the  Tioga.  Excellent  machinery, 
good  depth  and  all  work  of  exploration  in  first-class  shape. 
The  ledge  in  west  crosscut,  320  level,  has  not  shown  signs 
of  failing  at  any  point,  and  is  now  drifted  on  nearly  100  ft 
in  length.  The  width  of  the  ledge  is  nearly  four  ft,  and 
grade  of  ore  a  profitable  milling  proposition.  Chief  in- 
terest is  still  centered  on  the  corresponding  crosscut,  520 
level,  now  nearly  200  ft  from  shaft,  in  ground  very  favor- 
able both  for  rapid  work  and  carrying  ledges. 

Mono.— On  the  400  level,  the  jointcrosscut  on  the  Bodie 
line  is  in  from  the  lateral  drift  160  ft  east  and  112  ft  west. 
In  the  latter  a  fine  vein  was  cut  during  the  past  week, 
containing  considerable  ore.  The  east  crosscut  from  the 
shaft,  same  level,  is  in  115  ft.  The  Mono  vein  was  cut 
about  90  ft  from  the  shaft,  and  was  found  considerably 
broken.     Drifts  are  being  run  both  north  and  south  on 


thin  vein  from  this  croatOOt  The  drift  is  altogether  about 
00  ft  in  length,     A  south  drift  is  being  run  from 

cut  on  the  boondaryUni  to<  n       '  with  this  drift 

Si'.'.hm.  (.vs.- The  north  drift  tram  the  d 
b  is  been  idnneed  u  ft;  total  length,  188  ft.    1 . 
la  four  and  a  half  fl  vide,  of  ren  good  ore,    An  opreiM 
■  In  la  now  62  ft  above  the  drift,  where  it  shows 

(00/  Uld  a  half  ft  of  Ihie  ore  The  cast  Crosscut  from  the 
south  drift  is  in  n  ft;  progress,  11  ft.  The  rock  In  the 
face  is  hard.     The  winze  on  the  Ooofc  ledge  has  reached  n 

depth  of  36  ft    The  ledge  la  two  ft  wide,   tod  ' 

I'h-  weal  Broaacnt,  700  level,  ie  in  110  ft,  and  (a  at  present 

in  very  hard  ground.    The  south  drift  on  the  Qildea  ledge 

in  in  141*  ft.     The  ledge  is  two  and  a  half  ft  wide,   ol    hUl 

ore,     Tlic  slope-i  are  looking  well.     The  bullion  hhipntcntu 

■  h  -1    ipi  il  auiounti  ■:  ■ 

BYKDK  m  b  drift    has,    fur   the   past   25    ft, 

ibown  in  Improvement  In  the  shape  ol  ■  rein  alx 
Inefaea  wide,  accompanied  with  a  Bow  <■(  water  amounting 
to  about  four  inches.  Tho  assays  from  this  vein  an  *  SI  | 
OaUeiing,  The  work  of  sinking  on  the  Osceola  vein  from 
the  old  tunnel  continues,  as  well  as  raising  rroro  tho  now 
tunnel  to  connect  with  the  winze.    About  100  ft  more  will 

have  to  he  made  before  tin1  connect  iim  is  completed.     Are 

breasting  with  one  shift  on  the  Osceola  ledge,  tin-  ore  be 

big  pnt  in  the  chutes  preparatory  t»  taking  out  through 
the  lower  tunnel  when  the  connection  is  completed.     The 

ore  is  turning  out  satisfactorily  as  to  quality.  The  mill  is 
running  steadily  on  custom  ore. 

Con  I'Ai.inc.  -The  winze  on  ledge  No.  1,  where  tapped 
Ky  crMsvent  from  bottom  of  winze  No.   2,  is  down  m\   ft, 

Ths  ledge  is  widened  from  -m  Inches  In  thickness  to  nearly 
80  Inches,  and  has  more  of  an  eastern  dtp.  The  ore  Is  of 
a  good  Dulling;  grade.  Is  decomposed  and  separates  easily 
from  the  walls,  which  arc  well  defined.  The  main  Bhaft  is 
down  over  £80  ft.  A  ledge  of  considerable  strength,  and 
assaying  gold,  has  come  into  the  shaft  with  an  eastern  dip. 
The  ground  has  generally  hardened  and  work  is  slower. 
It  ts  expected  to  crosscut  at  250  ft,  which  depth  will  be  at- 
tained by  the  25th  inst. 

Blackiiawk.— Tho  west  crosscut,  on  the  220  level,  is  in 
94  ft.  The  face  of  the  crosscut  shows  a  favorable  change. 
The  wlnzo  on  the  same  level  is  down  42  ft.  The  vein  in 
the  bottom  of  the  winze  is  fully  as  wide  as  where  started 
—about  four  ft— and  of  the  same  character  of  ore.  The 
east  crosscut,  320  level,  is  in  3S  ft,  showing  frequent  seams 
uf  quartz.  On  the  Bame  level,  drifts  are  being  run  north 
and  Bouth  on  the  first  vein  cut  in  the  west  crosscut.  The 
south  drift  is  in  31  ft,  and  the  north  2S  ft.  An  improve- 
ment is  shown  in  both  directions  upon  the  point  where 
first  cut. 

Bodib. — The  east  crosscut  from  the  old  shaft  is  in  a  total 
distance  of  200  ft.  The  cast  crosscut,  second  level,  is  in 
145  ft;  the  west  crosscut,  second  level,  79  ft.  On  the 
same  level  a  crosscut  has  been  started  east  from  tho  Qil- 
dea, which  has  been  run  12  ft.  The  west  crosscut,  third 
level,  is  in  35  ft.  The  drift  north  on  the  vein,  same  level, 
is  in  124  ft.  The  mill  is  running  steadily  on  Bulwer  ore. 
Arrangements  have  been  made  for  increasing  the  capacity 
of  the  mill  by  adding  two  pans  and  a  settler. 

NEVADA. 

Derbec  Mine. — Transcript,  May  18:  Everything  is  run- 
ning smoothly  at  the  Derbec  mine,  the  employees  having 
resumed  their  places  at  the  old  wages,  viz.,  $3  per  day. 
The  recent  reduction  to  $2.50,  which  caused  all  of  the 
miners  to  quit  work,  was  the  result  of  a  misapprehension 
on  the  part  of  the  Superintendent.  It  is  reported  that  it 
was  far  from  the  intention  of  the  board  to  reduce  the 
wages  of  skilled  labor,  and  that  upon  learning  such  an 
effort  was  being  made,  they  immediately  took  steps  to 
prevent  it. 

Pleasant  Valley  Notes.— Thegravel  mines  in  Pleasant 
valley  are  beginning  to  make  their  final  clean-up,  the  sup- 
ply of  water  being  nearly  exhausted.  At  the  Badger  Flat 
claim  four  men  have  been  busily  at  work  since  December 
last,  and  they  arc  now  cleaning  up  for  the  first  time,  with 
good  prospects.  Hamilton  &  Co.  are  prospecting  on  Beck- 
man  hill,  near  Novey's  ranch,  There  are  four  or  five  men 
working,  and  they  are  now  in  gravel  and  hard  cement. 
The  owners  of  the  property  appear  to  be  satisfied  with  the 
outlook. 

Ditch  Improvements.— The  Excelsior  ditch  company 
contemplates  making  some  important  improvements  along 
the  line  of  their  property  at  an  early  date.  The  head  of 
the  ditch  is  at  the  mouth  of  Rock  creek,  two  and  a  half 
miles  above  Hoyt's  old  crossing.  At  the  mouth  of  Rush 
creek  some  heavy  masonry  work  wilt  have  to  be  done,  and 
all  along  the  line  to  Smartsville  the  ditches  and  flumes 
will  be  re-constructed  to  a  great  extent. 

Jottings.  —Foothill  Tidings,  May  17:  In  the  Scaddcn 
Flat  mine  tho  ledge  is  strong,  being  from  18  inches  to  2 
ft  in  width.  Recently  there  has  been  some  very  rich 
rock  taken  out  by  tributers.  There  are  between  50  and 
CO  men  working  about  the  mine.  The  new  shaft  of  the 
Rocky  Bar  is  120  ft  perpendicular,  and  is  extended  70  ft 
below  that  on  the  incline.  The  ledge  is  not  large  but  of 
excellent  quality,  paying  $35  per  load.  In  the  Centennial 
the  ledge  is  showing  an  average  width  of  six  incheB-a 
good  size  for  this  mine.  The  rock  taken  from  this  mine 
has  been  almost  uniformly  rich,  and  from  a  clean-up  of 
43  loads,  at  Smith's  Orleans  mill,  $4,300  was  obtained, 
without  including  the  sulphurets,  which  will  go  several 
hundreds  more.  Washington  is  timbering  the  new  shaft, 
and  building  a  new  40-ft  water  wheel  to  run  the  pump. 
Regular  mining  work  to  be  resumed  when  those  improve- 
ments are  finished.  The  Hathaway  gravel  claim,  situated 
on  Scotchman's  creek,  near  Washington,  is  prospering. 
They  have  about  4,000  inches  of  water,  with  a  fall  of  350 
ft.  Eight  white  men  are  regularly  employed,  and  30 
Chinamen  are  working  by  contract.  At  King's  Hill,  work 
is  progressing  as  usual,  and  the  mine  reported  looking 
well.  No  recent  clean-up  has  been  made.  The  last  crush- 
ing was  a  very  profitable  one  to  the  lessees.  The  ledge 
has  lately  opened  up  splendidly  on  the  Bouth  drift  of  the 
250  level.  Of  late  the  ledge  in  the  New  York  Hill  has  in- 
creased in  size,  more  men  have  been  put  to  work,  and 
everything  is  said  to  look  quite  favorable.  Work  on  the 
Cold  Spring  gravel  mine,  northeast  of  Nevada  City,  pro- 
gresses as  usual.  The  tunnel  is  being  pushed  ahead  en- 
ergetically. The  shaft  of  the  Knight  of  Malta  mine  is  to 
be  sunk  100  ft  deeper,  or  nearly  200  ft  in  alL  Tho  work 
was  commenced  a  week  ago,  and  good  progress  is  being 
made. 

PLACER. 

Gold  Run  Items.—  Argus,  May  17:  The  miners  at  this 
place  are  all  busily  at  work,  with  a  very  fair  prospect  of 
at  least  an  averaging  good  yield.  ,  The  Big  Bonanza  has 
had  two  clean-ups,  and  it  is  reported  that  the  company 
will  be  able  to  net  $16,000  per  month.  The  Towle  Bros., 
J.  L,  Gould  and  Col.  J.  F.  Moody  are  the  principal  owners. 
Twenty-five  to  30  men  are  employed  day  and  night,  and 
about  $1,500  inches  of  water  used.  The  Cedar  claim,  ad- 
joining the  Big  Bonanza,  has  had  three  clean-ups,  with 
satisfactory  results.  The  amount  is  not  named.  About 
15  men  are  constantly  employed  day  and  night. 

Dutcii  Flat. — The  Glen  mine,  owned  by  Andrew  Lar- 
son, is  one  of  the  best  in  the  county,  and  has  been  thor- 
oughly prospected  by  Mr.  Larson,  who  is  at  present  push- 
ing forward  the  work  on  his  tunnel,  which  he  has  already 
run  about  600  ft;  he  has  also  a  good  track  laid  and  an 
easy  grade.  After  running  about  50  ft  more  Mr.  Larson 
expects  to  strike  rich  paying  gravel. 

PLUMAS. 

Hungarian  Gulch.—  National,  May  10:  Some  time 
last  fall  a  company  consisting  of  Messrs.  Houek,  Sterrit, 
Brown  &  Gansner,  commenced  sinking  a  shaft  in  the 
mouth  of  Hungarian  ravine.  They  have  got  the  shaft  to 
bedrock,  at  a  depth  of  42  ft,  and  have  drifted  from  it 
about  15  ft.  Three  or  four  days  ago  they  struck  a  "lead," 
and  from  a  bucket  of  gravel  took  out  $15  in  coarse  gold. 
They  are  well  fitted  up  to  work,  a  lC-ft  overshot  wheel 
doing  the  pumping,  and  will  soon  be  rigged  to  hoiBt  the 
dirt.  The  old  gulch  was  worked  up  from  a  point  about 
500  ft  below  the  present  shaft,  and  paid  enormously. 

Plumas  National.— This  mine  is  Bhowing  up  well,  and 
has  every  indication  to  prove  it  a  permanent  and  valuable 
property.  The  workmen  in  the  lower  tunnel  reached  the 
ledge  about  a  week  ago,  after  running  840  ft,  the  Vein 
matter  coming  in  strong  and  showing  a  ledge  averaging 
four  and  a  half  ft  in  width,  prospecting  richly  in   free 


gold,  and  showing  a  superior  qualitv  of  quartz.  Tho  ore 
«  '"■  milling,  and  the  sulphurets  earn- considerable 
gold,  and  .ire  readily  worked  by  the  ordinary  mill  process 
Ric  distance  tram  lower  level  to  No  I  tunnel  with  the 
Incline,  Is  over $00  ft.    A  shaft  was  commenced  in  the 

tunnel  before  the  lodge  was   readied  below,  and  has  made 

ponffldermbli  U  .wing  the  wall  down,  and  show- 

ing it,.-  ore  body  oontlnueus  and  oomlng  In  strong  and 

will  defined,  lh«  ledge  In  places  showing  a  width  of  five 
tnd  Six  ft  Thiamine  hit)  one  ul  the  longest  bodies  of 
|>ay  ore  of  any  mine  in   the  enmity,  being  over  400   ft   In 

id  at  least  all  yean1  nm  ol  ore  will  be  shown  by 

thi  m  di  rt  lopments     Tht  mill,  ol  SO  sumps.  Is  one  of  the 

finest  m  the  Btaie,  having  all  the  modern  Improvements 

Gold  Strips  Hera     The  Gold  Stripe  la  another  of  the 

prominent  mining  industries  of  this  sedion.  Though 
hai  tng  been  worked  only  about  two  years  and  a  half,  this 
mm.    has  produced  a  large  amount' of  bullion,  and  baa 

also  made  very  extensive  improvements.  Ii  in  worked  by 
Hire,  tunnels,  the  lowest  being  on  a  level  with  tfafi  nnli, 
with  which  it  is  ennm  ded  In,  a  fine  and  BUbsl  intlal  tram- 
way.  The  lower  tunnel  bas  bei  a  runabout  1,800  ft,  where 

1!  struck  the  ledge,  The  present  work  is  being  conducted 
to  breast  out  sufficiently  tO  Start  a  series  of  stopes  that 
will  soon  be  able  to  Mipph  ibe  mill  with  ore.  The  mine 
has  also  a  large  resource  of  ore  in  the  upper  works. 

ttot  m-aix.- This  Ib  another  ol  the  large  working 
tnines  ol  ibis  section,  and  is  promising  well.  K  has  pro- 
duced over  §500,000  since  it  was  first  opened.  The  facili- 
ties for  working  and  cheapness  of  produottou  are  unsur- 
passed by  any  mine  In  this  State.    A  fine  BS-stamp  mill  is 

connected  with  tunnel  No.  IS,  and  is  run  by  water  power. 
Tho  water  is  brought  from  tho  immense  reservoir  in 
Hound  valley,  through  eight  miles  of  ditch. 

SIERRA. 
kaimuiw.— DownlevUIe  Meumger,  May  10:    The  old 

Rainbow  quartz  ledge,  at  Chips'  Flat,  is  to  be  opened  and 
prospected  by  men  of  ample  means  and  good  business 
capacity.  Last  December,  Win.  A.  Hanlcy,  an  old  resi- 
dent of  Alleghany,  organized  and  incorporated  a  com- 
pany, which  is  now  proceeding  in  a  systematic  manner  to 
re-open  this  once  famous  deposit,  which  once,  within  the 
space  of  50  by  200  ft,  yielded  nearly  8300,000,  in  gold. 
No  work  has  been  done  on  the  property  Bince  1804, 
for  the  reason  that  the  persons  owning  it  were  not  finan- 
cially able  to  put  on  the  necessary  machinery  to  keep  the 
works  clear  from  water.  During  the  intcvening  time, 
however,  the  hill  has  been  drained  by  lower  tunnels,  and 
although  the  owners  expect  to  encounter  considerable 
water,  the  task  of  handling  it  will  not  be  so  difficult  as  it 
would  have  been  15  years  ago.  The  following  gentlemen 
are  officers  of  the  company:  Trustees,  S.  C.  Farnum, 
(President)  N.  C.  Walton,  (Secretary)  J.  O.  Groves,  W.  A. 
Roberts  and  W.  A.  Hanley. 

Excitkment. — ! There  is  great  excitement  in  Sierra  City 
and  vicinity  over  the  recent  rich  gravel  discovery  in  the 
ridge  southeast  of  that  place.  From  one  wheelbarrow 
load  of  gravel  $3  was  obtained.  The  whole  country  has 
been  loeated,  if  reports  be  true.  An  immensely  rich  gravel 
deposit  underlies  this  ridge  for  many  miles. 
TUOLUMNE. 

Riverside  Mine.—  Independent,  May  17:  This  mine  is 
looking  up,  as  some  new  and  encouraging  features  have 
very  recentlj  been  developed,  which  is  expected,  from  the 
present  outlook,  will  provide  as  much  ore  above  the  old 
levels  as  has  been  extracted  heretotore.  A  parallel  vein 
has  been  discovered  a  few  ft  from  the  one  which  is  being 
worked  at  the  present  time,  and  which  has  proved  a  good 
milling  vein.  In  the  event  that  the  newly  discovered  vein 
is  of  as  high-grade  ore,  it  will  place  the  Riverside  mine  in 
the  front  rank  of  quartz  mines  in  tho  county,  considering 
the  facilities  the  company  have  at  command  for  working 
high-grade  ores.  The  work  of  running  the  lower  level,  to 
strike  the  old  vein  at  the  greatest  draining  depth,  is 
being  rapidly  pushed  forward  with  the  aid  of  the  Burleigh 
drills. 

Miscellaneous.— The  Mount  Jefferson  company  are 
still  digging  away,  but  have  not  struck  anything  yet 
There  is  a  new  mining  enterprise  started,  which  for  more 
than  makes  up  for  any  failure  on  the  part  of  the  former. 
The  mine  is  located  in  Dick  Barnes'  field,  in  the  lower 
part  of  the  town  of  Groveland,  about  50  yards  from  the 
main  street,  and  is  at  present  owned  by  three  enterprising 
young  men  from  San  Francisco.  They  have  recently 
crushed  about  12  tons  of  the  first  rock  taken  out,  in  the 
Mount  Jefferson  mill,  and  it  turned  out  far  above  their 
expectations;  yet  they  have  since  struck  it  richer  than 
ever.  They  have  worked  it,  so  far,  about  four  or  five  ft  in 
width,  but  have  no  wall  on  either  side.  Surface  indica- 
tions show  the  ledge  to  be  about  18  ft  in  width. 

NEVADA. 

WASHOE  DISTRICT. 

Sierra  Nevada.— Gold  Hill  News,  May  21 :  The  bottom 
of  the  incline  was  yesterday  within  10  ft  of  the  top  of  the 
2400  level.  The  bottom  is  in  a  very  fine  formation  of 
quartz,  containing  Btrcaks  of  rich  ore.  Its  dip  is  not  bo 
perpendicular  as  that  of  the  ore  body,  and  consequently  it 
has  been  carried  to  the  east  of  the  ledge  proper.  On  the 
2200  level  the  stopes  have  been  opened  out  from  the  north 
crosscut,  under  the  incline,  to  the  south  crosscut,  a  dis- 
tance of  08  ft,  and  12  ft  wide.  The  new  ore  houso  is  not 
quite  ready  for  use. 

Union  Con.— The  main  south  drift,  2300  level  (2200  level 
of  the  Sierra  Nevada),  is  in  148  ft,  and  is  encountering  a 
fine  vein  formation,  containing  promising  stringers  of 
quartz.  It  iB  being  run  entirely  outside  the  vein.  The 
main  north  drift,  2000  level,  continues  in  hard,  blasting 
porphyry,  and  has  its  face  300  ft  from  the  south  line. 

Belcher. — The  main  incline  has  reached  a  sufficient 
depth  below  the  2700  level  for  a  chute  for  the  station,  and 
it  is  being  put  in.  The  south  drift,  2500  level,  is  now  447 
ft  in  length,  and  is  being  pushed  along  the  west  side  of 
the  vein.  The  new  crosscut  on  this  level,  300  ft  south  of 
the  incline,  has  not  yet  reached  the  ledge. 

Con.  Imperial. — The  joint  Alpha  winze  is  now  down 
250  ft  on  the  slope  below  the  2400  level.  To  the  length  of 
the  north  drift,  2600  level,  40  ft  per  week  are  being  added, 
through  quartz  and  porphyry;  total  length,  278  ft. 

Ophir.— The  incline  is  60  ft,  on  the  slope,  below  the 
2300  station,  and  is  to  be  continued  on  down  to  the  2400 
level.  It  is  still  in  a  very  fine  and  promising  formation  of 
low-grade  quartz,  which  gives  indications  of  making  into 
something  better  when  prospected  further.  On  the  2000 
level  the  south  sill  floor  has  followed  the  vein  till  it  has 
widened  from  one  aud  one-half  ft  to  over  five  ft  of  good 
milling  ore. 

California.— The  stopes  yielded  the  past  week  an  aver- 
age of  157  tons  per  day,  which  has  now  been  increased. 
Thirty  ft  per  week  are  being  added  to  the  length  of  the 
joint  Con.  Virginia  west  drift,  850  level,  and  its  face  is 
now  185  ft  from  the  shaft,  in  hard  porphyry. 

Gould  &  Curry. — Thirty  ft  per  week  are  being  added  to 
the  length  of  the  joint  east  crosscut,  1700  level,  and  its 
face  is  now  014  ft  from  the  lateral  drift  in  hard,  blasting 
ground.  The  work  of  cleaning  out  and  retimbcring  the 
south  lateral  drift,  1700  level,  to  connect  with  the  Savage 
winze  has  been  receiving  required  attention. 

North  Bonanza  and  Flowery.— One  crosscut  is  on  the 
200  level  and  at  a  point  200  ft  north  of  the  shaft.  Another 
will  be  started  oil  the  same  level,  575  ft  further  north. 
The  third  will  be  on  the  300  level. 

Justice. —Streaks  and  bunches  of  ore  continue  to  be 
found  in  the  crosscut  1150  level,  the  drift  1300  level  along 
the  west  wall  of  the  vein,  the  lateral  drift  between  cross- 
cut five  and  six  same  level,  aud  in  crosscut  No.  1,  1550 
level. 

Alta.—  The  station,  1750  level,  of  the  joint  winze  has 
been  completed,  and  drifts  started  both  north  and  south 
as  bases  for  crosscuts. 

North  Con.  Virginia. — The  shaft  is  to  be  adapted  to 
the  use  of  skeets,  which  will  contain  about  three  tons  of 
rock  each,  and  as  soon  as  this  work  is  completed,  sinking 
will  receive  a  new  impetus. 

Best  &  Belcher.— The  joint  east  crosscut,  1700  level,  is 
being  driven  toward  the  perpendicular  of  the  new  joint 
east  shaft  at  the  rate  of  30  ft  per  week;  total  length  from 
the  lateral  drift,  914  ft,  its  face  in  porphyry. 


Continued  on  page  340. 


334 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[May  24,  1879. 


Practical   Divisibility  of   the   Electric 
Light —No.  2. 

A  paper,  "by  E.  J.  Molera  and  J.  C.  Cebrian,  read  before 
the  California  Academy  of  Sciences,  April  21st,  1879. 

Comparison  with  Gas  Lighting. 

Comparing  now  our  system  -with  gas  lighting, 
•we  must  observe  that  its  use  will  present  no 
difficulties  to  the  consumer;  the  motions  of  the 
prisms  and  the  secondary  lenses  will  be  as  easy 
as  the  turning  of  a  gas-key;  no  matches  will  be 
needed;  no  fear  that  a  burner  was  carelessly 
left  open;  and  no  machinery  required  for  that 
purpose  about  any  building.  Our  system  must 
certainly  have  all  the  advantages  of  the  electric 
light  upon  gaslight,  already  granted  and  men- 
tioned before.  The  only  Q  one  in  dispute  was 
about  the  cost,  which  our  system  lowers  to  an 
unprecedented  degree. 

To  prove  that  it  is  so,  we  will  examine:  1st. 
The  outlay  needed  to  put  up  a  system  of  light- 
ing; 2d.  The  running  expenses  of  the  enter- 
prise; and  3d;  The  waste  or  loss  of  the  system. 

1st.— Capital  Needed. 

The  pipes  used  in  our  system  are  not  subject 
to  any  especial  pressure,  may  be  of  any  mate- 
rial, and  need  no  gas-tight  joints;  therefore  their 
cost  when  laid  must  be  smaller  than  that  of 
gas  pipes.  The  price  of  the  prisms  or  reflectors 
will  certainly  cost  less  than  the  labor  of  making 
tight  joints. 

As  for  the  works  or  machinery  to  produce 
electric  light,  their  cost  is  exceedingly  below 
that  required  for  gas  works,  where  very  large 
spaces  are  needed,  and  costly,  huge  buildings 
and  machinery  required. 

One  important  item  is  the  outlay  made  by  the 
consumers  in  order  to  receive  the  light  in  their 
buildings.  Instead  of  the  costly  net  of  gas 
pipes  made  gas  tight,  our  system  requires  simply 
wooden  or  tin  boxes;  instead  of  the  expensive 
gas  burners,  brackets,  chandeliers,  etc.,  we 
need  only  a  set  of  prisms  and  lens,  of  a  low 
price,  that  will  never  wear  out,  and  never  need 
repairs  on  account  of  leakage.  *  The  advantages 
of  our  system  in  this  respect  are  self-evident. 

2d.— Running1  Expenses. 

As  for  the  running  expenses,  we  will  remark 
that  the  capacity  of  the  largest  dynamo -electric 
machines  in  operation  has  attained  the  rate  of 
6,000  candles  per  horse  power  spent.  It  has 
also  been  noticed  in  the  different  patterns  of 
dynamo-electric  machines  made,  that  when  the 
light-giving  power  increase^  three  times  or  over, 
the  horse  power  required  only  increases  twice. 
It  is  therefore  likely  that  a  machine  of  a  100- 
horse  power  will  have  a  capacity  of  over  15,000 
candles  per  horsepower.  Such  and  still  more 
advantageous  machines  will  be  used  in  our 
system. 

When  electric  light  is  produced  at  the  rate  of 
6,000  candles  per  horse  power,  its  mere  produc- 
tion costs  about  one-twentieth  the  cost  of  gas 
light.  When  produced  at  a  rate  twice  as  large, 
its  cost  must  be  less  than  one-fortieth  the  cost 
of  gas;  because  the  increase  in  the  production 
of  eleotric  light  does  not  require  a  proportional 
increase  in  labor  or  wages.  The  same  number 
of  attendants  will  take  care  of  an  electric  lamp 
and  a  chamber  of  light  giving  forth  1,000,000 
or  2,000,000  caudles;  and  a  200-horse  power 
steam  engine  does  not  require  twice  the  number 
of  attendants  than  an  engine  of  100-horse 
power.  Whereas,  in  gas  making,  as  the  gas 
produced  is  proportional  to  the  number  of  re- 
torts in  operation,  an  increase  in  the  production 
of  gas  must  require  a  proportional  increase  in 
labor  or  wages. 

3d— Waste. 

The  wastes  of  gas  making  are  many,  but  we 
will  only  mention  those  occurring  from  the  gas 
holder  to  the  gas  burners.  The '  waste  or  leak- 
ages through  the  street  pipes  has  been  com- 
puted at  from  5%  to  20% — we  will  put  it  at  only 
10%.  The  leakages  occurring  in  the  gas  pipes 
and  fixtures  of  buildings  are  from  20%  to  40% — 
let  us  estimate  them  at  only  20%.  The  waste  on 
account  of  defective  gas  burners  is  the  most  im- 
port— it  reaches  sometimes  to  86%  of  the  gas 
consumed;  in  London,  where  great  care  is  ex- 
ercised in  that  respect,  it  has  been  computed 
by  gas  engineers  that  fully  25%  is  lost  on  that 
account — we  will  put  the  average  at  only  40%. 
The  total  of  these  wastes  amounts  to  over  56% 
of  the  gas  manufactured.  Whereas  in  our  sys- 
tem the  wastes  are  only  8%  for  each  reflection, 
and  the  total  can  never  exceed  in  practice  50% 
— less  than  those  of  gas  distribution. 

The  faots  therefore  about  our  system  are: 

1st.  The  outlay  of  consumers  for  Ugh  ting  fix- 
tures is  smaller  for  our  system  than  for  the  gas 
system. 

2d.  The  capital  invested  for  lighting  works 
in  our  system  is  smaller  than  that  required  for 
gas  works. 

3d.  The  production  of  electric  light  by  our 
system  will  be  a  very  small  fraction  of  the  cost 
of  producing  gaslight. 

4th.  The  loss  or  waste  of  distributing  light 

*As  an  interesting  fact  we  will  notice  that  there  are  in 
San  Francisco  about  13,000  buildings  supplied  with  gas; 
the  average  cost  of  their  gas  pipes  and  gas  fixtures  is  at  a 
low  estimate  91,000  per  building;  making  in  all  813,000,- 
000,  which  is  more  than  twice  the  capital  needed  to  build 
new  gas  works  to  supply  the  whole  city.  The  repairs  of 
those  fixtures,  the  taxes  and  the  interest  of  that  money 
represent  over  $2,000,000  yearly;  whereas  the  total  amount 
of  the  yearly  gas  bills  paid  to  the  San  Francisco  Gas  Co.  is 
only  §1,500, 000.  Therefore  the  community  in  San  Francisco 
pays  on  account  of  the  gas  fixtures  nearlv  140%  of  what  it 
payi  for  gas  bills.  That  makes  the  price  of  gas  over  87 
per  thousand  instead  of  $3. 


by  our  system  will  be  smaller  than  that  occur- 
ring in  the  distribution  of  gas. 

The  legitimate  consequence,  therefore,  is  that 
our  optical  system  affords  the  means  of  produc- 
ing and  distributing  electric  light  in  a  city,  at  a 
mere  fraction  of  the  actual  price  of  gaslight. 

In  conclusion,  it  will  be  readily  seen  that  our 
system  can  be  adapted  to  all  purposes  of  light- 
ing. It  may  as  well  furnish  electric  light  to  a 
whole  city  from  an  original  station,  as  to  a  single 
building,  or  set  of  buildings. 

It  can  be  extended  in  a  most  fitting  manner 
to  the  lighting  of  mines,  without  fear  of  explo- 
sions, without  increasing  the  temperature  or 
contaminating  the  air;  and  the  light  can  always 
be  easily  shifted  to  the  precise  place  where  the 
work  is  being  done. 

In  ships  the  use  of  our  system  will  be  inval- 
uable, as  it  allows  not  only  to  have  powerful 
mast  lights,  but  on  account  of  the  minute  dis- 
tribution of  light,  every  department  in  the  ship 
may  be  lighted,  without  fear  of  conflagration. 

For  all  kinds  of  industries  and  commercial 
places^  where  danger  of  fire  is  to  be  apprehended, 
such  as  ioarehouse$,  storerooms,  powder  worhs 
and  magazines,  chemical  factories,  and  the  like, 
our  system  is  the  only  one  that  can  be  used,  as  it 
allows  to  have  all  the  light  needed,  without  the 
possibility  of  starting  any  fire. 

Our  system  will  also  allow  to  use  light  in 
places  where  formerly  it  was  unthought  of,  as 
for  instance,  in  railroad  tunnels. 

Finally,  for  all  large  institutions,  like,  colleges, 
libraries,  hospitals  and  asylums,  factories,  bar- 
racks, prisons  and  other  public  establishments, 
our  system,  besides  totally  preventing  fires,  has 
the  great  advantage  that  the  light  can  never  be 
meddled  with  by  the  inmates  of  the  institution, 
but  it  is  under  the  direct  control  of  only  one 
supervising  officer. 


[A  paper  by  E.  J.  Molera  and  J.  C.  Cebrian,  read  before 
the  California  Academy  of  Sciences,  May  5th,  1879.] 

In  the  following  paper  will  be  found  some 
additional  data  in  support  of  the  statements 
made  in  our  previous'  communication  upon  our 
new  system  for  the  practical  divisibility  of  the 
electric  light. 

I.    Number  of  Candles  Obtained  per  Horse- 
Power. 

Mr.  H.  Fontaine,  a  well-known  scientist,  and 
a  recognized  authority  in  matters  pertaining 
to  electricity,  declared  previous  to  1878  that  he 
has  several  times  obtained  electric  light  at  the 
rate  of  1,900  candles  per  horse  power.* 

Mr.  Tresca,  of  the  French  Institute,  reported 
to  the  Paris  Academy  of  Sciences  his  experi- 
ments made  in  1S75,  when  a  Gramme  machine 
of  about  18,000-candle  power  rendered  241  car- 
eel  burners  (2,270  candles)  per  horse  power.* 

In  the  experiments  made  in  1876-77  at  the 
South  Foreland  lighthouse  by  Prof.  Tyndall 
and  by  Mr.  J.  N.  Douglass,  the  Secretary  Engi- 
neer of  the  Trinity  House  Board,  they  obtained 
1,291  candles  per  horse  power,  t  In  1877  said 
Mr.  Douglass  saw  at  Paris  a  small  Gramme  ma- 
chine giving  3,000  candles  per  horse  power,  and 
he  adds  that  the  factory  had  just  sold  a  larger 
one  giving   3,839    candles    per    horse  power.£ 

In  August,  1877,  Mr.  J.  N.  Shoolbred,  mem- 
ber Institute  C.  E.,  stated  at  a  lecture  that  the 
Gramme  machines  could  give  3,000  candles  per 
horse  power.§ 

In  the  Scientific  American  Supplement  of 
March  9th,  1878,  it  is  said  that  the  electric  light 
was  tried  in  Paris  at  the  Palais  de  Vlndustrie, 
where  a  space  of  12,000  square  meters  waB  illu- 
minated by  two  electric  lusters  of  six  lamps 
each;  that  two  steam  engines  of  25-horse  power 
each  were  used,  and  the  light  was  equivalent  to 
about  300,000  candles,  which  gives  about  6,000 
candles  per  horse  power. 

We  will  now  remark  the  fact,  that  the  larger 
the  amount  of  electricity  produced  by  a  dynamo- 
electric  machine,  the  larger  is  its  light-giving 
capacity  per  horse  power  spent.  This  is  in  ac- 
cordance with  that  electrical  law  mentioned  in 
our  previous  communication,  and  quoted  among 
others  by  Wm  H.  Preece,  of  London,  ||  and  by 
Prof.  John  Le  Conte,of  California.**  The  lawis: 
that  when  an  electrical  current  is  divided  into 
sub-currents,  the  light-giving  power  of  each 
sub-current  is  less  than  inversely  proportional 
to  the  square  of  the  number  of  currents.  It  is 
then  natural  that  when  several  currents  are 
added  together,  the  result  will  be  larger  than 
the  sum  of  the  separate  currents,  as  was  practi- 
cally shown  by  the  experiment  made  by  Prof. 
Tyndall  at  the   South   Foreland  lighthouse.  t+ 

He  had  two  small  Siemens  machines  of  a  power 
of  4,446  candles  the  one  and  of  6,563  the  other, 
making  in  all  11,009  candles;  yet,  when  they 
were  coupled  so  as  to  feed  one  single  lamp,  the 
light  produced  was  13,179  candles,  or  19.7% 
over  the  former  figure,  with  the  same  expendi- 
ture of  power;  or  else,  they  could  have  produced 
the  same  amount  of  light  with  less  expenditure 
of  horse  power. 

It  has  also  been  found  that  whenever  the 
power  spent  in  a  machine  is  increased,  the  light 
produced  increases  in  a  greater  proportion  than 
the  power.  And  finally,  if  instead  of  adding  or 
coupling  together  two  separate  currents,  we 
produce  a  single  current  in  a  single  machine 
with  a  power  equal  to  the  sum  of  the  powers 
spent  in  the  two  former  currents,  the  result  is 
still  greater  than  20%  over  the  sum  of  said  two 

*H.  Fontaine,  "Eclairage  a  L'Electri-cite,"  Paris,  1877. 

t  Engineering,  Oct.  19th,  1877. 

X  Engineering,  Nov.  2d,  1877. 

§  Engineering,  Nov.  1st,  1878. 

||  Engineering,  Jan.  24th,  1879. 

**  Scibntifio  Press  Supplement,  No.  3. 

tt  Engineering,  Oct.  26th,  1877.  t 


currents,  as  will  be  seen  in  the  following  table 


Name  of 
Machine. 


Maximum 
capacity  in 
Candles. 


4,000 
6,000 
15,000 
25,000 
:  36,000 
^  50,000 

C  4,000 
\  12,000 
(  35,000 


No.  of 

Candles 

Fed. 


1 

1 
1 
1 
1 
1 

lor  2 
4,  or  5,  orf 

10  to  IS 


Horse 

Power 

Required. 


2 

% 

5 

8 
10 
13 

3i 
6l 
13 


No.  of  candles 

per 
Horse  power. 


2,000 
2,400 
3,000 
3,125 
3,600 


1,143 
1,846 
2,691 


The  smaller  duty,  or  production  per  horse 
power,  of  the  Brush  machines,  is  because  they 
are  made  to  feed  several  lamps,  whereas  the 
Gramme  machines  feed  one  single  lamp;  bo  that 
the  Brush  machines  may  be  considered  as  a 
combination  of  two  or  more  machines  of  about 
2,000  candles  each,  built  so  as  to  combine  to- 
gether two  or  more  of  them  in  one;  thus,  the 
12, 000  candle  machine  acts  as  a  combination  of 
six  machines  of  2,000  candles  or  less  each,  which 
may  work  independently  or  in  combination  of 
two  in  one.  The  difference  lays  in  this:  that 
six  separate  2,000  candle  machines  would  re- 
quire a  power  of  12  horses,  and  by  their  comb! 
nation  in  one  uachine,  the  required  power  is 
reduced  to  6£  horses.  All  of  which  corroborates 
the  above  stated  fact,  and  clearly  proves  that 
if,  at  present,  the  duty  of  dynamo- electric  ma- 
chines is  from  2,000  to  6,000  candles  per  horse 
power,  with  expenditures  varying  from  2  to  25 
horse  power,  when  we  have  a  machine  built  so 
as  to  be  run  by  100  or  500  horsepower,  its  duty 
will  certainly  increase  in  a  large  proportion. 

Such  machines  have  not  been  built,  because 
there  has  been  no  demand  for  them.  A  power- 
ful focus  of  light  has  no  practical  application 
but  for  lighthouse  purposes;  and  even  in  that 
case,  the  intensity  is  limited;  first,  on  account 
of  the  geographical  range,  further  than  which 
no  light  can  be  seen;  and  second,  because  in 
thick  weather  a  large  increase  in  intensity  does 
not  increase  the  optical  range  but  in  very  few 
feet.  In  fact,  the  only  serious  objection  made 
to  electric  light,  has  been  its  too  great  inten- 
sity, as  being  inadequate  to  the  general  pur- 
poses of  lighting.  For  instance,  four  lamps  of 
2,000  candles  each,  making  in  all  8, 000  candles, 
.and  being  properly  distributed,  will  giv*e  for  a 
large  space  a  more  efficient  illumination  than  a 
single  lamp  of  12,000  candles.  Thus,  a  check 
has  been  put  to  the  makers  of  dynamo- electric 
machines;  and  the  extent  of  the  practical  capa- 
bilities of  such  machines  has  remained  neces- 
sarily unknown.  But  as  soon  as  the  economical 
divisibility  of  the  electric  light  be  proved  as  a 
fact,  larger  machines  will  be  built  which  will 
take  advantage  of  the  above-mentioned  fact  or 
law,  and  will  cause  the  further  cheapening  of 
the  electric  light. 

Another  fact  that  proves  the  correctness  of 
the  above  theory,  which  we  have  seen  coincides 
so  well  with  the  practical  results  and  experi- 
ments of  the  above-mentioned  scientists,  is  the 
following  results,  obtained  by  Prof.  J.  "W. 
Draper,  of  New  York,  who  in  his  researches  on 
radiant  heat  found  that  the  light  of  ignited 
platinum  at  2,590°  was  more  than  36  times  as 
brilliant  as  when  the  temperature  was  only 
1,900°.* 

Now  the  temperature  produced  by  mechan- 
ical means  is  directly  proportional  to  the  work, 
yet  the  light  corresponding  to  the  increase  of 
work  or  heat  is  a  very  rapidly  progressing  pro- 
portion. 

II.— Coat  of  Electric  Light. 

Mr.  R.  Briggs,  C.  E.,  of  Philadelphia,  has 
calculated  the  theoretical  relation  of  the  values 
of  gaslight  and  electric  light,  taking  as  basis 
the  very  low  figure  of  the  experiments  of  the 
Franklin  Institute;  and  computing  the  heat-unity 
absorbed  by  a  standard  candle  produced  by  coal 
gas  and  by  electricity,  he  finds: 

Heat  units  consumed  by  gaslight  100. 
Heat  units  consumed  by  electric  light  —  1 
But  considering  that  in  those  experiments  only 
one-third  of  the  horse  power  was  spent  in  the 
light,  and  the  other  two-thirds  were  necessarily 
lost, the  above  relation  is  reduced  to  34-r  1.+  We 
must  remark,  however,  that  the  Franklin  In- 
stitute experiments,  showing  380  candles  per 
horse  power,  must  have  been  made  with  in- 
ferior kinds  of  dynamo-electric  machines,  as 
other  competent  experts  of  different  countries 
find  a  duty  per  horse  power  over  five  times 
greater;  in  which  case  the  above  relations  would 
be  more  favorable  still  to  the  electric  light; 
and  even  President  H.  Morton,  who  is  not  an 
advocate  of  the  electric  light,  stated  in  1878, 
that  the  Brush  and  other  machines,  render  light 
up  to  1,200  candles  per  horse  power.  § 

Similarly  to  Mr.  Briggs's  method,  we  may 
find  the  practical  relation  between  the  costs  of 
the  two  lights,  as  follows:  One  cubic  foot 
of  gas  comes  from  one-quater  pound  of  coal;  one 
pound  of  coal  is  equivalent  to  15,000  heat  units; 
Therefore  15,000-r4-3,725  heat  units  cor- 
respond to  1  cubic  foot  gas;  now  the  merchant- 
able residues  of  gas  making  amount  in  Bristol 
to  less  than  30%  of  the  cost  of  coal;  J  and  in 
America  to  much  less  than  in  Bristol;!!  allowing 
then  30%,  we  must  subtract  from  the  3,725 
units  30-^-100x3,725=1,117,  leaving  thus  3,609 
heat  units  corresponding  to  1  cubic  foot  of  gas, 
which  equals  3  standard  candles;  hence  a  stand- 
ard candle  represents  3, 60S -f  3  =  1,203  heat 
units  expended. 

Now,  for  electricity,  we  know  that  a  horse 
power  consumes  from  2  to  6  pounds  of  coal  per 

*  J.  W.  Draper's  Scientific  Memoirs,  p.  41,  N.  Y.,  1878. 

t Engineering,  October  18th,  1878- 

§Addresa  before  the  American  Gaslight  Association. 

\Engineering,  December  27th,  1878. 

||S.  F,  Gaa  Co.  Reporta. 


hour;  taking  the  6  pounds,.  1-horse  power  will 
be  equivalent  to  90,000  heat  units  per  hour;  if 
we  call  JW  the  number  of  candles  produced  by 
1-horse  power,  90,000  -¥  N  will  represent  the 
number  of  heat  units  per  candle  power  spent 
by  electricity;  the  relation  then  stands: 

Heat      consumed      by      gas      1,203 

-  -■-  -  ~:        — -JJ ;  therefore 


Heat  consumed  by  electricity 


.  1,2Q3_ 

"90, 000  ~ 

N 


When  #=500  candles,  then  R= — 
1 
13.2 
"      JV=1,000      "  "      £=— 

1 

26.7 
"      JV=2,000      "  "      R= — 


40 

R=— 

1 


iV=3,000 


And  so  on.  These  relations  are  not  exagger- 
ated because  we  have  to  add  to  the  cost  of  the 
fuel  the  cost  of  carbon  points. 

This  is  why  Dr.  Siemens,  of  London,  said 
that  one  pound  of  coal  thrown  into  the  engine 
that  drives  an  electric  machine,  will  give  15 
times  more  light  than  if  thrown  into  a  gas  re- 
tort to  make  coal  gas.  * 

This  also  proves  the  assertion  of  Mr.  H.  Fon- 
taine, mentioned  above,  who,  after  several  years  I 
of  constant  experiments,  and  careful  attention 
to  this  subject,  has  come  to  the  conclusion, 
since  1877,  that  whenever  the  electric  light  is 
produced  in  quantities  of  300  candles  or  more, 
it  is  cheaper  than  gaslight,  and  when  produced 
in  amounts  of  7,500  candles  and  over,  even  if 
three-fourths  of  said  amounts  are  wasted,  the 
electric  light  is  much  cheaper  than  gaslight. 

For  practical  instances  of  the  cheapness  of  the 
electric  light  we  will  remind  you  of  the  trial 
made  as  early  as  in  1873-74  at  the  tower  of  the 
Houses  of  Parliament,  London,  where  an  old 
pattern  of  the  Gramme  machine  was  used:  the 
light  was  of  7,000  candles  ;  its  actual  cost  one- 
eighth  the  price  of  London  gas.t 

Later,  the  comparison  between  the  two  lights 
made  by  the  engineers  of  the  Trinity  House 
Board  was,  that  when  the  intensity  of  gaslight 
was  two-thirds  of  that  of  the  electric  light,  the 
cost  of  gas  was  one-third  above  that  of  elec- 
tricity. X 

Again,  the  use  of  the  Jablochkoff*  system  at 
the  Hotel  and  Magasins  du  Louvre  in  Paris  for 
over  18  months,  since  1877,  shows  that  they  are 
spending  for  light  two-thirds  of  what  they  used 
to  pay  for  gas  bills,  and  they  get  nearly  three 
times  as  ^much  light  as  before.  §  We  will  re- 
mark that  the  Jablochkoff's  is  not  the  cheapest 
electrical  system. 

Then,  we  have  the  instance  of  the  Albert 
hall,  London,  last  February,  where  the  actual 
cost  of  the  electric  light  was  one-third  the 
amount  of  the  gas  bill,  at  London  prices  ;  and 
which,  at  the  San  Francisco  prices,  would  have 
been  less  than  one-sixth  the  cost  of  gas.il 

Then,  we  have  the  statement  of  Mr.  Geo. 
Deacon,  the  engineer  of  the  town  council  of 
Liverpool,  who  was  sent  to  Paris  during  the 
summer  of  1878.  for  the  especial  purpose  of 
studying  the  lighting  question.  In  his  able  and 
full  report,  he  advises  the  town  council  not  to 
adopt  yet  the  electric  light,  on  account  of  the 
difficulty  of  managing  it.  But  he  admits,  as 
far  as  the  cost  of  production  goes,  that  when  pro- 
duced at  the  rate  of  15,000  candles,  the  cost  of 
electric  light  has  been  as  low  as  one-fifth  the  cost 
of  gaslight.** 

Then  Mr.  J.  H.  Schoolbred,  already  men- 
tioned, brought  to  notice,  last  December,  sev- 
eral instances  of  actual  practice,  where  the  cost 
of  electric  light  is  a  fraction  of  that  of  gaslight,  ft 

Finally,  Mr.  J.  N.  Douglass,  also  mentioned 
above,  at  a  lecture  delivered  last  March,  stated 
the  conclusions  arrived  at,  after  the  extensive 
and  exhaustive  experiments  carried  on  at  dif- 
ferent times  by  the  Trinity  House  Corporation. 
He  said  that  for  an  intensity  of  light  of  5,000 
candles  and  upwards,  electric  light  is  cheaper 
than  gaslight;  that  for  said  intensity  of  5,000 
candles,  the  cost  of  electric  light  is  less  than 
half  the  cost  of  gaslight;  and  that  electric  light 
decreases  in  cost  per  unit  in  ratio  of  its  aug- 
mented power,  no  further  addition  to  the  work- 
ing staff  and  but  little  extra  expenditure  for 
buildings  and  plant  being  necessary  for  an  in- 
tensity of  40,000  candles.  ££ 

To  present  any  more  practical  instances 
would  be  tiresome  for  you. 

Here  we  have  the  definite  statements  of  sev- 
eral experts,  all  well  qualified  in  every  respect 
for  this  question;  they  take  different  series  of 
experiments,  made  at  different  localities,  as 
basis  for  their  assertions;  and  they  all  come  to 
the  conclusion  that  in  amounts  not  larger  than 
15,000  candles,  electric  light  costs  from  one- 
fifth  to  one-eighth  of  the  cost  of  gaslight.  And 
one  of  the  experts  declares  that  practice  cor- 
roborates the  fact  that  for  larger  intensities 
the  cost  per  unit  of  electric  light  decreases  in 
ratio  of  its  augmented  power. 

Therefore  it  is  quite  natural  that  when  the 
electric  light  be  produced,  not  in  amounts  of 
15,000  candles,  but  in  amounts  of  1,000,000  or 
2,000,000  candles,  its  cost  will  not  be  more 
than  one-twentieth  that  of  gas,  as  we  had 
stated. 
III.- Losses  or  Waste  of  our  Optical  System. 

These  are  due  to  the  reflections  and  ref rac« 
tions  of  light ;    and  to  the  absorbtion  of  the 

^Siemens  Annual  Address,  Engineering,  Feb.  8th,  1878. 

t  Engineering,  December  20th,  1878. 

XEngineering,  December  20th,  1878. 

%  Engineering,  December  27th,  1878. 

j|  Engineering,  February  28th,  1879. 

** Engineering,  February  21st,  1879. 

tt  Engineering,  December  6th,  1878. 

XX Engineering,  March  28th,  1879, 


May  24,  1879.'] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


335 


Atmosphere  on  account  of  the  distance  traveled 
by  the  light. 

There  will  be  not  more  than  six  reflections  or 
changes  of  direction  of  light  needed  to  put  our 
system  in  practice. 

In  the  Btreeta  we  can  always  go  from  a  cross- 
ing to  any  place  in  a  city,  having  rectangular 
blocks,  with  one  change  of  direction.  Only  in 
the  case  of  going  into  an  alley  in  the  middle  of 
a  block,  there  will  be  needed  two  changes. 
Considering  that  such  cases  are  comparatively 
few,  and  that  the  streets  where  the  main  beams 
of  light  are  have  no  change  of  direction,  we  may 
say  that  one  change  of  direction  or  one  reflection 
is  needed  to  supply  streets  with  light. 

For  buildings  we  need  one  change  of  direction 
from  the  street  main  to  the  service  pipe;  a 
•econd  change  from  the  service  pipe  into  a  verti- 
cal supply  pipe;  a  third  change  from  the  latter 
into  the  different  horizontal  supply  pipes  for 
every  floor;  the  rooms  that  are  not  in  the  line 
of  the  horizontal  supply  pipe  need  a  fourth 
change  from  it  into  a  lateral  branch;  then  we 
need  at  every  room  a  fifth  change  of  direction 
to  go  from  the  last  pipe  into  the  room.  That 
makes  five  changes  of  direction  or  five  reflec- 
tions, at  most,  needed  to  supply  a  building  with 
light. 

The  street  lamps  will  need  from  two  to  four 
reflections,  according  to  location.  The  sum  of 
all  these  reflections  gives  an  average  of  less  than 
six,  as  said  before. 

Then  our  light  has  to  pass  through  the  primary 
lenses  or  chamber  of  light,  and  through  the 
secondary  lenses.  Every  time  that  light  passes 
tii rough  one  lens,  it  losses  about  G  ■  of  its  inten- 
sity, according  to  the  mean  of  Sir  J.  Herschel's 
and  Lambert's  experiments.* 

And  according  to  Sir  Herschelt  and  Dr.  Lom- 
raeli  the  loss  of  light  by  reflection  is: 

After  reflection  on  polished  glass about  96% 

'*           '*         "  mercury "  40% 

"            "          "  polished  speculum  metal. .       "  34% 

"            "          "        "        Bllver "  0% 

"  "         through   u.  totally   refracting 

prism "  8*s 

Therefore  the  losses  of  our  system  will  be  : 
First,  a  loss  of  6%,  then  six  successive  losses  of 
8%  each;  then  another  loss  of  6%. 

If  we  call  L  the  intensity  of  the  original 
light,  and  L1  that  of  the  distributed  light,  the 
formula  to  find  Ll  will  be  this  : 

Lx(94)2  x(92)6 
L  (WO)* -53.57  L; 

the  loss,  then,  amounts  to  46.43%. 

As  for  the  loss  due  to  absorbtion  in  the  travel 
of  light  along  the  tubes,  we  find  that  according 
to  accurate  experiments  made  by  Mr.  Bouger,§  a 
well-known  French  scientist,  light  loses  2.7% 
in  intensity  after  passing  through  a  stratum  of 
pure  atmosphere  one  kilometer  in  thickness. 
Then,  Maj.  P.  C.  Hainsll,  the  Engineer  Secre- 
tary of  the  L.  H.  Board,  U.  S.  A.,  says  that  ac- 
cording to  experiments  made  all  along  the  Atlan- 
tic coast,  the  transparency  of  the  atmosphere  is 
such  that,  during  six  months  in  the  year,  light 
will  lose  only  9.7%  in  traversing  said  distance 
of  one  kilometer;  that  in  some  cases  the  tran- 
sparency is  such  as  to  cause  a  loss  of  only  3.4%, 
although  in  some  case*  the  loss  amounts  to  25%. 

Now,  considering  that  the  pipes  enclosing  the 
light  are  not  subject  to  the  atmospheric  changes 
of  weather,  that  occur  along  the  shore  line 
where  said  experiments  were  carried,  we  may 
safely  assume  that,  in  our  case,  wo  will  not  lose 
more  than  10%  for  that  distance:  1  kilometer 
=3,281  feet;  calculating  the  losses  for  various 
distances,  we  find: 

Losa  at    400  ft.  distance 012 

Loss  at    800  ft.  distance 023 

Loss  at  1600  ft.  distance 047 

Losa  at  3200  ft.  distance , 097 

In  a  city  the  central  stations  of  light,  where- 
from  to  distribute  it,  need  not  be  more  than 
6,400  feet  apart.  With  such  distances  in  San 
Francisco,  four  stations  would  be  enough  to  sup- 
ply all  that  part  of  the  city  inside  of  the  charter 
line  of  1851.  In  such  a  case,  the  loss  for  the 
most  distant  point  will  be  9.7%  ;  but  the  aver- 
age loss  will  be  that  corresponding  to  a  distance 
01  1,600  feet,  which  is  4.7%.  That  Iobs,  on  our 
last  amount  of  light  of  53.57L,  gives  an  addi- 
tional loss  of  2.52,  which,  added  to  our  former 
losa  of  46.43,  makes  a  total  loss  of  48.95%,  or 
less  than  50%.  And  the  formula  to  find  the 
final  amount  of  light,  I,  received  by  the  consum- 
ers will  be: 

_    U  x95.3    Lx942  x  926  x95.3 

*=     100       * (IW =51.0BL. 

IV-  Other  Economical  Advantages  of  our 
System. 

But  besides  these  losseB,  our  system  can  easily 
take  advantage  of  an  additional  source  of  light, 
because,  as  Mr.  J.  Jamin,  of  the  Paris  Academy 
of  Sciences,  stated  last  year,**  the  quinine  buI- 
phate  has  the  property  of  changing  the  blue, 
violet,  and  ultra-violet  rays  into  white  light, 
and,  at  the  same  time,  it  renders  visible  and 
useful,  radiations  which  the  eye  could  not  per- 
ceive, thus  adding  considerably  to  the  brilliancy 
or  intensity  of  the  light.  Uranium  glass,  and 
many  other  substances,  act  in  the  same  manner, 
and  present  the  means  of  suppressing  the  rays 
which  are  objectionable  in  the  electric  light. 

In  order  to  take  advantage  of  this  property, 
we  have  only  to  surround  any  electric  light   by 

""The  Telescope"  by  J.  Herschel,  Encyclopedia  Brit. 

f'The  Telescope"  by  J.  Herschel,  Encyclopedia  Brit. 

JDr.  Lommel,  "Nature  of  Light." 

§  "L.  Reynaud  Lighthouse  Illumination,  "translated  by 
Maj.  P.  C.  Hains. 

U  "L.  Raynaud  Lighthouse  Illumination,  "translated  by 
Maj.  P.  C.  HainH. 

**J.  Jamin,  "Electrical  Illumination,"  Remit  det  deux 
Mondee. 


some  of  those  substances.  But  in  the  methods 
of  electric  lighting  heretofore  proposed,  where 
a  great  number  of  electric  lamps  are  used,  such 
a  process  would  be  extremely  expensive,  ineon- 
venient,  and  liable  to  get  out  of  order. 
Whereas  our  proposed  method  of  distributing 
light  renders  that  operation  as  simple  and  low* 
priced  as  possible;  because  we  need  to  surround 
only  one  chamber  of  light  with  the  required  sub- 
stance,  and  all  the  smaller  lights  fed  by  it, 
whether  in  hundreds  or  in  thousands,  will  be 
affected  accordingly.  Consequently  the  loss  of 
49%,  hereinbefore  mentioned,  may,  on  account 
of  this  circumstance,  be  greatly  reduced,  with 
almost  no  expense. 

Another  of  the  great  economical  advantages 
of  our  new  system  of  divisibility  of  the  electric 
light  upon  any  other  is  on  account  of  the  con- 
ductor connecting  the  generator  of  electricity 
with  the  lamp  or  lamps. 

As  we  have  said,  the  expense  for  electric 
conductors  in  a  city  will  be  enormous;  but  they 
have  Btill  another  advantage,  as  being  a  great 
source  of  loss  of  electricity.  Mr.  J.  N.  Doug- 
lass, in  the  experiments  above  mentioned,  found 
that  when  the  current  of  electricity  traveled  a 
distance  of  about  1,300  feet,  before  reaching  the 
lamp,  the  intensity  of  light  suffered  a  losa  from 
58%  to  80%;  and  for  a  distance  of  600  feet,  from 
27  I  to  37%.  Then  Messrs.  Siemens,  the  engi- 
neers of  Loudon,  furnished  a  larger  cable,  as 
conductor.  It  was  well  insulated  and  especially 
adapted  for  their  dynamo-electric  machines;  and 
even  then  the  loss  of  light  in  a  distance  of  1,400 
feet  varied  from  23%  to  35%.* 

As  in  our  system  of  distribution  of  light,  the 
dynamo- electric  machine  may  always  be  placed 
a  few  feet  only  from  the  electric  lamp,  it  is  evi- 
dent that  our  system  is  the  only  one  which  can 
avoid  both  the  high  expense  of  cables  and  con- 
ductors, and  the  losses  they  produce. 

In  conclusion,  we  will  compare  the  practical 
distribution  of  a  light  produced  by  a  25  horse- 
power engine,  or  15,000  candle  light,  which  is  not 
the  most  advantageous  case  we  might  take,  and 
we  will  see  what  amount  of  light  we  will  obtain 
by  the  different  proposed  methoda. 

In  the  Jablochkoff  method  we  will  obtain  25 
burners  of  less  than  940  candleB  each,  or  less 
than  23,500  candles  in  the  aggregate,  provided 
it  is  possible  to  build  a  machine  of  25  horse 
power,  feeding  25  lamps  ;  heretofore  only  16  or 
20  lamps  have  been  fed. 

In  the  Edison  system,  according  to  the  most 
recent  reports,  with  2£  horse-power  engine,  14 
lamps  are  obtained  of  from  18  to  20  candle 
power  each.  If  we  take  a  25  horse-power  ma- 
chine we  will  obtain  10  times  as  much  elec- 
tricity, but  then  the  number  of  lamps  increasing 
to  140  for  instance,  the  loss  will  increase  in  a 
larger  proportion  ;  therefore  we  will  take  10 
machines  of  2£  horse  power  each,  and  will  ob- 
tain 140  lamps  of  20  candles  each. 

In  the  Brush  system  we  will  obtain  36  lamps, 
giving  70,000  candles  in  all. 

Iu  the  Werdermann  Bystem,  2  horse  power 
gives  10  lamps  of  40  candles  each  ;  taking  13 
such  machines  we  would  obtain  130  lamps  of  40 
candles. 

In  our  system  we  will  obtain  82,500  candles, 
which  can  be  divided  into  8,250  lights  of  10 
candles  each,  or  4,124  lights  of  20  candles  each. 
Now  we  have: 


NAME. 

No.  of 
Lights. 

Total 
Candle  Power, 

ADAPTATION. 

JahlochkoflF. 

25 
130 
36 
140 
82,500 

23,500 
5,200 

70,000 
2,800 

82,500 

-.arge  spaces. 
Small  spaces, 
iarge  spaces. 
Small  spaces, 
.iarge  and  small 
spaces. 

Wolera  &  Cebrian. 

Or  taking  the  horse  power  per  unit: 

NAME. 

Number  0 
Lights. 

Candle  Power. 

1 

5,2 

1.44 

6.6 

3,300 

1877. 
led.] 

2,800 

8,700 

+ Engineering,  October  26th, 
[Conclu 

A  Singular  and  Valuable  Curiosity. — A 
specimen  of  the  handiwork  of  the  ancient 
Spanish  miners  inhabiting  this  Territory  waB 
brought  to  town  from  the  Cerrillos  mines,  a  day 
or  two  Bince,  and  ia  now  on  exhibition  at  the 
office  of  Gen.  Atkinson.  It  is  a  casting  from 
what  seems  to  be  pure  silver,  and  is,  taking  a 
front  view,  in  the  shape  of  a  crown.  At  the 
base  it  is  '2\  inches  thick,  at  the  top  2  inches, 
and  at  the  sides  \\  inches.  Its  greatest  width 
is  6^  inches,  and  from  the  top  to  the  bottom  6 
inches.  Its  weight  is  9  pounds  and  14  ounces. 
If  pure  silver,  its  intrinsic  value  is  about  §150, 
but  there  ia  Bupposed  to  be  some  gold  in  it, 
which,  of  course,  would  add  to  its  value.  This 
remarkable  ingot  was  discovered  under  a  boul- 
der, about  half  a  mile  to  the  southeast  of  the 
celebrated  Turquise  mine,  in  the  midst  of  the 
new  discoveries.  It  must  have  lain  there  at 
the  least  since  1680,  as  no  working  in  these 
mines  was  done  by  the  Spaniards  after  the  up- 
raising of  the  Indians  during  that  year.  It  ia 
well  known  that  royalties  were  required  of  the 
miners  by  the  old  kings  of  Spain,  and  this  may 
have  been  cast  to  be  used  in  payment  of  his  de- 
mand; but  on  account  of  its  peculiar  form  it  is 
more  likely  that  it  was  intended  as  a  present  to 
the  king.  Whatever  may  be  the  true  solution 
of  the  question,  it  certainly  is  one  of  the  moat 
interesting  curiosities  ever  found  in  this  region 
of  country. — Santa  Fe  Nexo  Mexican. 


Useful   Iflpo^piiAjioM. 


C'oNsiMiTinN  of  RUBBRR. — The  consumption 
of  rubber  by  our  manufacturers  continues  as 
large  as  ever,  imports  amounting  to  about  12,- 
00(1,000  pounds  per  annum,  chiefly  from  South 
America.  The  price  ranges  from  20  to  50  cents 
per  pound,  the  cheaper  grades  coming  from 
Africa  and  the  finest  from  the  valley  of  the 
Amazon,  where  the  trees  producing  it  abound 
over  a  vast  region,  one-half  of  the  entire  yield 
going  to  the  United  States.  The  consumption 
iu  the  manufacture  of  shoes  equals  the  demand 
for  all  other  purposes.  In  the  manufacture  of 
rubber  from  8%  to  10%  of  sulphur,  and  various 
metallic  oxides — chiefly  lead  and  zinc — are  com- 
bined with  it;  thequautity  of  the  latter  depend- 
ing on  the  degree  of  elasticity  and  other  pro- 
perties required  in  the  article  to  be  manufac- 
tured; and  to  judiciously  combine  these  sub- 
Btances  with  the  rubber  in  suitable  proportions 
to  produce  the  desired  end,  as  well  as  in  properly 
vulcanizing  it  afterwards,  requires  great  experi- 
ence and  skill.  A  certain  degree  of  honesty  on 
the  part  of  the  manufacturer  is  also  essential  to 
abstain  from  introducing  mere  adulterating  sub- 
stances into  his  "compounds,"  and  thus  cheapen 
the  product  at  the  expense  of  its  quality. 

A  New  Process  for  Copying  Bra  wings. — 
The  Engineer  describes  a  new  process  for  copy- 
ing drawings,  when  only  a  few  copies  are 
needed,  say  20  or  25,  as  follows  :  It  has  lately 
been  brought  out  in  Paris,  and  is  said  to  be  very 
useful.  The  apparatus  consists  of  a  shallow 
zinc  tray,  in  which  ia  contained  a  smooth,  jelly- 
like, cream-colored  substance,  resembling  in 
some  degree  partially  solidified  flour  paste. 
The  drawing  to  be  copied  ib  made  with  a  special 
ink.  As  Boon  as  it  is  dry  it  is  turned  face  down- 
ward on  the  contents  of  the  tray.  The  back  of 
the  drawing  is  then  rubbed  over  with  the  hand. 
The  sheet  ia  then  lifted  up,  leaving  much  of  the 
ink  transferred  to  the  Bubstance  in  the  tray. 
A  sheet  of  clean  paper  now  takes  the  place  of 
the  drawing,  and  by  rubbing  it  ever  gently 
with  the  hand  an  accurate  copy  of  the  original 
is  obtained.  With  care,  as  many  aa  100  copies 
can  be  had.  When  all  that  are  needed  have 
been  taken,  the  composition  in  the  tray  is 
washed  with  a  damp  sponge,  and  ia  then  ready 
for  use  again.  The  nature  of  the  composition 
has  not  been  made  public. 

Process  for  Preparing  Sulphate  of  Bary- 
ta for  Painting.— Pure  amorphous  sulphate  of 
baryta  may  be  used  as  a  water  color,  but  not 
as  an  oil  paint.  The  sulphate  gained  by  pre- 
cipitation by  sulphuric  acid  of  the  chloride  or 
some  other  Boluble  baryta  salt,  called  "  blanc 
fixe,"  forms,  mixed  with  linseed  oil,  a  glassy, 
granular  mass.  The  precipitate  obtained  by  a 
solution  of  sulphate  behaves  similarly,  although 
in  an  inferior  degree.  Meissner  proposes  to 
dry  the  precipitate  obtained  by  means  of  a  sul- 
phate, and  heating  the  same  as  soon  as  possible 
after  precipitation  to  a  red  heat  in  a  muffle. 
The  mass  is,  while  yet  glowing,  thrown  into 
water.  By  this  sudden  change  of  temperature 
the  sulphate  of  baryta  is  altered  to  a  consider- 
able degree.  After  being  dried,  ground  and  levi- 
gated with  a  small  quantity  of  linaeed  oil,  it 
mixes  readily  with  the  required  proportion  of 
the  latter,  and  forms  a  white  paint  equal  in  all 
respects  to  white  lead.  If  the  paint  ahall  mere- 
ly serve  as  a  body  for  different  shades  of  other 
colors,  the  latter  must  be  added  to  the  water. — 
Deutsche  Qetoerbe  Zeitung, 


A  Varnish  for  Replacing  Turpentine  and 
Linseed  Oil  Paints. — Fr.  Thiea,  of  Bissendorf, 
prepares  a  varnish  consisting  of  100  parts  of 
colophonium,  20  parts  of  crystallized  carbonate 
of  sodium,  and  50  parts  of  water,  by  heating 
these  substances  together  and  mixing  them  with 
a  solution  of  24  parts  of  strong  liquor  of  am- 
monia in  250  parts  of  water.  With  the  mass 
thus  obtained,  the  pigmenta  are  levigated  with- 
out the  addition  of  linaeed  oil  or  turpentine; 
the  paint  dries  readily  without  the  aid  of  a 
drier,  and  looks  very  well  especially  when  var- 
nished. The  paint  keeps  well  even  under  wa- 
ter and  becomes  very  hard.  The  coat  is  said 
to  amouut  to  about  one-third  of  that  of  ordi- 
nary oil  painta. — Deutsche  Qewerbe  Zeitung. 

Feathers  in  Textiles. — According  to  the 
Paris  Figaro,  the  shopa  will  Boon  have  the  new 
textiles  in  feathers  and  wool  and  cotton  on  sale. 
This  is  an  invention  of  M.  Bourguignon,  of  Don- 
chery,  who  has  found  how  to  weave  feathers 
(deprived  of  the  horny  substance)  and  incorpor- 
ate them  with  woolen  and  cotton  yarns  in  pro- 
portions varying  from  10%  to  75%.  Some  very 
fine  textiles  are  thus  made,  and  especially  a 
flannel  which  for  warmth  and  lightness  is  unap- 
proachable. 

Purifying  Oil  of  Cognac. — The  beautiful 
green  color  so  often  met  with  in  the  oil  of  cog- 
nac, imported  from  Europe,  is  generally  derived 
from  an  appreciable  quantity  of  copper,  which, 
of  course,  must  render  the  liquor  made  from  it 
highly  injurious.  To  purify  the  oil  heat  it  to 
about  114°  F.,  and  shake  with  one-tenth  of  its 
volume  or  a  saturated  solution  of  tartaric  acid. 
Set  aside  for  one-half  hour  and  filter. 


Qood   Heaj.'tH. 


To  Chill  Cast  Iron  Very  Hard. — Use  a 
liquid  made  as  follows:  Soft  water,  10  gallons; 
salt,  1  peck;  oil  vitriol,  \  pint;  saltpeter,  \ 
pound;  prussiate  of  potash,  \  pound;  cyanide 
of  potash,  i  pound.  Heat  the  iron  a  cherry- 
red  and  dip  as  usual,  and  if  wanted  harder,  re- 
peat the  process. 


Faintness  and  its  Causes. 

Faintness  consists  in  a  temporary  failure  of 
the  activity  of  the  heart;  the  blood,  in  conse- 
quence, is  not  properly  circulated.  It  does  not 
reach  the  head,  and  the  patient  loses  clearness 
of  vision  and  color,  and,  if  not  prevented,  falls 
to  the  floor,  where,  however,  or  even  before 
reaching  it,  he  recovers.  There  ia  no  convul- 
sion, and,  though  he  can  scarcely  be  said  to  be 
conscious,  ho  is  not  profoundly  unconscious,  so 
as  not  to  be  able  to  be  aroused,  as  happens  in 
epilepsy. 

There  are  alldegreea  of  faintness,  from  merely 
feeling  faint  and  lookiug  slightly  pale,  to  the 
state  we  have  described;  and  in  some  casta  the 
state  of  fainting  is  hardly  recovered  from  well 
before  it  recurs  again  and  again,  for  hours  and 
days  together.  We  need  hardly  aay  that  such 
cases  aa  the  latter  are  altogether  beyond  the 
reach  of  domestic  medicine.  What  are  the 
causes  of  faintness?  It  is  not  very  difficult  to 
describe  these.  Some  people  are  so  easily 
affected  that  they  faint  if  they  cut  their  finger, 
or  even  if  they  only  see  the  cut  finger  of  another 
person.  All  one  can  say  of  auch  persons  ia  that 
their  muscular  fiber  is  not  strong  and  that  their 
nerveB  are  sensitive.  The  heart,  which  goes  on 
for  years  circulating  the  blood,  is  essentially  a 
muscle.  It  is  weak  in  some  people,  Btronger  in 
others.  As  a  rule  it  is  weaker  in  women  and 
stronger  in  men.  Hence  women  faint  more 
rapidly  than  men.  Whatever  weakenB  the  heart 
and  the  muscles  generally  acts  as  a  cause  of 
faintness.  Close,  foul  air  is  a  common  cause  of 
faintness  or  of  languidness.  Anything  which 
greatly  affects  the  nervous  system,  such  as  bad 
news  or  the  sight  of  something  horrible  or  dia- 
agreeable,  will  sometimea  cauae  fainting. 

But  of  all  causes  of  faintness,  none  are  so  aeri- 
ous  as  the  loss  of  blood.  The  muscles,  in  order 
to  act  well,  inuRt  be  supplied  with  blood,  and 
if  the  blood  of  the  body  is  lost— ^-if  it  escapes, 
either  from  a  vein  opened  purposely,  or  from 
piles,  or  from  the  source  from  which  menstrua- 
tion proceeds — in  excessive  quantity,  then  faint- 
ness will  happen.  The  degree  of  it  will  depend 
on  the  constitution  and  on  the  amount  of  blood 
lost.  A  losa  of  blood  that  would  scarcely  be 
felt  by  one  person  will  be  serious  cause  of  faint- 
ness to  another.  Sometimes  frequent  faintneBS 
arises  from  becoming  very  fat,  the  muscular 
system  of  the  heart  being  impaired  by  fatty 
deposit. — CasseWs  Household  Guide, 


A  Remedy  for  Whooping  Cough.  —  Dr. 
Garth  (  Wiener  Allgem.)  states  that  by  placing 
xx.  gtt.  ol.  terebinth,  on  a  handkerchief,  hold- 
ing it  before  the  face,  and  taking  about  40  deep 
inspirations,  to  be  repeated  thrice  daily,  signal 
and  marked  relief,  followed  by  rapid  cure  in 
cases  of  laryngeal  catarrh,  is  the  result.  In  an 
infant  15  months  old,  in  the  convulsive  stage  of 
whooping  cough,  he  directed  the  mother  to  hold 
a  cloth,  moistened  as  above,  before  it  when 
awake,  and  to  drop  the  oil  upon  its  pillow  ^  hen 
asleep.  The  result  was  markedly  beneficial. 
In  24  hours  the  frequency  and  severity  of  the 
attacks  were  notably  diminished,  and  by  proper 
support  by  aid  of  stimulants,  the  improvement 
was  rapid.  Subsequently  pertussis  became  epi- 
demic in  hia  vicinity,  and  he  repeatedly  used 
the  drug  in  this  way.  He  gave  it  to  children  of 
all  agea,  and  in  any  stage  of  fever.  The  initial 
catarrh,  the  convulsive,  and  the  final  catarrhal 
stages  were  all  decidedly  benefited,  the  spas- 
modic attacks  being  in  many  cases  aborted. 


The  Odor  of  Human  Hair. — In  Le  Progres 
Medical,  M.  Galippe  calls  attention  to  the  med- 
ico-legal value  of  the  odor  of  the  human  hair. 
He  assertB  that  from  the  simple  smell  of  a  lock 
of  hair  he  can  tell  whether  the  lock  has  been 
cut  from  the  living  subject  or  whether  it  has 
been  composed  of  hair  that  has  fallen  out. 
Hair-dressers  have  acquired  this  art,  which  is 
said  never  to  fail  them.  Hair  which  has  fallen 
out  has  a  dull  appearance,  attributable  to  dis- 
ease, and  is  not  easily  made  up;  it  has  no  peculiar 
smell.  The  hair  of  the  Chinese  has  a  character- 
iatic  odor  of  muak,  which  is  bo  persistent  that 
it  cannot  be  concealed  by  cosmetics,  for  it  cannot 
be  destroyed  by  washing  with  potash.  The  hair 
of  the  Chinese  has  also  a  reddish  tinge,  and  is 
polyhedral  in  section.  Hair  of  hysterical  pa- 
tients has  a  peculiar  and  distinguishing  odor 
which  is  most  perceptible  at  the  approach  of  a 
crisis.  Certain  hair  is  electrical,  the  electricity 
being  developed    more  readily   after  rubbing. 

Freshly  Painted  Rooms.— The  impression 
that  those  who  inhabit  rooms  freshly  painted 
are  iu  danger  of  lead  poisoning  has  been  shown 
by  Dr.  Clement  Biddle  to  be  quite  unfounded. 
He  bases  this  statement  upon  the  result  of"  the 
following  experiment:  He  introduced  into  a 
close  box  a  number  of  sheets  of  paper  saturated 
with  white  (lead)  paint,  and  upon  the  bottom 
of  the  box  placed  a  shallow  dish  of  pure  (dis- 
tilled) water,  previously  tested  to  make  sure  of 
its  perfect  freedom  from  impurities,  and  from 
lead  in  particular.  After  an  exposure  to  the 
atmosphere  of  the  box  for  three  days,  the  water- 
dish  was  removed,  acidulated  with  nitric  acid, 
and  treated  with  sulphureted  hydrogen,  when 
not  a  trace  of  lead  precipitate  occurred.  Dr. 
Biddle  therefore  attributes  the  colds  and  other 
unpleasant  consequences  experienced  by  sleep- 
ing in  freshly -painted  apartments  to  the  irrita- 
ting action  of  the  vapors  of  turpentine  on  the 
lining  membrane  of  the  air-passages. 


336 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS 


[May  24,  1879. 


la^KjpEfi 


W.  B.  EWER Senior  Editor. 


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SAN   FRANCISCO: 
Saturday  Morning,  May   24,  1879. 


TABLE  OP  CONTENTS. 

GENERAL  EDITORIALS.—  Geodetic  and  Astro- 
nomical Observations  at  Great  Elevations;  After  a  Long 
Time;  Another  Aged  Gold  Finder;  Marble  Canyon; 
Eastern  Investors  in  Pacific  Coast  Mines,  329.  Califor- 
nia Academy  of  Sciences;  Hope  Iron  Works,  333.  The 
Week,  Overrating  the  Value  of  Mining  Properties;  We 
Must  Kill  Them  or  They  Will  Kill  Us;  The  Lead  Silver 
Mines,  336  Rewashing  the  Gold-Bearing  Debris  from 
Our  Mines;  No  Cause  for  Alarm;  Lathe  Tools  for  Work- 
ing Standard  Sizes,  337.  The  Mechanics'  Fair;  Cran- 
ston's Hydraulic  Elevator;  Elkin'a  Amalgamator,  340. 

ILLUSTRATIONS.—  Bird's -Eye  View  of  Marble  Can- 
yon, 329.    Lathe  Tools,  337- 

CORRESPONDENCE-- Gold  Fields  in  the  Agricul- 
tural Counties  of  California,  330. 

MECHANICAL  PROGRESS.  -  Automatic  Ma- 
chinery; A  Costly  Iron  Pence;  Interesting  Figures;  The 
Keely  Motor  on  a  New  Tack;  The  P'irst  Steel  Bridge  in 
America;  Different  Methods  of  Working;  An  Improved 
Knitting  Machine;  An  English  Workman  on  American 
Nails;  Demand  for  Railroad  Trou,  331. 

SCIENTIFIC  PROGRESS— A  New  Blasting  Com- 
pound; A  Curious  Property  of  Heat;  Absorption  of 
Water  by  Wood;  The  Velocity  of  Light;  Do  Gold  Nug- 
gets Grow?  New  Voltaic  Battery;  An  Electric  Blowpipe; 
Siliciuret  of  Iron;  Dew,  331. 

USEFUL  INFORMATION.— Consumption  of  Rub- 
ber; A  New  Process  for  Copying  Drawings;  Process  for 
Preparing  Sulphate  of  Baryta  for  Painting;  A  Varnish 
for  Replacing  Turpentine  and  Linseed  Oil  Paints; 
Feathers  in  Textiles;  Purifying  Oil  of  Cognac;  To  Chill 
Caat  Iron  Very  Hard,  335. 

GOOD  HEALTH  — Faintness  and  its  Causes;  A  Rem- 
edy for  Whooping  Cough;  The  Odor  of  Human  Hair; 
Freshly  Painted  Rooms,  335. 

MISCELLANEOUS— The  Solar  Salt  Marsh;  New 
Mode  of  Treating  Caoutchouc;  Glycerine  in  Food;  Cop- 
per vs.  Silver;  Birds  of  the  Colorado  Valley;  Sinking 
Rivers;  Eastern  Monev  and  Western  Mines,  330.  Prac- 
tical Divisibility  of  the  Electric  Light.— No.  2,  334-5. 
Ne»v  Incorporations,  340. 

MINING  SUMMARY  from  the  different  counties  of 
California,  Nevada  and  Idaho.  333-40. 

MINING  STOCK  MARKET. -Sales  at  the  San 
Francisco,  California  and  Pacifie  Stock  Boards,  Notices 
of  Assessments,  Meetings  and  Dividends,  332. 

NEWS  IN  BRIEF  on  page  340  and  other  pages. 

Business   Announcements. 

Mining  Machinery,  Fraser  and  Chalmers,  Chicago,  111. 
Air  Compressors,  Clayton  Pump  Works,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
Rare  Business  Chance,  J.  A.  Worley,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 
Hope  Iron  Works  For  Sale,  Potrero,  S.  P. 


The  Week. 


The  blow  of  the  pick,  the  ring  of  the  ham- 
mer, the  roar  of  the  blast,  and  the  echo  of  the 
anvil  have  made  sweet  and  constant  music  in 
the  miner's  ear  during  the  months  just  passed, 
and  from  all  sides,  without  exception,  come  re- 
ports corroborative  of  the  richness  of  the  runs. 
True,  from  some  quarters  complaints  are 
already  made  of  a  lack  of  water,  but  from  the 
majority  the  only  regret  is  that  there  is  not 
more  time  each  day  to  work.  In  California, 
San  Luis  Obispo  reports  finds  of  tellurium  in 
paying  quantities;  Calaveras  is  sinking  shafts 
and  erecting  quartz  mills;  Inyo  is  staking  out 
claims  and  opening  new  prospects;  Nevada  and 
Placer  are  resting  somewhat  from  their  labors 
and  beginning  to  "clean  up;"  while  Trinity 
shows  new  life  in  the  transfer  of  her  best  mines 
into  other  hands  and  better  management.  In 
Oregon  the  mining  prospect  is  over  cheerful, 
and  interest  and  activity  are  spreading  every 
day.  From  Nevada  the  assertion  comes  that 
White  Pine  has  developed  rich  placer  diggings 
calculated  to  place  her  at  the  head  of  Nevada's 
gold  producers  and  restore  her  wonted  prestige 
as  a  mining  camp.  The  prospects  in  Arizona 
continue  brilliant.  In  Colorado  the  Leadville 
excitement  has  been  somewhat  transferred  to 
Silver  Cliff,  Ten  Mile  and  Fairplay.  Utah  is 
producing  large  quantities  of  excellent  ore,  and 
Idaho  is  wide  awake  and  only  needs  more  cap- 
ital to  bring  her  to  the  front. 


The  value  of  merchandise  and  produce    ex- 
ports since  May  1st,  aggregates  $1,500,000. 


Overrating     the     Value     of     Mining 
Properties. 

Lying  in  Beaver  county,  in  the  southern  part 
of  Utah,  and  reaching  from  the  Oquirrh  moun- 
tains to  Arizona,  is  an  extensive  mineral  region 
embracing  San  Francisco,  Camp  Floyd,  Brad- 
shaw,  Star,  Lincoln,  West  Tintic,  Rocky,  Beaver 
Lake,  Pruess,  Tom  Paine  and  three  or  four 
other  mining  districts.  This  region  abounds 
with  ore-bearing  veins  carrying  silver,  copper, 
iron  and  lead.  As  a  general  thing  the  ores  here 
are  of  fair  and  sometimes  of  very  high  grade. 
Limestone  is  the  prevailing  formation  of  the 
country,  with  much  porphyry,  granite  and  horn- 
blende, these  rocks  generally  forming  one  or 
both  walls  of  the  lodes.  The  lead  ores  are 
mostly  of  the  carbonate  variety  and  adapted  to 
smelting.  There  are  also  free  milling  ores  here, 
hence  both  furnaces  and  mills  are  in  use  for  re- 
duction purposes.  The  lodes  are  as  a  general 
thing  large,  well  walled  and  regular,  occupying 
apparently  true  fissures. 

The  mines  of  Beaver  county  were  discovered 
a  number  of  years  ago,  and  although  a  good  deal 
of  work  has  since  been  done  upon  them,  the 
developments  made  are  not  at  all  proportional 
to  the  seeming  importance  of  the  mineral  de- 
posits, the  remoteness  of  this  region  from  rail- 
roads having  tended  to  retard  its  progress.  The 
Utah  Southern  railroad  having  been  gradually 
extended  until  it  has  now  reached  the  neighbor- 
hood of  these  mines,  the  latter  are  beginning  to 
attract  more  attention;  and  it  will  not  probably 
be  long  till  we  shall  see  mining  operations 
pushed  here  as  well  as  throughout  other  por- 
tions of  southern  and  southwestern  Utah  with 
more  energy  and  effect.  The  fame  of  the  Onta- 
rio, Silver  Reef,  Leeds  and  other  mines  and 
mining  localities  lying  off  that  way,  has  already 
tended  to  advertise  that  country  and  draw  to 
its  aid  capital  from  abroad. 

While  these  mines  are  extensive  and  possess 
no  doubt  a  fair  share  of  merit,  it  should  be 
borne  in  mind  that  two  or  three  good  properties 
do  not  make  a  country,  nor  does  the  presence  of 
a  bonanza  in  one  lode  argue  anything  in  favor  of 
another,  however  similar  in  its  external  features 
or  close  at  hand.  There  is  such  a  thing  as  a 
mining  company  doing  a  flourishing  business  on 
the  reputation  of  its  neighbor,  without  possess- 
ing any  real  worth  of  its  own.  We  throw  out 
these  cautionary  hints  because  efforts  are  being 
made  just  now  to  dispose  of  certain  of  these 
Utah  mines  abroad  or  to  float  their  shares  on 
the  Eastern  market  at  extravagant  figures,  and 
which  efforts,  if  successful,  must  react  unfavor- 
ably not  only  upon  the  mining  interests  of  Utah, 
but  of  this  coast  generally.  We  took  occasion 
not  long  since  to  comment  on  the  palpable  fraud 
threatened  to  be  perpetrated  on  French  inves- 
tors through  the  sale  to  them  of  the  old  Tele- 
graph mine  over  in  that  Territory  at  a  price  out 
of  all  proportion  to  its  actual  value.  The  cor- 
roboration of  the  view  we  then  expressed  of 
that  business  by  so  good  an  authority  as  the 
Engineering  and  Mining  Journal,  satisfies  us  of 
its  correctness. 

Latterly  we  observe  that  the  shares  of  the 
Horn  Silver  mine,  situated  in  the  San  Fran- 
cisco district,  southern  Utah,  are  being  dealt 
in  at  what  we  should  consider  pretty  steep 
prices,  this  property  having  not  long  since  been 
disposed  of  to  Eastern  investors.  The  Horn 
Silver  is  one  of  the  famous  mines  of  Beaver 
county,  having  been  greatly  extolled  by  the 
Territorial  press,  by  traveling  correspondents, 
mining  experts  and  others.  It  occupies  a  sec- 
tion of  a  strong  lode  and  has  been  quite  exten- 
sively opened  up  by  means  of  shafts,  drifts, 
crosscuts,  etc. ,  all  in  ore  and  without  anywhere 
pinching,  faulting  or  showing  a  disposition  to- 
ward impoverishment,  no  horse  or  waste  matter 
occurring  in  the  ore  body.  The  great  mass  of 
the  ore  requires  reduction  by  smelting,  though 
a  portion  of  it  can  be  successfully  treated  by  the 
mill  process,  having  quartz  and  spar  as  a 
matrix.  Active  operations  were  commenced  on 
this  mine  about  three  years  ago,  since  which 
time  a  considerable  amount  of  bullion  has 
been  taken  from  it  with  good  profits.  Even 
with  the  comparatively  small  amount  of  devel- 
opments made,  large  ore  reserves  have  been 
established  in  the  mine,  some  experts  having 
estimated  the  value  of  the  ore  in  sight  at  sev- 
eral million  dollars.  In  short,  the  mine  looks 
well,  has  been  properly  opened  and  managed, 
has  a  good  record  and  is  really  a  valuable  prop- 
erty. 

But  the  question  arises,  is  it  worth  anything 
like  the  money  Eastern  investors  are  paying  for 
it  ?  We  think  we  have  the  means  for  answer- 
ing this  question  correctly  and  intelligently. 
We  have  recently  been  shown  a  letter  from  Col. 
Taylor,  one  of  the  most  capable  mining  engi- 
neers in  the  country,  who,  at  the  solicitation  of 
Eastern  capitalists,  examined  the  Horn  Silver 
mine  and  gave  his  opinion  upon  it.  From  this 
letter,  though  not  intended  for  the  public  eye, 
we  venture  to  publish  such  portions  as  bear 
directly  upon  the  probable  value  of  this  prop- 
erty, which  it  will  be  seen  is  placed  at  a  very 
moderate  figure.  In  this  letter,  under  date  of 
April  5th,  1879,  occurs  the  following:  "I  exam- 
ined the  Horn  Silver  mine  on  the  24th  ult. 
The  greatest  depth  to  which  the  lode  has  been 
opened  up  is  317  feet.  No  exploration  of  con- 
sequence has,  however,  been  made  below  the 
150-foot  level.  On  this  level  the  ore  body 
shows  a  width  of  about  75  feet  and  a  length  of 
200  feet,  stoping  having  been  carried  from  this 
point  up  to  the  50-foot  level.  The  mine  carries 
a  variety  of  ores,  the  major  part  consisting  of 


gray  carbonates  whioh  lie  next  to  the  east  or 
hanging  wall.  In  contact  with  this  occurs  a 
stratum  of  horn  silver,  mixed  with  chloride  and 
ruby  ores,  from  which  I  obtained  an  assay 
value  of  $247  per  ton.  1  could  form  no  close 
estimate  of  the  extent  of  this  stratum,  as  it  had 
been  cut  through  at  only  two  or  three  points 
when  I  visited  the  mine.  It  appeared,  how- 
ever, to  make  in  greatest  strength  towards  the 
south.  The  gangue  is  a  light,  sedimentary  de- 
posit, similar  to  that  found  in  the  Leeds  dis- 
trict. The  bulk  of  the  ore  here  is  of  low  grade, 
containing  about  340  in  silver  and  35%  lead. 
The  ore  exposure,  however,  is  great.  Hardly 
ever  have  I  seen  elsewhere  so  large  a  body  of 
fair  grade  ore  developed  at  the  Bame  depth.  It 
is  also  uniform  in  character  and  promises  per- 
sistence in  depth.  The  strength  of  the  vein, 
the  walls  and  country  rock,  point  to  a  broad 
permanent  fissure.  Everthing  considered,  one 
million  dollars  might  be  regarded  as  a  fair  price 
for  the  property."  Whether  the  above  will  be 
of  any  use  to  dealers  in  Horn  Silver  shares  or 
not,  we  can  assure  them  the  opinion  is  a 
candid  one,  and  comes  from  a  source  that  enti- 
tles it  to  weight. 

It  may  further  be  observed  in  this  connec- 
tion, that  Prof.  Clayton,  of  Salt  Lake,  during  a 
recent  sojourn  in  New  York,  has  been  giving 
Eastern  communities  some  wholesome  and 
timely  advice  in  regard  to  investing  in  mining 
properties  and  the  practical  management  of 
mines,  his  suggestions  being  intended  to  apply 
more  especially  to  operations  in  this  same  Utah 
Territory.  And  we  cannot  help  ^thinking  that 
these  Eastern  as  well  as  French  investors 
ought  to  consider  themselves  fortunate  to  get 
the  benefit  of  the  unbought  views  of  men  like 
Joshua  E.  Clayton,  Rossiter  W.  Raymond  and 
Isaac  M.  Taylor  when  about  to  engage  in  min- 
ing enterprises  of  magnitude,  or  to  embark 
their  money  in  stock  speculations.  These  views 
are  of  course  by  no  means  infallible,  yet  coming 
from  a  quarter  so  intelligent  and  disinterested 
they  furnish  the  best  lights  available  for  our 
guidance  in  a  business  so  inherently  difficult 
and  financially  dangerous. 

We  Must  Kill  Them  or  They  Will  Kill  Us. 

We  mean  our  foolish,  improvident  and  health- 
destroying  habits.  It  is  reduced  to  juBt  that 
alternative.  To  go  on  without  change  is  Bimply 
to  perish.  We  may  talk  about  land  grabbing, 
and  monopolies  and  stock  gambling,  all  bad 
enough,  but  it  is  the  evil  habits  of  the  masses 
that  are  their  real  oppressors,  and  unless  they 
can  find  emancipation  from  these  their  dam- 
nation is  certain.  There  comes  up  from  the 
million  a  moan  of  want  and  a  pleading  for  work; 
but  this  same  million  the  moment  they  have 
earned  a  dollar  will  rush  off  and  spend  the 
major  part  of  it  in  some  inexcusably  foolish  or 
criminally  wasteful  manner.  And  thus  their 
time,  energies  and  means  are  consumed  to  no 
good,  but  very  often  to  only  a  bad  purpose. 
Over  a  thousand  men  are  idle  on  the  Comstock. 
For  months  they  have  been  without  work,  liv- 
ing from  hand  to  mouth,  and  mostly  on  credit. 
Then  they  get  employment  at  four  and  five 
dollars  a  day  in  the  Sutro  tunnel.  These  are 
good  wages,  and  with  economy  they  could  save 
more  than  one-half  their  earnings.  But  the 
most  of  them  save  little  or  nothing.  The 
gamblers  and  saloon-keepers  get  75%  of  their 
wages.  Half  the  buildings  in  the  town  of  Sutro 
are  devoted  to  dice,  card  dealing  and  the  liquor 
traffic.  A  new  whisky  shop  is  opened  there 
every  day  in  the  week,  and  a  place  of  this  kind 
having  been  opened  never  cloBes.  It  is  run  day 
and  night,  week  days  and  Sundays,  and  will  so 
go  on  till  the  town  suffers  a  collapse  and  the 
miners,  joining  the  brigade  of  the  dead-broke, 
decamp  in  search  of  other  quarters.  So  addicted 
is  this  class  to  these  spendthrift  ways  and  vici- 
ous pastimes,  that  the  business  prosperity  of  a 
mining  camp  can  weU  be  measured  by  the 
number  of  these  dens  it  is  able  to  support. 

But  these  and  like  follies  are  not  confined  to 
mountain  towns  and  the  miners.  They  are 
indulged  in  by  the  masses  everywhere.  If  in 
the  city  a  man  or  woman  is  advertised  to  walk 
on  a  wager  thousands  flock  to  see  them,  gaping 
and  gassing  and  working  themselves  into  an 
excitement,  even  though  the  thing  is  a  sell 
throughout.  And  so  of  the  horse  races,  billiard 
games,  boxing  matches  and  other  put-up  jobs  of 
this  kind.  Start  anything  of  the  sensational 
order  and  it  is  easy  to  wring  a  few  thousands 
out  of  the  hard  fists  of  the  working  people. 

If  an  idle  fellow  gets  him  into  an  India 
rubber  sack  and  floats  down  Western  rivers  the 
people  will  gather  in  crowds  and  receive  him 
with  acclamations,  firing  rockets  and  ringing 
bells  as  if  some  great  conqueror  had  arrived  at 
their  place.  Presuming  upon  the  purient  taste 
of  the  public,  an  ignorant  and  vulgar  creature 
of  doubtful  sex  sets  out  to  lecture,  and  makes 
the  business  a  financial  success  just  because 
this  undefined  nastiuess  happens  to  suit  the 
popular  palate. 

The  misery  and  impoverishment  of  the  masses 
are  due  mainly  to  their  excesses  and  follies. 
They  are  slaves  to  their  appetites  and  passions, 
and  from  this  bondage  they  can  alore  set  them- 
selves free.  We  have  nursed  into  a  trouble- 
some vigor  too  many  superfluous  wants  and 
must  set  about  getting  rid  of  them.  We  must 
reduce  the  calendar  of  our  idle  days,  curtail 
unnecessary  expenses  and  learn  to  live  more 
within  our  means  or  our  condition  as  a  people 
can  never  be  improved.  And  in  effecting  this 
amendment  it  will  not  do  to  rely  upon  the 
teachings  or  labors  of  others,  every  man  will 
have  to  be  his  own  reformer. 


The  Lead  Silver  Mines. 

Notwithstanding  silver  is  growing  Blightly  in! 
favor,  with  some  prospect  of  its  free  coinage 
here  and  its  remonetization  in  England  and  per- 
haps other  European  countries,  operations  on 
the  above  class  of  mines  are  undergoing  exten* 
sive  curtailment  by  reason  of  the  extreme  low 
prices  of  lead.  In  Utah  a  large  number  of  fur- 
naces have  already  shut  down,  while  at  Eureka, 
the  great  smelting  camp  of  Nevada,  though 
they  still  keep  their  reduction  works  in  full 
blast  the  most  of  the  lead  is  piled  up  at  home, 
being  retained  for  better  prices.  That  the 
chances  of  realizing  this  expectation  are  slender 
may  be  inferred  from  the  fact  that  the  produc- 
tion of  this  metal,  already  bo  greatly  in  excess 
of  demand,  is  likely  to  go  on  at  a  rapidly  in- 
creasing rate  without  any  corresponding  incre- 
ment of  consumption.  More  lead  is,  of  course, 
every  year  being  used,  but  the  growth  of  this 
use  fails  to  keep  pace  with  that  of  production. 

Utah,  Nevada  and  Colorado  have  been  of  late 
years  our  principal  lead-producing  countries; 
Missouri  and  some  of  the  other  Western  States, 
for  many  years  before  the  chief  sources  of  home 
supply,  having  also  continued  to  turn  out  this 
metal  in  diminished  quantity.  Just  now  Ne- 
vada is  making  the  larger  portion  of  the  refined 
article,  though  but  little  of  it  is  going  forward 
to  market;  the  leading  mines  in  this  State  hold- 
ing back  the  most  of  their  desilverized  product, 
which,  at  the  present  prices  of  lead  and  cost  of 
carriage,  would  hardly  more  than  cover  charges 
of  transportation  to  the  seaboard.  Recently. 
this  industry  has  experienced  some  revival 
about  Galena  and  in  the  lead-yielding  districts 
of  Missouri,  whereby  the  business  is  likely  to 
be  further  prostrated  through  a  growing  compe- 
tition between  these  regions  of  the  Middle  West 
and  the  Far  West,  each  of  which  enjoys  some 
advantages  favoring  cheap  production  peculiar 
to  itself.  In  the  former  the  plumbiferous  ores 
occur  in  great  abundance  near  the  surface,  the 
miner  hardly  ever  pursuing  them  to  any  great 
depth.  When  he  reaches  a  depth  where  hoist- 
ing becomes  laborious  or  water  troublesome,  he 
abandons  his  workings  and  start?  in  at  a  new 
place,  thereby  avoiding  both  outlay  and  risk 
The  ores  here  are  rich  in  metal,  transportation 
and  labor  are  cheap,  and  while  the  original  out- 
lay is  small,  the  introduction  of  labor-saving  ap- 
pliances have  not  been  neglected,  nor  have  sys- 
tematic methods  of  procedure  been  overlooked. 
In  the  Far  West  the  ores  carry  a  large  percent- 
age of  silver,  but  they  lie  deep,  necessitating 
heavy  expenditure  in  opening  and  exploring  the 
mines  and  bringing  the  ores  to  bank,  both  re- 
duction and  transportation,  as  well  as  labor,  be- 
ing here  exceedingly  costly. 

While  the  United  States  have  about  ceased  to 
import  lead,  we  have  still  strong  competitors 
abroad  for  the  markets  of  the  world,  England, 
Spain  and  Italy,  all  making  more  than  enough 
for  their  home  wants.  For  more  than  half  a 
century  England's  yearly  output  has  varied  from 
75,000  to  100,000  tons,  her  present  annual  yield 
amounting  to  about  57,000  tons,  of  which  her 
domestic  requirements  absorb  all  but  7,000  tons. 
England  imports  this  metal  from  Italy  and 
Spain  and  exports  it  to  France,  Russia  and 
China.  The  working  and  administration  of  her 
own  mines  show  the  perfection  of  system  and 
economy,  that  country  being  distinguished 
for  everything  that  is  cheap  as  well  as  for 
advanced  metallurgical  skill.  Lead  mining  is, 
however,  on  the  decline  in  England,  the  number 
of  hands  employed  at  the  business  diminishing 
slightly  every  year,  and  the  outlook  not  being 
such  as  to  encourage  an  expansion  of  the 
interest.  The  lead  product  of  Spain  amounts 
to  about  the  same  as  that  of  Great  Britain, 
Italy  turning  out  less  but  a  variable  quantity. 
Germany  produces  about  50,000  tons  annually, 
and  various  other  countries  in  Europe  small 
lots,  the  total  European  product  being  about 
250,000  tons  per  year. 

The  total  product  of  lead  in  the  United  States 
amounted,  in  1878,  to  81,304  tons  against  73,- 
325  the  year  before.  Of  last  year's  production 
Utah  turned  out  19,310  tons;  Nevada,  27,735 
tons;  Colorado,  6,500  tons;  California,  3,857 
tons;  and  Missouri  and  Galena,  23,902  tons. 
Comparing  the  product  of  these  two  years, 
Utah  shows  a  falling  off  of  over  2,000,  and  Mis- 
souii  and  Galena  of  4,000  tons,  while  Nevada 
shows  an  increase  of  10,000  tons,  Colorado  of 
4,000  tons,  and  California  of  a  few  hundred 
tons.  Our  home  consumption  amounted  last 
year  to  70,908  tons,  and  our  exports  to  7,396 
tons,  of  which  we  sent  725  tons  in  pigs  and 
1,350  tons  in  cartridges  to  Europe  and  5, 321  tons 
in  pigs  to  China.  The  consumption  of  this  metal 
was  larger  last  year  than  in  1877,  and  there  is 
every  reason  to  believe  our  home  requirements 
will  increase  steadily  hereafter.  That  Ameri- 
can production  will,  however,  increase  much 
more  rapidly  than  consumption  is  a  state  of 
things  that  producers  should  anticipate  and 
endeavor  to  find  for  the  surplus  a  profitable  out- 
let. Being  so  much  nearer  to  the  Orient 
than  the  European  producer,  we  should  be  able 
to  command  the  markets  of  China  and  Japan, 
which,  if  secured  to  our  trade,  would  be  ample 
to  the  absorption  of  our  surplus  production. 
At  the  beginning  of  1878  ordinary  lead  was 
quoted  in  the  New  York  market  at  four  and  a 
half  cents.  It  afterwards  fell  to  3.05  cents,  but 
later  in  the  year  advanced  to  4  cents,  from 
which  there  has  since  been  a  slight  falling  off  in 
consequence  of  the  large  actual  and  prospective 
out-put  of  our  home  mines. 


May  24,  1879.J 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


337 


Rewashing    the 
from 


Gold-Bearing 
our  Mines. 


Debris 


Having  tried  in  late  numbers  of  the  Pbkss  to 
point  out  to  laboring  men  such  localities  u 
seemed  most  likely  to  afford  them  opportunities 
to  got  employment  or  to  employ  themselves,  we 
attempt  in  turn  to  indicate  as  far  as  may  be  the 
places  and  classes  of  mines  that  most  strongly 
inrite  the  attention  of  capitalists  and  others 
desirous  of  investing  in  mining  properties  of  an 
especially  safe  and  permanent  kind,  and  of 
which  we  believe  more  can  be  found  in  Califor- 
nia than  in  any  other  country  west  of  the  Mis- 
souri river.  We  have  here  no  mines  that  have 
made  bullion  like  a  few  on  the  Comstock  lode, 
nor  have  there  been  found  in  this  State  any  such 
metalliferous  deposits  as  those  reported  at  I^ead- 
ville.  But  we  have  mines  that  have  yielded 
steadily  and  satisfactorily  ever  since  they  were 
opened,  a  period,  in  some  instances,  of  20  years 
or  more.  Our  mines  do  not  yield  by  tits  and 
starts,  producing  enormously  for  a  year  or  two 
and  then  ceasing  for  ten,  or  perhaps  altogether. 
They  are  distinguished  for  their  steady  returns 
and  staying  qualities,  some  of  our  placer  mines 
being  noted  in  this  respect.  With  the  knowl- 
edge we  have  gained  of  our  various  mineral 
deposits  and  the  means  best  adapted  for  open- 
ing and  working  them,  we  can  calculate  before- 
hand expenditure  and  income,  and  sometimes 
also  the  probable  duration  of  their  fruitful  sea- 
son with  considerable  closeness. 

In  handling  the  auriferous  debris  or  tailings, 
likely  soon  to  assume  a  conspicuous  place  among 
this  class  of  our  resources,  we  have  data  that 
enables  us  to  make  these  estimates  with  approxi- 
mate exactness.  In  no  department  of  mining, 
indeed,  can  the  way  bo  seen  so  far  ahead  and  so 
clearly  as  in  this.  Before  embarking  in  the 
business  we  can  measure  the  quantity  of  the 
stuff  to  be  operated  upon,  ascertain  its  quality 
and  compute  very  nearly  the  expense  of  outfit 
and  the  cost  of  moving  it.  It  can  also  be  seen 
beforehand  how  much  water  will  be  required, 
where  it  is  to  come  from  and  what  disposition 
is  to  be  made  of  the  waste  matter  after  being 
subjected  to  a  rewashing.  As  to  both  the 
manner  of  carrying  on  this  style  of  mining  and 
the  results  obtained,  none  need  be  in  the  dark, 
the  business  having  been  in  active  progress  at 
several  points  in  this  State  for  a  number  of 
years  past.  The  most  notable  examples  of 
debris  washing  are  to  be  seen  on  Canyon  creek, 
near  Gold  Run,  in  Placer  county,  where  two 
sets  of  claims,  the  Kinder  and  the  Moody,  have 
for  a  long  time  been  in  successful  operation. 
From  the  former,  and  larger  of  these  claims,  the 
yearly  clean-up  has  ranged  from  $20, 000  to  §60,  - 
000,  the  yield  of  the  latter  having  been  about 
one-third  as  much.  At  these  places  the  stuff  re- 
washed  consists  now  almost  wholly  of  the  fresh 
tailings  escaping  from  the  two  or  three  hydrau- 
lic mines  running  in  the  neighborhood,  the  older 
and  richer  deposits  formerly  lodged  in  Canyon 
creek,  having  been  long  since  run  off.  And  yet 
with  only  this  poorer  material  theowners  of  these 
claims  clean  up  in  the  aggregate  a  yearly  aver- 
age of  at  least  §50,000,  four-fifths  of  which 
consist  of  net  profits.  The  cost  of  these  proper- 
■ties,  purchase  money,  equipment  and  every- 
thing else  included,  falls  considerably 
short  of  $100,000.  But  this  plan  of 
catching  up  the  debris  discharged 
from  active  mines  is  not  extensively 
practiced,  owing  to  the  limited  quan- 
tity of  material  so  to  be  had  and 
to  a  general  lack  of  facilities  for  car- 
rying it  on  successfully. 

It  is  upon  the  tailings  that  have 
lodged  in  the  beds  of  the  gulches  and 
streams  which  afford  outlet  to  the 
hydraulic  mines,  and  there  ac- 
cumulated in  immense  quantities,  that  this  class 
of  operations  are  to  be  prosecuted  upon  a  large 
scale.  While  this  material  is  so  very  abundant, 
filling  the  beds  of  large  rivers  continuously  for 
many  miles,  only  in  a  few  localities  does  it 
exist  under  conditions  favorable  to  profitable 
rehandling.  There  are  billions  of  tons  of  this 
gold-bearing  sediment  with  which  nothing  can 
in  all  probability  ever  be  done,  except  to  use 
the  alluvial  bottoms  that  will  ultimately  be 
formed  from  it  for  agricultural  purposes.  There 
is  a  stretch  of  40  miles  of  this  stuff  on  Bear 
river,  20  or  more  on  the  main  Yuba,  and  twice 
as  much  on  Feather  river  and  its  tributaries,  to 
say  nothing  of  the  American  Fork  and  other 
streams,  that  is  not  likely  to  be  further  dis- 
turbed by  the  gold  seeker,  there  being  nowhere 
sufficient  fall  to  run  it  off.  In  process  of  time, 
the  richer  portions  of  it  may  be  lifted  up  with 
powerful  steam  dredgers,  or  other  appliances, 
and  passed  through  sluices,  but  for  the  present 
all  this  large  amount  of  these  slums  may  be 
counted  out  in  estimating  the  quantity  available 
for  mining  purposes.  But  after  this  abatement 
there  remains  still  a  good  deal  of  this  stuff  that 
can  be  handled  to  advantage,  this  remainder 
embracing  much  the  richest  portion  of  it. 

Beginning  on  the  north  the  first  considerable 
deposit  of  this  auriferous  debris  met  with  occurB 
in  Plumas  county,  where  it  fills  the  channel  of 
Slate  creek  for  several  miles  to  an  average  depth 
of  20  or  30  feet.  As  is  the  case  at  two  or  three 
other  points,  the  tailings  here  have  been  estopped 
and  kept  from  running  off  down  stream  by  a 
rocky  barrier,  over  which  only  the  lighter  and 
more  "worthless  particles  could  escape  except 
during  floods,  when  much  of  the  surface  sand 
and  gravel  would  also  be  swept  away,  leaving 


all  save  the  extreme  light  films  of  gold  behind.  '  mass  of  it  lying  in  this  canyon  being  over  30 

The   cutting  of  a   pasaago   through   this   rocky  feet  deep,  100  wide,  and   five  or  Bix  miles  in 

barrier  at   the   lower  end  of  the   doposit   for  a  length.    As  on  Slate  creek,  the  tailings  hero  are 

distance  of  a  few  hundred  feet  would  afford  an  kept  back  by  a  rocky  ledge  at  their  lower  end, 

outlet   through  which  the  eutire  mass  could   be  and   through  which  a  passage   must  be  cut  for 

run  off  ami  precipitated  down  the  steep  canyon  their  escape.     This  would   not  bo  an  expensive 

below.     The   entire   expenditure   required    for  work,  the   total   preparatory  expenditure   here 

cutting  this  passage,  constructing  Humes,  sluices,  being  estimated  at  less  than  $40,000.     It  seems 

undercurrents,  etc.,  would  not  exceed   $40,000  a  pity  that  a  property  that  could,  with  so  little 

or  $50,000.     The   cost  of  running  a  claim    like  outlay,  be  Bpeedily  made  largely  and  profitably 

this,  once  it  were  opened  and  outfitted,  would  be  productive,  should  be  suffered  to  longer  lie  dead 

trilling,  while  the  income  could  hardly  fail  to  be  and  neglected.     It  is  indeed  unaccountable  that 

large.     That  portion  of   these  tailings  that  it  this   mining   debriB  has   not  everywhere    been 

would  be  necessary  to  command  in  order  to  in-  turned  to  better  account,  seeing  how  readily  it 

augurate  a  successful  operation    hero,  is  owned  can  be  worked,  where  it  can  be  worked  at   all, 


FIG.     1.      FORMS    FOR    MANDRELS    AND    DRIVERS. 


by  a  single  company,  who  would  convey  a  fair 
share  of  the  property  to  parties  willing  to  fur- 
nish enough  money  to  put  it  in  good  working 
condition. 

The  next  point  at  which  we  encounter  these 
auriferous  slums  in  great  bulk,  and  under  cir- 
cumstances that  admit  of  their  easy  utilization, 
is  Bear  river,  in  the  main  channel  of  which  the 
quantity  is  estimated  at  1S,000,000  cubic  yards, 
besides  nearly  twice  as  much  lodged  along  its 
upper  tributaries,  making  a  total  in  this  local- 
ity of  45,000,000  cubic  yards  at  the  least.  The 
tailings  here  have  gathered  to  an  average  depth 
of  50  feet,  with  a  width  of   more  than  200   feet 


and  how  sure  are  operations  of  this  kind  to  bring 
large  returns  for  the  money  invested.  Although 
the  field,  owing  to  the  causes  mentioned,  is  con- 
tracted to  a  narrow  limit,  we  can  point  the  in- 
vestor to  nothing,  in  the  whole  range  of  our 
mineral  resources,  that  promises  better  results 
than  the  rewashing  of  this  wastage  from  the 
sluice  and  rocker  of  the  early  miner  and  the 
hydraulic  operations  of  these  later  days. 

No  Cause  for  Alarm. 

It  is  now  pretty  generally  believed  that  the 
provisions  of  ournew  Constitution  if  fairly  carried 


FIG.    2.      EXPANSIBLE    REAMERS    FOR    MACHINE    FITTING. 


along  a  linear  stretch  of  23  miles.  It  is  calcu- 
lated that  they  will  yield  from  30  to  60  cents  to 
the  cubic  yard,  or  a  total  of  §30,000,000  under  a 
careful  rewashing,  this  being  aside  from  the 
value  of  the  quicksilver  and  thesulphurets  that 
they  contain,  and  which  may  fairly  bo  computed 
at  several  millions  more.  In  order  to  move 
these  Bear  river  tailings  in  a  large  way  it  will  be 
necessary  to  construct  a  tunnel  through  the 
ridge  that  separates  this  stream  from  the  North 
Fork  of  the  American,  a  distance  of  nearly  two 
miles.  The  heavy  cost  of  a  work  of  this  kind 
has  thus  far  prevented  the  enterprise  from  be- 
ing carried  out,  though  negotiations  for  the  re- 


out  will  work  no  serious  detriment  to  the  min- 
ing interests  of  California.  In  this  view  none 
are  now  more  ready  to  concur  than  the  recog- 
nized friends  of  these  interests,  all  of  which 
claim  that  every  department  and  branch  of  this 
industry  will  go  on  and  prosper  much  as  before. 
The  claim  that  stock  operations  or  any  portion 
of  them  that  legitimately  belong  here  will  be 
transferred  to  the  East  is  repudiated  on  all  hands. 
San  Francisco  will  remain,  as  she  has  always 
been,  headquartersforallimportant  transactions, 
both  speculative  and  practical.  Nothing  can 
divest  her  of  her  supremacy  in  the  mining  world 


FIGS.    3    and   4,      RIGHT    AND    LEFT    HAND    TOOLS    WITH    CYLINDRICAL    CUTTERS 


quisite  funds  have  several  times  been  nearly 
consummated,  and  failed  only  through  extrinsic 
causes.  That  the  project  will  find  early  execu- 
tion we  may  safely  conclude,  in  view  of  the 
splendid  results  that  await  its  completion.  A 
million  dollars  would  more  than  suffice  to  build 
the  tunnel  and  coverall  other  preliminary  ex- 
penses, a  sum  hardly  more  than  half  the  net 
revenues  that  might  be  expected  to  accrue  every 
year  after  active  operations  were  commenced. 
Passing  south  to  the  Forest  Hill  divide,  we 
come  upon  two 
very  remarkable 
deposits  of  these 
tailings,  the  one 
resting  in  the  chan- 
nel of  Indian  and 
the  other  of  Shirt- 
tail  canyon.  The 
former  haB  recently 
been  opened  up 
and  put  in  con- 
dition for  working, 


FIG.    5.      SWIVEL    LATHE    TOOL. 


and  it  is  expected  that 
the  returns  will  be  ample  and  remunerative. 
The  latter,  which  belongs  mostly  to  the  estate 
of  William  C.  Ralston,  remains  in  the  condition 
at  which  it  was  left  at  the  time  of  his  death, 
well  prospected  and  partly  opened  up,  but  yield- 
ing nothing  except  to  the  predatory  hordes  of 
Chinese,  who,  attracted  by  the  richness  of  the 
gravel,  steal  in  and  carry  on  rocker- washing 
whenever  opportunity  offers.  That  these  people 
can  make  wages  washing,  by  this  inefficient 
means  the  poor  surface  dirt  sufficiently  attestB 
the  value  of  this  material.  This  is,  in  fact,  the 
richest,  though  not  the  largest  body  of  gold- 
bearing  debris  in  California.  But  there  iB  enough 
of  the  stuff  here  for  every  practical  purpose,  the 


or  lessen  the  power  which  from  this  point  has 
directed  and  energized  nearly  all  the  great  min- 
ing movements  on  the  coast.  The  machinery 
of  the  new  Constitution  may  jar  a  little  at  first, 
but  we  will  be  able  to  so  adjust  the  gearing  that 
all  will,  in  a  little  time,  run  smoothly.  If 
through  the  instrumentality  of  the  new  charter 
or  the  laws  made  under  it  certain  existing 
abuses  shall  find  correction,  so  much  the  better, 
and  if  through  like  means  some  discouragements 
to  stock  gambling  should  be  interposed,  the  fact 
would  not  be  in- 
supportable. In  re- 
gard to  the  provi- 
s  i  o  n  interdicting 
the  stock  sales  on 
margins,  it  will  be 
strange  if  dealers 
do  not  devise  a 
method  to  evade 
any  bad  results. 
In  regard  to  the 
taxation  of  mining  shares,  these  will  of 
course  be  assessed  at  their  actual  and  not  at 
their  nominal  value.  At  the  rate  they  are 
now  selling,  the  value  of  all  the  mining  shares 
listed  on  the  stock  boards  of  San  Fran- 
cisco would  not  exceed  $45,000,000  or  $50,000,- 
000.  Were  they  taxed  1%  on  their  actual  value, 
the  amount  would  be  less  than  half  a  million,  a 
total  that  could  hardly  be  considered  ruinously 
oppressive.  Estimated  on  the  basis  of  their 
nominal  value,  these  stocks  would  reach  a  valu- 
ation of  three  or  four  billion  dollars,  where- 
fore it  is  evident  that  no  such  rule  for  their 
aasesBment  will  be  adopted. 

More  silver  legislation  is  before  Congress. 


Lathe  Tools  for  Working  Standard  Sizes. 

Following  the  description  of  the  American 
standard  measuring  machines  and  gauges,  which 
we  have  given  in  the  last  two  issues,  comes  the 
consideration  of  tools.  In  Mr.  Richards'  paper, 
before  the  Franklin  Institute,  are  descriptions 
of  some  new  designs  by  the  American  Standard 
Gauge  and  Tool  Works,  of  Philadelphia,  which 
we  shall  reproduce  as  follows: 

The  maintenance  of  standard  Bizes  in  a  ma- 
i  chine  shop  involves  a  good  many  things  besides 
gauges,  but  fortunately  nothing  which  should 
not  be  provided  at  any  rate.  Turning  mandrels, 
for  example,  must  bo  kept  up  to  correspond. 
In  former  times  turning  mandrels  were  made  of 
iron,  consisting  generally  of  scrap  pieces  of  vari- 
ous lengths,  and  were  usually  turned  off  to  fit 
each  time  they  were  used,  and  on  the  whole 
constituted  what  might  be  called  a  nuisance  in 
a  machine  shop.  Now  it  is  evident  that  if  holes 
are  bored  to  uniform  aize,  one  mandrel  of  each 
size  will  do  in  a  tolerably  large  shop,  and  if  that 
mandrel  is  made  of  steel,  hardened  and  ground 
to  size,  the  expense  of  "  maintaining  it,  as  we 
may  say,  is  reduced  to  a  minimum. 

The  engraving,  Fig.  1,  shows  a  very  good 
form  for  mandrels  and  drivers  also.  The  ends 
are  shaped  with  two  polygonal  sides,  which  fit 
into  a  corresponding  seat  in  the  driver,  as  seen 
in  the  end  view.  The  driving  studs,  as  shown 
on  the  smaller  ones,  are  separate,  and  can  be  re- 
moved if  not  required. 

Fig.  2,  shows  reamers  for  machine  fitting, 
which  can  be  expanded  as  they  wear  away.  The 
smaller  one  is  drilled  out  centrally,  and  then 
mortiBed  between  the  blades,  so  that  a  conical 
plug  forced  in  by  the  screw  at  the  end  expands 
the  center  of  the  reamer.  The  larger  one  is  a 
blade  reamer  of  the  usual  type,  and  needs  no 
explanation. 

Among  the  tools  made  at  the  gauge  works,  in 
Philadelphia,  but  in  no  way  connected  with 
gauging,  are  tool  stocks  with  separate  or  de- 
tachable points,  held  by  screw-keys  in  a  very 
secure  manner.  A  great  many  modifications  of 
such  tools  have  been  tried  in  this  country  and 
also  in  Europe,  but  none  except  the  present 
form  Beem  to  have  met  the  expectations  of  their 
inventors. 

In  Figa.  3,  4  and  5,  are  shown  side  views  of 
such  tools,  those  for  flat  cutting  having  cylin- 
drical cutters  or  points,  a  form  not  bo  commonly 
used  here  as  m  England,  but  having  more  en- 
durance for  heavy  cutting  than  pointed  tools. 
Tools  of  the  kind  shown  in  Figa.  3  and  4,  are 
in  general  use  at  the  Cornwall  Iron  Works,  in 
Birmingham,  England,  where  the  expense  of 
cutting  and  shaping  iron,  in  so  far  as  the  writer 
can  judge,  has  been  reduced  to  its  lowest  limits. 
The  purposes  arrived  at  in  such  tools  are  not 
always  apparent  at  a  first  examination,  and 
may  be  briefly  mentioned  as  follows:  (1)  The 
points,  being  only  small  piecea  can  be  made 
of  finer  steel  than  can  be  afforded  for 
Bolid  tods.  (2)  The  points  can  be  instantly  re- 
moved or  replaced  without  disturbing  the  tool 
stock.  (3)  The  points  being  duplicates,  no  time 
need  be  lost  in  sharpening,  a  freBh  point  being 
inserted  when  necessary.  (4)  Tool  dressing,  an 
expensive  and  generally  unsatisfactory  branch, 
is  dispensed  with.  (5)  In  grinding  the  tools  a 
large  number  can  be  treated  at  onetimej  and 
there  being  but  one  grinding  angle 
and  that  a  constant  one,  no  skill  is 
required  in  the  operation.  (6)  The 
bight  of  the  point  of  the  tool  can  be 
regulated  at  pleasure,  thus  avoiding 
what  is  called  tool  raising  appliances 
on   engine  lathes. 

The  screw-cutting  modification  will 
be   understood  without  further  expla- 
nation,   but  itmay  be  mentioned  that 
in  practice  it  has  proved  wholly  suc- 
cessful. 
The  cylindrical  point  tools  are  modifications 
of  quite  an  old   invention,  originating  in   Glas- 
gow, and  one  of  the   examples  Bhown   is  from 
England,  where  tools  of  this  kind  are  gradually 
coming  into  use. 


The  Southern  Pacific— The  Southern  Pa. 
cific  railroad  has  suspended  the  work  of  exten- 
sion on  their  road  East  till  November  or  Decem- 
ber next.  It  was  the  intention  to  stop  when 
Maricopa  was  reached,  but  having  more  mate- 
rial on  hand  than  was  needed  in  carrying  the 
construction  to  that  point,  contrary  to  expecta- 
tion, the  road  has  been  prolonged  some  distance 
beyond,  where  it  will  now  rest  till  the  end  of 
the  year.  There  are  many  reasons  for  the  bus- 
pension,  not  least  among  these  being  the  im- 
practicability of  working  in  the  hot  summer  sea- 
son. The  company  are  to  be  praised  for  the 
vigor  and  perseverance,  they  have  shown  in 
pushing  the  road  to  its  present  termination  in 
so  short  a  time,  and  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  when 
building  is  resumed  again  the  same  activity  as 
heretofore  will  prevail  in  pushing  it  forward  to 
meet  the  Arizona  Pacific  or  the  Atchinson  & 
Santa  Fe  road,  and  thus  open  up  the  southern 
portions  of  the  State  to  direct  communication 
with  the  Mississippi  valley. 


Chas.  M.  Peck,  Secretary  of  the  Redington 
Quicksilver  Mining  Co.,  has  absconded  from 
San  Francisco  with  $10,000  of  the  company's 
fuuds. 


The  great  pier  and  slip  of  the  railroad  ferry 
at  Benicia  are  progressing,  but  will  not  be  com- 
pleted inside  of  three  months. 


338 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS 


[May  24,   1879. 


TTSTTIR/Y-1! ! ! 

IT    PAYS 

Three  to  Four  Per  Cent,  per  day 

—  TO  — 

Cover  Boilers,  Pipes  and  Drums  with 


USE 

fWJOHH' 

LIQUID  PAINTS,  ROOFING,  BOILER  COVERINGS, 

Steam  Packing,  Sheadings,  Fire  Proof  Coatings,  Cements, 

SEND  FOR  SAMPLES,   ILLUSTRATED  PAMPHLET  AND  PRIOE  LIST. 

H.W.JOHNS  M'F'G  Co.,  87MAIDEN  LANE,  N.Y. 

PACIFIC  COAST  BRANCH, 

FRED  M.  PATRICK,  Manager, 

5  First  Street,  San  iTranoisco. 


WASHING!  WASHING! 


Prices  Reduced!  Prices  Reduced! 


La  Grande  Laundry, 

13th  Street,  Between  Folsom  and  Howard. 

PRINCIPAL  OFFICE, 

648  Market  Street,   S.  F. 

Office  open  from  7  A.  m.  to  9  p.  m.    Saturdays  to  11  p.  m. 
Waehing  called  for  and  delivered  to  aDy  part  of  the  city 
free  of  charge. 
All  orders  receive  prompt  attention.    For  circular  and 
rice  List  apply  at  the  Office, 

648  Market  St.,  San  Francisco. 


CAUTION 

To  Hydraulic  Miners. 

The  public  generally  and  Hydraulic  Miners  especially 
are  hereby  notified  that  any  parties  making  or  using  the 
contrivance  known  aa  the  HOSKIN  DEFLECTOR  will  be 
prosecuted  to  the  full  extent  of  the  law,  said  machine 
having  been  declared  by  the  U.  S.  Circuit  Court  an  in- 
fringement upon  my  patent,  the 

Bloomfield  Deflecting  Nozzle. 

The  public  are  also  cautioned  against  using  the  Hoskin 
Deflector  because  of  its  danger  to  life  and  limb,  this  de 
vice  having  already  occasioned  several  deaths  and  other 
erious  accidents.  The  BLOOMFIELD  DEFLECTOR  is 
entirely  safe,  its  two  and  a  half  years  use  without  acci- 
dent, as  well  a3  its  construction,  proves  it  to  be  a  reliable 
contrivance. 

Any  parties  wishing  to  purchase  the  right  to  use  these 
Deflectors  can  do  so  by  applying  to  the  undersigned, 

HENRY  C.  PERKINS, 

North  Bloomfleld,  Nevada  Co.,  Cil.,  Octo- 
ber 1st,  1878. 


LEROY  W.  PAIECHILD'S 

GOLD  PENS  AND  PENCILS 

These  Pern  received  the  Gold  Medal  at  the  late 
Paris  Exposition.     They  are  the  BEST  in  the 
World.    Every-  Pen  Warranted.    Inquire  for 
Fairchild  s  Pens,  and  take  no  other. 
For  Sale  by  your  Stationer. 

H.  S.  CROCKER&  CO.,  Cehl.  Acents. 


r  palace  t1 
estauran! 


218  San  some  St. 


[Lunch  ready  at  10  A.  m.]  Resident  business  -men  and  visi- 
tors from  abroad  will  fee  wise  in  giving  this  place  an  early 
oall.    Examine        of  fare  and  prices. 

HERMAN  H.  HORST,  Prop'r. 


This  elegant  and  spa 
cioua  S.  F.  Restaurant 
has  been  re-opened  with 
superior  bill  of  fare  dai- 

Good  Living  at 
Reduced  Prices 

ly,  and  is  now  the  best 
andmost  popular  dining 
saloon  on    this   Coast. 


Mining     Books. 

Orders   for   Mining   and  Scientific  Books  in   general 
will  be  supplied  through  this  office  at  published  rates. 


RUSSELL'S  AMALGAMATOR. 


ilSSk 


>-'- 


Patented  June  25ch,   1878. 


S.A.VIE!    "X-OTTIR,    GOLD 
And    Also    SAVE    YOUR    QUICKSILVER. 

The  above  Washer  and  Amalgamator  with  new  patent  Wire  Bridge  Quicksilver  Boxes  attached,  can  be  worked 
wet  or  dry,  either  by  hand,  steam,  horse  or  water  power,  and  is  easily  taken  apart  and  packed.  For  washing  Pulp, 
Earth,  Gravel,  Mill  Tailings  or  Black  Sand,  it  is  without  a  rival. 

Has  been  Thoroughly  Tested  and  given  Complete  Satisfaction. 


The  entire  Lining,  Hanging  Plates,  Riffles  and  Boxes  Amalgamated 

IS    GUARANTEED    TO   SAVE    THE    FINEST    OR    FLOAT    GOLD. 

Capacity,  30  to  60  tons  per  day,  according  to  size.     For  further  particulars  apply  to 

J.  MORIZIO,  Gen'l  Agt.. 

Room  24,  Safe  Deposit  Building,  Corner  Montgomery  and  California  Streets,   SAN  FRANCISCO. 


Union  Brass  Foundry  and  Mechanical  Work  Shop. 


GIOYANNINI  &  CO., 


417  and  419  Mission  Street. 


SAN  FRANCISCO. 

The  attention  of  our  customers  and  especially  of  those  interested  in 
Water  Works,  Gas  Works  or  Mines  is  respectfully  called  to  our  very  im- 
portant improvement  in  the  construction  of  Stop  Valves  (or  Gates),  They 
differ  from  all  others  in  that  the  inner  faces  are  perfectly  parallel,  there- 
fore when  the  Gate  or  Valve  is  to  be  opened,  at  the  tirst  movement  of  the 
screw  the  center  block  (see  cut)  releases  the  disks  from  their  bearings,  so 
that  they  will  move  easily  and  prevent  the  wearing  of  the  inner  faces. 

This  Gate  has  Droved  very  elHci  1  ■  t  in  Pipes  of  all  sizes,  and  under  any 
pressure  and  from  its  double  foimand  perfect  joint  formation  is  especially 
valuable  for  use  in  large  Pipes  lor  water,  steam  and  gas,  and  from  its 
avoidance  of  any  wedge  shape  cannot  jam  at  auy  point  (see  cut). 

The  G.itB.  Valves  (or  Gatta)  have  no  equal  in  simplicity  of  construc- 
tion of  all  working  parts,  ease  of  access  for  repairs,  and  durability. 

We  have  recently  enlarged  and  fitted  up  our  Brass  Foundry  and  Shop 
with  all  the  latest  improved  Tools  and  Machinery,  thus  greatly  increasing 
our  facilities  for  rapidly  executing  orders  for  all  sizes  of  Stop  Valves  (or 
Gates)  from  three-inch  to  four  feet  in  diameter,  or  any  size,  to  order.  We 
guarantee  them  to  give  better  satisfaction,  cost  less  money,  and  last 
longer  than  any  other  Valve  in  use. 

We  are  alio  prepared  to  execute  all  orders  in  Brass  Work  for  Breweries, 
Distilleries,  Plumbers,  Gas  and  Mining  Apparatus,  Ship  Work,  Soda  Ap- 
paratus, Steam  Fittings,  Meters.  Gauges  anil  Indicators.  Also  in  Machine 
Pattern  and  Model  Making,  and  Clock  Work.  Gear  cut  to  order.  Bras* 
Castings  of  all  kinds.  We  are  confident  of  our  ability,  and  all  orders  en 
trusted  to  us  will  be  executed  with  promptness  and  dispatch. 

GIOVANNINI  &  CO.,  417  &  419  Mission  St. ,  S.  F. 
Liberal  Discount  to  the  Trade.  £5TSend  for  Circular, 


SAVE    YOUR    GOLD! 


Highly  Important  to  Miners  and  Quartz  Mill  Men! 

SILVER    PLATED    AMALGAMATING    PLATES. 

The  best  process  yet  discovered  for  saviog  fine  or  float  gold.  Extensively  used  with  great 
success  in  gravel  and  placer  mining  in  various  parts  of  the  Pacific  Coast.  Over  five  hundred 
orders  have  been  filled,  and  the  demand  is  constantly  increasing.  A  large  number  of  these  Plates 
were  sent  to  Snake  River  mines,  Idaho,  last  year,  and  a  great  maoy  orders  are  being  filled  for 
them  this  season.  Circulars  containing  full  instructions  for  working  these  Plates  sent  with  each 
order.  Old  Mining  Plates  bought  or  taken  in  exchange  for  new  Silver  Plated  Plates,  and  full 
value  allowed.  Gold  extracted  from  old  Plates  at  a  moderate  cost  by  a  new  and  economical  pro- 
cess. Old  Plates  (which  often  contain  a  surplus  of  gold  above  the  cost  of  platiDg)  can  be  re-plated. 
With  the  most  extensive  facilities  on  the  Pacific  Coast,  orders  can  be  filled  very  promptly 
and  satisfaction  guaranteed. 

Mining  Men  and  the  public  generally  are  cautioned  against  unprincipled  and  Irre- 
sponsible parties  traveling  through  the  country,  endeavoring  to  secure  orders  for  very 
inferior  qualities  of  Silver  Plated  Mining  Plates. 

SAN  FRANCISCO  GOLD,  SILVER,  NICKEL  AND  COPPER  PLATING  WORKS, 

Nos.   653  and  655  Mission  Street,   San  Francisco,   Cal. 
EDWARD    G.    DENNISTON, PROPRIETOR, 


D.  F.  HUTCHINGS. 


D.  M.  DUNNE. 


J.  SANDERSON 


ZFHCEliTIX    OIL    WORKS, 

HUTCHINGS    &.    CO., 

OIL    and    COMMISSION    MERCHANTS, 

Manufacturers  and  Dealers  in  Sperm,  Whale,  Lard,  Machinery  and  Illuminating  Oils. 
517    FRONT    STREET    SAN    FRANCISCO. 


BOOKS 


RELATING  TO 


PRACTICAL    SCIENCE. 


Catalogue  Free  by  Mail  on  Application. 
E.    &    F.    N.    SPON,    447    BROOME    STREET,    NEW    YORK. 


Tobacco  Fiber  Pipes,  15c.,  81.25  a  Dozen.  Match  Boxes,  20c.  and  25c.  Horse  Shoe  Inkstands 
very  unique,  §2.50;  §20  a  Dozen.  Steel  Watch  Chains,  new  designs,  15c. ;  $1.25  a  dozen.  Sensation  Fin- 
ger Traps,  first-class  trick,  25c. ;  §1.60  a  dozen.  Chinese  Sniral  Puzzle.  20c;  §1.25  a  dozen.  A  first-class 
Four-Bladed  Pocket  Knife.  70c.  Coin-Holders,  to  iiuld  $5,  20c. ;  §1.26  a  doz.  A  Good  Imitation 
Russian  Leather  Pocket  Book,  50c.  Magic  Two-Cent  Boxes,  25c. ;  §1. 75  a  dozen.  Samples  Post-paid. 
Stamp  for  Circular,     la,  2c,  or  3c.  Stamps  taken  in  payment.     W.  D.  HAMMITT,  07  Clermont  Ave. ,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 


4Sgg       DR.    LIBBEY, 

^S^ELT?  DENTIST, 

N.    W.    Corner  Kearny  and  Geary  Streets, 
Entrance  on  Geary  Streeet,  SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL 


FOR  SALE.  —  4-sided  C-inch  Melding  Machine. 
Jackson's  Agricultural  Machine  Works,  S.  E.  corner  6th 
and  Bluxome  Sts.,  San  Francisco. 


PETERSON  &  0LSS0N, 
MODE!.    MAKERS. 

INVENTORS 

Will  And  it  to  their  advantage  to  call  on  us  at  328  BUSH 
STREET,  bet.  Montgomery  and  Kearny  (up*stairs,)_S.  F, 


bli^ipe^  bijreGtojy. 


WM.    BARTLING. 


HENRY    KIMBALL 


BARTLING    &    KIMBALL, 
BOOKBINDERS, 

Paper  Rulers  &  Blank  Book  Manufacturers. 
505  Clay  Street,  (southwest  corner  Sansome), 

SAN  FRANCISCO. 


San  Francisco  Cordage  Company. 

Established    1856. 

We  have  juBt  added  a  large  amount  of  new  machinery  of 
the  latest  and  most  improved  kind,  and  are  again  prepared 
to  fill  orders  for  Rope  of  any  special  lengths  and  sizes.  Con- 
stantly on  hand  a  large  stock  of  Manila  Rope,  all  sizes: 
Tarred  Manila  Rope;  Hay  Rope;  Whale  Line,  etc  ,  etc. 

TUBBS    &  CO., 

611  and  613  Front  Street,  San  Francisco 


JOHN    A.    CHURCH, 
MINING    ENGINEER, 

COLUMBUS,  OHIO. 

C.    L.   GILLBR, 
SEAL    ENGRAVER    AND    DIE    SINKER, 

No.  430  MONTGOMERY  STREET,  S.  F. 

The  beat  Work  done  on  the  moat  reasonable  terma  on 
the  Coast. 


Barlow  J.  Smith.  M.  D. 

Consulting    Physician, 

Professor  of  Phrenology  and 
Mental  Hygiene. 

Proprietor  of  the  Smithsonian  Medical  and  Phrenological 
Institute,  635  California  Street,  above  Kearny. 

This  Institute,  by  combining  medical  hygiene  with  the 
various  Water  Cure  treatments  and  the  most  powerful  Elec- 
trized fclorseshoe  Magnet  in  the  world,  claims  to  cure  speed- 
ily ana  permanently  all  forms  of  acute  or  chronic  nervo- 
vital  derangements,  Brain,  Spinal  and  Heart  diseases,  St. 
Vitus  Dance,  Pplsy,  Epilepsy  and  all  Rheumatic.  Liver  and 
Kidney  troubles.  The  institution  has  for  the  past  20  years 
made  a  specialty  of  treating  all  forms  of  weaknesses  and  dis- 
eases peculiar  t  ■  males  and  females.  By  the  use  of  hygienic 
remedies  and  electro-motorpathy  the  worst  forms  of  impo- 
tency  and  seminal  weakness  in  males  and  sterility  in  fe- 
males are  speedily  and  permanently  overcome.  Hygienic 
board,  with  or  without  rooms.  Terms  moderate.  Electro- 
thermal.  Russo-Turkish  and  Medicated   Baths    given  daily. 

Mrs.  Dr.  Smith  as  Matron  has  charge  of  the  female  bath- 
ing department. 

DR.  Smith  has  practiced  Phrenology  the  past  30  years, 
and  during  the  last  20  vears  has  been  constantly  using  the 
science  connected  with  Physiognomy,  in  examining  or  diag- 
nosing disease  in  thi3  city,  and  claims  to  have  made  discov- 
eries in  the  Science  of  Phrenology  that  enables  him,  by  on 
examination  of  the  head,  even  blindfolded,  to  determine  the 
disease  to  which  the  person  is  constitutionally  subject,  or 
whether  the  disease  at  the  time  aftUcting  the  person,  is  the 
reBult  of  accident  or  hereditary  weakness  ;  whether  Con- 
sumptive, Dyspeptic,  Rheumatic,  Apoplectic,  Neu- 
ralgic, LEUCORRHCEAL,or  Seminal.  Especially  does  the 
form  of  the  head  indicate  the  strength  of  the  uterine,  geni- 
tal or  reproductive  system.  The  head  is  also  an  index  of  the 
natural  strength  of  the  lungs,  heart,  stomach,  liver,  kidneys, 
spleen,  back  or  vertebra,  and  it  determines  the  power  of  the 
system  in  warding  off  and  overcoming  disease  of  all  kinds. 

Ladies  or  gentlemen,  desirous  of  obtaining  a  thorough  and 
correct  Phrenological  examinations  with  Fowler  and  Wells' 
harts,  will  meet  with  a  respecful  reception  at  his  consulting 
rooms.  Parties  can  depend  upon  a  reliable  delineation  of 
the  character  of  their  intimate  male  or  female  friends,  by 
presenting  a  clearly  defined  photograph. 

Phrenological  or  Physiognomical  examinations  without 
charts,  §1.50  ;  with  charts,  from  §2  to  §3. 

INVITATION  TO  INVALIDS 
And  all  persons  who  are  in  any  way  out  of  health,  wh»  de- 
sire to  know  the  nature  and  causes  of  their  disease,  may 
avail  themselves  of  an  examination  through  phrenology  In 
regard  to  fiealth  free  of  charge,  between  the  hours  of  9  A.  M. 
and  8  p.  M.    Sundays  from  9  a  m.  to  12  m. 


Books  for  Miners  and  Millmen, 


KUSTEL'S  ROASTINO  OF  GOLD  AND  SILVER  ORES,  and 
the  extraction  of  their  respective  metals  without  quicksilver. 
Illustrated.  142  pages.  1670.  A  valuable  and  carefully 
written  work.  Postpaid,  §2, 50.  Published  and  Bold  by 
Dewey  k  Co.,  S.  F. 

Kustel's  Concentration  of  Ores  (of  all  kinds),  Inclu- 
ding the  Cblorination  Process  for  gold-bearing  sulphurets, 
arseniurets,  and  gold  and  silver  ores  generally,  with  120  lithe- 
graphic  diagrams.  1867.  This  work  is  tinequaled  by  any 
other  published  embracing  the  subjects  treated.  Post-paid, 
§7.60.    Printed  and  sold  by  Dewey  &  Co.,  S.  F. 

Phillips'  Explorers,  Miners  and  Metallurgists 
Companion,  comprising  a  practical  exposition  of  the  various 
departments  of  exploration,  mining,  engineering,  assaying 
and  metallurgy.  P82  pages  and  83  illustrations.  A  most 
valuable  and  comprehensive  book  of  reference  to  prospectors 
and  practical  miners.  Post-paid,  §10.50.  Published  and 
sold  by  Dewey  &  Co.,  S.  F. 

Aaron's  Testing  and  Working  Silver  Ores.— Illus- 
trated, lit  pageB.  1876.  A  useful  and  practical  work,  free 
from  technicalities  and  extremely  serviceable  for  miners'  use. 
Post-paid,  §2.    Published  and  sold  by  Dewey  &  Co.,  8.  F. 

Copp's  Handbook  of  Mining  Laws.— Containing  the 
TJ.  S,  Mining  Laws,  Digest  of  Decisions,  Forms,  eta  1877i 
Pocket  Bize  and  very  handy  and  convenient  for  miners, 
Post-paid,  §1.    Sold  by  Dewey  &  Co.,  S,  F. 


May  24,  1879.J 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


339 


Metallurgy  ajid  Ores. 

Nevada    Metallurgical    Works, 

No.  23    STEVENSON  STREET. 
N«r  Firet  and  Market  Street*. 

Ores  worked  by  any  process. 

Ores  sampled. 

As.SAYl.Ni:  in  all  ita  branches. 

Analysis  of  Ores,  Minerals,  Waters,  etc. 

W0RK1.ni:    IKSIS  MAIiE. 

Plana  furnished  for  the  most  suitable  process 
lor  working  Ores. 

Special  attention  paid  to  Examinations  of 
Mines;  plans  and  reports  furnished. 

E.  HUHN, 

C.  A.  LDCKHARDT, 
Mining  Engineers  and  Metallurgists 

JOHN  TAYLOR  &  CO., 

Importer!  of  and  Dealers  iu 

ASSAYERS*   MATERIALS, 

CHEMICAL  APPARATUS  AND  CHEMICALS,  DRUG- 
GISTS' GLASSWARE  AND  SUNDRIES,  Etc. 

612  &  518  Washington  St.,  San  Francisco 

Wt  mrald  call  the  special  attention  of  Asaaycrs,  Chem- 
■Bt«,  Mining  Companies,  Milling  Companies,  Prospeetan, 
etc,  to  our  stock  of  Clay  Crucibles,  Muffles,  Dry  Cupa, 
eta,  manufactured  by  tlio  Patent  Plumbago  Cruci- 
ble Co.,  of  London,  England,  for  which  wo  have 
been  mode  Sole  Agent*  for  thf  Pacific  Coast,  Circulars 
with  prices  will  be  sent  upon  application. 

Also,  to  our  large  and  well  adapted  stock  of 

Assayers'  Materials  &  Chemical  Apparatus, 

Having  been  engaged   in   furnishing  these  supplies  since 
the  first  discover)'  of  mines  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 

(CJTOur  Gold  and  Silver  Tables,  showing  the  value  per 
ounce  Troy  at  different  degrees  of  fineness,  and  valuable 
tables  for  computation  of  assays  in  grains  and  grammes, 
will  be  sent  free  uiwn  application. 

JOHN    TAYLOR    &    CO. 


ELECTRIC    LIGHT. 

BRUSH     PATENT. 
The  Best,  Cheapest,  Cleanest,  and  Most  Powerful  Light  in  the  World. 

In  daily  use"at  the  Palace^Hotel  and  the  Union  Iron  Works.  S.  F. 


LEOPOLD   KUH, 

(Formerly  ol  the  U.  S   Branch  Mint,  S.  F.) 

Assayer   and    Metallurgical    Chemist, 

No.  611  COMMERCIAL.  STREET, 
(Between  Montgomery  and  Kearny,) 

San  Francisco,  Cal. 


OTTOKAR  HOFMANN, 
METALLURGIST  and  MINING  ENGINEER, 

415  Mission  St..  bet.  First  and  Fremont  Streets, 
SAN    FRANCISCO. 
£3TErection  of  Leaching   Works  a  Specialty. 
^aTLeaching  Tests  made. 


The    Miners'    Assay    Office, 

N.   E.    Corner  of  the   Plaza, 
PRESCOTT,       -      -      -       -       ARIZONA. 

Assays  of  Silver,  §1. SO.    Gold  and  Silver.   $2.     Other  Ores 
at  corresponding  rates.     All  assays  guaranteed. 
Gold  and  Silver  melted  into  Bars.    Working  Teats  made. 
£cTMines  examined,  sales  negotiated,  etc. 

W.  H.   WILLISCRAPT, 
Prescott,  Arizona. 


P.  O.  Boi  153. 


THOS.   PRICES 

Assay    Office    and    Chemical 
Laboratory, 

624  Sacramento  St.,  S.  F. 


Q.  F.  Deetken.  Wm.  E.  Smith. 

PIONEER  REDUCTION  WORKS, 

Channel  Street,  off  foot  of  Fourth,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Highest  price  paid  for  Sulphurets,  Arseniurets,  Telluridci 
and  Gold  Ores  generally. 

Careful  attention  paid  to  practical  working  teste  on  a 
large  scale  of  Gold-bearing  Quartz  and  ores  of  a  refractory 
and  sulphureted  nature. 

Will  examine,  report  on,  and  survey  mining  properties. 


METALLURGICAL    WORKS, 
STRONG    &    CO.,   10  Stevenson  Street, 

ORES  SAMPLED,  TESTED,  ASSAYED. 


GUIDO     KUSTEL, 

MINING  ENGINEER  and  METALLURGIST. 

P.    O     Address:   ALAMEDA,     CAL. 

PACIFIC    POWER    CO. 

Room  with  steam  power  to  let  in  the 
Pacific  Power  Co.  's  new  brick  building, 
Stevenson  street,  near  Market.  Eleva- 
tor in  building.  Apply  at  the  Com- 
pany's office,  314  California  street. 


1 


hteptii 


OBTAINED  IN  TJ.  S.  AN1>  FOREIGN 
COUNTRIES;  trademarks,  labels  and  copy- 
rights registered  through  DEWEY  &  COYS 
Mining  and  Scientific  Press  Patent 
Agency,  San  Francisco.  Send  for  free  circular 


Machinery. 


THOMSON    &   EVANS, 

(Successors  to  Thomson  &  Pakkkr.)] 


Engineers  and  Machinists. 


Parties  desiring  Electric  Light  for  Halls,  Shops,  Docks,  Mills, 
Streets  and  Mines,  are  invited  to  send  us  full  particulars  regarding 
the  buildings,  rooms  or  places  to  be  lighted,  including  dimensions, 
character  of  walls  and  ceilings,  amount  of  available  power  and  its 
location,  amount  of  light  now  used,  character  of  work  being  done, 
length  of  time  light  will  be  needed  continuously,  etc. 

With  these  items  before  us,  we  will  make  a  proposition  to  furnish 
a  COMPLETE  OUTFIT  OF  ELECTRIC  LIGHT,  put  it  in  perfect 
working  order  and  guarantee  its  success  and  permanence.     Address  all  communications, 

S.  F.  TELEGRAPH  SUPPLY  CO., 

WM.    KERR,    President, 

San   Francisco,   Cal 


Ingersoll  Rock  Drills. 


In  use  in   the    largest   and  best 
Mines  of  the  Coast. 

HAS    AUTOMATIC  FEED. 

Has  less  Repairs. 

Is  Lighter  and  more  Easily  Ad- 
justed than  any  other  Drill. 
Our  DRY  AIR  COMPRESSORS  are  the  most  Economical  Compressors  in  the  Market. 

*        MINERS'  HORSE-POWER. 


This  Power  lBcspooially  adapted  to  working  mines,  hoist 
ing  coal  or  building  material,  etc.    It  will  do  the  work  of  a 
Steam  Engine  with  one-tenth  the  expense.    One  Horse  ca 
easily  hoist  over  1,000  pounds  at  a  depth  of  500  feet, 

The  Power  is  mainly  built  of  Wrought  iron,  and  cannot  be 
affected  by  exposure.  The  hoisting-drum  Is  thrown  out  of 
gear  by  the  lever,  while  the  load  is  held  In  place  with  a  brake 
by  the  man  tending  bucket.  The  frame  of  the  Power  is 
bolted  to  hed-timburs,  thus  avoiding  all  frame  work.  When 
required  these  Powers  are  made  In  sections  for  packing. 


REYNOLDS,   RIX   &  CO.,  18  &  20   Fremont  St.,  San  Francisco. 


SANDERSON  BROS.  &  CO.'S 

Best  Refined.  Oast- Steel. 

Warranted  Most  Superior  for  Drills,  Hammers,  Etc. 

A  full  and   complete  stock  of  this  reliable  and  well-known 
brand  of  Steel,  for  mining  and  other  uses,  now  in  stock  and  for  sale 

At  No.  417  Market  St.,  S.  F.,   ■   H.  D.  Morris,  Agent. 


Steam  Pumps,  Steam  Engines,  Hoisting, 

Pumping,  Quartz  Mill.  Mining,  Saw 

Mill   Machinery.   Specialties. 

Plant  and  Specifications  (or  Machinery   tarnished,     Rc- 
pairlng  promptly  attended  to. 

110  &  112  Beale  St.,  San  Francisco. 


-'Z    '  f  STEAM  ENCINtS^Tf-^- 

BERRY  &  PLACE, 

— .-SAM  FRANCISC0.C4.L.  i-^- 

_  CIRCULARS  SENT  rffCETQ  ALL :_ 


THE  IMPROVED  O'HARRA 

OHLORIDIZING  FUKNACE. 

Patented  Sept.  10th,  1878. 


Now  in  Operation  at  the  Extra  Mining  Co.'s 
Works,  Copper  City,  Shasta  Co.,  Cal. 

Two  men  and  two  cords  of  wood  roast 

Forty  Tons  of  Ore  in  Twenty-four  Hours, 

Giving  a  full  chlorination  (100%)  at  a  cobI  of  30  centB  per 
on.     Address, 

O'HARRA    &    FERGUSON, 
Furnaceville,  Shasta  Co.,  Cal 
Or  CHAS.  W.  CRANE,  Agent, 

Room  10,  Safe  Deposit  Building,  San  FranciBCO. 

J.  S.  PHILLIPS,  m.  e., 

Consulting  Engineer  $  Metallurgist, 
Examiner  of  Mines  and  Assayer, 

702    CALIFORNIA     STREET, 
Author  of—  -  •-■  ♦  -  San  Francisco. 

The  Explore™',  Miners'  and  Metallurgists'  Companion, 

672  pages,  83  Illuntrations,  (2d  Edition.)    Price $  10  50 

The  Prospector's  "  Wco  Pet "  Assayer,  (Patented) 100  00 

The  Testing  Machine  for  Gold,  Silver,  Lead,  etc 40  00 

The  "  Little  Wonder"  Self-calculating  Sample  and 

Button  Weigher,  (Patented) 25  00 

Blow-plpists'  Pocket  Laboratory  of  Tools,  Fluxes,  etc.    60  00 

Vest  Pocket  Blowpipe 3  00 

CHARGES.  —  Assaying,  §3;  Testing,  §2permetaL 

Assaying  and  Testing  Taught. 


FRANCIS  SMITH  &  CO., 


CO 


Manufacturers  of 


CO 


THE    PATENT    CHANNEL   IRON    WHEELBARROWS,  m 

THE  STRONGEST  BARROW  MADE.     These  Barrows  are  made  by  Superior   Workmen,  and  """l 

of  the  beat  material.     All  sizes  kept  constantly  on  hand.  — _ 

SHEET   IRON    PIPE.  £° 

Lap-Welded  Pipe,  all  Sizes,  from  Three  to  Six  Inches.    Artesian  Well   Pipe.  2£ 
Also,  Galvanized  Iron  Boilers,  from  25  to  lOO  Gallons, 

Iron  Cut,  Punched,  and  Formed  for  making  Pipe  on  ground,  where  required.    All  kinds  of  Tools  w 

supplied  for  making  Pipes.    Estimates  given  when  required.     Are  prepared  for  coating  all   size  of  ■ 

Pipoa  with  a  composition  of  Coal  Tar  and  Asphaltum,  :^Q 

Office  and  Manufactory,  130  Beale  Street,  San  Francisco.  I"1"1 


WANTED-$10,000. 

For  $10,000  cash  In  hand  I  will  give  a  one-half  interest 
in  the  BLUE  JAY  and  ELEPHANT  QUARTZ  mines, 
situated  in  the  French  Creek  Mining  District,  Siskiyou 
County,  Cal.  And  I  will  take  or  give  a  lease  on  said 
mines,  and  pay  or  receive  eight  per  cent,  on  the  amount 
invested.  For  further  particulars  apply  to  H.  C.  Cory, 
Etna  Mills,  Siskiyou  County,  California, 


San   Francisco  Pioneer  Screen  Works 

J.  W.  QUICK,  Manufacturer, 


ii 


Several  first  premiums  received 
for  Quartz  Mill  Screens,  and  Per- 
forated Sheet  Metals  of  every 
description.  I  would  call  special 
attention  to  my  SLOT  CUT  and 
SLOT  PUNCHED  SCREENS, 
which  are  attracting  much  at- 
tention and  ni  vim;  universal 
satisfaction.  This  is  the  only 
establishment  on  the  coast  de- 
voted exclusively  to  the  manufac- 
ture of  Screens.  Mill  owners  using  Battery  Screens  exten- 
sively can  contract  for  large  supplies  at  favorable  rates. 
Orders  solicited  and  promptly  attended  to. 

32  Fremont  Street,  San  Francisco. 


F.  MOORECROFT, 

Stone  Seal  Engraver,, 

THURLOW    BLOCK, 

Room  38,  126  Kearny  St.,  Cor.  Sutter,  San  Francisco. 

Coats  of  Arms,  Crests,  Monograms  and  Ma- 
sonic Inscriptions  Carefully  Engraved. 


Dewey  &  Co{28°02mes|?;}Patent  Ag'ts 


340 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[May  24,  1879. 


Continued  from  page  333. 


Crown  Point.— The  winze  is  within  10  ft  of  the  2700 
level.  The  worth  drift,  2500  level,  is  making  40  per  week 
outside  the  ledge. 

Ward.— The  shaft  is  being  extended  on  down  as  usual, 
fend  is  now  1446  ft  deep.  The  material  has  changed  of 
late,  and  become  much  harder  and  carries  less  water. 

Hale  &  NoacROSS.— The  east  drift,  1620  level,  has  been 
In  ehort,  tough  and  bad-working  ground,  but  has  got 
through  it  into  that  which  admits  of    better  projress 

Julia  Con.— The  work  of  repairing  the  south  drift, 
2000  level,  has  been  continued  as  usual.  The  heat  in  the 
mine  is  very  oppressive  and  hinders  operations. 

Utah.— The  iucline  is  making  usual  progress,  the  bot- 
tom 520  ft  on  the  slope  below  the  1350  station,  and  in 
good  sinking  ground.     The  flow  of  water  is  light 

Savage.— Ret imbering  the  incline  and  repairing  the 
north  drift,  1600  level.  Repairs  to  the  1600  bob-pit  have 
been  completed. 

Mexican.— By  the  1st  of  June  the  joint  incline  winze 
from  the  1600  level  will  be  connected  with  the  upraise 
from  the  2000  level. 

Yellow  Jacket.— The  new  shaft  is  2540  ft  deep.  The 
drift  on  the  2500  level  is  in  66  ft. 

Andes.— The  new  upraise  from  the  350  level  is  up  50  ft. 
Prospecting  from  the  former  upraise  has  been  commenced. 

Sutro  Tunnel.— Working  between  1,200  and  1,300  men, 
including  about  100  carpenters  constructing  the  box  for 
the  sub-drain, 

Con.  Virginia  —The  yield  of  the  mine  is  being  in  creased. 
The  joint  Caliiornia  drift  west  on  the  850  level  is  still  in 
hard  porphyry,  its  face  185  ft  from  the  shaft.  Joint  Cali- 
fornia west  crosscut  No.  1,  on  the  1850  level  is  now  iu  44 
ft,  and  has  its  face  still  in  quartz  giving  low  assays. 

Leviathan. — The  face  of  the  north  lateral  drift,  on  the 
750  level,  has  shown  considerable  improvement,  more 
quartz  and  low-grade  ore  coming  in.  The  ground  i3  still 
verv  hard,  but  growing  softer. 

Silver  Hill.— The  work  of  creating  a  sump  for  1300 
level  of  the  incline  is  going  on.  The  drift  north,  1100 
level,  is  averaging  five  ft  per  day. 

Trojan.— Work  has  been  going  on  through  the  week 
from  the  2d  and  3d  stations  as  usual,  and  is  making  good 
progress. 

Lady  Bryan.— Sinking  the  sump  below  the  750  level 
and  drifting  north  and  south  on  the  600  level.  The  face 
of  the  south  drift  is  in  quartz,  and  the  north  drift  is  be- 
tween two  bodies  of  quartz, 

Overman.— The  work  of  putting  the  drain  in  the  north 
drift,  1600  level,  has  been  completed  and  work  in  the  face 
resumed. 

New  York. — The  work  of  extending  the  incline  below 
the  1200  level  is  making  usual  progress.  The  new  incline 
engine  works  perfectly. 

Caledonia.—  The  blower  has  been  placed  in  the  drift, 
1600  level,  and  sinking  resumed  in  the  winze  below  that 
level. 

Mt.  Hood  &  Vancouver. —The  drift  on  the  1400  level 
has  been  sent  190  ft  toward  the  ledge. 

BELMONT  DISTRICT. 

Belmont. — Courier,  May  17:  The  work  of  development 
below  the  300  level  has  been  continued  without  inter- 
ruption during  the  past  w,eek  with  good  results,  showing 
the  ore  body  much  larger  than  expected.  In  the  300  level 
drift  running  from  shaft,  they  have  two  and  a  half  ft  of 
vein  matter  and  quartz,  all  of  which  assays  from  $10  to 
325  per  ton.  They  are  now  about  under  the  Transylvania 
ground,  with  this  drift,  in  which  was  found  a  fine  body  of 
ore  "near  the  surface,  and  as  there  has  been  no  prospect- 
ing done  in  this  part  of  the  mine  below  the  old  incline 
■water  level,  they  feel  confident  of  finding  a  body  of  ore. 
The  bad  air  has  stopped  work  in  the  drift  running  from 
south  raise,  but  they  will  make  the  connection  before  the 
end  of  the  coming  week. 

Highbridqe. — They  have  cutaross  the  ledge  140  ft  south 
of  Bhaft.  At  this  point  it  is  12  ft  wide,  solid  and  carrying 
some  good  ore,  and  indicates  being  close  to  the  ore  chim- 
ney they  expect  to  find  on  this  level.  It  will  take  about 
10  days  to  extend  the  crosscut  across  the  ledge  70  ft  from 
shaft.    Other  work  progressing  as  usual. 

EUREKA  DISTRICT 

Eureka  Con.— Sentinel,  May  18:  The  following  work 
has  been  done  in  the  several  levels  without  any  change  to 
report:  Fifth  level — East  drift  has  been  continued  22  ft, 
and  is  now  in  86  ft.  Seventh  level — Northwest  drift  has 
been  continued  16  ft,  and  is  now  in  40  ft.  Started  drift 
running  southwest  and  continued  the  same  60  ft.  Thir- 
teenth level— East  drift  has  been  continued  18  ft,  and  is 
now  in  58  ft;  the  west  drift  has  been  continued  17  ft,  and 
is  now  in  64  ft.  The  incline  has  been  sunk  20  ft,  and  is 
now  84  ft  below  the  station. 

Fourth  of  July.-  The  developments  in  the  mine  of  late 
have  been  of  the  most  favorable  character.  The  vein  of 
ore  found  in  the  bottom  and  north  end  of  the  cave,  60  ft 
above  the  lower  tunnel  level,  haB  materially  improved, 
both  in  size  and  quality  of  the  ore.  They  have  now  at  the 
Richmond  furnace  30  tons  of  first-class  ore,  which  was 
sampled  and  paid  for  on  the  13th  inst. 

Hamburg. — East  crosscut  from  south  drift.  600  level, 
has  been  advanced  10  ft,  making  a  total  of  48  ft;  the  face 
in  the  same  favorable  vein  matter,  with  a  seam  of  good  ore 
to  follow.  In  drifting  south  from  end  of  west  crosscut, 
600  level,  the  quartzite  gave  out.  They  are  now  continu- 
ing west  crosscut,  which  is  in  very  lively  vein  matter. 
Above  250  level  they  are  getting  a  considerable  amount  of 
first-class  ore.  They  have  commenced  shipping  ore  to  the 
Richmond  furnace.  Will  have  samples  taken  and  assays 
made  during  the  coming  week. 

PARADISE  DISTRICT. 

Street  &  Blanche. — Paradise  Reporter,  May  17:  This 
is  a  tunnel-right  claim,  and  is  being  prospected  by  a  three- 
shift  force  of  two  men  to  the  shift.  The  main  tunnel  is  in 
about  200  ft,  and  is  being  pushed  ahead  at  the  rate  of 
three  ft  every  24  hours.  The  prospect  for  striking  some- 
thing very  rich  and  deep  is  very  good,  as  Beveral  promi- 
nent ledges  ciop  boldly  across  the  course  of  the  tunnel. 
The  owners  are  doing  their  own  work. 

Notes. — Work  has  been  commenced  on  the  lower  tunnel 
of  the  Mammoth  mine.  About  10  fc  of  tunnel  has  been 
made,  and  in  less  than  eight  ft  more  will  strike  ♦he  winze 
from  the  upper  drift.  The  force  of  miners  is  light  at 
present,  but  will  be  increased  as  the  mine  is  opened. 
Capt.  Elliott  has  just  received  advices  from  Quill  River, 
Rebel  Creek  district,  informing  him  that  Harpel  &  Co. 
have  just  struck  the  south  extension  of  the  Ohio  ledge. 
Sufficient  opening,  however,  had  not  been  made  to  give 
particulars.  The  Willow  Creek  mining  district  promises 
to  be  a  lively  camp  very  soon.  On  the  Ethan  Allen  a  tun- 
nel has  been  started  on  the  ledge,  and  is  now  in  about  15 
ft.  Several  tons  of  ore,  averaging  S150  in  silver  per  ton, 
have  been  piled  on  the  dump.  The  course  of  the  ledge  is 
northeast  and  southwest,  and  the  croppings  for  several 
thousand  ft  are  from  15  to  60  ft  wide.  Messrs.  Chittick  & 
Wright  have  taken  a  contract  to  run  a  50-ft  tunnel  on  the 
ledge,  with  the  privilege  of  continuing  the  work  as  long 
as  both  parties  can  agree.  The  mine  is  owned  by  Messrs. 
Williams,  Adams  and  Eurbank. 

IDAHO. 

Northwestern  Company.  — Phillipshurg  Cor.  Neiv  North- 
west, May  9:  The  mill  is  running  steadily  on  Trout  and 
Murray  &  Durfee  ore.  The  output  of  bullion  is  fair  and 
above  average.  Roasters  chloridizing  10  tons  per  day. 
Sinking  the  Trout  shaft  is  making  steady  progress.  Bot- 
tom in  hard  blasting  ground.  A  station  is  being  put  in 
and  a  level  already  started  at  a  depth  of  400  ft.  This  vein 
will  tap  the  drift  in  12  ft,  and  the  ore  chimney  100  ft  from 
the  shaft.  A  large  amount  of  high-grade  ore  will  then 
"be  ready  for  stoping  between  this  and  the  311  level.  The 
ore  stopes  above  311  level  wherever  they  are  worked  yield 
well.  The  mine  presents  the  general  characteristics  of  a 
true  fissure  vein.  Walls,  well  denned,  running  east  and 
west,  the  course  of  the  lode  is  regularly  dipping  to  the 
north,  and  about  75°  from  the  horizon.  The  ores  are  ar- 
gentiferous blende  and  native  silver,  with  an  occasional 
beautiful  wire  allver  in  quartz  crystallization.  The  mine 
is  thoroughly  opened  and  worked  systematically  and 
economically, 


Algonquin. —The  upraise  from  the  290  level,  running 
east,  on  the  hauling  wall,  has  betn  stoped  out  and  tim- 
bered to  the  200  level.  No  change  in  character  of  ore  or 
width  of  vein.  A  continuation  of  the  stope  to  connect 
this  upraise  with  the  water  level  is  being  pushed  ahead 
with  dispatch.  Face  of  stope  in  lime  and  dolomite,  re- 
quiring heavy  blasting.  The  west  drift  on  the  250  level  is 
in  40  ft  from  the  crosscut;  ground  very  soft  and  broken; 
water  increasing  daily.  The  face  shows  eight  ft  of  vein 
matter,  very  promising  in  appearance,  with  a  vein  of  ore 
16  inches  in  width  next  to  the  walls.  No  output  of  ore; 
all  work  is  exploration.  Mr.  Fisher  has  a  large  force  of 
men  on  the  Frost  gulch  road,  and  will  commence  excav* 
ting  for  the  mill  site. 


The  Mechanics'  Fair. 

The  Fair  Board  of  Managers  of  the  Mechanics' 
Institute  have  already  made  preparations  for 
the  Fourteenth  Industrial  exhibition  which,  ac- 
cording to  a  resolution  of  the  board  adopted  last 
year,  is  to  open  on  the  5th  of  August  next  and 
close  on  the  5th  of  September.  It  is  fully  be- 
lieved that  the  exhibition  will  be  a  grand  suc- 
cess. 

The  board  publish  a  circular  for  distribution, 
setting  forth  that  "the  great  Overland  excur- 
sion of  15,000  or  20,000  persons  that  is  coming 
from  the  Eastern  States  to  meet  Gen.  U.  S. 
Grant  on  his  arrival  in  this  city  in  August  next, 
will,  no  doubt,  induce  an  unusual  number  of 
the  people  of  this  coast  to  visit  the  city  at  that 
time;  and  it  is  certain  that  anything  placed  on 
exhibition  will  be  seen  and  examined  by  many 
more  than  usual,  and  by  representatives  of 
every  great  industry  and  improvement  of  the 
age." 

It  is  to  be  hoped  that  all  our  mechanics  and 
manufacturers  will  lend  their  aid  to  advance  the 
interests  of  the  exhibition  and  endeavor  to  make 
as  fine  displays  of  their  products  01*  specialties 
as  possible. 

The  art  gallery  will  be  in  charge  of  the  San 
Francisco  Art  Association,  as  it  was  last  year. 
Exhibitors  will  be  given  space  and  a  reasonable 
amount  of  power  and  water  free  of  expense. 
Following  is  a  list  of  the  managers:  Irving  M. 
Scott,  J.  A.  Bauer,  A.  L.  Fish,  James  Drury, 
Samuel  Dinamore,  Isidor  Burns,  A.  W.  Star- 
bird,  D.  A.  McDonald,  S.  H.  Wheeler,  C. 
WaterhouBe,  Nathaniel  Hunter,  David  Kerr, 
Edward  McGrath,  F.  A.  Frank. 

The  Secretary,  J.  H.  Culver,  has  issued  the 
following  rules  and  regulations  of  the  exhibi- 
tion : 

The  building  will  be  open  for  the  reception  of 
goods  Monday,  July  21st,  1S79- 

Application  for  space  should  be  made  on  or 
before  July  19th. 

Motive  power,  steam  and  water  will  be  sup- 
plied without  cost,  and  the  managers  most 
earnestly  desire  all  exhibitors  of  machinery  to 
have  the  same  in  motion  whenever  practicable, 
as  thereby  the  benefit  of  exhibiting,  and  the  in- 
terest of  visitors  will  be  greatly  increased. 

No  charge  of  any  kind  will  be  made  to  exhib- 
itors for  space. 

Space  will  be  awarded  as  early  as  practicable 
(after  application  for  space  has  been  received), 
consistent  with  proper  arrangement  of  goods. 

Articles  arriving  early  will  be  stored  free  of 
charge  to  the  exhibitor,  and  if  not  consigned  to 
an  agent,  they  will  be  properly  placed  on  exhib- 
tion,  but  no  freight  charges  will  be  paid  by  the 
managers. 

The  Board  reserve  the  right  to  exclude  from 
the  exhibition  anything  they  deem  objection- 
able; as  nostrums,  articles  of  an  explosive,  in- 
flammable, damaging  or  offensive  character. 

Cranston's  Hydraulic  Gravel  Elevator. 
The  Cranston  elevator  is  a  device  for  raising 
gravel  from  mines  "by  means  of  water,  in  locali- 
ties where  there  is  not  proper  fall  for  the  gravel 
to  be  removed  in  the  usual  way.  The  device 
was  gotten  up  a  few  yearsago,  and  when  intro- 
duced, few  people  thought  it  would  work  satis- 
factorily. Notwithstanding  this,  several  ma- 
chines are  at  work.  At  Wyandotte,  Butte 
county,  a  16-inch  machine  has  been  successfully 
running  for  over  a  year.  There  is  also  one  at 
Columbia,  Tuolumne  county;  a  12-inch  one  at 
the  Layard  mine,  in  Placer  county;  a  16-inch 
one  lifting  29  feet  on  Ohio  Flat,  in  Yuba  county, 
etc.  We  gave  a  detailed  description  of  the 
machine  in  the  Press  about  a  year  since.  One 
has  recently  been  set  up  at  Waldo,  Josephine 
county,  Oregon,  and  the  owner  of  the  claim 
writeB  to  the  inventor  as  follows  about  it:  "  I 
started  the  machine  last  week,  and  it  is  a  com- 
plete success  and  the  admiration  of  all  who  have 
seen  it.  It  works  fully  as  well  as  represented. 
I  am  raising  heavy  gravel  29  feet  9  inches,  and 
can  raise  12  or  15  feet  more  when  necessary.  I 
had  not  a  bit  of  trouble  with  the  machine,  as  it 
went  off  from  the  'word  go.1  I  am  driving  it 
with  315  feet  of  pressure,  using  a  2^-inch  nozzle 
which  discharges  154  inches  of  water,  bu,t  I 
think  a  2  or  2£-inch  nozzle  will  do.  When  the 
excitement  is  over  I  will  try  the  experiment  so 
as  to  give  me  more  water  in  the  mine.  That 
machine  of  yours  has  caused  more  excitement 
here  and  more  talk  than  a  presidential  election. 
There  was  a  certain  class  of  people  around  here 
expecting  to  have  a  good  laugh  over  it,  but  they 
had  to  do  it  backward,  and  acknowledge  that 
the  machine  works  first-rate."  (Signed)  Y.  B. 
Desselles,  Joshua  Hendy,  corner  Mission  and 
Fremont  streets,  is  the  agent  for  the  manufac- 
ture and  sale  of  these  machines. 


Unless  the  home  government  helps  Canada  to 
finish  the  intercolonial  railroad  the  project  will 
be  indefinitely  postponed. 


News  in  Brief. 

All  is  quiet  in  Alaska. 

General  disorder  reigns  in  India. 

There  are  over  20  saloons  in  Sutro. 

Elko  wants  rain  to  save  its  hay  crop. 

Chicago  has  suffered  from  a  large  fire. 

Crops  on  Union  island  appear  remarkably 
well. 

The  tanneries  at  Benicia  are  virtually  shut 
down. 

The  miners  strike  at  Durham  (Eug.)  has 
ended. 

Ship-building  in  South  San  Francisco  is 
brisk. 

The  Jamestown  has  started  for  Sitka,  as  per 
orders. 

Frost  is  destroying  fruit  in  some  parts  of 
Oregon. 

A  heavy  fall  of  anow  occurred  in  Shasta  on 
the  19th. 

The  Central  American  revolution  is  gradually 
subsiding. 

Vesuvius  has  been  in  a  state  of  agitation  for 
some  time. 

New  powder  works  are  shortly  to  be  erected 
at  Berkeley. 

Another  great  strike  of  colliers  is  threatened 
in  England. 

Crop  prospects  in  all  portions  of  the  south 
are  promising. 

Twenty-four  Nevada  mills  are  at  work  on 
Black  Hills  ore. 

Diphtheria  is  prevalent  at  Sutter  Creek 
Amador  county. 

The  weather  is  very  hot  in  New  England — 
100Q  in  the  shade. 

A  Confederate  monument  has  been  unveiled 
at  Columbia,  S.  C. 

Schooners  now  cross  the  Coos  bay  bar  with- 
out the  aid  of  tugs. 

The  Indian  supposed  to  have  murdered  Paul 
Reiger  is  in  custody. 

General  Sutter  is  living  at  Litiz,  Penn.,  in 
comparative  poverty. 

Never  has  agriculture  been  so  profitless  in 
England  as  at  present. 

The  Santa  Barbara  county  wheat  crop  will 
be  very  large  this  year. 

German  towns  are  opposed  to  the  proposed 
duties  on  corn  and  cattle. 

The  Southern  Pacific  has  decided  to  suspend 
work  till  next  November. 

Oats  are  heading  out  and  fruit  looking  well 
in  Douglass  county,  Oregon. 

Thirteen  cars  and  two  engines  were  lately 
ditched  near  Verdi,  Nevada. 

Interesting  fossil  remains  have  been  found 
during  excavations  in  London. 

Senator  Slater  will  soon  introduce  another 
Anti-Chinese  bill  into  Congress. 

Capital  punishment  has  been  re-established 
in  Switzerland  by  popular  vote. 

An  excellent  sandstone  quarry  has  been 
discovered  at  Boisefort,  Oregon. 

The  town  of  Halas,  Hungary,  is  inundated 
and  much  damage  has  been  done. 

The  Washington  (Yolo)  cannery  is  putting  up 
salmon  at  the  rate  of  1,000  a  day. 


Elkin's  Amalgamator. 

We  examined  one  day  this  week  the  Elkin's 
"Boss  Amalgamator,"  which  is  on  exhibition 
and  running  in  the  basement  at  the  northeast 
corner  of  Liedesdorff  and  Pine  streets.  It  is 
very  simple  in  construction.  The  machinery  is 
supported  by  a  frame  so  arranged  that  it  can  be 
taken  apart  and  tied  in  bundles  for  convenient 
transportation,  no  part  weighing  over  150 
pounds,  the  whole  machine  weighing  about  500 
pounds.  On  the  frame  is  a  long  iron  hopper, 
(into  which  all  material  may  be  sluiced  or  shov- 
eled), in  the  bottom  of  which  is  a  screw  conveyor 
for  feeding  and  measuring  all  material  to  be 
treated.  At  the  lower  end  of  this  hopper  is  a 
shaking  screen  through  which  all  material  must 
pass,  that  separates  all  course  particles,  pre- 
venting their  passing  through  the  machine. 
From  the  screen  it  drops  into  a  hopper  on  the 
upper  end  of  a  three-inch  iron  pipe,  through 
which  all  material  passes  into  the  quicksilver 
chamber  at  the  lower  end  of  a  cone-shaped  cast- 
iron  cylinder.  It  then  passes  through  from 
three  to  four  inches  of  quicksilver,  and  is  forced 
by  waterup  to  the  top  of  the  cylinder  through  the 
overflow  pipe  and  off.  While  passing  from  the 
quicksilver  chamber  it  is  met  by  a  counter  cur- 
rent of  fine  sprays  of  water,  forced  from  a  series 
of  perforated  hollow  revolving  arms,  that 
washes  and  settles  all  fine  or  flour  gold  and 
quicksilver — thus  preventing  all  loss  of  quick- 
silver and  precious  metals.  At  the  extreme 
lower  end  of  the  large  cone-shaped  cylinder  is 
the  amalgam  chamber  or  safe,  which  is  always 
kept  securely  locked,  thus  preventing  all  loss  by 
waste  or  dishonesty.  Any  ordinarily  intelligent 
man  can  operate  this  machine  after  very  little 
instruction,  as  successfully  as  the  most  skilled 
millman.  It  can  be  seen  in  operation  at  the  ad- 
dress given  above. 

Bullion  Shipments. 

Since  our  last  issue,  we  have  noticed  the  fol- 
lowing bullion  shipments: 

Hillside,  from  May  14th  to  May  20th,  inclu- 
sive, $20,340;  Northern  Belle,  May  12th,  $2,- 
825.72;  Martin  White,  from  May  11th  to  May 
ISth,  inclusive,  $16,867;  Paradise  Valley,  May 
13th,  $7,682.62;  Standard,  May  17th,  $18,209.- 
28;  Bulwer,  May  17th7  $17,188.75. 


New  Incorporations. 


The  following  companies  have  filed  certificates  of  incor- 
poration in  the  County  Clerk's  office  at  San  Francisco: 

Nelson  G.  &  S.  M.  Co.— Object:  To  operate  in  Plumas 
county.  Capital.  §10,000,000.  Directors— Archibald  Bor- 
land, August  Hemme,  Robert  N.  Graves,  Thaddeus  B. 
Kent  and  Hermann  F.  Morken. 

Foulk  G.  &  S..  M.  Co. — Object:  To  operate  in  Mono 
county.  Directors— G.  W.  Grayson,  C.  A.  BurgesB,  A.  H. 
Rutherford,  T.  Bell  and  C.  X.  Hobbs. 

Silver  Peak  Tunnel  &  M.  Co.— Directors— Frank  Dou- 
trick,  W.  H.  Clark,  P.  Edward  Connor,  E.  N.  Robinson 
and  W.  W.  Bishop. 

Orient  Pi-acer  G.  M.  Co.— Object:  *  To  operate  in  Sierra 
county.  Capital,  §100,000.  Directors— Henry  D.  Dah- 
neke,  John  German,  George  N.  Powell,  Peter  Schafter  and 
R.  C.  Standinger. 

Alchemist  M.  Co.— Object:  To  operate  in  Calaveras  and 
Tuolumne  counties.  Capital,  $1,000.  Directors— Charles 
W.  Otis,  Allen  Deeth,  James  Stratton,  John  W.  Still  and 
Jonathan  Myers. 

Silver  Brick  Con.  M.  Co.— Capital,  §10,000,000.  Di- 
rectors—Francis Cutting,  Samuel  L.  Stanley,  E.  B.  Pond, 
Samuel  Linkton  and  Hiram  Crowell. 


Printing  Inks. 

The  people  who  read  the  newspapers,  magazines,  and 
printed  matter  generally  of  the  day,  have  their  attention 
called  to  the  typographical  clearness,  neatness  and  per- 
fection they  display.  And  fewer  still  know  that  the  ex- 
cellence and  superiority  of  the  work  is  to  a  large  extent 
regulated  by  the  nature  and  quality  of  the  ink  used  in 
the  printing  of  it^  It  Is  a  fact,  however,  for  though  the 
pressea  used  be  of  the  most  improved  patterns,  the  type 
and  wood  cuts  fine  and  clearly  cut,  the  paper  heavy  and 
of  the  best  quality,  and  the  printer  lavish  of  his  care  and 
skill,  yet  if  ihe  ink  be  of  inferior  kind  the  attempt  at  good 
work  will  invariably  go  for  nothing. 

Printing  ink  is  a  preparation  very  different  from  any  of 
the  inks  used  for  other  purposes,  and  calls  for  no  little 
attention  and  skill  in  its  manufacture.  It  should  be  soft 
and  adhesive,  readily  attaching  itself  to  the  surface  of  the 
type,  and  as  easily  transferred  to  the  paper  pressed  upon 
them.  It  should  dry  quickly,  and  at  the  same  time  not 
be  easily  removable  from  the  paper  by  mechanical  means. 
To  the  eye,  good  printing  ink  appears  glossy  and  some- 
what oily.  Its  texture  should  be  without  grains,  and  its 
tenacity  such  that  it  will  leave  but  a  short  thread  attached 
to  a  portion  drawn  out.  The  principal  ingredients  used  in 
its  manufacture  are  resin,  linseed  oil,  lamp-black  and 
other  coloring  matters. 

The  inks  are  made  of  all  qualities  to  suit  the  demands. 
Cheap  inks  are  a  necessity,  for  printers  cannot  afford  to 
do  cheap  work  with  costly  materials,  and  many  advertis- 
ers prefer  to  do  more  advertising  in  this  cheap  way  than 
to  pay  for  the  cost  attendant  on  more  elaborate  produc- 
tions. After  repeated  tests  we  have  settled  down  to  tho 
almost  exclusive  use  of  inks  manufactured  by  Chas.  Eneu 
Johnson  &  Co.,  of  Philadelphia  and  New  York.  This  firm 
manufactures  every  kind  of  ink,  making  a  specialty,  how- 
ever, of  first-class  inks.  Their  inks  are  well  known  and 
largely  used  in  all  the  States.  We  have  long  used 
ink  supplied  by  this  firm  at  reasonable  prices,  and  our 
present  issue  illustrates  satisfactorily  its  quality  and 
character.  It  is  emphatically  n  good  ink  and  well  calcu- 
lated to  give  satisfaction.  One  special  recommendation 
for  all  kinds  of  Johnson's  inks,  is  their  permanency  and 
uniformity  of  qualify.  All  good  pressmen  know  the  diffi- 
culty, or  we  may  say  impossibility  of  producing  good 
printing  continuously  with  any  brand  of  ink  which  varies 
from  time  to  time  in  quality,  is  "capricious,"  or  *'balky," 
as  damaging  results  are  hound  to  follow  and  vex  himself 
as  well  as  the  authora  and  publishers  of  the  works  he 
prints.  

Fresh  attractions  are  constantly  added  to  "Wood- 
ward's Gardens,  amonsr  which  is  Prof.  Gruber's  great 
educator,  the  Zoographicon.  Each  department  increases 
daily,  and  the  Pavilion  performances  are  more  popular 
than  ever.  All  new  novelties  find  a  place  at  this  wonder- 
ful resort.    Prices  remain  as  usual. 

Examine  the  accelerative  endowment  plan,  as  originated 
by  the  Mutual  Benefit  Life  Insurance  Co. ,  of  .Newark, 
New  Jersey.  Assets,  §30,533,429.94.  Lewis  C.  Grover, 
President;  L.  Spencer  Coble,  Vice-President;  Benjamin  C. 
Miller,  Treasurer;  Edward  A.  Strong,  Secretary;  Bloom- 
field  J.  Miller,  Actuary.  Send  for  circulars  to  Jamea 
Munsell,  Jr.,  agent  of  insured,  216  Sansome  St.,  San 
FranciBCO. 

Experimental  Machinery,  drawings,  patterns,  models, 
all  kinds  of  electrical  and  telegraphic  apparatus  to  order. 
See  ad.    F.  W.  Fuller,  416  Market  St.,  second  floor,  S.  F. 

Chew  Jackson's  Best  Sweet  Navy  Tobacco 

METALS. 

[WHOLEBA.LE. 

Wednesday  m..  May  21, 1879. 

American  Pig,  soft,  ton. 23  00  @26  00 

Scotch  Pig,  ton 25  50  @26  50 

American  "White  Pig,  ton 23  00  @ 

Oregon  Pig,  ton 26  50  @ 

Refined  Bar 2J@       3& 

Horse  Shoes,  keg 5  00  @ 

Nail  Rod -@       7 

Norway,  according  to  thickness 6j@       7 

Copper.—  _ 

Sheathing,  lb 34  @      35 

Sheathing,  Yellow 19  @     20 

Sheathing,  Old  Yellow —  @— 

English  Cast,  ft 16  @      17 

Black  Diamond,  ordinary  sizes 16  @ 

Drill 16  @      17 

Flat  Bar 16  @      19 

Plow  Steel 8  @ 

Tin  Plates.— 

10x1410  Charcoal 8J@       9 

10x14  I  C  Coke 7  @       7$ 

BancaTin 18  @— 20 

Australian 15i@      17 

Zinc— 

By  the  Cask 9  @ 

Zinc.  Sheet  7x3  ft.  7  to  10,  lb,  less  than  cask. .  9j@—  10 

Nails.— 

Assorted  sizes 2  90@3  00 


Gold.    Legal   Tenders,    Exchange,  Etc. 

[Corrected  Weekly  by  Sutro  &  Co.] 

San  Francisco.  May  21,  3  P.  M. 

Silver,  1@70. 

Gold  Bars,  890@910.  Silver  Barb,  8@19  V  cent,  dis- 
count. 

Exchange  on  New  York,  20,  on  London  hankers,  49J@ 
49$.  Commercial,  50;  Paris,  five  francs  #  dollar;  Mexican 
dollars.  88@89. 

London  Consols,  98  13-16;  Bonds  (4%),  105. 

Quicksilver  In  S.  F. .  by  the  flask,  3?  lb,  40@4le. 


May  24,  1879.] 


Mining  &Scientific  Press 
Patent    Agency. 


PATENTS  obtained  promptly;  Caveats  filed  expeditiously 
Patent  re-Iaauea  taken  out;  Assignments  made  and  re 
corded  in  legal  form;  Copies  of  Patents  and  Assignments 
procured;  Examinations  of  Patents  made  here  and  at 
Washington;  Examinations  made  of  Assignments  re- 
corded in  Washington;  Examinations  ordered  and  re- 
ported by  Telegraph;  Rejected  cases  taken  up  and  Pat- 
ents obtained;  Interferences  Prosecuted;  Opinions  ren- 
dered regarding;  the  validity  of  Patents  and  Assign- 
ments; Every  legitimate  branch  of  Patent  Soliciting 
Business  promptly  and  thoroughly  conducted. 
Intimate  knowledge  of  the  various  inventions  of  this 
coast,  and  long  practice  in  patent  business,  enable  us  to 
abundantly  Batisfy  our  patrons,  and  our  success  and 
business  are  constantly  Increasing. 

The  ablest  and  most  experienced  inventors  are  found 
among  our  most  steadfast  friends  and  patrons,  who  fully 
appreciate  our  advantages  in  bringing  valuable  inven- 
tions to  the  notice  of  the  public  through  the  columns  of 
our  widely  circulated,  first-class  Journals— thereby  facil- 
itating' their  introduction,  sale  and  popularity. 

DEWEY  &  CO.,  Patent  Agents, 
Office— 202  Sansome  St.,  N.  E.  Cor.  Pine,  S.  F. 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


A.  T.  DSWBr. 


W.  B.  BWER. 


O.  H.  BTRONO. 


(Aipipg  and  Other  Copipapie?. 


Persons  Interested  in  incorporated  shares 
will  do  well  to  recommend  the  publication 
of  the  official  notices  of  their  companies 
In  this  paper,  as  the  cheapest  appropriate 
medium  for  the  same. 


Rocky  Point  Mining  Company.— Location 

of  principal  place  of  buaiuess,  San  Fnmcisce,  California. 

Location  of  works,  Placer  county,  California. 

Notice  is  hereby  Riven  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Directors,  held  on  the  17th  day  of  April,  1879,  an  assessment 
(No.  1)  of  ten  110)  cents  per  share  was  levied  upon  tin.'  capital 
stock  of  the  corporation,  payable  immediately  in  U.  S.  gold 
coin  to  the  Secretary,  at  the  office  of  the  Company,  No.  314 
Bush  street,  San  Francisco,  California. 

Any  stock  upon  which  this  assessment  shall  remain  unpaid 
on  the  29th  day  of  May.  1879,  will  be  delinquent,  and  adver- 
tised for  sale  at  auction;  and  unless  payment  is  made  before, 
will  be  sold  on  Monday,  the  16tb  day  of  June,  1879,  to  pay 
the  delinquent  assessment,  together  with  cost  of  advertising 
and  expenses  of  sale.  By  order  of  the  Board  of  Directors. 
T.  L.  BIBBINS,  Secretary. 

Office,  314  Bush  Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Mount  Jefferson  Milling  and  Mining  Com- 

?Miy. — Location  of  principal   place  of    business,    San 
rancisco,  California.     Location  of  works,  Garrutc  Min- 
ing' District,  Tuolumne  county,  California. 

NOTICE. — There  is  delinquent  upon  the  following  de- 
scribed stocK,  on  account  of  assessment  (No.  6)  levied  on 
the  21st  day  of  March,  A.  D.,  1879,  the  several  amounts 
sot  opposite  the  names  of  the  respective  shareholders,  as 
follows: 

Names.  No.  Certificate.   No.  Shares.  Amt. 

Condee,  G  M,  Trustee 32  3000  150  00 

Condee,  G  M,  Trustee  for  the 

Mount  Jefferson  M  &  M  Co. ,     44  800  40  00 

Condee,  G  M,  Trustee  for  the 

Mount  Jefferson  M  &MCo..     43  2000  100  00 

Condee,  G  M,  Trustee  for  the 

Mount  Jefferson  M  &  M  Co. .     40  2000  100  00 

Condee,  G  M,  Trustee  for  the 

Mount  Jefferson  M  &  M  Co . .     50  2000  100  00 

Condee,  G  M,  Trustee  for  the 

Mount  Jefferson  M  &M  Co..     51  2000  100  00 

Condee,.  G  M,  Trustee  for  the 

Mount  Jefferson  M  &  M  Co. .     54  1000  50  00 

Condee,  G  M,  Trustee  for  the 

Mount  JeffcrsonM&M  Co..     55  1000  50  00 

Condee,  G  M,  Trustee  for  the 

Mount  Jefferson  M  &  M  Co . .     58  110S0  554  00 

Fassett.NC 21  500  25  00 

Fassett,  N  C 20  1000  50  00 

Fassett,  NO 22  600  25  00 

Fassett,  N  C,  Trustee 7  500  25  00 

Fassett,  N  C,  Trustee 8  500  25  00 

Smith,  O,  Trustee 40  1000  50  00 

Smith,  O,  Trustee 41  500  25  00 

Smith,  O,  Trustee 42  500  25  oO 

And  in  accordance  with  law,  and  an  order  of  the  Board 
of  Directors  made  on  the  21st  day  of  March,  1879,  so  many 
shares  of  each  parcel  of  Buch  stock  as  may  be  necessary, 
will  be  Bold  at  public  auction,  at  the  office  of  the  Com- 
pany, on  Tuesday,  the  27th  day  of  May,  1879,  at  the 
hour  of  three  o'clock  p.  m.  of  Baid  day,  to  pay  said  delin- 
quent assessment  thereon,  together  with  costs  of  adver- 
tising and  expenses  of  the  sale. 

R.  N.  VAN  BRUNT.  Secretary. 

Office,  318  Pine  street,  Room  6,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


341 


/Ijnlisert. 


CALIFORNIA  THEATER. 

Barton  &Lawlor Manager. 

Barton  Hill Aoting  Manager. 

lawren6e~barrett. 

Bush  Street,  above  Kearny.  Open  every  evening.  Box 
office  open  from  9  a.  m.  to  10  p.  m.  Seats  may  be  secured 
six  days  in  advance. 

BUSH    STREET    THEATER. 

Cbas.  E.  Locke.  . , Lessee  and  Manager 

H.   M.   S.    PINAFORE. 

Open  every  evening  and  Saturday  Matinee. 

BALDWIN'S  THEATER. 

THOMAS  MAQU1KE Manager. 

P.  Lystbr Acting  Manager. 

CHA8.  H.  Goodwis Treasurer. 

J.  P.  Chapman Assistant  Treasurer, 

THE    MILLIONAIRE'S    DAUGHTER. 

Corner  Market  and  Powell  Streets.  Open  every 
evening  and  Saturday  matinee.    Box  office  open  daily. 


Dunham,  Garrigan  &  Go,, 

Nos.  107, 109  &  111  Front  Street,  S.  F. 
Lathe    Without    Saw    Attachments. 


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Jill 

Price  of  Lathe  without  Saw  Attachments $45.        Price  of  Lathe  with  Scroll  Saw  Attachment ..$55. 

Price  of  Lathe  with  both  Scroll  and  Circular  SaWB,  $70. 
O 

Tx-ULm-|3    Drill    OEltjloIx.. 

Chuck,  for  drills  J  and  under, 
Price $1.50 

Chuck,  for  drills  J  and  under. 

Price $2.25 

They  are  made  on   solid  steel 

plug,  centered  and  readily  fitted 

to  Lathe  or  Drill  Press. 

SEND  FOR  CIRCULAR. 


ESTABLISHED  1867. 

Edwin  Harrington 
&  Son, 

Manufacturers  of 

Extension  &  Gap  Lathes, 

FOOT    LATHES, 

Iron  Plainers,  Boring  Mills,  Center- 
ing and  Tapping  Machines, 

UPRIGHT  DRILLS, 

With  Geared  Heads,  Automatic 
Feed,  quick  return  to  Spindles; 
Multiple  and  Lever  Drills;  Black- 
smith and  Carriage  Makers'  Drills; 
Post  Drills  to  run  by  hand  or  power. 
Radial  Drills,  Suspension  Drills 
with  geared  head.  Automatic  Feed. 

PATENT 

Screw  Pulley  Blocks, 

Unrivalled  for  Durability,  Safety 
and  Power. 

N.  15th  St.  and  Pennsylvania   Av 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 


N.    W.    SPAULDING'S 


PATENT   DETACHABLE  TOOTH    SAWS, 

Maufuactory.  17  &  19  Fremont  St.,  S.  F. 


W.   T.   GARRATT'S 

BRASS  and  BELL  FOUNDRY 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 

MANUFACTURER  AND  IMPORTER  OF 

Church  and  Steamboat  BELLS  and  GONGS 
BRASS  CASTINGS  of  all  kinds. 
WATER  GATES,   GAS  GATES, 
FIRE  HYDRANTS, 

DOCK  HYDRANTS, 

GARDEN  HYDRANTS 

General  Assortment   ol    Engineers'  Findings. 

Hooker's    Patent 
Celebrated 

STEAM  PUMP 

^The  Best  and  Most 
Durable  in  use.  Also, 
a  variety  of  other 


For  Mining  and  Farm- 
ing Purposes. 

ROOT'S  BLAST  BLOWERS, 

For  Ventilating  Mines  and  for  Smelting  Worka. 

HYDRAULIC    PIPES    AND     NOZZLES, 

For  Mining  Purposes. 

Garrati's    Improved     Journal    Metal. 

IMPORTER   OF 

IRON  PIPE  AND  MALLEABLE    IRON    FITTINGS. 

ALL  KINDS  OF 

WORK  AND  COMPOSITION  NAILS, 

AT  LOWEST  RATES. 


Some  fine  sunny  offices  (next 
to  the  Press  office),  to  rent  (at 
very  reasonable  rates),  by  Dewey 
&  Co.,  at  202  Sansome  street, 
corner  of  Pine. 


A  RARE  BUSINESS  CHANCE. 

$250  will  buy  the  Right  for  the  whole  Pacific  Territo- 
ries for  the  BUCKEYE  CLOTHES-LINE  FASTENER 
(just  patented.)    Large  profits  to  manufacturer. 

Address    JOHN  A.  WORLBY.  Cleveland,  O. 


Take  the  Paper  that  standi  by  your  in- 
terests. 


:     _      PRICES  REDUCED.  SEND £-08r;ftEW  CATALOGUE.  ■  '■    ' 

CLAYTON  STEAM  PUMP  WORKS 

■1.4  AND  IS  WATER  STRE ET,  BROOKLYN)  N.  V,'." 


Superior  Wood  and  Metal  Engrav- 
ing, Eleetrotyping  and  Stereotyp- 
_     ing  done  at  theofficeof  the  Mining 

and  Scientific  Press,  San  Francisco,  at  favorable  rates. 

Bend  stamp  for  our  circular  and  samples. 


Engraving. 


STEVENOT'S 

Fine  Gold  Amalgamator. 

Adapted  for  Ores.  Tailings,  Slimes,  Etc. 

Unequaled  for  Cheapness,  Lightness  and 
Practical   Results. 


No  mcchunisiu  required  to  ruu  It.  Worked  entirely  by 
pressure  of  water  throwing  the  ore  forcibly  on  to  and 
through  a  body  of  mercury. 

E.  K.  STEVENOT, 

Chemist  and  Mining  Engineer, 


304  Montgomery  St., 


REPORTS    MADE    ON    MINES. 
Works  of  every  description  started. 


San  Francisco. 
Quartz    Mills, 


NOTICE 


TO    THE 


MINING  PUBLIC. 


MESSRS.  RANKIN,  BRAYTON  &  CO.,  ot 
the  Pacific  Iron  Works,  are  the  only  parties 
authorized  to  manufacture  HOWELL'S  IM- 
PROVED WHITE  FURNACE  under  the 
License  of  this  Company. 

THE  STETEFELDT  FURNACE  CO., 

By  C.  A.  STETEFELDT,  President. 


Referring  to  the  ahove,  the  undersized  would  call  at- 
tention to  the  fact  that  by  a  compromise  recently  effected 
with  the  STETEFELDT  FURNACE  COMPANY,  they 
have  Becured  the  use  of  all  the  patents  of  Baid  Company 
applying  to 

Revolving  Cylinder  Furnaces, 

And  are  thus  enabled  to  give  purchasers  the  license  of 
all  patent  claimants,  to-wit: 

WHITE,    HOWELL,  THOMPSON, 

—  AND     THB  — 

Stetefeldt  Furnace  Company, 

Thereby  avoiding  all  further  litigation  in  reference  to 
theBe  rival  claims.     The  great 

SUPERIORITY  OF  THE  FURNACES 

Embracing  these  patents  has  been  satisfactorily  demon- 
strated. There  are  now  some  thirty  of  them  in  operation 
in  the  various  mining  districts  of  the  coast,  operating  in 
all  cases  with  economy  and  satisfaction,  working  iu  many 
localities 

THE  BASEST  AND  MOST  REFRACTORY  ORES  UP 
TO  90  AND  95  PER  CENT. 

By  an  improvement — the  patent  for  which  has  recently 
been  allowed — this  Furnace  can  be  readily  adjusted  so  as 
to  work  with  equal  facility  and  effectiveness  all  classes  of 
ores. 

The  following  are  some  of  the  Mining  Companies  who 
have  recently  adopted  this  Furnace,  the  most  of  which  are 
now  in  successful  operation,  many  of  them  running  two 
and  some  three  and  four  Furnaces. 

NEVADA.— Grand  Prize,  Star,  Martin  White,  High- 
bridge,  Columbia,  Alexander,  Paradise  Valley,  Jefferson, 
Leopard,  Eagle,  Endowment,  Independence. 

ARIZONA.— Tiptop,  Tiger,  Peck,  Hackberry,  Corbin, 
Tombstone,  Bradshaw. 

OREGON— Monumental. 

MONTANA— Alice  Mine,  Butte  City. 

MEXICO— Trinidad,  Harmiguera,  Plomoses. 

PERU— Cerro  de  Dasco. 


RANKIN,  BRAYTON  &  CO., 

Pacific    Iron    Works. 


CAUTION.— AH  persons  are  hereby  cautioned  against 
buying  from  other  parties  Furnaces  embracing  tbe 
improvements  covered  by  the  patents  above  mentioned 
as  they  will  be  vigorously  prosecuted  and  involved  in 
heavy  damages. 


mummw 

£^%/I^t*BERRY*PUCE 

At  the  Old  Stand,  Market,_head  of  Front  Street,  S.  F. 


342 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[May  24,   1879. 


Iron  apd  (Aachipe  Vfojfe 


TH03.  PENDEBQAST. 


HENRY  S.  SMITH. 


JETNA   IRON    WORKS, 


MAITCTACTURBK8  OF 


IRON  CASTINGS 

and     MACHINERY 


OF  ALL  KINDS. 


Fremont  Street,  Bet.  Howard  and  Folsom, 


SAN    FRANCISCO. 


SACRAMENTO  BOILER   WORKS, 

214  &  216  BE  ALB  St.,  (rear  of  JEtne.  Foundry) 

J.  V.  HALL, 

PEAGJTIOALi    BOILER    MAKER, 

Marine,  Stationary  and  Portable  Boilers,  Smoke  Stacks, 

Hydraulic  Pipe,   Oil  or  "Water  Tanks,    Ore  and 

Water  Buckets,  Gasometers,  Girders,  Bridges 

and   Iron   Ship   Building. 

ALL    KINDS    OF   SHEET    IRON    WORK. 

Repairing   promptly   attended   to    at   the 
lowest   possible    terms. 

UNION  IRON  WORKS, 

SACRAMENTO,    CAL. 
ROOT,    NBILSON    &    CO., 

MANUFACTURERS  OF 

STEAM    ENGINES,  BOILERS   AND    ALL 
Kinds  of  Machinery  for  Mining  Purposes. 

Flouring  Mills',  Saw  Mills'  and  Quartz  Mills'  Machinery 

constructed,  fitted  up  and  repaired. 

Front  Street,  Between  N  and  O  Streets, 

SACRAMENTO,     CAL. 


PHELPS 
MANUFACTURING    COMPANY, 

Manufacturers  of  all  kinds  of 

Wharf  and  Bridge  Bolts,   Eallroad  TreBtle 

Work,   Car  Frames  and  Bolts,  Machine 

Bolts,   Set  Screws    and   Tap  Bolts, 

Lag   or    Coach    Screws. 

ALL  STYLES   OF  FANCY  HEAD  BOLTS. 

HOT  AND  COLD  PRESSED  HEXAGONAL  AND 

SQUARE  NUTS,  WASHERS,  BOLT  ENDS, 

TURNBUCKLES,  ETC.,  ETC. 

13, 15  and  17  Drumm  St.,  near  California, 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 


Golden  State  &  Miners  Iron  Works, 

Manufacture  Iron  Castings  and  Machinery 
of  all  Kinds  at  Greatly  Reduced  Bates. 

STEVENSON'S  PATENT 

Mold-Board  AMALGAMATORS, 
Golden  State  Pressure  Blowers. 

First  St..  between  Howard  &  Folsom,  S.  F. 


Wm.  H.  Birch.  John  Akgall. 

California    Machine   Works, 
BIROH,    ARGALL    &    CO., 

119  Beale  Street,  San  Francisco. 

fl^General  Mechanical  Engineers  and  Machinists. 
Steam  Engines,  Flour,  Quartz  and  Mining  Machinery. 
Sole  manufacturers  of  Brodie's  Patent  Rock  Crushers  and 
Steel-Paced  Tappits,  Steam,  Hydraulic  and  Sidewalk 
Elevators.    Repairing  promptly  attended  to. 


California    Brass    Foundry, 

No,  125  First  Street,  Opposite  Minna. 
SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 

All  kinds  of  Brass,  Composition,  Zinc,  and  Babbitt 
Metal  Castings,  Brass  Ship  Work  of  all  kinds,  Spikes, 
sheathing  Nails,  Rudder  Braces,  Hinges,  Ship  and  Steam- 
boat Bells  and  Gongs  of  superior  tone.  All  kinds  of  Cocks 
and  Valves,  Hydraulic  Pipes  and  Nozzles,  and  Hose  Coup- 
lings and  Connections  of  all  sizes  and  patterns,  furnished 
with  dispatch.  ^.PRICES  MODERATE."^ 

J.  H.  WEED.  V.  KINGWELL. 

STEAM  ENGINES  AND  BOILERS 

Of  all  sizes— from  2  to  60-Horse  power.  Also,  Quartz 
Mills,  Mining  Pumps,  Hoisting  Machinery,  Shafting,  Iron 
Tanks,  etc.    For  Bale  at  the  lowest  prices  by 

J.    HBNDY,  49  and  51  Fremont  Street,  S.  P. 


THOMAS  THOMPSON. 


THORNTON  THOMPSON. 


THOMPSON    BROTHERS, 

EUREKA    FOUNDRY, 

129  and  131  Beale  St. ,  between  Mission  and  Howard,  S.  F 

MANUFACTURERS  OF  CASTINGS  OF  EVERY  DESCRIPTION. 


W I N  0  Mill  One  of  the  best  made  in  this  State 
■uiiis  iiiikUi  for  sale  cheap  on  easy  terms.  Ad- 
dress, W.  T.  care  of  Dewey  &  Co.,  S.  F. 


GEORGE  W,  PRESCOTT. 


IRVING  M.  SCOTT. 


H.  T.  SCOTT. 


Union    [rqn   ffoius. 

Office,  61  First  St.  |  Cor.  First  &  Mission  Sts.,  S.  F.  [  p,   0.   Box,  2128. 


BUILDERS     OF 


Steam,    Air   and    Hydraulic    Machinery. 

Home  Industry.— All  Work  Tested  and  Guaranteed. 

Vertical  Engines, 
Horizontal  Engines, 
Automatic  Cut-off  Engines, 
Compound  Condensing  Engines, 
Shafting, 

TRY    OUR    MAKE,  CHEAPEST   AND    BEST    IN    USE. 
Send  for  Late  Circulars.  PRESCOTT,  SCOTT  &  CO. 


Baby  Hoists, 

Stamps, 

Ventilating  Fans, 

Pans, 

Rock  Breakers, 

Settlers, 

Self-Feeders, 

Retorts, 

Pullets, 

Etc.,  Etc 

"W^illiam     Hawkins, 

(SUCCESSOR  TO  HAWKINS  &  CANTRBLL). 

MACHINE    "WOIRIKIS, 

210  and  212  Beale  Street,  bet.  Howard  and  Folsom  Sts..    -    -    San  Francisco. 

Manufacturer    of 

IMPROVED  PORTABLE  HOISTING  ENGINES, 

FOR   MINING!   AND    OTHER    PURPOSES. 

Steam  Engines  and  all  Kinds  of  Mill  and  Mining  Machinery. 


Pacific  Rolling  Mill  Co., 

SAN    FRANCISCO,    CAL. 

MANUFACTURERS    OF 

RAILROAD  AND    MERCHANT  IRON, 

ROLLED  BEAMS,  ANGLE,  CHANNEL  AND  T  IRON,  BRIDGE  AND  MACHINE  BOLTS,  LAG  SCREWS',  NUTS 
WASHERS,  ETC.,  STEAMBOAT   SHAFTS,  CRANKS,  PISTONS,  CONNECTING   RODS,  ETC.,  ETC. 

Car  and  Locomotive  Axles  and  Frames,  and  Hammered  Iron  of  Every  Description. 

HIGHEST    PRICE    PAID    FOR   SCRAP    IRON. 

tW  Orders  Solicited  and  Promptly  Executed.  Office,  No.  16  FIRST  STREET. 


Corner  Beale  and  Howard  Sts., 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 

W.  H.  TAYLOR,  Pres't.  JOSEPH  MOORE,  Sup't. 

Builders  of  Steam  Machinery 

In  all  its  Branches, 

Steamboat,  Steamship,  Land 

Engines  and  Boilers, 

HIGH  PRESSURE  OR  COMPOUND. 


STEAM  VESSELS,  of  all  kinds,  built  complete  with 
Hulls  of  Wood,  Iron  or  Composite. 

OBDINARY  ENGINES  compounded  when  ad- 
visable. 

STEAM  LATJ  NCHES,  Barges  and  Steam  Tugs  con- 
structed with  reference  to  the  Trade  in  which  they  are 
to  be  employed.  Speed,  tonnage  and  draft  of  water 
guaranteed. 

STEAM  BOILERS.  Particular  attention  given  to 
the  quality  of  the  material  and  workmanship,  and  none 
but  first-class  work  produced. 

SUGAR  MILLS  AND  SUGAR-MAKING 
MACHINERY  made  after  the  most  approved  plans. 
Also,  all  Boiler  Iron  Work  connected  therewith. 

"WATER  PIPE,  of  Boiler  or  Sheet  Iron,  of  any  size 
made  in  suitable  lengths  for  connecting  together, 
sheets  rolled,  punched,  and  packed  for  shipment  ready 
to  be  riveted  on  the  ground. 

HYDRAULIC  RIVETING.  Boiler  Work  and 
Water  Pipe  made  by  this  establishment,  riveted  by 
Hydraulic  Riveting  Machinery,  that  quality  of  work 
being  far  superior  to  hand  work. 

SHIP  WORK.  Ship  and  Steam  Capstains,  Steam 
Winches,  Air  and  Circulating  Pumps,  made  after  the 
most  approved  plans. 

PUMPS.  Direct  Acting  Pumps,  for  Irrigation  or  City 
Water  Works  purposes,  built  with  the  celebrated  Davy 
Valve  Motion,  superior  to  any  other  Pump. 


FixLton    Iron    Works. 

Hinckley,  Spiers  &  Hayes. 

(ESTABLISHED    IN    1855.) 

Works,  Fremont  and  Howard  Sts.  |  San  Francisco,  Cal.  |  Office,  No.  213  Fremont  St. 


—  AT  THB  — 

Electric  Model  &  Machine  Works 

Inventors  and    others  can  i?et  First-Class 
Work  at  Moderate  Prices. 

After  10  years  experience  with  inventions  and  other 
mechanical  work,  I  am  fully  prepared  to  execute  draw- 
ings, working-models  and  fine  machinery  of  any  descrip- 
tion to  entire  satisfaction. 

Brass  Finishing,  Pattern  Making,  Gear  Cutting,  Tele- 
graphic and  other  Electrical  Apparatus  by  competent 
workmen. 

TELEPHONES   TO   ORDER. 
F.  W.  FULLER,  415  Market  Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


MANUFACTURERS    OF 


Marine  Engines  and  Boilers, 

Propeller  Engines  either  High  Pressure  or  Com- 
pound Stern  or  Side  Wheel  Engines. 

Mining  Machinery. 

Hoisting  Engines  and  Works,  Cages,  Ore  Buckets,  Ore 
Cars,  Pumping  Engines  and  Pumps,  Water  Buckets, 
Pump  Columns,  Air  Compressors,  Air  Receivers, 
Air    Pipes. 

Mill  Machinery. 

Batteries  for  Dry  or 


Wet  Crushing,     Amalgamating 


Eng 


Pans,  Settlers,  Furnaces,  Retorts,  Concentrators,  Ore 
Feeders,  Rock  Breakers,  Furnaces  for  Reducing  Ores 
Water  Jackets,  Etc. 


Sugar  Machinery. 


Crushing  Rolls,  Clarifiers,  Vacuum  Pans,  Air  Pumps, 
Concentrators,  Bag  Filters,  Charcoal  Filters,  Blow-up 
Tanks,  Coolers  and  Receiving  Tanks. 


Miscellaneous   Machinery. 


Flour  Mill  Machinery,  Saw  Mill  Engines  and  Boilers, 
Dredging  Machinery,  Oil  Well  Retorts,  Powder  Mill  Ma- 
chinery, Water  Wheels. 


inPQ    3flri     RflHpPQ  °*  a^  ^mt*3*  either  for  use  on  Steamboats  and  made  in  accordance  with  the 


Act  of  Congress  regulating  the  same,  or  for  use  on  land.  Water  Pipe,  Pump 
or  Air  Column,  Fish  Tanks  for  Salmon  Canneries  of  every  description. 
Boiler  repairs  promptly  attended  to  and  at  very  moderate  rates. 


PACIFIC    IRON    WORKS, 

First  and  Fremont  Streets,  between  Mission  and  Howard,  San  Francisco,  Cal., 
RANKIN,   BRAYTON    &    CO., 

Manufacturers    of 

ENGINES,  BOILERS,   MARINE   AND    STATIONARY.      PUMPING,   HOISTING,  AND    MINING   MACHINERY 

INCLUDING  BATTERIES,  AMALGAMATING  PANS  AND  SETTLERS,  CONCENTRATORS,  ORE  FEEDERS, 

CRUSHING  ROLLS  AND  ROCK  BREAKERT.     ALSO,  WATER  JACKET  SMELTING  FURNACES, 

FOR  REDUCING  LEAD,  SILVER   AND    COPPER   ORES,  QUICKSILVER   FURNACES, 

RETORTS  AND  CONDENSERS,  ROASTING  AND  CHLORIDIZING  FURNACES, 

SUGAR   MILL    MACHLNERl,   WATER    WHEELS,  Etc.,   ALL    OF   THE 

LATEST  AND  MOST  IMPROVED  CONSTRUCTION. 

Agents  for  the  Allen  Engine  Governor,  Bailey  Air  Compressor,  Howell's 
Improved  White  Furnaces,  Walker's  Compound  Steam  Pumps,  Etc. 


Western  Iron  "Worlis, 

316     and     318     Mission     Street,     San     Francisco, 
PERRY  EDWARDS,  Prop'r. 

Manufacturer  of  Wrought  Iron  Girders,  Trusses,   Prison   Cells,  Iron  Roofs,  Crest 
Railings,  Finials,  Fences,  Weathervanes,  Gratings,  Iron  Work  for  Models,  Etc. 

Nickel  Plated  Railings.        Bank  and  Store  Fittings.       Estimates  given  and  Iron  Work  furnished  for  Buildings. 


Main    Street    Iron    Works, 

WM.    DEACON,    PROPRIETOR. 

Nos.  131, 133  &  135  Main  St.,  San  Francisco. 

Siailonary  and  Marine  Engines, 

Shafting,  Pulleys,  and  General  Machine  Work.  Jobbing 
and  repairing  done  Promptly  and  at  Lowest  Rates. 
Screw  Propellors,  Propellor  and  Steamboat  Engines. 

SAW  MILLS  and  SAW  MILL  MACHINERY. 


BERRY&PLACE 

Market,  head  of  Front  Street,  San  Francisco. 


Diamond    Drill    Co. 

The  undersigned,  owners  of  LESCHOT'S  PATENT 
for  DIAMOND  POINTED  DRILLS,  now  brought  to  the 
highest  state  of  perfection,  are  prepared  to  fill  orders 
for  the  IMPROVED  PROSPECTING  AND  TUNNELING 
DRILLS,  with  or  without  power,  at  short  notice,  and 
at  reduced  prices.  Abundant  testimony  furnished  of 
the  great  economy  and  successful  working  of  numerous 
machines  in  operation  in  the  quartz  and  gravel  mines 
on  this  coast.  Circulars  forwarded,  and  full  infor- 
mation given  upon  application. 

A.  J.  SEVERANCE  &  CO. 
Office,  No.  320  Sansome  street.  Room  10. 


GOLD    MINE    WANTED. 

One  now  paying  more  than  expenses.    Addres 

W.    S.    KEYBS,    M.    B., 
No-  310  Pine  St.,  Room  42,   San   Francisco 


Should  con- 
sult DEWEY 
&  CO.,  Ambr- 


Engraving  done  at  Ms  office,      .  Dewey  &  Co.  { Sanf„m2e  st }  Patent  Ag'ts. 


California  Inventors 

ican  and  Foreign  Patent  Solicitors.  Established  in 
1860.  Their  long  experience  as  journalists  and  large  prac- 
tice as  patent  attorneys  enables  them  to  offer  Pacific  Coast 
inventors  far  better  service  than  they  can  obtain  else- 
where.   Send  for  free  circulars  of  information.    Office  of 

the    MlNTNQ    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS    and    PACIFIC     RURAL 

Press,  No.  202  Sansome  St.,  San  Francisco. 


May  24,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


343 


Machinery  Depot, 


f  a:flk.:e3  cfe 


No.  417  Market  Street,  San  Francisco. 


NO.    7    IMPROVED 


AIR    COMPRESSOR. 


With  Adtustable  Cut-off  Poppet  Valve  Engine,  and  Forced  Iron  Crank  Shafts- 


SPECIAL    ADVANTAGES. 

Absolute  certainty  in  the  action  of  the  valves  at  any  speed.  Perfect  delivery  of  the  air  at  any 
speed  or  pressure.  The  heating  of  tho  air  entirely  prevented  at  any  pressure.  Takes  less  water  to 
cool  the  air  than  any  other  Compressor. 

Power  applied  to  tho  best  advantage.  Access  obtainable  to  all  the  valves  by  removing  air  chest 
covers.  Kntire  absence  of  springs  or  friction  to  open  or  shut  the  valves.  No  valve  stems  to  break 
and  drop  inaide-of  cylinders. 

Have  no  back  or  front  heads  to  break.  Tho  only  Machine  that  makes  a  perfect  diagram.  No 
expensive  foundations  required.     Absolute  economy  in  first  cost  and  after  working. 

Displacements  in  air  cylinder  perfect.  Showing  less  leakage  and  friction  than  our  competitors 
aud  a  superior  economy  of  about  20  per  cent. 

Small  Sizes  made  in  Sections  not  to  Exceed  300  lbs. 


HERCULES    SLAYING    THE    GIANTS. 


HERCULES  POWDER 

Derives  its  name  from  Hercules,  the  most  famous  hero  of  Greek  Mythology,  who  was  gifted  with  superhuman 

strength.     On  one  occasion  he  slew  several  giants  who  opposed  him,  and  with  one  hlow 

of  bis  club  broke  a  high  mountain  from  summit  to  base. 


HERCULES  POWDER  will  break  more  rock,  is  stronger,  safer  and  better  than  any  other 
Explosive  in  use,  and  is  the  only  Nitro-Glycerine  Powder  chemically  compounded  to  neutralize 
the  poisonous  fumes,  notwithstanding  bombastic  and  pretentious  claims  by  others. 

No.  1  (XX)  is  the  Strongest  Explosive  Known. 
No.  2  is  superior  to  any  powder  of  that  grade 

PATENTED  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE. 


THE    CALIFORNIA    POWDER  WORKS, 


MANUFACTURERS  OF 


Sporting,  Cannon,  Mining,  Blasting  and  HEKCULES  Powder, 

ORDERS  RECEIVED  FOR  HERCULES  CAPS  AND  .FUSE. 


JOHN    F.   LOHSE,   SECY. 


Office,  No.  230  California  Street, 


San   Francisco,    Cal, 


THE  SAFETY  POWDER  COMPANY, 


San  Francisco,  Cal. 


CARTRIDGE. 


GEN.  W.  S.  ROSECRANS, 
President. 


C0L.[SAM'LS0.  GREGORY, 

Secretary. 


Fuse  Lighter  and  Fuse. 


Safety  Cap  ,and  Fuse. 


Electric  Cap. 


Safety  Powder,  Caps,  Electric  Caps,  and  Fuse  Lighters. 

Under  a  series  of  U.  S.  Patents,  after  long  and  carefully  conducted  experiments  and  thou- 
sands of  tests,  this  Company  is  prepared  to  manufacture  and  supply,  for  Miniug  and  Engineering 
Works,  the  above  named  articles  at  prices  aud  on  terms  as  favorable  as  articles  of  similar  grades 
are  now  supplied  in  this  market.  Our  Powders  contain  no  Nitro-glyceriue,  no  Nitroline,  no  Gun 
Cotton,  no  Fulminates,  and  are  free  from  the  unavoidable  dangers  in  manufacturing 
transporting,  handling  and  using  of  all  high  grade  explosives  which  contain  those  elements. 

Cold  does  not  affect  them.  They  cuise  no  headaches  or  other  inconveniences  in  handling, 
and  tlie  smoke  from  their  explosion  contains  no  poisoning  or  sickening  vapors. 

Their  blasting  force,  with  slight  tamping,  at  least  equals  that  of  any  Powders  now  used,  but 
they  admit  and  require  strong  tamping  to  bring  out  their  immense  and  peculiar  lifting  power 
which  follows  their  detonating  work.     They  should  be  tired,  therefore,  by  our 

Safety   Cap, 

Which  allows  tamping  without  danger.  They  can  be  fired  by  any  caps  now  employed  in  blasting, 
but  the  use  of  these  is  always  dangerous  with  any  Powder,  and  the  loss  of  the  throwing  power 
resulting  from  lack  of  tamping  renders  it  with  our  Powders  doubly  objectionable. 

Our  SAFETY  CAPS  have  twice  or  thrice  the  force  of  triple  Giant  Caps.  When  Bet  on  fire 
they  do   not  explode,  but  merely  burn  off,  aud  are  perfectly  safe  in  transporting  and  in  tamping. 

In  round  tin  boxes,  50  cents. 

The  Safety   Fuse   Lighter, 

Cheap,  handy  and  sure  to  light  the  Fuse  upon  the  end  of  which  it  is  fastened,  only  needs  a  trial 
to  be  appreciated  by  every  miner  who  is  up  to  "snuffs."    25  Cents  per  box;  sent  by  mail. 

Safety   Fuse, 

Equal  to  the  best  in  the  market,  will  be  supplied  at  the  lowest  market  prices. 


In  consequence  of  spurious  imitations  of 

LEA    AND    PERRINS'    SAUCE, 

which  are  calculated  to  deceive  the  Public,  Lea  and  Per r ins 
have  adopted  A  NE  W  LABEL,  bearing  their  Signature, 
thus, 

which  is  placed  on  eve*y  bottle  of  WORCESTERSHIRE 
SA  UCE,  and  without  which  none  is  genuine. 

Ask  for  LEA  &  PERRINS'  Sauce,  and  see  Name  on  Wrapper,  Label,  Bottle  and  Stopper. 
Wholesale  and  for  Export  by  the  Proprietors,  Worcester  ;  Crosse  and  B.'ackwell,  London, 
&C.,  Gfc;  and  by  Grocers  and  Oilmen  throv-hout  the  World. 

To  be  obtained  of  CROSS  &  CO.,  San  Francisco; 


THE    AMERICAN 


TTJEBINE 


All  sizes, 
and  adapted  to " 

from         ^_  .  

3to50°      Water  Wheels 


feet  bead 


THE  BEST  IN  THE 
WORLD  ! 

Send  for  our  Circular 

and  Prices. 
3ERRY&  PLACE. 

Market  St.,  Head  of  Front, 

San  Francisco. 


Imperial  Parchment 

LINEN 
WRITING   PAPERS 

For  Foreign  and  Mercantile  Corres- 
pondence. :uid  Legal  use. 
Handsomely  iiut  up  mquarterre-ini. 
boxes,  and  Envelopes  to  match.     Notes.  Letters,  Letter- 
heads,  Legal  Cap  and  Abstract  Legal 

For  Sale  by  nil  Stationers. 
H.  S.  CROCKER  &  CO.,  Cent.  Acts. 


I  I  mn  Good  land  tliat  will  raise  a  crop  every 
I  II  R  I  1 1  year.  Over  14,000  acres  for  sale  in  lota  to 
I  II  In  1  I  "Sll-L  Climate  healthy.  No  drouths,  bad 
LnllU  floods,  nor  malaria.  AVood  and  water 
convenient.  U.  S.  Title,  perfect.  Send  stamp  for  illus- 
trated circular,  to  EDWARD  FRISBIE,  Proprietor  of 
Reading  Ranch,  Anderson,  Shasta  County,  Cal. 


344 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[May  24,   1879. 


HB  r- 


IflBfc 


GOLD  AND  SILVER 

Grinding  and  Amalgamating 
MACHINERY. 

Stamp  MUIb,  Rock  Breakers.  Crushing  Rolls,  Amalgama- 
ting Pans  and  Separators  for  Gold  and  Silver  Ores,  Chloro- 
dizing  Furnaces,  Retorts,  Rock  Drills.  Air  Compressors,  Steel 
Shoes  and  Dies  for  Stamps,  and  every  description  of  Mine 
and  Mill  Supplies. 


1  r 

SPERRY'S 

Wrought-lron    Frame 

FOR    STAMP    MILLS. 

Great  saving  in  time  and  money  over  the  wood  frame.  Is 
made  complete  with  wrougbt-iron  frame  ready  to  put  upon 
the  foundation,  requiring  no  skilled  millwright.  These  mills 
are  unsurpassed  in  excellence  in  every  particular. 

We  are  furnishing  all  the  Machinery  for  a  10-Stamp  Gold 
Mill,  including  Crucible,  Steel  Shoes  and  Dies,  Boiler  and 
Engine,  Counter  Shafting.  Pulleys,  etc..  Stamps  weighing 
450  lbs.  each,  with  Copper  Plate  inside  of  the  Mortars,  and 
for  tables  outside,  making  all  the  Machinery  complete  for  a 
10-Stamp  Mill  for  the  sum  of 

$2,250. 

"We  construct  Mills  with  Stamps  weighing  from  350  to  900 
lbs.  for  gold  r  Silver  Ores.  Wet  or  dry  Crushing  Mortars. 
Will  contract  to  erect  complete  Gold  and  Silver  Mills  on  the 
most  improved  plans  We  have  30  years'  experience  in  rain- 
ing and  milling  Gold  and  Silver  Ores,  and  can  compete  with 
the  world.    Send  for  a  circular.    Address 

M0EEY  &  SPERRY, 

No.  145  Broadway,       -      -      NEW  YORK. 


GARDNERS' 

Celebrated 


Governor 


These  Steam  Governors   have   long 
been  known  as  THE  BEST,  and 
as  lately  Improved  and  Per- 
fected, they  have  no  Rival. 

THE    SAFETY     STOP 

On  these  Governors  is  alone  worth  double  the  price  of 
the  Governor.    We  have  sold  over  six  hundred,  and 

Never  one  has  Failed. 

They  are  sold  at  the  same  price  (or  less)  as  ordinary 
Governors.    Send  for  Circular. 

BERRY   &   PLACE, 

Market,  head  of  Front  St,  San  Francisco 

C.  C.  Bitner's  Apparatus  for  Obtaining  Met- 
allic Copper  from  its  Solutions. 

Patented  March  18th,  1879.  Will  precipitate  with  steam  in 
three  hours,  requiring  no  machinury  to  run  it.  Cost  of  con- 
structing apparatus,  $75.  The  old  cylinder  process  takes 
four  hours  to  precipitate  and  costs  from  §1,200  to  31,500  to 
construct,  besides  the  machinery  to  run  it.  For  right  to  use 
my  Precipitator  address  C.  C.  BITNER,  Spenceville,  Ne- 
vada County,  California,  j 


MANUFACTURED  UNDER  A.    NOBEL'S  ORIGINAL  AND  ONLY  VALID  NITROGLYCERINE  PATENTS 

Nos.  ONE,    TWO    and    THREE, 

Stronger,    Better  and  Safer  than  any  other  High  Explosive. 


Judson    Powder 

IS  NOW  USED  IN  ALL  LARGE  HYDRAULIC  CLAIMS. 
It  breaks  more  ground,  pulverizes  it  better,  saves  time  and  money,  and  is    superseding'    the   ordinary 
powder  wherever  it  is  tried.    j&TripIe  Force  Caps  and  all  Grades  of  Fuse. 

BANDMANN,  NIELSEN    &   CO., 

SAN    FRANCISCO,    CAL. 


PATENT - 


Prevents  Lead  Poisoning 
and  Salivation* 


INVALUABLE  to  those  engaged  in  Dry  Crushing 
Quartz  Mills,  Quicksilver  Mines,  Guano 
Works,  White  Lead  Corroding-,  Feeding 
Threshing-  Machines  and  all  occupations  where  the 
surrounding  atmosphere  is  filled  with  dust,  obnoxious 
smells  or  poisonous  vapors.  The  Respirators  are  sold 
subject  to  approval  after  trial,  and  if  not  satisfactory  the 
price  will  oh  refunded.  Price  $3  each,  or  $30  per 
dozen.    Sent  post-paid  to  any  address  upon  receipt  of  price 

SETH  MARSHALL,  Jr.,  Agent, 

309  California  Street,   San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Send  for  Descriptive  Circulars  containing  testimonials 
of  well-known  parties  who  are  at  present  using  them. 


VULCAN  BLASTING  POWDER. 

The  Strongest,  Safest,  Most  Uniform  and  Reliable  "HIGH 
EXPLOSIVE"  Manufactured  on  the  Coast. 

MINERS  TESTIFY  THAT  IT  IS    FREE   FROM  OBJECTIONABLE   FUMES. 


We  call  the  attention  of  all  desiring  such  a  Powder  to  our  various  grades,  which 
we  are  prepaied  to  ecII  at  LOWEST  RATES. 

1    Equalling  Liquid  Nitro-Glycerine  in  Strength.    We  recommend  this 

'  •        Grade  in  extremely  hard  rock,  boulders,  iron,  etc. 

Will   do  the  work  thoroughly   in  all  but   the   hardest   kinds    of 

•        rock. 
O  For    bench  work,   pipe-clay,   soft  and  shelly    rock,   outside    work 


No 
No 
No 


and  quarrying. 

Single  and   Triple   Force  Caps,    Fuse  of  all  Grades,  Vulcan 

Powder  Thawing  Boxes,  Batteries  and  Exploders, 

For  Sale  at  the  Lowest  Bates. 

VULCAN    POWDER    COMPANY, 

Office,  123  California  Street,  Rooms  25  and  26,      -      -      SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 


PIANOS! 


LOWEST  PRICES, 

EASIEST    TERMS    OF    PAYMENT, 

MOST  RELIABLE  INSTRUMENTS.  Old  Pianos  taken  as  first 
payment  for  new.  All  Instruments  fully  warranted.  Tuning  and 
Repairing.    Pianos  at  Wholesale. 

WALTER  S.  PIERCE,  30  New  Montgomery  St.,  Palace  Hotel,  S.  F. 


STEEL 
CASTINGS. 


From  1-4  to   10,000  lbs.  Weight. 

True  to  pattern,  sound  and  solid,  of  unequaled  strength,  toughness  and  durability. 
An  invaluable  substitute  for  forcings  or  cast-iron  requiring  three-fold  strength. 
(Jt-aring   of  all   kinds.   Shoes,    Dies,    Hammerheads.    Crosshcads  for  Locomotives,  etc. 
12.000  Crank  Shafts  of  this  Steel  now  running  proved  superior  to  wrought  iron. 
CRANK  SHAFTS,  CROSSHEADS  and  GEARING,  specialties. 
Circulars  and  Price  Lists  free.    Address 

Chester  Steel  Castings  Co. 

"Works,  Chester,  Pennsylvania.       407  Library  St,  Philadelphia 


This  paper  is  printed  with  Ink  furnished  by 
Chas.  Eneu  Johnson  &  Co.,  509  South  10th 
St.,  Philadelphia  &  59  Gold  St..  N.  Y. 


AN    ENGINEER, 

Favorably  known  in  the  East,  desirous  of  settliiiR  in  Califor- 
nia, seeks  position  as  Superintendent  or  Chief  Draughtsman. 
Competent  to  design  Stationary,  Marine,  Locomotive,  Mill 
Work,  Sugar  and  Hydraulic  Machinery.  Speaks  SpaniBh. 
Unexceptional  references.    Address  EXPERT,  this  office.      I 


A.  S.  HALLIDIE. 

Office,  No.  6  CaJjJo^nia^Streetj 


inattlandtof 

Wire  Rope, 

Flat  and  Round,  for  MiningJ^ 'hipping, 
Hoisting  and  Gjymqnyirposes. 

Having  tWmoSt  cVfTjjfete  \dtr, sxtauivi 
Wua-«BV  Vttrks  ij  Ununited  Statu;  I  an 
prep&wrto mJrwfattnro  Wire  Hope  and  Cabla 
of  an^longt&  or  size  at  short  notion,  and  guar- 
antee ths  quality  and  workmanship  eqnaL  to 
soy  made  at  boms  or  abroa±~>y 

iron,  SteeI~M^GAva)ized  Wire 

Of  allfeuea  oa.  harf^or-faade  to  order, 

Barljea-Tence  JWre, 

Sole  rropri. 

Hallidi^j^-rE^&leaE  xttepeway, 

FafthJ^Ampo^atien'of  Ores.  Eta 
*arSeritS(J>r  aHSrcnlar. 

A.  S.  HAIIIDIE. 

OSe*.  No.  0  California  St..  San  Franpf^ 


FOB.    SAX£. 

THE  MACHINERY   AND   PLANT 

—  OF  THE  — 

HOPE    IRON    WORKS, 

—  C0NBI8TING  OF  — 

Pattern,  Machine  and  Blacksmith  Shop, 
AND  FOUNDRY. 

Address  THE  HOPE  IBON  WORKS, 

Potrero,  San  Francisco. 


CHELMSFORD 

WRITINC^JII  PAPERS 

Cream  Tint.  Satin  Finish.     For  Family  and  Mercantile 
Correspondence.      Handsomely  put  up  in  quarter  ream 

boxes,  aud  Envelopes  to  match. 

For  Sale  by  all  Stationers. 


H.  S.  CROCKER  &  CO.,  Sou  Agents. 


A     CARD. 

To    Parties    Interested    in    Mining 
and  Milling. 

Call  at  J.  HENDY'S,  N.  E.  corner  of  Mission  and 
Fremont  Streets,  San  Francisco,  and  examine  COLEMAN'S 
PATENT  SLUICE.  It  will  save  both  float  and  flour  Gold. 
The  best  system  yet  devised.  No  power  required  to  work 
it.  Examine  it  and  judge  for  yourselves  before  purchas- 
ing: elsewhere. 


A  CHEAP  QUARTZ   MILL. 

The  Mexican  Arastra  Americanized 

So  as  to  pulverize  Ave  times  as  fast  and  amalgamate  as 
perfect.    Call  and  see  it  or  send  for  Circulars. 

ALMABIN  B.  PAUL, 
Room  20,  Safe  Deposit  Building,  San  Francisco. 


An   Illustrated 


g,   Popular  Science 


tmi  News* 


3V    WEWEY    «&    CO., 

Publishers. 


SAN  FRANCISCO,  SATURDAY,  MAY  31,  1879. 


VOX.T/WE    XXXVIII 

dumber    3S. 


foi 

mi 
m, 
he 

sii 


He  Would  Know   about  the    Comstock 

Felines. 

"A  subscriber  and  constant  reader"  writes 
asking  to  be  informed,  through  the  Press, 
who  are  the  owners  of  certain  mines  on  the 
Comstock,  the  extent  to  which  such  mines  have 
been  opened,  whether  they  have  developed  pay 
ore,  whether  a  goneral  rise  in  the  market  would 
be  likely  to  carry  up  the  prices  of  these  stocks 
or  heavy  assessments  tend  to  depress  them,  and, 
finally,  whether  these  mines  will,  in  time,  pay 
legitimate  profit  without  extra  heavy  assess- 
ments. Touching  the  ownership  of  these  prop- 
erties and  the  explorations  made  upon  thern,  in- 
formation can  be  obtained  by  applying  to  the 
offices  of  the  respective  companies,  much  rela- 
tive to  the  extent  and  progress  of  such  explora- 
tions having  oppeared  from  time  to  time  in  our 
Washoe  letters,  published  weekly  in  the  Press. 
In  regard  to  the  other  points,  about  which  in- 
quiry ia  made,  we  may  say  we  have  no  exact  in- 
formation, though  our  impression  is  that  the 
mines  in  question  possess  very  little  intrinsic 
lent,  and  will  never  be  likely  to  enrich  ahare- 
olders  through  their   dividend   disbursements. 

As  the  letter  alluded  to  is  but  one  of  many  of 
similar  purport  constantly  being  received  by  us, 
we  will  make  this  an  occasion  for  answering  the 
whole  of  them  in  a  general  way.  It  has  been 
our  uniform  practice  to  discourage  persons  of 
Binall  means  from  investing  in  Comstock  stocks, 
more  especially  in  those  of  a  purely  speculative 
kind.  We  are  of  the  opinion  that  the  explora- 
tion of  these  mines  should  be  left  to  be  carried 
on  by  rich  men  or  by  parties  of  such  consider- 
able means  that  the  loss  of  a  few  thousand  dol- 
lars would  not  Beriously  affect  thern.  In  this 
belief  we  have  repeatedly  advised  all  others  to 
abstain  from  having  anything  to  do  with  either 
Comstock  shares  or  mines.  The  man  who  can- 
not afford  to  lose  a  thousand  dollars  where  he 
has  half  a  chance  in  a  hundred  to  win  ten  times 
that  amount,  should  meddle  with  neither. 

But  how  insensate  must  be  that  person  who 
proposes  to  embark  in  this  slippery  business  on 
information  derived  through  the  newspaper  press 
or  like  imperfect  channels.  How  can  he  hope 
for  success  relying  upon  such  sources  of  intelli- 
gence when  the  keen,  careful  and  sagacious 
dealer,  after  examining  the  mines  in  person  and 
availing  himself  of  the  services  of  trained  ex- 
perts, after  entering  into  every  manner  of  com- 
bination and  exhausting  all  the  sharp  expedi- 
ents known  to  the  profession,  comes  out  very 
often  a  loser?  It  is  true  one  buying  hap-hazard 
might  win  on  these  stocks;  but  then  it  should 
be  reflected  that  the  day  of  miracles  is  supposed 
to  be  over. 

We  declare  to  our  readers  and  mankind  at 
large  that  we  are  possessed  of  no  such  knowledge 
as  these  inquiries  imply,  nor  do  we  know  of  any 
hapless  newspaper  establishment  that  has  at- 
tached thereunto  an  intelligence  office  for  giving 
precise  information  about  each  and  every  mine 
on  the  coast,  and  directing  just  where  to  look 
for  a  bonanza  on  the  Comstock.  Moreover,  we 
are  ignorant  of  any  means  whereby  the  locality 
of  such  ore  bodies  can  be  designated,  except  it 
be  the  machine  of  Ai  Peck,  through  the  aid  of 
which  he  can,  as  he  claims,  accomplish  this  very 
desirable  end.  As  Mr.  Peck  is  not  a  million- 
aire, he  could  probably  be,  through  a  small  coin 
tender,  persuaded  to  experiment  with  this  ma- 
chine, occult  gift,  or  whatever  it  may  be,  for 
the  benefit  of  the  curious  or  confiding. 

We  make  it  a  point  to  answer,  according  to 
the  best  of  our  ability,  all  inquiries  in  regard  to 
mines  and  mining  matters  addressed  to  us.  We 
like  to  impart  to  our  readers  all  the  nseful  in- 
formation on  these  and  kindred  subjects  that 
lies  in  our  power,  and  we  think  the  files  of  the 
Press  will  show  that  we  have  taken  some  pains 
to  do  so.  But  about  properties  of  a  merely 
speculative  kind  and  which,  like  the  mines  in 
question,  have  at  best  but  a  precarious  future, 
we  do  not  pretend  to  keep  posted;  first,  because 
those  who  coutrol  and  run  them  do  not  allow 
outsiders  to  know  anything  more  about  their 
condition  and  prospects  than  they  can  help;  and 
secondly,  because  it  is  supposed  that  parties  in- 
tending to  become  interested  in  properties  so 
dangerous  will  investigate  for  themselves. 


The  Elkins  Amalgamator. 

We  spoke  last  week  of  the  "Elkins  Boss 
Cold  Amalgamator,"  which  we  saw  at  work  in 
the  basement  of  No.  318  Pine  street,  and  here- 
with illustrate  the  machine.  The  cut  gives 
a  very  correct  idea  of  the  size,  shape  and  ap- 
pearance. It  measures,  screens  and  feeds  itself, 
so  little  care  is  necessary  in  using  it.  The  in- 
ventor says  it  is  capable  of  amalgamating  at  the 
rate  of  about  three  tons  per  hour,  and  can  be 
run  by  hand,  steam,  horse  or  water  power. 
It  has  a  rotary  pump  attached  which  enables  it 
to  use  the  water  over  again  when  water  is 
scarce,  consuming  two  or  three  hogsheads  per 
day.  When  not  using  a  pump  a  three-quarter- 
inch  pipe  will  furnish  a  supply.  The  inventor 
claims  that  if  not  forced  too  fast  the  machine 
will  save  from  90%  to  95%  of  the  precious  metal 


venting  all  loss  of  quicksilver  and  precious 
metals.  At  the  extreme  lower  end  of  the  large 
cone-shaped  cylinder  is  the  amalgam  chamber 
or  safe,  which  is  always  kept  securely  locked, 
thus  preventing  all  loss  by  waste  or  dishonesty. 
Any  ordinarily  intelligent  man  can  operate  this 
machine  after  very  little  instruction.  The  price 
of  this  machine  complete  is  §250,  and  the  in- 
ventor says  "the  cost  of  running  will  not  exceed 
25  cents  per  ton  in  excess  of  handling  the 
material. "  It  is  intended  to  work  earth,  gravel, 
pulp,  mill  tailings  and  black  sand,  Messrs. 
Elkins  &  Lynch,  No.  318  Pine  street,  will  show 
the  machine  at  work  to  any  one  interested  in 
seeing  it. 

Native  Brass. 

Of  late  years  numerous  specimens  of  brass- 
like alloys  have  been  found  on  the  shores  of 
Lake  Superior  and  on  the   Pacific  coast,  which 


THE    ELKINS    IMPROVED    GOLD    AMALGAMATOR. 


in  the  pulp.  The  machinery  is  supported  by  a 
frame  made  from  three -by -three  joist,  about 
four  feet  square  by  five  feet  high,  so  arranged 
that  it  can  be  taken  apart  and  tied  in  bundles 
for  convenient  transportation,  no  part  weighing 
over  150  pounds,  the  whole  machine  weighing 
about  500  pounds.  On  the  frame  is  a  long  iron 
hopper  (into  which  all  material  maybe  sluiced 
or  shoveled),  in  the  bottom  of  which  is  a  screw 
conveyor  for  feeding  and  measuring  all  material 
to  be  treated.  At  the  lower  end  of  this  hopper 
is  a  shaking  screen  through  which  all  material 
must  pass,  that  separates  all  coarse  particles, 
preventing  their  passing  through  the  machine. 
From  the  screen  it  drops  into  a  hopper  on  the 
upper  end  of  a  three-inch  iron  pipe,  through 
which  all  material  passes  into  the  quicksilver 
chamber  at  the  lower  end  of  a  cone-shaped  cast- 
iron  cylinder.  It  then  passes  through  from 
three  to  four  inches  of  quicksilver  and  is  forced 
by  water  up  to  the  top  of  the  cylinder  through 
the  overflow  pipe  and  off.  While  passing  from 
the  quicksilver  chamber  it  is  met  by  a  counter 
current  of  fine  sprays  of  water,  forced  from  a 
series  of  perforated  hollow  revolving  arms, 
that  washes  and  settles  all  fine  or  flour  gold  and 
quicksilver — thus  absolutely  and  positively  pro- 


claim attention  from  the  assertions  and  general 
belief  among  Western  miners  that  they  are  in 
fact  native  brass.  As,  however,  in  every  case 
the  specimens  obtained  have  not  come  directly 
from  the  mines  themselves  and  in  no  case 
through  the  instrumentality  of  scientific  ob- 
servers, the  truth  of  the  belief  may  be  fairly 
questioned.  The  Mining  Record  gives  an  inter- 
esting account  of  specimens  of  this  alleged 
native  brass  forwarded  to  them  for  analysis  by 
Mr.  Samuel  D.  Hill  of  Downieville.  These 
specimens  were  found  in  the  ravines  along  the 
south  fork  of  the  north  Yuba  river  in  Sierra 
county.  They  are  small,  somewhat  flattened 
concretionary  masses  from  three-fourths  to  one- 
fourth  centimeters  in  diameter  and  without 
apparent  crystalline  structure.  Their  color 
ranged  from  dark  reddish  brown  to  yellowish 
white,  their  streak  was  faint  yellowish  white, 
and  they  were  slightly  incrusted  with  green 
carbonate  of  copper.  Somewhat  brittle,  specific 
gravity  of  one  specimen  S.  33.  An  analysis  of  this 
sample  by  Dr.  T.  B.  Stillman  gave:  Copper, 
85.02%;  zinc,  11.02%;  antimony,  3.82%;  iron, 
0.9%;  total,  99.95%. 

Tub  financial  trouble  in  Holland  continues. 


Ball's  Improved  Dredging  Machine. 

Mr.  John  A.  Ball,  the  inventor  of  two.dredg- 
ing  machines  previously  described  in  our  col- 
umns,  is  now  working  a  third  one  invented  by 
him,  which  is  the  property  of  the  South  Pacific 
Coast  Narrow-Cauge  Railroad  Co.  This  was 
built  under  Mr.  Ball's  directions  and  combines 
the  features  of  the  old  dredges  with  various 
later  improvements.  The  general  mechanical 
principles  are  the  same,  but  in  detail  much 
improved. 

The  principal  difference  in  this  dredge  from 
the  others  is  the  peculiar  arrangement  of  iron 
pipes  with  flexible  joints,  employed  to  convey 
the  mud  or  earth  on  shore,  after  it  is  raised  by 
the  buckets. 

The  hull  of  the  dredge  is  75  feet  long,  8^  feet 
deep  and  30  feet  wide.  .  At  one  end  is  a  "spud" 
strong  enough  to  hold  the  dredge  in  place  firm- 
ly at  the  same  time  allowing  the  after  end  to 
swing  around,  the  spud  serving  as  a  pivot.  At 
the  after  end  there  is  a  slot  24  feet  into  the  hull, 
and  projecting  aft  is  a  frame  for  the  support  of 
the  ladders  that  carry  the  endless  chains  and 
buckets.  From  the  upper  to  the  lower  Bhaft, 
over  which  the  bucket-conveying  chains  pass, 
is  75  feet  distance,  the  buckets  running  at  an 
angle  of  45°.  The  upper  shaft  is  about  29  feet 
above  water  line,  making  the  chute  into  which 
the  mud  drops  from  the  buckets  about  25  feet 
above  water  line.  The  lower  end  of  the  ladder 
is  lowered,  and  as  the  chains  revolve  the  buck- 
ets cut  out  and  lift  the  mud,  passing  up  and 
dumping  their  loads  into  the  chute  at  the  top  of 
the  machine.  As  the  mud  falls  from  the  buckets 
into  the  chute  it  meets  a  stream  of  water  from 
two  No.  14  Hooker  pumps,  each  of  which  has 
a  capacity  of  l,0ll0  gallons  per  minute.  The 
mud  is  thus  churned  and  cut  up  by  this  stream, 
and  driven  into  the  mouth  of  the  pipe  leading 
to  the  shore.  It  is  not  so  much  on  hydraulic 
force  that  they  depend  to  drive  the  mud  through 
the  pipe,  but  by  its  own  gravity;  the  mud  and 
water  entering  the  pipe  at  a  higher  point  than 
the  end  where  it  is  deposited,  will  run  through. 
The  stream  is  assisted,  however,  by  a  hydraulio 
jet  entering  the  pipe  under  water,  almost  in  a 
line  with  the  flowing  mass.  The  mud  may  be 
lifted  from  a  depth  of  22  feet  below  the  scow, 
and  is  elevated,  25  feet  above  water  line,  be- 
fore being  allowed  to  flow  off.  The  line  of  flex- 
ible pipes  lies  on  the  bottom  of  the  river  or 
creek,  the  shore  end  raising  up  over  the  bank 
to  the  point  where  the  mud  is  deposited.  It  is 
now  being  deposited  at  Oakland  creek,  where 
the  dredge  is  at  work,  about  16  feet  higher  than 
ordinary  low  tide.  In  digging  the  slip  for  the 
freight  boats  of  the  railroad  company  they  have 
made  a  deep  excavation  and  built  an  embank- 
ment on  the  bank,  behind  which  the  mud  is  led 
by  the  pipes.  This  space  behind  they  have 
filled  to  a  depth  of  from  three  to  six  feet.  The 
pipes  carrying  the  mud  are  12  inches  in  diame- 
ter. When  it  is  desired  to  lift  the  spud  and 
move  the  scow  to  a  new  position,  by  reversing 
a  valve  the  water  is  drawn  out  of  the  pipes 
which  then  fill  with  air  and  float  to  the  surface 
of  the  water.  The  scow  can  then  be  moved 
without  injuring  the  pipes;  at  all  times  when  at 
work  the  pipes  lie  on  the  bottom  so  that  no 
action  of  the  waves  caused  by  passing  steam- 
boats will  injure  them,  nor  is  there  any  strain 
on  the  pipes. 

There  is  a  12x20  engine  and  two  boilers  to 
furnish  power  for  the  buckets  and  pumps.  They 
have  no  means  of  measuring  the  work  accom- 
plished, but  the  foreman  calculated  the  day  we 
saw  the  machine  at  work,  that  it  had  raised  and 
deposited  on  the  bank  about  800  cubic  yards, 
and  thought  a  full  good  day's  work  would  be 
1,000  yards.  The  cost  is  estimated  from  seven 
to  eight  cents  per  cubic  yard.  The  machine  is 
now  digging  close  up  to  the  bank.  The  material 
flows  through  the  pipe  rapidly,  and  they  have 
no  trouble  with  the  pipe  in  choking,  as  consid- 
erable water  flows  through  with  the  mud. 
There  are  a  number  of  improvements  comprised 
in  this  machine  which  are  worthy  of  considera- 
tion by  those  interested  in  dredging  or  excava- 
ting appliances.  The  feature  of  depositing  the 
mud  on  the  bank  or  levee  is  an  important  one 
in  this  country,  as  it  does  away  with  the  ex- 
pense of  using  scows  and  tugs  to  carry  off  the 
mud,  depositing  it  where  it  will  be  useful  in 
reclaiming  low  lands, 


346 


MINING    AND 


SCIENTIFIC 


PRESS. 


[May  31,  1879. 


CORRESPONDENCE. 


We  admit,  unendorsed,  opinions  of  correspondents.— Eds. 


Occurrence  of  Artesian  Water. 

Editors  Press  :— Do  the  underground  currents  of  water, 
which  supply  artesian  wells,  follow  the  conformation  of 
the  earth,  ascending  and  descending  like  strata  of  rock, 
veins  of  ore  and  coal,  at  altitudes  above  the  ocean  level  ? 
Canyougive  theaddress  of  the  most  experienced,  practical 
artesian  well-borer  in  the  State,  and  oblige  a  sub- 
scriber ?— John  Knight,  Sanel,  Meudocino  Co. 

The  currents  of  artesian  water  may  be  said  to 
follow  the  strata  beneath  the  surface,  because 
it  is  in  certain  strata  that  the  water  moves,  but, 
of  course,  the  curves  of  these  strata  cannot  be 
always  determined  from  the  careless  observa- 
tion of  the  surface.  Concerning  the  occurrence 
of  artesian  water  Prof.  E.  W.  Hilgard,  in  his 
article  on  the  subject  in  Johnson's  Cyclopedia, 
remarks  as  follows  :  "  Artesian  wells  are  most 
readily  obtained  where  the  geological  formations 
possess  a  moderate  inclination  or  'dip,'  and  are 
composed  of  strata  of  materials  impervious  to 
water  (rock  or  clay)  alternating  "with  such  as, 
like  sand  or  gravel,  allow  it  to  pass  more  or  less 
freely.  The  rain  water  falling  where  such 
strata  approach  to  or  reach  the  surface,  will  in 
great  part  accumulate  in  the  pervious  strata, 
rendering,  them  'water-bearing.'  Thus  are 
formed  sheets  of  water  confined  between  two 
inclined,  impervious  walls  of  rock  or  clay,  above 
as  well  as  below,  and  exerting  great  pressure  at 
their  lower  portions.  When  water  so  circum- 
stanced finds  or  forces  natural  outlets,/  we  shall 
have  springs;  when  tapped  artificially  by  means 
of  a  bore  hole,  we  have  an  artesian  well,  from 
whose  mouth  the  water  may  overflow  if  its  sur- 
face level  be  below  that  of  the  head  of  pressure. 
The  principle  is  substantially  the  same  as  that 
upon  which,  artificial  fountains  are  constructed. 
Even  in  the  absence  of  properly  water-bearing 
pervious  strata,  accumulation  of  water  may 
exist  in  crevices  or  fissures. 

"In  regions  where  unstratified  rocks  prevail,  or 
where  the  stratified  rocks  are  much  disturbed, 
the  finding  of  artesian  water  becomes  a  matter 
of  great  uncertainty,  and  can,  in  general,  be  ex- 
pected only  at  considerable  a&ptns  and  at  low 
surface  levels.  In  formations  possessing  but  a 
slight  inclination  or  'dip,'  the  head  of  water 
pressure  may  be  many  miles  distant,  and  a  dif- 
ference of  level  between  its  locality  and  that  of 
the  well  may  not  be  at  all  apparent  to  ordinary 
observation.  It  is  thus  obvious  that  the  study 
of  the  geological  structure  and  general  surface — 
conformations  of  a  region,  is  primarily  needful 
in  determining  the  probability  of  success  in 
obtaining  artesian  water  in  any  given  locality." 

Our  querist  asks  for  the  most  experienced 
and  practical  well-borer  in  the  State.  We  do 
not  know  who  is  entitled  to  this  distinction. 
The  best  we  can  do  is  to  invite  well-borers  to 
write  to  Mr.  Knight  and  give  references  to  the 
work  they  have  done. 


Strikes  at  Tombstone. 

The  Arizona  Citizen  states  that  the  develop- 
ments during  the  past  ten  days  upon  the  prin- 
cipal mines  in  Tombstone  are  undoubtedly  the 
most  important  and  satisfactory  of  any  since 
.  work  was  commenced  there.  Upon  the  Conten- 
tion the  main  shaft  reached  a  depth  of  162  feet 
and  a  drift  started  upon  that  level  in  as  rich  and 
well-defined  a  ledge  of  ore  as  any  cares  to  see. 
The  113-foot  level  is  now  open  for  a  distance  of 
360  feet,  and  the  vein  is  continuous.  Upon  the 
dumps  at  least  1,000  tons  of  ore  are  piled. 

Work  upon  the  Lucky  Cuss  is  continued 
with  flattering  results.  On  the  lowest  of  the 
three  shafts  a  body  of  very  high  grade  ore, 
which  promises  to  be  extensive,  was  struck  last 
week.  The  other  shafts  and  tunnel  show 
remarkably  well  also.  The  Corbin  15-stamp 
mill,  which  is  to  work  the  ore  from  this  mine, 
arrived  at  the  mill  site  on  the  San  Pedro  last 
Friday. 

The  big  strike  was  made,  however,  in  the 
Tough  Nut,  and  it  increases  the  value  of  that 
remarkable  mine  immensely.  Heretofore  this 
mine  has  been  a  puzzle  even  to  the  owners,  for 
large  bodies  of  very  rich  ore  were  found  wher- 
ever any  work  was  done,  but  up  to  last  week 
no  well-defined  ledge  had  been  struck.  In  the 
West  shaft,  however,  is  now  found  as  strong 
and  well-defined  ledge  lying  between  the  lime- 
stone and  porphyry,  as  is  to  be  found  anywhere. 
The  width  of  the  ledge  we  are  not  advised  of  at 
present,  but  it  is  known  to  be  sufficient  to  make 
every  one  who  knows  of  it  very  enthusiastic 
over  the  future  of  the  mine  and  of  the  whole 
district.  The  discovery  of  this  ledge  gives  for 
the  first  time  a  solution  of  the  Tough  Nut 
problem.  It  is  now  quite  certain  that  two 
large  ledges  are  in  this  mine,  the  one  just  found 
coming  down  from  the  West  shaft  and  the 
other  coming  across  from  the  work  on  the  Good 
Enough  claim  and  following  the  course  of  the 
Tough  Nut  gulch.  The  two  ledges  seem  to 
unite  at  the  original  point  of  discovery  at  cross- 
cut No.  3,  where  the  largest  ore  body  has  been 
always  thought  to  lie.  It  is  the  prevailing 
opinion  among  those  best  qualified  to  judge  that 
the  combined  ledge  continues  along  the  gulch 
and  through  the  Sweet  Nut  claim.  Large 
dumps  of  ore  are  piled  at  the  various  shafts  and 
cuts  on  the  Tough  Nut,  aud  there  is  said  to  be 
enough  ore  in  sight  to  wear  out  the  mill  which 
is  now  approaching  completion  on  the  San 
Pedro.  Supt.  Gird  expects  to  have  the  mill 
finished  by  the  20th  of  this  month,  and  to  begin 
crushing  regularly  on  June  1st, 


Some  Thoughts  on  the  Glycogenic  Func- 
tions of  the  Liver. 

[Read  before  the  Chemical  Section  by  Joseph  Le  Costs,] 

II— Disposal  of  Waste. 

In  my  previous  paper*  I  attempted  to  show 
that  the  well-known  remarkable  fact,  that 
nearly  the  whole  food  absorbed  from  the  ali- 
mentary canal  is  distributed  through  the  liver 
before  it  reaches  the  general  circulation,  is 
proof  that,  in  a  very  important  way,  the  liver 
prepares  the  food  for  the  uses  to  which  it  is 
applied  in  the  animal  body ;  and  farther,  that 
this  preparation  is  accomplished  by  the  glyco- 
genic function.  According  to  my  view  there 
are  three  sources  of  glycogen,  viz:  1st.  The 
whole  of  the  amyloids.  These  are  arrested  in 
the  liver  as  glycogen  and  redelivered  as  liver 
sugar,  little  by  little  as  required,  and  burned. 
2d.  Albuminoid  excess.  This  is  split  into  a 
combustible  portion  which  is  delivered  to  the 
blood  as  liver  sugar  and  burned,  and  an  incom. 
bustible  portion  which  is  either  urea  or  rapidly 
sinks  into  urea  and  is  eliminated  by  the  kid- 
neys. 3d.  Waste  tissue.  This  is  also  split  in 
the  liver  and  disposed  of  like  the  last.  There 
are  the  same  three  sources  of  vital  force  and 
animal  heat,  viz:  1st.  The  combustion  of  the 
whole  of  the  amyloids.  2d.  The  combustion  of 
the  combustible  portion  of  albuminoid  food  ex- 
cess. 3d.  The  combustion  of  the  combustible 
portion  of  waste  tissues.  Therefore  the  func- 
tion of  the  liver  is  to  prepare  all  the  fuel  of  the 
body;  and  this  fuel  is  only  liver  sugar. 

Now  it  has  been  brought  to  my  attention 
that  my  account  of  the  disposal  of  waste  is  in 
conflict  with  the  usual  view  of  physiologists, 
which  view  is  supported  by  many  facts.  Let 
us  then  state  sharply  the  difference. 

According  to  the  usual  view  oxygen  taken  in 
at  the  lungs  is  carried  by  the  arterial  blood  to 
the  tissues;  there  seizes  with  avidity  upon  these 
at  the  moment  of  their  decomposition,  changes 
them  into  CO2  ,  H2  O  and  urea;  and  then  these 
final  products  of  combustion  only  are  carried  by 
the  venous  blood  to  be  eliminated  by  the  lungs 
and  kidneys.  According  to  my  view,  on  the 
contrary,  waste  tissue  is  not  burned  or  changed 
into  final  products  at  once,  but  circulates  as  in- 
combustible matter  dissolved  in  the  blood;  is 
carried  to  the  liver  and  there  prepared  for  final 
combustion  and  elimination,  and  only  there^ 
after  does  it  unite  with  oxygen  to  form 
CO2  and  H2  O.  We  see  the  contrast:  which 
view  is  right?  There  are  some  facts  which 
strongly  support  each  view.  The  usual  view 
that  waste  tissue  is  burned  at  once  and  only 
the  final  products  of  combustion  circulate  in 
the  blood,  is  supposed  to  be  sustained  (1)  by  the 
fact  that  the  change  from  bright  to  dark  blood, 
the  exchange  of  oxygen  for  carbonic  acid,  and 
therefore  the  combustion,  takes  place,  princi- 
pally if  not  entirely  in  the  capillaries  and  there- 
fore in  contact  with  the  tissues;  and  (2)  by  the 
additional  fact  that  increased  activity  of  any 
organ,  e.  g.,  a  muscle,  is  attended  with  in- 
creased heat,  increased  waste  and  therefore  pre- 
sumably of  increased  combustion  of  waste.  But 
on  the  other  hand  my  view  is  sustained  by  the 
experiments  of  Schiff,  already  alluded  to  in  my 
previous  paper.  These  experiments  prove  in 
the  most  positive  manner,  that  poisonous  waste 
is  carried  to  the  liver  and  there  decomposed  and 
made  comparatively  innocuous. 

Here  then  are  two  incontestible  facts.  1st. 
The  combustion  of  waste  takes  place  princi- 
pally if  not  wholly  in  the  capillaries,  and  there- 
fore in  contact  with  the  tissues.  2d.  The 
waste  is  not  burned  as  such,  as  soon  as  formed, 
but  must  be  carried  to  the  liver  to  be  prepared 
for  final  combustion.  These  two  facts  must  be 
brought  together  and  reconciled.  I  think  this 
may  be  done  as  follows: 

1st.  It  must  be  remembered  that  waste  is  but 
a  small  fraction  of  the  material  used  as  fuel;  by 
far  the  larger  portion  of  such  material  being 
food  which  never  becomes  tissue  at  all,  viz: 
amyloids  and  albuminoid  excess.  Now  these 
also,  although  they  or  the  fuel  made  from  them 
are  confessedly  carried  and  burned  in  the  blood, 
are  burned  principally  in  the  capillaries,  and 
therefore  in  contact  with  the  tissues.  The  rea- 
sons, then,  for  burning  combustible  food  prin- 
cipally in  the  capillaries,  would  equally  apply 
to  burning  combustible  ivaste  in  the  same  place; 
and  therefore  the  fact  that  combustible  waste 
is  burned  principally  in  the  capillaries  is  no 
argument  that  it  is  burned  as  soon  as  formed. 
Evidently  then  the  question  is  not  one  which 
concerns  the  combustion  of  waste  alone,  but  the 
combustion  of  all  fuel.  The  question  is:  Why 
does  combustion  of  the  combustible  portion, 
both  of  food  and  waste,  take  place,  and  there- 
fore both  heat  and  other  forms  of  force  are  gen- 
erated, in  the  capillaries  and  in  contact  with  the 
tissues  ?  The  final  cause  is,  indeed,  plain 
enough:  it  takes  place  there,  because  there  the 
force  is  wanted;  but  what  is  the  physical  cause, 
or  the  process  which  determines  this  result  ? 
There  are  probably  several. 

1st.  The  blood  is  much  longer  time  in  the  cap- 
illaries than  in  any  other  portion  of  its  course, 
and,  therefore,  even  if  the  rate  of  combustion 
be  mi  form,  the  amount  of  combustion  would  be 
greater  there  than  in  any  other  place.  And, 
moreover,  if  increased  activity  increases  heat 
and  therefore  combustion,  it  does  so  because  it 
also  increases  the  blood  supply. 

2d.  But  probably  the  rate  of  combustion  in 

*  American  Journal,  Vol.  XV.,  p.  99- 


the  course  of  circulation  is  not  uniform.  It  is 
probable  that  the  tissues  themselves  are  an  ap- 
paratus for  causing  or  accelerating  combustion. 
The  termination  of  nerve  fibers  in  the  tissues 
aud  the  controlling  influence  of  nerves  over  all 
functions  suggests  that  the  discharge  or  the  ar- 
rest of  nerve  current  in  some  way  we  do  not 
understand,  is  the  principal  cause  of  combus- 
tion, and  therefore  of  generation  of  force  there. 
Farther,  it  has  been  suggested  to  me  by  Mr. 
Christy,  assistant  in  the  chemical  laboratory, 
that  the  chemical  process  may  possibly  be  some- 
thing like  this:  Oxygen  is  carried  by  the  hcerae- 
globin,  the  fuel  is  carried  as  liver  sugar  by  the 
plasma,  side  by  side  in  the  same  current;  nerve 
discharge  reverses  the  order  of  affinity,  and  the 
oxygen  immediately  leaves  bremeglobin  to  seize 
the  sugar.  In  most  tissues,  such  as  many  glands, 
etc.,  which  are  constantly  active;  and  in  all  tis- 
sues, so  far  as  the  function  of  nutrition  is  con- 
cerned, the  process  is  continuous  and  under  the 
influence  of  the  sympathetic  or  vaso-motor  sys- 
tem. In  muscular  contraction,  on  the  other 
hand,  the  discharge  is  powerful  and  periodic, 
and  under  the  influence  of  the  voluntary  or  re- 
flex system. 

3d.  It  is  probable  also,  nay,  almost  certain 
that  the  first  decomposition  of  tissue  short  of 
combustion,  i.  e.,  the  first  formation  of  waste,  be- 
ing a  descensive  change — a  change  from  a  less 
stable  to  a  more  stable  condition — is  itself  a  pro- 
cess by  which  heat  and  other  forms  of  force  are 
generated.  This  of  course  takes  place  only  in 
the  tissues. 

My  view,  therefore,  is  briefly  as  follows:  The 
liver  sugar  formed  from  the  sources  already 
mentioned,  first,  commences  to  burn  in  the  cap- 
illaries of  the  lungs ;  and  second,  continues  to 
burn  in  the  course  of  the  arterial  circulation. 
The  combustion  thus  far  produces  only  heat. 
But,  third,  the  main  combustion  takes  place  in 
the  capillaries,  probably  under  the  influence  of 
nerve  discharge,  and  this  part  generates  not  only 
heat,  but  other  forms  of  force  characteristic  of 
the  peculiar  tissue.  But  the  fact  that  the  main 
combustion  takes  place  in  contact  with  the  tis- 
sues has  misled  physiologists  to  believe  that  the 
tissues  themselves  are  burned. 

It  seem  to  me  that  physiologists  do  not  even 
yet  sufficiently  appreciate  the  function  of  the 
blood  as  a  reservoir.  The  blood  must  be  re- 
garded as  a  reservoir,  not  only  for  oxygen  and 
carbonic  acid,  but  also  and  still  more  for  food, 
lor  fuel  and  for  waste.  It  is  now  well  recognized 
as  a  reservoir  for  oxygen  and  carbonic  acid,  but 
not  sufficiently  for  food  and  waste.  The  tissue- 
food  of  to-day  is  not  used  for  building  to-day, 
but  the  blood  is  drafted  upon  for  materials  for 
this  purpose  and  resupplies  itself  from  albumi- 
noid food.  The  amyloid  food  of  to-day  is  not 
burned  to-day,  but  the  blood  is  drafted  upon 
for  fuel  and  resupplies  itself  from  the  liver, 
while  the  liver  in  its  turn  resupplies  itself  from 
the  amyloid  food.*  So,  also,  waste  tissue  of 
to-day  is  not  mainly  burned  and  eliminated 
to-day,  but  the  blood  is  again  drafted  upon  for 
fuel  from  this  source,  and  resupplies  itself  from 
the  liver  and  the  liver  from  the  tissues. 

FinaUy,  it  will  be  observed  that  the  view 
which  I  here  present  as  to  the  disposal  of  waste, 
is,  in  some  respects,  intermediate  between  the 
view  of  the  old  physiologists,  under  the  guidance 
of  Lavoisier,  and  the  modern  view.  According 
to  the  old  view,  the  waste  is  dissolved  in  the  blood, 
carried  to  the  eliminating  organs,  especially  the 
lungs,  and  there  burned,  with  rejection  of  the 
products  of  combustion.  The  lungs  are,  there- 
fore, the  furnace  of  the  body.  According  to 
the  usual  modern  view,  oxygen  is  taken  into  the 
blood,  is  carried  to  the  tissues,  burns  there  on 
the  spot  the  waste,  and  the  products  of  com- 
bustion are  then  carried  to  be  eliminated  in  the 
lungs.  The  old  view  is  right  in  supposing  that 
waste  is  carried  in  the  blood,  but  wrong  in  sup- 
posing it  to  be  combustible,  and  therefore  burned 
as  soon  as  it  meets  oxygen  in  the  lungs.  The 
modern  view  is  right  in  supposing  that  combus- 
tion takes  place  mainly  in  the  tissues  and  not  in 
the  lungs,  but  wrong  in  supposing  that  it  is  the 
unprepared  waste  which  is  there  burned. 

*The  rapidity  with  which  the  fuel  supply  in  the  blood  is 
exhausted  by  activity  and  restored  by  food  is  far  greater 
in  some  insects,  c.  g. ,  bees,  than  in  higher  animals.  In 
bees,  one  hour  of  activity  without  food  entirely  exhausts, 
while  food  restores  in  five  minutes.  This  is  the  result  of 
the  extraordinary  nervous  and  muscular  activity  of  these 
iusects. 


An  Old  Settler. — The  Tuscarora  Times- 
Review  is  responsible  for  the  following:  About 
a  week  ago  at  the  500  level  in  the  Grand  Prize, 
a  blast  demolished  the  residence  of  a  Preadamic 
frog.  At  all  events,  a  rather  diminutive  speci- 
men of  that  branch  of  the  amphibian  species 
was  found  among  the  rock  thrown  out  by  the 
blast.  It  was  brought  to  the  surface,  and  since 
that  time  has  been  quartered  in  a  jar.  When 
first  brought  into  the  upper  world  it  was  nearly 
white  and  almost  transparent,  but  since  then 
its  back  has  changed  to  a  dingy  mottled  green. 
It  has  no  mouth,  and,  of  course,  has  eaten 
nothing  since  its  removal  from  its  subterranean 
abode.  Its  eyes,  which  are  never  closed,  not 
even  to  wink,  resemble  two  small  black  glass 
beads,  and  are  about  as  expressionless.  They 
are  evidently  sightless,  as  objects  brought  with- 
in a  hair's  breadth  of  them  fail  to  effect  any 
movement  or  change  in  them  whatever.  Its 
shape  is  not  like  others  of  its  species,  except  its 
forelegs  and  claws,  which  are  disproportionately 
long.  Its  sense  of  feeling  and  hearing  appear 
to  be  ordinarily  acute,  and  it  is  nearly  as  live- 
ly as  its  surface -raised  brethren  usually  are 
under  similar  circumstances.  While  we  will 
not  venture  any  surmise  regarding  its  history 
prior  to  its  liberation,  we  will  vouch  for  the 
truth  of  the  above  narrative  and  description. 


The  Wonderful  Sinks. 

In  a  late  issue  we  published  an  account  of  the 
Nevada  sinks,  taken  from  the  Eureka  Sentinel, 
maintaining  the  view  that  they  retain  their 
level  through  evaporation  and  haye  no  subter- 
ranean outlet.  To  this  the  Inyo  Independent 
adds:  That  the  sinks  and  lakes  of  the 
Great  basin  are  held  to  their  levels  mainly 
through  evaporation  is  undoubtedly  the  fact  of 
the  case.  Mono  and  Inyo  counties  have  the 
most  notable  sinks  of  the  kind  in  the  world. 
Probably  Big  Owens  lake  receives  as  much  or 
more  water  than  the  Humboldt  sink.  It  is  not 
true,  however,  that  the  quantity  of  water  is  at 
all  times  the  same;  the  great  lake  is  now  some 
four  feet  higher  than  11  or  12  years  ago.  The 
amount  of  snow-fall  in  the  mountains  is  the  only 
thing  governing  it.  In  summer  heat  the  total 
amount  of  evaporation  from  its  vast  expanse  of 
water  is  incalculable,  and  doubtless  furnishes 
moisture  for  the  winter  snow-fall  of  the  adjoin- 
ing high  Sierras.  The  minute  particle's  of  min- 
erals and  alkalies  gathered  from  the  soil  by  the 
inflowing  streams  are  left  in  solution  in  the 
lake,  and  during  the  centuries  of  this  process 
the  lake  has  assumed  its  Dead  sea  character,  in 
which  no  living  thing  can  exist,  save  worms 
and  a  small  nondescript  water-fowl.  Mono  lake 
is  fully  12  feet  higher  than  it  was  many  years 
ago.  At  the  northwest  corner  of  the  lake,  near 
the  Frenchman's,  the  posts  of  a  former  sheep 
corral  can  be  seen  far  out  into  the  water,  A 
pre-empter  recently  appeared  in  the  United 
States  Land  Office  to  prove  up  his  claim  located 
five  or  six  years  ago.  Of  his  160  acres  he  stated 
that  all  but  40  acres  was  under  water,  and  he 
very  naturally  did  not  wish  to  pay  for  more 
than  that  amount.  Some  ascribe  the  fact  of 
the  water  rising  to  an  increased  amount  of  snow 
on  the  mountains  during  the  winter  over  former 
times;  some  believe  that  the  turning  of  Virginia 
creek  into  the  lake  has  caused  the  change; 
while  others  hold  to  the  theory  that  some  secret 
outlet  to  the  lake  has  become  filled  up.  What- 
ever may  be  the  cause,  the  fact  is  evident  that 
the  lake  is  rising  at  the  rate  of  a  foot  or  two  a 
year.  There  are  numerous  evidences  that  in 
former  times  Mono  lake  extended  over  a  vast 
extent  of  territory — certainly  10  times  as  great 
as  now.  Is  it  not  possible  that  in  course  of 
time  it  may  again  assume  its  ancient  propor- 
tions ? 

Requirements  of  the  Timber  Culture  Act. 

William- R.  Wheaton,  Register  of  the  United 
States  Land  Office  in  this  city  has  written  a  let- 
ter, giving  information  relating  to  the  timber 
culture  act  of  Congress,  which  we  reproduce  as 
follows:  The  timber  culture  act  applies  to  Cal- 
ifornia, and  an  applicant  under  said  act  is 
obliged  to  swear  "that  the  section  of  land  spec- 
ified in  his  application  is  composed  exclusively 
of  prairie  lands,  or  other  lands  devoid  of  tim- 
ber; that  his  filing  and  entry  is  made  for  the 
cultivation  of  timber,  and  for  his  own  exclusive 
use  and  benefit;  that  he  makes  the  application 
in  good  faith,  and  not  for  the  purpose  of  specu- 
lation, or  directly  or  indirectly  for  the  use  or 
benefit  of  any  other  person  or  persons;  that  he 
intends  to  hold  and  cultivate  the  land,  and  to 
fuUy   comply  with  the  provisions  of  this   act." 

The  ratio  of  area  required  to  be  broken,  plant- 
ed, etc.,  is  one-sixteenth  of  the  land  embraced 
in  the  entry.  The  party  making  an  entry  of 
160  is  required  to  break  or  plow  five  acres  dur- 
ing the  first  year,  and  five  acres  in  addition  the 
second  year.  The  five  acres  broken  or  plowed 
the  first  year  he  is  required  to  cultivate  by  rais- 
ing a  crop  or  otherwise  during  the  second  year, 
and  to  plant  in  timber,  seeds  or  cuttings  during 
the  third  year.  The  five  acres  broken  or  plowed 
during  the  second  year  he  is  required  to  culti- 
vate by  raising  a  crop  or  otherwise  during  the 
third  year,  and  to  plant  in  timber  seeds  or  cut- 
tings during  the  fourth  year.  For  less  than  160 
acres,  the  plowing,  cultivation  and  planting  is 
to  be  in  proportion.  .On  final  proof,  it  must  be 
shown  "that  not  less  than  2,700  trees  were 
planted  on  each  acre,  and  that  at  the  time  of 
making  such  proof  there  shall  be  growing  at 
least  695  living  and  thrifty  trees  to  each  acre." 

IE  at  any  time  after  one  year  from  the  date  of 
entry,  and  prior  to  the  issue  of  a  patent  there- 
for, the  claimant  Bhall  fail  to'  comply  with  any 
of  the  requirements  of  said  act,  then,  and  in  that 
event,  Buch  entry  wiU  become  liable  to  a  con- 
test in  the  manner  provided  in  homestead  cases, 
and  upon  due  proof  of  such  failure  the  entry 
will  be  canceled,  and  the  land  again  become 
subject  to  entry  by  some  other  person.  The 
fees  on  entry  are  $14. 

Provision  is  made  in  the  act  for  an  extension 
in  case  the  trees,  seeds  or  cuttings  planted 
should  be  destroyed  by  grasshoppers  or  by  ex- 
treme and  unusual  drouth. 


Lumber  and  Lime.— The  great  sawmills  on 
Puget  sound  seem  to  be  running  this  spring 
nearly  to  their  full  capacity,  promising  a  large 
out-turn  of  lumber  before  the  season  is  over. 
Lime  burning  is  also  active  just  now  and  likely 
to  grow  into  a  large  and  flourishing  business  on 
the  sound.  The  loins  are  in  process  of  burning; 
two  on  San  Juan  and  one  on  Orcas  island. 
From  one  of  the  San  Juan  kilns  there  have  al- 
ready been  shipped  this  spring  over  5,000  bar- 
rels of  lime,  it  being  calculated  that  the  season's 
shipments  from  this  kiln  wiU  exceed  30,000 
barrels. 


May  31,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


ECHANICAL     'PROGRESS 


Wood  for  Clock  Pendulums. 

An  interacting  discussion  recently  took  place 
at  a  meeting  of  London  cluck-makers  on  cum- 
penBation  pendulums.  The  general  judgment 
seemed  to  be  in  favor  of  plain  wooden  pendu- 
lums for  all  sorts  of  timepieces.  One  speaker 
said  that  wooden  pendulum  rods  were  geuerally 
in  use  for  turret  and  church  clocks,  and  also  in 
regulators.  Another  concurred  in  that  state- 
ment, and  he  thought  that  if  wooden  pendu- 
lums were  good  for  church  clocks,  they  might 
UBefully  be  adopted  for  bracket  clucks.  He  had 
accordingly  altered  a  very  old  family  clock  of 
that  description,  and  of  the  best  London  make, 
by  substituting  a  wooden  for  a  brass  pendulum, 
with  very  decided  advantage.  It  might  possibly 
be  worth  while  to  make  a  similar  alteration 
geuerally;  brass,  being  a  cheaper  and  prettier 
material,  having  probably  been  used  by  the 
makers  of  bracket  clocks  without  consideration. 
A  third  maker  never  used  anything  but  wood 
when  he  could  help  it  for  railway,  church  or 
turret  clocks.  Another  speaker  considered  that 
one  of  the  advantages  in  the  use  of  wood  for 
pendulums  might  be  that,  in  a  fall  of  tempera- 
ture, when  the  rod  would  be  shortened,  the  hy- 
groscopic property  of  the  wood  would  come  into 
play,  which  would  tend  to  lengthen  it,  and  so 
cause  a  natural  compensation  by  the  thcrmo- 
metric  and  hygroscopic  properties  of  the  wood 
acting  in  opposite  directions.  In  some  climates 
that  certainly  might  be  the  case,  though  in 
others  they  would  work  together,  when  the 
effect  would  be  to  increase  the  error.  It  was 
stated  that  a  wooden  pendulum  with  a  leaden 
bob  had  been  fixed  to  a  regulator  clock  in  one 
of  the  leading  shops,  and  was  keeping  excel- 
lent time.  It  was  a  very  simple  form  of  pen- 
dulum, and  might  be  made  very  economicaUy. 
Further  testimony  was  borne  to  that  form  of 
pendulum.  Dr.  Mann  had  used  one  in  Natal, 
which  was  simply  a  rod  of  varnished  wood  sup- 
porting a  cylindrical  bob  of  lead.  It  was,  of 
course,  subjected  there  to  great  and  rapid 
changes  intneatmosphericpressure  and  to  diver- 
sities of  heat,  but  it  worked  excellently  for  many 
years.  Subsequently  it  was  replaced  by  one  of 
i'ordsham's  best  steel  pendulums,  and  though 
there  was  some  improvement,  it  was  much 
Blighter  than  might  have  been  expected.  In 
short,  it  was  about  as  good  a  pendulum  as  could 
be  conceived. 

Elevated  Railways  on  a  New  Plan. 

According  to  the  Chicago  Commercial  Adver- 
tiser, a  plan  is  on  foot  in  that  city  for  the  con- 
struction of  an  elevated  railroad  on  a  greatly 
improved  plan.  Its  advantages  over  other  sys- 
tems are  stated  to  be  very  great.  In  the  first 
place,  it  is  perfectly  noiseless;  the  rattle  and 
roar  caused  by  the  usual  vibrations  and  echo 
produced  by  the  running  of  trains  to  and  from 
stations  is  obviated.  Thus  the  inventor  (a  Mr. 
Patterson)  has  solved  the  problem  which  Mr. 
Edison  was  working  out  a  year  ago.  It  is  im- 
possible for  the  train  to  jump  the  track,  no  mat- 
ter what  the  rate  of  speed  may  be,  thereby  in- 
suring safety  to  passengers  and  the  public  un- 
derneath. The  trucks  and  underwork  of  the 
car  are  out  of  sight,  being  inclosed  by  ornamen- 
tal ironwork  the  entire  length  of  the  road.  The 
Bteam  brakes  employed  are  inclosed,  and  dis- 
agreeable noise  by  the  exhaust  is  avoided.  The 
steam  from  the  engine  is  exhausted  under  a 
casement  and  condensed,  is  not  seen  or  heard, 
and  is  noiseless.  It  is  also  claimed  by  Mr.  Pat- 
terson that  the  many  objections  caused  by 
darkness  of  stories  and  streets  is  overcome.  It 
does  not  cast  a  shadow  as  mur;h  as  an  ordinary 
awning.  It  is  said  also  that  the  road  can  be 
built  much  cheaper  than  any  now  in  use,  is 
more  substantial,  less  objectionable  to  property 
owners,  and  does  not  occupy  more  space  on  the 
pavement  than  an  ordinary  telegraph  pole,  and 
so  arranged  as  to  carry  the  telegraph  wires, 
thereby  doing  away  with  the  poles. 


Track-Laying  by  Macninery. 

The  use  of  labor-saving  machinery  in  various 
departments  of  railway  construction  has  become 
very  general,  but  hitherto   it   has  not  been  ap- 

Slied  directly  to  the  work  of  track-laying  A 
evice  called  Moore,  Coventry  ft  CoTe  track* 
layer  is  now  offered  to  the  railway  public,  and 
has  already  been  successfully  used  on  the  Cen- 
tral Pacific,  Illinois  OentnU,  Chicago  &  Alton, 
and  other  roads.  It  consists  of  the  application 
of  a  system  of  adjustable  ways,  on  each  side  of 
a  train  of  Hat  cars,  by  means  of  which  the  rails 
are  brought  forward  on  one  side  and  the  ties  on 
the  other,  in  a  continuous  Btream,  and  delivered 
to  the  trackmen  on  the  exact  part  of  the  road 
bed  where  they  are  to  be  laid,  by  this  ingeni- 
ous method  the  use  of  teams  for  hauling  the 
iron  and  the  ties  is  entirely  dispensed  with, 
thus  doing  away  with  a  considerable  portion  of 
the  expense  of  the  ordinary  method,  as  well  as 
with  the  injury  to  the  road  bed  by  driving 
upon  it.  Moreover  track  can  be  laid  in  this 
way  where  the  nature  of  the  country  would 
prevent  the  use  of  teams.  It  is  claimed  that  by 
this  device  from  25%  to  o0%  more  track  can  be 
laid  per  day  than  without  it,  besides  the  fact 
that  it  dispenses  with  all  the  teams  and  with 
one-third  the  number  of  men  usually  employed. 
— Railway  Age. 

The  intimation  of  the  Age  that  track-laying 
by  machinery  has  never  hitherto  been  attempt- 
ed, is  erroneous.  A  machine — a  California  in- 
vention— for  that  purpose  was  given  a  practical 
trial  in  this  city  some  10  or  \'2  years  ago,  aud 
if  we  mistake  not  was  employed  for  a  short 
time  in  the  construction  of  the  Central  Pacific 
railroad. 

Cppro-Manganese. — A.  Raht,  in  a  late  com" 
munication  to  the  American  Chemical  Society 
says  that  as  early  as  1SG9,  several  French  chem" 
ists  pointed  out  that  an  admixture  of  manganese 
to  copper,  bronze  and  brass,  tends  to  increase 
their  hardness,  elasticity  and  toughness.  Since 
then,  it  appears  that  some  parties  in  France 
have  manufactured  a  compound  styled  "cupro- 
manganese,"  as  a  convenient  form  for  aUoying. 
Some  cu  pro -manganese  was  imported  from 
France  into  this  country  about  a  year  ago.  Ex- 
periments have  been  made  with  it  by  large  brass 
and  bronze  manufacturers.  All  these  gave, 
however,  negative  results;  the  metal  proving 
more  apt  to  tear  and  crack  under  the  rolls  and 
punching  machines  after  an  addition  of  this 
cupro-manganese.  No  matter  how  much  the  in- 
ferior European  copper  may  be  improved  by  an 
admixture  of  manganese,  one  can  hardly  expect 
the  same  action  on  the  superior  quality  of  Lake 
Superior  copper.  However  this  may  be,  it  is 
evident  that  even  inferior  copper  could  not  be 
improved  by  the  addition  of  a  metal  with  such 
impurities,  as  shown  by  the  following  analysis 
of  the  imported  French  cupro-manganese.  It 
contains  besides  copper:  Manganese,  16.86%; 
iron,  0.91;  tungsten,  0.20;  arsenic,  0.19;  zinc, 
0.1S;  lead,  0.14;  nickel  and  cobalt,  0.05%;  bis- 
muth, trace;  antimony,  trace;  phosphorus, 
trace. 


Adhesion  ok  Mortar. — In  building  the  Pont 
de  Claix,  some  experimental  blocks  were  joined 
by  mortar  which  was  allowed  to  harden  for 
three  years,  when  the  mortar  was  broken  by  an 
average  load  of  142.228  pounds  per  square  inch. 
This  experiment  seems  to  show  that  the  adhe- 
sion of  mortar  to  stone  is  only  about  one-third 
as  great  as  the  cohesion  of  the  mortar  itself. 
The  result  is  noteworthy,  as  this  adhesion  is 
the  true  measure  of  the  resistance  of  masonry. 
Further  experiments  of  a  similar  kind  are  de- 
sirable, in  order  to  establish  formal  conclusions. 


Bessemer  Steel  Inkstands. — With  the  view 
of  showing  how  Bessemer  steel  can  be  adapted 
to  various  purposes,  Messrs.  Brown,  Bayley  & 
Dixon,  of  the  Sheffield  Steel  and  Iron  Works, 
have,  by  way  of  curiosity,  turned  out  a  number 
of  inkstands  manufactured  from  rail  ends. 
Each  of  these  inkstands  is  made  from  a  piece 
of  the  firm's  ordinary  Bessemer  steel  rails,  and 
is  without  any  weld,  the  holder  for  the  ink  bot- 
tles, etc.,  being  drawn  out  of  the  head,  and  the 
pen-rack  forged  from  the  flange.  The  inkstands 
are  not  intended  for  sale,  not  being  sufficiently 
Ornamented  for  that  purpose. 

Increase  in  the  Demand  for  Bessemer 
Steel. — Fourteen  years  ago  there  was  only  (one 
Bessemer  steel  establishment  in  the  country. 
Now  there  are  eleven,  with  an  annual  produc- 
tion of  more  than  500,000  tons. 


New  Dummy  Car. — There  has  recently  been 
completed  and  turned  out  at  the  railroad  shops 
in  Sacramento  says  the  Bee,  a  new  dummy  car, 
in  which  the  locomotive,  mail,  baggage  and 
passenger  compartments  are  combined.  The 
car  wiU  be  used  on  the  Northern  railway  and 
will  run  between  Woodland  and  Williams.  It 
is  of  very  neat  and  compact  design,  as  orna- 
mental in  appearance  as  an  ordinary  passenger 
coach  and  will  do  away  with  the  use  of  an 
engine  and  numerous  cars  which  have  hereto- 
fore had  to  be  run  between  those  places.  The 
total  length  of  the  car  is  61  feet,  including  the 
platforms.  In  front  is  a  small  engine  with  a 
7x14  inch  cylinder,  two  drivers,  each  42  inches 
in  diameter,  and  a  coal  box.  Next  to  this  is  an 
apartment  for  the  baggage  and  mail  and  then 
comes  the  section  to  be  used  by  the  passengers. 
Thirty  persons  can  be  comfortably  seated  in 
this  apartment.  Underneath  the  baggage  com- 
partment is  the  water  tank  and  the  car  is  pro- 
vided with  the  Westinghouse  air  brakes.  The 
work  inside  and  out  has  been  finely  finished 
and  presents  a  very  neat  appearance. 

Life-Time  of  a  Locomotive. — The  iron  horse 
does  not  last  much  longer  than  the  horse  of  flesh 
and  bones.  The  ordinary  life  of  a  locomotive  is 
30  years.  Some  of  the  smaller  parts  require 
renewal  every  six  months ;  the  boiler  tubes  last 
five  years,  and  the  crank  axles  six  years  ;  tires, 
boilers  and  fire-boxes  from  six  to  Beven  years ; 
the  side  frames,  axles,  and  other  parts,  30  years. 
An  important  advantage  is  that  a  broken  part 
can  be  repaired,  and  does  not  condemn  the 
whole  locomotive  to  the  junk-shop;  while  when 
a  horse  breaks  a  leg  the  whole  animal  is  only 
worth  the  flesh,  fat  and  bones,  which  amounts 
to  a  very  small  sum  in  this  country  where  horse 
flesh  does  not  find  its  way  to  the  butcher's 
shambles. 

Bessemer  Steel  for  Cutlery.  —  The  Shef- 
field correspondent  of  the  Engineer  states  that 
efforts  are  being  made  in  the  Bessemer  trade  to 
bring  out  special  makes  of  Bessemer  steel  for 
cutlery  purposes.  These  makes  are  now  varied 
to  any  given  temper.  Up  to  this  time  the 
greatest  obstacle  in  using  Bessemer  for  cutlery 
purposes  has  been  the  variations  of  temper- 
each  rod  almost  varying  so  as  to  cause  great  dif- 
ficulty in  the  hardening.  This  difficulty  has 
been  overcome  by  the  making  of  specialties, 
which  are  offered  for  even  less  than  what  is 
charged  for  rail  ends,  $26  in  ingots,  as  against 
$45  for  "cast."  It  is  said  that  the  Bessemer  at 
$26  is  considered  equal  to  the  "cast"  at  $60. 


The  World's  Age. 

Much  speculation  and  research  has  been  de- 
voted, during  the  last  half  century,  to  devise 
some  reliable  means  for  measuring,  approxi- 
mately, the  geological  periods,  in  order  to  arrive 
at  some  satisfactory  idea  of  the  age  of  the  earth. 
"The  Age  of  the  World"  formed  the  subject  of 
a  very  interesting  and  carefully  prepared  paper 
recently  contributed  to  the  Koyal  Society,  of 
Loudon,  by  Mr.  T.  Mcllard  Reade,  in  which  he 
assigns  to  our  earth  a  period  of  existence  greatly 
in  excess  of  the  limits  generally  assigned  by 
physicists.  Basing  his  estimates  upon  the  ob- 
served rate  of  growth  of  calcareous  and  other 
sedimentary  formations,  the  materials  for  which 
are  primarily  furnished  by  the  disintegration  of 
granitic,  basaltic,  and  other  crystalline  rocks, 
he  draws  the  startling  inference  that  the  elimin- 
ation of  the  sedimentary  strata  must  have  de- 
manded (as  a  minimum)  at  least  600,000,000 
years.  This  period  he  divides  as  follows:  200,- 
000,000  years  for  the  formation  of  the  Laureu- 
tian,  Cambrian,  and  Silurian  deposits;  200,- 
000,000  for  the  Devonian,  Carboniferous,  and 
Poikilitic  systems  ;  and  an  equal  period  for  the 
elaboration  of  all  the  other  overlying  rocks. 
These  estimates  do  not  differ  greatly  from  those 
of  Buckner. 

Commenting  upon  the  above,  the  Scientific 
American  says:  Limestones  have  been  in  course 
of  formation  from  the  earliest  known  geological 
periods,  but  it  would  appear  that  the  later 
formed  strata  are  more  calcareous  than  the 
earlier,  and  that  there  has,  in  fact,  been  a 
gradually  progressive  increase  of  calcareous 
matter.  The  very  extensive  deposition  of  car- 
bonate of  lime  over  wide  areas  of  the  ocean 
bottom  at  the  present  day  is  sufficiently  attested 
by  the  recent  soundings  of  the  Challenger.  Ac- 
cording to  Mr.  Keade's  estimate,  the'sedimentary 
crust  of  the  earth  is  at  least  one  mile  in  average 
actual  thickness,  of  which  probably  one  tenth 
consists  of  calcareous  matter.  In  seeking  the 
origin  of  this  calcareous  matter,  it  is  assumed 
that  the  primitive  rocks  ot  the  original  crust 
were  of  the  nature  of  granitic  or  basaltic  rocks. 
By  the  disintegration  of  such  rocks,  calcareous 
and  other  sedimentary  deposits  have  been 
formed.  The  amount  of  lime  salts  in  water 
which  drain  districts  made  of  granites  and 
basalts  is  found,  by  a  comparison  of  analysis,  to 
be  on  an  average  about  3.73  parts  in  100,000 
parts  of  water.  It  is  further  assumed  that  the 
exposed  areas  of  igneous  rocks,  taking  an 
average  throughout  all  geological  time,  will 
bear  to  the  exposures  of  sedimentary  rocks  a 
ratio  of  about  one  to  nine.  *  *  *  Mr. 
Reade  is  led  to  believe  that  geological  time  has 
been  enormously  in  excess  of  the  limits  urged 
by  certain  physicists;  and  that  it  has  been 
ample  to  allow  for  all  the  changes  which,  on  the 
hypothesis  of  evolution,  have  occurred  in  the 
organic  world. 

Prof.  Tyndall  on  the  Electric  Light. — 
Prof.  Tyndall,  who  was  recently  examined 
before  the  Parliamentary  Select  Committee,  gave 
a  brief  history  of  the  discovery  of  electricity  for 
lighting  purposes,  illustrating  his  description  by  a 
series  of  experiments.  Volta's  discovery  he  said, 
had  the  power  of  producing  heat  and  light,  and 
if  bis  conception  was  correct  it  would  have  been 
tantamount  to  the  introduction  of  perpetual 
motion.  The  voltaic  battery,  however,  was 
not  an  economical  mode  of  producing  electricity. 
In  1820  a  Dane  named  Orsted  found  that  a  mag- 
nified needle  was  affected  by  the  proximity  of 
the  electric  current,  proving  the  analogy  exist- 
ing between  electricity  and  magnetism.  Prof. 
Faraday  had  also  for  many  yeaie  devoted  his 
attention  to  the  subject,  with  the  result  of  dis- 
covering a  new  magnetic  electricity.  In  the 
opinion  of  the  witness  very  extensive  improve- 
ments in  the  electric  light  must  be  regarded  as 
inevitable,  and  seeing  what  had  been  done  by 
Mr.  Edison  there  was  reason  to  believe  that 
many  of  the  existing  difficulties  would  event- 
ually be  removed.  He  was  afraid  that  as  re- 
garded public  illumination,  platinum  would  be 
found  too  expensive  for  general  use;  nor  was  he 
of  opinion  that  the  electric  light  would- ,  drive 
gas  out  of  the  field,  there  being  so  many  uses 
for  the  latter. 


The  Nobility  of  Science. — And  as  to  noble- 
ness of  character,  how  can  one  accuse  Bcience  of 
striking  at  it  when  he  sees  the  minds  that 
science  forms,  the  unselfishness,  the  absolute 
devotion  to  life  work  that  she  inspires  and  sus- 
tains ?  With  the  saints,  the  heroes,  the  great 
men  of  all  ages  we  may  fearlessly  compare  our 
men  of  scientific  minds,  given  solely  to  the 
research  of  truth,  indifferent  to  fortune,  often 
proud  of  their  poverty,  smiling  at  the  honors 
they  are  offered,  as  careless  of  flattery  as  of 
obloquy,  sure  of  the  worth  of  that  they  are 
doing,  and  happy  because  they  possess  truth. 
Great,  I  grant  it,  are  the  joys  which  a  firm  be- 
lief in  things  divine  confers,  but  these  the 
inward  happiness  of  the  wise  equals,  for  he  feels 
that  he  toils  at  an  eternal  work  and  belongs  to 
the  company  of  those  of  whom  it  is  said,  "Their 
works  do  follow  them." — Kenan's  Inaugural 
Address. 


An  American  Astronomer  Honored. — Prof. 
Lewis  Swift,  of  Rochester,  has  been  elected  a 
Fellow  of  the  Royal  Astronomical  Society  of 
England,  as  a  token  of  appreciation  of  his  astro- 
nomical discoveries. 


The  services  the  spectroscope  is  capable  of 
rendering  to  Bcience. become  more  and  more 
evident  daily,  the  latest  proof  of  the  fact  being 
the  discovery  of  a  new  metal  called  scandium. 
In  some  of  the  mines  in  Sweden  and  Norway  small 
quantities  of  earthy  minerals  are  found,  called 
gadolinite  and  euxenite,  composed  of  oxides  of 
very  rare  metals.  The  bulk  of  the  substance  is 
of  a  rose-color,  arising  from  the  presence  of 
erbium,  and  is  called  urbine.  At  first  it  was 
supposed  to  be  simply  mixed  with  some  earthy 
substauces  which  rendered  it  impure,  but  not 
long  ago  M.  Marignao  discovered  the  presence 
of  another  metallic  substance,  which  he  called 
ytterbine,  the  oxide  of  ytterbium.  However, 
great  uncertainty  existed  as  to  the  composition 
of  these  bodies,  and  M.  Nilson  undertook  a 
scries  of  experiments  on  the  subject.  M.  Ber- 
thelot,  at  the  late  meeting  of  the  Academy  of 
Sciences,  gave  an  account  of  what  had  been 
done  so  far,  the  result  being  the  discovery  of  a 
new  metal  to  which  M.  Nilson  has  given  the 
name  of  scandium,  to  indicate  that  it  is  of 
Scandinavian  origin.  Erbiue  is,  as  before 
mentioned,  of  a  brilliant  rose-color,  while  ytter- 
bine is  white.  But  the  separation  of  the  two 
substances  can  only  be  effected  with  extreme 
difficulty.  The  earth  has  to  be  dissolved  in 
boiling  nitric  acid,  and  the  ytterbine  then  pre- 
cipitated by  Bulphuric  acid;  and  M.  Nilson 
found  that  the  operation  repeated  more  than  20 
times  did  not  completely  separate  the  two 
bodies.  When  he  had  obtained  a  comparatively 
pure  ytterbine  he  commenced  an  examination 
of  it,  and  then  he  found  that  it  gave  absorption 
bands  in  the  spectrum  unknown  to  any  sub- 
stance previously  examined.  After  repeated 
trials  he  became  convinced  that  he  was  dealing 
with  a  metal  never  before  suspected,  and  he 
continued  his  researches.  He  is  unable  to  say 
at  present  what  may  be  the  chemical  properties 
of  the  new  body,  as  the  quantity  of  material  at 
hia  disposal  was  insufficient  to  allow  him  to 
isolate  the  metal.  Nor  can  he  decide  as  yet 
the  place  the  new  metal  is  to  take  among  the 
older  ones,  but  he  considers  that  its  properties 
differ  materially  from  those  of  erbium  and  ytter- 
bium, and  that  it  should  rank  between  tin  and 
thorium,  as  the  atomic  weights  of  these  two  are 
US  and  234,  while  he  calculates  that  of  scan- 
dium at  from  160  to  180. — QaUgnanis  Messenger. 

Telephone  Exchanges. — The  system  of 
"Telephone  Exchanges,"  one  of  the  most  useful 
and  practical  outgrowths  of  the  introduction  of 
the  telephone,  appears  to  be  coming  into  very 
general  use,  and  to  serve  an  admirable  purpose. 
At  first  the  telephone  was  limited  to  short, 
private  lines,  each  operated  separately  and  in- 
dependently. By  the  new  system,  however,  a 
field  has  been  opened  for  it  of  practically  un- 
limited extent,  and  greatly  increased  utility. 
As  some  of  our  readers  may  not  be  aware  of  the 
features  of  this  recent  development  of  the  tele- 
phone, we  may  state  that  it  consists  in  the 
establishment  of  a  central  office,  from  which 
wireB  run  out  into  the  offices,  stores,  mills,  resi- 
dences, etc.,  of  the  members  or  subscribers. 
When  one  member  desires  to  talk  with 
another,  the  central  office  is  notified  of  the 
fact,  his  wire  is  connected  with  that  of  his 
neighbor,  and  communication  is  established. 
By  this  arrangement,  it  is  obvious  that  each 
subscriber  can  be  put  in  direct  communication 
with  all  the  others,  and  the  pronounced  advant- 
ages of  the  plan  will  be  obvious  to  all  our 
readers.  The  Journal  of  the  Telegraph  com- 
ments with  satisfaction  on  this  new  feature  of 
the  device,  noticing  among  other  things  that  the 
demand  for  the  introduction  of  telephone  ex- 
changes, even  in  small  places,  is  very  urgent, 
and  is  constantly  increasing  as  their  advantages 
become  known,  and  believes  that  they  will 
eventually  be  found  in  every  place  of  sufficient 
importance  to  require  them. — Engineering  and 
Mining  Journal. 

The  Constitution  of  Meteors. — The  Paris 
Academy,  says  Nature,  has  just  awarded  the 
Lalande  medal  to  M.  Stanislas  Meunier  for  his 
researches  into  the  constitution  of  meteors.  M. 
Daubree  had  already  shown  that  there  existed 
a  close  connection  between  these  falling  bodies 
and  the  lower  Btrata  of  our  own  globe.  M. 
Meunier  has  carried  the  same  line  of  research 
further,  and  proved  that  this  analogy  is  not  con- 
fined alone  to  mineralogical  constitution,  but 
that  it  extends  to  the  relations  which  these  cos- 
mical  materials,  disseminated  in  space,  present 
when  compared  amongst  themselves.  The 
academy  considered  that  M.  Meunier  had  rea- 
son to  conclude  from  his  experiences  that  all  the 
masses  once  belonged  to  a  considerable  globe, 
like  this  earth,  of  true  geological',  epochs,  and 
that  later  it  was  decomposed  into  separate  frag- 
ments, under  the  action  of  causes  difficult  to 
define  exactly,  but  which  have  more  than  once 
been  seen  in  operation  in  the  sky  itself.  Such 
a  conclusion,  it  is  remarked,  adds  greatly  to 
the  interest  attaching  to  these  "minute  stars." 
The  astronomer,  once  occupied  only  with  their 
motions  and  their  probable  distribution  in 
space,  finds  himself  confronted  with  a  sideral 
geology,  as  he  already  was  under  the  necessity 
of  having  regard  to  celestial  physics,  celestial 
chemistry  and  celestial  mineralogy. 

DEw, — The  commonly-accepted  theory  that 
the  phenomenon  of  dew  is  produced  by  the 
condensation  of  the  moisture  of  the  air  by  con- 
tact with  surfaces  of  a  lower  temperature,  is 
rejected  by  Prof.  Stockbridge,  of  the  Mass- 
achusetts  Agricultural  College,  who  defines  it 
to  be  the  vapor  of  the-  soil  condensed  by  the 
cooler  air. 


348 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


(May  31,  1879. 


Table  of  Highest  and  Lowest  Sales  in 
S.  F.  Stock  Exchange. 


Name  of 
Company. 

Week 
Ending 

May  8. 

Week 
Eiidins 
May  15. 

1  Week  |  Week 
finding  Ending 
May  sa.May  2!». 

Al  ha 

19 
40c 
"'ii 

1 

6i 
40c 
17 

1.3 

35c 

98 

4.35 

12i 

2.15 
1.10 
50c 
1.95 

2} 

6} 

15 

1.40 

5J 

20c 

50c 
18 
51 

3.45 
10c 

13J 
25c 

9} 
125 

2S 
30c 

15c 

2J 

3.90 

3.80 

61 

4.60 

70c 
1.20 
H 
75c 
75c 

2.55 
6 

1 

37J 

Hi 

70c 
71 

20c 

381 

9i 

45c 
3.90 

31 

55c 

ii* 

25 

52J 

1.30 

8 

40c 
2 
2.30 
25c 
50c 
15c 
50c 

2.30 

80c 
5c 
74} 
16 

iiis 

10c 
25c 

165 

17 
5 
25c 

i'.iii 

80c 

a 

"i-il 

4! 

90c 

"si 

Si 

Hi 

2 

75c 
45c 

6 

11 

1.20 

6! 

3.95 

10c 

40c 
171 
4.95 

3.30 

10 
"7f 

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2.15 
25c 

"21 
3 
3 

6J 

4 

50c 
1 
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60c 
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2i 
53 
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31 

9 

55c 
7 

311 
7 

40c 
3.30 

3 

3 

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H 

1.95 
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2 
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'85c 
5c 

13; 

17       14 
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25c     20c 

"ii  ilio 
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40c     30c 
141      12] 
4.30       3) 
1       60c 
40c     30c 
93       9} 
4.40    3.40 
12       10! 

1.90       11 
75c      55c 
30c     20c 
'2      1.20 
71       6j 
21       2 
5!    4.70 
122       9 
1}    1.05 
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4.40    3.60 

15c      10c 

55c     40c 
163      16 
4;    3.65 
20c      15c 

35    3.20 
10c    .... 

14       13 
25c    .... 
81       61 

125    10 

2.15       13 
85c     £5c 

20c    .... 

3.10    2.80 

3.40       3! 

31       2j 

6      .... 

4     3.60 

55c      40c 
1.35       1 
1.40    1.15 
60c     50c 
70c    .... 

21       2 

23 

3; 
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OO 

'20c 
1 
6 

40c 
19! 

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60c 
171 
5 
Hi 

1.S0 

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1.65 

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18 
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14 

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101 
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6 

5 
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70c 

1.45 
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21 

18  1  231      211 

7i:  4    n 

Alps.. 

Atlantic 

25c 
'70c 

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5 

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1 

35c 
12 
4.35 
10i 

1.60 

75c 
35c 
2 

2.60 
61 
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1.40 

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171 
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13 

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2"  CO 

3.60 
3.15 

4 

50c 
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55c 
60c 

2.31 
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34 

91 
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61 

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351 

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"ii  '96c 
"36c   '26c 

"6J     "oj 

45c     40c 

$     it 

2.70    1.61 

1       65c 

43       211 

51    4.55 

131      H 

23    1.60 
2i      90c 

1       30c 

3         21 

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16       13J 

1.70    1.45 

7         51 

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45c     25c 

18       17 

81       71 
25c    .... 

3.40    3.10 
20c      15c 

15       13 

80c      50c 

Gould  &  Curry 

Hale  &  Norcross 

12S       91 
18       14) 
2     1.90 

Highbridge 

3      2.80 
4}    3.70 

6         51 

5J       41 

80c     65c 
1.40       11 

75c      70c 

2.40       2} 

6S    .... 
1.80       1 

43       40 

ios    io 

65c     60c 
63       6 

25c      15c 

40       37 
95c      60c 
llj       83 

31    .... 

1       25c 
51    4.60 

4]       3 

80c     60c 
32       27 

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60c      40c 
71       63 

20c      i6c 

361      311 
50c    .... 
8         61 

45c     40c 
31       2 

3      2.60 
30c     25c 

1 

373 

101 

70c 
7 

20c 

42 
90c 
10 

85c 
4.90 

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60c 

North  Con  Virginia. 

Northern  Belle .... 

Raymond  &  Ely.... 

iij      81 

23       22 
45        40 
2     1.30 
8      .... 

50c     20c 
2         1 
2.55       2 
25c    .... 
40c     35c 

45c     40c 

23    2.55 
2.35    2.10 
80c     75c 
25c       5c 
69       53 
131      HI 

iiis   '56c 

20c.  '.'.'.'. 
iil      13 

131 

27 
50.', 
2j 
81 

55c 
2 

4.10 
15c 
50c 

50c 
30c 
3} 

3.30 
S5c 
30c 
77 
19i 

1.30 
5c 

19 

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26 

441 

2.05 

81 

20c 

H 

2.60 

35c 

2!  90 
2.59 
75c 
20c 
681 
14" 
.... 

15! 

17       121 

54'     '47' 
21       2 

50c    '.'.'.'. 
90c     25c 

3  lj 
3.85       2j 

15c       5c 
50c     35c 

50c      35c 

"4i  "31 

4  2.20 
80c      70c 
35c     25c 
90       80 
32       181 

i!io  i!io 

25c    '.'.'.'. 

21J      171 

South  Standard 

Star 

Utah 

Vermont  Con 

Ward 

Wells-Fargo 

White  Cloud 

Sales  at  S.  F.  Stock  Exchange. 


Friday  A.  M.,  May  83. 

120  Alpha 22@21i 

100  Andes 40c 

235  Alta 8(372 

90  Belcher 5; 

465  Best  &  Belcher...  19J(£19i 

1930  Bullion 63@7 

545  Benton 4.70 

100  C  Dorado 2£<31.90 

350  California ~" 

765  Con  Virginia 

100  Chollar T...7 

450  Crown  Point 5@5J 

1110  Con  Imperial.  .1.60(31.55 

35  Confidence U&@L4j| 

100  Caledonia 2.35 

650  Challenge 2.90@2. 

1065  Exchequer 

1850  Flowery 1.05@1 

355  Gould  &  Curry. .  .10g@10* 

400  Green 80c 

125  Hale  &  Nor 15 

390  Justice 31(333 

530  Julia 3.90(5-4 

100  Kentuck tZ" 

405  Lady  Bryan 65@70c 

300  Leviathan 75@70c 

200  Lady  Wash 1.40 

140  Mount  View 3J@4 

760  Mexican 40@40J 

550  Mackey 2.20@2.35 

855  NBonanza 2@1.80 

250  New  York 65c 

580  North  Con  Vir. .  ,101@10a 

950  Ophir 38(0)37/ 

85  Overman 93@9l 

-  265  Phil  Sheridan Sdo  Uh 

275  Potosi 4.80(s4.S5 

100  Plutus 1 

135  Savage 131@13 

300  Senator 15c 

450  Sierra  Nevada 50@491 

760  Silver  Hill 2.40@2j 

820  Scorpion 3.85@3.65 

490  Succor 30@25c 

100  Santiago 10c 

860  Solid  Silver 10(315c 


125  Trojan 25(330c 

600  Union  Con 81(380 

195  Utah 19@19i 

730  Ward li@1.30 

270  Yellow  Jacket. ..18J@181 

AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

1940  Argenta 90c@l 

300  Albion 30@25c 

200  Aurora  T 25c 

300  Belmont 40c 

2500  Belle  Isle 70@75o 

500  Becbtel 12@1.60 

455  Black  Hawk 1? 

30  Bulwer lli@ll 

660  Belvidere 90c(31 

520  Bodie... 2SA@ill 

600  Booker 40<£45c 

100  Champion. 25c 

425  C  Pacific 3.90@4 

300  Caledonia  (B  H) A 

400  Croesus 10c 

350  Day 55@50c 

100  Dudley 55c 

400  Endowment 25c 

1  Eureka  Con 18 

55  Grand  Prize 3.10 

150  Gila 20c 

175  Goodshaw 50e 

500  Giant  &0  A 7 

300  Hillside..... 2 

190  Huasey 10c 

810  Independence 2.95(33 

550  Jupiter 45@40c 

800  Leopard 1 

50  Leeds 80c 

100  Manhattan 2.30 

470  McClinton 1@1.10 

610  Mono 5J@5J 

100  Martin  White 6j 

100  Northern  Belle.... 6J@6i 

100  Navajo 15c 

225  Noonday 2 

1100  Oriental 95@85c 

435  Raymonds  Ely 3 

400  Summit 13(551.80 

1000  S  Bodie 35@40c 

200  Syndicate 3J@3J 


150  SBulwer , 

200  Tuscarora 10c 

100  Tiptop 70c 

475  Tioga  Con 2£@2,90 

3600  University 50@45c 

1100  Vortex. 70@80c 

Saturday  A.  91.,  May  24. 

230  Alta 7i<371 

130  Alpha 22 

620  Andes 40c 

1020  Argenta 

150  Albion 30c 

420  Best  &  Belcher. .  .183 

245  Belcher 5j 

855  Bullion 6: 

535  Benton 4.6(  _ 

2325  Belle  Isle 75@70c 

825  Bodie 23J@23f, 

920  Bechtel 1.80@1.7i 

140  Black  Hawk 1.70 

20  Bulwer 11$ 

1745  Belvidere 1.05@90c 

450  Booker 30©>40c 

300  California 

405  Challenge 2|_ 

990  Con  Virginia 5£@53 

440  Caledonia 2.40(32.30 

1555  Con  Imperial.,  ,.1£@1. 45 

50  Confidence 131 

180  Chollar 

280  Crown  Point 

1500  Con  Dorado 2.10@2j 

775  Champion. .'25c 

1100  O  Pacific 

220  Caledonia  (B  H) 

350  Day  60c 

250  Dudley 60c 

780  Exchequer 71@7i 

Li50  Flowery 90c@l 

500  Gould  &Curry 9ST"" 

350  Goodshaw 65(c 

475  Giant&O  A 7 

345  H  &  Norcross. . .  .14f@14j 

50  Hamburg 50c 

300  Husaey 15c 

365  Independence 2.90C" 

195  Julia 3.90(33.; 

295  Justice 3.65@3.55 

400  Jupiter 40c 

1150  L  Bryan 75(370c 

185  LWash 1.30 

600  Leviathan 70@75c 

1035  Mexican 42(5)424 

750  Mackey 2.3O@2.40 

750  McClinton 1 ....  1 .10 

570  Mono 5J@5j| 

75  N  Con  Virginia. .  .10i@ll> 

40  Northern  Belle 6 

645  N  Bonanza 2@2J 

230  Noonday l.S0@1.95 

50  N  Noonday 90c 

870  Ophir ""' 

800  Oriental 

50  Phil  Sheridan 35c 

130  Potosi 4.60 

20  Raymond  &E 41 

100  Real  del  Monte 3 

235  Savage 124(3122 

665  Silver  Hill 2.3Q@2.15 

405  Sierra  Nevada. .  .481(3491 
200  Succor 70(375c 

1310  Scorpion 3.40@3.20 

350  Solid  Silver 15c 

605  Summit 1.95@2 

390  Syndicate 4 

300  South  Bodie 40c 

100  SBulwer 60c 

350  Tioga "" 

330  Union  Con 

300  Utah 19@181 

890  University 60(355c 

900  Vortex 75@70c 

555  Ward. 1.20@1.15 

50  Woodville. 25c 

815  Yellow  Jacket... 18J@18i 
Monday  A.  91.,  Hay  -in. 

175  Alpha 

250  Alta 7i 

545  Andes 40c 

145  Beat&  Belcher.  .18£@I8j 

735  Bullion 7@fii 

550  Belcher 5J@5i 

190  Benton 4.     _ 

185  Confidence 141(3141 

275  California 5 '.'" '.'■ 

1960  Con  Imperial. .1.60@1. 55 

280  Crown  Point 5J(35i 

470  Chollar 7@6£ 

915  Con  Virginia 6@5J 

70  Challenge 2J 

100  Caledonia 2.15 

1800  C  Dorado 2(31  .90 

1090  Exchequer, " 

800  Flowery 1@1.15 

400  Gould&  Curry... 

430  Green 90c@l 

380  Hale  &  Nor 14|@14£ 

90  Justice 3.7003} 

435  Julia 3.95(54 

10  Kentuck if 

230  Lady  Wash 1.31 

720  Lady  Bryan 75@80c 

150  Leviathan 75@70c 

530  Mexican 421@42} 

100  Mountain  View... 2. 90@3 

550  Mackey 2.40@2.45 

30  New  York 60c 

480  North  Con  Vir... 10i@10S 

860  NBonanza 21(5)2 

140  Overman 

415  Ophir 

200  Occidental -. .  .75c 

300  Phil  Sheridan 70c 

2S0  Potosi 4.90(34 

630  Savage 13@13 

100  Santiago 11 

SO  Solid  Silver 10c 

1010  Scorpion 2.95@3.20 

505  Silver  Hill 2.40(5*2.35 

400  Succor 80®70c 

380  Sierra  Nevada.... 47}@47 
70  Trojan 25c 

265  Union  Con r 

70  Utah 11.™ 

500  Ward 1.15@1.20 

190  Yellow  Jacket 18 

AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

•250  Albion. 25c 

1250  Argenta 1.10@U 

50  AuroraT 20c 

1260  Booker 50@45c 

1890  Belle  Isle 75<&65c 

200  Belmont 40c 

470  Bechtel 1£@1.9; 

710  Bodie 30{5?3i>! 

1820  Belvidere 1.05(W1.20 

335  Black  Hawk...l.70@1.60 

240  Bulwer 11} 

500  Champion 25c 

200  Crcesus 10c 

90  Caledonia  (BH).. 

2430  C  Pacific 54(361 

150  Day. 55c 

240  Dudley 50@55c 

2^0  Eureka  Con 174^18 

100  Endowment 25c 

400  Fourth  July 50c 

30  Grand  Prize 3} 

100  Gila 20(3150 

200  Goodshaw 65@70c 

30  Golden  Terra 14 

650  Giant&O  A 7 

300  Huasey 10c 

550  Hillside 1.90(32 

310  Independence  .2.90(32.80 

20  Jackson 53 @6 

200  Jupiter 1@1 .20 

400  Leeds 75@70c 

100  Manhattan 2.40 

495  McClinton 1.20(31.15 

865  Mono 7£@8 

345  Northern  Belle 6J(36 

750  Navajo 20@25c 

470  Noonday 2(31.95 

300  NNoonday 8Q@85c 

200  Oriental 7oc 

500  Orient 15c 

200  Paradise 1 .  35(311 

60  Raymond  &  Ely 41 

470  Red  Cloud 1(5)1.40 

395  Syndicate 4@4$ 

875  Summit 2@1.90 


625  S  Bodie 50@40c 

1150  S  Bulwer 70@60c 

1300  Star 45@35o 

200  Tuscarora 10c 

1130  Tioga  Con 3.05@3 

100  Tipton 80c 

2010  University 60@65c 

900  Vortex 85@80c 

Tuesday  A.  91.,  9Iay  «. 

685  Alpha 23@231 

130  Alta 71@7{ 

300  Andes 40c 

960  Bullion 63(365 

450  Belcher 51@5S 

180  Best* Belcher...  173@171 
710  Benton 4.60(5)4.55 

1300  CDorado 2@1.90 

465  California 6 

45  Confidence 14@141 

710  Challenge 2.60@24 

210  Caledoma 2i@2 .  15 

3825  Con  Imperial.. 1.65@1. 60 
475  Crown  Point 5 

2200  Con  Virginia 6 

150  Chollar. 71(37£ 

1245  Exchequer 7l@7l 

100  Fairfax l£ 

785  Flowery. 95c@l 

100  Gould  &  Curry 9i@9S 

495  H  &  Norcross 143&15 

515  Julia 3.80(33.70 

410  Justice 3j£@3.30 

25  Kentuck 4j 

2175  LBryan 75@70c 

130  Lady  Wash 11(31.30 

100  Leviathan 75c 

1340  Mexican 404(3411 

600  Mackey 2i<32.45 

50  Mt  View 2.40 

530  New  York 65c 

195  N  Bonanza... .2.15@2.10 
490  North  Con  Vir... IONICS 

980  Ophir 37@37J 

80  Overman 8j 

800  Phil  Sheridan.,.. 25@35c 

265  PotoBi 4.90(34.80 

185  Savage 134(3131 

590  Scorpion 23(32.85 

500  Succor 75(365c 

600  Silver  Hill 2(32.20 

435  Sierra  Nevada. . .  .47(3471 

200  Senator. 20c 

200  S  PotoBi 65c 

950  Solid  Silver 10c 

400  Trojan 25@30c 

30  Utah 18\@m 

310  Union  Con 88(386 

410  Ward 1.15(5)1.10 

795  Yellow  Jacket. . .  .174(318 

AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

600  Albion 30@25c 

1855  Argeuta li@1.40 

100  Belmont 40c 

2880  Belle  Isle 75<365c 

Black  Hawk... 2. 60(52. 45 

1060  Belvidere. 13(323 

360  Bulwer Hi 

3280  Bechtel 21@2.10 

310  Bodie 36(3374 

2230  Booker WK*70c 

100  Caledoma  (B  H) 44 

1175  Champion 30@25c 

1000  C  Pacific 9(394 

450  Day 55@60c 

1350  Dudley 60@55c 

300  Defiance 1.60 

115  Eureka  Con 17 

800  Endowment 25c 

2000  Fourth  July 50c 

270  GrandPrize 31(33.30 

75  Golden  Terra 13 

400  Giant&O  A 7 

350  Gila 20(515c 

1350  Goodshaw 70@75c 

100  Hillside 2 

610  Independence 3^2.90 

1090  Jupiter 1.10(31 

100  Leopard 1 

100  Leeds 75c 

2760  McClinton 1J@1.15 

765  Mono 84(2-8^ 

125  Northern  Belle.... 64(56il 

300  Navajo 25c 

1515  Noonday 21@23 

400  N  Noonday 1 

150  Orient 15c 

125  Oriental 65@60c 

100  Phenix 34 

100  Paradise 1.35 

100  Raymond&Ely 44 

300  Silver  Prize 45c 

200  Star 50c 

820  Summit 24(32.45 

990  S  Bodie 40@45c 

1470  S'Bulwer 70@80c 

150  Syndicate 3J 

800  Tioga 3.80@4 

200  Tiptop 80c 

1750  University 70@75c 

600  Vortex 85c 

ncd'sday  A. 91.,  Mavyx. 

430  Alta. 75@3 

50  Alpha 23 

785  Andes 45@40c 

680  Belcher 5£@5S 

195  Bullion 63OT6J 

460  B  &  Belcher 19@19| 

500  Benton 4.85(34.95 

300  Challenge 2.70@2J 

400  Caledonia 2.20(324 

1005  California 7(36J 

830  Con  Virginia 7@6g 

590  Chollar 7J@7| 

900  Con  Dorado... 2. 30(32. 35 

235  Crown  Point 5i@5d 

1020  Con  Imperial. .1.60^01. 55 

560  Exchequer 7J5@8 

70  Flowery 95*@1 

100  Fairfax 14 

620  Gould  &  Curry. . . .  11@114 

720  Hale  &Nor. 16@165 

600  Julia 4.05@4 

400  Justice 3.30(33.40 

95  Kentuck 4.60 

20  Leviathan 70c 

1095  Lady  Bryan 75@70c 

360  Lady  Wash 1.30@li 

130  Mexican 42£ 

60  MtView 2 

1100  Mackey 26(32.70 

'.690  N  Bonanza.... 2. 10(32. 05 
520  North  Con  Vir  .  .10i@10i 

505  NewYork 60(tf65c 

540  Ophir 39@391 

110  Overman 9J@9J 

220  Phil  Sheridan  . . .  ,75@90c 

1000  Potosi 4.90(34.95 

375  SierraNevada 50@493 

535  Silver  Hill 2} 

605  Scorpion 2i@2.95 

300  Succor. 80c 

585  Savage 144@143 

1000  SPotosi 70c 

140  Solid  Silver 5c 

1400  Trojan «.- 30c 

255  Unions 87J@87 

300  Utah 21@204 

500  Ward 1.15(31.20 

465  Yellow  Jacket. . .  .18}(3l9 

APTERNCON  SESSION. 

2500  Argenta 11@1 .30 

800  Albion 25(330c 

900  Aurora  T 30c 

515  Bulwer 134 

235  Bodie 43@42 

1440  Bechtel 2.60(32.70 

1070  Belmont 40@45c 

7700  Belle  Isle 70c@l 

1240  Black  Hawk 2i@23 

1335  Booker 90c@l 

790  Belvidere 90c@l 

1150  Champion 40(345c 

580  Con  Pacific 64@5J 

400  Caledonia  (B  H) 5 

1010  Day 50@fi0c 

200  Defiance 24 

2520  Dudley 1@1.60 

200  Endowment 25c 

80  Eureka  Con 174@18 

400  Fourth  July 50e 

160  Grand  Prize 3.40 

750  Gila 20@15c 


MINING  SHAREHOLDERS'  DIRECTORY. 


Compiled  every  Thursday  from  Advertisements  in  Mining  and  Scientific  Press  andother  S.  F.  Journals. 
ASSESSMENTS-STOCKS  ON  THE  LISTS  OP  THE  BOARDS. 


Company. 

Andes  S  M  Co 
Belcher  S  M  Co 
Booker  Con  G  M  Co 
Brilliant  M  Co 
Beat  &  Belcher  M  Co 
Bechtel  Con  M  Co 
Belmout  M  Co 
Bullion  M  Co 
Caledonia  S  M  Co 
Crown  Point  Ravine  G  & 
Gila  S  M  Co 

Huasey  Con  G  &  S  M  Co 
Justice  M  Co 
McCrackin  Con  M  Co 
Mexican  G  &  S  M  Co 
North  Carson  S  M  Co 
Trojan  M  Co 
Raymond  &  Ely  M  Co 
Real  Del  Monte  M  Co 
Sierra  Nevada  S  M  Co 
South  Bulwer  G  M  Co 
Solid  Silver  G  &  S  M  Co 
Succor  M  &  M  Co 
Tioga  Con  M  Co 
Trojan  M  Co 
Yellow  Jacket  S  M  Co 
Wells  Fargo  M  Co 


Location. 
Nevada 
Nevada 

California 
Nevada 
Nevada 

California 
Nevada 
Nevada 
Nevada 
S  M  Co  Nev 
Nevada 
Nevada 
Nevada, 
Arizona 
Nevada 
Nevada 
Nevada 
Nevada 
Nevada 
Nevada 

California 
Nevada 
Nevada 

California 
Nevada 
Nevada 
Nevada 


Amt.  Levied. 

25  May  5 

1  00  May  20 

25  Apr  23 

25  Apr  26 

1  00  Apr  17 

25  Apr  19 

30  Apr  4 

I  00  May  6 

50  April 

15  Apr  16 

20  Apr  30' 

15  May  27 

1  00  May  26 

50  Oct  22 

1  00  May  14 

25  Apr  26 

25  Apr  9 

1  00  Apr  23 
50  Mar  29 

2  00  Apr  16 
10  May  8 
25  May  14 
50  Apr  23 
20  Apr  3 
25  April  9 

1  00  Apr  15 

25  Apr  23 


Dklinq' 
June  11 
June  25 
June  2 , 
May  30 
May  21 
May  26 
May  10 
June  9 
May  16 
May  20 
June  3 
July  1 
June  30 
Mar  3 
June  18 
June  2 
June  2 
June  2 

May  20 
June  12 
June  16 
May  28 
May  8 
June  2 
May  19 
May  24 


nt.    Sale.    Secretary. 


Place  of  Business 


Julyl 
July  15 
June  23 
June  21 
June  10 
June  16 
June  2 
June  30 
June  6 
June  9 
June  23 
July  22 
July  19 
May  31 
July  10 
June  20 
June' 23 
Julyl 
June  3 
June  10 
July  3 
July  10 
June  17 
May  28 
June  23 
June  17 
June  10 


M  Landers  309  Montgomery  st 

Jno  Crockett  203  BiiBh  st 

W  H  Lent  ,309  Montgomery  et 

W  A  M  Van  Bokkelen  419  Cal  at 


Wm  Willis 
Wm  H  Lent 
JWPew 
Joseph  Gruff 
R  Wegener 
J  M  Buffington 
Wm  W  Parrish 
Jno  E  Dixon 
R  E  Kelley 
H  A  Whiting 
C  L  McCoy 
J  W  Morgan 
David  Wilder 
Jos  Roberts,  Jr 


1  Montgomery  st 
309  Montgomery  et 
310  Pine  st 

418  California  at 
414  California  st 
309  California  st 

328  Montgomery  et 
327  Pine  sfc 

419  California  st 
211  Sansomest 

203  Bush  st 

318  Pine  et 

328  Montgomery  at 

330  Pine  at 


C  Van  Dyck  Hubbard         203  Bush  Bt 
WW  Stetson  309  Montgomery  st 


William  Stuart 
J  J  Applegate 
Wm  H  Watson 
W  H  Lent 
David  Wilder 
Mercer  Otey 
O  H  Bogart 


)  Sansome  nt 
331  Montgomery  at 
302  Montgomery  st 
309  Montgomery  st 
328  Montgomery  st 
Gold  Hill,  Nev 
106  Leideadorfl  at 


OTHER  COMPANIES-NOT  ON  THE  LISTS  OP  THE  BOARDS. 


America  M  Co 
Amazon  Con  M  Co 
Almaden  Q  M  Co 
Black  Hawk  G  M  Co 
Butte  Creek  H  M  Co 
Champion  M  Co 
Cherokee  Flat  Blue  Grav  Co 
Dudley  M  Co 
Eagle  SM&M  Co 
Emigrant  S  M  Co 
Florence  Blue  Grav  M  Co 
Goodshaw  M  Co 
Hidalgo  M  &  S  Co 
Jupiter  M  Co 
Mayflower  Grav  M  Co 
McClinton  M  Co 
North  Bonanza  M  Co 
Northern  Light  G  &  S  M  Co 
Old  Dan  G  &  S  M  Co 
Oro  M  Co 
Queen  Bee  M  Co 
Rocky  Point  M  Co 
Seg  Europa  M  Co 
Silver  Hill  M  Co 
Selby  Hill  M  Co 
SanPedroG&SMCo 
Sigourney  G  &  S  M  Co 
Sophia  G  M  Co 
South  Utah  M  Co 
Twin  Peak  M  Co 


Nevada  1 

Nevada  6 

California  2 

California  5 

California  2 

California  3 

California  41 

California  3 

Nevada  13 

California  4 

California  4 

California  3 

California  1 

California  3 

California  4 

California  3 

Nevada  2 

California  4 

California  1 

California  1 

California  3 

California  1 

Nevada  1 

Nevada  6 

California  2 

California  1 

California  2 

California  1 

Nevada  2 

Nevada  2 


25  May  9 

10  Mar  24 

25  Apr  15 

25  Apr  28 

25  Apr  16 

15  Apr  15 

05  Apr  10 

25  Apr  8 

20  Apr  16 

50  May  10 

05  Apr  18 

10  Apr  23 

01  Mar  29 

20  Apr  24 
1  00  Mar  26 

25  May  15 

50  Apr  30 

10  Apr  9  * 

35  May  16 

05  

10  April  22 

10  Apr  17 

25  Apr  4 

50  Apr  7 

15  May  8 

02  May  14 
05  May  15 

021  Apr  23 
10  Apr  7 
15  April 


June  11 
May  12 
May  17 
June  5 
June  6 
May  21 
May  12 
May  10 
May  20 
June  10 
May  22 
May  30 
May  8 
May  26 

June  20 
June  4 
May  14 
June  20 
May8 
May  26 
May  29 
June  11 
May  13 
June  9 
June  16 
June  21 
June  5 
May  10 
May  16 


June  28. 
June  11 
June  10 
June  28 
July  7 
June  10 
June  10 

June  9 
June  10 
June  30 

June  9 
Juue  20 

June  9 
June  25 

June  5 

July  10 
June  29 

June  2 
July  10 

June  16 
June  16 
June  28 
June  3 
June  26 
July  7 
July  11 
June  23 
May  31 
June  5 


R  B  Noyeu 
Jno  Crockett 
J  F  Mahoney 
H  A  Charles 
R  L  Taylor 
Jno  Crockett 
R  N  Van  Brunt 
E  C  Masten 
Jno  E  Dixon 
B  W  Mudge 
F  A  McGee 
Victor  Fernbach 
J  Costa 
E  C  Masten 
J  Morizio 
Wm  H  Lent 
W  W  Stetson 
S  F  Monroe 
Wra  H  Watson 
William  Stuart 
T  A  White 
T  L  Bibbins 
R  B  Noyes 
W  E  Dean 
H  Aug  Whiting 
T  A  White 
A  Judson 
L  L  Blood 
C  S  Healy 
T  W  Colburn 


240  Montgomery  Bt 

203  Bush  st 

207  Sansome  Bt 

419  California  st 

310  Pine  st 

203  Bush  st 

318  Pine  st 

309  Montgomery  at 

327  Pine  st 

309  Montgomery  at 

Merchants'  Ex 

327  Pine  st 

323  Front  at 

309  Montgomery  st 

328  Montgomery  Bt 

309  Montgomery  at 

309  Montgomery  st 

419  California  at 

302  Montgomery  st 

320  Sansome  st 

113  Leidesdorrf  at 

314  Bush  st 

240  Montgomery  st 

203  Bush  Bt 

211  Sansome  st 

113  Leidesdorff  at 

320  Sanaome  st 

Merchants'  Ex 

Merchant*'  Exchange 

414  California  st 


MEETINGS  TO  BE  HELD. 


Name  of  Company, 

Lady  Franklin  G  &  S  M  Co 
Lone  Tree  G  &  S  M  Co 
Mt  Jefferson  M  Co 
St  Luis  M  Co 
TyhoCon  M  Co- 


Location.    Secretary. 
California    T  E  Luty 

Henry  Cluskey 
California    R  N  Van  Brunt 

W  E  Dean 

Nevada    Wm  M  Parriah 


Office  in  S.  F. 

330  Pine  st 
318  Pine  st 
318  Pine  st 
203  Bush  et 
328  Montgomery  at 


Meeting. 
Annual 
Annual 
Annual 
Annual 
Annual 


LATEST  DP7IDENDS-WITHIN    THREE    MONTHS 


Nasib  of  Company. 
Con  Virginia  M  Co 
Excelsior  W  &  M  Co 
Eureka  Con  M  Co 
Napa  Con  Q  M  Co 
Standard  Con  M  Co 
Martin  Wnite  M  Co 


Location.    Secretaey. 

Nevada  A  W  Haven 

California  G  P  Thurston 

Nevada  W  W  Traylor 

California  Win  W  Pan-lsli 

California  W  Willis 

Nevada  J  J  Scovllle 


Office  in  S.  F. 
309  Montgomery  at 
315  California  st 
37  Nevada  Block 
326  Montgomery  st 
309  Montgomery  at 
309  Montgomery  st 


Amount. 
50 
26 
1  00 
10 
50 


Daib 
June  6 
Juue  9 
JuneS 
June  2 
June  4 


May  15 
Apr  21 
May  21 
Apr  30 
Apr  12 
May  27 


350  Golden  Terra 15  1800 

440  Giant  &  O  A 7  580 

440  Goodshaw 80i575c   170 

300  Hussey 10c  1150 

80  Hillside 2  750 

955  Independence  . . .  ,2.95(5i3  200 
2400  Jupiter .  ^k 11@1  1540 

110  Jackson  ^R 5i(p6  1915 

ISO  Manhattan 2J     35 

835  Mono 8i(39   200 

105  Mammoth I2«rll  10S5 

1755  McClinton 1.80(«1!  :;20H 

80  Northern  Belle l>.Y'i;.;  1050 

1640  Noonday .3j<32£ 

SALES  OF   LAST  WEEK   AND   THIS  COMPARED 


NNoonday 1J<31.20 

ParadiBe 1.3'Je>  1  ,-lu 

Raymond  &  Ely...4i<34J 

Star EOc 

S  Bodie 50@45c 

Silver  Prize 50c 

SBulwer lr.(rtl.40 

Summit 2.60@3 

Syndicate 4 

Tiptop 80c 

Tioga  Con 4 

University 70(390c 

Vortex 85@90c 


Thnrsd'y  A.  M.„  May  22, 

480  Alta 8@7j 

283  Alpha 22@22i 

475  Andes 40@45c 

205  Belcher 5$@5! 

145  Best&Beleher 18; 

1580  Bullion 7(37[ 

225  Benton ...4.80(34.85 

2310  Con  Imperial.. 1.60(3.1. 65 

585  Crown  Point 5i@5[ 

260  Confidence 14J@143 

785  California 6J(37 

140  Chollar " 

1955  Con  Virginia 

85  Caledonia 2.35 

530  Challenge 2.65(32.80 

1900  Cou  Dorado 2.10@2| 

1489  Exchequer 73(381 

1670  Flowery 1.10@l| 

370  Gould  £  Curry.  ...10(3101 

220  Hale  &  Nor 14*@14B 

180  Julia 4.10(34 

320  Justice 32 

200  Kentuck 5 

1230  Lady  Bryan 65@70c 

450  Lady  Wash.  ...1.40@1.45 

370  Leviathan 75@70c 

255  Mexican 37@37J 

700  Mackey 2.10@2.20 

640  New  York 65(370c 

555  North  Con  Vir. ,.10J(310i 
9.  Sftrizsl 


Thursday  A.  M.,  May  29. 

270  Alta 84@8j 

270  Alpha Ml 

1145  Andes  40(350c 

275  Best&  Belcher... 20^201 

905  Belcher 61(363 

895  Bullion 7307* 

765  Benton Bi@54 

710  California efcffi! 

1375  Crown  Point 6(351 

245  Con  Virginia, 61(36| 

745  Cbollar 9(38| 

2385  Con  Imperial. .1.65(31. 70 

515  Confidence 151@16 

555  Caledonia 23@3 

925  Challenge 3(32.95 

1770  CDorado 24(32.60 

720  Exchequer ,8B(38J 

950  Flowery 80c@l 

1025  Fairfax 1* 


685  N  Bonanza. . 

950  Ophir  . . . 

210  Overman 

200  Phil  Sheridan  . . .  .75@85c 
55  Potosi 4.70 

340  Savage 12£(312f 

130  Sierra  Nevada . . .  .50@50J 

200  Succor 30c 

1005  Silver  Hill '2.LZ 

1460  Scorpion 3.95@4.10 

200  Solid  Silver 15c 

250  Trojan 20(325c 

540  Utah 

390  Union  Con 75@77 


..25l- 


50  Woodville 

1200  Ward 1 

930  Yellow  Jacket....! 


AFTEKNOON  SESSION 

975  Argenta. 

700  Albion 25c 

400  Belmont 40c 

1000  Belle  Isle 60@70o 

570  .Bodie 20(321 

315  Bechtel 12@1.80 

260  Bulwer 114@11J 

300  Booker 40c 

400  Blaok  Hawk 1{ 

730  Belvidere l@85c 

200  Champion 25c 

850  C  Pacific 3.80@3I 

285  Caledoma  [BH].. 41(34. 10 

1000  Croesus .10c 

600  Dudley 

600  Day 55(*60c 

185  Eureka  Con 175@18 

250  Golden  Terra 14 


560  Gould  &  Curry. . .  121@12j 

495  Hale  &  Nor 173(318 

215  Justice 3.60(33.65 

1450  Julia 4£(343 

375  Kentuck 5@5J 

60  Leviathan 75c 

280  L  Bryan 65@70c 

50  LadvWaeh 1.35 

660  Mexican 42i@43 

200  MtView 2@2.10 

1380  Mackey 2.90(33 

30(32*    130  New  York 60c 

V.iaM  1700  N  Bonanza. ..  .1.90(52.10 

9(29i    760  N  Con  Vir 10g@10j 

""     710  Ophir 3U.'.<"40 

235  Overman 11@114 

550  Potosi 51@5i 

540  Phil  Sheridan 80c(3I 

955  SierraNevada 533(355 

790  Savage 16j@17 

140  Succor 85@90c 

615  Silver  Hill 2.20@2.30 

1725  Scorpion 3i@3J 

200  Solid  Silver 10c 

1900  Trojan 30@35c 

380  Union  Con 86(387 

845  Utah 28(332 

1000  Ward I.20@U 

960  Yellow  Jacket. .  .20i@21j[ 

AFTBKNOON  SESSION. 

440  Aurora  T 25@30c 

1825  Argenta 1]@1.15 

350  Belmont 50c 

2350  BeUe  Isle 95c@l 

870  Bodie 34@35 

1465  Bechtel 2@2.10 

535  Bulwer 12|@13 

1640  Booker 1(31.10 

760  Black  Hawk 2} 

3700  Belvidere li(32 

2845  Champion 35@45c 

200  Caledonia  (B  H) 5 

745  C  Pacific 3i(34 

910  Dudley 1.10(31} 

100  Day 50c 

120  Eureka  Con.... 18 

200  Endowment 30c 

1200  Fourth  July 55(360c 

215  Grand  Prize" 3.40^3^ 

225  Golden  Terra 14 

2325  Goodshaw 70@75c 


250  Gila 20c|  370 

115  GrandPrize 3.15(g?31|  100 

350  Giant&O  A 7  770 

850  Goodshaw :..60@45c     65 

100  Highbridge 25c  1500 

100  Hussey 10c  210 

385  independence.. 2, 90@2. 95  2170 

250  Jupiter 40c 

200  Leopard 1 

30  Leeds 70(375c   suu 

20  Manhattan 24   300 

350  McClinton lj  lOO 

400  Mono 5J@51      "' 

175  Noonday 2 

100  N  Noonday 75c 

180  Northern  Belle >' ' 

1425  Oriental 70@90c 

200  Orient 15c 

345  Raymond  &  Ely. . . 

500  Star 50c 

310  Summit 1.8f 

195  Syndicate 3i@3i 

325  S  Bulwer .55c 

170  S  Bodie 40c 

345  Tioga  Con 2.60@2A 

50  Tuscarora 10c 

1150  University 40c 

1400  Vortex 70<375c 


1610 


Hillside 2 

Highbridge 30o 

Independence 3 

Jackson 5}@5i 

Jupiter. 1(31.05 

Mammoth 12(313 

McClinton 1.05(31} 

Mono 61(37 

Noonday 21(321 

NNoonday 1.10^l£ 

Navajo 15a 

Northern  Belle 6g@7 

Oriental 50c 

PheniX 3 

Paradise 1.40 

Raymond  &  Ely  . .  ,4J(354 
Real  del  Monte. . .  .2i(*2J 

Red  Cloud 75c 

Summit 2.40(323 

Syndicate S 

SBulwer 1(31.10 

Silver  Prize 45c 

Star 50c 

S  Bodie 45(350c 

Tiptop 75c 

Tioga  Con 2J@2.90 

University 70@90c 

Vortex 8f  c 


Pacific  Board— Latest  Sales. 


WcdNdny  A.M.,  May  28. 

10  Alta 73 

95  Andes 50(3*3710 

85  Belcher 5g@5.45 

55  Beat  &  Belcher 19 

180  Black  Hawk 2.45(rt2J 

20  Bodie 41 

40  Booker 60c 

70  Bullion 6§ 

405  Camero 2J@3.56 

170  Chollar 7J 

250  Con  Virginia 6J(36Z 

50  Crown  Point 51 

105  California 7(365 

50  Caledonia 2.20 

20  Con  Imperial 1.55 

175  Excheauer 8 

190  Gould  &  Curry. .  .10J@H1 

70  Hale  &  Nor 16IC&163 

140  Julia 3.90(33.95 

45  Juatice 3.45@3f 

225  Mexican 42J@42l 

200  N  Bonanza 2; 

160  Ophir 39@39i 

10  Overman 91 

460  Savage UWlii 

50  Scorpion 2.95 

80  Sierra  Nevada . . .  .50(349" 

50  Tloea  Con '. 

60  Utah 19i@20i 

10  Yellow  Jacket 18J 

A  FTEBNOON  SESSION. 


200  Andes ._. 

50  Argenta 11 

60  Alta 8 


80  Black  Hawk 2.45@2j 

230  Bullion .- 7 

5  Bodie 43J 

50  Booker 90c 

70  Belcher 5i.@5j| 

10  Crown  Point 5f 

20  Con  Imperial 1.65 

130  Con  Virginia 6£@6fi 

30  CPacific 5i 

10  California 61 

40  Gila 15c 

600  Goodshaw 75<370c 

200  Geo  Douglas 25c 

130  Gould  &  Curry. . .  .ll@llg 

•100  Hussey 30c 

100  Julia 3.90 

90  Justice 3i 

20  Mono 9 

670  Mackey 23(32,70 

100  M  White 7 

300  Nob  Hill 75@80c 

10  North  Con  Vir 10J 

50  NewYork 65c 

20  Ophir 39i 

250  Paradise li@1.55 

10  Silver  Hill 2.30 

10  Savage 15 

20  Summit 35 

100  Scorpion 2.90@3 

300  S  Bodie 50o  ■ 

600  Trojan 300 

30  Tioga 4i 

50  University 85o 

10  Utah 23 

110  Ward 1.15 

20  Yellow  Jacket 19 


California  Board— Latest  Sales. 


Wed'sdny  A.  M.,  May  28. 

20  AlDha 23{»23i 

70  Alta 7i@8 

150  Andes .39r 

40  Belcher SJ<W5f 

50  BeBt  &  Belcher. .  .183@18: 

30  Bullion 6il8Ci 

40  California tj|@7 

40  Con  Virginia 6j@7 

300  Con  Imperial 1.60@lfi 

80  Chollar 7J<37  J 

50  Exchequer SifflS 

300  Goodshaw 75c 


90  Gould  &  Curry. .  .10i<j»10t 

30  Hale*  Nor 15} 

100  Leviathan 80c 

130  Mexican 43@43i 

450  Mono  &  Cross 20c 

100  North  Carson 30c 

200  N  Sierra  Nevada 8c 

40  Ophir 39P391 

70  Savage 14J(o?14J 

20  SierraNevada..  504@501 

800  Senator 35(S37Jc 

200  Silver  Jacket ....  371@50c 
450  SBodie.....' 43@45o 


May  31,  1879.I 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


349 


«0  S  Dub 14c    100  Eau-rpriar II 

40  Vuino 87e**7t     60  Exchequer SitrteJ 

1000  U  Fla* 4c    10O  i:.«>.U!]»w Me 

30  Yc-llow  Jacket  ..1SJ  !>»!»• 371o 

Arraajioos  se-.mion  10  OonM  k  Curry Ill 

mi  .*n>a 

30  Alpha. i!l'*23l    110  Julia 3.95 

30  A1U &ii       «  Motion 43 

10U  Arweuta 1      ICO  North  Canon 21c 

60  Belcher :.1«5    1000  N  Sierra  Ncraua 10c 


1JO  ItUck  Hawk 
50  He.1  *  Belch.  I 

40  Bullion Wa 

M  California 7"7 


SO  <i[.lilr 39M3SI 

300  nrirul 25c 

30  Sinia 14. 

10  H  Henda 

90  Con  Vlniinia 7'ii     200  Sll»er  r'rizo. .         I     MS< 

300  Don  Imperial  I.H    100  8  Bojle    47c 

"     30  Union  Con 


40  Chullar 

251  Co.oC.ij 
10  Crown  I'olnt  . 


100  Wale*  . 

•  Jacket . 


181918) 


Mining  Share  Market 


,ining    -Summary. 


The  following  U  mostly  condensed  frum  journals  pub- 
lished in  the  interior,  In  proximity  to  the  mines  mentioned. 


From  beginning  to  end  of  the  week  the  mar- 
ket has  been  growing  in  strength.  This 
hardening  has  been  almost  general,  and  all  along 
the  line  a  better  and  increasing  speculative  dis- 
position may  be  seen.  The  remarkable  feature 
of  the  advance  is  that  it  is  extending  the  list  of 
favorites  to  entirely  new  and  outside  quarter?. 
The  public  taste  seems  to  have  thoroughly 
palled  of  the  Virginia  stocks,  and  refuses  to  be 
pleased  with  anything  but  Bodies.  In  fact,  for 
a  time,  the  latter  seemed  to  have  wlmlly  ex- 
cluded the  old  favorites  of  the  Comfltook  from 
the  tivld  of  speculation.  Like  most  things  re- 
lating to  stock-dealiug,  the  reasons  why  "this  is 
thus'  are  impossible  of  explanation.  There  have 
been  no  developments  in  the  mines  themselves 
to  warrant  the  inflation,  and  it  is  noticeable 
that  the  solid  ore  producers  among  the  Bodies 
have  not  kept  pace  with  the  wild  cats  in  the  ad- 
vance. The  levers  which  raised  them  into 
prominence  were  huge  promises,  and  the  re- 
port that  Eastern  investors  in  these  stocks  are 
becoming  so  excited,  that  a  rise  of  unusual 
magnitude  might  certainly  be  expected  before 
their  demands  would  be  satisfied.  Be  it  as  it 
is,  the  change  is  refreshing,  and  the  corner-stone 
seems  laid  for  a  remarkably  lively  market.  The 
Comstocks  have  recovered  somewhat,  but  unless 
a  marked  and  instantaneous  change  takes  place 
in  some  quarter,  they  will  be  likely  to  be  left 
behind  in  the  race  for  the  public  favor. 

The  Inter-Oceanic  Canal  Route. 


1 


The  telegraph    announces    that    the    Inter- 
Oceanic  Conference,  which  for  some  time  past 
has  been  in  session  at  Paris,  has  decided  on  the 
Darien    route    for    the   proposed   oceanic   ship 
canal.     This    route   is   the   one     proposed     by 
Messrs.  Wyse  and  Reelus,  and  it  is  estimated 
will  cost  about  8210,000,000.     By  it  a  canal  is 
to  be  cut  through  the   isthmus  from  SO  to  90 
miles  in  length,  which  shall    be   without   locks. 
That  is,  it  is  proposed  either  to  cut  a  hole  broad 
enough  and  high  enough  for  the  passage  of  the 
largest  ships,  masts,  spars  and  all,  through   the 
Andes  or  to  cut  the  Andes  down  entirely,   not 
only  to  the  level  of  the  sea,  but  far  enough  be- 
low its  surface  to  float   the  largest  and   most 
heavily  laden  vessels.     The  time   necessary   for 
the  accomplishment  of  the  undertaking  has  been 
calculated  at  from  12  to  18  years,  and  the  time 
of  passage  through  it  when  completed   for   ves- 
sels will  be  two  and  a  half  days.     There   are   a 
number  of  reasons  for  considering  this  scheme 
in  an  unfavorable  light  and  at  least  for  distrust- 
ing the  motives  of  the  parties  interested.     It  is 
a    generally    expressed    opinion     that    several 
others  of  the  seven   schemes   proposed   to   the 
conference  were  more  feasible  both  in  point  of 
expense  and  ease  of   accomplishment  than  the 
one   selected,    and    many    prominent    journals 
openly  charge  that  the  present  end  was  reached 
wholly   by   the   skillful   engineering   of   Lieut, 
Wyse  and  his  adherents,  who  are  backed  by 
strong  French  interests  and  have  personal  aims 
in  view.     Certainly  the  scheme  appears  to  have 
been  gotten  up  regardless  of  expense,  and  look- 
ing at  the  engineering  difficulties  to  be   over- 
come, we  fear  that  its  motives  are  somewhat 
less  than  honest.     Admiral  Ammen,  the  Ameri- 
can   delegate,    has    throughout    opposed     the 
scheme   on  the  ground   of  its  impracticability, 
and  advocated  at  all  times  the   cheaper  routes 
lying  farther  to  the  north.     Still,  now  that  the 
Darien  scheme  has  received  the  sanction  of  the 
conference,  the  whole  body  of  American   engi- 
ners  have  tacitly  accepted  the  situation.     They 
say  that  the  United  States  wants  a  canal,   and 
that  its  location  is  an  eutir.ely  secondary  consid- 
eration, as  compared  with  its  actual  construc- 
tion at  some  one  point.     It  is  to  be  hoped  that 
the  canal  will  actually  be  constructed.     But, 
taking  into  account  the  difficulties  to  be  over- 
come, the  enormous  cost,  the   hampered  means 
of  obtaining  the  necessary  funds,   and  the  way 
in  which  the  job  has  been  lugged  through  the 
committee,  it  seems  much  more  probable  that  it 
will  never   exist,  except  in  the  floating  stock, 
and  that  instead  of  the  many  millions  which 
will  be  saved  by  it  to  American  commerce,  we 
shall  see  our  dollars  quickly  disappear  in  the 
pockets  of  these  dishonest  trench  speculators. 

Bullion  Shipments. 

Christy  Con.,  May  23d,  $5,802;  Argenta, 
May  26th,  $11,000;  Independence,  May  26th, 
$8,000;  Northern  Belle,  May  21st,  $2,401.25; 
Ophir,  May  21st,  gl5,046\S6;  Standard,  May 
23d,  $37,086.92;  Alexander,  May  24th,  $8,757. 
39;  Hillside,  from  May  25th  to  May  28th,  in 
elusive,  $15,940;  California,  May  24th,  $59, 
937.40;  Silver  Prize,  May  24th,  S2.S76;  Martin 
White,  May  21st,  $5,671.33;  Northern  Belle, 
May  24th,  $4,753.04;  Con.  Virginia,  May  26th, 
870,141.59. 


CALIFORNIA. 

AMADOR. 

ael  in   the 

tftofthfl  Phoenix   La  progreeeiDg  ilnt'ly.    Borne 

>  rock  Is  being  extracted     a  raiee  >a  being  made 

(rum  the  1900  to  the  1100  levels,  which,  when  completed, 

irlUeifonlventUaUoa/orUu  L20O-II  tunnel     Th«  mini 

and  mill  have  been  [die  for  I  week,  for  mol  •<(  tlmberi 

resumed  work  on  Saturday  morning,  and  the 

mill  will  be  sUrled  up  tu  aoon  an  there  iit  roek  to  run  on. 

The  contract  in  t i.i  Hew  London  mint  is  finished.  The 
agreement  was  to  clear  out  the  old  shall  t.»  the  depth  ol 
BO  ft  f..r  lioo.  expecting  to  resell  the  bottom  at  that 
depth.  Hut  the  bottom  su  not  there.  Mr.  Hamilton  has 
DOS  given  it  out  by  the  day.  The  old  tunnel  that  run* 
int..  tin-  Snake  iniin-  i.t  being  i.|tii<'.1  It  h.is  . ■  ,-,  ,  .1  in  , -.», 
Hiderably  near  the  mouth,  hut  a  COOple  of  weeks*  work 
will  nee  it  pretty  well  dcWed  "f  debris.  If  quartz  is 
found  al  the  end  of  the  tunnel     anil  report  nays  it  h  there, 

and  worth  $u  j>er  ton— the  Plonot  i"  oompaD]    will  llkels 

set  i  -' I  piios  for  f  .i«_-  claim  from  Ban  Francis  i 

lets.  N't  far  from  thin  tunnel  stands  the  foundation  >■( 
the  "lii  mill,  which  was  destroyed  by  Are  years  ago.    A 

!\v.  w. union  pillirs  are  the  only  relies  left.  Some  party  in 
in  the  habit  of  crushing  and  roasting  very  rich  ore  and 
sulphurcts  obtained  near  this  mill,  Small  pieces  of  quartl 
may  be  picket!  up  Bhowing  free  gold  and  sulphurets. 
Where  did  this  rock  come  from,  is  a  question.  The 
Centennial  mine  and  mill,  on  Dry  creek,  are  both  idle  at 
present.  Several  suits  are  pending  in  the  District  Court 
against  the  company. 

TRYING  To  Cross  TflR  Mot  .stains. —  DUpaUH,  Muy  21:  A 
party  of  eight  men  and  three  women  arc  just  OOW  above 
If  am'*  station,  iii  tliia  county,  where  they  have  been  tem- 
porarily stopped,  in  their  effort  to  cross  the  mountains  to 
llopo  valley,  whither  they  go  (or  rather  wish  to  go)  to 
commence  work  upon  the  Barnes  mine.  When  they  first 
struck  deep  snow  they  commenced  to  shovel  a  roadway 
for  their  teams;  hut  the  task  soon  became  too  much  for 
flu-til,  so  they  concluded  to  build  frlcds.  They  hope,  in 
this  manner,  to  complete  the  trip  without  further  mate- 
rial delay;  but  those  who  are  best  acquainted  with  the 
route,  consider  it  rather  a  hazardous  undertaking,  and 
even  think  it  impossible  to  make  the  trip  before  June. 
At  the  point  reached  with  wagons  the  snow  was  six  or 
seven  ft  deep;  and  there  has  been  considerable  snow  fall 
during  the  last  few  days. 

BUTTE. 

Aboit  GOHOOW.— Mercury,  May  23:  The  mining  opera- 
tions on  the  West  branch  are  unusually  brisk  this  year, 
several  companies  being  at  work.  The  celebrated  Bruce 
claim,  near  the  mouth  of  East  branch,  has  been  put  in 
working  condition,  and  is  yielding  rich  returns.  There  is 
a  quartz  mill  in  course  of  erection  on  the  ledge  known  as 
the  MeConnell  ledge,  situated  at  Yankee  Hill.  It  is  to  be 
water  power,  run  by  water  from  the  Spring  valley  ditch. 
The  mines  in  general  about  Yankee  Hill  have  yielded  fair 
returns  this  spring,  owing  to  the  wot  winter.  The  average 
amount  exchanged  at  SI.  H.  Wells'  store  is  from  10  to  12 
ounces  per  week. 

MINING  Boat  Launched.— The  new  boat  intended  to 
work  the  ground  belonging  to  the  old  Henrietta  mining 
company,  was  launched  Tuesday.  There  were  numerous 
spectators  present,  including  Mr.  Haggerty,  one  of  the 
stockholders  in  the  new  company,  Mr.  Moreau,  inventor 
of  the  machine  with  which  the  boat  is  to  be  equipped, 
and  Mr.  Klostermann,  secretary  of  the  Henrietta  com- 
pany. The  boat  is  100  ft  in  length  by  30  wide,  and  weighs 
in  its  present  condition  130  tons.  When  the  machinery  is 
put  in  position  on  the  craft,  the  combined  weight  of  the 
two  will  aggregate  100  tons.  An  engine  and  boiler  of  125- 
horse  power  has  been  ordered  to  run  the  machinery  with. 
The  latter  has  already  arrived  and  the  former  is  daily  ex- 
pected. This  boat  is  the  most  substantial  one  yet  erected 
for  mining  on  Feather  river.  It  is  well  built  throughout, 
the  timbers  and  planking  being:  of  the  best  Oregon  pine 
and  the  frame-work  is  thoroughly  bolted  together.  It  is 
expected  that  the  boat  will  b«  ready  to  begin  active  opera- 
tions by  the  first  of  next  month.  The  company  owning 
the  vessel  have  leased  considerable  ground  from  the  Hen- 
rietta company,  and  intend  making  the  experiment  pay  if 
such  a  thing  be  possible.  That  they  are  energetic  and 
competent  business  men,  the  enterprise  already  displayed 
by  them  fully  proves,  and  we  fervently  hope  the  gentle- 
men will  strike  the  bonanza  so  generally  believed  to  exist 
in  that  vicinity. 


CALAVERAS. 

Murphy's  Camp. — Chronicle,  May  24:  Herberts  Co.'s 
mine,  located  about  five  miles  south  of  Murphy's,  on  the 
Stanislaus  slope,  is  giving  a  splendid  account  of  itself. 
The  lead  is  from  8  to  14  inches  in  width,  and  "chock  full" 
of  the  precious  metal.  The  company  owning  the  mine 
have  out  a  crushing  of  rock,  which  good  judges  estimate 
will  pay  at  least  §125  per  ton.  The  roek  will  be  crushed 
in  Taylor's  mill.  The  celebrated  Collier  mine,  located  in 
the  same  district,  is  also  being  energetically  and  profit- 
ably worked.  The  mine  is  worked  through  two  tunnels, 
which  have  been  driven  in  on  the  lead  SO  and  140  ft  re- 
spectively. Lead  at  present  about  14  inches  in  width. 
Mr.  Collier  has  a  5-stamp  mill  on  the  mine,  which  is 
kept  steadily  pounding  out  the  precious  ore  day  and, 
night.  A  recent  clean-up,  after  a  short  run,  yielded 
$1,300.  The  "  Christmas  Gift,"  owned  by  Mr.  Corea,  is 
also  proving  a  valuable  piece  of  property.  The  lead  is  a 
wide  one,  and  the  rock  averages  §15  a  ton.  Mr.  Corea 
will  have  out  a  crushing  shortly,  there  being  now  about 
15  tons  on  the  dump. 

Upper  Country  Jots.— McBeth  &  Tennel,  owners  of  a 
promising  lead  ou  the  North  fork,  lately  crushed  17  tons 
of  rock  in  Carlton's  mill  that  paid  $54  a  ton.  Hillery  & 
Reed,  proprietors  of  the  Lone  Star  mine,  are  taking  out 
rich  rock  and  plenty  of  it.  Messrs.  Haskins  and  Hadley, 
proprietors  of  the  well-known  Champion  mine,  at  West 
Point,  have  struck  a  3-ft  ledge  in  the  420  level.  Our  in- 
formant says  that  the  rock  is  the  richest  ever  taken  from 
the  mine.  Porteous  &  Rose,  owners  of  the  "New  Consti- 
tution" mine,  in  Soaproot  gulch,  are  working  away  ener- 
getically and  profitably  on  a  two-ft  vein;  150  cargoes  now 
on  the  dump. 

Outlook. —The  mining  outlook  in  this  county  at  present 
is  very  flattering.  There  iB  plenty  of  water,  and  the  finds 
in  many  places  have  proven  very  profitable.  Prospecting 
companies  are  as  thick  as  flies  in  summer. 

DEL  NORTE. 

Resumed.— Crescent  City  Courier,  May  21:  Work  haB 
been  resumed  on  the  Haynes'  Flat  mining  ditch,  and  the 
prospects  are  good  for  its  speedy  completion.  About  50 
men  are  already  employed  in  executing  the  work, 

EL  DORADO- 

Esperasza  Mink.—  Mountain  Democrat,  May  24:  Our 
latest  advices  from  the  Esperanza  mine,  near  Garden  Val- 
ley, are  to  the  effect  that  the  new  drift  has  been  run  29  ft 
through  the  ledge,  and  no  hanging  wall  yet,  and  it  is  con- 
fidently claimed  that  the  entire  29  ft  will  average  fully  §S 
per  ton.  This  seems  like  a  fabulous  story,  almost  unbe- 
lievable, but  it  comes  well  authenticated  and  with  ample 
corroboration.  It  is  certain  that  nothintr  equal  to  this  has 
ever  before  been  seen  in  El  Dorado  county. 

INYO 

RaxMoSTm.— Independent.  May  17:  We  were  yester- 
day favored  with  a  call  from  George  C.  Potter  and  D. 
Henehaw  Ward,  respectively  President  and  Secretary  of 
the  Rex.  Montis  mining  company,  representing  the  great 
interests  comprised  in  the  Rex  Montis,  the  Independence 
tunnel  and  the  Shawmut  consolidation.  They  left  last 
evening  for  the  mill,  and  will  spend  time  enough  to  thor- 
oughly inspect  all  the  mines  now  working  on  Kearsargc 
mountain.     They  have  settled  all  company  business  and 


•aliened  -dl  of  the  remaining  claims  agminst  the    \ 
Superintendent  Holt  lu*  been  engaged  in  repairing  the 
mill,  and  hu  made  it  as  perfect  as  can    be    Sfttboul    In- 
creaimd  power,  which,  however,  can  readily  be  ol  I 
comparatively  Smell  expense,  b]  increasing   the    pressure 

of  wster  or  putting- in  another  wheel.    A  ihorl  run  was 
made  on  ore  from  the  Inyo  mine,  oi  th< 
neaj  ■  property,  now  being-  wonted  by  Mike  Welch  and 
others.     I  I    the  Bei   Montla 

art*  some 
i  .it'll'  developments,  mads  by  blm  stthi 
work  lu.it  geason. 

MONO 
Vision  Huns.    Standar&,Ha$  94     Thepm  ■ 

paratus  for  the  Mono  mine  will  be  here  In  i  few  days.    As 

,  ■ 
further,  or  to  a  depth  of  000  It,  when  hi  win  again  cross- 
cut    This  will  gi  ■  ■  i'th  under  the  cap  roek  to 
render  the  probability  of  finding  the  ledge  Lh 
mineralized  much  greater   than   on    the  present    level 

M.i no's    .piT.aii'hs    will    hereafter    he    regarded    with    in- 

iv  A.  Goulii,  Superintendent  of  the 
Brooklyn  Contl  arrived  this  morning  and  has  entered  upon 
the  dineharge  of  his  duties,    iiv  Informs  us  that  boisnug 

machinery  is  now  on  the  way,  and  as  S....1I  ;l-  placed  in 
position  the  most  vigorous  prosecution  of  work  for  a  deep 
abaft  will  be  entered  upon.  The  mine  is  in  a  good  loca- 
tion, and,  with  proper  development,  will  soon  00  apj  i 
prominent  plate  in  Hie  list  of  the  paying  Bodies,  Tb 
winze  which  is  being  sunk  from  the  220  to  the  820  level  of 
the  Blackhawk  is  now  down  over  50  ft.  It  has  been  in 
good  ore  all  the  way,  and  the  ledge  has  maintained  a  width 
of  from  three  to  four  it.  The  north  drift  on  the  3*20  level  is 
showing  a  great  improvement  in  the  ledge  over  the  point 
where  first  evil,  wink  in  the  south   drift  it    is  about  the 

Bams.  Superintendent  Ferguson  expects  tu  cut  the  Me- 
OUnton  ledge  in  the  cast  and  the  xosexolte  In  the  west 
crosscut  on  this  level  within  a  short  time.  The  Tioga 
mine  is  said  to  be  improving  every  day,  and  the  knowing 
ones  declare  that  there  is  a  bonanza  in  Bcchtel.  A  rapid 
rise  in  both  these  stocks  within  a  few  days  Is  among  the 
probabilities.  From  the  1st  to  the  19th  of  May,  the  bull- 
ion shipments  from  the  Bodie  mines  amounted  to  $106,- 
455,  Of  which  SM.IOO  was  from  the  Standard, 

Standard.—  Stamford,  May  20:  Principal  interest  Just 
now  is  centered  upon  the  new  ledge  cut  from  the  new 
works,  and  drifted  on  north,  nearly  if  not  quite  200  ft.  It 
bus  gradually  widened  from  15  inches  to  15  ft,  and  pos- 
sibly more,  as  the  hanging  wall  is  not  reached.  The  ore 
is  clean  and  will  average  over  $100  per  ton.  Crosscutting 
on  the  700  level  is  progressing,  with  the  best  of  indica- 
tions; Btringers  of  quartz  rich  in  gold  coming  in,  and  the 
general  formation  favorable  for  a  ledgo  at  no  distant  day. 
Work  is  doing  systematically  at  so  many  different  points 
that  it  is  impossible  to  give  a  detailed  description  in  a 
general  review  of  the  district.  It  is  safe  to  say  that  the 
mine  is  opened  four  years  ahead,  based  on  present  milling 
facilities,  and  this  pertains  to  that  portion  of  the  mine 
above  the  400  level  alone. 

Bourn  Bklvidkhk. — Work  on  this  mine  has  been  pushed 
ahead  with  all  possible  speed.  At  present  the  company  is 
engaged  in  sinking  a  working  shaft,  which  has  reached  a 
depth  of  05  ft.  A  few  dayB  ago  a  ledge  of  day  and  quartz 
was  passed  through.  The  vein  is  about  two  ft  wide  and 
prospects  well  in  gold.  The  shaft  will  be  continued  down 
to  the  depth  of  100  ft,  when  croascuttintr  will  be  com- 
menced toward  the  ledge,  where  very"  important  develop- 
ments may  be  expected. 

Noon  day. —The  north  drift  on  the  200  level  is  195  ft  in 
length,  carryingore  body  as  usual;  winze  therefrom  is  down 
45  ft,  in  good  ore.  The  east  crosscut  north  of  shaft  is  in 
23  ft;  an  18-inch  vein  of  good  ore  was  passed  through. 
The  west  crosscut,  south  of  shaft,  is  in  43  ft.  The  joint 
Bhaft,  on  the  line  of  North  Noonday,  is  down  83  ft.  Ma- 
chinery for  this  shaft  is  all  on  the  ground,  and  building 
under  way.  Ore  enough  only  to  keep  Miners'  mill  run- 
ning, is  being  extracted. 

South  Bi'lwer.— Work  on  the  mine  has  progressed 
favorably.  The  south  drift  from  the  east  crosscut,  on  the 
350  level",  has  been  advanced  10  ft,  making  a  total  length 
of  48  ft.  The  ledge  is  three  ft  wide  of  good  ore.  North 
drift,  on  same  level,  has  been  advanced  15  ft,  making  a 
total  of  29  ft.  The  ledge  in  the  face  is  still  looking  well, 
showing  a  vein  of  ore  two  ft  wide. 

Bclwf.r.—  The  drift  north  on  the  Stonewall  ledge  is  in 
about  00  ft,  with  two  ft  of  rich  ore.  South  drift  is  ex- 
tended about  70  ft;  ledge  tw,o  and  one-half  ft  wide,  and 
looking  well.  This  work  on  the  400  level.  On  the  300 
level,  drift  south  is  in  100  ft;  ledge  three  ft  wide,  of  good 
ore. 

NEVADA. 

Mixing  Notes.—  Foothill  Tiding*:  A  good  clean-up  of 
quartz  from  the  New  Hocky  Bar  has  been  made.  The 
amount  crushed  was  135  loads,  which  yielded  $35  per  load, 
not  including  the  sulphurets,  which,  according  to  their 
assay  value,  will  run  up  the  total  yield  to  $40  per  load. 
The  case  of  the  Rising  Star  and  Eclipse  mining  claims  vs. 
the  B.  M.  Ex.  mining  claim,  which  has  been  pending  in 
the  Land  Office  at  Washington  for  a  long  time  on  an  ap- 
peal from  the  decision  of  the  Sacramento  Land  Office,  has 
been  decided  in  favor  of  the  B.  M.  Ex.  company  and  the 
adverse  claim  dismissed.  The  Planet  gravel  mining  com- 
pany have  levied  an  assessment  of  two  cents  per  share 
ui>on  the  capital  stock,  amounting  to  $1,000.  Now  that 
the  location  of  the  pay  channel  has  been  definitely  ascer- 
tained, the  stockholders  are  quite  buoyant  over  the  pros- 
pects of  the  mine.  The  hydraulic  mining  companies  will 
have  a  long  season  of  washing,  as  the  water  supply  is 
abundant.  Rube  Thomas  is  running  his  hydraulic  dig- 
gings on  the  "Slide"  day  and  night,  making  the  most  of 
the  water  while  it  lasts.  He  is  using  one  pipe  which 
throws  about  140  inches  of  water.  Washing  has  been 
going  on  steadily  for  three  months,  and  a  large  extent  of 
ground  has  been  washed  off.  The  ledge  in  the  Live 
Yankee  is  widening  out  and  growing  richer.  The  Merri- 
ficld  mine  is  an  established  success.  The  buildings,  ma- 
chinery and  underground  workings  are  in  splendid  condi- 
tion. The  ore  body  continues  to  improve  in  size  and  rich- 
ness. Two  clean-ups  have  been  made  within  the  past  30 
days,  the  last  of  which  was  represented  by  a  bar  of  gold 
worth  nearly  $5,000.  The  Smith  mine,  at  the  Half  Mile 
House,  is  looking  better  and  better  every  day.  The  ledge 
is  getting  into  first-class  shape,  and  a  recent  crushing  of 
ore  gave  good  returns.  The  Derbec  gravel  mine  has 
started  up  again,  with  miners'  wages  at  the  old  price,  $3 
per  day.  At  the  El  Capital!  mine,  Gold  Flat,  a  small  force 
of  men  are  now  at  work  sinkingand  timbering  the  incline. 
The  ledge  improves  with  every  ft  it  is  sunk  on.  The 
Knight  of  Malta  has  elected,  President,  Bruce  B.  Lee; 
Secretary,  Charles  W.  Kitts;  Treasurer,  David  Watt; 
Superintendent,  Charles  W.  Smith.  The  shaft  is  114  fc 
deep,  and  will  be  pushed  with  all  possible  speed  to  the 
200  level,  when  regular  drifting  will  be  commenced. 

Rocky  Bar.  Minb.— Grass  Valley  Onion,  May  27:  The 
Rocky  Bar  mining  company  has  purchased  the  engines 
and  hoisting  machinery  of  the  Swiss- American  mine,  and 
will  have  them  put  in  place  over  the  old  Chavanne  shaft, 
for  the  purpose  of  clearing  the  shaft  of  water,  and  through 
which  to  hoist  the  rock  that  will  be  excavated  from  the 
drain  tunnel  that  is  to  be  connected  through  from  the 
Now  York  Hill  ground.  The  work  of  re  timbering  the 
shaft  down  to  water  level  is  nearly  finished,  there  not  be- 
ing as  many  new  timbers  required  as  anticipated.  The 
work  of  opening  up  the  drain  tunnel  is  to  be  pursued  as 
fast  as  circumstances  will  permit.  The  ledge  in  the  mine, 
at  the  new  working  shaft,  is  looking  very  well.  About  60 
loads  of  ore  are  now  on  the  dump,  preparatory  to  another 
crushing  soon  to  be  made  at  Sothern's  mill.  The  company 
has  levied  its  first  assessment  of  10  cents  per  share, 
amounting  to  $2,200,  to  pay  for  the  purchase  of  the 
engines  and  hoisting  machinery. 

PLACER. 

Quartz  Items.—  Herald,  May  24:  The  700  level  of  the 
Crater  mine  is  turning  out  some  very  fine  rock.  At  the 
hoisting  works  there  are  about  100  tons  of  ore  on  the 
dump.  The  mill,  it  is  expected,  will  be  started  up  next 
week.  J.  S.  DaviB  has  leased  the  Eclipse  mill  with  the 
intention  of  running  it  mainly  on  custom  rock.  Shurtleff 
is  taking  some  splendid  rock  out  of  his  mine  on  Duncan 
hill.     The  Tremillan  Bros,  are  taking  out  some  [food  ore 


from  a  ledge  they  are  working  near  the  old  Bellevue. 
Fellow  is  also  yetting  a  fine  prospect  from  a  ledge  in  the 
bum  vicinity,  lirs.  KitUer  itUl  has  men  at  wore  on  her 
ledge  iwar  (,!.■  Crater,  with  g 1  prospects.    Mining  men 

from   Mow   are  coming    to  Auburn,  or   passing   UirOUgh 

Auburn. (or  (henppei   i  mr county  in  a  | 

foci  Kream  Ions  nude 

in   Placer  thia  season,  and  probabl]  men! 

it  is*  being  found  out  that  few  sections  i->>  better  on  capi- 
i  i  ii;  mines  than  old  Planer. 

SIERRA. 

F0UBT     l-'lTV      MiMW.  -.Vi-ifjif.n.  M:iy    24: 

The  Bald  Mountain  El  going  on  In  >."od  stylo,  taking  out 
plentj  ■■(  gold,  and  hiring  a  larh'e  crew.  The  North  F"rk 
i«  working  about  40  men,  and  the  outlook  fur  that  no- 
I  in  persevering  company  is  better  than  ever 
before.  The  gravel  Is  paying  about  $J  to  the  man,  which 
leaves  a  margin  4. \L>r  expenses.  They  aro  running  ahead 
in  the  quarts  ledge,  and  aw  taking  out  Rood  tnilllng  rook, 
with  an  occasional  rich  specimen,  hut  nothing  like  the 
wonderful  pocket  thes  bjuiwlwntheledgewasnrststruck, 
although  tin-  rock  IS  Improving  ill  the  tune  The  South 
Porkcompan]  Is  not  doing  any  thing  as  yet,  hut  will  run 
farther  int..  the  hill  SS  soon  SS  Spring  opens.  It  is  un- 
doubtedly n  good  claim,  or  rather  [f  m  ;i  large  claim  with 

good  ground  in  it.  Sumo  years  SgJO,  whsn  the  Old  Live 
Vankee  tunnel  was  oiMJii,  some  of  the  present  South  Fork 
Domnanj  ran  across  into  the  South  Fork  ground  and  got 
rood  pay.  Thej  started  a  new  tunnel,  and  having  lost 
the  bed  rock,  sunk  down  mid  found  a  deep  channel;  but 
...!>  attempt  to  work  it  has  failed,  owing  to  water.  Last 
fall  the  oompany  returned  to  Its  angina]  purpose,  and  the 
coming  summer  will  see  [South  F"rk  numbered  among  ili«- 
paying  mines     The  Bald  Mountain  Extension  tunnel  is 

going  ahead  at  railroad  sped,  and  ;it  Die  present  rate 
will  he  on  the  company's  ground  within  a  year  ready  to 
prospect.  This  tunnel  is  the  farthest  east,  and  in  running 
directly  into  the  huge  ridge  of  grave]  which  extends  for 

miles  to  the  east,  between  the  North  and  Middle  Yuba. 
This  ridge  has  never  been  prospected  to  the  center  in  any 
place,  and  is  a  field  well  worthy  of  the  attention  of  capi- 
taliflta  The  Oriental  quartz  mill  is  temporarily  shut 
down  for  want  of  wood;  but  the  mine  is  still  Wiir.;  devel 
oped,  with  some  good  rock  in  sight. 

TRINITY. 

Rich  Ckment.  —  Journal,  May  24:  Fred  HSSS  showed 
us  some  fine  sj>ecimcns  of  cement  taken  from  his  claim 
near  Junction  City,  which  were  marvelously  rich.  Specks 
of  gold  are  freely  visible,  contrasting  brightly  with  the 
dark  blue  color  of  the  cement.  The  gold  is  rather  coarser 
in  character  than  the  general  run  of  river  gold,  and  un- 
doubtedly found  its  way  into  the  claim  from  Oregon 
gulch. 

TUOLUMNE. 

Mining  HOTm.~Indep',iideiit,  May  24:  It  is  many 
years  since  mining  has  been  so  vigorously  prosecuted  in 
this  district  as  is  the  case  at  the  present  time.  The  Spring 
Gulch  mine  is  producing  from  its  large  vein,  ore  freely 
speckled  with  gold;  while  at  the  Couauello  and  Live  Oak 
mines  excellent  ore  is  being  taken  out.  The  Louisiana 
mine  is  keeping  the  mill  and  two  arastras  fully  occupied. 
The  Confidence  mill  of  40  stamps,  the  Soulsby,  the  River- 
side and  the  Evans  mills  are  running  all  the  time,  and  the 
milling  power  at  the  lleslep  and  Keltz  mines  is  to  be  in- 
creased, to  crush  more  rapidly  the  large  bodies  of  ore 
opened  out  in  each  of  these  mines.  A  busy  and  prosper- 
ous season  is  anticipated,  and  good  times  looked  for,  both 
for  the  enterprising  capitalist  and  the  industrious  miner. 

NEVADA. 
WASHOE  DISTRICT. 

Belcher.— Gold  Hill  AVtw,  May  2S:  The  main  incline 
has  been  sunk  31  ft  on  the  slope  below  the  2700  level,  and 
the  station  at  that  level  is  now  being  opened  out.  The 
drift  south,  2500  level,  has  been  discontinued  for  the  pres- 
ent to  run  a  crosscut  east  from  a  point  430  ft  south  of  the 
incline.  This  crosscut  is  now  in  20  ft,  the  face  in  quartz 
and  porphyry,  but  it  has  not  yet  reached  the  ledge.  The 
mine  will  be  shut  down  for  24  hours  to  repair  the  V-bob  at 
the  bottom  of  the  vertical  portion  of  the  air  shaft. 

Sierra  Nevada.— Sinking  the  incline  for  the  2400  sta- 
tion. The  work  is  all  to  the  east  of  the  incline,  and  con- 
sequently does  not  strike  the  ore  body  proper.  The  flow 
of  water  is  strong,  125,000  gallons  coming  in  every  24 
hours.  It  is,  however,  readily  handled  since  the  three 
new  pumps  are  in  place  in  the  east  shaft,  and  ire  working 
well.  The  stopes  are  still  being  extended  both  south  and 
west  and  are  showing  a  broad  breast  of  fine  ore.  The 
yield  is  now  65  tons  per  day,  25  tons  more  than  the  Mari- 
posa mill  is  capable  of  reducing. 

Justice.—  The  main  lateral  drift  south,  1550  level,  and 
west  crosscut  No.  1,  same  level,  are  both  in  quartz  giving 
low  assays.  The  Waller  Defeat  shaft  is  yielding  30  tons 
per  day  of  first-class  ore  and  25  tons  per  day  of  second- 
class  ore.  The  stopes  look  well  and  indicate  a  large  body 
of  ore. 

Silver  Hilt,.— The  north  drift,  1100  level,  is  averaging 
about  five  ft  per  day.  The  workings  in  the  southeast  drift 
from  the  new  shaft  in  the  Waller  Defeat  ground  are  yield- 
ing 15  tons  of  good  ore  per  day. 

OrniR.— The  incline  is  being  pushed  down  at  the  rate  of 
two  ft  per  day,  the  bottom  68  ft  below  the  2300  Btation, 
and  has  during  the  week  cut  streaks  of  clay  anil  veins  of 
porphyry  dipping  east.  The  workings  east  from  the  2300 
station  have  reached  a  distance  of  38  ft,  the  face  still  in 
vein  porphyry  showing  streaks  of  quartz.  The  south  drift 
on  the  2100  level,  and  from  the  bottom  of  No.  1  winze,  is 
now  in  110  ft  and  in  good  ore. 

Con.  ViitoisiA.  —The  average  yield  of  the  stopes  for  the 
post  week  has  been  126  tone  per  day  and  §70,141.59  in  bul- 
lion were  shipped  last  Monday  evening.  The  joint  Cali- 
fornia drift  west,  S50  level,  is  making  five  ft  per  day,  the 
face  still  in  hard  porphyry.  Joint  crosscut  No.  1,  1S50 
level,  is  making  throe  ft  per  day,  through  a  lively-looking 
vein  formation,  giving  low  assays. 

California.—  The  stopes  have,  during  the  past  week, 
yielded  an  average  of  180  tons  per  day.  Total  bullion 
shipments  to  date  this  month,  $117,250.43.  Joint  Con. 
crosscut  No.  1,  west.  1850  level,  is  in  63  ft  in  a  fine  vein 
formation,  the  quartz  of  which  yields  low  assayB. 

Union  Con.— The  main  Bouth  drift,  2300  level,  from  the 
Sierra  Nevada  incline,  is  making  three  ft  per  day  along  the 
cast  line  of  the  ledge;  total  length,  165  ft.  It  is  still  en- 
countering a  lively-looking  vein  formation,  carrying  Borne 
water.  The  main  north  drift,  2000  level,  is  in  blasting 
porphyry,  its  face  328  ft  from  the  south  line. 

Con.  Imperial. — The  joint  Alpha  winze  isaveragingfour 
ft  per  day,  in  increased  depth,  and  is  now  down  270  ft,  on 
the  Blope,  below  the  2400  level,  the  bottom  in  quartz  and 
porphyry,  through  which  considerable  water  seeps.  The 
south  drift  to  be  continued  on  to  the  Crown  Point  for  a 
water  drain  has  also  received  its  requisite  attention. 

Mexican.— The  joint  Union  winze  from  the  1000  level  is 
encountering  a  very  strong  flow  of  water,  which  makes 
sinking  verv  slow.  The  bottom  is  besides  in  very  hard 
porphyry;  total  depth,  420  ft,  on  the  slope,  below  the  1600 
level. 

Godld  &  CtRRY.— The  east  drift,  1700  level,  continues  to 
make  good  progress  through  porphyry  and  clay  carrying 
some  water,  its  face  930  ft  from  the  lateral  drift. 

Crown  Point  —Still  drifting  north  on  the  2500  level 
along  the  wall  of  the  ledge.  The  incline  has  reached  the 
2700  level,  and  the  station  there  is  being  cut  out. 

Utaji.— Three  ft  per  day  are  being  added  to  the  depth 
of  the  incline,  which  is  now  544  ft  on  the  slope  below  the 
1350  level.  There  has  been  a  slight  increase  of  water  of  late, 
but  it  is  readily  handled. 

Hale  &  Norcross.—  The  drift  east,  1640  level,  has  con- 
nected with  the  Julia  branch  of  the  Sutro  tunnel.  Total 
length,  203  ft.  «.■.■*. 

Savage.— Ketimbering  the  incline  and  the  north  lateral 
drift,  1600  level.  The  machinery  at  the  Bhaft  continues  to 
receive  needed  attention.  J*n 

North  Bonanza  and  Flowery.— On  the  300  level  the 
crosscut  in  Flowery  was  found  to  have  some  10  or  12  ft 
further  to  go  to  get  to  the  ledge  than  was  supposed.  That 

Continued  on  pa*e  350. 


350 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS 


[May  31,  1879. 


New  Problems  in  Mensuration. 

[Read  before  the  California  Academy  of  Sciences  by  Prof. 
Gborqe  Davidson,  April  7th,  1879.] 

XVII.  Given  the  height,  h',  and  the  diam- 
eter of  the  base,  b',  of  a  solid  cone  (Fig.  XVII), 
to  determine,  in  terms  of  the  given  height  and 
diameter  of  base,  the  consecutive  heights  and 
diameters  of  bases  of  "any  required  number  of 
shell  cones  and  a  central  cone,  having  equal 
volume  with  each  other,  into  which  the 
given  cone  is  to  be  sub-divided. 

To  divide  the  given  cone  into  n  shell  cones 
and  a  central  solid  cone,  let  h'  equal  the  height 
and  b'  the  diameter  of  the  base  of  the  given 
cone;  x,  y,  z  *  *  *  (to — 1),  to,  the  consecutive 
heights,  and  x',  y1,  z',  *  *  *  (w — 1),  w't  the  con- 
secutive diameters  of  the  bases  of  the  required 
shell  cones  and  solid  central  cone;  then 


(n-l)h'3 


<n-l)6'3 


n 

n 

(n~2)M 

,      (»-2)ft'3 
*             n 

etc.,            etc., 

etc.,            etc 

(W-1)3  =2il 

26'3 

(W-— 1)3  = 

?u3  = —          : 

<3      V3 

w3  =  — 

XVIII.  Given  the  heights,  A,  k't  and  the 
diameters  of  the  base,  b,  b',  of  a  shell  cone  with 
parallel  sides  (Fig.  XVII)  to  determine,  in  terms 
of  the  given  heights  and  diameters  of  base,  the 
consecutive  heights  and  diameters  of  base  of 
any  required  number  of  shell  cones  having  equal 
volume  with  each  other,  into  which  the  given 
shell  cone  is  to  be  sub-divided. 

To  divide  the  given  shell  cone  into  n  similar 
shell  cones  of  equal  volume  with  each  other,  let 
h'  equal  the  outer  height,  and  b'  the  outer  diam- 
eter of  the  base;  h  equal  the  inner  height,  and 
b  the  inner  diameter  of  the  base  of  the  given 
cone;  x,  y,  z,  *  *  *  (w — 1),  ?o,  the  consecutive 
heights;  x\  y't  s',  *  *  *  [wr — 1),  wr,  the  consecu- 
tive diameters  of  base  of  the  required  sub-divi- 
sions, both  reckoned  from  ti,  b';  then 


.t3 


]11  j 


(n—\)  b'ZJi'  +  Wh)} 


V  ((n—l)  b'2  A'+62  k 
h    (  n 

h'z  \(n—2)b'^hf  +  2b^h 


yZz=w\ n \ 

,3       b^(  (n—2)  b'2h'+2b2k  \ 
y    "  h!  \  n  ) 


etc. 


etc., 


etc., 


etc. 


(^-D3  =-p-j n j" 


(«/- 


-.„       V    ((2V*h'+(n— 2)W7i) 


ufi 


V  J  b'- 


VlK+{n— l)Wh 


'2  h'  +  {n— 1)62 


} 


XIX.  Having  divided  a  shell  cone  into  any 
number  of  similar  shell  cones  having  equal  vol- 
ume with  each  other,  to  determine  in  terms  of 
the  two  given  heights  and  the  two  diameters  of 
the  base,  the  "consecutive  heights  and  diameters 
of  base  of  any  number  of  similar  shell  cones 
formed  inside  the  given  shell  cone,  each  having 
equal  volume  with  the  sub-divided  shell  cones. 

Suppose  the  given  shell  cone  (Fig.  XIX)  is 
to  be  sub-divided  into  p  similar  shell  cones  of 
equal  volume  with  each  other;  and  that  there 
are  required,  inside  this  shell  cone,  n  similar 
shell  cones  each  having  equal  volume  with  the 
given  sub-divisionB;  then  let  h  equal  the  outer 
height,  and  b'  equal  the  outer  diameter  of  the 
base,  and  n  equal  the  inner  height,  and  6  the 
inner  diameter  of  the  base  of  the  given  shell 
cone;  and  let  x,  y,  z,  *  *  *  (w — 1),  w,  equal  the 
consecutive  heights,  and  x',  y1,  3',  *  *  *  (y/ — 1), 
to',  equal  the  consecutive  diameters  of  the  bases 
of  the  required  sub-divisions,  both  reckoned 
from  h  and  b,  then  the  height  and  diameter  of 
base  of  the  rath  inner  shell  cone  are 


and 


_A2J  {n 
"  W  \ 


+p)  &2  Jt—n  &'2  h? 


11       h    (_ 


+p)  62  A— n  6'2  k' 


P 

XX.  Haying  divided  a  shell  cone  into  any 
number  of  similar  shell  cones  having  equal  vol- 
ume with  each  other,  to  determine,  in  terms  of 
the  two  given  heights  and  the  two  diameters  of 
the  base,  the  consecutive  heights  and  diameters 
of  base  of  any  number  of  similar  shell  cones 
formed  outside  the  given  shell  cone,  each  having 
equal  volume  with  the  sub-divided  shell  qone? 

Suppose  the  given  shell  cone  (Fig.  XX)  is  sub- 
divided into  p  similar  shell  cones  of  equal  vol- 
ume with  each  other;  and  that  there  are  re- 


quired outside  this  shell  cone  n  similar  shell 
cones,  each  having  equal  volume  with  the  given 
sub-divisions;  then  let  h'  equal  the  outer  height, 
and  b'  equal  the  outer  diameter  of  base,  and  h 
equal  the  inner  height,  and  b  the  inner  diameter 
of  base  of  the  given  shell  cone;  and  let  x,  y,  z, 
*  *  *  (to — 1),  w,  equal  the  consecutive  heights, 
and  x't  y',  z',  *  *  *  (to' — 1),  «/,  equal  the  con- 
secutive diameters  of  the  bases  of  the  required 
sub-divisions,  both  reckoned  from  k'  and  &',  then 
the  height  and  the  diameter  of  the  base  of  the 
nth  outer  shell  cone  are, 


3-  W  j 


k'2  j  (n+p)  5'2  li'—n  I 
P 


~\ 


and 


°l=  ir\ 


(n+p)  b'2h'—nb2h\ 
P  \ 


Subterranean  River. — Chas.  Clark,  owner 
of  the  Dutchman  mine  in  Central  district,  re- 
cently found  some  Spanish  broom  growing  on 
the  verge  of  the  desert  which  extends  from 
Quin  River  valley  to  the  Humboldt.  The 
broom,  which  is  a  shrub  that  grows  about  three 
feet  high  and  is  covered  during  the  summer 
season  with  yellow  flowers,  is  considered  by 
miners  a  certain  indication  of  water.  As  there 
was  none  of  that  essential  fluid  within  eight  or 


FIG.  XVIf. 


Santa  Fe's  Sensation. 

The  Cerrillos  mines,  now  attracting  so  much 
attention,  are  located  in  a  low,  isolated  range 
of  mountains  about  20  miles  southwesterly  from 
Santa  Fe  and  between  12  and  14  miles  east  of 
the  Rio  Grande.  The  Cerillos  cover  quite  an 
extensive  area  of  ground,  the  Galisteo  creek 
running  along  its  extreme  southwesterly  bor- 
der. The  formation  is  granite  with  an  occa- 
sional cropping  out  of  sand  and  limestone.  The 
minerals  found  are  silver,  copper,  lead,  iron 
and  coal.  Gold  has  not,  as  yet,  in  the  Cer- 
rillos, been  found  in  any  considerable  quanti- 
ties, although  extensive  placer,  as  well  as  lode 
mines  of  this  mineral  are  successfully  worked  a 
little  to  the  south  and  east.  Mining  in  the 
Cerrillos  has  been  almost  entirely  for  silver, 
and  so  far  as  any  information  of  the  working  of 
the  mines  in  ages  past  can  be  obtained,  with 
large  results. 

It  is  well  known,  historically,  that  after  the 
conquest  of  New  Mexico  by  the  Spaniards,  the 
principal  business  carried  on  by  the  conquerors 
was  that  of  mining,  and  tradition  tells  us  that 
their  receipts  in  that  line  were  enormous. 
Even  the  Indians  were  reduced  to  servitude 
and  compelled  to  do  the  mining.  This  they 
endured  till  the  year  1680,  when  a  general  up- 
rising took  place,  and  the  Spaniards  were  driven 


FIG.   XVIII. 


FIG.  XX.  A01 


NEW    PROBLEMS    IN    MENSURATION. 


ten  miles  of  the  mine,  Clark  commenced  digging 
a  well  right  where  the  shrub  grew.  He  and 
his  assistant  sunk  about  20  feet  below  the  sur- 
face, and  one  evening  about  quitting  time  they 
dug  a  hole  in  the  center  of  the  well  and  broke 
through  a  crust  into  what  they  believe  to  be  a 
subterranean  river,  which  filled  the  well  almost 
immediately  and  compelled  them  to  abandon 
their  tools  and  go  to  the  surface  as  speedily  as 
possible.  The  water  is  said  to  be  as  pure  as 
that  from  mountain  springs,  and  wholly  free 
from  alkali.  This  find  is  of  great  importance, 
not  only  to  the  miners  of  Central  district,  but 
to  the  owners  of  cattle  which  range  on  the 
plains  and  hills  in  the  vicinity. 

New  Process. — Prof.  Mason  recently  ad- 
dressed the  New  York  Bullion  Club  on  the  sub- 
ject of  assaying.  In  the  course  of  his  lecture 
he  explained  a  new  process  for  parting  gold  and 
silver,  which  he  had  introduced  into  the  assay 
office,  and  which  had  saved  the  Government 
about  $100,000  a  year.  In  this  process  sulphu- 
ric acid  was  used  instead  of  nitric  acid,  and  the 
silver  was  precipitated  by  the  introduction  of  a 
piece  of  copper  into  the  matrice.  He  illustrated 
by  actual  experiment.  He  said  that  in  the  old 
process  the  chemicals  were  wasted,  but  by  the 
new  method  the  cost  of  material  was  nearly  all 
saved.  The  gold  and  silver  after  being  assayed 
were  pressed  into  cheeses,  worth  about  $20,000 
and  $9,000  respectively.  He  said  about  $5,000,- 
000  worth  of  gold  was  used  annually  in  the 
arts, 


I  from  the  country.  On  their  return,  some  years 
later,  the  Indians  refused  to  submit  to  their 
rule  except  upon  the  conditions  that  the  mines 
should  not  be  reopened,  and  that  they  should 
never  again  be  deprived  of  their  personal  free- 
dom. These  conditions  were  accepted  and 
kept  in  good  faith,  and  the  consequence  was 
that  the  mines  remained  untouched  during  the 
whole  of  the  subsequent  Spanish  rule.  Many 
of  these  old  mines  are  yet  to  be  seen  in  this 
Territory,  proof  sufficient,  we  think,  not  the 
least  important  of  which  are  the  present  Cer- 
rillos mines.  Unfortunately  for  the  obtaining 
of  any  statistical  information  of  the  working  of 
these  mines,  every  record  that  could  be  found 
at  the  time  of  the  uprising  was  destroyed  by 
the  Indians,  and  some  *20  years  having  elapsed 
before  the  Spaniards  were  enabled  to  again 
fully  establish  themselves,  there  is  therefore 
no  actual  statistical  knowledge  of  the  work- 
ings of  any  single  mine  in  the  Territory, 
although  it  is  a  well-established  fact  that  the 
owners  in  the  aggregate  amassed  from  them  im- 
mensely large  fortunes. 

Some  of  these  old  mines  at  the  Cerrillos  seem 
not  to  have  been  touched  after  abandonment; 
others,  as  if  for  protection,  were  covered  up, 
while  others  that  are  in  the  Territory  are  so 
carefully  concealed  that  it  requires  close  scru- 
tiny to  discover  any  traces  of  them. — Santa  Fe 
Sentinel. 

The  London  Times  says  that  the  recent  spec- 
ulation in  silver  has  partially  if  not  wholly 
ceased. 


Leadville's  Gold. 

No  little  has  recently  been  said  in  the  papers 
about  the  discovery  of  gold  near  Leadville. 
The  locality  of  "the  find"  was  not  first  given, 
but  it  has  now  come  to  light  that  Granite,  18 
miles  from  Leadville,  in  Chaffee  county,  is  the 
location.  This  is  an  old  gold-mining  camp,  and 
it  was  in  one  of  the  old  shafts  that  the  gold  was 
found.  According  to  the  LeadviUe  papers,  the 
mountain  over  which  the  excitement  is  now 
raging  was  worked  for  gold  as  far  back  as  1867, 
and  $750,000  of  the  precious  metal  was  taken 
from  various  shafts  and  tunnels,  having  since 
been  abandoned  as  worked  out.  About  two 
weeks  since  a  party  of  old  gold-miners,  went  to 
Granite,  and  found  there  an  abandoned  tunnel 
130  feet  long,  the  timbers  and  track  of  which 
were  in  an  excellent  state  of  preservation.  The 
idea  struck  them  of  making  an  examination, 
and  they  worked  but  a  short  time  when  they 
came  into  the  vein,  dipping  down  the  hill  from 
where  work  had  been  stopped  by  the  former 
owners,  the  crevice  which  they  had  been  work- 
ing merely  pinching  out  at  this  point.  Of  course 
they  were  elated  over  this  discovery,  and  at 
once  started  out  for  Leadville  to  have  assays 
made  and  determine  whether  or  not  the  tunnel 
had  an  owner.  Diligent  search  was  made,  both 
at  Granite  and  Fairplay,  but  no  record  was 
found  of  the  property,  and .  even  if  there  had 
been  the  lapse  of  time  since  any  work  had  been 
done  on  the  property  would  leave  it  subject  to 
relocation.  This  was  done  at  once,  and  the 
tunnel  christened  the  Mamie. 

The  Reveille  says  the  vein  matter  consists  of 
one-third  clay,  one-third  yellowish  quartz,  and 
one-third  quartz  largely  stained  with  iron.  The 
occasional  free  gold  is  contained  in  the  clay  next  to 
the  walls.  Mr.  Morse,  oftheBank  of  Leadville,  in 
person  took  a  sack  of  samples  of  the  average  vein 
matter,  gave  it  to  Prof.  Fluegger  of  the  St. 
Louis  company,  who  crushed  and  assayed  it, 
after  which  Messrs.  Patrick  &  Bridge,  Prof. 
Hayes,  Thercke  &  Co.  make  assays  from  the 
same  sack.  All  these  assays  ran  from  145  to 
168  ounces  in  gold.  These  are  facts.  There  is 
no  doubt  at  present  that  there  is  a  very  exten- 
sive and  paying  gold  region  between  Granite 
and  Leadville.  The  main  reason  why  these 
diggings  were  abandoned  is,  that  they  were  ex- 
clusively worked  for  free  gold  which  only  occurs 
in  occasional  pockets. 

The  same  paper  makes  the  following  com- 
ments: "Men  of  capital,  or  a  few  strong 
companies  who  will  take  hold  of  these  various 
claims,  can  make  them  highly  remunerative  by 
providing  all  of  the  appliances  necessary  to 
work  to  the  best  advantage,  and  treat  their  own 
ores  by  the  most  improved  machinery  for  sav- 
ing gold.  But  for  the  poor  man,  excepting  the 
adventurous  prospector,  the  district  is  not  en- 
ticing, for  the  very  sufficient  reason  that  min- 
ing in  hard  quartz  is  slow  and  expensive  work, 
calculated  to  touch  the  bottom  of  his  purse  be- 
fore he  can  open  a  mine  to  pay.  This  impres- 
sion may  be  erroneous,  but  it  is  nevertheless 
offered  for  the  sole  purpose  of  warniDg  men  of 
small  means  not  to  rush  off  to  what  appears  to 
promise  a  certain  disappointment,  founded  upon 
the  reasons  just  given.  As  there  are  no  custom 
mills  near  the  mines,  ores  must  be  hauled  either 
to  Leadville  or  Denver,  or  erected  upon  the 
ground,  and  hence  poor  men  cannot  work  to  the 
same  advantage  as  rich.  Still  there  is  an  area 
of  two  miles  square  in  which  are  strong  leads 
outcropping,  which  may  prove  rich  to  the  pros- 
pector willing  to  sell  a  promising  discovery. 
On  the  other  hand,  so  far  as  our  observation 
extended,  no  recent  rich  strikes  have  been 
made,  the  old  claims  furnishing  all  the  free 
gold  quartz  that  has  been  forwarded  to  thiB 
city  for  assay." — Denver   Tribune. 

The  Mimbres  Valley. 

The  Mimbres  valley,  from  the  old  crossing  at 
the  town  of  Lower  Mimbres  up  to  San  Lorenzo, 
is  settling  up  rapidly.  In  traveling  along  the 
river  one  never  loses  sight  of  houses,  and  each 
settler  has  his  few  acre's,  or  larger  tracts  of 
ground,  under  cultivation.  Much  new  land  has 
been  broken  this  year,  new  buildings  are  in 
course  of  erection,  and  upon  every  hand  may  he 
seen  the  evidences  of  thrift  and  prosperity.  The 
valley  is  well  timbered,  and  is  capable  of  sus- 
taining a  much  larger  population  than  it  at  pres- 
ent contains.  At  some  points  the  width  of  bot- 
tom land  capable  of  irrigation  is  fully  equal_to 
that  of  the  Rio  Grande. 

It  is  estimated  that  nearly  3,000  acres  are 
now  under  cultivation  along  the  valley,  the 
greater,  part  of  which  is  in  wheat  and  corn.  The 
yield  is  remarkable,  being  upwards  of  30  bush- 
els to  the  acre  of  the  former  cereal,  and  60 
bushels  to  the  acre  of  the  latter.  Should  no 
unforeseen  accident  occur,  it  is  thought  that  the 
aggregate  product  of  the  present  year  will  reach 
15,000  fanegas  of  wheat,  and  20,000  fanegas  of 
corn.  The  valley,  between  the  points  named, 
is  about  27  miles  in  length,  and  although  the 
river  has  quite  a  heavy  fall  throughout  the  en- 
tire distance,  the  rise  is  so  gradual  as  not  to  he 
perceived  by  a  casual  observer.  The  scenery  is 
varied  in  its  character  and  extremely  beautiful; 
affording  here  and  there  a  distant  view  of  tower- 
ing mountains,  with  broad  stretches  of  grass- 
covered  plain  reaching  down  to  the  very  river 
bank,  and  again,  a  picture  of  the  shady  groves 
and  broad  green  acres  of  the  valley  proper, 
framed  upon  either  side  by  abrupt  foothills 
bearing  the  russet  coat  of  a  bygone  season.  The 
water  of  the  river  is  clear  as  crystal. — Grant  Co, 
(New  Mexico)  Herald, 


May  31,  1879.  | 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


351 


TfjE     EnQINEEF^. 


Locomotive  Performances. 

The  master  mechanic  of  the  Pittsburgh,  Cin- 
cinnati &  St.  I  ."ma  road  gives  the  following 
handsome  showing,  in  regard  to  the  performance 
of  engine  No.  -<»7,  built  at  the  company's  shops, 
and  placed  in  service  December  LOthj  lt>74: 

Up  to  March  3d,  1S78,  the  engine  had  run 
1.178  consecutive  days,  making  an  average  of 
1223*10  miles  per  day,  or  a  total  of  144,*_*26 
miles. 

I   1  Qtfl 

Qott  per  mill  lot  repairs L68 

GoM  per  mile  for  fuel 4.69 

Ooft  per  mile  f<ir  stored 0,87 

Oast  per  mile  (or  engineer  andflrenuto in 

Total  avenge  oosl  per  mile    11.24 

Av.-ra^'i-  niiMil.tr  "f  out  >lr.iwn  per  mile .r>  11 

This  was  accomplished  without  any  repairs 
except  the  curreut  repairs  attending  each  trip, 
hut  a  change  in  the  gauge  of  track  made  it 
necessary  to  change  the  gauge  of  the  wheels, 
and  she  was  taken  into  the  shop  for  that  pur- 
pose after  making  the  above  record.  The 
machinery  was  found  in  good  condition  :uid 
entirely  capable  of  making  another  50,000 
miles. 

A  single  locomotive  on  the  Kansas  Pacific 
recently  hauled  a  train  of  5S  empty  and  15 
loaded  cars,  with  caboose  attached,  from  Ellis 
to  Brookville,  a  distance  of  102  miles,  in  9 
hours  and  30  minutes.  The  monster  locomotive 
"Uncle  Dick,"  described  in  a  late  number  of 
this  paper,  has  already  achieved  distinction  by 
climbing  the  steepest  grade  of  the  mountain 
division  of  the  Atchison,  Topeka  and  Santa  Fe 
railroad,  drawing  22  loaded  cars. 


UsEfdL     I^Or\ffl\XIOM' 


Real  Material  Triumphs. 

The  conquests  of  engineering  skill  over 
natural  obstacles  are  actual,  substantial  tri- 
umphs, from  which  there  never  can  be  any  dis- 
count. 

Architecture,  music,  painting — all  that  adorn 
civilization — are  of  course  well  in  themselves. 
But  neither  of  these,  or  the  terrible  glory  which 
ensanguines  the  path  of  the  military  hero,  can 
compare  in  usefulness  and  permanence  with  the 
achievements  of  modern  engineering. 

Even  a  savage  like  Chief  Joseph  could  compre- 
hend this  fact,  and  when  he  was  asked  if  the 
capitol  at  Washington  did  not  astonish  him,  he 
replied  "no," — he  was  "not  surprised  at  all,  for 
anyone  could  put  up  a  big  pile  of  stones  with  a 
woman  on  top."  But  what  did  fill  him  with 
unutterable  amazement  was  to  see  the  false- 
hearted white  man  throw  a  cobweb  of  iron  over 
the  big  waters,  and  drive  his  steam  wagon  over 
it.  The  first  of  these  structures  that  he  crossed, 
he  wrapped  his  head  in  his  blanket,  expecting 
that  his  last  hour  had  come. 

Even  to  those  accustomed  to  such  feats,  the 
achievements  of  the  past  30  years  in  railroad 
progress  and  engineering  skill  must  seem  like  a 
brilliant,  bewildering  drama. — Railway  Age. 


To  Kkm.ivk  Grkask  am.  Paint  Spots.— The 
icturer  and  Builder  gives  the  following 
useful  hints  under  the  above  head  :  The  treat- 
ment varies  according  to  the  material;  white 
Unen  can  stand  alkaline  lyes,  while  cotton, 
especially  when  colored,  does  not  stand  it  so 
well,  and  wool  or  silk  not  at  all.  To  take  grease 
spots  out  of  linen,  cotton  or  wool,  first  try  soap- 
suds; if  these  do  not  take  them  out  perfectly, 
you  may  use  a  potash  or  soda  lye  for  linens;  for 
wool  it  is  beat  to  use  ammonia,  or  strong  soap- 
suds mixed  with  ammonia.  If  the  grease  spots 
aroprodaced  by  the  drippings  of  a  Btearine  candle, 
which  often  happens,  use  strong  alcohol;  this  is 
also  good  fur  silk;  but  ordinary  grease  cannot 
be  talteu  out  with  alcohol;  it  is  necessary  to  use 
ether  or  benzine,  and  in  any  case  to  rub  carefully 
with  a  clean  rag,  so  as  to  remove  the  dissolved 
grease.  Do  not  (as  we  have  often  noticed  some 
persons  do)  merely  pour  some  benzine  on  the 
grease  spot  and  let  it  dry  up;  if  you  do  not  rub 
it  out  the  whole  operation  is  of  no  use.  Silk 
requires  great  care,  as  also  docs  paper,  and  it 
requires  some  experience  to  become  an  expert. 
One  method,  especially  adapted  for  removing 
grease  spots  from  light-colored  silks  and  valu- 
able papers,  is  to  cover  the  spot  with  pulverized 
magnesia,  chalk,  fuller's  earth,  or  pipe  clay; 
lay  a  paper  over  it  and  then  press  with  a  hot 
iron;  the  heat  will  liquefy  the  grease  and  the 
powder  will  very  readily  absorb  it.  The  yolk 
of  an  egg  and  ox  bile  are  also  recommended  for 
silk,  and  soap  also  when  used  with  care.  In 
regard  to  varnishes,  they  are  usually  soluble 
either  in  turpentine  or  strong  alcohol  of  95°, 
and  more  easily  removed  than  some  oil  paints. 
The  most  obstinate  of  the  latter  is  zinc  white, 
which,  in  combination  with  linseed  oil,  forms  a 
hard  white  crust,  which,  as  it  resists  most  the 
above-mentioned  solvents,  is  very  difficult  to 
dissolve  out  when  it  has  penetrated  into  the 
texture,  and  especially  when  the  material  is 
woolen  cloth. 


The  Importance  of  Straight  Lines  on  Rail- 
roads.— The  importance  of  securing  straight 
lines  for  railroad  tracks  is  fully  shown  by  the  ex- 
pense which  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  Com- 
pany is  willing  to  incur  in  straightening  a  short 
section  of  that  road,  as  will  be  seen  by  the  fol- 
lowing item:  On  April  25th  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad  Company  awarded  contracts  for  the 
graduation  of  a  straight  new  track,  a  little  more 
than  five  miles  in  length,  extending  from  Glen- 
loch  to  Woodbine,  which  is  intended  to  super- 
sede the  existing  line  between  those  points. 
The  proposed  improvement  will  form  part  of 
the  important  work,  gradually  progressing  for 
some  years,  of  straightening  the  eastern  portion 
of  the  Philadelphia  division.  When  completed 
it  will  avoid  or  save  more  than  300°  of  curva- 
ture, but  will  reduce  the  distance  traversed  only 
about  one-sixth  of  a  mile.  When  finished  it 
will  render  useful  service  by  enabling  freight 
locomotives  and  trains  to  avoid  the  difficulties 
and  increased  expenditures  that  grow  out  of  the 
numerous  existing  curves.  In  this  connection 
we  may  remark  that  the  Central  Pacific  rail- 
road is  now  negotiating  for  the  purchase  of  land 
in  Oakland  at  a  cost  of  many  thousands  of  dol- 
lars to  straighten  a  portion  of  their  track,  less 
than  half  a  mile  in  length. 

A  Railroad  from  Europe  to  Central  Asia 
and  India. — The  Grand  Duke  Nicholas  of  Rus- 
sia has  issued  a  pamphlet  urging  .the  speedy 
construction  of  an  Orenburg  Tashkend  railway. 
His  argument  for  this  route,  based  on  that  of 
De  Lesseps  and  Cotard,  is,  in  brief,  as  follows; 
If  a  grand  circle  be  drawn  of  the  globe  between 
London  and  Calcutta,  the  segment  of  it  inter- 
sected between  the  two  cities  goes  through  Am- 
sterdam, then  a  little  south  of  Berlin,  then 
through  Varsow,  through  southern  Russia  to 
the  Caspian  sea,  which  it  cuts  somewhat  above 
44°  of  latitude;  then  through  the  sea  of  Aral, 
proceeds  to  the  east  Samarkand,  cuts  the  Indus 
•about  a  hundred  miles  south  of  its  great  angle, 
and  goes  down  the  valley  of  the  Ganges"  to 
Calcutta.  Russia  is  in  possession  of  the  Asiatic 
part  of  that  shortest  route  to  India.  She  ought 
consequently  to  construct  at  once  the  line  of 
railway  which  most  closely  follows  it — to  wit, 
from  Orenburg  to  Tashkend. 

Vanderbilt's  Tunnel. — The  work  in  the 
tunnel  under  the  Detroit  river  at  Gross  Isle 
was  begun  April  22d,  on  the  Canada  side. 


Covering  for  Boilers,  Steam  Pipes,  Etc. — 
A  French  firm  is  using  a  composition  for  cover- 
ing boilers,  steam  pipes,  and  similar  articles, 
which  is  certainly  cheap  and  said  to  be  very  ef- 
fectual. The  surfaces  are  covered  with  sawdust 
mixed  with  flour  paste.  If  the  paste  is  not  very 
liquid,  the  mixture  being  used  in  the  form  of 
moderately  stiff  dough,  and  the  surfaces  of  the 
boilers  or  pipes  have  been  well  cleaned  from 
grease,  the  adhesion  is  perfect  and  the  material 
is  free  from  cracks.  Five  layers  of  this  com- 
position are  recommended,  each  about  one-fifth 
of  an  inch  thick.  It  is  said  that  one  inch  of 
this  composition  will  give  better  results  than 
double  that  amount  of  the  materials  usually  em- 
ployed. The  paste  is  composed  of  rough  Hour 
without  the  addition  of  starch.  The  mixture 
can  be  applied  with  a  trowel,  and,  if  there  is 
much  exposure,  two  or  three  coatings  of  tar  will 
render  the  composition  impervious  to  water. 
Copper  tubes  should  first  be  treated  to  a  hot 
liquid  solution  of  clay,  so  as  to  increase  the  ad- 
hesion of  the  sawdust. 


To  Bl&OEKN  ZlNG.— A  process  for  chemically 
blackening  zinc  has  been  devised  by  M.  Poacher, 
an  outline  of  which  is  published  in  the  last 
number  of  the  transactions  of  the  Frankfort 
"Phyaisches  Verein."  The  inventor  first  sceurs 
the  zinc  to  be  operated  on  with  tine  sand  aud 
very  dilute  hydrochloric  acid,  and  then  plunges 
it  into  a  solution  of  eijual  parts  of  chlorate  of 
potash  and  sulphate  of  copper  in  36  parts  of 
water.  When  withdrawn,  after  a  short  inter- 
val, it  is  found  to  have  taken  up  a  fine  coating 
uf  velvety  black,  which,  however,  at  this  state 
very  readily  comes  off.  To  insure  its  perma- 
nency, the  zinc  thus  coated  is  quickly  washed 
with  water,  allowed  to  dry,  and  then  plunged 
into  a  weak  solution  of  asphalt  in  benzole.  The 
excess  of  this  fluid  is  allowed  to  drain  oil',  and 
the  color  can  then  be  fixed  by  rubbing  the 
sheet  with  a  cotton  plug.  Zinc  thus  blackened 
is  found  to  b^  particularly  suitable  for  covering 
in  roofing. 

For  Utilizing  Old  and  Waste  Rubber. — 
Messrs.  Danckworth  and  Kohler  have  recently 
patented  the  following  procedure  in  <  lermany: 
The  rubber  waste  is  subjected  to  dry  distilla- 
tion in  an  iron  vessel  over  a  free  fire,  with  the 
aid  of  superheated  steam.  The  product,  when 
thickened  and  vulcanized  in  the  usual  manner, 
is  declared  to  possess  all  the  good  qualities  of 
first-class  natural  rubber.  It  is  recommended 
that  the  lighter  oils  that  come  over  should  be 
separated  from  the  heavier  products. 


To  Tin  Zinc. — Make  a  bath  of  distilled  wa- 
ter, 1  gallon;  pyrophosphate  of  soda,  3^  ounces; 
and  fused  protochloride  of  tin,  i  ounce.  A  thin 
coat  of  tin  can  be  obtained  by  simply  dipping 
the  zinc  in  the  bath,  and  one  of  any  thickness 
by  the  aid  of  the  battery. 


Imitation  Marble. — A  German  glass  com- 
pany near  Freden,  Hanover,  make  imitation  of 
marble  from  glass,  which,  on  account  of  its 
superior  hardness,  is  preferable  for  some  pur- 
poses. They  imitate  marble  tables  and  floor 
slabs. 


Qood   HEV-Tty- 


The  Abuse  oi  Pain.— The  little  nerves  of 
feeling  which  ran  through  all  parts  of  the 
human  body  carry  to  the  brain  intelligence  of 
disaster  and  of  pleasure.  The  evil  messages 
they  bring  are  called  pains.  A  pain  admon- 
ishes us  that  some  injury  is  done  to  a  part  of 
the  body— a  finger  jammed,  a  toe  cut,  an  arm 
burned— or  that  some  part  is  overworked  or  is 
wearied  out,  and  must  have  rest.  The  nerves 
but  do  their  duty,  when  they  report  faithfully 
these  things,  and  our  duty  is  to  do  the  best  we 
can  to  repair  the  mischief  which  caused  the 
nerves  to  report  in  the  way  of  pain.  But  many 
persons  are  annoyed  by  these  evil  messages,  and 
only  seek  to  silence  the  messenger.  The  imme- 
diate call  is  for  something  to  "still  the  pain." 
Fortunately,  the  means  employed  are  sometimes 
such  as  correct  the  evil  at  once,  and  so  put  an 
end  to  the  trouble  reported  by  the  nerves. 
Especially  is  this  the  case  when  cool  water  is 
applied  to  cuts  and  burns— the  relief  and  the 
cure  begin  and  go  on  simultaneously.  The 
same  result  is  usually  attained  when  hot  water 
applieationB(orfomentations)are  made  to  bruises 
and  sharp  pains  of  various  kinds.  Pain,  which 
results  from  overdoing  of  any  kind,  is  most 
reasonably  "stilled"  by  rest — general  rest  of  the 
whole  body,  aud  especially  rest  of  the  over- 
worked part.  Anything  that  tends  to  equalize 
the  circulation  of  the  blood,  or  to  make  all  parts 
of  the  body  comfortably  warm,  and  no  warmer, 
helps  to  set  tho  nerves  at  rest,  or  to  stop  pain 
and  disease.  Not  long  ago  I  saw  a  man  who 
was  suffering  with  a  violent  headache  (a  neu- 
ralgic general  toothache)  furiously  kicking,  first 
with  one  foot  and  then  with  the  other,  working 
to  get  the  blood  from  his  head  to  his  heels,  be- 
cause he  had  found  that  the  most  effectual  way 
to  cure  his  headache.  Cool  applications  to  the 
head,  and  hot  ones  about  the  feet  and  legs 
might  serve  the  same  purpose. 


Flint  Bricks, — Under  the  title  of  "Improve- 
ments in  furnaces  and  other  building  blocks, 
retorts,  crucibles,  and  other  fire-resisting  arti- 
cles "  a  patent  has  recently  been  taken  by  Mr. 
D.  Selwey,  of  Brigend,  Glamorganshire,  for 
bricks  composed  of  pure  flint,  without  the  ad- 
mixture of  alumina  or  any  other  substance  to 
detract  from  the  high  refractory  character  of 
the  material.  The  inventor  treats  the  flints  in 
such  a  manner  as  to  produce  from  them,  when 
in  a  pulverized  condition,  bricks  or  blocks  of 
great  structural  strengh  and  durability,  superior 
in  fire-resisting  properties,  it  is  said,  to  the  best 
descriptions  of  fire-clay  goods.  His  patent  also 
extends  to  the  manufacture  of.  artificial  stone 
for  building  purposes.  The  material  when 
burned  resembles  a  fine-grained  freestone,  and 
is  sufficiently  hard  to  resist  the  action  of  the 
weather.  It  is  in  furnace  work  and  similar  ap- 
plications, however,  that  these  bricks  are  ex- 
pected to  be  most  successful. 


Oatmeal  and  Milk  Diet. 

Why  are  the  Scotch  people,  who  drink  a 
great  deal  of  whisky,  the  best  developed,  phys- 
ically, of  any  of  the  English  race  ? 

According  to  Dr.  Edward  Smith,  who  care- 
fully investigated  this  subject,  their  fine  bodies 
are  in  great  part  the  result  of  their  diet  of  oat- 
meal and  milk.  The  Scotch  women  and  chil- 
dren do  less  factory  work,  and  live  more  out  of 
doors. 

When  the  writer  was  in  Edinburgh,  the  cele- 
brated Dr.  Guthrie  called  his  attention  to  the 
size  of  Scotch  people,  and  to  the  fact  that  the 
average  size  of  their  heads  was  greater  than  that 
of  any  other  nation  in  the  world,  not  excepting 
even  the  English;  and  when  asked  how  he  ac- 
counted for  this,  he  replied  that  he  thought  it 
was  owing  largely  to  their  universal  devotion  to 
oatmeal. 

Indeed,  the  writer  observed  that  the  national 
dish  was  found  upon  the  table  at  almost  every 
meal,  in  the  houses  of  the  rich  as  well  as  the 
poor.  In  the  morning  came  the  mush,  and  in 
the  evening  the  traditional  cake,  about  the  size 
of  the  crown  of  a  hat,  and  a  little  harder  than  a 
sun-dried  brick. 

For  further  confirmation  on  this  important 
question,  let  the  writer  add  that  he  has  found  a 
great  advantage  to  follow  the  daily  use  of  (hon- 
est) brown  bread  and  oatmeal  in  his  family.  A 
child  whose  first  teeth  came  through  in  a  starved 
condition,  so  that  they  began  to  decay  at  once 
and  cause  much  suffering,  is  now  blessed  with 
as  fine  a  set  of  second  cutters  as  any  one  could 
ask,  while  the  general  health  of  all  has  improved. 
In  fact,  we  all  vote  that  we  must  daily  have  our 
brown  bread  and  its  twin-sister  dish  of  oatmeal. 
— Dr.  Holbrook. 


Testing  Oil  by  Electricity. — Among  the 
many  uses  to  which  electricity  is  now  put,  may 
be  mentioned  the  testing  of  oils.  Prof.  Palmi' 
eri,  of  Naples,  well  known  for  his  observations 
in  connection  with  the  eruptions  of  Mount  Ve- 
suvius, has  discovered  that  the  resistance  which 
oils  offer  to  the  passage  of  electricity,  is  in  pro- 
portion to  their  purity.  The  professor  has  con- 
structed an  apparatus  which  "shows,  by  com- 
parison with  pure  olive  oil  as  a  standard,  to  what 
extent  oil  is  adulterated,  for  the  former  is  the 
worst  conductor  of  electricity,  while  adulterated 
oils  have  a  greater  conductivity.  The  apparatus 
also  indicates  other  mixtures,  as,  for  instance, 
an  even  insignificant  addition  of  cotton  in  a  silk 
tissue.       

Oil  Paint.  — A  writer  to  the  English 
Mechanic  says:  The  cheapest  and  best  solution 
I  know  of  I  accidentallytdiscovered,  and  it  may 
be  worth  while  to  tell  how,  though  very  likely 
some  may  know  of  it.  In  trying  experiments 
for  press-copying  some  old  letters,  amongst 
others  I  used  successfully  a  solution  of  one  table- 
spoonful  of  vinegar  and  one  ounce  of  washing 
soda  to  a  half  pint  of  water.  A  little  of  this 
was  spilt  on  the  painted  window-sill  and  in 
wiping  it  up  the  paint  came  entirely  off,  leav- 
ing the  bare  board  quite  clean.  Try  it;  a  gallon 
will  not  cost  50  cents. 


The  Pulse  in  Health  and  Disease. — Every 
person  should  know  how  to  ascertain  the  state 
of  the  pulse  in  health;  then,  by  comparing  it 
with  what  it  is  when  he  is  ailing,  he  may  have 
some  idea  of  the  urgency  of  his  case.  Parents 
should  know  the  healthy  pulse  of  each  child, 
since  now  and  then  a  person  is  born  with  a  pe- 
culiarly slow  or  fast  pulse,  and  the  very  case  in 
hand  may  be  of  such  peculiarity.  An  infant's 
pulse  is  140,  a  child  of  7,  about  80,  and  from 
20  to  60  years  it  is  70  beats  a  minute,  declining 
to  60  at  fourscore.  A  healthful  grown  person 
beats  70  times  in  a  minute,  declining  to  60  at 
fourscore.  At  60,  if  the  pulse  exceeds  70,  there 
is  disease;  the  machine  working  itself  out,  there 
is  a  fever  or  inflammation  somewhere,  and  the 
body  is  feeding  on  itself,  as  in  cousumption, 
when  the  pulse  is  quick. 


Remedy  for  Burns. — White  lead  rubbed  to 
a  paste  in  linseed  oil.  Another  good  remedy  is 
as  follows:  Take  the  best  white  glue  (extra), 
15  ozs. ;  break  it  into  small  pieces,  add  to  it  two 
pints  cold  water,  and  allow  it  to  become  soft. 
Then  melt  it  on  a  water-bath,  add  to  it  two 
fluid  ounces  glycerine  and  six  drachms  carbolic 
acid,  aud  continue  the  heat  on  the  water-bath 
until  a  glossy,  tough  skin  begins  to  form  over 
the  surface  in  the  intervals  of  stirring.  The 
mixture  may  bo  used  at  once,  after  the  glue  is 
melted  aud  the  glycerine  and  carbolic  are  added; 
but  when  time  allows,  it  is  advisable  to  get  rid 
of  a  little  more  of  the  water,  until  the  proper 
point  is  reached.  On  cooling,  this  mixture 
hardens  to  an  elastic  mass,  covered  with  a 
shining  parchment-like  skin,  and  may  be  kept 
for  any  time.  When  using  it,  it  is  placed  for  a 
few  minutes  on  the  water  bath  until  sufficiently 
liquid  for  application.  (It  should  be  quite 
fluid).  Should  it  at  any  time  require  too  high 
a  heat  to  become  fluid,  this  may  be  corrected 
by  adding  a  little  water.  It  is  applied  by 
means  of  a  broad  brush,  and  forms  in  about  two 
minutes  a  shining,  smooth,  flexible  and  nearly 
transparent  skin.  It  may  be  kept  for  any  time, 
without  spoiling,  in  delf  or  earthen  dishes  or 
pots  turned  upside  down. 


New  Theory  Concerning  Fever. — A  series 
of  experiments  have  been  made  by  Dr.  Horatio 
C.  Wood,  Jr.,  of  Philadelphia.  The  expense  of 
the  investigation  is  borne  by  the  Smithsonian 
Institution.  The  experiments  indicate  that  the 
rapid  fall  of  animal  temperature  which  takes 
place  after  section  of  the  spinal  cord,  is  due  to 
paralysis  of  the  coats  of  the  arteries,  causing 
their  expansion;  whence  results  an  increased 
flow  of  blood  to  the  surface  of  the  body,  and  a 
consequent  reduction  of  the  interior  heat. 
Fever,  under  this  theory,  is  a  disturbance  of 
equilibrium  between  the  heat-producing  and  the 
heat-cooling  powers  of  the  body.  The  differ- 
ence of  medical  practice  that  may  result  from 
adopting  the  theory,  can  be  exemplified  by  the 
treatment  it  suggests  for  sun-stroke.  If  the 
patient  is  in  collapse,  the  hot  bath  should  be 
applied;  if  thermic  fever  has  supervened,  the 
cold  both  is  required.  In  the  first  case,  envol- 
oping  with  a  higher  external  temperature  may 
save  life;  in  the  second  case,  cold  surroundings 
may  be  similarly  effective. — N.  T,  Tribune. 


Tobacco  Smoke. — The  authorities  of  several 
German  cities,  says  Chambers*  Journal,  have 
been  seriously  considering  the  evils  resulting 
from  smoking,  now  so  generally  practiced  by 
boys.  In  certain  towns,  the  police  have  been 
ordered  to  forbid  all  boys  under  16  to  smoke  in 
the  streets,  and  a  punishment  by  fine  or  im- 
prisonment is  meted  to  offenders.  It  has  been 
the  testimony  of  several  eminent  physicians 
that  the  too  general  and  excessive  use  of  tobacco 
is  the  main  cause  of  color  blindness,  now  oc- 
casioning such  great  anxiety  from  its"  influence 
upon  railway  and  other  accidents,  aud  also  upon 
military  efficiency. 


Coloring  Matter  of  Hair. — Mr.  H.  C. 
Sorby  has  succeeded  in  extracting  the  coloring 
matter  from  human  hair.  Diluted  sulphuric 
acid  he  found  the  best  solvent;  he  found  that 
there  are  three  coloring  pigments — yellow,  red 
and  black — and  that  all  the  shades  are  produced 
by  the  mixture.  In  pure  golden  yellow  hair 
there  is  only  the  yellow  pigment;  in  red  hair  the 
red  pigment  is  mixed  with  more  or  less  yellow, 
producing  the  various  shades  of  red  and  orange; 
in  dark  hair  the  black  is  always  mixed  with  yel- 
low and  red,  but  the  latter  are  overpowered  by 
the  black;,  and  he  found  that  even  the  blackest 
hair,  such  as  that  of  the  negro,  contains  as  much 
red  pigment  as  the  very  reddest  hair.  He  con- 
cludes from  this,  that  if  in  the  negro  the  black 
pigment  had  not  been  developed,  the  hair  of  all 
negroes  would  not  be  white  or  yellow,  but  as 
fiery  a  red  as  the  reddest  hair  of  an  English- 
man. 


Weak  Eyes.— Bathe  in  soft  water  that  is 
sufficiently  impregnated  with  spirits  of  camphor 
to  be  discernible  to  the  smell;  a  teaspoonful  of 
spirits  of  camphor  to  a  tumbler  of  water.  For 
inflamed  eyes  use  milk  and  camphor,  adding  a 
little  more  of  the  camphor  than  above. — Herald 
of  Health. 


352 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS 


[May  31,  1879. 


i^BfflisBffii 


W.  B.  EWER Senior  Editor. 

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SAN   FRANCISCO: 
Saturday  Morning1,  May   31,   1879. 


TABLE  OP  CONTENTS. 

EDITORIALS.— He  Would  Know  About  the  Corn- 
stock  Felines;  The  Elkins  Improved  Amalgamator;  Na- 
tive Brass;  Ball's  Improved  Dredging  Machine,  345. 
The  Inter-Oceanic  Canal  Eoute,  349-  The  Week; 
Dealing  with  the  Silver  Question;  New  Method  of 
Obtaining  Metallic  Copper;  The  Unemployed  and  the 
Mines,  352.  Operations  of  the  Signal  Service  Bureau 
of  the  Pacific  Coast;  The  Thousand  Wells;  An  Im- 
proved Piston  Packing,  353.  Notices  of  Recent  Pa- 
tents; Important  Real  Estate  Transfer,  356- 

ILLUSTRATIONS.— Elkins  Improved  Gold  Amal- 
gamator, 345.    In  the  Region  of  the  Thousand  Wells, 

*  Echo  Cliffs,  Arizona;  Youse's  Improved  Piston  Packing, 
353. 

CORRESPONDENCE.  —  Occurrence  of  Artesian 
Water,  346. 

MECHANICAL  PROGRESS.-Wood  for  Clock 
Pendulums;  Elevated  Railways  on  a  New  Plan;  Adhe- 
sion of  Mortar;  Bessemer  Steel  Inkstands;  Track-Laying 
by  Machinery;  Cupro-Manganese;  New  Dummy  Car; 
Life-tune  of  a  Locomotive;  Bessemer  Stesl  for  Cutlery, 
347. 

SCIENTIFIC  PROGRESS. —The  World's  Age;Proi 
Tyndall  on  the  Electric  Light;  The  Nobility  of  Science; 
Another  New  Metal;  Telephone  Exchanges;  The  Consti- 
tution of  Meteors;  Dew,  347- 

MINING  STOCK  MARKET.— Sales  at  the  San 
Francisco,  California  and  Pacific  Stock  Boards.  Notices 
of  Assessments,  Meetings  and  Dividends,  348. 

MINING  SUMMARY  from  the  various  counties  of 
California,  Novada,  Arizona  and  Idaho,  349-56. 

THE  ENGINEER.— Locomotive  Performances;  Real 
Material  Triumphs;  The  Importance  of  Straight  Lines 
on  Railroads;  A  Railroad  from  Europe  to  Central  ABia 
and  India,  351. 

USEFUL  INFORMATION.— To  Remove  Grease 
and  Paint  Spots;  Covering  for  Boilers,  Steam  Pipes,  Etc.; 
Flint  Bricks;  Testing  Oil  by  Electricity;  Removing  Paint; 
To  Blacken  Zinc;  For  Utilizing  Old  and  Waste  Rubber; 
To  Tin  Zinc;  Imitation  Marble,  351. 

GOOD  HEALTH.  —  Oatmeal  and  Milk  Diet;  The 
Pulse  in  Health  and  Disease;  Tobacco  Smoke;  The  Abuse 
of  Pain;  Remedy  for  Burns;  New  Theory  Concerning 
Fever;  Coloring  Matter  of  Hair;  Weak  Eyes,  351. 

MISCELLANEOUS.— Strikes  at  Tombstone;  Some 
Thoughts  on  the  Glycogenic  Functions  of  the  Liver;  An 
Old  Settler;  The  Wonderful  Sinks;  Requirements  of  the 
Timber  Culture  Act;  Lumber  and  Lime,  346.  New 
Problems  in  Mensuration;  Subterranean  River;  New 
Process;  Santa  Fts's  Sensation;  Leadville's  Gold;  The 
Mimbres  Valley,  350. 

NEWS  IN  BRIEF  on  page  356  and  other  pages. 

Business  Announcements. 

Hydraulic  Gravel  Elevators,  Joshua  Hendy,  S.  F. 
W.  Bruckner,  Mining  Engineer,  S.  F. 
Burleigh  Rock  Drills  For  Sale. 
Delinquent  Sale— Rocky  Point  M.  Co. 


The  Week. 

Slowly  but  steadily  the  conviction  is  forced 
upon  us  that  the  season  is  advancing,  and  that 
cleaning-up  time  is  at  hand.  Lack  of  water 
will  cause  the  early  closing  down  of  many 
mines,  but  altogether  the  run  for  this  season 
has  been  so  prosperous  and  uninterrupted  that 
few  have  reason  to  complain.  There  is  no 
diminution  of  activity,  but  all  the  mines,  and 
especially  those  which  have  entered  the  home- 
stretch, seem  straining  every  nerve  and  exert- 
ing every  effort  to  keep  themselves  to  the  front 
and  make  a  respectable  showing  at  the  finish. 
Among  the  southern  counties,  Mono  is  becoming 
especially  active.  Bodie  stocks  are  creating  a 
sensation,  and  it  seems  as  if  the  promised 
"bonanza  rise"  is  to  come  through  them  instead 
of  the  Comstocks. 

Inyo,  through  sympathy,  is  coming  to  the 
front,  and  no  doubt  deserves  the  attention  be- 
stowed upon  it.  Siskiyou  has  suffered  in  the 
destruction  of  one  of  her  largest  crushing  mills 
by  fire.  Butte  is  again  indulging  in  the  old 
methods  of  machine  river  bed  working  for  gold, 
and  is  confident  of  success.  From  Colorado  the 
return  wave  of  disgusted  fortune  hunters  dole- 
fully chants  the  requiem  of  Leadville.  The 
"stampede"  reaction — so  familiar  in  California — 
has  fairly  set  in,  and  on  all  sides  the  papers  are 
denouncing  that  heretofore  prospective  paradise 
as  an  unmitigated  fraud.  Utah  plumes  herself 
on  having  attracted  the  attention  of  European 
capital,  and  prophesies  an  immediate  improve- 
ment in  her  mining  industries.  And  finally, 
the  near  approach  of  the  Sutro  drain  to  com- 
pletion has  livened  the  Comstocks,  and  given  a 
brighter  and  more  cheerful  appearance  to  the 
market. 


Dealing  with  the  Silver  Question. 

At  a  time  when  the  status  that  silver  should 
be  permitted  to  occupy  in  the  monetary  system 
of  this  and  other  countries  is  so  engrossing  the 
public  attention,  there  are  a  few  ruling  consid- 
erations that  should  be  kept  well  in  view,  such 
as  the  fact  that  the  aggregate  production  of  the 
royal  metals  is  now  about  equal,  there  being 
little  prospect  that  this  relative  rate  of  increase 
«pill  soon  suffer  violent  disturbance — also,  the 
fact  that  the  value  of  these  metals,  so  long  as 
they  are  to  perform  the  function  of  a  universal 
medium  of  exchange,  can  be  affected  only  tem- 
porarily and  to  a  limited  extent  by  local  legis- 
lation— that  radical  laws  on  this  subject  are 
likely  in  the  end  to  work  only  mischief  to  the 
power  enacting  them,  etc. 

Last  year's  product  of  the  precious  metals 
throughout  the  Far  West  was  nearly  equal,  the 
excess  of  gold  having  amounted  to  less  than  a 
quarter  of  a  million — or,  to  be  exact,  we  give 
the  figures,  gold  §38,956,231,  silver  $38,746,- 
391.  This  covers  all  the  bullion-making  terri- 
tory in  the  United  States,  British  Columbia  and 
a  portion  of  northwestern  Mexico.  During  the 
preceding  two  years  the-  silver  product  of  theBe 
countries  was  a  trifle  larger  than  the  gold,  owing 
to  an  unusually  large  output  of  the-  former 
metal  by  the  Bonanza  mioes  on  the  Comstock 
lode.  But  this  was  an  abnormal  state  of  things 
and  will  not  probably  find  early  repetition,  at 
least  on  the  Comstock  range,  since,  even  though 
other  bonanzas  be  opened  up,  the  tendency 
there  is  to  a  preponderance  of  gold  with  depth 
attained.  What  may  come  of  Leadville  and 
other  silver-yielding  localities  in  Colorado  will 
probably  be  offset  by  the  increased  output  of 
gold  that  may  be  expected  from  the  Black  Hills 
region,  from  the  Snake  River  country  and  from 
the  Bodie  and  other  mining  districts  in  Califor- 
nia. Unless  the  price  of  lead  shall  appreciate 
silver  production  must  continue  restricted  in 
Utah,  and  may  even  suffer  some  curtailment  in 
the  lead-silver  produciDg  districts  of  Colorado 
and  New  Mexico,  as  it  has  already  done  in  Inyo 
county,  California.  While  such  is  the  condi- 
tion and  outlook  of  the  bi-metallic  question  on 
this  coast,  Australia,  Africa  and  Siberia,  the 
other  principal  gold-producing  countries  of  the 
world,  will  undoubtedly  go  on,  as  heretofore, 
turning  out  that  metal  exclusively.  In  so  far 
as  Mexico  and  South  Ameri'ca  are  concerned, 
they  yield  the  royal  metals,  as  a  whole,  in 
about  equal  quantity,  and  should  the  business 
of  mining  in  those  countries  undergo  further 
expansion,  as  it  probably  will,  this  equilibrium 
will  not  be  likely  to  suffer  much  disturbance. 

Look  where  we  will  everything  points  to  a 
maintenance  of  the  present  nearly  equal  pro- 
duction of  gold  and  silver,  arguing  the  fitness 
of  their  joint  retention  as  agents  for  effecting 
exchanges  and  measuring  values.  As  recently, 
so  doubtless  in  former  times,  has  the  monetary 
world  been  perturbed  through  the  discovery  of 
new  and  extensive  mines  of  gold  or  silver,  ex- 
citing fears  of  a  sudden  and  excessive  produc- 
tion of  one  or  other  of  these  metals.  Such  we 
may  suppose  was  the  effect  caused  by  the  dis- 
covery of  the  Mexican  and  the  South  American 
mines,  as  we  know  it  was  in  the  case  of  the  find- 
ing of  gold  in  California  and  Australia  and  of 
silver  in  Nevada.  But  this  increase  of  the 
precious  metals,  while  it  has  stimulated  and 
expanded  many  interests,  has  had  no  seriously 
disquieting  effect,  financial,  commercial  or  in- 
dustrial, being  nothing  more  than  was  required 
by  the  growth  of  business  and  population.  If 
it  has  tended  to  advance  prices,  such  advance 
has  been  gradual-  and  universal,  causing  no  jar 
or  injury  to  business  in  general. 

It  is  apt  to  be  the  case,  too,  that  the  magni- 
tude of  these  discoveries  is  at  the  first  overrated 
and  their  effect  prematurely  discounted.  A 
great  find  of  the  precious  metals  excites  the 
attention  of  mankind  more  than  would  the 
creation  of  a  like  amount  of  wealth  by  other 
means.  The  value  of  the  gold  and  silver  turned 
out  by  the  mines  of  California  during  the  entire 
30  years  they  have  been  worked,  is  small  com- 
pared with  that  of  the  cotton,  the  wheat,  or 
other  of  the  great  cereal  crops  of  the  United 
States.  When  the  Comstock  silver  mines  were 
discovered,  the  most  extravagant  notions  of 
their  wealth  obtained  and,  spreading  abroad, 
produced  uneasiness  everywhere  as  to  the  effect 
this  threatened  deluge  of  silver  might  have  upon 
this  metal  for  currency  purposes. 

It  looks  now  as  if  the  bullion  yield  of  the 
world  promised  to  about  keep  pace  with  the  ex- 
pansion of  its  other  industries;  while  the  even- 
ness with  which  gold  and  silver  are  likely  to  be 
produced  suggests  the  wisdom  of  a  bi-metallic 
policy,  on  our  part  at  least.  If  we  can  induce 
Englandand  all  other  countries  to  adopt  a  similar 
currency  so  much  the  better,  as  this  will  tend 
to  harmonize  the  silver  market  everywhere  and 
create  an  outlet  for  that  metal,  of  which  we  are 
destined  to  continue  the  principal  producers. 

Thirty  years  ago,  when  gold  threatened  to 
largely  predominate,  the  monometallists  of  that 
day  voted  for  its  deposition  as  a  money  metal, 
just  as,  under  reversed  conditions,  they  now 
advocate  the  demonetization  of  silver,  creating 
the  impression  that  they  belong  to  that  class  of 
extremists,  who,  though  honest  enough,  are  too 
easily  alarmed  to  be  safely  trusted.  France, 
with  a  bi-metallic  currency,  is  to-day  notori- 
ously the  most  prosperous  country  in  Europe, 
while  England  and  Germany,  adhering  to  the 
gold  standard  alone,  are  suffering  such  industrial 


depression  as  has  caused  them  to  seriously  con- 
template the  restoration  of  silver  to  its  old 
office. 

Of  the  much  that  is  being  said,  both  in  and 
out  of  Congress,  about  the  free  coinage  of  silver, 
limited  legal  tendership,  increasing  the  value  of 
the  silver  dollar,  subsidiary  currency,  etc.,  a 
great  deal  is,  no  doubt,  inexpedient,  if  not  vi- 
sionary and  mischievous.  It  would  be  to  the 
interest  of  the  people  of  this  coast  to  have  sil- 
ver forced  into  large  use  irrespective  of  the 
agencies  employed  to  effect  that  object.  But 
the  desire  is  not  general  here  that  recourse 
should  be  had  to  other  means  for  accomplishing 
that  end  than  such  as  are  in  entire  consonance 
with  the  public  good.  We  do  not  seek  to  have 
silver  made  a  legal  tender  to  an  unlimited 
amount,  nor  ask  for  its  free  coinage  if  it  is  to 
work  a  benefit  to  us  only  at  the  expense  of  other 
sections  of  the  country.  AgainBt  the  proposi- 
tion to  increase  the  value  of  the  standard  dollar 
from  412£  to  460  grains,  we  would  protest  as 
likely,  if  carried  into  effect,  to  soon  so  depre- 
ciate that  metal  as  to  deprive  it  of  its  money 
function  altogether.  Our  standard  dollar  con- 
tains now  more  silver,  proportionally,  than  the 
five-franc  piece,  of  which  there  are  in  circula- 
tion at  the  present  time  over  $1,000,000,000  in 
Europe.  Compared  with  the  silver  money  of 
the  Old  World  this  is  an  honest  enough  coin,  as 
it  certainly  is  a  very  useful  one.  Our  hard 
money  currency  is  now  in  a  healthful  and  satis- 
factory condition,  and  the  less  tinkering  done 
upon  it  the  better. 

New    Method    of    Obtaining    Metallic 
Copper. 

In  places  where  leaching  is  carried  on  where 
copper  is  obtained  on  a  large  scale  in  a  solution 
from  which  it  has  to  be  precipitated,  it  is 
usually  done  in  a  large  cylindrical  vessel  in 
which  pieces  of  iron  are  placed.  If  not  done  in 
this  way  the  solution  is  placed  in  a  vat  in  the 
bottom  of  which  scrap  iron  is  thrown,  and  there 
left  until  the  iron  precipitates  the  copper  in  a 
metallic  form.  In  these  methods,  the  iron  has 
to  be  removed  before  the  copper  can  be  taken 
out.  The  copper  precipitates  on  the  iron  in  the 
tanks  or  cylindrical  vessels,  in  such  a  manner 
that  it  is  difficult  to  separate  the  metals. 

Cyrus  C.  Bitner,  of  Speuceville,  Nevada 
county,  has  recently  patented  through  the  Min- 
ing and  Scientific  Press  Patent  Agency  a 
novel  method  and  apparatus  for  producing 
metallic  copper  from  its  solution,  to  obviate 
these  difficulties.  It  consists  in  the  employ- 
ment of  a  tank  or  vat  having  a  horizontal  per- 
forated diaphragm  upon  which  is  placed  a 
quantity  of  iron.  This  tank  is  filled  with  a 
solution  of  copper  previously  prepared  from  the 
roasted  ore  in  the  usual  manner.  Through  the 
top  of  this  tank  a  steam  pipe  passes  and  extends 
below  the  diaphragm,  so  that  the  solution  is 
heated  by  this  injected  steam,  and  by  the 
motion  which  its  action  gives  the  deposition  of 
the  copper  is  hardened.  By  means  of  peculiarly 
arranged  slides  the  steam  may  be  admitted 
above  the  diaphragm  through  tubes  in  the  steam 
pipes.  In  Mr.  Bitner's  process  the  chemical 
action  is  the  same  as  formerly,  but  the  details 
of  construction  of  the  tank  and  operation  of  the 
steam,  are  such  as  to  facilitate  the  work. 

The  copper  solution  is  drawn  into  an  oblong 
tank  which  is  provided  with  a  cover,  and 
strengthened  by  supports  and  tie  rods.  Extend- 
ing entirely  across  this  tank,  a  short  distance 
above  the  bottom,  is  a  wooden  grating  or  per- 
forated diaphragm.  In  the  center  of  the  tank 
is  a  square  upright  wooden  tube,  the  bottom  of 
which  is  closed.  Perforations  are  made  at  dif- 
ferent points  in  the  tube,  and  steam  is  injected 
on  the  top  of  said  tube  which  may  pass  out  of 
any  of  the  perforations  which  may  be  open. 
The  lower  perforations  are  under  the  horizontal 
grating,  and  the  steam  ordinarily  passes  out  of 
these  openings,  but  when  it  is  desired  to  allow 
steam  to  come  out  above  the  grating,  the 
operator  has  it  under  control.  This  control  is 
effected  by  slides  fitting  in  dovetail  joints 
formed  by  the  corner  pieces.  These  slides  have 
rubber  faces  and  may  be  slid  up  or  down  as  the 
operator  desires.  As  they  are  slid  up  the  tubes 
are  opened  at  any  desired  point,  and  the  pres- 
sure of  steam  cannot  press  them  out. 

The  scrap  iron  is  thrown  down  on  the  per- 
forated diaphragm  or  grating  and  the  solution 
admitted  to  the  tank.  The  iron  precipitates 
the  copper  in  the  solution,  which  action  is 
facilitated  by  the  heat  furnished  by  the  steam. 
As  the  copper  precipitates  some  of  it  falls  to  the 
bottom  of  the  tank  and  some  of  it  on  the  iron 
or  on  the  grating  in  the  upper  chamber.  After 
the  solution  has  been  drained  off,  by  running 
the  slides  up  and  allowing  the  steam  to  escape 
from  higher  orifices,  the  steam  blows  or  washes 
the  precipitated  copper  from  the  iron  and 
throws  it  to  the  bottom  of  the  tank. 

The  precipitated  copper  may  be  washed  out 
of  the  tank  through  a  suitable  opening,  which  is 
usually  tightly  closed  on  the  outside  by  a  plug 
and  wedge. 

By  this  means  the  copper  is  precipitated  from 
a  solution,  and  it  may  be  removed  from  the  tank 
without  removing  the  iron,  said  iron  being 
cleansed  by  the  steam.  Steam  may  be  turned 
off  at  any  moment  during  the  precipitation  if 
desired.  The  steam  will  agitate  the  solution  in 
such  a  manner  that  the  precipitated  copper  will 
be  washed  rapidly  from  the  iron  and  fall  through 
the  grating  to  the  bottom.  Mr.  Bitner  says  he 
can  precipitate  a  tank  full  in  three  hours.  Cost  i 
of  constructing  apparatus  about  §75.  ' 


The  Unemployed  and  the  Mines. 

The  city  continues  to  swarm  with  men  wholly 
out  of  work,  besides  many  who  are  but  par- 
tially employed  and  poorly  paid.  Having  waited 
through  the  winter  and  spring,  holding  on  in 
hopes  of  a  change  for  the  better,  the  summer 
approaches  without  bringing  these  men  more 
labor  or  improving  their  prospects.  It  becomes, 
indeed,  every  day  more  and  more  evident  that 
if  they  are  to  get  work  or  find  places  where  they 
can  earn  steady  and  even  the  smallest  wages, 
they  will  have  to  seek  them  elsewhere  than  in 
the  city,  the  mineB  affording  them  perhaps  the 
best  openings  for  doiDg  so.  '  We  say  this,  not 
that  the  mines  present  now  anything  very  en- 
ticing to  men  in  search  of  easy  situations  or 
more  than  moderately  good  wages.  There  is 
in  the  mines  at  the  present  day  only  low  prices 
with  small  average  earnings.  To  find  there 
now  paying  claims  open  to  location  is  no  easy 
matter.  Still,  there  is  not  in  the  mining  dis- 
tricts the  same  destitution,  over-crowding  and 
utter  impossibility  of  getting  a  day's  work  and 
earning  an  honest  living  as  in  the  city.  Besides, 
once  out  in  the  country,  men  are  not  so  apt  to 
fall  into  loose  habits  or  have  recourse  to  disre- 
putable shifts  for  getting  along. 

In  leaving  the  city  for  the  mines  it  is  not  best 
as  a  general  thing  for  men  to  go  without  some 
previous  preparation,  nor  should  they  go  wholly 
alone,  especially  where  they  have  had  little  or 
no  experience  in  this  sort  of  life.  We  pointed 
out  a  week  or  two  since  such  sections  of  the 
mining  regions  as  seemed  to  afford  the  best 
openings  for  men  seeking  employment  or  for 
opportunities  to  employ  themselves,  suggesting 
also  a  plan  of  proceedure  that  if  adopted  would 
be  likely  to  facilitate  their  labors  and  tend  to 
insure  for  their  undertakings  a  more  complete 
success. 

That  plan  was  for  laborers  and  parties  of 
small  means,  being  out  of  employment,  or  who, 
for  other  reasons,  might  wish  to  go  to  the  mines 
or  become  interested  in  the  business  of  mining, 
to  combine  their  means,  and  forming  themselves 
into  small  companies,  send  out  into  the  mines 
two  or  three  of  their  number  to  hunt  up  and  se- 
lect there  the  best  locality  they  could  find  for  a 
small  party  to  engage  in  mining,  looking  out  at 
the  same  time  "for  any  chances  they  might  see 
or  hear  of  for  men  to  get  employment  on  wages. 
For  this  service  the  men  best  fitted  by  experi- 
ence and  other  qualifications,  would,  of  course, 
be  selected.  Generally  speaking,  California 
opens  the  best  field  for  working  men  or  others 
possessed  of  but  small  means  to  engage  in  min- 
ing, because  here  the  mines  can  be  reached  at 
least  expense,  while  the  climate  is  healthier, 
living  cheaper,  and  the  facilities  for  starting 
and  carrying  on  the  business  better  than  else- 
where. Then  mining  here  takes  on  a  greater 
variety  of  forms  than  in  any  other  part  of  the 
country.  We  have  in  this  State  a  great  extent 
of  placer  diggings,  some  of  which  require  to  be 
worked  by  drifting,  and  others  by  the  sluice  or 
hydraulic  process.  There  are  here  river  beds 
to  be  laid  bare  and  washed  with  great  quanti- 
ties of  tailings  that  can  be  profitably  re- 
handled,  the  gold-bearing  quartz  veins  abound- 
ing from  one  end  of  the  State  to  the  other. 
The  tailing  deposits  that  would  pay  for  re-wash- 
ing are  found  in  greatest  quantity  in  the  tier  of 
counties  reaching  from  El  Dorado  to  Plumas. 
Tuolumne,  CalaveraB  and  Amador  afford  good 
chances  for  engaging  in  quartz  mining  in  a  small 
way;  though  Siskiyou  presents  perhaps  the  beBt 
opening  for  this  business,  the  disadvantages 
being  that  it  lies  a  good  way  off,  and  can  be 
reached  only  by  long  wagon  transportations 
over  a  high  range  of  mountains.  Still,  it  is  a 
good  county  to  go  to,  being  well  supplied  with 
wood  and  water,  and  possessing  other  mineral 
resources  besides  its  quartz  veins. 

Parties  having  some  considerable  money 
might  repair  to  the  Snake  river  region  with  fair 
chance  of  doing  well;  but  it  is  expensive  get- 
ting there,  while  it  will  cost  at  least  $1,000  to 
inaugurate  a  successful  mining  operation  on 
that  stream.  Mono  county  is  full  of  good  lode 
mines,  but  it  takes  money  to  open  them,  and 
we  fear  the  chances  for  a  poor  man  there  would 
be  none  of  the  best. 

For  washing  the  tailings  so  plentiful  in  the 
more  central  mining  counties,  very  little  money 
for  outfit  is  required,  this  business  being  prose- 
cuted by  means  of  sluices  and  sometimes  with 
only  the  old-fashioned  rocker,  with  which  im- 
plement the  Chinese  manage  often  to  make  good 
wages.  It  is  also  possible  to  start  a  quartz  min- 
ing operation  with  very  little  capital,  the  aras- 
tra  being  in  this  case  used  at  first.  There  is  no 
trouble  in  finding  quartz  almost  anywhere  along 
the  main  gold  belt  of  California  that  will  pay 
five  or  six  dollars  to  the  ton.  With  two  aras- 
tras  that  can  be  built  for  $50,  and  a  horse  or 
mule  to  drive  each  machine,  three  men  can  take 
out  and  crush  four  tons  of  ore  daily.  The  en- 
tire cost  of  an  establishment  of  this  kind,  tools, 
cabin,  etc.,  included,  need  not  exceed  $200  or 
$300,  while  the  daily  net  profit  of  running  it 
would  average  $15  at  least.  Thousands  and 
tens  of  thousands  of  industrious,  temperate, 
frugal  men,  could  in  this  manner  make  small, 
but  sure  and  steady  wages  in  the  gold  fields' of 
this  State,  and  while  doing  this  they  could  get 
hold  of  valuable  mining  properties,  secure  a 
piece  of  land,  make  homes,  and  live  a  healthful, 
free  and  independent  life.  If  only  this  clasB  of 
men  will  take  to  the  mines,  observing  some 
such  method  of  procedure  as  here  suggested, 
they  will  in  the  end  have  abundant  reason  to 
be  satisfied,  and  will  in  most  cases  be  them- 
selves surprised  at  their  own  success. 


May  3it  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


353 


Operations  of  the  Signal  Service  Bureau 
on  the  Pacific  Coast 

"Old  Probabilities "  very  quietly  made  an  ex- 
tended reconnoissance  of  the  Pacific  coast  a  short 
time  ago,  unknown  in  his  modest  incognito  tn 
almost  every  body.  This  happened  in  part  at 
least  from  the  fact  that  the  old  gentleman  is  a 
complicated  personage  It  is  impossible  for  one 
man — the  able  chief  of  the  Signal  Service,  Gen- 
eral Myer — to  attend  to  the  entire  direction  of 
the  Bureau,  and  at  the  same  time  to  all  the  de- 
tails of  studying  and  making  out,  plotting  and 
publishing  the  weather  likelihoods  for  so  large 
an  area  of  the  earth's  surface  as  is  covered  by 
the  United  States.  In  the  general  otliee  at 
Washington  there  are  several  other  persons 
whose  special  duty  it  is  to  take  the  collated 
data,  and  deduce  therefrom  the  probabilities, 
dividing  the  work  between  them. 

One  of  these  persons  is  Lieut.  Robert 
Craig.  Thoroughly  familiarized  with  the  air 
currents,  clouds  and  storms,  they  have  a  roman- 
tic existence,  dwelling  in  a  higher  sphere  (or 
place  then  ordinary   plodding   mortals.     n 


Golden  Gate  agree  in  direction  with  the  course 
of  the  general  atmospheric  current  in  this  lat- 
itude. No  sooner  do  they  reach  the  interior 
valleys  than  their  courses  are  altered  from  the 
northwest  to  southeast  Storms  generally 
more  from  west  to  east  in  the  latitude  of  the 
United  States,  botween  26"  and  75*  north  of  the 
equator.  The  storm  centers  which  affect  the 
North  Pacific  coast  strike  the  same  approaching 
from  the  west,  at  all  points  between  the  par- 
allels mentioned.  The  rain  storms  are  just  as 
likely  as  not  to  strike  the  coast  south  of  San 
Fraucisco,  though  the  majority  strike  it  to  the 
north  of  that  point  Some  of  the  California 
rain  storms  come  here  from  Oregon  and  Wash- 
ington.    What   proportion  originates   north   of 


The  Thousand  Wells. 

Our  engraving  gives  a  glimpse  of  a  very  in- 
teresting region  on  the  Colorado  river  in  north- 
ern Arizona.  It  is,  as  may  be  seen,  a  wild  re- 
gion, the  surface  being  deeply  furrowed  or 
eroded,  as  the  geologists  Bay,  and  shows  the 
work  of  great  grinding  and  wearing  agencies  in 
the  years  agone.  This  piece  of  landscape  in- 
cludes a  few  of  many  remarkable  natural  for- 
mations known  as  the  "thousand  wells."  They 
are  located  on  the  western  Blope  of  the  Echo 
cliffs.     Powell  says  this  slope  is  composed  of 


the  Columbia,  observations  have  not  been  made  1  homogeneous  but  rather  friable  sandstone,  and 

to  show.  tne  rain-water  rills  have  corroded  deep  chan 

The  southerly  winds  of  winter  are  produced  by        ,  .    ,   v  *.  u  1  ,fl 

J    ,         ,  I  *~jTr      c      *    nols,  interrupted  by  many  pot  holes.     After  j 

a  depression — a    low   burometcr — north   of   " 


minds  aud  souls  are  always  traveling  upon 
the  whirlwind  They  rest  upon  the  clouds; 
they  are  unceasingly  sliding  from  one  stratum 
of  the  atmosphere  to  another,  mounting  to 
the  loftiest  nights  of  the  "cerulean  blue," 
and  delighting  above  all  things  in  the  sur- 
prises which  they  are  able  to  create  among 
the  busy  populations,  unable  to  look  beyond 
their  own  horizon.  If  they  can  hurl  upon 
us  (as  is  their  daily  wont),  an  unexpected 
storm  of  wind  or  rain,  it  is  to  them  a 
delectation. 

Worn  and  wearied  finally  by  this  kind  of 
life,  followed  for  many  years  without  re- 
spite, Lieut.  Craig  last  fall  obtained  leave 
of  absence,  and  recuperated  his  bodily  ener- 
gies among  the  nooks  that  furuish  congenial 
surroundings  for  such  a  spirit,  on  the  Pacific 
coast,  along  which  in  the  course  of  three 
or  four  months  he  wandered  from  Lower 
California  to  British  Columbia.  Naturally 
enough  the  spirit  of  Old  Probabilities  made 
its  presence  known  as  Hitting  over  this 
region  to  him  who  toils  on  the  Press.  Our 
interview — or  seance  if  the  reader  likes — 
took  place  at  the  Baldwin  hotel  in  March 
last  Lieut.  Craig  returned  a  few  days  later 
to  Washington,  where,  remounting  the 
tripod,  he  has  since  been  nourishing  the 
scepter  of  Jove  in  the  shape  of  a  crow  quill 
over  his  weather  maps. 

Before  the  Signal  Service  Bureau  was 
organized  this  gentleman  observed  to  us, 
that  very  little  was  known  of  these  areas 
of  low  and  high  pressure  on  an  extensive 
scale.  They  had  never  made  any  simul- 
taneous observations.  Espy  made  some  deduc- 
tions, but  he  drew  simply  a  straight  line — a 
tremendous  trough  representing  low  pressure. 
But  he  did  not  have  the  data  to  work  upon. 
Considering  what  he  had,  he  accomplished  all 
that  could  be  expected. 

The  Signal  Service  observations  are  now 
taken  three  times  a  day  all  over  the  country  at 
the  same  moment.  The  observation  at  7:35  A. 
M.,  Washington  time,  is  taken  simultaneously 
all  around  the  world.  In  remote  outside  regions 
where  there  is  no  telegraphic  communication  the 
results  are  transmitted  by  mail,  and  used  in 
the  course  of  the  year  in  a  more  general  way 
and  with  good  effect.  The  results  of  a  general 
character  are  published  from  time  to  time;  and 
the  more  special  daily,  in  the  printing  office  of 
the  Signal  Service  Bureau.  Every  month  the 
Bureau  prepares  and  publishes  a  monthly  review 
of  the  United  States,  wherein  are  charts, 
giving  the  directions  of  storm  centers. 

Every  storm  that  crosses  our  country  is  noted, 
with  a  short  description  and  charts.  These 
reports  are  familiar  to  many  of  our  readers. 
They  come  out  about  the  middle  of  each  month 
and  may  be  seen  at  all  the  regular  and  volunteer 
signal  offices  on  the  coast,  as  well  as  at  other 
places  where  they  have  been  desired  and 
arranged  for.  There  are  400  or  500  volunteer 
observers  in  the  United  States.  In  return  for 
their  servioes  these  reports  are  sent  to  all 
observers. 

On  the  Pacific  coast  the  extension  of  the 
service  beyond  the  confines  of  California  is  new. 
The  probabilities  for  the  coast  have  not  been 
daily  studied  and  published  until  the  past  year, 
when  regular  offices  were  established  as  far 
north  as  Olympia,  W.  T.  As  both  the  regular 
and  volunteer  offices  have  been  constantly 
multiplying  since,  we  are  unable  to  furnish  a 
complete  list.  Many  thousand  square  miles, 
however,  of  the  Cordilleran  plateau  and  Rocky 
mountain  country  are  not  yet  represented. 

The  mountain  ranges  have  not  such  a  decided 
infl  uenceon  high  and  low  pressure  centers  govern- 
ing the  movements  of  storms,  as  would  be  im- 
agined; in  fact,  very  little,  though  they  have 
great  influence  on  the  storm  itself,  after  it  has 
been  created.  The  high  mountain  ranges  sim- 
ply take  out  all  the  moisture,  which  is  the  fuel 
of  the  storm,  and  keeps  it  going.  As  a  storm 
approaches  the  Sierra  Nevada,  for  example,  the 
rising  of  the  atmospheric  stratum  into  a  colder 
hight,  causes  deposition  in  the  form  of  rain  or 
enow.  Mountains  andvalleys  have  a  gool  deal 
to  do  in  shaping  the  direction  of  the  winds  of 
the  lower  atmosphere,  being  those  with  which 
we  are  acquainted.  Rain  storms  once  generated 
and  moving  in  any  direction  close  to  the  sur- 
face, are  subject  to  deflections  just  like  the 
winds  without  rain. 
It  so  happens  that  the  winds  blowing  into  the 


low  barometer 
while  it  is  high  to  the  southward.  The  rains, 
where  they  occur  on  the  coast  in  summer  time, 
have  the  same  general  direction  of  movement  as 
those  in  the  winter.  The  directions  of  the  wind 
preceding  rain  may  vary  according  to  the  sea- 
son. When,  for  example,  the  wind  here  is 
_  from  the  south  people  say  they  are  certain  to 
Their  \  have^rain. 


shower  these  pot  holes  are  found  filled  with 
water.  There  is  a  place  near  by  the  trail 
which  passes  from  the  mouth  of  Paris  to  the 
province  of  Tusayan  where  there  is  a  collection 

of  these  water-pockets,  known  as  the  thousand 

wells.     These  wells  are   used  by  the  Indians  as 

water  sources  during  their  wanderings,  but  the 

I  chosen  abode   of  the  Indiaus  is   on  the  eastern 


•.*.*;- 


THE     REGION    OP    THE    THOUSAND    WELLS,    ECHO    CLIFFS,    ARIZONA. 


What  brings  the  rainstorms  down  the  coast 
is  not  always  clear.  Sometimes  the  Signal 
Bureau  observers  can  see  certain  indications  of 
causeB  to  make  them  so  move  while  at  others  they 
find  it  impossible  to  explain  why  they  should 
take  that  particular  direction.  The  Oregon 
rain  storms  frequently  take  this  course  nearly 
to  the  southeast,  instead  of  the  normal  course 
directly  to  the  east.  Sometimes  there  is  in  ad- 
vance of  the  normal  movement,  eastward  be- 
yond the  Rocky  mountains,  an  area  of  high 
pressure  which  would  cause  them  to  turn 
southeastward. 

There  are  three  different  storm  belts.  From 
the  equator  to  latitude  25°  or  30°  north,  storms 
move  from  the  southeast  to  the  northwest.  In 
our  latitude  they  move  from  west  to  east. 
North  of  us,  somewhere  in  the  neighborhood  of 
65°  or  70°,  they  begin  to  move  from  the  north- 
east to  the  south- 
west again.  These 
belts  shift  up  and 
down  a  little  ac- 
cording to  the  sea- 
son. Loomis's  Me- 
teorology states  the 
ph  en  omena  an  1 
their  causes.  He 
gives  these  as  the 
prevailing  currents 
all  over  the  globe. 
Generally  speak- 
ing, the  normal  di- 
rection of  the  belt 
current  rules  the 
direction  of  the 
storm  movement; 
but  the  low  pres- 
s  u  r  e  areas  o  r 
storm   centers   are 


YOUSE'S    IMPROVED    PISTON    PACKING. 


slope  of  Echo  cliffs,  where  numerous  Bprings  are 
found  which  are  their  famous  watering  places. 

Making  Silver. — Once  more  the  old  delu- 
sion or  deception  that  gold  and  silver  can  be 
made  by  compounding  other  substances,  has 
been  revived  and  palmed  upon  the  public. 
This  time  the  alchemist  is  a  Dr.  Thomas  Far- 
riss,  of  Mt.  Pleasant,  Ohio,  who  alleges  that  he 
discovered  his  secret  while  at  college.  He  no- 
ticed that  certain  waste  washings  in  the  labora- 
tory had  accidentally  precipitated  a  metallic 
substance,  which,  on  examination,  he  found  to 
be  silver.  For  a  number  of  years  since,  he  has 
been  experimenting  to  produce  this  same  sub- 
stance. He  now  claims  to  have  succeeded,  and 
is  manufacturing  silver  on  a  small  scale  for  the 
benefit  of  his  friends.  The  materials  and  pro- 
cess used  by  him, 
are,  of  course, 
kept  a  profound 
secret.  Without 
doubt  they  will  re- 
main so  —  such 
things  generally 
do.  He  succeeds 
well  with  his  as- 
sistants, and  yet 
they  are  reported 
to  be  utterly  igno- 
rant of  chemistry. 
This  fact  is  calcu- 
1  a  t  e  d  to  attract 
and  impress  the 
ignorant,  but  to 
the  scientific  ob- 
server it  savors 
strongly  of  charla- 
tanry.    If  his    as- 


,i,ll  more  strictly  governing  as  to  details,  while  I  sistants  were  experts,  the  Doctor  would  not  be 

following  themselves  the  movement  of  the  pre-    able  to  use  lunar  caustic,  or  the  so-called  horn 

Our  north  winds  are  sometimes    silver  or  any  other  such  compound,  from  which 


vailing  winds, 
winds  which  follow  a  storm  as  it  passes  away. 
At  other  times  they  are  winds  preceding  what 
is  called  a  high  barometer. 

In  our  next  issue  we  will  take  more  particu- 
lar notice  of  the  movements  of  storm  centers 
common  to  the  regions  along  the  Pacific  coast, 
with  those  of  the  plateau  of  the  Rocky  moun- 
tains and  beyond;  the  philosophy  of  the  dry 
season  on  the  Pacific  coast;  the  nature  of  the 
precipitation  in  the  desert  regions  of  the 
plateau;  exceptional  instances;  and  of  the  in- 
crease of  rainfall  in  certain  parts  since  1849,  etc. 


The  proprietor  of  the  Pullman  car  invention 
reports  that  paper  wheels  have  run  400,000 
miles  under  his  cars  without  repair,  while  the 
average  running  power  of  an  ordinary  wheel  is 
from  55,000  to  60,000  miles. 


it  is  easy  to'make  silver.     It  is  undoubtedly  the 
same  old  story  told  again. 

The  Mechanics'  Fair.— The  coming  Mechan- 
ics' fair  promises  to  be  an  improvement  on  any 
heretofore  held.  Applications  for  space  by  fu- 
ture exhibitors  are  more  numerous  than  ever 
before  so  early  in  the  season.  There  are  new 
features  under  consideration,  which,  if  carried 
out,  will  add  greatly  to  the  attraction  of  the 
coming  fair.  In  view  of  the  increased  require- 
ments of  future  exhibitors,  an  addition  is  being 
made  to  the  pavilion  at  the  end  toward  Mis- 
sion street.  The  interior  arrangements  of  the 
pavilion  generally,  are  also  to  be  changed — even 
to  the  music  stand  and  the  fountain.  The  ma- 
chine space  will  also  be  enlarged  in  expectation 
of  larger  exhibits  of  mining  and  other  machin- 
1  ery. 


An  Improved  Piston  Packing. 

Wc  illustrate  herewitli  an  improved  piston 
packing,  recently  patented  through  the  Minim: 
UJD  >■  n:\!ini  l'i:i --  Patent  Agency  by Sam- 
uel A.  Y/oUBe,  of  Sutter  Creek,  Amador  county. 
The  improvement  is  in  that  class  of  engine 
packiugs  in  which  the  packing  is  effected  by 
the  action  of  steam  under  pressure,  which  is 
allowed  to  enter  the  interior  of  the  piston  at 
each  stroke  and  thus  force  the  rings  out  to  a 
bearing.  It  consists  in  a  novel  combination 
anil  arrangement  of  a  series  of  three  part  exter- 
nal expansible  rings,  upon  an  interior  externally 
Hanged  body,  winch  iB  in  turn  supported  upon 
or  surrounds  the  spider.  This  body  has  circu- 
lar grooves  surrounding  it  centrally  beneath 
each  broad  ring,  and  these  grooves  receive 
steam  through  passages  from  each  end  of  the 
cylinder,  so  that  the  rings  upon  that  side  of  the 
central  Hange  only  will  be  expanded  by  the 
action  of  the  steam  during  the  portion  of  the 
stroke  upon  that  end  of  the  cylinder.  A  pecu- 
liar spring  is  employed  at  the  bottom  of  the 
piston  when  moving  horizontally,  whereby  the 
piston  head  and  follower  are  prevented 
1  from  falling  upon  the  side  of  the  cylinder 
when  running  without  steam,  and  thus  wear- 
ing it  out  of  true. 

A  is  the  piston  head,  B  the  spider,  and  C 
the  body  of  the  piston  which  is  provided 
with  a  central  flange,  D.  The  rings  are 
composed  of  three  parts  each;  a  broad  ring 
which  fits  the  body  of  the  piston,  and  two 
outer  ringB,  G,  which  are  fitted  upon  the 
outside  of  this  inner  ring.  Each  of  these 
rings  is  made  in  a  single  piece  with  one  cut, 
so  as  to  make  them  elastic.  The  body,  C, 
of  the  piston  has  grooves,  fU,  turnedupon 
each  side  of  the  central  flange,  D.  These 
grooves  lie  beneath  the  center  of  the  rings, 
H.  Inner  rings  and  holes,  /,  are  drilled  so 
that  the  grooves,  //,  will  connect  with  sim- 
ilar grooves,  J,  which  are  formed  on  the 
edges  of  the  part,  G.  When  the  follower 
is  in  position  these  grooves,  /,  will  lie 
against  the  head.  A,  and  follower  respec- 
tively. Holes  through  the  head  and  follower 
admit  steam  to  the  grooves,  J,  and  from 
these,  holes,  /,  admit  it  to  the  grooves,  Ht 
in  the  face  of  the  body,  G.  The  ends 
where  the  rings  are  cut  are  made  to  break 
joints  bo  as  not  to  leak  steam,  and  as  the 
inner  ring  has  its  center  over  the  groove,  H, 
the  pressure  will  be  central  and  there  will 
be  no  side  pressure  by  reason  of  the  steam 
being  admitted  beneath  one  side  or  the  other 
of  the  rings.  Before  admitted  centrally  it 
will  be  distributed  equally  outward  from  the 
groove,  which  is  of  advantage  in  steadying 
the  rings  and  equalizing  the  pressure. 
The  flange,  D,  fills  the  cylinder  like  the 
piston  head  and  follower,  and  the  rings  are  thus 
held  in  place,  one  set  upon  each  side  of  this 
flange.  In  the  drawing  one  set  is  shown  in 
place  and  the  other  set  removed  to  show  the 
head.  Steam  being  admitted  to  the  cylinder  it 
will  enter  the  small  holes  upon  that  side  of  the 
piston,  and  passiug  through  the  channel,  Jt 
will  enter  the  holes,  /,  aud  grooves,  H,  thus 
expanding  the  rings  upon  that  side  of  the 
flange,  while  the  rings  upon  the  opposite  side 
will  remain  loose.  The  reverse  action  takes 
place  upon  the  return  of  the  piston.  The  inte- 
rior rings  have  each  a  pin  projecting  from  them, 
and  the  double  outer  rings  have  corresponding 
grooves  which  fit  the  pin,  preventing  the  rings 
from  changing  their  positions. 

In  order  to  support  the  weight  of  the  piston 
and  prevent  its  dropping  on  the  Bide  of  the 
cylinder,  where  it  will  wear  the  cylinder  out  of 
true  when  running  without  steam,  as  in  loco- 
motives, going  down  hill,  a  single  adjustable 
spring  is  fitted  within  the  spider,  as  shown, 
and  it  serves  to  keep  the  piston  head  and  fol- 
lower up  by  its  elastic  ends  resting  upon  the 
body,  G. 

By  this  construction  the  inventor  is  enabled 
to  simplify  the  steam  packing.  It  economizes 
the  steam  employed  by  means  of  the  grooves, 
producing  a  pressure  outwardly  from  the  center 
of  the  rings,  which  equalizes  the  pressure  and 
the  wear.  An  improved  compound  ring  is  pro- 
vided, and  the  wear  of  the  piston  and  cylinder 
is  reduced  to  a  minimum.  The  device  is  simple 
in  construction  and  operation. 

Machinery  for  Arizona. — Mr.  H.  W.  Rioe 
has  just  shipped  from  his  engine  and  boiler 
works,  No.  56  Bluxome  street,  machinery  for  a 
large  saw  mill,  which  is  to  be  erected  in  a  tim- 
ber tract  on  the  mountains  of  that  newly  de- 
veloped country,  Arizona.  The  size  of  the  en- 
gine is  12x24,  and  it  is  one  of  the  finest  ever 
produced  upon  the  Pacific  coast.  It  is  provided 
with  automatic  cut-off  valves  with  latest  im- 
provements in  valve  gear,  piston  rings,  cross- 
head,  guides,  rod  guides,  boxes,  etc.  _  The  boiler 
is  made  of  the  best  material,  and  is  provided 
with  pumps  and  heater  of  best  patterns,  and  all 
that  is  necessary  to  make  it  a  complete  outfit. 
The  boiler  was  tested  on  the  yard  and  is  calcu- 
lated to  develop  fully  40-horse  power.  The 
boiler,  as  well  as  the  engine,  Bhows  that  it  was 
made  by  skillful  and  experienced  workmen. 
San  Francisco  may  justly  be  proud  of  her  me- 
chanical industries,  and  it  is  well  for  our  neigh- 
boring States  and  Territories  that  we  are  able  to 
supply  tbem  with  improved  machinery  as  well 
as  other  manufactured  articles  possessing  quali- 
ties not  to  be  surpassed  by  any  country  in  the. 
world, 


354 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[May  31,  1879. 


TTSTTZR/X"1! ! ! 

IT    PAYS 

Three  to  Four  Per  Cent,  per  day 

—  TO  — 

Cover  Boilers,  Pipes  and  Drums  with 


H.W.  JOHNS*  patent; 


.I^ERIAO'v 


USB 


LIQUID  FAINTS,  RQGFiHG,  B0(UK  COVehMHUS, 

Steam  Packing,  Sheathings,  Fire  Proof  Coatings,  Cements, 

SEND  FOR  SAMPLES,   ILLUSTRATED  PAMPHLET  AND  PRICE   LIST. 

H.W.JOHNS  M'F'G  Co.,  87MAIDEN  LANE,  N.Y. 

PACIFIC  COAST  BRANCH, 

FJtED  M.  YAT111CK,  Manager, 

5  First  Street,  San  IVaricisco. 


WASHINa!  WASHING! 


Prices  Reduced!  Prices  Reduced! 


La  Grande  Laundry, 

13th  Street,  Between  Folsom  and  Howard. 


PRINCIPAL  OFFICE, 

648  Market  Street,   S.  F. 

Office  open  from  7  A.  M.  to  0  p.  M.  Saturdays  to  11  p.  M. 
Washing  called  for  and  delivered  to  any  part  of  the  city 
free  of  charge. 

All  orders  receive  prompt  attention.    For  circular  and 

rice  List  apply  at  the  Office, 

648  Market  St.,  San  Francisco. 


CAUTION 

To  Hydraulic  ft/Elners. 

The  public  generally  and  Hydraulic  Miners  especially 
are  hereby  notified  that  any  parties  making  or  using  the 
contrivance  known  as  the  HOSKIN  DEFLECTOR  will  be 
prosecuted  to  the  full  extent  of  the  law,  said  machine 
having;  been  declared  by  the  U.  S.  Circuit  Court  an  in- 
fringement upon  my  patent,  the 

Bloomfield  Deflecting  Nozzle. 

The  public  are  also  cautioned  against  using  the  I-Ioskin 
Deflector  because  of  its  danger  to  life  and  limb,  this  de 
Vice  having  already  occasioned  several  deaths  and  other 
erious  accidents.  The  ELOOMFIELD  DEFLECTOR  is 
entirely  safe,  its  two  and  a  half  years  use  without  acci- 
dent, as  well  as  its  construction,  proves  it  to  be  a  reliable 
contrivance. 

Any  parties  wishing  to  purchase  the  right  to  use  these 
Deflectors  can  do  so  by  applying  to  the  undersigned, 

HENRY  C.  PERKINS, 
North  Bloomfield,  Nevada  Co.,  Cal.,  Octo- 
ber 1st,  1878. 


CARROLTON 
Wa?£t£ng  P&pers 

Notes,  Letters,  Legals  and  Foolscaps,  all  weights. 
The  best  CHEAP  Paper  in  the  World. 

H.  S.  CROCKER  &  CO. 


R 


m 


This  elegant  and  spa 
cious  S.  F.  Restaurant 
has  been  re-opened  with 
superior  hill  of  fare  dai- 

Good  Living  at 
Reduced  Prices 

ly,  and  is  now  the  best 
andmoat  popular  dicing 
saloon  on  this  Coast. 
[Lunch  ready  at  10  a.  m.1  Resident  business  men  and  visi- 
tors from  abroad  will  be  wise  in  giving  this  place  an  early 
oall.    Examine        of  fare  and  prices. 

HERMAN  H.  HORST,  Prop'r. 


218  S&issome  St. 


Mining     Books. 

Orders   for    Mining   and   Scientific  Books  in    general 
Will  be  supplied  through  this  office  at  published  rates. 


Tlie  Best  is  tlie  Cheapest 

Averill  Mixed 

Put  up  in  Quantities  to 
Suit,  of  any  Shade  or 
Color,  and  sold  by  the 
Gallon. 

SEND  FOR  SAMPLE  CARDS  AND  PRICE  LISTS  TO 

O.   S.   ORRICK,  General  Agent, 


NO.    329    MARKET    STREET, 


Opposite    Front    Street, 


San   Francisco,    Cal, 


RUSSELL'S  AMALGAMATOR. 


Patented*' June  25  ch 


S^"^IE    YOTTIR,    GOLD 
And    Also    SAVE    YOUR    QUICKSILVER. 

The  above  Washer  and  Amalgamator  with  new  patent  Wire  Bridge  Quicksilver  Boxes  attached,  can  be  worked 
wet  or  dry,  either  by  hand,  steam,  horse  or  water  power,  and  is  easily  taken  apart  and  packed.  For  washing  Pulp, 
Earth,  Gravel,  Mill  Tailings  or  Black  Sand,  it  is  without  a  rival. 

Has  been  Thoroughly  Tested  and  given  Complete  Satisfaction. 

The  entire  Lining,  Hanging  Plates,  Riffles  and  Boxes  Amalgamated 

IS    GUARANTEED    TO   SAVE    THE    FINEST    OR     FLOAT    GOLD. 

Capacity,  30  to  60  tons  per  day,  according  to  size.    For  further  particulars  apply  to 

J.  MORIZIO,  Gen'l  Agt.. 

Room  24,  Safe  Deposit  Building,  Corner  Montgomery  and  California  Streets,    SAN  FRANCISCO. 


SAVE    YOUR    GOLD! 


Highly  important  to  Miners  and  Quartz  Mill  Men! 

SILVER    PLATED    AMALGAMATING    PLATES. 

The  best  process  yet  discovered  for  saving  iine  or  float  gold.  Extensively  used  with  great 
success  in  gravel  and  placer  mining  in  various  parts  of  the  Pacific  Coast.  Over  five  hundred 
orders  have  been  filled,  and  the  demand  is  constantly  increasing.  A  large  number  of  these  Plates 
were  sent  to  Snake  River  mines,  Idaho,  last  year,  and  a  great  many  orders  are  being  filled  for 
them  this  season.  Circulars  containing  full  instructions  for  working  these  Plates  sent  with  each 
order.  Old  Mining  Plates  bought  or  taken  in  exchange  for  new  Silver  Plated  Plates,  and  full 
value  allowed.  Gold  extracted  from  old  Plates  at  a  moderate  cost  by  a  new  and  economical  pro- 
cess.    Old  Plates  (which  often  contain  a  surplus  of  gold  above  the  cost  of  plating)  can  be  re-plated. 

With  the  most  extensive  facilities  on  the  Pacific  Const,  orders  can  be  filled  very  promptly 
and  satisfaction  guaranteed. 

Mining"  Men  and  the  public  generally  are  cautioned  against  unprincipled  and  irre- 
sponsible parties  traveling  through  the  country,  endeavoring  to  secure  orders  for  very 
inferior  qualities  of  Silver  Plated  Mining  Plates. 

SAN  FRANCISCO  GOLD,  SILVER,  NICKEL  AND  COPPER  PLATING  WORKS, 

Nos.   653  and  655  Mission  Street,   San  Francisco,   Cal. 
EDWARD    G.    DENNISTON, PROPRIETOR. 


In  consequence  of  spurious  imitations  of 

LEA    AND     PERRINS'    SAUCE, 

■which  are  calculated  to  deceive  the  Public,  Lea  and  Perrins 
have  adopted  A  NE  W  LABEL,  .bearing  their  Signature, 
thus, 


&>(. 


'U^tot** 


which  is  placed  on  every  bottle  of  WORCESTERSHIRE 
SA  UCE,  and  ■without  which  none  is  genuine.  ' 

AsiforLEA  &>  PERRINS'  Sauce,  and  see  Name  on  Wrapper,  Label,  Bottle  and  Stopper. 
Wholesale  and  for  Export  by  the  Proprietors,  Worcester  ;  Crosse  and  Blacltwell,  London* 
&c,  &c;  and  by  Grocers  and  Oilmen  throughout  the  World. 

To  be  obtained  of  CROSS  &  CO..  San  Francisco. 


£gg&        DR.    LIBBEY, 

^S&S?  DENTIST, 

N.   W.   Corner  Kearny  and  Geary  Streets, 
Entrance  on  Geary  Streeet,         SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL 


FOK  SALE.—  16-horse  Engine  8-inch  by  18-inch 
bore,  with  20-horse  boiler.  Hot  water  pump.  Every- 
thing necessary  to  set  it  to  running.  Price,  §1,000.  At 
Jackson's  Agricultural  Machino  Works,  S.  E.  corner  6th 
and  BluxomeSta.,  San  Francisco. 


PETERSON  &  0LSS0N, 
MODEL    MAHEES. 

INVENTORS 

Will  find  it  to  their  advantage  to  call  on  us  at  328  BUSH 
STREET,  bet.  Montgomery  and  Kearny  (up-stairs,)_S.  F, 


Take  the  Paper  that  stands  by  your  in- 
terests. 


hiiM  hirectory. 


Vr'M.    BARTLING.  HENRY    KIMBALL 

BARTLING    &    KIMBALL, 
BOOKBINDERS, 

Paper  Rulers  &  Blank  Book  Manufacturers, 
505  Clay  Street/southweet  corner  Sansonie), 

SAN   FRANCISCO. 


San  Francisco  Cordage  Company. 

Established    1856. 

We  have  just  added  a  large  amount  of  new  machinery  of 
the  latest  and  most  improved  kind,  and  are  again  prepared 
to  fill  orders  for  Rope  of  any  special  lengths  and  sizes.  Con- 
stantly on  hand  a  large  stock  of  Manila  Rope,  all  sizes; 
Tarred  Manila  Rope;  Hay  Rope;  Whole  Line,  etc  ,  ete 
TUBBS  &  CO., 
611  and  613  Front  Street,  San  Francisco 


JOHN    A.    CHURCH, 
MINING    ENGINEER, 

COLUMBUS,  OHIO. 

C.    L.   GILLER, 
SEAL    ENGRAVER    AND    DIE    SINKER, 

No.  430  MONTGOMERY  STREET,  S.  F. 

The  best  Work  done  on  the  most  reasonable  terms  on 
the  Coast. 


BOESCH'S   PATENT 

Hydraulic,   Mining  and  Locomotive  Head 
Lights.    The  Best  and  Cheapest. 

Pacific    Lamp   and    Reflector    Factory, 

569  MISSION  ST.,  SAN  FRANCISCO. 

Boswell  Fruit  Drier. 

Operated  by  Deflected  Heat. 

STANDARD    SIZE, 

Capacity,  500  lbs, 
PRICE,  $75. 

A  Cheap  and  handy  Prying 
Machine,  within  the  reach"  of 
every  farmer  and  fruit-raiBer, 
with  which  they  can  dry  their 
own  fruits  at  home,  without 
extra  help  and  at  very  smalt 
expense  Fruit  can  be  taken 
dead  ripe  and  successfully^ 
dried  in  the  Boswell,  because 
the  atmosphere  in  which  it  is 
dried  isheated  by  deflected 

HEAT  AND  RETAINS  ALL  THE  OXYGEN  IN  ITS  PURE  STATE, 

which  is  as  essential  for  preserving  the  fruit  as  for  its  growth 
a  id  maturity  on  the  true;  besidea,  the  entire  nutriment  and 
flavor  are  retained.   Fruit  dried  in  the  Boswell  will  gain  from 

20    TO    40    PER.    CENT.    IN    "WEIGHT    and    30    PER    CENT.  Itf  I 

quality  over  any  other  method.        Also, 

COMMERCIAL    DRIERS, 

With  capacity  for  drying  from  1,000  to  4,000  POUNDS,  at 
special  rates.        Also 

Boswell's  Heater,  Cooker  and  Drier 

Combined  for  family  use.    And 

Boswell's  Pure  Air  Heater, 

In  cabinet,  iron  or  marble  case,  any  size,  for  heating  public 
Buildings,  Hotels,  Halls,  School  Houses,  Churches,  Hoapi- 
tals.  Railroad  Cars,  Stores,  Offices,  Private  Residences,  etc. 
Will  heat  evenly  the  entire  building  with  pure  air,  and 
with  one-third  the  quantity  of  fuel  required  in  any  other 
Heater.        Send  for  price  list  and  circulars  to  the 

BOSWELL  PURE  AIR  HEATER  CO.,      ] 

No.  606  Montgomery  Street,  San  Francisco. 

""ARTESIAN 

AND 

SURFACE 

Well-Boring 

TOOLS. 

Manufactured  by  the 

Rust  Well  Auger 

COMPANY, 
OF   MACON,    MO. 

AUGERS  and  DRILLS  from  best  wrought 
iron  and  steel.  Shafting  is  2-inch  gas  pipo* 
Couplings  are  round  plugs  fitted  inside  tho 
pipe.  Drills  fitted  for  rope  or  pole.  All 
tools  warranted,  and  sold  for  lesa  money 
than  can  be  got  elsewhere. 
Bend  for  Circular.  O.    RUST,  Macon,  Mo, 


May  31,  1879.J 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


355 


(Hetalllirgy  and  Ore?. 


Nevada    Metallurgical    Works, 

No.  23    STEVENSON  STREET. 
.War  First  and  Market  Street* 

Orea  worked  by  any  process. 

Ores  sampled. 

Ajwayino  in  all  its  branches. 

Analysis  of  Ores,  Minerals,  Waters,  etc 

Working  tests  made. 

Plans  furnishod  for  the  most  suitable  process 
lor  working  Ores. 

Special   attention   paid   to    Examinations   of 
Mines;  plans  and  reports  furnished. 
E.  HTJHN. 

C.  A.  LUCKHARDT, 
Mining  Engineers  and  Metallurgists 

JOHN  TAYLOR  &  CO., 

Importers  of  and  Dealers  in 

ASSAYERS'  MATERIALS, 

CHEMICAL  APPARATUS  AND  CHEMICALS,  DRUG- 
GISTS' GLASSWARE  AND  SUNDRIES,  Etc. 

512  &  518  Washington  St.,  San  Francisco 

We  would  call  the  special  attention  of  Assay  era,  Chem- 
ists, Mining  Companies,  Milling  Companies,  Prospectors, 
etc.,  to  our  stock  of  Clay  Crucibles,  M utiles.  Dry  Cups, 
etc.,  manufactured  hy  the  Patent  Plumbago  Cruci- 
ble Co.,  of  London,  England,  for  which  we  have 
been  made  Sole  Agents  jor  the  Pacific  Coast.  Circulars 
with  prices  will  be  sent  upon  application. 

Also,  to  our  large  and  well  adapted  stock  of 

Assayers"  Materials  &  Chemical  Apparatus, 

Having  been  engaged   in  furnishing  these  supplies  since 
the  first  discovery  of  mines  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 

tSTOar  Gold  and  Silver  Tables,  showing  the  value  per 
ounce  Troy  at  different  degrees  of  fineness,  and  valuable 
tables  for  compulation  of  assays  in  grains  and  grammes, 
will  be  sent  free  upon  application. 

JOHN    TAYLOR    &    CO. 


LEOPOLD   KUH, 

(Formerly  of  the  U.  S.  Branch  Mint,  S.  F.) 

Assayer   and    Metallurgical    Chemist, 

No.  611  COMMERCIAL  STREET, 
(Between  Montgomery  and  Kearny,) 

San  Francisco,  Cal. 

OTTOKAR  HOFMANN, 
METALLURGIST  and  MINING  ENGINEER, 

415  Mission  St.,  bet.  First  and  Fremont  Streets, 
SAN    FRANCISCO. 
£3TErcction  of  Leaching   Works  a  Specialty. 
fl3TL.caching  Tests  made. 


The   Miners'    Assay   Office, 

N.   E.   Corner  of  the   Plaza, 
PRESCOTT,      .---       ARIZONA. 

Assays  of  Silver,  31.50.    Gold  and  Silver,   §2.    Other  Ores 
at  corresponding  rates.     All  assays  guaranteed. 

Gold  and  Silver  melted  into  Bars.     Working  Tests  made. 
jtSTMinca  examined,  salus  negotiated,  etc. 

W.  H.   WILLISCRAFT, 
P.  O.  Box  153.  Prescott,  Arizona. 

TKOS.  PRICE'S 

Assay    Office    arid    Chemical 
Laboratory, 

524  Sacramento  St.,  S.  P. 


6.  F.  Dbetken.  Wm.  E.  Smith, 

PIONEER  REDUCTION  WORKS, 

Channel  Street,  off  foot  of  Fourth,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Highest  price  paid  for  Sulphurets,  Arseniurets,  Tellurides 
and  Gold  Ores  generally. 

Careful  attention  paid  to  practical  working  tests  on  a 
large  scale  of  Gold-bearing  Quartz  and  ores  of  a  refractory 
and  aulphureted  nature. 

Will  examine,  report  on,  and  survey  mining  properties. 


METALLURGICAL   WORKS, 

STRONG    &    CO.,   10  Stevenson   Street, 

ORES  SAMPLED,  TESTED,  ASSAYED. 


GUIDO     KUSTEL, 
MINING  ENGINEER  and  METALLURGIST. 

P.    O     Address:    ALAMEDA,     CAL. 

PACIFIC    POWER    CO. 

Room  with  steam  power  to  let  in  the 
Pacific  Power  Co.'s  new  brick  building, 
Stevenson  street,  near  Market.  Eleva- 
tor in  building.  Apply  at  the  Com- 
pany's office,  314  California  street. 


tatept? 


OBTAINED  IN   U.  S.    AND    FOREIGN 

COUNTRIES;  trademarks,  Labels  and  copy- 
rights registered  through  DEWEY  &  CO.'S 
Mining  and  Scientific  Phess  Patent 
Agency,  San  Francisco.  Send  for  free  circular 


ELECTRIC   LIGHT. 

BRUSH     PATENT. 
The  Best,  Cheapest,  Cleanest,  and  Most  Powerful  Light  in  the  World, 

In  daily  use'at  the  Palace  Hotel  and  the  Union  Iron  Works.  S.  F. 


Parties  desiring  Electric  Light  for  Halls,  Shops,  Docks,  Mills, 
Streets  and  Mines,  are  invited  to  send  us  full  particulars  regarding 
the  buildings,  rooms  or  places  to  be  lighted,  including  dimensions, 
character  of  walls  and  ceilings,  amount  of  available  power  and  its 
location,  amount  of  light  now  used,  character  of  work  being  done, 
length  of  time  light  will  be  needed  continuously,  etc. 

With  these  items  before  us,  we  will  make  a  proposition  to  furnish 
a  COMPLETE  OUTFIT  OF  ELECTRIC  LIGHT,  put  it  in  perfect 
working  order  and  guarantee  its  success  and  permanence.     Address  all  communications, 

S.  F.  TELEGRAPH  SUPPLY  CO., 

WM.    KERR,    President, 

San   Francisco,   Cal 


Ingersoll  Rock  Drills. 


In  use  in   the    largest   and  best 
Mines  of  the  Coast. 

HAS    AUTOMATIC  FEED. 

Has  less  Repairs. 

Is  Lighter  and  more  Easily  Ad- 
justed than  any  other  Drill. 
Our  DRY  AIR  COMPRESSORS  are  the  most  Economical  Compressors  in  the  Market. 

MINERS'  HORSE-POWER. 

This  Power  is  especially  adapted  to  working  mines,  hoiat 
ing  coal  or  building  material,  etc.  It  will  do  the  work  of  a 
Steam  Engine  with  one-tenth  the  expense.  One  Horse  ca 
easily  hoist  over  1,000  pounds  at  a  depth  of  500  feet. 
.  The  Power  is  mainly  built  of  wrought  iron,  and  cannot  be 
affected  by  exposure.  The  hoisting-drum  is  thrown  out  of 
gear  by  the  lever,  while  the  load  is  held  in  place  with  a  brake 
by  the  man  tending  bucket.  The  frame  of  the  Power  is 
bolted  to  bed-timbers,  thus  avoiding  all  frame  work.  When 
required  theBe  Powers  are  made  in  sections  for  packing, 

REYNOLDS,   RIX   &  CO.,  18  &  20   Fremont  St.,  San  Francisco. 


SANDERSON  BROS.  &  CO.'S 

Best  Refined.  Oast-Steel. 

Warranted  Most  Superior  for  Drills,  Hammers,  Etc. 

A  full  and   complete  stock  of  this  reliable  and  well-known 
brand  of  Steel,  for  mining  and  other  uses,  now  in  stock  and  for  sale 

At  No.  417  Market  St.,  S.  F.,  -   H.  D.  Morris,  Agent. 


FRANCIS  SMITH  &  CO., 


<s> 


Manufacturers  of 


Q-  THE    PATENT    CHANNEL  IRON    WHEELBARROWS.  m 

^>*  THE  STRONGEST  BARROW  MADE.    These  Barrows  are  made  by  Superior  Workmen,  and  ~ ^ 

^^  of  the  best  material.     All  sizes  kept  constantly  on  hand.  — _ 

SE  SHEET   IRON    PIPE.  |§ 

t  Lap-Welded  Pipe,  all  Sizes,  from  Three  to  Six  Inches.    Artesian  Well  Pipe.  SS 

Also,  Galvanized  Iron  Boilers,  fK.m  25  to  IOO  Gallons. 

LU  Iron  Cut,  Punched,  and  Formed  for  making  Pipe  on  ground,  where  required.   All  klndB  of  Toola  ^^ 

LjlJ  supplied  for  making  Pipes.    Estimates  given  when  required.     Are  prepared  for  coating  all  size  of  ■""■ 

■^»  Pipes  with  a  composition  of  Coal  Tar  and  Asphaltum.  :z*'0 

co  Office  and  Manufactory,  130  Beale  Street,  San  Francisco.  J"7"1 


Machinery. 


J.  Thomson.  c.  II.  Evans 

THOMSON   &   EVANS, 

(8uocetton  to  Thohqoh  a.  Pareul)] 

Engineers  and  Machinists. 


Steam  Pumps.  Steam  Engines,  Hoisting, 

Pumping,  Quartz  Mill,  Mining.  Saw 

Mill   Machinery,   Specialties. 

Dansaiid  Specifications  lor  Machinery  furnished.    Re- 
pairing promptlj  attended  to. 

110  &  112  Beale  St.,  San  Francisco. 


rff-  %  STEAM  ENCINES,,   "^- 

BEKRY  &i>iACE, 

—  SAN  FRANCISCO,!  AL.--^- 

-  CIRCULARS  SCNX  TREE  TO  ALL.- 


THE  IMPROVED  O'HARRA 

OHLORIDIZING  FUKNACE. 

Patented  Sept.  10th,  187S. 

Now  in  Operation  at  the  Extra  Mining  Co.'s 
Works,  Copper  City,  Shasta  Co.,  Cal. 

Two  men  and  two  cords  of  wood  roast 

Forty  Tons  of  Ore  in  Twenty-four  Hours, 

Giving  a  full  chlorinatiun  (100%)  at  a  cost  of  30  cents  per 
on.    Address, 

O'HARRA    &    FERGUSON, 
Furnaceville,  Shasta  Co.,  Cal 
Or  CHAS.  W.  CRANE,  Agent, 

Room  10,  Safe  Deposit  Building,  San  FranciBco. 

J,  S.  PHILLIPS,  m.  e., 

Consulting  Engineer  §  Metallurgist, 
Examiner  of  Mines  and  Assayer, 

702    CALIFORNIA     STREET, 
Author  of—  *  m  .  -  San  Francisco. 

The  Explorers',  Miners'  and  Metallurgists'  Companion, 

G72  pages,  83  Illustrations.  (2d  Edition.)    Price $  10  50 

The  Prospector's  "Wee  Pet  "  Assayer,  (Patented) 100  00 

The  Testing  Machine  for  Gold,  Silver,  Lead,  etc 40  00 

The  "Little  'Wonder"  Self-calculating  Sample  and 

Button  Weigher,  (Patented) 25  00 

Blow-pipists'  Pocket  Laboratory  of  Tools,  Fluxes,  etc.    50  00 

Vest  Pocket  Blowpipe 3  00 

CHARGES.— Assaying,  S3;  Testing,  §2perraetaL 

Assaying  and  Testing  Taught. 


WANTED-$10,000. 

For  310,000  cash  In  hand  I  will  give  a  one-half  interest 
in  the  BLUE  JAY  and  ELEPHANT  QUARTZ  mines, 
situated  in  the  French  Creek  Mining  District,  Siskiyou 
County,  Cat.  And  I  will  take  or  give  a  lease  on  said 
mines,  and  pay  or  receive  eight  per  cent,  on  the  amount 
invested.  For  further  particulars  apply  to  H.  C.  Cory, 
Etna  Mills,  Siskiyou  County,  California. 


San   Francisco   Pioneer   Screen   Works 

J.  W.  QUICK,  Manufacturer, 

Several  first  premiums  received 
for  Quartz  Mill  Screens,  and  Per- 
forated  Sheet  Metals  of  every 
description.  I  would  call  special 
attention  to  my  SLOT  CUT  and 
SLOT  PUNCHED  SCREENS, 
which  are  attracting  much  at- 
tention and  giving  universal 
satisfaction.  This  is  the  only 
establishment  on  the  coast  de- 
voted exclusively  to  the  manufac- 
ture of  Screens.  Mill  owners  UBing  Battery  Screens  exten- 
sively can  contract  for  large  supplies  at  favorable  rates. 
Orders  solicited  and  promptly  attended  to. 

32  Fremont  Street.  San  Francisco. 


F.  MOORECROFT, 

Ston©  Seal  Eagravor, 

THURLOW    BLOCK, 

Room  38,  126  Kearny  St.,  Cor.  Sutter,  San  Francisco. 

Coats  of  Arms,  Crests,  Monograms  and  Ma* 
sonic  Inscriptions  Carefully  Engraved. 


Dewey  &  Co  {To2mestt.1  Patent  Ag'ts 


356 


MINING    AND 


SCIENTIFIC 


PRESS. 


[May  31,   1879. 


Continued  from  page  349. 


in  North  Bonanza  ground  was  nearer  the  ledge  than  was 
Bupposed,  so  that  some  ore  has  been  disclosed  in  it. 

North  Con.  Virginia.— Sinking  is  making  about  two  ft 
per  day  during  the  time  that  the  work  of  putting  in  new 
guides  and  fitting  the  shaft  for  use  of  skeets  is  going  on. 
The  bottom  is  72  ft  below  the  1700  level.  ' 

Alta.—  Running  both  north  and  south  from  the  station 
on  the  1750  level  at  the  bottom  of  the  joint  Benton  incline 
winze,  preparatory  to  crosscucting  on  that  level. 
ESMERALDA  DISTRICT. 

A  General  Prospecting  Shaft.— H era Id,  May  24:  The 
committee  appointed  by  the  citizens  on  the  2d  of  this 
month  to  examine  the  various  locations  in  this  mining 
district,  and  to  report  and  recommend  the  most  suitable 
place  to  sink  a  shaft,  request  us  to  state  that  they  have 
secured  the  best  piece  of  ground  in  this  section,  and  also 
that  every  arrangement  is  nearly  completed  to  the  early 
carrying  out  of  the  proposed  project.  We  expect  soon  to 
be  able  to  give  the  full  particulars  in  regard  to  the  exact 
location  of  the  ground  selected,  and  all  other  desired  in- 
formation in  connection  with  the  movement. 
EUREKA  DISTRICT. 

Eureka  Con.— Sentinel,  May  25:  The  following  work 
has  been  done  in  the  several  levels:  5th,  the  east  drift 
has  been  continued  28  ft,  and  iB  now  in  114  ft;  7th  level, 
the  northwest  drift  has  been  continued  50  ft,  and  is  now 
in  100  ft;  11th,  the  west  drift  has  been  continued  45  ft 
from  the  ore  chamber;  13th,  the  east  drift  has  been  con- 
tinued 19  ft,  and  is  now  in  77  ft.  The  west  drift  has  been 
continued  16  ft,  and  is  now  in  80  ft.  The  incline  has  been 
sunk  21  ft,  and  is  now  down  405  ft  below  the  station. 

Hamburg. — West  crosscut,  600  level,  has  been  advanced 
12  ft,  making  a  total  of  312  ft.  The  rock  in  the  face  is 
considerably  harder  than  usual,  but  blasts  well.  East 
crosscut,  600  level,  is  now  in  54  ft.  The  cross  vein  fol- 
lowed is  now  running  nearly  southeast,  which  they  hope 
will  soon  lead  to  the  main  north  and  south  vein.  They 
have  shipped  to  the  Richmond  furnaces,  during  the  week, 
57  tons  of  first-class  ore.  Have  found  some  very  rich  ore 
near  the  old  Hamburg  shaft,  about  20  ft  from  the  Burface, 
which  gives  every  indication  of  opening  into  a  consider- 
able body. 

Fourth  of  July. — The  north  drift  from  the  cave  above 
the  lower  tunnel  level  has  been  advanced  22  ft,  following 
the  vein  which  shows  a  large  mass  of  iron,  low-grade  ore 
and  about  two  ft  of  extra  good  ore  in  the  footwall  of  the 
vein. 

GOOD  HOPE  DISTRICT. 

Jottings. — Silver  State,  May  25:  The  mines  here  are 
looking  well.  The  ledge  in  the  Aurora  has  widened  out 
considerably  of  late  and  the  prospect  for  a  paying  mine  is 
more  flattering  than  ever.  From  the  U.  &  1.  mine  some 
exceedingly  rich  ruby  ore  is  being  extracted,  exceeding  in 
value  the  samples  recently  tested  in  Salt  Lake  City.  Work 
in  the  Buckeye  progresses  slowly,  the  rock  becoming 
harder  as  the  drift  is  advanced.  A  rich  ledge  was  recently 
discovered  in  the  district  and  will  be  worked  this  season. 
All  of  the  men  in  camp  feel  greatly  encouraged  by  the 
late  developments. 

Blue  Jay  Ore.— Messrs.  Bradley  &  Hunter  have  brought 
several  sacks  of  ore  to  town  from  the  Blue  Jay  mine  in 
Silver  State  district,  for  the  purpose  of  shipping  it  to  Salt 
Lake  to  have  it  worked.  They  expect  it  to  work  not  less 
than  $500  to  the  ton. 

PARADISE  DISTRICT. 

Spring  City. — Jirporter,  May  24:  The  Paradise  com- 
pany is  doing  nothing  outside  of  running  a  prospect 
tunnel.  It  has  sufficient  ore  on  its  dumps  to  run  the  new 
mill  several  months.  The  Bullion  mine  has  suspended 
for  the  present.  The  Big  Prize  company  is  taking  out  ore 
and  shipping  it  to  Torrey's  mill.  The  Gulch  claim  is  being 
opened  rapidly,  and  is  showing  some  fine  ore.  The  Mount 
Rose  company  is  opening  its  mine  by  running  in  its  lower 
tunnel,  which  is  now  in  65  ft,  showing  indications  of  get- 
ting ore  soon.  The  camp  is  very  dull  at  present,  but  good 
times  are  looked  for  soon. 

ARIZONA. 

Oao  Blanco. — Cor.  Citizen,  May  23:  Oro  Blanco  min" 
ing  district  is  still  in  statu  quo.  The  warm  weather  has* 
in  a  measure,  retarded  work.  Mr.  J.  H.  Haskell  has  em" 
ployed  a  number  of  men  to  sink  on  Borne  mines  located  by 
Mr.  J.  M.  Kirkpatrick,  and  situated  about  five  miles 
northerly  from  the  Ostrich  mill.  Three  mines  there  are 
to  be  developed  at  once  to  a  depth  of  150  ft,  the  work  to 
he  prosecuted  with  true  California  vigor;  no  rest  day  or 
night.  The  mines  are  reported  to  average  well,  with  large 
quantities  of  ore  of  sufficiently  high  grade  to  pay  well  for 
milling.  The  district  needs  a  mill  for  reducing  silver  ore. 
Such  would  be  equally  beneficial  to  mill  owners  and  min- 
ers. Large  quantities  of  ore  are  now  on  the  various 
dumps,  and  the  mine  owners  are  virtually  prohibited,  by 
want  of  means,  ftom  further  developing  their  mines, 
whereas  if  a  mill  was  in  operation,  the  ore  is  rich  enough 
in  many  instances  to  pay  all  expenses  of  working  and  yield 
a  handsome  profit  besides.  Messrs.  Haraszthyand  Smith, 
on  their  California  and  Monitor  claims,  have  ore  ranging 
from  §100  to  §1,800  per  ton,  hut  without  a  mill  their 
dumps  represent  only  so  much  rock,  they  having  no  facili- 
ties wherewith  to  extract  the  precious  metal.  Messrs. 
Flood,  Kirkpatrick  &  Co.,  and  many  others,  are  similarlj' 
situated.  The  Ostrich  mill  is  at  present  only  fitted  up  to 
put  through  gold  rock,  and  while  the  owners  and  the  en- 
terprising lessee,  Mr.  Hogg,  realize  the  importance  of  hav- 
ing silver  reduction  works  attached  to  their  mill,  and  the 
financial  benefits  that  would  accrue  themselves  thereby, 
they  feel  that  at  present  they  do  not  have  the  means  to 
warrant  the  necessary  very  heavy  outlay.  The  Arivaca 
mill,  which  intends  to  employ  the  lixiviation  process,  is 
working  but  slowly  to  that  end,  and  five  or  six  months 
will  probably  elapse  before  they  will  be  prepared  to  re- 
ceive silver  ore. 

IDAHO. 

Notes.— }Vortd,  May  23:  Henry  Van  Horn  is  about  to 
make  the  transfer  of  his  entire  interest  in  the  Yellow 
Jacket  mine  to  a  San  Francisco  company  for  a  good  round 
sum— the  exact  amount  is  not  known.  "The  company  will 
erect  a  40-stamp  mill  as  soon  aa  the  transfer  is  made.  A 
very  large  Bilver  mine  has  been  discovered  on  the  South 
fork  of  Salmon  river,  30  miles  southeast  of  Challis,  Lemhi 
county,  by  Mr.  H.  Lester  and  others.  It  has  been  located 
for  two  miles,  and  a  roaij  is  being  built  to  it.  It  is 
thought  that  the  discovery  will  lead  to  the  opening  up  of 
another  important  mining  district.  Messrs.  George 
Brown,  Edward  Carr  and  William  Tucker  are  at  work  on 
the  Buzz  Fuzz  mine,  discovered  by  them  this  side  of  the 
Elk  Horn.  As  far  as  the  ledge  is  developed  it  is  a  foot  wide 
and  the  ore  worth  §25  to  §30  per  ton.  The  rock  is  of  a 
white  character,  and  contaius  some  antimony.  A  Tusca- 
roan  in  Bonanza  City  writes  that  the  snow  is  atill  very 
deep  in  that  vicinity.  Scores  of  miners  are  arriving  there 
and  at  Challis  daily,  and  when  the  snow  melts,  many  of 
them  will  be  employed  to  work  on  the  claims  located  and 
partially  developed  last  fall.  Money  ia  plentiful  and  Bo- 
nanza City  will  be  the  liveliest  camp  on  the  coast  this 
summer.  The  Channell  ditch  has  been  opened  and  the 
water  started  through  it.  Work  has  been  commenced  in 
the  extensive  claims  owned  by  Channell  &  Travis,  on  Wil- 
low creek. 


Mrs,  Daniel  V.  Stone,  of  Boston,  has  given 
$25,000  to  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Associa- 
tion toward  the  erection  of  a  new  building. 

President  Grevy  has  signed  pardons  for 
400  more  Communists. 


Gen.  Grant  and  party   expect  to  arrive  in 
California  in  July. 

William  Lloyd  Garrison  died  at  New  York 
Saturday  night, 


List  of  U.  S.  Patents  Issued  to  Pacific 
Coast  Inventors. 

[From  Official  Reports  to  DEWEY  &  CO.'S  Mining  and 
Scientific  Press  Patent  Agency.] 

By  Special  Dispatch  from  Washington.  D.  C. 

For  the  Week  Ending  Mat  20th,  1879. 

Rotary  Ore  Roaster— T.  H.  Blythe  and  Morey,  S.  F. 

Targets — Wm.  H.  Broden,  Webb's  Landing,  Cat. 

Fog  Horn— E.  T.  Bucknam  and  H.  C.  Langrehr,  S.  F. 

Seam  for  Shoes,  Etc.—  Jno.  Jory,  S.  F. 

Oil  Cups— A.  D.  Hilborn,  Oakland,  Cal. 

Steam  Boiler  and  Furnace— M.  N.  Laufenberg,  S.  F. 

Water  Lifter — L.  B.  Lawrence,  Monticello,  Cal.,  and 
A.  G.  Strawbridge,  Sharon,  Pa.  (2).        / 

Single  Propeller  Pump— Geo.  Norton,  Stockton,  Cal. 

Sample  and  Button  Weigher— J.  S.  Phillips,  S.  F. 

Engine  Fire-Lighter— C.  E.  Thompson,  Stockton,  Cal. 

CAR-TRUCK— Harry  S.  Zink,  Martinez,  Cal. 

Air  Compressor— J.  B.  Pitchford,  Gold  Hill,  Nev, 

Feathering  Paddle— Chas.  F.  Winsor,  Seattle,  Wash- 
ington Territory. 

Lantern— Jno.  Gilleg,  Virginia  City,  Nev. 

Note.— Copies  of  U.  S.  and  Foreign  Patents  furnished 
by  Dewey  &  Co.,  in  the  shortest  time  possible  (by  di- 
graph or  otherwise)  at  the  lowest  rates.  All  patent  busi- 
ness for  Pacific  coast  inventors  transacted  with  perfect 
security  and  in  the  shortest  possible  time. 


Notices  of  Recent  Patents. 

Among  the  patents  recently  obtained  through 
Dewey  &  Co.  's  Scientific  Press  American  and 
Foreign  Patent  Agency,  the  following  are  worthy 
of  special  mention: 

Apparatus  for  Target  Practice. — Wm.  H. 
Broden,  Webb's  Landing,  San  Joaqufn  county. 
Dated  May  20th,  1S79.  This  invention  relates 
to  an  improved  apparatus  for  target  practice, 
which  the  inventor  calls  the  "Practical  Wing 
Shooting  Armator,"  and  it  is  intended  to  pre- 
sent several  movable  objects  at  which  to  shoot, 
each  moving  in  different  directions  or  at  differ- 
ent speeds,  to  represent  the  motion  of  different 
varieties  of  birds.  The  various  devices  are  ar- 
ranged at  different  elevations,  so  that  practice 
may  be  had  at  surface  shooting,  or  high  shoot- 
ing, and  the  objects  may  be  moved  in  different 
directions  and  at  different  speeds,  so  aa  to  fur- 
nish a  variety  of  moving  objects.  The  various 
objects  are  moved  by  a  series  of  pulleys  or  belts 
and  the  objects  themselves,  in  form  represent- 
ing different  birds,  may  be  made  partially  of 
metal,  so  as  to  give  out  a  ringing  sound  when 
struck,  and  partly  of  paper,  so  that  the  fact  of 
hitting  the  target  may  be  recorded.  With 
these  differently  arranged  devices  ■  operating 
from  the  same  power  shaft,  practice  in  several 
ways  may  be  gained.  Novices  may  learn  to 
handle  a  gun  properly  under  different  condi- 
tions and  good  shots  may  keep  in  practice  with- 
out having  to  go  to  the  field. 

Foa  Horn. — Buckman  &  Langrehr,  No.  22 
Steuart  street,  San  Francisco.  Dated  May 
20th.  The  invention  relates  to  an  improved  fog 
horn,  such  as  is  used  as  a  danger  signal  on  sail- 
ing vessels  in  foggy  weather.  The  improve- 
ments consists  in  providing  a  removable  mouth- 
piece and  in  the  peculiar  construction  of  the 
reed-sounding  apparatus.  The  reed  is  secured 
in  place  by  a  screw,  so  as  to  be  easily  removable 
for  cleaning  or  replacement,  and  its  position  on 
the  mouthpiece  is  such  that  its  vibration  is 
rendered  certain  and  the  sound  produced  sonor- 
ous in  its  tone.  It  further  consists  in  a  peculiar 
formation  of  a  mouthpiece  which  surrounds  and 
encloses  the  reed  stem  so  as  to  provide  an  en- 
closed surrounding  body  of  air,  which  is  set  in 
motion  by  the  act  of  blowing  and  greatly  aug- 
ments the  volume  of  the  tone.  This  horn  may 
he  blown  with  ease  and  will  make  a  noise  loud 
enough  to  be  heard  in  foggy  weather  a  distance 
of  a  mile  and  a  half  or  more,  according  to  size. 
The  inventors  have  made  a  great  many  for  use 
on  our  coastiug  vessels. 

Hydraulic  Water  Lifter. — Lawrence  &" 
Strawbridge,  Oakland,  Cal.  Dated  May  20th. 
This  novel  water-lifting  apparatus  consists  of  a 
boiler  or  receiver  which  is  set  into  a  heating 
furnace,  and  has  a  pipe  leading  from  near  the 
bottom  to  a  tank  situated  above  it.  A  float 
situated  in  the  boiler  operates  a  valve  which 
closes  an  opening  in  the  upper  part  of  the  boiler 
so  that  the  pressure  of  the  steam  generating 
within  the  boiler  will  force  the  water  into  the 
upper  tank,  thus  driving  out  tne  air  from  this 
tank  into  the  water-lifting  tank  below.  When 
the  water  in  the  boiler  is  lowered  to  a  certain 
point,  the  float  will  open  the  valve  and  allow 
the  steam  to  escape,  thus  relieving  the  pressure 
and  allowing  the  water  to  flow  back  from  the 
upper  tank  into  the  boiler.  A  jet  of  water 
enters  the  upper  tank  and  cools  it  sufficiently 
to  relieve  the  water  tank  from  pressure  and. 
allow  it  to  till  again  through  a  valve.  In  com- 
bination with  this  apparatus,  the  inventors  em- 
ploy a  novel  heating  device. 

Car  Axle. — Harry  S.  Zink,  Martinez.  Dated 
May  20th.  The  construction  of  this  truck  is 
such  that  each  pair  of  wheels  is  independent  of 
the  other  in  turning  curves.  It  consists 
in  forming  the  truck  ..with  the  usual  central 
beam,  having  the  trusses  or  frames  ex- 
tending out  so  as  to  enclose  the  outside  boxes, 
in  which  the  ends  of  the  axles  turn,  in  a  man- 
ner similar  to  that  ordinarily  employed.  Mid- 
way between  the   wheels  is    a    supplemental 


truss  with  boxes  which  receive  the  center  of  the 
axles.  The  axles  are  divided  in  the  center  so 
that  while  they  are  in  line  with  each  other  and 
each  pair  of  wheels  will  run  as  if  upon  one  axle, 
they  may  have  an  independent  movement 
when  turning  curves,  and  each  semi-axle  will 
be  supported  at  each  end. 

Seam  for  Boots  and  Shoes. — John  -Tory,  S. 
F.  Dated  May  20th.  The  invention  consists 
in  grooving  one  side  of  one  piece  of  the  leather 
and  stitching  the  edge  of  the  other  piece  to  the 
inner  edge  of  the  groove.  This  piece  of  leather  is 
then  bound  over  so  that  the  seams  will  fall  into 
the  groove,  and  is  stitched  upon  the  opposite  side 
so  that  the  seam  is  neat  and  smooth  with  the 
heaviest  leather.  The  groove  receives  and  pro- 
tects the  seam  from  friction,  and  the  seam  may 
be  made  either  with  or  without  a  stay,  or  with 
or  without  a  cord. 

Water  Lifter. — Lawrence  &  Strawbridge, 
Oakland,  Cal.  Dated  May  20th.  The  inven- 
tion is  another  apparatus  for  lifting  water,  by 
means  of  a  pressure  of  a  column  of  air  in  excess 
of  what  is  needed  to  drive  the  hot-air  engine, 
by  which  the  column  of  air  is  compressed,  or  in 
other  words,  the  whole  power  of  the  engine  is 
employed  to  compress  air,  a  small  portion  of 
which  is  carried  to  the  beating  furnace  and 
expanded  to  drive  the  engine,  while  the 
remainder  is  carried  to  the  apparatus  where  it 
is  to  be  applied  to  the  raising  of  water. 

News  in  BrieU 

Eureka,  Nev.,  has  the  measles. 

Cetawayo  is  threatening  Natal. 

Tramps  are  committing  burglaries  in    Chico. 

California  has  catight  the  "archery  fever." 

Last  Saturday  was  Queen  Victoria's  birth- 
day. 

Over  1,200  men  are  employed  in  the  Sutro 
tunnel. 

The  Chinese  Ambassador  has  arrived  at  Mad- 
rid, Spain. 

Indian  Jack  has  been  executed  for  murder 
in  ShaBta. 

Virginia,  Nev.,  had  two  shocks  of  earthquake 
on  the  27th. 

Vacaville  peach  orchards  are  affected  by 
curled  leaf. 

The  steamer  El  Capitan  has  been  repairedand 
launched  again. 

Numerous  foreign  failures,  with  heavy  liabil- 
ities, are  reported. 

There  is  a  deficit  of  80,000.000  francs  in  the 
Spanish  budget. 

Russia  will  soon  add  a  number  of  swift  crui- 
sers to  her  fleet. 

The  police  at  St.  Petersburg  have  been  rein- 
forced by  150  soldiers. 

The  loss  by  the  recent  fire  at  The  Dalles,  Or., 
is  now  stated  at  $200,000. 

Hill,  Supervising  Architect  of  the  Treasury, 
has  been  restored'  to  duty. 

Herr  Seydewitz  has  been  elected  President 
of  the  German  Reichstag. 

Germany  and  France  are  co-operating  heart- 
ily on  the  Greek  question. 

The  hay  crop  near  Elko,  Nev.,  is  liable  to 
fail  through  want  of  rain. 

The  House  passed  the  Warner  silver  bill  Sat- 
urday by  17  majority. 

Over  6,000,000  feet  of  logs  are  now  banked 
on  the  shores  of  Lake  Tahoe. 

The  Pasadena,  Los  Angeles,  schools  have 
closed  on  account  of  Rcarlet  fever. 

The  steamer  Alaska  has  been  ordered  to  re- 
turn to  San  Francisco  from  Sitka. 

The  restoration  of  a  state  of  siege  in  the 
Basque  Provinces  has  been  postponed. 

Judge  Edwin  Marsh,  of  Olympia,  W.  T., 
was  recently  drowned  in  Puget  sound. 

Colin  M.  Boyd  succeeds  the  late  George  F. 
Maynard  as  Auditor  of  San  Francisco. 

Incendiaries  have  burned  186  houses  in  a 
village  in  the  government  of  Ufa,  Russia. 

A  fishing  schooner  has  been  lost  on  the 
Massachusetts  coast,  with  a  crew  of  12  men. 

A  portion  of  the  crew  for  the  Jeannette  Arc- 
tic  expedition  are  on   their  way  to   California. 

A  heavy  seizure  of  logs  has  been  made  by 
Government  officials  in  Washington   Territory. 

John  A.  Moore,  of  school  questions  notoriety 
in  San   Francisco,  is  teaching  school  in  Texas. 

The  propagation  of  California  trout  in  the 
streams  of  New  York  is  proving  a  great  suc- 
cess. 

Five  vessels  have  arrived  at  Portland,  Or., 
from  Hongkong,  bringing  2,000  Chinese  passen- 
gers. 

The  King  of  Spain  has  signed  a  decree  re- 
establishing a  state  of  siege  in  the  Basque  Pro- 
vinces. 

President  C.  B.  Wright,  of  the  Northern 
Pacific  Railroad  Company,  is  about  to  resign  his 
position. 

Frankenstein,  an  Ultramontane,  has  been 
elected  First  Vice-President  of  the  German 
Reichstag. 

The  Southern  CaliforniaHorticultural  Society 
offer  premiums  for  brass  band  music  at  their 
next  fair. 

The  river  Danube  is  flooding  the  country 
through  which  it  runs,  and  the  high  water  is 
doing  great  damage. 

The  negotiations  for  the  transfer  of  the  ad- 
ministration of  the  Eastern  Roumelia  to  Gov- 
ernor Aleka  Pasha  have  been  satisfactorily  con- 
cluded . 

The  Shoewaecaemettes  are  barred  from  par- 
ticipating in  the  Henley  (Eng. )  regatta,  on  ac- 
count of  their  having  been  mechanics  or  arti- 


Important  Real  Estate  Transfer. 

J.  J.  Bell,  of  Bell's  toll  bridge  and  ranch  on  I 
Clear  creek,  on  the   Reading  grant,  four  milea 
south  of  Reading,  Shasta   county,  has   sold  out 
to  Maj.  W.    W.    McCoy,  of  Eureka,   Nevada. 
The  sale  includes  a  large  number  of  Angora  and 
graded  goats,  some  valuable  horses  and  other  live 
stock.     The  land  purchased  amounts  to  several 
hundred  acres.  The  house  is  pleasantly  situated 
on  the  bank  of  the  never-failing  Clear  creek,  ad- 
jacent  to  level  meadow  land  on  one  side  and  moder- 
ately sloping  wooded  pasture  land  on  the  other 
side.     We  understand  that  Maj.  McCoy  intends 
making  additional  buildings  and  improvements 
on  the  place  at  once.     Being  close  to  the  rail- 
road section  house  at  the  junction  of  roads  from  ]i 
different   directions,  Bell's  ranch  now  promises  ■(! 
to  be  the  nucleus  of  an   important  place  for  the  I 
future,  when  the  surrounding  lands  are  more 
fully    settled  up    and    thoroughly    cultivated. 
Accommodations   will    be  offered  the  present  - 
season  for   a  number  of  summer  boarders,   who 
will  no  doubt  find  a  combination  of  advantages  > 
in  favor  of  this  location  for  abiding  the  year  i 
around.       Maj.    McCoy  and    family    are    weU  i 
known  as  old  residents  of  San  Jose,  and  many 
friends  will  bespeak  for  them  a  good   welcome  < 
in  their  new  location.     Mr.  Bell  established  his 
home  at  the  crossing  some  20  years  ago,  and  is 
well   known    to    the    traveling  public   in  the  i 
northern  counties  of  California  and  of  southern 
Oregon.     He  intends  engaging  in  some  active 
business  in  Reading  or  vicinity  in  due  time. 


Every  new  subscriber  who  does  not  receive 
the  paper  and  every  old  subscriber  not  credited  1 
on  the  label  within  two  weeks  after  paying  for  | 
this  paper,  should  write  personally  to  the  pub- 
lishers without  delay,  to  secure  proper  credit. 
This  is  necessary  to  protect  us  and  subscri- 
bers against  the  acts  and  mistakes  of  others. 

Frhsii  attractions  are  constantly  added  to  'Wood- 
ward.'3  Gardens,  amone  which  is  Prof.  Gruber's  great 
educator,  the  Zoographieon.  Each  department  increases 
daily,  and  the  Pavilion  performances  are  more  popular 
than  ever.  All  new  novelties  find  a  place  at  this  wonder- 
ful resort.     Prices  remain  as  usual. 


How  to  Stop  this  Paper. — It  is  not  a  herculean  task  to 
stop  this  paper.  Notify  the  publishers  by  letter.  If  it 
comes  beyond  the  time  desired  you  can  depend  upon  it  we 
do  not  know  that  the  subscriber  wants  it  stopped.  So 
be  sure  and  send  us  notice  by  letter. 


Settlkrs  and  others  wishing-  good  fanning  laudB  (or 
sure  crops,  are  referred  to  Mr.  Edward  Frisbie,  of  Ander- 
son, Shasta  County,  Cal.,  who  has  some  15,000  acres  for 
sale  in  the  Upper  Sacramento  valley.  His  advertisement 
appears  from  time  to  time  in  thiB  paper. 


Miss  Beatrice  Strafford  will  give  a  popular  dramatic 
and  musical  entertainment  at  Dashaway  Hall,  San  Fran- 
cisco, May  31st. 


Experimental  Machinery,  drawings,  patterns,  models, 
all  kinds  of  electrical  and  telegraphic  apparatus  to  order. 
See  ad.    F.  W.  Fuller,  416  Market  St.,  second  floor,  S.  F. 

Chew  Jackson's  Best  Sweet  Navy   Tobacco 


METALS. 

[WHOLESALE. 

Wednesday  m.,  May  28,  1879. 
Iron.— 

American  Pig.  soft,  ton 23  00  @26  00 

Scotch  Pig,  ton 25  50  826  60 

American  White  Pig,  ton 23  00  @ 

Oregon  Pig,  ton 20  50  @ 

Refined  Bar 2J@      SJ 

Horse  Shoes,  keg 5  00  @ 

NailKod -W       7 

Norway,  according  to  thicknesB 6i@       7 

Sheathing,  lb 34®     35 

Sheathing,  Yellow 19(3     20 

Sheathing,  Old  Yellow —  @— 

English  Oast,  lb 16®     17 

Black  Diamond,  ordinary  sizes i'i  <"' 

Drill 16  S     17 

FlatBar 16©     19 

Plow  Steel 8  @ 

Tin  Plates.— 
10x14 1  C  Charcoal 8i@      9 

.    10xl4ICCoke 7(5       7}. 

BancaTin 18  («—  20 

Australian 15j@     17 

Zinc— 

By  the  Cask 9  @ 

Zinc,  Sheet  7x3  ft.  7  to  10,  lb,  less  than  cask. .  9j@—  10 

Nails.— 

Assorted  sizes 2  90@3  00 


Gold,    Legal   Tenders,    Exchange,   Etc. 

[Corrected  Weekly  by  Sutro  &  Co.  J 

San  Francisco,  May  28,  3  p.  m. 

Silver,  U@l. 

Gold  Bars,  890@910.  Silver  Barb,  &@19  $  cent,  dis- 
count. 

Exchange  on  New  York,  20,  on  London  hankers,  49i@ 
494.  Commercial,  50;  Paris,  five  francs  W  dollar;  Moxican 
dollars,  89i@90J. 

London  Consols,  98  15-16;  Bonds  (4%),  105. 

Quicksilver  in  S.  F  .  by  the  flank.  $  lb.  3tio. 


Some  fine  sunny  offices  (next 
to  the  Press  office),  to  rent  (at 
very  reasonable  rates),  by  Dewey 
&  Co.,  at  202  Sansome  street, 
corner  of  Pine. 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

The  June  examination  for  admission  to  the  Colleges  of 
Letters  and  of  Science,  will  be  held  at  Berkeley  on  Thurs- 
day, Friday,  Saturday  and  Monday,  May  29th,  30th,  31st, 
and  June  2d,  each  day  at  10  a.  m, 

All  who  can  ehould  be  present  on  the  morning  of 
Thursday.     By  order 

M,  KELLOGG,  Dean  of  Faculty. 


May  3i,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


357 


^ipipg  and  other  Companies. 


Peraona  interested  In  Incorporated  shares 
will  do  well  to  recommend  the  publication 
of  the  olncial  notices  of  their  companies 
In  this  paper,  aa  the  cheapest  appropriate 
medium  for  the  same. 


Gover  Mining  and   Milling   Company.— 

Location  of  principal  i<Uoc  of  lianlju-**  San  FrmucUco, 
California.  Location  of  works,  near  Drytowo.  Amatlor 
County.  California. 

JTotioe  la  hereby  given  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
— 'ees,  held  on  Wednesday,  the  twenty-Bret  day  of  May. 
an  asaeMTiu-nt  [No.  3d)  of  Fifty  CenU  [wr  share  was 
J  upon  the  capital  stock  uf  the  oorpoimilon,  payable 
lediately  in  gold  coin  i>r  ten]  currenm  ofthi  1  alb  I 
e*.  to  the  Secretary  at  the  otlice  <>t  the  Company,  Room 
No.  402  Front  street,  Han  FrVldfOO,  California, 
\ny  stock  upon  which  mini  ■■Htffiirnriit  nhull  n  main  iinpjid 
Tuesday,  the  first  day  of  July,  187'.'.  will  bft  delinquent, 
'  advertised  for  pule  at  public  UlotlOD,  Mild  unless  nnynu'iit 
a*le  befOTO,  will  be  Mold  on  Mondiiy,  tlic  i'li  viJith  QMS  oi 
t,  1379,  to  pay  the  delinquent  assessment,  together 
_  cost  of  advertising  and  expense  of  sale.  By  order  of 
._  Board  of  Trustees.  W.  O.  Wll.s.  ,N,  BeeretMT 

Office,  Room  t),  No.  402  Front  street,  8au  Fra-ncir..-:-.,  fjaj 


(Rocky  Point  Mining  Company.— Location 

of  pnneijial  place  of  business,  San  Francisco,  California. 

Location  of  works.  Placer  County,  Cal. 

NOTICE.— There  u  delinquent  Upon   the   following  de- 

ribed  slock,  on  account  of  assessment  (No.    1)  lei  ied  on 

■  17th  day  of  April,  18"y,  the  several  amounts  set  oppo- 
_  e  the  names  of  the  respective  share  hoi  dere,  as  follows: 

Names.  No.  Certificate.    No.  Shares.      Ain't 

\  B  Douglass 00 

J  Pillsbury 84 

C  Rhoads 08 

C  Rhoads 96 

R  Robbins,  Trustee 12 

R  Robbins,  Trustee. ......     15 

R  Robbins,  Trustee 17 

R  Robbins,  Trustee 21 

R  Robbins,  Trustee 22 

R  Robbins,  Trustee 62 

R  Robbins,  Trustee 60 

R  RobbinB,  Trustee 77 

R  Robbins,  Trustee 78 

R  Robbins,  Trustee 86 

R  Robbins,  Trustee 86 

R  Robbins,  Trustee 110 

R  Robbins,  Trustee 129 

K  Cooper,  Trustee 107 

J  K  Cooper,  Trusteo 108 

J  O  Whitney,  Trustee 39 

J  G  Whitney,  Trustee 42 

J  O  Whitney,  Trustee 43 

|L  A  Hinds 55 

ibrose  Hinds 108 

L  Blbbins,  Trustee 08 

L  Bibbins,  Trustee 00 

L  Bibbins,  Trusteo 101 

L  Bibbins,  Trusteo 133 

L  Bibbins.  Trustee 134 

L  Bibbins,  Trustee 139 

L  Bibbins,  Trusteo 145 

L  Bibbins,  Trustee 140 

T  L  Bibbins,  Trustee 147 

T  L  Bibbins.  Trustee 150 

T  L  Bibbins,  Trustee 153 

jT  L  Bibbins,  Trustee 164 

iT  L  Bibbins,  Trustee 167 

T  L  Bibbins,  Trustee 101 

L  Bibbins,  Trustee 162 

L  Bibbins,  Trustee 103 

L  Bibbins,  Trustee 170 

T  L  Bibbins,  Trustee 173 

T  L  Bibbins,  Trustee 175 

T  L  Bibbins,  Trustee 182 

T  L  Bibbins,  Trustee 188 

T  L  Bibbins,  Trustee 180 

T  L  Bibbins,  Trustee 101 

T  L  Bibbins,  Trustee 204 

UJ  Rhoads 110 

And  in  accordance  with  law,  and  an  order  of  the  Board 
of  Directors,  made  on  the  Seventeenth  day  of  April, 
1879,  so  many  Bhares  of  each  parcel  of  Buch  stock  as  may 
necessary  will  be  sold  at  public  auction,  in  the  City  of 
Ban  Francisco,  at  the  office  of  the  Company,  on  Monday, 
the  Sixteenth  day  of  June,  1870,  at  the  hour  of  one  o'clock 
f,  11.  of  said  day,  to  pay  said  delinquent  assessment 
thereon,  together  with  costs  of  advertising  and  expenses 
of  the  sale.  T.  L.  BIBBINS,  Secretary. 

Office,  314  Bush  Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


23 

8  2  30 

2000 

200  00 

600 

60  00 

3000 

300  00 

500 

60  00 

.-,00 

50  00 

33 

6  SO 

1000 

100  00 

1000 

100  00 

1000 

100  00 

131 

13  40 

50 

6  00 

60 

5  00 

100 

10  00 

100 

10  00 

833 

83  30 

70 

7  60 

100 

10  00 

100 

10  00 

1000 

100  00 

500 

60  00 

55 

5  60 

1000 

balance  71  50 

100 

10  00 

100 

10  00 

100 

10  00 

100 

10  00 

1000 

100  00 

1000 

100  00 

18 

1  80 

800 

80  00 

100 

10  00 

50 

6  00 

500 

50  00 

30 

3  00 

20 

2  00 

100 

10  00 

100 

10  00 

100 

10  00 

100 

10  00 

500 

50  00 

77 

7  70 

100 

10  00 

100 

10  00 

50 

5  00 

50 

5  00 

500 

50  00 

500 

50  00 

2400 

240  00 

W-A-:e.T:E:sx.A.:fcT 
ell  Drilling,  Boring, 
Mineral  Prospecting  and  fluwryiag  Tools. 

lllghi-il  Award  at  Centennial  Ex  hi  hit  Inn.  Tlic  boat  unrt  moot 
praciiesl  wdl-boHop  Machinery  In  the  world.  Quick-sairt,  boulders 
sod  rock  '.;i:  ily  handled.    Addrciu 

California  Artesian  Well  &  Mining  Co. 

202  s,,,, some  Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal; 
E.  P.  HILL,  Manager.  J.  W.  B.  HII.L,  Engineer. 

Dealers  in  Well-Augers,  Jt-ock-  Drills,  Wind- 
Mills,  Pumps  and  Hydro lultc  Machinery,  and 
Contractors  for  Artesian  {Flowing)  Wells  of 
any  depth  to  3000  feet, 
(M  no  bines  and  Welln  enn  ho  «eon  In  operation.) 

93-AGFNTS  WAJVTFD--&& 


W.    BRUCKNER, 
Mining    Engineer, 

Will  Contract  for  the  erection  of 

LLS,    ROASTING    FURNACES,     SMELTING     FUR- 
NACES, AMALGAMATING  WORKS, 
—  ALSO  — 

LEACHING  WORKS, 

With  BlI  the  Latest  Improvements.  Address 

STATE  ASSAY  OFFICE, 

Safe  Deposit  Building,  Room  10,  San  Francisco. 


ROCK     DRILLS. 
One  or  three  Burleigh  Drills, 

Tunnel  size.    Good  aa  new.   Ready  for  use. 
FOR  SALE  VERY    LOW. 

320  Sausome  St.,  Boom  22,  San  Francisco. 


TO  PACIFIC  COAST  INVENTORS. 

Oufi  I".  8.  ami  POBEIQri  1'viks  i  Ai:kni.y  presents 
ru.'iiiy  and  important  tdvantagaa  aa  a  Home  Agency 
over  all  othen  by  reason  of  long  establishment,  great 
experience,  thorough  system,  intimate  acquaintance 
with  the  subjects  of  inventions  in  our  own  commu- 
nity, and  our  moat  •  •xtcusive  law  and  reference 
library  containing  official  American  and  foreign  re- 
ports, files  of  scientific  and  mechanical  publications, 
etc.  All  worthy  inventions  patented  through  our 
Agency  will  have  the  benefit  of  an  illustration  or 
a  description  in  the  MINING  anm  SCIENTIFIC  PfiJMB. 
We  transact  every  branch  of  Patent  business,  and 
obtain  Patents  in  all  countries  which  grant  proteC< 
tion  to  inventors.  The  largo  majority  of  U.  S.  and 
Foreign  Patents  issued  to  inventors  on  the  Pacific 
Coast  have  been  obtained  through  our  Agency.  We 
can  give  the  best  and  most  reliabU  advice  as  to  the 
patentability  of  new  inventions.  Our  prices  are  as 
low  as  any  lirst-class  agencies  in  the  Eastern  States, 
while  our  advantages  for  Pacific  Coast  inventors  are  far  superior.     Advice  aud  Circulars  free. 


DEWEY  &  CO.,    Patent  Agents. 


A     T.     DEWEY. 


W.    B.     EWER. 


GEO.     H.     STRONG- 


HYDRAULIC  GRAVEL  ELEVATORS 

For  working  H  at 
gravel  mines  that 
have  no  dump. 

Sluices  gravel  and 
water  up  hill  on  an 
angle  of  45°,  and 
will  run  any  kind  of 
gravel  that  will  ruu 
in  a  Hume.   Handles 

rocks  as  easy  as  fine  dirt,  aud  will  raise  as  much  material  as  the  water  will  carry  off  in  a  Hume 
on  (>  inches  grade  to  12  feet. 

No  bedrock  cuts,  tunnels  or  drains  required.  Machine  a  sufficient  drain  itself,  and  the 
process  of  miniug  the  same  as  any  other  hydraulic  mine.  Is  now  a  practical  success  in  various 
places  in  California  and  Oregon.     Send  for  descriptive  circular  to 

JOSHUA    IHIIEIN-IDY, 

No.  51  Fremont  Street,  Office  of  the  Hydraulic  Gravel  Elevating  Mining  Co.,  S.  F. 


STEEL 
CASTINGS. 


From   1-4   to    10,000  lbs.  Weight. 

True  to  pattern,  sound  and  solid,  of  unequaled  strength,  toughness  and  durability. 
An  invaluable  substitute  fur  forginga  or  cast-iron  requiring  three-told  strength. 
Gearing  of  all  kinds.  Shoes,   Dies,   Hammerheads,   Croaaheada  for  Locomotive,  etc. 
IL'.iuii  I  'r;mk  Shafts  of  ttiis  Steel  non  running  proved  Huperinr  to  wrought  iron. 
CRANK  SHAFTS,  ORDSSHEADS  aud  GEARING,  specialties. 
Circulars  aud  Price  Lists  free.    Address 

Chester  Steel  Castings  Co. 

Works,  Chester,  Pennsylvania.       407  Library  St.,  Philadelphia 


N.    W.    SPAULDING'S 


PATENT   DETACHABLE  TOOTH    SAWS, 

Manfuaotory,  17  &  19  Fremont  St.,  S.  F. 

ST.    DAVID'S. 

A     FIRST-CLASS      LODGING      HOUSE. 

CONTAINS  113  ROOMS. 
715  Howard  St.,  near  Third,  San  Franciaco. 

This  House  is  especially  designed  us  a  comfortable  home  for 
gentlemen  and  ladies  visiting  the  city  from  the  interior.  No 
darkrooms.  Gas  aud  running  water  in  each  room.  The  floors 
are  covered  with  body  Brussels  carpet,  and  all  of  the  furniture 
is  made  of  solid  black  walnut.  Each  bed  lias  a  spring  mat- 
tress, with  an  additional  hair  top  mattress,  making  them  the 
most  luxurious  and  healthy  beds  in  the  world.  Ladies  wish- 
ing to  cook  for  themselves  or  families,  are  allowed  the  free 
use  of  ft  large  public  kitchen  and  dining  room,  with  dishes. 
Servants  wash  the  dishes  and  keep  up  a  constant  fire  from  6 
A,  M.  to  7  P.  M.  Hot  and  cold  baths,  a  large  parlor  and  read- 
ing room,  containing  a  Grand  Piano— all  free  to  guests.  Price 
single  rooms  per  night,  50  ctB,;  per  week,  from  $2.50  upwards 
R.  HUGHES,  Proprietor. 

At  Market  Street  Ferry,  take  Omnibus  line  of  street  care 
to  corner  Third  and  Howard. 


H.  S.  CROCKER  &  CO. 

Stationers  and  Printers 

Agents  for 

Arnold's  Inks.  Gillott's  Pens,  Fabcr's  Pencils  and  Rubber 
Binds,  Stephen's  Inks,  Dickson'*  Carmine,  David's  Car- 
mine and  MncllagCi  Crown  Brand  Mucilage,  tstcrbrook's 
Steel  Pens,  B.iniett's  Ziuc  and  PUiina  Pens.  McGill's  Taper 
Fasteners;  also,  a  full  line  of  STATIONERY,  Paper,  etc. 

SAN  FRANCISCO  and  SACRAMENTO. 


A  RARE  BUSINESS  CHANCE. 

$250  Will  buy  the  Right  for  the  whole  Pacific  Territo- 
ries for  the  BUCKEYE    CLOTHES-LINE    FASTENER     omv^l^'^^ St£oZnr^tikr'i^^^ii"iim 
(just  patented.)    Larpje  profits  to  manufacturer. 

Address    JOHN  A.  WORLEY,  Cleveland,  O 


AN    ENGINEER, 

Favorably  known  in  the  East,  desirous  of  settling  in  Califor- 
nia, seeks  position  aa  Superintendent  or  Chief  Draughtsman. 
Competent  to  design  Stationary,  Marine,  Locomotive,  Mill 
I  Work,  Sugar  and  Hydraulic  Machinery.  Speaks  Spanish 
■  Unexceptional  references.    Address  EXPERT,  this  office. 


W.   T.   GARRATT'S 

BRASS  and  BELL  FOUNDRY 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 

MANUFACTURER  AND  IMPORTER  OF 

Church  and  Steamboat  BELLS  and  GONGS 
BRASS  CASTINGS  of  all  kinds, 
WATER  GATES,   GAS  GATES, 
FIRE  HYDRANTS, 

DOCK  HYDRANTS, 

GARDEN  HYDRANTS 

General   Assortment    of    Engineers'   Findings. 

Hooker's    Patent 
Celebrated 

STEAM  PUMP 

flSTThe  Best  and  Most 
Durable  in  use.  AIbo, 
a  variety  of  other 


For  Miring  aud   Farm- 
ing Purposes. 

ROOT'S  BLAST  BLOWERS, 

For  Ventilating  Mines  and  for  Smelting  Works. 

HYDRAULIC    PIPES    AND     NOZZLES, 

For  Mining  Purposes. 

Garratt's    Improved     Journal    Metal. 

1MPORTKK   OK 

IRON  PIPE  AND  MALLEABLE    IRON    FITTINGS. 

ALL   KINDS   OF 

WORK  AND  COMPOSITION  NAILS, 

AT  LOWEST  RATES. 


FOB.    SALE. 

THE  MACHINERY    AND   PLANT 

—  OF  TUB  — 

HOPE    IRON    WORKS 

—  CONBIBTINO  OF  — 

Pattern,  Machine  and  Blacksmith  Shop, 
AND   FOUNDRY. 

Address  THE  HOPE  IRON  WORKS, 
Potrero,  San  Francisco. 


C  C.  Bitner's  Apparatus  for  Obtaining  Met- 
allic Copper  from  its  Solutions. 
Patented  March  18th,  1879-  Will  precipitate  with  steam  in 
three  hours,  requiring  no  machinery  to  run  it.  Cost  of  con- 
structing apparatus,  $75.  The  old  cylinder  process  takes 
four  hours  to  precipitate  and  costs  from  SI, 200  to  51,500  to 
construct,  besides  the  machinery  to  run  it.  For  right  to  use 
my  Precipitator  address  C.  0.  BITNER,  Spenccville,  Ne- 
vada County.  California. 


STEVENOT'S 

Fine  Gold  Amalgamator. 

Adapted  for  Ores,  Tailings.  Slimes,  Etc. 

Unequaled  for  Cheapness,  Lightness  and 
Practical   Results 


No  mechanism  required  to  run  it..  Worked  entir.lv  liv 
pressurc  of  water  throwing  tile  ore  forcibly  on  to  and 
through  a  body  of  mercury. 

E.  K.  STEVENOT, 

Chemist  and  Mining  Engineer, 

304  Montgomery  St.,  San  Francisco. 

RErORTS  MADE  ON  MINES.  Quartz  Mills,  and 
Works  of  every  description  started. 

NOTICE 

TO    THE 

ING  PUBLIC. 


MESSRS.  RANKIN,  BRAYTON  &  CO.,  of 
the  Pacific  Iron  Works,  are  the  only  parties 
authorized  to  manufacture  HOWELL'S  IM- 
PROVED WHITE  FURNACE  under  the 
License  of  this  Company. 

THE  STETEFELDT  FURNACE  CO., 

By  C.  A,  STETEFELDT,  President. 


Referring  to  the  above,  the  undersigned  would  call  at- 
tention to  the  fact  that  by  a  com  promise  recently  effected 
with  the  STETEFELDT  FURNACE  COMPANY,  they 
have  secured  the  use  of  all  the  patents  of  said  Company 
applying  to 

Revolving  Cylinder  Furnaces, 

And  arc  thus  enabled  to  give  purchasers  the  license  of 
nil  patent  claimants,  to-wit: 

WHITE,    HOWELL,   THOMPSON, 

—  AND     THE  — 

Stetefeldt  Furnace  Company, 

Thereby  avoiding  all   further  litigation   in  reference  to 
these  rival  claims.    The  great 

SUPERIORITY  OF  THE  FURNACES 

Embracing  these  patents  has  been  satisfactorily  demon- 
strated. There  are  now  some  thirty  of  them  in  operation 
in  the  various  mining  districts  of  the  coast,  operating  in 
all  cases  with  economy  and  satisfaction,  working  in  many 
localities 

THE  BASEST  AND  MOST  REFRACTORY  ORES  UP 
TO  90  AND  95  PER  CENT. 

By  an  improvement— the  patent  for  which  has  recently 
been  allowed— this  Furnace  can  be  readily  adjusted  so  as 
to  work  with  equal  facility  aud  effectiveness  all  classes  of 
ores. 

The  following  are  some  of  the  Mining  Companies  who 
have  recently  adopted  this  Furnace,  the  most  of  which  are 
now  in  successful  operation,  many  of  them  running  two 
and  some  three  and  four  Furnaces. 

NEVADA.— Grand  Prize,  Star,  Martin  White,  High- 
bridge,  Columbia,  Alexander,  Paradise  Valley,  Jefferson, 
Leopard,  Eagle,  Endowment,  Independence. 

ARIZONA. -Tiptop,  Tiger,  Peck,  Haekberry,  Corbin, 
Tombstone,  Bradshaw. 

OREGON— Monumental. 

MONTANA— Alice  Mine,  Butte  City. 

MEXICO— Trinidad,  Hanniyuera,  Plomoscs, 

PERU— Cerro  de  Dasco. 

RANKIN,  BRAYTON  &  CO., 

Pacific    Iron    Works. 


'  CAUTION.— All  persons  arc  hereby  cautioned  against 
buying  from  other  parties  Furnaces  embracing  the 
improvements  covered  by  the  patents  above  mentioned 
as  they  will  be  vigorously  prosecuted  and  involved  in 
heavy  damages. 


Mmmm§ 

^bW^^^berry&Place 

At  the  Old  Stand,  Market,  head  of  Front  Street,  S.  F. 


358 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[May  31,   1879. 


Iron  ajid  IWachipe  torfc 


THOS.  PENDERGAST. 


HENRY  S.  SMITH. 


yETNA    IRON    WORKS, 


MANUFACTURERS  OF 


IRON  CASTINGS 

and      MACHINERY 


OF  ALL  KINDS. 


Fremont  Street,  Bet.  Howard  and  Folsom, 


SAN    FRANCISCO. 

SACRAMENTO  BOILER   WORKS, 

214  &  216  BEALE  St.,  (rear  of  JEtna  Foundry) 

J.  V.  HALL, 

PRACTICAL    BOILER    MAKER, 

Marine,  Stationary  and  Portable  Boilers,  Smoke  Stacks, 

Hydraulic  Pipe,   Oil  or  Water  Tanks,    Ore  and 

Water  Buckets,  Gasometers,  Girders,  Bridges 

and    Iron    Ship    Building. 

ALL    KINDS    OF   SHEET    IRON    WORK. 

Repairing   promptly   attended    to    at   the 
lowest   possible    terms. 


UNION  IRON  WORKS, 

SACRAMENTO,    CAL. 
ROOT,    NEILSON    &    CO., 

MANUFACTURERS  OP 

STEAM  ENGINES,  BOILERS  AND  ALL 

Kinds  of  Machinery  for  Mining   Purposes. 

Flouring  Mills',  Saw  Mills'  and  Quartz  Mills'  Machinery 

constructed,  fitted  up  and  repaired. 

Front  Street,  Between  N  and  O  Streets, 

SACRAMENTO,     CAL. 


PHELPS 
MANUFACTURING    COMPANY, 

Manufacturers  of  all  kinds  of 

Wharf  and  Bridge  Bolts,    Railroad  Trestle 

Work,   Car  Frames  and  Bolts,  Machine 

Bolts,   Set  Screws    and   Tap  Bolts, 

Lag    or    Coach    Screws. 

ALL  STYLES   OF  FANCY  HEAD  BOLTS. 

HOT  AND    COLD    PRESSED    HEXAGONAL   AND 

SQUARE    NUTS,    WASHEKS,    BOLT    ENDS, 

TURNBUCKLES,    ETC.,    ETC. 

13, 15  and  17  Drumm  St.,  near  California, 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 


Golden  State  &  Miners  Iron  Works, 

Manufacture  Iron  Castings  and  Machinery 
of  all  Kinds  at  Greatly  Reduced  Rates. 

STEVENSON'S  PATENT 

Mold-Board  AMALGAMATORS, 
Golden  State  Pressure  Blowers. 

First  St..  between  Howard  &  Folsom,  S.  F. 


Wm.  H.  BiRcn.  John  Arqall. 

California    Machine   Works, 
BIRCH,    ARGALL    &    CO., 

119  Beale  Street,  San  Francisco. 

£3TGeneral  Mechanical  Engineers  and  Machinists. 
Steam  Engines,  Flour,  Quartz  and  Mining  Machinery. 
Sole  manufacturers  of  Brodie's  Patent  Bock  Crushers  and 
Steel-Faced  Tappits.  Steam,  Hydraulic  and  Sidewalk 
Elevators.     Repairing  promptly  attended  to. 


California    Brass    Foundry, 

No.  125  First  Street,  Opposite  Minna, 
SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 

All  kinds  of  Brass,  Composition,    Zinc,  and  Babbitt 

Metal  Castings,  Brass  Ship  Work  of  all  kinds,  Spikes, 
sheathing;  Nails,  Rudder  Braces,  Hinges,  Ship  and  Steam- 
boat Bells  and  Gongs  of  superior  tone.  AH  kinds  of  Cocks 
and  Valves,  Hydraulic  Pipes  and  Nozzles,  and  Hose  Coup- 
lings and  Connections  of  all  sizes  and  patterns,  furnished 
with  dispatch.  ^PRICES  MODERATE  *W& 

J.  H.  WEED.  V.  KINGWELL. 


STEAM  ENGINES  AND  BOILERS 

Of  all  sizes— from  2  to  60-Horse  power.  Also,  Quartz 
Mills,  Mining  Pumps,  Hoisting  Machinery,  Shafting,  Iron 
Tanks,  etc.    For  sale  at  the  lowest  prices'  by 

J.    HENDY,  49  and  51  Fremont  Street,  S.  F. 


THOMAS  THOMPSON.  THORNTON  THOMPSON. 

THOMPSON    BROTHERS, 

EUREKA    FOUNDRY, 

129  and  131  Beale  St.,  between  Mission  and  Howard,  S.  F 

MANUFACTURERS  OF  CASTINGS  OF  EVERT  DESCRIPTION. 


W I  ftl  0  M !  3  I  0ne  of  tho  best  made  in  tWa  State 
1 1 1 11  im  if  1 1  a»i_.  for  aaie  cheap  on  easy  terms.  Ad- 
dress, W.  T.  care  of  Dewey  &  Co, ,  S.  F. 


^GEORGE  W.  PRESCOTT. 


IRVING  M.  SCOTT. 


H.  T.  SCOTT. 


Union    Iron   Works. 

Office,  61  First  St.  |  Cor.  First  &  Mission  Sts.,  S.  F.  |  p.   0.   Box,  2128. 

BUILDERS    OF 

Steam,    Air   and    Hydraulic    Machinery. 


Home  Industry.— All  Work  Tested  and  Guaranteed. . 


Vertical  Engines, 

Baby  Hoists, 

Stamps, 

Horizontal  Engines, 

Ventilating  Fans, 

Pans, 

Automatic  Cut-off  Engines, 

Rock  Breakers, 

Settlers, 

Compound  Condensing  Engines, 

Self-Feeders, 

Retorts, 

Shafting, 

Pulleys, 

Etc.,  Etc. 

TRY    OUR    MAKE,  CHEAPEST   AND    BEST    IN    USE. 
Send  for  Late  Circulars.  PRESCOTT,  SCOTT  &  CO. 


T^-illiam     Hawkins, 

(SUCCESSOR  TO  HAWKINS  &  CANTRBLL). 

210  and  212  Beale  Street,  bet.  Howard  and  Folsom  Sts.,    -    -    San  Francisco. 

Manufacturer    of 

IMPROVED  PORTABLE  HOISTING}  ENGINES, 


FOR   MINING   AND    OTHER    PURPOSES. 


Steam  Engines  and  all  Kinds  of  Mill  and  Mining  Machinery. 


^Pacific  Rolling  JVEill  Co., 

SAN    FRANCISCO,    CAL. 

MANUFACTURERS    OF 

RAILROAD  AND    MERCHANT  IRON, 

ROLLED  BEAMS,  ANGLE,  CHANNEL  AND  T  IRON,  BRIDGE  AND  MACHINE  BOLTS,  LAG  SCREWS,  NUTS 
WASHERS,  ETC.,  STEAMBOAT   SHAFTS,  CRANKS,  PISTONSJ  CONNECTING   RODS,  ETC.,  ETC. 

Car  and  Locomotive  Axles  and  Frames,  and  Hammered  Iron  of  Every  Description. 

HIGHEST    PRICE    PAID    FOR    SCRAP    IRON. 

ta"  Orders  Solicited  and  Promptly  Executed.  Office,  No.  16  FIRST  STREET. 


I^ialton    Iron.    Works. 

Hinckley,  Spiers  &  Hayes. 


Corner  Beale  and  Howard  Sts., 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 

W.  H.  TAYLOR,  Rres't.  JOSEPH  MOORE,  Sup't. 

Builders  of  Steam  Machinery 

IN  ALIi  its  Brancheh, 

Steamboat.  Steamship,  Land 

Engines  and  Boilers, 

HIGH  PRESSURE  OR  COMPOUND. 


STEAM  VESSELS,  of  all  kinds,  built  complete  with 
Hulls  of  Wood,  Iron  or  Composite. 

ORDINARY  ENGINES  compounded  when  ad- 
visable. 

STEAM  LAUNCHES,  Barges  and  Steam  Tugs  con- 
structed with  reference  to  the  Trade  in  which  they  are 
to  be  employed.  Speed,  tonnage  and  draft  of  water 
guaranteed. 

STEAM  BOILERS.  Particular  attention  given  to 
the  quality  of  the  material  and  workmanship,  and  none 
but  flrst-class  work  produced. 

SUGAR  MILLS  AND  SUGAR-MAKING 
MACHINERY  made  after  the  most  approved  plans. 
Also,  all  Boiler  Iron  Work  connected  therewith. 

"WATER  PIPE,  of  Boiler  or  Sheet  Iron,  of  any  size 
made  in  suitable  lengths  for  connecting  together, 
sheets  rolled,  punched,  and  packed  for  shipment  ready 
to  be  riveted  on  the  ground. 

HYDRAULIC  RIVETING.  Boiler  Work  and 
Water  Pipe  made  by  this  establishment,  riveted  by 
Hydraulic  Riveting  Machinery,  that  quality  of  work 
being  far  superior  to  hand  work. 

SHIP  WORK.  Ship  and  Steam  Capstains,  Steam 
Winches,  Air  and  Circulating  Pumpa,  made  after  the 
most  approved  plans, 

PUMPS.  Direct  Acting  Pumps,  for  Irrigation  or  City 
Water  Works  purposes,  built  with  the  celebrated  Davy 
Valve  Motion,  superior  to  any  other  Pump. 


—  at  the  — 

Electric  Model  &  Machine  Works 

Inventors  and   others  can  pfet  First-Class 
Work  at  Moderate  Prices. 

After  10  years  experience  with  inventions  and  other 
mechanical  work,  I  am  fully  propared  to  execute  draw- 
ings, working-models  and  fine  machinery  of  any  descrip- 
tion to  entire  satisfaction. 

Brass  Finishing,  Pattern  Making,  Gear  Cutting,  Tele- 
graphic and  other  Electrical  Apparatus  by  competent 
workmen. 

TELEPHONES   TO    ORDER. 

F.  W.  FULLER,  415  Market  Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


(ESTABLISHED    IN    1855.) 


Works,  Fremont  and  Howard  Sts.  |  San  Francisco,  Cal.  |  Office,  No.  213  Fremont  St. 


MANUFACTURERS    OF 


Marine  Engines  and   Boilers, 

Propeller  Engines  either  High  Pressure  or  Com- 
pound Stern  or  Side  Wheel  Engines. 

Mining  Machinery. 

Hoisting  Engines  and  Works,  Cages,  Ore  Buckets,  Ore 
Cars,  Pumping  Engines  and  Pumps,  Water  Buckets, 
Pump  Columns,  Air  Compi-essors,  Air  Receivers, 
Air   Pipes. 

Mill  Machinery. 

Batteries  for  Dry  or     Wet  Crushing, 


Pans,  Settlers,  Furnaces,  Retorts,  Concentrators,  Ore 
Feeders,  Rock  Breakers,  Furnaces  for  Reducing  Ores 
Water  Jaekets,  Etc. 


Sugar  Machinery. 


Crushing  Rolls,  Clarifiers,  Vacuum  Pans,  Air  Pumps, 
Concentrators,  Bag  Filters,  Charcoal  Filters,  Blow-up 
Tanks,  Coolers  and  Receiving  Tanks. 


Miscellaneous   Machinery. 


Flour  Mill  Machinery,  Saw  Mill  Engines  and  Boilers, 
Dredging  Machinery,  Oil  Well  Retorts,  Powder  Mill  Ma- 
chinery, Water  Wheels. 


Amalgamating 

Fci'lSflPC     -3  mi     RniloPC    of  all  kinds,  either  for  use  on  Steamboats  and  made  in  accordance  with   the 
L-llifmCo     allu     DUHcl  O   Act  of  Congress  regulating  the  same,  or  for  use  on  land.  Water  Pipe,  Pump 


or  Air  Column,  Fish  Tanks  for  Salmon  Canneries  of  every  description. 
Boiler  repairs  promptly  attended  to  and  at  very  moderate  rates. 


PACIFIC    IRON    WORKS, 

First  and  Fremont  Streets,  between  Mission  and  Howard,  San  Francisco,  Cal., 
RANKIN,    BRAYTON    &    CO., 

Manufacturers    of 

ENGINES,  BOILERS,   MARINE   AND    STATIONARY.      PUMPING,   HOISTING,  AND    MINING   MACHINERY 

INCLUDING  BATTERIES,  AMALGAMATING  PANS  AN  D  SETTLERS,  CONCENTRATORS,  ORE  FEEDERS, 

CRUSHING  ROLLS  AND  ROCK  BREAKERT.     ALSO,  WATER  JACKET  SMELTING  FURNACES, 

FOR  REDUCING  LEAD,  SILVER    AND    COPPER    ORES,  QUICKSILVER    FURNACES, 

RETORTS  AND  CONDENSERS,  ROASTING  AND  OHLORIDIZING  FURNACES, 

SUGAR    MILL    MACHINERY,  WATER    WHEELS,  Etc.,  ALL    OF    THE 

LATEST  AND  MOST  IMPROVED  CONSTRUCTION. 

Agents  for  the  Allen  Engine  Governor,  Bailey  Air  Compressor,  Howell's 
Improved  'White  Furnaces,  Walker's  Compound  Steam  Pumps,  Etc. 


"Western  Iron  Works, 

316     and     318     Mission     Street,     San     Francisco, 

PERRY  EDWARDS,  Prop'r. 

Manufacturer  of  Wrought  Iron  Girders,  Trusses,   Prison   Cells,  Iron  Roofs,  Crest 

Railings,  Finials,  Fences,  Weathervanes,  Gratings,  Iron  Work  for  Models,  Etc. 

Nickel   Piated  Railings.        Bank  and  Stori  Fittings,       Estimates  given  and  Iron  Work  furnished  for  Buildings. 


Engraving  done  at  this  office.      I  Dewey  &  Co.  {w^st} Patent  Ag'ts. 


Main    Street    Iron    Works, 

WM.   DEACON,   PROPRIETOR. 
Nos.  131, 133  &  135  Main  St.,  San  Francisco 

Stationary  and  Marine  Engines, 

Shafting,  Pulleys,  and  General  Machine  Work.  Jobbing 
and  repairing  done  Promptly  and  at  Lowest  Ratw 
Screw  Propellors,  Propellor  and  Steamboat  Engines. 

SAW  MILLS  and  SAW  MILL  MACHINERY. 


Ml 

BERRY  k  PUCE 


Market,  head  of  Front  Street,  San  Francisco. 


Diamond    Drill    Co. 

The  undersigned,  owners  of  LESCHOT'S  PATENT 
for  DIAMOND  POINTED  DRILLS,  now  brought  to  the 
highest  state  of  perfection,  are  prepared  to  Sll  orders 
for  the  IMPROVED  PROSPECTING  AND  TUNNELING 
DRILLS,  with  or  without  power,  at  short  notice,  and 
at  reduced  prices.  Abundant  testimony  furnished  of 
the  great  economy  and  successful  working  of  numerous 
machines  in  operation  in  the  quartz  and  gravel  mines, 
on  tliis  coast.  Circulars  forwarded,  and  full  infor- 
mation given  upon  application. 

A.  J.  SEVERANCE  &  CO. 
Office,  No.  320  ^ansome  Btreet,  Room  10. 


GOLD    MINE    WANTED. 

One  now  paying  more  than  expenses.    Addres 

W.    S.    KEYES,    M.    E., 
No-  310  Pine  St.,  Room  42,  San   Francisco 


Should  con- 
sult DEWEY 
&  CO. ,  Amer- 


California  Inventors 

ican  and  Foreign  Patent  Solicitors.  Established  in 
1860.  Their  long  experience  as  journalists  and  large  prac- 
tice as  patent  attorneys  enables  them  to  off  er  Pacific  Coast 
inventors  far  better  Bervice  than  they  can  obtain  else- 
where. Send  for  free  circulars  of  information.  Office  of 
the  Mining  and  Scientific  Press  and  Pacific  Rural 
Press,  No.  202  Sansome  St.,  San  Francisco. 


May  31,  1879.] 


MINING 


SCIENTIFIC 


THE  CALIFORNIA  POWDER  WORKS. 


MANUFACTURERS  OF 


Sporting,  Cannon,   Mining,   Blasting  and 

HERCULES  POWDER 


HERCULES  TOW  DEE  will  break  more  rock,  is  stronger,  safer  ;md  better  tlmu  any  oth. 
Explosive  in  use,  and  is  the  only  Nitro-Glycerine  Powder  ohomically  compounded  to  ueutrali; 
the  poisonous  fumes,  notwithstanding  bombastic  and  pretentious  claims  by  others. 

It  derives  its  rnuno  from  Hkiuixbs,  ihc  most  famous  licroot  Greek  Mythology,  who  was  gifted  with  Buporhumau 
strength.    On  one  oocasioo  hL-  slew  several  giants  who  opposed  Him,  and  with  one  blow  of 

liis  club  broke  a  high  mountain   frmii  Bummlt  to  bass. 


No. 
No. 


1  XX)  is  the  Strongest  Explosive  Known. 

2  is  superior  to  any  powder  of  that  grade, 

PATENTED  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE. 


ORDERS  RECEIVED  FOR  HERCULES  CAPS  AND  FUSE. 

JOHN  F.  LOHSE,  SECY. 

Office,  No.  230  California  Street,  -  -  San  Francisco,  Oal. 


Trail  Hygienic,  Meal  ml  Surgical  Sanitarium. 

No.   8   Ellis  Street,   San   Francisco,   Oal. 
Treatment  by  a  Purely  Scientific  and  Rational  Method  Without  Drugs  of  any  Kind. 

THE    TREATMENT    DEPARTMENT    EMBRACES    AEL    APPROVED  REMEDIAL  AGENTS,  AS  OXYGEN 
INHALATIONS.      VACUUM      TREATMENT.       THERMO-ELECTRIC,      TTJRCO-AMERICAIT, 
ELECTRO-MAGNETIC,   GALVANO-QEEMICAL,    STEAM,    VAEOJR.    WARM 
AIR,     AND    ALL    FORMS    OF    WATER    BATHS; 
Swedish  Movements.  The  Health  Lift,  Spirometer  or  Lung  Strengthened  Steam  Atomizers,  all  Electric,  Galvanic  ami  Surgical 
Appliances.  Sun  Baths  and  Solar  Ray  Surgery,  new  and  perfect  Truss  lor  the  Radical  Cure  of  Hernia,  lately  discovered 
Chemical  Compound  for  the  speedy,  safe,  painless  and  permanent  removal  of  Cancers,  Sei<  otitic  and  successful  method 
for  the  Cure  of  Piles,  etc,  etc. 

*3r.Aims  to  keep  Abreast  with,  if  not  in  advance  of  the  Progressive  Age.TSa 

It  has  been  the  mission  of  this  System  to  mold  public  sentiment, 
and  this  Institution  will  hope  to  he  no  disgrace  to  the  immortal  name 
it.  has  assumed.  The  time  has  come  when  Physician*  of  this  School  can 
afford  financially  to  keep  a  conscience;  in  fact  it  is  disastrous  financially 
as  well  as  morally  to  compromise  the  truth  one  iota;  hence  patients  can 
rest  assured  that  they  will  be  treated  by  the  Physicians  after  the  most 
approved  and  scientific  methods,  out  of  pure  and  enlightened  selfish- 
ness, recognizing  the  truth  ami  beauty  of  this  great  principle: 

"The  universe  is  so  ordered  and  arranged  that  tfte  real  olid  pi  nhani  nt 
j/ood  of  every  creature  t(j  best  subserved  in  promoting  the  real  and  pernio* 
nent  good  of  every  other  being." 

THE  BOARDING  DEPARTMENT. 

The  table  will  be  supplied  with  the  best  the  excelsior  market  of  the 
world  affords,  embracing  fruits,  grains,  vegetables,  meats,  fish,  fowl, 
eggs,  cream,  etc.  Regular  and  transient,  boarders  will  be  accommodated 
as  well  a-t  patient*.  Business  and  professional  men  and  women  who  are 
tired  of  restaurant  fare,  may  appreciate  eating  to  live  a  more  healthful 
ami  enjoyable  life.  Pure  food  means  pure  blood.  Pure  blood  means 
gOOti  health. 

"The  vegetarian  school  has  demonstrated  beyond  the  possibility  of 

a  doubt  that  farinaceous  dishes,  sweet  milk  and    fruit,  are  sufficient  to 
maintain  a  hard  worfcvna  man  In  perfect  health.     Such  a  diet  might  cer- 
be  substituted  by  sedentary  people  for  their  greasy  speaks  and  ragouts.—  Popular  Science  MontMy,  Deccmoer,  JS78. 
Booms   are  pleasant,   warm,   well   ventilated  and  sunny;  convenient  to  treatment 
rooms,  so  as  to  afford  the  best  advantage  ot  nursing-  and  professional  attendance. 


tainly 

The 


GENERAL    PRACTICE. 


Fevers,  and  in  fact  all  cases  may  be  treated  at  home  successfully.    Patuntion  confinement  eases  are  taken  in  the  Insti 
tUtion  or  attended  at  home  in  any  part  of  the  city  or  country      I'rcpnra  tmy  l,i  eminent  in  these  cases  is  urnst  important 

Testimonials  of  extraordinary  cases  and  cures  cun  he  seen  on  application.  I  he  most  Oi 
those  that  have  been  given  up  as  incurable  by  the  old  methods,  are  invited.  Puerperal  and 
cases,  after  all  other  methods  have  failed,  may  be  said  to  be,  a  specialty.     Rdj  bend  for  the  1 


and  especially 
ind  diphtheria 
Journal. 


DRS.  D.  C.  &.  MRS.  E.  D.  MOORE, 

Trail  Hygienic  Sanitarium,  8  Ellis  St.,  S.  F. 


THE 

AD  sizes, 

and  adapted  to 

from 

3  to  500 

feet  head 


AMERICAN 

UUBXE 


Water  Wheels 

THE  BEST  IN  THE 
"WORLD  ! 

Send  for  our  Circular 

and  Prices. 
BERRY  &.  PLACE. 

Market  St.,  Head   of  Front, 

San  Francisco. 


Ba".A*rio:Krj&.i« 

SAFETY  PAPER 

FOR  CHECKS,  DRAFTS,  ETC. 
Asurcprot.  crion acainst Hie rnlstne' of  Cliecksand  Drafts. 
Merchants   '     il  I  iiavc  [In  ij  Checks  and  Drafts  primed 
on  this  papi  i  foi    elf-protcction. 

H.  S.  CROCKER  &.  CO. 

Agents  for  the  Pacific  Coast* 


LAND 


Good  land  that  will  mise  a  crop  every 
year.  Over  14,000  acres  for  sale  ill  lots  to 
suit.  Climate  healthy.  No  drouths,  bad 
floods,  nor  malaria.  Wood  and  water 
convenient.  U.  S.  Title,  perfect.  Send  stamp  for  illus- 
trated circular,  to  EDWARD  FRISB1E,  Proprietor  of 
Reading  Ranch,  Anderson,  Shasta  County,  Cal, 


THE  SAFETY  POWDER  COMPANY 


San  Francisco,  Cal. 


CARTRIDGE. 


GEN.  W.  S.  ROSECRANS. 
President. 


Fuse  Lighter  and  Fuse. 


Safety  Cap  land  Fuse. 


COL.  SAIW'L  0.  GREGORY, 
Secretary. 


Electric  Cap. 


Safety  Powder,  Caps,  Electric  Caps,  and  Fuse  Lighters. 

Under  a  scries  of  U.  S.  Patents,  after  long  and  carefully  conducted  experiments  and  thou- 
sands of  tests,  this  Company  is  prepared  to  manufacture  and  supply,  for  Mining  and  Engineering 
Works,  the  above  named  articles  at  prices  and  on  terms  as  favorable  as  articles  of  similar  grades 
are  now  supplied  in  this  market.  Our  Powders  contain  no  Nitro-glycerine,  no  Nitroline,  no  Gun 
Cotton,  no  Fulminates,  and  are  free  from  the  unavoidable  dangers  in  manufacturing 
transporting,  handling  and  using  of  all  high  grade  explosives  which  contain  those  elements. 

Cold  does  not  afFect  them.  They  cause  no  headaches  or  other  inconveniences  in  handling, 
and  the  smoke  from  their  explosion  contains  no  poisoning  or  sickening  vapors. 

Their  blasting  force,  with  slight  tamping,  at  least  equals  that  of  any  Powders  now  used,  but 
they  admit  and  require  strong  tamping  to  bring  out  their  immense  and  peculiar  lifting  power 
which  follows  their  detonating  work.     They  should  be  fired,  therefore,  by  our 

Safety   Cap, 

Which  allows  tamping  without  danger.  They  can  be  fired  by  any  caps  now  employed  in  blasting, 
but  the  use  of  these  is  always  daugerous  with  any  Powder,  and  the  loss  of  the  throwing  power 
resulting  from  lack  of  tamping  renders  it  with  our  Powders  doubly  objectionable. 

Our  SAFETY  CAPS  have  twice  or  thrice  the  force  of  triple  Giant  Caps.  When  set  on  fire 
they  do   not  explode,   but  merely  burn  off,  and  are  perfectly  safe  in  transporting  and  in  tampisg. 

In  round  tin  boxes,  50  cents. 

The  Safety   Fuse   Lighter, 

Cheap,  handy  and  sure  to  light  the  Fuse  upon  the  end  of  which  it  is  fastened,  only  needs  a  trial 
to  be  appreciated  by  every  miner  who  is  up  to  "snuffs."     25  Cents  per  box;  sent  by  mail. 

Safety   Fuse, 

Equal  to  the  best  in  the  market,  will  be  supplied  at  the  lowest  market  prices. 


a  m 


GIOVASNISI 


417  and  419  Miesion  Street.    -    -    SAN  FRANCISCO. 


The  attention  of  our  customers  and  especially  of  those  interested  in 
Water  Works,  Gas  Worka  or  Mines  is  respectfully  called  to  our  very  im- 
portant improvement  iu  the  construction  of  Stop  Valves  [or  Gates).  They 
differ  from  all  others  in  that  the  inner  faces  are  perfectly  parallel,  there- 
fore when  the  Gate  or  Valvo  is  to  be  opened,  at  the  first  movement  of  the 
screw  the  center  block  (see  out)  releases  the  disks  from  then- hearings,  so 
that  they  will  move  easily  and  prevent  the  wearing  of  the  inner  faces. 

This  Gate  has  nroved  very  efficient  iu  Pipes  of  all  sizes,  and  under  any 
pressure  and  from  its  double  form  and  perfect  joint  formation  is  especially 
valuable  for  use  in  large  Pipes  tor  water,  steam  and  gas,  and  from  its 
avoidance  of  any  wedge  shape  cannot  jam  at  any  point  [see cut). 

Thc.di.  A'  IS.  Valves  (or 'Gates)  have  no  equal  in  simplicity  of  construc- 
tion  of  aU  working  parts,  cane  of  access  for  repairs,  ami  durability. 

We  have  recently  enlarged  and  fitted  up  our  Brass  Foundry  and  Shop 
With  all  the  latest  improved  Tools  and  Machinery,  thus  greatly  increasing 
our  facilities  for  rapidly  executing  orders  for  all  sizeB  of  Stop  Valves  (or 
Gates)  from  three-inch  to  four  feet  in  diameter,  or  any  size,  to  order.  Wo 
guarantee  tbepi  to  give  better  satisfaction,  cost  less  money,  and  last 
longer  than  any  other  Valve  in  use. 

We  are  al  10  prepared  to  execute  all  orders  in  Brass  Work  for  Breweries, 
Distilleries,  Plumbers,  Gas  and  Mining  Apparatus,  Ship  Work,  Soda  Ap- 
paratus, Steiini  Fittiuus.  Meters,  Ganges  and  Indicators.  Also  in  Machine 
Pattern  and  Model  Making,  ami  Clock  Work.  Gear  cut  to  order.  Brass 
Castings  of  all  kinds.  We  are  confident  of  our  ability,  and  all  orders  en- 
trusted to  us  will  be  executed  with  promptness  and  dispatch, 

GIO  VANNINI  &  CO. ,  417  &  419  Mission  St. ,  S.  F. 
Liberal  Discount  to  the  Trade.  jTSTSend  for  Circular 


D.  F.  HUTCHINGS. 


D.  M.  DUNNE. 


J.  SANDERSON 


IFIHICEJNriCIX:    OIL    WORKS, 

HUTCHINGS     &     CO., 

OIL    and    COMMISSION    MERCHANTS, 

Manufacturers  and  Dealers  in  Sperm.-Whale,  Lard,  Machinery  and  Illuminating  Oils. 
517    FRONT    STREET     SAN    FRANCISCO. 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[May  31,    1879. 


Machinery  Depot, 


No.  417  Market  Street,  San  Francisco. 

.    NO.   7    IMPROVED 

AIR    COMPRESSOR. 


With  Adjustable  Cut-off  Poppet  Valve  Engine,  and  Forced  Iron  Crank  Shafts. 


SPECIAL    ADVANTAGES. 

Absolute  certainty  in  the  action  of  the  valves  at  any  speed.  Perfect  delivery  of  the  air  at  anv 
speed  or  pressure.  The  heating  of  the  air  entirely  prevented  at  any  pressure.  Takes  less  -pater  to 
cool  the  air  than  any  other  Compressor. 

Power  applied  to  the  best  advantage.  Access  obtainable  to  all  the  valves  by  removing  air  chest 
covers.  Entire  absence  of  springs  or  friction  to  open  or  shut  the  valves.  No  valve  stems  to  break 
and  drop  insideof  cylinders. 

Have  no  back  or  front  heads  to  break.  The  only  Machine  that  makes  a  perfect  diagram.  No 
expensive  foundations  required.     Absolute  economy  in  first  cost  and  after  working. 

Displacements  in  air  cylinder  perfect.  Showing  less  leakage  and  friction  than  our  competitors 
and  a  superior  economy  of  about  20  per  cent. 

Small  Sizes  made  in  Sections  not  to  Exceed  300  lbs. 


GOLD  AND  SILVER 

Grinding  and  Amalgamating 
MACHINERY. 

Stamp  Mille,  Rock  Breakers,  Crushing  Rolls,  Amalgama- 
ting Pans  aud  Separators  for  Gold  and  Silver  Ores,  Chloro- 
dizing  Furnaces,  Retorts,  Rock  Drills,  Air  Compressors,  Steel 
Shoes  and  Dies  for  Stamps,  and  every  description  of  Mine 
and  Mill  Supplies. 


SPEERY'S 

Wrought-lron    Frame 

FOR    STAMP    MILLS. 

Great  saving  in  time  and  money  over  the  wood  frame.  Is 
made  complete  with  wtought-iron  framn  ready  to  put  upon 
the  foundation,  requiring  no  skilled  millwright.  These  mills 
a?e  unsurpassed  in  excellence  in  every  particular. 

We  are  furnishing  all  the  Machinery  for  a  10-Stamp  Gold 
Mill,  including  Crucible,  Steel  Shoe3  and  Dies,  Boiler  and 
Engine,  Counter  Shafting,  Pulleys,  etc.,  Stamps  weighing 
450  lbs.  each,  with  Copper  Plate  inside  of  the  Mortars,  and 
for  tables  outside,  making  all  the  Machinery  complete  for  a 
10-Stamp  Mill  for  the  sum  of 

S2,250. 

"We  construct  Mills  with  Stamps  weighing  from  350  to  900 
ft>3.  for  gold  ■  r  Silver  Ores.  Wet  or  dry  Crushing  Mortars. 
Will  contract  to  erect  complete  Gold  and  Silver  Mills  on  the 
most  improved  plans.  We  have  30  years'  expeiience  in  min- 
ing and  milling  Gold  and  Silver  Ores,  and  can  compete  with 
the  world.     Send  for  a  circular.    Address 

M0REY  &  SPERRY, 

No.  145  Broadway,       -      -      NEW  YORK. 

A     CARD. 

To    Parties    Interested    in    Mining 
and  Milling. 

Call  at  J.  HBNDY'S,  N.  E.  comer  of  Mission  and 
Fremont  Streets,  San  Francisco,  and  examine  COLEMAN'S 
.  PATENT  SLUICE.  It  will  save  both  float  aud  flour  Gold. 
The  best  system  yet  devised.  No  power  required  to  work 
it.  Examine  it  and  judge  for  yourselves  before  purchas- 
nsj  elsewhere. 

Tnis  paper  is  printed  ■with  Ink  furnished,  by 
Chaa.  Eneu  Johnson  &  Co.,  509  South  loth 
St.,  Philadelphia  &  59  Gold  St.,  N.  Y. 


MANUFACTURED  UNDER  A.   NOBEL'S  ORIGINAL  AND  ONLY  VALID  NITRO-GLYCERINE  PATENTS 

Nos.  ONE,    TWO    and    THREE. 
Stronger,    Better  and  Safer  than  any  other  High  Explosive. 


Judson    Powder 

IS  NOW  USED  IN  ALL  LARGE  HYDRAULIC  CLAIMS. 
It  breaks  more  ground,  pulverizes  it  better,  saves  time  and  money,  and  is    superseding:    the    ordinary 
powder  whercvor  it  is  tried.    JlSTTriple  Force  Caps  and  all  Grades  of  Fuse. 

BANDMANN,  NIELSEN    &   CO., 

SAN    FRANCISCO,    CAL. 


PATENT  - 


«71  EPIHilOB 

Prevents  Lead  Poisoning 
and  Salivation. 


INVALUABLE  to  those  engaged  in  Dry  Crushing" 
Quartz  Mills,  Quicksilver  Mines,  Guano 
Works,  White  Lead  Corroding-,  Feeding- 
Threshing'  Machines  and  all  occupations  where  the 
surrounding  atmosphere  is  filled  with  dust,  obnoxious 
smells  or  poisonous- vapors.  The  Respirators  are  sold 
subject  to  approval  after  trial,  and  if  not  satisfactory  the 
price  will  bV.  refunded.  Price  $3  each,  or  $30  per 
dozen.    Sent  post-paid  to  any  address  upon  receipt  of  price 

SETH  MARSHALL,  Jr.,  Agent, 

309   California  Street,    San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Send  for  Descriptive  Circulars  containing  testimonials 
of  well-known  parties  who  are  at  present  using  them. 


VULCAN  BLASTING  POWDER. 

The  Strongest,  Safest,  Most  Uniform  and  Reliable  "HIGH 
EXPLOSIVE"  Manufactured  on  the  Coast. 

MINERS  TESTIFY  THAT  IT  IS    FREE  FROM  OBJECTIONABLE   FUMES. 

We  call  the  attention  of  all  desiring  such  a  Powder  to  our  various  grades,  which 
we  are  prepared  to  sell  at  LOWEST  RATES. 

Mn      1    Equalling- Liquid  Nitro-Glycerine  in  Strength.     We  recommend  this 

11  Ui     I  *        Grade  in  extremely  hard  rock,  boulders,  iron,  etc. 

Mn     O  Will   do  the  work  thoroughly  in  all  but   the   hardest   kinds    of 

llUi    £..       rock. 


Mn,     O  For   bench  work,  pipe-clay,  soft  and  shelly   rock,  outside    work 

II  Ui    tli        an(]  quarrying. 

Single  and  Triple   Force  Caps,   Fuse  of  all  Grades,  Vulcan 

Powder  Thawing  Boxes,  Batteries  and  Exploders, 

For  Sale  at  the  Lowest  Rates. 

VULCAN    POWDER    COMPANY, 


Office,  123  California  Street,  Booms  25  and  J 


SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 


Testimonials  as  to  the  perfect 
working  of  the  Concentrator  to  he 
seen  at  the  office. 


The  FRUE  ORE  CONCENTRATOR. 

Adams  &  Carter,  Agents. 

JOHN    M.    ADAMS.  WE     F.    CARTER. 

MINING  AND  MECHANICAL  ENGINEERS. 

Room  7,  No.  109  California  St.,  San  Francisco.    P.  O .  Box  2,06 


I.  S.  HJLLLIDIE. 

Office,  (Jo.  6  CayfwyiiaXSreetj 


in  aU  Hiutsof 

Iron  Mid'  Steel  Wire  Rope, 

Flat  and  Round,  forMinwzJ}hIppingt 
{foisting  and  GjqmqTyjxPoses. 

Having  (Wlnolt  cMtfSlets  >Bfr  eitensiTl 
WiivitSte  VSfcrka  id  th«>0iiited  State*.  I  ho 
pnpwedroinalnfattan  Wirollope and  Cablet 
of  an  Alfingth  or  size  at  short  notice,  and  guar* 
intee  the  quality  and  workmanship  equal  to 
»ny  mads  at  home  or  a  bra*ir"*v 

Iron,  SteeI-aji5\Garva)lzed  Wire 

Of  all  &fea  o&  bafe\orluade  to  order. 

Barbfed"  Tence  Wire. 

BoIeftoprjoter^I  "yA    .   - 

Hallidie^  -YEi^effi*>E6j»6way, 

Fetfi tn«Ma8po  ^atlefflof  Ores;  EtcV 
»arSon.*S(J>r  aT&cular. 

A.  S.  HAIIIDIE, 

Qfflce,  No.  6  California  St.,  Ban  Francisco 


GARDNERS' 

Celebrated 


Governor 


These  Steam  Governors  have  long 
been  known  as  THE  BEST,  and 
as  lately  Improved  and  Per- 
fected, they  have  no  Rival. 

THE    SAFETY    STOP 

On  these  Governors  is  alone  worth  double  the  price  of 
the  Governor.    We  have  sold  over  Bix  hundred,  and 

Never  one  has  Failed. 

They  are  sold  at  the  same  price  (or  less)  as  ordinary 
Governors.    Send  for  Circular. 

BERRY  &   PLACE, 

Market,  head  of  Front  St..  San  Francisco 


A  CHEAP  QUARTZ    MILL. 

The  Mexican  Arastra  Americanized 

So  aB  to  pulverize  five  times  as  fast  and  amalgamate  as 
perfect.    Call  and  see  it  or  send  for  Circulars. 

ALMAEIN  B.  PAUL, 
Room  20,  Safe  Deposit  Building,  San  Francisco 


PubllKhei-s 


A    CO., 


SAN  FRANCISCO,  SATURDAY,  JUNE  7,  1879. 


VOLUME    XXXVIII 
Number    23. 


The  Discovery  of  Gold  in  India. 

It  appears,  from  the  London  Mining  Journal, 
that  rich  gold  deposits  have  recently  been  dis- 
covered in  the  district  of  South  Wynaad,  India. 
These  deposits  are  spread  over  an  area  of  25 
miles  by  13,  and  no  less  than  90  outcrops  of  ore 
reefs,  with  a  thickness  of  two  to  four  feet,  have 
already  been  located.  The  ore  yiulds  from  a 
few  pennyweights  to  200  ounceB  of  gold  per  ton. 
These  veins  are  declared  to  be  very  similar  to 
some  of  those  most  successfully  worked  in  Vic- 
toria, Australia — abundance  of  visible  gold,  and 
the  quartz  stained  with  iron  in  just  the  same 
way.  Other  specimens  show  the  gold  in  a 
nicely  decomposed  matrix,  while  others  consist 
of  rich  auriferous  gravels.  It  appears  that  the 
district  has  been  hitherto  regarded  almost  ex- 
clusively as  a  coffee-producing  district,  and  that 
Messrs.  Smith,  Fleming  &  Co.  have  been 
actively  engaged  in  connection  with  the  matter 
for  the  last  two  or  three  years,  but  have  delayed 
investigation  in  consequence  of  the  tedious  ne- 
gotiations for  securing  planters'  rights.  At  the 
present  time,  however,  they  have  every  facility 
for  extensive  and  profitable  operations. 

A  few  months  ago  this  district  was  inspected, 
on  behalf  of  Messrs.  Smith,  Fleming  &  Co.,  by 
Mr.  Oliver  Pegler,  A.  R.  S.  M.,  the  substance 
of  whose  report  we  quote  in  this  article.  Mr. 
Pegler's  report  is  necessarily  crude  and  prelimi- 
nary, owing  to  the  difficulties  of  making  a  care- 
ful and  thorough  inspection,  being  obliged  to 
resort  to  a  ruse  to  visit  some  of  the  ledges,  and 
elude  the  vigilance  of  the  natives.  Enough, 
however,  is  known  to  show  beyond  doubt  that 
the  district  is  capable  of  yielding  enormous 
wealth. 

The  range  of  mountains  on  which  the  Wynaad 
district  is  situated  is  of  very  ancient  date,  be- 
longing to  the  palaeozoic  period,  more  especially 
to  that  of  the  silurian  formations.  The  highest 
peaks  of  the  range  are  formed  of  hard,  dense, 
dark  crystalline  rocks  of  the  metamorphic  series 
of  granites,  etc.  The  softer  varieties  of  rocks 
are  present  and  form  the  valleys  adjacent  to  the 
peaks.  These  latter  are  of  a  lighter  color,  and 
give  a  red  and  brown  appearance  to  the  oountry. 
The  average  altitude  ranges  from  7,400  to  8,400 
feet.  The  whole  of  the  formations  are  impreg- 
nated with  black  magnetic  oxide  of  iron,  which, 
after  a  shower  of  rain,  appears  as  black  sand  on 
surfaces  where  water  has  run  over  in  streams. 
The  whole  of  the  country  is  ramified  with  a  run 
of  bold  quartz  veins,  which  are  true  ledges. 
The  general  run  of  these  ledges  is  parallel,  the 
direction  of  the  strike  being  almost  invariably 
north  and  south.  These  ledges,  which  are  met 
with  in  every  part  of  the  country,  are  often  of 
great  breadth,  15,  20,  and  30  feet  in  thickness, 
and  are  composed  of  white  crystalline  compact 
quartz,  identical  in  every  respect  with  the  vein 
qnartz  of  Russia,  Australia,  California  and  Ne- 
vada. 

The  quartz  is  of  varied  character,  changing 
from  the  compact,  sub-crystalline,  milk-white 
stone  to  a  decomposed  granite  more  or  less  fer- 
ruginous. The  large  outcrops  are  of  the  former, 
but  as  the  depth  is  increased  the  quality 
changes  into  a  decomposed  ferruginous  stone. 
The  Bear  ledge  is  an  instance  of  the  latter, 
while  the  Monarch  ledge  traced  for  nine  miles 
shows  a  bold,  dense  lode,  with  an  outcrop  of 
true  chloride  or  greenstone  running  very  near 
it.  From  the  appearance  of  the  quartz  ledges 
it  is  plain  that  the  dense,  compact,  heavy  lodes 
have  resisted  denudation,  and  thus  the  high 
ridges  and  hill-tops  are  formed,  while  the  softer 
portions  of  the  ledge  have  been  eroded  away. 
The  native  miners  avoided  these  adamantine 
ledges,  and  confined  their  working  to  the  softer 
and  more  yielding  ledges  on  lower  elevations. 

There  can  be  no  doubt  thac  a  great  portion  of 
the  gold  is  closely  combined  with  and  held 
imprisoned  by  iron  pyrites,  which  is  undoubtedly 
auriferous  in  nature,  and  much  resembles  the 
auriferous  pyrites  of  the  Nevada  mines.  The 
ancient  native  miners  well  knew  this,  and  cal- 
cined all  the  stone  before  attempting  to  separate 
the  sought-for-gold,  and  to  this  day  the  intelli- 
gent Korumbars,  who  still  mine  and  search  for 
£old,  calcine  before  crushing,  washing  "and 
Amalgamating  the  residual  fine  gold. 

Operations    are    only   carried  on  by  native 


washers  in  the  recent  surface  earth,  which 
spreads  over  the  whole  country,  aud  in  the 
present  river  beds  and  bars.  But  little  is  known 
of  recent  deep  alluvial  deposits,  which  occur  as 
large  extending  fiats,  and  are  now  swamps 
utilized  for  cultivating  rice  and  paddy.  At  or 
near  Devalah  in  this  district,  Mr.  Pegler  dis- 
covered evidences  of  extensive  old  workings  on 
one  of  these  flats,  numerous  pits  or  shafts  having 
been  sunk,  probably  to  the  lower  white  clay  or 
mother  rock,  and  the  lower  stratum  of  recent 
earth,  debris  or  clay,  would  contain  the  gold. 

Satisfactory  proofs  have  been  arrived  at  of 
the  presence  of  ancient  deposits  in  the  Wynaad, 
a  Mr.  King  having  made  a  closer  inspection.  At 


B,   lowest    layer,    very    large    pebbles,    much 
rounded. 

There  is  no  room  for  conjecture  in  regard  to 
the  ancient  working  of  these  deposits,  in  fact 
the  accidental  circumstances  which  brought 
them  to  light  were  merely  a  rediscovery.  We 
reserve  for  another  article  an  examination  into 
these  ancient  workings.  We  subjoin,  however, 
a  cut  showing  remains  of  old  work  in  the  shape 
of  retraced  sluicings,  the  face  of  each  stage  being 
built  up  with  country  stone,  granite,  or  similar 
material. 

Wanted,  a  Supplementary  "Smoke-Con- 
sumer."— Among  the  recent   triumphs  of  me- 


FIG.    1.      CEMENT    BED,    SEEPUTTEE. 


Seeputtee,  the  present  river  of  that  name  has 
cut  through  an  ancient  and  true  cement  deposit. 
The  ancient  bed  exists  as  a  mixture  of  rolled 
pebbles,  mostly  quartz  stooe,  etc.,  cemented 
with  the  sand  and  also  white  clayey  and  silici- 
ous  seams  into  a  hard  dense  conglomerate.  The 
natives  had  anciently  made  some  attempts  at 
working  the  bed,  and  had  evidently  removed 
some  four  tons  of  the  material,  but  the  small 
amount  of  gold  present  discouraged  further 
»vork.  There  can  be  no  doubt  that  the  lowest 
strata  of  this  deposit  might  be  worked  to  a 
profit,  as  there  is  sufficient  water  adjacent  for 
almost  any  purpose. 

The  bed  rests  on  the  mother  rock,  which  is 


chanical  genius  is  tho  "smoke-consuming  en- 
gine." What  of  annoyance  from  smoke,  soot 
and  flying  cinders  is  through  this  device  avoided, 
much- traveled  people  by  rail  can  attest.  Would 
now  some  inventor  arise  equal  to  the  occasion, 
and  through  the  contrivance  of  a  "smoke-con- 
suming tobacco  sucker,"  relieve  the  world  of 
that  first-class  abomination,  he  would  entitle 
himself  to  the  thanks  of  the  self-respecting  and 
cleanly  for  all  time  to  come.  If  only  the  fumes 
sent  off  by  this  most  offensive  class  of  "suckers" 
could  be  estopped  from  entering  and  poisoning 
the  atmosphere,  the  unpoluted  portion  of  man- 


FIG.    2.      ANCIENT    WORKING    IN    INDIA] 


very  soft  and  decomposed,  of  a  red  color,  as  if 
of  a  granite  or  gneissic  nature.  The  present 
stream  cuts  it  almost  at  right  angles,  and  there 
can  be  no  doubt  that  the  old  bed  represents  a 
true  auriferous  cement  deposit,  and  was  de- 
posited by  a  very  different  system  of  river 
courses  and  flow  to  those  existing  at  the  present 
day.  It  has  been  pierced  to  some  20  or  30  feet 
by  a  drift,  which  was  full  of  water  when  dis- 
covered, but  which  did  not  prevent  inspection. 

We  give  a  faithful  representation  of  the  allu- 
vial cement  bed  at  Seeputtee,  as  it  appears  on 
the  river  side. 

A,  A,  surface  soil,  from  5  to  10  feet ;  B, 
cement  bed,  or  ancient  river  bed  ;  O,  decom- 
posed vertical  rock ;  D,  present  river  Seeputtee; 
E,  old  working ;  F,  short  drift,  recent ;  G,  ex- 
cavation in  soft  ropk  under  old  cement  beds ; 


kind,  without  excusing  the  filthy  habit  ofjihese 
people,  might  feel  constrained  to  endure  the 
stench  emitted  by  their  persons  in  sadness  and 
silence.  We  await  the  advent  of  this  gifted  in- 
ventor. 

Our  Agent  .in  Nevada. — Mr.  S.  V.  Blakes- 
lee,  traveling  agent  and  correspondent  for  the 
Press,  is  now  on  his  way  through  Nevada  in 
the  interest  of  our  publications.  He  will  rep- 
resent us  in  business  transactions  and  will  keep 
our  readers  informed  of  the  latest  phases  of  in- 
dustrial progress  which  come  under  his  obser- 
vation. We  bespeak  him  a  kind  reception 
among  our  friends  in  the  Silver  State, 

It  is  thought  that  Germany  will  return  to  the 
bi-metallic  policy. 


A  Breezy  Time  and  a  Booming  Market. 

The  Evening  Post,  of  sound  judgment  gener- 
ally on  mining  matters,  avers  that  this  is  going 
to  be  a  grand  year  for  mining  excitements, 
especially  on  the  Comstock  range.  And  this 
excitement  is  not  going  to  be  a  tame  affair  either, 
nor  yet  local  in  its  effects — it  is  to  be  wide-spread 
and  a  very  whirlwind,  sweeping  the  country 
from  the  Atlantic  to  the  Pacific.  And  in  this 
we  suspect  our  contemporary  is  right.  We  gueBB 
things  are  going  to  be  a  little  breezy  in  the 
stock  world  before  long.  And  why  not!  Are 
not  our  finances  in  a  healthful  condition  and  the 
country  in  a  prosperous  way?  Though  not  ex- 
actly flourishing  our  industries  are  improving, 
and  there  is  not  by  one  per  cent,  as  much  misery 
in  the  land  as  there  was  a  year  or  two  ago. 

Through  some  slightly  restricted  expenditure 
and  the  practice  of  a  little  more  economy  our 
people  have  so  traveled  up  out  of  the  valley 
of  tribulation  and  suffering  that  they  can 
perceive  on  the  far  off  horizon  a  faint  gleam 
of  better  times.  Of  course  they  can,  and  being 
a  sensible  people  and  grateful  withal,  shall  they 
not  now  show  their  appreciation  of  such  slight 
amendment  in  their  material  affairs  by  indulging 
in  a  little  stock  speculation?  Now  that  they  can 
afford  it,  shall  they  not  hazard  a  little  money 
in  the  mining  share  market  which  promises  soon 
such  animation  and  profit?  We  should  say 
they  might,  and  advise  all  who  require  further 
lessons  in  this  school  to  come  right  up  and  take 
them  now.  If  their  system  needs  this  sort  of 
medicine  it  is  as  well  to  take  it  and  get  cured 
at  once. 

To  a  person  of  this  kind  we  would  say,  if  you 
have  not  the  money  in.  bank  or  just  where  you 
can  lay  your  hand  upon  it,  why,  pawn  your 
watch,  spout  your  jewelry,  mortgage  your 
homestead  or  hypothecate  your  wages  and  raise 
it.  This,  in  the  first  instance;  it  will  be  time 
enough  to  abstract  the  public  funds  committed 
to  your  care,  misapply  fiduciary  trusts  and 
steal  from  your  employer  after  these  private 
resources  have  been  exhausted.  But  in  no 
event  should  you  neglect  the  opportunity 
afforded  to  make  money  by  this  promised  boom- 
ing of  the  stock  market.  To  all  who  have  not  yet 
had  enough  to  do  with  this  wretched  business 
of  stock  gambling  we  would  say,  jump  in  and 
at  the  approaching  upheaval  have  done  with  it. 
Don't  be  scrupulous,  don't  delay;  discount  the 
good  time  coming  and  make  baste  to  be  rich. 
Catch  the  scent  and  follow  the  trail  of  fleeting 
fortune  though  it  lead  through  insanity  and 
suicide  down  to  the  chambers  of  final  perdition. 
Go  in,  you  may  not  live  to  see  another  booming 
market,  and  even  though  you  loose  your  money 
you  may  yet  enjoy  yourself,  for,  as  Hudibraa 
puts  it, 

"Some  think  the  pleasure  is  as  great 
In  being  cheated  as  to  cheat," 

As  remarked  at  the  outset,  we  should  not  be 
surprised  to  Bee  greater  animation  in  mining 
shares  before  long.  A  movement  looking  to 
that  end  is  in  progress.  The  machine  is  being 
charged  and  after  a  few  more  turns  of  the  crank 
will  begin  to  sparkle  and  splutter,  preparatory 
to  throwing  off  those  brilliant  corruacations  that 
so  electrify  the  stock  market.  If  when  it  gets 
well  at  work  a  good  many  shall  be  struck  with 
metaphorical  lightning  it  will  be  in  accordance 
with  past  experience  and  the  purpose  for  which 
the  thing  was  gotten  up. 

Meteorological  Summary  for  May. — The 
report  of  the  United  States  Signal  Service  officer 
of  San  Francisco,  for  the  month  of  May  is  sum- 
marized as  follows:  The  mean  hight  of  baro- 
meter for  the  month  was  30.10;  mean  temper- 
ature, 55.9;  mean  humidity,  70.7;  prevailing 
winds,  west;  highest  barometer,  30.29;  lowest, 
29.92;  highest  temperature,  75°;  lowest  45°; 
monthly  range,  26.5°;  greatest  velocity  of  wind, 
30  miles  per  hour;  total  number  of  miles  traveled 
by  wind,  7,923;  total  rainfall,  2.33  inches. 
Rainfall  in  May  during  former  years:  1872,  .18 
inches;  1873,  3.00  inches;  1874,  .66  inches;  1875, 
.22  inches:  1876,  .24  inches;  1877,  .18  inches; 
1878,  .16  inches. 

The  Senate  has  passed  the  bill  making  subsi- 
diary silver  coins  interchangeable  with  green- 
backs  or  standard  silver  dollars. 


362 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[June  7,  1879. 


CORRESPONDENCE. 


We  admit,  unendorsed,  opinions  of  correspondents.  —Eds. 


Working  Base  Ores  in  Utah. 

Editors  Press:— Believing  that  an  article  on 
the  subject  of  amalgamating  base  metal  ores 
will  be  of  interest  to  your  readers,  I  send 
you  the  following  account  of  the  successful 
working  of  base  metal  tailings  at  the  Marsae 
mill,  in  this  place,  by  H.  S.  Jacobs,  a  profes- 
sional amalgamator  and  expert  of  long  prac- 
tical experience.  I  will  treat  the  subject  as 
fully  as  it  may  be  done,  without  trenching  upon 
professional  secrets,  for,  like  other  skilled  labor, 
this  handling  of  ores  becomes  a  complicated 
art  proportionately  with  the  increase  of  the 
base  metals,  and  the  difficulty  of  separating  the 
precious  metals  therefrom  without  great  loss  of 
quicksilver. 

In  order  to  do  this  successfully  the  amalgam- 
ator must  possess  a  considerable  knowledge  of 
metallurgy  and  also  of  chemistry,  in  so  far  as  it 
relates  to  the  dissolving  power  of  chemicals 
upon  sulphurets,  pellurets,  antimony,  arsenic, 
etc. ;  and  tends  to  keep  the  quicksilver  in  per- 
fect form  so  that  amalgamation  may  take  place 
before  new  combinations,  are  formed  of  the  freed 
metals. 

Only  a  few  years  ago  it  was  considered  im- 
practicable, if  not  impossible,  to  beneficiate 
ores  containing  more  than  from  5%  to  10%  lead, 
or  half  that  quantity  of  antimony,  arsenic  or 
zinc,  by  amalgamation.  But  this  class  of  ores 
after  roasting  in  the  Stetefeldt  furnace  can  be 
successfully  treated,  as  the  working  of  the  On- 
tario ores  at  this  place  fully  establishes.  This 
is  the  worst  ore  I  have  ever  seen  treated  by 
amalgamation.  Although  very  rich,  it  is  full 
of  the  base  metals  mentioned,  the  most  of  the 
lower  levels  containing  a  much  larger  percent- 
age of  these  than  cited  above,  and  without  this 
furnace  could  not  be  worked  to  a  profit.  The 
ores  taken  from  the  surface  and  upper  levels  of 
the  Ontario  were,  when  the  mill  was  built,  com- 
paratively free  milling.  Had  the  ores  on  top 
been  as  base  as  at  present,  the  company  would 
probably  have  tried  smelting  from  the  start.  It 
is  well  for  the  owners  of  this  class  of  mines  that 
circumstances  have  compelled  this  company  to 
show  what  may  be  done  by  skill  and  enterprise. 

It  is  impossible  from  the  surface  ores  of  this 
Territory,  to  predict  what  may  be  the  nature  of 
those  only  a  few  hundred  feet  below.  Free 
milling  ore  on  the  surface  may  change  to  rich 
galena,  or  rich  galena"  to  chlorides  as  we  go 
down,  so  that  the  kind  of  reduction  works  re- 
quired is  a  problem  to  be  solved  only  by  deep 
exploration.  Despite  the  most  skillful  treat- 
ment a  certain  percentage  passes  off  with  the 
first  working,  to  be  again  treated  in  the  form  of 
tailings,  after  they  have  passed  through  a 
process  of  decomposition  and  oxidation,  so  far 
as  the  nature  of  the  metals  and  minerals  will 
admit  of  the  same.  In  California  it  is  well 
known  that  the  sulphurets  from  gold-bearing 
rock,  extracted  from  below  the  water  levels, 
known  as  "raw  sulphurets,"  cannot  be  success- 
fully treated  by  the  ordinary  pan  process  with- 
out  the  aid  of  powerful  decomposing  chemicals, 
though  this  can  be  worked  to  85%  or  90%  after 
lying  exposed  to  the  atmosphere  until  the  iron 
is  thoroughly  oxidized.  This  result,  however, 
is  not  obtained  with  the  Ontario  tailings. 
Antimony,  zinc,  gray  copper  and  arsenic,  if  they 
are  subject  to  decomposition  at  all,  decompose 
in  so  slow  and  imperceptible  a  manner  that 
human  patience  would  be  exhausted  waiting 
the  natural  action  of  the  elements  in  this  direc- 
tion.    How  then  can  they  be  treated  ? 

Before  answering  this  question  it  is  necessary 
to  state  that  the  Marsae  mill  is  owned  and  was 
built  by  a  company  of  Michigan  men  who  be- 
lieved they  had  a  mine  of  milling  ore  in  the 
Flagstaff,  a  belief  that  has  not  yet  been  verified. 
The  Ontario  company,  before  building  a  mill  of 
their  own,  leased  and  ran  the  Marsae ;  it  is  the 
working  of  these  tailings,  and  also  tailings  from 
the  Ontario  mill,  some  of  them  roasted  and 
some  raw,  of  which  we  propose  to  speak.  These 
tailings,  having  been  often  examined  by  prac- 
tical men,  were  sent  to  San  Francisco,  and  there 
tried  and  condemned  as  refractory  and  unwork- 
able to  a  profit,  although  they  contained,  as 
tested  by  fire  assays,  an  average  of  $30  per  ton. 

After  the  Ontario  company  had  completed 
their  own  reduction  works  and  ceased  to  operate 
the  Marsae  mill,  it  remained  idle  for  a  time, 
until  Mr.  Edward  P.  Ferry,  a  brother  of  the 
Senator  from  Michigan,  took  hold  of  the  prop- 
erty, with  a  view  of  testing,  practically,  the 
mooted  question  whether  these  rebellious  re- 
mains could  be  worked  to  a  profit.  He  was 
fortunate  enough  to  secure  the  services  of  Mr. 
H.  S.  Jacobs,  a  practical  and  scientific  metal- 
lurgist and  amalgamator,  who  now  confesses 
that  he  was  at  first  deceived  by  imperfect  pre- 
liminary assays,  which  showed  only  the  silver 
contained,  without  the  base  elements  to  be  con- 
tended with,  declaring  that  he  would  not  have 
undertaken  the  task  if  a  proper  analysis  had 
been  given  him.  Having  entered  upon  the  task 
he  determined  to  persevere,  and  is  now  working 
these  ores  with  a  profit  of  near  $200  per  day 
over  expenses,  though  old  mill  men  predicted 
entire  failure  or  great  loss  of  quicksilver.  The 
tailings  here  contained  so  much  pay,  and  the 


Marsae  company  had  expended  so  much  money 
in  the  building  and  outfitting  the  mill,  etc.,  that 
they  were  loth  to  discard  it  altogether.  They 
tried  concentration  and  found  the  material 
would  pay,  but  much  of  the  best  of  it  was 
wasted.  Yet  they  could  not  consent  to  have 
the  mill  lying  dead  property,  with  20,000  tons 
of  tailings  before  it  that  should  be  worked  and 
which  are  now  giving  employment  to  100  people. 
All  was  done  by  the  employees  of  the  Ontario 
company,  in  the  first  working  of  the  ore,  that 
they  could  possibly  accomplish.  The  escaping 
silver  is  wrapped  up  in  combination  with  anti 
mony,  zinc  and  gray  copper,  which  can  only  be 
attacked  by  powerful  chemical  action  of  a  kind 
which  would  be  inoperative  in  the  whole  mass  of 
ore.  To  effect  a  more  perfect  amalgamation,  the 
whole  of  the  metals  must  be  changed  to  chlor- 
ides. The  loss  that  still  goes  off  with  the  tail 
ings  is  that  portion  of  the  base  metals  that  con- 
tain silver,  which  will  not  chloridize.  One  of 
the  worst,  if  not  the  very  worst  metal  in  this 
ore,  is  the  gray  copper  mentioned.  It  contains 
antimony,  sulphur,  iron,  arsenic  and  copper, 
with  silver.  It  is  believed  that  this  is  the  rich- 
est base,  and  that  a  large  percentage  of  the 
silver  goes  off  in  this  combination  which  can- 
not be  decomposed  by  such  an  amount  of  chem- 
icals as  it  would  be  profitable  to  employ  for  that 
purpose,  working  the  stuff  in  quantity.  It  is 
needless  to  say  to  those  having  a  knowledge  of 
amalgamation,  that  all  of  the  base  metals 
enumerated  have  a  sickening  effect  upon  the 
quicksilver  that  must  be  constantly  worked 
against.  The  treatment  that  will  keep  it  in 
good  form  a  few  days  cannot  be  continued  ad 
infinitum.  For  instance,  in  the  early  employ- 
ment of  sodium  amalgam,  it  was  soon  found 
that  by  constant  use  it  lost  the  desired  effect, 
wherefore  some  other  chemical  had  to  be  em- 
ployed to  attack  the  disease.  It  was  formerly 
believed  that  frequent  retorting  would  cleanse 
the  quicksilver.  This,  however,  is  only  a  tem- 
porary expedient;  the  sensitive  metal  must  have 
its  stimulants.  One  of  the  finest  improvements 
made  by  Mr.  Jacobs,  and  which  will  be  appre- 
ciated by  old  amalgamators,  is  the  employment 
of  a  syphon  in  the  settlers  to  constantly  draw 
the  water  from  the  surface.  The  nozzle  being 
only  au  inch  below  the  surface  draws  off  the 
contents,  without  taking  quicksilver  or  drawing 
the  plugs,  whichare  distant  from  each  otherabout 
ten  inches.  The  loss  of  quicksilver,  in  working 
by  this  plan  these  difficult  materials,  is  less  than 
half  a  pound  per  ton,  showing  that  the  portion 
that  cannot  be  saved  is  not  lost  in  this  way. 
The  allowable  loss  of  quicksilver  in  working 
Comstock  ores  was  formerly  three  pounds  per 
ton.  How  much  that  has  been  reduced  of  late 
years,  I  am  not  prepared  to  say,  but  the  actual 
loss  in  most  mills  far  exceeds  a  half  pound  with 
ordinary  ores.  '"49er.'j 

Park  City,  Utah,  May  20th,  1879. 

Letter  from  the  Comstock, 

Editors  Press: — The  principal  work  going 
on  at  the  mines  in  this  vicinity  is  preparatory  to 
the  development  and  extraction  of  ore.  The 
Alta  and  Benton  have,  for  a  long  time,  been  en- 
gaged in  sinking  to  different  levels,  opening 
stations  and  extending  drifts  along  the  lode 
preparatory  to  crosscutting  at  various  points. 
When  this  is  commenced,  owing  to  the  condi- 
tion the  mines  are  in,  ore  extraction,  when  be- 
gun, can  be  continued  to  much  advantage,  but 
little  dead  work  being  thereafter  needed.  These 
mines  should  be  enabled  to  continue  the  output 
of  ore  constantly  for  a  long  time,  that  is  if  ore 
bodies  exist  in  them — a  fact  which  ought  to  be 
pretty  well  established  by  this  time.  They 
have  the  same  lode  as  the  Justice.  The  matrix 
of  the  metals  is  principally  gypsum,  the  same 
as  in  the  Justice  and  Occidental  mines.  If  the 
Forman  shaft  is  continued  to  a  certain  depth  it 
will  no  doubt  strike  the  same  lode,  which,  of 
course,  is  entirely  independent  of  the  one  on 
which  the  Overman  and  Caledonia  were  origi- 
nally located.  The  Forman  shaft  is  now  being 
sunk  by  the  Crown  Point,  Belcher,  Segregated 
Belcher,  Overman  and  Caledonia  companies, 
and  will  be  the  one  through  which  these  mines 
will  be  eventually  worked.  It  is  some  distance 
east  of  the  new  Yellow  Jacket  shaft.  Besides 
the  Yellow  Jacket  mine  being  worked  through 
their  new  shaft,  the  Imperial  Con.,  Bullion, 
Alpha,  Exchequer,  Confidence,  and  the  other 
small  mines  in  that  vicinity,  will  also  do  their 
work  through  that  shaft,  which  is  now  the 
deepest  perpendicular  shaft  in  the  State,  being 
over  2,500  feet  in  depth.  The  greatest  sloping 
depth  attained  by  any  mine  here  is  that  of  the 
Belcher  incline,  which  is  now  about  2, 700  feet, 
and  is  to  be  continued  on  to  a  depth  of  3,000 
feet.  With  all  the  labor  and  expenditure  of 
money  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  the  stockholders 
will  be  rewarded  through  the  development  of  a 
big  bonanza.  If  having  attained  a  depth  of 
3,000  feet,  and  the  ground  at  that  depth  has 
been  explored  in  different  directions,  a  body  of 
rich  ore  is  not  found,  then  it  may  be  considered 
to  be  an  abandoned  mine.  As  for  continuing 
the  working  to  any  greater  depth,  that  would 
be  almost  impossible,  and  if  any  deposit  was 
found  it  would  have  to  be  almost  pure  silver  to 
make  its  extraction  profitable,  as  the  heat  of 
the  water  and  air  would  be  almost  intolerable. 
It  is  possible,  at  great  expense,  to  cool  the  air, 
but  not  the  water.  The  Chollar,  Potosi,  Hale 
&  Norcross  and  Savage  are  doing  nothing  more 
than    keeping    matters  and  things  about  the! 


mines  in  order;  waiting  for  the  Sutro  drain  tun- 
nel to  be  completed,  when  these  companies  pro- 
pose to  reveal  to  the  world  the  bonanzas  that 
they  would  have  us  believe  are  buried  there. 
They  are  now  in  a  condition  to  dispose  of  their 
surplus  water  cheaply.  This  place  depends  on 
their  success  largely.  The  (Sould  &  Curry  and 
Best  &  Belcher  are  also  idle,  except  keeping 
things  in  shape;  waiting  for  the  sinking  of  the 
Osbiston  shaft.  The  most  that  they  are  doing 
is  the  running  of  a  drift,  jointly,  east  to  connect 
with  that  shaft  when  in  reaches  the  1700-foot 
level.  The  sub-drain  in  the  Sutro  tunnel  will 
not  be  completed  before  the  1st  of  July,  when 
the  work  of  enlarging  the  tunnel,  where  it  is 
not  of  the  requisite  size,  will  be  commenced, 
and  which  will  take  much  time  and  money  to 
complete.  The  work  on  the  lateral  tunnels, 
north  and  south,  can,  and  probably  will,  be 
carried  on  at  the  same  time.  The  yield  of  ore 
from  the  Con.  Virginia  and  California  has  been 
much  less  this  month  than  for  April,  which 
makes  it  look  as  though  no  May  dividends  would 
be  paid.  The  Ophir  is  taking  out  about  70 
tons  of  ore  daily,  and  there  is  some  prospect 
that  the  amount  may  be  increased,  yet  this  is 
not  absolutely  certain,  although  a  short  time 
ago  the  public  was  given  to  understand  that  the 
output  of  ore  would  steadily  increase. 

J.  D. 
Virginia  City,  Nev.,  May  30th,  1879. 


The  Horn  Silver  Mine. 

Mr.  W.  A.  Hooker,  Mining  Engineer,  sends 
the  Salt  Lake  Tribttne  the  following  report  of 
Utah's  bonanza,  the  Horn  Silver  mine:  This 
immense  body  of  ore,  reported  to  be  the  greatest 
yet  discovered  on  the  continent,  lies  in  the  San 
Francisco  mining  district,  Beaver  county,  225 
miles  southwest  from  Salt  Lake.  It  was  dis- 
covered September  24th,  1S75,  by  James  Ryan 
and  Samuel  Hawkes,  who  sunk  a  shaft  about  30 
feet  on  the  ore,  when  they  sold  their  claim  the 
February  following,  to  Messrs.  A.  G.  Campbell, 
Matthew  Cullen,  Dennis  Ryan  and  A.  Byram. 
The  purchasers  immediately  set  about  develop- 
ing the  property,  their  labor  resulting  in  prov- 
ing the  vein  to  a  depth  of  over  280  feet,  and 
extracting  25,000  tons  of  ore  which  has  been 
turned  into  bullion. 

Almost  the  first  work  done  in  the  mine  was 
the  driving  of  a  short  tunnel  towards  the  foot- 
wall,  at  a  point  150  feet  southerly  from  the 
original  shaft,  and  within  this  tunnel  a  winze 
was  commenced.  Subsequently  the  ground 
above  was  removed  from  the  entrance  to  make 
room  for  the  working  shaft.  The  ore  is  here 
partly  covered  with  a  cap-rock  of  quartzite; 
but  in  blasting  down  this  material,  and  leveling 
off  the  surface,  ore  was  discovered  for  a  dis- 
tance of  50  feet.  The  report  gives  minute  de- 
tails of  the  work  done  in  the  mine,  of  which  the 
following  is  the  summary:  The  principal  work- 
ing shaft  is  near  the  center  of  the  claim,  at  the 
discovery.  It  extends  vertically  113  feet  to  the 
bottom  of  the  third  level.  The  first  level  is 
distant  46  feet  from  the  mouth  of  the  shaft 
Twenty-eight  feet  below,  or  74  feet  from  the 
surface  is  the  second  level;  and  40  feet  below 
this  again,  or  113  feet  from  the  surface,  is  the 
third  level.  The  fourth  level,  91  feet  below 
the  third,  is  connected  with  it  by  three  winzes. 
The  fifth  level  is  50  feet  below  the  fourth,  or 
255  feet  from  the  mouth  of  the  working  shaft. 
The  old  shaft  lies  145  feet  north  of  the  working 
shaft.  It  was  continued  down  to  the  line  of  the 
second  level,  and  connected  with  it  by  a  drift. 

The  ore  thus  far  removed  has  been  taken 
from  between  the  first  and  third  levels;  the 
lower  levels  having  been  driven  merely  to  ex- 
plore the  vein.  The  first  level  is  entirely  in 
ore,  no  indications  of  a  wall  being  observable. 
Between  the  first  and  second  levels  are  three 
floors,  and  still  no  indication  of  a  wall  is  seen ; 
the  timbers  being  surrounded  on  all  sides  with 
ore.  The  total  length  of  the  second  level, 
measured  in  a  straight  line,  is  295  feet.  Be- 
tween the  second  and  third  levels  there  are  five 
floors,  all  of  which  are  surrounded  with  ore. 
The  old   shaft  was  sunk  its  entire  depth  in  ore. 

The  length  of  the  third  level  in  a  straight  line 
is  300  feet.  The  southern  end  consists  of  a  drift 
56  feet  long.  Near  its  beginning,  on  the  west 
side,  is  what  appears  to  be  footwall  clay,  and  a 
similar  material  appears  at  the  further  end, 
which  is  thought  to  mark  the  approach  to  the 
hanging  wall.  This  level  is  connected  with  the 
fourth  by  three  winzes.  No.  2  is  the  only  one 
in  use,  and  the  only  one  accessible.  It  is  91 
feet  in  depth,  striking  footwall  clay  near  the 
bottom,  and  shows  pure  ore  its  entire  length. 
In  the  fourth  level  a  different  character  of  ore  is 
reached,  which  leaches  readily  and  carries  a  fair 
amount  of  silver.  About  100  tons  has  been 
taken  from  this  level,  which  was  treated  suc- 
cessfully in  the  leaching  works  in  Frisco.  The 
main  drift  on  this  level  has  been  driven  on  the 
boundary  line  between  the  smelting  and  the 
leaching  ores.  The  timbers  in  the  southwestern 
end  of  this  level  rest  directly  on  the  solid  foot- 
wall. The  wall  rock  is  concealed  below  the 
timbering,  but  ferruginous  clay  overlies  it.  This 
affords  a  basis  for  measuring  the  exact  width  of 
the  vein,  one  of  the  few  places  in  the  mine 
where  a  measurement  can  be  made.  Here  its 
horizontal  width  is  45  feet.  The  fifth  level  con- 
sists of  a  single  drift,  which  discloses  excellent 
smelting  ore;  near  the  bottom  of  the  winze  it 
merges  into  footwall  clay. 

The  milling  ores  constitute  the  richest  por- 
tions of  the  deposit,  carrying  from  75  to  200 
ounces  of  silver  to  the  ton,  while  smaller 
samples  run  into  the  thousands.     The  smelting 


ores  comprise  the  greater  portion  of  the  ore 
mass,  being  soft  and  earthy,  consisting  essen- 
tially of  sulphate  of  lead,  with  some  plumbic 
ocher  and  carbonate  of  lead,  all  carrying  silver. 
The  lead  ranges  from  30%  to  60%,  and  the  sil- 
ver from  30  to  75  ounces.  The  leaching  ore,  as 
mentioned  above,  occurs  in  the  fourth  and  fifth 
levels;  it  differs  from  the  other  ores  in  appear- 
ance, and  is  white,  red  and  yellow.  A  partial 
analysis  of  this  ore  showed  86  ounces  of  silver  to 
the  ton.  The  average  of  1,271  tons  reduced  by 
the  Frisco  Smelting  Company,  up  to  March  1st, 

1878,  was  44£%  of  silver  and  41%  of  lead,"  and 
the  average  of  5,612  tons  reduced  by  the  same 
company  from  March,  1878,    to   February    1st, 

1879,  gave  substantially  the  same  results.  In 
estimating  the  amount  of  ore  exposed  in  the 
present  workings,  Mr.  Hooker,  after  a  careful 
measurement,  and  allowing  for  wastage,  horses, 
etc.  (6guring  10  cubic  feet  to  the  ton),  finds 
513,000  tons  of  ore  in  sight  in  the  mine. 

The  quantity  of  ore  extracted  up  to  February 
1st  last  is  given  at  22,712  tons.  During  Feb- 
ruary about  90  tons  daily  was  taken  out,  mak- 
ing a  total  of  25,000  tons.  The  cost  of  taking 
out  this  amount  of  ore  a  day  is  figured  at  $3.05 
per  ton.  The  cost  of  smelting  one  ton  of  ore  is 
Btated  at  $18.54,  but  this  can  be  materially  re- 
duced by  extending  the  facilities  and  on  the 
completion  of  the  railroad  to  Frisco.  One  ton 
of  base  bullion  is  derived  from  2§  tons  of  ore. 
The  cost  of  producing  this  ton  of  base  bullion, 
including  everything  (freight  to  Chicago  and 
expense  of  refining  added  in)  is  $108.09.  The 
product  is  as  follows: 

92.50%  lead  at  $70 $    64.75 

107.7  ozs.  silver  at  81.10.s 111.87 

Total $176.62 

Balance,  profit  on  2g  tons  of  ore 68.53 

Or  profit  per  ton  of  ore §25.86 

Mr.  Hooker  concludes  his  report  as  follows: 
While  it  would  seem  to  be  impossible  to  exag- 
gerate the  wealth  of  this  property,  the  esti- 
mates made  in  this  report  are  believed  to  be 
rather  under  than  above  what  may  be  reason- 
ably anticipated  upon  a  purely  financial  basis, 
and  certainly  with  such  favorable  circumstances 
on  all  sides — an  unlimited  supply  of  ore  of  ex- 
cellent quality,  good  and  cheap  fuel  and  fluxes, 
direct  communication  with  market,  and,  it  is  to 
be  hoped,  judicious  management,  the  conditions 
of  a  most  successful  enterprise  appear  to  be 
satisfied. 

The  property  now  having  passed  into  the 
hands  of  a  company  abundantly  able  to  extend 
its  facilities  and  inorease  its  output,  and  the 
completion  of  the  railroad  to  Frisco  being  a 
matter  of  Bhort  time,  the  cost  of  mining  and  re- 
ducing the  ore  will  be  considerably  reduced, 
and  the  margin  of  profit  correspondingly  in- 
creased. This  report  confirms  all  that  has 
hitherto  been  said  of  Utah's  great  bonanza. 

Re-locating  Mining  Claims. 

For  the  information  of  parties  making  inquiry 
in  regard  to  the  law  governing  the  re-location  of 
mining  claims,  we  here  publish  the  same,  which 
is  as  follows:  "The  re-location  of  abandoned 
lode  claims  shall  be  by  sinking  a  new  discovery 
shaft  and  fixing  new  boundaries,  in  the  same 
manner  as  if  it  were  the  location  of  a  new 
claim;  or  the  re-locator  may  sink  the  original  dis- 
covery shaft  10  feet  deeper  than  it  was  at  the 
time  of  abandonment  aud  erect  new  or  adopt 
the  old  boundaries,  renewing  the  posts  if  re- 
moved or  destroyed.  In  either  case  a  new  lo- 
cation stake  shall  be  erected.  In  any  case, 
whether  the  whole  or  part  of  any  abandoned 
claim  is  taken,  the  location  certificate  may  stato 
that  the  whole  or  any  part  of  the  new  location 
is  located  as  abandoned  property." 

In  this  connection  it  may  be  well  to  state 
what  has  been  judicially  decided  constitutes  an 
abandonment  of  a  claim,  and  which,  as  will  be 
seen,  rests  in  the  intention.  "An  abandonment 
takes  place  when  the  ground  is  left  by  the  lo- 
cator, loithout  any  intention  of  returning  or  mak- 
ing any  further  use  of  it,  independent  of  'any 
miningrule  or  regulation.'  "  We  are  inclined  to 
think,  however,  that  where  all  legal  require- 
ments have  been  complied  with,  the  intention 
to  abandon  would  have  to  be  proved  in  a  very 
positive  manner,  and  could  not  be  established 
by  mere  inference. 

History  of  the  Yellow  Jacket  Shaft. — 
There  is  kept  at' the  Yellow  Jacket  new  office  a 
perfect  history  of  the  new  shaft,  and  in  such  a 
way  that  it  can  be  reviewed  at  all  times.  It 
consists  of  specimens  of  the  rock  taken  from 
every  five  feet  of  the  shaft.  These  are  kept  in 
a  convenient  cabinet  arranged  for  the  purpose 
and  fitted  up  with  drawers  and  partitions  in  the 
drawers  for  keeping  each  specimen  of  the  rock 
by  itBelf,  distinctly  labeled  and  ready  to  be  re- 
ferred to  at  a  moment's  notice.  This  of  itself 
is  very  interesting,  but  the  study  of  this  history 
is  greatly  facilitated  by  another  arrangement. 
A  portion  of  each  specimen  is  reduced  to  a  pulp 
and  spread  to  the  thinness  of  paper  on  a  slide, 
ready  tn  be  submitted  to  the  microscope.  The 
ingredients  composing  the  rock  are  thus  unmis- 
takably set  forth  and  in  such  a  way  that  com- 
parison can  be  made  between  any  two  portions 
of  the  shaft.  These  of  themselves  form  an  in- 
teresting study.  The  ends  to  be  subserved  by 
this  collection  are  obvious. — Gold  Hill  News. 

The  price  of  silver  has  lately  undergone  a 
marked  advance  in  both  London  and  New  York, 
the  market  being  still  strong  with  an  upward 
tendency.  The  outlook  for  the  producers  of 
this  metal  is  encouraging. 


June  7,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


363 


Molds  and  Gores  for  Casting  Steel. 

Steel  made  by  the  open  hearth  furnace  comes 
therefrom  very  much  hotter  than  when  melted 
by  any  other  known  process,  Mr.  George  Cow- 
ing, of  Cleveland,  Ohio,  has,  therefore,  been  in- 
duced to  invent  an  improved  mode  of  casting. 
It  is  on  account  of  this  intense  heat  of  the 
molten  steel  that  dilHculties  have  arisen  in  cast- 
ing, as  the  contact  of  the  steel  with  the  walls  of 
the  mold  fuses  the  material  of  the  mold  and 
forms  a  flux  or  scoria  that  coats  the  casting  and 
is  difficult  to  remove.  This  effect  takes  place 
with  all  materials  that  have  been  heretofore 
u*cd  for  molds.  Common  sand,  plumbago, 
charcoal,  coke,  and  other  materials  have  been 
tried,  but  the  foreigu  matters  contained  in  these 
substances  are  of  such  a  nature  that  the  success- 
ful prevention  of  tiux  or  scoria  has  not  been 
heretofore  accomplished.  The  object  of  his  in- 
vention is  to  construct  a  mold  from  a  substance 
that  is  adapted  for  ordinary  use  as  molding  ma- 
terial and  possesses  refractory  qualities  sufficient 
to  successfully  resist  the  tendency  to  Hux  when 
brought  tn  contact  with  the  hottest  molten  steel. 
According  to  his  invention,  silica  is  used  in  the 
construction  of  molds  for  this  purpose,  as  it  has 
jbeen  discovered  that  pure  silica,  with  suitable 
(binding  material,  answers  the  requirements  set 
'forth,  and  that  by  its  use,  steel  castings  may  be 
I  (produced  almost  or  entirely  free  from  the  flux 
I  lor  scoria.  In  proportion  as  the  silica  used  for 
I  [molds  contains  limestone,  feldspar,  mica,  or 
[other  silicates,  oxide  of  iron,  or  foreign  matters 
I  (of  any  kind,  the  castings  will  be  coated  as  de- 
<  scribed,  and  sand,  such  as  is  used  for  molds, 
jcontainB  silica  more  or  less  mingled  with  the 
■'substances  named. 

I    This  fact,  without  doubt,  explains  the  reason 
why  it  has  been  heretofore  considered  impracti- 
'  Icable  to  use  sand   molds  or  molds  made  from 
I  (powdered  stone,  old  clay  pots,  or  like  material 
■  lor  casting  steel  from  an   open   hearth  furnace. 
In  carrying  out  this  invention  it  is  preferred   to 
i  obtain  the  silica  from  rock   crystal,  white   peb- 
|  pies,  or  white  sand;  if  white  pebbles  are  used 
I  jthey  should  first  be  pulverized  and  thoroughly 
ft  freed  from  oxide  of  iron  or  other  foreign  mat- 
I  »rs.     When  about  to  be  formed  into  molds  the 
I  lilica  is  to  be  mixed  with  any  appropriate  bind- 
|  og  material,  such  as  molasses,  sour  beer,   flour, 
>r  other  glutinous  substance,  silicate  of  alumina, 
>r  the  like,  care  being  taken  to  employ  no  sub- 
itance  containing  any  metallic   oxide',  or  any- 
,hing  that  might  flux.     A  sufficient  quantity  of 
>he  binding  material  will  be   mixed   with   the 
mlverized  silica  to  form  a  plastic  mass  that  can 
>e  molded,  and  will  retain  its  shape  after  mold- 
ng.     An  additional  advantage  obtained  by   the 
Application  of  this  invention  is  the  ability   to 
[past  mild  steel — i.   e.,   steel  having  a  low  per- 
centage  of  carbon,  which   cannot   be   done   in 
[molds    consisting   of   or   containing   plumbago, 
fcraphite,  coke,  or  other  forms  of  carbon  without 
I  Subsequent  annealing.     As  stated  before,  he  is 
kware  that  materials   containing  more   or  less 
I  silica  have  been  used  for  molds,  but   in   such 
materials  the  refractory  qualities  of  silica  which 
render  it  useful  for  the  purpose  are   neutralized 
by  the  other  materials. 


ipaltin   the  Manufacture   of  Finished 
Iron. 

1 1  The  question  of  the  best  method  of  applying 
I  bait  in  the  puddling  process  has  just  been  dis- 
I  zussed  by  the  managers  of  the  mills  and  forges 
1  bf  South  Staffordshire  and  East  Worcestershire 
'.t  a  numerously  attended  meeting  of  their 
I  Associations  under  the  presidency  of  Mr.  Price, 
I  manager  of  the  Brettle  Lane  Iron  Works,  Stour- 
Lbridge.  Members  stated  they  had  thrown  dry 
lialt  upon  the  bottom  of  the  puddling  furnace 
I  before  the  charge  was  put  in,  and  upon  the  iron 
I  Ls  it  was  about  coming  to  the  boil;  that  they 
[  nad  used  it  as  a  mixture  with  manganese,  and 
I  3  a  mixture  with  tire-clay  and  red-ore.  It  had 
I  Uso  been  used  in  solution  with  water  to  saturate 
I  She  bull-dog  in  the  preparation  of  the  fettling, 
t  tad  its  use  in  solution  adopted  by  Messrs. 
f  Nettleford  was  also  spoken  of.  The  quantity 
u  [)f  salt  used  varied  in  nearly  every  case.  As 
,  much  as  four  pounds  of  dry  salt  had  been 
I  r.hrown  upon  lean  iron  beginning  to  thicken, 
and  the  result  was  that  the  iron  boiled  fluid; 
I  Ivhen  shingled,  was  hard  like  steel;  when  broken 
tf  11s  a  bar,  was  highly  crystalline;  and  after  being 
|)iled,  re-heated  and  drawn  out  through  the 
I  rollB,  was  very  brittle.  Thrown  upon  the  fur- 
I  pace-bottom  salt  benefited  the.  fettling.  Used 
I  iisa  "physic"  with  manganese  in  iron  for  sheets 
t  was  found  of  advantage,  since  the  bars  were 
1  blear,  and  when  rolled  out  the  sheets  had 
i  ;ood  surface.  In  getting  up  lean  and  soft  iron 
tr  or  sheets  it  was  found  of  especial  advantage  as 
I  {•  hardener.  The  mixture  was  deemed  good  for 
I  iteel  iron.  Mr.  Jeremiah  Jones,  manager  of 
I'the  Terry  Hill  works,  had  with  advantage  used 
I  Iry  salt  and  manganese,  in  the  proportion  of 
1  iwo  pounds  of  the  former  to  three  ounces  of  the 
if  latter,  in  the  manufacture  of  iron  for  sheets. 
"  lalt  mixed  with  fire-clay  and  red-ore  and  thrown 
•n  the  bottom  of  the  furnace  had  been  found  by 
fo.  William  Farnworth,  manager  of  Messrs.  E. 
\  and  W.  Baldwin's  works,  to  harden  the 
heet-iron,  and  give  the  sheets  a  dry  surface. 

Mr.  Farnworth  had  also  experienced  good  re- 
ults  from  throwing  cold  water  on  the  iron  whUe 
t  was  in  the  furnace.  As  to  the  application  of 
alt  and  water  upon  the  patented  method  of  Mr. 


Barnett,  Mr.  Ellis,  manager  of  the  Primrose  Hill 
Iron  Works,  said  that  he  had  tried  it  under  Mr. 
Barnett's  directions:  One  pound  to  one  and  one- 
half  pounds  of  salt  were  dissolved  in  a  quart  of 
water,  and  more  water  was  afterwards  added. 
This  solution  was  applied  to  a  fun.ace  for  a  fort- 
night with  the  result  that  it  improved  the  fet- 
tling and  the  bottoms.  The  patentee's  charge 
was,  however,  for  his  method  of  application, 
too  expensive,  and  it  was  not  continued.  Mr. 
Cress  well,  mill  and  forge  manager  at  the  Earl 
of  Dudley's  works,  had  employed  tho  solution 
on  Mr.  Harnett's  priuciple  for  some  months.  He 
used  about  as  much  salt  as  had  been  used  at  the 
Primrose  Hill  Iron  Works.  It  had  been  employed 
in  a  single  furnace  and  in  a  double  gas  furnace, 
and  the  results  wero  the  moro  satisfactory  from 
the  gas  furnace.  A  comparison  of  the  yield  of 
a  gas  furnace  worked  without  the  solution  and 
of  one  worked  with  it  showed  a  larger  yield  by 
one  quarter  and  a  few  pounds  from  the  latter. 
The  bulldog  was  saturated  with  the  brine,  about 
one  gallon  was  poured  on  the  double  furnace 
bottom,  and  when  tho  charge  began  to  thickeu 
about  five  quarts  was  put  in  on  each  side  of  the 
doublo  furnace.  One  furnace  had  been  worked 
throughout  a  whole  week,  and  no  scrap  ball  had 
had  to  be  used.  Mr.  Cress  well  had  known  one 
fettling  stand  nine  heats. 

After  hearing  these  and  other  similar  experi- 
ences tbe  moeting  was  of  opinion  that  where 
hard  steely  iron  was  required  the  application  of 
salt  in  solution  was  beneficial,  but  where  pliable 
and  ductile  iron  was  needed  salt  should  not  be 
used.  The  information  received  was  not,  how- 
ever, considered  to  be  complete,  and  tho  further 
discussion  of  the  subject  was  adjourned  till 
after  the  annual  trip  of  the  association,  which 
will  be  taken  at  the  close  of  May,  to  the  Castle 
Iron  Works  of  Messrs.  Nettlefold,  in  Shropshire, 
where  the  patented  method  is  working  success- 
fully.—  Wolverhampton  (England)  Chronicle. 

Casting  Metals. 

Hollow  or  ring-shaped  ingots  of  steel  or  other 
metal  are  ordinarily  made  by  casting  the  metal 
in  a  mold,  in  the  center  of  which  is  placed  a 
core  of  some  suitable  material,  by  the  removal 
of  which  after  the  ingot  or  casting  has  become 
solid  the  required  central  hole  is  left.  This 
plan  of  casting  the  metal  round  a  core  presents 
several  inconveniences,  one  of  the  chief  of  which 
is  that  the  casting,  if  it  is  thin,  is  often  less 
sound  or  less  solid  than  a  block  of  metal  would 
be  of  the  same  bulk,  but  cast  without  the  cen- 
tral hole;  moreover,  special  precautions  must 
iu  most  cases  be  taken  to  avoid  the  risk  of  the 
metal  cracking  or  tearing  as  it  contracts  round 
the  core  in  the  act  of  cooling. 

Witha  view  to  overcometheseinconveniences, 
Messrs.  Taylor  and  Wailes,  of  Panteg,  propose 
instead  of  making  such  ring-shaped  ingots  or 
castings  in  a  mold  in  the  center  of  which  a  core 
is  fixed,  by  the  removal  of  which,  after  the 
metal  has  become  solid,  the  required  hole 
through  the  ingot  or  casting  is  left  as  above 
mentioned,  they  pour  the  metal  into  a  mold, 
which  is  kept  in  rotation  by  preference  round  a 
vertical  axis  by  mechanical  means  at  such  a 
high  velocity  that  the  liquid  metal  as  soon  as  it 
is  poured  into  the  mold,  is  driven  by  the  cen- 
trifugal force  caused  by  the  rotation  of  the 
mold  against  the  inner  circumference  of  the 
latter,  so  that  as  it  cools,  the  metal  becomes 
solidified  in  the  form  of  a  ring-shaped  or  hollow 
ingot  or  casting,  the  outer  surface  of  which  has 
the  form  of  the  mold,  and  the  inner  surface 
is  more  or  less  conical  (or  if  the  mold  be  ro- 
tated at  a  high  velocity,  the  casting  wiU  be 
nearly  cylindrical)  forming,  in  fact,  a  .ring- 
shaped  section  of  the  paraboloid  of  revolution 
which  is  the  form  taken  by  the  free  surface  of 
a  mass  of  heavy  liquid  in  rapid  rotation  round 
a  vertical  axis.  The  axis  of  rotation,  instead  of 
being  vertical,  may,  if  found  more  convenient, 
be  inclined  or  even  horizontal,  provided  that 
the  velocity  of  rotation  of  the  mold  be  sufficient 
to  throw  the  liquid  metal  (when  poured  into  it) 
into  the  required  annular  form. 

Improvements   in  Rolling   Steel   Rails. 

The  controversy  which  has  arisen  respecting 
the  wisdom  of  a  recent  purchase  of  steel  rails  in 
England  is  taking  a  practical  turn  by  directing 
the  attention  of  manufacturers  to  certain  im- 
provements which,  if  adopted,  promise  to  give 
to  the  American  product  an  undoubted  supe- 
riority, in  point  of  durability,  compared  with 
any  other.  Mr.  Wm.  A.  Jewett,  a  steel  man- 
ufacturer of  Syracuse,  N.  Y.,  says,  after  speak- 
ing of  the  manner  in  which  English  rails  are 
rolled  on  two  high  trains: 

If  your  train  will  Btand  it,  roll  your  rail  until 
the  scale  will  set,  and  you  will  then  make  better 
rails  than  the  English.  That  rails  rolled  as  I 
direct  wiU  and  do  last  longer  than  those  made 
and  finished  hotter  I  am  fully  convinced,  and  I 
am  equaUy  sure  that  the  reason  therefor  is  the 
one  I  have  given.  I  do  not  believe  that  the 
English  railmakers  understand  this,  and  that 
they  continue  to  use  the  two  high  train,  and 
hold  back  the  work  for  a  purpose.  I  do  not 
believe  they  know  anything  about  it.  *  *  * 
Were  I  a  railroad  manager,  I  would  have  all 
my  rails  roUed,  for  the  last  three  passes  in  a 
chilled  roll,  with  grooves  polished,  and  let  them 
be  rolled  so  cold  that  the  scale  would  set.  Thus 
I  should  bring  the  steel  to  a  condition  adapted 
for  the  longest  wear,  the  safest  condition  in 
which  it  can  be  left. 

Whatever  the  value  of  Mr.  Jewett's  sugges- 
tion, it  is  certain  that  manufacturers  of  ateel 
rails  in  the  United  States  will  not  permit  the 
splendid  business  just  opening  to  them  to  suffer 


loss  on  account  of  any  superior  process  now  be 
possession  of  their  rivals,  or  what  it  may  in 
possible  for  them  to  devise. — American  Ship. 

Hay-Bcrning  Cook  Stoves. — M.  L.  Wood, 
once  a  superintendent  of  the  U.  I.  &  E.  road, 
has  invented  a  hay-burning  cook  stove,  to  con. 
sume  the  straw  and  grass  of  Western  prairie?. 
Six  pounds  of  such  material  will  burn  56  min- 
utes and  create  heat  equal  to  the  consuming  of 
20  pounds  of  hard  coal. 

Cotion  Manufacture  in  the  South.  — It  is 
stated  that  1SI*  cotton  miUs  have  been  built  in 
the  South  since  the  war. 


A  New  and  Important  Mineral. — About 
the  1st  of  Decomber  of  last  year,  Dr.  Henry 
Wurtz  received  a  specimen  of  a  newly  dis- 
covered mineral,  said  to  occur  in  considerable 
quantities  in  Utah,  where  it  is  found  in  veins 
of  pipe  clay.  This  mineral  is  of  a  dark  brown 
color,  and  waxy  feel,  and  is  easily  impressed  by 
the  finger  nail.  Dr.  Wurtz  made  a  preliminary 
examination,  and  found  that  it  fuses  at  a  little 
over  70  degrees  C,  and  evidently  consists  of  a 
number  of  homologues  of  the  paraffine  series, 
such  as  those  found  in  Europe,  iu  Moldavia  and 
Galicia.  It  is  the  first  deposit  of  the  kind 
known  on  this  continent,  and  may  prove  of 
great  value  to  that  section  of  the  country.  Cold 
ether  dissolves  about  12%  of  a  soft  paraffine  of 
greasy  consistence  and  having  the  color  of  burnt 
sienna.  It  becomes  transparent  on  melting  and 
resembles  the  urpethite  of  Johnston.  Boiling 
ether  dissolves  about  37%,  and  leaves  on 
evaporation  a  hard,  waxy  material,  somewhat 
darker  than  the  first  portion.  It  is  probably  to 
be  classed  with  ozocerite,  notwithstanding  its 
apparently  greater  hardness.  The  third  por- 
tion, insoluble  in  ether,  and  comprising  about 
52%  of  the  original  mass,  is  very  dark  brown 
and  decidedly  harder  than  beeswax.  It  appears 
to  approach  in  character  the  Moldavian  species 
of  zietriskisite,  but  its  melting  point  is  some- 
what lower.  Lack  of  sufficient  material  has 
hitherto  prevented  Dr.  Wurtz  from  determin- 
ing the  various  points  of  interest  with  satis- 
factory precision. 


The  Velocity  of  Sound. — A  memoir  is  pub- 
lished by  William  W.  Jacques,  in  the  February 
number  of  the  American  Journal  of  Science  and 
Arts,  on  the  velocity  of  very  loud  sounds.  The 
author  gives  an  account  of  experiments,  made 
at  the  United  States  Arsenal  at  Watertown, 
Mass.,  for  the  purpose  of  obtaining  automatic 
measurements  of  the  velocity  of  sound  near  a 
cannon.  Behind  the  cannon — a  six-pound  brass 
field-piece — he  placed  at  distances  of  10,  30,  50, 
90  and  100  feet  from  its  mouth  ingeniously- 
constructed  membranes,  having  an  electrical 
connection  with  a  chronograph  capable  of  re- 
cording .00001  of  a  second.  He  found  that  the 
velocity  of  the  sound  was  not  greatest  at  the 
immediate  rear  of  the  cannon,  but  at  some  dis- 
tance from  it,  where  it  rose  to  a  maximum 
"considerably  above  the  ordinary  velocity,  and 
then  fell  gradually  to  about  the  velocity  usually 
received.  When  the  cannon  was  turned  at 
right  angles  to  the  line  of  the  series  of  mem- 
branes the  distance  of  the  maximum  velocity  of 
the  sound  came  nearer  the  cannon.  From  these 
facts  the  author  concludes  that  the  velocity  of 
sound  is  a  function  of  its  intensity,  and  that 
the  experiments  upon  the  velocity  of  sound  in 
which  a  cannon  is  used  contain  an  error,  prob- 
ably due  to  the  bodily  motion  of  the  air  near 
the  cannon.  The  employment  of  a  musical  note 
of  low  intensity  is,  therefore,  recommended  to 
correctly  determine  the  velocity  of  sound. 

Note  on  H^emocyanine. — Htemocyanine  is 
the  name  given  to  a  new  substance  obtained 
from  tho  blood  of  the  devil  fish,  Octopus  vulga- 
ris. The  liquid  portion  of  the  blood  of  this  ani- 
mal contains  an  albuminous  liquid  substance 
which  forms,  with  oxygen,  a  stable  compound 
of  a  dark  blue  color.  In  vacuo,  by  contact 
with  living  tissue,  or  when  kept  in  closed  ves- 
sels, dissociation  and  generation  of  oxygen 
ensue.  This  substance  seems  to  perform  the 
part  of  the  haemoglobin  in  the  blood  of  warm- 
blooded animals.  It  is  evaded  with  oxygen  in 
the  respiratory  organs  of  the  animal,  carrieB  it 
through  the  arterial  system  into  the  capillaries 
and  tissues.  The  venous  blood  of  the  octopus 
is  colorless,  the  arterial  blood  dark  blue.  These 
changes  of  color  are  the  consequences  of  respira- 
tion. On  laying  open  the  main  artery  of  the 
head,  we  find  the  blood  circulating  through  the 
same  to  be  blue  as  long  as  the  animal  breathes 
under  water.  As  soon  as  taken  out  of  the 
water  the  blood  loses  its  color  at  once.  Hcemo- 
cyanine  may  be  easily  obtained  from  the  blood 
by  dialyzing  the  plasm  formed  by  the  blood  for 
three  or  four  days.  Hereby  the  Baits  and  other 
diffusible  substances  are  removed.  The  remain- 
ing liquor  is  filtered  and  evaporated,  whereby 
the  hoemocyanine  is  obtained  as  a  blue,  gelatin- 
ous mass. — Comptes  Re/ndus. 

The  Microscopical  Journal  states  that  the 
Johns  Hopkins  University  has  established  a 
summer  laboratory  for  the  study  of  zoology. 
This  laboratory  is  situated  on  the  Chesapeake 
bay,  and  is  under  the  charge  of  W.  K.  Brooks, 
who  has  already  shown  the  value  of  the  labora- 
tory in  the  study  of  marine  fauna  of  that  loca- 
tion. 


Rook  Drilling  Br  Electricity.  —  In  a 
recently  published  work  of  M.  Gaston  Flante, 
"Recherches  Bur  rElectricite,"  noticed  in  one  of 
our  French  exchanges,  the  author  mentions  a 
new  application  of  electricity  which  had  not 
been  hitherto  published  by  him,  and  which  is  of 
considerable  interest.  After  describing  tho  pro- 
cess of  engraving  on  glass  by  electricity,  that  he 
made  known  in  1877,  M.  Plantegoeson  to  say: 
"We  have  seen  that  one  of  the  electrodes  con- 
ducting an  electrical  current  of  a  certain  tension 
being  brought  in  contact  with  glass,  in  the  pres- 
ence of  a  saline  solution,  it  acts  like  a  graver  or 
diamond  by  tracing  grooves  in  the  surface  of  the 
glass,  and  even  diga  into  it  quite  deeply.  In 
spite  of  its  great  hardness,  rock  crystal  can  alao 
be  attacked  by  the  same  method;  and,  if  not 
engraved  regularly,  it  at  least  cracks  into  small 
fragments,  and  is  finally  disintegrated."  In 
view  of  this,  M.  Plante  suggestB  that  the  elec- 
tric curreut,  under  conditions  analogous  to  those 
above  described,  might  be  substituted  for  dia- 
monds iu  the  operation  of  drilling  rocks.  He 
states  that  electrodes  of  platinum  would  not  bo 
necessary,  for  here  it  is  not  the  metal  of  the 
electrode  that  is  affected,  but  the  silicious  mat- 
ter in  contact  with  a  saline  solution.  Metallic 
points  or  projections  suitably  located  at  the  ex- 
tremity of  the  drill,  isolated  on  a  part  of  its 
length  and  actuated  by  a  rotary  movement, 
would  lead  the  electric  current  to  the  surface  of 
the  rock  to  be  pulverized,  and  would  thus  re- 
place those  numerous  and  expensive  diamonds 
which  are  Bet  in  the  head  of  the  driUs  employed 
in  the  present  system  of  rock  boring. 


Scientific  Views  of  Nature. — Who  does 
not  see  that  Galileo,  Descartes,  Newton,  Lavoi- 
sier, Laplace,  have  changed  the  foundation  of 
human  thought  in  modifying  totally  the  idea  of 
the  universe  and  its  laws,  in  substituting  for  the 
infantile  imaginings  of  non-scientific  ages  the 
notion  of  an  eternal  order,  in  which  caprice  and 
particular  will  have  no  thought  ?  Have  they 
diminished  the  universe  as  some  think?  For 
my  part  I  think  the  contrary.  The  skieB  as  we 
see  them  are  far  superior  to  that  solid  vault 
spangled  with  shining  dots  and  upborne  some 
leagues  above  ub  by  pillars  which  contented  the 
simpler  ages.  I  do  not  much  regret  the  little 
spirits  that  had  wont  to  guide  the  planets  in 
their  orbits;  gravitation  does  the  work  much 
better,  and  if,  at  times,  I  have  a  sad  remem- 
brance of  the  nine  angelic  choirs  wheeling  round 
the  orbs  of  the  seven  planets,  and  for  the  crys- 
tal sea  that  lays  at  the  feet  of  the  Eternal,  I 
console  myself  with  the  thought  that  the  infinite 
into  which  we  look  is  really  infinite,  and  a  thou- 
sand times  more  sublime  to  eyes  of  true  contem- 
plation than  all  the  azure  circles  of  Angelico  of 
Fiesole.  M.  Thiers  rarely  allowed  a  fine  night 
to  pass  without  gazing  upon  that  boundless  sea. 
"It  is  my  mass,"  he  said.  In  how  far  do  the 
chemist's  profound  views  upon  the  atom  sur- 
pass the  vague  notions  of  matter  on  which  the 
scholastic  philosophy  waB  fed  ! — Renan. 

The  Phenomena  of  Animal  Phosphores- 
cence.— Ray  Lankester  calls  attention  to  the 
following  suggestive  treatment  of  the  phenome- 
non of  phosphorescence  in  animalB  by  H.  N. 
Moseley:  "The  light  emitted  by  phosphores- 
cent animals  is  quite  possibly,  in  some  instances, 
to  be  regarded  only  as  an  accidental  product, 
and  of  no  use  to  the  animal  producing  it, 
although,  of  course,  in  some  cases,  it  has  been 
turned  to  account  for  sexual  purposes,  and  may 
have  other  uses  occasionally.  There  is  no  rea- 
son why  a  constant  emission  of  heat,  such  as 
takes  place  in  the  case  of  our  own  bodies,  and  it 
is  quite  conceivable  that  animals  might  exist  to 
which  obscure  heat  rays  might  be  visible  and  to 
which  men  and  mammals  generally  might  be 
visible. " 


Plant  and  Animal  Life. — A  striking  analogy 
between  animal  and  plant  life  has  been  dis- 
covered by  M.  Van  der  Harrt,  of  Utrecht. 
When  the  common  garden  bean  begins  to 
sprout,  it  is  found  to  contain  a  ferment  very 
closely  resembling  pepsin,  which  can  be  ex- 
tracted by  means  of  glycerine.  This  ferment 
has  the  power  of  changing  albuminous  into  pep- 
tonic substances,  and  starch  into  glucose.  It  is 
found  exclusively  in  the  cotyledons.  In  the 
case  of  flesh-eating  plants,  all  the  steps  of  diges- 
tion seem  to  take  place  in  the  same  manner  as 
in  animals. 


A  New  Theory  of  the  Nature  of  Water. 
M.  Maiche,  in  Les  Mondes,  propounds  the 
theory  reached  after  numerous  experiments 
that  water  is  simply  hydrogen  plus  electricity, 
or  oxygen  minus  electricity;  or  in  other  words, 
that  normal  electrified  hydrogen  constitutes 
water,  and  that  normal  diselectrified  oxygen 
produces  the  same;  or  that  hydrogen,  oxygen 
and  water  are  precisely  the  same,  differing  only 
in  degreeof  electrification.—  Scientific  American. 

Allotropism  in  Metals.— Mr.  Schutzenber- 
ger,  a  French  scientist,  who  has  recently  paid 
much  attention  to  the  allotropic  forms  of  metals, 
has  now  announced  that  he  has  succeeded  in 
obtaining  antimony,  copper,  lead  and  silver  in 
allotropic  forms  by  precipitating  the  metals 
from  saline  solutions  by  electrolysis  and  other- 


The  Blue  Flame  from  Common  Salt. — Dr. 
Percy  Smith  has  made  a  spectroscopical^  in- 
vestigation of  the  cause  of  the  blue  flame  gi  ren 
off  by  common  salt  and  other  chlorides  when 
thrown  into  a  hot  fire.  It  is  not  due  to  either 
carbon  or  sulphur,  but  simply  to  hydrochloric 
acid. 


364 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[June  7,  1879 


Table  of  Highest  and  Lowest  Sales  in 
S.  F.  Stock  Exchange. 


Name  of 
Company* 

Week 

f,  mli  us 
May  15. 

.Week  |  Week 
Ending  .Ending 

May  S».|May  29. 

Week 
Ending 

June  5. 

17       14 

63.        5;? 
25c     20c 

"ii  i'.io 

"5J    "3J 

40c     30c 
144      12i 

4.30       31 
1       60c 
40c     30c 
93       91 
4.40    3.40 
12       101 

1.90      n 
75c      55c 
30c     20c 
*  2     1.20 
74       6j 
21       2 
53    4.70 
12|       9 
li    1.05 
71       63 
4.40    3.6C 

15c     10c 

55c     40c 
16J     16 
4|    3.65 
20c     15c 

3J    3.2C 
10c    ... 

14       13 
25c    .... 
81       61 
12£     10 
2.15       lj 
S5c     25c 

20c    .... 

3.10    2. SO 

3.40       3$ 

3J       21 

6  .... 

4     3.60 

55c     40c 
1.35       1 
1.40    1.15 
60c     50c 
70c    .... 

2J       2 

7  63 
80c     60c 

32       27 

10     n 

60c     40c 
7i       63 

20c      10c 

23 
8J 
50c 

i!20 

"26c 
1 

6 

40c 
19J 

P 

60c 

■? 

us 

1.80 
1 

45c 

2.35 

71 

2.95 

ii! 

1.65 

75i 

25c 

70c 
18 
8! 
25c 

2oc 

ii 

40c 
10} 

154 
2i 
35c 

15c 
28 
41 
3. 85 
6 

5 
10c 

70c 

1.45 
1.40 
75c 
75c 

2S 

"i" 

37J 

10J 
70c 
7 

20c 

18     234      21J 

7l!    88       7J 

294     223 

10         85 

Alps 

Argenta 

Atlantic 

Aurora  Tunnel 

Baltimore  Con 

25c 
■76c 

'56c 
5 
30c 

1 

35c 
12 
4.35 
IK 

1.60 

75c 
35c 
2 

« 

2.60 
61 
121 

1.40 

61 

4.61 

20c 

60c 
171 
51 
20c 

3 

15c 

13 

25c 

s.i 

131 
2.20 
25c 

i'M 
3.60 
3.15 

4 

50c 
11 
1 

55c 
60c 

2.30 
'60c 
34 

91 
55c 
6! 

15c 

'351 
50c 
8S 

'60c 

31 

2i 

111 

26 
44! 
:  '"■ 

81 

20c 

11 

2.60 

'35c 

2.90 
2.30 
75c 
20c 
634 
14 

1 

50o     40c 

"ii  '96c 
'36c   '26c 

"6i    "5j 
45c     40c 
201      "i 

7*       6- 
2.70    1.60 

1       65c 
43       21J 

54    4.55 
134     11 

•ii    1.60 
23      90c 

1  30c 
3         2i 
7         5 
3         2i 
9         6i 

16       13: 

1.70    1.45 

7         5j 

6         5 

45c     25c 

60c     50c 
18       17 
84       74 
25c    ... 

3.40    3.1C 
20c      15c 

15       13 
80c      50c 
12}       9| 
18       14; 

2  1.90 

15c     10c 

3  2.80 
43    3.70 
3}    3.30 
6         54 

54       41 

80c     65c 

1.40       H 

1      .... 

75c     70c 
80c     70c 

2.40       21 

6}    .... 

1.80       1 

43       40 

10}     10 
65c     60c 
6J       6 

25c     15c 

46'     '37' 
95c     60c 
11}       8} 

34    .... 
1       25c 
54    4.60 

4}        3 

17      124 

54'     '47' 
24       2 

50c    '.'.'.'. 

90c     25c 

3  1} 
5.85       2} 

15c       5c 
50c     35c 

50c     35c 

4}       3} 

4  2.20 
80c     70c 
35c     25c 
90       80 
32       18j 

.30    1.10 

25c    '.'.'.'. 

21}      174 

1.35     50c 

i'J5    "i" 
25c    .... 

05   "i' 

6}       5i 

75c     55c 

22        IS,; 
8J       71 

Bechtel 

2.40    1.90 
1.40       1 

41       364 

7j       6 
14j      114 

"23    "2' 
24       14 

1.05     75c 

3.30       2j 

7         6! 

31       2 

9!       7S 

188      15 
2      1.65 
6}       6j 
6}       5J 

30c    .... 

10c    .... 

14      50c 

18|     17j 

Exchequer. 

40c     30c 

44    3.45 
75c      15c 

Golden  Terra 

14       13 

Hale  &  Norcross 

13       114 

181      15 
21       2 

35c     30c 

3.90       3 

4.85    3.80 

6         5} 

2       70c 

50c    .... 

1}      10c 

2.35       21 

64  ...: 

«       U 
454      42 

3       .... 
U          9 

1       65c 

7  68 

50c      25c 
60c      50c 
394      371 
65c    .... 
12       10J 

3         24 
1       75c 
61       54 

64       4} 
80c    .... 

174      15 

56}    'iii 

3         21 

8  7 
50c     40c 

1       80c 
24       2 
33       3 
20       10 
65c     40c 
25c     20c 
60c     25c 

44    3.45 
i.90       31 
90c      75c 
40c     25c 
97       87 
31       24 

14       11 

30c     25c 
50c     25c 

214      20 

North  Con  Virginia. 

Northern  Belle. . . . 

36  %     31* 
50c    .... 
8         6£ 

45c    '40c 
34       2 

3     2.60 
30c     25c 

HI       8} 
23       22 
45       40 
2     1.30 
8      .... 

50c     20c 
2         1 
2.55       2 
25c    .... 
40c     35c 

45c     40c 

42 
90c 
10 

'85c 

1.90 

3J 

60c 

!3> 

27 

50! 
2} 
81 

55c 

2 

1.10 

15c 
50c 

50c 
30c 

Phenix 

Phil  Sheridan 

Raymond  &  Ely 

Sierra  Nevada 

Silver  Hill 

Star 

J. 35    2.10,3.30 
80c     75c  S5c 
25c       5c  30c 
69       53  |  77 
13J     11*!  19J 

TJtah 

20c    .... 

iii    13 

5c 

19 

Sales  at  S.  F.  Stock  Exchange. 


Friday  A.  91.,  May  30, 

1050  Andes 50<375c 

295  Alpha 

660  Alta..... 

185  Beat  &  Belcher. . . , 

2310  Bullion „ 

1375  Benton 61(36 

605  Belcher 61<36 

350  Baltimore  (Jon l(3i; 

250  Confidence lCialf) 

2775  Con  Imperial..  1.65(31. 70 

190  California. 64(363 

440  Con  Virginia i;V,i; 

775  Chollar 9J@9; 

405  Crown  Point t^fo'tl,. 

500  Cosmopolitan 25c 

1110  Challenge 3(931 

1545  Caledonia 31<rf>3 

800  CDorado 23(rt2_.70 

690  Exchequer 

150  Fairfax 

2270  Flowery 

300  Green 1 

825  Gould&Curry....lL\^lo 

415  Hale  &  Nor 17.^^171 

645  Justice 3.90(33.80 

445  Julia 4.60(344 

120  Kentuck 5J 

2230  Lady  Bryan 75@70c 

50  Leviathan .75c 

930  Lady  Wash li«<l.i;ii 

560  Mexican -I2v«>  13 

1310  Mackcy 3!'?2  if) 

800  Mount  View "' 

5655  N  Bonanza _    _ 

1475  New  York 65:"  7n( 

870  North  Con  Vir. . .  .10j"<"  11 

290  Ophir 39.'.<p-3'.i 

915  Overman 12:<>  1 1 .'. 

105  Occidental 50c 

585  Phil  Sheridan 90c@l 

660  Potoai 6 

340  Savage 16£@16t 

300  S  Potoai 75c 

100  Succor ........1 

305  SierraNevada _ 

I  200  Senator 15c 


1670  Scorpion 33(33.60 

930  Silver  Hill 2.45(324 

850  Solid  Silver A0c 

600  Trojan 35@30c 

395  Utah 27(3273. 

140  Union  Con 87(589* 

930  Ward li@1.30 

655  Yellow  Jacket. .  .214@20S 

AFTEHNOON  .SESSION, 

970  Argenta 1 

500  Adenda 1 

1125  Booker 80<375c 

495  Bodie 36*@37i 

200  Belmont 50c 

3885  Belle  Isle 1@U 

350  Bechtel 2.35@2.30 

140  Bulwer Ug@I2 

2290  Belvidere H(31.90 

965  Black  Hawk "24(323. 

400  Champion 45@35c 

630  U  Pacific 4@5 

300  Day 50c 

1255  Dudley :1.15@U 

225  Defiance 7ll 

70  Endowment 30c 

130  Eureka  Con 18J@18i 

550  Fourth  July 80@75c 

1060  Gila 20@15c 

130  Grand  Prize 3*. 

1845  Goodshaw 75@65c 

600  Golden  Terra 14@13* 

300  Hussey 10c 

300  Hillside 2i@2.15 

115  Independence 3 

400  Jupiter 85@90c 

200  Leopard 75c 

500  Modoc 10c 

1180  McClinton lj@1.40 

1695  Mono 8@83 

360  Mammoth 144(315 

10  Martin  White 6* 

30  Northern  Belle 6f 

300  Navajo '. 25c 

150  Noonday 24(3:2.60 

340  NNoonday 1.10 

25  Oriental 65c  i 

500  Orient Kg  ! 


65  Phenix 3 

700  Red  Cloud 65@75c 

90  Raymond  &  Ely.        "     " ' 

650  Star 

250  Silver  Prize 40@45c 

250  Summit 2£<5>2.40 

295  Syndicate 34@3.45 

555  S  Bodie :....50(345c 

3545  SBulwer li@1.45 

100  Silver  King 7 

1665  Tioga  Con 3i@3.40 

50  Tiptop 85c 

1650  University 80@85c 

600  Vortex. 85c 

Saturday  A.  M.,  illuj  31 
100  Alpha 23 

1750  Andes , 

510  Alta. 

695  Argenta 

30C  Albion 30c 

390  Adenda 

355  Best  &  Belcher...  193(320 

660  Bullion 7] 

475  Belcher 5j._ 

300  Benton 61tg6j 

300  Belmont 60@55c 

2445  Belle  Isle ll@r    '" 

1205  Bechtel 2.4t 

370  Bodie ;.38jl 

105  Bulwer 1H(S12 

145  Black  Hawk 2 .60@24 

1385  Belvidere 1. 70(31; 

100  Booker 90(3j)5c 

80  Con  Virginia. 

145  California 

320  Chollar .._. 

850  Crown  Point 5j<35fi 

1956  Con  Imperial.. 1.65W1. 70 

110  Confidence 151@15 

395  Challenge 3@2 

590  Caledonia 3(33.05 

750  Con  Dorado 

100  Concordia 30c 

200  Champion 35@40c 

200  CPacific 5i@5i 

100  DeFrees 10c 

100  Day H 

680  Dudley li@1.15 

760  Exchequer 8@8J 

105  Eureka  Con 18i@18 

300  Endowment 30c 

1175  Flowery l@li 

500  Fourth  of  July 80c 

235  Gould  &Curry...lli@lll 

450  Gila 40c 

230  GrandPrize 3J@3.45 

470  Goodshaw 65075c 

250  Golden  Terra 13 

120  Giant  &  O  A. . . 

1190  H&Norcross 

565  Hillside 2.15(321 

150  Highbridge 30<5>35c 

50  Jackson 53 

380  Justice 3.90@4 

585  Julia 44@4."~ 

630  Jupiter 75@J 

155  Kentuck 5^(351 

170  LWash lj@l.S0 

1945  L  Bryan 80@70c 

500  Leopard 1 

400  Leviathan 70@60c 

215  Mexican 42J(3;42i 

300  Margarita 15c 

100  Mary  Ann 25c 

250  Mountain  View 2@13 

295  Mackey 2.90@2a 

440  McClinton 14(31.40 

375  Mammoth 15(3144 

510  Mono 

600  New  York 

3935  N  Bonanza 2£@2.70 

195  N  Con  Virginia. . .  .10@9j 

700  Navajo 30c 

500  Noonday 21(323 

105  Ophir 38K338 

350  Overman 101(oil0S 

150  Occidental 60c 

440  Potosi 5J 

150  Phil  Sheridan 80c 

50  Phenix 24 

350  Paradise 1.45(5)1.40 

105  Raymond  St  E 6@6i 

170  Real  del  Monte 2 

100  Richer ', 80c 

950  Solid  Silver 10c 

45  Savage 151CC15 

45  Sierra  Nevada. . .  ,52@52j 
500  Succor 95c 

66  Silver  Hill 21@2.35 

50  Scorpion 3j@3.40 

650  Syndicate .34@3.60 

300  SPotosi 75c 

50  Star  

660  Summit 

1295  SBulwer 1.65(^1.55 

100  Standard 10 

310  South  Bodie...      "" 

640  Tioga 

100  Trojan 35c 

60  Tiptop 85c 

250  Utah 26@24 

160  Union  Con 90@894 

1030  University l(*90c 

150  Vortex 85ftt!90c 

1090  Ward H@1.40 

100  Wells-Fargo 30c 

355  Yellow  Jacket.... 20@20f 
Monday  A.  M.«  Jnnc  3, 

615  Alta ■ 94@9i 

1990  AndeB 1@1.35 

155  Belcher 56 

440  Bullion 71 

290  Best&  Belcher.. 193@18j 

1325  Benton 6|^7 

1195  California 

5535  Con  Imperial... .1J@1.86 

165  Confidence 154@15 

355  Challenge 3.10@3 

380  Crown  Point 5S@5J 

800  CDorado.. 2J(a2.60 

860  Con  Virginia 6fi@63 

330  Chollar 8J@! 

945  Caledonia 3.15@3, 

1290  Exchequer, 8g@l 

700  Fairfax 95c@l 

1090  Flowery l@li 

185  Gould  &  Curry. .  .U5@1U 

590  Hale  &  Nor 16i@174 

260  Julia 45 

795  Justice 4.10(ff4j 

150  Leviathan 65@60c 

575  Lady  Wash H<fti.8Q 

1260  Lady  Bryan 1.70@2 

570  Mexican 42@42j 

850  Mackey 2.10@2 

200  Mountain  View 21@2 

325  North  Con  Vir 9@93 

2085  NBonanza 2.85(&2j 

530  New  York 85@S0c 

545  Ophir 374@3f 

125  Overman lli@ll: 

150  Potosi T.5J 

50  Phil  Sheridan 90c 

1260  Silver  Hill 2.70<j*2i 

735  Savage 154@15{ 

150  Succor 90c 

245  Sierra  Nevada 52 

450  Solid  Silver 10c 

1030  Scorpion 3J@3 

1625  Trojan 35@40c 

125  Utah 23@23J 

205  Union  Con 91@92 

800  Wells-Fargo 25@30c 

1190  Ward 12@1.30 

1180  Yellow  Jacket 20l@21 

AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

1200  Adenda 75c@l 

1160  Albion 25@30c 

2445  Argenta 1 .10@1 

990  Belmont -... .6O@70c 

865  Bodie 40 

1670  Bechtel 2.35@2.40 

105  Bulwer. 13@141 

1900  Belvidere 1.80(a?24 

1050  Booker 95c@l 

1365  Belle  Isle 1.40(2)1.30 

595  Black  Hawk 2i@f" 

875  C  Pacific 7<aC. 

500  Champion 40@45c 

340  Caledonia  |B  H) 44 

1470  Dudley ll@li 

300  Day 60c 


105  Eureka  Con IS 

200  Endowment 40@35c 

900  Fourth  July 80c 

650  Gila 45c 

500  Giant&OA 7 

820  Grand  Prize 4i@4 

1750  Goodshaw 80@70c 

350  Golden  Terra 131 

500  Hussey 10c 

250  Hamburg 45(®50c 

1225  Hillside 21 

50  Highbridge 35c 

1500  Independence  . . .  .3@3.15 

25  Jackson 5J 

1725  Jupiter 11@1 

750  Leopard 75(6>65c 

100  Leeds 75c 

110  Mammoth. 14i@l4 

U40  May  Belle 35@50c 

10  Manhattan 21 

380  Mono 8g@81 

100  Modoc EOc 

1565  McClinton U<a>1.40 

20  Northern  Belle 7 

835  Noonday 2£@3 

110  NNoonday 1 

1100  Navajo 50@40c 

50  Orient 20c 

50  Phenix 3 

195  Raymond  &  Ely. . .  .6@6l 

630  Red  Cloud 75@70c 

80  Real  del  Monte 21 

150  Star 50c 

950  South  Standard 20c 

350  Silver  Prize 50c 

1795  S  Bulwer 1.70@I* 

565  Summit 2J@2 

1815  Syndicate 4@4i 

725  Tioga  Con 3.80@3.90 

225  Tipton 85@30c 

1245  University 95c@l 

900  Vortex 85@90c 

Tuesday  A.  M..  June  3. 

190  Alpha , 

2300  Atlantic 

2540  Andes 90cO*l  .05 

1555  Alta 93@10 

1150  Bullion 8j@84 

810  Belcher  ...  6@6J 

185  Best  &  Belcher.... 21i@21 

830  Benton 7@7J 

340  Confidence 15J@16 

2545  Con  Imperial..  1.85@1. 80 

370  Crown  Point 5g(S6 

840  California 6g@6i 

1000  Con  Dorado 2 .  %<a.2\ 

1000  Cosmopolitan 35c 

555  Caledonia 3.30@3.20 

200  Challenge 31 

700  Con  Virginia 6g@6 J 

615  Chollar. 9(&9I 

1700  Exchequer. 9@9i 

400  Fairfax 75c 

1430  Flowery. 1@1.05 

400  Green 1@1.10 

635  Gould&Curry....l2|@13 
^20  H  &  Norcross. . .  .181^173 

920  Justice 4H(fi>4.85 

1300  Julia 44(£4J 

150  Kentuck .&i@ti 

115  Leviathan 60@55c 

280  Lady  Wash.  ...1.95^1.90 

850  LBryan 1.30@14 

605  Mackey 2(2>2.05 

400  Mexican 45i@45J 

350  MtView 2@2.10 

1745  N  Bonanza. ...2.55@2. 60 

670  North  Con  Vir 9@9i 

1220  New  York 90c@l 

220  Overman 12<a>llf 

625  Ophir 39J@38i. 

405  Phil  Sheridan 90c 

715  Potosi __.. 

650  Pioneer *'l5c 

360  Savage 174(^171 

370  Succor 90(395c 

765  Sierra  Nevada. . .  .55(3563 

200  Solid  Silver 10@15c 

830  Scorpion 3J@3.40 

200  Senator 20c 

150  SPotosi 75c 

1720  Silver  Hill 3@2.90 

1850  Trojan 35@40c 

775  Utah 28J@31 

220  Union  Con 97(s?954 

1195  Wells  Fargo 25@30c 

690  Ward 1.40@1.45 

100  Woodville 30@25c 

695  Yellow  Jacket. . .  .20i@21 

AFTERNOON  HEHSION. 

700  Addenda 80@75c 

1395  Argenta Ii@l.l5 

400  Albion 30@25c 

225  Bodie 37j@38* 

575  Bechtel 2.05@2.1U 

585  Booker 1(5)1 .05 

1940  Belmont 60@70c 

yiO  Belvidere 1.90<»2 

135  Bulwer 131  @13* 

955  Black  Hawk 2*(a2i 

3495  Belle  Isle 1.2W01 

1305  C  Pacific. 6J(5>7 

100  Chieftain 10c 

490  Champion.. ... 40@45c 

330  Caledonia  (B  H) 41 

885  Dudley li@i 

800  Day 55@60c 

55  Eureka  Con 173 

50  Endowment 40c 

800  GoodBhaw 70@65c 

400  GrandPrize 44@4.40 

210  Golden  Terra 13 

150  Gila 5oc 

415  Hillside 2@2.20 

I860  Independence- 3. 60@3. 90 

210  Jackson 5J@5i 

575  Jupiter 1.20<rt>l| 

420  Leopard 70@65c 

955  Mono 8@8i 

50  May  Belle 50c 

515  McClinton 14@1.40 

100  Mammoth 13@12 

70  Manhattan 2i@2.30 

250  Northern  Belle 7 

250  Navajo 45c 

1040  Noonday 3 

875  N  Noonday 1(5)1.05 

600  Orient .'.20c 

230  Paradise li@1.45 

750  Red  Cloud 65@60c 

220  Raymond  &  Ely 44@41 

700  Syndicate 4@jl 

540  S  Bodie 40@50c 

650  S  Standard 25c 

150  Star 50c 

800  Summit 2J@2.10 

2325  SBulwer 1.30@14 

100  Tioga 33 

250  Tiptop 75c 

1050  University 90@75c 

800  Vortex 85(ft90c 

Wed'sday  A.  M.t  June  4. 

95  Alpha 27@26 

600  Alta 94@91 

3090  Atlantic 25c 

1750  Andes 85@70c 

625  Benton 6J(563 

250  B&Belcher 21@20| 

240  Baltimore  Con 1@1  35 

800  Bullion 8(5>7£ 

305  Belcher 6@5S 

155  Confidence 153@l8ft 

185  Crown  Point 53@5s 

2460  Con  Imperial.. 1.90@1. 85 

360  Caledonia 2.80@3 

720  Con  Dorado 2.80@2J 

1000  Cosmopolitan 35^40c 

605  California 7(5:63 

415  Con  Virginia 6£(a6s 

220  Chollar 83@8fi 

260  Challenge 3}@3.10 

1190  Exchequer 9i@9g 

200  Erie 50c 

1060  Flowery 90<5tf5c 

490  Gould  &  Curry. .  .12J@123 

100  Geo  Douglas 40c 

540  Hale  &  Nor 173@181 

400  Julia 4. 6l!<5)4$ 

240  Justice 4.65 

120  Kentuck 53@5fi 

910  Lady  Bryan 1 .  10@l| 

410  Lady  Wash li@l,95 


MINING  SHAREHOLDERS'  DIRECTORY. 


Compiled  every  Thursday  from  Advertisements  in  Mining  and  Scientific  Press  and  other  S.  F .  Journals. 
ASSESSMENTS-STOCKS  ON  THE  LISTS  OP  THE  BOARDS. 

No.    Amt.  Levied.    Delinq'nt.    Sale.    Secretary.  Place  op  Bosinkbs 

12         25    May  5        June  11       July  1       M  Landers  .309  Montgomery  st 

18      1  00    May  20       June  25     July  15       Jno  Crockett  '203  Bush  Bt 

Wm  H  Lent  309  Montgomery  at 

W  H  Lent  309  Montgomery  st 

W  A  M  Van  Bokkelen  419  Cal  at 

Wm  Willis  309  Montgomery  st 


Company. 
Andes  S  M  Co 
Belcher  S  M  Co 
Bodie  G  M  Co 
Booker  Con  G  M  Co 
Brilliant  M  Co 
Beat  &  Belcher  M  Co 
Bechtel  Con  M  Co 
Bullion  M  Co 


Location. 

Nevada 

Nevada 

California 

California 

Nevada 

Nevada 

California 

Nevada 

Crown  Point  Ravine  G  &  S  M  Co       Nev 


Crown  Point  G  &  S  M  Co 
DeFrees  M  &  M  Co 
Gila  S  M  Co 

Hussey  Con  G  &  S  M  Co 
Justice  M  Co 
Mexican  G  &  S  M  Co 
North  Carson  S  M  Co 
Trojan  M  Co 
Raymond  &  Ely  M  Co 
Sierra  Nevada  S  M  Co 
South  Bulwer  G  M  Co 
Solid  Silver  G  &  S  M  Co 
Succor  M  &  M  Co 
Tioga  Con  M  Co 
Trojan  M  Co 
Union  Con  S  M  Co 
Yellow  Jacket  S  M  Co 
Wells  Fargo  M  Co 


10 


Nevada 

Nevada 

Nevada 

Nevada 

Nevada 

Nevada 

Nevada 

Nevada 

Nevada    11 

Nevada  57 
California      3 

Nevada      1 

Nevada  23 
California     5 

Nevada    10 

Nevada    13 

Nevada    32 

Nevada    12 


Amt.  Levied. 

25  May  5 

1  00  May  20 

1  00  Apr  23 

25  Apr  28 

25  Apr  26 

1  00  Apr  17 

25  Apr  19 

I  00  May  6 

15  Apr  16 

1  00  June  4 

15  May  29 

20  Apr  30 

15  May  27 

1  00  May  26 

1  00  May  14 

'25  Apr  26 

25  Apr  9 

1  00  Apr,  23 

2  00  Apr  16 
10  May8 
25  May  14 
50  Apr  23 
20  Apr  3 
25  April  9 

2  00  June  4 

1  00  Apr  15 

25  Apr  23 


June  25 
May  30 
June  2 
May  30 
May  21 
May  26 
June  9 
May  20 
July  11 
June  28 
June  3 
Julyl 
June  30 
June  18 
June  2 
June  2 
June  2 
May  20 
June  12 
June  15 
May  28 
May  8 
June  2 
July? 
May  19 
May  24 


July  15 
June  19 
June  23 
June  21 
June  10 
June  16 
June  30 

June  9 
July  29 
July  18 
June  23 
July  22 
July  19 
July  10 
June  20 
June  23 

Julyl 
June  10 

July  3 
July  10 
June  17 
May  28 
June  23 
July  24 
June  17 
June  10 


Wm  H  Lent 
Joseph  Gruff 
J  M  Buffington 
Jas  Newlands 
T  E  Atkinson 
Wm  W  Parrish 
Jno  E  Dixon 
R  E  Kelley 
C  L  McCoy 
J  W  Morgan 
David  Wilder 
Jos  Roberta,  Jr 
W  W  Stetson 
William  Stuart 
J  J  Applegate 
Wm  H  Watson 
W  H  Lent 
David  Wilder 
J  M  Buffington 
Mercer  Otey 
O  H  Bogart 


309  Montgomery  at 

418  California  st 
309  California  at 

203  Bush  st 

318  Pino  st 

328  Montgomery  st 

327  Pine  at 

419  California  st 

203  Bush  st 

318  Pine  at 

328  Montgomery  at 

330  Pine  at 

309  Montgomery  st 

320  Sahsome  st 

331  Montgomery  at 

302  Montgomery  at 

309  Montgomery  at 

328  Montgomery  st 

309  California  at 

Gold  Hill,  Nev 

106  Leidesdbrff  at 


OTHER  COMPANIES— NOT  ON  THE  LISTS  OF  THE  BOARDS. 


America  M  Co 

Amazon  Con  M  Co 

Almadeu  Q  M  Co 

Black  Hawk  G  M  Co 

Champion  M  Co 

Cherokee  Flat  Blue  Grav  Co 

Dudley  M  Co 

Eagle  S  M  &  M  Co 

Emigrant  S  M  Co 

Florence  Blue  Grav  M  Co 

Goodshaw  M  Co 

Hidalgo  M  &  S  Co 

Jupiter  M  Co 

Mayflower  S  M  Co 

McClinton  M  Co 

North  Bonanza  M  Co 

Old  Dan  G  &  S  M  Co 

Oro  M  Co 

Queen  Bee  M  Co 

Rocky  Point  M  Co 

Seg  Europa  M  Co 

Sclby  Hill  M  Co 

San  Pedro  G  &  S  M  Co 

Sigourney  G  &  S  M  Co 

Sophia  G  M  Co 

South  Utah  M  Co 

Tellurium  G&SMCo 


Name  of  Compaky. 
Lone  Tree  G  &  S  M  Co 
George  Douglass  M  Co 
Mitchell  G  &  S  M  Co 
Vauderbilt  M  &  M  Co 


Nevada  1 

Nevada  6 

California  2 

California  5 

California  3 

California  41 

California  3 

Nevada  13 

California  4 

California  4 

California  3 

California  1 

California  3 

Nevada  1 

California  3 

Nevada  2 

California  1 

California  1 

California  3 

California  1 

Nevada  1 

California  2 

California  1 

California  2 

California  1 

Nevada 


50 
05 
10 
01 

20 


California    18 


25  May  9 
10  Mar  24 
25  Apr  15 
25  Apr  28 
15  Apr  15 
05  Apr  10 
25  Apr  8 
20  Apr  16 
May  10 
Apr  18 
Apr  23 
Mar  29 
Apr  24 
U5  Apr  I 
25  May  15 
50  Apr  30 
35    May  16 

05    

10    April  22 
10    Apr  17 
25    Apr  4 
15    May  8 
02    May  14 
05    May  15 
02J  Apr  23 
10    Apr  7 
10    May  29 


June  11 
June  11 
May  17 
June  5 
June  6 
May  12 
May  10 
May  20 
June  10 
May  22 
May  30 
May  8 
May  26 
June  6 
June  20 
June  4 
June  20 
May  8 
May  26 
May  29 
June  11 
June  9 
June  16 
June  21 
June  5 
May  10 
July  5 


June  28 
Julyl 
June  10 
Junu28 
July  7 
June  10 

June  9 
June  10 
June  30 

June  9 
June  20 

June  9 
June  25 
June  30 

July  10 
Juno  29 

July  10 

June  16 
June  16 
June  28 
June  26 
July  7 
July  11 
June  23 
May  31 
July  31 


R  B  Noyes 
Jno  Crockett 
J  F  Mahoney 
H  A  Charles 
Jno  Crockett 
R  N  Van  Brunt 
E  C  Maaten 
Jno  E  Dixon 
B  W  Mudge 
F  A  McGee 
Victor  Fernbach 
J  Costa 
E  C  Masten 
JWPew 
Wm  H  Lent 
W  W  Stetson 
Wm  H  Watson 
William  Stuart 
T  A  White 
T  L  Bibblns 
R  B  Noyes 
H  Aug  Whiting 
T  A  White 
A  Judson 
L  L  Blood 
O  S  Healy 
J  M  Litchfield 


240  Montgomery  it 

203  Buah  st 

207  Sansome  st 

419  California  at 

203  Bush  Bt 

318  Pine  at 

309  Montgomery  st 

327  Pine  st 

309  Montgomery  at 

Merchants'  Ex 

327  Pine  Bt 

323  Front  at 

309  Montgomery  at 

310  Pine  at 

309  Montgomery  at 

309  Montgomery  Bt 

302  Montgomery  at 

320  Sansome  Bt 

113  Lefdcadorff  at 

314  BuBh  st 

240  Montgomery  st 

-11  Sansome  Bt 

113  LeideBdorff  at 

320  Sansome  at 

Merchants'  Ex 

Merchants'  Exchange 

415  Montgomery  nt 


MEETINGS  TO  BE  HELD. 


.    Secretary. 
Henry  Cluskey 
W  W  Bausman 
A  C  Hammond 
J  Morizio 


Office  in  S.  F. 

318  Pine  at 

409  California  st 

401  California  st 

328  Montgomery  st 


Meeting. 
Annual 
Special 
Annual 
Annual 


LATEST  DIVIDENDS-WITHIN    THREE    MONTHS 


Name  of  Company. 
Con  Virginia  M  Co 
Excelsior  W  &  M  Co 
Eureka  Con  M  Co 
Napa  Con  Q  M  Co 
Standard  Con  M  Co 
Martin  Wnite  M  Co 


Location.  Secretary. 

Nevada  A  W  Haven 

California  G  P  Thurston 

Nevada  W  W  Traylor 

California  Wm  W  Parrish 

California  W  Willis 

Nevada  J  J  Scoville 


Office  in  S.  F. 
30y  Montgomery  at 
315  California  Bt 

37  Nevada'Block 
328  Montgomery  Bt 
309  Montgomery  st 
309  Montgomery  st 


Amount. 
50 
25 
1  00 
10 
50 
30 


Date 

June  9 
June  18 
June  17 
June  19 


Payable 
May  15 
Apr  21 
May  21 
Apr  30 
Apr  12 
May  27 


750  Leviathan 60(5/70c 

575  Mexican 44 

275  Mackey 2<»2.05 

200  MtView 2(32.10 

915  N  Bonanza 2.)5@2 

160  North  Con  Vir 9@9J 

670  New  York 90(d»75c 

550  Ophir 373(S)37i 

185  Overman llJC^lli 

100  Phil  Sheridan  . . .  .75@80c 

575  Potosi 5fe@6 

760  Savage 16i@16 

1100  Silver  Hill 23^2.55 

375  Succor 90@80c 

70  Solid  Silver 15c 

50  St  Louia 50c 

510  SierraNevada. ...55@54i 

300  S  Potosi 30c 

250  Scorpion 3.30@3.35 

850  Trojan 35c 

240  Utah 29@28 

495  Union 91@94J 

495  Ward 1.40 

50  Wells-Fargo 25c 

200  Woodville 35@40c 

565  Yellow  Jacket... 20J( 

AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

920  Argenta 1.15 

250  Albion 30c 

250  Addenda 75c 


1050  Day 50@55c 

970  Dudley 90c@l 

200  Defiance U 

250  Eureka  Con 173 

700  Fourth  July 80c 

130  Grand  Prize 4} 

220  Gila 75c 

1070  Goodshaw 65c 

100  Golden  Terra 13@l3j 

100  Giant&O  A 7 

200  Hussey 15c 

25  Hamburg 50c 

450  Highbridge 30c 

250  Hillside 2@2.05 

400  Independence  ...3.55@3] 
40  Jackson 6 

2300  Jupiter 90c@l 

1025  Leopard 65@80c 

50  Leeds 75c 

200  Manhattan 2.35 

800  Modoc 11 

390  McClinton 1.30@1.40 

1130  Mono 9(fc9i 

200  Mammoth 15 

550  Navajo. 45@40c 

50  Northern  Belle 7 

1250  Noonday 3 

350  N  Noonday 1 

600  Orient 20c 

50  Paradise. 


380  Union  Con 86(387 

845  Utah 28^32 

1000  Ward 1.20@lj 

960  Yellow  Jacket. .  .201@21; 


190  Black  Hawk 2@2.10  320  Raymond  &  Ely 4$ 

200  Booker 95c@l;  200  Red  Cloud 60@55c 

900  Belmont 70@75c,  165  Standard 32@321 

485  Belle  Isle 1.20@lj    500  Star 2o(»40c 

195  Bodie 40@39i|  900  Syndicate 4i@4J 

275  Bulwer. 133@14   2<S0  Summit 2.10@2 

790  Belvidere 1.90@2>  240  S  Bodie 50@40c 

1795  Bechtel 2@1. 901180  SBulwer U@1.40 

400  Champion 40c     35  Silver  King 8, 

645  Con  Pacific 63@6J     50  Tiptop ....90c 

1000  Chieftain 10c|  370  Tioga  Con 3.60@3i 

100  Caledonia  (B  H) 4.201335  University 85c 

100  DeFrees 10c  200  Vortex 90c 

SALES  OF   LAST  WEEK  AND  THIS  COMPARED 


Tlmrsd'y  A.  M.,  June  5. 

195  Alta ttf 

155  Alpha 29@29j 

1125  Andes 80@90c 

250  BeBt  &  Belcher. ..  .20i@21 

870  Bullion 8|@82 

165  Belcher 5|@5J 

360  Benton 6|(g;7 

180  Confidence 15i(§15 

120  California 62 

100  Chollar 8& 

355  Con  Virginia 63 

260  Crown  Point 53@5g 

2435  Con  Imperial 2 

170  Challenge 3.20 

560  Caledonia 23@2.90 

1300  Cosmopolitan 45(5H0c 

1290  Con  Dorado 2.80@2 

1460  Exchequer 9J^J 

400  Erie 50c 

300  Flowery 90c 

805  Gould  &  Curry 123 

350  Hale  &  Nor 18@17j( 

410  Julia 4.60(54.65 

1420  Justice 41(5)4.05 

80  Kentuck 5* 

570  Lady  Bryan 1.20@1J 

540  Lady  Wash.... 1.80@1.85 

450  Leviathan 75@80c 

295  Mexican 44 

100  Morning  Star 3 

.„  350  MtView 2i<»2.10 

1700  N  Bonanza.  ...1.90@2. 10   570  Mackey 2.05@2 

760  N  Con  Vir 103@10jl  450  New  Vork 85@95c 

710  Ophir 394@40|  150  N  Sierra  Nevada 15c 


TBinrsuay  A.  M.,  May  29. 

270  Alta 8J@8J 

270  Alpha 23i 

1145  AndeB  40(&50c 

275  Best  &  Belcher... 20^201 

905  Belcher 61@6f 

fc95  Bullion 7J@7 

765  Benton 5*<a5 

710  California 6R«6 

1375  Crown  Point 6@5i 

245  Con  Virginia. 61(&6i 

745  Chollar 9@8j 

2335  Con  Imperial. .1.65@1.7l 

515  Confidence I51@16 

555  Caledonia 23@3 

925  Challenge 3@2.95 

1770  C Dorado 2i(H2.60 

720  Exchequer 8i}(a>81 

950  Flowery 80c@l 

1025  Fairfax , 

560  Gould  &  Curry. 
495  Hale  &  Nor. . . . 
215  Justice 3.60@3.65 

1450  Julia 4j@4f 

375  Kentuck 5@5L 

50  Leviathan 75c 

1280  L  Bryan 65@70c 

50  LadvWash l.f" 

660  Mexican 42J@43 

200  Mt  View 2@2.10 

1330  Mackey 2.90(33 

130  New  York 60c 


285  Overman 11(311} 

550  Potosi 5J<35i 

540  Phil  Sheridan 80c@l 

955  SierraNevada 533(355 

790  Savage 16j@17 

140  Succor S5@r 

615  Silver  Hill 2.20@2 

1725  Scorpion 3j(S 

200  Solid  Silver 10c 

1900  Trojan. 


5D5  North  Con  Vir 9 

640  N  Bonanza 2.15@2i 

245  Ophir 373@37i 

85  Overman 11 

180  Poto3i 6i 

20  PlUtua 1.35 

50  Pioneer 20o 

55  Savage 16' 

245  SierraNevada..," 
640  Silver  Hill 2 


AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

440  Aurora  T 25(&30c 

1825  Argenta lJfgl.IS 

350  Belmont 50c 

2350  Belle  IbIb 95c(31 

870  Bodie 34@35 

1465  Bechtel 2(32.10 

535  Bulwer 12? 

1610  Booker 1(31.10 

760  Black  Hawk 23 

3700  Belvidere 14(32 

2S45  Champion 35@45c 

200  Caledonia  (B  H) 5 

745  CPacific 3i@4 

910  Dudley 1.10(311 

100  Day 50c 

120  Eureka  Con 18 

200  Endowment 30c 

1200  Fourth  /July 55i3J>0c 

215  GrandPrize 3.4(X33i 

225  Golden  Terra 1< 

2325  Goodshaw 70@75c 

370  Hillside 2 

100  Highbridge 30c 

770  Independence 3 

65  Jackson 51@5£ 

1500  Jupiter 1(31.05 

210  Mammoth 12(313 

2170  McClinton 1.05@11 

1610  Mono 61(37 

880  Noonday 21<32J 

400  NNoonday 1.10(311 

300  Navajo 15c 

400  Northern  Belle 6g@7 

50  Oriental 50c 

100  Phenix 3 

320  Paradise 1 .40 

200  Raymond  &  Ely  . .  ,43<35i 
1  0  Real  del  Monte..  ;.2i@2J 

650  Red  Cloud 75c 

1470  Summit 2.40@2i 

50  Syndicate 3 

850  SBulwer 1(31.10 

250  Silver  Prize 45c 

400  Star. 50c 

2050  S  Bodie 45C350c 

100  Tiptop 75c 

1420  Tioga  Con 2i@2.90 

3100  University 70@90c 

500  Vortex 85c 


200  Senator 2(hr 

1480  Scorpion 3.40@34 

400  Solid  Silver 15@20c 

310  Trojan 25<335o 

200  Utah 28@28i 

20  Union  Con 92@9l 

550  Woodville 40@50c 

850  Wells-Fargo 30c 

570  Ward 1.35(31* 

295  Yellow  Jacket... 20j@20J 

AFTERNOON  BESSION. 

785  Argenta 1.10@1.05 

550  Albion. 306 

500  Adame  Hill 5 

600  Addenda 75@80c 

380  Belmont 70o 

120  Bodie 38i@39 

280  Bechtel 13@1.80 

625  Belle  IbIo 1.15(311 

550  Booker 90@95c 

1110  Black  Hawk 2@2.05 

805  Bulwer 13(3121 

365  Belvidere 13(31 .80 

570  Champion 40c 

800  Caledonia (BH).... 44(34| 

1000  Chieftain 10c 

1000  OrceauB .-..lOo 

495  CPacific 6J@6g 

1295  Day 55(#50c 

100  DeFrees 10c 

100  Defiance X) 

545  Dudley 90c@I 

150  Endowment 30e 

140  Eureka  Con 17] 

50  Fourth  July 80a 

425  Grand  Prize 4(«4l 

1300  Gila 65@75c 

160  Giant&OA 6£ 

950  Goodshaw 60@5f« 

830  Hillside ..2@1.S5 

650  Hussey 10c 

475  Highbridge 30c 

555  independence.... 3J@3. 85 

240  Jackson 54 

1200  Jupiter 95c@tf 

1480  Leopard 70@65o 

30  Leeds 7fio 

325  McClinton 1.30(3U 

1005  Mono 84@8i 

950  Modoc 1* 

235  Mammoth 14 

10  Martin  White 6 

10  May  Belle 50c 

145  Manhattan 2.35<a>21 

60  Northern  Belle 7^6) 

2000  Navajo 35c 

2000  Noonday 2.90 

1875  N  Noonday 1 

850  Orient 20c 

400  Paradise If 

50  Phenix 21    I 

230  Raymond  &  Ely.. 4J@4.60 

50  Richer 70c 

130  Red  Cloud 45@60c 

490  Summit. 2@2* 

1150  S  Standard 25c 

350  SBodie 40@50o 

2615  S  Bulwer U@}£° 

320  Star 40(335o    I 

800  Tiptop 90c 

50  Tuscarora «o    . 

625  Tioga  Con ._■•  : 

3950  University.... 
600  Vortex. 


California  Board— Latest  Sales. 


n'ecTsdny  A.  M.t  Jnne  4. 

700  j£tna 30c 

40  AlDha 253@25J 

50  Alts 9i@9i 

150  Andea 85c 

120  Atlantic 35@22i. 

40  Belcher 5ft«6 

30  Best  &  Belcher 211 

50  Bullion 7J@8 

30  California 6! 

50  Con  Virginia 6j 


300  Con  Imperial... 1.85@1.90 

40  Crown  Point 5i«j5.65 

30  Challenge 3-10 

140  Caledonia J| 

40  CPacific •;' 

100  Cosmopolitan ^350 

200  Coso  Con 3@4o 

60  Exchequer ^X* 

200  Goodshaw I0o 

30  Gould&Curry IJ! 

30  Halefc  Nor » 


June  7,  1879.1 


MINING    AND 


SCIENTIFIC 


PRESS. 


365 


60  Jul]. 4.0S""M.«>  XI  Belcher 5|<i5! 

39  Jurtlc« 41      10  Boil  i  IMchu KM 

300  Lee........ 2Ae'  100  fiullioD 8|<w$! 

160  Lcriathan 7*|c  130  Caledonia j.SJ 

1M  Lady  Bryan 1.35  40  Coo  Virginia 6} 

40  Mciicau 44  40  Crown  Point 51 

300  Mint l&<r!7c  200  Con  Imperial....  1|Q1. SB 

1000  Mouutnuntal ..3a  30  California 6( 

300  N  Sierra  Ne.ada.lS«rl2c  30  Conconlia 35c 

50  Ophlr 37i-r3di  1M  ConoCon 5c 

30  Potod 51      50  C  Pacific 7 

40  Savage lol  550  Coamopolltaji. . . .  .42ttf45c 

100  Senator 35c.    40  Exchequer &i£9| 

60  Silrer  Jacket 75c,  20")  Enterprise li 

1250  8  Utah 20W17C.    :W  loiul.l  It  Ciu-ry 12! 

400  S  Bodie 50u<53c     50  Hale  i  .Nor    . 

400  Silver  Prize 4W     40  Julia 465 

SO  Union 881'    30  Justice 4* 

»75  Waloa lMll     20  Mexican 44| 

100  Wella-Kargo 2»c  100  Newark  Site 

20  Yellow  Jacket 20)  750  N  Sierra  Ncraila  .15«rlle 

30  Ophlr 371 


arrkKNoON  HEMSION 
60  AJpha y,l«'V,i 

1O0  AJmaden  o 30c 

10  AuUea ....76c 

60  Alta 9,0*0, 

300  -111,:: 


100  Orient 

30  Poto.1 51 

20  Sarago 101 

950  Sl'tiOi l*021e 

200  Wale. 1  i 

30  Yellow  Jacket 90j 


Pacific  Board— Latest  Sales. 


W<-il'»cl»j.l.M 

60  Amlea 


,J  Alph 

150  Menton 7(tf71    120  Crown  Point 5.7<Xrf5: 

240  Belcher 5,«<5 .  .'1 


June  4. 

80c|     - 

160  A1U yi-rio    J10  Belcher ''l"''i 

80  Alpha K"<2f    170  Bullion 8j(*8i 

"""  Crown  Point 5.70«r5 

..  dollar Sfctf 

40  California 61 

100  Caledonia 2.90 

90  Con  Imperial 1.90 

100  Con  Virginia 6) 

170  Exchequer 9l 

200  Geo  DoUKlaa 50c 

50  0,ould4Curry...r-,i'Ol2j 


10  Bodle 

100  Beat*  Belcher.. ,21ii.«0i 

470  Bullion 81«M 

100  Chollar 9MB| 

10  Con  Imperial 1.88 

100  Con  Virginia.  ....IMM.De 

310  California 6.85e*6.95 

120  Crown  Point 5i<f5.70,  100  Herald  . . 

60  Caledonia 2.90     40  Juatlco... 

430  Kicheoucr 9J«r9i[  100  M  White. 

60)  Flowery.. 75c;    10  Mexican 

105  Gould  &  Curry....  13**1211 

100  Hale  1  Nor lgtotlTll 

120  Julia 4  60 

350  Justice 4.65@4.»! 

50  Kentuok 5] 

20  Lady  Bryan 1.35 

135  Mexican 43i<*44 

170  New  York 85(oJ95c 

50  X  Bonanza 21 

240  Ophir 38KS37J 

30  Overman Hi 

185  Sarage 17016! 

140  Scorpion 3S<«3.« 

65  Sierra  Nevada . . .  .541(355 

100  Silver  Hill 2.r" 

500  Trojan 35c 

60  Utah 28i@28( 

50  Union  Con 94 

40  Yellow  Jacket 20j 

AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

120  Andes 70@75c 

30  Bodie 39) 


20  Mammoth 16 

45  Mono 9 

65  M;ickey.. 2 

20  N  Bonanza 2.15 

220  New  York 85t«87)c 

10  North  Con  Vir 9 

100  Nob  Hill 45c 

500  North  SlcrraNev.l5@17c 

100  Ophir 371<337i 

20  Overman 11? 

560  Silver  Hill 2.70X32! 

700  Solid  Silver 10c 

700  Star 40@50o 

70  Savage lClwUSi 

140  Sierra  Nevada. . .  .55(fl>54s 

50  8  Bodie 45c 

2050  S  Utah 20@22c 

150  Silver  Prize 40c 

100  Trojan 35c 

100  Ward 1.40 

100O  W  Standard 1 

10  Yellow  Jacket 20! 


INING     SUMMARY. 


Th«  following  it  mostly  condensed  from  Journals  pub- 
lished In  the  interior,  in  proximity  to  the  mines  mentioned. 


CALIFORNIA. 


Mining  Share  Market 

The  stock  market  continues  healthy.  Since 
the  inception  of  the  present  activity  the  grow- 
ing character  of  the  market  has  steadily  devel- 
oped, till  from  the  present  outlook  there  is 
every  indication  of  an  immediate  strong  and 
widespread  improvement  in  affairs.  There  have 
been  fluctuations,  many  and  violent,  but  in 
every  case  the  recession  has  been  followed  by 
reaction,  and  the  net  result  has  been  forward. 
We  have  again  to  notice  a  phenomenon  before 
spoken  of,  viz.,  that  the  wildcats  and  more 
worthless  stocks  are  in  the  lead  and  much  more 
active  than  those  more  legitimately  worthy. 
This  is  especially  to  be  seen  in  the  Bodies.  The 
present  advance  may  be  referred  chiefly  to  two 
causes,  first,  the  spirit  of  speculation  induced 
by  the  increased  interest  and  larger  investments 
of  Eastern  operators  in  our  favorite  stocks;  and 
second,  the  actual  developments  made  of  late  in 
many  mines,  together  with  the  brilliant  pros- 
pects held  out  by  many  others.  Bodie,  if  not 
in  the  lead,  has  at  least  divided  the  honors  with 
the  Comstock  during  the  past  week.  Both 
fluctuated  largely,  the  one  rising  generally  as 
the  other  receded.  There  is  one  class  of  opera- 
tors who  refuse  to  deal  in  anything  but  the 
ComBtocks,  and  to  these  is  the  increase  of  busi- 
ness in  these  stocks  during  the  week  largely 
due.  Dealers  have  not  yet  become  wholly  con- 
fident, but  they  are  wide-awake  and  thoroughly 
watchful,  and  ready  to  embrace  any  and  every 
opportunity  which  may  offer  a  reasonably  safe 
investment. 

A  Fountain  Pen. — The  McKinnon  fountain 
pen,  a  device  recently  introduced  here  and 
which  we  have  UBed,  has  a  hollow  handle  in 
which  a  supply  of  ink  is  carried,  and  the  fluid 
flows  from  the  point  in  the  act  of  writing,  thus 
avoiding  the  necessity  of  the  use  of  an  inkstand. 
One  of  the  main  difficulties  in  this  class  of  pens 
heretofore  has  been  to  insure  a  free  and  certain 
delivery  of  the  ink,  and  also  to  bring  the 
instrument  within  the  size  and  weight  of  an 
ordinary  pen.  This  is  a  handsome  implement 
and  writes  smoothly,  being  somewhat  like  a 
lead  pencil  in  this  respect.  A  feature  in  its 
construction  is  that  there  is  no  liability  of  blot- 
ting or  dropping  of  ink.  It  is  very  easily  filled 
and  the  supply  will  ordinarily  last  for  several 
days.  It  may  be  carried  in  the  pocket  like  a 
pencil,  and  is   ready  for  use  at  any  time.     The 

general  agency  for  the  Pacific  coast  is  at  No.  24 
reary  street,  also  at  the  Palace  and  Baldwin 
hotels,  in  this  city. 

Poor,  But  Gifted. — Two  men,  under  the  ad- 
vice of  Mrs.  Bowers,  the  seeress,  are  digging  for 
coal  out  on,  the  deserts  of  Nevada.  This  lady 
is  able  to  indicate  the  locality  of  mineral  bodies; 
a  gift,  in  her  case,  connected  with  two  marvels, 
one  of  which  is  that  Bhe  herself  remains  mirac- 
ulously poor. 

The  Russian  bridge  over  the  Volga,  now  in 
progress,  is  to  be  over  four  miles  long  and  will 
cost  $3,500,000. 

A  great  increase  of  European  immigration  is 
setting  in  towards  the  United  States. 


AMADOR. 

LiMMl.N.-  -Lsdgcr,  May  31:  Tin-  Lincoln  mill  litis  tem- 
porarily suspended  o|>eratiunrj.  W.-rk  in  the  mine  con- 
tinue*. Contract*  have  been  let  (or  running  levels,  and 
while  the  work  is  progress! ng  it  is  thought  unadviaable  to 
try  to  keep  the  mill  running.  It  will  probably  take  till 
•  'ul.s  t"  k'<  t  the  developments  Hultii-luntly  ahead  to  com- 
mence Crushing  rut'k  again. 

Mimckllankuih.— At  the  Amador  gr.i\  rtl  clftlm,  hydraulic 
operation*  wen  started  last  wuck,  hut  it  WU  found  neces- 
sary Ui  shut  down,  owing  tu  the  weakness  of  the  branch 
ditch  A  force  is  at  work  repairing  and  strengthening 
tin'  water  way,  and  in  a  few  days  more  the  washing  pro- 
cess will  be  resumed.  The  Keystone  last  month  cleaned 
up  $41,000.  It  has  been  decided  '■>  liusc  :i  clean-up  twice  a 
mouth,  the  amount  of  bullion  being  too  large  to  handle 
in  one  day.  The  last  clean-up  made  was  for  a  run  of  two 
weeks,  and  yielded  over  810,000,  Independent  of  BUlphur- 
eta  A  partial  clean-up  was  made  recently  on  C.  D. 
Morne'a  gravel  claim,  at  Butte  City,  which  turned  out 
haiidMotiHdy.  The  development**  in  the  Govcr  mine,  at 
New  Chicago,  have  not  been  ho  encouraging  lately. 
Another  assessment  of  ,10  cents  per  share  has  been  levied 
upon  the  stockholders.  The  Oneida  mill  in  running  only 
20  stamps  at  present.  Tho  Consolidated  Amador  mill  is 
mill  running  on  gouge  matter  from  the  refuse  dumps.  A 
contract  for  sinking  another  10U  ft  in  the  new  shaft  has 
been  let.  The  new  shaft  near  the  Muhoney  ground  is 
making  rapid  progress  downwards.  The  new  hoisting 
machinery  late!/  purchased  in  New  York,  is  expected 
soon.  It  is  reported  in  Sutter  that  the  Wildham  mine 
has  been  sold  to  a  New  York  company. 

Plymouth  Notes. — The  Plymouth  mill  and  mine  are 
henceforward  to  be  closed  on  Sunday.  A  change  in  the 
underground  foremanship  has  taken  place.  Jackson 
Little,  an  old  miner  in  the  Phrcnix,  is  now  boss.  Timbers 
are  coming  down  the  ditch  pretty  freely  now,  and  soon 
they  will  have  a  good  stock  on  hand  again.  There  is  talk 
of  sinking  a  new  shaft  Bouth  of  the  Phccnix.  A  man 
named  Hill  is  negotiating  for  the  Empire  mine  at  Enter- 
prise; and  if  suitable  terms  can  be  agreed  upon  with  tho 
owner,  work  will  shortly  be  resumed.  Water  has  been 
struck  in  the  New  London  mine,  and  the  workings  have 
come  to  a  standstill  in  consequence,  hand  power  being  too 
slow  a  process  of  getting  rid  of  the  water. 

CALAVERAS. 

Mill  Repaired— Chronicle,  May  31:  The  five-stamp 
battery  at  the  Safe  Deposit  mine,  Old  Woman's  gulch, 
formerly  the  Hoey  &.  Sliter,  has  been  overhauled  and 
thoroughly  repaired.  The  battery  is  now  in  condition  to 
do  good  service,  and  work  will  be  pUBhed  forward  in  the 
mine  with  renewed  vigor.  The  Safe  DepOBit,  under 
the  superinteudency  of  E.  Rigney,  Esq.,  is  paying  hand- 
somely. 

New  Mill.— The  new  10-Btamp  quarts  mill  that  for 
some  time  past  has  been  in  procesB  of  construction  at  the 
Mount  Tmolus  mine,  Jesus  Maria  district,  is  completed. 
The  machinery  has  been  put  hi  motion,  and  worked  first- 
rate  for  a  first  trial. 

West  Point  Item?.—  Citizen,  May  31:  Everything  in 
the  shape  of  mining  is  looking  very  favorable.  Mr.  Thos. 
Portcoe  and  John  Roe's  quartz  mill  broke  the  machinery 
recently.  It  came  in  contact  with  a  quartz  boulder  of 
about  1,000  pounds  used  for  a  drag  that  caused  the  col- 
lapse. They  had  a  resort  and  adopted  it  immediately. 
They  went  to  work  and  cleaned  out  their  arastra  and  ob- 
tained 114  ounces  of  hard  squeezed  amalgam,  and  started 
for  the  nearest  foundry  for  repairs.  Mr.  T.  Fenncesy 
and  his  partner  have  been  cleaning  up  lately.  Their  rock 
paid  $50  per  ton. 

EL  DORADO- 

A  Good  Yield.— Mountain  Democrat,  May  31:  Super" 
intendent  Chase,  of  the  McClellan  mine,  Mud  Springs 
townBhip,  reports  a  yield  of  81,000  from  three  and  a  half 
dayB*  run  on  rock  from  the  main  shaft. 

INYO- 

Modock. — Since  making  connection  between  shaft  and 
upraise,  they  have  been  putting  connection  drift  in  shape 
for  bulkhead  and  connecting  with  pipe  to  face  of  tunnel. 
They  have  this  work  well  along,  and  will  commence  pros- 
pecting as  soon  as  this  is  finished.  Tunnel  on  1000  level 
has  been  run  60  ft,  and  is  still  in  fine  ground  either  for 
ore  or  progress.  The  showing  for  a  continuation  of  the 
ore  body  in  first  stope,  1000  level,  is  excellent.  They  have 
some  very  high-grade  ore  standing  in  this  Btope,  and  the 
prospects  for  its  again  opening  out  are  very  good.  Assays 
from  two  pieceB  from  this  point  yesterday  ran  $2,200  and 
$2,800. 

Rex  Montis.—  Messrs.  Potter  &  Ward,  of  the  Rex  Montis, 
after  their  recent  thorough  examination  and  investigation 
of  the  company  property,  have  authorized  the  resumption 
of  active  mining  and  milling  operations  on  a  large  scale. 
An  order  has  been  given  the  Black  Rock  sawmill  for  sup- 
plies of  lumber  and  timbers.  A  force  will  be  put  upon 
the  mines,  extracting  ore  and  prospecting.  The  mill  will 
be  run  on  company  or  custom  ore  continually.  In  the 
purchase  or  working  of  outside  ores,  the  most  liberal 
terms  are  offered  to  prospectors  and  miners  for  ore  of  all 
descriptions  that  will  pay  to  work.  A  lot  of  about  20 
tons  of  fine  gold  ore  has  been  already  purchased  for  the 
FiBh  Springs  mine,  which  will  be  put  through  immedi- 
ately. The  reputation  of  Supt.  Holt  and  foreman  Walker 
for  ability  and  fair  dealing  in  such  matters  will  be  suffi- 
cient to  set  many  mine  owners  at  work  getting  out  and 
shipping  ore. 

Indiana.— MeBSrs.  Boley  &  Tuttle  continue  the  work  of 
extracting  rich  ore  from  their  mine  near  Swansea.  As- 
says made  by  Mr.  Woodhull  of  the  three  samples  taken 
from  the  dump  piles  showed— No.  1,  1,595  31-100  ounces 
in  silver  per  ton;  No.  2,  770  40-100  ounces,  and  No.  3,  648 
ounces.  A  shipment  of  10'or  12  tons  of  this  class  of  ore 
to  San  Francisco  is  now  being  made. 

Mines  Opposite  Independence.— Confidence  No.  1  and 

Confidence  No.  2  are  the  property  of  tho  old  San  Carlos 

company.     A  shaft  72  ft  deep  has  been  sunk  on  No.  1. 

The  ledge  shows  a  width  of  about  three  ft,  the  pay  streak 

from  12  to  20  inches.     The  ore  is  black,  rich    looking, 

copper-stained  metal,  the  assays  averaging;  $72  per  ton  in 

silver  and  from  8%  to  10%  of  lead.     Occasional  small  kid-. 

neys  of  black  lead  ore  have  been  discovered  in  the  vein 

matter,  which  assay  as  high  as  $400  per  ton.    This  ledge 

cuts  across  the  canyon,  and  its  course  to  the  northwest  is 

plainly  defined  as  it  ascends  tho  opposite  spur  of  the 

mountain.     Confidence  No.  2,  or  the  middle  ledge,  hears 

about  the  Bame  description  as  to  size,  but  carries  much 

finer  ore;  it  is  quartz  with  black  sulphurets  of  silver. 

Assays  of  unselected  samples  resulted  in  $70  silver  and 

$8.80  in  gold  per  ton.    A  tunnel  05  ft  in  length  has  been 

run  to  tap  the  ledge  a  little  less  distance  in  depth,  and 

stopa  about  30  ft  short  of  getting  anywhere.     The  deepest 

opening  is  only  18  ft  in  rich  ore  at  the  bottom.     The 

ledge  has  been  stripped  1,200  ft,  Bhowing  a  streak  of  fine 

metal  every  few  feet  along  its  surface  course.     Running 

along  the  Bummit  of  the  hill  and  parallel  with  the  mines 

below,   is  the    Bluebird  mine,  belonging    to    the    same 

parties.     In  this  the  vein  of  ore  is  slightly  smaller,  but  tho 

gangue  and  wall  rock  appear  more  favorable  and  more 

indicative  of  a  permanent,  contact  vein.    The  ore  sampled 

and  assayed  runs  $61.     A  shaft  20  ft  deep  exposes  ore  and 

well-defined  ledge  matter  to  the  bottom.     All  these  ledges 

Btand  nearly  perpendicular,  the  ore  belts  cutting  through 

at  nearly  right  angles  ~with  the  general  formation.    On 

top,  and  so  far  as  they  have  been  opened,  these  claims 

certainly  look  well.     About  45  tons  of  ore  stacked  up  at 

the  several  dumps— the  richest  of  which  has  not  yet  been 

tested  by  assay— attests  in  itself  to  their  present  aud 

probable  future  value. 

New  Mill.  —Messrs.  Phillips  &  Woolsey  have  purchased 


battery,  Ste.,  from  the  old  Corvantes  mill  at  Lone  Pine, 
and  have  the  same  now  on  the  ground  at  Crysopohs,  for 
use  in  the  OtNUtrUoUotl  of  a  five-stamp  gold  and  silver 
mill,  Butt)  a  ooooara  has  come  to  be  ajnecessity  for 
that  side  of  the  river,  and  mine  owners  in  Union  dintrict 
will  not  he  Blow  to  avail  themselves  of  its  advantages. 
Besides  the  mines  being  ojH-i^d  by  .Meiers.  P.  A:  W..  the 
i. ,111.1  ..I  Hopper,  Curlier,  Deiisuioru  and  many  others. 
\iilt  contribute  their  quota  of  rich  ore  to  keep  the  mill 
producing  bullion. 

MONO 

PitACU UmOffl.'  -V'lo.  May  27:  The  "salted"  pboel 
mini  i  ■-'ill  hold  out,  as  evidenced  by  the  work  being  done 
on  Green  street,  above  Wood,  Jin,  Land  DU  b  id  tlic 
iiiider-pinniiig  of  his  house  shoveled  away  by  miners,  and 
is  now  up  in  the  air  on  stilts,  so    to    speak.     The    old- 

[uhioned  rocker,  planted  directly  in  the  middle  of  the 

road,  with  an  industrious  miner  oiistnutty  at  work  rock- 
ini*  away,  ul  the  old  days  of '4ft.     The  men  at 

work,  both  ui  sluicing  and  ivt  the  rocker,   arc  doing  well; 

in  fact  making  upwards  ol  --"■  perdaj  to  the  man.    There 

in  plenty  <>(  gold  left  in  the  gravel  which  covers  Silver 
Hill,  and  more  room  left  for  men  who  wimIi  to  work. 

I.i «  t\V  Jim,— This  In  the  name  of  a  new  discovery  made 
on  the  cast  slope  of  Bodie  bluff,  which  promises  to  exceed 
in  richness  anything  yet  found  in  the  district  Lucky 
Jim,  while  strolling  over  the  hills,  cntno  upon  a  formation 
which  he  judged  sufficiently  encouraging  in  appearance  to 
warrant  e  little  outlay  id  niuscle;  he  went  to  work  on  it 
and  now  has  a  shaft  85  ft  deep.  It  \n  located  1,000  ft 
northeast  from  the  Dudley  mine,  and  from  the  distance 
followed  down  shows  fine  gold  interspersed  throughout  the 
rock.  At  the  bottom  of  the  shaft  a  vein  two  and  one-half 
ft  in  width  has  been  uncovered,  and  the  indications  are 
that  it  will  widen  as  depth  is  attained.  The  prospect  for 
a  mine  in  this  locality  is  exceedingly  encouraging,  and 
adds  another  proof  to  tho  theory  of  the  eastward  trend  of 
the  ore  channel  on  Bodie  bluff. 

Red  Cloi'D.— East  crosscut  on  the  400  level  is  in  312  ft 
from  shaft;  progress  during  the  week,  30  It.  Arc  running 
for  Westchester  ledge,  which  is  tho  extension  of  tho  Defi- 
ance. Cut  the  ledge  in  the  shaft  at  250  ft,  and  obtained 
assays  varying  from  $20  to  $43.  In  30  days,  developments 
of  worth  and  interest  may  be  looked  for  in  this  mine. 

Maryland  Con.— Work  is  still  being  carried  on  vigor- 
ously at  this  mine,  and  with  most  encouraging  results. 
Tho  vein  being  followed  down,  is  now  two  and  a  half  ft 
wide  of  good  ore,  with  every  indication  of  improving  in 
quality  and  quantity  as  distance  is  attained. 

Richer,— Shaft  down  250  ft.  Have  gained  a  distance  of 
100  ft  in  tho  north  drift,  and  find  good  ore  in  fissure,  com- 
ing in  in  strcukB  of  from  five  to  ten  inches  in  width,  and 
bearing  every  appearance  of  soon  consolidating  into  a  fine 
ore  body.  About  the  15th  of  June  the  main  shaft  will  be 
down  to  tho  300  level,  when  important  developments  may 
be  looked  for. 

Standard  Con.—  Standard,  May  29:  The  north  drift 
from  the  east  crosscut,  385  level,  main  shaft,  has  been  ad- 
vanced 1C  ft;  total  length,  210  ft.  The  ledge  is  15  ft  wide, 
of  very  fine  ore.  The  upraise  on  this  ledge  is  up  90  ft; 
progress,  15  ft.  The  ledge  here  is  four  and  one-half  ft 
wide,  of  good  ore.  The  winze  on  the  Cook  ledge  has  been 
sunk  13  ft  during  the  week;  total  depth,  67  ft.  The  ledge 
in  the  bottom  is  two  ft  wide,  of  good  ore.  The  nest  cross- 
cut, 700  level,  is  in  155  ft;  progress,  15  ft.  There  has  been 
no  change  to  note  in  the  character  of  the  formation  passed 
through.  The  rock  is  Btill  very  hard.  The  south  drift  on 
the  Gildea  ledge  has  been  extended  17  ft;  total  length, 
170  ft.  The  ledge  is  three  ft  wide,  aud  looks  well.  The 
8topcs  are  all  looking  very  well.  In  the  West  Standard, 
the  ledge  is  12  ft  wide,  of  very  rich  ore.  Some  ore  has 
been  stoped  from  the  Gildea.  The  ledge  is  three  and  one- 
half  ft  wide,  of  very  fair  milling  ore.  In  the  stopes,  550 
level,  south  drift,  the  ledge  averages  five  ft  wide,  of  good 
ore.  In  the  south  drift,  300  level,  the  ledge  is  three  ft 
wide.  In  the  north  drift,  200  level,  the  ledge,  where  stop- 
ing  is  being  done,  iB  four  ft  wide,  of  good  ore.  The  ledge 
in  the  stopes,  north  drift  from  main  shaft,  is  four  ft  wide, 
and  looks  well. 

Bodie.—  The  main  east  crosscut,  second  level,  is  in  17C 
ft.  The  west  crosscut,  on  the  same  level,  is  in  07  ft.  The 
west  crosscut,  third  level,  is  in  177  ft.  West  crosscut, 
same  level,  59  ft.  Drift  No.  1  north,  third  level,  is  in  189 
ft.  Drift  No.  2  north,  same  level,  09  ft.  Drift  No.  2 
south,  same  level,  47  ft.  The  two  last  drifts  are  on  the 
new  vein.  Winzes  are  going  down  on  this  vein  in  both 
the  north  andBOuth  drifts.  An  upraise  is  also  being  made 
on  this  vein,  which  is  now  about  50  ft  above  tho  drift. 
The  first  level  in  the  Bodie  mine  is  200  ft  from  the  surface 
in  the  new  Bhaft;  the  second  level|is  306  ft;  and  the  fourth 
433  ft. 


NEVADA. 

The  Providence  Mine—  Transcript,  June  1:  The  pros- 
pects of  the  Providence  mine,  in  this  district,  are  gradu- 
ally improving.  New  ore  bodies  are  being  opened  by  the 
development  of  an  additional  Beries  of  veins  that  run  in 
the  fissure,  which  is  over  150  ft  wide.  It  has  two  incline 
shafts,  which  have  reached  a  depth  of  1,200  ft.  There  are 
thousands  of  ft  of  ground  opened  up,  and  vast  quantities 
of  ore  in  readiness  to  bo  transported  to  the  mill.  There 
are  stopes  on  the  600,  800  and  000  levels,  from  a  Bingle 
one  of  which  six  men  could  take  out  enough  rock  regu- 
larly to  keep  the  present  milling  capacity  of  the  company 
in  operation  for  years.  The  600  and  800  levels  are  nearly 
2  000  ft  long,  showing  pay  ore  the  entire  length. 

Talbot's  Gravel  Claim.— Talbot's  blue  gravel  claim,  at 
the  head  of  Gold  Flat,  is  looking  well.  The  channel  has 
been  prospected  for  a  distance  of  200  ft  on  the  line,  and  ib 
opened  up  for  about  600  ft.  Lately  some  rich  nuggets  of 
gold  were  found  on  the  bedrock.  The  lead  varies  from 
six  to  ten  ft  in  thickness.  It  underlies  all  former  work- 
ings, and  was  discovered  at  a  comparatively  recent  date. 
El  Capitan  Mine.— Work  on  the  El  Capitan  mine  has 
been  progressing  favorably.  The  incline  is  down  42  ft, 
and  water  has  been  struck,  which  will  delay  further  sink- 
ing until  machinery  can  be  erected.  In  the  meantime, 
the  workingmen  will  be  kept  busy  taking  out  ore. 

Other  Notbb.  —Foothill  Tidings,  May  31 :  Rube 
Thomas  continues  to  run  his  hydraulic  claims  on  the 
"Slide"  day  and  nierht,  the  late  rains  having  kept  up  the 
water  supply  better  than  he  hoped  for.  Splendid  rock  is 
continually  coming  from  the  Knight  of  Malta  mine.  It 
took  two  days  to  repair  a  break  in  the  main  ditch  of  the 
South  Yuba  canal  company  which  occurred  recently  near 
Bear  Valley.  C.  Hersh,  a  prominent  mining  expert  of 
San  Francisco,  has  been  viewing  some  of  the  leading 
mines  in  Nevada  and  Placer  counties  in  the  interests  of 
San  Francisco  capitalists.  He  is  more  than  satisfied  with 
the  outlook.  The  Blue  Tent  company  and  Sailor  Flat  hy- 
draulic claims  at  Blue  Tent  are  having  an  unusually  profit- 
able season.  D.  T.  Hughes,  Superintendent  of  the 
former,  says  that  water  ia  plentiful  and  the  supply  will 
last  for  some  time  yet.  Moore's  Flat  is  quite  dull  at  the 
present  time,  as  there  are  only  two  mines  being  worked. 
The  Boston  company  is  the  only  one  running  which  em- 
ploys white  labor.  About  50  men  are  kept  at  work  in  this 
claim.  The  other  mine  being  worked  is  the  Chinese  claim. 
A  large  cave  which  occurred  in  the  south  side  of  the  bank 
at  the  Mauzanita  mine  last  week,  will  save  the  company 
$1  000  worth  of  blasting  and  hydraulicing.  M.  Garver, 
Esq.,  for  some  time  past  Superintendent  of  the  Murchie 
mine,  has  resigned  his  position,  said  resignation  to  take 
effect  June  lat. 

PLACER. 

New  Mink  and  Mill.  —Herald,  May  31:  Messrs.  Stewart 
and  Low,  last  summer,  commenced  running  a  prospect 
tunnel  into  a  gravel  hill  a  little  over  two  miles  below 
Auburn.  They  would  occasionally  leave  their  tunnel  and 
prospect  more  or  less  on  the  quartz  veins  in  the  same  vi- 
cinity. In  this  way  they  discovered  several  quartz  ledges 
that  prospected  well,  and  on  one  in  particular,  the  indica- 
tions were  so  flattering  that  they  were  eucouvaged  to  take 
active  Bteps  for  its  development.  They  sunk  on  the  ledge 
some  depth,  and  still  finding  the  rock  rich,  they  went  to 
work  to  erect  a  five-atamp  mill.  This  mill  was  recently 
completed  and  is  now  in  operation,  and  from  the  best  in- 
formation obtainable,  the  rock  they  are  running  through 
ib  very  rich.  In  addition  to  their  quartz  mine,  they  still 
keep  at  work  on  their  tunnel,  and  have  just  reached  the 
rim  of  the  channel. 


More  Enterprise.—  E.W.  Roberts,  some  years  ago  Super- 
intendent of  the  old  Auburn  quartz  mine,  on  Rock  creek, 
has  returned  to  that  district  and  commenced  active  opcra- 
UOOB,  He  has  taken  hold  of  the  mine  heretofore  operated 
DJ  Iliuiiiii  and  Moliu,  on  Rock  creek,  and  has  also  put 
men  to  work  cleaning  out  the  shaft  on  the  old  Crandall 
mine,  on  Duncan  lull,  h>r  the  purpose  of  enabling  a  better 
examination  of  thi  ledge,  with  the  view  of  bonding  or  bay- 
ing it. 

SIERRA. 
North   Fori,— JTottnfcrin    tfetsmger,  May   81:    This 

claim  is  now  paying  considerably  over  expenses,  and  Is 
about  clear  of  debt.     The  owners  deserve  much  credit  for 

the  tireless  penevannoa  with  which  they  have  brought 

out  ibis  mine;  and  it  now  bids  fair  to  soon  become  one  of 
the  most  remunerative  In  this  section  of  the  country. 
Pn-eiit  indications  arc  that  tho  quartz  lodge  may  soon 
yield  rich  ore.  A  new  air  shaft  is  being  constructed. 
\\  ark  is  -id!  suspended  in  the  South,  but  may  bo  resumed 

in  mimmer. 
Bald  Mountain  Bxntwaioir.— Watson  Bavlca  is  now  in 

nearly  800  ft  with  the  air-lino  tunnel  and  tho  bedrock  Is 
■  -"'i  ili:ii  'i  -Mil  lie  d-il;  broken  and  pulled  down  with 
Ilttlo  effort.  It  Is  believed  that  but  little  or  no  hard  rock 
will  be  encountered  in  the  progress  of  this  risky  but 
promising  financial  venture.  Thus  far  over  $0,000  hos 
been  expended  on  the  tunnel.  Only  200  ft  remain  to 
effect  the  completion  of  the  present  contract. 

Kkxton.— The  prospects  of  the  Kenton  quartz  mine  are 
daily  improving.  An  extensive  body  of  rich  ore  is  de- 
veloped and  ready  for  extraction.  It  is  safe  to  say  that 
over  1,000  tons  is  now  in  Bight  in  the  mine.  The  taking 
out  and  crushing  has  now  been  going  on  for  several  weeks, 
and  with  highly  favorable  results.  There  is  sufficient 
water  to  run  all  the  machinery,  and  the  expense  is  con- 
sequently light.  About  20  skilled  miners  are  now  em- 
ployed ut  the  Kenton,  besides  a  considerable  force  of  other 
workmen. 

TUOLUMNE. 

Grovklaxd.—  Cor.  Independent,  May  31 :  The  "Spring 
mine"  is  still  on  the  improve.  The  owners  have  now 
drifted  into  tho  hill  from  the  ravine,  whore  Barnes'  spring 
is  situated,  about  30  ft,  and  are  now  about  20  ft  below  the 
surface  of  the  ground  at  the  end  of  the  drift,  where  they 
have  mode  a  crosscut  to  ascertain  the  width  of  the  vein, 
which  proves  to  be  10  ft  and  is  composed  of  alternate 
layers  of  partially  decomposed  yellowish  looking  quartz 
and  gold-bearing  talc  slate,  dipping  at  an  angle  of  about 
45  degrees  to  the  north.  There  are  no  cropping*  at  the 
surface  to  indicate  tho  presence  of  the  vein.  The  ravine 
below  tho  mine  had  been  very  rich,  and  at  an  early  day 
had  been  thoroughly  mined  up  to  the  point  where  the  voih 
crosses  it,  but  very  little  attention  had  ever  been  paid  to 
the  vein  itself,  although  there  had  been  two  or  three 
little  holes  dug  in  it  a  few  feet  deep;  but  nothing  seems 
to  have  been  found  to  encourage  farther  exploration  at 
that  time,  and  piobably  would  not  for  many  years  to 
come,  had  not  some  strangers  happened  to  drift  into  the 
village,  having  a  prospect  of  permanent  work  at  the 
Mount  Jefferson  mine  or  mill.  But  tho  mill  where  they 
were  employed  having  stopped  for  want  of  rock,  two  of 
the  millmen,  after  trying  several  other  places  without  any 
very  marked  success,  had  this  place  pointed  out  to  them, 
and  finding  a  small  prospect  which  they  thought  would 
justify  further  research,  they  located  a  claim  1,500  ft  in 
length,  and  commenced  in  a  moderate  way  to  sink  and 
drift  upon  tho  vein;  as  they  went  down,  or  further  into 
the  hill,  the  rock  seemed  to  improve,  until  they  began  to 
think  it  worth  while  to  try' some  of  it  in  the  mill;  failing 
to  get  the  use  of  the  mill  they  suspended  operationB  for 
awhile.  Work  has  been  recommenced,  they  have  taken 
out  more  rock,  and  finally  got  the  use  of  the  mil)  and  put 
through  about  12  tons;  which  turned  out  rather  above 
their  expectations.  They  have  been  at  work  over  Binco 
developing  the  mine  and  taking  out  rock,  and  now  have 
quite  a  large  pile  upon  the  dump  ready  for  the  mill. 
Samples  from  different  parts  of  the  mine  and  the  dump 
were  assayed,  in  every  instance  splendid  results  being 
obtained,  ranging  from  $20  per  ton  way  up  into  the 
thousands;  and  this  rock  was  taken  from  different  placeB, 
the  whole  width  of  the  vein,  not  less  than  10  ft  wide. 

NEVADA. 
WASHOE  DISTRICT. 

Union  Con.—  Gold  Hill  News,  June  4:  The  joint  Mexi- 
can incline  winze  from  the  1000  level  has  connected  with 
the  joint  upraise  from  the  2000  level  to  meet  it,  and  great- 
ly increased  ventilation  on  both  these  levelB  is  the  result. 
The  main  north  drift,  2000  level,  is  making  about  six  feet 
per  day  through  hard  porphyry;  total  length,  376  ft. 

Bblcher. — The  drift  east  from  the  2760  station  is  in  50 
ft,  and  in  very  favorable  looking  ground.  Sinking  in  the 
incline  has  been  resumed  and  it  is  uow  40  ft  below  the 
2760  level.  The  crosscut,  2560  level,  430  ft  south  of  the 
incline,  is  in  60  ft,  its  face  in  a  good-looking  formation  of 
quartz  and  porphyry. 

Con.  Virginia. — The  west  drift,  850  level,  ia  now  in  250 
ft,  and  continues  in  hard,  blasting  porphyry.  The  south 
drift,  1500  level,  running  west  of  the  old  Btopes,  ia  in  68 
ft  from  cros8Cut  No.  2.  Crosscut  No.  1,  1850  level,  joint 
with  California,  is  being  advanced  as  usual  through  low 
grade  quartz,  ventilation  having  been  greatly  improved 
by  a  fan  set  up  for  the  purpose, 

Alta.  —The  drifts  north  and  south  on  the  1750  level  are 
progressing  favorably,  that  south  into  Alta  ground  being 
in  50  ft  and  that  north  into  Benton  40  ft.  Drifting  north 
on  the  1450  and  1550  levels,  both  workings  being  iu  quartz. 

Sierra  Nevada. — The  ore  Btopes  on  the  2200  level  con- 
tinue to  loo"k  well  and  are  yielding  their  65  tons  per  day 
of  good  ore.  The  flow  of  water  still  averages  125,000 
gallons  per  day. 

Sutro  Tunnel. — Work  is  proceeding  as  usual.  The  sub- 
drain  will  be  completed  about  the  middle  of  July.  -  Mr. 
Sutro  declares,  however,  that  this  need  make  no  differ- 
ence with  the  mines,  as  he  has  contracted  to  take  their 
water. 

Julia  Con.— The  temperature  of  the  1800  and  2000  levels 
have  been  lowered  considerably  Bince  the  connection  be- 
tween the  Hale  &  Norcross  and  the  Julia  branch  of  the 
Sutro  tunnel.  As  a  consequence,  repairs  to  the  workings 
on  the  2000  level  are  progressing  more  favorably. 

California.— The  joint  Con.  drift  west,  860  level,  is 
averaging  four  and  a  half  ft  per  day  through  hard  por- 
phyry. The  north  drift,  1950  level,  from  No.  3  winze,  is 
in  30  ft.     Sinking  has  been  resumed  at  the  C.  &  C.  shaft. 

Savage. — The  pipe  which  is  to  convey  the  water  of  the 
mine  to  the  Sutro  tunnel  iB  being  sunk  and  covered  to 
avoid  the  heat.    The  water  is  about  at  a  standstill. 

Mexican. — Connection  has  been  made  between  the  joint 
Union  winze  from  the  1600  level  and  the  upraise  from  the 
2000  level,  and  the  ventilation  on  these  levels  has  greatly 
improved  in  consequence. 

Ward.  -The  shaft  has  attained  a  depth  of  1,473  ft,  the 
bottom  in  good  sinking  ground,  which,  however,  carries 
considerable  water.     East  crosscut,  800  level,  is  in  620  ft. 

North  Bonanza  &  Flowery.— The  incline  has  reached 
the  400  level.  On  the  200  level  the  north  drift  has  been 
carried  under  the  Rule  winze,  and  an  upraise  is  to  be 
made  from  this  level  to  connect  with  it.  Two  crosscuts 
have  been  run,  and  will  be  pushed  forward  as  soon  as 
that  in  Flowery  gets  into  the  vein  proper. 

Justice.— On  the  1550  level  the  main  lateral  drift  south 
and  the  west  crosscut  are  encountering  quartz  giving  in- 
creased assays  as  those  workings  approach  the  formation 
under  the  developments  of  the  1300  level.  The  workings 
from  the  new  Waller  Defeat  shaft  turn  out  from  55  to  60 

tons  of  ore  per  day,  of  which  the  greater  portion  is  of 
high  grade. 
Con.  Imperial.— The  north  drift,  2600  level,  is  averaging 

six  ft  per  day  toward  the  point  where  the  joint  AJpha 

winze  from  the  2400  level  will  intersect  it;  total  length, 

256  ft,  the  face  in  quartz  and  porphyry. 

Ophir.— The  incline  is  80  ft  on  the  slope  below  the  2300 

station.     The  face  is  in  a  favorable-looking  formation  con- 
taining stringers  of  quartz.     The  east  drift,  2300  level, 

:a  in  70  ft  and  is  passing  through  vein  porphyry. 
Trojan.— The  northeast  drift  on  the  third  level  is  in 


Continued  on  pagr©  372. 


366 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS 


[June  7,  1879, 


On  Certain  Much-Abused  Mollusks. 

[By  Robert  E.  C.  Stearns.]  „ 

In  Victor  Hugo's  very  popular  novel,  "Les 
Travailleurs  de  la  Mer,"  the  domain  of  nature 
being  either  stale  or  insufficient,  the  enterpris- 
ing author  manufactured  a  new  species,  a  mon- 
strosity, which  he  invested  with  characters  be- 
longing to  widely  separate  forms  of  ani- 
mal structure.  If  ahibernicism  is  permissible, 
it  may  be  said  that  he  describes  a  nondescript, 
mixing  in  an  incongruous  jumble  unrelated 
peculiarities  of  different  divisions  of  the  ani- 
mal kingdom. 

The  average  novel  reader  whose  appetite  is 
aroused  by  the  motion  or  activity  of  the  narra- 
tive, and  whose  interest  is  retained  by  the 
momentum  as  well  as  by  the  glamour  of  Hugo's 
percussive  and  explosive  verbal  pyrotechny,  it 
may  bo  presumed  is  not  sufficiently  well  in- 
formed in  such  matters  either  to  notice,  or  be 
offended  by,  such  trivial  crimes  against  nature. 

Hugo  connected  his  invention  with  the  cut- 
tlefishes by  calling  it  "la  pieuvre,"  which  is  the 
provincial  or  local  name  among  the  fishermen 
of  the  Channel  Islands  for  the  eight-footed  cut- 
tles (Octopoda)  of  the  region,  the  "Poulpe"  of 
French  authors.     Herein  lies  his  offense. 

As,  soon  after  the  appearance  of  this  book, 
Mr.  H,  Crosse,  one  of  the  intelligent  and  able 
editors  of  the  Journal  de  Conchy liologie  (April, 
1866),  under  the  title  of  (,Un  Mollusque  Men 
maltraite,"*  pointed  out  Hugo's  numerous  ab- 
surdities and  special  inaccuracies,  there  is  no 
necessity  for  indicating  them  again;  but  as  we 
have  to  notice  other  sins  of  a  similar  nature,  if 
less  heinous,  by  other  sinners,  it  may  be  well 
to  quote  in  part  the  concluding  portion,  of  Mr. 
Crosse's  justifiable  and  pertinent  criticism: 

"It  is  *  *  *  the  duty  of  those  who  have  *  *  * 
devoted  their  lives  to  the  study  of  science  to 
point  out  and  rectify  such  gross  errors,  much 
more  dangerous  when  they  emanate  from  so 
eminent  a  writer  as  M.  Victor  Hugo  than  if 
they  came  from  an  obscure  author.  We  must 
add  that,  though  this  unlucky  chapter  is  full  of 
*very  kind  of  enormity  and  of  facts  absolutely 
false  as  to  science,  the  paper  of  Paris  which  has 
the  largest  circulation,  although  not  the  most 
intelligent,  has  especially  selected  it  as  a  speci- 
men of  the  work,  and  transcribed  it  at  full 
length  with  the  most  fulsome  eulogies. " 

M.  Crosse,  in  closing,  ironically  adds : 

"We  see  thereby  that  the  instruction  of  the 
masses  in  the  natural  sciences  is  in  good  hands 
and  well  directed.  M.  Michelet,  also  a  con- 
fused litterateur  in  regard  to  science,  had  al- 
ready drawn  quite  an  amusing  and  fanciful  por- 
trait of  the  Poulpe;  but  after  that  sketched  by 
Victor  Hugo  nothing  more  can  be  added.  It  is 
easy  enough  to  make  it  more  accurate;  but  to 
frame  it  more  fantastically  would  be  almost  an 
impossibility. n 

In  the  Popular  Science  Monthly  for  January 
of  the  current  year  (p.  345),  we  have  a  paper 
on  "The  Devil-fish  and  its  Relatives,"  a  chap- 
ter from  a  bookf  in  press  at  the  time,  in  which 
Hugo's  sensational  name  is  adopted,  and  either 
for  padding  or  piquancy,  perhaps  both,  a  part 
of  his  "terribly  vivid  description"  is  quoted. 
The  writer  adds,  as  a  mild  qualification, 
"Though  incorrect  inseveralscientificdetails,  the 
description  is  the  best  we  have  had,  though  Jules 
V  erne's  is  almost  as  dramatic  and  nearer  to  Na- 
ture." 

The  title,  and  the  foregoing  extract,  brief 
though  it  be,  is  sufficient  to  indicate  to  the 
scientific  student  or  intelligent  reader  the  qual- 
ity of  the  article  and  the  probable  character  of 
the  book.  If  Verne's  "general  description"  had 
been  a  little  more  dramatic  and  a  little  further 
from  Nature,  we  may  assume  that  the  author 
would  have  quoted  him  instead  of  Hugo  !  On 
a  succeeding  page  (347)  we  are  presented  with  a 
sensational  picture,  "Fig.  2.  The  Giant  Squid," 
in  the  great  double  and  daring  act  as  the  circus 
folk  would  express  it,  of  clasping  a  square- 
ended  skiff  or  boat,  while  at  the  same  time  this 
devilish  fishy  "Giant  Squid, "  not  satisfied  with 
stealing  the  man's  boat,  is  actually  "going  for" 
the  man  himself,  and  had,  up  to  the  last  time 
that  we  look  at  the  picture,  already  wound  or 
twisted  three  arms  around  the  man's  two  legs. 
Such  deliberately  cruel  conduct  on  the  part  of 
this  "Giant  Squid"  indicates  that  "The  Devil- 
fish and  its  Relatives"  are  cold-blooded  animals, 
a  fact  of  physiological  importance;  so  inferen- 
tially  we  get  an  occasional  chunk  of  knowledge 
to  pay  us  for  the  time  expended.  We  left  the 
poor  man  (perhaps  a  legal  voter)  in  a  precarious 
situation,  probably  getting  ready  to  "be  drunk 
alive. "  The  picture  indicates  that  drunkenness 
in  some  of  its  forms  was  prevalent  at  the  time 
it  was  made,  for  the  proportions  of  this  particu- 
larly malicious  "devil-fish"  are  not  those  of  any 
known  species,  while  to  point  the  tail  (if  not 
the  moral)  the  conventional  devil's  tail  of  the 
"old  masters"  is  grafted  on  or  in  this  unique 
form,  in  a  way  to  produce  a  startling  effect  on 
weak  nerves. 

WiU  the  author  please  inform  us  what  particu- 
lar species  of  cuttlefish  is  represented  in  the  fig- 
ure ?,  It  is  undoubtedly  a  new  form  I  The  dis- 
proportionately small  size  of  the  fins  (or  tail),  the 
peculiar  form  of  the  same  and  mode  of  attach- 
ment, prove  this  to  be  a  new,  distinct,  and  rare 
species.  Is  it  an  octopod  or  a  decapod  ?  Though 
called  a  "squid,"  which  would  warrant  the  as- 

*A  translation  may  bo  found  in  the  American  Jour- 
nal  of  Conchology,  Vol.  II.,  pp.  294,  296. 

fFrom  "Ocean  Wonders,"  in  the  preys  of  D.  Apploton 
*  Co.  FP 


sumption  that  it  has  ten  arms,  only  seven  are 
visible;  however,  the  rest  may  be  in  the  Becond 
cabin  !  As  no  one  has  ever  Been  a  cephaloped 
built  on  such  a  model,  with  the  posterior  por- 
tion of  the  body  tapering  and  attenuated  to  a 
point,  with  a  heart-shaped  tail  stuck  on  it,  sug- 
gesting a  whaler's  bomb-lance,  we  are  forced  to 
the  conclusion  that  Mr.  Damon  has  discovered 
a  new  species,  which  he  had  better  describe,  ere 
the  man  in  the  skiff  "is  drunk  alive."  Before 
this,  however,  he  should  copyright  the  picture, 
and  get  a  patent  for  the  tail !  On  page  349  we 
are  informed  that  "According  to  Scientific 
classification,  the  octopus  belongs  to  the 
division  of  soft-bodied  Mollusca,  and  the  class 
of  Ceplialopoda — meaning  'feet  proceeding  from 
the  head.' "  Is  there  a  division  of  hard-bodied 
mollusca,  and  do  the  decapods  belong  to  it? 
Again,  we  are  iuformed,  "Of  the  Octopoda  fam- 
ily is  the  small  paper  nautilus  or  argonaut. 
How  few  of  our  readers  who  have  admired  this 
beautiful  shell,  with  its  mother-of-pearl  lining" 
(italics  are  ours),  "have  realized  that  its  former 
inhabitant  was  ov  n  cousin  to  the  horrible  devil- 
fish." Oh,  my  !  there  he  goes  again,  and  "poor 
but  respectable"  Mrs.  Argonaut  is  defamed  and 
charged  indirectly  with  being  a  relative  to, 
if  not  particeps  criminis  with,  that  apochryphal 
devil-fish  of  Hugo's.  The  mother-of-pearl  lin- 
ing in  an  argonaut  shell  is  something  new. 
Mr.  Damon  has  invented  another  species,  or 
else  he  is  ignorant  of  what  he  has  written 
about.  Produce  your  pearly-lined  argonaut, 
and  the  dealers  and  conchological  dilletanti  of 
Europe  and  America  will  purchase  all  your 
specimens  at  fancy  prices. 

Tryon,  at  the  close  of  his  general  remarks  on 
the  Cephalopoda,  in  his  Manual  of  Conchology, 
referring  to  this  paper,  misquotes  the  title,  but 
says,  "Those  who  prefer  modern  marvels  will 
find  in  it  a  choice  assortment." 

If  such  be  popular  science,  the  less  of  it  the 
better. 

In  Harper's  Magazine  for  February,  we  have 
a  profusely  illustrated  article,  entitled,  "The 
Treasures  of  the  Deep, "  in  which  the  artist  has 
done  grievous  wrong  to  certain  helpless  mol- 
lusks by  making  several  right-handed  or  dex- 
tral  forms,  left-handed  or  sinistral,  as  may  be 
seen  by  turning  to  page  329,  the  upper  group, 
which  includes  what  the  author  calls  "Venus' 
Comb"  (Murex  tenuispina  of  Lamarck);  the 
second  form  covered  with  tubercles  known  to  nat- 
uralists as  Murex  hausteltum  of  Linnseus;  also 
,the  cone-shell  C.  nobilis,  the  top-shell  Trochus 
niloticus,  and  the  shuttle-shell  Ovula  [Volva) 
volva,  (not  Ovalum  valva,  as  printed),  are  all 
thus  misrepresented. 

While  certain  species  of  Mollusca — marine, 
fluviatile  and  terrestrial — are  sinistral,  the 
great  majority  are  dextral  or  right-handed.  A 
few  species  in  each  of  the  three  divisions  are 
both  dextral  and  sinistral,  but  the  forms  re- 
ferred to  above  are  always  dextral. 

As  the  author,  on  page  331,  compliments 
'  'the  accomplished  artists  who  engraved  these 
shells  and  the  cut  of  the  nautilus, "  (more  prop- 
erly Argonaut),  we  may  infer  that  the  draughts- 
man is  to  blame  for  these  perversions. 

Ianthina  communis,  the  violet  snail,  appears 
as  lanthana,  and  the  author's  idea  of  nacre  is 
not  quite  lucent,  when  he  tells  us  the  spindle- 
shell  is  "pearly  white,"  and  so  one  gets  bit  by 
bit,  a  scrap  of  information,  until  finally  the 
scrap  is  reduced  to  a  crumb,  and  the  last  crumb 
which  we  will  refer  to  is  that  "Spondylus  regiusis 
probably  the  rarest  shell  in  the  sea,"  and  Dr. 
Chenu's  old  story  about  the  learned  professor 
who  sold  his  "wife's  jewelry  and  silver  spoons 
to  purchase  one  of  these  rare  specimens,"  is 
resurrected,  et  cetera,  to  point  a  moral  or  to 
give,  as  in  a  previous  case,  piquancy  and  pad- 
ding to  the  prosy  text. 

Without  guessing  at  the  weight  of  the  paper, 
we  may  pass  on  with  the  remark,  that  it  is  es- 
sentially light  reading;  from  pearls  to  ivory  may 
do,  but  from  Cleopatra  to  Walrusses  we  fear 
will  be  regarded  by  readers  of  classical  procliv- 
ities, as  a  new  form  of  that  old  "  step  from  the 
sublime  to  the  ridiculous. "  Mark  Antony,  Esq. , 
being  deceased,  it  is  probable  his  feelings  will 
not  be  hurt ;  were  he  around  as  formerly,  he 
would  certainly  make  it  lively  for  the  author. 
Headers  of  another  class  will  probably  detect  a 
slight  top-dressing  of  diluted  popular  science. 

In  pursuance  of  the  practical  advice  given 
elsewhere  to  Mr.  Damon  in  relation  to  his 
pearly  argonaut,  we  would,  suggest  that  the 
creator  of  the  sinistral  monstrosities,  figured  in 
Harper's,  should  at  once  dispose  of  his  precious 
specimens  to  the  museums,  where  the  curious, 
whether  scientific  or  otherwise,  may  see  them. 
They  would  command  high  prices,  being  m> 
doubtedly  unique. 

From  the  monthlies  to  Webster's  big  diction- 
ary* may  be  regarded  as  passing  from  gay  to 
grave,  from  lively  to  severe. 

Next  to  the  Bible  and  Koran,  mighty  in  all 
its  massy  corpulence  and  ponderous  dignity, 
comes  the  big  dictionary  !  The  solemnity  of 
its  physiognomy  is  awful !  In  some  portions  of 
even  Christian  countries,  where  the  Bible — 
alas  1  —is  little  used,  or  only  a  small-sized  edi- 
tion is  accessible,  witnesses  are  sworn  upon  this 
portly  tome.  Next  in  potency  to  a  rooster  to 
force  the  unwilling  Mongolian  to  the  truth, 
comes  the  big  dictionary,  with  the  mysterious 
power  of  its  accumulated  and  concentrated  wis- 
dom. 

Within  the  covers  of  this  awe-inspiring  vol- 
ume we  might  expect  to  find  ample,  unabridged, 
and  impartial  justice.  No  I  Even  here  certain 
defenseless  mollusks  are  the  victims  of  pictorial 
infelicities  and  left-handed  compliments. 

* '"Webster's  Unabridged  Pictorial  Dictionary,  1876, 


TheCephatopods,  so  cruelly  used  by  the  others, 
are  again  badly  treated.  The  definition  of  the 
word  Cephalopod  is  well  enough  so  far  as  it  goes, 
but  for  a  figure  we  are  presented  with  the  shell 
of  an  Ammonite.  Upon  consideration  of  the 
fact  that  the  Ammonites  are  an  extinct  form, 
without  a  living  representative  for  numberless 
centuries,  and  that  the  present  seas  of  the  globe 
contain  numerous  living  species  and  multitudes 
of  individuals  of  Cephalopods,*  and  that  the 
figure  given  is  wholly  irrelevant  to  the  defini- 
tion ;  and  that  while  the  Ammonites  were  or 
are  Cephalopods,  the  latter  are  by  no  means 
Ammonites  any  more  than  a  horse  is  a  mare, 
the  absurdity  of  the  foregoing  is.  at  once  ap- 
parent. While  the  Ammonite  and  the  Cuttle- 
fish are  properly  figured,  the  unfortunate  Ceph- 
alopods are  needlessly  humiliated  ! 

To  illustrate  the  family  of  Entomostomata  we 
have  two  figures,  viz.:  1.  Mcinula  horridaj  2. 
Cancillaria  reticulata.  It  will  be  noted  that  the 
generic  name  in  the  latter  is  misspelt;  it  should 
be  Cancellaria,  as  the  cancellated  sculpture  of 
the  shells  suggested  the  generic  name.  Both  of 
these  well-known  dextral  or  right-handed  shells 
are  figured  as  sinistral ;  they  are  also  presented 
apex  down.  When  the  actual  shells  are  held 
in  the  proper  position,  with  the  apex  up,  it  will 
be  seen  that  the  mouth,  as  the  opening  is  called, 
opens  on  the  right-hand  side. 

Helix  (4  Zool.),  the  snail  shell,  is  represented 
by  a  reversed  Bulimus  or  Partula.  We  should 
naturally  expect  to  find  a  typical  Helix  as  fig- 
ured by  some  of  the  old  authors,  say  H.  pomatia, 
the  snail  of  the  Roman  epicures,  or  H.  aspersa, 
also  an  edible  species,  largely  used  in  Europe 
both  in  ancient  and  modern  times. 

Melania  auHta  (see  Melanian),  a  dextral  shell, 
is  made  sinistral  in  the  wood-cut,  and  nothing 
is  said  as  to  whether  this  numerous  and  widely 
distributed  form  is  marine,  fluviatile,  or  terres- 
trial. 

For  Nautilus  we  have  a  figure  Argonauta  argo 
(shell  and  animal)  as  stated;  while  the  Argon- 
auta is  frequently  called  the  "paper  nautilus, " 
the  true  nautilus  shell  is  internally  chambered, 
as  stated  in  the  accompanying  definition,  and 
is  also  nacreous  or  pearly,  while  the  shell  of  the 
Argonaut  is  neither  chambered  nor  pearly.  The 
absurdity  of  the  figure  in  this  connection  is 
made  more  conspicuous  by  the  note  which  fol- 
lows the  definition. 

Again,  it  is  rather  curious  that  while,  under 
the  definition  of  Mollusk  there  is  given  in  the 
group  of  figures  those  of  a  recent  cephalopod,  as 
well  as  the  true  Nautilus,  animal  and  shell  (the 
latter  in  section,  so  as  to  show  the  chambers), 
also  a  Helix,  animal  and  shell — that  such  inap- 
propriate figures,  to  say  the  least,  should  have 
been  placed  against  each  of  the  above  words,  as 
before  shown.  As  to  the  definition  of  Nautilus, 
it  should  be  said  that  the  shell  is  not  spiral,  but 
involute  and  discoidal.  The  definition  of  Palu- 
dina,  though  brief,  is  well  enough;  but  the  fig- 
ure of  P.  vivipara,  as  given,  is  sinistral,  and  the 
mouth,  which  in  nature  is  simple,  round,  and 
continuous,  is  made  with  a  thickened  and  re- 
flexed  peristome. 

For  Periwinkle  we  are  furnished  with  what  is 
intended  as  a  portrait  of  Littorina  littorea,  as 
stated  in  the  definition  (1  Zool.);  a  dextral  shell 
between  tide-marks,  but  sinistral,  with  its 
mouth  on  the  wrong  side,  when  found  inside 
the  covers  or  on  the  dry  land  of  the  dictionary. 
The  large  and  showy  shell,  Triton  (Tritonium 
now),  always  dextral,  is  represented  by  T,  tri- 
tonis  in  the  reversed  figure.  The  same  figure  is 
made  to  do  a  double  duty,  like  the  chest  of 
drawers  in  Goldsmith's  "Deserted  Village." 
For  opposite  the  term  Trumpet  Shell  '  'tother 
side"  is  placed  uppermost,  and  we  arc  told  that 
it  is  "a  univalvular  shell  of  the  form  of  a  trum- 
pet, a  species  of  Buccinum."  This  definition  is 
neither  satisfactory  as  to  'the  origin  of  the  term, 
nor  in  the  statement  of  its  conchological  rela- 
tions. The  ancient  sculptors  and  artists  placed 
the  shell  in  the  hands  of  the  sea  gods,  the  Tri- 
tons, for  whom  the  shell  was  named,  +  and  who 
are  generally  represented  with  the  apex  to  their 
lips,  blowing  the  shell.  It  is  used  even  -now  by 
the  natives  of  some  of  the  Indo-Pacific  islands 
as  a  war  trumpet.  In  the  early  days  of  con- 
chology, some  of  the  old  authors  grouped  the 
general  form  with  the  Buccinklce,  but  has  long 
since  been  removed  from  that  position. 

Against  the  word  Turbinated,  we  find  a  spe- 
cies of  shell  of  the  group  Turbo,  as  an  illustra- 
tion, figured  as  sinistral;  of  course  in  this  con- 
nection it  makes  but  little  difference,  a  sinis- 
tral form  illustrating  the  definition  as  well  as  a 
dextral;  but  not  only  the  species  represented  ( T. 
Marmoratus),  but  all  of  those  to  which  it  is  related 
are  dextral  shells.  The  definition  Univalve  is 
illustrated  by  a  species  of  Triton;  the  name  at- 
tached to  it  is  "Buccinum  undatum,"  quite  a 
different  form. 

Scalaria,  always  a  dextral  shell  in  nature, 
though  sinistral  in  the  dictionary,  is  illustrated 
by  the  common  European  S.  communis.  The 
popular  name  for  the  general  form  is  Wentle- 
trap.  On  turning  to  this  word,  a  definition  of 
which  is  given,  a  poor  sinistral  figure  of  the 
large  Indo-Pacific  species,  Scalaria  pretiosa,  is 
presented  for  this  well-known  dextral  shell. 
Even  the  common  form  Strombus,  showy  marine 
shells,  some  species  of  which  are  notably  abun- 
dant, hence  frequently  met  with  in  ordinary 
collections,  and  always  dextral,  is  represented 
by  a  left-handed  figure. 

Vertigo  (2  Zool.).  Defined  as  "a  genus  of 
gasteropodous  mollusca  with  a  cylindrically  fusi- 

*The  common  squid  used  as  br:t  by  fishermen  is  abun- 
dant on  portions  of  the  coast  of  New  England ;  and  the 
large  Octopus  yunctatus,  Gabb,  is  not  "rare  in  the  fish 
markets  of  San  Francisco. 

fVide  "Woodward's  Manual." 


form  shell. "  Upon  turning  to  fusiform,  a  word 
derived  from  Jusus,  a  spindle,  we  find  the  defini- 
tion to  be  "shaped  likea  spindle,  tapering  at  each 
end."  The  definition  is  the  same  as  that  in 
conchology.  It  does  not  apply  to  the  shells  of 
Vertigo,  which  are  small,  Btumpy  pupiform 
spiral  shells,  some  species  being  sinistral,  and 
others  dextral,  with  curiously  notched  or 
twisted  mouths. 

We  will  not  at  this  time  prolong  our  inquiry 
into  the  conchological  or  malacological  integrity 
of  this,  that,  or  the  other  big  dictionary.  Painful 
though  it  may  be  to  point  out  the  weak  and  hu- 
man side  in  so  pretentious  a  ponderosity,  it  is 
more  painful  still  to  think  of  its  inhumanity  to 
those  helpless  forms,  which  have   no  Bergh  ±0 
protect  them,  and  which  are  also  lost  sight  of 
by  the  various   societies  for  the  prevention-  of 
cruelty  to  animals  !     And  here  we  will  close 
with  these  appropriate  lines  from  Cowper,  which 
might  have  been  written  for  the  occasion: 
"I  would  not  enter  on  my  list  of  friends 
(Though  graced  with  polished  manners  and  fine  sense, 
Yet  wanting  sensibility)  the  man 
Who  needlessly  sets  "foot  upon  a  worm. 
An  inadvertent  step  may  crush  the  snail 
That  crawls  at  evening  in  the  public  path; 
But  he  that  has  humanity,  forewarn'd, 
Will  tread  aside  and  let  the  reptile  live." 


Down  the  Columbia  to  the  Sea. 

The  Columbia  river  is  the  natural  outlet  for 
all  the  vast  region  drained  by  its  waters  and  is 

destined  to  be  the  principal  channel  of  com- 
merce for  the  immense  trade  which  will  come 
as  soon  as  there  is  railroad  connection  between 
the  great  river  of  the  West  and  the  Union 
Pacific  railroad.  The  great  advantage  which 
this  route  presents  in  its  freedom  from  deep 
snows  and  its  directness  through  the  center  of 
the  country  to  be  traversed  more  than  counter- 
balances all  the  disadvantages  and  difficulties 
attending  the  entrance  over  the  bar  at  the 
mouth  of  the  river.  Since  the  day  that  Capt. 
Gray  entered  the  river  with  the  ship  Columbia, 
without  a  pilot,  and  without  any  previous 
knowledge  of  the  waters  he  was  navigating, 
thousands  of  vessels  of  every  description  and 
capacity  have  crossed  the  bar  coming  in  and 
going  out  at  all  seasons  of  the  year  and  in  all 
kinds  of  weather.  That  accidents  Bhould  have 
sometimes  happened  to  vessels  is  not  surprising, 
as  the  same  thing  has  occurred  at  the  entrance 
to  every  port;  but  it  is  remarkable  that  after 
all  that  has  been  said  about  the  difficulties  and 
dangers  of  this  passage,  not  an  instance  is  on 
record  where  a  vessel  known  to  be  seaworthy 
and  entering  the  river  in  the  day  time  and  with 
a  pilot  has  suffered  any  serious  accident.  Even 
were  the  dangers  of  navigation  real  instead  of 
being  in  a  great  part  imaginary,  and  the  acci- 
dents to  vessels  tenfold  what  they  have  been, 
the  river  would  still  continue  to  be  navigated 
and  its  entrance  continue  to  be  one  of  the  prin- 
cipal harbors  on  the  Pacific  coast.  It  is  very 
well  known  that  the  loss  of  the  Great  Republic, 
which,  though  one  of  the  largest  steamers  afloat, 
had  so  often  come  in  and  gone  out  in  perfect 
safety,  was  in  no  way  owing  to  any  real  danger 
existing  on  the  bar  and  in  the  harbor,  but  solely 
to  the  carelessness  of  the  captain  and  the  pilot 
in  coming  in  after  night.  It  is  perfectly  safe  to 
say  that  with  a  proper  degree  of  prudence  and 
care  on  the  part  of  masters  of  vessels  and  pilots 
accidents  would  be  of  as  rare  occurrence  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Columbia  as  at  the  entrance  to  any 
other  port. 

The'people  of  the  Puget  Sound  country,  and 
those  of  the  upper  Columbia  basin,  are  naturally 
in  favor  of  the  route  across  the  Cascade  moun- 
tains from  Priest  Rapids  on  the  Columbia  to 
Seattle  or  some  other  point  on  the  sound.  The 
advantages  and  disadvantages  of  this  route  they 
will  have  an  opportunity  of  testing  when  the 
North  Pacific  is  completed,  as  it  is  now  pretty 
well  settled  that  that  road  will  be  built  across 
the  Cascade  mountains  to  the  sound. 

For  the  people  of  southern  Idaho  and  eastern 
Oregon  the  route  down  the  Columbia  will  be 
preferred  for  many  reasons,  while  their  interest 
in  the  other  route  to  the  sea  is  confined  to  what- 
ever of  favorable  competition  it  may  bring. — 
Idaho  Statesman. 


The  Robertson  Pkooess. — What  is  called 
the  Robertson  process  of  treating  rebellious  ore 
is  the  invention  of  John  A.  Robertson,  of  Oak- 
land, Cal.  It  is  so  simple  and  uncomplicated 
that  one  wonders  it  was  not  thought  of  before. 
The  Reno  Gazette  says  that  W.  H.  Tredway  of 
that  place  has  experimented  with  ores  from  a 
number  of  mines,  all  of  them  more  or  less  re- 
bellious, with  uniform  success.  The  cost  of 
working  ores  is  trifling  and  all  kinds  of  ore 
yield  to  the  same  treatment.  Mr.  Tredway's 
method  is  to  break  the  ore  up  into  small  pieces, 
after  which  he  roasts  it  in  an  ordinary  portable 
assay  furnace  of  iron.  When  it  is  sufficiently 
roasted,  it  is  thrown,  hot,  into  a  chemical  bath, 
made  by  dissolving  salt,  bluestone  and  syenite 
of  potassium  in  water.  The  ore  is  then  washed 
off  with  cold  water,  placed  in  a  miniature  pan 
mill,  and  ground  to  a  fine  pulp,  quicksilver  being, 
put  in  to  amalgamate  the  precious  metals. 
After  roasting,  the  ore  is  soft  and  brittle,  and 
grinds  up  easily.  The  pulp  is  then  panned  in 
an  ordinary  gold  pan,  and  the  amalgam  retorted 
in  a  simple  retort  made  especially  for  prospec- 
tor's use.  The  erection  of  a  furnace  and  treat- 
ing the  ores  with  the  chemical  bath  would  be 
all  the  changes  necessary  in  an  ordinary  stamp 
mill,  for  working  ores  by  this  process.  Reduc- 
tion works  on  the  Robertson  plan  are  in  success- 
ful operation  in  Sacramento,  with  a  capacity  for 
about  one  ton  per  hour.  — Silver  State, 


June  7,  1879.1 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


367 


The  Winnemucca  and  Oregon  Railroad 

The  projected  railroad  from  Winnemucca  to 
Oregon  is  again  attracting  attention.  Some 
four  years  ago  Congress  granted  the  right  of 
way  through  the  public  domain  to  this  enterprise, 
and  the  belief  was  general  that  work  would  be 
commenced  on  the  road  immediately.  Subse- 
quently a  corps  of  engineers,  under  the  auspices 
of  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad  Company  made 
a  preliminary  survey  of  the  route,  but  for  the 
past  two  or  three  years  nothing  has  been  made 
public  relative  to  the  matter.  It  was  predicted 
at  the  time  when  it  was  said  arrangements  were 
completed  for  the  grading  of  the  road,  that  it 
would  not  be  built  until  self-protection  com- 
pelled the  Central  Pacific  Railroad  Company  to 
do  it  to  prevent  an  opposition  road  from  being 
built  from  the  terminus  of  the  Union  Pacific 
west  through  Idaho  to  Oregon.  That  time  is 
now  at  hand.  The  Utah  Northern  railroad, 
which  connects  with  the  Union  Pacific  at 
Ogden,  is  being  pushed  rapidly,  and  there  is  a 
strong  probability  that  that  road  will  be  con- 
tinued west  through  Idaho  to  Oregon. 

The  policy  of  the  Central  Pacific  Company 
seems  to  be  to  control  all  railroads  running 
eastward  from  the  Pacific  coast,  and  to  prevent 
competition  from  the  seaboard  with  the  Union 
Pacific.  The  company  will  therefore  have  to 
build  a  branch  line  from  Winnemucca  or  some 
place  in  this  vicinity  to  the  northwest  to  pre- 
vent the  Utah  Northern,  which  is  being  built 
b/Jay  Gould,  from  continuing  that  road  west 
through  Idaho.'  Winnemucca  is  the  most 
northerly  point  touched  by  the  Central  Pacific 
road  in  central  Nevada,  and  is  therefore  the 
moat  eligible  place  for  the  intersection  of  a  road 
to  Oregon,  Besides,  there  is  a  heavily  timbered 
region  within  200  miles  of  here  on  the  line  of 
the  proposed  road,  which  of  itself  will  be  a 
great  inducement  to  build  the  road,  as  Nevada 
and  Utah  must  always  depend  on  the  Sierra 
Nevada  for  their  lumber  supply.  Reno  will 
make  a  determined  eSort  to  have  the  road  built 
north  from  that  point;  but  as  it  is  about  100 
miles  south  of  Winnemucca,  its  general  geo- 
graphical position  is  against  it,  and  unless  its 
citizens  offer  extraordinary  inducements  in  the 
way  of  subscriptions,  it  will  not  be  likely  to 
secure  the  coveted  prize. — Silver  State. 

Cajon  Pass  Coal. — There  are,  at  present, 
two  separate  companies  who  are  running  tunnels 
on  promising  veins.  The  first  is  composed  of 
Messrs.  Lawrence  &  Tay.  They  have  run  a 
tunnel  into  the  hill  on  the  east  side  of  the  road 
running  through  the  pass,  about  half  a  mile 
north  of  the  toll-house  and  some  hundred  feet 
above  the  road.  This  tunnel  has  been  driven 
about  60  feet,  following  the  dip  of  the  vein. 
This  was  about  45  degrees  at  the  surface,  but  is 
gradually  approaching  the  horizontal.  The 
hanging  wall  is  sandstone  and  the  foot  wall  clay, 
which  is  regarded  as  an  exceedingly  favorable 
indication.  Although  the  vein  was  scarcely 
more  than  a  trace  on  the  surface,  it  has  steadily 
widened  until  it  is  now  over  a  foot  thick.  -  The 
coal  is  hard  and  compact,  presents  a  shining 
fracture,  and  seems  to  be  almost  free  from  sul- 
phur. J.  S.  Bright  has  tried  it  in  the  forge  for 
blacksmithing  purposes  and  pronounces  it  to  be 
very  good.  The  company  is  determined  to 
prosecute  work  until  it  shall  thoroughly  demon- 
strate the  value  of  the  mine.  At  present  their 
prospects  seem  to  be  bright.  On  the  west  side 
of  the  pass  a  company,  composed  of  Messrs. 
Sisemore,  Snyder,  Bennett  and  others,  have 
commenced  two  tunnels.  These  are  three- 
quarters  of  a  mile  further  north  than  that  on 
the  east  side,  and  have  been  run  in  horizontally, 
cutting  the  vein  the  whole  way.  The  first  is  in 
fifteen  feet  and  the  other  eight  feet.  This  vein 
dips  at  an  angle  of  about  70  degrees,  and  seems 
to  be  of  as  good  quality  as  the  other.  This 
company  expect  to  prosecute  their  prospecting 
vigorously,  and  will  soon  be  able  to  tell  definitely 
what  may  be  expected. — Golton  Semi-Tropic. 


The  Utah  Northern  Railroad. — A  writer 
in  the  Salt  Lake  Tribune,  who  has  been  con- 
tributing a  series  of  able  articles  on  the  "Re- 
sources and  Attractions  of  Utah,"  has  the  fol- 
lowing to  say  concerning  the  railroad  which  is 
now  advanced  to  Snake  river:  The  Utah 
Northern  is  a  protege  of  the  Union  Pacific.  It 
is  narrow-gauge;  starts  north  from  Ogden,  runs 
along  the  base  of  the  mountains  about  45  miles, 
crosses  a  low  summit  into  Cache  valley,  strikes 
across  eastward  to  Logan,  then  north  to  Frank- 
lin, just  over  the  Idaho  line;  thence  it  escapes 
via  Marsh  creek,  and  descends  the  Port  Neuf 
to  Snake  river.  It  is  now  completed  to  the 
Eagle  Rock  crossing  of  Snake  river,  about  200 
miles  from  Ogden,  and  will  doubtless  be  con- 
tinued northward  into  Montana,  and  north- 
westward through  Idaho  to  the  mouth  of  the 
Columbia.  The  road  was  started  to  accommo- 
date the  local  settlements  rather  than  as  a 
through  line;  hence  its  comparative  indirect- 
ness and  the  width  of  its  gauge.  It  is  the  only 
means  of  access  to  northern  Utah  and  southern 
Idaho,  the  banks  of  whose  principal  river  for 
200  miles  in  length  contains  gold  enough  to 
make  placer  mining  profitable.  Snake  River 
valley  and  the  rich  Bilver  mines  on  the  head  of 
Salmon  river  are  at  present  the  attraction  which 
fill  the  eyes  of  the  roving  prospectors  for  mines, 
and  the  Utah  Northern  is  sure  of  a  prosperous 
future.  About  80  miles  of  it  are  in  Utah,  and 
it  will  be  a  Utah  road  still,  when  it  shall  have 
reached  the  Pacific  with  its  left  and  Saskatch- 
ewan with  its  right  arm. 


UsEfjL     ffJfOF^AJlON. 


Spontaneous  Combustion— Some  Remark- 
able Gases  and  their  Explanation. 

M,  Cosson  recently  called  the  attention  of  the 
French  Academy  of  Science  to  a  singular  ac- 
cident that  had  occurred  a  short  time  previously 
in  hia  laboratory.  Eight  days  ago,  said  he,  my 
laboratory  became  the  scene  of  a  sudden  outbreak 
of  fire.  The  board  flooring  in  the  neighborhood 
of  a  stove  spontaneously  ignited.  In  con- 
sequence of  a  similar  accident,  two  years  ago,  I 
had  caused  the  board  in  the  vicinity  of  the 
stove  to  be  replaced  by  a  marble  slab.  Not- 
withstanding this  precaution  the  lire  broke  out 
in  the  wood  around  the  marble.  The  heat  to 
which  the  wood  was  exposed  at  the  points 
where  it  ignited  was  not  very  great;  the  air  had 
only  a  temperature  of  25°.  But  without  doubt 
there  had  been  a  slow  carbonization  of  the  wood 
and  a  rapid  absorbtion  of  the  oxygen  of  the  air, 
and  in  consequence  a  production  of  caloric 
sufficient  to  cause  the  combustion.  Herein  lies 
a  danger  which  should  be  impressed  on  the 
minds  of  architects  and  builders. 

This  reminded  M.  Faye  of  a  case  of  spon- 
taneous combustion  that  had  recently  occurred 
at  the  house  of  a  friend  of  his  at  Paasy.  The 
tire  was  due  to  the  continuous  action  of  the 
heat  of  a  stove  on  the  surrounding  wood-work. 

M.  Dumas  adduced  several  analogous  exam- 
ples, aU  of  which  he  explained  by  that  property 
of  finely  divided  bodies  whereby  they  absorb 
air  very  energetically  and  generate  heat.  In 
powder  factories,  for  instance,  the  pulverized 
carbon  very  often  ignites  of  itself.  It  is  for  this 
reason  that  the  practice  has  been  generally 
adopted  of  pulverizing  it  in  conjunction  with 
Bulphur,  because  sulphur  deprives  it  of  the 
property  mentioned. 

In  such  instances  as  those  cited,  the  wood  de- 
prived of  its  moisture  by  long  exposure  to  heat 
becomes  transformed  into  a  substance  analogous 
to  lignite  or  peat.  In  fact,  it  is  changed  into  a 
condition  that  may  be  compared  to  that  of  pow- 
dered wood.  In  this  state  it  condenses  the  air 
and  takes  fire.  It  was  thus  that,  on  one  occa- 
sion in  his  experience,  a  beam  in  a  coach-house 
exposed  to  hot  air  took  fire  spontaneously. 
Sometimes  in  theaters  the  lampman's  box,  filled 
with  miscellaneous  oily  rubbish,  becomes  spon- 
taneously ignited.  The  greasy  odds  and  ends 
contained  therein  condense  the  oxygen  of  the 
air.  In  manufactories  where  Adrianople  red  is 
applied  on  cotton  impregnated  with  greasy 
material,  spontaneous  combustion  takes  place 
very  often. 

M.  Dumas  cited  one  more  singular  fact  of 
which  he  was  a  witness  in  the  studio  of  a  paint- 
er. The  artist  had  taken  a  piece  of  cotton  to 
brush  and  clean  his  canvas.  He  gave  the  oily 
surface  a  good  rubbing  and  put  the  cotton  aside. 
Very  soon  the  cotton  ignited  spontaneously. 

The  all-sufficient  explanation  of  these  and 
like  cases  is  the  fact  that  a  minutely-divided 
and  air- conducting  substance  has  the  capability 
of  producing  suddenly  a  high  temperature. — Ex- 
change. 

To  Detect  Gas  Escaping. — To  find  the  leak, 
first  see  that  no  buruers  have  been  left  accidentally 
turned  on.  This  is  often  the  case  where  the 
cock  has  no  stop,  and  is  caused  by  the  cock  be- 
ing partially  turned  around  again  so  as  to  open 
the  vent.  Imperfect  stop-cocks  for  this  reason 
are  dangerous,  and  should  be  promptly  repaired. 
Try  all  the  joints  of  the  gas-fittings,  by  bring- 
ing a  lighted  match  near  them,  to  ignite  the  es- 
caping gas  if  any  there  be.  In  case  it  is  found 
by  the  sense  of  smell  that  the  gas  is  escaping 
either  within  the  floor  or  walls,  do  not  on  any 
account  apply  a  match  near  a  crevice.  Turn  off 
the  gas  at  the  meter,  and  send  for  a  gas-fitter  at 
once.  In  ordinary  leaks,  the  burner  or  joint 
should  be  unscrewed,  and  white  lead  or  common 
bar-soap  rubbed  in  the  threads  before  screwing 
home  again. 

Stout  calico  is  made  water-proof  by  the  Chi- 
nese with  a  preparation  which  proves  efficient 
in  any  climate,  and  is  supposed  to  be  composed 
of  the  following  ingredients:  Boiled  oil,  one 
quart;  soft-soap,  one  ounce,  and  beeswax,  one 
ounce,  the  whole  to  be  boiled  until  reduced  to 
three-quarters  of  its  quantity  when  mixed. 
The  calico  treated  with  this  mixture  answers 
well  for  life-saving  apparatus. 


Salycilic  Acid  as  a  Preservative  of 
Water. — A  German  scientist  has  preserved 
drinking  water  containing  much  organic  mat- 
ter for  three  years  by  adding  one  grain  of  saly- 
cilic acid  to  one  pint.  The  water  was  kept  in  a 
stoppered  bottle  which  was  opened  from  time  to 
time,  and  it  tasted  perfectly  fresh  at  the  end  of 
the  three  years. — Amer.  Jour.  Pharmacy. 


To  Prevent  Explosions  when  Casting 
Lead. — The  whole  trouble  may  be  stopped  by 
putting  a  piece  of  rosin,  about  the  size  of  a 
hickory  nut,  into  the  ladle  and  allowing  it  to 
melt  before  pouring. 

To  purify  rancid  butter,  work  it  up  with  a 
solution  of  bi-carbate  of  soda,  chloride  of  so- 
dium, sugar  and  tartaric  acid.  A  patent  has 
been  taken  out  for  the  process,  which  it  is 
claimed  will  restore  the  most  rancid  butter. 


Starch  soaked  for  a  year  in  a  cold  saturated 
solution  of  common  salt  is  gradually  converted 
into  glucose. 


How  to  Grind  Edge  Tools. 

Edge  tools  are  fitted  up  by  grinding.  The 
sharp  grit  of  the  grindstone,  being  harder  than 
the  iron  or  steel,  cuts  very  small  .channels  in 
the  surface  of  the  metal,  and  the  revolving  disk 
carries  away  all  the  minute  particles  that  are 
detached  by  the  grit.  If  we  were  to  examine 
the  surface  of  the  tool  that  has  just  been  re- 
moved from  the  grindstone  under  the  lens  of  a 
powerful  microscope,  it  would  appear,  as  it 
were,  like  the  rough  surface  of  a  field  which  has 
recently  been  scarified  with  some  implement 
which  formed  alternate  ridges  and  furrows. 
Hence,  as  these  ridges  and  furrows  run  together 
from  both  sides  at  the  cutting  edge,  the  newly 
ground  edge  seems  to  be  formed  of  a  system  of 
minute  teeth,  rather  than  to  consist  of  a  smooth 
edge.  For  this  reason  a  tool  is  first  ground  on 
a  coarse  stone,  so  as  to  wear  the  Burface  of  the 
steel  away  rapidly;  then  it  is  polished  on  a 
wheel  of  much  finer  grit;  and  finally,  in  order 
to  reduce  the  serrature  as  much  as  possible,  a 
whetstone  of  the  finest  grit  muet  be  employed. 
This  gives  a  cutting  edge  having  the  smallest 
possible  serration.  A  razor,  for  example,  does 
not  have  a  perfect  cutting  edge,  as  one  may  per- 
ceive by  viewing  it  through  a  microscope. 
Beginners  are  sometimes  instructed,  when 
grinding  edge  tools,  to  have  the  stone  revolve 
toward  the  cutting  edge,  and  sometimes  from 
it.  When  the  first  grinding  is  being  done,  it  is 
a  matter  of  indifference  whether  this  is  done  or 
not;  but  when  the  finishing  touches  are  applied 
near  and  at  the  very  edge,  a  grinder  can  always 
complete  hiB  task  with  more  accuracy  if  the 
periphery  of  the  grindstone  revolves  toward  the 
cutting  edge,  as  the  steel  that  is  worn  away 
will  be  removed  more  easily;  whereas,  when  a 
stone  runs  in  the  opposite  direction,  the  grinder 
can  not  always  tell  exactly  when  the  side  of  the 
tool  is  fully  ground  up  to  the  edge.  ThiB  is 
more  especially  true  when  the  steel  has  a  rather 
low  or  soft  temper.  The  stone,  when  running 
from  the  edge,  will  not  sweep  away  every  par- 
ticle of  the  metal  that  hangs  as  a  "feather;" 
but  when  the  stone  revolves  toward  the  edge, 
there  will  be  no  "feather  edge"  to  deceive  the 
eye  of  the  grinder. — CaseelVa  Household  Guide. 


Bananas  as  a  material  for  the  manufacture 
of  alcohol  are  proposed.  It  is  said  that  their 
great  cheapness  in  countries  where  they  are 
grown  and  their  richness  in  sugar  eminently  fit 
them  for  this  purpose,  and  that  a  profitable  in- 
vestment of  capital  would  be  found  in  the  estab- 
lishment of  alcohol  distilleries  in  Venezuela  and 
other  lands  where  this  fruit  is  grown  in  abun- 
dance. Experiments  in  the  manufacture  of 
sugar  from  the  fruit  have  proved  unsuccessful. 
The  pulp  of  the  banana  contains,  according  to 
analysis  of  MM.  Marcano  and  Muntz,  8.5%  of 
cane  sugar,  and  6.4%  of  grape  sugar. 

Cement  for  Cast  Iron. — Five  parts  of  sul- 
phur, two  parts  of  graphite,  and  two  parts  of 
fine  iron  filings  are  melted  together,  taking  care 
that  the  sulphur  does  not  catch  fire.  The  parts, 
previously  warmed,  are  covered  with  the 
cement,  reduced  to  a  pasty  consistence  on  a 
fire,  and  firmly  pressed  together.  This  cement, 
it  is  said,  is  very  well  adapted  to  fill  out  leaks 
in  cast  iron  vessels. 


Corks  are  made  both  air-tight  and  water- 
tight if  plunged  in  melted  paraffine,  and  kept 
there  for  about  five  minuteB.  Thus  prepared, 
they  can  be  easily  cut  and  bored,  and  may  be 
inserted  in,  or  withdrawn  from,  bottles  without 
any  difficulty. 

To  Clean  Silk.  — A  teaspoonful  of  powdered 
borax  dissolved  in  one  quart  of  tepid  water 
is  good  for  cleaning  old  black  dress  of  silk,  cash- 
mere or  alpaca. 


Q©od   He^ltH. 


Worth  Remembering. 

1.  Child  two  years  old  has  an  attack  of  croup 
at  night.  Doctor  at  a  distance.  What  is  to  be 
done? 

The  ohild  should  be  immediately  undressed 
and  put  in  a  warm  bath.  Then  give  an  emetic 
composed  of  one  part  of  antimony  wine  to  two 
of  ipecac.  The  dose  is  a  teaspoonful.  If  the 
antimony  is  not  handy,  give  warm  water,  mus- 
tard and  water,  or  any  other  simple  emetic;  dry 
the  child  and  wrap  it  carefully  in  a  warm 
blanket. 

2.  Some  one's  nose  bleeds  and  cannot  be  stop- 
ped. 

Take  a  plug  of  lint,  moisten,  dip  in  equal 
parts  of  powdered  alum  and  gum  arabic  and  in- 
sert in  the  nose.  Bathe  the  forehead  in  cold 
water. 

3.  Child  eats  a  piece  of  bread  on  which  ar- 
senic has  been  spread  for  killing  rats. 

Give  plenty  of  warm  water,  new  milk  in  large 
quantities,  gruel  and  linseed  tea;  foment  the 
bowels.  Scrape  iron  rust  off  anything,  mix  with 
warm  water  and  give  in  large  draughts  fre- 
quently. Never  give  large  drafts  of  fluids 
until  those  given  before  have  been  vomited,  be- 
cause the  stomach  will  not  contract  properly  if 
filled,  and  the  object  is  to  get  rid  of  the  poison 
as  quickly  as  possible. 

4.  A  young  lady  sits  in  a  draft  and  comes 
heme  with  a  bad  sore  throat. 

Wrap  flannel  around  the  throat,  keeping  out 
of  draft  and  sudden  changes  of  atmosphere, 
and  every  half  hour  take  a  pinch  of  chloride  of 


potash,  place  it  on  the  tongue  and  allow  it  to 
dissolve  in  the  mouth. 

5.  Child  falls  backwards  in  a  tub  of  water 
and  is  much  scalded. 

Carefully  undress  the  child,  lay  it  on  a  bed, 
on  its  breast  if  the  back  is  scalded;  be  sure  all 
drafts  are  excluded;  then  dust  over  the  parts 
scalded  with  bi-carbonate  of  aoda;  lay  muslin 
over  it;  then  make  a  tent  by  placing  two  boxes 
with  a  board  over  them  in  the  bed,  to  prevent 
the  covering  from  pressing  on  the  scald;  cover 
up  warmly. 

Mower  cuts  driver's  legs  as  he  iB  thrown 
from  seat.  Put  a  tight  bandage  around  the 
limb  above  the  cut,  shp  a  cork  under  it  in  the 
direction  of  a  line  drawn  from  the  inner  part  of 
the  knee  to  a  little  outside  of  the  groin.  Draw 
the  edges  of  the  cut  together  with  sticking 
plaster. 

6*.  Child  has  a  bad  earache.  Dip  a  plug  of 
cotton  wool  in  olive  oil,  warm  it  and  place  it  in 
the  ear.  Wrap  up  the  head  and  keep  it  out  of 
drafts. 

A  Word  to  Insurance  Officers. — The 
Plumber  and  Sanitary  Engineer  BuggestB  to  life 
insurance  companies,  that  instead  of  merely 
hammering  at  a  man's  chest  to  find  if  he  has  a 
tendency  to  any  diseaae,  would  it  not  be  well 
for  the  medical  examiners  of  life  insurance  com- 
panies to  inquire  if  he  has  not  got  a  cesspool 
leaking  into  his  well,  or  untrapped  pipes  be- 
neath his  basins  and  closets  ?  More  persons 
die  of  zymotic  diseases  in  New  York  than  from 
almost  any  other  malady,  yet  a  man  living  in 
the  midst  of  contagious  influences,  and  hence 
daily  liable  to  take  diphtheria  or  typhoid  fever, 
would  yet  find  little  trouble  in  getting  a  heavy 
policy  on  his  life.  If  insurance  officers  would 
give  this  subject  their  attention  they  might  save 
many  losses  to  their  companies,  and  also  ben- 
efit the  public  generally;  for  if  men  found  that 
their  homes  were  rated  as  "hazardous,"  they 
would  soon  begin  to  think  of  finding  a  remedy 
for  the  difficulty. 


Alum  in  Bread. — Alum  is  sometimes  used 
by  bakers  to  make  a  good-looking  loaf  from  an 
inferior  quality  of  flour.  The  danger  to  health 
of  using  it  freely  has  often  been  adverted  to, 
and  we  notice  that  an  eminent  English  medical 
authority  saya  that  the  general  use  of  alum  by 
bakers  is  one  of  the  most  fertile  causes  of  dys- 
pepsia, liver  and  bowel  complaints  in  adults, 
and  of  debility  and  rickets  in  children.  Bad 
teeth  and  their  early  decay  is  another  conse- 
quence of  the  daily  use  of  alum  in  food.  It  is 
claimed  by  physiologists  that  when  there  is  alum 
in  flour,  the  bone  matter  of  the  bread  (phos- 
phate of  lime)  instead  of  becoming  assimilated 
by  the  system,  is  either  wholly  or  in  part  con- 
verted into  a  salt  of  alumina,  which  is  useless 
and  incapable  of  appropriation. 


Treatment  for  Distemper. — It  will  be  in- 
teresting to  lovers  of  the  canine  species  to  hear 
of  a  simple  remedy  for  distemper.  At  the 
quarterly  meeting  of  the  Scottish  Metropolitan 
Veterinary  Medical  Society  Mr.  Baird  men- 
tioned the  case  of  a  colly  dog  in  the  last  stage 
of  the  disease,  and  which  its  owner  bad  deter- 
mined to  destroy.  Shortly  after  being  treated 
with  doses  of  strong  coffee  and  a  little  sweet 
milk,  the  animal,  however,  so  far  recovered  as 
to  be  able  to  stand  and  walk.  The  chairman  of 
the  meeting  said  the  case  aeemed  almost  unique. 
— London  Lancet. 


Mr.  Robert  Rawltnson,  in  a  paper  on 
"  Sanitary  Science,  "  says  :  "As  the  strength 
of  a  nation  is  in  the  health  of  the  people,  it  must 
be  the  duty  of  governments  to  see  that  means 
of  health  are  secured  to  every  child  born  into 
the  world.  There  is  no  value  apart  from  human 
life,  and  as  the  poor  cannot  provide  their  own 
dwelling-places,  and  as  experience  from  the 
first  dawn  of  history  proves  that  defective  tene- 
ments produce  disease  in  excess,  it  must  be  a 
prime  duty  of  a  government  bo  to  legislate, 
order  and  regulate  that  health  shall  be  possible 
within  the  cottage." 

A  Cure  for  Poison  Oak. — Now  that  the 
picnic  season  attracts  thousands  of  people  into 
the  country,  we  reprint  the  following  cure  for 
"  oak  poison,  "  which  several  persons  claim  to 
have  used  with  complete  success  :  Dilute  sweet 
spirits  of  niter  with  the  same  quantity  of  cold 
water;  apply  with  a  white  cloth  every  ten 
minutes  until  cured.  When  of  a  few  hourB* 
contraction  it  seldom  requires  more  than  one 
application. 


Ozone  in  Relation  to  Health.  — Heretofore 
ozone  has  been  considered  highly  conducive  to 
health— that  it  is  an  exceedingly  healthful  princi- 
ple in  the  atmosphere,  but  several  scientists  have 
recently  taken  the  opposite  view,  and  seem  to  be 
revealing  facts  which  are  beginning  to  startle 
those  who  believe  ozone  and  "ozonized"  arti- 
cles of  food  or  of  medicine  are  quite  universally 
beneficial. 


Eucalyptus  for  Cold  in  the  Head. — A 
European  writer  asserts  that  acute  coryza,  or 
cold  in  the  head,  is  cured  in  half  an  hour  by 
chewing  the  leaf  of  the  eucalyptus  and  slowly 
swallowing  the  saliva.  Its  action  is  doubt- 
lessly similar  to  that  of  cubebs,  which  will  pro- 
duce the  same  effect. 


The  Empress  of  Germany  offers  an  interna- 
tional prize  for  the  beat  treatise  tending  to 
facilitate  the  cure  of  diphtheria. 


366 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS 


[June  7,  18; 


On  Certain  Much- Abused  Mollusks. 

[By  Robert  E.  C.  Stearns.]  , 

la  Victor  Hugo's  very  popular  novel,  "Les 
Travailleurs  de  la  Mer,"  the  domain  of  nature 
being  either  stale  or  insufficient,  the  enterpris- 
ing author  manufactured  a  new  species,  a  mon- 
strosity, which  he  invested  with  characters  be- 
longing to  widely  separate  forms  of  ani- 
mal structure.  If  a  hibernicism  is  permissible, 
it  may  be  said  that  he  describes  a  nondescript, 
mixing  in  an  incongruous  jumble  unrelated 
peculiarities  of  different  divisions  of  the  ani- 
mal kingdom. 

The  average  novel  reader  whose  appetite  is 
aroused  by  the  motion  or  activity  of  the  narra- 
tive, and  whose  interest  is  retained  by  the 
momentum  as  well  as  by  the  glamour  of  Hugo's 
percussive  and  explosive  verbal  pyrotechny,  it 
may  be  presumed  is  not  sufficiently  well  .in- 
formed in  such  matters  either  to  notice,  or  be 
offended  by,  such  trivial  crimes  against  nature. 

Hugo  connected  his  invention  with  the  cut- 
tlefishes by  calling  it  "la  pieuvre"  which  is  the 
provincial  or  local  name  among  the  fishermen 
of  the  Channel  Islands  for  the  eight-footed  cut- 
tles (Octopoda)  of  the  region,  the  "Poulpe"  of 
French  authors.     Herein  lies  his  offense. 

As,  soon  after  the  appearance  of  this  book, 
Mr.  H.  Crosse,  one  of  the  intelligent  and  able 
editors  of  the  Journal  de  Conchy  liologie  (April, 
1866),  under  the  title  of  "Un  Mollusque  bien 
maltraite,"*  pointed  out  Hugo's  numerous  ab- 
surdities and  special  inaccuracies,  there  is  no 
necessity  for  indicating  them  again;  but  as  we 
have  to  notice  other  sins  of  a  similar  nature,  if 
less  heinous,  by  other  sinners,  it  may  be  well 
to  quote  in  part  the  concluding  portion,  of  Mr. 
Crosse's  justifiable  and  pertinent  criticism: 

"It  is  *  *  *  the  duty  of  those  who  have  *  *  * 
devoted  their  lives  to  the  study  of  science  to 
point  out  and  rectify  such  gross  errors,  much 
more  dangerous  when  they  emanate  from  so 
eminent  a  writer  as  M.  Victor  Hugo  than  if 
they  came  from  an  obscure  author.  We  must 
add  that,  though  this  unlucky  chapter  is  full  of 
^very  kind  of  enormity  and  of  facts  absolutely 
false  as  to  science,  the  paper  of  Paris  which  has 
the  largest  circulation,  although  not  the  most 
intelligent,  has  especially  selected  it  as  a  speci- 
men of  the  work,  and  transcribed  it  at  full 
length  with  the  most  fulsome  eulogies." 

M.  Crosse,  in  closing,  ironically  adds: 

*'We  see  thereby  that  the  instruction  of  the 
masses  in  the  natural  sciences  is  in  good  hands 
and  well  directed.  M.  Michelet,  also  a  con- 
fused litterateur  in  regard  to  science,  had  al- 
ready drawn  quite  an  amusing  and  fanciful  por- 
trait of  the  Poulpe;  but  after  that  sketched  by 
Victor  Hugo  nothing  more  can  be  added.  It  is 
easy  enough  to  make  it  more  accurate;  but  to 
frame  it  more  fantastically  would  be  almost  an 
impossibility," 

In  the  Popular  Science  Monthly  for  January 
of  the  current  year  (p.  345),  we  have  a  paper 
on  "The  Devil-fish  and  its  Relatives,"  a  chap- 
ter from  a  bookt  in  press  at  the  time,  in  which 
Hugo's  sensational  name  is  adopted,  and  either 
for  padding  or  piquancy,  perhaps  both,  a  part 
of  his  "terribly  vivid  description"  is  quoted. 
The  writer  adds,  as  a  mild  qualification, 
"Though  incorrect  in  several  scientific  details,  the 
description  isthebest  wehavehad,  though  Jules 
Verne's  is  almost  as  dramatic  and  nearer  to  Na- 
ture." 

The  title,  and  the  foregoing  extract,  brief 
though  it  be,  is  sufficient  to  indicate  to  the 
scientific  student  or  intelligent  reader  the  qual- 
ity of  the  article  and  the  probable  character  of 
the  book.  If  Verne's  "general  description"  had 
been  a  little  more  dramatic  and  a  little  further 
from  Nature,  we  may  assume  that  the  author 
would  have  quoted  him  instead  of  Hugo  !  On 
a  succeeding  page  (347)  we  are  presented  with  a 
sensational  picture,  "Fig.  2.  The  Giant  Squid," 
in  the  great  double  and  daring  act  as  the  circus 
folk  would  express  it,  of  clasping  a  square- 
ended  skiff  or  boat,  while  at  the  same  time  this 
devilish  fishy  "Giant  Squid,"  not  satisfied  with 
stealing  the  man's  boat,  is  actually  "going  for" 
the  man  himself,  and  had,  up  to  the  last  time 
that  we  look  at  the  picture,  already  wound  or 
twisted  three  arms  around  the  man's  tivo  legs. 
Such  deliberately  cruel  conduct  on  the  part  of 
this  "Giant  Squid"  indicates  that  "The  Devil- 
fish and  its  Relatives"  are  cold-blooded  animals, 
a  fact  of  physiological  importance;  so  inferen- 
tially  we  get  an  occasional  chunk  of  knowledge 
to  pay  us  for  the  time  expended.  We  left  the 
poor  man  (perhaps  a  legal  voter)  in  a  precarious 
situation,  probably  getting  ready  to  "be  drunk 
alive."  The  picture  indicates  that  drunkenness 
in  some  of  its  forms  was  prevalent  at  the  time 
it  was  made,  for  the  proportions  of  this  particu- 
larly malicious  "devil-fish"  are  not  those  of  any 
known  species,  while  to  point  the  tail  (if  not 
the  moral)  the  conventional  devil's  tail  of  the 
"old  masters"  is  grafted  on  or  in  this  unique 
form,  in  a  way  to  produce  a  startling  effect  on 
weak  nerves. 

Will  the  author  please  inform  us  what  particu- 
lar species  of  cuttlefish  is  represented  in  the  fig- 
ure ?  It  is  undoubtedly  a  new  form  !  The  dis- 
proportionately small  size  of  the  fins  (or  tail),  the 
peculiar  form  of  the  same  and  mode  of  attach- 
ment, prove  this  to  be  a  new,  distinct,  and  rare 
species.  Is  it  an  octopod  or  a  decapod  ?  Though 
called  a  "squid,"  which  would  warrant  the  as- 

'A  translation  may  bo  found  in  the  American  Jour* 
nal  o/  Conohologu,  Vol.  II.,  pp.  2&4,  296. 
tFrum  "Oooan  Wonders,"  in  the  prem  of  D.  Appleton 

It  Co. 


sumption  that  it  has  ten  arms,  only  seven  are 
visible;  however,  the  rest  may  be  in  the  second 
cabin  !  As  no  one  has  ever  Been  a  cephaloped 
built  on  such  a  model,  with  the  posterior  por- 
tion of  the  body  tapering  and  attenuated  to  a 
point,  with  a  heart-shaped  tail  stuck  on  it,  sug- 
gesting a  whaler's  bomo-lance,  we  are  forced  to 
the  conclusion  that  Mr,  Damon  has  discovered 
a  new  species,  which  he  had  better  describe,  ere 
the  man  in  the  skiff  "is  drunk  alive."  Before 
this,  however,  he  should  copyright  the  picture, 
and  get  a  patent  for  the  tail  !  On  page  349  we 
are  informed  that  "According  to  Scientific 
classification,  the  octopus  belongs  to  the 
division  of  soft-bodied  Mollusca,  and  the  class 
of  Cephalopoda — meaning  'feet  proceeding  from 
the  head.'  "  Is  there  a  division  of  hard-bodied 
mollusca,  and  do  the  decapods  belong  to  it  ? 
Again,  we  are  informed,  "Of  the  Octopoda  fam- 
ily is  the  small  paper  nautilus  or  argonaut. 
How  few  of  our  readers  who  have  admired  this 
beautiful  shell,  with  its  mother-of-pearl  lining" 
(italics  are  ours),  "have  realized  that  its  former 
inhabitant  was  own  cousin  to  the  horrible  devil- 
fish." Oh,  my  !  there  he  goes  again,  and  "poor 
but  respectable"  Mrs.  Argonaut  is  defamed  and 
charged  indirectly  with  being  a  relative  to, 
if  not  particeps  criminis  with,  that  apochryphal 
devil-fish  of  Hugo's,  The  mother-of-pearl  lin- 
ing in  an  argonaut  shell  is  something  new. 
Mr.  Damon  has  invented  another  species,  or 
else  he  is  ignorant  of  what  he  has  written 
about.  Produce  your  pearly-lined  argonaut, 
and  the  dealers  and  conchological  dilletanti  of 
Europe  and  America  will  purchase  all  your 
specimens  at  fancy  prices. 

Tryon,  at  the  close  of  his  general  remarks  on 
the  Cephalopoda,  in  his  Manual  of  Conchology, 
referring  to  this  paper,  misquotes  the  title,  but 
says,  "Those  who  prefer  modern  marvels  will 
find  in  it  a  choice  assortment." 

If  such  be  popular  science,  the  less  of  it  the 
better. 

In  Harper's  Magazine  for  February,  we  have 
a  profusely  illustrated  article,  entitled,  "The 
Treasures  of  the  Deep, "  in  which  the  artist  has 
done  grievous  wrong  to  certain  helpless  mol- 
lusks by  making  several  right-handed  or  dex- 
tral  forms,  left-handed  or  sinistral,  as  may  be 
seen  by  turning  to  page  329,  the  upper  group, 
which  includes  what  the  author  calls  "Venus' 
Comb"  (Murex  tenuispina  of  Lamarck);  the 
second  form  covered  with  tubercles  known  to  nat- 
uralists as  Murex  haustellum  of  Linn  feu  b;  also 
the  cone-shell  C.  nobilis,  the  top-shell  Trochtis 
nitoticus,  and  the  shuttle-shell  Ovula  ( Volvo) 
volva,  (not  Ovalum  valva,  as  printed),  are  all 
thus  misrepresented. 

while  certain  species  of  Mollusca — marine, 
fiuviatile  and  terrestrial — are  sinistral,  the 
great  majority  are  dextral  or  right-handed.  A 
few  species  in  each  of  the  three  divisions  are 
both  dextral  and  sinistral,  but  the  forms  re- 
ferred to  above  are  always  dextral. 

As  the  author,   on  page  331,    compliments 
the  accomplished  artists  who  engraved  these 
shells  and  the  cut  of  the  nautilus,"  (more  prop- 
erly Argonaxd),  we  may  infer  that  the  draughts- 
man is  to  blame  for  these  perversions. 

lanthina  communis,  the  violet  snail,  appears 
as  Ianthana,  and  the  author's  idea  of  nacre  is 
not  quite  lucent,  when  he  tells  us  the  spindle- 
shell  is  "pearly  white,"  and  so  one  gets  bit  by 
bit,  a  scrap  of  information,  until  finally  the 
scrap  is  reduced  to  a  crumb,  and  the  last  crumb 
which  we  will  refer  to  is  that ( 'Spondylus  reyiitsia 
probably  the  rarest  shell  in  the  sea,"  and  Dr. 
Chenu's  old  story  about  the  learned  professor 
who  sold  his  "wife's  jewelry  and  silver  spoons 
to  purchase  one  of  these  rare  specimens,"  is 
resurrected,  et  cetera,  to  point  a  moral  or  to 
give,  as  in  a  previous  case,  piquancy  and  pad- 
ding to  the  prosy  text. 

Without  guessing  at  the  weight  of  the  paper, 
we  may  pass  on  with  the  remark,  that  it  is  es- 
sentially light  reading;  from  pearls  to  ivory  may 
do,  but  from  Cleopatra  to  Walrusses  we  fear 
will  be  regarded  by  readers  of  classical  procliv- 
ities, as  a  new  form  of  that  old  "step  from  the 
sublime  to  the  ridiculous. "  Mark  Antony,  Esq. , 
being  deceased,  it  is  probable  his  feelings  will 
not  be  hurt ;  were  he  around  as  formerly,  he 
would  certainly  make  it  lively  for  the  author. 
Readers  of  another  class  will  probably  detect  a 
slight  top-dressing  of  diluted  popular  science. 

In  pursuance  of  the  practical  advice  given 
elsewhere  to  Mr.  Damon  in  relation  to  his 
pearly  argonaut,  we  would  suggest  that  the 
creator  of  the  sinistral  monstrosities,  figured  in 
Harper's,  should  at  once  dispose  of  his  precious 
specimens  to  the  museums,  where  the  curious, 
whether  scientific  or  otherwise,  may  see  them. 
They  would  command  high  prices,  being  un- 
doubtedly unique. 

From  the  monthlies  to  Webster's  big  diction- 
ary* may  be  regarded  as  passing  from  gay  to 
grave,  from  lively  to  severe. 

Next  to  the  Bible  and  Koran,  mighty  in  all 
its  massy  corpulenc  •-  and  ponderous  dignity, 
comes  the  big  dictionary  I  The  solemnity  of 
its  physiognomy  is  awful !  In  some  portions  of 
even  Christian  countries,  where  the  Bible — 
alas  I — is  little  used,  or  only  a  small-sized  edi- 
tion is  accessible,  witnesses  are  sworn  upon  this 
portly  tome.  Next  in  potency  to  a  rooster  to 
force  the  unwilling  Mongolian  to  the  truth, 
comes  the  big  dictionary,  with  the  mysterious 
power  of  its  accumulated  and  concentrated  wis- 
dom. 

Within  the  covers  of  this  awe-inspiring  vol- 
ume we  might  expect  to  find  ample,  unabridged, 
and  impartial  justice.  No  !  Even  here  certain 
defenseless  mollusks  are  the  victims  of  pictorial 
infelicities  and  left-handed  compliments. 

'WeUtert  Unabridged  Pictorial  Dictionary,  187C 


The  Cephalopods,  so  cruelly  used  by  the  others,  form  shell. "    Upon  turning  to  fusiform . 
are  again  badly  treated.     The  definition  of  the  derived  from  Jusus,  a  spindle,  we  findth'. 
word  Cephalopod  is  well  enough  so  far  as  it  goes,tionto  be  "shaped  like  a  spindle,  taperiir 
but  for  a  figure  we  are  presented  with  the  shellend. "    The  definition   is  the  same  a; 
of  an  Ammonite.     Upon  consideration   of  theconchology.     It  does  not  apply  to 
fact  that  the  Ammonites  are  an  extinct  form,  Vertigo,    which  are  small,  stumpy 
without  a  living  representative  for  numberlessfepiral  shells,  some  species  being 
centuries,  and  that  the  present  seas  of  the  globeothers      dextral,    with    curiously 
contain  numerous  living  species  and  multitudes  twisted  mouths, 
of  individuals  of  Cephalopods,*  and  that  the     We  will  not  at  this  time  prolong  .. 
figure  given  is  wholly  irrelevant  to  the   defini- into  the  conchological  or  malacologie 
tion;  and  that  while  the  Ammonites  were  orof  this,  that,  or  the  other  big  dicti 
are   Cephalopods,  the   latter   are   by  no  means  though  it  may  be  to  point  out  the 
Ammonites  any  more  than  a  horse  is  a  mare,  man  aide  in  so  pretentious  a  i 
the  absurdity  of  the   foregoing   is  at   once  ap- more  painful  still  to  think  of  its 
parent.     While  the  Ammonite  and  the  Cuttle- those  helpless  forms,  which  h 
fish  are  properly  figured,  the  unfortunate  Ceph-  protect  them,  and  which  are  al 
alopods  are  needlessly  humiliated  !  by  the  various   societies  forth: 

To  illustrate  the  family  of  Entomostomata  we  cruelty  to  animals!  And  he 
have  two  figures,  viz.:  1.  Rtcinula  horrida ;  2.  with  these  appropriate  lines  fro- 
Cancillaria  reticulata.  It  will  be  noted  that  the  might  have  been  written  for  tl 
generic  name  in  the  latter  is  misspelt;  it  should  <ii  would  not  enter  on  my  list  - 
be  Cancellaria,  as  the  cancellated  sculpture  oi 
the  shells  suggested  the  generic  name.  Both  of 
these  well-known  dextral  or  right-handed  shells 
are  figured  as  sinistral ;  they  are  also  presented 
apex  down.  When  the  actual  shells  are  held 
in  the  proper  position,  with  the  apex  up,  it  will 
be  seen  that  the  mouth,  as  the  opening  is  called, 
opens  on  the  right-hand  side. 

Helix  (4  Zool. ),  the  snail  shell,  is  represented 
by  a  reversed  Bulimus  or  Partula.     We  should 


(Though  graced  with  polished  i 
Yet  wanting  sensibility)  the  mi 
Who  needlessly  Bets  foot  upun 
An  inadvertent  stop  may 
That  crawls  at  evening  in 
But  he  that  has  humanity,  i< 
Will  tread  aside  and  let  the 


Down  the  Colum: 


M  The  Columbia  river  is 

naturally  expect  to  find  a  typical  Helix  as  fig-  ^  thc  vafit  re^on  draiu, 

ured  by ;some  of  the  old  authors,  say  H -l»nwtf«i,  destined  to  be  the  pri 
the  snail  of  the  Roman  epicures,  or  H.  a^ersa,  merce  for  the  immen^e 
also  an  edible  species  largely  used  in  Kuropc  a8  80{m  M  tfaere  ig  railr(i 
both  in  ancient  and  modern  times  the  t  river  of  ^ 

Melania  aurda  (see  Melaman),  a  dextral  shell  pac;gc  railroad  Thc 
is  made  sinistral  in  the  wood-cut,  and  nothing  tMs  poute  present8  ;, 
is  said  as  to  whether  this  numerous  and  widely  8nowg  and  ftg  ^^ 
distributed  form  is  marine,  fiuviatile,  or  terres  the  countr    to  be  tl 


trial. 


balances  all  the  du 


For  Nautiluswe ^hav€ >a ,  figure  Argonauta  arg<  atteudi        the 

(shell   and  animal)  as  stated;  while   the  Argon  mouth  Qf  the  river 

auta  is  frequently  called  the  "paper  nautilus,    q       entered  tl 

the  true  nautilus  shell  is  internally  chambered  ^pithout  a    pilot 

as  stated  in  the  accompanying  definition,  am  kuowied„e   of   th 

is  also  nacreous  or  pearly  while  the  shell  of  th.  thou3andb8  of  ves8C 

Argonautis  neither  chambered  nor  pearly.     Th.        acit     hftve 

absurdity  of    the   figure  in  this   connection  i:  „„;„„   r,.^  „*  „n 

,        J  -ij.1.         j.       v-vri  Roms  out  at  ail  i 

made  more  conspicuous  by  the  note  which   fol  C:nd*  Qf  wea*. 

lows  the  definition.  _  sometimes  V 

Again,  it  is  rather  curious   that  while. unde        ^_    aame  ii.j  ,,. 
the  definition  of    Mollitsk  there  is  given  in  th.  ±     everv  nort-  1 
group  of  figures  those  of  a  recent  cephalopod,  a     i>  +na+- }r  1 
well  as  the  true  Nautilus,  animal  and  shell  (th.  dau„era  0j 
latter  in  section,  so  as  to  show  the   chambers)  rpflJj.d  wi 
also  a  Helix,  animal  and  shell — that  such  inap       d  en*.„r:t  ,. 
propriate  figures,  to  say  the  least,  should   hav<     T>ii0+  u* 
been  placed  against  each  of  the  above  words,  a  w~Le  *.ne  ia 
before  shown.     As  to  the  definition  of  Nautilus  vem„  :,. 
it  should  be  said  that  the  Bhell  is  not  spiral,  bu  dent°  t 
involute  and  discoidal.     The  definition  of  Palu  ±n    _:ver 
dina,  though  brief,  is  well  enough;  but  the  fig       d  -. 
ure  of  P.  vivipara,  as  given,  is  sinistral,  and  th< 


mouth,  which  in  nature  is  simple,  round,  am 
continuous,  is  made  with  a  thickened  and  re 
flexed  peristome. 

For  Periwinkle  we  are  furnished  with  what  i 
intended  as   a  portrait  of  Littorina   litlorea,  a 
stated  in  the  definition  (1  Zool.);  a  dextral  she- 
between  tide-marks,    but    sinistral,    with     it 
mouth  on  the   wrong   side,  when   found    i  1 1 
the  covers  or  or  the  dry  land  of  the  die 
The  large  and  showy  shell,  Triton  (Trit- 
now),  always  dextral,  is  represented  by  '■' 
tonis  in  the  reversed  figure.     The  same 
made  to  do  a  double  duty,  like  the 
drawers  in   Goldsmith's   "Deserted 
For  opposite  the  term   Trumpet  8h 
side"  is  placed  uppermost,  and  v 
it  is  "a  univalvular  shell  of  the 
pet,  a  species  of  Buccinum," 
neither  satisfactory  as  to  the 
nor  in   the  statement   of   its 
tions.     The  ancient  sculpt 
the  shell  in  the  hands  of 
tons,  for  whom  the  shell 
are  generally  represent 
lips,  blowing  the  she] 
the  natives  of  some 
as  a  war   trumpet 
chology,  some 
general  form 
since  been  remoj 

Again  e 
cies  of  shell  of  tl 
tion,  figured 
nection  it  ma 
tral  form  illustrating 
dextral;  but  not  on] 
Marmoratus),  but  all  oi 
are  dextral  shells, 
illustrated  by  a  species  of 
taehed  to  it  is    "Buccinum 
different  form. 

Scalaria,  always  a  dextral   si 
though  sinistral  in  the  dictionary, 
by  the  common  European  S.  conn 
popular  name  for   the  general   fori 
trap.     On  turning  to  this  word, 
which  is  given,  a    poor  sinistra 
large  Indo-Pacific  species,  Sea' 
presented    for  this    well-kno; 
Even  the  common  tormStron,' 
shelU,  some  species  of  whicl^ 
dant,  hence  frequently  mefci 
collections,  and  always  dex 
by  a  left-handed  figure. 

Vertigo   (2  Zool,).     Defip 
gasteropodous  mollusca  witH 

*The  common  equld  used  as  br  I 
dant  on  portions  of  the  coast  ol 
larjte  Octopus  punctatus,  Gabl. 


cipa 


t  Vide  "Woodward's  Manual.' 


June  7,  i»79.1 
The  Winnemucca  and 

The  projected  raj^^H 
Oregon  io    again   . 
four  years  a. 
way  through  t 
an- 1  the  belii 

.    ■ 


1C    PRESS. 


369 


I- 
by. 
di- 
re ally 
.    there 
.     It  is 
ard  and 
it   in 
.borately 


f  Industrial  Success. 

ujoyed  reading  an  article  by  an 
luh  economist,  in  a  leading  Araeri- 
mwhioh  great  problems  of  success 
world's  trade  and  industry  were 
As     we     proceeded     through    the 
.1  analysis  of  industrial  conditions 
great  nations,  and   drew  therefrom 
n8  pointing  to  the  causes  of  stagnation 
,  lesaion,  we  were  struck  more  forcibly 
r  before  with  the  fact  that  success,  and 
us  of  its  attainment,  are  essentially  the 
■  ther  it  be  the  success  of  an  individual, 
.  nation  with  a  population  of  many   mil- 
There  is  no  discovery  in  this  position; 
;is  it  is  true;  and  yet  we  are  too  prone 
upon  national  prosperity  as  something 
unlike  that  of  an  individual — as  a  grand 
from  some  higher  power,  and  not  as  a  con- 
i  if  affairs  affected  by  the  same  class   of 
■uses  and  influences  as  those  which  shape  our 
vn   life  successes.     And  yet  thus  it  is:  the 
I  ruths  of    political    economy   like  other   great 
truths  cover  alike  the  great  and  the  Bmall  in  life 
uid  action,  and   bring  us  to  hardship  or  pros- 
perity according  to  our  deeds. 

It  is  not  our  purpose  to  follow  the  writer  in 
his  outline  of  causes  producing  the  depression 
which  has  been  felt  all  over  the  civilized  world. 
Rather  would  we  take  the  hint  which  the  writ- 
ing implies  and  draw  from  general  and  wide- 
reaching  causes  some  special  lessons  for  in- 
dividual adoption.  It  is  shown  that  each  of 
the  great  nations,  which  are  now  struggling 
under  depressed  trade  and  unrequited  industry, 
haB,  during  recent  years,  undertaken  some  wild 
and  unwise  line  of  expenditure  which  has  been 
greater  in  cost  than  the  surplus  earnings  of  the 
country,  and  has  trenched  upon  fixed  capital  in 
some  manner.  Relying  upon  markB  of  unusual 
prosperity,  nations  have  pushed  forward  extrav- 
agant schemes  which  soon  leaped  beyond  the 
limits  of  surplus   earnings  and   beyond   imme- 


OF    SAN    XAVIER    DEL    BAC,    NEAR    TUCSON,    ARIZONA. 


.tings  and   colorings  upon 
id   and  bright,  as  though 
ud  gorgeous  in  effect.     The 
.  eral  other  pictures  are  evi- 
.irtists,  but  the  others,  which 
;re  done  by  pious  but  not  ar- 
uhe  end  of  the  transept,  high 
jq  the  floor  and  ceiling,  is  the 
^acle  imaginable.     A  cross  of 
3  deeply  imbedded  in  the  wall, 
aya  of  black,  or  dark  brown  and 
■ody  once  extended  upon  it  has 
|T  been  torn  down,  leaving  one 
brown  as  that  of  a  mummy,  with 
.ing,  nailed  to  the  arm  of  the  cross, 
jle  to  make  one  shudder  in  spite  of 
.ere  are  still  75  life-like  statues  of 
saints  left  standing  in  their  niches, 
aces  of  some  of  them  the  expression 
as.      Some  have   fallen   down,    and 
mutilated  by  time  or  the  irreverent. 
iow  skillful  workmanship,  and   must 
j  brought  by  the  fathers   from   Spain. 
ing  over  and  above  the  main  altar  is 
v  heavy  and  rich.     The  main  altar  itself 
ed  with  beaten  virgin  gold,  taken  by  the 
or  their  Indian  proselytes  from  the  mines. 
iltar   service,  which  is  also  of  solid   gold, 
trried  away  a  few  years  ago  by  some  priests 
came  from  Mexico  for  the  purpose,  and 
j  are  but  two   small  vessels   left  to  Bhow 
t  the  other  and  larger  pieces  must  have  been, 
re  are  still  some  of  the  rich  vestments  left, 
their  gorgeous  texture   is  marred   by  long 
■vice  and  abuBe.     The  heavy  doors  are  made 
aolid  wood  of  great  thicknesa,  which  is  joined 
ogether  in  panels  by  grooves.     The  large  outer 
loors  were  not  only  made  of  thick  timber,  but 
,vere   covered  by  thick  Bheets  of   copper,  pro- 
cured from  the  mines  and  smelted  by  the  monks 
themselveB,  which,  in  conjunction  with  the  enor- 
mous bar  on  the  inside,  make  them  impervious 
to  any  attack  from  their  savage  enemy.     In  con- 
nection with  the  church  is  the  monastery  or 
cloister,  and  within  the  surrounding  inclosure  is 
the  mortuary  chapel — a  huge   aepulcher,  where 
those  who   kept  their  vigils  and   toiled  in  a 
strange,  inhospitable  land  to  lead  into  the  paths 
of  peace  the  benighted  nations,  rest  from  their 
laborn  and  are  forgotten. 


diate  productive  needs,  and  thus  have  burdens 
settled  down  heavily  upon  the  people,  repress- 
ing trade  and  checking  industry.  How  like  the 
history  of  many  individuals  is  this  chapter  from 
the  life  of  nations  ?  How  many  instances  do 
we  aee  on  all  sides  where  men.  have  refused  to 
make  their  actual  surpluses  some  measure  of 
their  new  ventures,  but  rather  have  yielded 
full  adherence  to  enterprises  and  projects 
which  gratified  their  fancies  or  blinded 
them  with  the  illusive  hope  of  aome  great 
and  speedy  aggrandizement.  Following  these 
splendid  visions  of  easy  fortunes  by  fortunate 
stroke  rather  than  by  husbanding  of  labor's 
rewards,  they  have  borrowed  from  every  lender, 
and,  as  their  air  castles  vanished,  they  find 
themselves  laden,  with  great  weights  which 
they  can  only  discharge  by  return  to  the  old 
pathway  of  diligent  labor  and  aelf-denying 
economy.  It  is  a  weary  work,  after  one  haB 
fed  on  fancies  and  dreamed  of  no  labor  but  the 
waving  of  a  magical  wand,  to  return  to  the  toil 
of  the  plow,  the  sledge,  or  even  to  the  tiring 
monotony  of  merchandising.  And  yet  the  re- 
turn must  be  made,  and  happy  is  he  who  soonest 
takes  the  hint.  For  years  we  have  been  living 
in  an  atmosphere  of  venture  and  groat  under- 
takings. Thus  our  whole  industrial  life  has 
been  tinged  more  or  less  with  refracted  light, 
and  not  illumined  with  the  clear  white  gleam 
of  labor  and  its  rewards.  During  the  last  few 
years  we  have  been  suffering  from  the  collapse 
of  great  hollow  ideas  which  inflated  our  brains 
until  our  skulls  seemed  nigh  to  bursting.  Now 
the  wrecks  of  industrial  fallacies  seem  to  be 
clearing  away  before  the  returning  tide  of  truth, 
and  there  is  hope  for  the  return  of  the  good  and 
enduring  prosperity  of  earlier  daya. 

The  world's  history  is  a  long  tribute  to  the 
virtues  of  industry  and  economy,  and  a  warn- 
ing against  their  opposites.  The  experience  of 
this  last  era  when  it  shall  be  written,  will  but 
strengthen  the  old  truth.  It  will  point  the 
true  course  to  nations  and  to  individuals.  It  is 
a  hopeful  sign  for  the  future  of  California's  in- 
dustries that  the  lesson  is  being  widely  learned. 
The  arts  of  production  were  never  more  closely 
studied  than  now,  for  it  is  a  vital  point  that 

*  "The  Stagnation  of  Trade,  and  lt«  Cause,"  by  Prof. 
Bonamy  Price,  in  North  American  Revttw,  for  Juna. 


wastes  shall  bo  stopped  and  effective  work  pro- 
moted. Let  our  industries  now  have  their 
proper  place  in  the  minds  of  the  people.  Let 
the  deluding  thrall  of  specious  schemes  pass 
away.  Let  us  come  down  to  the  soil,  the  min- 
eral, the  metal,  assured  that  though  the  steps  be 
hard  aud  the  progress  slow,  we  are  in  the  true 
path  which  will  lead  us  away  from  the  debris 
of  exploded  fallacies  into  the  free  open  field  of 
honest  effort  and  temperate  living.  By  this 
Bign  we  shall  conquer;  and  California  will  ere 
long  be  known,  not  as  the  land  of  great  Ulu- 
aions,  but  as  the  home  of  a  labor-loving,  economi- 
cal and  prosperous  people — a  land  living  no 
longer  in  the  memory  of  an  illustrious  past,  but 
in  the  realization  of  a  more  glorious  present,  and 
cherishing  the  hope  of  a  future  beyond  anything 
we  now  can  know. 

Eastern  Money  and  Western  Mines. 

In  so  far  as  such  fact  can  be  supposed  to  have 
any  significance,  the  adoption  of  a  new  Consti- 
tution  by  the  people  of  California  has  not  de- 
terred Eastern  capitalists  from  investing  in  our 
mines.  Hardly  ever  has  the  business  of  buy- 
ing, bonding  or  otherwise  dealing  in  theBe  prop- 
erties been  more  active  than  of  late.  There  is, 
as  we  well  know,  much  idle  capital  in  eastward 
lying  countries.  The  money  repositories  there 
are  replete  with  unemployed  funds.  Investors 
are  casting  about  for  ventures  that  promise 
security  coupled  with  a  fairly  profitable  issue. 
They  regard  our  gold  and  silver  mines  with 
favor.  But  their  experience  in  the  mines  of  the 
far  west  has  not  always  been  happy.  They 
have  now  and  again  met  with  financial  reverses 
off  this  way.  So  they  have  grown  a  little  more 
chary  than  at  first.  They  are  willing  to  embark 
their  means  freely  in  mining,  but  they  insist  on 
having  properties  of  merit  in  return,  and  in  this 
requirement  we  trust  there  will  be  no  letting 
up.  On  this  point  we  hope  they  will  show 
themselves  exacting  — inexorable.  There  are 
plenty  of  first-class  mines  in  this  country  for 
sale  at  moderate  prices.  It  is  just  as  easy  to 
obtain  a  good  one  as  a  poor  one,  of  which  latter 
there  have  been  too  many  already  palmed  off  on 
the  Eastern  public. 

Among  recent  transactions  of  really  sterling 
properties,  we  note  the  sale  of  the  Taylor  Flat 
hydraulic  mines  with  water  franchise,  etc.,  to 
moneyed  men  in  Indianapolis,  United  States' 
Treasurer  New,  being  one  of  the  two  or  three 
purchasers.  This  property  is  situated  in  Trinity 
Gounty  and  is  highly  spoken  of  by  those 
acquainted  with  it.  The  Buckeye  water  and 
hydraulic  company,  owners  of  extensive  gold- 
bearing  gravel  lands,  ditches,  water  rights,  etc., 
also  in  Trinity,  have  just  obtained  in  the  East 
the  large  sum  of  money  necessary  for  extend- 
ing their  main  ditch  to  its  principal  source  of 
water  supply,  for  finishing  the  long  bedrock 
tunnel  now  in  progress  and  otherwise  putting 
their  grounds  in  good  shape  for  the  heavy  and 
profitable  production  that  awaits  a  resumption 
of  operations. 

Samuel  Leet,  of  Oakland,  has  just  completed 
the  sale  of  a  large  hydraulic  property  located  on 
the  Forest  Hill  divide,  Placer  county,  for  the 
sum  of  half  a  million  dollars,  one-fifth  of  which 
has  been  paid  down.  The  buyers  reside  in  the 
East  and  have  made  a  good  purchase.  The 
gravel  here  is  of  excellent  quality  and  great 
depth.  The  mine  has  been  opened  and  equipped, 
has  ample  outlet,  water  supply,  etc.  The  Ward 
silver  mine,  in  the  Reese  River  country,  has 
also  changed  hands  of  late,  and  will  be  worked 
by  Eastern  capital.  This  mine,  which  lies  in 
the  rich  mineral  belt  that  has  given  distinction 
to  Lander  Hill,  has  a  singular  history.  Having 
been  located  at  the  time  of  the  Reese  River  ex- 
citement, it  was  considered  for  a  while  one  of 
the  most  promising  properties  in  that  locality, 
the  croppings  carrying  ore  of  an  exceeding  high 
grade.  These  rich  surface  deposits  having  been 
hurriedly  worked  out,  the  locators  abandoned 
the  claim,  which  was  neglected  until  recently, 
when  a  miner  named  Thomas  Ward  took  it  up, 
had  it  recorded  and  went  to  work  upon  it. 
After  sinking  but  a  short  distance  the  rich  ore 
came  in  again,  and  following  it,  the  owner,  who 
had  not  a  dollar  at  the  start,  has  since  taken 
out  enough  ore  to  make  him  a  tolerably  rich 
man.  The  last  lot  of  ore  extracted  by  him, 
amounting  to  232  tons,  yielded  at  the  Man- 
hattan mill  a  gross  product  of  $104,000,  being 
an  average  of  more  than  $400  per  ton.  The  ore 
body  is  Bhaping  for  a  large  deposit,  and  this  is 
now  regarded  the  moat  promising  property  on 
Lander  Hill.  The  new  owners  have  commenced 
a  deep  exploratory  and  working  shaft,  and  taken 
other  ateps  looking  to  systematic  and  thorough 
development  as  well  as  the  extensive  benefici- 
atiugof  the  ores,  sucbaa  the  erection  of  hoisting 
works,  mills,  furnaces,  etc. 

We  hear  of  many  other  similar  aales  to  par- 
ties abroad,  the  details  of  which  we  will  take 
pains  to  collect  for  early  publication,  and 
which  tend  to  show  that  confidence  in  the  value 
of  mining  properties  on  this  coast  has  not  of 
late  suffered  impairment  in  the  estimation  of 
Eastern  investors.  Not  only  in  the  purchase  of 
mining  properties  does  this  well-suatained  con- 
fidence manifest  itself,  but  also  in  the  purchase 
of  mining  shares,  many  of  the  orders  for  which 
come  from  the  East.  Heavy  deposits  on  East- 
ern account  have  also  been  made  in  our  city 
banks,  these  funds  to  be  disbursed  in  purchase 
of  mining  stocks.  The  shar-ea  of  several  of  our 
more  prominent  minea,  such  aa  the  Standard, 
Bulwer,  Bodie,  etc.,  are  meeting  with  larf -  - 
at  the  New  York  mining  board,  where  t*- 
not  only  weU  received,  but  teem  to  b« 
favorites. 


368 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS 


[June  7,  1879. 


W.  B.  EWER Senior  Editor. 


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SAN   FRANCISCO: 
Saturday  Morning,   June   7,   1879. 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 

EDITORIALS.— The  Discovery  of  Gold  in  India; 
A  Breezy  Time  and  a  Booming  Market,  361.  The 
Week;  The  Robertson  Process;  The  Manhattan  Mine 
and  its  Management,  368.  Electricity  vb.  Gas;  Min- 
eral Veins  and  Deposits;  San  Xavier  del  Bac;  The  Se- 
cret of  Industrial  Success;  Eastern  Moneyand  Western 
Mines,  369.  Patents  and  Inventions;  Notices  of  Re- 
cent Patents,  372. 

ILLUSTRATIONS  —Gold  Mining  in  India,  361. 
The  Mission  of  Sau  Xaviej:  del  Bac,  near  Tuscon,  Ari- 
zona, 369. 

O  DRRBSPONDBNCE.— Working  Base  Ores  in  Utah; 
Letter  from  the  Comstock,  362. 

MECHANICAL  PROGRESS— Molds  and  Cores 
for  Casting  Steel;  Salt  in  the  Manufacture  of  Finished 
Iron;  Casting  Metals;  Improvements  in  Rolling  Steel 
Rails;  Hay-Burning  Cook  Stoves,  363. 

SCIENTIFIC  PROGRESS  -A  New  and  Impor- 
tant Mineral;  The  Velocity  of  Sound;  Note  on  Hiemocy- 
aniue;  Rock  Drilling  by  Electricity;  Scientific  Views  of 
Nature;  The  Phenomena  of  Animal  Phosphorescence; 
Plant  and  Animal  Life;  A  New  Theory  of  the  Nature  of 
Water;  Allotropism  in  Metals;  The  Blue  Flame  from 
Common  Salt,  363. 

MINING  STOCK  MARKET. -Sales  at  the  San 
Francisco,  California  and  Pacific  Stock  Boards,  Notices 
of  Assessments,  Meetings  and  Dividends,  364. 

MINING  SUMMARY  from  the  various  counties  of 
California,   Nevada  and  Arizona  365-72. 

USEFUL  INFORMATION. —Spontaneous  Com- 
bustion—Some Remarkable  Cases  and  their  Explana- 
tion; To  Detect  Gas  Escaping;  How  to  Grind  Edge 
Tools,  S67- 

GOOD  HEALTH.— Worth  Remembering;  A  Word 
to  Insurance  Officers;  Alum  in  Bread;  Treatment  for 
Distemper;  A  Cure  for  Poisoi  Oak;  Ozone  in  Relation 
to  Health;  Eucalyptus  for  Cold  in  the  Head,  367. 

MISCELLANEOUS— The  Horn  Silver  Mine;  Re- 
locating Mining  Claims;  History  or  the  Yellow  Jacket 
Shaft  362.  On  Certain  Much-Abused  Mollusks;  Down 
the  Columbia  to  the  Sea;  The  Robertson  Process,  366. 
The  Winnetnucea  and  Oregon  Railroad;  Cajon  Pass 
Coal;  The  Utah  Northern  Railroad,  367- 

NEWS  IN  BRIEF  on  page  372  and  other  pages. 

Business   Announcements. 

Mackinnon  Pen,  the  new  Writing  Instrument. 
Paul's  Americanized  Arastra,  A.  B.  Paul,  S.  F. 


The  Week. 

The  steadily-increasing  excitement  in  mining 
Bharea,  the  continued  encouraging  reporta  of 
new  and  extensive  finds,  and  the  bustle  atten. 
dant  on  the  cleaning  up  and  closing  down  of  so 
many  mines  for  the  season,  is  awakening  re- 
doubled interest  in  the  work,  and  casting  a 
brighter  and  more  encouraging  glow  over  the 
whole  field  of  mining  interests.  In  California, 
Inyo  reports  fine  prospects  in  the  Modoc,  and 
Bpeaks  an  encouraging  word  for  the  once  famous 
Panamint  mines;  Bodie  district  is  rising  in 
favor  so  fast  that  her  developments  cannot  keep 
pace  with  the  inflation;  Nevada  and  Placer  are 
closing  up  as  necessity  compels,  and  the  sound 
of  their  picks  is  gradually  giving  way  to  the 
chink  of  their  bullion.  Siskiyou  is  coming 
bravely  to  the  front  as  a  mineral  producer,  and 
prospectors  are  largely  flocking  in  upon  her. 

From  Nevada  we  have  the  same  old  promise 
held  out  of  "splendid  indications"  in  the  Corn- 
stocks,  but  as  yet  we  fail  to  grasp  the  reality. 
Oregon  is  blessed  with  a  new  lease  of  life  in  the 
abundance  of  her  recent  rains.  Conflicting 
reports  come  to  us  from  Idaho  as  to  the  real 
value,  the  actual  worth,  of  the  Snake  River  and 
other  placers.  The  newspaper  factions  are 
about  equally  divided  on  the  question,  one  side 
being  bitterly  denunciatory  and  the  other  as 
loud  in  their  praise.  Evidently  these  are  not 
"poor-men's"  mines,  for  without  use  of  the 
co3tly  "  plate  "  machines  no  profit  whatever  is 
obtainable.  This  may  explain  the  controversy. 
In  Colorado  the  still  discouraging  reports  from 
Leadville  are  more  than  balanced  by  the  bril- 
liant outlook  at  Silver  Cliff  and  Ten  Mile. 
Finally,  Utah  has  severely  suffered  in  the  de- 
struction of  Silver  Reef  by  fire. 

The  promised  discoveries  in  electric  light 
seem  not  to  have  alarmed  the  holders  of  London 
gas  stocks,  shares  in  which  have  not  greatly 
depreciated  nor  changed  hands  of  late. 


The  Robertson  Process. 

The  Robertson  process  is  the  latest  aspirant 
for  public  favor  in  the  metallurgical  line,  and 
is  now  attracting  great  attention,  as  all  such 
things  do  at  first.  Many  persons  believe  in  it 
thoroughly,  and  think  it  destined  to  "create  a 
revolution  in  the  processes  of  ore  reduction,"  a 
conventional  phrase  which  has  been  applied  to 
every  process  yet  attempted  which  gave  the 
slightest  signs  of  success.  Others  again  say 
there  is  nothing  in  it  whatever;  that  it  does  not 
do  what  is  claimed  for  it;  and  that  in  six  months 
it  will  only  be  classed  with  the  numerous  fail- 
ures in  the  same  line  of  which  so  many  have 
been  chronicled.  In  order  that  our  readers  may 
know  exactly  what  Mr.  Robertson  claims  for 
his  process,  we  give  a  copy  of  the  patent,  which 
is  worded  as  follows: 

The  object  of  my  invention  is  to  perform  in 
a  single  operation  what  has  required  two  or 
three  operations,  and  much  time  to  effect  in  the 
process  of  extracting  precious  metals  from  re- 
bellious ores — that  is  to  say,  by  thoroughly 
desulphurizing  the  ore  and  bringing  the  pre- 
cious metal  to  a  condition  to  amalgamate  freely, 
aggregating  the  same,  and  freeing  it  entirely 
from  the  influence  and  union  with  the  base 
metals. 

To  effect  this  object  I  place  a  vat  or  receiver 
of  sufficient  capacity  to  hold  the  ore  of  the  most 
convenient  quantity  for  a  single  operation — say 
one  ton — and  immerse  the  same  in  a  quantity  of 
water  sufficient  to  cover  it.  The  required  quan- 
tity of  salt  to  make  a  thick  brine,  or  as  much 
as  can  be  held  in  solution  with  the  same,  is 
then  used,  adding  thereto  about  one-half  pound 
of  cyanide  of  potassium  and  one-half  pound  of 
sulphate  of  copper,  forming  a  solution  of  salt 
and  cyanide  of  potassium  in  the  above  described 
manner.  The  ton  or  other  desired  quantity  of 
ore  is  slowly  heated  to  a  red  heat,  and  after- 
ward plunged,  while  red-hot,  into  the  aforesaid 
solution,  the  ore  being  broken  up  to  about  the 
same  size  that  it  is  T>roken  for  milling.  By 
bringing  the  ore  in  contact  with  the  solution  it 
becomes  thoroughly  desulphuriaed. 

The  entire  operation  of  desulphurizing  and 
disintegrating  fcthe  quartz  and  sulphurets  is  al- 
most instantaneous. 

Iron  pyrites  and  sulphurets  generally  are 
reduced  to  a  very  fine  flour  or  almost  impalpable 
powder,  aud  the  quartz  is  disintegrated,  that 
it  may  be  readily  picked  to  pieces  with 
the  hands,  and  requires  so  little  rubbing 
that  it  may  be  readily  prepared  for  amalgama- 
tion in  an  ordinary  amalgamating-pan. 

The  action  of  the  cyanide  of  potassium,  in 
connection  with  the  sulphate  of  copper,  cleans, 
brightens,  and  immediately  prepares  the  pre- 
cious metals,  for  amalgamation  with  the  quick- 
silver, no  matter  how  fine  and  impalpable  the 
same  may  be. 

The  solution  composed  of  the  above  ingre- 
dients, and  the  manner  of  treating  the  ore  pre- 
vious to  its  being  brought  in  contact  with  the 
same,  render  the  operation  of  extracting  the 
precious  metals  from  the  ore  very  simple  and 
effectual,  and  accomplish  it  in  a  very  short 
time. 

The  claim  allowed  by  the  Patent  Office  on 
the  process  is  as  follows: 

'  'The  process  of  separating  precious  metals 
from  the  ore  by  heating  the  ore  to  a  red  heat, 
and  afterward  plunging  it  into  a  solution  of  salt, 
sulphate  of  copper  and  cyanide  of  potassium  in 
about  the  proportions  set  forth." 

There  is  nothing  particularly  new  in  this  pro- 
cess except  the  plunging  of  the  heated  ore  into 
the  special  solution  named.  If  heated  and 
plunged  into  any  other  suitable  solution  the 
patent  would  be  avoided.  The  disintegration 
of  rock  by  throwing  it  into  water  or  throwing 
water  upon  it,  is  "as  old  as  the  hills."  When 
Hannibal  crossed  the  Alps,  in  the  year  218  B. 
C,  we  are  told  by  Livy  and  Polybius,  that  he 
"blasted"  his  way  through  difficult  passes,  by 
building  fires  against  the  rocks  and  then  throw- 
ing the  acid  lees  or  dregs  of  the  soldiers'  wine 
on  the  heated  rocks,  thus  Blacking  or  disinte- 
grating them,  repeating  the  operation  until  the 
passage  was  formed.  A  patent  was  filed  in  the 
United  States  Patent  Office  in  1863,  on  the  ap- 
plication and  the  use  of  the  cyanides  in  extract- 
ing gold  and  silver  from  their  ores;  and  in  the 
same  patent  there  is  a  clause  on  the  combina- 
tion of  mercury,  salt  and  sulphate  of  copper. 
In  1864  a  patent  was  obtained,  in  which  the 
ore  was  reduced  to  a  powder,  preparatory  to 
separating  the  metal  by  subjecting  it,  as  taken 
from  the  quarry,  to  the  action  of  the  heat  long 
enough  to  drive  off  the  sulphur,  when  it  is  sud- 
denly cooled,  while,  in  a  highly  heated 
state,  by  being  let  fall  into  a  vessel  contain- 
ing water,  or  preferably  dilute  sulphuric  or 
other  acid,  whereby  it  was  caused  to  crack  or 
crumble  into  atoms.  The  claims  in  the  pro- 
cess were:  1.  The  process  of  treating  ores  con- 
sisting in  heating,  quenching,  grinding  and 
amalgamating.  2.  Precipitating  the  heated 
ore  directly  from  the  kiln  into  a  bath  of  acidu- 
lated liquid  previous  to  the  grinding  operation. 

Again,  in  1865,  a  patent  was  granted  in  which 
ore  was  subjected  to  a  high  heat  and  then  sud- 
denly cooled  in  an  alkaline  solution.  The  ore 
was  again  then  heated  and  cooled,  and  if  not 
sufficiently  disintegrated,  the  operation  was 
repeated.  The  claim  on  this  patent  was,  "1st., 
the  application  of  treating  rock  or  ores  while  in 
a  heated  state  with  an  alkaline  solution,  for  the 
purpose  of  partial  disintegration,  desulphuriza- 
tion  and  oxidation  of  the  same."    The  3d  claim . 


was  for  re- treating  to  effect  a  complete  disintegra- 
tion, oxidation  and  desulphurization.  Another 
patent  in  the  same  year  consists  in  heating  the 
ore  to  a  high  degree  and  cooling  it  suddenly  in 
a  solution  of  salt  and  water,  and  repeating  the 
process.  The  claim  on  this  was  '  'the  applica- 
tion of  treating  rock  or  ores  while  in  a  heated 
state  with  a  saline  solution,  for  the  purpose  of 
disintegration,  desulphurization  and  oxidation 
of  the  Bame. " 

Other  methods  of  a  similar  character  are  de- 
scribed in  books  of  reference,  which  we  have 
not  space  to  mention.  An  application  for  a 
patent  was  made  by  some  gentlemen  in  this  city 
in  1874  for  a  process  of  reducing  ores  by  heating 
them  to  a  red  heat  and  while  in  that  condition 
plunging  them  into  a  solution  of  salt  and  cyan- 
ide of  potassium.  This  application  was  rejected, 
no  patent  being  allowed,  as  the  Patent  Office 
saw  nothing  new  in  the  process.  Still,  Robert- 
son does  the  same,  simply  adding  sulphate  of 
copper,  and  procures  the  patent,  as  this  particu- 
lar solution  had  not  been  patented  for  the  pur- 
pose. The  persons  referred  to  filed  caveats  last 
year  on  an  improved  solution,  and,  we  are  in- 
formed, propose  to  sue  Robertson  for  infringing 
on  their  rights.  This  iB  their  own  concern, 
however,  and  we  know  nothing  of  the  merits  of 
the  controversy. 

The  use  of  salt,  sulphate  of  copper  and  cyan 
ide  of  potassium  in  working  ores  is  common  in 
various  ways,  and  Robertson's  patent  covers 
only  his  special  way  of  treating  the  ores  in  the 
particular  solution. 

We  simply  cite  the  examples  above  given  to 
show  that  the  new  process  is  not  a  radical 
change  on  those  previously  tried.  Very  few 
of  these  processes  survive  that  infantile  period 
in  which  only  small  samples  of  ore  are  treated. 
Fryer  was  to  "create  a  revolution,"  but  didn't. 
The  treatment  of  copper  ores  by  marsh  gas 
worked  in  this  city  on  a  small  scale,  well;  but 
after  works  costing  $60,000  were  put  up  a 
couple  of  years  ago,  the  whole  thing  failed. 

The  Robertson  process  has  now  reached  the 
more  crucial  stage,  when  large  quantities  re- 
quire to  be  treated,  and  which  has  so  generally 
proved  fatal  to  this  class  of  experiments.  Hav- 
ing successfully  managed  the  traditional  pound 
of  ore,  it  is  now  called  upon  to  handle  tons. 
That  it  can  do  this  the  inventor  claims,  as  some 
who  have  witnessed  its  operations  are  prepared 
to  admit.  Others,  however,  and  among  them 
very  competent  judges,  give  it  as  their  opinion 
that  this  process  fails  when  tested  on  a  large 
scale. 

Since  the  above  was  written,  Mr.  Taylor,  a 
miner  and  metallurgist  of  large  experience  and 
of  good  professional  repute,  is  out  in  a  letter  to 
the  Aita,  wherein  he  gives  the  results  of  his 
examination  into  the  merits  of  the  Robertson 
process,  which  he  pronounces  a  failure.  His 
statement  is  to  the  following  purport: 

Having  sent  one  pound  of  Meadow  Lake  ore 
to  Mr.  Robertson  to  be  tested  by  his  process,  he 
got  a  return  of  about  §50  per  ton,  nearly  all 
that  was  in  it.  Encouraged  by  this  result,  he 
took  to  Mr.  Robertson  several  pounds  of  the 
same  ore,  to  have  it  treated  in  his  presence, 
which  was  done,  the  mode  of  procedure  being 
essentially  as  we  have  described  it  in  the 
patent.  The  ore  was  broken  into  walnut-sized 
pieces,  heated  in  a  common  assay  furnace,  and 
dropped  into  the  bath,  which  it  was  alleged  de- 
stroyed all  the  base  metal;  all  that  remained  to 
be  done  being  to  pulverize  the  ore,  when  the 
gold  would  readily  amalgamate. 

Taking  the  samples  so  treated,  Mr.  Taylor 
found  it  impossible  to  get  from  them  even  a 
trace  of  gold,  the  iron  sulphurets  remaining 
nearly  in  their  natural  condition.  Being  dis- 
satisfied with  this  result,  he  wrote  to  Mr.  Rob- 
ertson, asking  him  to  give  him  an  opportunity 
to  test  the  process  on  a  larger  scale,  but  as  this 
request  received  no  attention,  he  concluded  the 
inventor  did  not  desire  to  have  his  plan  tried 
in  the  manner  proposed.  In  the  letter  to  the 
Alia,  Mr.  Taylor  goes  on  to  explain  what  he 
considers  the  defects  of  Robertson's  method, 
and  gives  his  own  views  as  to  the  best  methods 
of  treating  base  ores.  With  this,  however,  we 
have  nothing  to  do,  our  object  being  simply  to 
describe  the  new  (?)  process,  and  those  of  simi- 
lar character  previously  used. 

Mr.  Robertson  has  tested  various  lots  of  ores 
to  the  satisfaction  of  the  parties  concerned,  and 
those  thus  convinced  of  the  efficacy  of  the  pro- 
cess will,  very  properly,  try  it  still  further.  As 
far  as  the  science  of  the  process  is  concerned,  it 
makes  very  little  difference,  provided  the  results 
accomplished  are  satisfactory;  and  all  anyone 
couldsay  concerning  it  would  not  convince  those 
who  had  been  successful  with  it,  that  the  process 
was  crude,  unscientific  and  useless.  Those, 
however,  who  have  had  no  opportunity  of  see-* 
ing  ore  worked  under  the  proper  conditions,  in 
the  presence  of  uninterested  persons,  will  con- 
tinue to  doubt  Mr.  Robertson's  ability  to  suc- 
cessfully beneficiate  rebellious  ores,  until  it  is 
done  on  a  sufficiently  large  scale  and  with  a 
suitable  class  of  ores,  to  remove  it  from  the 
ranks  of  metallurgical  experiments,  and  success- 
fully placed  beyond  the  reach  of  criticism. 


Mechanics'  Fair  Prizes. — The  Board  of 
Directors  of  the  Mechanics'  Institute  met  on 
Tuesday  and  decided  that  at  their  next  fair, 
which  is  to  open  at  the  Mechanics'  pavilion  on 
the  5th  of  August  next,  but  one  prize  would  be 
given  for  the  best  general  exhibit,  and  several 
cash  prizes  for  the  best  exhibition  of  flowers, 
fruits,  vegetables,  etc.  The  season  tickets  will 
be  of  the  same  description  as  those  used  at  the 
last  exhibition, 


The  Manhattan  Mine  and  Its  Manage- 
ment. 

The  holders  of  the  Manhattan  mining  com* 
pany's  stock  are  becoming  restive  under  a  pol- 
icy that  calls  for  assessments  where  dividends 
were  promised,  and,  as  is  generally  believed, 
ought  to  be  paid.  We  have  lately  received  a 
number  of  letters,  mostly  from  Eastern  share- 
holders, making  inquiry  about  this  mine,  ita 
management,  prospects,  etc.;  the  writers  ex- 
plaining  that  they  can  get  no  reliable  or  at  least 
satisfactory  information  from  official  sources. 
In  answer  to  these  inquiries  we  can  only  t 
our  knowledge  of  this  mine,  its  condition,  pros- 
pects and  conduct  are  general  and  indefinite, 
and  not  by  any  means  of  that  full  and  precise 
kind  that  these  parties  seem  to  require.  The 
Manhattan  mine,  or  rather  mines,  for  the  com- 
pany own  a  number  of  distinct  lodes,  is  situated 
at  Austin,  in  the  Reese  River  district,  Lander 
county,  Nevada.  The  lodes  here,  though  very 
narrow  and  incased  in  granite,  occupy  regular 
fissures.  They  have  a  generally  north  and  south 
trend,  lie  close  together  and  for  the  most  part 
are  very  rich,  the  ores  being  of  the  chloride  va- 
riety above,  with  sulphuret  or  antimonial  ores 
below  the  water  line.  Owing  to  the  narrowness 
of  the  lodes,  the  hardness  of  the  country  rock 
and  the  high  prices  of  lumber,  ore  extraction 
here  as  depth  is  reached  becomes  rather  costly. 
Ore  reduction  is  also  expensive,  recourse  to  roast- 
ing being  necessary  and  fuel  always  dear.  High 
prices,  in  fact,  generally  prevail  here,  the  bulk 
of  supplies  including  lumber,  requiring  to  be 
imported,  and  the  camp  being  nearly  a  hundred 
miles  from  the  railroad.  Bullion  cannot  there- 
fore be  made  as  cheaply  in  this  Reese  River 
country  as  in  many  other  parts  of  Nevada. 

On  the  other  hand,  as  before  remarked,  the 
ores  about  Austin  are  mostly  of  good  quality, 
very  little  being  worked  that  contains  by  assay 
less  than  $200  to  the  ton.  Most  of  the  ore 
treated  mills  that  amount.  For  a  series  of  years 
the  ores  handled  by  the  Manhattan  company 
have  yielded  at  about  that  rate.  Despite  heavy 
current  expenditures  their  profits  have,  there- 
fore, been  large;  so  large,  that  for  a  long  period 
they  were  enabled  to  and  did  pay  liberal  and 
uninterrupted  dividends.  Why  these  dividends 
have  ceased  and  assessments  been  substituted 
in  their  place  is  not  apparent  to  the  outsider. 
The  mines,  for  all  the  public  knows  to  the  con- 
trary, continue  to  look  well.  We  are  informed 
of  no  vein  pinching  or  exhaustion  of  the  ore 
bodies.  The  same  quantity  of  ore  is  being 
raised  and  milled  now  as  aforetime,  and  we  do 
not  hear  that  the  ores  have  grown  more  rebel- 
lious or  suffered  impoverishment.  The  legiti- 
mate outlays  of  the  company  have  not  lately 
been  increased.  Cost  of  labor  and  supplies 
tends  constantly  to  lower  figures.  The  Man- 
hattan management  took  occasion  not  long  since 
to  congratulate  themselves  on  some  savings  ef- 
fected through  recourse  to  the  tribute  system 
for  extracting  their  ores.  Not  rightly  should 
outgoes  be  any  larger  with  them  now  than  they 
were  last  year  or  the  year  before.  They  Bhould 
be  less.  Will  they  explain  then  how  it  is  that 
they  are  unable  now  to  make  net  earnings,  aa 
formerly  ?  We  mean,  explain  this  in  a  fair  and 
satisfactory  way,  for  the  reasons  assigned  by 
them  can  hardly  be  accepted  as  either.  If  they 
have  debts  to  pay,  as  they  allege,  when  were 
these  debts  created,  and  to  whom,  and  for  what 
are  they  due  ?  And  why  were  they  not  paid 
before  the  shares  of  the  company  were  worked 
off  on  purchasers  ignorant  of  their  existence  ? 
As  for  the  discount  on  silver,  that  is  no  greater 
now  nor  yet  so  great  as  in  times  past,  and 
forms  a  very  lame  excuse  for  the  present  failure 
to  make  profits  from  the  mine. 

Are  the  directors  of  the  Manhattan  company 
quite  sure  that  there  is  not  something  wrong 
about  this  business  ?  Do  they  know  as  a  matter 
of  fact  that  there  has  not  been  a  job  put  up  here 
to  deceive  and  swindle  these  complainants  ? 
Such  things  have  been  done  before.  _  The 
managers  of  these  properties  have  a  habit  of 
engineering  them  into  a  prosperity  that  will 
enable  large  holders  to  unload  their  shares  on 
the  public  at  high  figures,  and  then,  through 
the  levying  of  assessments,  bring  about  such  a 
decline  in  prices  that  these  shares  can  be 
gathered  in  at  mere  nominal  rates.  As  a  sus- 
picion of  any  such  purpose  on  the  part  of  these 
directors,  even  though  unfounded,  would  tend 
to  damage  their  good  names,  they  should  hasten 
to  explain  just  how  it  is  that  the  Manhattan 
mine  cannot  now  pay  dividends  as  it  did  before, 
and  more  especially  how  this  property,  without 
having  been  crippled  in  its  productive  capacities 
or  otherwise  undergone  any  deterioration,  has 
been  converted  from  a  self-sustaining,  profit- 
earning  institution  into  a  stipendary  on  the 
stockholders. 

Mineral  Resources  of  Japan. — Deposits  of 
petroleum  have  long  been  known  to  exist  in 
Japan,  but  they  were  not,  until  recently,  util- 
ized, that  people  not  being  able  to  refine  it. 
Having  learned  how  to  prepare  it  for  burning, 
they  have  gone  extensively  into  the  business 
and  will  now  be  likely  to  make  enough  for  their 
own  use,  thereby  somewhat  restricting  the  out- 
let for  the  American  article.  They  have  also 
started  in  to  work  their  gold,  silver  and  copper 
mines,  which  for  ages  had  been  much  neglected, 
though  they  are  quite  numerous  aud  with  the 
aid  of  improved  machinery  and  methods,  can 
probably  be  worked  with  profit. 


June  7,  1879.J 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


369 


Electricity  vs.  Gas. 

A  visit  to  the  busy  establishment  of  Messrs. 
Goas  &  Adams,  114  Beale  street,  machinists  and 
founders,  manufacturers  of  the  justly  renowned 
"Corliss"  engine,  disclosed  the  fact  that  active 
preparations  are  being  made  to  light  Kearny 
street  by  electricity.  It  was  originally  intended 
to  use  a  100-horse  power  Corliss  engine,  but  now 
there  is  serious  talk  of  increasing  the  capacity 
all  the  way  from  100  to  500-horse  power. 

Mr.  Adams  can  demonstrate  clearly  the  econ- 
omy in  the  use  of  the  Corliss  engine,  the  sav- 
ing being  at  least  12%  over  that  of  any  other 
engine  of  the  same  capacity.  That  it  takes  the 
lead  in  all  large  manufactories  in  the  Eastern 
States  where  economy  is  sought,  proves  its 
claims  to  be  just. 

Mr.  A.  states  that  he  put  a  300-horse  power 
Corliss  engine  in  the  Savage  mine,  which  kept 
the  water  out  and  consumed  only  17  cords  of 
wood  per  day,  while  another  engine  of  the 
same  capacity  in  the  same  mine  consumed  from 
30  to  40  cords  of  wood  per  day,  and  then  could 
not  keep  the  water  down.  The  question  of 
economy  is  an  important  one  in  electric  manipu- 
lations. 

A  visit  to  the  \Ve3tern  Electric  Light  Com- 
pany at  412  Market  street,  found  Mr.  W.  H. 
MUliken  the  engineer  in  charge.  The  Gramme 
machine  and  Siemens  regulator  will  be  used 
to  generate  electricity.  This  company  proposes 
to  put  28  public  lights  on  Kearny  street,  four 
to  every  block.  The  Jablochkoff  light  will  be 
used  —  each  one  of  which  has  a  lighting 
capacity  of  1,000  sperm  candles — requiring 
one-horse  power  for  every  light.  The  Siemens 
regulator  will  require  from  four  to  six-horse 
power  for  every  6,000  and  12,000  candle  light. 
Half  ground  globes,  will  be  used  in  place  of  the 
objectionable  opal  globes  used  in  Paris.  Mr. 
MUliken  declares  that  10  cents  worth  of  labor 
and  fuel  will  produce  more  light  by  electricity 
than  $3  expended  in  the  same  direction  for  gas. 
Milton  S.  Latham  as  President,  J.  Clem  Uhler, 
Secretary,  and  S.  D.  Field,  Superintendent  of 
this  company,  give  every  assurance  to  the  pub- 
lic that  success  will  be  attained.  Mr.  Latham 
18  now  in  New  York  making  final  arrangements 
for  generators,  and  is  negotiating  with  Edison 
for  the  latest  improvements. 

Mr.  MUliken  is  engaged  in  perfecting  a  means 
of  storing  electricity,  an  invention  which  will  be 
made  public  as  soon  as  the  patent,  already  ap- 
plied for,  is  granted. 

Mineral  Veins  and  Deposits. 

Our  attention  having  been  called  to  the  read- 
ing of  "  A  Contribution  to  the  History  of  Min- 
eral Veins,"  by  John  Arthur  Phillips,  before 
the  Geological  Society  of  London,  at  their  very 
recent  meeting,  of  the  30th  of  April,  1879,  we 
deem  it  but  fair  to  our  local  author,  J.  S. 
Phillips,  to  state  that  he  has  published  and 
strenuously  endeavored  to  prove  the  same  ideas 
in  his  1st  and  2d  editions  of  the  "Explorers', 
Miners'  and  Metallurgists'  Companion"  (a  book 
of  672  octavo  pages)  more  than  nine  years  ago. 
This  author  took  especial  pains  to  favor  the 
idea,  above  all  others,  that  the  deep  and  conse- 
quently very  hot  aqueous  solutions  brought  up 
the  minerals  which  were  then  deposited  in  the 
more  shallow  colder  sections  of  the  veins;  and 
in  his  3d  edition,  now  being  slowly  passed 
through  the  press,  he  has  named  in  the  first 
part  of  the  book,  the  very  places  and  facta  of 
the  above  contribution  to  the  Geological  Society. 
Mr.  J.  S.  Phillips  is  a  close  observer,  and  has 
professionally  traveled  throughout  this  western 
region,  as  much  as  but  few  men,  and  in  addi- 
tion to  the  above  statements,  he  also  says: 
"There  are  very  many  warm  springs  in  these 
several  Western  States  of  the  United  States  of 
America,  which  are  depositing  the  matrices  of 
silica,  lime,  magnesia,  etc.,  with  small  quanti- 
ties of  the  ordinary  commercial  minerals;"  and 
in  another  "foot  note,"  he  extends  this  notion 
even  still  further  by  saying:  Before  closing 
these  chapters  on  mineral  veins  and  deposits,  I 
would  record  the  following  ideas,  which  may, 
some  day,  be  more  fully  recognized  and  estab- 
lished : 

* 'Organic  matter,  in  decomposing  condition,  is 
generally  present  in  silicic  acid  and  other  earthy 
solutions,  which,  when  passing  down  through 
the  veins  and  pockets,  may  serve  as  the  very 
important  reagent  for  simultaneously  releasing 
and  precipitating  the  silicia,  alumina,  lime, 
potash,  etc.,  with  the  gold,  silver  and  base 
minerals  upon  the  dualistic,  lamellose  aggrega- 
tions of  the  veins,  and  in  the  above  more  irreg- 
ular deposits;  in  a  manner  differing  only  from 
petrifactions,  by  the  equally  disseminated  weak 
solutions  of  organic  and  inorganic  elements, 
causing  the  cleaner  and  more  regular  quartz -like 
deposit. " 

This  3d  edition  of  Mr.  Phillips'  book  is  being 
now  printed  by  a  firm  immediately  adjoining 
our  own  printing  office,  and  we  know  that  these 
remarks  upon  the  properties  named,  and  such 
ideas  have  been  in  print  at  least  six  months; 
and  as  regard  the  theories,  the  1st  and  2d  edi- 
tions of  the  book  will  show  this  and  many 
other  new  theories  for  itself,  and  it  has  been 
largely  circulated,  not  only  here  but  in  Eng- 
land and  elsewnere. 

celebrated 


San  Xavier  del  Baa 

The  engraving  on  this  page  shows  an  old  Mis- 
sion near  one  of  the  oldest  towns  in  the  United 
States,  Tucson,  Arizona.  This  interesting  relic 
of  the  zeal  and  enterprise  of  the  padres  was 
photographed  by  Mr.  E.  Conklin,  and  an  en- 
graving from  the  photograph  appears  in  his 
"Picturesque  Arizona,"  published  by  the  "Con- 
tinent Stereoscopic  Co.,"  of  New  York  city. 
The  Mission  is  named  San  Xavier  del  Bac,  and 
although  nearly  200  years  old,  according  to  Mr. 
Conklin's  reckoning,  it  is  still  in  a  good  state  of 
preservation,  and  is  opened  for  religious  ser- 
vices to  the  natives,  "a  half -civilized  remnant 
of  a  mixture  of  the  Mexico-Indian  blood."  It 
is  the  best  preserved  Mission  ruin  in  the  Terri- 
tory, and  is  one  of  the  boldest  of  its  class  in 
design  and  most  elaborate  in  construction.  A 
recent  visitor  gives  a  description  of  the  structure, 
which  we  reproduce  to  accompany  the  engraving: 

Nine  miles  distant  from  Tucson,  down  the 
-■alley,  is  the  old  Mission  church  of  St.  Francis 
Xavier,  which  is  one  of  the  greatest  objects  of 
interest  in  the  country.  It  was  built  about  200 
years  ago  by  a  community  of  Franciscaus. 
Compared  with  a  majority  of  these  old  churches, 
it  is  in  a  good  state  of  preservation.  One  of 
the  turrets  is  gone,  but  the  belfry  still  stands, 
in  which  hang  four  or  five  bells  in  silver  cadence; 
the  others  having  been  either  carried  away  or 
stolen.  You  reach  the  belfry  by  a  narrow 
winding  stair,  built  in  the  solid  wall,  the  steps 
worn  into  deep  holes  and  depressions  by  ascend- 
ing and  descending  footsteps  in  years  gone  by. 
The  church  is  cruciform,  and  iB  an  immense  edi- 
fice, with  magnificent  arches,  and  with  really 
wonderful  acoustic  facilities.  Strange,  there 
was  not  a  nail  used  in  its  construction.  It  is 
built  of  a  peculiar  kind  of  cement,  hard  and 
resembling  granite.  The  art  of  making  it  is 
now  entirely  lost.     The   interior  is  elaborately 


The  Secret  of  Industrial  Success. 

We  lately  enjoyed  reading  an  article  by  an 
eminent  English  economist,  in  a  leading  Ameri- 
can review,"  in  which  great  problems  of  Buccesa 
and  failure  in  a  world's  trade  and  industry  were 
discussed.  As  we  proceeded  through  the 
writer's  careful  analysis  of  industrial  conditions 
in  all  the  great  nations,  and  drew  therefrom 
conclusions  pointing  to  the  causes  of  stagnation 
and  depression,  we  were  struck  more  forcibly 
than  ever  before  with  the  fact  that  success,  aud 
the  means  of  its  attainment,  are  essentially  the 
same,  whether  it  be  the  success  of  an  individual, 
or  of  a  nation  with  a  population  of  many  mil- 
lions. There  is  no  discovery  in  this  position; 
it  is  old  as  it  is  true;  aud  yet  we  are  too  prone 
to  look  upon  national  prosperity  as  something 
wholly  unlike  that  cf  an  individual — as  a  grand 
gift  from  some  higher  power,  and  not  as  a  con- 
dition of  affairs  affected  by  the  same  class  of 
causes  and  influences  as  those  which  shape  our 
own  life  successes.  And  yet  thus  it  is:  the 
truths  of  political  economy  like  other  great 
truths  cover  alike  the  great  and  the  small  in  life 
and  action,  and  bring  us  to  hardship  or  pros- 
perity according  to  our  deeds. 

It  is  not  our  purpose  to  follow  the  writer  in 
his  outline  of  causes  producing  the  depression 
which  has  been  felt  all  over  the  civilized  world. 
Rather  would  we  take  the  hint  which  the  writ- 
ing implies  and  draw  from  general  aud  wide- 
reaching  causes  some  special  lessons  for  in- 
dividual adoption.  It  is  shown  that  each  of 
the  great  nations,  which  are  now  struggling 
under  depressed  trade  and  unrequited  industry, 
has,  during  receut  years,  undertaken  some  wild 
and  unwise  line  of  expenditure  which  has  been 
greater  in  cost  than  the  surplus  earnings  of  the 
country,  and  has  trenched  upon  fixed  capital  in 
some  manner.  Relying  upon  markB  of  unusual 
prosperity,  nations  have  pushed  forward  extrav- 
agant schemes  which  soon  leaped  beyond  the 
limits  of  surplus   earnings  and   beyond   imme 


THE    MISSION    OF    SAN    XAVIER    DEL    BAC,    NEAR    TUCSON,    ARIZONA. 


Memorial   Day   was   generally 
throughout  the  country. 


ornamented  ;  the  paintings  and  colorings  upon 
the  walls  are  still  vivid  and  bright,  as  though 
recently  executed,  and  gorgeous  in  effect.  The 
altar-piece  and  several  other  pictures  are  evi- 
dently the  work  of  artists,  but  the  others,  which 
are  numerous,  were  done  by  pious  but  not  ar- 
tistic hands.  At  the  end  of  the  transept,  high 
up,  midway  between  the  floor  and  ceiling,  is  the 
most  ghastly  spectacle  imaginable.  A  cross  of 
huge  proportions  is  deeply  imbedded  in  the  wall, 
surrounded  by  rays  of  black,  or  dark  brown  and 
white.  The  body  once  extended  upon  it  has 
either  fallen  or  been  torn  down,  leaving  one 
arm,  lean  and  brown  as  that  of  a  mummy,  with 
bones  protruding,  nailed  to  the  arm  of  the  cross. 
It  is  a  spectacle  to  make  one  shudder  in  spite  of 
himself.  There  are  still  75  life-like  statues  of 
apostles  and  saints  left  standing  in  their  niches. 
Upon  the  faces  of  some  of  them  the  expression 
is  marvelous.  Some  have  fallen  down,  and 
others  are  mutilated  by  time  or  the  irreverent. 
They  all  show  skillful  workmanship,  and  must 
have  been  brought  by  the  fathers  from  Spain. 
The  gilding  over  and  above  the  main  altar  is 
still  very  heavy  and  rich.  The  main  altar  itself 
is  covered  with  beaten  virgin  gold,  taken  by  the 
monks  or  their  Indian  proselytes  from  the  mines. 
The  altar  service,  which  is  also  of  solid  gold, 
was  carried  away  a  few  years  ago  by  some  priests 
who  came  from  Mexico  for  the  purpose,  and 
there  are  but  two  small  vessels  left  to  show 
what  the  other  and  larger  pieces  must  have  been. 
There  are  still  some  of  the  rich  vestments  left, 
but  their  gorgeous  texture  is  marred  by  long 
service  and  abuse.  The  heavy  doors  are  made 
of  solid  wood  of  great  thickness,  which  is  joined 
together  in  panels  by  grooves.  The  large  outer 
doors  were  not  only  made  of  thick  timber,  but 
were  covered  by  thick  Bheets  of  copper,  pro- 
cured from  the  mines  and  smelted  by  the  monks 
themselves,  which,  in  conjunction  with  the  enor- 
mous bar  on  the  inBide,  make  them  impervious 
to  any  attack  from  their  savage  enemy.  In  con- 
nection with  the  church  is  the  monastery  or 
cloister,  and  within  the  surrounding  inclosure  is 
the  mortuary  chapel — a  huge  sepulcher,  where 
those  who  kept  their  vigils  and  toiled  in  a 
strange,  inhospitable  land  to  lead  into  the  paths 
of  peace  the  benighted  nations,  rest  from  their 
labors  and  are  forgotten. 


diate  productive  needs,  and  thus  have  burdens 
settled  down  heavily  upon  the  people,  repress- 
ing trade  and  checking  industry.  How  like  the 
history  of  many  individuals  is  this  chapter  from 
the  life  of  nations  ?  How  many  instances  do 
we  see  on  all  sides  where  men  have  refused  to 
make  their  actual  surpluses  some  measure  of 
their  new  ventures,  but  rather  have  yielded 
full  adherence  to  enterprises  and  projects 
which  gratified  their  fancies  or  blinded 
them  with  the  illusive  hope  of  some  great 
and  speedy  aggrandizement.  Following  these 
Bplendid  visions  of  easy  fortunes  by  fortunate 
stroke  rather  than  by  husbanding  of  labor's 
rewards,  they  have  borrowed  from  every  lender, 
and,  as  their  air  castles  vanished,  they  rind 
themselves  laden  with  great  weights  which 
they  can  only  discharge  by  return  to  the  old 
pathway  of  diligent  labor  and  self-denying 
economy.  It  is  a  weary  work,  after  one  has 
fed  on  fancies  and  dreamed  of  no  labor  but  the 
waving  of  a  magical  wand,  to  return  to  the  toil 
of  the  plow,  the  sledge,  or  even  to  the  tiring 
monotony  of  merchandising.  And  yet  the  re- 
turn must  be  made,  and  happy  is  he  who  soonest 
takes  the  hint.  For  years  we  have  been  living 
in  an  atmosphere  of  venture  and  great  under- 
takings. Thus  our  whole  industrial  life  haa 
been  tinged  more  or  less  with  refracted  light, 
and  not  illumined  with  the  clear  white  gleam 
of  labor  and  its  rewards.  During  the  last  few 
years  we  have  been  suffering  from  the  collapBe 
of  great  hollow  ideas  which  inflated  our  brains 
until  our  skulls  seemed  nigh  to  bursting.  Now 
the  wrecks  of  industrial  fallacies  seem  to  be 
clearing  away  before  the  returning  tide  of  truth, 
and  there  is  hope  for  the  return  of  the  good  and 
enduring  prosperity  of  earlier  days. 

The  world's  history  is  a  long  tribute  to  the 
virtues  of  industry  and  economy,  and  a  warn- 
ing against  their  opposites.  The  experience  of 
this  last  era  when  it  shall  be  written,  will  but 
strengthen  the  old  truth.  It  will  point  the 
true  course  to  nations  and  to  individuals.  It  is 
a  hopeful  sign  for  the  future  of  California's  in- 
dustries that  the  lesson  is  being  widely  learned. 
The  arts  of  production  were  never  more  closely 
studied  than  now,  for  it  is  a  vital  point  that 

*  "The  Stagnatkm  of  Trade,  and  Its  Cause,"  by  Prof. 
Bonamy  Price,  in  North  American  Review,  for  June. 


wastes  shall  be  stopped  and  effective  work  pro- 
moted. Let  our  industries  now  have  their 
proper  place  in  the  minds  of  the  people.  Let 
the  deluding  thrall  of  Bpecious  schemes  pass 
away.  Let  us  come  down  to  the  soil,  the  min- 
eral, the  metal,  assured  that  though  the  steps  be 
hard  and  the  progress  slow,  we  are  in  the  true 
path  which  will  lead  us  away  from  the  debris 
of  exploded  fallacies  into  the  free  open  field  of 
honeBt  effort  aud  temperate  living.  By  this 
sign  we  Bhall  conquer;  and  California  will  ere 
long  be  known,  not  as  the  land  of  great  illu- 
sions, but  as  the  home  of  a  labor-loving,  economi- 
cal and  prosperous  people — a  land  living  no 
longer  in  the  memory  of  an  illustrious  past,  but 
in  the  realization  of  a  more  glorious  present,  and 
cherishing  the  hope  of  a  future  beyond  anything 
we  now  can  know. 

Eastern  Money  and  Western  Mines. 

In  so  far  as  such  fact  can  be  supposed  to  have 
any  significance,  the  adoption  of  a  new  Consti- 
tution by  the  people  of  California  has  not  de- 
terred Eastern  capitalists  from  investing  in  our 
mines.  Hardly  ever  has  the  business  of  buy- 
ing, bonding  or  otherwise  dealing  in  these  prop- 
erties been  more  active  than  of  late.  There  is, 
as  we  well  know,  much  idle  capital  in  eastward 
lying  countries.  The  money  repositories  there 
are  replete  with  unemployed  funds.  Investors 
are  casting  about  for  ventures  that  promise 
security  coupled  with  a  fairly  profitable  issue. 
They  regard  our  gold  and  silver  mines  with 
favor.  But  their  experience  in  the  mines  of  the 
far  west  has  not  always  been  happy.  They 
have  now  and  again  met  with  financial  reverses 
off  this  way.  So  they  have  growi*  a  little  more 
chary  than  at  first.  They  are  willing  to  embark 
their  means  freely  in  mining,  but  they  insist  on 
having  properties  of  merit  in  return,  and  in  this 
requirement  we  trust  there  will  be  no  letting 
up.  On  this  point  we  hope  they  will  show 
themselves  exacting  — inexorable.  There  are 
plenty  of  first-class  mines  in  this  country  for 
sale  at  moderate  prices.  It  is  just  aa  easy  to 
obtain  a  good  one  ap  a  poor  one,  of  which  latter 
there  have  been  too  many  already  palmed  off  on 
the  Eastern  public. 

Among  receut  transactions  of  really  sterling 
properties,  we  note  the  sale  of  the  Taylor  Flat 
hydraulic  mines  with  water  franchise,  etc.,  to 
moneyed  men  in  Indianapolis,  United  States' 
Treasurer  New,  being  one  of  the  two  or  three 
purchasers.  This  property  is  situated  in  Trinity 
county  and  is  highly  spoken  of  by  those 
acquainted  with  it.  The  Buckeye  water  and 
hydraulic  company,  owners  of  extensive  gold- 
bearing  gravel  lands,  ditches,  water  rights,  etc., 
also  in  Trinity,  have  just  obtained  in  the  East 
the  large  sura  of  money  necessary  for  extend- 
ing their  main  ditch  to  its  principal  source  of 
water  supply,  for  finishing  the  long  bedrock 
tunnel  now  in  progress  and  otherwise  putting 
their  grounds  in  good  shape  for  the  heavy  and 
profitable  production  that  awaits  a  resumption 
of  operations. 

Samuel  Leet,  of  Oakland,  has  just  completed 
the  sale  of  a  large  hydraulic  property  located  on 
the  Forest  Hill  divide,  Placer  county,  for  the 
sum  of  half  a  million  dollars,  one-fifth  of  which 
has  been  paid  down.  The  buyers  reside  in  the 
East  and  have  made  a  good  purchase.  The 
gravel  here  is  of  excellent  quality  and  great 
depth.  The  mine  has  been  opened  and  equipped, 
has  ample  outlet,  water  supply,  etc.  The  Ward 
silver  mine,  in  the  Reese  River  country,  has 
also  changed  hands  of  late,  and  will  be  worked 
by  Eastern  capital.  This  mine,  which  lies  in 
the  rich  mineral  belt  that  has  given  distinction 
to  Lander  Hill,  has  a  singular  history.  Having 
been  located  at  the  time  of  the  Reese  River  ex- 
citement, it  was  considered  for  a  while  one  of 
the  moat  promising  properties  in  that  locality, 
the  croppings  carrying  ore  of  an  exceeding  high 
grade.  These  rich  surface  deposits  having  been 
hurriedly  worked  out,  the  locators  abandoned 
the  claim,  which  was  neglected  until  recently, 
when  a  miner  named  Thomas  Ward  took  it  up, 
had  it  recorded  and  went  to  work  upon  it. 
After  sinking  but  a  short  distance  the  rich  ore 
came  in  agaiu,  and  following  it,  the  owner,  who 
had  not  a  dollar  at  the  start,  has  since  taken 
out  enough  ore  to  make  him  a  tolerably  rich 
man.  The  last  lot  of  ore  extracted  by  him, 
amounting  to  232  tons,  yielded  at  the  Man- 
hattan mill  a  gross  product  of  §104,000,  being 
an  average  of  more  than  $400  per  ton.  The  ore 
body  is  shaping  for  a  large  deposit,  and  this  is 
now  regarded  the  most  promising  property  on 
Lander  Hill.  The  new  owners  have  commenced 
a  deep  exploratory  and  working  shaft,  and  taken 
other  steps  looking  to  systematic  and  thorough 
development  as  well  as  the  extensive  benefici- 
atiugof  the  ores,  such  as  the  erection  of  hoisting 
works,  mills,  furnaces,  etc. 

We  hear  of  many  other  similar  sales  to  par- 
ties abroad,  the  details  of  which  we  will  take 
pains  to  collect  for  early  publication,  and 
which  tend  to  show  that  confidence  in  the  value 
of  mining  properties  on  this  coast  has  not  of 
late  suffered  impairment  in  the  estimation  of 
Eastern  investors.  Not  only  in  the  purchase  of 
mining  properties  does  this  well-sustained  con- 
fidence manifest  itself,  but  also  in  the  purchase 
of  mining  shares,  many  of  the  orders  for  which 
come  from  the  East.  Heavy  deposits  on  East, 
ern  account  have  also  been  made  in  our  city 
banks,  theBe  funds  to  be  disbursed  in  purchase 
of  mining  stocks.  The  shares  of  several  of  our 
more  prominent  mines,  such  as  the  Standard, 
Bulwer,  Bodie,  etc.,  are  meeting  with  large  sale 
at  the  New  York  mining  board,  where  tbey  are 
not  only  well  received,  but  seem  to  be  special 
favorites. 


370 


MINING    AND 


SCIENTIFIC 


PRESS. 


[June  7,  1879. 


TTSTTIR/^"1! ! ! 

IT    PAYS 

Three  to  Four  Per  Cent,  per  day 

—  TO  — 

Cover  Boilers,  Pipes  and  Drums  with 


H.W.  JOHNS'1  PATENT. 


MATERIALS  ,W 


USB 

LW©MI< 


LIQUID  PAINTS,  ROOFING,  BOILER  COVERINGS, 

Steam  Packing,  Sheathings,  Fire  Proof  Coatings,  Cements. 

SEND  FOR  SAMPLES,   ILLUSTRATED  PAMPHLET  AND  PRICE   LIST. 

H.W.JOHNS  M'F'G  Co.,  87MAIDEN  LANE,  N,Y, 

PACIFIC  COAST  BRANCH, 

FRED  M.  P4.TEICK,  Manager, 

5  First  Street,  San  Francisco. 


WASHING!  WASHING! 


Prices  Reduced!  Prices  Reduced! 


La  Grande  Laundry, 

18th  Street,  Between  Folsom  and  Howard. 
PRINCIPAL  OFFICE, 

648  Market  Street,   S.  F. 

Office  open  from  7  a.  m.  to  9  p.  m.  Saturdays  to  11  p.  m. 
Washing  called  for  and  delivered  to  any  part  of  the  city 
free  of  charge. 

All  orders  receive  prompt  attention.  For  circular  and 
rice  List  apply  at  the  Office, 

648  Market  St.,  San  Francisco. 


CAUTION 

To  Hydraulic  E¥3inersB 

The  public  generally  and  Hydraulic  Miners  especially 
are  hereby  notified  that  any  parties  making  or  using  the 
contrivance  known  as  the  HOSKIN  DEFLECTOR  will  be 
prosecuted  to  the  full  extent  of  the  law,  said  machine 
having  been  declared  by  the  U.  S.  Circuit  Court  an  in- 
fringement upon  my  patent,  the 

Bloomfield  Deflecting  Nozzle. 

The  public  are  also  cautioned  against  using  the  Iloskin 
Deflector  because  of  its  danger  to  life  and  limb,  this  de 
vice  having  already  occasioned  several  deaths  and  other 
erious  accidents.  The  BLOOMFIELD  DEFLECTOR  is 
entirely  safe,  its  two  and  a  half  years  use  without  acci- 
dent, as  well  as  its  construction,  proves  it  to  be  a  reliable 
contrivance. 

Any  parties  wishing  to  purchase  the  right  to  use  these 
Deflectors  can  do  so  by  applying  to  the  undersigned, 

HENRY  C.  PERKINS, 

North  Bloomfield,  Nevada  Co.,  0*1.,  Octo- 
ber 1st,  1878. 


Diamond    Drill    Co. 

The  undersigned,  owners  of  LE9CHOT'S  PATENT 
for  DIAMOND  POINTED  DRILLS,  now  brought  to  the 
highest  state  of  perfection,  are  prepared  to  fill  orders 
for  the  IMPROVED  PROSPECTING  AND  TUNNELING 
DRILLS,  with  or  without  power,  at  short  notice,  and 
at  reduced  prices.  Abundant  testimony  furnished  of 
the  great  economy  and  successful  working  of  numerous 
machines  in  operation  in  the  quartz  and  gravel  .mines 
on  this  coast.  Circulars  forwarded,  and  full  infor- 
mation given  upon  application. 

A.  J.  SEVERANCE  &  CO. 
Office,  No.  320  Sanaome  street.  Room  10. 


PACIFIC    POWER    CO. 

Room  with  steam  power  to  let  in  the 
Pacific  Power  Co. 'a  new  brick  building, 
Stevenson  street,  near  Market.  Eleva- 
tor in  building.  Apply  at  the  Com- 
pany's office,  314  California  street. 


Good  land  that  will  raise  a  crop  every 
year.  Over  14,000  acres  for  sale  in  lots  to 
Buit.  Climate  healthy.  No  drouths,  bad 
floods,  nor  malaria.  Wood  and  water 
convenient.  U.  S.  Title,  perfect.  Send  stamp  for  illus- 
trated circular,  to  EDWARD  FRISBIE,  Proprietor  of 
Reading  Ranch,  Anderson,  Shasta  County,  Cal. 


LAND 


latent?  I 


OBTAINED  IN  V.  S.  AND  FOREIGN 
COUNTRIES;  trademarks,  labelB  and  copy- 
-jhts  registered  through  DEWEY  &  CO.'S 
ining  ajjd  Scientific  Press  Patent 
Agency,  San  Francisco.  Send  for  free  circular 


RUSSELL'S  AMALGAMATOR. 


Patented  June  25th,  1878. 


SJk.'Vtt    YOTTIR,    GrOITLID 
And    Aiso    SAVE    YOUR    QUICKSILVER. 

The  above  Washer  and  Amalgamator  with  new  patent  Wire  Bridge  Quicksilver  Boxes  attached,  can  be  worked 
wet  or  dry,  either  by  hand,  steam,  horse  or  water  power,  and  is  easily  taken  apart  and  packed.  For  washing  Pulp, 
Earth,  Gravel,  Mill  Tailings  or  Black  Sand,  it  is  without  a  rival. 

Has  been  Thoroughly  Tested  and  given  Complete  Satisfaction. 

The  entire  Lining,  Hanging  Plates,  Riffles  and  Boxes  Amalgamated 

IS    GUARANTEED    TO   SAVE    THE    FINEST    OR     FLOAT    GOLD. 

Capacity,  30  to  60  tons  per  day,  according  to  size.     For  further  particulars  apply  to 

J.  MORIZIO,  Gen'l  Agt., 

Room  24,  Safe  Deposit  Building,  Corner  Montgomery  and  California  Streets,  SAN  FRANCISCO 


SAVE    YOUR    GOLD! 


Highly  Important  to  Miners  and  Quartz  Mill  Men! 

SILVER    PLATED    AMALGAMATING    PLATES. 

The  best  process  yet  discovered  for  saving  fine  or  float  gold.  Extensively  used  with  great 
success  in  gravel  and  placer  mining  in  various  parts  of  the  Pacific  Coast.  Over  five  hundred 
orders  have  been  filled,  and  the  demand  is  constantly  increasing.  A  large  number  of  these  Plates 
were  sent  to  Snake  River  mines,  Idaho,  last  year,  and  a  great  many  orders  are  being  filled  for 
them  this  season.  Circulars  containing  full  instructions  for  working  these  Plates  sent  with  each 
order.  Old  Mining  Plates  bought  or  taken  in  exchange  for  new  Silver  Plated  Plates,  and  full 
value  allowed.  Gold  extracted  from  old  Plates  at  a  moderate  cost  by  a  new  and  economical  pro- 
cess.    Old  Plates  (which  often  contain  a  surplus  of  gold  above  the  cost  of  plating)  can  be  re-plated. 

With  the  most  extensive  facilities  on  the  Pacific  Coast,  orders  can  be  filled  very  promptly 
and  satisfaction  guaranteed. 

Mining  Men  and  the  public  generally  are  cautioned  against  unprincipled  and  irre- 
sponsible parties  traveling  through  the  country,  endeavoring  to  secure  orders  for  very 
inferior  qualities  of  Silver  Plated  Mining  Plates. 

SAN  FRANCISCO  GOLD,  SILVER,  NICKEL  AND  COPPER  PLATING  WORKS, 

Nos.    653   and   655   Mission   Street,    San   Francisco,    Cal. 
EDWARD    G.    DENNISTON, PROPRIETOR. 


PATENT 


Prevents  Lead  Poisoning 
and  Salivation. 


INVALUABLE  to  those  engaged  in  Dry  Crushing 
Quartz  Mills,  Quicksilver  Mines,  Guano 
Works,  White  Lead  Corroding-,  Feeding 
Threshing  Machines  and  all  occupations  where  the 
surrounding  atmosphere  is  filled  with  dust,  obnoxious 
smells  or  poisonous  vapors.  The  Respirators  are  sold 
subject  to  approval  after  trial,  and  if  not  satisfactory  the 
price  will  be  refunded.  Price  $3  each,  or  $30  per 
dozen.    Sent  post-paid  to  any  address  upon  receipt  of  price 

SETH  MARSHALL,  Jr.,  Agent, 

309   California  Street,    San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Send  for  Descriptive  Circulars  containing  testimonials 
of  well-known  parties  who  are  at  present  using  them. 


J.  S,  PHILLIPS,  m.  e.. 

Consulting  Snginesr  §  Metallurgist, 
Examiner  of  Mines  and  Assayer, 

702    CALIFORNIA     STREET, 
Author  of—  _.«.-._  San  Francisco. 

The  Explorers',  Miners'  and  Metallurgists'  Companion, 

672  pages,  83  Illustrations,  [2d  Edition.)    Price §  10  50 

The  prospector's  "  Wee  Pet "  Assayer,  (Patented) 100  00 

The  Testing  Machine  for  Gold,  Silver,  Lead,  etc 40  00 

The  "Little  "Wonder"  Self-calculating  Sample  and 

Button  Weigher,  (Patented) 25  00 

Elow-pipists'  Pocket  Laboratory  of  Tools,  Fluxes,  etc.    50  00 

Vest  Pocket  Blowpipe 3  00 

CHARGES.— Ass ayinq,  S3;  Testing,  $2  per  metal. 

Assaying  and  Testing  Taught. 


WANTED-$10,000. 

For  $10,000  cash  in  hand  I  will  give  a  one-half  intereBt 
in  the  BLUE  JAY  and  ELEPHANT  QUARTZ  mines, 
situated  in  the  French  Creek  Mining  District,  Siskiyou 
County,  Cal.  And  I  will  take  or  give  a  lease  on  Baid 
mines,  and  pay  or  receive  eight  per  cent,  on  the  amount 
invested.  For  further  particulars  apply  to  H.  C.  Cory, 
Etna  Mills,  Siskiyou  County,  California. 


PETERSON  &  0LSS0N, 
MODEL    MASSES. 

INVENTORS 

Will  find  it  to  their  advantage  to  call  on  us  at  328  BUSH 
STREET,  bet.  Montgomery  and  Kearny  (up-staira,)_S.  F, 


(£3jl§|       DR.    IIBBEY, 

''■SHS?  DENTIST, 

N.   W.   Corner  Kearny  and  Geary  Streets, 
Entrance  on  Geary  Streeet,         SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAJ, 


B   PALACE  T 
ISTAURAN 1 


This  elegant  and  spa 
cious  S.  F.  Restaurant 
has  been  re-opened  with 
superior  bill  of  fare  dai- 

Good  Living  at 
Reduced  Prices 

ly,  and  iB  now  the  best 

and  moBt  popular  dining 

.......     . ....         .._  saloon  on   this  Coast. 

[Lunch  ready  at  10  A.  M.]  Resident  business  men  and  visi- 
tors from  abroad  will  be  wise  in  giving  this  place  an  early 
aall.    Examine        of  fare  and  prices. 

HERMAN  H.  HORST,  Frop'r. 


218  Sansome  St. 


C.  C.  Bitner's  Apparatus  for  Obtaining  Met- 
allic Copper  from  its  Solutions. 

Patented  March  ISth,  1879.  "Will  precipitate  with  steam  in 
three  hours,  requiring  no  machinery  to  run  it.  Cost  of  con- 
structing apparatus,  §75.  The  old  cylinder  process  takes 
four  bours  to  precipitate  and  coats  from  SI. 200  to  81.500  to 
construct,  besides  the  machinery  to  run  it.  -  For  right  to  use 
my  Precipitator  address  C.  C.  BITNER,  Spenceville,  Ne- 
vada County,  California. 


fellies  birectory. 


WM.    BARTLING.  HENRY    KIMBALL 

BARTLINO    &    KIMBALL, 
BOOKBINDERS, 

Paper  Rulers  &  Blank  Book  Manufacturers. 
505  Clay  Street,(southwest  comer  Sansome), 

SAN   FRANCISCO. 


San  Francisco  Cordage  Company. 

Established    1856. 

We  have  just  added  a  large  amount  of  new  machinery  of 
tbe  latest  and  most  improved  kind,  and  are  again  prepared 
to  fill  orders  for  Rope  of  any  special  lengths  and  sizes.  Con- 
stantly on  hand  a  large  stock  of  Manila  Rope,  all  sizes; 
Tarred  Manila  Rope;  Hay  Rope;  Whale  Line,  etc  ,  etc. 
TUBBS  &  CO., 
611  and  613  Front  Street,  San  Francisco 


JOHN    A.    CHURCH, 
MINING    ENGINEER, 

COLUMBUS,  OHIO. 

C.    L.   GILLBR, 
SEAL    ENGRAVER    AND    DIE    SINKER, 

No.  430  MONTGOMERY  STREET,  S.  F. 

The  beBt  Work  done  on  the  moBt  reasonable  terms  on 
the  Coast. 


Barlow  J.  Smith,  M.  D. 

Consulting    Physician, 

Professor  of  Phrenology  and 
Mental  Hygiene. 

Proprietor  of  the  Smithsonian  Medical  and  Phrenological 
Institute,  635  California  Street,  above  Kearny. 

This  Institute,  by  combining  medical  hygiene  with  the 
various  Water  Cure  treatments  and  the  most  powerful  Elec- 
trized Horseshoe  Magnet  in  the  world,  claims  to  cure  speed- 
ily and  permanently  all  forms  of  acute  or  chronic  nervo- 
vital  derangements,  Brain,  Spinal  and  Heart  diseases,  St. 
Vitus  Dane;,  Palsy,  Epilepsy  and  all  Rheumatic,  Liver  and 
Kidney  troubles.  The  institution  has  for  the  past  20  years 
made  a  specialty  of  treating  all  forms  of  weaknesses  and  dis- 
eases peculiar  t»  males  and  females.  By  the  use  of  hygienic 
remedies  and  electro-motorpathy  the  worst  forms  of  impo- 
tency  and  seminal  -weakness  in  males  and  sterility  in  fe- 
males are  speedily  and  permanently  overcome,  Hygienic 
board,  with  or  without  rooms.  Terms  moderate.  Electro- 
thermal. Russo-Turkish  and  Medicated  Baths   given  dally. 

Mrs.  Dr.  Smith  as  Matron  has  charge  of  the  female  bath- 
ing department. 

De.  Smith  has  practiced  Phrenology  the  past  30  years, 
and  during  the  last  20  years  has  been  constantly  using  the 
science  connected  with  Physiognomy,  in  examining  or  diag- 
nosing disease  in  this  city,  and  claims  to  have  made  discov- 
eries in  the  Science  of  Phrenology  that  enables  him.  by  an 
examination  of  the  head,  even  blindfolded,  to  determine  the 
disease  to  which  the  person  is  constitutionally  subject,  or 
whether  the  disease  at  the  time  afflicting  the  person,  is  the 
result  of  accident,  or  hereditary  weakness;  whether  Con- 
sumptive, Dyspeptic,  Rheumatic,  Apoplectic,  Neu- 
ralgic, LEUCORRSCEAL,or  Seminal.  Especially  does  the 
form  of  the  head  indicate  the  strength  of  the  uterine,  geni- 
tal or  reproductive  system.  The  head  is  also  an  index  of  the 
natural  strength  of  the  lungs,  heart,  stomach,  liver,  kidneys, 
spleen,  back  or  vertebra,  and  it  determines  the  power  of  the 
system  in  warding  off  and  overcoming  disease  of  all  kinds. 

Ladies  or  gentlemen,  desirous  of  obtaining  a  thorough  and 
correct  Phrenological  examinations  with  Fowler  and  Wells' 
harts,  will  meet  with  a  respecful  reception  at  his  consulting 
rooms.  Parties  can  depend  upon  a  reliableldelineation  of 
the  character  of  their  intimate  male  or  female  friends,  by 
presenting  a  clearly  defined  photograph. 

Phrenological  or  Physiognomical  examinations  without 
charts,  $1.50  ;  with  charts,  from  32  to  S3. 

INVITATION  TO  INVALIDS 

And  all  persons  who  are  in  any  way  out  of  health,  wh*  de- 
sire to  know  the  nature  and  causes  of  their  disease,  may 
avail  themselves  of  an  examination  through  phrenology  in 
regard  to  fiealth  free  of  charge,  between  the  hours  of  9  a.  m. 
and  8  p.  at.    Sundays  from  9  a  m.  to  12  m. 


ROYAL 

Writing 


MILLS 

Papers. 


Notes,  Letters,  Legals  and  Foolscaps,  all  weights. 
An  Extra.  Superfine  Paper  at  low  price. 

H.  S.  CROCKER  &  CO. 


F.  MOORECROFT, 

Sterne  Seal  Engraver, 

THURLOW    BLOCK, 

Room  38,  126  Kearny  St.,  Cor.  Sutter,  San  Francisco. 

Coats  of  Arms,  Crests,  Monograms  and  Ma* 
!  sonic  Inscriptions  Carefully  Engraved. 


June  7,  1879.J 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


371 


fletalllirgy  apd  Ores. 


Nevada    Metallurgical    Works, 

Ne.  23    STEVENSON  STREET, 
Near  Firet  and  Market  Street*. 

Ores  worked  by  any  process. 

Ores  sampled. 

Assaying  in  all  its  branches. 

Analysis  of  Ores,  Minerals,  Waters,  etc. 

WuKKIKG  TESTS  HADE. 

Plans  furnished  for  the  most  suitable   process 
tor  working  Ores. 

Special   attention  paid  to    Examinations   of 
Minos;  plans  and  reports  furnished. 

E.  HTJHN, 

O.  A.  LUCKHARDT, 
Mining  Engineers  and  Metallurgists 


JOHN  TAYLOR  &  CO., 

Importers  of  and  Dealers  In 

ASSAYERS'  MATERIALS. 

CHEMICAL  APPARATUS  AND  CHEMICALS,  DRUG- 
GISTS'GLASSWARE  AND  SUNDRIES,  Etc. 

512  &  518  Washington  St.,  San  Francisco 

We  would  call  the  special  attention  of  Assayera,  Chem- 
lata,  Mining  Companies,  Milling  Companies,  Prospectors, 
etc.,  to  our  stock  of  Clay  Crucibles,  Muffles,  Dry  Cups, 
etc.,  manufactured  by  the  Patent  Plumbago  Cruci- 
ble Co..  Of  London,  England,  for  which  we  have 
been  made  Sole  Agent*  for  the  Pacific  Coant.  Circulars 
with  prices  will  bo  sent  upon  application. 

Also,  to  our  large  and  well  adapted  stock  of 

Assayers'  Materials  &  Chemical  Apparatus. 

Having  been  engaged  In  furnishing  these  supplies  since 
the  first  discovery  of  mines  on  tho  Pacific  Coast. 

/3TOur  Gold  and  Silver  Tables,  showing  tho  value  per 
ounce  Troy  at  different  degrees  of  fineness,  and  valuable 
tables  for  computation  of  assays  in  grains  and  grammes, 
will  be  sent  free  upon  application. 

JOHN    TAYLOR    &    CO. 


LEOPOLD   KUH, 

(Formerly  of  the  U.  S.  Branch  Mint,  S.  F.) 

Assaycr   and    Metallurgical    Chemist, 

No.  611  COMMERCIAL  STREET, 
(Between  Montgomery  and  Kearny,) 

SaN  Frahcibco,  CaL. 


OTTOKAR  HOFMANN. 
METALLURGIST  and  MINING  ENGINEER, 

415  Mission  St.,  bet.  First  and  Fremont  Streets, 
SAN    FRANCISCO. 
*tyErection  of  Leaching    Works  a  Specialty. 
•tSTLeachintf  Tests  made. 


The   Miners9    Assay   Office, 

N.   E.   Corner   of  the   Plaza, 
PRESCOTT,       -      -      -       -       ARIZONA. 

Assays  of  Silver,  81.  W.    Gold  and  Silver,   82.    Other  Ores 
at  corresponding  rates.     All  assays  guaranteed. 

Gold  and  Stiver  melted  into  Bars.     Working  Tests  made. 
•CfTMiues  examined,  sales  negotiated,  etc. 

W.  H.    WILLISCRAFT, 
P.  O.  Box  153.  Prescott,  Arizona. 


TKOS.  PRICE'S 

Office    and    Chemical 
Laboratory, 

624  Sacramento  St.,  S.  F. 


C4.  F.  Dbbtkbn.  Wm.  E.  Smith. 

PIONEER  REDUCTION  WORKS, 

Channel  Street,  off  foot  of  Fourth,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Highest  price  paid  for  Sulphurets,  Arseniurets,  Tellurides 
and  Gold  OreB  generally. 

Careful  attention  paid  to  practical  working  testa  on  a 
large  scale  of  Gold-bearing  Quartz  and  ores  of  a  refractory 
and  sulphureted  nature. 

Will  examine,  report  on,  and  survey  mining  properties. 


METALLURGICAL    WORKS, 

STRONG    &    CO.,  10  Stevenson  Street, 

ORES  SAMPLED,  TESTED,  ASSAYED. 


GUIDO     KUSTEL, 

MINING  ENGINEER  and  METALLURGIST. 

P.    O     Address:   ALAMEDA,     CAL. 

ROCK     DRILLS. 
One  or  three  Burleigh  Drills, 

Tunnel  9ine.    Good  as  new.   Ready  for  use. 
FOR  SALE  VERY   LOW, 

320  Sansome  St.,  Room  22,  San  Francisco. 


FOR  SALE.  —  4-sided  6-inch  Molding  Machine. 
Jackson's  Agricultural  Machine  Works,  B.  E.  corner  6th 
and  Bluxome  Sta.,  San  Francisco, 


ELECTRIC   LIQ-HT. 

BRUSH     PATENT. 
The  Best,  Cheapest,  Cleanest,  and  Most  Powerful  Light  in  the  World. 

In  dail£use;atIthe;PalaceIHotel  and  the.Union  Iron  Works.  S.  F. 


ffaCuijiery. 


Parties  desiring  Electric  Light  for  Halls,  Shops,  Docks,  Mills, 
Streets  and  MineB,  are  invited  to  send  us  full  particulars  regarding 
the  huildinga,  rooms  or  places'  to  be  lighted,  including  dimensions, 
character  of  walls  and  ceilings,  amount  of  available  power  and  its 
location,  amount  of  light  now  uaed,  character  of  work  being  done, 
length  of  time  light  will  be  needed  continuously,  etc. 

With  these  items  before  us,  we  will  make  a  proposition  to  furnish 
a  COMPLETE  OUTFIT  OF  ELECTRIC  LIGHT,  put  it  in  perfect 
working  order  and  guarantee  its  success  and  permanence.     Address  all  communications, 

S.  F.  TELEGRAPH  SUPPLY  CO., 

WM.    KERR,    President, 

San   Francisco,   Cal. 


Ingersoll  Rock  Drills. 


In  use  in   the    largest   and  best 
Mines  of  the  Coast. 

HAS    AUTOMATIC  FEED. 

Has  less  Repairs. 

Is  Lighter  and  more  Easily  Ad- 
justed than  any  other  Drill. 
Our  DRY  AIR  COMPRESSORS  are  the  most  Economical  Compressors  in  the  Market. 

MINERS'  HORSE-POWER. 

This  Power  is  especially  adapted  to  working  ndnea,  hoist 
ing  coal  or  building  material,  etc.    It  will  do  the  work  of  a 
Steam  Engine  with  one-tenth  the  expense.    One  Horae  ca 
easily  hoist  over  1,000  pounds  at  a  depth  of  500  feet. 

ThePower  Is  mainly  built  of  wrought  iron,  and  cannot  bo 
affected  by  exposure.  The  hoisting-drum  is  thrown  out  of 
gear  by  the  lever,  while  tho  load  is  held  in  place  with  a  brake 
by  the  man  tending  bucket.  The  frame  of  the  Power  is 
bolted  to  bed-timbers,  thus  avoiding  all  frame  work.  When 
required  these  Powers  are  made  in  sections  for  packing. 

REYNOLDS,   RIX   &  CO.,  18  &  20   Fremont  St.,  San  Francisco. 


SANDERSON  BROS.  &  GO.'S 

Best  Refined  Oast-lSteel. 

Warranted  Most  Superior  for  Drills,  Hammers,  Etc. 

A  full  and   complete  stock  of  this  reliable  and  well-known 
brand  of  Steel,  for  mining  and  other  uses,  now  in  stock  and  for  sale 

At  No-  417  Market  St.,  S.  F.,  -   H.  D.  Morris,  Agent. 


FRANCIS  SMITH  &  CO., 


c/> 


Q_  Manufacturers  of 

ZE  THE    PATENT    CHANNEL  IRON    WHEELBARROWS. 

3JJ  THE  STRONGEST  BARROW  MADE.     These  Barrowu  are  made  by  Superior  Workmen,  and 

gm^  of  the  best  material.    All  sizes  kept  constantly  on  hand. 

OO  SHEET   IRON   PIPE. 

.  Lap-Welded  Pipe,  all  Sizes,  from  Three  to  Six  Inches.    Artesian  Well  Pipe. 

P™  Also,  Galvanized  Iron  Boilers,  from  25  to  100  Gallons. 

LXJ  Iron  Cut,  Punched,  and  Formed  for  makinjr  Pipe  on  ground,  where  required.   All  kinds  of  Tools 

yaj  supplied  for  making  Pipes.    Estimates  given  when  required.    Are  prepared  for  coating  all  sine  of 

__  Pipes  with  a  composition  of  Coal  Tar  and  Asphaltum. 

on  Office  and  Manufactory,  130  Beale  Street,  San  Francisco. 


GOLD  AND  SILVER 

Grmdiog  and  Amalgamating 
MACHINERY. 

Stamp  MU1*.  Rock  Broken,  Onuhltu  Bolta  Ajnateun* 

Una  r.m- .Hid  Koi>anii*.rs  r,.i  i;<i].l  ami  Silver  <<it«  i'hloru- 
didng  Fiinwc.H.  Retort*  Rni-k  Prill*.  W  < '  ..n|,i.  ,s,lM  fltwl 
ohoea  and  Dion  for  Stamp*  and  uveq  daacriptfon  of  Mine 
and  Mill  Supplies 


SFEHRY'S 

Wrought-lron    Frame 

FOR    STAMP    MILLS. 

Great  saving  in  time  and  money  over  the  wood  frame,  Is 
made  complete  with  wrought-lron  frame  ready  to  put  upou 
the  foundation,  requiring  no  skilled  millwright.  These  mills 
are  unsurpassed  in  excellence  in  every  particular. 

We  are  furnishing  all  the  Machinery  for  a  10-Starap  Gold 
Mill,  Including  Crucible,  Steel  Shoes  and  Dies,  Boiler  and 
Engine.  Counter  Shafting,  Pulleys,  etc.,  Stamps  weighing 
450  llifl.  each,  with  Copper  Plato  inside  of  the  Mortars,  and 
for  tables  uutdide,  making  all  the  Machinery  complete  for  a 
10  Stamp  Mill  for  the  sum  of 

$2,250. 

We  construct  Mills  with  Stamps  weighing  from  350  to  900 
lbs.  for  gold  or  Silver  OreB.  Wet  or  dry  Crushing  Mortars. 
Will  contract  to  erect  complete  Gold  and  Silver  Mills  on  the 
moat  improved  plans.  We  have  30  years'  experience  in  min- 
ing aud  milling  Gold  and  Silver  Ores,  and  can  compete  with 
the  world.    Scud  for  a  circular.    Address 

M0REY  &  SPERRY, 

No.  145  Broadway,       -      -      NEW  YORK. 


0.  II.  EVilii 


THOMSON   &   EVANS, 

(Successors  to  Thomson  &  Parkbr.)J 

Engineers  and  Machinists. 


Steam  Pumps,  Steam  Engines,  Hoisting, 

Pumping,  Quartz  Mill,  Mining,  Saw 

Mill  Machinery,  Specialties. 

Plans  and  Specifications  for  Machinery  furniBhed.    Re- 
pairing promptly  attended  to. 

110  &  112  Beale  St.,  San  Francisco. 


THE  IMPROVED  O'HARRA 

OHLORIDIZING  FURNACE. 

Patented  Sept.  10th,  1878. 

Now  in  Operation  at  the  Extra  Mining  Co.'s 
Works,  Copper  City,  Shasta  Co ,  Cal. 

Two  men  and  two  cords  of  wood  roast 

Forty  Tons  of  Ore  in  Twenty-four  Hours, 

Giving  a  full  chlorination  (100%)  at  a  cost  of  30  cents  per 
Address, 

O'HARRA    &    FERGUSON, 
Fumaceville,  Shasta  Co. ,  Cal 

Or  CHA8.  W.  CRANE,  Agent, 

Room  10,  Safe  Depoeit  Building,  San  Francisco. 


Dewey  &  Co {"SLitt} Patent  Ag'ts 


372 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[June  7,  1879. 


Continued  from  page  365. 


720  ft,  still  cutting  a  mixture  of  clay,  quartz  and  por- 

Halb  &  No rcrobs.—  Repairs  to  the  main  shaft  are  still 
being  made.  The  eighth  station  is  being;  rebuilt  with  16 
inch  timbers. 

Yellow  Jacket.— Putting  in  the  new  Bpur-wheel.  The 
shaft  is  down  2.577  ft.  The  drift  west,  2500  level,  is  in  130 
ft,  the  face  in  dry,  hard,  blasting  porphyry. 

Brophy.— -Advancing  the  tunnel  at  the  rate  of  three  ft 
per  day.  The  material  is  a  little  softer  and  indications  are 
improving. 

Best  &  Belcher.— Sinking  at  the  Osbiaton  shaft  is  pro- 
gressing slowly  on  account  of  the  strong  flow  of  water. 

Leviathan.— On  the  760  level  the  lateral  drift  north 
shows  about  half  its  face  in  low-grade  ore  and  hard,  vein 
porphyry.  The  south  lateral  drift  on  the  same  level  con- 
tinues in  porphyry,  with  good-looking  streaks  of  quartz 
occasionally  coming  in. 

Crown  Point.— The  north  drift,  2500  level,  is  now  in  439 
ft.  This  drift  is  being  pushed  along  the  west  line  of  the 
ledge,  and  has  encountered  some  very  fine  indications. 
The  winze  from  the  2500  level  has  been  sunk  25  ft  below 
the  2700  level  for  a  Bump,  and  the  station  is  now  being 
opened. 

Silver  Hill.— The  sump  of  the  incline  below  the  1300 
level  has  been  completed,  and  the  incline  is  being  pre- 
pared for  lowering  the  pumps.  The  Boston  and  Thomp- 
son mills  have  been  set  at  work  reducing  rock  from  the 
upper  workings.     Each  has  a  capacity  of  15  tons  per  day. 

North  Con.  Virginia.  —The  property  of  this  mine  has 
been  sold  and  transferred  to  the  Sierra  Nevada,  Union 
Con.  and  Mexican  for  §1,100,000,  and  the  deeds  are  re- 
corded.   Sinking  is  going  on  as  usual. 

Lady  Bryan.— The  station,  750  level,  is  chambered  out, 
and  drifts  are  now  to  be  run  east  and  west  from  it  to  open 
Up  a  portion  of  the  mine  as  yet  unprospected. 

Gould  &  Curry.— The  repairs  to  the  drift  connecting 
with  the  Savage  on  the  1750  level  have  been  completed. 
Sinking  at  the  Osbiston  shaft  is  somewhat  obstructed  by 
the  heavy  flow  of  water. 

Homestead.— Work  is  steadilv  progressing  in  the  joint 
Homestead  drain  tunnel.  After  advancing  the  tunnel  a 
few  ft  further  a  crosscut  will  be  made. 

Utah.— The  incline  is  564  ft  on  the  Blope  below  the  1350 
station.  It  is  encountering  a  little  more  quartz  as  it  is 
carried  on  down,  but  as  yet  this  quartz  is  low  grade. 

Andes.— The  crosscut  east  from  the  top  of  the  upraise 
from  the  350  level  is  still  in  good-looking  quartz,  but  of 
low  grade. 

Mt.  Hood  &  Vancouver. —Still  drifting  toward  the 
ledge.  The  average  progress  has,  until  lately,  been  four 
and  one-half  ft  per  day,  and  a  little  over  four  ft  are  being 
run  daily  now.     The  rock  is  hard  porphyry. 

Exchequer. — North  drift,  2400  level,  is  making  four  ft 
per  day,  and  gradually  entering  a  formation  of  low-grade 
quartz;  total  length,  460  ft. 

New  York. — The  incline  is  being  continued  on  below  the 
1200  station,  and  is  making  about  four  ft  per  day.  Every- 
thing working  well. 

Succor. — Some  fine-looking  rock  continues  to  be  cut  in 
the  north  drift,  1100  level,  and  the  drifts  east  and  west, 
same  level,  still  look  well. 

BELMONT  DISTRICT. 

Bslmont.—  Courier,  May  31:  The  mine  presents  a 
marked  improvement.  The  ore  body  between  300  and  400 
levels  is  looking  Bplendid  with  the  character  and  quality 
of  ore  daily  improving.  In  the  300  level  drift  they  have 
a  streak  of  nice  ore  which  is  increasing  in  size  every  foot 
they  advance  the  drift,  and  they  hope  ere  long  to  be  able 
to  report  a  large  body  of  ore  in  this  part  of  the  mine,  as 
the  prospects  were  never  more  encouraging  than  at 
present. 
EUREKA  DISTRICT 

Hamburg.— Sen tinel,  Junel:  Workthroughoutthemine 
has  progressed  as  usual  during  the  past  week  with  no 
material  changes  to  note.  The  west  crosscut,  600  level, 
is  now  in  313  ft,  its  face  is  in  red  broken  lime  with  seams 
of  low-grade  ore.  The  east  crosscut  from  the  south  drift, 
600  level,  is  now  in  60  ft;  the  rock  in  the  lace  is  unusually 
hard.  The  ore  body  found  near  the  old  Hamburg  shaft 
continues  to  look  well,  and  is  yielding  ore  of  extra  gvuri 
quality. 

Fourth  of  July. — The  slopes  above  the  lower  tunnel 
level  continue  to  look  well,  and  are  yielding  a  consider- 
able amount  of  extra  good  ore.  The  north  drift,  from  the 
bottom  of  the  cave,  was  continued  18  ft.  The  vein  is 
small  at  this  point,  but  it  continues  to  be  of  good  quality. 
They  will  commence  sinking  a  winze  below  the  lower  tun- 
nel level  in  a  few  days. 

Eureka  Con. — Mining  operations  have  been  continued 
through  the  week  and  good  progress  made,  there  having 
been  181  ft  of  drifts,  winzeB  and  inclines  completed  dur- 
ing this  time.  Have  commenced  cutting  out  for  station 
at  the  14th  level.  Three  furnaces  arc  now  running  and 
turning  out  the  usual  quantity  of  bullion.  The  following 
work  has  been  done  on  the  several  levels:  4th,  started 
drift  running  northwest,  and  made  IS  ft;  5th,  east  drift 
continued  25  ft,  and  now  in  139  ft;  7th,  northwest  drift 
continued  14  ft,  and  now  in  65  ft;  southeast  drift  con- 
tinued 31  ft,  and  now  in  131  ft;  11th,  west  drift  from  ore 
chamber  continued  15  ft,  and  now  in  60  ft;  12th,  started 
winze  in  bottom  of  west  drift,  and  sunk  24  ft;  13th,  east 
drift  continued  15  ft,  and  now  in  92  ft;  west  drift  con- 
tinued 14  ft,  and  now  in  94  ft;  incline  sunk  26  ft,  and 
now  down  130  ft  to  the  14th  level  Btation. 

GOOD  HOPE  DISTRICT. 

Good  Progress,  etc. — Silver  State,  May  31 :  Good  pro- 
gress is  being  made  in  all  the  mines  in  which  any  work  is 
being  done  at  present.  Paige  and  Kelley  have  sunk  a 
shaft  about  120  ft  deep  on  their  claim,  and  are  now  drift- 
ing on  the  SO  level.  The  ledge  is  about  four  to  five  ft 
thick,  with  20  inches  of  pay  ore.  It  is  principally  ruby, 
and  of  a  very  high  grade.  Mr.  Rhinehart  thinks  this  is 
the  best  claim  in  the  camp  at  the  present  time.  The  U 
and  I  mine  is  producing  a  good  quality  of  pay  ore,  and  the 
developments  in  the  mine  during  the  past  week  or  ten 
■dayB  are  very  encouraging  to  the  owners.  The  Buckeye 
has  a  good  ledge,  but  owing  to  the  hard  formation,  work 
progresses  slowly.  Some  rich  ore  has  been  taken  from  the 
mine,  and  during  the  summer  the  owners  will  make 
arrangements,  if  possible,  to  have  a  considerable  quantity 
of  it  milled.  No  work  is  being  done  on  the  Silver  Brick 
or  the  Aurora  mines,  though  when  operations  ceased,  the 
ledges  were  looking  well  and  the  prospects  promising.  The 
.flow  of  water  in  the  Aurura  shaft  caused  a  suspension  of 
work,  and  it  will  be  necessary  to  put  up  some  machinery 
-before  operations  can  be  resumed.  It  is  likely  that  further 
■developments  will  be  made  in  the  Silver  Brick  during  the 
summer.  A  great  many  sales  of  feet  in  the  claim  have 
been  made  recently,  and  it  seems  that  the  owners  cannot 
agree  as  to  the  be3t  me  thod  of  working  it. 

PARADISE  DISTRICT. 

Sedan  Mill  —Silver  State,  May  31 :  The  Sedan  mill  is 
now  running  steadily  on  Bullion  ore,  the  proprietor  of  the 
mill  having  purchased  all  the  ore  on  the  Bullion  dump  — 
amounting  to  about  300  tons.  The  mill,  with  only  five 
stamps,  is  producing  on  an  average  of  §400  worth  of  bullion 
daily. 

ARIZONA. 

Silver  District  Rotes.— Sentinel,  May  31:  On  the 
Red  Cloud,  four  men  are  taking  out  20  sacks  of  ore  per 
day.  They  have  uncovered  a  large  body  of  rich  metal  at 
the  northern  end  of  the  claim,  two  and  one-half  ft  wide, 
end  are  working  along  at  a  depth  of  four  ft;  solid  chunks 
of  metal  are  broken  out  weighing  over  400  pounds,  which 
are  broken  up  and  sacked.  This  body  has  been  followed 
'  to  within  10  ft  of  the  adjoining  claim,  the  Emma.  Two 
men  are  placering  the  mesa,  finding  nuggets  of  40  and  60 
poundB,  The  Iron  Cap  mining  company  has  let  a  contract 
for  a  shaft  100  ft  deep,  to  be  completed  within  70  days,  at 
$11  per  ft,  on  the  Iron  Cap  mine,  and  is  negotiating  con- 
tracts for  Binking  shafts  on  their  five  other  mines.  On  the 
Rover,  four  men  are  working  in  the  tunnel  taking  out  ore 
and  four  are  sinking  the  shaft  in  which  they  have  struck 
ore;  the  men  are  working  night  and  day.  The  shaft  of 
the  Black  Rock  is  down  103  it,  at  the  bottom  there  is  a 


vein  of  rich  ore  four  inches  wide.  The  adjoining  claim, 
the  Silver  Glance,  is  yielding  rich  ore,  five  men  are  at 
work.  On  the  Engineer,  three  men  are  working;  the  tun- 
nel is  in  50  ft,  the  drift  12- ft,  and  the  Bhaft  in  drift  is 
down  20  ft.  At  the  bottom  of  the  shaft  there  is  a  three-ft 
vein  of  good  ore.  The  Klara  has  two  men  taking  out  ore. 
Two  men  on  the  Remnant  are  sinking  a  shaft,  following  a 
10-inch  vein,  and  are  down  14  ft.  Interest  in  the  "Rough 
and  Ready,  Clip,  Iron  Clad  and  other  claims  have  been 
sold  and  still  others  bonded. 

OREGON. 

Mining  Items. — Times.  May  30:  The  Squaw  Lake  com- 
pany has  been  resetting  its  pipe,  and  is  by  this  time  mov- 
ing the  gravel  at  a  lively  rate.  Robb  &  Co.,  at  the  Hamil- 
ton diggings,  expect  to  commence  making  a  final  clean-up 
for  this  season  in  the  course  of  a  week  or  two.  Claims  on 
Silver  creek  command  fair  prices.  One  sold  for  $300 
recently,  and  several  others  have  changed  hands  at  more 
reasonable  figures.  The  parties  from  California  prospect- 
ing the  old  Johnson  ledge  at  Blackwell  are  said  to  be  get- 
ting out  good  ore,  which  promises  to  be  abundant.  E.  K. 
Anderson,  at  the  Forty-Nine  diggiugs  near  Phcenix,  has 
washed  considerable  ground  during  the  season,  and  is 
sanguine  of  excellent  results.  John  Egan  and  others  will 
at  once  resume  the  prospecting  of  a  quartz  ledge  in  the 
Willow  Springe  district,  upon  which  some  work  was  done 
last  year.  James  McDonough  has  several  specimens  of 
very  rich  ore  taken  from  the  shaft  of  the  Fort  Lane  mine 
at  a  depth  of  40  ft.  They  exhibit  free  gold  in  abundance. 
Operations  will  soon  be  commenced  on  the  ditch  that  the 
Savage  Bros..  F.  M.  Plymale,  J.  B.  Wrisley  and  others  in- 
tend running  from  Savage  creek  to  some  promising  gravel 
beds  in  the  vicinity  of  Rogue  river,  two  miles  beyond. 
Partiea  from  Brigga'  and  Silver  creeka  report  that  recent 
storms  have  delayed  mining  operations  there.  Several 
hundred  miners  are  now  in  that  section  getting  ready  to 
work  the  diggings,  which  in  many  rases  prospect  well.  J. 
T.  Layton  and  Kubli  &  Bolt,  who  are  running  hydraulics  on 
Farris  gulch,  made  excellent  clean-ups  last  week,  which 
establish  the  value  of  their  diggings.  They  will  have 
plenty  of  water  for  several  months  to  come.  Messrs. 
Chadwick,  McNevln  and  Lightner,  who  are  doing  much  to 
revive  the  failing  interest  in  quartz  mining,  are  also  turn- 
ing their  attention  to  placer  mines.  They  have  been  and 
are  now  visiting  several  hj'draulic  claims  in  this  county, 
and  may  conclude  to  invest.  Johnson  &  Allison,  mining 
on  Jackson  creek,  made  a  partial  clean-uplast  week,  which 
proved  a  satisfactory  one.  They  picked  ui>  several  pieces 
of  gold,  one  of  which  weighed  $4.95,  and  another  over  $6. 
They  will  be  able  to  pipe  a  few  weeks  longer  before  clean- 
ing up  finally. 


Proposed  Closing  of  English  Goal  Mines 

The  coal  miners  of  the  United  Kingdom  are 
in  trouble  and  troublesome.  The  continued 
downfall  of  wages,  the  keen  competition  o* 
capitalists,  and  the  constant  guerilla  warfare 
carried  on  between  them  and  their  employers 
for  the  past  four  or  tive  years  has  rendered  them 
destitute  and  desperate,  and  has  led  them  to 
attempt  united  action  for  the  adoption  of  some 
means  by  which  a  continuance  of  the  present 
state  of  things  may  be  prevented.  To  this  end 
an  important  circular  has  been  generally  issued 
throughout  the  kingdom  calling  on  all  mining 
districts  to  send  representatives  to  a  conference 
convened  to  discuss  the  advisability  of  laying 
the  whole  of  the  mining  communities  of  Great 
Britain  idle  for  from  four  to  six  weeks.  The 
following  is  an  extract  from  the  circular  : 

"Wales  has  been  used  as  an  instrument  to 
bring  wages  down  in  Northumberland,  and 
Northumberland,  Durham,  South  Yorkshire  and 
West  Yorkshire  and  Lancashire,  Cheshire, 
Derbyshire,  Leicestershire  and  North  and 
South  Staffordshire  have  played  the  same  tune. 
Scotland  also  has  been  passing  through  a  like 
ordeal,  hence  the  desirability  for  united  action 
in  trying  to  put  an  end  to  this  ringing  the 
changes  on  our  hard-struggling  miners'  wages. 
The  profits  of  colliery  owners  must  not  be 
allowed  out  of  the  hard-earned  pennies  of  the 
miners.  It  has  often  been  said  by  colliery 
owners  and  managers,  from  the  first  reduction 
downwards,  that  the  collieries  could  not  be  car- 
ried on  unless  their  workmen  would  concede  to 
a  reduction  in  their  wages.  This  was  said 
when  coal  sold  at  three  times  its  present  selling 
price,  and  the  same  thing  is  said  now.  Well, 
if  the  coal  owners  could  not  make  a  profit  with 
coal  selling  at  18  shillings  per  ton,  with  the  coal 
getters'  price  on  an  average  at  2  shillings  per 
ton,  how  in  the  world  are  they  going  to  make  a 
profit  with  coals  selling  on  an  average  at  6  shil- 
lings per  ton,  with  an  average  to  the  coal  getters 
of  1  shilling  per  ton.  The  statements  of  the 
owners  are  absurd  in  the  extreme,  and  the 
miners  of  this  country  must  not  lose  sight  of 
the  fact  that  if  they  were  to  give  the  owners 
the  remaining  12  pennies,  if  owners  cannot  live 
now,  neither  could  they  live  then.  " 

One  district  has  suggested  that  each  district 
send  in  a  notice  for  an  advance  in  wages  of  20%, 
and  if  the  owners  do  not  concede  that  all  cease 
work  until  the  same  be  granted.  The  conference 
was  to  meet  in  the  Miners'  hall,  Barnsley,  about 
the  middle  of  May.  As  yet  nothing  has  been 
heard  as  to  the  results  of  the  meeting  nor  of  the 
action  taken. 


Bullion  Shipments. 

Since  our  last  issue,  we  have  noticed  the  fol- 
lowing bullion  shipments: 

Hillside,  from  Mav  30th  to  June  4th,  inclu- 
sive, $11,000;  Alexander,  May  31st,  69,100; 
Northern  Belle,  May  28th,  $2,428.86;  Argenta, 
June  2d,  §10,500;  Independence,  June  2d,  $10,- 
100;  Ophir,  from  May  26th  to  May  31st,  inclu- 
sive, §31,945.99;  Standard,  May  30th,  $17,- 
701.70;  Christy  Con.,  June  3d,  §10,873. 


Among  the  speakers  at  the  next  Yale  com- 
mencement will  be  Chun  Lung,  a  Chinese 
member  of  the  class  of  1879,  who  will  deliver  an 
oration  on  "The  Chinese  in  America." 


All  forms  of  subscription  to  the  4%  bonds 
have  been  closed  at  the  Treasury  Department 
in  Washington. 


f 


A  TENTS  AND 


Inventions. 


List  of  U.  S.  Patents  Issued  to  Pacific 
Coast  Inventors. 

[From  Official  Reports  to  DEWEY  &  CO.'S  Mining  ma 
Scientific  Press  Patent  AgbNct.] 

By  Special  DiBpatch  ir-om  Washington.  D.  C. 

For  the  Week  Ending  Mat  27th,  1879. 
Lamp  Shade— P.  K.  Guild,  Santa  Barbara,  'Gal. 
Auger— Wm.  Heyn,  S.  F. 
Constructing  Lb7pbs— M.  C.  Lawton,  S.  F. 
Roller  and  Pulverizer— Geo.  Meding,  S.  F. 
Sei,f-Adjusting  Bracelet— W.  A.  L.  Miller,  S.  F. 
Horbe  Clothing— J.  C.  Simpson,  Oakland,  Cal. 
Ore  Roaster— D.  W.  Brunton,  Silver  Peak,  Nev. 

The    following    foreign    patents    have   been 
issued  to  residents  of  this  coast: 
English  Patents 
Which  have  passed  the  great  seal: 

104.— Improvements  in  Drilling  Apparatus— H.  Rich- 
mann  and  U.  K.  Arnold,  S.  F.    Jan.  10th,  1879. 

327.— Improvement  in  Baths— W.  Wasson  and  C.  N. 
Harris,  Carson,  Nev.     Jan.  27th,  1879. 

German. 

6,678.— Manufacture  of  Slabs  of  Pebbleb  and  Asphalt 
Zadig  and  Neuberg,  S.  F.  and  Hanover.  Nov.  10th,  1878. 
Victoria. 

2,619. — Improvements  in  Apparatus  Employed  in  the 
Propulsion  of  Tramway  Cars  by  Means  of  Ropbs — Wm. 
Eppelsheimer,  S.  F.     Jan.  30th,  1879. 

Note.— Copies  of  U.  S.  and  Foreign  Patents  furnished 
by  Dewey  &  Co.,  in  the  shortest  time  possible  (by  tel- 
graph  or  otherwise)  at  the  lowest  rates.  All  patent  busi- 
ness for  Pacific  coast  inventors  transacted  with  perfect 
security  and  in  the  shortest  possible  time. 


Notices  of  Recent  Patents. 

Among  the  patents  recently  obtained  through 
Dewey  &  Co.'s  Scientific  Press  American  and 
Foreign  Patent  Agency,  the  following  are  worthy 
of  special  mention: 

Steam  Boiler. — M.  N.  Laufenberg,  S.  F. 
Dated,  May  20th.  This  improvement  in  boilers. 
consists  in  a  novel  construction  of  the  boiler 
and  fire-box,  and  the  parts  relating  thereto,  so 
that  the  inventor  obtains  more  heating  and  tube 
surface,  utilizes  a  certain  portion  of  the  fire-box 
without  decreasing  its  capacity,  and  prevents 
the  clogging  of  the  tubes,  by  inducing  certain 
draft  currents  in  the  fire-box  depending  upon 
its  peculiar  shape,  the  grate  and  draft  openings. 
While  the  engine  is  applicable  to  all  kinds  of 
boilers  and  furnaces,  it  is  especially  applicable 
to  those  where  it  is  intended  to  use  straw  and 
and  other  light  fuels  which  the  draft  has  a 
tendency  to  carry  into  and  agaiost  the  ends  of 
the  flues  so  as  to  clog  them.  The  objects  de- 
scribed the  inventor  accomplishes  by  extending 
the  tubes  into  the  upper  part  of  the  fire-box, 
and  securing  them  into  a  tube  sheet  which  de- 
pends from  the  crown  sheet,  at  a  point  between 
the  front  and  rear  walls  of  the  fire-box,  said 
tube  sheet  extending  across  the  fire-box  so  as 
to  be  united  with  the  side  walls,  while  the 
plate  beneath  the  tubes  is  made  in  the  form  of 
an  arch  so  as  to  concentrate  and  intensify  the 
flame  at  that  point,  and  also  for  the  purpose  of 
preventing  deposits  beneath  the  tubes.  In  com- 
bination with  this  construction,  Mr.  Laufenberg 
employs  a  peculiar  partial  grate,  having  a  draft 
opening  or  space  at  the  rear  and  a  plate  in  front, 
extending  a  short  distance  back  from  the  door 
so  as  to  direct  the  currents  of  air  and  assist  the 
combustion. 

Air  Compressor. — Jno.  B.  Pitchford,  Gold 
Hill,  Nevada.  Dated  May  20th.  The  improve- 
ments in  this  air  compressor  consist,  first,  in  a 
peculiar  construction  and  operation  of  the  dis- 
charge valves,  whereby,  by  suitable  connection 
to  the  stem  of  said  valves,  which  operate  in 
sleeves  or  cylinders,  the  supply  of  water  to  the 
air  cylinder  is  automatically  regulated,  and  no 
water  will  be  used  in  the  cylinder  unless  the 
compressor  is  working,  but  not  then  until  the 
air  valve  opens,  which  is  the  time  it  is  needed. 
Second,  in  the  use  of  a  peculiar  governor  in  the 
steam  cylinder  which  is  so  connected  with  the 
pipes  leading  from  the  compressor  to  the  air  re- 
ceiver, that  the  speed  of  the  engine  is  regulated 
by  the  pressure  of  air  in  the  receiver.  Third, 
in  the  use  of  rubber  plates  on  the  piston  for  the 
purpose  of  reducing  the  clearance  spaces,  by 
means  of  which  almost  all  the  air  can  be  ex- 
pelled from  the  cylinder  at  each  stroke.  It 
further  consists  in  the  method  of  placing  the 
inlet  valves  and  the  drip  plates  connected  with 
them,  and  also  in  combining  brass  rings  and 
hemp  packing  in  the  piston  so  as  to  carry  the 
moisture  all  around  the  piston  in  the  air  cylinder 
by  capillary  attraction  and  thereby  keep  it 
lubricated. 

Fire  Lighter. — Chas.  E.  Thompson,  Stock- 
ton. Dated  May  20th.  This  invention  re- 
lates to  a  device  for  lighting  the  fires  of  engines, 
being  more  particularly  intended  to  be  applied 
to  steam  fire-engines  where  it  is  necessary  to 
start  the  fire  quickly.  The  improvements  con- 
sist in  mounting  on  a  suitable  bar  under  the 
grate  of  the  boiler  a  cup  containing  certain 
chemicals,  and  placing  in  said  cup  a  glass  vial 
of  liquid  which  when  mixed  with  the  chemicals 
in  the  cup  will  generate  a  flame  to  light  the 
kindlings  in  the  fire-box.  Levers  are  arranged 
to  be  operated  from  either  eud  of  the  engine  by 
means  of  cords,  so  that  at  the  proper  moment, 
by  operating  a  lever,  the  glass  vial  containing 


the  liquid  will  be  broken  and  the  liquid  be 
mixed  with  the  chemicals  so  as  to  generate  a 
flame. 

Securing  Boot  Straps.  — C.  W.  Lane,  Au- 
rora, Nev.  Dated  May  6th.  This  is  a  im- 
proved method  of  securing  the  straps  to  boot 
legs  so  that  they  can  be  more  permanently  and 
strongly  fastened,  and  it  consists  in  the  em- 
ployment of  a  metal  clasp  or  rivet  passing 
through  the  strap  and  legging  and  firmly  bind- 
ing them  together. 

Self-Calculating  Weigher. — J.  S.  Phillips, 
S.  F.  Dated  May  20th.  This  is  a  novel  appa- 
ratus for  assayers'  and  prospectors'  use,  which 
is  called  the  "Little  Wonder"  self-calculating 
sample  and  button  weigher.  We  recently 
illustrated  and  described  this  device  in  detail  in 
the  Press. 


News  in  Brief 

Arizona  has  now  ten  newspapers. 

Ottawa  is  plagued  with  the  smallpox. 

Indians  are  committing  murders  in  Texas. 

President  Hayes  has  so  far  scored  five  vetoes. 

Alexandria,  Egypt,  is  threatened  by  a  flood. 

Baron  Rothschild  the  great  banker  is  dead. 

A  disastrous  cyclone  has  occurred  in  Mis- 
souri. 

The  great  Salt  lake  has  risen  11  feet  since 
1857. 

The  increase  of  the  public  debt  for  May  was 
$62,250. 

Bermuda  had  a  heavy  earthquake  on  the 
28th  ult. 

The  river  Po  has  risen  and  threatened  dam- 
age to  Tnrin. 

An  overflow  of  Frazer  river  is  doing  consid- 
erable damage. 

Silver  Keep,  Utah,  has  been  largely  de- 
stroyed by  fire. 

Seventeen  more  Chinese  lepers  have  been 
shipped  for  China. 

The  Columbia  and  Willamette  rivers  in  Ore- 
gon, are  rapidly  rising. 

The  Mechanics'  Bank  at  Montreal,  has  sus- 
pended payment. 

The  Danish  Polar  expedition  has  been  heard 
from,  and  is  safe. 

A  large  barrel  factory  is  to  be  established 
at  Seattle,  W.  T. 

There  were  80  deaths  and  34  marriages  in 
the  city  last  week. 

Malignant  scarlet  fever  is  prevalent  in  Los 
Angeles  county. 

The  late  Kansas  cyclone  killed  40  people  and 
injured  70  or  SO  more. 

A  mountain  lion  is  ravaging  the  Ravens  wood 
mountains  near  Austin. 

The  Manhattan  Savings  Bank  burglars  have 
at  last  betn  discovered. 

There  is  a  strike  in  progress  among  Buffalo, 
N.  Y.,  '"longshoremen." 

A  twelfth  part  of  Warwickshire,  Eng., — 100 
farms — is  advertised  to  let. 

British  troops  in  South  Africa  are  suffering 
from  fever  and  dysentery. 

Russian  grain  crops  are  suffering  from  the 
ravages  of  a  small  insect. 

The  Napa  county  mines  lately  shipped  37,  - 
750  pounds  of  quicksilver. 

The  Portuguese  cabinet  has  resigned  and  a 
new  one  is  to  be  appointed. 

The  new  military  telegraph  is  built  to  within 
18  miles  of  Lewiston,  Idaho. 

During  the  month  of  May  the  San  Francisco 
police  arrested  1,636  persons. 

The  treaty  of  peace  between  England  and 
Afghanistan  has  been  ratified. 

It  is  proposed  to  commence  work  on  the 
Panama  canal  early  in  the  fall. 

This  has  been  the  coolest  season  ever  ex- 
perienced so  far  in  Fresno  county. 

The  Walla  Walla  Statesman  pronounces  the 
Snake  River  mines  a  "  grand  fizzle.  " 

The  wheat  crop  near  Salem,  Oregon,  averages 
three  feet  in  hight,  and  is  very  large. 

Since  cutting  the  hay  crop,  farmers  around 
Chico  are  largely  summer-fallowing. 

The  first  case  of  sunstroke  for  the  season  is 
reported  from  San  Luis  Obispo  county. 

At  the  U.  S.  Mints  during  May,  1,795,090 
pieces  were  coined,  valued  at  $2,094,508. 

The  Khedive  will  accept  the  nomination  of 
European  controllers  with  extended  powers. 

Two  Cheyenne  ladies  have  embarked  in  the 
cattle  business,  with  500  cows  each  as  a  starter. 

Andrus  and  Brannon  islands  are  fast  getting 
out  of  water  and  into  condition  to  raise  crops. 

There  are  300  boats  engaged  in  fishing  on 
the  Sacramento  river,  with  two  men  to  each 
boat. 

A  loan  is  to  be  issued  by  Russia  for  300,000,- 
000  roubles,  to  cover  the  expenses  of  the  late 
war. 

The  Puget  Sound  U.  S.  coast  survey  appro- 
priation has  run  out,  and  work  has  been  sus- 
pended. 

Nine  persons  have  died  at  Newark,  N.  J., 
from  drinking  poisoned  water,  and  other  are  not 
expected  to  live. 

Two  car-loads  of  ore  from  a  Battle  Mountain 
mine,  lately  shipped  to  Salt  Lake  City,  assayed 
§20,000. 

There  has  been  a  great  ermption  of  Mount 
Etna,  and  several  villages  are  seriously  threat- 
ened. 

Up  to  the  1st  of  May  the  losses  in  the  United 
States  this  year  from  fire  have  aggregated  $32,- 
381,000. 

About  4,000,000  tons  of  rails  are  required 
yearly  to  replace  worn  out  stock  on  the  railroads 
now  existing, 


June  7,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


373 


Back  Numbers  Wanted. 

The  following  volumes  and  Biogle  copies,  of 
the  Mining  and  Scientific  Tress  are  wanted 
at  this  office,  for  which  a  reasonable  price  is 
offered: 


2  Complete  volumes,  lat  hall  (of  year). 

2  Copies  of  No.  2,  Jan.  1st. 

1  Copy  each  of   No.  I,  Jan  1st,  3  of  Jan. 

Uth.  7  Feb.  11th,  6  Feb.  4th. 
1  Copy  of  No.  7,  August  lath 
6  Copies  of  No.  1,  Jan.  7th. 
8  Copies  of  No.  5,  Feh.  4th. 
1  Copy  of  No  3.  Jan.   21st,  0  of  Feb.    2d, 
and  1  of  Mav  1st 

1  Copy  of  No.  2,  July  15th,  and  9  Sept.  2d. 

2  Copies  of  No.  4.  Jan.  27th 

3  Copies  of  No.  7,  Feb.  17th. 

3  Copies  of  No  17,  April  27th. 

2  Complete  volume*,  Lust  half  (of  year). 

4  Copies  of  No.  8.  Fub    22d. 

3  Copies  of  No.  0,  March  1st. 

4  Copies  of  No.  10,  March  8th. 
2  Copies  of  No.  7,  Feb   15th. 

1  Copy  of  No.  (J,  Feb.  8th. 

4  Copies  of  No.  20,  Nov.  15th. 
6  Copies  of  No.  21,  Nov.  22d. 
4  Copies  of  No.  24,  Dec.  13th. 

2  Copies  of  No.  4,  Jan.  23rd. 
2  Copies  of  No.  6.  Jan.  30th. 

1  Copy  of  No.  6,  Feb.  oth. 

2  Copies  of  No.  8,  Feb.  20th. 


rmr 

I'olamo. 

1870 

SO 

1870 

20 

1870 

20 

1870 

21 

1871 

It 

1871 

21 

1871 

22 

1871 

43 

1872 

2S 

1872 

21 

1872 

N 

1872 

25 

1873 

20 

1873 

20 

1873 

20 

1878 

20 

1873 

SO 

1873 

27 

1873 

27 

1873 

27 

1876 

30 

1875 

30 

1875 

80 

1876 

30 

Soc-th  Pacific  Coast  Railroad.  -This  popular  tine  has 
made  a  reduction  in  rates  between  San  Francisco  and  San 
Jose  and  Santa  Clara,  to  take  effect  April  1st,  1870,  viz: 
Regular  local  tickets  between  San  Francisco  and  San  Jose, 
11.75;  Santa  Clara,  81.65.  Round  trip  tickets  (good  until 
used)  between  Han  Francisco  and  San  Jose,  83.25;  Santa 
Clara,  $3-05.  Excursion  tickets  sold  Saturday  afternoons 
and  Sunday  mornings  from  San  Francisco  and  Park  street, 
Alameda,  to  Santa  Clara  or  San  Jose  and  return,  82  50; 
good  only  until  Monday  evening  following  date  of  pur- 
chase. Commutation  tickets  good  for  one  round  trip 
dally  during  calendar  month,  between  San  Francisco  and 
San  Jose,  820;  SanU  Clara,  810.  Family  tickets  for  10 
rides  and  30  rides,  also  six  months  and  yearly  commuta- 
tion tickets  en  sale  at  corresponding  reduction  in  rates. 
Geo.  H.  Waggoner,  Gen'l  Pass.  Agent. 

Thos.  Carter,  Superintendent. 


Fresh  attractions  are  constantly  added  to  Wood- 
ward's  Gardens,  among  which  is  Prof.  Gruber'B  great 
educator,  the  Zoographicon.  Each  department  increases 
daily,  and  the  Pavilion  performances  are  more  popular 
than  ever.  All  new  novelties  find  a  place  at  this  wonder- 
ful  resort.     Prices  remain  as  usual. 


Sample  Copies. — Occasionally  we  send  copieB  of  this 
paper  to  persons  who  we  believe  would  be  benefited  by 
subscribing  for  it,  or  willing  to  assist  us  in  extending  its 
circulation.  We  call  the  attention  of  such  to  our  pros- 
pectus and  terms  of  subscription,  and  requcBt  that  they 
circulate  the  copy  sent. 

How  to  Stop  this  Paper.— It  ia  not  a  herculean  task  to 
stop  tbiB  paper.  Notify  tho  publishers  by  letter.  If  it 
comes  beyond  the  time  desired  you  can  depend  upon  it  we 
do  not  know  that  the  subscriber  wants  it  stopped.  So 
be  Bure  and  send  ub  notice  by  letter. 


Settlers  and  others  wishing  good  farming  lands  for 
sure  crops,  are  referred  to  Mr.  Edward  Frisbie,  of  Ander. 
Bon,  Shasta  County,  Cal.,  who  has  some  15,000  acres  for 
sale  in  the  Upper  Sacramento  valley.  His  advertisement 
appears  from  time  to  time  in  this  paper. 


Experimental  Maciiinert,  drawings,  patterns,  models, 
all  kinds  of  electrical  and  telegraphic  apparatus  to  order. 
See  ad.    F.  W.  Fuller,  415  Market  St..  second  floor,  S.  F. 


Chew  Jackson's  Best  Sweet  Navy  Tobacco 


METALS. 

(wholesale. 

Wkdnkhday  m.,  Junel  1879. 

Iron,— 

American  Pig,  soft,  ton 23  00  @26  00 

Scotch  Pig,  ton 25  50  @26  50 

American  White  Pig,  ton 23  00  @ 

Oregon  Pig,  ton 26  50  C* 

Refined  Bar 2J@       3i 

Horse  Shoes,  keg 5  00  @ 

Nail  Rod -S       7 

Norway,  according  to  thickness 6J@       7 

Copper.— 

Sheathing,  lb 34  @     35 

Sheathing,  Yellow 19 

Sheathing,  Old  Yellow — 

Steel.— 

English  Cast,  lb 16  @      17 

Black  Diamond,  ordinary  sizes 16 

Drill 16  (S      17 

Flat  Bar 16  @      19 

Plow  Steel 

Tin  Plates.— 

10x1410  Charcoal 8}< 

10x14  I  C  Coke 7  <§       71 

Banca  Tin .* 18  (*—  20 

Australian 15J@      17 

Zinc— 

By  the  Cask 9  @ 

Zinc.  Sheet  7x3  ft.  7  to  10,  lb.  less  than  cask. .        9  j@—  10 

Nails.— 
Assorted  sizes , 2  90@3  00 

Gold,    Legal    Tenders,    Exchange,   Etc. 

[Corrected  Weekly  by  Sutbo  &  Co.) 

San  FRAJioiaco,  June  ■!,  3  r.  m. 

Silver.  1.10@lj. 

Gold  Barb,  89u@910.  Silver  Barb,  8@19  #  oenfc.  die 
oouxtt. 

Exchange  on  New  York,  20,  on  London  bankers,  49J@ 
49$.  Commercial,  50;  Paris,  five  francs  $)  dollar;  Mexican 
dollars,  89i(&90i 

London  Consols.  97  5-16;  Bonds  (4%).  105J. 

Quicksilver  In  S.  F..  by  the  flask  99  IK  36a 


Signal  Service  Meteorological  Report. 

San  Francisco.— Week  ending  June  3, 1879. 


HIQHRBT  AMD  LOWBBT   BAROMETER. 
May  28  May  29i  May  30    May  31  June  1    June  2     June3 


30.243    30.295    30.201 
30.058    30.24l|  30.104 


30.138 
30.060 


30.103     30.010 
30.025     29.924 


MAXIMUM  AND  MINIMUM  THERMOMETER. 


68 

64     | 

81 

69.7  | 

W 

W     | 

263 

I    192     | 

5-1 


56.: 


MBAN    DAILT    HUMIDITY. 

64.3 1     66.7  I     61.3 

PREVAILING  WIND. 

W     1     W     1     SW 

WIND — MILKS  TRAVELED. 

220      I     184     I     193 

STATE  OF  WEATHER. 

Fair.    I  Clear.  |  Clear.  |    Fair.    |    Fair.   |    Fair. 

RAINFALL  IN  TWENTT-FOtTR  HOURS. 

.41      I  I  III 

Total  rain  daring  the  season,  from  July  1,  1878, 


62 
57.7 
NW 
114 


29.955 
29.904 


75 
61 


SW 
110 

Fair. 


The  Mining  and  Scientific 
Press  Patent  Agency  was  estab- 
lished in  i860 — the  first  west  of 
the  Rocky  Mountains.  It  has 
kept  step  with  the  rapid  march 
of  mechanical  improvements. 
The  records  in  its  archives,  its 
constantly  increasing  library,  the 
accumulation  of  information  ol 
special  importance  to  our  home 
inventors,  and  the  experience  ol 
its  prof  rietors  in  an  extensive  and 
long  continued  personal  practice 
in  patent  business,  affords  them 
combined  advantages  greater 
than  any  other  agents  can  possi- 
bly offer  to  Pacific  Coast  invent- 
ors.    Circulars    of    advice,  free. 

Address 

DEWEY  &  CO., 

202  Sansome  St.,  N.  E.  Cor.  Pine, 

San  Francisco. 


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piping  and  Other  Copipapie?. 


Persons  Interested  In  Incorporated  shares 
will  do  well  to  recommend  the  publication 
of  the  official  notices  of  their  companies 
In  this  paper,  as  the  cheapest  appropriate 
medium  for  the  same. 


STEVENOT'S 

Fine  Gold  Amalgamator. 

Adapted  for  Ores,  Tailings,  Slimes,  Etc. 

TJnequaJed  for  Cheapness,  Lightness  and 
Practical    Resulta 


Cover   Mining   and   Milling    Company.— 

I  act   of  iiUsitii-M    Sad    FRUKImO, 
rata      l-'icutlon  vt  wotkii,   nrar  Drytowo.   Aniador 
Comity.  AlHfftTfllt 

Notloe  l«  lierrhy  Bi»fii  that  nl  tt  m'-i'tlng  of  tin-  It<>:ir>t  <<f 
TnuUw*,  Ik<M  "it    Wc'ltii-BiUy.  tliu  twenty  first   du)    ol   M,i; 

1S73,  »n  tMMnenl  (No.  Sj  i>f  Fury  Oenti per  thwe  «u 

IsrlAd  iii^'ij  Hit-  L.ii.it.i]  atock  of  tht*  oT|.i!r.tt|i.ii,  pHyublo 
iiuiiK'<liiitt'ly  In  (iuld  c-»tn  or  Ii-k»I  cum-ncy  of  tbfl  Dotted 
Htot>.S,  to  tin?  S.-tn.-ttir>"  nt  tin-  "!li'  •■  ill  1  In-  l.'.nuiniiiy,  R  iom 
8,  No.  402  Front  strevt,  8«u  Fraucuco.  C'allf-»riii». 

Any  it"ck  Upon  wlilcli  nalil  UMUment  ibkl]  ri-ninJn  unpaM 
on  Toowlu,  rh-  tiratdayof  July,  1879.  will  bo  delinquent, 
ami  a<lviTtlni'<l  fur  »al«  itt  public  uuctloii,  ami  uiiIcmi  innim-nt 
ir-  nudfl  bofore,  will  W  «.<lil  on  M..nd.ij,  tin-  cb-wutn  day  of 
AuiruBt,  1879,  to  \ny  thfl  ilvllii'iuuut  untiument,  togothir 
with  cost  of  atlvcrtitdng  and  expnOM  of  ttale.  By  order  of 
the  Board  of  Trustee*.  W.  ().  W 1 1. SON.  Kwcrttary. 

Offic«,  Room  8,  No.  402  Front  street,  8an  Krnnciaco,  Cal. 


Rocky  Point  Mining  Company.— Location 

of  principal  place  of  business,  Sun  Francisco,  California. 
Location  of  worka,  Placer  County,  Cal. 
NOTICE.— There  ill  delinquent  upon  tho  following  de- 
scribed Block,  on  account  of  asseBBmcnt  (No.   1)  levied  on 
the  17th  day  01  April,  1^,79,  the  so  vera!  amounts  Bet  oppo- 
site the  names  of  the  respective  shareholders,  as  follows: 
Names.  No,  Certificate.    No.  Shares.      Ain't. 

W  B  Douglass 96 

C  J  Pillsbury 34 

J  C  Rhoads 93 

J  C  Rhoads 95 

J  R  Robbius,  Trusteo 12 

J  R  Robbins,  Trustee 15 

J  R  Robbins,  Trustee 17 

J  R  RobbinB,  Trustee 21 

J  R  Robbins,  Trustee 22 

J  R  Bobbins,  Trustee l>2 

J  R  Robbins,  Trustee (J8 

J  R  RobbinB,  Trustee 77 

J  R  Robbins,  Trustee 78 

J  R  Robbins.  Trustee 85 

J  R  Robbins,  Trustee 86 

J  R  Robbins,  Trustee 116 

J  R  Robblna,  Trusteo 129 

J  K  Cooper,  TruBtee 107 

J  K  Cooper,  Trustee 108 

J  G  Whitney,  Trustee 39 

J  G  Whitney,  Trustee 42 

J  G  Whitney,  Trustee 43 

LA  Hinds 55 

Ambrose  HindB 198 

T  L  BibbinB,  Trustee 98 

T  L  Bibbins,  Trustee 99- 

T  L  Bibbins,  Trustee 101 

T  L  Bibbins,  Trustee 133 

T  L  Bibbins.  Trustee 134 

T  L  Bibbins,  Trustee 139 

T  L  Bibbius,  Trustee  ...;...  145 

T  L  Bibbins,  Trustee 149 

T  L  Bibbins,  Trustee 147 

T  L  Bibbins,  Trustee 150  ( 

T  L  Bibbins,  Trustee 153 

T  L  Bibbins,  Trustee 154 

T  L  Bibbins,  Trustee 167 

T  L  Bibbins,  Trustee 161 

T  L  Bibbins,  TruBtee 162 

T  L  Bibbins,  Trustee 163 

T  L  Bibbins,  Trusteo 170 

T  L  Bibbins,  Trustee 173 

T  L  Bibbins,  Trustee 175 

T  L  Bibbins,  Trustee 182 

T  L  Bibbins,  Trustee 188 

T  L  Bibbins,  Trustee 189 

T  L  Bibbins,  Trustee 191 

T  L  Bibbins,  Trustee 204 

M  J  Rhoads 119 

And  in  accordance  with  law,  and  an  order  of  the  Board 

of  Directors,   made  on  the  Seventeenth   day    of  April, 

1879,  bo  many  shares  of  e-ach  parcel  of  such  stock  as  may 

necessary  will  be  sold  at  public  auction,  in  the  City  of 

San  Francisco,  at  the  office  of  the  Company,  on  Monday, 

the  Sixteenth  day  of  June,  1879,  at  the  hour  of  one  o'clock 

p.  m.    of  said  day,   to  pay  Baid  delinquent    assessment 

thereon,  together  with  costs  of  advertising  and  expenses 

of  the  sale.  T.  L.  BIBBINS,  Secretary. 

Office,  314  Bush  Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


Books  for  Miners  and   Millmen. 


Kubtel'sRoasting  ok  Gold  and  Silver  Ores,  and 
the  extraction  of  their  respective  metals  without  quicksilver. 
Illustrated.  142  pages.  1870.  A  valuable  and  carefully 
written  work.  Postpaid,  §2.50.  Published  and  sold  by 
Dewey  &  Co.,  S.  F. 

Kustel's  Concentration  or  Ores  (of  all  kinds),  inclu- 
ding the  Chlorlnation  Process  for  gold-bearing  sulphurcta, 
araeniurets,  and  gold  and  silver  ores  generally,  with  120  litho- 
graphic diagrams.  1867.  This  work  is  unequaled  by  any 
other  published  embracing  the  subjects  treated.  Post-paid, 
37.50.    Printed  and  sold  by  Dewey  &  Co.,  S.  F. 

Phillh-b"  Explorers,  Miners  and  Metallurgists 
Companion,  comprising  a  practical  exposition  of  the  various 
departments  of  exploration,  mining,  engineering,  assaying 
and  metallurgy.  672  pages  and  83  illustrations.  A  most 
valuable  and  comprehensive  book  of  reference  to  prospectors 
and  practical  miners.  Post-paid,  $10  50  Sold  by  Dewey 
&  Co.,  S.  F. 

AiRON's  Testing  and  Working  Silver  Ores.— Illus- 
trated. 114  pages.  1876.  A  useful  and  practical  work,  free 
from  technicalities  and  extremely  serviceable  for  miners"  usel 
Post-paid,  82.    Published  and  sold  by  Dewey  &  Co.,  S.  F. 

Copp's  Handbook  of  Mining  Laws. —Containing  the 
V.  S.  Mining  Laws,  Digest  of  Decisions,  Forms,  etc,  1877. 
Pocket  size  and  very  handy  and  convenient  for  miners. 
Post-paid,  81.    Sold  by  Dewey  &  Co.,  S.  F. 


23 

<  2  SO 

2000 

200  00 

500 

60  00 

3000 

300  00 

500 

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600 

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2400 

240  00 

^lullWIlft. 


CALIFORNIA  THEATER. 

Barton  &  Lawlor Manager. 

Barton  Hill Acting  Manager. 

LAWRENCE    BARRETT. 

3uBh  Street,  above  Kearny.  Open  every  evening.  Box 
office  open  from  9  A.  u.  to  10  p.  M.  Seats  may  be  secured 
six  days  in  advance. 


BUSH    STREET   THEATER. 

Chab.  E.  Looke Lessee  and  Manager 

H.   M.   S.    PINAFORE. 

Open  every  evening  and  Saturday  Matinee. 

BALDWIN'S  THEATER. 

THOMAS  MAGUIRE Manager. 

F.  Ltster Acting  Manager. 

Chas.  H.  Goodwin Treasurer. 

J.  P.  Chapman Assistant  Treasurer. 

Miss  Rose  Cog-hlan,  Miss  Nina  Varian  and 
the  Regular  Company. 

Corner    Market  and     Powell     StreetB.      Open    every 
evening  and  Saturday  matinee.     Box  office  open  daily. 


FOB.    SALS. 

THE  MACHINERY   AND   PLANT 

—  Of  THE  — 

HOPE    IRON    WORKS, 

—  C0N8I8TINO  OF  — 

Pattern,  Machine  and  Blacksmith  Shop, 
AND   FOUNDRY. 

Address  THE  HOPE  IRON  WORKS, 
Potrero,  San  Francisco, 


No  mechanism  required  u_>  run  it.  Worked  entirely  by 
pressure  of  water  throwing  the  ore  forcibly  on  to  and 
through  a  body  of  mercury. 

E.  K.  STEVENOT, 

Chemist  and  Mining  Engineer, 

304  Montgomery  St.,  San  Francisco. 

REPORTS  MADE  OX  MINES.  Quartz  Mills,  and 
Works  of  every  description  started. 

NOTICE 

TO    THE 

MINING  PUBLIC. 


MESSRS.  RANKIN,  BRAYTON  &  CO.,  of 
the  Pacific  Iron  Works,  are  the  only  parties 
authorized  to  manufacture  HOWELL'S  IM- 
PROVED WHITE  FURNACE  under  the 
License  of  this  Company. 

THE  STETEFELDT  FURNACE  CO., 

By  C.  A  STETEFELDT,  President. 


Referring  to  the  above,  the  undersigned  would  call  at- 
tention to  the  fact  Miat  by  a  compromise  recently  effected 
with  the  STETEFELDT  FURNACE  COMPANY,  they 
have  secured  the  use  of  all  the  patents  of  said  Company 
applying  to 

Revolving  Cylinder  Furnaces, 

And  are  thus  enabled  to  give  purchasers  the  license  of 
all  patent  claimants,  to-wit: 

WHITE,    HOWELL,   THOMPSON, 

—  AND     TUB  — 

Stetefeldt  Furnace  Company, 

Thereby  avoiding  all  further  litigation  in  reference  to 
these  rival  claims.    The  great 

SUPERIORITY  OF  THE  FURNACES 

Embracing  these  patents  has  been  satisfactorily  demon- 
strated. There  arc  now  some  thirty  of  them  in  operation 
in  the  variouB  mining  districts  of  the  coast,  operating  in 
all  cases  wilh  economy  and  satisfaction,  working  in  many 
localities 

THE  BASEST  AND  MOST  REFRACTORY  ORES  UP 
TO  80  AND  95  PER  CENT. 

By  an  improvement — the  patent  for  which  has  recently 
been  allowed— this  Furnace  can  be  readily  adjusted  bo  sh 
to  work  with  equal  facility  ana  effectiveness  all  classes  of 
ores. 

The  following  are  some  of  the  Mining  Companies  who 
have  recently  adopted  this  Furnace,  the  most  of  which  are 
now  in  successful  operation,  many  of  them  running  two 
and  some  three  and  four  Furnaces. 

NEVADA.— Grand  Prize,  Star,  Martin  White,  High- 
bridge,  Columbia,  Alexander,,  Paradiee  Valley,  Jefferson, 
Leopard,  Eagle,  Endowment,  Independence. 

ARIZONA.— Tiptop,  Tiger,  Peck,  Hackbcrry,  Corbin, 
Tombstone,  Bradshaw. 

OREGON— Monumental. 

MONTANA— Alice  Mine,  Butte  City. 

MEXICO— Trinidad,  Harmiguera,  Plomoses. 

PERU— Cerro  de  Dasco. 

RANKIN.  BRAYTON  &  CO., 

Pacific    Iron    Works. 

CAUTION.— All  persons  are  hereby  cautioned  against 
buying  from  other  parties  Furnaces  embracing  the 
improvements  covered  by  the  patents  above  mentioned, 
aB  they  will  be  vigorously  prosecuted  and  involved  in 
heavy  damages. 


The  Best  File  holder.— After  having  used  Dewey's 
patent  elastic  hinge  fileholder  for  over  a  year  past,  the 
News  cheerfully  indorses  it  as  the  best  newspaper  file- 
holder  in  existence,  possessing  important  advantages  over 
any  and  all  others  in  use.  The  holders  are  neat,  light  and 
convenient,  and  the  newspapers  are  placed  in  them  with 
the  utmost  facility  and  least  possible  time  and  exertion. 
Thjy  are  the  simplest,  handiest  and  cheapest  of  all.  Any- 
body keeping  files  of  papers  in  reading  rooms,  offices  or  at 
home,  should  send  at  once  to  the  proprietor,  A.  T. 
Dewey,  San  Francisco,  and  get  the  only  proper  fileholder. 
Samples  by  mail  fifty  cents.— Gold  Hill  News. 


374 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[June  7,   1879. 


Iron  and  (flachipe  Ms. 


THOS.  PENDERGAST.  HENRY  S.  SMITH. 

/ETNA    IRON    WORKS, 

MANUFACTURERS  OP 

IRON  CASTINGS 

and      MACHINERY 

OF  ALL  KINDS. 

Fremont  Street,  Bet.  Howard  and  Folaom, 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 


GEORGE  W.  PRESCOTT. 


IRVING  M.  SCOTT. 


H.  T.  SCOTT. 


Union    [ron   Works. 

Office,  61  First  St.  |  Cor.  First  &  Mission  Sts.,  S.  F.  |  p.   0.   Box,  2128. 


BUILDERS    OF 


Steam,    Air   and    Hydraulic    Machinery. 


SACRAMENTO  BOILER   WORKS, 

214  &  216  BEALE  St.,  (rear  of  JEtnz  Foundry) 

J.  V.  HALL, 

PRACTICAL    BOILER    MAKER, 

Marine,  Stationary  and  Portable  Boilers,  Smoke  Stacks, 

Hydraulic  Pipe,  Oil  or  Water  Tanks,    Ore  and 

Water  Buckets,  Gasometers,  Girders,  Bridges 

and   Iron    Ship   Building-. 

ALL    KINDS    OF   SHEET    IRON    WORK. 

Repairing-   promptly   attended   to    at   the 
lowest   possible   terms. 

UNION  IRON  WORKS, 

SACRAMENTO,    CAL. 
ROOT,    NBILSON    &    CO., 

MANUFACTURERS  OF 

STEAM    ENGINES,  BOILERS   AND    ALL 
Kinds  of  Machinery  for  Mining  Purposes. 

Flouring  Mills',  Saw  Mills'  and  Quartz  Mills'  Machinery 

constructed,  fitted  up  and  repaired. 

Front  Street,  Between  N  and  O  Streets, 

SACRAMENTO,     CAL. 


PHELPS 

MANUFACTURING    COMPANY, 

Manufacturers  of  all  kinds  of 

Wharf  and  Bridge  Bolts,   Railroad  Trestle 

Work,   Car  Frames  and  Bolts,  Machine 

Bolts,   Set  Screws    and   Tap  Bolts, 

Lag   or    Coach    Screws. 

ALL  STYLES   OF  FANCY  HEAD  BOLTS. 

HOT  AND    COLD    PRESSED    HEKAGONAL   AND 

SQUARE    NUTS,    WASHERS,    BOLT    ENDS, 

TURNBUCKLES,    ETC.,    ETC. 

13, 15  and  17  Drumm  St.,  near  California, 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 


Home  Industry.— All  Work  Tested  and  Guaranteed. 


Vertical  Engines, 
Horizontal  Engines, 
Automatic  Cut-off  Engines, 
Compound  Condensing  Engines, 
Shafting, 


Baby  Hoists, 
Ventilating  Fans, 
Kock  Breakers, 
Self-Feeders, 
Pulleys, 


Stamps, 
Pans, 
Settlers, 
Retorts, 
Etc.,  Etc. 


TRY    OUR    MAKE,  CHEAPEST   AND    BEST    IN    USE. 
Send  for  Late  Circulars.  PRESCOTT,  SCOTT  &  CO. 


^W^illiam     Hawkins, 

(SUCCESSOR  TO  HAWKINS  &  CANTRELL). 

^^CEL-IIsriE    WORKS, 

210  and  212  Beale  Street,  bet.  Howard  and  Folsom  Sts.,    -    -    San  Francisco 

Manufacturer    of 

IMPROVED  PORTABLE  HOISTING  ENGINES, 

FOR   MINING    AND    OTHER    PURPOSES. 

Steam  Engines  and  all  Kinds  of  Mill  and  Mining  Machinery. 


Pacific  Rolling  Mill  Co., 

SAN    FRANCISCO,    CAL. 

_  MANUFACTURERS   OF 

RAILROAD  AND   MERCHANT  IRON, 

ROLLED  BEAMS,  ANGLE,  CHANNEL  AND  T  IRON,  BRIDGE  AND  MACHINE  BOLTS,  LAO  SCREWS,  NUTS 
WASHERS,  ETC.,  STEAMBOAT   SHAFTS,  CRANKS,  PISTONS,  CONNECTING   RODS,  ETC.,  ETC. 

Car  and  Locomotive  Axles  and  Frames,  and  Hammered  Iron  of  Every  Description. 

HIGHEST    PRICE    PAID    FOR    SCRAP    IRON. 

JS"  Orders  Solicited  and  Promptly  Executed.  Office,  No.  16  FIRST  STREET. 


Golden  State  &  Miners  Iron  Works, 

Manufacture  Iron  Castings  and  Machinery 
of  all  Kinds  at  Greatly  Reduced  Rates. 

STEVENSON'S  PATENT 

Mold-Board  AMALGAMATORS, 
Golden  State  Pressure  Blowers. 

First  St.,  between  Howard  &  Folsom,  S.  F. 


Wm.  H.  Birch.  John  Augall. 

California    Machine   Works, 
BIRCH,    ARGALL    &    CO., 


119  Beale  Street, 


San  Francisco. 


dSTGeueral  Mechanical  Engineers  and  Machinists. 
Steam  Engines,  Flour,  Quartz  and  Mining  Machinery. 
Sole  manufacturers  of  Brodie's  Patent  Rock  Crushers  and 
Steel-Faced  Tappits.  Steam,  Hydraulic  and  Sidewalk 
Elevators.    Repairing  promptly  attended  to. 


California    Brass    Foundry, 

No,  125  First  Street,  Opposite  Minna. 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 

All  kinds  of  Brass,  Composition,  Zinc,  and  Babbitt 
Metal  Castings,  Brass  Ship  Work  of  all  kinds,  Spikes, 
shea-thing  Nails,  Rudder  Braces,  Hinges,  Ship  and  Steam- 
boat Bells  and  Gongs  of  superior  tone.  All  kinds  of  Cocks 
and  Valves,  Hydraulic  Pipes  and  Nozzles,  and  Hose  Coup- 
lings and  Connections  of  all  sizes  and  patterns,  furnished 
with  dispatch.  «&,PRICES  MODERATE.*^* 

J.  H.  WEED.  V.  KINGWELL. 


STEAM  ENGINES  AND  BOILERS 

Of  all  sizes— from  2  to  60-Horse  power.  Also,  Quartz 
Mills,  Mining  Pumps,  Hoisting  Machinery,  Shafting,  Iron 
Tanks,  etc.    For  Bale  at  the  lowest  prices  by 

J.    HBNDY,  49  and  51  Fremont  Street,  S.  F. 


THOMAS  THOMPSON. 


THORNTON  THOMPSON. 


THOMPSON    BROTHERS, 

EUREKA    FOUNDRY, 

129  and  131  Beale  St.,  between  Mission  and  Howard,  S.  F 

MANUFACTURERS  0¥  CASTINGS  OF  BVERT  DESCRIPTION. 


Fulton    Iron    TS^orks. 

Hinckley,  Spiers  &  Hayes. 

(ESTABLISHED   IN   1855.) 

Works,  Fremont  and  Howard  Sts.  |  San  Francisco,  Cal.  |  Office,  No.  213  Fremont  St. 


MANUFACTURERS    OF 


Marine  Engines  and  Boilers, 

Propeller  Engines  either  High  Pressure  or  Com- 
pound Stern  or  Side  Wheel  Engines. 

Mining  Machinery. 

Hoisting  Engines  and  Works,  Cages,  Ore  Buckets,  Ore 
Cars,  Pumping  Engines  and  Pumps,  Water  Buckets, 
Pump  Columns,  Air  Compressors,  Air  Receivers, 
Air   Pipes. 

Mill  Machinery. 

Batteries  for  Dry  or    Wet  Crushing,    Amalgamating 


Pans,  Settlers,  Furnaces,  Retorts,  Concentrators,  Ore 
Feeders,  Rock  Breakers,  Furnaces  for  Reducing  Ores 
Water  Jackets,  Etc. 

Sugar  Machinery. 

Crushing  Rolls,  Clariflers,  Vacuum  Pans,  Air  Pumps, 
Concentrators,  Bag  Filters,  Charcoal  Filters,  Blow-up 
Tanks,  Coolers  and  Receiving  Tanks. 

Miscellaneous  Machinery. 

Flour  Mill  Machinery,  Saw  Mill  Engines  and  Boilers, 
Dredging  Machinery,  Oil  Well  Retorts,  Powder  Mill  Ma- 
chinery, Water  Wheels. 


PnninOC     anrf     RnilfkrC    of  all  kinds,  either  for  use  on  Steamboats  and  made  in  accordance  with   the 

tilljlllco    dllU     DUIICl  o  Act  of  Congress  regulating  the  same,  or  for  use  on  land.  Water  Pipe,  Pump 

or  Air  Column,  Fish  Tanks  for  Salmon  Canneries  of  every  description. 

Boiler  repairs  promptly  attended  to  and  at  very  moderate  rateB. 


Corner  Beale  and  Howard  Sts., 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 

W.  H.  TAYLOR,  Pres't.  JOSEPH  MOORE,  Sup't. 

Builders  of  Steam  Machinery 

IN  all  its  Branches. 

.    Steamboat,  Steamship,  Land 

Engines  and  Boilers, 

HIGH  PRESSURE  OR  COMPOUND. 


STEAM  VESSELS,  of  all  kinds,  built  complete  with 
Hulls  of  Wood,  Iron  or  Composite. 

ORDINARY  ENGINES  compounded  when  ad- 
visable. 

STEAM  LAUNCHES,  Barges  and  Steam  Tugs  con- 
structed with  reference  to  the  Trade  in  which  they  are 
to  be  employed.  Speed,  tonnage  and  draft  of  water 
guaranteed. 

STEAM  'BOILERS.  Particular  attention  given  to 
the  quality  of  the  material  aud  workmanship,  and  none 
but  first-class  work  produced. 

SUGAR  MILLS  AND  SUGAR-MAKING 
MACHINERY  made  after  the  most  approved  plana. 
Also,  all  Boiler  Iron  Work  connected  therewith. 

"WATER  PIPE,  of  Boiler  or  Sheet  Iron,  of  any  size 
made  in  suitable  lengths  for  connecting  together, 
sheets  rolled,  punched,  and  packed  for  shipment  ready 
to  he  riveted  on  the  ground. 

HYDRAULIC  RIVETING.  Boiler  Work  and 
Water  Pipe  made  by  this  establishment,  riveted  by 
Hydraulic  Riveting  Machinery,  that  quality  of  work 
being  far  superior  to  hand  work. 

SHIP  WORK.  Ship  and  Steam  Capstains,  Steam 
Winches,  Air  and  Circulating  Pumps,  made  after  the 
most  approved  plans, 

PUMPS.  Direct  Acting  Pumps,  for  Irrigation  or  City 
Water  Works  purposes,  built  with  the  celebrated  Davy 
Valve  Motion,  superior  to  any  other  Pump. 


San  Francisco  Pioneer  Screen  Works 

J.  W.  QUICK,  Manufacturbr, 

Several  first  premiums  received 
for  Quartz  Mill  Screens,  and  Per- 
forated Sheet  Metals  of  every 
description.  I  would  call  special 
attention  to  my  SLOT  CUT  and 
SLOT  PUNCHED  SCREENS, 
which  are  attracting  much  at- 
tention and  giving  universal 
satisfaction.  This  is  the  only 
establishment  on  the  coast  de- 
voted exclusively  to  the  manufac- 
ture of  Screens.  Mill  owners  using  Battery  Screens  exten- 
sively can  contract  for  large  supplies  at  favorable  rates, 
Ordere  Bolicitedand  promptly  attended  to. 

32  Fremont  Street.  San  Francisco. 


—  AT  THE  — 

Electric  Model  &  Machine  Works 

Inventors  and    others  can  pret  First-Class 
Work  at  Moderate  Prices. 

Alter  10  years  experience  with  inventions  and  other 
mechanical  work,  I  am  fully  prepared  to  execute  draw- 
ings, working-models  and  fine  machinery  of  any  descrip- 
tion to  entire  satisfaction. 

Brass  Finishing,  Pattern  Making,  Gear  Cutting,  Tele- 
graphic and  other  Electrical  Apparatus  by  competent 
workmen. 

TELEPHONES   TO    ORDER. 
F.  W.  FULLER,  415  Market  Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


PACIFIC    IRON    WORKS, 

First  and  Fremont  Streets,  between  Mission  and  Howard,  San  Francisco,  Cal., 
RANKIN,    BRAYTON    &    CO., 

Manufacturers    of 

ENGINES,  BOILERS,   MARINE   AND    STATIONARY.      PUMPING,   HOISTING,  AND   MINING   MACHINERY 

INCLUDING  BATTERIES,  AMALGAMATING  PANS  AND  SETTLERS,  CONCENTRATORS,  ORE  FEEDERS, 

CRUSHING  ROLLS  AND  ROCK  BREAKERT.    ALSO,  WATER  JACKET  SMELTING  FURNACES, 

FOR  REDUCING  LEAD,  SILVER   AND    COPPER   ORES,  QUICKSILVER   FURNACES, 

RETORTS  AND  CONDENSERS,  ROASTING  AND  CHLORIDIZING  FURNACES, 

SUGAR  MILL   MACHINERY,  WATER   WHEELS,  Etc.,  ALL   OF   THE 

LATEST  AND  MOST  IMPROVED  CONSTRUCTION. 

Agents  for  the  Allen  Engine  Governor,  Bailey  Air  Compressor,  Howell's 
Improved  White  Furnaces,  "Walker's  Compound  Steam  Pumps,  Etc. 


for  sale  cheap  on  easy  terms.    Ad- 
38,  W.  T.  care  of  Dewey  &  Co.,  S.  F. 


Western  Iron  "Works, 

316     and     318     Mission     Street,     San     Francisco, 
PERRY  EDWARDS.  Prop'r. 

Manufacturer  of  Wrought  Iron  Girders,  Trusses,  Prison  Cells,  Iron  Roofs,  Crest 
Railings,  Finials,  Fences,  Weathervanes,  Gratings,  Iron  Work  for  Models,  Etc. 

Nickel  Plated  Railings.        Bank  and  Stor*  Fittings.       Estimates  given  and  Iron  Work  furnished  for  Buildings. 


Dewey&Co.{San?omaest}PatentAg'ts.|     Engraving  done  at  this  office. 


Main    Street    Iron    Works, 

WM.    DEACON,    PROPRIETOR. 

Noa.  131, 133  &  135  Main  St.,  -San  Francisco. 

Stationary  and  Marine  Engines, 

Shafting,  Pulleys,  and  General  Machine  Work.  Jobbing 
and  repairing  done  Promptly  and  at  Lowest  RateB. 
Screw  Propellors,  Propellor  and  Steamboat  Engines. 

SAW  MILLS  and  SAW  MILL  MACHINERY. 


BROWN'S 
Ledger  Papers. 

Acknowledged  to  be  the  best  Papers  for  Blank  Books. 
Will  resist  the  SEVEREST  TEST  of  erasure  and  rewriting. 
Received  the  HIGHEST  AWARD  over  ALL  OTHERS 
from  the  United  states  Centennial  Commission. 
Have  your  Blank  Books  made  from  them,  and  no  other. 

H.  S.  CROCKER  &  CO.,  Sole  Acents. 


GOLD    MINE    WANTED. 

One  now  paying  more  than  expenses.     Addrcs 

W.    S.    KEYES.   M.   E.. 
No.  310  Pine  St.,  Room  42,  San  Francisco 


Mining    Books. 

Orders   for   Mining  and   Scientific  Books  in    general 
will  be  supplied  through  this  office  at  published  rates. 


June  7,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


375 


Union  Eras  Foundry  and  Mechanical  Work  Shop. 

GIOYANNINI  &   CO., 


417  aDd  419  Mission  Street, 


SAN   FRANCISCO. 

o 

The  attention  of  our  ouitomon  and  especially  of  those  Interested  tu 

Wutvr  Works,  C!tw  Work-t  or  Mines  is  respectfully  called  to  our  very  Im- 
portant Improvement  In  thi?  construction  of  Stop  Valves  (or  Gates).  They 
differ  from  all  "there  In  that  the  inner  faces  are  perfectly  parallel,  there- 
fore when  the  Gate  or  Valve  Is  to  be-  opened,  at  the  first  movement  ot  the 
Screw  tli*.-  oentSI  block  (see  cut)  releases  the  disks  from  their  bearings,  so 
that  they  will  more  easily  and  prevent  the  wearing  ot  the  funer  faces. 

This  Gate  i  ■ . l    Droved  very  efficient  in  Pipes  ol  all  sizes,  and  under  any 

1  ■  1  ■ ■ , l  1 1 1 1  from  its  double  form  and  perfect  Joint  formation  is  especially 

valuable  for  use  in  large  Pipes  tor  water,  steam  and  gas,  and  from  its 
avoidance  of  any  wedge  Hlutpc  cannot  jam  at  any  point  (see  cut). 

The  ii.  A  If.  Ynlvt's  (or  Gateslhavenoei|ual  in  simplicity  of  construc- 
tion  of  all  working  parts,  ease  of  access  for  repairs,  and  durability. 

We  have  recently  enlarged  and  fitted  up  our  Brass  Foundry  ami  shop 

with  all  the  litest  improved  Tools  and  Machinery,  thus  greatly  increasing 
our  facilities  for  rapirllyexecuting  orders  for  ull  sizes  of  Stop  Valves  (or 
Gates)  from  three-inch  to  four  fui_-t  iu  diameter,  or  any  size,  to  order.  We 
guarantee  them  to  give  better  satisfaction,  cost  less  money,  and  last 
longer  than  any  other  Valve  in  use. 

We  are  al  10  prepared  to  execute  all  orders  in  Brass  Work  for  Breweries, 
Distilleries,  Plumbers,  Gas  ami  Mining  Apparatus,  Ship  Work.  Boda  Ap- 
paratus, Steiim  Fittings,  Meters,  ( lunges  ami  Indicators.  Also  in  Machine 
Pattern  and  Modal  .Making,  and  Clock  Work.  Gear  cut  to  order.  Brass 
Castings  of  all  kinds.  We  are  confident  of  our  ability,  and  all  orders  en- 
trusted to  us  will  be  executed  with  promptness  and  dispatch. 

GIOVANNINI  &  CO-,  417  &  419  Mission  St.,  S.  F. 

Liberal  Discount  to  the  Trade.  itST'Send  for  Circular 


THE  CALIFORNIA  POWDER  WORKS. 


MANUFACTURERS  OF 


Sporting,  Cannon,  Mining,  Blasting  and 

HERCULES  POWDER 

HERCULES  POWDER  will  break  more  rouk,  is  stronger,  sufer  and  better  than  any  other 
Explosive  in  use,  and  is  the  only  Nitro -Glycerine  Powder  chemically  compounded  to  neutralize 
the  poisonous  fumes,  notwithstanding  bombastic  and  pretentious  claims  by  others. 

It  derives  its  name  from    Hkrculbm,  the  most  famous  hero  of  Greek  Mythology,  who  was  gifted  with  superhuman 

strength.     On  one  occasion  he  slew  several  giants  who  opposed  him,  and  with  one  blow  of 

his  club   broke  a  high  mountain   from  summit  to  base. 


No, 
No. 


1  XX)  is  the  Strongest  Explosive  Known. 

2  is  superior  to  any  powder  of  that  grade, 

PATENTED  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE. 


ORDERS  RECEIVED  FOR  HERCULES  CAPS  AND  FUSE. 
JOHN  F.  LOHSE,  SECY. 

Office,  No.  230  California  Street,  -  -  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


HYDRAULIC  GRAVEL  ELEVATORS 


For  working  11  at 
gravel  mines  that 
have  no  dump.  yr- 

Sluices  gravel  and  fcr- 


water  up  hill  on  an  |=-     -  ET 

angle    of    455,    and  p-_~_-'  Ff=^ 

will  run  any  kind  of  ^      ;|  r,~ 

gr%vel  that  will  run  ^^£^— 

in  a  flume.  Handles 

rocks  as  easy  as  fine  dirt,  and  will  raise  as  much  material  as  the  water  will  carry  oil 

on  6  incheB  grade  to  12  feet.  ,  .  . 

No  bedrock  cuts,  tunnels  or  drains  required.  Machine  a  sufficient  drain  itau 
process  of  mining  the  same  as  any  other  hydraulic  mine.  Is  now  a  practical  success 
places  in  California  and  Oregon.     Send  for  descriptive  circular  to 

JOSHUA    HENDY, 

No.  51  Fremont  Street,  Office  of  the  Hydraulic  Gravel  Elevating  Mining 


in  a  flume 

If,    and  the 
in   various 


Co.,  S.  F. 


STEEL 
CASTINGS. 


Dunham,  Camp  &  Co., 

Nos.  107, 109  &  111  Front  Street,  S.  F. 
Lathe    Without    Saw    Attachments. 


From  1-4  to   10,000  lbs.  Weight. 

True  to  pattern,  souud  and  solid,  of  uneuualcd  strength,  tmixlmesa  and  durability. 

An  invaluulih'  .-uil.stitute  for  forjriiiffB  or  cast-iroj  re-inning  three-fold  strength. 
K.arin"  of  all   kinds.   Shoes,    Dies,    Hanimerhiads.    Crossheails   for  Locomotives,  etc. 
1' 11  ill  Crank  Shafts  1. f  this  Steel  now  rimnii.i:  proved  superior  to  wrought  iron. 
CRANK  SHAFTS.  CROSSHEADS  and  GLARING,  specialties. 
Circulars  and  Price  Lists  free.    Address 

Chester  Steel  Castings  Co. 

Works,  Chester,  Pennsylvania.       407  Library  St.,  Philadelphia 


Superior  Wood  and  Metal  Engrav- 
ing, Electro twing  and  Stereotyp- 

_.....  —  . u  "iDg  done  at  the  office  of  thelliNiNQ 

and  SoiBNTiFic  Prksb,  San  FranciBco,  at  favorable  rates. 
Send  BtamD  for  our  circular  and  sample^. 


Engraving. 


C   U  O  j 

i:.£s 

-O.O  «  -J, 


cs  d  so  a. 


"Si's 

•2  s:-! 


•is  &* 

Hll 

c  22  3  m 

•=sss  • 

•5  j  §'S 


&   3  * 
c   a    ST 


0    C 

3  3. 


Price'of  Lathe  w  thou I  Saw  Attachments $45.         Price  of  Lathe  with  Scroll  Saw  Attachment $35. 

Price  of  Lathe  with  both  Scroll  and  Circular  Saws,  $70. 


wJ?jr\JLXXi.j3    I>rill    OIxtxoIsl. 


Chuck,  for  drills  I  and  under. 
Price) SI. 50 

Chuck,  for  drills  J  and  under. 

Price $2.25 

They  are  made  on   solid  steel 

plug,  centered  and  readily  fitted 

to  Lathe  or  Drill  Press. 

SEND  FOR  CIRCULAR. 


In  consequence  of  spurious  imitations  of 

LEA    AND     PERRINS'    SAUCE, 

which  are  calculated  to  deceive  the  Public,  Lea  and  Perrins 
have  adopted  A  NE  W  LABEL,  bearing  their  Signature, 
thus. 


<£&Os()£%^r< 


-which  is  placed  on  every  bottle  of  WORCESTERSHIRE 
SA  UCE,  and  without  which  none  is  genuine. 

Ask  for  LEA  &•  PERRINS'  Sauce,  and  see  Name  on  Wrapper,  Label,  Bottle  and  Stopper. 
Wholesale  and  for  Export  by  the  Proprietors,  Worcester;  Crosse  and  Blackwell,  London, 
&c,  &c;  and  by  Grocers  and  Oilmen  throv-hout  the  World, 

To  be  obtained  of  CROSS  &  CO..  San  Francisco. 


D.  F   HOTCH1NGS. 


D.  M.  DUNNE. 


J.  SANDERSON 


WATSONVIM.E,  July  29th,  1878, 
Messrs.  Dewey  &  Co.— Gents:— I  was  not  expecting  mv 
patent  so  soon.    You  certainly  kept  your  word  when  you 
said  no  time  would  be  lost,     1  remain,  vourstruly, 

W.  T.  Eastebday. 


ZPBZCEIISrilX    OIL    "WOIR/KIS, 

HUTCHISGS    <fc     CO., 

OIL    and    COMMISSION    MERCHANTS, 

Manufacturers  and  Dealers  In  Sperm,  Whale,  Lard,  Machinery  and  Illuminating  Oils. 

517    FRONT    STREET     SAN    FRANCISCO. 


A  RARE  BUSINESS  CHANCE. 

$250  will  buy  the  Right  for  the  whole  Pacific  Territo- 
ries for  the  BUCKEYE  CLOTHES-LINE  FASTENER 
(iust  patented.)    Large  profits  to  manufacturer. 

Address    JOHN  A.  WORLEY,  Cleveland,  0 


AN    ENGINEER, 

Favorably  known  in  the  East,  de3irous  of  settling  in  Califor- 
nia, seekH  position  as  Superintendent  or  Chief  Draughtsman. 
Competent  to  r.U^ifa'ii  Stationary.  Marine.  Locomotive,  Mill 
Work,  Sugar  and  Hydraulic  Machinery.  Speaks  Spanish. 
Unexceptional  references.    Address  EXPERT,  this  office. 


i 


376 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


f  June  7,   1879. 


Mining  Machinery  Depot, 


No.  417  Market  Street,  San  Francisco. 

NO.   7    IMPROVED 

AIE    COMPRESSOR. 


With  Adjustable  Cut-off  Poppet  Valve  Engine,  and  Forced  Iron  Crank  Shafts. 


SPECIAL    ADVANTAGES. 

Absolute  certainty  in  the  action  of  the  valves  at  any  speed.  Perfect  delivery  of  the  air  at  any 
speed  or  pressure.  The  heating  of  the  air  entirely  prevented  at  any  pressure.  Takes  less  water  to 
cool  the  air  than  any  other  Compressor. 

Power  applied  to  the  best  advantage.  Access  obtainable  to  all  the  valves  by  removing  air  chest 
covers.  Entire  absence  of  springs  or  friction  to  open  or  shut  the  valves.  No  valve  stems  to  break 
and  drop  iuside-of  cylinders. 

Have  no  back  or  front  heads  to  break.  The  only  Machine  that  makes  a  perfect  diagram.  No 
expensive  foundations'  required.     Absolute  economy  in  first  cost  and  after  working. 

Displacements  in  air  cylinder  perfect.  Showing  less  leakage  and  friction  than  our  competitors 
and  a  superior  economy  of  about  20  per  cent. 

Small  Sizes  made  in  Sections  not  to  Exceed  300  lbs. 


A.  S.  HALLIDIE. 

Office,  No.  6  Gal 


Iron  and  Steel  Wire  Rope, 

Flat  and  Round,  for  Mining^  hipping, 
Hoisting  and  Qeman^trposes. 

Having  the/moSt  coVftpIotB \sttT extentiTl 
Wise-Rote  Vrfcrks  id  the>y  nitcd  States.  I  am 
ptep&ed^lQ  m&Wastnia  Wire  Hope  and  Cablet 
of  mnyyenglh  or  size  at  short  notice,  and  guar- 
antee the  quality  and  workmanahip  equal  to 
any  made  at  home  or  abroa£"*v 

Iron,  Steel-4^Gdfva)ized  Wire 

Of  all  Nots  oVham\or-laade  to  order, 

BarljechTence 

Sole  Propri. 

HalMie^-rEfik 

Peft£}^Y*iBpo\atl! 
«VSenAU>r  avircnlar. 

A.  S.  HAXXIDIE. 

Office,  No.  e  California  St..  Ban  Franolso* 


of  Ores. 


re. 


may, 

Etc 


W.    BRUCKNER, 
Mining    Engineer, 

Will  .Contract  for  the  erection  of 

MILLS,    ROASTING    FURNACES,     SMELTING     FUR- 
NACES, AMALGAMATING  WORKS, 

—  ALSO  — 

LEACHING  WORKS, 

With  all  the  Latest  Improvements.  Address 

STATE  ASSAY  OFFICE, 

Safe  Deposit  Building,  Room  16,  San  Francisco. 


BLANK  BOOKS 

MEMORANDUMS 

From  the  celebrated  J.  G.  Shaw  Manufacturing  Co 
Made  from  the  unequalled  Brown's  Lkdcjer 
Papers,  and  unsurpassed  in  Style  of  Binding. 

H.  S.  CROCKER  &  CO. 


The  Greatest  Invention  of  the  Age! 

MACKINNON    PEN. 

THE     NEW     WHITING     INSTRUMENT. 

24  Geary  St.,  San  Francisco. 


Take  the  Paper  that  stands  by  your  in- 
terests. 


MANUFACTURED  UNDER  A.   NOBEL'S  ORIGINAL  AND  ONLY  VALID  NITROGLYCERINE  PATENTS 

Nos.  ONE,    TWO    and    THREE. 
Stronger,    Better  and  Safer  than  any  other  High  Explosive. 


JncLson    Powder 

IS  NOW  USED  IN  ALL  LARGE  HYDRAULIC  CLAIMS. 
It  breaks  more  ground,  pulverizes  it  better,  saves  time  and  money,  and  is    superseding    tbe   ordinary 
powder  wherever  it  is  tried.    ASTTriple  Force  Caps  and  all  Grades  of  Fuse. 

BANDMANN,  NIELSEN    &   CO., 

SAN    FRANCISCO,    CAL. 


VULCAN  BLASTING  POWDER. 

The  Strongest,  Safest,  Most  Uniform  and  Reliable  "HIGH 
EXPLOSIVE"  Manufactured  on  the  Coast. 

MINERS  TESTIFY  THAT  IT  IS   FREE  FROM  OBJECTIONABLE  FUMES. 

We  call  the  attention  of  all  desiring  such  a  Powder  to  our  various  grades,  which 
we  are  prepared  to  sell  at  LOWEST  RATES. 
Un      1   Equalling  Liquid  Nitro-Gl ycerine  In  Strength.    We  recommend  Hub 

No.  2. 

M/*      Q  For   bench  work,   pipe-clay,   soft  and  shelly    rock,  outside    work 

l»U»    *#■        and  quarrying. 

SIngfle  and  Triple  Force  Caps,  Fuse  of  all  Grades,  Vulcan 

Powder  Thawing  Boxes,  Batteries  and  Exploders, 

For  Sale  at  the  Lowest  Rates. 

VULCAN    POWDER    COMPANY, 


Grade  in  extremely  hard  rock,  boulders,  iron,  etc. 
_Will  do  the  work  thoroughly  in  all  but   the    hardest   kinds    of 
"rock. 


Office,  123  California  Street,  RooniB  25  and  £ 


SAN   FRANCISCO,  CAL. 


PIANOS! 


LOWEST  PRICES, 

EASIEST    TEEMS    OP    PAYMENT, 

MOST  RELIABLE  INSTRUMENTS.  Old  Pianos  taken  as  first 
payment  for  new.  All  Instruments  fully  warranted.  Tuning  and 
Repairing.    Pianos  at  Wholesale. 


WALTER  S.  PIERCE,  30  New  Montgomery  St.,  Palace  Hotel,  S.  F. 


MANHATTAN  FIRE  BRICK  AND  CLAY  RETORT  WORKS, 

ADAM    WEBBER,    PROPRIETOR. 
Office— No.    633   East   15th   Street,   New    York 

CLAY  GAS  RETORTS,  (Glazed  and  Unglazed,)  GAS  HOUSE  TILES,  FIRE  BRICK 
BLOCKS,  ETC.,  FIRE  CLAY  AND  SAND  ALWAYS  ON  HAND. 

ASSAY  MUFFLES  AND  FURNACES. 

CUPOLA  BRICKS  FOR    McKENZIE  AND  OTHER  CUPOLAS. 
(Refer  to  the  San  Francisco  Gas  Light  Company  and  to  the  Pacific  RollingMills.) 


totepts 


OBTAINED  IN  U.  8.  AND  FOREIGN 
COUNTRIES;  trademarks,  labels  and  copy- 
rights registered  through  DEWEY  &  CO.  '8 
Mining  and  Scientific  Press  Patent 
Anrancy.  San  Francinco.  Sand  for  free  circular 


Tbis  paper  is  printed  with  Ink  furnished  by 
Chas.  Eneu  Johnson  &  Co.,  509  South  10th 
St.,  Philadelphia  &  59  Gold  St.,  N.  Y. 


507  Mechanical  Movements. 

Every  mechanic  Should  have  a  copy  of  Brown's  507  Me- 
chanical Movements,  illustrated  and  described.  Inventors, 
model  makers  and  amateur  mechanics  and  students,  will 
find  the  work  valuable  far  beyond  its-  cost.  Sold  by 
Dkwky  &  Co.,  Patent  Agents  and  publishers  of  Mining 
and  SCIENTIFIC;  Prbbb,  San  Francisco.  Price,  $1,  (post  paid. 


W.  T.   GARRATT'S 

BRASS  and  BELL  FOUNDRY 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 

MANUFACTURER  AND  IMPORTER  OP 

Church  and  Steamboat  BELLS  and  GONGS 
BRASS  CASTINGS  of  all  kinds, 
WATER  GATES,  GAS  GATES, 
FIRE  HYDRANTS, 

DOCK  HYDRANTS, 

GARDEN  HYDRANTS 

General  Assortment  of   Engineers'  Findings. 

Hooker's    Patent 
Celebrated 

STEAM  PUMP 

Jt3TThe  Best  and  Most 
Durable  in  use.  Also, 
a  variety  of  other 

PUMPS 

For  Mining  and  Farm- 
ing Purposes. 

ROOT'S  BLAST  BLOWERS, 

For  Ventilating  Mines  and  for  Smelting  Works. 

HYDRAULIC    PIPES    AND     NOZZLES, 

For  Mining  Purposes. 

Garratt's    Improved    Journal    Metal. 

IMPORTER  OF 

IRON  PIPE  AND  MALLEABLE   IRON    FITTINGS. 

ALL  KINDS  OF 

WORK  AND  COMPOSITION  NAILS, 

AT  LOWEST  RATES. 


N.    W.    SPAULDING'S 


PATENT  DETACHABLE  TOOTH    SAWS, 

Manfuactory.  17  &  19  Fremont  St.,  S.  F. 


A     CARD. 

To    Parties    Interested    in    Mining: 
and  Milling. 

Call  at  J.  HENDY'S,  N.  E.  corner  of  Mission  and 
Fremont  Streets,  San  FrauciBco,  and  examine  COLEMAN'S 
PATENT  SLUICE.  It  will  save  both  float  and  flour  Gold. 
The  best  Bystem  yet  devised.  No  power  required  to  work 
Examine  it  and  judge  for  yourselves  before  purchas- 
ng  elsewhere. 


PAUL'S    AMERICANIZED    ARASTRA. 

This  is  a  cheap,  first-class  Pulverizing  and  Aina'gamatiog 
Machine,  and  one  by  which  the  miner  is  certain  to  make 
money.  With  a  crusher,  it  makes  the  cheapest  and  best  kind 
of  a  Prospecting  Mill;  to  use  in  connection  with  Stamp  Bat- 
teries it  haR  no  superior.  Call  and  see  it,  or  send  for  circulars 
to  Almarik  B.  Paul,  Room  20,  Safe  Deposit  Building,  S.F 


3  V      JJIJW'KV      A 
Publlshors. 


SAN  FRANCISCO,  SATURDAY,  JUNE  14,  1879. 


VOLl/ME  sxxvm 


The  Discovery  of  Gold  in  India.— No.  2. 

The  dip  of  the  South  Wynaad  ledgea  is  nearly 
always  to  the  eaat,  and  at  the  higher  peaks 
where  outcrops  appear,  is  very  low — only  about 
10\  the  ledge  sometimes  forming  the  back  or 
slope  of  a  hillside — on  entering  lower  ground 
they  are  found  to  increase  in  dip,  and  average 
from  15'  to  30'.  Almost  invariably  where  the 
lelge  runs  parallel  to  the  run  of  the  hill,  an  ab- 
rupt and  steep  fall  will  be  found  to  occur  to  the 
west  of  the  strike,  forming  a  bold  escarpment, 
while  on  the  eastern  side  the  Blope  of  the  hill  is 
very  gradual.  This  is  caused  by  the  hard  over- 
lie and  top  of  the  ridge  forming  a  back  and  pro- 
tection to  the  eastern  slope,  enabling  it  to  resist 
the  action  of  denudation,  while  the  western  has 
heen  completely  denuded.  The  underlie  on  the 
western  aide,  the  soft  foot-wall,  and  the  soft 
schistose  casings  beneath  easily  disintegrating 
and  crumbling  away;  thus  land  slips  are 
formed,  resulting  in  an  eacarpment,  and  the 
gradual  wearing  away  of  the  ledge  from  west  to 
east.  Fig.  1  shows  the  section  of  a  hill  in  the 
neighborhood  of  Monarch  Reef,  which,  as  we 
mentioned  in  a  former  article,  has  been  traced 
for  nine  miles.  The  figure  shows  the  outcrop 
of  the  ledge,  and  the  manner  in  which  the  ledge 
is  gradually  wearing  away  from  west  to  east; 
a  shows  the  hard  surface  of  the  ledge,  which 
for  some  distance  forms  the  surface  of  the  east- 
ern slope  of  the  hill;  b,  soft  foot-wall;  c,  c, 
leaders  and  soft  ground,  full  of  ferruginous 
bands  of  quartz  laminated  with  mother  rock, 
decomposed  soft  laminated,  and  very  varied, 
but  all  red  or  yellow  in  color;  d,  d,  thin  strata 
of  underlying  talcose  schist;  e,  boulders  of  com- 
pact veinstone,  fallen  down;  dotted  lines  show 
where  the  ledge  had  once  continued,  but 
through  vast  ages  had  washed  away;  x,  x,  x, 
vast  old  workings  and  remnants  of  extensive 
sluicing  and  washing. 

The  rude  implements  possessed  by  the  ancient 
miners  prevented  them  working  the  dense,  com- 

Eact,  adamantine,  but  richer  stone  of  the 
sdges,  and  their  efforts  were  directed  solely  to 
the  working  of  the  soft  ledges  and  debris  car- 
ried down  into  the  valleys  by  denudation  of  the 
higher  ledges,  and  to  the  sluicing  down  of  Boft 
•earth  and  cement,  afterwards  collecting  the 
gold  which  settled  down  among  the  stones 
which  paved  the  bottom  of  the  sluices.  And 
Fig.  1  shows  the  advantages  taken  by  them  of 
the  workings  of  nature  in  denuding  the  hard 
and  unyielding  ledges,  which  would  naturally 
resist  their  unaided  efforts.  Their  intelligence 
taught  them  the  necessity  of  desulphurizing  ore 
by  means  of  fire,  especially  in  the  reduction  of 
auriferous  pyrites.  Our  means  of  knowledge 
concerning  their  implements  are  very  limited, 
yet  we  may  very  correctly  infer  the  absence  of 
durable  implements,  since  none  are  found  in 
this  district,  imperfect  as  the  exploration  has 
heretofore  been,  but  a  more  careful  survey  of 
the  whole  field  may  disclose  evidences  which 
will  connect  the  workings  of  the  ancient  East 
Indian  miner  with  his  equally  ancient  co-worker 
in  the  mines  of  Arizona  and  Mexico.  That 
they  had  a  substantially  correct  knowledge  of 
mining  is  evident  from  their  calcining  aurifer- 
ous pyrites  before  crushing,  washing  and  amal- 
gamating the  residual  fine  gold.  The  retraced 
sluicings,  as  illustrated  in  the  last  number  of 
this  journal,  and  Fig.  2,  here  subjoined,  show 
an  intelligent  capacity  not  altogether  in  accord- 
ance with  our  first  crude  impressions  of  aborig- 
inal contrivances. 

Mr.  Brough  Smyth,  who  was  for  many  years 
Secretary  of  the  mines  at  Melbourne,  states 
that  the  yield  of  the  ledges  in  this  district  va- 
ries from  a  few  pennyweights  to  200  ounces  of 
gold  per  ton  of  ore.  As  labor  is  extremely 
cheap  at  South  Wynaad,  it  is  declared  that 
from  one-half  to  three-quarters  of  an  ounce  per 
ton  of  ore  would  yield  large  profits.  And  Mr. 
Smyth's  discoveries  leave  no  doubt  as  to  the 
value  of  this  district.  A  complete  report  will 
shortly  be  forthcoming,  which  we  hope  to  lay 
before  our  readers  at  an  early  day.  Our  pres- 
ent impression  is  that  there  will  not  be  very 
much  emigration  to  these  gold  fields,  owing  to 
the  probably  unfavorable  climatic  difficulties. 
All  present  information  is  very  meager,  and  we 
can  only  wait  to  ascertain  whether  our  own 
slope  is  to  have  "a  formidable  rival  in  another 
English  possession. 


The  San  Francisco  Free  Library. 

The  Free  Library  was  formally  opened  in  this 
city  last  Saturday  evening,  with  quite  a  good 
attendance.  The  President  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees,  Mr.  Rogers,  made  a  statoment  to  the 
public  concerning  the  inception  and  difficulties 
in  organizing  the  library.  He  explained  the 
character  of  the  "  Free  Library  Bill,"  of  which 
he  was  the  framer.  He  stated  that  although 
the  Supervisors  were  empowered  to  give  one 
mill  on  the  dollar  of  the  taxation,  equal  to 
§240,000,  to  the  library  fund,    they  had  only  \ 


Lubricators. — The  value  of  a  lubrioating  oil 
lies  in  its  anti-friction  qualities.  The  majority 
of  lubricators  presenting  a  smooth  surface  to 
machinery  in  rapid  motion,  do  not  for  that  rea- 
son possess  good  qualities  as  a  lubricatine  me- 
dium. Microscopic  examination  reveals  the 
fact  that  certain  oils  contain  a  greater  or  less 
number  of  globular  bodies,  and  the  greater  the 
mass  of  globules  the  greater  the  lubricating  prop- 
erties, because  the  friction  being  distributed 
among  many  globular  bodies  relieves  the  ma- 
chinery and  increases  the  motion.  Friction 
rollers  indeed  are  frequently  used  to  lessen  fric- 
tion, but  oils  which  contain  unbroken  globules 


PIG.    1.    DENUDATION    AND    ANCIENT    WOBKINGS. 


given  one-tenth  or  §24,000.  The  Trustees  find- 
ing that  they  had  so  small  an  amount,  deemed 
it  advisable  to  let  it  accumulate  until  there  was 
funds  enough  to  buy  more  books.  The  result 
is  that  the  library  hall  had  been  taken,  fitted 
up  with  reading  tables,  newspapers,  etc.,  and 
nearly  6,000  volumes  of  books,  of  which  proba- 
bly one-half  are  books  of  reference,  at  a  total 
expense  of  some  $12,000  to  date;  and  they  pro- 
pose to  make  a  circulating  library  as  soon  as 
there  are  books  to  justify  it. 

The  next  point  touched  upon  by  Mr.  Rogers 
was  that  after  they  had  received  the  assurance 
of  all  the  city  officers  that  the  money  would 


answer  the  purpose  perhaps  better  and  at  less 
expense.  It  is  in  the  manufacture  of  the  lubri- 
cator that  the  oil  globules  are  broken  up  or  pre- 
served intact;  if  broken,  its  value  as  a  lubrica- 
tor is  lessened,  while  if  preserved  entire  its 
value  is  increased.  The  microscope  reveals  the 
quality  of  the  oil  and  determines  its  value  as  a 
lubricator. 

Personal. — On  Monday  next  one  of  our 
pioneer  citizens,  Mr.  O.  C.  Wheeler,  leaves  by 
the  overland  route  for  the  East,  whither  he 
goes  partly  to  fulfill  certain  literary  engage- 
ments and  partly  to  look  after  the  business  of 


FIG.    2.      USE    OP    FIRE    IN    ANCIENT    MINES. 


be  forthcoming  when  needed,  at  the  last  mo- 
ment the  Mayor  vetoed  the  appropriation, 
and  they  now  have  no  funds,  although  the 
money  had  been  paid  in  by  the  public,  and  they 
are  entitled  to  the  benefits  for  the  purpose  for 
which  it  was  paid  in.  The  library  has  now, 
however,  opened,  and  he  hoped  it  would  never 
be  closed. 

After  Mr.  Rogers  had  concluded,  he  called 
upon  Mr.  Hallidie  to  make  an  address,  which 
contained  so  many  facts  of  interest  that  we 
shall  publish  it  in  our  next  issue  in  full.  Judge 
Sawyer,  Henry  George  and  Ira  P.  Rankin  also 
spoke,  and  the  library  was  declared  open. 

On  Sunday  there  were  700  visitors;  on  Mon- 
day, S50;  and  on  Tuesday,  1,117  visitors — an  in- 
crease showing  evidence  of  popularity.  The 
library  is  at  Pacific  hall,  on  Bush  street,  juat 
above  the  California  theater. 


the  Central  Pacific  Railroad  Company,  in  whose 
service  he  occupies  an  important  and  responsi- 
ble position.  The  gentleman  has  been  a  resident 
of  California  since  February,  '49,  having  arrived 
via  the  Isthmus  of  Panama  on  the  first  steamer 
that  ever  entered  this  port.  During  his  long 
residence  on  this  coast  Mr.  Wheeler  has  oc- 
cupied a  most  useful  and  honorable  sphere  in  a 
way  that  has  secured  to  him  the  esteem  of 
numerous  friends  and  the  confidence  of  the 
general  public.  During  his  absence  in  the  East 
he  will,  in  response  to  an  invitation  from  the 
Faculty  of  the  Southwestern  University,  at 
Jackson,  Tenn.,  deliver  the  annual  literary 
address  before  that  institution. 


Three  hundred  skiUed  ribbon  weavers  have 
left  Mulhouse,  Alsace,  for  the  New  Jersey  silk 
manufactories. 


Gold  Mining  in  California. 

Notwithstanding  the  advent  of  the  regular 
wet  season  was  later  by  two  months  than  usual, 
the  present  is  likely  to  prove  a  fairly  prosperous 
year  with  the  placer  miners  of  California.  The 
rains  after  they  set  in  were  abundant,  timely 
and  long-continued,  having  fallen  at  just  the 
right  intervals  and  kept  on  until  late  in  the 
spring.  The  weather  too  throughout  the  win- 
ter  and  early  spring  was  generally  favorable, 
the  temperature  being  suoh  that  the  water  was 
not  frozen  up  about  the  sources  of  the  ditches, 
nor  the  latter  much  obstructed  with  enow  and 
ice  further  down.  The  water  supply  to  the 
hydraulic  miners  has  therefore  been  ample,  and 
the  conditions  under  which  they  have  been  per- 
mitted to  use  it  all  that  could  be  desired.  Being 
ready  to  employ  the  water  as  soon  as  it  oame, 
their  claims  having  been  gotten  into  good  shape 
betimes,  this  class  of  miners  have  made  the  most 
of  their  opportunities  and  will  have  reason  to 
be  satisfied  with  the  results  of  the  season's 
work,  now  with  the  small  operators  drawing 
towards  its  close.  The  big  companies,  who  for 
the  most  part  own  their  own  ditches,  reservoirs 
and  sources  of  water  supply,  will  be  able  to 
continue  piping  for  several  months  yet,  some  of 
them  with  a  diminished  head  till  the  advent  of 
the  fall  rains. 

With  the  perfection  to  which  this  method  of 
gold  gathering  has  been  brought,  it  stands  now 
in  the  foremost  rank  of  our  mining  industries,  a 
position  it  will  doubtless  be  able  to  hold  here- 
after. This  department  of  the  business  does 
not,  however,  offer  a  very  wide  field  for  invest- 
ment, the  unappropriated  water  at  command 
being  insufficient  for  any  groat  increase  of  gravel 
washing.  Properties  furnished  with  water  and 
containing  material  of  the  right  kind,  with  good 
outlet  and  other  favorable  conditions,  offer  the 
very  best  openings  for  investment  to  be  found 
in  the  entire  range  of  mining  enterprise,  while 
those  differently  situated  present  few  attractive 
features  to  capital. 

Of  our  leading  hydraulic  companies  it  may  be 
observed  that  the  North  Bloomfield,  the  Miiton 
and  the  Eureka  Lake  companies,  on  the  San 
Juan  divide,  are  all  running  to  their  fullest 
capacity  and  will  make  large  profits  the  present 
year.  About  Quaker  Hill,  Little  York,  Dutch 
Flat  and  Gold  Run,  as  many  as  25  or  30  compa- 
nies are  yet  actively  at  work  and  will  clean  up 
more  gold  this  season  than  ever  before.  The 
Excelsior  company  at  Smartville  are  running 
off  an  immense  quantity  of  gravel  with  fair 
returns,  the  extensive  repairs  on  their  main 
trunk  ditch  having  been  completed.  In  Butte, 
Sierra,  Plumas  and  Trinity  counties  the 
hydraulic  miners  are  doing  extremely  well, 
some  new  claims  here  having  lately  been  brought 
into  a  productive  condition.  Along  Slate  creek 
and  at  La  Porte  there  is  more  gravel  washing 
being  done  than  usual,  while  at  Brandy  City  a 
very  satisfactory  state  of  things  is  reported. 
This  extensive  property  has  lately  been  put  in 
good  shape,  some  much-needed  repairs  on  the 
ditches,  flumes,  etc.,  having  been  effected. 
When  the  bedrock  tunnel,  now  in  progress 
here  with  that  projected  and  about  to  be  com- 
menced, shall  reach  completion,  the  production 
of  this  mine  will  be  more  than  doubled,  insuring 
for  it  a  long  and  prosperous  career.  From  every 
hydraulic  camp  on  the  ForeBt  Hill  divide  we 
receive  good  accounts — also  cheering  news  from 
the  hydraulic  mines  of  El  Dorado  and  Amador. 
At  Blue  Tent  the  breaking  of  a  dam  has  tem- 
porarily interfered  with  work,  but  the  structure 
is  to  be  at  once  repaired,  when  operations  wiU 
go  on  as  before. 

Quartz  mining  in  California  is  making  head- 
way from  one  end  of  the  State  to  the  other. 
Indeed,  of  this  business,  it  may  be  said  that  it 
was  never  in  a  more  prosperous  or  promising  con- 
dition than  at  present.  Drift  mining  is  also 
making  good  returns  and  undergoing  steady 
expansion,  new  shafts  and  tunnels  being  started, 
and  those  already  under  way  pushed  ahead  all 
over  the  State.  Wing-damming  will  be  under- 
taken at  a  good  many  points  along  the  Califor- 
nia rivers  this  summer,  and  some  of  the  dredg- 
ing schemes  before  inaugurated  be  again  re- 
vived as  soon  as  the  water  reaches  a  low  stage. 


The  average  weekly  shipment  of  dead  beef 
from  Boston  to  Europe  is  about  200  carcasses, 


378 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


lJune  14,  1879. 


yORRESPONDENCE. 


We  admit,  unendorsed,  opinions  of  correspondents.— Eds. 


Letter  from  Arizona. 

Extent  of  Arable  Land  in  the  Territory. 

Editors  Press: — There  is  in  Arizona  but  a 
comparatively  small  amount  of  land  that  will 
produce  crops  of  any  kind  without  irrigation, 
Here  and  there  little  valleys  of  a  few  acres  exist 
high  up  among  the  rugged  mountains,  where 
vegetables  could  be  grown  without  other  water 
than  the  natural  rainfall.  As  for  farming  on 
any  considerable  scale,  it  is  not  to  be  thought  of 
without  water  artificially  applied;  portions, 
though  not  all  of  the  valley  lauds  along  the  San 
Pedro,  Santa  Cruz,  Gila,  Salinas  and  other 
rivers,  yield  abundant  crops  of  the  cereals 
where  a  sufficient  supply  of  water  can  be 
brought  upon  them.  As  yet,  farmers  have  con- 
fined themselves  chiefly  to  raising  wheat,  corn 
and  barley,  but  it  has  been  proven  that  the  soil 
and  climate  are  adapted  to  the  culture  of  the 
semi-tropical  fruits  and  other  products,  and 
these  will  be  progagated  more  extensively  as 
population  increases. 

Scarcity    of  Water— Settling    in    Colonies. 
Sinks.  Etc. 

The  essential  defect  of  the  country  is  a  lack 
of  water.  In  some  places  it  is  found  where  it 
cannot  be  used;  in  others  it  ia  wanted  where  it 
cannot  be  found;  and  in  a  few  places  there  is 
plenty  where  it  is  needed,  as,  for  example,  about 
the  town  of  Phoenix,  in  the  Salinas  River  val- 
ley, where  large  tracts  regularly  yield  fine 
crops,  and  the  community  shows  a  condition  of 
general  prosperity.  Here  thewater  has  not  yet 
been  all  appropriated,  and  there  is  still  plenty 
of  fine  land  for  improvement,  more  in  fact  than 
there  is  water  to  irrigate.  The  settlers  or  col- 
ony which  proposes  to  enter  upon  farming  here, 
has  several  difficulties  to  surmount  in  the  start. 
As  these  troubles  are  better  overcome  by  com- 
panies than  individuals,  it  ia  usual  to  form  col- 
onies for  the  purpose;  each  member  owning  cer- 
tain land  and  water  privileges  as  may  be  agreed 
upon.  The  first  condition  is  to  find  enough 
water  for  the  purpose.  This  occurs  only  at 
intervals  along  the  rivers,  the  water  flowing 
sometimes  for  miles  at  a  stretch  far  beneath  the 
surface  of  the  loose  sand  which  forms  their  beds, 
and  only  rising  at  points  where  the  bedrock  ob- 
structs its  underground  course.  The  taking  of 
all  the  water  out  of  the  rivers  at  certain  pointa 
seems  to  have  only  a  local  effect.  At  the  pres- 
ent time  the  bed  of  the  Gila  is  dry  at  Florence, 
the  water  all  being  in  use,  while  20  miles  below, 
the  water  having  gradually  come  in,  flows  with 
a  volume  quite  as  large  as  at  Florence.  This 
ahowa  that  the  rivera  carry  a  great  deal  more 
water  than  might  be  supposed,  and  fortunately 
that  settlers  above  will  not  interfere,  to  any 
great  extent,  with  the  prior  rights  of  those  be- 
low. In  preparing  for  irrigation,  large  allow- 
ances must  be  made  for  loss  by  evaporation  and 
sinking  in  the  light,  loose  aoil  through  which 
the  asequias,  or  ditches,  have  to  be  carried.  It 
sometimes  happens  that  the  water  taken  out 
does  not  last  to  reach  the  land  for  which  it  is 
intended.  The  amount  required  per  acre  varies 
greatly  with  circumstances,  but  a  safe  and  gen- 
eral rule  is  to  take  all  that  can  he  had  and  cul- 
tivate as  much  land  as  it  will  supply. 
Irrigation— Its  Difficulties  and  Importance. 

The  next  trouble  lies  in  getting  the  water  up 
from  its  natural  channel  to  an  elevation  from 
which  it  will  flow  to  the  arable  lands.  This  is 
often  difficult,  and  in  many  places  impoaaible, 
as  the  river  beda  are  usually  from  10  to  20  feet 
below  the  desired  level  and  hedged  on  either 
side  by  a  belt  "of  loose  aand,  through  which  it 
cannot  eaaily  be  carried  without  fluming.  There 
are  places,  however,  where  the  channel  is 
croaaed  by  dikes  of  hard-pan  or  country  rock. 
These  are  selected  for  the  construction  of  dams, 
which  require  to  be  laid  on  good  foundations  to 
withstand  the  winter  freshets,  which  sometimes 
carry  them  away,  necessitating  rebuilding.  The 
irrigating  ditchea  are  here  made  wide  and  shal- 
low, and  with  as  little  fall  aa  possible,  the  land 
being  so  nearly  level  that  it  is  necessary  to  keep 
the  water  as  high  as  possible  to  be  able  to  dis- 
tribute over  the  entire  surface.  The  construc- 
tion of  these  canala  is  not  very  expensive,  the 
soil  being  so  light,  with  little  rock  and  no  tim- 
ber obstructions  to  remove,  that  the  work  can 
nearly  all  be  accomplished  with  plows  and 
scrapers.  Once  having  the  water  at  a  proper 
hight  and  clear  of  the  sand  belt,  it  ia  a  compara- 
tively light  task  to  carry  it  where  wanted.  In 
some  sections  the  canals,  when  in  constant  sum- 
mer use,  become  obstructed  with  a  apeciea  of 
water-grass,  which,  fastening  its  roots  on  the 
inner  banks,  grow  so  rapidly  that  it  has  been 
known  to  attain  a  length  of  two  feet  in  a  couple 
of  weeks.  Its  long  fibers  waving  in  the  stream 
from  either  bank  become  entangled,  and  unless 
removed  from  time  to  time,  choke  up  the  chan- 
nel. A  ditch  less  than  a  mile  in  length,  near 
Tucson,  requires  the  constant  labor  of  one  man 
to  keep  it  clear  of  this  intrusive  fiber.  The 
trouble,  however,  can  be  averted  by  turning  the 
water  off  for  a  few  days,  when  the  burning  sun 
quickly  scorches  the  grass  to  death. 

Land  and  Land  Grabbing1. 

As  before  remarked,  of  the  vast  area  of  thia 
Territory,  but  a  diminutive   fraction  is  suitable 


for  grain  raising  in  its  natural  state.  There  is 
much  good  land  along  the  river  valleys  still 
open  to  pre-emption  and  entry  under  the  Desert 
act,  the  moat  of  it  being  desert  land.  Indeed, 
all  that  skirting  the  rivera  for  many  miles  where 
they  run  underground  is,  of  course,  worthless. 
Much  of  the  land  is  too  high  for  irrigation, 
even  could  the  water  be  had;  and  still  a  great 
deal  is  in  itself  so  sterile  that  no  amount  of 
water  or  culture  could  make  it  profitable.  Land 
grabbing  has  not  been  indulged  in  here  to  any 
great  extent,  or  any  material  profit  as  yet.  In 
several  cases  the  grabbers  have  quite  over- 
reached themselves  by  acquiring  large  tracts 
which  were  afterwards  found  to  contain  but  a 
very  small  proportion  of  available  soil;  and  they 
have  diacovered  that  it  is  possible  to  loose 
money  on  land  even  at  two  bita  an  acre.  Those 
who  think  of  settling  here  cannot  be  too  strong- 
ly urged  to  examine  carefully  into  the  foregoing 
points — the  idea  prevailing  to  some  extent  that 
land  which  can  be  had  for  a  trifle  or  nothing  is 
better  than  no  land  at  all.  There  are  countless 
miles  of  country  here  that  would  break  the 
capitalist  who  tried  to  work  it,  even  if  he  got  it 
for  nothing.  Still  it  must  not  be  inferred  that 
there  are  no  lands  left  which  can  be  acquired 
and  worked  to  advantage;  on  the  contrary, 
there  are  many  opportunities  for  either  colonies 
or  individuals  to  settle  here,  and  by  industry 
and  perseverance  acquire  a  competence.  The 
precautions  to  be  observed  are  to  get  lands  fer- 
tile in  themselves,  and  which  can  be  supplied 
with  an  abundance  of  water.  Much  of  the 
choice  land  on  the  Santa  Cruz  and  San  Pedro 
rivera  has  already  been  pre-empted  or  taken 
under  the  Deaert  land  act,  but  both  the  Salinas, 
or  Salt  as  it  ia  here  called,  aa  well  as  on  the 
Gila  river,  there  is  much  good  land  that  can  be 
had  for  the  taking,  and  which  could  be  culti- 
vated to  great  profit. 

Local  Causes  of  Disease. 
A  disease  of  the  aame  type,  but  differing  in 
some  respects  from  the  ordinary  chills  and  fever, 
is  quite  prevalent  on  the  San  Pedro  and  in  other 
localities  where  the  indigenous  growth  of  cotton- 
wood,  willow  gourd  vines,  and  other  vegetation 
ia  heavy  and  luxuriant.  This  is  partly  attri- 
buted to  the  fact  that  our  two  rainy  seasons,  in 
conjunction  with  the  very  warm  weather,  cause 
rapid  and  excessive  decay  of  vegetable  matter. 
It  is  believed  that  the  sickness  will  diminish 
rather  than  increase  aa  the  native  growths  are 
rooted  out  and  the  land  comes  under  careful  and 
systematic  cultivation,  for  in  the  older  settled 
communitiea,  such  aa  Florence  and  Phcenix,both 
farming  centers,  this  complaint  is  not  prevalent. 
With  thia  exception,  the  whole  country  may  be 
regarded  as  one  remarkably  healthy,  though 

The  Climate  and  Its  Effects 
Prove  decidedly  enervating  to  some  constitu- 
tions, many  being  so  overcome  by  it  as  to 
readily  fall  into  idle  and  thriftless  habits. 
Thia  ia  very  apt  to  happen  with  persons  thrown 
much  into  the  company  of  Mexicans,  who 
form  a  large  portion  of  the  present  population, 
and  who,  as  a  class,  are  but  little  in  advance  of 
the  native  Indians.  Like  the  helpless  shell- 
fish they  lie  demurely  waiting  any  morsel  that 
the  tide  may  bring  them,  actual  starvation  be- 
ing the  only  thing  that  can  stimulate  them  to 
exertion.  To  sit  all  day  long  in  the  shade,  the 
first  duty  of  life  being  rest  and  sleep,  with  a 
diet  of  jerked  beef,  chile  pepper  and  unleavened 
bread;  watermelons  in  season  being  considered 
luxuries,  and  his  head  wreathed  in  the  smoke  of 
his  cigarita,  is  the  highest  happiness  and  chief 
aim  in  life  with  the  natives  of  this  country. 
When  he  haa  the  ambition  to  try  and  raise  a 
patch  of  grain  he  yokes  two  steerB  together  by 
the  horns,  and  uaes  a  forked  tree  for  a  plow,  cut- 
ting one  prong  short  and  aharpening  it  to  scratch 
up  the  soil;  the  other  being  left  long  enough  to 
form  a  tongue  to  reach  to  the  yoke.  The  irri- 
gation of  the  field  is  intrusted  to  a  half-clad 
vagabond  called  a  peon,  who  discharges  his  du- 
ties in  a  listless  and  slovenly  way.  When  the 
crop  requires  to  be  harvested,  he  gathers  a 
crowd,  and  with  butcher-knives,  swords  and 
sickle,  send  them  forth  to  gather  the  heads  by 
hand  into  little  piles  of  10  or  15  pounds  each. 
He  then  tiea  hia  steers  to  a  dry  raw-hide,  skill- 
fully turned  up  at  the  edges  to  form  a  drag  or 
sled,  and  on  thia  conveys  the  grain  to  a  patio  or 
yard  carpeted  with  raw-hide,  no  modern  inno- 
vation of  thresher  or  sweat-producing  flail  being 
Buffered  to  mar  the  primitive  glory  of  the  har- 
vest. A  herd  of  horsea  and  cattle  ia  turned 
in  to  tramp  the  grain  and  chaff  asunder;  after 
which,  taking  advantage  of  a  windy  day,  the 
squaws  winnow  it  with  baskets.  As  soon  as 
ready  for  market  it  ia  sold,  even  though  it  brings 
not  more  than  enough  to  purchase  a  gaudy  pair 
of  pants  to  parade  before  the  dark-eyed  maidens 
of  the  neighboring  village.  Should  the  crop  be 
a  failure,  then,  with  aaigh  of  relief  at  having  es- 
caped the  toil  of  the  harvest,  he  goes  cheerfully 
to  the  task  of  devising  ways  and  means  to  steal 
enough  to  tide  over  until  the  next  season. 
When  a  white  man  haa  adopted  the  above,  and 
aundry  other  customs  peculiar  to  the  Mexican, 
he  is  said  to  be  "galvanized;"  he  who  escapes 
this  proceaa  being  called  a  "tender-foot." 

If,  with  all  the  disadvantages  of  crude  and 
primitive  farming,  as  above  described,  even  the 
Mexicans  and  Indiana  can  manage  to  get  along 
here,  it  ia  certainly  feasible  for  white  men,  with 
improved  machinery,  not  only  to  live,  but  to 
make  money  at  the  same  business.  The  arable 
lands  are  all  level  and  of  broad  expanse,  and 
well  adapted  to  the  use  of  machinery.  "Lodg- 
ing "  and  ruat  are  troubles  hardly  known  and 
heavy  crops  are  a  foregone  conclusion  wherever 
the  land  is  properly  tilled  and  the  conditions 
are  favorable  to  begin  with.     The  expense  of  [ 


clearing  land  in  most  places  is  Bimply  nothing, 
a  heavy  plow  answering  to  grub  up  the  sage 
brush,  about  the  only  shrubbery.  Where  the 
mesquit  reaches  the  dimensions  of  a  tree,  the 
wood  more  than  paya  for  its  removal  from  the 
land.  Although  fencing  is  sometimes  resorted 
to  where  the  clearing,  of  the  land  furnishes  the 
material,  it  is  by  no  means  necessary,  stock 
ranges  being  confined  mostly  to  the  mountain 
districts,  where  farming  ia  impracticable. 

As  in  California,  many  of  the  farms  here  are 
encumbered  with  mortgages,  and  their  owners 
so  burdened  with  debt  that  they  find  it  difficult 
to  make  ends  meet,  being  usually  obliged  to  sell 
their  crops  as  soon  as  harvested.  Whether  this 
be  caused  by  shiftless  habits  or  otherwise  it  is  a 
thing  deeply  to  be  regretted,  as  it  throws  almost 
the  entire  profits  of  the  business  into  the  pockets 
.of  speculating  merchants,  who  buy  at  harvest 
time  and  rarely  fail  to  make  a  profit  of  200%  on 
their  purchases  before  the  end  of  the  season. 


Railroad  Project  in  Tulare  County. 

Editors  Press: — An  important  project  ia 
on  foot  to  connect  Grangeville  with  Hanford 
by  rail,  a  distance  of  four  miles.  The  Bingle 
track  railway,  of  which  D.  B.  James,  of  Viaalia, 
is  the  patentee,  wiU  be  used.  A  trial  of  a  good- 
sized  working  model  of  this  road  was  made  at 
Grangeville  recently.  On  a  short  track  laid  for 
the  purpose,  a  hand-car  3x7  feet  was  run  by 
Mr.  James.  It  carried  eight  sacks  of  barley 
and  three  large  men,  or  some  1,300  pounds  in 
all,  and  worked  readily.  A  boy  14  years  old 
could  easily  run  it  up  or  down  the  track.  The 
track  consists  of  two  pieces  of  stout  scantling 
laid  side  by  aide,  leaving  a  deep  groove  between. 
A  single  row  of  wheels  is  used,  the  deep  flanges 
of  which  run  in  this  groove,  broad  rims  of  the 
wheels  on  each  side  running  on  the  scantlings. 
Engine  and  cars  are  readily  balanced.  This  is 
the  same  invention  that  Governor  Fremont  pro- 
poses to  introduce  into  Arizona.  Citizens  in 
and  near  Grangeville  were  so  well  satisfied  with 
results  that  they  determined  to  take  steps  to 
build  and  equip  one  mile  of  road  running  to- 
wards Hanford.  A  committee  is  now  getting 
subscriptions  to  make  up  the  $3,000  necessary 
for  this  object.  It  is  estimated  that  this  wiil 
secure  an  engine  of  sufficient  power  to  haul  75 
tons,  provide  a  car  or  two  needed  for  experi- 
ment, and  build  one  mile  oftrack.  According 
to  Mr.  James'  estimate  the  entire  cost  of  each 
mile  of  track  will  be  about  $1,000.  So  that  the 
three  additional  miles  needed  to  reach  Hanford 
will  coat  about  §3,000  more,  or  a  total  coat  of 
§6,000  for  the  foui  miles  of  road  and  equip- 
ments. This  ia  one-sixth  of  the  usual  estimate 
at  low  figures  for  a  narrow-gauge  road  in  Cali- 
fornia. Cars  are  expected  to  cost  as  follows  : 
Flats,  $150;  box  cars,  $250;  passenger  cars, 
$500  or  $600.  Such  cars  can  be  built  to  carry 
from  5  to  10  tons.     It  ia  believed  that 

A  Speed  of  25  Miles  an  Hour 
Can  be  easily  and  safely  made  on  such  a  road. 
They  expect  to  have  this  first  mile  in  running 
order  within  60  days  from  the  time  the  $3,000 
in  stock  is  subscribed.  Should  the  four  miles 
proposed  prove  such  a  succesa  as  is  anticipated, 
the  projectors  then  propoae  to  extend  the  road 
across  King's  river  and  on  the  weat  side  of  the 
San  Joaquin  down  to  Antioch.  It  is  calculated 
that  a  road  of  this  kind  for  that  distance — about 
180  miles — can  be  built  and  equipped  for  less 
than  $250,000.  What  a  great  relief  this  would 
be  to  the  farmers  and  other  shippers  of  this 
valley,  on  the  vital  question  of  transportation. 
J.  W.  A.  W. 
Hanford,  Cal. 


Depth  of  Earthquakes. — The  recent  earth- 
quake at  Virginia  City  was  not  noticed  at  all  in 
the  mining  depths,  but  only  by  people  on  the 
surface.  Their  famous  earthquake  of  some 
years  ago,  which  shook  down  chimneys,  fire 
walls,  cracked  brick  buildings,  and  did  other 
damage,  was  merely  noticed  by  some  of  the 
miners  working  in  the  upper  levels,  but  it  did 
no  damage,  not  even  shaking  down  loose  stones 
and  earth.  The  station  men  in  the  various 
shafts  felt  it  the  strongest,  and  the  deepest 
point  where  it  was  noticed  was  by  the  station 
tender  at  the  900-foot  level  of  the  Imperial- 
Empire  shaft — 900  feet  below  the  surface.  He 
said  it  felt  like  a  sudden  faint  throb  or  pulsa- 
tion of  the  air,  as  though  a  blast  had  been  let 
off  somewhere  at  a  distance,  above,  below  or  in 
some  indefinite  direction.  In  some  of  the  mines 
the  shock  was  not  noticed  at  all,  even  by  the 
station  men.  Commenting  on  thia  peculiar  fact 
at  the  time,  the  Gold  Hill  News  remarked  that 
the  earthquake  seemed  to  be  an  electrical  dis- 
turbance proceeding  from  the  atmosphere  and 
not  from  the  depths  of  the  earth. 


Trouble  Ahead. — Utah  is  threatened  with  a 
drouth  such  as  it  has  not  seen  for  more  than  a 
score  of  years.  The  spring  has  passed  with  only 
a  single  shower  and  there  was  less  snow  on  the 
mountains  on  the  first  of  April  than  the  oldest 
inhabitant  remembera  to  have  seen.  The  Sevier 
river  which  in  May,  aa  a  rule,  is  fuU  to  the  top 
of  its  banks,  ia  reported  dry  in  Millard  county. 
Iron  and  Beaver  counties  it  ia  feared  will  not 
have  sufficient  water  to  save  the  growing  crops, 
while  the  vineyards  in  Washington  and  Kane 
counties,  are  in  danger  of  being  dried  up. 


The  Great  Railroad  Strife. 

Within  the  undeveloped  region  lying  west 
and  southwest  of  the  Mississippi  river  ib  to  oc- 
cur an  activity  for  the  next  25  years  of  which 
that  on  the  Pacific  coast  will  prove  to  have  been 
but  the  precursor.  The  Atchison,  Topeka  and 
Santa  Fe  railroad,  now  traversing  Kansas,  Col- 
orado and  New  Mexico,  is  to  be  a  transconti- 
nental road,  with  an  outlet  at  Guaymaa,  on  the 
Gulf  of  California.  The  Southern  Pacific  rail- 
road is  to  be  another.  One  ia  pushing  on  with 
all  possible  speed  westward,  and  the  other  is 
coming  east  at  the  same  rate,  and  having  al- 
ready advanced  nearly  200  miles  into  Arizona, 
will  be  at  El  Paso,  500  miles  eastward,  by  next 
year.  From  both  of  these  trunk  roads  there 
will  necessarily  be  laterals,  or  feeders,  running 
north  and  south,  and  having  for  their  grand 
ultimatum  the  control  of  the  trade  with  Mexico. 
The  8,000,000  of  people  inhabiting  that  country 
will  naturally  prefer  a  close  commercial  inter- 
course with  the  United  States,  which  they  wiU 
have  by  railroad  connection  such  aa  the  cur- 
rent schemes  involve,  to  the  slow,  costly  and 
circuitous  intercourse  by  sea  with  England  and 
Germany.  The  Union  Pacific  and  Kansas 
Pacific  railroads  are  headed  off  by  the  superior 
activity  of  the  Atchison,  Topeka  and  Santa 
Fe,  which  has  already  pushed  down  to  Las 
Vegas  in  New  Mexico,  and  will  be  at  Albuquer- 
que before  the  close  of  the  year.  This  road  has 
absorbed  the  Denver  and  Rio  Grande  narrow- 
gauge,  and  will  make  its  rapid  way  through 
New  Mexico  into  Arizona  to  Tucson,  at  the 
lower  end|of  the  Santa  Cruz  valley,  where  it  will 
meet  the  Southern  Pacific,  already  nearly  at 
that  point,  on  its  way  to  El  Paao.  From  Tuc- 
son the  route  wiU  be  south,  up  the  Santa  Cruz 
valley  and  through  Sonora  to  Guaymaa,  on  the 
Gulf  of  California. 

At  the  head  of  this  rich  valley,  and  in  the 
center  of  the  vast  district  whose  mineral  prod- 
ucts are  soon  to  astonish  the  world  with  their 
vastnees,  is  located  the  incipient  City  of  Cala- 
bases,  yet  to  be  known  to  fame.  Through  this 
city,  whose  climate  is  described  aB  that  of  Italy, 
the  Southern  Pacific  will  unquestionably  pass 
on  its  eastern  way  from  Tucson  to  El  Paso  in 
New  Mexico,  while  the  Atchison,  Topeka  and 
Santa  Fe  road,  taking  a  more  comprehensive 
name  as  it  enters  Arizona,  will  construct  the  Mex- 
ican and  Guaymas  railroad  through  the  same 
valley  and  city  into  Sonora  to  the  Gulf  of  Cali- 
fornia at  Guaymaa.  That  will  constitute  its 
base  line  of  operations  in  moving  upon  Mexico 
and  its  trade.  Millions  of  dollars  worth  of 
trade  passes  up  and  down  that  valley  to  and 
from  Sonora  to-day.  The  concealed  but  weU- 
known  mineral  wealth  of  Arizona,  then,  to- 
gether with  the  rich  traffic  of  Mexico,  being  the 
objective  point  and  grand  aim  of  these  two 
transcontinental  roads,  it  is  natural  that  each 
should  struggle  with  all  its  might  to  see  which 
shall  occupy  the  commanding  position  in  the 
coveted  field.  The  route  known  as  the  32d 
parallel  is,  aB  it  has  been  from  the  beginning, 
the  object  of  desire  among  powerful  railroad 
corporations.  The  Southern  Pacific  likewise 
threatens  the  Union  Pacific  in  its  current  de- 
signs. The  owners  of  the  Central  Pacific  are 
the  builders  of  the  new  Southern  Pacific.  In 
order,  therefore,  to  obtain  a  southern  outlet  on 
the  Pacific,  instead  of  being  limited  to  the  one 
now  granted  it  by  the  Central,  the  Union  Pa- 
cific will  push  the  Utah  Southern  road  south- 
ward across  Central  Arizona  to  San  Diego, 
which  is  one  of  the  only  three  great  Pacific  har- 
bors belonging  to  the  United  States.  This  will 
make  transcontinental  route  number  three. 
Thus  will  the  Union  Pacific  break  away  from 
the  restraints  of  the  Central  Pacific,  and  the  lat- 
ter, owning  the  Southern  Pacific,  will  eacape 
from  those  of  the  Union  Pacific,  on  its  way 
east. — Boston  Post. 


Naurow-Gauge. — It  is  a  pretty  well  settled 
fact  that  a  narrow-gauge  railroad  is  to  be  run 
from  Maricopa  to  Prescott.  It  will  undoubtedly 
take  in  Phoenix,  from  which  place  the  "know- 
ing ones"  seem  to  think  the  road  will  come  by 
way  of  Wickenburg,  and  thence  on  through  . 
Peoples,  Kirkland  and  Skull  valleys.  It  is 
understood  that  Eastern  capitalists  will  take  the 
matter  in  hand  and  commence  the  erection  of 
thia  much-needed  road  at  once.  So  soon  as 
Prescott  is  connected  with  the  outside  world,  by 
rail,  one  may  expect  to  see  business  revive  and 
a  new  state  of  affairs  reign.  When  capitalists 
can  jump  aboard  the  iron  horse  and  be  hurled 
over  the  continent  with  ease  and  luxury  to  the 
very  doors  of  their  mines,  then  Arizona  may 
look  for  that  class  of  people  within  her  borders. 
If  they  have  not  the  water  wherewith  to  work 
vast  reduction  works  at  home,  the  mineral-per- 
forated ores  can  cheaply  be  carried  away  to  the 
Salt  River  valley,  where  an  abundance  of  water 
and  wood  abounds.  Machinery  and  supplies 
can  be  landed  at  a  much  less  figure  than  at  pres- 
ent; wool,  hides,  lumber  and  other  products  can 
be  shipped  cheaply  and  quickly  to  market. 
Prescott,  with  a  terminus  wherein  would  be 
built  round-houses,  machine  shops,  depots, 
would  step  to  the  front  and  become  the  liveliest 
city  east  of  San  Francisco,  and  her  people  would 
awake  in  a  few  months  and  find  themselves  sur- 
rounded by  wealth  and  everything  else  pleas- 
ant. 


A  curious  ancient  Mexican  library  has  been 
found  in  the  ruins  of  a  vast  palace  at  Xayi,  near 
Chiapas,  in  southern  Mexico.  The  writings 
are  inscribed  on  terra-cotta  tablets,  half  an  inch 
thick,  and  are  supposed  to  be  sacred  records, 
but  the  language  in  which  they  are  written  is 
not  accurately  known. — L.  A.  Commercial. 


June  14    1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


379 


ECHANICAL 


ROGRESS. 


Preserving  Timber  by  the  Hayford  Pro- 
cess a  Failure. 

Whatever  may  he  thought  of  the  merits  of 
infusing  creosote,  sometime*  oalled  carbolic 
acid,  into  the  fiber  of  timber  for  its  preservation, 
we  know  that  either  the  material  or  the  method 
Adopted  to  infuse  it  into  the  pores  of  the  wood 
uaea  in  the  construction  of  the  U.  8,  8.  Pan- 
daliu,  was  a  total  failure.  In  some  cases  the 
itrength  was  so  completely  destroyed  that 
planks  broke  into  two  lengths  while  being  trans- 
ported on  men's  shoulders  from  the  tank  to  the 
vessel. 

The  effect  of  the  infusion  of  this  material  into 
the  fiber  of  green  timber,  on  its  strength,  seems 
never  to  have  been  thought  of,  much  less  tested. 
80  far  as  observation  could  determine,  the 
■trength  was  impaired  in  the  ratio  of  about  the 
amouut  of  material  infused.  It  was  found  by 
the  workmen,  who  left  their  dinner  baskets 
standing  in  contact  with  the  timber  so  treated 
on  the  Vandalia,  from  roll-call  to  dinner 
time,  that  the  food  had  acquired  a  greenish  hue, 
and  could  not  be  eaten.  The  most  sensible 
method  of  seasoning  timber,  so  as  to  make  it 
durable,  is  to  extract  the  poisonous  juices  drawn 
up  into  the  fiber  by  capillary  attraction.  If 
this  is  properly  done  the  timber  will  be  stronger 
than  when  in  its  green  state.  There  are  several 
methods  by  which  this  desirable  eud  may  be 
secured,  at  reasonable  cost,  and  the  timber 
made  secure  against  rot  for  the  third  of  a  cen- 
tury, at  least. — American  Ship. 

To  Temfer  Mill  Picks.— 1.  Take  two  gal- 
lons rain  water,  one  ounce  of  corrosive  subli- 
mate, one  of  sal-ammoniac,  one  of  saltpeter,  one 
and  one-half  pints  of  rock  Bait.  The  picks 
should  be  heated  to  a  cberry  red  and  cooled  in 
the  bath.  The  salt  gives  hardness,  and  the 
other  ingredients  toughness  to  the  steel;  and 
they  will  not  break  if  they  are  left  without 
drawing  the  temper.  2.  After  working  the 
steel  carefully,  prepare  a  bath  of  lead  heated  to 
the  boiling  point,  which  wUl  be  indicated  by  a 
slight  agitation  of  the  surface.  In  it  place  the 
end  of  the  pick  to  the  depth  of  one  and  one-half 
inches  until  heated  to  the  temperature  of  the 
lead,  then  plunge  immediately  in  clear  cold 
water.  The  temper  will  be  just  right  if  the 
bath  is  at  the  temperature  required.  The  prin- 
cipal re quisites  in  making  mill  picks  are:  First, 
get  good  steel.  Second,  work  it  at  a  low  heat; 
most  blacksmiths  injure  steel  by  overheating. 
Third,  heat  for  tempering  without  direct  expos- 
ure to  the  fire.  The  lead  bath  acts  merely  as  a 
protection  against  the  heat,  which  is  almost  al- 
ways too  great  to  temper  well. 


Tin  plate  manufacture  bids  fair  to  soon  be- 
come an  important  industry  in  the  United 
States.  A  large  establishment  has  recently  been 
established  in  New  York,  and  is  now  known  as 
the  Monitor  Tin  Plate  Company.  It  occupies  a 
building  in  Horatio  street,  where  the  tinning  is 
done;  but  the  iron  is  rolled  at  a  mill  in 
Pittsburg.  The  tinning  house  is  100  feet  square^ 
fitted  with  every  modern  appliance.  The  sheets 
are  rolled  in  the  ordinary  way,  then  cut  or 
Bheared  to  size,  and  immersed  in  a  pickling 
bath.  They  are  then  cold-rolled  again,  annealed 
and  picketed,  and  put  into  baths  of  Russian 
tallow  or  palm  oil.  Then  they  pass  through 
several  baths  of  tin  melted  at  a  high  tempera- 
ture, and  again  through  sawdust  and  bran  to 
cleanse  the  Burface.  Finally,  they  are  polished 
with  lamb's  wool  buffers,  and  assorted,  ready 
for  boxing  and  shipping.  The  annual  amount 
of  tin  plates  imported  into  the  United  States  in 
1873.  reached  the  large  sum  of  a  fraction  short 
of  $15,000,000. 


Railway  Notes.— Since  the  building  of  the 
Mount  Washington  railway  eight  similar  roads 
have  been  constructed  in  Austria  and  Switzer- 
land. The  engines  for  these  roads  were  first 
built  with  vertical  boilers ;  next  with  boilers 
that  were  level  on  an  average  grade  ;  now  they 
are  built  with  horizontal  boilers  like  ordinary 
locomotives.  Various  methods  have  been  de- 
vised for  enabling  the  locomotives  to  work  by 
adhesion  of  their  Bmooth  wheels,  as  well  as  by 
means  of  their  cog-wheel  drivers,  and  by  means 
of  either  at  will.  No  one  of  these  has  been 
permanently  successful,  however,  so  that  the 
proper  construction  of  a  double  engine  of  this 
sort  is  still  a  matter  of  experimental  inquiry. — 
Scientific  American. 


A  New  Steam-Proof  Cement. — Dingier' 's 
Polytechnic  Journal  gives  a  description  of  the 
manufacture  of  a  new  steam-proof  cement,  dis- 
covered by  Mr.  A.  C.  Fox,  which,  it  is  claimed, 
is  not  affected  by  hot  or  cold  water,  nor  by  acids 
or  alkalis.  First,  a  chromium  preparation  is 
made  in  the  following  manner:  2.5  parts,  by 
weight,  of  chromic  acid  are  dissolved  in  a  mix- 
ture of  15  parts  of  water  and  15  parts  of  am- 
monia. To  this  solution  about  10  drops  of  sul- 
phuric acid,  and,  finally,  30  parts  of  sulphate  of 
ammonia  and  4  parts  of  fine  white  paper,  are 
added.  When  about  to  be  used,  gelatine  dis- 
solved in  dilute  acetic  acid  is  added. 


Paper  Bricks. — A  manufactory  of  paper 
bricks  has  been  started  in  Wisconsin.  The 
bricks  are  said  to  be  exceedingly  durable  and 
moisture-proof.  They  are  also  larger  than  the 
clay  article.     What  next? 


IituN  Fencinu. — It  is  almost  unnecessary  to 
speak  of  tho  advantages  which  iron  fencing 
possesses  over  that  which  did  duty  in  the  days 
of  our  fathers.  These  are  so  well  known  that 
to  recapitulate  them  would  be  like  telling  a 
twice-told  tale.  The  only  question  is  to  ascer- 
tain the  best  kind  of  iron  fencing  to  adopt. 
Specially  valuable  is  that  which  is  madeaugular 
and  continuous.  Much  experience  has  led  to 
tho  conclusion  that  angular  iron  is  a  good  deal 
stronger  than  a  solid  plate  of  the  Baine  weight, 
and,  therefore,  better  adapted  for  continuous 
iron  fencing  than  Hat  bars.  Strength,  of  course, 
is  a  most  important  item  in  deciding  upon 
fencing;  but  this  is  not  the  only  advantage. 
Each  bar,  for  instance,  being  solid,  without 
joint  or  weld,  it  cannot  be  broken  at  the 
ground  line.  No  holes  have  to  be  dug,  for  the 
standards  are  driveu  direct  to  the  ground,  and 
are  there  securely  fixed;  thus  they  are  very 
easily  erected.  Moreover,  the  upright  bar 
beiug  broader,  the  fcucing  can  be  distinctly 
seen  by  horses  and  cattle,  and  thus  the  risk  of 
stock  running  against  it  is  considerably  reduced. 

Home-Made  Drill  Rods. —The  Iron  Aye 
says:  Until  within  a  few  months,  tho  successful 
manufacture  of  fine  drill  rods  and  compressed 
wire  has  been  carried  on  exclusively  abroad. 
Recently  Messrs.  Miller,  Metcalf  &  Parkin,  of 
Pittsburg,  have  secured  the  exclusive  control  of 
the  necessary  machinery  for  the  manufacture  of 
these  articles,  and  have  succeeded  in  producing 
an  article  excellent  in  accuracy,  finish  and  qual- 
ity. They  manufacture  all  sizes,  from  No.  60 
to  £-inch,  and  have  lately  perfected  machinery 
to  finish  sizes  up  to  1J  inches.  We  believe 
these  large  sizeB  have  never  been  produced,  and 
it  will  certainly  be  of  interest  to  manufacturers 
of  fine  machinery  to  know  that  this  material 
can  be  obtained  at  home  without  the  delay  at- 
tending foreign  orders.  The  accuracy  and  finish 
required  by  the  trade  in  this  product,  which 
must  not  be  confounded  with  drawn  wire,  is 
surprising.  The  compression  to  which  it  is  sub- 
jected perfects  the  finish  and  adds  to  the  value 
of  the  fane  steel  from  which  it  is  made. 

Improvement  in  Railroad  Locomotion.— 
The  obstacles  in  the  way  of  the  use  of  light 
locomotives  have,  it  is  claimed,  been  met  in  a 
measure  by  recent  inventions  of  Mr.  George 
French,  of  New  York  city,  which  are  intended  to 
increase  the  adhesion  of  light  engines  without 
adding  to  their  weight.  One  of  the  inventions, 
intended  for  engines  of  mogul  pattern,  does  not 
change  the  general  construction,  but  adds  to  the 
trailing  wheels  a  pair  of  grooved  tires,  the 
groove  being  just  deep  enough  to  firmly  grasp 
the  head  of  the  rail.  These  wheels  do  not  rest 
upon  the  track  in  the  regular  work  of  the  en- 
gine, but  when  it  is  necessary  to  increase  the 
adhesion,  as  upon  an  up-grade,  they  are  low- 
ered, and  the  head  of  the  rail  is  grasped  in  the 
grooves  of  the  wheel.  It  is  claimed  that  this 
arrangement  gives  all  the  adhesion  needed. 

Making  Spikes  by  Machinery. — One  of  the 
most  interesting  sights  seen  by  the  mining 
engineers  in  their  recent  excursions  about  Pitts- 
burg, Pa.,  was  the  continuous  rolling  mill,  and 
the  spike  machines  at  Dilworth,  Porter  &  Co.'s. 
A  billet  of  iron  about  5  feet  long  and  2  inches 
square  enters  the  rolls  and  is  carried  directly 
through  ten  pairs  of  horizontal  rolls  placed  one 
in  front  of  the  other,  revolving  at  successively 
increasing  speeds,  and  emerges  in  the  shape  of 
a  long  rod  about  half  an  inch  square.  The  rods 
are  carried  without  further  heating  to  four 
spike  machines,  each  of  which  turns  out  a  com- 
plete spike  in  about  a  second  of  time.  There 
is  scarcely  any  operation  in  the  manufacture  of 
iron  specialties  which  is  so  well  done  entirely 
by  machinery  and  without  any  skilled  labor. 


Compressing  Liquid  Metal. — We  have  al- 
ready alluded,  in  these  columns,  to  the  impor- 
tance of  compressing  metals  while  in  a  liquid 
state,  to  increase  their  strength  when  cold.  A 
late  number  of  Von  Nost  rand's  Magazine  con- 
tains a  lengthy  article  on  this  important  prac- 
tical fact,  in  which  the  writer  thinks  the  prac- 
tice of  casting  under  pressure  iB  likely  to  be  ex- 
tensively adopted  in  the  manufacture  of  steel. 
The  process  of  cold-rolling  has  been  found  to 
increase  the  strength  of  bar  iron  in  some  cases 
as  much  as  100%. 

Cheap  Steel. — The  London  Times  remarks 
that  "the  Bessemer  process  has  ruined  the 
manufactured  iron  trade."  But  it  has  done 
more  than  this;  it  has  distributed  among  many 
countries  the  manufacture  of  cheap  steel,  and 
thus  enabled  them  to  supply  more  fully  their 
own  metallurgical  wants  and  the  metallurgical 
wants  of  other  countries,  in  lieu  of  their  own 
previous  partial  dependence  upon  Great  Britain 
for  both  iron  and  steel  products. 


Boots  and  Shoes  with  Stone  Soles. — The 
Engineer  states  that  a  German  inventor  proposes 
to  make  boots  with  stone  6oIes  in  the  following 
manner:  He  mixes  a  suitable  quantity  of  clean 
quartz  sand  with  a  water-proof  glue,  and  spreads 
it  on  a  thin  leather  sole,  which  is  employed  as  a 
foundation.  These  quartz  soles  are  said  to  be 
flexible  and  almost  indestructible,  while  they 
enable  the  wearer  to  walk  safely  over  slippery 
roads.        

Improvements  in  the  Steam  Engine. — 
Daney  states  that  future  improvement  of  the 
steam  engine  must  be  in  the  direction  of  remedy- 
ing the  following  defects:  The  present  small 
ranges  of  temperature,  the  waste  of  heat  by  ra- 
diation, the  too  ready  heating  and  cooling  of 
the  cylinders  and  pistons,  and  mechanical  in- 
accuracy. 


Intka-Mekcukial  Planets.— Camilla  Flam- 
marion,  the  well-known  French  astronomer, 
has  been  examining  in  Ln  Suture  the  evidences 
in  favor  of  iutra-Mercurial  planets,  and  particu- 
larly that  furnished  by  Watsou  &  Swift.  On 
the  latter  M.  Klammarion  Bays:  "While  it  is 
possible  that  the  American  observers  saw  an 
intra-Merourial  planet,  or  even  two,  we  cannot, 
in  view  of  the  special  difficulties  of  the  situation, 
the  confusion  of  tho  figures,  and  the  negative 
observations  of  the  other  observers,  concede  it 
to  be  an  absolute  and  incontestable  fact  that 
they  saw  even  so  much  as  one.  The  fact  is  not 
yet  certain."  After  reviewing  the  whole  testi- 
mony thus  far  available  on  this  interesting 
point,  the  Frenoh  writer  sums  upas  follows: 
"The  hypothesis  of  a  single  body  comparable  to 
Mercury  gravitating  in  close  proximity  to  the 
sun  and  on  a  plane  probably  inclined  to  the 
solar  equator  seems  to  us  to  he  so  open  to  objec- 
tions as  to  be  untenable.  Still,  tho  mathemati- 
cal theory  of  universal  attraction  proves  that 
there  is  a  cause  for  tho  retardation  observed  in 
the  motion  of  Mercury,  and  that  this  cause  can- 
not be  found  by  augmenting  the  mass  of  Venus 
— a  quantity  now  determined  with  great  exacti- 
tude— but  must  be  sought  for  in  some  disturbing 
mass  between  Mercury  and  the  sun.  But  thia 
mass  may  not  be  a  planet  worthy  of  the  name 
of  planet;  it  may  consist  of  a  great  number  of 
asteroids  like  the  minute  fragments  which 
gravitate  between  Mars  and  Jupiter — asteroids 
so  small  that  oftentimes  they  escape  the  notice 
of  observers  of  the  sun  aud  of  eclipses,  though 
some  of  them  may  be  large  enough  to  be  seen 
under  certain  rare  conditions.  The  latter 
theory  is  the  one  which  we  adopt," 

A  New  Refrigerating  Liquid  from  Beets. 
In  Europe  the  principal  supply  of  Bugar  is  de- 
rived from  beets;  the  annual  production  of  beet 
sugar  being  now  700.000  tons.  Besides  this  a 
large  quantity  of  beet  molasses  is  produced,  a 
portion  of  which  is  distilled  and  a  coarse  sort  of 
whisky  made;  the  stuff  remaining  in  the  retort 
yields  potassium  salts,  which  are  employed  as 
fertilizers.  Sugar,  spirits,  and  potash  have 
heretofore  been  the  chief  products  manufactured 
from  beets.  But  Mr.  Vincent  has  now  suc- 
ceeded in  realizing  from  the  refuse  that  remains 
after  the  beet  molasses  distillation,  a  combusti- 
ble, gaseous  body,  which  is  easily  condensed 
into  liquid  form,  and  is  called  chloride  of 
methyl.  This  liquid,  obtained  as  stated  from 
beets,  iB  used  in  the  preparation  of  some  of  the 
aniline  colors;  but  it  is  now  found  to  be  especi- 
ally valuable  as  a  refrigerating  agent.  By  its 
rapid  evaporation  a  temperature  of  55°  C,  or 
67°  Fahr.  below  zero,  may  be  maintained,  which 
is  far  below  the  freezing  point  of  mercury. 
Prof.  Huxley  says  that  by  this  means  mercury 
(which  freezeB  at  39°  Fahr.  below  zero)  may  be 
frozen  by  the  pound.  For  the  manufacture  of 
ice  this  new  beet  root  product  promises  to  be 
come  of  much  importance. — Set.  Am. 


Cobioot  Phenomena  of  Reflection.—  The 
Engineer  publishes  an  interesting  paper  by  Mr. 
Robert  Mallet  on  some  curious  phenomena  of 
reflection,  which,  he  observes,  may  give  a  cue 
to  the  explanation  of  the  magic  mirrors  of  Japan. 
Many  years  ago  Mr.  Reeks,  of  the  London 
School  of  Mines,  noticed  that  the  im 
fleeted  in  bright  suulight  from  a  silver  ooin, 
wlneh  by  abrasion  of  wear  had  become  practi- 
cally flat,  and  from  which  all  traces  of  imago 
and  superscripts  had  vanished,  was  different, 
in  the  intensity  of  the  light  reflected,  from  what 
had  once  been  the  field  or  depressed  part  and 
from  the  head.  A  silver  half  orown  was  struck 
at  the  Royal  mint  showing  the  Queen's  head  on 
the  obverse  side,  but  without  any  design  on  the 
reverse  face,  where  a  flat  surface  of  polished 
steel  was  placed  in  the  coining  press  in  place  of 
the  usual  reverse  die.  When  this  flat  and 
polished  side  was  exposed  obliquely  to  bright 
Bnnlight,  the  reflected  image  thrown  upon  a  flat 
surface  not  only  presented  with  much  distinct- 
ness aud  aocuracy  the  outline  of  the  head,  but  also 
a  portion  of  the  "Victoria"  surrounding  it,  the 
head  and  inscription  being  shown  by  a  far  more 
brilliant  light  than  the  rest.  This  suggests 
some  interesting  inquiries  in  regard  to  the  flow 
of  metals. 


Malleable  Nickel  and  Cobalt. — Fleitmann 
has  succeeded,  by  a  very  simple  device,  in  ob- 
taining cast  nickel  in  a  malleable  and  ductile 
form,  even  when  cold,  while  cobalt  prepared  in 
the  same  manner  possessed  such  hardness  when 
cold,  that  he  expects  it  can  be  used  for  cutting 
instruments,  while  hot  it  is  both  malleable  and 
ductile.  His  process  consists  in  adding  to  the 
fused  metal,  through  a  hole  in  the  lid  of  the 
crucibles,  one-eighth  per  cent,  of  metallic  mag- 
nesium, which  possesses  a  remarkable  power  of 
destroying  carbonic  oxide.  The  author  is  of  the 
opinion  that  the  porous  and  crystalline  char- 
acter of  cast  nickel  is  due  to  its  absorption  of 
carbonic  oxide  gas  while  in  a  molten  state  It  is 
not  impossible,  however,  that  owing  to  the  great 
affinity  of  magnesium  for  nitrogen,  its  action 
may  be  due  to  the  destruction  of  cyanogen  in 
the  metal.  Cobalt  prepared  in  this  manner 
possessed  none  of  the  reddish  color  attributed 
to  it  in  the  text-books,  but  actually  excelled 
nickel  in  whiteness  and  brilliancy.  He  also 
welded  these  metals  on  to  iron  and  steel  at  a 
white  heat,  and  strips  thus  welded  were  rolled 
out  to  the  finest  number  without  separating 
from  each  other. — Berichte  d.  d.  ch.  Oes. 


Nitrous  Oxide  under  Pressure. — P.  Bert 
finds  that  by  placing  a  patient  in  an  apparatus 
where  the  pressure  can  be  increased  to  two  at- 
mospheres, nitrous  oxide  can  be  administered 
so  as  to  produce  continued  anaesthesia,  while 
the  blood  receives  its  normal  supply  of  oxygen 
and  the  normal  conditions  of  respiration  are 
maintained.  From  various  experiments  on  ani- 
mals, he  thinks  that  gas  administered  in  this 
way  will  be  harmless,  however  much  the  insen- 
sibility may  be  prolonged. — Comptes  Rendus. 


Further  researches  on  the  compressibility  of 
gases  are  communicated  to  the  French  Academy 
by  M.  Cailletet,  who  makes  the  announcement 
that  nitrogen  does  not  exactly  follow  Mariotte's 
law.  He  announces,  from  his  observations,  that 
this  gas  is  at  first  more  compressible  than  the 
law  would  indicate,  and  that  then  its  compressi- 
bility diminishes,  as  he  observed  to  be  the  case 
with  atmospheric  air.  The  gas  presents  this 
maximum  at  a  pressure  of  70  meters  of  mercury. 

M.  S.  Mesinier  has  made  mixtures  of  iron 
and  nickel  chlorides,  reduced  by  hydrogen  at  a 
red  heat,  yield  well-defined  alloys,  sometimes 
admirably  crystalline,  and  closely  analogous  to 
the  meteoritic  alloys  of  iron  and  nickel. 


A  New  Nebula  and  a  Lost  Planet.— Dr. 
Temple,  of  tho  Observatory  of  Arcetri,  Florence, 
announces  bis  discovery,  on  March  14th,  of  a 
new  ueubla,  which  he  at  first  mistook  for  a  faiut 
comet.  Its  position  for  1870  is  K.  A.,  llh., 
18min.,  5sec,  N.  P.  D.,  SG'  1'  4.  Dr.  Temple 
describes  it  as  a  double  nebula  with  two  small 
but  distinct  nuclei  from  15"  to  20"  apart,  and 
he  adds  that  nebula  Herschel  II.  32,  which  is  in 
the  vicinity,  is  much  smaller  and  fainter  than 
the  one  just  discovered.  It  occasionally  happens 
that  celestial  bodies  are  lost  as  well  as  found. 
This  has  occurred  several  times  in  the  case  of 
the  small  planets  between  Mara  and  Jupiter, 
which  now  number  nearly  200.  There  is  one  of 
these,  however,  which,  according  to  Mr.  Proc- 
tor, astronomers  would  regret  to  lose.  This  is 
the  planet  Hilda,  which  travels  in  a  much  wider 
orbit  than  any  of  the  others,  and  can  give  more 
exact  information  respecting  the  mass  of  Jupiter 
than  any  other  member  of  the  solar  system, 
coming  much  more  fully  at  certain  times  under 
his  influence.  Unfortunately,  Hilda  has  been 
searched  for  in  vain  at  its  first  return  to  opposi- 
tion, and  astronomers  begin  to  fear  that  tho 
planet  is,  for  the  time  being,  lost. 

Is  Condensed  Steam  Explosive? — The  fol- 
lowing appears  in  a  Boston  daily  paper:  To 
economize  heat,  it  is  common  to  pass  the  steam 
from  the  cylinder  to  the  tender  in  a  locomotive, 
to  be  used  again  and  again.  A  similar  process 
through  the  condenser  is  in  vogue  on  board  of 
steamers.  For  some  time  Mr.  U.  C.  Blackall, 
Superintendent  of  the  motive  power  of  the 
Delaware  and  Hudson  P.  Co.,  has  been  experi- 
menting with  this  condensed  steam,  and  among 
other  important  discoveries,  has  found  that  it 
becomes  highly  explosive  without  giving  any 
warning,  under  certain  circumstances,  which  are 
liable  to  occur  at  any  time.  He  thinks  it  proba- 
ble that  some  of  the  missing  ocean  steamers  have 
been  blown  up  by  condensed  steam.  Locomo- 
tives, he  contends,  are  exposed  to  the  same 
danger.  Now  if  this  is  so,  Mr.  Blackall  ought 
to  make  it  known  as  extensively  as  possible  for 
the  safety  of  life  and  property. 

The  perforation  of  marble  by  a  marine  boring 
animal  {the  sponge  known  as  Ciiona  mlphurea)  is 
a  novel  fact  observed  and  noted  by  Prof.  Verrill. 
The  facts  in  the  case  are  briefly  as  follows:  A 
vessel  laden  with  Italian  marble  was  wrecked 
in  1871,  off  Long  Island,  and  the  exposed  por- 
tions of  the  Blabs  which  occasionally  come  to 
light,  are  found  to  be  thoroughly  penetrated  to 
the  depth  of  an  inch  or  two  by  the  crooked,  ir- 
regular borings  of  this  sponge,  and  reduced  to 
a  complete  honeycomb,  readily  crumbled  be- 
tween the  fingers.  Beyond  these  borings  the 
stone  is  still  perfectly  sound  and  unaltered. 
Prof.  Verrill  notices  thiB  as  the  first  instance 
recorded  where  this  sponge  has  attacked  lime- 
stone, since  calcareous  rocks  do  not  occur  along 
the  portions  of  our  coast  inhabited  by  it ;  and 
he  suggests  that  its  demonstrated  ability  to  de- 
stroy such  rocks  so  rapidly  might  have  an  im- 
portant practical  bearing  on  the  use  of  limestone 
structures  for  submarine  works. 


Newly  Discovered  Fossil  Bird  Tracks. — 
The  lower  Connecticut  valley  seems  to  be  quite 
as  full  of  giant  fossil  bird  tracks,  in  stone,  as 
the  upper  region  about  Turner  falls,  where  Prof. 
Hitchcock  made  his  discoveries.  Messrs.  Coe  & 
Fowler  have  just  uncovered,  in  their  quarry  on 
Powder  hill,  half  a  mile  west  of  the  Middlefield 
and  Durham  station,  a  layer  of  stone  indented 
several  inches  with  bird  tracks.  Several  on  a 
line  are  three  and  one-half  feet  from  each  other, 
and  measure  fourteen  inches  on  the  center  claw, 
and  outside  claws  being  separated  about  a  foot 
at  the  points.  These  tracks  were  made  in  the 
mud  and  ooze  of  a  shore  that  was  evidently 
washed  by  the  tides,  and  each  incoming  tide 
deposited  a  layer  of  silt,  or  mud,  which  becamo 
sufficiently  hardened  in  the  sun  to  retain  the 
form  of  the  impression,  and  in  that  shape  the 
mud  was  slowly  turned  to  freestone. — Har(Jordt 
Conn.,  Times. 


Another  New  Planet. — The  Smithsonian 
Institution  reports,  under  date  of  May  23d,  the 
discovery  of  a  new  planet  of  the  12th  magni- 
tude. It  was  discovered,  according  to  the  an- 
nouncement of  the  Observatory  of  Paris,  by 
Palisa,  at  Pola. 


380 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[June  14,  1879. 


Table  of  Highest  and  Lowest  Sales  in 
S.  F.  Stock  Exchange. 


Name  of 
Company, 


Week  1  Week  Week 
Ending  Ending  Ending 
May  88. 'May  8!>.  June  5 


Alpha 

Altft 

Andes 

Alps 

Argenta 

Atlantic 

Aurora  Tunnel. . . 
Baltimore  Con... 

Belcher 

Belmont 

Beat  &  Belcher... 

Bullion 

Bechtel 

Belle  Isle 

Bodie 

Benton 

Bulwer 

Boyle 

Black  Hawk 

Belvidere 

Booker 

Caledonia 

California 

Challenge -. 

Chollar 

Confidence 

Con  Imperial..  .. 

Con  Virginia 

Crown  Point 

Con  Washoe 

Champion 

Concordia 

Dayton 

DeFrees 

Daney • 

Day 

Eureka  Con 

Exchequer. 

Endowment 

Gen  Thomas 

Grand  Prize 

Gila 

Golden  Chariot. . . 

Golden  Terra 

Goodshaw 

Gould  &  Curry.... 
Hale  &  Norcross. . 

Hillside 

Highbridge 

Homestake 


Independence 

Julia 

Justice 

Jackson 

JoeScates 

KKCon 

Kentuck 

Kossuth 

Keystone 

Lady  Bryan 

Lady  "Wash 

Leopard 

Leviathan 

Leeds 

Lee 

May  Belle 

Modoc .". 

Manhattan 

Martin  "White 

McClinton 

Meadow  Valley 

Mexican 

Mides 

Morning  Star 

North  Con  Virginia. 

New  York 

Northern  Belle.... 

New  Coso 

Navajo 

Occidental 

Ophir 

Oriental 

Overman 

Panther 

Phenix 

Phil  Sheridan...... 

PotoBi 

Prospect  

Raymond  &  Ely.... 

Richer 

Rock  Island 

Rye  Patch 

Rough  &  Ready 

Savage 

Seg  Belcher 

Sierra  Nevada 

Silver  Hill 

Silver  King 

Silver  Prize  

Succor 

Summit 

Scorpion 

Solid  Silver 

South  Bodie 

South  Standard.... 

Star 

St.  Louis 

Syndicate 

Tioga  Con 

Tiptop  

Trojan 

Union  Con 

Utah 

Vermont  Con 

Ward 

Wells  Fargo 

Woodville 

White  Cloud 

Yellow  Jacket 


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IS 

1.90 


2.10  1.55 

1.10  70c 

45  2.65 

7!  6J 

3.40  3 

9  8} 

163  15 

!.35  1.90 


10c  .. 


1*  50c 

18?  173 

91 

40c  30c 


41  3.45 
75c  15c 


14  13 

80c  65. 

13  11; 

18'  15 

2{  2 

35c  30c 


14  12 
75c  50c 
131  1U 
18   17 

2.95  1.90 
35c  25c 


70c 

1.95  1 

1   65c 

80c  55c 

75c 


50c 

1} 

2.35 


45) 


171  15 


2H 


10c   5c 


45c  30c 

17  151 

12  93 

35c  25c 


4  3.60 
75c  65c 


5c 


50c  30c 

H  1 

29  2J 

6$  6 

IS  1.20 

45'  39' 


363  321 
75c  70c 
121   10J 


21  .... 
90c  50c 
7    53 


5    41 
65c  60c 


163   15) 

23   25 


90c  70c 

2}  2 

3.40  2.10 

20c  10c 

45c  40o 

50c  20c 

40c  35c 

50c  .... 

5  31 

4  3 

13  95c 

35c  30c 

99  75) 


2  U 
40c  25c 
40c  30c 


Sales  at  S.  F.  Stock  Exchange. 


Friday  A.  HI.,  June  «. 

440  Alta 1010103 

145  Alpha 283028$ 

1105  Andes 90080c 

100  Baltimore  Uon '. .  .1 

195  Belcher 5* 

720  Bullion 9J09I 

505  Best  &  Belcher  . .  .200201 

670  Benton 73.07i 

700  C  Dorado 2J02.3O 

490  Con  Virginia 65 

40  Chollar 83 

665  California 6j 

220  Caledonia 23.02.90 

120  Challenge 3i«3.H> 

335  Crown  Point 5J(§  5J 

200  Cosmopolitan 45c 

100  Confidence 15i@15 

4180  Con  Imperial 1. :>,"<■  12 

2880  Exchequer 93091 

■100  Flowery <,H)wAV 

315  Gould  &  Curry... 121012f 

350  Hale  &  Nor 17i@17 

700  Julia 4.6004.55 

400  Justice «04  80 

90  Kentuck 5 

650  Lady  Bryan...  ,1.45i»1.40 

500  Leviathan 70@75c 

795  Lady  Wash.. 

300  Mexican 

675  Mackey 

200  Mount  View. 
760  N  Bonanza... 
820  New  York <Xic«:<  1 

90  North  Con  Vir v^ay 

500  N  Sierra  Nevada 10c 

70  Overman 10[ 

580  Ophir 363(a)36 

250  Potosi 5->5; 

30  Pioneer 30c 

500  Solid  Silver 15c 

30  Savage 16*. 

920  Silver  Hill 2,85@3 

200  Succor 70c 

425  Sierra  Nevada 540 1 53 1 

905  Scorpion 3J03.45 

10  Trojan ,, 35c 


.2^2.10 

2} 

21.-t2.4U 


265  Utah 25025J 

220  Union  Con 91092 

250  Ward U@l .30 

100  Woodville !^.40c 

195  Yellow  Jacket... 20i@20i 

AFTERNOON  SE3BTON. 

650  Adenda 65075c 

1400  Arpenta 1J01  ,05 

100  Albion 30c 

1050  Belle  Isle 1.15014 

250  Bodie 41041* 

1345  Bechtel 1J@1.90 

1375  Booker 85070c 

540  Belmont 70c 

625  Black  Hawk 2(5)2.10 

65  Bulwer 12012} 

770  Belvidere 1.8001.55 

850  Champion 40035c 

100  Caledonia  (B  H) 4} 

215  CPacific 6106 

1000  Day 40@30c 

545  Dudley 1.20 

155  Eureka  Con 17J017 

650  Fourth  July 80085c 

285  Grand  Prize 4.1004 

50  Golden  Terra 12 

1150  Gila 70@75c 

100  Goodshaw 50c 

315  Hillside 201 .95 

100  Hussey 10c 

100  Hamburg 50c 

325  Highbridge 30035c 

400  Independence 33 

250  Jackson 5I 

950  Jupiter 1J01.2O 

750  Mammoth 15(312 

200  Manhattan 2.35 

20  Martin  White 6} 

445  Mono 8J@8j 

350  Modoc 1101.15 

900  McClinton l]@1.10 

50  Northern  Belle. . .  .63.068 

340  Noonday 23(5-2 .  60 

300  NNoonday .'.90c 

750  Navajo 35040c 

1200  Orient 20c 

75  Paradise ,1,5001,55 


240  Richer 65060c 

55  Raymond&Ely...5@4.90 

150  Red  Cloud 50c 

510  Summit 2(6  " 

900  S  Bulwer... U@l 

1C0  Syndicate 3j 

150  S  Bodie 45c 

1300  S  Standard 25020c 

720  Tioga  Con 3@3.10 

1150  Tiptop 95c01 

100  Tuscarora 10c 

1000  University 70@75c 

600  Vortex 95c@l 

Saturday  A.  ill.,  June  7. 

100  Albion 25c 

170  Alpha ""' 

445  Alta. lOl 

1175  Andes 95c01.1O 

645  Argenta 1.05@1.10 

1250  Adenda 75065c 

40  Best  &  Belcher.. 19J0191 

290  Belcher 5305J 

450  Baltimore  Con 14,(<#1 

1260  Bullion "" 

305  Benton 

1200  Belle  Isle 7.1* 

400  Bodie 41J041 

810  Bechtel 1.70©1£ 

1025  Bulwer 12*012 

70  Black  Hawk 2.40@2} 

900  Booker 70c 

615  Belvidere 13,02 

600  Belmont 7Uc 

200  Caledonia 2j@2_.95 

765  California ...: 

530  Con  Virginia 6£@7 

3(50  Chollar 8J0S- 

445  CrownPoint 5J05J 

890  Con  Imperial 1.900! 

5  Confidence 154 

160  Challenge 3@2.95 

700  Cosmopolitan 40c 

770  Con  Dorado 

200  Champion 25c 

100  CPacific 64 

200  Caledonia  (B  H) 4J 

500  Dudley 80c 

1300  Day 45c 

565  Exchequer 9$©9g 

100  Erie 60c 

10  Eureka  Con 17 

835  Flowery 95090c 

100  Fairfax _.75c 

295  Gould&Curry _. 

190  Golden  Terra 1 

35  GrandPrize 4 

300  Goodshaw 50c 

120  H&Norcross 17g 

250  Hussey.. 10c 

300  Hamburg 

30  Hillside 2.9502 

750  Independence 3.'. 

380  Justice 4,  " 

265  Julia 4i@4.60 

350  Jupiter i.10 

115  Kentuck 5i 

828  LWash 2.     _ 

1410  L  Bryan 1.3001* 

400  Leviathan ._.70c 

865  Leopard 

230  Mexican 43i 

100  Morning  Star 

525  Mackey 2.     _ 

175  Mountain  View 2j 

10  Manhattan 2.30 

500  McClinton 1J01    " 

50  Modoc 

520  Mono 9*09 

145  Mammoth 104, 

100  M  White t> 

450  New  York 95c 

590  N  Bonanza. ...2.  "_ 

415  N  Con  Virginia 9 

900  Navajo 40c 

1420  Noonday 2.70@2.90 

280  Ophir 36J036* 

600  Orient 20c 

125  Overman 11(5)103 

200  Pioneer 20c 

200  Plutus 14@U 

100  Potosi 5^ 

1360  Paradise 1. 550*1. 60 

185  Raymond  &  E 5 

115  Savage 16i»16£ 

355  Scorpion 3.4003.10 

175  Sierra  Nevada 54 

170  Silver  Hill 2j@2.i 

100  Senator 20c 

1500  Solid  Silver. 

35  Syndicate 

125  Summit 2.05 

525  South  Bodie 45@40c 

590  S  Bulwer 1J01.1O 

280  Troian 35@30c 

330  Tioga 3@3.15 

550  Tiptop 1.10(5)1.15 

25  Utah 26_@25 

95  Union  Con 

600  University 75(c070c 

600  Vortex 95c01 

1375  Ward IT 

100  Woodville 30i 

395  Yellow  Jacket. .  .20i@20J 
Monday  A.  M.«  June  ' 

130  Alpha 31032J 

240  Alta 10$ 

100  Atlantic 40c 

590  Andes 11@1.15 

1640  Benton "..807* 

880  Bullion 10.@llj 

640  Belcher 5306 

250  Best  &  Belcher 20 

235  California 

10  Confidence _16 

1195  Con  Virginia 

370  Chollar 8J083 

4655  Con  Imperial.. 2. 05(gj2. 35 
795  CrownPoint. ......5_@5i 

360  Caledonia 2.90@3 

850  C  Dorado 2i(ffi2,60 

545  Challenge 3.40@3.35 

100  Cosmopolitan 40c 

1330  Exchequer. 18@1L j 

650  Erie 75c 

200  Flowery 95c 

400  Fairfax 1 

230  Gould&Curry 12J 

230  Hale  &  Nor 181@18i 

260  Julia 4j@4.85 

520  Justice 4J 

625  Kentuck 5.(56 

805  Lady  Wash 28(5)2.80 

805  Lady  Bryan....  1.40@1. 45 

300  Leviathan 75@70c 

475  Mexican , 

100  Maryland 50c 

700  Mackey 2.10@2.15 

300  Mountain  View.  .2i@2. 35 
545  N  Bonanza 2.460*2.35 

1490  North  Con  Vir 9@9£ 

2010  New  York. 95c@l 

100  N  Sierra  Nevada 15c 

255  Ophir 36j 

75  Overman Hi 

100  Occidental 95c 

15  Phil  Sheridan 50c 

750  Potosi 6_@7 

200  Plutus 650370c 

230  Scorpion 3i 

200.  Silver  Hill 2.90 

205  Savage 16J@16fi 

45  Seg  Belcher 25 

50  Succor 90c 

200  Sierra  Nevada....! 

750  Solid  Silver ] 

200  Trojan 35@30c 

160  Union  Con 970*99 

125  Utah 23@27i 

100  Wells-Fargo 30c 

1450  Ward 1 .45@1 .35 

185  Yellow  Jacket....  20J@20J 

AFTERNOON  SESSION.  . 

1400  Adenda 75@70c 

1315  Argenta 1.05@1 

200  Albion 25@30c 

480  Black  Hawk 2.65@3 

420  Belvidere 2. 10022 

200  Bulwer. 12(n6H3 

265  Bodie 460*47 

300  Belmont 

520  Belle  Isle 1.4..  _ 

1030  Bechtel 2@1.90 


1520  Booker 90c@I 

200  Caledonia  (B  H) 4J 

500  Champion .35c 

2400  C  Pacific 70*7i 

i00  Chieftain 10c 

2720  Dudley li@U 

250  Day 45<g40c 

150  Defiance li@l.40 

225  DeFrees 5e 

235  Eureka  Con 170*15£ 

100  Fourth  July 90@95c 

275  Goodshaw 50@60c 

1715  Gila 75@65c 

100  Grand  Prize... 3. 800*3. 60 

250  Golden  Terra 12i 

170  Hussey 5c 

60  Hillside 2 

400  Hamburg .50c 

75  Highbridge 25c 

375  Independence 3i(S>3 

425  Jupiter 1.20@1.30 

200  Leeds 1 

50  Leopard 80c 

370  Mono 12@12J 

770  McClinton 18@il.40 

50  Manhattan 2.30 

20  Modoc 1 

615  Mammoth 130*13$ 

30  MWhite 6 

10  Northern  Belle 6J 

2160  Noonday 3@3 .  10 

400  N  Noonday 90c0*95c 

450  Navajo 35@40c 

900  Orient 20c 

200  Paradise 1.65(5)2 

90  Real  del  Monte 2 

170  Raymond  &  Ely..  .4$<5)4i 

1675  S  Bulwer 1.45@li 

300  Star 40c 

660  Syndicate 4 j 

750  S  Bodie 45@40c 

200  South  Standard... 250*20c 

670  Summit 2.IC~" 

445  Tioga  Con 4@3.90 

1625  Tiptop U@L55 

1950  University 80@90c 

300  Vortex 95c@l 

Tuesday  A.  31 . ,  June  10. 

1430  Andea 1J«»1.15 

675  Alta 11@1U 

70  Alpha 31 

1400  Atlantic 40@35c 

895  Benton 8|@8J 

500  Baltimore  Con...  .1.05(5)1 

1075  Bullion U}@1H 

1985  Belcher 6@6* 

195  Best  &  Belcher 21 

825  California 6JC  " 

460  Caledonia 2.95@3 


1045  Chollar.. 90*85 

85  Confidence 16J@16l 

2870  Con  Imperial. . .  .2.30@2j 

470  Crown  Point 5i0*6 

500  Cosmopolitan 50o 

850  Con  Dorado 2.30(5)2g 

630  Challenge 3J@3.35 

1565  Exchequer .ll^llj 

380  Flowery 850*80c 

780  Gould  &  Curry... 13i@13j 

300  Green l| 

325  H&  Norcross 180*173 

1160  Justice 4.40@4.55 

620  Julia 5(5:51 

150  Kentuck 5j 

660  L  Bryan 1.30@l| 

400  Leviathan 70@75c 

1055  Lady  Wash 22<»3 

615  Mexican 43(*43J 

140  Mt  View 2j 

475  Mackey 21(32.15 

515  North  Con  Vir 9(o#i 

1350  New  York lj@1.20 

680  N  Bonanza 2i@2.40 

145  Overman 7 114 

1165  Ophir 36J@36 

70  Occidental 1 

1000  Pioneer 20c 

320  Phil  Sheridan 80c 

820  Potosi 6J@6i 

200  Plutus 1.65(,a>l,7U 

10  Seg  Belcher 7.  .25 

345  Sierra  Nevada 530*52} 

460  Silver  Hill 230*2.90 

130  Savage 16jftd>16g 

150  Succor 800*75c 

490  Solid  SUver .'20c 

690  Scorpion 3@3.30 

800  Trojan 35c 

210  Utah 260*25 

1040  Union  Con ,90@88J 

2700  Wells  Fargo 25(£40c 

430  Ward 1 .60@13 

300  YeUow  Jacket.... 211^21 

AFTERNUUN  SESSION. 

100  Albion 20c 

750  Addenda 70@75c 


....101.05 
70@75c 

.1.30(5)1.35 
Ill 

....45@44J 

.1.85@1.90 
..101.10 


1555  Argenta. 
865  Belmont ... 
985  Belle  Isle.. 

45  Bulwer 

450  Bodie 

925  Bechtel.... 
2125  Booker.... 

735  Belvidere 1.....  ... 

700  Black  Hawk 2£@2.'60 

2100  C  Pacific SiOSBJ 

2425  Champion 45@35c 

1000  Caledonia  (B  H).. 3 

400  Chieftain... 10c 

1700  DeFrees 5c 

3050  Day 45@40c 

1610  Dudley 1.30@H 

1600  Defiance l| 

180  Eureka  Con 15i 

350  Endowment 35c 

905  Gila 70@65c 

85  GrandPrize 33 

700  Goodshaw 750*65c 

30  Golden  Terra 13 

100  Highbridge 30c 

100  Hamburg 50c 

50  Hillside 1.90 

1685  Independence 3 

150  Jackson 5i 

1135  Jupiter 1.550*1$ 

20  Leopard. 80c 

270  Leeds 50c@l 

210  Manhattan 2J@2.35 

320  McClinton 1@1.40 

150  Modoc 1 

850  May  Belle 500*40c 

315  Mono 12i0124 

125  Martin  White 613:61 

60  Northern  Belle 64 

1330  Navajo 40(5}45c 

1680  Noonday 3\ 

350  N  Noonday 90c 

500  Oriental 75c 

20  Orient 30c 

150  Phenix 2J 

1600  Paradise 2@1.95 

100  Queen  Bee 40c 

170  Raymond&Ely 4A 

600  Star 40c 

350  Syndicate 4J@5 

670  Summit 210*2.10 

800  S  Bodie 45c 

1530  S  Bulwer. 1. 400*1* 

475  S  Standard. .....  ,25@20c 

1600  Tuscarora 10c 

20  Tioga 4 

1660  Tiptop lj(#13 

525  University 70@60c 

400  Vortex 95c@l 

500  Wales 20*2.05 

Wert  *sduy  A.M.,  June  11. 

195  Alpha 30 

550  Atlantic 40c 

770  Andes 1 

300  Alta 10 

1935  Benton 730*71 

1115  Bullion 9i(5>93 

725  Belcher 6*@6J1 

195  B  &  Belcher 19j@19 

500  Baltimore  Con.... 1@1. 15 


MINING  SHAREHOLDERS'  DIRECTORY. 


Compiled  every  Thursday  from  Advertisements  in  Mining  and  Scientific  Press  and  other  S.  F.  Journals. 
ASSESSMENTS-STOCKS  ON  THE  LISTS  OP  THE  BOARDS. 


Company. 
Andes  S  M  Co 
Belcher  S  M  Co 
Bodie  G  M  Co 
Booker  Con  G  M  Co 
Brilliant  M  Co 
Bechtel  Con  M  Co 
Bullion  M  Co 
Crown  Point  G  &  S  M  Co 
DeFrees  M  &  M  Co 
Gila  S  M  Co 

Hussey  Con  G  &  S  M  Co 
Justice  M  Co 
Mexican  G  &  S  M  Co 
North  Carson  S  M  Co 
N  Comstock  S  M  Co 
N  Noonday  M  i^o 
Trojan  MCo 
Raymond  &  Ely  M  Co 
Real  Del  Monte  M  Co 
South  Bulwer  G  M  Co 
Solid  Silver  G  &  S  M  Co 
Succor  M  &  M  Co 
Summit  G  M  Co 
Tioga  Con  M  Co 
Trojan  M  Co 
Union  Con  S  M  Co 
University  G  M  Co 
Yellow  Jacket  S  M  Co 


Location. 

Nevada  12 

Nevada  18 

California  2 

California  2 

Nevada  2 

California  2 

Nevada  9 

Nevada  37 

Nevada  10 

Nevada  4 

Nevada  8 

Nevada  28 

Nevada  6 

Nevada  8 

Nevada  1 

California  2 

Nevada  10 

Nevada  11 

Nevada  7 

California  3 

Nevada  1 

Nevada  23 

California  2 

California  5 

Nevada  10 


Nevada    13 

California      2 

Nevada    32 


No.    Amt.  Levied. 

25  May  5 

1  00  May  20 

1  00  Apr  23 

25  Apr  23 

25  Apr  26 

25  Apr  19 

t  00  May  6 

1  00  June  4 

15  May  29 

20  Apr  30 

15  May  27 

1  00  May  26 

1  00  May  14 

25  Apr  26 

05  May  30 

25  June  5 

25  Apr  9 

1  00  Apr  23 

1  00  June  10 
10  May  8  ' 
25  May  14 
50  Apr  23 
50  June  5 
20  Apr  3 
25  April9 

2  00  June  4 
10  June  9 

1  00  Apr  15 


Delinq'nt.    Sale. 
June  11       July  1 
June  25     July  15 
May  30      June  19 


June  2 
May  30 


June  23 
June  21 


May  26      June  16 
June  9       June  3" 


Secretary.  Place  of  Business 

M  Landers  309  Montgomery  st 

Jno  Crockett  203  Bush  st 

Wm  H  Lent  309  Montgomery  at 

W  H  Lent  309  Montgomery  st 

W  A  M  Van  Bokkelen  419  Cal  at 

Wm  H  Lent  309  Montgomery  Bt 


July  11 
June  28 
June  3 
July  1 


July  29 
July  18 
June  23 
July  22 


June  30     July  19 
June  18      July  10 


June  2 
July  2 
July  14 
June  2 
June  2 
July  19 
June  12 
June  16 


June ' 
July  23 
Aug  18 
June  23 

Julyl 
Aug  11 

July  3 
July  10 


May  28      June  17 
July  10        July  31 


May  8 
June  2 
July  7 
July  14 


May  28 
June  23 
July  24 
Aug  4 


May  19      June  17 


Joseph  Gruff 
Jas  Newlands 
T  E  Atkinson 
Wm  W  Parrish 
Jno  E  Dixon 
R  E  Kelley 
C  L  McCoy 
J  W  Morgan 
D  L  Thoma3 
G  A  Holden 
David  Wilder 
Jos  Roberts,  Jr 
C  V  D  Hubbard 
William  Stuart 
J  J  Applegate 
Wm  H  Watson 
W  HLent 
WHLent 
David  Wilder 
J  M  Buffington 
W  Letts  Oliver 
Mercer  Otey 


418  California  st 

203  Bush  st 

-     318  Pine  st 

328  Montgomery  st 

327  Pine  st 

419  California  Bt 

203  BuBh  st 

318  Pine  st 

203  Bush  st 

310  Pine  st 

328  Montgomery  st 

330  Pine  st 

203  Bush  st 

320  Sansome  st 

331  Montgomery  st 

302  Montgomery  Bt 

309  Montgomery  st 

309  Montgomery  st 

328  Montgomery  st 

309  California  st 

328  Montgomery  st 

Gold  Hill,  Nev 


OTHER  COMPANIBS-NOT  ON  THE  LISTS  OP  THE  BOARDS. 


America  M  Co 
Amazon  Con  M  Co 
Butte  Creek  H  M  Co 
Black  Hawk  G  M  Co 
Champion  M  Co 
Emigrant  S  M  Co 
Florence  Blue  Grav  M  Co 
Goodshaw  M  Co 
Jupiter  M  Co 
Mayflower  S  M  Co 
McClinton  M  Co 
North  Bonanza  M  Co 
Occidental  Con  Grav  M  Co 
Oroville  Grav  M  Co 
Old  Dan  G  &  S  M  Co 
Oro  M  Co 
Queen  Bee  M  Co 
Rocky  Point  M  Co 
Seg  Europa  M  Co 
Sclby  Hill  M  Co 
SanPedroG&SMCo 
Sigourney  G  4.  S  M  Co 
Sophia  G  M  Co 
Tellurium  G&8  MCo 


Name  of  Company. 
American  Flat  M  Co 
Baltimore  Con  M  Co 
Con  Washoe  M  Co 
George  Douglass  M  Co 
Maryland  M  Co 
McCrackin  Con  M  Co 
Mitchell  G  &  S  M  Co 
Mammoth  M  Co 
Rock  Island  G  k  S  M  Co 
Vanderbtlt  M  &  M  Co 


Nevada  1 

Nevada  6 

California  2 

California  5 

California  3 

California  4 

California  4 

California  3 

California  3 

Nevada  1 

California  3 

Nevada  2 

California  1 

California  2 

California  1 

California  1 

California  3 

California  1 

Nevada  1 

California  2 

California  1 

California  2 

California  1 

California  18 


25  May  9 

10  Mar  24 

25  Apr  16 

25  Apr  28 

15  Apr  15 

50  May  10 

05  Apr  18 

10  Apr  23 

20  Apr  24 

05  Aprl 

25  May  15 

50  Apr  30 

07  May  19 

10  May  31 

35  May  16 

05  

10  April  22 

10  Apr  17 

25  Apr  4 

15  May8 

02  May  14 

05  May  15 
024  Apr  23 

10  May  29 


June  11 
June  11 
June  6 
June  5 
June  6 
June  10 
May  22 
May  30 
May  26 
June  6 
June  20 
June  4 
June  23 
June  30 
Juno  20 
May  8 
May  20 
May  29 
June  27 
June  9 
June  16 
June  21 
June  5 
July5 


June  28 
Julyl 
July  7 
June  28 
July  7 
June  30 
June  25 
June  20 
June  25 
June  30 
July  10 
June  29 
July  12 
July  18 
July  10 

June  16 
June  16 

July  14 

June  26 

July  7 

July  11 
June  23 

July  31 


R  B  Noyes 
Jno  Crockett 
R  L  Taylor 
H  A  Charles 
Jno  Crockett 
B  W  Mudge 
F  A  McGee 
Victor  Fernbach 
E  C  Masten 
JWPew 
Wm  H  Lent 
W  W  Stetson 
W  T  Smith 
J  T  McGeoghegan 
Wm  H  Watson 
William  Stuart 
T  A  White 
T  L  Bibhius 
R  B  Noyes 
H  Aug  Whiting 
T  A  White 
A  Judson 
L  L  Blood 
J  M  Litchfield 


MEETINGS  TO  BE  HELD. 


Locatios.    Secretary. 

Nevada  O  A  Sankey 

Nevada  C  A  Sankey 

Nevada  L  Hermann 

W  W  Bailsman 

C  A  Sankey 

Arizona  H  A  Whiting 

A  C  Hammond 

A  W  Rose,  Jr 

Nevada  R  N  Van  Brunt 

J  Morizio 


Office  in  S.  F. 

331  Montgomery  st 

331  Montgomery  st 

220  Sansome  st 

409  California  st 

331  Montgomery  st 

211  Sansome  st 

401  California  st 

302  Montgomery  st 

318  Pine  at 

328  Montgomery  st 


Special 
Special 
Annual 
Special 
Special 
Special 
Annual 
Annual 
Special 
Annual 


240  Montgomery  st 

203  Bush  st 

310  Pine  st 

419  California  st 

203  Bush  st 

309  Montgomery  st 

Merchants'  Ex 

327  Pine  st 

309  Montgomery  et 

310  Pine  st 

309  Montgomery  st 

309  Montgomery  Bt 

402  Montgomery  at 

318  Fine  st 

302  Montgomery  st 

320  Sansome  et 

113  Leidesdorff  st 

314  Bush  st 

240  Montgomery  at 

211  Sansome  st 

113  Leidesdorff  st 

320  SnnBome  st 

Merchants'  Ex 

415  Montgomery  st 


Datr 
June  19 
June  19 
June  17 
June  18 
June  19 
June  19 
June  17 
June  17 
June  18 
June  19 


LATEST  DIVIDENDS-WITHIN    THREE    MONTHS 


Name  of  Company. 
California  MCo 
Con  Virginia  M  Co 
Excelsior  W  &  M  Co 
Eureka  Con  M  Co 
Napa  Con  Q  M  Co 
Standard  Con  MCo 
Martin  Wbite  M  Co 


Location. 

Nevada 

Nevada 
California 

Nevada 
California 
California 

Nevada 


Secretary. 
C  P  Gordon 
A  W  Haven 
G  P  Thurston 
W  W  Traylor 
Win  W  Parrish 
W  WilliB 
J  J  Scoville 


Office  in  S.  F. 

'23  Nevada  Block 

309  Montgomery  st 

315  California  st 

37  Nevada  Block 
328  Montgomery  st 
309  Montgomery  st 
309  Montgomery  st 


1  00 
10 
50 
30 


Payable 
June  17 
Msyl5 
Apr  21 
May  21 
Apr  30 
Aor  12 
May  27 


300  Cosmopolitan 60C|2550 

330  Chollar 84@83'  755 

750  Con  Dorado... 2. 60("2. 70,1290 

470  Challenge 3@2.85l  850 

325  Erie 60c  100 

1770  Exchequer 9J@10  1280 

750  Fairfax 1 

780  Flowery 80@85c  1200 

200  Geo  Douglas 50c   450 

280  Gouldfc  Curry.. ,12i(nllS   205 

360  Halo  &Nor. 17(2=17, 

315  Julia 4.9il(rt4.85  1550 

435  Justice 4J(aH.15  1160 

420  Kentuck 5i@5J    400 

655  Lady  Bryan 1.40(^1  J    190 

220  Leviathan 70(rt75c  1835 

605  Lady  Wash. ...2. 40@2. 60   210 

1085  Mexican 39(S40   500 

690  Mackey 24(3-2.15    150 

200  MtView 2.40   150 

200  Maryland 50c   800 

130  North  Con  Vir 9@8J 

2440  New  York 1.10«*1     10 

820  N  Bonanza 2.20@2i   380 

130  Overman 11 

1120  Ophir 34@32J 

440  Occidental 1 

730  Potosi H@5l 

20  Plutus 1.70 

230  Phil  Sheridan 90c 

725  SUver  Hill 2J@2.40 

205  Savage 16@l5j 

l.c0  Solid  Silver 15c 

625  Succor. 80@75c 

10  Seg  Belcher 25 

570  Scorpion 3@2.90 

785  Sierra  Nevada. . . . 50@*9J 

50  Utah 

635  Union ._.  . 

350  Wells-Fargo 25(&30c 

3160  Ward 1.40@1.65 

510  Yellow  Jacket. .  .20i@201 

AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

1725  Addenda 7O@80c 

300  Albion 25c 

6  0  Argenta 1.05 

655  Black  Hawk 2i@2.40 

2310  Booker 1@1.05 

960  Belvidere 1.90@2 

235  Bulwer. 113@Hi 

1310  Bechtel 2@1  J 

595  Bodie 45@43J 

330  Belmont 70c 


Belle  Isle 1.30@U 

Caledonia  (B  H)...3I«43 

Con  Pacific 81<<?9 

Champion 45(o;50c 

Crcesus 10c 

Day 45@40c 

DeFrees 10c 

Defiance H 

Dudley 1.40@Is 

Eureka  Con 15j 

Endowment 25c 

Fourth  July StV70c 

Goodshaw 70@75c 

Golden  Terra 14 

Glynn  Dale 1 

Gila 70io75c 

Grand  Prize 3.90(34 

Hussey 10c 

Hamburg 50c 

Hillside 1.90 

Highbridge oOv^'h- 

Independence  . .  .3.15(rf3J 

Jackson 5J 

Jupiter li@l| 

Leeds 90c 

Leopard 75c 

Mammoth 13(3123 

May  Belle 30c 

Mono 110113 

McClinton 1.40@li 

Modoc 1 

Manhattan 2J(s2.^0 

Noonday 3J 

Northern  Belle 6i 

NNoonday 1 

Navajo 45c 

Oriental 70@75c 

Orient 20c 

Paradise 1 .  9S@2 

Queen  Bee 50c 

Raymond  &  Ely . .  4 .  90<"  5 

S  Bulwer 1^1.45 

Syndicate 4i@4j 

S  Bodie 45c 

South  Standard 50c 

Summit 2.10@2J 

Star 3c(S40c 

Tuscarora 10@15c 

Tioga  Con 3.80@4 

Tiptop 1.30«*H 

University 65c 

Vortex 90(«95c 

Wales 2J 


295  Mexican 

100  Morning  Star. , 

350  MtView 

570  Mackey 

450  New  York . 


SALES  OF   LAST  WEEK   AND  THIS  COMPARED 


265  Caledonia  . 
1050  California 

400  Confidence  . . . 
2060  Con  Imperial . 

435  Crown  Point,. 

330  OonVirgiuia  . 


!.65 

6J 

. .  .15@15j 

2.20(«>2.15 


TlinrstVy  A.  M.,  June  5< 

195  Alta 9j 

155  Alpha 29(»29) 

1125  Andes 80@90c 

250  Best  &  Belcher. ..  .20i@2l 

870  Bullion 8|@83 

165  Belcher 5S@53 

360  Benton 6g<j*7 

180  Confidence 15i@15 

120  California 6f 

100  Chollar Sj. 

355  Con  Virginia 6} 

260  Crown  Point 5J@5; 

2435  Con  Imperial '. 

170  Challenge 3.20 

560  Caledonia 2£@2.90' 

1300  Cosmopolitan 45(a40c 

1290  Con  Dorado 2.80@2 

1460  Exchequer 9j@&5 

400  Erie 50c 

300  Flowery 90c 

805  Gould&Curry 12j 

350  Hale  &  Nor K@17j 

410  Julia 4.60^4.65 

1420  Justice 4J(&4.05 

80  Kentuck 5i 

570  Lady  Bryan 1.20@li 

540  Lady  Wash... .1.80@1.8o 
450  Leviathan 


Thursday  A.M.,  June  12. 

125  Alpha 30i 

365  Alta 9i@9i 

955  Andes  1.0501.20 

100  Atlantic 45c 

185  Bestfc  Belcher 194 

1000  Bullion 93@9i 

1305  Belcher 7g@7i 

900  Baltimore  Con.l.20(al. 30 

125  Benton 71 

210  Challenge 3@3.10 

725  California 6i06i 

3920  Con  Imperial.. 2. 40@2: 35 

875  Chollar 9 

640  Con  Virginia. 6*0*3 

1050  Crown  Point 6f@6j 

490  Confidence 15J@16 

1180  Caledonia, 3J03.35 

500  CDorado 2j 

100  Cosmopolitan 50c 

200  Con  Washoe 30c 

845  Exchequer 1O09J 

100  Erie o5c 

430  Flowery 85@90c 

300  Fairfax 101.10 

175  Gould  &  Ourry. . .  .130123 

500  Green lj 

200  Geo  Douglas 55c 

180  Hale  &  Nor 17J017S 


150  N  Sierra  Nevada 15c 

535  North  Con  Vir. 

640  N  Bonanza 2.1502J 

245  Ophir 373037? 

85  Overman 11 

180  Potosi 6j 

20  Plutus 1.3e 

50  Pioneer 20c 

55  Savage 163016Z 

245  Sierra  Nevada... 5410545 

640  SUver  Hill 2.70<g2.8(' 

200  Senator 20t 

1480  Scorpion 3.4003^ 

400  Solid  Silver 15@20c" 

310  Trojan 25035i 

200  Utah 28028? 

20  Union  Con 9209J 

550  Woodville 40@50. 

850  Wells-Fargo 30i 

570  Ward 1.3f01J 

295  Yellow  Jacket... 203020} 


44'  685  Justice  .... 

31  490  Julia 

.2i02'.lO  370  Kentuck... 
..2.0502  750  Leviathan.. 
..85095c'll25  LadvWash.. 


..4.4004$ 

505$ 

...5J@5i 

...75(jT80c 
23 


AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

785  Argenta.. 1.1001.0; 

650  Albion 30- 

500  Adams  Hill i 

600  .Addenda 7508O< 

380  Belmont 70i 

120  Bodie 38J03! 

280  Bechtel l|0l"& 

625  Belle  Isle 1.15@1 

550  Booker 90095. 

1110  Black  Hawk 2@2.0 

805  Bulwer 13012 

365  Belvidere lj.01.8i 

570  Champion 46c 

800  Caledonia (BH)....4*(#4i 

1000  Chieftain 7. 10c 

1000  Crcesus 10c 

49o  C  Pacific 

1295  Day 55050c 

100  DeFrees 10c 

100  Defiance 1} 

545  Dudley 90c@l 

150  Endowment 30c 

140  Eureka  Cou 17} 

50  Fourth  July 80c 

425  Grand  Prize 4041 

1300  Gila 6507fc 

160  Giant  &O  A 6fi 

950  Goodshaw 6O05?« 

830  Hillside 201.95 

650  Hussey 10c 

475  Highbridge „.30e 

555  Independence"?. 


560  L  Bryan 1.4501.40 

975  Mexican 40039 

1180  Mackey 2.15024 

200  MtView 2.40 

300  Mides ]* 

450  Maryland...; 50@45o 

750  New  York 1101.20 

135  N  Con  Vir 8J085 

500  North  Sierra  Nev 15c 

720  N  Bonanza.... 2. 10@2. 15 

1220  Ophir 32J0344 

410  Overman 12012* 

75  Occidental 1085c 

100  Phil  Sheridan 75c 

515  Potosi 6g0tii 

100  Plutus 11 

265  Savage 16015J 

25  Succor SOo 

95  Seg  Belcher 28 

540  SierraNevada 49*048 

615  Silver  Hill 2402.40 

150  S  Potosi 60c 

025  Scorpion 302.95 

875  Solid  Silver 15020c 

100  St  Louis 50c 

65  Utah 24 

'.135  Union  Con 80075* 

50  Woodville 35c 

:540  Ward lj@2 

570  Yellow  Jacket... 2OJ02OJ 

AFTERNOON  HEHBlON. 

400  Albion 20@25c 

2000  Addenda 75c@70c 

750  Argenta 1.0501.15 

370  Booker 

445  Black  Hawk.. 

575  Belvidere 202.05 

20  Bulwer 1U 

480  Bodie 44i<5 

1170  Bechtel 2@1. 

2530  Belle  Isle^.... .1.3001. 35 

50  Belmont 70c 

680  Champion 45055c 

310  Caledonia  (B  H}...4304* 

360  CPacific 8J08S 

225  Day 40c 

200  Double  Standard 50c 

2950  Dudley 1.3001$. 

500  DeFrees I0o 

150  Defiance 14 

90  Eureka  Con 15$ 

800  Fourth  July 85@80c 

1070  Goodshaw 75o 

1030  Gila 80075c 

600  Glen  Dale 1 

SOO  Hamburg 50c 

1000  Highbridge 25o 

100  Hillside 1J 


240  Jackson 54    100  Hussey  ...»* 10©5o 

1200  Jupiter 95e@l|'  675  Independence  ...3}03. 10 

1480  Leopard 70065c!  200  Jackson 6 

30  Leeds 75cilS15  Jupiter 1J01.9O 

325  McClinton 1.30011 1  550  May  Belle 30c 

1005  Mono 8i08ii    90  Mammoth 1H 

950  Modoc li  1S15  McClinton 1.4001.20 

235  Mammoth 14   150  M  White 64 

10  Martin  White 6l    85  Mono 11|012 

10  Hay  Belle 50c|  270  Manhattan 2*02.40 

145  Manhattan 2. 35021 '  820  Noonday 3103.20 


Northern  Belle 

2000  Navajo 35c 

2000  Noonday 2.90 

1875  NNoonday 1 

850  Orient 20c 

400  Paradise 14 

50  Phenix 2* 

230  Raymond&Ely.. 4304. 60 

50  Richer 70c 

130  Red  Cloud 45060c 

490  Summit 2024 

1150  S  Standard 35c 


640  NNoonday 1.1001 

150  Navajo 4f 035c 

100  Northern  Belle.... 6i@6tf 

900  Orient 

100  Paradise 

t25  Queen  Bee 

10  Real  del  Monte.. 

10  Raymond  fit  Ely  . 

250  Red  Cloud 

140  Syndicate 

100  Star. ._..40o 

715  Summit., 


June  14,  1879.I 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


381 


350  8  Bodie WrajOcI  450  K  Bulw.r 1.4591.35 

WIS  H  Bulwrr..  BOO  S  Standard 25*et30c 

320  Star lr0HBodio 

800  Tiptop *X     430  Silver  Ktii« 8 

50  TuKWon 15c  I3uu  Tiotop 1. 3501.10 

625  Tioga  Con 31,  &J0  Ti.^fu  Coo.... 

3950  University 70 

600  Vortex 96e^l*  ?w  Vestal 90c@l 


Pacific  Board— Latest  Sales. 

H>UV*fluy.l.H*.Juili*  II.  AITKIlNiMlS  MESilION. 

10  Audea 1.05 

120  A1U lO-'l&i  30  UUck  lUwk 2» 

710  Belcher 6l4§$.4fi  I'M  Bullion 10 

80  Bat  *  Bolch.  ■■  175  Bolvldura 31 

320  Bulliou H  85  Benton 81<«flJ 

75  Caledonia.  MO  Caledonia..  . 

130  California, H<efi       1  •  Csiironus. 6i«r«J 

50  Challenge 3      30  Confidence 151 

230  Ctmera  11(93.15  440  Oon  Imperial...  -,     :'   k] 

Imperial    I  II  --'  '.'J     59  drawn  Point 

HO  Cod  Virginia. til^ti*  30  Exchequer. "*' 

S10  Grown  Point 5|«5|     20  Flowery    

44)  Exchcouer   loi«/lU     40  Gould  &  Curry. 

ild*0urry...l3|@lll  liw  Julia 

17it  Hale  ft  Nor 17i  260  Justice 

KQ  .1  uli» i"'4.2U  90  Liwlv  W»»h 


150  J  notice 

JO  Mexican 

150  New  York 

190  Ophlr 

30  Overman 

70  Potoni 

50  Savage 

50  Hierra  Nev-ida 

90  Summit. 


..(vii. tu     in  Mejdoao 

70  M.-no 

,  .l.Oftcfi   690  New  York... 
,..3li@3a   300  N  Standard, . 

11     90  W  Bonanza., 

10  ophlr 

..I5t<rfl5t    100  Overman 

I  1000  Succor 

.2i    300  Solid  Silver.. 


.I'li'.-H 
90c 

■     1 

.4.35-tf4i 

,3.60«rt.W 

41) 

....13@lll 

1  H.-i: 
■■    ■■!    1  . 

::::::::# 
:::::::« 

.15c 


150  8  Utah 2*c     40  Silver  liill 2.55 

10  Utah -li    loo  Trojan 34c 

70  Union  Con 82(|<81     20  UnionCon 86 

170  Ward  1. Cowl  .65,     10  Utah 25 

100  WootlvlHu 50c    300  Ward ljf  1.70 

70  Yellow  Jacket 20JI    10  Yellow  Jacket. ..  M[t&SD 


California  Board —Latest  Sales. 


Ur.lNdin   1.1I...H.I..    II 

100  Atlantic 45c 

950  yfitua 35c 

20  Alpha 

40  Alta lOgflOi 

200  BrilUant 30(«10c 

50  Belcher 6i(§6( 

10  Best*  Belcher 20 

50  Bullion 9|&>[9i 

40  California  ... 

50  Con  Virginia 6i 

300  Con  Imperial 2.20^ 

40  Crown  Point 5j 

80  Chollar H@8j 

500  Cosmopolitan C5o 

70  Challenge 3J@3.05 

80  Caledonia '2i<»2 -So 

200  Dayton 10c 

50  Exchequer 101(*10| 

50  Gould  ft-  Curry...  121(012] 

140  Julia 5**5.05 

70  Justice 4.30 

50  Kortautli... 15c 

HO  Leviathan 70c 

loo  Mint.... 
50  Mexican 


40  Alpha 30 

50  Alta 10t@10l 

40   belcher 61 

20  Best  ft  Belcher.... 20^193 

40  Bullion 8|«9( 

5u  California 61 

30  Con  Virginia 6? 

300  Con  Imperial.  ...2ii"2. 30 

40  Crown  Point 6 

30  Chollar 8\ 

CO  Challeime 3.  Ith.rt3.15 

50  Caledonia H.85@2.90 

600  Coso  Con 14"'  121c 

80  CPaciBc 89 

70  Exchequer. 101^103 

150  Gila 70c 

70  Gould  &  Curry  ...12Kai2| 

50  Glynn  Dale 40c 

40  Hale&Nor 171(317* 

&0  Julia 5(36.10 

90  Justice 4.45(<J4.35 

40  Lady  Wash 2.65 

30  Mexican 41) 

ICO  Monumental 5c 

15c!  100  N  Sierra  Nevada, lie 

391<g39l!    40  Ophlr 33JW33J 


ining    Summary. 


The  following  li  mostly  condensed  from  Journals  pub- 
lished in  the  interior,  In  proximity  to  the  mines  mentioned. 


300  N  Sierra  Nevada llci    50  Potoni H@*l 

50  Ophlr 35(rt35i    110  Phil  Sheridan 80c 

70  Sierra  Nevada.,. 49>«r491    500  SUtoh 25c 

1300  8  Utah 7@25c     30  Savage l&\ 

40  Union Ktotti     20  Silver  Hill 2.55 

950  Tiger 55@60c 

afternoon  session".        I  100  Ward 1.60 

30)  AlmaueuU 45<(?50c     75  Wales 2}@2| 

G50  .F.Liia 35c!     20  Yellow  Jacket 20J 


Mining  Share  Market. 


Iu  spite  of  the  fluctuations   of  the  stock  mar- 
ket, there  is  a  general  feeling  that  a  good  mar- 
ket exists,  and  that  the  tendency  is  towards  im- 
provement.    With  an  upward  tendency  early  in 
the  week,  a  slight  decline  was  experienced    to- 
ward  the  close.     The  cause    originates  in   the 
contest  between   Comstock  and  Bodie.     In  this 
contest  between  really  notorious  interests,  it  is 
to  be   hoped   that  wildcat  and    comparatively 
worthless   stocks  will  be  crowded   out.     These 
are   naturally  more  active  and  seductive  when 
leading  stocks  decline,  because  of   some  interior 
commotion.     It  cannot  be  denied  that  the  mar- 
ket shows  feverish  symptoms,   but  there   need 
not  be  any  apprehensions   on  this  account,  in- 
deed, with  the  disappearance  of  the  symptoms  a 
healthy  re-action  will  set  in,  and  an  active  mar- 
ket is  anticipated  within  the  next  50  days.  The 
immediate  future  is  rendered  more  forbidding  by 
the  bears,  who  luckily  took  the  market  at  its 
ebb.     The  rapidly  increasing  demand  for  stocks 
of  the  Bodie  district,  caused  by  the  flow  of  East- 
ern capital  in  that  direction,  causes  the  manipu- 
lation of  other  stocks   to  create  a  diversion  in 
their  direction.     The  attempt  of  any  person  to 
depress  our    stocks  in  the  East,  particularly  of 
the  hydraulic   and  quartz  mines,  will   have  no 
other  than  a  good  effect,  contrary  of  course  to 
his  intention,  in  that  the  extravagance  of  his  as- 
sertions will  excite  inquiry  among  Eastern  cap- 
italists, which  can  have  only  one  result,  viz.,  sat- 
isfactory reports  and  further  investments.     New 
and  paying  gold    mines    are   being   opened   in 
greater  number  in  this  State  now  than  at  any 
other  time,  and  in  our  recent  districts  we  be- 
lieve there  is  more  wealth  in  sight  than  ever  be- 
fore.    We  must,  however,  caution   our  readers 
against  false  appearances.     In  all  business   en- 
terprises there  is  bad  mingled  with  good.     But  a 
wise  determination  to  examine  before  investing, 
will  relieve  all  from  the  odium  of  being  classed 
among  those  credulous  ones  who  seem  born  to  be 
relieved  of  their  coin  by   skillful  and  unprinci- 
pled manipulators.     The    transactions    of    the 
Board  for  the  past  week  may  be  set  down  at  an 
aggregate  of  §3,500,000.     Small,  of  course,  in 
comparison  to  the  activity  of  former  periods.  It 
maybe  that  not  one-tenth  are  bonaf.de  sales. 
So  we  warn  our  readers  that   wildcats  seem  to 
monopolize  the  business  at  present,  and  that  as- 
sessments are  being  freely  levied.     And  to  cau- 
tiously draw  the  line  between  the  value  of  the 
mine,  and  the  unprincipled  manipulation  of  the 
stock. 


CALIFORNIA. 

AMADOR. 
Tiik  KkllvMink. —  Dispatch,  Jiuu  7     Mr  Owen  Rally, 

Iiropriotor  of  tin-  Kelly  unlit-,  on  Hurphy'e  ridge  (formerly 
mown  h  the  UeKu  s  Love  mine),  will  commence  wors 
next  Holiday,  miming  the  tunnel  In  100  ft  further,  whore 

hfl  SXpQCll  to  sink.-  the  main  ledge.  The  tunnel  is  already 
In  abonl    400   (I,   and   will   therefore  he   ahout  ,'.00    (t   In 

length  when  oompleted  Be  expect!  to  reach  the  ledge  In 
iii». ut  tAx  weeks, 

From  Ahador  City.  a  very  serious  accident  occurred 
ivt  the  Keystone  mine  last  Wednesday,  bj  which  two  min- 
ers, Darned  Angelo  Kruno  and  John*  Kennel;,  wei  lerl 
oasly  Injured  the  former  probahly  fatally.  While  drill- 
log  ii  blast  hole  en  old  Giant  powder  cartridge  was  struck 

hy  the  drill  and  exploded. 

II  m  l-ini,  Kin  *       Mt'-srn    Marshull,  Lorraine    ,v    i ^jester 

are  engaged  in  hauling  about  150  Uhih  of  rock  lr their 

mine,  near  the  Cute,  to  the  Moore  mill,  to  he  crushed  as  a 
tc  il      El  is  expected  that  it  will  yield  a  rich  return. 

Uoori  —Ledgi  r,  June  7:  .\  mishap  ol  s  serious  nature 
occurred  at  thin  mine  Inst  Uonday.  It  must  he  remem- 
bered that  to  the  depth  of  'Joo  ft  the  Nhufl   is   an   old   one. 

When  the  water  wss  taken  out  by  ,llL'  present  company  it 

was  thought  unnecessary  to  retiinlier  the  shaft  below 
water  level,  as  the  old  timbering  was  found  to  be  com- 
paratively sound.  Atmospheric  Influences,  however,  Bince 
the  shaft  has  been  drained,  have  caused  rapid  decay.  The 
company  being  short  ol  means,  naturally  staved  off  the 
work  of  retimbcring  as  long  as  possible.  On  Monday  the 
timbers  gave  way,  stopping  all  work  in  the  levels.  The 
extent  of  the  disustor  is  not  exactly  known;  as  although 
the  opening  is  not  entirely  closed  at  any  point,  which  is 
proven  by  the  pump  working  freely,  stilt  entrance  through 
the  shaft  is  too  dangerous  to  be  thought  of.  The  general 
impression  seems  to  bo  that  the  70  ft  of  new  shaft,  sunk 
by  the  present  company,  is  uninjured,  but  that  the  old 
shaft  will  have  to  ho  rctimbered  all  the  way,  except  pcr- 
-haps  a  few  ft  from  the  surface.  Ketimberlng  was  com- 
menced on  Tuesday.  It  will  take  probably  six  weeks  to 
put  the  shaft  In  good  order.  The  dump  wAs  exhausted  of 
rock  Monday  night,  since  which  time  the  mill  has  been 
running  on  ore  from  a  claim  at  Jackson  Gate. 

MoNTEiticHARU.—  This  Diiuc  is  In  a  very  prosperous  con- 
dition. A  clean-up  was  made  this  week,  which  yielded 
about  $1,500  over  expenses.  The  liabilities  of  the  com- 
pany are  being  gradually  liquidated.  It  is  expected  that 
by  the  end  of  summer,  if  the  rock  continues  to  yield  as  at 
present,  the  company  will  be  entirely  free  from  debt.  The 
ore  body  continues  small,  but  improves  in  quality.  The 
last  run  was  the  best  yet  made. 

MiscKLLASEOi'9,— The  clean-up  at  the  Downs'  mine, 
made  a  few  days  ago,  panned  oat  §25  per  ton.  While  this 
is  a  splendid  yield,  still  it  is  less  than  the  average  rock 
taken  from  this  mine.  The  decreased  yield  is  accounted 
for  by  the  fact  that  the  ore  of  late  has  come  from  stopes 
near  the  surface,  and  it  has  been  the  experience  in  con- 
nection with  the  claim,  that  the  ore  has  improved  in 
quality  with  increasing  depth.  The  Talisman  mine  and 
mill  are  both  idle.  Beyond  the  taking  out  of  water,  there 
is  nothing  going  on  around  the  works.  Parties  are  nego- 
tiating for  the  purchase  of  a  controlling  interest  in  the 
Eclipse  mine,  at  Amador  City.  If  the  sale  is  consum- 
mated, and  there  is  every  reason  to  believe  that  it  will  ho, 
active  operations  will  commence  almost  immediately. 
Both  the  Gover  and  Bunker  Hill  mines  are  passing 
through  a  period  of  depression.  The  yield  lately  has  been 
barely  sufficient  to  pay  expenses.  At  the  Pennsylvania 
mine,  New  Chicago,  the  indications  point  to  a  protracted 
period  of  idleness.  The  wood  and  other  material  about 
the  works  have  been  sold.  They  are  negotiating  with  J. 
R.  Johns  for  the  sale  of  the  hoisting  and  other  machinery, 
and  it  is  understood  that  if  a  sale  cannot  bo  effected,  most 
of  the  works  will  be  sent  away  to  Fresno  county.  Twelve 
men  are  employed  on  the  Maryland  and  Seaton  mines. 
Charley  Peters,  on  Thursday,  shipped  a  couple  of  tons  of 
quartz  from  the  Goop  Hope  mine,  in  Jackson,  to  Sacra- 
mento, to  be  treated  by  the  Roberts  process. 

CALAVERAS. 

West  Point.—  Citizen,  June  7:  In  and  around  West 
Point,  summer  is  on  hand,  the  mercury  rising  to  90*  and 
over.  Haying  is  just  beginning,  with  prospects  for  a  fair 
and  over  an  average  yield,  and  iu  consequence  there  will 
not  be  much  mining  for  the  next  few  weeks.  The  quartz 
mills,  however,  are  all  busy  and  will  continue  working 
until  water  gives  out  in  the  fall. 

ELDORADO- 

Tub  Black  Rock  Mine.— Democrat,  June  7:  Superin- 
tendent John  Sipp  informs  us  that  a  crushing  of  rock 
recently  made  turned  out  splendidly.  The  mine  is  now 
equipped  with  a  five-stamp  mill,  which  takes  the  place  of 
the  French  burr-stones  originally  tried,  and  work  will  be 
pushed  right  along.  Both  ledges  are  developing  first- 
rate. 

E.  D.  W.  &  D.  G.  M.  Co.— This  company  ia  nowworking 
the  White  Rock,  Reservoir  Hill,  Loomis  and  North  Excel- 
sior mines,  besides  furnishing  water  to  wash  tailings  in 
Spanish  ravine  and  in  the  creek  on  the  Bush  Dickson 
ranch.  They  expect  soon  to  have  employment  for  all  the 
water  they  can  bring  down. 

Robertson*  Process.— A  lot  of  10  tons  from  the  Gold 
Deposit  mine,  near  Kelscy,  is  to  be  tested,  of  which  a 
portion  has- already  been  shipped.  Also  10  tons  from  the 
Rose  mine,  this  city,  for  which  Mr.  Parkinson  gave  Mr. 
Brewster  §15  per  ton  at  the  mine,  that  being  the  full 
amount  which  Mr.  Brewster  claimed  that  he  could  net  by 
milling  it,  and  Mr.  Parkinson  sends  it  below  at  his  own 
risk  and  as  a  speculation  from  which  he  is  sanguine  of 
realizing  a  handsome  profit.  An  arrangement  is  reported, 
by  the  terms  of  which  he  engages  to  take  the  entire  prod- 
uct of  the  Rose  mine  at  the  above  figure. 


In  Sumatra,  when  telegraph  messages  are  de- 
layed or  fail  to  be  transmitted,  it  is  because  the 
wires  are  down  or  won't  work,  as  elsewhere,  but 
it  is  not  attributed  to  storms.  Elephants  and 
tigers  npset  the  poles  and  monkeys  break  the 
wires  by  taking  gymnastic  exercises  on  them, 


MONO- 

Placer  Gold.  —  Xews,  June  5:  Our  reporter  was  this 
moniing  shown  a  beautiful  little  bar  of  placer  gold,  taken 
out  of  one  of  the  claims  immediately  above  the  school- 
house.  Its  weight  was  15  ounces  and  its  value  about  §14 
per  ounce,  or  $210.  This  was  the  result  of  about  15  days' 
work  on  the  part  of  two  men.  Nearly  half  the  time  they 
were  without  water.  Were  it  not  for  this  drawback,  a 
good  deal  of  money  would  be  taken  out  of  the  placers. 
The  same  parties  a  few  days  ago  had  a  bar  of  $60.46. 

Tiik  Dudley  Mine.— Connection  has  been  made  between 
the  300  level  and  the  old  tunnel  workings  by  means  of  the 
upraise,  and  drifts  north  and  south  are  being  run  in  the 
ore  body,  preparatory  to  stoping.  The  drift  is  now  about 
60  ft  in  length.  The  richer  ore,  which  has  many  of  the 
characteristics  of  that  of  the  Bodie  in  color  as  well  as  in 
other  respects,  is  being  carefully  sacked.  The  pump  will 
soon  be  here,  when  sinking  the  main  shaft  will  bo  re- 
sumed. 

Pontiac  and  Soitu  Bonanza.  —  The  Pontiac  and  South 
Bonanza  ledges  were  located  south  from  the  Richer  mine, 
by  some  Italian  boys,  a  short  time  ago,  and  has  been 
quietly  and  persistently  worked  on  since  its  discovery. 
Yesterday,  Al  Morgan  and  Charles  A.  Loose,  who  have 
been  working  the  case  up,  completed  a  bond  on  both 
mines,  with  the  privilege  of  commencing  work  upon  the 
property  at  once.  The  developments  made  tints  far,  have 
been  made  by  means  of  a  Bhaft  down  30  ft,  and  a  tunnel 
run  in  on  the  slope  of  the  mountain  to  connect  with  the 
shaft.  We  were  shown  an  average  of  assays  of  rock,  taken 
from  different  portions  of  the  mine,  which  shows  a  result 
of  S77  per  ton  in  gold  and  silver,  mostly  silver.  Work 
will  be  at  once  commenced  on  this  valuable  property,  and 
as  it  has,  thus  far,  produced  paying  ore  from  a  vein 
averaging  three  and  one-half  ft  in  width,  which  continues 
from  the  grass  roots,  we  consider  it  a  good  milling  propo- 
sition from  the  start.  The  discovery  of  the  ledge  will  go 
far  toward  reviving  confidence  in  the  value  of  south-end 


properties,  and  make  assunxl  the  theory  th.it  the  ore  chan- 
nel extending  through  Bodie  bluff,  Silver  hill  and  ijueen 
Bee  hill,  U  coutinuous  and  unbroken.  We  regard  the 
work  to  be  done  upon  this  mine  as  being  of  the  utmost 
importance  in  adding  strength  to  the  kindly  feeling  al- 
ready  exuting  toward  the  south  end,  and  look  for  most 
cheering  r.  i  it   locality.     The  rich  ore  found 

in    the  l«..  Uiiln-  TKUIH'il    v,.....'..       ;    ■        |.       '  I.  ■     rii-.| 

ougbl)  examine  eonUfnotu  pound,  end  the  result  will  be 
dlsooveiiefl  ol  more  and  valuable  ledges  still  further  smith. 
We  are  of  opinion  that  the  mineral  bell  extends  through 
tin'  whole  country  from  Aurora  In  Lake  district,  and  that, 

ere  another  year  has  passed,  Mono  county  will  have  as- 

inmed  ■  rank  sec 1  tu  do  other  mining  country  in  the 

world.    We  have  the  mines  and  will  soon  ban  nun  with 

[line;  to  Invest,  who  will make  the  aouthcru 

i  no  ol  thi  lous  ss  the  bunoua  Standard  and 

Bodlfl  BOW  .ire. 

Bullion  BniMiiim      Standard,  June  5:    Prom  the  1st 

i"  Hi.-  .lb  ..[  June  the  Standard  Con.  has  shipped  two  bars 
of  bullion,  through  Wells.  Fargo  &  Co.,  is  follows;  So. 
L82,  121, 1'.*-  ;:i:  Ro,  188, 120,701.67;  total,  $41,953.01  Bar 
l-  ths  shipment  of  the  Standard  Con.,  on  oc- 
oount  of  the  flseal  month  ol  May,  with  s  total  of  8114,- 
951. 8L  We  yestorday  mentioned  the  bhlpment  ol  Noonday 
bar  No,  3,  amounting  to  84,070.59.  The  total  shipments 
from  the  l«t  to  the  5th  ol  June  would,  then,  be  as  follows; 

Standard,  $41,963.91;  Noonday,  $4,070.69;  total,    840,033.- 

60.    Before  the  close  of  the  present  moutbi  we  expect  to 

see  the  ranks  of  the  bullion-shipping  mines  reoelvfl  a  lively 
recruit.  In  a  no  less  important  mine  than  the  Bodie. 

Ru>  CLOUD. — Running  a  crosscut  east  on  the  400  level 
to  cut  the  WestoheStet  ledge.  Have  made  110  ft  within 
the  week  passed,  and  the  character  of  rock  has  a  favorable 
look.  A  contract  has  been"  let  beginning  at  the  extreme 
south  end  of  tho  south  drift  of  the  'i.".0  level  in  the  Red 
Cloud.  Everything  about  the  mine  and  works  in  magnifi- 
cent condition. 

PLACER. 

[THIS  -ll'i-alit,  June  7:  We  learn  that  gravel  that 
pays  825  per  day  to  the  man  has  been  struck  iu  a  mine 
located  in  El  Dorado  canyon,  a  little  above  Sunny  South, 
in  which  our  friends  Ed.  Polifka  and  E.  L.  Dooley  are  in- 
terested. Who  the  other  owners  are  we  have  not  heard, 
though,  doubtless,  they  arc  parties  mostly  residing  iu 
that  locality.  Pending  particulars,  we  say,  bully  for  the 
boys.  We  were  shown  a  prospect  yesttrday,  from  one 
pan  of  dirt  taken  from  Stuart  ti  Low's  mine,  located  a 
mile  or  two  below  Auburn,  which  was  very  flattering,  in- 
deed, there  being  in  the  pan  not  less  than  S3  or  84.  Mr. 
J.  R.  Nickerson  brought  into  our  office  on  last  Wednes- 
day a  large  specimen  of  copper  ore  which  he  had  taken 
from  his  claim,  which  is  located  on  Bear  river,  near  the 
mouth  of  Wolf  creek,  Nevada  county.  This  specimen 
was  taken  from  four  ft  beneath  the  surface,  and  is  said  to 
contain  from  00',  to  802  of  pure  copper,  and  is  a  fair 
specimen  of  the  entire  ledge,  which  is  34  ft  wide.  Mr. 
N  ii.-kcr  -  .ii  has  been  laboring  under  adverse  circumstances 
in  the  opening  of  his  mine,  but  the  dark  shadows  that 
have  hitherto  clouded  his  future  are  giving  way,  and  a 
brighter  prospect  presents  itself.  He  feels  fully  confident 
witb  his  mine  thoroughly  developed  his  most  sanguine 
anticipations  will  be  realized. 

Ambkican  Rivkr  Mining,—  Mr.Xhapman,  superintend- 
ent  of  the  American   River  Dredging  and  Mining  Co.,  w 
making  active  preparations  for  commencing  the  season's 
operations.     Last  summer  was  spent  mostly  in    building 
the  boat    and  getting  the  machinery    in  place.    Some 
work  was  done  before  the  rains  swelled  the  river,  though 
not  enough,  hardly,  to  fairly  test  the  richness  of  the 
ground.     The  machinery  and    dredger,   we  understand, 
worked  most  admirably,  and  the  gravel  taken  up  from 
the  river  bed,  toward  the  last,  paid  unusually  well.     The 
very  last  run  made  last  fall,  some  $50  was  realized  in  a 
few  minutes.     With  these  encouraging  signs,  the  com- 
pany   enter  on   their  work  this  season  with    naturally 
bright  anticipations. 
-Dctcji   Flat  Itrms.  —  Forum,  June  5:    Last  week  the 
Southern   Cross  cleaned  up  between  85,000  and  $6,000. 
Paid  off    last  Monday.     The  claim  has  enough  ground 
broken  up  to  make  another  run,   which,  it  is  expected, 
will  pay  better  than  ever.    Tho  Polar  Star  has  commenced 
to  clean  up.     The  Franklin  mine,  under  the  superintend- 
ence of  E.  Miner,  is  pushing  forward  the  work  of  a  new 
drift,  and  will  burn  600  pounds  of  powder  as  soon  as  it  is 
completed.     The  mines  at  Gold  Run  are  all  running  on 
full  time  and   with  good  prospect.     The    Big   Bonanza, 
owned  by  the  Towle  Bros.,  J.  L.  Gould  and  Col.  J.  F. 
Moody,  work  25  to  SO  men  night  and  day,  and  are  using 
about  1,500  inches  of  water.     The  Cedar  claim  is  also 
running  on  full   time— about  15  men  are  employed  night 
and  day.     The  mine  prospects  well  and  good  results  are 
anticipated.     Work  on  the  El  Capitan  mine  has  been  pro- 
gressing favorably.     The  incline  is  down  42  ft,  and  water 
struck  which  will  delay  further  sinking  until  machinery 
can  be  erected.     In  the  meantime  tho  workingmen  will  be 
kept  busy  taking  out  ore.    Talbot's  blue  gravel  claim  at 
the  head  of  Gold  Flat  is  looking  well.     The  channel  has 
been  prospected  for  a  distance  of  200  ft  on  the  line,  and  is 
opened  up  for  about  000  ft.     The  Badger  Hill   company, 
near  Cherokee,  cleaned  up  a  few  days  since,  and  the  re- 
sult was  very  satisfactory.     The  Eureka  Lake  Con.  mine, 
at  Columbia  Hill,  made  a  good  clean-up  last  week.     The 
tunnel  of  the  Planet  gravel  mine  is  now  in  a  distance  of 
1770  ft.     Of  late  the  ground  has  been  harder  and  progress 
slower,  but  the  location  of  the  gravel  channel  is  known, 
and  it  will  be  reached  before  many  weeks.     Thomas  Ew- 
ving  has  been  appointed  superintendent  of  the  Murchie 
quartz  mine,  vice  M.  Garver,  resigned.    Tho  Pittsburg  is 
doing  finely  under  Captain  White's  superintendence.    The 
ore  bodies  are  enlarging  in  most  directions.     There  is 
also  a  decided  improvement  taking  place  in  the  grade  of 
the  ore.     In  the  Idaho  mine,  during  the  past  month  the 
drift  in  No.  11  level,  180  ft  below  the  10th  level,  has  been 
extended  15  ft,  making  the  distance  opened  on  the  level 
The  ledge  iB  strong  four  ft,  and  the  character  of 
the  rock  continues  to  improve  as  the  drift  goes  eastward. 
The  distance  yet  to  run  to  get  the  regular  pay  chute  that 
goes  down  from  the  10th  level  is  estimated  at  from  50  to 
60  ft.     When  this  point  is  reached  the  usual  high-grade 
rock  of  the  wonderful  pay  chute,  for  which  the  Idaho  has 
been  so  long  famous,  will  be  entered  upon.     On  the  10th 
level  the  drift  is  in  4S0  ft  east  of  tho  new  incline,  carry- 
ing a  four-ft  vein  of  good  pay  ore.     On  the  9th  level,  some 
distance  east  of  the  new  incline,  the  vein  has  been  cut 
out  by  a  horse,  but  it  is  expected  that  the  ledge  will  come 
in  again  any  day,  as  on  the  8th  level  the  ledge  holds  regu- 
larly at  a  point  further  east  than  tho  9th  |level  has  been 
driven.     The  air  shaft  that  is  being  sunk  and  raised  in  the 
eastern  part  of  the  mine,  lacks  but  202  ft  of  a  through 
connection  down  to  the  10th  level.  (The  Godfrey  mine 
produced  a  beautiful  bar  of  gold  worth  $1,150  from  last 
week's  ran.)  Scadden  Flat  now  has  50  men   on  its  pay 
roll,  and  besides  there  are  10  tributcrs  at  work.     A  clean- 
up on  Monday  of  a  nine  days'  run  of  the  mill  yielded  $2,- 
300,  besides  one  ton  of  sulphurets,  which  assay  $00  per 
ton.  j  Rocky  Bar  iB  working  30  men.     The  drift  has  been 
opened  about  100  ft  from  the  bottom  of  the  perpendicular 
shaft,  where  the  ledge  is  from  12  to  15  inches  in   width. 
The  ledge  is  producing  profitable  milling  ore,  the  last 
crushing  of  00  loads,  which  was  cleaned  up  yesterday, 
gave  $38  per  load.   \The  main  incline  of  New  York  Hill 
has  reached  a  depth  of  1,000  ft,  carrying  a  small  ledge, 
which  is  generally  of  a  high  grade  of  richness.     This  pay 
chute  is  not  wide,  but  it  produces  enough  to  carry  all  the 
expenses  of  the  mine,  and  give  an  occasional  dividend. 

TRINITY. 

Cinnabar  District.—  Journal,  Juno  7:  The  Altoona 
company  last  month  produced  520  flasks  of  quicksilver, 
but  owing  to  their  having  run  short  of  pan-iron,  the  pro- 
duction this  month  will  be  small.  The  iron  Is  now  in 
Reading,  and  will  be  at  the  mine  some  time  next  week, 
when  the  retorts  will  again  be  run  to  their  full  capacity. 


NEVADA. 


WASHOE  DISTRICT. 

Union  Con.— Gold  Hill  News,  June  11:  The  point  of 
interest  in  the  Union  now  is  the  south  drift  on  the  2300 
level  (2200  level  of  the  Sierra  Nevada),  which  has  been 
turned  to  the  west  and  ia  being  carried  toward  the  North 


1  Plrgfall  ■    I'nion)  shaft.     A  careful  calculation 

makes  the  distance  fur  this  cross  drift  to  run  to  reach  the 
desired  point  86  ft.  It  ta  also  estimated  that  tho  distance 
t..  the  east  edge  of  the  ore  vein  in  from  40  to  45  ft,  so  that, 
if  the  ledos  holds  its  cour»c,  ami  the  formation  i*  remark- 
ably regular,  no  OH  can  be  expected  to  be  encountered  in 
tin*  G*0Sf  drift.  From  it  an  upraise  to  meet  the  shaft  is 
t<>  be  made.  During  the  latter  part  of  this  week  -i  oham- 
ber  Is  to  bo  excavated  uii  the  ^tx»0  level,  joitil  with  Mexi- 
esDi  for  a  wtnae  down  to  the  2300  level.    The  north  and 

esst  dliftl  0D  the  8000  level  are  also  to  be  cleaned  out  and 
the  latter  will  he  pushed  on  toward  the  Union  shaft.  Tho 
north  drift  mii  this  level  la  now  415  ft  from  the  south  line, 
the  face  still  iu  hard,  blasting  porphyry  carrying  some 
water. 

Alta  The  east  crotweut  on  the  1350  level  is  making 
mod  progress  in  hvorablo-looklng  quarts,  it  a  Just  gat- 
ui,.'  into  Hi,'  I.  .i ■.'..:  (.roper  and  showing  some  *i*.ts  of  ore. 

The  north  drift,  L4S0  level,  Is  still  cutting  ball  its  width 
mi. 1  Lho  hanging  wall,  and  still  enoountenog  porphyry  on 
one  tide  and  quarts  on  the  other,  it  is  being  run  imrallel 
with  the  ledge.  The  north  drift  on  the  [660  (oval  is 
within  1  rery  few  ft  •.-(  the  Lady  Washington  line,  and  is 

partly  in  clay.  The  ledge  sccius  turning  across  tho  face  of 
the  drift,  and  it  is  showing  more  quarts  while  still  cutting 
a  mix  tun. ol  quarts,  dsy  snd   porphyry.    Or  the  1760 

level  the  imrth  and  south  drifts  are  being  extended,  and 

ire  in  respectively  85  nnd  75  ft.  The  starting  i>oint  of 
these  drifts  was  carried  east  by  the  station  on  the  1750 
level,  and  the  drifts  arc  now  being  turned  west  toward  the 
ledge.  When  the  clay  la  encountered  fhey  will  follow  it 
fur  bases  for  crOSSCUl  -. 

Ophib  Tin-  incline  hss  reached  a  point  85  ft  below  the 
2H00  station,  the  bottom  in  a  soft,  kindly-looking  vein 
formation.  Chutes  are  now  being  excavated  for  the  Bta- 
tlon,  which  work  Interferes  with  the  sinking.  The  east 
drift,  2800  level,  is  In  95  ft,  in  a  vein  formation  showing 
BOme  quarts.  South  drift,  2100  level,  is  passing  through 
low-grade  ore,  ita  face  150  ft  from  the  bottom  of  the  winze. 
The  north  drift  from  the  same  point  is  now  in  100  ft  in 
One  vein  material.  The  usual  repairs  are  going  on.  The 
ore  stopes  show  no  change.  The  clean-up  for  May  was 
shipped  lost  evening  and  amounted  to  £32,755.00;  total  for 
the  month,  0101,862.97, 

Con.  Virginia. — Usual  progress  is  being  mado  in  the 
Joint  California  west  drift,  850  level,  the  face  in  hard, 
blasting  porphyry,  272  ft  from  its  starting  point.  On  the 
1500  level  the  south  drift  west  of  tho  stopes  is  00  ft  In  a 
favorable-looking  vein  formation,  carrying  Btreaks  of 
quartz.  The  main  lateral  drift  to  the  Gould  fa  Curry  shaft  , 
has  been  enlarged  and  retimbored.  Tho  joint  crosscut 
1860  level,  is  in  a  favorable  vein  formation.  The  south, 
drift,  2150  level,  is  still  passing  through  streaks  of  quartz 
and  clay;  total  length,  147  ft. 

California.  —  The  joint  workings  with  Con.  Virginia  on 
the  850  and  1850  levels  are  making  usual  progress,  and  are 
without  particular  changes  of  formation.  Work  iu  the 
bottom  of  the  C  &  C  shaft  has  been  resumed.  The  flow  of 
water  is  still  heavy.  The  connection  with  the  Ophir,  1750 
level,  is  also  receiving  attention.  The  clean-up  of  bullion 
for  the  month  of  May  will  be  shipped  to-night.  The  total 
will  not  be  far  from  $230,000. 

Gould  &  Cl'RRV.—  Saturday  work  in  the  face  of  the 
cast  joint  crosscut,  1700  level,  will  be  resumed. 

Mexican.— The  connection  between  the  joint  Union 
winze  from  the  1000  level  and  the  upraise  from  the  2000 
level  to  meet  it,  has  greatly  improved  ventilation  on  both 
levels.  Some  time  this  week  yet  a  chamber  will  be  exca- 
vated on  the  Union  line,  from  which  to  carry  a  large  winze 
down  to  the  2300  level.  A  joint  Ophir  winze  is  to  be  soon 
started  from  the  2100  level  to  be  carried  down  to  the  2300 
level. 

Savage.— Rctimbering  the  incline  is  completed.  Put- 
ting in  the  drain  to  the  Sutro  tunnel  connection.  The 
pumps  and  pump  column  of  the  perpendicular  shaft  and 
the  incline  above  the  1040  level  will  all  be  raised  to  the 
surface  this  week. 

Jostice.  —On  the  1500  level  the  main  drift  south  and  the 
west  crosscut  are  both  in  a  strong  formation  of  mineral- 
ized vein  material. 

Sierra  Nevada.— The  incline  is  making  slow  progress 
below  the  241)0  level,  and  some  10  or  12  ft  still  remain  to 
complete  the  sump.  The  flow  of  water  continues  at  about 
145,000  gallons  per  day.  This,  however,  is  readily 
handled.    The  breasts  continue  to  look  and  yield  well. 

Julia  Con.— Repairs  to  the  south  drift,  2000  level,  have 
passed  the  hottest  point  and  are  making  better  progress. 
New  pipes  for  compressed  air  are  being  placed  in  the 
shaft. 

Con.  Imperial.  —  The  north  drift,  2600  level,  is  now  111 
310  ft,  and  without  change  of  material.  The  south  drift, 
same  level,  toward  Crown  Point,  is  making  good  progress. 
The  winze  joint  with  Alpha  is  now  320  ft  below  the  2400 
level,  its  bottom  in  quartz  and  porphyry. 
Utah.  —Repairs  to  shaft  are  about  completed. 
Bullion.— The  winze  engine  is  up  and  running,  and 
sinking  in  the  winze  from  the  2150  level  is  going  on  again. 
It  is  being  sunk  the  whole  size  of  the  incline  to  give  a 
chance  for  air  and  work.  The  engine  has  two  reels  and  is 
counterbalanced.  The  winze  will  be  pushed  with  vigor 
to  the  2400  level  of  the  Con.  Imperial. 

Yellow  Jacket.— The  shaft  has  now  reached  the  2600 
level.  Good  progress  is  being  made  in  connecting  the 
shaft  on  the  2500  level  with  the  old  workings  east  from 
the  bottom  of  the  north  winze.  There  now  remain  less 
than  200  ft  to  run. 

Silver  HiLL.—Taking  out  a  few  tons  of  low-grade  ore 
daily  from  the  surface  workings. 

Belchkr.— Good  progress  is  being  made  sinking  the 
main  incline,  and  it  is  now  63  ft  below  the  2700  level. 
On  the  2560  level  the  south  crosscut  ia  in  SO  feet,  and  ad- 
vancing at  a  very  good  rate,  with  its  face  in  promising 
quartz  and  porphyry. 

Sierra  Nevada-Mexican-Union  Con.  SnAFT.— Sinking 
below  the  1800  level  is  going  steadily  on  as  the  shaft  ia 
being  prepared  for  future  efneient  use,  It  will  take  Bome 
10  days  yet  to  get  the  bins  and  chutes  all  ready  for  the 
use  of  the  skips. 

Crown  Point.—  The  station,  2700  level,  has  been  com- 
pleted and  connection  is  now  to  be  made  with  the  Belcher 
on  2760  level— a  corresponding  level.  The  north  drift, 
2500  level,  is  in  soft  porphyry  and  being  continued  along 

the  ledge.  ■ 

Exciifquer.— The  north  drift,  2400  level,  is  making  the 
usual  progress;  total  length,  427  ft. 

Best  &  Belcher.— Work  in  the  joint  east  crosscut,  1700 
level  will  be  resumed  Saturday.  The  Osbiston  shaft  is  10 
ft  below  the  000  level.  The  flow  of  water  is  very  heavy, 
keeping  the  pumps  and  bailing  tank  running. 

Ciiollar-Norciioss-Savaqe  Shaft.— Waiting  the  com- 
pletion of  the  Sutro  tunnel  sub-drain.    Ready  for  work. 

PARADISE  DISTRICT. 

Bullion.—  Silver  State,  June  7:  E.  P.  Torrey  brought 
down  from  Paradise  yesterday,  bullion  valued  at  §1,500. 
It  was  the  product  of  ore  from  the  Bullion  mine,  worked 
at  the  Sedan  mill.  "Eb"  says  he  will  bet  on  turning  out 
$1  000  in  bullion  dailv  from  Big  Prize  ore  during  the 
month  of  July,  with  his  five-stamp  mill,  and  he  always 
bets  to  win.  .  ,         .  , 

The  New  Paradise  Mines.— Charles  Siskron  informs  us 
that  the  mines  recently  discovered  on  the  west  side  of 
Paradise  valley  are  creating  considerable  excitement. 
These  mines  are  situated  about  10  miles  west  of  Sprint' 
City  One  of  the  claims,  called  the  Solid  Silver,  bids  fair 
to  be  all  that  its  name  indicates.  At  a  depth  of  25  ft 
from  the  surface,  the  greatest  depth  attained  on  the  ledge 
the  ore  is  surprisingly  rich  in  native  silver,  and  the  lead 
is  large  and  well  defined.  Other  rich  ledges  have  also 
been  discovered  near  the  Solid  Silver,  and  the  prospects 
for  a  rich  mining  camp  are  very  encouraging.  We  Baw 
some  rich  specimens  of  fine  milling  ore  taken  from  the 
Scott  Ellivrcet  and  other  miucs  in  Silver  State  district. 
The  ore  is  the  best  we  have  seen  from  any  outside  district 
for  some  time.  The  owners  of  the  mines  say  that  they 
have  a  ledge  of  10  feet  in  width  of  the  same  class  of  ore, 
and  have  great  faith  in  their  property  as  well  as  in  the 
district,  which  is  Bituated  about  40  miles  from  Paradise 
district,  on  the  same  range  of  mountains.  The  gentle- 
men who  showed  us  the  ore  think  that  when  the  mines 


Continued  on  page  38& 


382 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS 


tJune  14,  1879, 


The  Telluride  Ores  of  Gold. 

[Thesis  by  Russell  L.  Dunn,  College  of  Mines,  University 
of  California.  | 

It  ia  only  within  the  last  decade  that  the 
telluride  ores  of  gold  have  become  of  metallur- 
gical importance.  Before  this  period  they  were 
rare  mineralogical  curiosities  only  found  in  very 
small  quantities,  and  in  two  or  three  widely 
separated  localities.  Transylvania  was  the 
principal  source,  though  on  the  Siberian  flank 
of  the  Altai  mountains  and  in  the  States  of  Vir- 
ginia, North  Carolina  and  Georgia  some  species 
were  found.  Their  discovery  first  in  California 
and  later  the  more  important  one  in  Colorado, 
has  given  them  a  new  importance,  and  has  di- 
rected the  attention  of  the  metallurgist  to  them. 

So  recently  have  they  become  of  economic 
importance,  and  so  difficult  are  they  of  reduc- 
tion, that  their  beneficiation  can  scarcely  be 
said  to  have  passed  the  experimental  stage.  For 
these  reasons,  and  because  of  their  occurring  in 
only  a  few  localities  where  they  can  be  worked 
as  an  ore,  there  is  very  little  published  about 
them.  Again,  all  this  is  scattered  throughout 
the  whole  range  of  mining  literature,  principally 
periodical,  of  the  last  six  or  eight  years.  In  re- 
gard to  the  geological  occurrence  and  mineralogy 
of  these  ores  more  complete  investigation  has 
been  made,  but  the  results  are  not  perfectly 
satisfactory  and  are  often  contradictory. 

In  discussing  these  ores  the  first  point  to  be 
considered  is  their 
Geological  Occurrence  and  Distribution. 

In  California  the  only  localities  where  they 
are  found  thus  far  in  workable  quantities  are  in 
Tuolumne  and  Calaveras  counties.  In  both  in 
the  great  jura-trias  slate  belt  on  the  mother  lode 
or  its  feeders.  *In  Tuolumne  county  the  pre- 
dominating formations  are  argillaceous  and  sili- 
cious  rather  than  talcose.  Serpentine  is  one 
form  of  the  metamorphism  and  is  found  in  large 
masses.  Besides  the  slates  there  are  sandstones 
belonging  to  the  same  series  in  various  stages  of 
alteration,  in  some  places  so  much  so  as  to  re- 
semble true  eruptive  rocks,  porphyritic  and 
trappean.  Highly  altered  limestones  are  also 
found  in  this  series.  In  Calaveras  county  the 
general  geological  characteristics  of  the  slate 
belt  are  about  the  same  as  in  Tuolumne,  except 
that  a  talcose  formation  occurs  more  frequently. 
Also  it  carries  a  greater  variety  of  valuable 
minerals  and  ores.  The  belt  runs  through  the 
west  central  portion  of  both  counties,  and  is 
bounded  on  the  east  side  by  granite  which  forms 
the  principal  mass  of  the  Sierras. 

The  great  mother  lode  of  California  with  its 
feeders  and  parallel  ledges  crossed  these  two 
counties  iu  the  slate  belt.  On  this  lode  and  on 
parallel  ledges  at  several  points  telluride  ores 
have  been  found.  Their  range  is,  however, 
rather  restricted;  in  Tuolumne  county,  in  the 
Green,  Raw  Hide  and  Golden  Rule  mines,  near 
the  northern  boundary,  and  in  Calaveras  in 
several  mines  about  Carson  Hill,  near  Robin- 
son's ferry,  in  the  southern  part  of  the  county. 
These  localities  mentioned  are  not  more  than  20 
miles  apart.  All  of  the  mines  were  opened  as 
free*gold  mines,  and  as  such  have]  furnished, 
more  particularly  those  about  Carson  Hill,  some 
remarkably  tine  specimens  of  native  gold  in  situ. 
It  was  not  until  they  had  been  worked  to  some 
depth  that  telluride  minerals  were  found. 

The  predominating  rock  of  the  region  in  Kern 
county  where  these  ores  are  reported  to  have 
been  found  recently  is  granite,  though  small 
quantities  of  highly  metatnorphic  slates  and 
sandstones  are  found  in  patches.  Discoveries 
are  reported  by  the  local  papers  in  San  Luis 
Obispo  county,  but  particulars  are  not  given. 

In  Colorado  these  ores  are  found  in  what  is 
called  the  telluride  belt.  It  is  situated  in  the 
northern  part  of  the  State,  and  lies  principally 
in  Boulder  county.  It  is  about  20  miles  long  by 
from  3  to  4  wide,  and  extends  from  a  point  20 
miles  southeast  of  Long's  peak  southwest  into 
the  northern  part  of  Gilpin  county.  This  re- 
gion does  not  comprise  all  the  localities  in  Colo- 
rado where  telluride  minerals  are  found,  but  is 
by  far  the  most  important,  and  the  others  may 
therefore  be  disposed  of  without  detailed  dis- 
cussion. They  all  have  some  similar  features, 
and  align  with  each  other  almost  across  the  en- 
tire width  of  the  State.  A  peculiar  blue  gran- 
ite characteristic  of  the  Boulder  county  telluret 
region  has  been  generally  observed  in  all  of 
these  places. 

The  telluride  region  of  Boulder  county  t  is 
in  the  mountains  on  their  eastern  slope  at  an 
elevation  of  about  8,000  feet  above  the  sea  level. 
"The  rocks  of  the  mountains  as  a  whole  may  be 
considered  as  composed  of  a  great  series  of 
metamorphic  rocks  of  pre-silurian  or  archaaan 
age.  Quartzites,  silicious,  micaceous,  some 
hornblendic  and  garnetiferous  schists,  gneisses 
and  granites  all  occur;  the  gneiss,  with  possibly 
granite  predominating.  The  granite,  though 
presenting  the  appearance  of  eruptive  granite, 
was  probably  formed  in  situ.  The  metamor- 
phism is  extreme  and  was  probably  accompanied 
by  a  great  softening  of  the  rock,  thus  permit- 
ting of  molecular  rearrangement,  so  that  it  has 
now  no  trace  of  sedimentary  origin.  The  same 
granite  mass  approached  from  opposite  sides 
might  convey  entirely  different  impressions  as  to 
its  origin;  on  one  side  metamorphic  and  in- 
digenous; on  the  other,  eruptive  or  exotic.  The 
schists  and  granites  are  pieroed  at  many  points 

"Geological  Survey  of  California.  Tuolumne  and  Cala- 
veras counties. 

t  Marvin,  in  U.  S.  Geo.  Survey  of  the  Rocky  Mountains. 
1878,  p.  6S5.  *  ' 


by  dikes  of  felsite  porphyry,  often  differing  in 
character  in  the  different  dikes.  Besides  these 
dikes,  the  porphyry  seems  to  have  been  forced 
out  from  the  interior  and  forms  rounded  hills. 
The  age  of  the  porphyry  is  yet  Undetermined, 
but  it  is  probably  more  recent  than  that  of  the 
triassic  strata  which  flank  the  base  of  the  moun- 
tains. " 

A  careful  study  of  the  mineral  veins*  lying  in 
this  belt  shows  the  existence  of  at  least  three 
sets  of  different  ages: 

1.  Silver  bearing;  very  prominent  in  the  dis- 
trict immediately  north  of  the  town  of  Caribou. 

2.  Free  gold  bearing  veins  or  veins  carrying 
no  tellurides. 

3.  Veins  carrying  free  gold  and  telluretted 
minerals. 

The  veins  of  these  different  sets  cross  each 
other  at  every  conceivable  angle, .  and  in  some 
places  they  are  so  numerous  as  to  completely  cut 
up  the  country  rock.  All  of  the  veins  carrying 
tellurides,  seem,  from  their  mineralogical  con- 
stitution and  other  considerations,  to  be  un 
doubtedly  of  the  same  age,  and  the  peculiar  situ- 
ation of  a  few  of  them  may  throw  some  light  on 
and  possibly  fix  their  geological  age. 

The  cross-section  of  the  Red  Cloud  and  Cold 
Spring  veins  will  illustrate  this  peculiarity  of 
situation.  The  veins  are  contact  veins,  be- 
tween a  porphyry  dike  and  gneissic  granite; 
the  dike  forming  the  footwall  of  one  vein,  and 
the  hanging  wall  of  the  other.  +On  the  side  of 
the  dike,  the  walls  are  clearly  defined,  but  are 
indefinite  and  blend  with  the  granitic  materials 
on  the  sides  adjacent  to  the  country  rock. 

It  seems  probable  from  several  indications 
that  the  intrusion  of  the  porphyritio  dike  oc- 
curred subsequent  to  the  filling  of  the  vein  and 
deposition  of  the  telluride  minerals  and  gold. 
The  veins  on  each  side  of  the  dike  similar  in  all 
essential  points  as  regards  mineralization,  is 
unique  and  hardly  possible  on  any  other  sup- 
position than  that  they  were  deposited  at  the 
same  time.  Did  the  dike  come  in  first,  it  would 
be  essential  almost  that  they  should  be  de- 
posited at  different  periods.  The  vein  matter 
is  considerably  altered  immediately  adjacent  to 
the  dike;  the  quartz  is  darkened  and  hardened, 
becoming  chalcedonic  or  hornstone.  But  a 
comparatively  small  quantity  of  mineral  is  found 
in  this  portion  of  the  vein,  pyrite  in  small  bril- 
liant highly  modified  crystals  being  the  principal 
one.  The  telluride  minerals  show  a  strong 
tendency  to  cling  to  the  country-rock  wall,  and 
even  find  lodgment  in  the  granite  outside.  No 
vein  minerals  except  pyrite  are  found  in  the 
body  of  the  dike.  An  examination  of  the  ore 
with  the  microscope  shows  the  existence  of 
minute  shot  of  gold  and  even  silver  (?),  some- 
times the  former  is  found  in  nuggets  of  consider- 
able sizes  not  yet  wholly  reduced  from  its  com- 
bination with  tellurium.  All  of  the  above  go 
to  show  the  existence  of  a  long-continued  high 
heat  from  the  dike  side  of  the  vein.  This  heat 
could  not,  however,  have  been  sufficient  to  fuse 
gold,  and  was  probably  lower  than  the  melting 
temperature  of  lead.  The  metallic  gold  could 
have  been  reduced  to  the  form  in  which  it  ia 
found  in  the  veins,  from  its  telluride  combina- 
tions at  the  latter  temperature. 

A  consideration  of  these  facts  shows  that  the 
two  present  veins  were  probably  deposited  as 
one,  at  a  period  preceding  the  eruption  of  the 
porphyry.  Other  contact  veins  between  por- 
phyry and  other  rocks  show  similar  features. 

European  Telluride  Deposits. 

In  Transylvania  the  tellurium  deposits  are 
accompanied  by  igneous  rocks  of  a  more  recent 
period  than  the  eocene  sandstones  of  that 
locality.  In  Offenbanya  they  occur  under  very 
peculiar  circumstances.  They  are  found  in  veins 
in  igneous  rocks,  and  in  segregated  masses  in 
granular  limestone.  Van  Cotta,  in  his  treaties 
on  Ore  Deposits;  page  277,  abstract,  says  :  '  'The 
gold  lodes  appear  dependent  on  trachytio  or 
feldspathic,  quartzose  igeneous  rocks  (timazite, 
i.  e.y  propolyte),  or  to  have  been  caused  by  their 
breaking  out.  The  veins  traverse,  however, 
clay-slates  and  eocene  sandstones,  in  the 
neighborhood;  from  which  circumstances,  as 
well  as  from  the  tertiary  age  of  the  trachytic 
rocks,  it  is  very  evident  that  they  are  more 
recent  than  the  eocene." 

No  propolyte  has  been  found  in  the  Colorado 
telluride  region  [Marvin],  nor  so  far  as  I  am 
aware  in  the  California  localities. 

Vein  Formation,  Etc. 

In  California  the  same  lode,  or  system  of 
lodes,  carries  tellurides  at  one  point,  while  not 
a  trace  of  their  presence  can  be  found  at  others. 
They  seem  here  to  come  in  chimneys  or  ore 
chutes.  The  wall  rocks  and  gangues  are  similar 
to  those  of  other  gold-bearing  veins  in  the  same 
locality.  The  formation  consists  of  argillaceous, 
talcose  and  chloritic  slates;  the  gangue  of  a 
pure  white  quartz.  In  Colorado  we  do  not  find 
such  a  coincidence  in  general  features  between 
the  two  corresponding  classes  of  veins,  nor  do 
the  telluride  mineral  veins  of  that  State  resemble 
those  of  California.  The  gangue  is  not  a  pure 
quartz,  but  is  a  harder  and  tougher  rock,  and 
fewer  species  and  a  less  quantity  of  the  common 
associated  minerals  are  found  than  in  the  other 
class  of  gold-bearing  veins  of  the  same  district. 
The  thickness  of  the  veins  varies  from  a  few 
inches  to  six  or  eight  feet,  but  the  rich  tellurium 
ores   occur    in    comparatively    narrow    seams. 

*To  avoid  repetition  of  references,  I  will  state  here  that 
the  facts  for  this  geological  discussion  are  principally 
taken  from  the  "Mining  Notes  and  Staff  Correspondence" 
of  the  Engineering  and  Mining  Journal,  Vols.  23  and  24; 
"United  States  Geological  Survey  of  Colorado,"  1873,  pp. 
685,  690;  Bowman  in  "Raymond's  Report,"  1875;  and 
"Geological  Survey  of  California." 

tSilliman  in  "United  States  Geological  Survey  of  Colo- 
rado," 1873,  p.  633;  alio  Marvin,  p.  686. 


These  seams  are  not  equally  rich  throughout 
their  whole  extent,  in  some  places  completely 
pinching  out,  in  others  forming  extraordinary 
rich  pockets  and  chimneys.  Besides  these  rich 
seams  the  mineral  is  more  or  less  disseminated 
through  the  entire  body  of  the  vein,  so  that  the 
only  trace  of  its  presence  is  a  dark  stain  in  the 
cjuartz. 

Peculiarities  in  the  condition  of  the  mineral 
in  different  veins  are  often  noticed,  but  have 
been  little  studied.  In  some  cases  high  crystal- 
lization predominates,  in  others  is  almost  wholly 
absent.  A  peculiarity  has  been  observed  com- 
parable to  the  "rusty"  condition  of  gold.  The 
general  character  of  the  ores,  as  we  go  down  on 
the  veins,  does  not  materially  differ  from  that 
mined  above,  except  that  there  is  a  greater  pro- 
portion of  free  gold  near  the  surface  and  more 
pyrites  further  down. 

Conclusions. 

A  consideration  of  the  preceding  shows  no 
peculiar  geological  relations,  differing  from  those 
connected  with  the  ordinary  gold  quartz  forma- 
tions, to  guide  in  the  search  for  new  telluride 
districts.  As  a  matter  of  fact  the  chances  are 
decidedly  against  finding  new  districts  by  search- 
ing for  them.  In  the  first  place  the  ores  are 
rare.  Again  the  veins  in  which  they  occur  have 
no  distinctive  outcrop  or  float,  by  which  the 
prospector  can  identify  them. 

The  most  extreme  results  of  metamorphic 
action  are  observable  wherever  these  minerals 
are  found  in  sufficient  quantity  to  constitute  an 
ore.  The  deposits  in  Colorado  would  seem  to 
be  the  oldest.  They  are  found  in  the  oldest 
known  series  of  rocks,  the  archsean,  and  could 
hardly  have  been  formed  subsequent  to  the 
triassic.  In  California  the  formation  is  Jurassic, 
or,  as  it  is  better  considered,  jura-trias,  and  the 
veins  cretaceous  [Clarence  King]. 

It  may  be  observed  that  the  tellurium-bearing 
veins,  though  they  are  distinctive  of  the  district 
in  which  they  occur,  do  not  predominate;  in- 
variably they  are  accompanied  by  other  metal- 
liferous veins  or  deposits  in  which  no  trace  of 
tellurium  can  be  found.  Free-gold  veins  always 
accompany  them,  also,  as  in  Colorado  and 
Siberia,  silver-bearing  ledges  may. 

It  is  probable  that  workable  deposits  of 
telluret  minerals  will  yet  be  found  in  Colorado 
on  the  western  slope  of  the  Rocky  mountains 
between  the  South  Park  and  the  New  Mexico 
line,  in  the  southeastern  part  of  Utah  among 
the  spurs  of  the  Wasatch  mountains,  and  in 
California  in  the  northeastern  part  of  Kern 
county. 

[To  bo  Continued.] 


Eastern  Investors. — Speaking  of  the  inter- 
est taken  in  mining  matters  in  the  East,  the 
New  York  Stockholder  says:  Until  lately  gold 
and  silver  mining  has  been  left  to  the  adven- 
turers who  thronged  first  to  the  Pacific  States, 
and  later  to  newer  regions  of  Colorado,  Utah, 
Wyoming,  etc.  The  money  of  Eastern  capi- 
talists formerly  was  adequately  employed  in 
railroad  building,  invested  in  bonds  of  railways, 
Government  bonds  and  other  securities,  which, 
for  the  time,  yielded  satisfactory  returns.  Of 
late  years,  so  many  railroads  have  failed  to  pay 
interest  on  their  bonds,  that  investment  in  them 
has  been  discouraged.  Government  bonds  no 
longer  pay  more  than  four  per  cent,  per  annum. 
This  low  rate  of  interest  has  led  many  of  our 
solid  and  judicious  capitalists  to  give  attention 
to  mining  enterprises  as  a  source  of  large  reve- 
nue. Within  this  year,  particularly,  great 
numbers  of  investors  of  the  richer  sort  have 
purchased  interests  iu  mines.  We  hear  daily 
of  our  leading  capitalists  buying  shares  in  new 
mines.  Millions  of  dollars  are  going  into  that 
channel  of  investment,  as  is  illustrated  in  the 
case  of  the  Horn  Silver  mine,  in  Utah. 


The  South  African  Cable. — The  telegraphic 
cable  to  connect  the  European  and  Asiatic  tele- 
graphic systems  with  Cape  of  Good  Hope  will 
be  4,000  miles  long,  extending  from  the  Ked 
Sea  cable,  at  Aden,  around  Cape  Guardafui  and 
along  the  east  coast  of  Africa  to  Port  Natal, 
where  it  will  make  a  junction  with  the  present 
land  line  to  Cape  Town.  The  cable  will  be  laid 
along  the  coast,  the  depth  being  moderate  along 
that  side  of  the  continent,  and  the  facility  for 
repairing  possible  breakages  has  been  carefully 
ascertained.  The  cable  will  touch  at  Zanzibar, 
Mozambique,  Sofala,  Delagoa  Bay,  and  thence 
to  Durban  as  the  submarine  terminus,  from 
which  point  the  land  telegraph  becomes  avail- 
able to  complete  the  circuit  to  Cape  Town. 
The  cost  of  constructing  and  laying  the  cable  is 
estimated  at  $7,500,000.  The  line  from  Durban 
to  Zanzibar  is  to  be  finished  in  July,  and  the 
whole  cable  by  the  middle  of  November. 


An  Aerolite. — The  Eureka  Leader  says  that 
Mr.  James  Marsh,  of  Huntington  valley,  brought 
from  that  section  a  specimen  of  a  meteor  which 
fell  to  the  earth  recently.  He  stated  that  the 
falling,  which  took  place  early  in  the  evening, 
was  accompanied  by  a  sound  as  loud  as  the  re- 
port of  a  cannon.  Parties  on  the  ranch,  in 
company  with  Mr.  Marsh,  searched  for,  found 
and  dug  it  out,  the  piece  weighing  in  the  neigh- 
borhood of  400  pounds.  It  is  a  hard,  dark- 
colored  substance,  and  when  scraped  with  ■  a 
knife  reveals  a  bright  lead-colored  interior,  but 
much  harder  than  lead.  The  surface  is  indented 
with  concrete  rings,  evidently  graven  by  its 
rapid  whirling  motion. 

Looking  Up.— The  prospects  of  Bristol,  a  min- 
ing town  in  eastern  Nevada,  appear  to  be 
brightening — a  faro  game  has  recently  been 
opened  there. 


Leadville  as  It  Is. 

The  acme  of  business  prosperity  in  Leadville 
was  reached  about  six  weeks  ago.  Then  mer- 
chants had  all  they  could  do,  restaurants  were 
crowded,  hotels  overflowed,  every  chair  in  the 
saloons  pre-empted,  theaters  attended  by  drowsy* 
sleepers,  because  beds  were  not  to  be  had  for1 
coin,  lumber  fresh  from  the  log  $55  per  thousand, 
freight  from  Webster  (the  end  of  the  Denver" 
and  South  Park  railroad  track)  five  cents  pef 
pound,  the  stages  arrived  full  of  passengers 
every  night  and  the  army  of  weary  pilgrims 
a-foot  came  like  a  cloud  of  locusts  from  the  East; 
real  estate  way  up-^naked  lots  on  the  principal 
business  streets  selling  for  $10,000  each.  All 
this  was  six  weeks  ago.  There  has  come  a 
change.  M  erchants  are  skirmishing  for  business 
and  many  declare  they  are  not  paying  expenses; 
restaurants  are  going  behind.  One  of  the  prin- 
cipal restaurant  proprietors  told  me  his  receipts 
had  fallen  from  $400  to  $75  per  day;  his  rent  is 
$300  per  month  and  he  must  inevitably  close  his 
business.  The  hotels  now  have  ample  room  for 
all  their  guests;  the  saloons  are  not  overrun  with 
custom;  the  theaters  are  nut  patronized  as  they 
were  ;  lumber  has  dropped  from  $55  to  $17  per 
thousand,  and  freight  from  the  end  of  the  track 
has  fallen  to  two  cents  per  pound.  The  coming 
crowd  has  lessened,  while  the  departures  have 
increased.  Fifty-five  dollars  per  thousand  for 
lumber  induced  the  erection  of  40  saw-mills ; 
high  prices  for  goods  brought  in  hundreds  of 
merchants ;  while  five  cents  per  pound  for 
freight  mentioned  in  Kansas  and  Missouri  was 
of  itself  sufficient  to  send  every  available  quad- 
ruped in  those  States  to  the  front  to  haul  for 
Leadville.  So  everything  has  been  overdone. 
Real  estate  now  has  no  fixed  price,  and  lucky  is 
the  poor  fellow  who  can  get  30%  of  what  he 
considered)  his  property  was  well  worth  two 
months  ago.  The  whole  trouble  is,  that  20,000 
people  have  gone  in  to  do  a  business  that  cannot 
legitimately  afford  a  support  for  over  4,000  souls 
at  the  outside.  The  sanitary  condition  of  Lead- 
ville is  not  what  its  admirers  could  wish,  nor 
do  the  local  press  give  the  truth  in  this  respect. 
Pneumonia  is  the  most  prevalent  and  fatal  dis- 
ease, and  the  death  rate  is  from  five  to  eight 
daily — or,  say,  42  per  week,  just  one-half  that 
of  San  Francisco,  with  its  population  of  300,000 
souls.  The  cemetery  of  Leadville,  in  use  but 
little  over  a  year,  speaks  in  tones  more  melan- 
choly than  wordsr — Cor.  Salt  Lake  Tribune. 

The  San  Pedro. 

The  valley  of  the  little  river  which  is  named 
the  San  Pedro,  presents  the  possibilities  for  a 
very  influential  position  in  the  future  of  Arizona. 
Territory.  It  is  expected,  of  course,  that  the> 
mining  interests  of  this  country  will  be  fore- 
most. The  people  of  capital,  and  their  myriad 
employees,  will  pay  attention  to  that  alone;  and 
whoever  allows  himself  to  stop  and  plod  away 
on  a  ranch,  may  in  time  come  to  be  looked 
upon  as  a  curious  specimen  of  man  among  those 
who  only  think  of  "lodes,"  and  "walls"  and 
"pay  streaks,"  etc.  But  there  will  be  a  few 
who  will  still  think  it  worth  while  to  depend 
upon  Mother  Earth.  Properly  managed,  the 
San  Pedro  valley  will  furnish  homes  to  many  a 
thrifty  family.  The  Southern  Pacific  railroad 
will  cross  it  fr.om  east  to  west,  and  it  is  obvious 
that  there  must  be  a  thriving  town  close  by, 
whence  will  be  taken  supplies  for  Tombstone 
and  other  mining  districts  which  may  rise  into 
successful  life  in  the  near  future.  The  Whet- 
stones, the  Dragoons,  where  some  good  pros- 
pects are  reported,  the  eastern  spurs  of  the  Cat- 
arinas,  and  all  the  regions  to  the  southward 
would  be  tributary  to  a  town  located  in  or  near 
the  San  Pedro.  The  valley  is  broad  and  rich; 
its  length  is  fully  a  hundred  and  fifty  miles; 
and  the  stream  has  a  peculiarity  unusual  in  that 
locality — it  never  runs  dry.  From  the  mesa 
bench  on  each  side,  to  the  valley  proper  below, 
there  is  a  sharp  descent,  the  banks  having,  on  a 
small  scale,  the  canyoned  appearance  of  the  Col- 
orado and  other  remarkable  streams.  There 
are  numerous  points  where  the  valley  is  actually 
walled,  and  where  the  floods  of  the  rainy  season 
might  easily  be  stored  for  use  in  the  event  of 
scarcity,  in  which  respect  it  has  greatly  the  ad- 
vantage of  the  Santa  Cruz,  Salt  River  and  Gila. 
Probably  the  San  Pedro  would  have  been  far  in, 
advance  of  where  it  is  to-day,  but  for  two- 
things:  Tucson  has  always  had  the  advantage 
of  being  nearer,  and  of  more  easy  access  to  So- 
nora;  and  the  San  Pedro  has  been  the  very 
stronghold  of  that  strange  and  violent  system  of 
belief  known  in  modern  parlance,  as  Apache- 
ism. — Arizona  Citizen. 


A  Curious  Cave.— Some  time  since  N.  Bell, 
of  Pinos  Altos,  while  out  hunting  near  the  Mo- 
gollon  mountains,  came  upon  a  large  cave 
which,  upon  examination,  was  found  to  con- 
tain carved  stone  images,  and  various  other  ar- 
ticles of  human  workmanship.  The  cave  is  of 
natural  formation,  being  about  100  feet  in  length 
by  20  feet  wide  and  7  feet  high.  The  walls 
are  elaborately  ornamented  with  grotesque  fig- 
ures, wrought  in  colors  the  brilliancy  of  which 
is  still  well  preserved.  Mr.  Bell  had  no  time 
to  make  a  thorough  examination,  but  satisfied 
himself  with  bringing  away  such  of  the  images, 
etc. ,  as  he  could  conveniently  carry,  purposing 
to  return  at  an  early  day  and  complete  his  ex- 
amination. One  of  the  images,  measured 
about  two  feet  in  leDgth  and  weighed  nearly  401 
pounds. 


June  14,  1879.  "| 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


383 


More  Mills  Wantei 

One  had  rather  see  too  few  milla  in  a  district 
than  too  many,  aa  nothing  looks  worse  in  a 
camp  than  idle  quartz  mills.  But  it  is  obvious 
that  Bodie  is  now  in  downright  need  of  greater 
milling  facilities.  It  will  probably  bo  a  some- 
what suprising  statement  to  strangers  that  with 
their  record  as  a  bullion-producing  camp,  they 
have  never  had  more  than  54  stamps  in  the  dis- 
trict—20  at  the  Standard,  20  at  the  Syndicate, 
10  at  the  Bodie,  and  4  at  the  Miners.  Hereto- 
fore the  three  last  named  have  been  run  as 
custom  mills,  the  Bodie  mill  at  present  running 
on  Bulwer  ore,  aud  the  Syndicate  working  for 
various  companies.  The  Miners  mill  has  an  en- 
gagement for  an  indefinite  period  on  Noonday 
ore. 

Kecent  developments,  however,  and  the  grad- 
ual growth  of  the  district,  have  created  a  great 
change  in  the  milling  requirements.  The  new 
discovery  in  the  Bodie  mine  creates  an  imperi- 
ous demand  for  the  use  of  a  mill  by  that  com- 
pany. If  they  take  their  own  mill  the  Bulwer 
people  will  be  compelled  to  move  out.  The 
Syndicate  company  are  but  awaiting  the  con- 
nection on  the  Osceola  vein,  between  the  upper 
and  lower  tunnels,  to  commence  cruHhing  their 
own  ore,  of  which  there  is  a  sufficient  quantity 
to  keep  the  mill  running  for  years  to  come. 
While  the  ore  is  not  high  grade,  there  is  con- 
siderable more  money  in  it  for  the  company  than 
to  run  on  custom  rock. 

Then  comes  along  the  Tioga.  This  mine 
could  now  keep  a  20-stamp  mill  running  for  a 
long  time  upon  ore  from  its  320  level;  and  if 
the  vein  is  found  to  hold  its  own  at  the  520 
level,  at  which  depth  a  crosscut  is  now  being 
run  to  intersect  it,  the  Tioga  really  will  need  a 
mill  of  its  own.  The  Bechtel,  Blackhawk, 
Summit,  Belvidere,  Con.  Pacific  and  South  Bul- 
wer all  have  considerable  good  milling  ore  on 
hand,  and  while  they  may  not  need  mills  of 
their  own,  they  would  certainly  be  good  custom- 
ers. The  Noonday  will  probably  continue  crush- 
ing at  the  Miners  until  they  put  up  a  mill  of 
larger  capacity  on  their  own  account. 

As  it  stands  now  some  one  is  bound  to  be 
crowded  out,  and  that  before  many  weeks.  If 
the  Bulwer  continues  crushing  at  the  Bodie 
mill,  and  the  Bodie  people  have  the  Syndicate 
— and  they  must  have  that  mill  or  their  own — 
there  will  be  no  facilities  for  the  other  mines 
mentioned  to  crush  ore.  The  fact  is  that  the 
Bulwer  ani  Noonday,  and  probably  the  Tioga, 
need  mills  of  their  own,  and  a  good  20-stamp 
custom  mill  outside  of  these  would  find  con- 
stant employment.  In  short,  the  milling  ca- 
pacity should  at  least  be  doubled  within  the 
next  90  days. — Bodie  Standard. 


UsEfdL     lfJpOr\fi^JIOM. 


Grindstones. 

What  can  disable  a  machine-shop  more 
effectually  than  to  destroy  the  grindstone  '  L'n- 
less  the  loss  were  supplied  by  the  modern  sub- 
stitute, the  emery  grinder,  to  destroy  the  grind- 
atone  would  bo  to  wreck  the  shop.  A  thorough 
study  of  the  subject  will  develop  more  require- 
ments than  many  think,  and  much  ingenuity  or 
skill  in  designing  might  be  displayed  in  working 
out  the  problem.  It  should  be  strong,  simple 
and  clean;  the  trough  expanded  to  catch  as 
much  as  possible  of  the  drip  water  and  grit;  a 
movable  shield  securely  hinged  to  keep  the 
water  from  splashing,  and  yet  permit  the  stone 
to  be  used  from  either  side;  rests  provided  upon 
which  to  rest  tools  and  the  rod  for  turning  the 
stone,  these  rests  being  arranged  to  move  to- 
ward the  center  as  tho  stone  wears  smaller. 
The  bearings  should  be  generous  in  size,  proper 
provisions  being  made  for  oiling  without  wash- 
ing tho  grit  into  the  bearings  with  the  oil,  and 
the  ends  of  the  bearings  being  protected  by 
some  device  which  effectually  prevents  the 
entrance  of  the  grit.  The  stone  should  be 
secured  to  the  shaft  by  nuts  and  washers,  aud 
the  washers  fixed  so  that  they  can  not  turn 
with  the  nuts  as  they  are  screwed  up  or  un- 
screwed. In  hanging  the  stone,  great  care 
should  be  taken  to  hang  it  true  sidewise,  not 
only  for  convenience  in  using,  but  because  a 
stone  that  is  not  true  sidewise  can  never  be  kept 
true  edgewise. 

Suppose  a  stone  to  run  one-fourth  of  an  inch 
out  of  true  sidewise,  and  while  in  motion  draw 
a  line  around  it  within  three-eighths  of  an  inch 
from  the  edge,  on  an  average.  From  this  line 
there  would  be  but  one-fourth  of  an  inch  of 
stone  on  one  side  and  one-half  on  the  other. 
If  you  had  a  stone  only  this  in  thickness — that 
is,  a  stone  one-fourth  of  an  inch  thick  on  one 
side  and  one-half  of  an  inch  thick  on  the  other — 
would  not  the  one-fourth-inch  side  wear  away 
faster  than  the  other  ?  That  is  exactly  what  it 
does  on  that  side  of  the  thick  stone,  only  the 
thicker  the  stone  and  the  less  it  is  out  of  truth 
the  less  it  wearB. 


Working  Beds  of  Mountain  Streams. — Mr. 
J.  C.  Kernan,  in  American  Excliange:  I  have  for 
a  long  time  been  studying  the  best  method  to 
work  the  beds  of  mountain  streams.  The  old 
syBtem  of  damming  the  rivers  is  very  little 
practiced  now,  experience  having  taught  the 
miner  that  the  time  to  work  was  so  short  and 
the  labor  and  expense  so  great,  that  it  would 
not  warrant  them  in  continuing  the  method  then 
practiced.  That  there  are  millions  of  wealth 
in  the  beds  of  mountain  streams  in  the  vicinity 
of  the  rich  mining  districts  of  California,  ail 
who  have  had  any  mining  experience  will  con- 
cede. How  to  get  at  that  wealth  and  to  open 
up  a  new  field  of  industry  where  the  many 
willing  hands  might  find  remunerative  employ- 
ment, has  been  my  incentive  to  continue  that 
study  until  I  had  accomplished  my  object.  I 
now  feel  confident  that  I  have  succeeded  in  my 
undertaking.  I  propose  to  work  the  bed  of  the 
stream  from  the  surface  or  above  the  water;  to 
bnild  a  raft  of  the  required  dimensions,  and 
then  place  it  in  any  position  desired.  Raise 
the  debris  to  the  surface  by  means  of  implements 
constructed  for  that  purpose,  empty  it  into  a 
receiver,  where  the  gold  is  separated,  and  the 
residue  emptied  into  the  water  again.  No  labor 
•will  bd-required  except  to  turn  the  crank  which 
raises  the  material  from  the  bottom. 


Signal,  Mohave  County. — Deserted  village. 
Each  Arab  has  folded  his  tent  and  gone.  Of 
the  busy  town  of  1,000  people,  plenty  of  Mc 
Crackin  script  and  more  expectations,  perhaps 
25  are  left,  until  hardly  a  sound  is  heard.  All 
due  to  the  splendid  management,  or  no  manage- 
ment, of  the  Signal  and  McCrackin  mines.  So 
much  for  the  management  of  men  who  sit  in 
palace  offices,  luxuriantly  furnished  with  other 
people's  money,  who  think  they  know  how  to 
manage  a  valuable  mining  property,  but  have 
always  failed.  Everybody  here,  those  who 
know,  and  those  who  ought  to  know,  believe 
that  both  these  mines  are  as  good  to-day  as 
they  were  years  ago,  and  the  ore  just  as'  rich  at 
least.  The  appearance  of  the  mines  and  the 
assays  of  the  ores  prove  both  these  assertions  to 
be  correct. — Cor.  Enterprise. 


Painting  Walls— Seasonable  Hints. 

Of  course,  says  the  American  Builder,  every- 
body knows,  or  ought  to  know,  that  walls  and 
ceilings  are  finished  with  plaster.  But  every- 
body may  not  be  aware  that  plaster  has  the 
property  of  absorbing  moisture.  This,  perhaps, 
will  not  take  place  in  rooms  where  a  fire  is 
kept  steadily;  but  in  rooms  left,  aa  is  often  the 
case,  for  weeks  without  a  fire,  the  walls  will 
take  up  ■  oonadenble  quantity  of  damp.  The 
effect  will  be  injurious  to  the  health  of  the 
inmates.  There  are  few  persons  who  have  not 
Buffered  from  a  mysterious  cold,  caught  they 
know  not  how,  thuugli,  perhaps,  damp  in  the 
plaster  had  something  to  do  with  it. 

The  extent  to  which  damp  is  absorbed  in  a 
plastered  wall  may  be  discovered  by  noticing 
what  so  often  takes  place  in  rooms  where  the 
walls  are  painted  and  have  become  chilled  by  a 
season  of  cold  weather.  As  soon  as  the  temper- 
ature becomes  warmer  tho  atmosphere  is  con- 
densed on  the  walls,  and  at  times  in  such 
quantities  as  to  run  off  in  streams.  Now,  had 
it  not  been  for  the  paint,  the  greater  portion  of 
this  moisture  would  have  been  absorbed  by  the 
plastered  walls.  And  as  a  consequence  the 
quality  of  the  plaster  would  have  been  impaired 
and  the  room  made  unwholesome.  In  view  of 
this  effect!  in  plastered  walls,  it  becomes  a  ques- 
tion well  worth  considering,  whether,  in  finish- 
ing a  house,  the  walls  should  *be  papered  or 
paiuted.  If  paint  is  decided  on,  it  is  highly 
necessary  that  the  painting  be  properly  done 
aud  good  materials  employed. 

To  Restore  the  Luster  of  Jewelry. — Take 
one  ounce  cyanide  potassium  and  dissolve  in 
three  gills  of  water.  Attach  the  articles  to  be 
cleansed  to  a  wire  hook,  immerse  and  shake  in 
in  the  solution  for  a  second  or  two,  and  remove 
and  wash  in  clean  water,  then  in  warm  water 
and  soap.  Rinse  again,  dip  in  spirits  of  wine, 
and  dry  in  boxwood  sawdust.  If  the  solution  is 
kept,  put  it  in  a  tightly  corked  bottle,  and  label 
poison  conspicuously.  One  caution  is  necessary: 
Do  not  bend  over  the  solution  so  as  to  inhale 
the  odor,  nor  dip  the  fingers  in  it;  if  one  of  the 
articles  drops  from  the  hook,  better  empty  the 
solution  in  another  vessel. 


Honors  to  a  California  Tree. — We  learn 
by  the  proceedings  of  the  Highland  Agricultural 
Society,  of  Scotland,  that  our  native  tree,  the 
silver  fir  (Picea  nobilis),  is  in  high  feather  for 
planting  in  Scotland,  where  it  was  first  intro- 
duced from  northern  California  in  1831.  A 
specimen  in  Argyleshire,  blown  down  in  1874, 
was  nearly  60  feet  high,  and  girthed  6  feet  6 
inches  at  the  butt,  and  3  feet  8  inches  20  feet 
from  the  ground.  Aside  from  its  great  beauty 
for  shade  and  ornament,  it  is  recommended  to 
be  planted  as  a  common  forest  tree. 


Coloring  MetaL 

A  foreign|paper  gives  thefollowing:  Metals  may 
be  rapidly  colored  by  covering  their  surface  with 
a  thin  layer  of  sulphuric  acid.  According  to  the 
thickness  of  the  layer  and  the  duration  of  its  ac- 
tion there  may  be  obtained  tints  of  gold,  copper, 
chestnut  brown,  clear  aniline  blue,  and  reddish 
white.  These  tints  are  all  brilliant,  and  if  care 
be  taken  to  scour  the  metallic  objects  before 
treating  them  with  the  acid,  the  coloring  will 
Buffer  nothing  from  the  polishing.  On  making 
a  solution  of  640  grains  of  lead  acetate  in  3,450 
grains  of  water  and  warming  the  mixture  to  88° 
to  90°,  it  decomposes  and  gives  a  precipitate  of 
lead  in  black  flakes.  If  a  metallic  object  be 
immersed  in  the  bath,  the  precipitate  is  depos- 
ited upon  it,  and  the  color  produced  will  depend 
on  the  thickness  of  the  deposit.  Care  must  be 
taken  to  warm  the  objects  to  be  treated  grad- 
ually, so  that  the  coloration  may  be  uniform. 
Iron  treated  in  this  way  has  the  aspect  of  bluish 
steel;  zinc,  on  the  contrary,  becomes  brown. 
On  using  an  equal  quantity  of  sulphuric  acid  in- 
stead of  lead  acetate,  and  warming  a  little  more 
than  in  the  first  case,  common  bronze  may  be 
colored  a  magnificent  red  or  green,  which  is 
very  durable.  Very  beautiful  imitations  of 
marble  may  be  obtained  by  covering  the  bronze 
objects  warmed  up  to  100°,  with  a  solution  of 
lead  thickened  with  gum  tragacanth,  and  after- 
wards submitting  them  to  the  action  of  the 
precipitate  spoken  of  above. 

Lubricants. — The  evils  attending  the  use  of 
oils  and  fats  as  lubricants  upon  machinery  are 
well  known  to  engineers  and  mechanics,  but  the 
causes  and  nature  of  their  injurious  action  are 
not  so  generally  understood.  We  give,  there- 
fore, a  brief  but  very  lucid  explanation  of  their 
action  which  we  find  credited  to  Dr.  Marquardt, 
by  our  contemporary,  the  Boston  Journal  of 
Chemistry.  The  most  obvious  and  least  objec- 
tionable evil  attending  their  use  is  the  gradual 
oxidation  {or  gumming)  which  they  undergo, 
and  in  consequence  of  which  their  lubricating 
qualities  rapidly  diminish.  A  more  objection- 
able property  of  these  substances  shows  itself 
when  they  are  applied  to  such  parts  of  machin- 
ery as  are  more  or  leas  highly  heated.  In  such 
circumstances,  theBe  substances  are  decomposed 
into  their  constituents,  glycerine  and  fatty  acids. 
The  latter  combine  with  the  iron  work  of  ma- 
chinery to  form  an  iron  soap,  the  metal  surfaces 
being  corroded  thereby  and  freBh  surfaces  ex- 
posed to  corrosion.  Marquardt  recommends 
the  substitution  of  the  mineral  oils  (heavy  petro- 
leum products  that  boil  above  600°  F.)  for  ani- 
mal oils  and  fats  as  the  remedy. 

The  Importance  of  Sanitary  Engineering. 
Prof.  Trowbridge,  of  the  School  of  Mines,  in  a 
recent  lecture  before  the  Engineering  Society, 
advised  young  engineers  to  give  their  attention 
to  sanitary  engineering,  and  reminded  them 
that  a  problem  worthy  of  the  closeat  observa- 
tion was  the  excessive  cost  of  railroad  transpor- 
tation. The  problem  that  now  pressed  upon 
them,  said  he,  was  of  a  social  nature — how  to 
prevent  disease,  and  how  to  elevate  the  poorer 
classes.  No  doubt  there  would  be  a  future  in 
which  the  engineer,  the  capitalist  and  the  states- 
man would  unite  for  the  promotion  of  human 
welfare, 


Pigments  from  Coal. — Powdered  coal  is 
treated  with  nitric  acid,  or  with  nitrate  of  soda 
or  potassa,  and  sulphuric  acid.  Then  a  portion 
of  the  coal  will  dissolve  in  caustic  or  carbonate 
of  alkali,  yielding  a  dark  brown  solution.  A 
black  residue  remains  behind,  which  may  be 
used  as  a  paint.  -The  brown  alkaline  solution 
may  be  used  at  once,  or  a  brown  precipitate 
may  be  obtained  by  adding  an  acid. 


QQQD     \\Ei\Lj\[. 


The  Cause  of  Consumption. 

Dr.  Rollin  R.  Gregg,  of  Buffalo,  New  York,  is 
confident  that  he  has  solved  the  mystery  of 
consumption.  Regular  physicians  will  be  apt 
to  say  that  he  has  mistaken  a  condition  for  a 
cause;  nevertheless  we  are  inclined  to  think  that 
good  may  come  from  the  emphasis  he  lays  upon 
that  condition,  since  it  seems  calculated  to 
work  a  beneficial  change  in  the  customary 
treatment  of  the  disease. 

Dr.  Gregg  argues  that  as  the  loss  of  albumen 
from  the  blood  through  the  mucous  membrane 
of  the  kidneys  in  Bright's  disease,  rapidly  and 
fairly  depletes  the  system,  much  more  must 
the  more  rapid  loss  of  albumen  through  the 
mucous  membranes  of  the  lungs  be  serious  in 
all  its  stages  and  speedily  fatal  in  its  results,  if 
proper  measures  are  not  taken  to  stop  such 
waste  before  fatal  conditions  have  arisen.  The 
expectorations  of  consumptives,  and  all  their 
other  catarrhal  or  mucous  discharges  from  what- 
ever organ,  are  mostly  albumen  and  a  direct 
loss  of  so  much  of  this  constituent  from  the 
blood.  It  is  this  wastage  which  causes  the 
great  emaciation  characteristic  of  consumption, 
and  not,  he  thinks,  any  failure  of  the  system  to 
assimilate  food.  And  this  loss  of  albumen  does 
mischief  not  only  in  robbing  the  muscles  of 
their  proper  nutrition,  but  also  in  throwing  the 
constituents  of  the  blood  into  disproportion. 
The  loss  of  one  ounce  of  albumen  destroys 
nearly  a  pound  of  blood  for  aU  purposes  of 
healthy  nutrition,  and  leaves  in  the  blood  a 
relative  exceaB  of  5£  ounces  of  water,  7  ounces 
of  blood  corpuscles,  9  grains  of  fatty  matter, 
15  grains  of  fibrin,  and  41  grains  of  salts. 
These  elements  in  excess  act  the  same  as  foreign 
matters  in  the  blood,  and  disturb  the  entire 
economy  of  the  system.  Night  sweats  and 
dropsy  are  the  result  of  the  excess  of  water. 
The  blood  corpuscles  left  in  excess  are  decolor- 
ized by  the  too  watery  blood,  and  are  deposited 
in  the  capillaries  or  smallest  blood  vessels, 
where  they  shrivel  and  become  tuberculous 
corpuscles,  bo  caUed;  the  fatty  matters  in  excess 
cause  the  fatty  livers  aud  other  fatty  degenera- 
tions attending  the  disease;  the  excess  of  fibrin 
causes  the  adhesion  of  the  pleura  to  the  inner 
surface  of  the  ribs,  the  heart,  or  to  each  other, 
often  among  the  most  serious  of  the  complica- 
tions of  consumption;  and,  finally,  the  excess 
of  salts  causes  calculi,  enlargement  of  the  joints, 
ossifications,  and  similar  morbid  developments. 

In  such  cases  of  consumption  as  are  character- 
ized in  their  earlier  stages  by  an  absence  of 
profuse  expectoration,  Dr.  Gregg  would  at- 
tribute the  beginning  of  the  disease  to  a  loss  of 
albumen  through  some  other  organ  or  organs, 
the   shriveled  blood   corpuscles  lodging  in  the 


lungs,  starting  tubercules  there  and  setting  up 
a  dry  cough,  with  the  resultant  irritation  of  the 
mucous  membrane  and  outporing  of  mucous. 
From  this  point  of  view,  there  is  but  one 
source  of  hope  to  the  consumptive  in  any  stage 
of  the  disease,  and  that  is  through  the  healing 
of  the  mucous  membranes  and  the  stopping  of 
the  waste  of  albumen.  By  this  means,  in  the 
earlier  stages  of  the  disease — with  all  who  have 
not  inherited  the  most  feeble  constitutions — 
there  is  much  to  hope  from  judicious  treatment. 
Whatever  may  be  the  (primary  cause  of  con- 
sumption, it  is  pretty  evident  that  the  muooue 
discharge  which  attends  the  disease  and  finds 
relief  in  expectoration  is  to  be  repressed  rather 
thanfencouraged;  and  to  do  this  must  radicaUy 
change  the  usual  treatment  of  the  disease,  at 
least  in  its  early  stages. — Scientific  American. 

Petroleum  in   Polmokary  Diseases.— The 

following  is  extracted  from  the  Bulletin  de  The- 
rn/xii/i'/iif:  "Dr.  Blache  states  that  a  refiner 
of  petroleum  having  been  prohibited  by  a  prefiUt 
at  the  request  of  some  pharmaciens,  from  the 
distribution  of  petroleum  in  medicinal  doses, 
this  led  to  an  inquiry  being  made  aB  to  its 
alleged  utility  in  affections  of  the  chest.  The 
native  petroleum  from  Pennsylvania  and  Vir- 
ginia was  that  experimented  upon  first.  It  is  a 
very  safe  substance,  for  even  large  quantities, 
when  drunk  by  error,  have  caused  only  a  little 
nausea.  In  chronic  bronchitis,  with  abundant 
expectoration,  it  rapidly  diminishes  the  amount 
of  the  secretion  and  the  paroxysms  of  coughing, 
and  in  simple  bronchitis,  rapid  amelioration  has 
been  obtained.  Its  employment  in  phthisis  has 
been  continued  for  too  Bhort  a  time  as  yet  to 
allow  of  any  opinion  being  delivered  as  to  ita 
efficiency,  beyond  that  it  diminishes  the  expec- 
toration, which  also  loses  its  parculent  charac- 
ter. The  petroleum  is  popularly  taken  in  doses 
of  a  teaapoonful  before  each  meal,  and  after  the 
first  day  any  nausea  which  it  may  excite  in 
some  persons  disappears.  M.  Gardy,  a  Paris 
pharmacim,  has  prepared  capsules,  each  con- 
taining 25  centigrammes  of  petroleum,  or,  as  he 
calls  it  kuile  de  Gabion,  from  the  name  of  an 
aucient  petroleum  spring,  and  this  Dr.  Blache 
considers  as  tho  most  favorable  mode  of  admin- 
istering it." 

Repairing  the  Eve. — Some  curious  facts 
have  come  to  light  about  the  regeneration  of  the 
eye  during  experiments  made  by  M,  Philipeaux; 
facta  of  a  very  pleasing  kind  if  we  only  infer 
that  what  applies  to  inferior  animals  is  applica- 
ble also  to  man.  M.  Philipeaux  has  been,  it 
seems,  anxious  to  discover  whether  on  com- 
pletely emptying  the  eyes  of  young  rabbits  and 
guinea  pigs,  the  viteous  humor  would  be  reor- 
ganized, and  whether  even  the  crystalline  would 
be  reproduced.  With  this  view,  he  has  been 
conducting  his  operations,  always,  of  course, 
taking  care  not  to  touch  the  crystalline  capsule, 
for  experience  has  shown  that  in  order  that  an 
organ  shall  regenerate,  a  portion  of  it  must  be 
left  in  its  place.  It  seems  that  a  month  after 
the  mutilation  was  effected,  the  experimentalist 
was  able  to  state  that  the  eyes,  which  had  been 
emptied,  were  filled  afresh,  and  that  the  crys- 
talline was  reconstituted.  He  operated  on  24 
animals,  and  in  each  case  the  multil-ted  eye 
revived.  This  would  seem  to  show  that  the 
optic  organ  has  the  same  capabilities  as  the 
bones.  The  organic  process  repairs  an  evil  and 
reconstructs,  more  or  less  completely,  that  por- 
tion which  has  been  struck  off  from  the  whole. 


Death  from  Toothache. — A  Miss  Stevens  of 
Walton,  Delaware  county,  died  on  May  1st  of 
toothache.  Although  this  is  a  rare  occurrence, 
this' is  an  undisputed  case  of  death  resulting 
from  an  excruciating  toothache.  The  victim, 
who  was  a  young  American  woman  employed  in 
a  family  in  Walton,  had  suffered  some  days 
with  a  terrible  toothache,  which  accompanied 
an  ulcerated  jaw.  An  attempt  was  made  to  ex- 
tract the  troublesome  members,  but  her  teeth 
were  broken  off  and  her  face  was  too  sore  to 
permit  their  removal  by  the  painful  process  of 
cutting  away  the  gums.  The  girl  suffered  en- 
tire nervous  prostration  from  the  extreme  pain, 
aud  gradually  sank  under  it  until  death  ended 
her  sufferings.  An  army  surgeon,  who  attended 
her,  pronounced  her  symptoms  the  same  as  those 
following  the  amputation  of  a  limb. — Middle- 
town.  N.  Y.,  Press. 


Wearing  Garters. — If  garters  are  worn.it 
is  important  to  know  how  to  apply  them  with 
the  least  risk  of  harm.  At  the  bend  of  the 
knee  the  superficial  veins  of  the  leg  unite  and 
go  deeply  into  the  under  part  of  the  thigh, 
beneath  the  ham-string  tendons.  Thus  a  liga- 
ture below  the  knee  obstructs  all  the  superficial 
veins;  but  if  the  contrivance  is  above,  the  ham- 
string tendons  keep  the  pressure  off  the  veins 
which  return  the  legs.  Unfortunately,  most 
people,  in  ignorance  of  the  above  facts,  apply 
the  garter  below  the  knee. 

The  B.oard  of  Health  of  Carlsruhe,  Baden, 
publishes  a  notice  stating  that  chemical  analysis 
shows  that  the  outer  portions  of  the  packages 
of  American  canned  beef  whieh  have  been  in 
contact  with  the  tin  of  the  case,  are  impreg- 
nated with  lead,  and  are  injurious  to  health. 
Consumers  are  advised  to  cut  off  a  thin  paring 
on  aU  sides  of  the  package  before  using  the 
meat. 

Oatmeal  Relish. — Fill  a  saucer  nearly  full 
of  well- cooked  oatmeal.  Now  fill  the  oatmeal 
full  of  strawberries  (pressing  them  in),  ripe 
peaches,  ripe  pears,  or  some  such  fruit.  Add 
a  little  sugar  and  cream.  It  is  a  rich  and  deli- 
cate dish. 


384 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[June  14,  1879, 


|gi|l^^gsij 


W.  B.  EWER Senior  Editor. 


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SAN   FRANCISCO: 
Saturday   Morning,  June  14,  1879. 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 

GENERAL  EDITORIALS. —The  Discovery  of 
Gold  in  India.— No.  2;  The  San  Francisco  Free  Library; 
Gold  Mining  in  California,  377.  The  Week;  The 
Groans  of  the  Alaskans;  California  Mines  in  More  Re- 
quest at  the  East;  Dry  Amalgamation,  384.  Ran- 
some's  Patent  Combined  Steam  Tree-Feller  and  Log 
Crosscut  Saw;  Mines  and  Minerals  of  Algiers,  385. 
Notices  of  Recent  Patents;  The  Wilbraham  Rotary 
Piston  Pump,  388. 

ILLUSTRATIONS.— Fig.  1.  Denudation  and  Ancient 
Workings;  Fig.  2.  Use  of  Fire  in  Ancient  Mines,  377- 
Ransome's  Patent  Steam  Tree-Feller—Side  Elevation; 
Perspective  View  Showing  Tree-Feller,  and  Crosscut 
Saw  at  Work;  Ransome's  Patent  Steam  Tree-Feller— 
Arranged  for  Crosscutting,  385. 

CORRESPONDENCE.— Letter  from  Arizona;  Rail- 
road Project  in  Tulare  County,  378. 

MECHANICAL  PROGRESS —Preserving  Tim- 
ber by  the  Hayford  Process  a  Failure;  To  Temper  Mill 
Picks;  Tin  Plate  Manufacture;  Railway  Notes;  A  New 
Steam-Proof  Cement;  Paper  Bricks;  Iron  Fencing; 
Home-Made  Drill  Rods;  Improvement  in  Railroad  Loco- 
motion; Making  Spikes  by  Machinery;  Compressing 
Liquid  Metal;  Cheap  Steel;  Boots  and  Shoes  with  Stone 
Soles;  Improvements  in  the  Steam  Engine,  379- 

SCIENTIFIC  PROGRESS.— Intra-Mercurial  Plan- 
ets; A  New  Refrigerating  Liquid  from  Beets;  Malleable 
Nickel  and  Cobalt;  Nitrous  Oxide  under  Pressure;  Curi- 
ous Phenomena  of  Reflection;  A  New  Nebula  and  a  Lost 
Planet;  Is  Condensed  Steam  Explosive?  Newly  Discov- 
ered Fossil  Bird  Tracks,  379. 

USEFUL  INFORMATION. —Grindstones;  Color- 
ing Metal;  Lubricants;  The  Importance  of  Sanitary  En- 
gineering; Painting  Walls— Seasonable  Hints;  To  Re- 
store the  Luster  of  Jewelry;  Pigments  from  Coal,  383. 

GOOD  HEALTH. —The  Cause  of  Consumption; 
Petroleum  in  Pulmonary  Diseases;  Repairing  the  Eye; 
Death  from  Toothache;  Wearing  Garters,  383. 

MISCELLANEOUS.— Depth  of  Earthquakes;  Trou- 
ble Ahead;  The  Great  Railroad  Strife;  Narrow-Gauge, 
378.  The  Telluride  Ores  of  Gold;  Eastern  Investors; 
The  South  African  Cable;  An  Aerolite;  Leadville  as  it  Is; 
The  San  Pedro;  A  Curious  Cave,  382.  More  Mills 
Wanted;  Working  Beds  of  Mountain  Streams;  Signal, 
Mohave  County;  Honors  to  a  California  Tree,  383. 

MINING  STOCK  MARKET.— Sales  of  the  San 
Francisco,  California  and  Pacific  Stock  Boards,  Notices 
of  Assessments,  Meetings  and  Dividends,  380-81. 

MINING  SUMMARY  from  the  various  counties  of 
California,  Nevada,  Arizona,  Colorado,  Idaho,  Montana, 
New  Mexico  and  Idaho,  331-88. 

NEWS  IN  BRIEF  on  page  388  and  other  pages. 

Business  Announcements. 

Litton  Springs  Park  Association,  of  Sonoma  Co.,  Cat. 


The  Week. 


The  gradual  and  steady  influx  of  Eastern  cap- 
ital into  our  mining  stock  market,  has  appar- 
ently so  frightened  the  manipulators  of  "black 
Friday"  peculiarities,  that  a  mouthpiece  in  the 
person  of  Alex.  Delmar  has  taken'the  trouble  to 
relieve  his  mind  in  a  disreputable  letter  to  the 
New  York  Sun,  in  which  he  warns  Eastern  peo- 
ple against  our  bonanza  and  quartz  mines  gener- 
ally, asserting  that  the  Comstock  lode  is  used 
up,  and  that  California's  current  product  of 
$15,000,000  in  gold  is  derived  chiefly  from  hy- 
draulic mines,  and  that  these  latter  are  chok- 
ing up  our  rivers,  filling  up  our  single  harbor, 
and  utterly  ruining  our  agricultural  lands.  No 
excitement  has  beea  created  by  this  monstrosity, 
the  facts  are  patent  that  quartz  mining  on  this 
coast  is  entering  a  period  of  unexampled  pros- 
perity. 

From  all  authentic  sources,  new  and  paying 
gold  mines  are  being  opened  in  greater  number 
in  this  State  now  than  at  any  other  time.  In 
the  Bodie  district  there  is  more  wealth  in  sight 
than  ever  before,  and  all  the  indications  for  the 
future  of  most  other  districts  are  most  favor- 
able. 

The  most  discouraging  point  about  Leadville 
is  that  the  gold  supply  is  not  permanent,  slight 
deposits,  although  Senator  Jones  in  an  interview 
asserts  that  "the  yield  of  1879  will  be  so  large 
as  to  create  a  new  era  in  mining,  and  show  our 
capitalists  that  these  mines  are  one  of  the  great 
sources  of  the  wealth  of  our  country,  and  that 
this  year  promises  to  be  as  memorable  in  its 
mining  excitement  as  the  year  of  the  bonanza 
discoveries."  It  is  a  fact,  however,  that  Lead- 
ville is  over-crowded.  From  all  of  the  mining  dis- 
tricts come  reports  so  favorable,  that  to  particu- 
larize would  be  regarded  as  an  affectation. 


The  Groans  of  the  Alaskans. 

A  few  months  since  the  country  was  startled 
by  a  cry  for  help  from  the  white  settlers  of 
Sitka,  the  capital  of  Alaska,  to  prevent  their 
threatened  massacre  by  the  Indians  of  that  Ter- 
ritory. This  appeal  for  aid  was  so  fervent  and 
urgent,  that  a  British  man-of-war  was  dis- 
patched by  the  English  authorities  at  Victoria 
to  prevent  if  possible  this  impending  disaster. 
Since  that  time  the  leading  journals  throughout 
the  United  States  have  commented  strongly 
and  even  bitterly  on  the  attitude  into  which 
our  government  has  been  brought  toward  that 
Territory  through  the  weakness  and  inefficiency 
of  our  navy,  animadvertingwithnolittleasperity 
on  that  niggardness  of  Congress  that  has  forced 
us  to  have  recourse  to  the  aid  of  a  foreign 
power  to  protect  American  citizens  on  Amer- 
ican soil.  The  isolation  of  Alaska,  its  inacces- 
sibility, the  supposed  rigor  of  its  climate,  and 
the  savage  ferocity  of  its  native  tribes  ha  /e  all 
tended  to  retard  its  exploration  and  coloniza- 
tion, the  condition  of  affairs  having  meantime 
been  greatly  mystified  through  the  conflicting 
accounts  that  from  time  to  time  have  appeared 
in  regard  to  them.  A  few  of  the  more  salient 
points  connected  with  the  geography,  wants 
and  resources  of  this  region  may  be  epitomized 
as  follow:  Alaska,  as  far  as  commercial  rela- 
tions and  native  population  are  concerned,  may 
be  divided  into  two  distinct  regions.  The  first 
of  these,  according  to  W.  H.  Dull,  of  the 
Smithsonian  Institute,  lies  to  the  north  and 
west  of  Mt.  St.  Elias  and  is  inhabited  by  Indi- 
ans and  Esquimaux,  who  are  entirely  friendly 
and  in  no  way  dangerous  to  the  whites.  One 
portion  of  them — the  Aleuts — are  semi-civilized 
and  have  of  course  the  fault  of  occasional  drunk- 
enness. The  second  region  lies  to  the  east  and 
southeast  and  is  peopled  by  a  race  entirely  dif- 
ferent ethnologically  from  the  Esquimaux  and 
Indians.  These  in  their  own  language  are 
called  "Khinkets,"  while  to  the  settlers  on  the 
coast  they  are  generically  known  as  "Sitka  In- 
dians." Unlike  their  northern  neighbors  they 
are  a  cruel,  reckless,  impudent  and  murderous 
set  of  savages,  little  disposed  to  respect  any- 
thing less  than  the  overawing  influence  of  the 
government.  They  are  ruled  wholly  by  their 
passions,  and  when  drunk  or  otherwise  excited 
hesitate  at  nothing  that  interferes  with  the 
gratification  of  their  desires.  The  country  they 
inhabit  is  densely  wooded  with  spruce,  pine,  fir 
and  other  conifers,  useful  and  available  for 
timber.  The  climate  is  about  that  of  southern 
New  York,  the  summers  being  wetter  and 
cooler  and  the  winters  mild.  That  this  region 
is  fertile  and  productive  has  been  practically 
shown  by  the  successful  culture  here  of  pota- 
toes and  vegetables  of  various  kinds,  as  well 
also  as  of  the  grasses  and  we  believe  the  cereal 
grains. 

The  mineral  wealth  of  the  country,  with  the 
exception  of  coal,  remains  largely  to  be  deter- 
mined. Gold,  silver,  iron,  manganese  and 
other  ores  are  known  to  exist,  but  how  far  they 
will  hereafter  pay  for  the  ■  working  is  a  matter 
of  speculation. 

It  is  the  southern  portion,  the  seat  of  the 
late  troubles,  towards  which  attention  is  now 
more  particularly  directed.  The  chief  govern- 
ing influence  over  all  this  region  is  that  exer- 
cised by  the  Alaska  Commercial  Company, 
which  has  a  monopoly  of  the  fur  trade  and  as 
far  as  possible  applies  the  law  and  keeps  the 
Indians  in  subjection.  But  apart  from  this 
there  is  no  settled  government,  and  from  the 
company's  inability  to  protect  the  lives  and 
property  of  the  white  settlers  and  traders,  has 
arisen  the  question  whether  the  white  inhabit- 
ants of  Alaska,  citizens  of  the  United  States, 
are  entitled  to  such  protection  and  government 
as  shall  suffice  to  shield  their  lives  and  property 
from  the  rapacity  and  cupidity  of  the  savages  ? 
Clearly  they  are,  the  only  point  of  difficulty 
being  how,  in  view  of  their  remote  position, 
their  limited  numbers  and  the  scanty  resources 
of  the  country,  this  protection  can  be  best  ex- 
tended to  them.  An  organized  government  is 
hardly  called  for.  Regular  troops  stationed 
there  could  protect  only  a  few  points  and  accom- 
plish but  little  good,  the  same  being  nearly  true 
of  cruisers  along  the  coast,  while  neither  sol- 
diers nor  armed  vessels  would  effect  anything 
towards  opening  up  and  exploring  the  interior. 
This  can  be  best  effected  by  inducing  a  mining 
population  to  enter  the  country  and  commence 
the  search  after  gold  and  silver.  To  promote 
this  the  government  might  find  it  expedient  to 
aid  and  encourage  a  movement  of  this  kind  in  the 
first  instance.  Facilities  might  be  afforded  ad- 
venturers for  reaching  the  Territory  in  public 
vessels,  something  being  contributed  also  to- 
ward their  outfit,  with  a  little  assistance  to- 
wards getting  them  up  the  rivers,  and  the 
promise  of  helping  them  out  of  the  country 
should  they  wish  to  return. 

Such,  it  strikes  us,  is  the  true  way  to  settle 
this  Alaska  problem.  If  the  precious  metals 
abound  in  that  region  these  pioneer  prospectors 
will  soon  find  them,  and  our  public  officials 
will  need  trouble  themselves  no  more  about  the 
exploration  and  settlement  of  the  country,  the 
protection  of  its  inhabitants,  the  organization 
of  a  Territory,  nor  any  of  these  other  matters 
that  now  so  worry  and  perplex  them.  The  care 
of  this  whole  business  will  be  taken  off  their 
hands  by  the  first  emigration  that  reaches  the 
country,  and  the  latter  from  a  dead  weight  will  j 
be  speedily  converted  into  a  self-sustaining 
agent.     With  a  considerable  mining  population  ■ 


thrown  into  Alaska  the  Indians  there  would 
cause  but  little  more  trouble,  the  better  class 
of  them  betaking  themselves  to  peaceful  pur- 
suits and  living  in  harmony  with  the  whites, 
while  the  more  savage  would  meet  with  early 
extinction.  If  there  is  not  enough  of  the  pre- 
cious metals  in  these  our  mote  northern  pos- 
sessions to  draw  in  and  retain  there  a  good 
many  miners,  they  can  never  or  at  least  for  a 
long  time  become  much  populated,  and  may  as 
well  be  given  over,  certainly  for  the  present,  to 
the  Alaska  Fur  Company  and  such  others  as 
may  desire  to  carry  on  fishing,  trapping  and 
kindred  callings  in  the  woods  and  waters  of 
that  distant  and  gloomy  region. 


California  Mines  in  More  Request  at  the 
East. 

From  an  old  resident  of  this  State,  and  who 
for  a  number  of  years  has  had  much  to  do  with 
placing  mines  on  the  Eastern  market,  we  learn 
that  there  is  more  inquiry  in  that  quarter  for 
California  gold  mines  at  the  present  time  than 
ever  before.  Having  tried  investments  in  stocks, 
and  experimented  some  with  the  mines  of  Col- 
orado, Nevada,  Utah,  Arizona  and  other  of  the 
outside  States  and  Territories,  these  Eastern 
parties  are  disposed  now  to  buy  mining  proper- 
ties in  this  State,  and  carry  on  the  business 
here  in  a  practical  way.  They  have  well  con 
sidered,  what  we  have  so  often  said  and  so  con- 
stantly insisted  upon,  how  much  more  safe  and 
satisfactory  the  business  of  mining  has  proved  to 
be  in  California  than  in  these  other  countries.  All 
that  is  required  now  to  encourage  this  inclina- 
tion on  the  part  of  the  people  abroad  to  invest 
here,  and  so  insure  for  our  mining  industries  a 
greater  prosperity,  is  a  willingness  on  the  part 
of  mine  owners  to  dispose  of  their  claims  or  in- 
terests therein  at  reasonable  figures,  coupled 
with  a  disposition  to  act  justly  and  fairly  all 
round. 

There  is  no  denying  that  in  the  matter  of  sell- 
ing mines  very  extravagant  ideas  have  prevailed 
in  regard  to  the  value  of  these  properties,  and 
that  purchasers  have  as  a  general  thing  paid  too 
much  for  them.  In  most  cases  the  sellers  have 
fared  better  than  the  buyers,  for  the  reason  that 
the  former  have  been  apt  to  entertain  exag- 
gerated notions  about  the  value  of  their  mines, 
while  the  latter  have  not  figured  with  so  much 
c'oaeness  in  these  as  is  their  wont  in  other  busi- 
ness transactions.  Because  they  have  to  do  with 
the  production  of  gold  and  silver  a  vague  idea 
obtains  that  this  class  of  enterprises  ought  to 
yield  profits  irrespective  of  careful  calculations 
and  close  economy.  This  is  a  false  and  danger- 
ous assumption,  and  should  no  longer  be  acted 
upon.  Buyers  should  be  as  circumspect  and 
exacting  in  purchasing  this  as  any  other  kind  of 
property. 

As  regards  the  value  of  this  species  cf  prop- 
erty, none  are  apt  to  entertain  such  wild  notions 
as  the  veteran  miner.  He  is  the  most  hopeful, 
confident  and  sanguine  person  that  lives.  The 
calling  implies  the  possession  of  these  qualities 
on  the  part  of  those  who  pursue  it.  The  doubt- 
ing and  distrustful  take  none  of  the  hazards  in- 
volved in  this  business,  preferring  smaller  gains 
with  greater  certainty.  But  your  genuine 
miner  sees  everything  in  glowing  colors  and 
loves  to  take  desperate  hazards  if  only  there  be 
one  chance  in  a  hundred  to  strike  a  big  thing. 
He  is  prone  to  over-estimate,  one  great  success 
so  impressing  his  imagination  that  he  forgets  a 
thousand  failures.  He  is  often  misled,  not  by 
others,  but  by  his  own  wild  fancies,  and  so  be- 
comes the  means  of  misleading  others  who  re- 
pose confidence  in  his  judgment  and  experience. 
It  is  the  case  too  that  these  mine  vendors  have 
sometimes  been  guilty  of  very  sharp  practices. 
So  frequently  has  this  happened  that  the  phrase 
"honest  miner"  is  with  many  deemed  to  have 
only  an  ironical  signification.  Sometimes  too 
the  veteran  miner  will,  with  the  bestintentions, 
sadly  miscalculate,  and  occasionally  his  inten- 
tions are  none  of  the  best.  And  thus  it  comes 
to  pass  that  both  he  and  others  suffer  loss 
through  his  errors  of  judgment  or  his  errors  of 
intention.  It  is  to  be  hoped  that  this  growing 
interest  in  the  mines  of  California  will  be  met 
in  a  spirit  of  such  fairness  and  liberality  as  will 
tend  to  give  it  further  encouragement,  and  that 
parties  who  have  mining  properties  for  sale  will 
not  insist  upon  the  purchaser  paying  for  the 
same  a  little  more  than  they  are  worth,  and 
taking  all  the  hazard  besides. 

While  speaking  in  our  last  issue  of  mines 
lately  disposed  of  to  Eastern  parties,  we  were  in 
error  in  saying  the  large  hydraulic  property 
mentioned  was  sold  by  Mr.  Leet.  That  gen- 
tleman has,  as  stated,  large  sums  deposited  to 
his  credit  for  the  purchase  of  California  mines 
on  Eastern  account,  but  was  not  the  vendor  of 
the  hydraulic  property  alluded  to,  our  inform- 
ant having  got  two  transactions  mixed. 

The  Eclipse  op  18S0.— Mr.  A.  F.  Goddard, 
of  Sacramento,  is  preparing  an  excursion  party 
of  50  or  more  to  observe  the  line  of  the  total 
eclipse  of  the  sun,  which  will  occur  next 
January,  visible  in  California.  His  object  is  to 
locate  the  excursionists  along  the  route  of  the 
total  shadow,  selecting  the  grandest  points  of 
view,  establishing  the  line  by  appropriate  monu- 
ments from  the  coast  to  the  Sierras.  We  have 
no  doubt  such  an  excursion  in  advance  of  the 
eclipse  would  be  productive  of  much  pleasure 
as  well  as  a  means  of  verifying  astronomical 
calculations. 


Dry  Amalgamation. 

The  plan  of  dispensing  with  the  use  of  water' 
in  effecting  the  amalgamation  of  quicksilver 
with  the  precious  metals,  appears  to  be  growing.' 
in  favor  with  our  millmen  and  practical  meti 
lurgists.  Ever  since  the  attention  of  the  mil 
ing  public  began  to  be  strongly  called  to  the' 
advantages  of  this  method  through  the  partial 
introduction  of  the  Paul  process,  for  crushing' 
and  amalgamating  the  ores  of  gold  and  silver' 
wholly  dry,  it  has  been  gradually  working  ittf 
way  into  a  larger  use.  That  this  should  have 
been  the  case  is  not  surprising.  When  we  con* 
sider  the  percentage  of  loss  that  attends  humid 
amalgamation,  it  seems  strange  that  the  dry 
plan  has  made  so  little  progress,  its  superiority 
having  been  so  clearly  proven  through  the  many 
successful  trials  of  the  Paul  invention. 

From  Mark  Silver,  a  young  man  who  has  had 
a  good  deal  of  experience  in  milling  ores,  we 
learn  that  one  of  the  Paul  crushers,  supple- 
mented by  a  novel  method  of  amalgamation,  has 
been  employed  for  the  past  six  months  with 
gratifying  results  in  the  mill  of  Chas.  D.  Smyth, 
at  Murphy's  Camp,  Calaveras  county.  The  ore 
here,  after  being  pulverized  and  brightened  in  the 
manner  peculiar  to  the  Paul  machine,  is  dusted 
on  a  copper-plated,  mercury-coated  cylinder 
which  revolves  in  a  dust  proof  chamber.  The 
instant  the  gold  so  brightened  touches  the 
quicksilver  it  is  taken  up  even  to  the  finest 
atom,  while  the  base  metals  and  all  other  refuse 
matter  are  rejected  and  thrown  into  the  stream 
below,  none  of  these  latter  during  their  brief 
contact  being  able  to  attach  themselves  to  the 
surface  of  the  revolving  cylinder.  For  the  pur- 
pose of  cleaning  up,  a  lathe  rigged  with  a  hard 
piece  of  rubber  is  brought  to  bear  against  the 
cylinder  while  in  motion,  relieving  it  effectually 
and  so  readily  of  the  amalgam  that  a  delay  of 
five  minutes  suffices  for  cleaning  up  the  mill.. 
With  the  aid  of  these  appliances  gold-bearing; 
quartz  has  been  worked  in  large  quantities  with 
much  greater  closeness  than  it  is  possible  to  do* 
with  arastras;  and  so  manifest  are  the  advant- 
ages of  the  mechanisms  here  employed  that  a 
great  revival  in  quartz  mining  is  likely  to  ensue 
in  the  district  mentioned.  The  miners  in  the 
neighborhood  are  bringing  in  their  ores  freely 
to  Mr.  Smyth's  mill  to  have  them  reduced  by 
the  new  method,  preferring  to  pay  from  six  to 
seven  dollars  per  ton  to  have  them  so  treated 
rather  than  crush  them  free  of  charge  in  their 
own  arastras,  or  pay  even  so  much  as  two  or 
three  dollars  per  ton  for  having  them  worked  in 
the  old-style  quartz  mills.  The  ores  here  being 
usually  of  good  grade  they  can  well  afford  to 
pay  this  difference,  as  Mr.  Smyth  returns  them 
fully  30%  more  gold  then  they  can  get  having 
their  ores  treated  by  any  other  process.  From 
some  lots  of  ore  reduced  at  this  mill  highly 
satisfactory  returns  were  obtained,  though  they 
were  so  base  that  they  could  not  be  worked 
with  any  profit  where  amalgamation  with  water 
was  practiced. 

This  experiment  has  created  a  demand  for  a 
20-stamp  custom  mill  at  this  nearly  defunct 
camp,  and  so  much  new  life  has  this  improved 
prospect  infused  into  the  miners  that  there  will 
probably  be  as  much  as  40  or  50  additional 
stamps  required  there  within  the  next  sixmonths. 
The  cost  of  outfitting  and  running  this  is  not 
greater  than  of  the  old-style  mills — indeed,  we 
suppose  it  is  somewhat  less. 

Almarin  B.  Paul,  the  originator  of  the  process 
that  bears  his  name,  has  well  explained  in  his 
pamphlet  descriptive  of  the  same,  the  advant- 
ages of  amalgamation  by  the  dry  method  as  well 
as  the  greater  cheapness  of  the  machinery  em- 
ployed in  its  practice,  which  latter  he  argues 
commends  strongly  his  plan  where  economy  in 
preliminary  expenditure  becomes  a  controlling 
consideration.  That  mercury  when  performing 
this  office  of  gathering  up  and  holding  the 
precious  metals  should  be  used  without  the 
intervention  of  water  would  be  inferred  irre- 
spective of  results  reached  in  practice.  The 
disposition  that  exists  between  these  several 
metals  to  unite  being  due  to  affinity  or  attrac- 
tion, that  the  interposition  of  a  bad  conductor 
like  water  should  tend  to  weaken  that  power 
stands  to  reason.  Overman,  a  high  authority 
in  chemical  and  metallurgical  science,  remarks 
on  this  point  as  follows  :  "All  metals  appear 
to  have  a  tendency  to  float  in  water,  when  in 
fine  particles,  some  more  than  others.  This  is 
caused  by  a  particle  of  gas — either  air  or  water 
gas — adhering  to  the  particles  of  metals,  which 
causes  them  to  float.  Precious  metals  appear  to 
possess  more  of  this  quality  than  others." 

Taking  up  the  hint  contained  in  the  above 
extract,  Mr.  Paul  enlarges  upon  it  in  substance 
as  follows  :  Water  adheres  tenaciously  to  what- 
ever it  touches.  Through  its  use  in  amalgamate 
ing  we  put  in  the  first  place  a  jacket  of 
water  about  every  atom  of  mercury  and  gold 
and  silver,  whereby  their  metallic  surfaces  are 
kept  from  actual  contact,  and  then  proceed  to 
agitate  and  grind  them  with  a  view  to  destroy- 
ing this  covering  and  compelling  them  to  unite. 
Now  water  is  repulsive  to  the  precious  metals, 
and  no  union  can  take  place  between  them  ex- 
cept forced  by  gravity  or  friction.  But  this 
friction  produced  between  iron  surfaces  tends 
to  eliminate  the  repulsive  elements  that  reside 
in  all  ores,  and  being  so  brought  out  coat  with 
a  gaseous  film  the  precious  metals  they  contain, 
and  so  place  a  barrier  between  them  and  the 
mercury.  In  dry  amalgamation  the  mercury 
comes  in  direct  contact  with  the  particles  of 
metal,  and  of  course  performs  its  duty  with 
greater  efficiency. 


June  14,  1879.J 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS 


385 


Ransome's  Patent  Combined  Steam  Tree- 
Feller  and  Log  Cross-cut  Saw. 

We  present  to  our  readers  in  this  iasue 
various  representations  and  a  detailed  deecrip. 
tion  of  the  above  novel  and  useful  machine,  for 
which  Mr.  Walter  Laidlaw,  of  Oakland,  Cal., 
has  been  appointed  general  agent  fur  the  United 
States. 

The  want  of  a  really  efficient  machine  which 
would  effect  a  substantial  economy  over  the 
tedious  process  of  felling  and  cross-cutting  trees 
by  the  axe  or  hand-saw,  has  caused  a  great 
many  attempts  to  be  made  to  achieve  this  result 
by  the  employment  of  steam  power;  but  the 
machines  hitherto  invented  for  this  purpose 
have  failed,  in  consequence  of  being  so  compli- 
cated and  troublesome  to  fix,  that  the  time  ex- 
pended in  moving  them  from  tree  to  tree,  and 
preparing  them  for  work,  has  more  than  coun- 
terbalanced any  saving  which  they  effected, 
when  actually  cutting.  The  simple  little  tool 
represented  in  three  views,  is  not  open  to  this 
objection,  as  it  uin  be  firmly  fixed  to  any  tree 
which  it  is  required  to  fell  or  cross-cut  in  less 
than  two  minutes,  the  agent  tells  us;  and  as 
the  medium  size  (which  wj\\  fell  trees  up  to  four 
feet  in  diameter)  is  less  than  four  cwt.,  it  can 
be  readily  carried  about  by  four  men.  It  works 
with  incredible  rapidity,  sawing  down  a  hard 
wood  tree  three  feet  in   diameter  in   less   than 


rect  to  the  end  of  the  piston-rod,  which  is  made 
to  travel  in  a  true  line  by  guides,  and  the  teeth 
of  the  saw  are  of  such  a  form  aa  to  cut  only 
during  the  inward  stroke.  By  this  simple  do- 
vice,  saws  as  long  as  nine  or  ten  feet  can  be 
worked  without  straining  apparatus  or  guide, 
as  its  own  cut  is  sufficient  to  guide  the  saw 
in  a  straight  lino  through  the  tree,  and  as   the 


is  fitted  with  a  safety-valve,  blast-pipe,  &team 
pressure  gauge,  water  gauge,  donkey  pump, 
whistle,  water-tank  and  set  of  stoking  tools. 
A  boiler  for  working  a  single  tree-feller  of  the 
medium  size  should  be  of  four  nominal  horse- 
power; hut  when  oue  boiler  works  two  machines, 
as  shown  in  the  engraving,  it  need  not  be  more 
;  than  six  horse-power,  as  it  would  rarely  happen 


RANSOME'S    PATENT    STEAM    TREE-FELLER-SIDE    ELEVATION. 


teeth  offer  no  resistance  to  the  outward  stroke, 
all  possibility  of  the  saw  buckling  is  avoided. 

The  machine  is  supplied  with  steam  at  a  high 
pressure  from  a  small  portable  boiler,  through 
a  strong  flexible  steam-pipe;  and  as  this  may 
be  of  considerable  length,  the  boiler  may  re- 
main in  one  place  until  the  machine  ha3  cut 
down  all  the  trees  within  a  radius  which  is  de- 
termined  by   the  length   of  the   pipe.     When 


that  both  tho  tree-feller  and  cross-cut  would  be 
requiring  their  full  supply  of  steam  at  the  same 
moment. 

For  logging,  getting  out  railroad  ties,  shin- 
gle nnd  cedar  bolts,  posts,  cord  wood  and  ship- 
knees,  a  machine  of  this  kind  will  be  found 
moat'invaluable.  Any  boiler  of  a  portable  engine, 
capable  of  maintaining  a  working  pressure  of  50 
pouuds  on  the  square  inch,  may  be  made  available 


carried  suspended  from  the  axle  of  a  small  two- 
wheeled  carriage  resembling  a  light  "timber 
jim."  When  so  slung,  two  men  can  move  it 
about  with  the  greatest  ease. 

This   patent    steam   tree-feller    having   been 
thoroughly  tested  on  a  great  variety  of   trees, 
ranging  from  oue  to  seven  feot  in  diameter,  the 
result  of  its  working  given  above   may  bo  guar- 
anteed.    The  jurors  of  the    forestry   class 
at    tho   Paris  exhibition    last  year,  after 
seeing   it  at   work,    marked  their  appre- 
ciation of  it  by  awarding  it  a  special  silver 
medal. 

Although  they  have  been  but  a  few 
months  iu  tho  market,  the  stram  tree- 
feller  has  already  found  its  way  into  many 
distant  parts  of  tho  world,  including  the 
East  and  West  Indies,  New  Zealand, 
Australia  and  Japan;  and  the  rapidly 
increasing  demand  for  them  is  the  best 
^  proof  of  their  practical  success.  They  are 
made  of  threo  sizes,  as  under,  and  may 
be  had  either  as  tree-fellers  or  cross-cut 
saws,  or  as  combined  machines  with  in 
terchangeable  frames  for  both  purposes. 
Diameter  of  Weiffhl  of  Power  of 

Size.        larjrcflt  tree.  machlno.        Boiler  Required. 

No.  1 2  foct  ::  owl  2-horse  p  iwer. 

No.  2 4  feet  ■■■,  r,  4-hursu  power. 

No.  3 Ofect  Bj  owl  6-horee power. 

Minis  and  Minerals  of  Algiers. — It  ap- 
pears from  the  last  report  of  the  French  Minister 
of  Public    Works  that  France   and  Algiers  are 


PERSPECTIVE    VIEW    SHOWING    TREE-FELLER    AND    CROSS-CUT    SAW    AT    WORK. 


five  minutes,  we  are  informed,  and  attended  by 
a  gang  of  four  men.  One  machine  will,  with 
ease,  fell  eight  such  trees  in  an  hour,  including 
the  time  occupied  in  moving  and  fixing  it.  Aa 
it  will  work  in  any  position,  it  will  fell  trees 
growing  on  slopes,  and  by  simply  shifting  the 
working  parts  into  another  frame,  it  becomes 
an  exceLlent  cross-cut  saw  for  cutting  logs  to 
length  as  they  lie  upon  the  ground.  All  the 
working  parts  are  very  simple,  and  by  the  aid 
ot  the  printed  instructions  accompanying  each 
machine,  any  man  of  ordinary  intelligence  can 
work  it. 

The  chief  advantages  claimed  for  this  ma- 
chine, are:  1.  That  it  effects  a  great  economy 
of  labor,  as  one  machine  attended  by  a  gang  of 
four  men  will  do  more  work  than  30  axmen. 
2.  That  it  effects  a  great  economy  of  timber, 
for  as  it  saws  the  tree  off  close  to  the  ground,  it 
saves  all  that  portion  of  the  tree  which  would 
be  cut  into  chips,  if  felled  with  the  ax.  3.  That 
the  ground  cleared  by  the  tree-feller  can  be  left 
absolutely  level,  for  by  simply  removing  a  sod 
four  and  one-half  inches  thick,  the  saw  works 
on  a  ground  line,  and,  consequently,  the  stumps 
do  not  obstruct  the  passage  of  carts,  etc. 
4.  That  used  as  a  cross-cut  saw,  it  will  cut  logs 
to  exact  lengths,  and  as  its  cut  is  perfectly 
square,  it  consequently  obviates  the  expense  of 
trimming  the  ends  of  lumber  in  the  mill. 

The  machine  consists  of  a  steam  cylinder  of 
small  diameter  having  a  long  stroke,  attached 
to  a  light  wrought-iron  frame,  upon  which  it  is 
arranged  to  pivot  on  its  center,  the  pivoting 
motion  being  worked  by  a  hand-wheel  turning 
a  worm,  which  gears  into  a  quadrant  cast  on 
the  back  of  the  cylinder.     The  saw  is  fixed  di- 


fixed  for  felling,  the  machine  is  merely  laid  on 
the  ground  and  set  fast  by  a  strong  screw  to  a 
trident  pointed  bar,  which  is  driven  firmly  into 
the  tree  with  a  few  blows  of  a  sledge-hammer. 
When  fixed  for  cross-cutting,  it  is  held  by  a 
hinged  dog-hook,  driven  into  the  log  close  to 
the  saw. 

The  perspective  sketch  shows  the  manner  in 
which  the  steam  tree-feller   is  applied   in  the 


for  supplying  it  with  steam.  In  places  where  a 
large  portable  engine  can  travel,  the  boiler  of 
the  same  may  be  used  for  driving  two,  three  or 
four  tree-fellers  at  once,  and  thus  one  stoker  can 
be  made  to  serve  several  machines.  Four  men 
suffice  to  work  any  size  of  tree-feller,  namely, 
one  to  operate  the  machine;  one  to  drive  the 
wedges  into  the  cut,  to  prevent  the  tree  from 
pinching  the  saw,  and  to  control  the  direction 


RANSOMES    PATENT    STEAM    TREE-FELLER-ARRANGED    FOR 


woods  for  felling  and  cross-cutting.  Steam  is 
supplied  from  a  special  boiler,  made  as  light  as 
possible,  consistent  with  sufficient  strength  to 
resist  a  working  pressure  of  100  pounds  to 
the  inch.  The  boiler  is  mounted  on  a  four- 
wheeled  carriage,  upon  which  provision  is  made 
for  carrying  the  tree-feller  with  its  hose  and 
tools.  The  boilers  are  made  with  large  fire- 
boxes for  burning  waste-wood,  etc.j  and  each 


in  which  it  falls;  one  to  stoke  the  boiler;  and  a 
fourth  to  assist  generally.  When  the  machine 
is  required  to  be  moved  from  tree  to  tree,  all 
four  men  are  available  for  that  purpose. 

The  foregoing  description  refers  more  particu- 
larly to  the  medium  sized  tree-feller,  which  will 
cut  down  any  ordinary  timber,  but  the  larger 
size,  which  fells  trees  up  to  six  feet  in  diameter, 
is  necessarily  somewhat   heavier.     It  may  be 


rich  in  mineral  resources  which  are  only  parti- 
ally productive,  owing  to  the  indisposition  of 
capitalists  to  invest  in  the  mining  industry. 
Algiers  particularly  contains  immense  mineral 
deposits,  which  have  been  but  imperfectly  in- 
spected. In  spite  of  this  Algiers  exported  dur- 
ing the  past  year  iron,  copper  and  lead  to  the 
value  of  over  6,000,000  of  francs, 
and  the  exportations  of  these  metals 
duingr  the  past  decade  are  valued  at 
over  44,500,000  francs.  This  produc- 
tion is  but  asmall  portion  of  what 
might  be  exported  were  the  mines  to 
be  developed  by  capital.  The  mines 
of  Kef-Ourn-Theboul,  Cape  Cavallo, 
in  the  province  of  Oon-stautine,  and 
of  Gar-Houban,  in  Oran,  contain  rich 
veins  of  argentiferous  galena.  An- 
timony, mercury  and  ziucare  found 
in  paying  quantities  in  El-Ham- 
memat,  Ras-el-mas,  south  of  PMlippe- 
ville,  and  in  Constantine  and  Oran. 
The  minister  corn-plains  of  lack  of  cap- 
ital and  economical  transportation,  and 
hopes    that  government    will    supply 


CROSS-CUTTING. 

the    deficiencies, 


Immigration  to  the  United  States  is  now  at 
the  rate  of  nearly  4,000  persons  per  week,  and 
steamship  companies  are  about  to  "bull"  steer- 
age rates.  ^^ 

There  are  §60,000  worth  of  marketable  beef 
in  Grant  county,  Oregon,  awaiting  buyers, 


386 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[June  14,  1879. 


TTSTTiRr^1!  1 1 

IT    PAYS 

Three  to  Four  Per  Cent,  per  day 

—  TO  — 

Cover  Boilers,  Pipes  and  Drums  with 


H .  W.  4  0  H  N  S?  fWTENjE 


tfATERIAtS; 


USB 

H.W.JOHW 

liquid  paints,  rgbfsbg,  mam  coverings, 

Steam  Packing,  Sheathlngs,  Fire  Proof  Coatings,  Cements, 

BEN3  FOR  SAMPLES,   ILLUSTRATED  PAMPHLET  AND  PRICE  LIST, 

H.W.JOHNS  MT'G  Co.,  87MAIDEN  LANE.N.Y, 

PACIFIC  COAST  BRANCH, 

FRED  M.  PATRICK,  Manager, 

S  First  Street,  San  ITranoisco. 

WASHING!  WASHING! 


Prices  Reducsd!  Prices  Reduced! 


La  Grande  Laundry, 

13th  Street,  Between  Folsom  and  Howard. 
PRINCIPAL  OFFICE, 

648  Market  Street,   S.  F. 

Office  open  from  7  A.  M.  to  9  p.  M.  Saturdays  to  11  P.  M. 
Washing  called  for  and  delivered  to  any  part  of  the  city 
free  of  charge. 

All  orders  receive  prompt  attention.  For  circular  and 
rice  List  apply  at  the  Office, 

648  Market  St.,  San  Francisco. 


CAUTION 

To  Hydraulic  Miners. 

The  public  generally  and  Hydraulic  Miners  especially 
are  hereby  notified  that  any  parties  making  or  using  the 
contrivance  known  as  the  HOSKIN  DEFLECTOR  will  be 
prosecuted  to  the  full  extent  of  the  law,  said  machine 
having  been  declared  by  the  U.  S.  Circuit  Court  an  in- 
fringement upon  my  patent,  the 

Bloomfield  Deflecting  Nozzle. 

The  public  are  also  cautioned  against  using  the  HoBkin 
Deflector  because  of  its  danger  to  .life  and  limb,  this  de 
vice  having  already  occasioned  several  deaths  and  other 
erious  accidents.  The  BLOOMFIELD  DEFLECTOR  is 
entirely  safe,  its  two  and  a  half  years  use  without  acci- 
dent, as  well  as  its  construction,  proves  it  to  be  a  reliable 
contrivance. 

Any  parties  wishing  to  purchase  the  right  to  use  these 
Deflectors  can  do  bo  by  applying  to  the  undersigned, 

HENRY  C.  PERKINS, 
North  Bloomfield,  Nevada  Co.,  Cal.,  Octo- 
ber 1st,  1878. 


Diamond    Drill    Co. 

The  undersigned,  owners  of  LESCHOT'S  PATENT 
■for  DIAMOND  POINTED  DRILLS,  now  brought  to  the 
highest  state  of  perfection,  are  prepared  to  fill  orders 
for  the  IMPROVED  PROSPECTING  AND  TUNNELING 
DRILLS,  with  or  without  power,  at  short  notice,  and 
at  reduced  prices.  Abundant  testimony  furnished  of 
the  great  economy  and  successful  working  of  numerous 
machines  in  operation  in  the  quartz  and  gravel  mines 
on  this "  coast.  Circulars  forwarded,  and  full  infor- 
mation given  upon  application. 

A.  J.  SEVERANCE  &  CO. 
Office,  No.  320  Sansome  street,  Room  10. 


PACIFIC    POWER    CO. 

Room  with  steam  power  to  let  in  the 
Pacific  Power  Co.'s  new  brick  building, 
Stevenson  street,  near  Market.  Eleva- 
tor in  building.  Apply  at  the  Com- 
pany's office,  314  California  street. 


PETERSON  &  0LSS0N, 

MODEL    MAKERS. 

INVENTORS 

Will  find  it  to  their  advantage  to  call  on  us  at  328  BUSH 
STREET,  bet.  Montgomery  and  Kearny  (up-stairs,)  S.  F, 

Take  the  Paper  that  stands  by  your  in- 
terests. 


if!    RUSSELL'S  AMALGAMATOR. 


11 .'         ^  -  . 


Patented  June  25ch,  1878. 


SAVE    YOTTIR,    GOLD 
And    Also    SAVE    YOUR    QUICKSILVER. 

The  above  Washer  and  Amalgamator  with  new  patent  Wire  Bridge  Quicksilver  Boxes  attached,  can  be  worked 
wet  or  dry,  either  by  hand,  steam,  horse  or  water  power,  and  is  easily  taken  apart  and  packed.  For  washing  Pulp, 
Earth,  Gravel,  Mill  Tailings  or  Black  Sand,  it  ia  without  a  rival. 

Has  been  Thoroughly  Tested  and  given  Complete  Satisfaction. 


The  entire  Lining,  Hanging  Plates,  Riffles  and  Boxes  Amalgamated 

IS    GUARANTEED    TO   SAVE    THE    FINEST    OR    FLOAT    GOLD. 

Capacity,  30  to  60  tons  per  day,  according  to  size.    For  further  particulars  apply  to 

J.  MORIZIO,  Gen'l  Agt., 

Room  24,  Safe  Deposit  Building,  Corner  Montgomery  and  California  Streets,  SAN  FRANCISCO. 


PATENT 


no  m 


Prevents  Lead  Poisoning 
and  Salivation* 

INVALUABLE  to  those  engaged  in  Dry  Crushing1 
Quartz  Mills,  Quicksilver  Mines,  Guano 
Works,  White  Lead  Corroding1,  Feeding 
Threshing  Machines  and  all  occupations  where  the 
surrounding  atmosphere  is  filled  with  dust,  obnoxious 
smells  or  poisonous  vapors.  The  Respirators  are  sold 
subject  to  approval  after  trial,  and  if  not  satisfactory  the 
price  will  b«' refunded.  Price  $3  each,  or  $30  per 
dozen.    Sent  post-paid  to  any  address  upon  receipt  of  price 

SETH  MARSHALL,  Jr.,  Agent, 

309  California  Street.   San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Send  for  Descriptive  Circulars  containing;  testimonials 
of  well-known  parties  who  are  at  present  using  them. 


In  consequence  of  spurious  imitations  of 

LEA    AND    PERRINS5    SAUCE, 

.  which  are  calculated  to  deceive  the  Public,  Lea  and  Perrins 
have  adopted  A  NEW  LABEL,  bearing  their  Signature, 
thus, 

which  is  placed  on  eve*y  bottle  of  WORCESTERSHIRE 
SA  UCE,  and  without  which  none  is  genuine. 

Ash  for  LEA  <V  PERRINS'  Sauce,  and  see  Name  on  Wrapper,  Label,  Bottle  and  Stopper. 
Wholesale  andforJZxport  by  the  Proprietors,  Worcester  ;  Crosse  a?id  Blackwell,  London, 
&c.t  &c;  and  by  Grocers  and  Oilmen  throv  -hout  the  Wo7-ld. 

To  be  obtained  of  CROSS  &  CO..  San  Francisco. 


D.  F.  HUTCHINGS. 


D.  M.  DUNNE. 


J.  SANDERSON 


iFHicEisrix:  oil  "wo:r,:kis7 

HVTCHINGS    &    CO., 

OIL    and    COMMISSION    MERCHANTS, 

Manufacturers  and  Dealers  in  Sperm,  Whale,  Lard,  Machinery  and  Illuminating  Oils. 
617    FRONT    STREET     SAN    FRANCISCO. 


J.  S.  PHILLIPS,  m.  e., 

Consulting  Engineer  §  Metallurgist, 
Examiner  of  Mines  and  Assayer, 

702    CALIFORNIA     STREET, 
o/—  -mo —  San  Francisco.  ■ 


The  Explorers',  Miners' and  Metallurgists'  Companion, 

672  pages,  83  Illustrations,  (2d  Edition.)    Price §  10  50 

The  Prospector's  "  Wee  Pet "  Assayer,  (Patented) 100  00 

The  Testing  Machine  for  Gold,  Silver,  Lead,  etc 40  00 

The  "Little  Wonder"  Self-calculating  Sample  and 

Button  Weigher,  (Patented) 25  00 

Blow-pipists*  Pocket  Laboratory  of  T00I3,  Fluxes,  etc.    B0  00 

Vest  Pocket  Blowpipe 3  00 

CHARGES—  Assaying,  §3;  Testing,  §2  per  metaL    , 

Assaying  and  Testing  Taught. 

C.  C.  Bitner's  Apparatus  for  Obtaining1  Met- 
allic Copper  from  its  Solutions. 
Patented  March  18th,  1879.  Will  precipitate  with  steam  in 
three  hours,  requiring  no  machinery  to  run  it.  Cost  of  con- 
structing apparatus,  §75.  The  old  cylinder  process  takes 
four  hours  to  precipitate  and  costs  from  SI, 200  to  §1,500  to 
construct,  besides  the  machinery  to  run  it.  For  right  to  use 
my  Precipitator  address  C.  C.  BITNER,  Spenceville,  Ne- 
vada County.  California. 

FOR  SALE.— 16-horse  Engine  8-inch  by  16-inch 
bore,  with  20-horse  boiler.  Hot  water  pump.  Every- 
thing necessary  to  set  it  to  running.  Price,  $1,000,  At 
Jackson's  Agricultural  Machine  Works,  S.  E.  corner  6th 
and  BluxonieSts.,  San  Francisco. 


WANTED-$10,000. 

For  §10,000  cash  in  hand  I  will  give  a  one-half  interest 
in  the  BLUE  JAY  and  ELEPHANT  QUARTZ  mines, 
situated  in  the  French  Creek  Mining  District,  Siskiyou 
County,  Cal.  And  I  will  take  or  give  a  lease  on  said 
mines,  and  pay  or  receive  eight  per  cent,  on  the  amount 
invested.  For  further  particulars  apply  to  H.  C.  Cory, 
Etua  Mills,  Siskiyoti  County,  California. 


B 


PALACE  T1 
ESTAURANl-G09dLiv^at 


This  elegant  and  spa 
cious  ffl.  F.  Restaurant 
has  been  re-opened  with 
superior  bill  of  fare  dai- 


Reduced  Prices 


218  Sansome  St. 


ly,  and  is  now  the  best 

andmoBt  popular  diniDg 

^ ■■— ^™«^^  saloon  on  thiB  Coast. 
[Lunch  ready  at  10  A.  M,]  Resident  business  men  and  visi- 
tors from  abroad  will  fee  wise  in  giving  this  place  an  early 
oall.    Examine        of  fare  and  prices. 

HERMAN  H.  HORST,  Prop'r. 


Engraving. 


Superior  Wood  and  Metal  Engrav- 
ing, Electrotyping- and  Stereotyp- 
ing done  at  the  office  of  the  Mining 

and  Scientific  Press,  San  Francisco,  at  favorable  rates. 

Send  stomp  for  our  circular  and  samples. 


biiK3  Rectory. 


WM.   BARTLrNQ.  HENRY  KIMBALL 

BARTLING    &    KIMBALL, 
BOOKBINDERS, 

Paper  Rulers  &  Blank  Book  Manufacturers. 
505  Clay  Street,(southwest  corner  Sansome), 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 


San  Francisco  Cordage  Company. 

Established    1856. 

"We  have  just  added  a  large  amount  of  new  machinery  of 
the  latest  and  most  improved  kind,  and  are  again  prepared 
to  fill  orders  for  Rope  of  any  special  lengths  and  sizes.  Con- 
stantly on  hand  a  large  Btock  of  Manila  Rope,  all  sizes: 
Tarred  Manila  Rope;  Hay  Rope;  "Whale  Line,  etc  ,  etc, 
TUBBS  &  CO., 
611  and  613  Front  Street,  San  Francisco 


JOHN    A.    CHURCH, 
MINING    ENGINEER, 

COLUMBUS,  OHIO. 

C.    L.   GILLBR, 
SEAL    ENGRAVER    AND    DIE    SINKER, 

No.  430  MONTGOMERY  STREET,  S.  F. 

The  beat  Work  done  on  the  meet,  reasonable  terms  on 
the  Coast. 


Boswell  Fruit  Drier. 

Operated  bv_D*  fleeted  Heat. 

STANDARD    SIZE, 


Capacity,  500  lbs. 
PRICE,  $75. 

A  Cheap  and  handy  Drying 
Machine,  within  the  reach  of 
every  farmer  and  fruit-raiser, 
with  which  they  can  dry  their 
own  fruits  at  home,  without 
extra  help  and  at  very  small 
expense  .Fruit  can  be  taken 
dead  ripe  and  successfully 
dried  in  the  Boswell,  because 
tbo  atmosphere  in  which  it  is 
dried  is  heated  by  deflected 

HEAT  AND  RETAINS  ALL  THE  OXYGEN  IN  ITS  PURE  STATE, 

which  is  as  essential  for  preserving  the  fruit  as  for  its  growth 
a  id  maturity  on  the  tree;  besides,  the  entire  nutriment  and 
flavor  are  retained.  Fruit  dried  in  the  Boswell  will  gain  from 

20    TO    40   PER.     CENT.    IN    WEIGHT    and   30   PER    CENT.  IN 

quality  over  any  other  method.        Also, 

COMMERCIAL    DRIERS, 

With  capacity  for  drying  from  1,000  to  4,000  pounds,  at 
special  rates.       Also 

Boswell's  Heater,  Cooker  and  Drier 

Combined  for  family  use.    And 

Boswell's  Pure  Air  Heater, 

In  cabinet,  iron  or  marble  case,  any  size,  for  heating  public 
Buildings,  Hotels,  Halls,  School  Houses,  Churches,  Hospi- 
tals, Railroad  Cars,  Stores,  Offices,  Private  Residences,  etc. 
Will  heat  evenly  the  entire  building  with  PURE  AIR,  and 
with  one-third  the  quantity  of  FUELrequired  in  any  other 
Heater.        Send  for  price  list  and  circulars  to  the 

BOSWELL  PURE  AIR  HEATER  CO., 

No.  608  Montgomery  Street,  San  Francisco. 


BOESCH'S   PATENT 


Hydraulic,   Mining  and  Locomotive  Head 
Lights.    The  Best  and  Cheapest. 

Pacific    Lamp    and    Reflector    Factory, 

560  MISSION  ST.,  SAN  FRANCISCO. 


LER0Y  W.  FAIRCHILD'S 

GOLD  PENS  AND  PENCILS 

These  Pens  received  the  Gold  Medal  at  the  late 
Paris  Exposition.     Tiny  are  the  best  in  the 
World.    Every  Pen  Warranted.    Inquire  for 
Fairchild's  Pens,  and  take  no  other. 
For  Sale  by  your  Stationer. 

H.  S.  CROCKER  &  CO-,  Cenl.  Agents. 


Good  land  that  will  raise  a  crop  every 
year.  Over  14,000  acreB  for  sale  in  lots  io 
suit.  Climate  healthy.  No  drouths,  bad 
muw  w  ■  *  ■  wmr  floods,  nor  malaria.  Wood  and  water 
convenient,  U.  S.  Title,  perfect.  Send  Btamp  for  illus- 
trated circular,  to  EDWARD  FRISBIE,  Proprietor  of 
Reading  Ranch,  Anderson,  Shasta  Comity,  CaL . 


LAND 


June  14,  1879.J 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


387 


Metallurgy  apd  Qreg. 

Nevada    Metallurgical    Works, 

No.  23   STEVENSON  STREET. 
Near  Pint  and  Harkct  Street* 

Orea  worked  by  any  process. 
Ores  sampled. 

AsuAYina  in  all  its  branches. 
Analysis  of  Ores,  Minerals,  Waters,  etc. 
Working  tests  made. 

Plans  furnished  for  the  most  suitable  process 
lor  working  Ores. 

Special  attention  paid  to  Examinations  of 
Minea;  plans  and  reports  furnished. 

E.  HTJHN, 

C.  A.  LUCKHARDT, 
Mining  Engineers  and  Metallurgists 

JOHN  TAYLOR  &  CO., 

Importer*  of  and  Dealers  In 

ASSAYERS'  MATERIALS, 

CHEMICAL  APPARATUS  AND  CHEMICALS,  DRUU- 
GISTS'  GLASSWARE  AND  SUNDRIES,  Etc. 

612  &  518  Washington  St.,  San  Francisco 

We  would  call  the  special  attention  of  Asas-ytn,  Chera 
Ists,  Mining  Companies.  Milling  Companies,  Prospectors, 
etc.,  to  our  stock  of  Clay  Crucibles,  Muffles,  Dry  Cups! 
etc. ,  manufactured  by  the  Patent  Plumbago  Cruci- 
ble Co.,  of  London,  England,  for  which  we  have 
been  made  Sole  Agmta/or  the  Pacific  Coast.  Circulars 
with  prices  will  be  sent  upon  application. 

Also,  to  our  large  and  well  adapted  stock  of 

Assayers'  Materials  &  Chemical  Apparatus, 

Having  been  engaged  in  furnishing  these  supplies  since 
the  first  discovery  of  mines  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 

XarOur  Gold  and  Silver  Tables,  Bhowing  the  value  per 
ounce  Troy  at  diflerent  degrees  of  fineness,  aud  valuable 
tables  for  computation  of  assays  in  grains  aud  grammes, 
will  be  sent  free  upon  application. 

JOHN    TAYLOR    &    CO. 


LEOPOLD   KUH, 

(Formerly  of  the  U  S.  Branch  Mint,  S.  P.) 

Assayer   and    Metallurgical    Chemist, 

No.  611  COMMERCIAL  STREET, 
(Between  Montgomery  and  Kearny,) 

San  Francisco,  Cal. 


The   Miners'    Assay   Office, 

N.   E.   Corner  of  the   Plaza. 
PRESCOTT,       ---.       ARIZONA. 

Aasaya  of  Silver,  81.50.    Gold  and  Silver,   32.    Other  Ores 
at  corresponding  rates.    AU  assays  guaranteed. 
Gold  and  Silver  melted  into  Bars.     Working  Tests  made. 
iSTiMines  examined,  sales  negotiated,  etc. 

W.  H.  WILLISCRAPT, 
P.  O.  Bo»  153.  Preseott,  Arizona. 

THOS.   PRICE'S 

Assay    Office    and    Chemical 
Laboratory, 

624  Sacramento  St..  S.  F. 


S.  F.  Debtken.  Wm.  E.  Smith. 

PIONEER  REDUCTION  WORKS, 

Channel  Street,  off  foot  of  Fourth,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Highest  price  paid  for  Sulphurets,  Arseniurets.  Tellurides 
and  Gold  Ores  generally. 

Careful  attention  paid  to  practical  working  tests  on  a 
large  scale  of  Gold-bearing  Quartz  and  ores  of  a  refractory 
and  sulphureted  nature. 

Will  examine,  report  on,  and  survey  mining  properties. 

METALLURGICAL    WORKS, 
STRONG   &    CO.,   10  Stevenson  Street, 

ORES  SAMPLED,  TESTED,  ASSAYED. 


GUIDO     KUSTEL, 

MINING  ENGINEER  and  METALLURGIST. 

P.    O     AddreBB:    ALAMEDA,     CAL. 

ROCK     DRILLS. 
One  or  three  Burleigh  Drills, 

Tunnel  size.    Good  as  new.   Ready  for  use, 
FOR  SALE  VERY   LOW. 

320  Sansome  St.,  Boom  22,  San  Francisco. 

F.  MOORECROFT, 

Stone  Seal  Engraver 

THURLOW    BLOCK, 

Room  33,  126  Kearny  St.,  Cor.  Sutter,  San  Francisco. 


'Goats  of  Arms,  Crests,  Monograms  and  Ma- 
sonic Inscriptions  Carefully  Engraved. 


ELECTRIC   LIGHT. 

BRUSH    PATENT. 
The  Best,  Cheapest,  Cleanest,  and  Most  Powerful  Light  in  the  World. 

In  daily  use  at  the  Palace  Hotel  and  the  Union  Iron  Works.  S.  F. 


Patent?  i 


OBTAINED  IN  U.  8.  AND  FOREIGN 
COUNTRIES;  trademarks,  labels  and  copy, 
rights  registered  through  DEWEY  &  00/8 
Mining  amd  Scientific  Pbems  Patent 
Agency,  San  Francisco.  Bend  for  free  circular 


Parties  desiring  Electric  Light  for  Halls,  Shops,  Docks,  Mills, 
Streets  and  Mines,  are  invited  to  send  us  full  particulars  regarding 
the  buildings,  rooms  or  places  to  be  lighted,  including  dimensions, 
character  of  walls  and  ceilings,  amount  of  available  power  and  its 
location,  amount  of  light  now  used,  character  of  work  being  done, 
length  of  time  light  will  be  needed  continuously,  etc. 

With  these  items  before  us,  we  will  make  a  proposition  to  furnish 
a  COMPLETE  OUTFIT  OF  ELECTRIC  LIGHT,  put  it  in  perfect 
working  order  and  guarantee  itB  success  and  permanence.     Address  all  communications, 

S.  F.  TELEGRAPH  SUPPLY  CO , 

WM.    KERR,    President, 

San   Francisco,   Cal. 


Ingersoll  Rock  Drills. 


In  use  in   the    largest   and  best 
Mines  of  the  Coast. 

HAS    AUTOMATIC  FEED. 

Has  less  Repairs. 

Is  Lighter  and  more  Easily  Ad- 
justed than  any  other  Drill. 
Our  DRY  AIR  COMPRESSORS  are  the  most  Economical  Compressors  in  the  Market. 

MINERS'  HORSE-POWER. 

This  Power  is  especially  adapted  to  working  mini's,  hoist 
ing  coal  or  building  material,  etc.  It  will  do  the  work  of  a 
Steam  Engine  with  one-tenth  the  expense.  One  Horse  ca 
easily  hoist  oyer  1,000  pounds  at  a  depth  of  600  feet. 

The  Power  is  mainly  built  of  wrought  iron,  and  cannot  he 
affected  by  exposure.  The  hoisting-drum  is  thrown  out  of 
gear  by  the  lever,  while  the  load  is  held  in  place  with  a  brake 
by  the  man  tending  bucket.  The  frame  of  the  Power  is 
bolted  to  bed-timbers,  thus  avoiding  all  frame  work.  When 
required  these  Powers  are  made  in  sections  for  packing. 

REYNOLDS,   RIX   &  CO.,  18  &  20  Fremont  St.,  San  Francisco. 


SANDERSON  BROS.  &  GO.'S 

Best  Refined.  Cast-Steel. 

Warranted  Most  Superior  for  Drills,  Hammers,  Etc. 

A  full  and   complete  stock  of  this  reliable  and  well-known 
brand  of  Steel,  for  mining  and  other  uses,  now  in  stock  and  for  sale 

At  No.  417  Market  St.,  S.  F.,  -   H.  D.  Morris,  Agent. 


FRANCIS  SMITH  &  CO., 


oo 


Manufacturers  of 


€/> 


THE?  patent  channel  iron  wheelbarrows,  m 

THE  STRONGEST  BARROW  MADE.     These  Barrows  are  made  by  Superior   Workmen,  and  ■ 

of  the  best  material.    All  aizeB  kepi  constantly  on  hand.  —  -. 

SHEET   IRON    PIPE.  c? 

Lap-Welded  Pipe>  all  Sizes,  from  Three  to  Six  Inches.    Artesian  Well  Pipe.  SC 

Also,  Galvanized  Iron  Boilers,  fr  m  25  to  lOO  Gallons. 

Iron  Cut,  Punched,  and  Formed  for  makinp  Pipe  on  ground,  where  required.    All  kinds  of  Tools  "13 

supplied  6>r  ranking  Pipes     Estimates  given  when  required.     Are  prepared  fur  coating  all  size  of  ^— - 

Pipes  wiU»  a  composition  of  Coal  Tar  and  Asphaltum.  W 

Office  and  Manufactory,  130  Beale  Street,  San  Francisco.  I"1"1 


Machinery. 


GOLD  AND  SILVER 

Grinding  and  Amalgamating 
MACHINERY. 

Stamp  Mill-,  Rock  Breakers.  Crashing  Rolls.  Amalgama- 
ting Pans  and  Separators  i.'ii;,,M  ^nd  Silver  Ores.  Chloro- 
dlxing  Erurnaccn.  K..-t'>rN.  Kuck  Drills.  Air  Uumpressora,  Steel 

si, net  mill  [);.«  i , ,t  M.unj,*,  and  every  description  of  Mine 
and  Mill  Supplies. 


SFEERY'S 

Wrought-Iron    Frame 

FOR    STAMP    MILLS. 

Great  saving  in  time  and  money  over  the  wood  frame.  Is 
made  complete  with  wi  ought-iron  frame  ready  to  put  upon 
the  foundation,  requiring  no  skilled  millwright.  These  mills 
are  unsurpassed  in  excellence  in  every  paitlcular 

We  are  furnishing  ah  the  Machinery  for  a  10-Stamp  Gold 
Mill,  including  Crucible.  Steel  .Shoes  and  DieB,  Boiler  and 
Engine,  Counter  Shafting,  Pulleys,  etc.,  Stamps  weighing 
150  lbs.  each,  with  Copper  Tlate  inside  of  the  Mortars,  and 
for  tables  outside,  making  all  the  Machinery  complete  for  a 
ID-Stamp  Mill  for  the  sum  of 

S2.250. 

We  construct  Mills  with  Stamps  weighing  from  350  to  900 
lbs.  for  gold  r  Silver  Ores.  Wet  or  dry  Crushing  Mortars. 
Will  contract  to  erect  complete  Gold  aud  Silver  Mills  on  the 
most  improved  plana  We  have  'SO  years'  experience  in  min- 
ing and  milling  Gold  and  Silver  Ores,  and  cau  compete  with 
the  world.    Send  for  a  circular.    AddreBS 

MOREY  &  SPEREY, 

No.  145  Broadway,       -       -       NEW  YORK. 


J.    TnOMBON. 

THOMSON 


C.  II.  Evans 


&   EVANS, 

(Successors  to  Thomson  &  Parker.)] 

Engineers  and  Machinists. 


Steam  Pumps,  Steam  Engines,  Hoisting, 

Pumping,  Quartz  Mill,  Mining,  Saw 

Mill  Machinery,  Specialties. 

Plansand  Specifications  for  Machinery  furnished.    Re- 
pairing promptly  attended  to. 

110  &  112  Beale  St.,  San  Francisco. 


THE  IMPROVED  O'HARRA 

OHLORIDIZING  FURNACE. 

Patented  Sept.  10th,  1878. 

Now  in  Operation  at  the  Extra  Mining  Co. 'e 
Works,  Copper  City,  Shasta  Co.,  Cal. 

Two  men  and  two  cords  of  wosd  roast 

Forty  Tons  of  Ore  in  Twenty-four  Hours, 

Giving  a  full  chlorination  (100%)  at  a  cost  of  30  cents  per 
on.    Address, 

O'HARRA    &    FERGUSON, 
Fumaceville,  Shasta  Co.,  Cal 

Or  CHAS.  W.  CRANE,  Agent, 

Room  10,  Safe  Deposit  Building,  Son  FranclnCO. 


Dewey  &  Coi^l^Patent  Ag'ts 


388 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[June  14,  1879. 


Continued  from  page  381. 


are  opened  up  a  trifle  more  there  will  be  a  big  excitement 
about  the  camp. 

rraus.  —The  Paradise  eomnany  nave  20  men  at  work 
sinking  winze  from  2d  to  3d  level.  This  winze  will  open 
the  ledge  109  ft  between  the  levels;  1.600  tons  of  ore  now 
await  the  completion  of  the  mill.  The  Big  Prize  is  pro- 
ducing considerable  rich  ore;  125  tons  which  will  work 
about  S200  to  the  ton  have  been  extracted  m  the  past 
three  weeks.  The  Bullion  has  suspended  work  for  the 
present.  Building  an  ore  road.  Plenty  of  ore  in  sight. 
The  Gulch  ledge  is  producing  some  very  rich  ore.  A  ver- 
tical shaft,  60  ft  deep  has  been  sunk,  cutting  the  ledge  at 
that  depth.  A  rich  strike  has  been  made  in  the  Rattler, 
45  ft  from  the  'surface.  Ore  streak  one  foot  thick,  aver- 
aging S267  per  ton.  The  Sedan  mill  is  running  steadily, 
and  working  oreB  up  to  80%  of  their  assay  value. 

ARIZONA. 

ST0S7.WAL1.—  Silver  Belt,  June  4:  The  Stonewall  mill, 
although  running  but  five  hours  out  of  the  24,  in  con- 
sequence of  the  scarcity  of  water,  is  turning  out  bullion 
at  the  rate  of  £200  per  hour.  We  think  it  will  not  be 
long  before  a  full  supply  of  water  will  be  obtained,  and 
aB  the  ore  is  abundant,  the  mill  will  then  run  on  full  time. 

Copfek  Mise.— Probablv  the  largest  and  richest  copper 
mine  in  the  world,  exists  in  Yavapai  county.  It  is  said 
to  be  a  solid  wall  18  ft  wide  and  a  mile  long,  and  of  great 

COLORADO. 

Leadville.— Denver  Tribune,  June  4:  Nearly  every  ft 
of  land  is  being  prospected,  and  miners'  cabins  may  be 
found  on  every  hand.  On  Carbonate  bill,  since  the  Pendry 
strike,  there  has  been  prospecting  going  on  in  every  pos- 
sible direction,  and  some  of  the  holes  are  very  promising 
One  can  stand  near  the  foot  of  the  hill,  just  above  the 
city  and  count  no  less  than  30  prospect  holes  and  mines 
on  the  west  Bide  of  the  hill  alone,  many  of  which  have 
been  started  since  the  Pendry  strike  was  announced,  a 
month  a"0  This  last  mentioned  mine  offers  to  be  one  of 
the  best°  in  the  camp.  The  ore  is  high  grade,  easily 
mined,  and  is  found  in  laree  quantities.  It  closely  reeem- 
bles  the  ore  found  in  the  New  Discovery  and  in  the  Pitts- 
burg group  generally.  The  discovery  of  this  deposit  so 
far  below  any  other  pay  streak  yet  found  upon  this  hill, 
has  put  nearly  all  the  mining  experts  at  fault.  With  but 
few  exceptions  they  have  all  held  that  there  was  but  one 
deposit  or  stratum',  if  you  please,  of  these  peculiar  ores, 
and  when  once  past  the  "contact,"  it  was  useless  to  ex- 
amine farther.  The  Pendry  lies  within  500  ft  of  the  Cres- 
cent, running  at  right  angles,  or  nearly  so  to  that  claim, 
and  about  30  ft  in  a  vertical  line  lower  down  the  hill.  The 
deepest  workings  of  the  Crescent  are  scarcely  more  than 
75  to  100  ft  below  the  surface  of  the  ground,  while  the 
Pendrv  deposit  lies  200  ft  below.  That  there  are  more  de- 
posits than  that  one  I  have  no  doubt.  That  this  deposit 
in  the  Pendry  is  not  the  same  upon  which  the  Orescent, 
Carbonate,  -Etna  and  others  are  working,  I  am  equally  as 
well  convinced.  It  is  scarcely  possible  that  such  a  break 
could  occur  in  the  Crescent  deposit  as  is  suggested  by 
some  of  the  mining  experts.  The  dip  of  the  Pendry  de- 
posit does  not  warrant  such  an  hypothesis  as  this,  but,  on 
the  contrary,  seems  plainly  to  indicate  that  the  Pendry  is 
another  and  a  distinct  deposit  from  the  upper  one,  upon 
which  the  other  mines  are  now  at  work.  If  it  shall 
eventually  turn  out  (as  I  firmly  believe  it  will)  that  there 
are  several  of  these  deposits— one  overlying  the  other- 
then  the  future  of  this  camp  is  beyond  question.  The 
character  of  the  mineral  may  change,  after  two  or  three 
layers  have  been  passed,  and  true  fissure  veins  appear  at 
a  great  distance  below  the  surface.  I  make  no  doubt  that 
before  summer  fairly  sets  in  there  will  be  20  mines  on 
Carbonate  hill  that  will  take  out  paying  mineral  in  good 
quantities.  The  cost  of  smelting  has  been  very  much  re- 
duced during  the  past  two  weeks,  so  that  ore  which  was 
of  comparatively  little  value  then  has  been  brought  into 
pay  now.  Still,  there  are  but  very  few  mines  that  will 
take  out  any  more  mineral  than  is  necessary  for  develop- 
ment, preferring  to  wait  a  more  auspicious  time,  when  the 
returns  will  be  much  greater. 

Little  Pittsburg.— The  Little  Pittsburg  silver  mining 
company,  of  Leadville,  Colorado,  have  declared  a  dividend 
of  $50  per  share,  aggregating  the  nice  sum  of  §100,000, 
payable  on  June  7th.  This  company  have  extended  this 
courtesy  five  times  before  to  stockholders,  making,  with 
the  pending  dividend,  $000,000.  Colorado  is  receiving 
more  attention  than  usual  as  a  mining  section.  Her  bul- 
lion product  for  1878  was  89,820,700,  the  largest  in  her 
history.  But  that  amount  will  probably  be  exceeded  this 
year.  Since  1S59,  it  is  estimated  that  Colorado  has  pro- 
duced over  SSI, 000,000  in  bullion. 

Important  Discovkky  at  Hillerton.—  A  short  time  ago 
a  rich  vein  was  found  about  two  miles  from  Hillerton,  on 
the  Gunnison,  by  R.  H.  Hanimil  and  others.  The  vein  ia 
a  two  and  one-half  ft  ereviee  of  virgin  or  crystallized 
quartz,  identical  with  that  found  in  California  and  Aus- 
tralia. The  ore  is  said  to  assay  §3,400  not  10  ft  from  the 
surface. 

IDAHO. 

Yankee  Fork.— World,  June  3:  John  Hepburn,  who 
came  in  from  Bonanza  City,  a  few  days  ago,  inform  us 
that  there  are  now  400  or  500  men  in  that  place,  and 
hundreds  more  are  coming.  He  predicts  that  5,000  people 
will  go  to  that  and  the  adjoining  camps  during  the  next 
two  or  three  months.  The  wagon  road  from  Challis  to 
Bonanza  City  will  be  completed  in  two  or  three  months, 
when  two  mills  will  be  shipped  to  the  latter  place. 
Men  going  to  Yankee  Fork  in  search  of  employment  will 
be  disappointed.  There  are  as  many  miners  there  now  as 
can  find  work.  A  specimen  of  ore  from  the  Norton  mine, 
in  Yankee  Fork  district,  was  worked  at  Idaho  City,  which 
weighed  just  7£  ounces,  and  yielded  about  310  in  gold. 
This  would  make  the  ore  worth  about  §10,000  per  ton. 
£Snake  River.—  Statesman,  June  5:  The  accounts  from 
Salmon  falls  are  flattering;  everyone  getting  rich  on  the 
Miles  bar.  Glenn  &  Co.  comes  next  with  a  water  ditch 
nearly  completed  on  ground  where  there  was  §4  per  day 
made  with  a  rocker.  Corker,  Parsons  &  Co.  are  getting 
an  engine  to  hoist  water  on  their  ground  below  Lewis' 
Ferry,  and  expect  to  be  running  soon.  Clark  &  Co.  are 
running  on  Cold  Spring  bar,  and  are  making  money  very 
fast.  Lang,  Snyder  &  Donohue  are  putting  up  a  machine 
on  the  ground  adjoining  Clark  &  Co,  and  will  he  running 
in  two  or  three  days.  Blackwell,  Delano  &  Glenn  have 
ordered  plating,  and  are  busy  bringing  a  ditch  on  their 
ground  from  Clark's  ditch.  There  are  parties  surveying  a 
ditch  to  bring  water  out  of  Snake  river,  on  Black  &  Co.  'a 
ground,  four  mileB  below  Cold  Spring. 

MONTANA. 

The  Gagnon.—  Mirror,  June  3:  The  Gagnon  miue,  near 
Butte,  yields  rich  ore  of  two  kinds,  viz.,  rich  free-milling 
ore  from  the  croppings  to  the  depth  of  60  ft;  then  high- 
grade,  argentiferous,  copper,  smelting  ore,  from  a  vein 
which  is  quite  narrow  in  its  upper  portions,  where  it  ap- 
proaches the  free-milling  ore  but  widens  to  an  average  of 
four  ft  in  the  lower  or  150  level.  This  mine  became  a 
heavy  dividend -paying  mine  almost  the  week  after  it  was 
opened.  Ore  has  been  taken  out  of  the  lower  level  which 
samples  30  ounces  of  silver  to  the  ton.  Although  opened 
100  ft  below  water  level,  the  mine  contains  but  little 
water. 

NEW  MEXICO. 

Itesis.— Grant  County  Herald,  May  31;  Both  mills  and 
two  new  furnaces  are  at  work.  The  week's  yield  of  silver 
is  something  over  4,000  ounces.  The  receipts  of  gold  from 
Pinos  Altos,  during  the  present  week,  exceed  the  receipts 
of  any  previous  week  during  the  past  12  months.  Exten- 
sive reduction  works,  we  are  informed,  will  be  erected  at 
Los  Cerrillos.  The  owners  of  the  Mina  del  Tiro  have  con- 
tracted to  furnish  30  tons  per  day  to  the  proposed  works 
from  that  mine,  and  as  they  have  hundreds  of  tons  of  fine 
ore  in  stope,  no  chances  of  a  lack  of  ore  to  keep  the  new 
works  in  operation  need  be  feared.  In  the  meantime,  the 
miners  can  be  developing  their  claims  with  the  assurance 
that  they  will  have  a  home  market  for  their  ores,  The 
Mina  del  Tiro  has  a  large  amount  of  ore  in  sight  that  will 
run  140  ounces  to  the  ton,  in  addition  to  an  inexhaustible 


quantity  of  lower  grade.  Two  newly-opened  mines  near 
Santa  Fe,  New  Mexico,  have  been  named,  respectively,  the 
U,  S.  Grant  and  the  Globe-Democrat.  They  are  perfect 
boomers  in  the  quantity  of  precious  metal  which  they 
yield. 

UTAH. 

Mining  Notes.—  Salt  Lake  Tribune,  June  6:  The  Ger- 
mania  smelting  and  refining  works  will  be  under  full 
headway  in  a  few  days.  A  scarcity  of  ore  has  prevented 
them  from  running  all  of  their  stacks.  The  Union  Pacific 
Express  Company  received  from  the  Christy  mill  yester- 
day, one  bar  of  bullion,  §2,169.97;  two  bars  from  the  Pio- 
neer mill,  S2.662.95;  and  six  bars  from  Park  City,  §4,488.- 
15;  total,  §9,321.C7.  Yesterday,  Wells,  Fargo  &  Co.  re- 
ceived two  bars  of  Horn  Silver  bullion,'  $4,000;  and  live 
bars  of  silver  from  Silver  Reef.  §4,613.41;  total,  §3,613.14. 
Since  our  last  report,  Warnock  &  Co.  have  received  158,- 
467  pounds  of  Horn  Silver  bullion.  Pig  lead  is  in  demand 
in  the  Salt  Lake  market.  Mr.  Scott  informs  us  that  he 
has  had  calls  for  the  past  two  weeks  for  the  article,  and 
now  has  orders  for  two  tona,  but  as  there  is  none  in  the 
market,  he  is  unable  at  present  to  supply  the  demand. 


News  in  Brief 

Mount  Etna  is  quiet. 
'  Emigration  to  Liberia  continues. 

Barley  is  $1.75  per  100  in  Maricopa,  Arizona. 

Mining  timber  in  Silver  Reef  is  quoted  at  $35 
per  M. 

San  Bernardino  complains  of  104°  in  the 
shade. 

One  thousand  six  hundred  Chinamen  expected 
on  next  steamer. 

California  peaches  sell  for  50  cents  a  pound 
in  Salt  Lake  City. 

The  St.  Gothard  tunnel  will  be  completed  by 
the  end  of  November. 

Long  suffering  crops  of  Salt  Lake  were  helped 
by  rain  on  the  6th  inst.  * 

Senator  Don  Cameron  has  1 1  acres  of  tobacco 
in  on  his  farm  at  Mariette,  Perm. 

Leadville  has  some  35  smelters,  with  a 
capacity  of  some  1,200  tons  per  day. 

The  late  fires  in  San  Diego  county  were 
caused  by  spontaneous  combustion. 

One  thousand  five  hundred  and  seventy  pris- 
oners in  San  Quentin  on  May  31st,  ult. 

A  nugget  of  gold  worth  $102  was  picked  up 
at  Prairie  Diggings  in  Grant  county,  Oregon. 

A  salt  spring  has  been  discovered  in  the  Lit- 
tle Colorado;  a  pound  of  salt  to  the  gallon  of 
water. 

Mars  and  Saturn  will  connubiate  some  time 
next  month.  The  former  will  quite  conceal  the 
latter. 

Oranges  and  strawberries  for  sale  every  day 
at  Mammoth  City,  and  natural  ice  cream  every 
night. 

Grasshoppers  continue  their  ravages  in 
Sierra  valley.  Many  farmers  have  suffered 
severely. 

Hailstones  weighing  from  five  to  twelve 
ounces  fell  thick  and  fast  at  Wichita,  Kansas, 
on  the  9th  inst. 

The  better  part  of  Silver  Reef,  Washington 
county,  Utah,  was  destroyed  by  fire  on  the  31st 
ult.     Loss  over  $250,000. 

England  has  but  one  sugar  refinery,  produc- 
ing 20  tons  of  loaf  sugar  per  annum,  while  the 
San  Francisco  refinery  produces  35  tons. 

A  famine  is  predicted  iu  Russia  by  Russian 
journals.  Cause — war,  drunkenness,  holidays, 
cattle  plague,  beetles,  marmots  and   mortgages. 

It  will  require  300  years  to  flood  the  Colo- 
rado desert,  according  to  ■  Fremont's  plan,  so 
says  a  Los  Angeles  mathematician.  We  can't 
wait.  * 

There  was  in  the  State  treasury  June  1st 
money  to  the  amount  of  $1,624,418.66.  Gold, 
$1,369,300;  silver,  $225,679.87;  legal  tenders, 
$9,43S.79. 

The  Oil  City  Derrick  states,  in  a  resume  of 
the  month  of  May  last,  that  390  wells  were 
completed  in  the  oil  regions  with  a  production 
of  9,002  barrels,  a  Blight  decline. 

The  rise  in  the  price  of  silver  has  slightly 
stimulated  the  demand  on  the  United  States 
Treasury  for  standard  silver  dollars.  The  West 
is  now  ordering  more  of  this  coinage  than  ever 
before. 

Mr,  Eads  says  that  no  dredge  boat  has  been 
used  at  the  South  pass  jetties  during  the  past 
ten  months,  all  reports  to  the  contrary  not- 
withstanding. The  channel  is  now  able  to  take 
care  of  itself. 

Freight  from  San  Francisco  to  Hong  Kong, 
by  steamer,  $6  per  ton;  distance,  7,000  miles. 
Freight  from  Oakdale  to  Sonora,  Tuolumne 
county,  by  prairie  schooner,  $15  per  ton;  dis- 
tance 35  miles. 

St.  Louis  is  to  have  a  new  museum  of  fine 
arts.  Ground  was  broken  last  week.  The 
material  to  be  used  is  stone  from  the  Bedford 
quarries  .  of  Indiana.  It  will  be  ready  for 
dedication  in  12  months.  Cost  $80,000,  a  dona- 
tion by  Mr.  Wayman  Crow.     Now,  Chicago  ! 

Bullion  Snipments. 

Since  our  last  issue,  we  have  noticed  the  fol- 
lowing bullion  shipments: 

Northern  Belle,  from  June  2d  to  June  7th, 
inclusive,  $8,794.20;  California,  June  7th,  $99,- 
022.58;  Hillside,  June  8th,  $5,400;  Ophir,  June 
7th,  $22,134.13;  Argenta,  June  9th,  $10,500; 
Independence,  June  9th,  $10,600;  Indian  Queen, 
June  2d,  4,520.05. 


New  Incorporations. 

The  following  companies  have  filed  certificates  of  incor- 
poration in  the  County  Clerk's  office  at  San  Francisco: 

Black  Rock  M.  Co.— Object:  To  mine  in  El  Dorado 
county,  Cal.  Capital,  3400,000.  Directors— John  Tipp, 
N.  T.  Root,  H.  J.  McLoire,  C.  H.  Leavitt,  C.  F.  Travero. 

Bodie  Con.  M.  Co. — Object:  To  operate  in  Mono  county, 
CaL  Capital,  §10,000,000.  Directors— C  A.  Burgess, 
John  F.  Boyd,  George  B.  McAneny,  George  W.  Sessions, 
Lewis  Teese,  Jr.,  Thomas  Bell,  William  H.  Lent, 


'AfENTSAND  INVENTIONS. 


List  of  U.  S.  Patents  Issued  to  Pacific 
Coast  Inventors. 

[From  Official  Rbports  to  DEWEY-  &  CO.  'S  Mining  and 
Scientifio  Press  Patent  Agency.] 

By  Special  Dispatch  from  Washington.  D.  C. 

For  tub  Week  Enling  Junk  Sly  .1879. 

216,140. — Hydraulic  Propeller — B.  B.  Brewer  and  B. 
B.  Ward,  Sacramento,  Cal. 

216,089— Horsk-Power—L.  Herbert antLW.  V.  Henry, 
Hicksville,  Cal. 

216,098— Door-Knob  Attachment— D.  &  T.  Morris,  S.  F. 

8,740.— Lubricator— N.  Seibert,  S.  F.  (re-issue). 

216,244.— Screw-Propbller— John  B.  Ward,  S.  F. 

216,061.— Dredqino-Scoop  Nozzle— S.  W.  Shaw,  S.  F. 

216,150.— Corset— Geo.  H.  Clark,  Portland,  Ogn. 

216,148.— Ore-Roastino  Furnace— D.  W.  Brunton,  Sil- 
ver Peak,  Nev. 

Note.— Copies  of  U.  S.  and  Foreign  Patents  furnished 
by  Dewey  &  Co.,  in  the  Bhortest  time  possible  (by  di- 
graph or  otherwise)  at  the  lowest  rates.  All  patent  busi- 
ness for  Pacific  coast  inventors  transacted  with  perfect 
security  and  in  the  shortest  possible  time. 


Notices  of  Recent  Patents. 

Among  the  patents  recently  obtained  through 
Dewey  &  Co.  's  Scientific  Press  American  and 
Foreign  Patent  Agency,  the  following  are  worthy 
of  special  mention: 

Self-Adjusting  Bracelet.  —  Wm,  A.  L. 
Miller,  S.  F.  Dated  May  27th.  This  is  a  novel 
construction  for  ladies'  bracelets,  and  consists 
in  a  means  of  adjusting  a  single  band  bracelet 
without  exposing  the  adjusting  devices,  and 
without  any  additional  catches  or  attachments. 
This  is  effected  by  constructing  the  single  band 
bracelet  with  a  hollow  slotted  cap  at  one  end, 
which  is  fitted  to  receive  the  opposite  perfora- 
ted or  notched  end  of  the  band,  and  is  provided 
with  a  means  for  securing  the  notched  or  perfo- 
rated end  at  any  point,  so  as  to  adjust  the 
bracelet  to  any  desired  size. 

Door  Knob. — D.  &  T.  Morris,  1045  Market 
St.,  S.  F.  Dated  June  3d.  This  invention  re- 
lates to  an  improved  means  of  securing  and  ad- 
justing door  knobs  on  the  spindle  which  passes 
through  the  door  and  unites  the  knobs  on  oppo- 
site sides,  and  the  improvements  consist  in  the 
employment  of  a  sleeve  which  is  fitted  to  the 
spindle  so  as  to  slide  easily  upon  it,  this  sleeve 
being  connected  with  the  knob  and  so  con- 
structed that  it  may  be  compressed  or  clamped 
upon  the  spindle  so  as  to  hold  the  knob  at  any 
desired  point,  and  fit  the  shank  upon  each  side 
of  the  door  so  that  no  washers  will  be  needed  to 
adjust  the  knobs  to  different  thicknesses  of 
doors.  No  screws  or  rivets  extending  into  the 
spindles  will  be  needed  to  attach  the  knobs. 

Roller  and  Pulverizer. — Geo.  Meding,  S. 
F.  Dated  May  27th*.  This  invention  relates 
to  that  class  of  pulverizers  or  clod  crushers 
which  are  rolled  over  the  ground,  and  by  that 
means  break  up  the  lumps  and  leave  the  soil  in 
proper  condition  for  sowing  seed.  The  im- 
provements consist  in  making  the  rollers  of  a 
series  of  four-sided  bars  placed  so  that  the  edges 
of  said  bars  strike  the  ground  and  act  more 
effectually  on  the  lumps  than  a  flat  surface  does. 
These  bars  may  be  removed  at  will  or  turned  so 
that  fresh  edges  are  presented  when  the  others 
are  worn.  The  bars  may  be  turned  four  times. 
The  small  lumps  may  pass  through  the  inter- 
stices, and  by  being  rolled  over  and  over  on  the 
sharp  edges  inside  the  roller,  are  pulverized,  and 
the  dirt  will  then  fall  through  on  to  the  ground. 

The   Wilbraham  Rotary  Piston  Pump. 

This  new  pump,  recently  perfected  by  Wil- 
braham Bros.,  of  Philadelphia,  is  a  rotary  pis- 
ton pump,  which,  for  simplicity  of  construction* 
efficiency  of  work  and  economy  of  operation,  is 
said  to  be  a  very  decided  improvement  upon 
any  pump  for  ships'  use  hitherto  perfected.  The 
editor  of  the  N.  Y.  Nautical  Gazette,  who  has 
seen  two  sizes  in  operation,  says,  "that  although 
working  under  disadvantages,  yet  their  effi- 
ciency was  demonstrated  beyond  question,  and 
demands  more  than  a  passing  notice  of  com- 
mendation. The  moving  parts  are  not  subject 
to  universal  wear  any  more  than  an  ordinary 
shaft,  under  average  conditions.  There  is  an- 
other pump  at  work  which  is  of  6£  gallons 
capacity  per  revolution,  which  runs  as  required, 
at  speeds  varying  from  50  to  175  revolutions 
per  minute,  and  delivers  more  than  its  esti- 
mated capacity  with  perfect  ease  and  noted 
economical  use  of  steam." 

The  Gazette  says  further:  "One  of  the  features 
of  this  pump  is  that  as  to  the  openings  in  the 
pumps,  and  also  the  flanges,  being  of  the  same 
diameter  the  difference  of  suction  and  delivery 
is  made  by  the  pipes  attached  to  the  pumps. 
So  that  it  is  immaterial  which  is  made  the 
suction  or  delivery,  as  this  pump  works  equally 
well  either  way;  hence  its  value  as  a  ship  pump, 
especially  in  water  ballast  ships.  These  pumps 
are  arranged  to  be  driven  either  by  belts,  gear- 
ing, or  engine  attached  to  them  direct." 

"The  Reading  railroad  steam  collier,  Achilles, 
is  fitted  with  one  of  these  pumps  of  6A  gallons 
capacity  per  revolution.  The  pump  of  the 
Achilles  is  rated  by  the  makers  as  a  6£-gallon 
pump,  and  it  is  connected  with  the  water  bot- 


tom through  a  10-inch  valve,  and  has  an  8-inch 
outboard  delivery  pipe.  The  water  bottom  ia 
154  feet  loDg,  36  feet  wide  at  its  top,  and  3£  to 
the  keel,  and  when  full  its  water  capacity  is 
rated  at  350  tons,  although  it  is  never  com- 
pletely filled.  The  pump  ia  driven  by  a  9x9 
vertical  engine,  and  in  port,  the  donkey  boiler, 
carrying  40  pounds  of  steam,  is  used  to  dis- 
charge the  water  ballast;  and  with  25  inches 
depth  of  water  under  the  engine  room,  this 
lowers  the  water  10  inches  in  8  minutes,  and 
has  done  even  better  than  this.  "When  the 
steamer  is  under  way,  the  pump  is  used  to  cir- 
culate the  water  through  the  condenser,  the 
steam  being  from  25  to  28  pounds  pressure, 
furnished  from  the  main  boiler.  These  facts, 
we  have  obtained  from  Mr.  John  L.  Howard, 
superintendent  of  the  Reading  R.  R.  Co.  col- 
liers, and  can,  of  course,  be  relied  on  as  authen- 
tic data. 

"Mr.  Howard,  General  Superintendent  of  the 
Reading  Railroad  Company's  coal  piers  and 
collieries  at  Port  Richmond,  pronounces  the 
Wilbraham  rotary  piston  pump  by  far  superior 
to  any  appliance  of  its  kind  he  has  ever  tried, 
and  he  has  tried  almost  every  kind  of  pump  in 
the  fleet  of  13  steamers,  which  he  handles  with 
remarkable  skill  and  wonderful  economy.  Any 
appliance  which  is  adapted  for  the  use  pf  these 
vessels  must  be  of  the  highest  standard  of  merit, 
as  to  capacity  of  action  and  economy  of  working. 
Hence  we  look  upon  his  endorsement  as  satis- 
factory proof  of  its  value."  One  of  these  pumps 
has  lately  been  brought  to  this  coast,  and  can 
be  seen  by  those  interested  at  the  office  of  J.  C. 
Senderling,  51  Fremont  street. 

Personal. — Our  well-known  botanical  con 
tributor,  Prof.  J.  G.  Lemmon,  has,  we  learn, 
turned  his  face  toward  the  south  en  route  for 
San  Bernardino,  in  search  for  new  plant  treas- 
ures. Prof.  Lemmon  is  one  of  our  most  enthusi- 
astic and  tireless  investigators,  aud  it  is  fair  to 
presume  that  the  world  will  know  more  of  San 
Bernardiuo  after  his  visit. 


Fresh  attractions  are  constantly  added  to  Wood- 
ward's Gardens,  amonsr  which  is  Prof.  Gruber's  great 
educator,  the  Zoographicon.  Each  department  increases 
daily,  and  the  Pavilion  performances  are  more  popular 
than  ever.  AH  new  novelties  find  a  place  at  this  wonder- 
ful rosort.     Prices  remain  as  usual. 


Sample  Copies, — Occasionally  we  send  copies  of  this 
paper  to  persons  who  we  believe  would  be  benefited  by 
subscribing'  for  it,  or  willing  to  assist  us  in  extending  its 
circulation.  We  call  the  attention  of  such  to  our  pros- 
pectus and  terms  of  subscription,  and  request  that  they 
circulate  the  copy  sent. 


How  to  Stop  this  Paper.— It  is  not  a  herculean  task  to 
stop  this  paper.  Notify  the  publishers  by  letter.  If  it 
comes  beyond  the  time  desired  you  can  depend  upon  it  we 
do  not  know  that  the  subscriber  wants  it  stopped.  So 
he  sure  and  send  us  notice  by  letter. 


Settlers  and  others  wishing  good  farming  lands  for 
sure  crops,  are  referred  to  Mr.  Edward  Frisbie,  of  Ander- 
son, Shasta  County,  Cal.,  who  hassome  15,000  acres  for 
sale  in  the  Upper  Sacramento  valley.  His  advertisement 
appears  from  time  to  time  in  this  paper. 


Experimental  Machinery,  drawings,  patterna,  models, 
all  kinds  of  electrical  and  telegraphic  apparatus  to  order. 
See  ad.     F.  W.  Fuller,  415  Market  St..  second  floor,  S.  F. 


Chew  Jackson's  Best  Sweet  Navy   Tobacco 


METALS. 

[wholesale. 

Wkdnkhday  m.,  June  4,  1879. 

Iron.— 

American  Pig,  soft,  ton...  23  00  @26  00 

Scotch  Pig,  ton 25  50  @26  50 

American  White  Pig,  ton 23  00  @ 

Oregon  Pig.  ton 20  50  (j? 

Refilled  Bar 2j@       3i 

Horse  ShoeB,  keg 5  00  @ 

Nail  Rod -&»       7 

Norway,  according  to  thickness 6J@       7 

Copper.— 

Sheathing,  lb 34  @     35 

Sheathing,  Yellow 19  @      20 

Sheathing,  Old  Yellow —  @- 

Eugl'iflh  Cast,  ft> 16  @      17 

Black  Diamond,  ordinary  sizes 16  @ 

Drill 16  @     17 

Flat  Bar 16  @     19 

Plow  Steel 8  @ 

Tin  Plates.— 

10x1410  Charcoal 8J@       9 

10x14  I  C  Coke 7  @       7i 

BancaTIn 18  (*—  20 

Australian 15i@      17 

Zino.— 

By  the  Cask 9  @ 

Zinc,  Sheet  7x3  ft.  7  to  10,  lb,  less  than  cask. .  9j@—  10 

Nails.— 

Assorted  sizes 2  90@3  00 


Gold,    Legal   Tenders,    Exchange,   Etc. 

[Corrected  Weekly  by  Sdtro  &  Co.] 

San  Francisco,  June  4,  2  p.  m. 

Silver  85@50. 

Gold  Barb,  890@910.  Silver  Bass,  8@19  $  cent,  dis- 
count. 

Exchange  on  New  York,  20,  on  London  bankers,  49i@ 
40!  Commercial.  50;  Paric,  five  francs  $  dollar;  Mexican 
dollars,  89i@90J. 

LONDON  Consols,  97  1-16;  Bonds  (4%).  105. 

QuTOKsrLVKR  in  8.  V..  by  the  flank.  $1  lb.  36a 


W.    BRUCKNER, 
Mining    Engineer, 

Will  Contract  for  the  erection  of 

MILLS,    ROASTING    FURNACES,     SMELTING     FUR- 
NACES, AMALGAMATING  WORKS, 

—  ALSO  — 

LEACHING  WORKS, 

■With  all  the  Latest  Improvements.  Address 

STATE  ASSAY   OFFICE, 

Safe  Deposit  Building,  Room  16,  San  Francteco, 


June  14,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


389 


ftf ipipg  and  Other  Copipapies. 


Persona  Interested  In  incorporated  shares 
will  do  well  to  recommend  the  publication 
of  the  official  notices  of  their  companies 
In  this  paper,  as  the  cheapest  appropriate 
medium  for  the  same. 


Gover  Mining  and   Milling   Company.— 

Location   of   |>rinci|>al   place  of  bu»me<ui.  San   Fraiicfnco. 

(.'aliform  -t   wurk.11,    near   Dr>towa,    Amador 

County,  California. 

JfbtlMll  Ix-n-liy  Kiven  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees,  hold  on  ft'edm-mlay,  th"  tmmty  ttr»t  day  ol  May, 
1879.  an  iwcMineut  {No.  3i)  of  Fifty  Cents  i"-T  share  was 
levied  upon   the   capital   stock   o(  the  OOtpontlOB,  payuhle 

immetllately  in  fold  coin  or  loss!  oumneg  of  th«  united 
the  HecreUtry  »*  tho  oiHce  of  tin-  Uomptuj,  Boom 
8.  No  wi  Krocrt  street,  Ban  Pnudaoo,  f'^iifornla. 

Any  st'-ck  ui»hi  which  *aid  .i-t  m-  1.1  li  .11  r<  -main  un|>uii| 
on  Tuesday,  the  first  day  of  July.  1879.  will  bo  deJIfUjuent, 
and  edverUied  for  naif  ut  pnblk  suction,  and  unless  payment 
is  made  before,  will  be  sola  on  Monday,  the  alerenth  day  of 
AuKuet,  1879,  to  paj  the  delinquent  ir'nimmfr***.  together 
with  oort  of  ■drertudiu  and  BxpeiUci  of  8d1«l  Brcrnei  of 
the  Board  of  Trustee*  W.  "  WILSON,  Beeretaqr, 

Office,  Itoom  8.  No.  402  Front  strict.  Sin   I'mn-  1 


Rocky  Point  Mining  Company.— Location 

of  principal  place  of  business,  Sun  Frnncteco,  California. 

Location  of  works,  Placer  County,  C.il 

NOTICE.—  There  Is  delinquent  upon  the  following  de- 
scribed  aluck,  on  account  of  assessment  (No.  1)  levied  on 
the  171b  day  of  April,  1S79,  the  several  amounts  sot  oppo- 
site the  names  o(  the.  respective  shareholders,  as  follows: 

Names.  No.  Certificate.    No.  Shares,       \in'l 

\V  B  Douglass 90  23  8  2  30 

CJPillabury H4  2000  200  00 

J  C  Rhoads 03  500  50  00 

.1  0  Khitada 95  3000  300  00 

.1  K  Hobbins,  Trustee 12  500  50  00 

J  K  Rabbins,  Trustee 15  600  50  00 

J  R  Robbins,  Trustee 17  63  6  80 

J  R  Robbins,  Trustoo 21  1000  100  00 

J  K  Robbins,  Trustee 22  1000  100  00 

.1  R  Robbins,  Trustee Hi  1000  100  00 

.1  R  Robbins,  Trustee 60  134  13  40 

J  R  Robbins,  Trustee 77  50  6  00 

J  R  Robbins,  Trustto 78  60  5  00 

J  R  Robbiiifl.  Trustee S5  100  10  00 

.1  R  Robbins,  Trustee Stf  100  10  00 

J  R  Robbins,  Trustee 110  833  83  30 

.1  R  Robbins,  Trustee 129  70  7  00 

J  K  Cooper,  Trustee 107  100  10  00 

J  K  Cooper,  Trustee 108  100  10  00 

J  G  Whitney,  Trustee 39  1000  100  00 

.1  G  Whitney,  Trustee 42  500  50  00 

J  c  Whitney,  Trustee, 43  55  6  60 

LA  Hinds 55  1000    balance  71  50 

Ambrose  Hinds 198  100  10  00 

T  L  Bihbins,  Trustee 93  100  10  00 

T  L  Bibbins,  Trustee 9U  100  10  00 

T  L  Bibbins,  Trustee 101  100  10  00 

T  L  Bibbins,  Trustee 133  1000  100  00 

T  L  Bihbins.  Trustee 134  1000  100  00 

T  L  Bihbins,  Trustee 139  18  1  80 

T  L  Bibbins,  Trustee 145  800  80  00 

T  L  Bibbins,  Trustee 140  100  10  00 

T  L  Bibbins,  Trustee 147  60  6  00 

T  L  Bibbins,  Trustee 150  500  50  00 

T  L  Bibbins,  Trustee 163  30  3  00 

T  L  Bibbins,  Trustee 154  20  2  00 

T  L  Bibbins,  Trustee 157  100  10  00 

T  L  Bibbins,  Trustee 101  100  10  00 

T  L  Bibbins,  Trustee 102  100  10  00 

T  L  Bibbins,  Trustee 163  100  10  00 

T  L  Bibbins,  Trustee 170  5(H)  50  00 

T  L  Bibbins,  Trustee 173  77  7  70 

T  L  Bibbins,  Trustee 175  100  10  00 

T  L  Bibbins,  Trustee 182  100  10  00 

T  L  Bibbins,  Trustee 188  50  5  00 

T  L  Bibbins,  Trustee 189  50  5  00 

T  L  Bibbins,  Trustee 191  600  50  00 

T  L  Bibbins,  Trustee 204  600  50  00 

M  J  Rhoads 119  2400  240  00 

And  in  accordance  with  law,  and  an  order  of  the  Board 
of  Directors,  made  on  the  Seventeenth  day  of  April, 
1879,  bo  many  shares  of  each  parcel  of  such  stock  aa  may 
necessary  will  be  sold  at  public  auction,  in  the  City  of 
San  Francisco,  at  the  office  of  the  Company,  on  Monday, 
tho  Sixteenth  day  of  June,  1879,  at  the  hour  of  one  o'clock 
p.  M.  of  said  day,  to  pay  said  delinquent  assessment 
thereon,  together  with  costs  of  advertising  and  expenses 
of  the  sale.  T.  L.  BIBBINS,  Secretary. 

Office,  314  Bush  Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


W.   T.   GARRATT'S 

BRASS  and  BELL  FOUNDRY 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 

MANUFACTURER  AND  IMPORTER  OF 

» 

Church  and  Steamboat  BELLS  and  GONGS 

BRASS  CASTINGS  of  all  kinds, 

WATER  GATES,   GAS  GATES, 

FIRE  HYDRANTS, 

DOCK  HYDRANTS, 

GARDEN  HYDRANTS 

General  Assortment   of    Engineers'   Findings. 

Hooker's    Patent 
Celebrated 

STEAM  PUMP 

flSTThe  Best  and  Most 
Durable  in  use.  Also, 
a  variety  of  other 


For  Mining  and  Farm- 
ing Purposes. 

ROOT'S  BLAST  BLOWERS, 

For  Ventilating  Mines  and  for  Smelting  Works. 

HYDRAULIC    PIPES    AND     NOZZLES, 

For  Mining  Purposes. 

Garratt's    Improved    Journal    Metal. 

IMPORTER  OF 

IRON  PIPE  AND  MALLEABLE    IRON    FITTINGS. 

ALL   KINDS  OF 

WORK  AND  COMPOSITION  NAILS, 

AT  LOWEST  RATES. 

507  Mechanical  Movements. 

Every  mechanic  Should  have  a  copy  of  Brown  "a  507  Me- 
chanical Movements,  illustrated  and  described.  Inventors, 
model  makers  and  amateur  mechanics  and  students,  will 
find  the  work  valuable  far  beyond  its  cost.  Sold  by 
Dewey  &  Co.,  Patent  Agents  and  publishers  of  Mining 
and  Scientific  Press,  San  Francisco.  Price,  ffl.,  (post  paid. 


To  Pacific  Coast  Inventors. 

DlKl'.S    1KB  FOBBIOK  PATBBT  AOHKJl     prOMDlfl    >nan\    and 

Important  ad  vaataffM  ■  ■  tHonu  Agoncy  orer  all  othei 
■on  i'f  long  establishment}  ijn  at  expertenoe,  tbnrougu  system, 
■oquaintanot  wltn  the  subjects  ol  (nvsauona  in  our 
. -.1111(11  mi  it  v,  mid  i-ur  moil  extensive  law  uid  referent  i 
containing  official  American  and  foreign  reporta,  flies  ol  scientific 
hanji  1!  publications,  otc  All  worthy  Inventions  1  il 
anted  tbrousn  our  Agency  will  bavi  thi  [lustration 

1  iplii.ii  in  the  UllllKa  AM.  BOUKTll  II    PflMfl       V, 

-•i.i>  1.  r.  mi/h  -if  Palm  1 1  l.uniiu-.--,  and  obtain  Pat  mite  In  til  ooun- 
tries  wnloli  grant  protootlon  t"  Inventor*.  The  large  majority  ••( 
D   B  and  foreign    PatenU  Ensued  t<-  Inventor*  on  the  Pacific 

n  give  the 

■  motl  n  Habit  id*  Ice  as  to  the  p  I  new  la 

veniions     Our  prices  are  as  low  ob  anj  first-clsss  agencies  In  the 

Easterti  States,  while  onr  advantages  lor  Pacific  Coosl    Inventors 

arc  Car  superior.    Advice  and  Circulars,  free. 

DBWEX  A  CO..  Patkk  Aotirn 


\    r    Dtwr.r. 


11.    K»m: 


010.    II      STRING. 


MANUFACTURED  UNDER  A.    NOBEL'S  ORIGINAL  AND   ONLY   VALID   NITROGLYCERINE  PATENTS 

Nos.  ONE,    TWO    and    THREE. 

Stronger,    Better   and   Safer   than   any   other   High    Explosive. 


JncLson     Powder 

IS  NOW  USED  IN  ALL  LARGE  HYDRAULIC  CLAIMS. 
It  breaks  more  ground,   pulverises  it  better,   saves  time  and  money,   and    in    superseding     the    ordinary 
powder  wherever  it  is  tried.     jt2FTriplc  Force  Caps  and  all  Grades  of  Fuse. 

BANDMANN,  NIELSEN    &   CO., 

SAN    FRANCISCO,    CAL. 


VULCAN  BLASTING  POWDER. 

The  Strongest,  Safest,  Most  Uniform  and  Reliable  -'HIGH 
EXPLOSIVE"  Manufactured  on  the  Coast. 

MINERS  TESTIFY  THAT  IT  IS    FREE   FROM   OBJECTIONABLE  FUMES. 

We  call  the  attention  of  all  desiring  such  a  Powder  to  our  various  grades,  which 
we  are  prepared  to  sell  at  LOWEST  RATES. 

ai—      4    Equalling' Liquid  Nitro-Glyeerine  in  Strength.     Wo  recommend  this 

IsUi     *  «        Grade  in  extremely  hard  rock,  boulders,  iron,  etc 

fc!n      O  Will    do   the   work   thoroughly    in    all   but    the    hardest    kinds     of 

PJU.    C. — roclt, 

fcj-      Q  For    bench  work,    pipe-clay,    soft  and  shelly    rock,   outside     work 

liU»    O,        and  quarrying. 

Single  and   Triple   Force  Cape,    Fuse  of  all  Grades,  Vulcan 

Powder  Thawing1  Boxes,  Batteries  and  Exploders, 

For  Sale  at  the  Lowest  Rates. 


VULCAN    POWDER 

Office,  123  California  Street,  Rooms  25  and  20, 


COMPANY, 

-      -      SAN   FRANCISCO,  CAL. 


N.    W.    SPAULDING'S 


PATENT  DETACHABLE  TOOTH    SAWS, 

Manfuactory,  17  &  19  Fremont  St.,  S.  F. 


Imperial  Parchment 

LIKEN 
WRITING   PAPERS 

For  Foreign  and  Mercantile  Corres- 
pondence, and  Legal  use. 

Handsomely  put  up  in  quarter  ream. 
boxes,  and  Envelopes  to  match.  Notes,  Letters,  Letter- 
heads, Legal  Cap  and  Abstract  Legal 

For  Sale  by  nil  Stationers. 

H.  S.  CROCKER  &  CO.,  Cenl  Acts. 


FOB.    SALS. 

THE  MACHINERY   AND   PLANT 

—  OF  THE  — 

HOPE    IRON    WORKS, 

—  CONSISTING  OF  — 

Pattern,  Machine  and  Blacksmith  Shop, 
AND  FOUNDRY. 

Address  THE  HOPE  IEON  WORKS, 
Potrero,  San  Francisco, 


ft.  S.  HALLIDIE. 

nia^Street, 


Office,  No.  6  Ca|i 

AN 


Iron  and  Steel  Wire  Rope, 

Flat  and  Round,  for  Mining^} hipping, 
Hoisting  and  Gju^Tywposes. 

Having  thc/inofe  cArtlpleto  jHTrXertenaive 
Wico*«3to  YVfcrks  irj  tneM?nited  States,  I  ma 
porepseixv  m^he&ctare  Wiro  Hope  and  Caolei 
of  an  Al^ngta  or  size  at  short  notice,  and  guar- 
antee  the  quality  and  workmanship  equal  to 
iiny  mode  at  home  or  abr&?--£~V 

Iron,  Sfeel-ajid^GkvaJized  Wire 

Of  allffcea  on,  MS\or-iaade  to  order, 

Barbjech  Tence 

Bole  rropni 

Hallidie^  -r ESflleter  xtcoj^way, 

thJ^oLepoAatlaCof  Oroa.  Ett 

*3^enoSa>r  ft  Circular. 

A.  S.  HAZ.LIDIS. 

QJHo»,  No,  o  California  St.,  San  Francisco 

ST.    DAVID'S. 

A     FIRST-CLASS     LODGING      HOUSE. 

CONTAINS  113  ROOMS. 

715  Howard  St.,  near  Third,  San  Francisco. 

This  House  is  especially  designed  as  a  comfortable  home  for 
gentlemen  atad  Indies  visiting  the  city  from  the  interior.  No 
darkrooms.  Gas  and  running  water  iu  each  room.  The  floors 
are  covered  with  hotly  BrusfidH  carpet,  and  all  of  the  furniture 
is  made  of  solid  black  walnut.  Each  bed  has  a  spring  mat- 
tress with  an  additional  hair  top  mattress,  making  them  the 
most  luxurious  aud  healthy  beds  in  the  world.  Ladies  wish- 
ing to  cook  for  themselves  or  families,  are  allowed  the  free 
use  of  a  large  public  kitchen  and  dining  room,  with  dishes. 
Servants  wash  the  dishes  and  keep  up  a  constant  fire-  from  6 
A  M  to  7  I*.  M.  Hot  and  cold  baths,  a  large  parlor  and  read- 
ingroom  containing  a  Grand  Piano— all  free  to  guests,  Price 
single  rooms  per  night,  50  cts.;  per  week,  from  $2.50  upwards 

R.  HUGHES,  Proprietor. 
At  Market  Street  Ferry,  take  Omnibus  line  of  street  cars 
to  comer  Third  and  Howard. 


STEVENOT'S 

Fine  Gold  Amalgamator. 

Adapted  for  Ores,  Tailings,  Slimes,  Etc. 

Unequaled  for  Cheapness,  Lightness  and 
Practical    Results. 


No  meuhatiiaul  required  to  run  it.  Worked  entirely  by 
pressuro  of  water  throwing  the  ore  Forcibly  on  to  and 
through  a  body  uf  mercury. 

E.  K.  STEVEKOT, 

Chemist  and  Mining  Engineer, 

304  Montgomery  St,  San  Francisco. 

REPORTS  MADE  ON  MINES.  Quartz  Mills,  and 
Works  of  every  description  Bturtod 

NOTICE 

TO    THE 

MINING  PUBLIC. 


MESSRS.  RANKIN,  ERAYTON  &  CO.,  ot 
the  Pacific  Iron  Works,  are  the  only  parties 
authorized  to  manufacture  HOWELL'S  IM- 
PROVED WHITE  FURNACE  under  the 
License  of  this  Company. 

THE  STETEFELDT  FURNACE  CO., 

By  C.  A.  STETEFELDT,  President. 


Referring  to  the  above,  tho  undersigned  would  call  at- 
tention to  the  fact  that  by  a  compromise  recently  effected 
with  the  STETEFELDT  FURNACE  COMPANY,  they 
have  secured  the  use  of  all  the  patents  of  said  Company 
applying  to 

Kevolving  Cylinder  Furnaces, 

And  are  thus  enabled  to  give  purchasers  the  liceDse  of 
all  patent  claimants,  to-wit: 

WHITE,    HOWELL,   THOMPSON, 

—  AND     TU.E  — 

Stetefeldt  Furnace  Company, 

Thereby  avoiding  all  further  litigation   in  reference  to 
these  rival  claims.    The  great 

SUPERIORITY  OF  THE  FURNACES 

Embracing  these  patents  has  been  satisfactorily  demon- 
strated. There  are  now  some  thirty  of  them  in  operation 
in  the  various  mining  districts  of  the  coast,  operating  in 
all  cases  with  economy  and  satisfaction,  working  in  many 
localities 

THE  BASEST  AND  MOST  REFRACTORY  ORES  UP 
TO  90  AND  05  PER  CENT. 

By  an  improvement — the  patent  for  which  has  recently 
been  allowed— thiB  Furnace  can  be  readily  adjusted  so  as 
to  work  with  equal  facility  aud  effectiveness  all  classes  of 
ores. 

The  following;  arc  some  of  the  Mining  Companies  who 
have  recently  adopted  this  Furnace,  the  moat  of  which  are 
now  in  successful  operation,  many  of  them  running  two 
and  some  three  and  four  Furnaces. 

NEVADA— Grand  Prize,  Star,  Martin  Whito,  High- 
bridge,  Columbia,  Alexander,  Paradise  Valley,  Jefferson, 
Leopard,  Eagle,  Endowment,  Independence. 

ARIZONA.—  Tiptop,  Tiger,  Peck,  Hackberry,  Corhin, 
Tombstone,  Bradshaw, 

OREGON— Monumental. 

MONTANA— Alice  Mine,  Butte  City. 

MEXICO— Trinidad,  Hanniguera,  Plomoses. 

PERU— Cerro  de  Dasco.  _ 

RANKIN,  BRAYTON  &  CO., 

Pacific    Iron    "Works. 


CAUTION.— All  persons  are  hereby  cautioned  against 
buying  from  other  parties  Furnaces  embracing  the 
improvements  covered  by  the  patents  above  mentioned, 
as  they  will  be  vigorously  prosecuted  and  involved  iu 
heavy  damages. 


The  Best  Fileuolder. — After  having  used  Dewey's 
patent  elastic  hinge  fileholder  for  over  a  year  past,  the 
News  cheerfully  indorses  it  as  the  best  newspaper  file- 
holder  iu  existence,  possessing  important  advantages  over 
any  and  all  others' in  use.  The  holders  are  neat,  light  and 
convenient,  and  the  newspapers  are  placed  in  them  with 
the  utmost  facility  and  least  possible  time  and  exertion. 
Thjy  are  the  simplest,  handiest  and  cheapest  of  all.  Any- 
body keeping  files  of  papers  in  reading  rooms,  offices  or  at 
home,  should  send  at  once  to  the  proprietor,  A.  T. 
Dewey,  San  Francisco,  and  get  the  only  proper  fileholder. 
Samples  by  mail  fifty  cents.— Gold  Sill  News. 


390 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


f  June  14,   1879. 


Iron  and  Iflachipe  W&. 


THOS.  PENOEKUAST.  HENKY  S.  SMITH. 

iETNA   IRON    WORKS, 

MAWTTFACTURBRS  OF 

IRON  CASTINGS 

and      MACHINERY 

OF  ALL  KINDS. 

Fremont  Street,  Bet.  Howard  and  Folsom, 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 

SACRAMENTO  BOILER   WORKS, 

214  &  216  BE  ALE  St. ,  (rear  of  JEtna  Foundry) 

J.  V.  HALL, 

PRACTICAL    BOILER    MAKER, 

Marine,  Stationary  and  Portable  Boilers,  Smoke  Stacks, 

Hydraulic  Pipe,   Oil  or  Water  Tanks,    Ore  and 

Water  Buckets,  Gasometers,  Girders,  Bridges 

and   Iron   Ship    Building. 

ALL    KINDS    OF   SHEET    IRON    WORK. 

Repairing   promptly   attended   to    at   the 
lowest    possible    terms. 

UNION  IRON  WORKS, 

SACRAMENTO,    CAL. 
BOOT,    NBILSON    &    CO., 

MANUFACTURERS  OF 

STEAM    ENGINES,  BOILERS   AND    ALL 
Kinds  of  Machinery  for  Mining  Purposes. 

Flouring  Mills',  Saw  Mills'  and  Quartz  Mills'  Machinery 

constructed,  fitted  up  and  repaired. 

Front  Street,  Between  N  and  O  Streets, 

SACRAMENTO,     OAL. 


PHELPS 
MANUFACTURING    COMPANY, 

Manufacturers  of  all  kindg  of 

Wharf  and  Bridge  Bolts,   Railroad  Trestle 

Work,   Car  Frames  and  Bolts,  Machine 

Bolts,   Set  Screws    and   Tap  Bolts, 

Lag   or    Coach    Screws. 

ALL  STYLES  OF  FANCY  HEAD  BOLTS. 

HOT  AND  COLD  PRESSED  HEXAGONAL  AND 

SQUARE  NUTS,  WASHERS,  BOLT  ENDS, 

TURNBUCKLES,  ETC.,  ETC. 

13, 15  and  17  Drumm  St.,  near  California, 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 


Golden  State  &  Miners  Iron  Works, 

Manufacture  Iron  Castings  and  Machinery 
of  all  Kinds  at  Greatly  Reduced  Rates. 

STEVENSON'S  PATENT 

Mold-Board  AMALGAMATORS, 
Golden  State  Pressure  Blowers. 

First  St..  between  Howard  &  Folsom,  S.  F. 


Wm.  H.  Birch.  John  Argall. 

California    Machine   Works, 
BIROH,    ARGALL    &    CO., 

119  Beale  Street,  San  Francisco. 

jJ^Genenil  Mechanical  Engineers  and  Machinists. 
Steam  Engines,  Flour,  Quartz  and  Mining  Machinery. 
Sole  manufacturers  of  Brodie's  Patent  Rock  Crushers  and 
Steel-Faced  Tappits.  Steam,  Hydraulic  and  Sidewalk 
Elevators.    Repairing  promptly  attended  to. 


California    Brass    Foundry, 

No,  125  First  Street,  Opposite  Minna. 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL.    ■ 

All  kinds  of  Brass,  Composition,  Zinc,  and  Babbitt 
Metal  Castings,  Brass  Ship  Work  of  all  kinds,  SpikeB, 
sheathing  Nails,  Rudder  Braces,  Hinges,  Ship  and  Steam- 
boat Bells  and  Gouge  of  superior  tone.  All  kinds  of  Cocks 
and  Valves,  Hydraulic  Pipes  and  Nozzles,  and  Hose  Coup- 
lings and'1  Connections  of  all  sizes  and  patterns,  furnished 
with  dispatch.  ^.PRICES  MODERATE  la 

J.  H.  WEED.  V.  KINGWELL. 


STEAM  ENGINES  AND  BOILERS 

Of  all  sizes— from  2  to  60-Horse  power.  Also,  Quartz 
Mills,  Mining  Pumps,  Hoisting  Machinery,  Shafting,  Iron 
Tanks,  etc.    For  sale  at  the  lowest  prices  by 

J.    HBNDY,  49  and  51  Fremont  Street,  S.  F. 


THOMAS  THOMPSON. 


THORNTON  THOMPSON. 


THOMPSON    BROTHERS, 

EUREKA    FOUNDRY, 

129  and  131  Beale  St.,  between  Mission  and  Howard,  S.  F 

MANUFACTURKRB  OF  CASTINGS  OF  EVERT  DESCRIPTION. 


W I H  D   Mill    0ne  of  the  beat  made  in  thi9  Stat^ 

,w     inii-Ud  for  sale  cheap  on  easy  terms.    Ad- 
dresi,  W.  T.  care  of  Dewey  &  Co.,  S.  F. 


GEORGE  W.  PRESCOTT. 


IRVING  M.  SCOTT. 


H.  T.  SCOTT. 


|]nion    Jron   ffioRKS. 

Office,  61  First  St.  |  Cor.  First  &  Mission  Sts.,  S.  F.  |  p,  0.   Box,  2128. 


BUILDERS    OF 


Steam,    Air   and    Hydraulic    Machinery. 


Home  Industry.— All  Work  Tested  and  Suaranteed. 


Vertical  Ehoines, 
Horizontal  Engines, 
Automatic  Cut-off  Engines, 
Compound  Condensing  Engines, 
Shafting, 


Baby  Hoists, 

Ventilating  Fans, 
Rock  Breakers, 
Self-Feeders, 
Pulleys, 


Stamps, 
Pans, 
Settlers, 
Retorts, 
Etc.,  Etc. 


TRY    OUR    MAKE,  CHEAPEST   AND    BEST    IN    USE. 
Send  for  Late  Circulars.  PRESCOTT,  SCOTT  &  CO, 


~W"illiam     Hawkins, 

(SUCOBSSOB  TO  HAWKINS  &  CANTEBLL). 

IMI^CIHIIlsriE    WORKS, 

210  and  212  Beale  Street,  bet.  Howard  and  Folsom  Sts.,    -    -    San  Francisco. 

Manufacturer    of 

IMPROVED  PORTABLE  HOISTING  ENGINES, 

FOE   MINING   AND    OTHER    PURPOSES. 

Also  of  the    HAWKINS'    PATENT    ELEVATOR    HOIST,    for   Hotels,    Warehouses 
and    Public  Buildings. 

Steam  Engines  and  all  Kinds  of  Mill  and  Mining  Machinery. 


Pacific  Rolling  Mill  Co., 

SAN    FRANCISCO,    CAL. 

manufacturers  of 

RAILROAD  AND   MERCHANT  IRON, 

ROLLED  BEAMS,  ANGLE,  CHANNEL  AND  T  IRON,  BRIDGE  AND  MACHINE  BOLTS,  LAO  SCREWS,  NUTS 
WASHERS,  ETC.,  STEAMBOAT   SHAFTS,  CRANKS,  PISTONS,  CONNECTING   RODS,  ETC.,  ETC. 

Car  and  Locomotive  Axles  and  Frames,  and  Hammered  Iron  of  Every  Description. 

HIGHEST    PRICE    PAID    FOR   SCRAP    IRON. 

I3T  Orders  Solicited  and  Promptly  Executed.  Office,  No.  16  FIRST  STREET. 


Fulton    Iron   A^orks. 

Hinckley,  Spiers  &  Hayes. 


(ESTABLISHED   IN   1855.) 


Works,  Fremont  and  Howard  Sts.  |  San  Francisco,  Cal.  |  Office,  No.  213  Fremont  St. 


MANUFACTURERS    OF 


Marine  Engines  and  Boilers, 


Propeller  Engines  either  High  Pressure  or  Com- 
pound Stern  or  Side  Wheel  Engines. 

Mining  Machinery. 

Hoisting  Engines  and  Works,  Cages,  Ore  Buckets,  Ore 
Cars,  Pumping  Engines  and  Pumps,  Water  Buokets, 
Pump  Columns,  Air  Compressors,  Air  Receivers, 
Air   Pipes. 

Mill  Machinery. 

Batteries  for  Dry  or    Wet  Crushing,    Amalgamating 


Engi 


Pans,  Settlers,  Furnaces,  Retorts,  Concentrators,  Ore 
Feeders,  Rock  Breakers,  Furnaces  for  Reducing  Ores 
Water  Jackets,  Etc. 


Sugar  Machinery. 


Crushing  Rolls,  Clarifiers,  Vacuum  Pans,  Air  Pumps, 
Concentrators,  Bag-  Filters,  Charcoal  Filters,  Blow-up 
Tanks,  Coolers  and  Receiving  Tanks. 


Miscellaneous   Machinery. 


Flour  Mill  Machinery,  Saw  Mill  Engines  and  Boilers, 
Dredging  Machinery,  Oil  Well  RetortB,  Powder  Mill  Ma- 
chinery, Water  Wheels. 


Act  of  Congress  regulating  the  same,  or  for  use  on  land.  Water  Pipe,  Pump 
or  Air  Column,  Fish  Tanks  for  Salmon  Canneries  of  every  description. 
Boiler  repairs  promptly  attended  to  and  at  very  moderate  rates. 


PACIFIC    IRON    WORKS, 

First  and  Fremont  Streets,  between  Mission  and  Howard,  San  Francisco,  Cal., 
RANKIN,    BRAYTOX    &    CO., 

Manufacturers    of 

ENGINES,  BOILERS,   MARINE   AND    STATIONARY.      PUMPING,   HOISTING,  AND   MINING   MACHINERY 

INCLUDING  BATTERIES,  AMALGAMATING  PANS  AND  SETTLERS,  CONCENTRATORS,  ORE  FEEDERS, 

CRUSHING  ROLLS  AND  ROCK  EREAKERT.     ALSO,  WATER  JACKET  SMELTING  FURNACES, 

FOR  REDUCING  LEAD,  SILVER   AND    COPPER   ORES,  QUICKSILVER   FURNACES, 

RETORTS  AND  CONDENSERS,  ROASTING  AND  CHLORIDIZING  FURNACES, 

SUGAR   MILL   MACHlNEEn,  WATER    WHEELS,  Etc.,  ALL   OF   THE 

LATEST  AND  MOST  IMPROVED  CONSTRUCTION. 

Agents  for  the  Allen  Engine  Governor,  Bailey  Air  Compressor,  Howell's 
Improved  "White  Furnaces,  Walker's  Compound  Steam  Pumps,  Etc. 


^Western  Iron  "\rt7*o:rlx.s, 

316     and     318     Mission     Street,     San     Francisco, 

PERRY  EDWARDS.  Prop'r. 

Manufacturer  of  Wrought  Iron  Girders,  Trusses,  Prison  Cells,  Iron  Roofs,  Crest 
Railings,  Finials,  Fences,  Weathervanes,  Gratings,  Iron  Work  for  Models,  Etc. 

Nickel  Plated  Railings.        Bank  and  Stop*  Fittings.       Estimates  given  and  Iron  Work  furnished  for  Buildings. 


Deweydeo.{Sa„iSsJPatentAg'ts.|     Engraving  clone  at  this  office, 


Corner  Beale  and  Howard  Sts., 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 

W.  H.  TAYLOR,  Pres't.  JOSEPH  MOORE,  Sup't. 

Builders  of  Steam  Machinery 

In  all  itn  Branches. 

Steamboat,  Steamship,  Land 

Engines  and  Boilers, 

HIGH  PRESSURE  OR  COMPOUND. 

STEAM  VESSELS,  of  all  kinds,  built  complete  with 

■    HuIIb  of  Wood,  Iron  or  Composite. 

ORDINARY  ENGINES  compounded  when  ad- 
visable. 

STEAM  LAUNCHES,  Barges  and  Steam  Tugs  con- 
structed  with  reference  to  the  Trade  in  which  they  are 
to  be  employed.  Speed,  tonnage  and  draft  of  water 
guaranteed. 

STEAM  BOILERS-  Particular  attention  given  to 
the  quality  of  the  material  and  workmanship,  and  none 
but  flrst-claBB  work  produced. 

SUGAR  MILLS  AND  SUGAR-MAKING 
MACHINERY  made  after  the  most  approved  plans. 
AIbo,  all  Boiler  Iron  Work  connected  therewith. 

WATER  PIPE,  of  Boiler  or  Sheet  Iron,  of  any  size 
made  in  suitable  lengths  for  connecting  together, 
sheets  rolled,  punched,  and  packed  for  shipment  ready 
to  be  riveted  on  the  ground. 

HYDRAULIC  RIVETING.  Boiler  Work  and 
Water  Pipe  made  by  this  establishment,  riveted  by- 
Hydraulic  Riveting  Machinery,  that  quality  of  work 
being  far  superior  to  hand  work. 

SHIP  WORK.  Ship  and  Steam  Capstains,  Steam 
Winches,  Air  and  Circulating  Pumps,  made  after  the 
most  approved  plans. 

PUMPS.  Direct  Acting  Pumps,  for  Irrigation  or  City 
Water  Works  purposes,  built  with  the  celebrated  Davy 
Valve  Motion,  superior  to  any  other  Pump. 


San  Francisco  Pioneer  Screen  Works 

J.  W.  QUICK,  Manufacturer, 

Several  first  premiums  received 
for  Quartz  Mill  Screens,  and  Per- 
forated Sheet  Metals  of  every 
description.  I  would  call  special 
attention  to  my  SLOT  CUT  and 
SLOT  PUNCHED  SCREENS, 
which  are  attracting  much  at- 
tention and  giving  universal 
satisfaction.  This  is  the  only 
establishment  on  the  coast  de- 
voted exclusively  to  the  manufac- 
ture of  Screens.  Mill  owners  using  Battery  Screens  exten- 
sively can  contract  for  large  supplies  at  favorable  rates. 
Orders  solicited  and  promptly  attended  to. 

32  Fremont  Street,  San  Francisco. 


mm 


—  AT  THB  — 

Electric  Model  &  Machine  Works 

Inventors,  and    others  can  tret  First-Class 
Work  at  Moderate  Prices. 

After  10  years  experience  with  inventions  and  other 
mechanical  work,  I  am  fully  prepared  to  execute  draw- 
ings, working-models  and  fine  machinery  of  any  descrip- 
tion to  entire  satisfaction. 

Brass  Finishing,  Pattern  Making,  Gear  Cutting,  Tele- 
graphic and  other  Electrical  Apparatus  by  competent 
workmen. 

TELEPHONES   TO   ORDER. 
F.  W.  FULLER,  415  Market  Street,  San  FranciBco,  Cal. 


Main    Street    Iron    Works, 

WM.    DEACON,    PROPRIETOR. 
Nos.  131, 133  &  136  Main  St.,  San  Francisco. 

Siaiionary  and  Marine  Engines, 

Shafting,  Pulleys,  and  General  Machine  Work.  Jobbing 
and  repairing  done  Promptly  and  at  Lowest  Rates. 
Screw  Propellors,  Propellor  and  Steamboat  Engines. 

SAW  MILLS  and  SAW  MILL  MACHINERY. 


CHELMSFORD 

WRmNcijJll  PAPERS 

Cream  Tint,  Satin  Finish.  For  Family  and  Mercantile 
Correspondence.  Handsomely  put  up  in  quarter  ream 
boxes,  aud  Envelopes  to  match. 

For  Sale  by  all  Stationers. 


H-  S.  CROCKER  &  CO.,  Sole  Agents. 


GOLD    MINE    WANTED. 

One  now  paying  more  than  expenses.    Addres 

W.    S.    KEYES,   M.   E., 
No.  310  Pine  St.,  Room  42,  San  Francisco 


Mining    Books. 

Orders   for   Mining   and   Scientific  Books  in   general 
will  be  supplied  through  this  office  at  published  rates. 


June  14,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


Union  Brass  Foundry  and  Mechanical  Work  Shop. 


GIOVANNIXI  &  CO., 


417  and  419  Mission  Street. 


SAN  FRANCISCO. 
o 

Tin' attention  of  onr  cuutomcrs  and  especially  of  thoso  Interested  in 
Water  Work.-*,  *ia»  Warku  or  .Minus  it,  respectfully  calluil  tu  our  v«ry  im- 
portant Improvement  in  the  construction  of  .Stop  Vtilvea  (or  (latent.  They 
differ  from  all  others  in  that  tht-  inner  faces  aro  perfectly  parallel  there- 
fore when  the  tiate  or  Valve  18  to  be  opened,  ot  the  lirat  movement  or  the 
Hcrew  the  center  block  (hoo  cut)  releases  the  dlnkn  from  their  b&arlnge,  BO 
that  they  will  move  easily  ami  prevent  the  Wearing  ol  the  inner  faces. 

Thin  Gatuhas  ururuil  very  ellici  nt  in  Pipes  uf  all  ni/e.*,  ami  under  any 
pressure  and  from  Its  double  form  and  perfect  joint  formation  is  especially 
valuable  for  use  iu  lance  Pipes  tor  water,  steam  and  gas,  and  from  its 
avoidance  of  any  wedh'e  shape  cannot  jam  at  any  point  '»uocut). 

TheC.  A  B.  Valves  (or  Gates)havenoeqaai  in  simplicity  of  construc- 
tion  of  all  working  parts,  eawe  of  access  for  repairs,  and  durability. 

Wej have  recently  enlarged  and  fitted  up  Our Brass  Foundry  and  Shop 
with  all  the  latest  Improved  Tools  and  Machinery,  thus  great Iv  increaMiig 
our  facilities  for  rapidlyexecuting  orders  for  all  sf^ea  of  Stop  Valves  (or 
1  rates)  from  three-inch  to  four  feet  in  diameter,  or  any  size,  to  order.  We 
guarantee  them  to  give  better  satisfaction,  cost  less  money,  and  last 
longer  than  any  other  Valve  in  use. 

We  are  al  10  prepared  to  execute  all  orders  in  Brass  Work  for  Breweries, 
Distilleries,  Plumbers.  (_!as  and  Mining  Apparatus,  Whip  Work,  Soda  Ap- 
paratus. Steam  Fittings,  Meiers.  Causes  and  Indicators.  Also  in  Machine 
Pattern  and  Model  Halting,  ami  ClocS  Work.  Gear  cut  to  order.  Brass 
Castings  of  all  kinds.  We  are  confident  of  our  ability,  and  all  orders  en- 
trusted to  ua  will  be  executed  with  promptness  and  dispatch. 

GIOVANNINI  &  CO,  417  &  419  Mission  St.,  S.  F. 
Liberal  Discount  to  the  Trade.  ££TSend  for  Circular 


THE  CALIFORNIA  POWDER  WORKS. 


MANUFACTURERS  OF 


Sporting,  Cannon,   Mining,  Blasting  and 

HERCULES  POWDER 

HERCULES  POWDER  will  break  more  rock,  is  stronger,  safer  and  better  than  any  other 
Explosive  in  use,  and  is  the  only  Nitro-Glycerine  Powder  chemically  compounded  to  neutralize 
the  poisonous  fumes,  notwithstanding  bombastic  and  pretentious  claims  by  others. 

It  derives  ita  name  from  HKacuxES,  the  most  famous  hero  of  Greek  Mythology,  who  was  gifted  wiih  superhuman 

strength.     On  one  occasion   he  slew  several  giants  who  opposed  him,  and  with  one  blow  of 

hia  club   broke  a  high  mountain   from   summit  to  base. 


No. 
No. 


1  XX>  is  the  Strongest  Explosive  Known. 

2  is  superior  to  any  powder  of  that  grade, 

PATENTED  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE. 


ORDERS  RECEIVED  FOR  HERCULES  CAPS  AND  FUSE. 
JOHN  F.  LOHSE,  SECY. 

Office,  No.  230  California  Street,  -  -  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


SAVE   YOUR    GOLD ! 

Highly  Important  to  Miners  and  Quartz  Mill  Men! 

SILVER    PLATED    AMALGAMATING    PLATES. 

The  best  process  yet  discovered  for  saving  tine  or  float  gold.  Extensively  used  with  great 
success  in  gravel  and  placer  mining  in  various  parts  of  the  Pacific  Coast.  Over  iive  hundred 
orders  have  been  filled,  and  the  demand  is  constantly  increasing.  A  large  number  of  these  Plates 
were  sent  to  Snake  River  mines,  Idaho,  last  year,  and  a  great  many  orders  are  being  filled  for 
them  this  season.  Circulars  containing  full  instructions  for  working  these  Plates  sent  with  each 
order.  Old  Mining  Plates  bought  or  taken  in  exchange  for  new  Silver  Plated  Plate?,  and  full 
value  allowed.  Gold  extracted  from  old  Plates  at  a  moderate  cost  by  a  new  and  economical  pro- 
cess. Old  Plates  (which  often  contain  a  surplus  of  gold  above  the  cost  of  plating)  can  be  re-plaled. 
With  the  most  extensive  facilities  on  the  Pacific  Coast,  orders  can  be  filled  very  promptly 
and  satisfaction  guaranteed. 

Mining  Men  ancl  the  public  generally  are  cautioned  against  unprincipled  and  irre- 
sponsible parties  traveling  through  the  country,  endeavoring  to  secure  orders  for  very 
Inferior  qualities  of  Silver  Plat6d  Mining  Plates. 

SAN  FRANCISCO  GOLD,  SILVER,  NICKEL  AND  COPPER  PLATING  WORKS, 

Nos.   6b3  and  655  Mission  Street,   San  Francisco,   Cal. 
EDWARD    G.    DENNISTON, PROPRIETOR. 


STEEL 
CASTINGS. 


From   1-4   to    10,000  lbs.  Weight. 

True  to  pattern,  Bound  and  aolid,  of  unequaled  strength,  toughness  and  durability. 

An  invaluable  substitute  fur  forcings  or  cast-iro  i  rtiiuirmg  throe-fold  strength. 
Scaring  of  all   kitulB,   Shoes,    Dies,    Hammerheads,   Urossheads  for  Locomotives,  etc. 
12  OuU  <  irank  tf  halts  uf  this  Steel  now  running  proved  superior  to  wrought  iron. 
CRANK  SHAFTS,  CROSS  HE  ADS  and  GEARING,  specialties. 
Circulars  and  Price  Lists  free.    Address 

Chester  Steel  Castings  Co. 

■Works,  Chester,  Pennsylvania.       407  Library  St.  Philadelphia 


Knight's  Wa,ter    T\^heel, 


Patented    Janua ry    1 2th,    1875 


The  KNIGHT  WHEEL  is  used  in  the  following  named  Mills  and  Hoist- 
ing Works,  to  which  the  Public  are  referred: 


1-Eifeiit-foot  wheel,  running  Oneida  Co. 'a   Mill,  Amador 

county,  Cal.; GO  stamps.     Rob't  Robinson,  Sunt. 
1-Eisht-foot  wheel,  running  Con.    Amador  Mining  Co.'s 

Mill,  Amador  county,  Cal.;  40  stamps  and  two  Hepburn 

pans.    David  Davis,  Supt. 
1-Eight-foot  wheel,  running  Lincoln   Gold  Mining  Co.'s 

Mil!,  Amador  County,  Cal. ;  40  stamps. 
1-Eight-foot  wheel    running  pump  at  same    company's 

mine.     S.  D.  R,  Stewart,  Supt. 
1-Eight-foot  wheel,  running  Keystone  Con.    Mining  Co, 's 

Mill,  Amador  county,  Cal. ;  40  stamps. 
2-Four  and  one-half  foot  wheels,  used  in  hoisting  by  re- 
versible water  power  at  same  company's  mine.     O.  C. 

Hewitt,  Supt. 
1-Four  and  one-half  foot  wheel,  running  Original  Co.'s 

Mill,  Amador  County,  Cal;  40  stamps,   one  pan,  one 

rock -breaker.     J.  R.  Johns,  Supt. 
1-Four-foot  wheel,  running  Gover  Mining  Co.'s  new  mill, 

Amador  county,  Cal. ;  20  stamps. 
1-Kight-foot  wheel,  running  same  company's  old  mill;  10 

stamps,     John  Palmer,  Supt. 
1-Six-foot  wheel,    running  Talisman  Mining  Co.'s  Mill, 

Amador  county,  (.al. ;  10  stamps. 
1-Eight-foot  wherj,  hoisting  and  driving  pump  at  Bame 

company's  mine.     John  Tregloan,  Supt. 
1-Four  and  one-half  foot  wheel,  running  Bunker  Hill  Min- 
ing Co.'s  Mill,  Amador  county,  Cal;  10  stamps.     John 

Palmer,  Supt. 


1-Six-foot  wheel,  running  St.  Patrick's  Mill,  Newcastle, 
Placer  county,  Cal.;  15  stamps.     Jno.  Townsend,  Supt, 

1-Eight  foot  wheel,  hoiBting  and  runninc  pump,  compres- 
sor and  hoisting  at  Sheba  Silver  Mining  Co.'s  mine, 
State  of  Nevada. 

1-Four  and  one-half  foot  wheel,  running  Luck  Q.  M.  Co.'s 
Mill;  10  stamps;  Oregon. 

1-Four  and  one-half  foot  wheel,  running  Republic  Mill, 
Nevada  county,  Cal.;  20  stamps.     E.  H,  Dyer,  Supt. 

1-Six-foot  water  wheel  running  at  the  Plumas  Eureka 
Mill,  Cal.,  4S  stamps,  2  pans,  '?  ore-breakers  and  22  con- 
centrators. 

1-Eight-foot  water  wheel  running  40  stamps  for  the  Bamo 
Company.     Wm.  Johns,  Sup't. 

4-Six-foot  water  wheels  running  the  Sierra  Buttes  Mills, 
Sierra  Co.,  Cal.     Wm.  Johns,  Sup't. 

2-Six-foot  and  2  four  and  one-half-foot  wheels  running 
Soulsby  G.  M.  Co.'s  Mills,  hoisting.and  pumping  works, 
Sonora,  Tuolumne  County,  Cal.     J.  Lecchman,  Sup't. 

1-Six-foot  water  wheel  running  Providence  20-atamp  mill, 
Nevada  City,  Cal. 

1-Four  and  one-half-foot  wheel  running  DeFrees  Mill, 
Tuscarora  District.  Nevada, 

1-Six-foot  water  wheel  running  20  stamps  at  Julian  mine, 
Newcastle,  Placer  Co,,  Cal.     A,  H.  Schnabel,  Prop'r. 

1-Six-foot  water  wheel  running  Mammoth  Mill,  30  stamps 
and  14  pans  and  ore-breakers,  Mammoth  Lake  District, 
Mono  Co.,  Cal.     Clark,  Sup't. 


itSTOrders  can  be  filled  at  short  notice,  or  further  information  given,  by  addressing  the  undersigned. "\E% 

Almarin  B.  Paul,  Agt.,  KNIGHT  <fc  CO., 

Room  20,  Safe  Deposit  Building1,  San  Francisco.  Sutter  Creek,  Amador  County,  Cal. 

W.  H.  H.  BOWERS  &  CO.,  Agents,  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah. 


HYDRAULIC  GRAVEL  ELEVATORS, 

For  working  Hat 
gravel  mines  that 
have  no  dump. 

Sluices  gravel  and 
water  np  hill  on  an  ^ 

angle    of    45°,     and   t 

will  run  any  kind  of  r.ilizj  E 

gravel  that  will  run   — 

in  a  Hume.   Handles 

rocks  as  easy  as  fine  dirt,  and  will  raise  as  much  material  as  the  water  will  carry  off  in  a  flume 

on  6'  inches  grade  to  12  feet. 

No  bedrock  cuts,  tunnels  or  drains  required.  Machine  a  sufficient  drain  itself,  and  the 
process  of  mining  the  same  as  any  other  hydraulic  mine.  Is  now  a  practical  success  in  various 
places  in  California  and  Oregon.     Send  for  descriptive  circular  to 

JOSHUA    HZEETTDY, 

No.  51  Fremont  Street,  Office  of  the  Hydraulic  Gravel  Elevating  Mining  Co.,  S.  F. 


A  RARE  BUSINESS  CHANCE. 

$250  will  buv  the  Right  for  the  whole  Pacific  Territo- 
ries for  the  BUCKEYE  CLOTHES-LINE  hASTENER 
fjust  patented.)    Large  profits  to  manufacturer. 

Address    JOHN  A.  WOBLEY,  Cleveland,  0 


AN    ENGINEER, 

Favorably  known  in  the  East,  desirous  of  settling  in  Califor- 
nia, seeks  position  as  Snueiintendeiitor  Chief  Draughtsman. 
Compet  nt  to  design  Wtationaiy.  Marine.  Locomotive,  Mill 
Work,  Sugar  and  Hydraulic  Machinery.  Speaks  Spanish. 
Unexceptional  references.    Address  EXPERT,  this  office. 


392 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[June  14,   1879. 


LITTON  SPRINGS  PARK  ASSOCIATION,  OF  SONOMA  COUNTY,   CALIFORNIA. 

A  BEAUTIFUL    HOMESTEAD   IN    THE    COUNTRY   THAT   WILL   PAY   FOR   ITSELF  IN  THREE  YEARS! 

2,600  Acres  of  Choice,  Finely  Wooded  Laud,  to  be  Sub-divided  into  Farms  of  20  and  100  Acres  each,  making 

SIXTY   FARMS,    AVERAGING   FORTY   ACRES   EACH. 

Large  Hotel,  nine  Cottages  and  other  improvements,  together  with  valuable  Seltzer,  Soda,  Iron  and  Sulphur  Springs,  and  200  acres  of  land  to  be  set  aside  and  sold  three  years  hence  for  the  benefit  of  the  shareholders.    The  improvements  on  this 
property  have  cost  over  §70,000. 

Capital  Stock.  £160,000,  divided  into  60  shares  of  $2,500  each,  payable  S500  cash,  and  $500  in  one,  two,  three  and  four  years,  in  MONTHLY  INSTALLMENTS.    Half  shares  issued  when  two  persons  will  combine  to  take  one  share. 

The  Subscription  Book  of  the  Stock  of  this  Association  will  be  open  and  ready  for  signatures  on  Monday,  June  9th,  1879,  at  the  oflice  of  the  Association,  No.  12  Montgomery  St.,  8.  F.,  near  the  Hibernia  Bank.    M.  Theo.  Kearney,  Manager. 

iJ3TThose  wishing  to  visit  the  property  can  obtain  tickets  at  half  rates  by  applying  to  the  Manager.    HOTEL  AND  COTTAGES  FOR  RENT.    The  right  man  can  rent  the  above  property  on  very  easy  terms  if  applied  for  immediately. 


IMPORTANT  ANNOUNCEMENT.— On  and  after  June  2d,  1879,  passengers  for  Sonoma  County  can  take  the  elegant 
and  swift-gums  San  Rafael  steamers,  and  connect  with  the  cars  of  the  S.  F,  and  North  Pacific  R.  R,  at  San  Quentin,  thus 
greatly  reducing  the  time,  and  bringing  Litton  Springs  Park  within  less  than  three  hours'  ride  of  this  city.  Arrangements 
have  also  been  made  for  reduced  fare  to  such  an  extent  that  round  trip  tickets  to  Litton's  can  be  purchased  at  our  office  for 
S3.  Passengers  can  leave  this  city  at  about  7:10  a.  M..  spend  four  hours  at  the  Springs,  and  return  the  same  day.  No  more 
delightful  trip  can  be  found  anywhere  else  in  thiB  State. 

PLAN  OF  THE  ENTERPRISE. —The  Litton  Springs  Pakk  Association  has  purchased  for  the  sum  of  8150,000 
the  well-known  Litton  Sprinss  property,  which  contains  2,600  acres  of  beautiful  land,  and  includes  most  valuable  seltzer, 
Boda  and  iron  springs,  together  with  a  fine  hotel,  nine  cottages,  large  barn,  school  house,  bottling  house  and  other  improve- 
ments— the  in  pvovements  alone  having  cost  over  §70,000.  These  improvements  having  been  made  within  four  years,  are 
almost  as  good  as  new,  and  in  excellent  condition. 

TERMS.— The  capital  stock  of  this  Association  is  fixed  at  $150,000,  divided  into  60  shares  of  $2,500  each,  payable  as 
follows:  $500  at  time  of  subscription,  and  $500  in  one,  two,  three  and  four  years,  in  monthly  installments,  with  interest  at 
the  rate  of  8%  per  annum  on  deferred  payments.  Those  subscribers  who  desire  to  make  advance  payments  of  any  portion 
of  the  amount  due  will  be  allowed  a  discount  at  the  rate  of  4%  per  annum,  which,  added  to  the  interest  of  8%  they  would  be 
charged  with  on  the  deferred  payments,  would  make  12%  interest  per  annum  they  would  get  for  their  money. 

The  Association  does  not  deem  it  advisable  to  divide  this  property  iuto  more  than  60  shares,  but  if  any  would-be  sub- 
scribers desire  to  take  only  half  a  share,  and  they  will  bring  some  friend  who  will  subscribe  for  the  other  half  share,  then 
one-half  shares  will  be  issued  to  each. 

In  addition  to  the  great  natural  beauty  for  which  this  property  is  so  famous,  it  is  designed  to  have  the  division  lines  of 
the  various  farms  indicated  by  osage  orange  and  other  hedges,  as  is  done  to  such  great  advantage  in  England  and  on  the 
Continent.  In  addition  to  that,  about  FIFTEEN  MILES  OF  AVENUES  will  belaid  out  through  the  property.  These 
Avenues  will  be  Darned  Waluut,  Almond,  Olive,  Cherry,  Fig.  Persimmon,  Mulberry,  Peach,  Plum,  Orange,  Palm,  etc.,  and 
it  Is  the  intention  of  the  Association  to  plant  trees  on  both  sides  of  these  Avenues  of  kinds  corresponding  w  th  the  names 
of  the  Avenues.  Such  an  arrangement  will,  in  a  few  years,  provide' a  series  of  drives  so  unique  and  charming  that  their 
equal  cannot  be  found  anywhere  else  in  the  United  States,  and  will  make  the  farms  in  this  property  so  desirable  as  summer 
residences  for  the  vtaUliv  ixMil^nts  of  San  Francisco  that  the  value  of  the  farms  may  reasonably  be  expected  to  double 
several  times.  A  VILLAGE  SITE  will  be  laid  out  near  the  hotel  and  springs,  with  lots  75  feet  front  by  150  feet  deep, 
which  will  provide  plenty  of  room  for  a  cottage  and  garden  around  it,  and  a  place  in  the  rear  for  a  stable  at  a  considerable 
distance  from  the  cottage.  Lots  will  be  reserved  and  .donated  for  church,  school,  lecture-room  and  other  public  buildings. 
Special  efforts  will  be  made  to  induce  college,  seminary  and  other  religious,  educational  and  charitable  associations  to  locate 
upon  this  property.  Building  lots  have  been  set  apart  for  co-operative  fruit  canning  and  drying  establishments  and  for  a 
co-operative  winery.  It  is  confidently  expected  that  the  beauty  of  the  situation,  healthfulness  of  the  climate  and  accessi- 
bility from  San  Francisco  and  other  portions  of  the  State,  and  the  proximity  to  the  hotel  and  valuable  mineral  springs,  will 
make  this  village  the  SARATOGA  OF  THE  PACIFIC  COAST. 

The  Association  has  secured  60  lots  in  this  village,  one  of  which  will  be  donated,  free  of  cost,  to  each  subscriber  to  the 
stock  of  the  Association.  It  is  proposed  to  set  apart  the  hotel,  cottages,  mineral  springs,  and  about  200  acres  of  land  as  a 
separate  parcel.  The  hotel  aud  cottages  are  then  to  be  rented  to  some  good  hotel  man  for  the  next  three  years,  who  will 
carry  it  on  as  a  first-class  health  and  summer  resort,  and  secure  for  it  the  popularity  to  which  its  beauty  and  advantages  en- 
title it.  At  the  expiration  of  three  years  it  is  intended  to  place  the  hotel  reservation  of  200  acres,  including  the  mineral 
springs  and  buildings,  upon  the  market  for  sale  for  the  benefit  of  the  Association.  It  is  confidently  believed  that  the  pres- 
ent great  depression  in  real  estate  will  have  passed  away  by  that  time,  and  property  be  selling  at  much  higher  rates.  In  any 
event,  the  development  of  this  enterprise  will  greatly  enhance  the  value  of  this  property,  and  the  reservation  should  certainly 
sell  for  gl50.000-considering  the  great  value  of  the  mineral  springs,  the  value  of  the  200  acres  of  land,  and  the  fact  that  the 
improvements  have  cost  over  $70,000.  If  the  property  does  bring  that  price,  then  the  shareholders  will  receive  back  $2,500 
on  each  share,  which  is  the  full  price  of  the  shares,  and  will  have  their  farms  free  and  a  village  lot  free,  worth  at  least  $1,000. 
Even  if  the  property  were  sacrificed  at  public  auction  and  sold  for  one-half  of  the  above  sum,  $75,000,  which  is  only  the  1 
value  of  the  improvements,  then  the  shareholders  would  get  back  $1,250  on  each  share,  they  would  have  a  village  lot  worth  I 
at  least  $1,000  (and  perhaps  $3,000  or  $1.0j0),  which  would  leave  them  their  farms  at  a  coBt  of  only  $250.  It  ought  not  to  be 
forgotten  that  the  surplus  wood  on  the  tract  is  worth,  in  the  tree,  at  least  $50,000,  which  would  yield  a  dividend  of  $833  per 
share,  and  that  when  the  time  comes  for  a  division  of  the  property  among  the  shareholders,  the  premiums  that  will  be  paid 
for  choice  of  lots  will  amount  to  a  very  large  sum,  all  of  which  will  be  distributed  to  the  shareholders.  There  are  numerous 
elegant  sites  for  fine  country  residences  on  this  property,  commanding  most  charming  views  of  the  surrounding  country  and 
the  Russian  River  Valley,  and  among  the  wealthy  subscribers  to  the  stock  of  this  Association  there  will  surely  be  an  active 
competition  for  these  choicespots.  The  thousands  of  dollars  thus  obtained  will  of  course  be  divided  among  all  the  share- 
holders, and  will  inure  greatly  to  the  benefit  of  those  who  do  not  bid  for  choice, 

Such  an  opportunity  as  this  to  buy  a  country  home  in  the  most  beautiful  portion  of  California,  and  on  t^rms  such  as  will 
in  reality  prove  in  a  few  years  a  free  gift,  hamifvur  lief  ore  been  presented  to  the  people  of  this  coast;  and  it  is  safe  to  assume 
that  not  f or  many  years  to  come  can  a  combination  of  circumstances  again  occur  to  produce  such  results. 

There  are  only  sixty  shares  in  the  association  for  sale,  and  the  wise  will  lose  no  time  in  examining  the  property  and  pre- 
paring to  subscribe.  It  is  believed  tha  t  all  the  shares  will  be  subscribed  for  early,  and  that  in  60  or  90  days,  when  the  public 
generally  understand  and  appreciate  this  opportunity,  these  shares  will  be  in  demand  at  large  riremiuins.  The  stock  of  this 
Association  will  be  transferable,  like  that  of  any  other  corporation  stock. 

Prospect-as  of  tke  JOifctom  Springs  Park  Association. 

The  maguificent  Litton  Springs  property,  situated  four  miles  north  of  Healdsburg,  on  the  line  of  the  San  Francisco  and 
North  Pacific  Railroad,  to  be  sub-divided  into  small  farms  and  sold  on  the  installment  plan.  The  property  consists  of  2,600 
acres  of  beautifully  wooded  land,  part  bottom  land  and  part  low,  rolling  hills,  with  a  little  high  land.  There  are  a  number 
of  very  valuable  mineral  springs  on  this  property,  inducible  the  celebrated  Litton  Seltzer  Spring,  the  water  from  which,  for 
years  past,  has  been  bottled  and  sold  on  this  market,  and  deservedly  stands  at  the  head  of  the  seltzer  waters  of  this  coast. 
The  soda  spring  is  admitted  by  all  to  be  the  most  wonderful  and  valuable  mineral  spring  in  this  State;  the  water  is  strongly 


impregnated  with  iron,  and  ifcs  tonic  and  valuable  medicinal  properties  are  so  great  that  if  it  were  bottled  and  placed  oh  the 
markets  of  the  United  States,  it  would  certainly  yield  a  very  large  yearly  revenue.  The  volume  of  water  from  this  Bpring  is 
so  large  that  it  is  carried  in  pipes  to  the  hotel,  and  is  used  by  the  guests  for  bathing  purposes,  thereby  furnishing  so  luxurious 
a  bath  as  to  fairly  eclipse  even  those  of  the  ancient  Romans.  There  are  many  miles  of  fencing  and  cross-fencing  on  this 
property,  completely  inclosing  it.  'J  he  property  being  proof  against  live  stock  from  the  outside,  rules  can  be  adopted  con- 
trolling stock  inside  so  as  to  do  away  entirely  with  unsightly  fencing,  and  substitute  the  planting  of  hedges  for  division  lineH, 
which  will  add  greatly  to  the  beauty  of  the  landscape.  The  improvements  on  this  property  are  very  valuable,  aud  comprise 
one  hotel  building,  nine  cottages,  barn,  school  house,  bottling  house,  farm  house,  etc.  The  main  hotel  building  is  61J  feet 
front  by  161  feet  deep,  and  three  stories  high.  The  entrance  hall  is  20x44  feet,  the  parlor  20x44  feet,  the  billiard  room  20x44 
feet,  and  the  dining  room  32x60  feet,  and  is  capable  of  seating  150  people.  The  rooms  on  the  first  floor  are  16  feet  high;  on 
the  second  tioor  12  feet  high,  and  on  the  third  tloor  11  feet  high.  There  are  32  rooms  on  the  second  and  third  floors,  besides 
bath  and  servants'  rooms.  A  piazza  12  feet  wide  surrounds  the  building  on  three  sides.  Gas  and  water  are  supplied  to  every 
room,  and  all  are  furnished  with  stationary  marble-top  basins.  There  are  nine  one-story  cottages  near  the  hotel,  of  various 
tasteful  and  convenient  designs,  A  two-story  building  on  the  property  is  used  as  a  school  house.  A  substantial  and  well- 
finished  three-story  barn  furnishes  accommodations  for  a  large  number  of  horses  and  carriages.  In  addition,  there  is  a 
house  at  the  Seltzer  Spring  used  in  bottling  the  water,  and  a  farm-house  and  vineyard  at  a  little  distance  from  the  hotel. 
These  buildings  have  ;ill  been  erected  within  a  few  years,  of  the  bust  materials,  in  the  most  substantial  manner,  and  with  a 
high  degree  of  finish.  This  property  is  bountifully  supplied  with  pure  spring  water  from  the  numerous  springs  in  the  hills, 
the  waters  of  which  are  carried  in  pipes  to  the  hotel  and  hotel  grounds,  and  may  be  conducted  all  over  the  property  for  the 
supply  of  houses  and  fountains.  Fine  well  water  can  be  obtained  almost  anywhere  on  the  tract  at  a  short  depth  below  the 
surface.  Fuel  in  great  abundance  can  be  found  on  this  property.  In  addition  to  the  beautiful  oaks  with  which  nature  haB 
so  lavishly  adorned  this  estate,  manzanita,  spruce,  pine,  laurel  and  other  trees  in  great  abundance  are  growing  upon  por- 
tions of  this  tract.  It  has  been  estimated  by  men  familiar  with  the  subject  that  there  are  now  growing  upon  these  2,600 
acres  of  land  at  least  50,000  cords  of  wood,  and  making  the  very  lowest  estimate  of  its  value,  which  is  $1  per  cord  in  the  tree, 
the  wood  alone  would  yield  $50,000— leaving  an  abundance  of  oak  trees  for  beautifying  the  landscape. 

CLIMATE.— Much  has  been  said  and  written  about  the  climate  of  Santa  Barbara,  Los  Angeles  and  other  points  In 
Southern  California;  and  large  towns  have  been  built  and  are  flourishing  upon  the  business  which  their  reputation  for  salu- 
orious  climate  has  brought  them.  While  in  no  way  gainsaying  or  calling  in  question  the  claim  made  by  the  admirers  of  the 
southern  portion  of  our  favored  State,  it  is  nevertheless  a  fact,  well-known  to  nearly  all  who  have  been  on  this  coast  for  any 
length  of  time,  that  the  climate  of  the  Russian  River  Valley,  in  its  delightful  and  health-giving  qualities,  stands  without  a 
rival,  and  when  the  lethargy  which  has  enveloped  the  people  of  that  section  3hall  have  been  shaken  off,  and  its  advantages 
made  known  it  will  be  sought  for  as  a  health  resort  by  people  from  every  country  under  the  sun.    "With  regard  to  the 

PRODUCTIONS    OF    SONOMA    COUNTY, 

It  may  be  said  every  variety  of  grain,  vegetable,  fruit  and  flower  that  has  been  profitably  grown  in  any  other  portion  of  Cali- 
fornia has  been  grown  successfully  in  Sonoma  County.  Unlike  the  central  and  southern  portions  of  the  State,  irrigation  ia 
entirely  unnecessary  here.  Crops  have  never  been  known  to  fail  in  Sonoma  Comity.  An  erroneous  idea  prevails  among  a 
certain  class  that  semi-tropical  fruits  can  be  grown  only  in  the  southern  portion  of  the  State,  but  the  fact  is  now  becoming 
generally  known  that  oranges  and  other  semi-tropical  fruits  have  been  grown  in  large  quantities  in  many  of  the  northern 
counties,  and  as  far  north  as  Shasta  County.  It  is  also  well-known  that  the  choicest  and  earliest  fruits  brought  to  this  mar* 
ket  are  produced  within  a  radius  of  100  miles  north  of  San  Francisco. 

THIS    PROPERTY    MUST    BE    SEEN  TO   BE    APPRECIATED. 

Arrangements  have  been  consummated  so  that  passengers  for  Sonoma  County  can  take  the  elegant,  swift-going  San 
Rafael  Bteamer  and  connect  at  San  Quentin  with  the  cars  of  the  San  Francisco  and  Worth  Pacific  Railroad, [and  reach  Litton 
Springs  in  less  than  three  hours  from  San  Francisco.  By  this  route  passengers  can  leave  this  city  at  about  7:10  A.  M.,  remain 
at  Litton  Springs  about  live  hours  and  return  the  same  day.  Round-trip  tickets  to  Litton  Springs  Park  and  return  are  for 
sale  at  our  office  at  S3.  The  new  arrangement  goes  into  effect  June  1st,  1879.  A  more  delightful  excursion  than  this  cannot 
be  found  anywhere  else  in  the  State. 

The  law  under  which  this  Company  is  organized  provides  that  married  women  may  hold  such  shares  as  they  acquire  with 
their  personal  earnings,  or  those  of  their  children,  voluntarily  bestowed  therefor,  or  from  property  bequeathed  or  given 
them,  independent  of  their  husbands.  Ladies  are  therefore  particularly  invited  to  call  at  this  office  and  obtain  further 
information  concerning  this  enterprise.    The  title  to  the  property  is  absolutely  perfect,  being  U.  S.  Patent. 

Parties  in  the  interior  desiring  to  subscribe  for  shares  in  this  Association  can  do  so  by  first  sending  to  this  office  for  a 
blank  application,  to  be  rilled  out  by  them.  They  will  then  send  their  application,  together  with  §500  as  a  first  payment  upon 
each  share  of  stock  they  may  desire,  through  the  agency  of  "Wells,  Fargo  &  Co  's  Express,  and  the  stock  will  be  delivered  to 
the  Express  Company  for  them  upon  the  payment  of  the  money. 

If  any  further  proof  of  the  character  of  this  enterprise  were  needed,  it  is  only  necessary  to  refer  to  the  following  names 
of  well-known  gentlemen  of  this  city,  who  are  the  original  shareholders  and  officers  of  this  company: 

DAVID  BIXLER,  Esq..  of  Williams  k  Bixler,  capitalist;  F.  G.  NEWLANDS,  Esq.,  of  Lloyd  &  Newlands,  Attorneys- 
at-Law;  GEORGE  HEARST,  Esq.,  Capitalist:  MESSRS.  POOL  &  HARRIS,  Warehousemen;  COL.  A.  W.  PRESTON, 
U.  S.  Army;  PETER  DONAHUE,  Esq.,  President  of  the  San  Francisco  and  North  Pacific  Railroad;  President  of  the  San 
Francisco  Gas  Company;  LOUIS  B.  PARROTT,  Esq.,  of  Farrott  &  Co.,  Merchants;  JOHN  A.  PAXTON,  Esq..  of  Paxton 
&  Curtis,  Bankers;  JOHN  ROSENFELD,  Esq.,  Capitalist;  GEO.  W.  PRESCOTT,  Esq.,  of  Prescott,  Scott  &  Co.,  Foun- 
drymen;  M.  THEO.  KEARNEY,  Manager. 

DIRECTORS.— Peter  Donahue,  F.  G.  Newlands,  John  A.  Paxton,  Col.  A.  "W.  Preston,  M.  Theo.  Kearney. 

President— Col.  A.  W.  Preston;  Secretary  and  Manager,  M.  Theo.  Kearney;  Attorneys,  Messrs.  Lloyd  &  New- 
lands;  Treasurer  of  Association,  The  Anglo-Californian  Bank  (Limited). 

Office  of  Association— 12  Montgomery  St.,  S.  F.,  near  Hibernia  Bank  (up-stairs.) 

M.    THEO.    KEARNEY,    Manager. 
Beautiful  lithographic  maps  and  circulars  of  this  property  furnished,  free  of  coit,  to  those  who  call  or  send  for  them. 


a^nii 


Mining  Machinery  Depot, 

I^-A-IFLOKLEJ  cfe  LACY, 

No.  417  Market  Street,  San  Francisco. 


NO.    7    IMPROVED 

AIR    OOMPKESSOR 


SPECIAL    ADVANTAGES. 


Witt  Adjustable  Cut-off  Poppet  Valve  Engine,  and  Forced  Iron  Crank  Shafts. 


Absolute  certainty  in  the  action  of  the  valves  at  any  speed.  Perfect  delivery  of  the  air  at  any 
speed  or  pressure.  The  heating  of  the  air  entirely  prevented  at  any  pressure.  Takes  less  water  to 
cool  the  air  than  any  other  Compressor. 

Power  applied  to  the  best  advantage.  Access  obtainable  to  all  the  valves  by  removing  air  chest 
covers.  Entire  absence  of  springs  or  friction  to  open  or  shut  the  valves.  No  valve  stems  to  break 
and  drop  insideof  cylinders. 

Have  no  back  or  front  heads  to  break.  The  only  Machine  that  makes  a  perfect  diagram.  No 
expensive  foundations  required.     Absolute  economy  in  first  cost  and  after  working. 

Displacements  in  air  cylinder  perfect.  Showing  less  leakage  and  friction  than  onr  competitors 
ami  a  superior  economy  of  about  20  per  cent. 

Small  Sizes  made  in  Sections  not  to  Exceed  300  lbs. 


A     CARD. 

To    Parties    Interested    in    Mining 
and  Milling. 

Call  at  J.  HENDY'S,  N.  E.  coroor  of  Mission  and 
Fremont  Streets,  San  Francisco,  and  examine  COLEMAN'S 
PATENT  SLUICE.  It  will  save  both  float  and  flour  Gold. 
The  best  system  yet  devised.  No  power  required  to  work 
it.  Examine  it  and  judge  for  yourselves  before  purchas- 
np;  elsewhere. 


Engraving  done  at  this  office, 


Some  fine  sunny  offices  (next 
to  the  Press  office),  to  rent  (at 
very  reasonable  rates),  by  Dewey 
&  Co,,  at  202  .Sansome  street, 
corner  of  Pine. 


This  paper  is  printed  with  Ink  furnished  by 
Chas.  Eneu  Johnson  &  Co.,  509  South  loth 
St.,  Philadelphia  &  60  Gold  St.,  N.  T. 


California  Inventors! 


Should    con- 
sult DEWEY 

&  CO.,  AMER- 
ICAN and  Foreign  Patent  Solicitors.  Established  in 
1860.  Their  long  experience  as  journalists  and  large  prac- 
tice as  patent  attorneys  enables  them  to  offer  Pacific  Coast 
inventors  far  better  service  than  they  can  obtain  else- 
where. Send  for  free  circulars  of  information.  Office  of 
the  Mining  and  Scientific  Press  and  Pacific  Rural 
Prbss,  No.  202  Sansome  St. ,  San  Francisco. 


MR  CQMPRESSQE-S 

-  -  'PRICES  REDUCEbi^CND:F6pr.Nt.WCAfAi.0G0E.  ' 

CLAYTON  SVTEAlvr BUMP  WORKS 

1.4.AKiD..ie  WATER  STREET,  BflOOKLYN,  N.Y. 


The  Greatest  Invention  of  the  Age! 

MACKINNON   PEN. 

THE     NEW     WRITING     INSTRUMENT. 

24  Geary  St.,  San  Francisco. 


PAUL'S    AMERICANIZED    ARASTRA. 

This  is  a  cheap,  first-class  Pulverizing  and  Amalgamating 
Machine,  and  one  by  which  the  miner  is  certain  to  make 
money.  "With  a  crusher,  it  makes  the  cheapest  and  best  kind 
of  a  Prospecting  Mill;  to  use  in  connection  with  Stamp  Bat- 
tones  it  has  no  superior.  Call  and  see  it,  or  send  for  circulars 
to  Almabin  B.  Paul,  Room  20,  Safe  Deposit  Building,  S.  F 


BY    .OlSWfciV    A    OO.t 

Publisher-.. 


SAN  FKANCISCO,  SATURDAY,  JUNE  21,  1879. 


VOLUMI.    AXXVI1X 

Number     V*r> 


Eaton's  Improved  Spoke  Tenon  Auger. 

Wo  illustrate  herewith  a  device  recently  pat- 
ented through  the  Mining  and  Scientific 
Press  Patent  Agency,  by  Robt.  W.  Eaton  of 
Watsonville,  Santa  Cruz  county.  It  is  an  im- 
provement on  that  class  of  spoke  tenoning  ma- 
chines which  are  intended  to  be  clamped  to  the 
spoke,  while  the  tenon  is  being  made,  and  it 
consists  in  a  novel  construction  of  the  cutter 
head,  and  in  a  means  for  adjusting  and  center- 
ing it  upon  the  spoke.  It  also  consists  in  novel 
means  for  adjusting  the  mandrel  of  the  tenon 
auger,  by  means  of  swivel  supporting  rings,  and 
operating  screws,  by  which  either  end  may  be 
adjusted  independent  of  the  other,  and  any  de- 
sired angle  obtained. 

As  will  be  seen  by  the  engraving  a  bar  sun- 
ports  the  boring  auger,  and  is  secured  to  the 
spoke,  while  the  tenon  is  being  formed.  This 
bar  is  bent  at  right  angles,  as  shown,  and  has  a 
V-shaped  groove  formed  in  the  enlarged  face  of 
this  portion  so  as  to  clasp  ono  side  of  the  spoke. 
A  stout  loop  or  bail  forms  an  arch  from  one  side  of 
the  V-shaped  groove  to  the  other,  and  a  block 
is  fitted  into  this  arch,  so  that  a  V-shaped 
groove  in  its  face  stands  opposite  the  other  V- 
shaped  groove. 

These  serve  to  clasp  the  spoke,  and  a  screw 
passing  through  the  bail,  may  be  turned  to  force 
the  block  inwards,  and  thus  clasp  the  spoke  se- 
curely in  the  double  V-shaped  groove  formed 
between  the  two  faces.  The  block  is  so  mounted 
that  it  will  adjust  itself  to  the  taper  of  the  spoke 
when  secured.  Through  the  bar  two  .screws 
pass  at  right  angles  with  it  and  the  spoke,  and 
these  screws  have  enlarged  slotted  ends  into 
which  the  lugs  or  projections  from  two  ringB 
enter,  and  are  screwed  by  a  pin  or  pivot,  so  as 
to  form  a  hinge  joint,  as  shown.  The  rings 
serve  to  hold  and  guide  the  auger  mandrel,  and 
it  will  be  seen,  that  by  means  of  the  adjusting 
screws  one  end  of  the  mandrel  or  the  other  may 
be  moved  so  as  to  give  an  independent  adjust- 
ment to  either  end,  and  thus  the  mandrel  may  be 
set  at  any  required  distance  from  the  bar,  and 
also  at  an  angle;  as  the  hinge  joints  will  al- 
low of  independent  adjustments  of  the  ends,  a 
perfect  aligment  with  the  spoke  is  thus  en- 
sured. 

The  mandrel  is  hollow,  and  made  in  two  parts, 
preferably  of  gas  pipe,  screwed  together,  and 
one  part  has  a  plug  screwed  or  made  fast  into 
each  end.  Through  one  end  a  bar  or  rod  passes, 
extending  from  the  interior  of  one  part  through 
the  plug,  into  the  other  part  whieh  supports  the 
cutter  head.  A  smaller  rod  or  stem  passes 
through  the  plug  in  the  outer  end  of  the  man- 
drel, and  has  a  neck  or  collar  to  prevent  it 
from  advancing. 

It  has  a  screw  thread  cut  upon  it  within  the 
mandrel,  and  screws  into  the  rod  so  that  by 
turning  the  head  on  the  outer  end,  the  rod  may 
be  advanced  in  either  direction.  By  this  means 
the  gauge  is  formed,  and  the  length  of  the  tenon 
is  determined  and  regulated. 

The  tenon  auger  is  secured  to  the  end  of  the 
mandrel,  and  by  means  of  the  crank  the  mandrel 
and  auger  are  turned,  the  auger  cutting  the 
tenon  upon  the  spoke  until  the  end  of  the  bar 
strikes  the  end  of  the  spoke  and  prevents  cut- 
ting any  further,  as  before  described. 

The  auger  or  cutter  head  itself  consists  of  two 
blocks  fitted  to  slide  in  the  guides  so  as  to  move 
to  or  from  each  other,  as  shown, 

One  of  these  blocks  carries  the  knife  which  is 
secured  to  it  by  a  set  screw,  and  the  face  or 
portion  of  the  block,  which  is  opposite  to  the 
block,  has  one  side  beveled  off,  so  as  to  make 
a  sort  of  V-shaped  projection.  The  other  block 
has  a  V-shaped  notch  formed  in  its  face  oppos- 
ing the  block,  so  that  the  tenon  entering  be- 
tween these  two  blocks  has  three  points  of  sup- 
port, namely,  the  surface  of  the  block,  formed 
by  cutting  off  the  incline,  and  the  two  sides  of 
the  V-shaped  notch.  As  different  sizes  of  tenon 
are  cut,  it  will  be  seen  that  the  points  of  sup- 
port formed  by  the  sides  of  the  notch  muBt  be 
advanced  more  than  the  single  face  in  order  to 
keep  the  spoke  and  tenon  in  the  center.  This 
is  effected  by  a  peculiarly  constructed  right  and 
left-handed  feed  screw. 

This  screw  has  one  thread  of  a  certain  pitch 
working  in  the  block,  and  the  thread  which 
feeds  the  block  forward  has  a  much  more  rapid 


pitch  depending  upon  the  angle  of  the  groove 
or  notch,  so  that  this  block  is  set  forward  faster 
than  the  other  block,  and  the  tenon  will  always 
be  perfectly  centered  by  this  device,  whatever 
may  be  its  size.  Set  screws  are  turned  up 
against  the  back,  and  Bupport  and  steady  the 
blocks,  while  a  cut  is  being  made. 

The  operation  will  thus  be,  to  first  prepare 
the  spokes  in  the  wheel  in  the  usual  manner, 
after  which  the  machine  is  secured  to  each 
spoke  successively.  The  cutter  head  being 
adjusted  by  setting  the  blocks  at  a  suitable  dis- 
tance apart  to  form  the  desired  size  of  tenon 
and  the  rod  being  set  to  gauge  its  length,  it 
will  only  be  necessary  to  turn  the  crank  and 
rotate  the  cutter  mandrel  until  the  end  of  the 
rod  comes  in  contact  with  the  end  of  the  spoke, 
when  the  tenon  will  be  finished. 


Specific  Gravity  of  Minerals. 

[Written  for  the  Mixing  and  Scientific  Pekss  by  Henrt 
O.  Han kb.] 

The  following  apparatus  is  exceedingly  con- 
venient for  taking  the  specific  gravity  of  large 
BDecimens  of  minerals,  rocks,  coal,  gold,  quartz, 
etc.,  and  is  almost  indispensable  in  the  labora- 
tory and  assay  office. 

I  found  it  figured  and  described  in  "Traite 
Elementarie  de  Mineralogy,"  by  M.  F,  Pisani, 

Fipr.   2. 


Immoderation  in  Exercise. — The  senseless 
"walking  mania"  cannot  but  be  productive  of 
harm  to  all  who  practice  it.  If  generally 
adopted  it  will  result  in  the  development  of  one 
portion  of  the  body  to  the  detriment  of  some 
other.  The  physical  and  mental  faculties  must 
be  equally  exercised,    or  else  nature's  equili- 

Figr-    1. 


APPARATUS    FOB    DETERMINING    THE    SPECIFIC    GRAVITY    OF    ORES. 


brium  will  be  destroyed,  and  the  "human  form 
divine"  deformed.  Let  no  person  be  persuaded 
that  the  "walking  fever"  is  the  inauguration  of 
a  proper  system  of  exercise.  It  is  simply  a 
mountebank  performance  to  gather  the  money 
of  the  morbidly  curious;  in  other  words  it  is  an 
arrant  humbug.  If  you  have  money  to  throw 
away,  bestow  it  upon  some  deserving  poor;  if 


Eaton's    Spoke    Tenon    Auger. 

you  need  exercise,  practice  moderation  and  ex- 
ercise all  of  the  physical  and  mental  capacities 
equally. 

Attention  is  being  drawn  by  the  Japanese 
emperor  to  the  suicidal  policy  of  exporting  silk- 
worm eggs  for  the  purpose  of  providing  the 
most  formidable  rival  Japan  can  encounter  in 
the  European  markets  with  the  means  of  pro- 
ducing a  crop  of  silk  in  Italy  one-third  greater 
than  Japan  can  raise  under  the  most  favorable 
circumstances. 


a  celebrated  mineralogist,  geologist  and  teacher, 
of  Paris.  As  it  will  no  doubt  be  interesting  to 
many  of  your  readers,  I  gladly  furnish  you  with 
a  drawing,  and  the  following  translation  from 
the  publication  mentioned: 

"Fig.  1  is  an  apparatus  very  practical,  which 
I  employ  to  determine  the  density  of  large 
pieces,  weighing  from  100  to  500  grammes.  A 
bell  glass  with  a  tubulure  at  the  top  and  one  at 
the  side  is  reversed  as  shown  in  the  figure,  sup- 
ported by  a  wooden  tripod.  To  the  latter  tubu- 
lure is  adapted  a  bent  tube,  and  to  the  lower 
opening,  a  tube  and  stop-cock  of  glass,  B,  very 
well  puttied — the  tube  is  made  to  taper  at  the 
lower  end. 

"To  use  the  apparatus:  Pour  into  the  vase  a 
certain  quantity  of  water  and  determine  by 
means  of  a  movable  band  of  paper,  the  level  of 
the  liquid  in  the  tube,  A.  Open  for  a  moment 
the  stop-cock  of  the  tube,  B,  in  order  to  prove 
that  the  tubes  are  all  clean  and  unstopped,  and 
readjust  the  paper  gauge. 

"To  determine  thedensityof  a  mineral:  First, 
weigh  it  on  a  common  balance,  and  then  plunge 
it  into  the  vase,  supported  by  a  fine  wire  or 
thread,  when  the  level  is  raised  in  the  bell 
glass,  the  water  is  allowed  to  flow  into  a  vessel, 
graduated  into  centimeter  cubes,  until  the  origi- 
nal level  is  attained  in  the  tube,  A.  The  volume 
found  in  the  graduate  gives  the  weight  of  the 
water  displaced,  and  furnishes  data  for  the  cal- 
culation of  the  density." 

It  will  be  seen  that  this  apparatus  is  simple, 
can  be  made  of  any  size,  and  may  be  impro- 
vised in  an  emergency.  I  have  fitted  up  the 
apparatus,  and  have  it  in  daily  use.  I  can 
recommend  it  as  admirably  adapted  for  the  pur- 
pose intended. 

If  any  of  your  readers  desire  to  see  it  in  opera- 
tion, I  will  be  pleased  to  show  it  to  them  if  they 
will  call  at  my  laboratory,  619  Montgomery 
street.  It  is  due  to  the  mechanics  of  San  Fran- 
cisco to  say  that  they  can  make  any  kind  of 


apparatus  required,  if  it  is  properly  described 
to  them,  and  it  seems  Btrangely  unwise  to  send 
to  Europe  or  elsewhere  for  what  can  be  made  so 
well  at  home. 

The  above  described  apparatus  is  not  adapted 
for  taking  the  specific  gravity  of  small  bodies. 
To  determine  the  density  of  fragments  which  do 
notexceed  five  grammeB  in  weight,  "Jolly's Spiral 
Balance,"  Fig.  2,  is  admirably  fitted.  The  same 
work  quoted  above  gives  an  engraving  of  this 
apparatus  {here  reproduced),  with  the  follow- 
ing description: 

"This  balance  is  very  convenient  to  determine 
rapidly  the  density  of  minerals.  Its  great  ad- 
vantage is  that  no  weights  are  used.  The  re- 
sults are  only  approximative,  but  are  sufficient- 
ly correct  to  distinguish  one  species  from  an- 
other. 

"It  consists  of  a  square  wooden  stand,  to  one 
face  of  which  is  a  strip  of  looking-glass,  upon 
which  is  attached  a  scale,  graduated  into  mill- 
meters.  The  stem  is  provided  with  a  base  and 
leveling  screws. 

"Along  the  stem  is  asliding  platform,  ..4, upon 
which  a  vessel  of  water  is  supported.  In  the 
glass  is  sunk  a  little  cup  of  glass,  a,  supported 
by  platinum  wires,  and  above  it  a  metallic  pan, 
c,  also  supported  by  wires  of  platinum.  At 
/,  is  fixed  a  triangle  of  cardboard,  which  acts 
as  a  pointer.  The  whole  is  suspended  by  a 
spiral  of  steel  or  brass  wire,  from  a  projecting 
support,  B,  which  slides  in  a  groove  in  the 
stem,  allowing  the  spiral  to  be  fixed  at  any  con- 
venient hight,  and  held_kin  place  by  the  set 
screw,  c. 

"To  use  this  instrument — take  the  first  reading 
by  bringing  the  pointer  and  its  image  in  the 
glass  to  the  same  level  while  the  cup,  A,  is 
immersed  in  the  water  in  the  glasB  vessel — this 
is  done  by  raising  or  lowering  the  platform. 
The  reading  on  the  scale  may  — 'X,'  the  min- 
eral fragment  is  then  placed  in  the  pan,  C,  and 
the  platform  moved  downward  until  the  instru- 
ment is  again  at  rest;  and  the  position  of  the 
poiuter  again  taken  ='Y,'  Y-X=  weight  in  air. 
The  fragment  is  then  changed  to  the  cup,  A, 
and  the  reading  of  the  pointer  again  taken  ='Z.' 
Then  Y-Z=loss  of  weight  in  water.  Divide 
weight  in  air  by  loss  of  weight  in  water  to  ob- 
tain specific  gravity. 

New  Gravel  Mining  Pump.— We  some 
time  ago  made  mention  of  a  gravel  pump  built 
for  a  mining  company  operating  on  the  gold- 
bearing  bars  of  a  river  in  South  America. 
Another  of  these  pumps  has  just  been  built  by 
Mr.  William  Deacon,  of  the  Main  Street  Works, 
for  the  American  Mining  and  Dredging  Co., 
who  owns  the  patent  right.  This  centrifugal 
pump  differs  in  many  important  respects  from 
the  ones  previously  made.  It  has  a  suction 
pipe  13  inches  in  diameter  with  a  46-inch  run- 
ner, and  is  driven  by  two  high  pressure  engines 
10x12  at  a  speed  of  250  revolutions  per  minute. 
The  pump  is  being  set  on  a  boat  which  was 
launched  a  few  weeks  since  on  that!  part  of  the 
Feather  river  known  as  the  Lava  Beds,  about 
rive  miles  below  Oroville.  The  boat  is  pro- 
vided with  the  most  improved  appliances  to 
handle  and  bring  it  into  position  wherever 
needed.  The  calculated  power  of  the  machine 
is  about  2,000  tons  of  gravel  raised  from  a  depth 
of  20  feet  below  the  level  of  the  water  every  24 
hours.  The  machine  was  built  after  the  plans 
of  the  inventor,  Mr.  E.  Moreau  of  this  city. 
The  machinery  is  nearly  all  in  place,  and  will 
shortly  be  put  at  work  in  the  river  bed  as  stated. 

Charles  S.  Sargent  raises  a  warning  voice 
in  the  American  Journal  of  Science  against  the 
wanton  destruction  of  pine  forests  in  Nevada. 
He  says  the  forests  of  Nevada,  consisting  of  a 
few  species  adapted  to  struggle  with  the  adverse 
conditions  of  soil  and  climate,  are  immense  and 
reach  maturity  only  after  centuries  of  exceed- 
ingly slow  growth.  On  this  account,  andbecause, 
if  once  destroyed,  the  want  of  moisture  will 
forever  prevent  their  restoration  either  naturally 
or  by  the  hand  of  man,  he  urges  action  to 
prevent  the  destruction. 

Severe  shocks  of  earthquake  occurred 
throughout  Costa  Rica  on  May  29th  and  30th. 
The  cathedral  in  San  Jose  was  partially  de- 
stroyed. Slight  shocks  of  earthquake  were  felt 
on  the  Isthmus  of  Panama. 


394 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[June  21,  1879. 


CORRESPONDENCE. 


We  admit,  unendorsed,  opinions  of  correspondents. — Eds. 


Beet  Sugar  in  California. 

Editors  Press: — In  a  former  communication 
I  promised  to  give  the  readers  of  the  Press  a 
detailed  statement  why,  so  far,  the  beet  sugar 
industry  in  California,  the  same  as  in  the  whole 
United  States,  has  made  no  headway,  in  fact,, 
has  been  a  failure.  I  have  visited  every  beet- 
sugar  factory  which  has  been  in  existence  in 
California ;  I  have  conversed  with  many  people 
who  have  been  directly  and  indirectly  interested 
in  them,  and  have  thus  been  able  to  form  an 
opinion,  which,  I  think,  is  pretty  nearly  correct. 

I  know,  in  giving  this  opinion  to  the  public, 
I  run  the  risk  of  stepping  on  some  gentlemen's 
sensibilities,  and  will  therefore  apologize  before- 
hand, being  unavoidable  in  order  to  adhere 
strictly  to  the  truth.  But  before  I  give  a  de- 
tailed description  of  these  beet-sugar  establish- 
ments I  will  here  first  of  all  state  some  funda- 
mental points  on  which  my  judgment  is  based. 

Any  beet-sugar  factory  established  in  Cali- 
fornia, or  in  any  other  State  of  the  Union,  if 
the  same  had  been  erected  in  the  same  style, 
with  the  same  machinery,  in  any  country  where 
the  beet-sugar  industry  flourishes,  and  could  not 
have  existed  there,  it  could  not  have  been  ex- 
pected to  turn  out  anything  else  than  a  failure 
here.  Any  man  who  would  not  be  entrusted 
with  the  erection  and  construction  of  beet-sugar 
works  in  a  country  which  offers  every  facility 
for  establishing  beet-sugar  works,  ought  not  to 
have  been  entrusted  with  it  in  a  country  where 
the  beet-sugar  industry  is  new  and  has  to  over- 
come many  obstacles  unknown  in  old  sugar  dis- 
tricts. 

To  establish  beet-sugar  works  with  reasonable 
certainty  that  they  will  pay,  four  things  are  in- 
dispensable. These  are :  Beets,  money,  fuel 
and  water.  Of  each  of  these  four  it  requires  a 
liberal  supply ;  if  either  of  them  is  wanting  or 
but  scantily  supplied,  failure  certainly  will  be 
the  result.  Besides  a  liberal  supply  of  these 
four  articles,  all  of  which  exist  in  great  abun- 
dance in  California,  it  requires  men  who  under- 
stand the  business  and  also  the  English  language, 
and  know  the  country  well  enough  to  avail  them- 
selves of  the  great  many  advantages  which  the 
United  States  offer  to  the  beet-sugar  industry. 

The  sugar  factories,  which  so  far  have  been 
the  representatives  of  this  industry  in  Cali- 
fornia have  been:  Alvarado,  Soquel,  Sacramento 
and  Isleton.  Neither  of  these  factories  started 
on  a  sound  basis,  neither  had  money  enough, 
while  the  first 'had  a  supply  of  fuel  which  was 
worse  than  questionable.  In  1871,  the  two 
first-named  factories  were  started,  the  one  in 
Alvarado,  under  the  management  of  a  German, 
on  the  centrifugal  system,  the  one  at  Sacra- 
mento under  the  management  of  a  French 
count.  Alvarado  started  a  little  the  earlier, 
and  was  estimated  to  cost  §75,000,  while  Sacra- 
mento was  to  cost  only  $15,000.  No  sooner 
did  it  become  known  that  the  French 
count  could  (or,  better,  would)  build  a  beet- 
sugar  factory  for  so  small  a  sum,  displeasure 
and  discontent  were  manifested  by  the  others 
that  they  had  entered  into  a  contract  requiring 
five  times  as  much  money.  There  is  very  little 
donbt,  had  a  change  to  the  "French"  plan  been 
still  possible,  it  would  have  been  made,  but 
though  that  was  impossible,  the  seed  of  discon- 
tent once  sown  grows  as  luxuriant  as  the  beets, 
which  is  saying  a  great  deal. 

The  Alvarado  Sugar  Works  worked  well  the 
first  year  and  cleared  a  profit  of  from  $15,000  to 
$18,000,  while  the  Sacramento  factory  failed  to 
make  any  sugar  at  all.  The  French  count 
taking  French  leave  has  never  been  heard  from 
since.  The  authorities  are  conflicting  as  to  the 
system  on  which  this  factory  was  to  work,  the 
probability  is  it  had  no  system  at  all. 

The  success  at  the  Alvarado  works  undoubt- 
edly encouraged  the  Sacramento  Beet  Sugar 
Company,  they  engaged  an  expert  beet-sugar 
manufacturer  in  Germany,  and  imported  a  lot 
of  machinery  to  take  a  new  departure  in  the 
diffusion  system.  The  machinery  was  badly 
proportioned  and  worse  arranged.  The  various 
changes  made  by  the  seven  different  technical 
managers  made  only  a  bad  thing  worse,  the  ex- 
pert sugar  manufacturers  were  turned  out,  and 
others  took  the  place,  who  understood  little  of 
the  business,  to  be  turned  out  again  to  make 
place  for  worse  ones  still.  The  places  as  fore- 
men, machinist,  etc.,  etc.,  were  sold  by  those 
who  managed  the  finances,  the  whole  under- 
taking from  beginning  to  end  was  a  combina- 
tion of  imbecility,  dishonesty  and  folly,  which 
would  have  ruined  any  other  business,  however, 
profitable  and  simple. 

It  can  not  be  denied  that  the  Central  Pacific 
railroad  made  great  efforts  and  sacrificed  large 
sums  of  money  to  make  the  sugar  works  at 
Sacramento  a  success;  but  all  in  vain,  the  factory 
could  not  have  worked  successfully  in  Europe 
if  it  could  have  been  transferred,  and  cor- 
'  ruption  was  the  order  of  the  day  from  the 
president  to  the  night  watchman.  The  bank 
which  had  advanced  money  on  a  mortgage  fore- 
closed the  same  and  sold  the  machinery. 

Although  the  factory  at  Alvarado  worked 
with  a  profit  the  first  year,  the  discord  amongst 
the  owners  prevented  it  ever  afterwards,  and 


caused  the  breaking  up  of  the  works  and  the 
removal  of  the  machinery  to  Soquel,  where  it 
has  existed  for  five  years  longer.  It  is  intended 
to  work  but  a  few  months  this  year,  and  that 
for  the  last  time,  after  which  it  will  be  removed 
again.  During  the  last  season  (the  factory 
worked  from  August  till  March)  the  sheriffs  had 
possession  of  it,  which  does  not  tell  well  for 
profit;  but  these  beet-sugar  factories  have  a 
peculiar  "inwardness,"  which  is  next  to  im- 
possible for  outsiders,  who  are  not  in  the 
( 'ring, "  to  understand.  The  same  parties  who 
placed  the  sugar  works  in  the  hands  of  the 
sheriffs,  work  it  this  year  for  their  own  joint 
account. 

To  complete  this  little  sketch,  it  remains  to 
refer  to  the  beet-sugar  works,  at  Isleton.  This 
factory  has  been  built  on  the  diffusion  principle, 
and  the  main  partis  constructed  very  well.  The 
capacity  of  the  works  is,  under  the  best  cir- 
cumstances, 30  tons  of  beets  per  day.  The 
troubles  of  this  company  began  before  the 
machinery  arrived,  which  was  embargoed  in 
New  York.  This  factory,  like  the  one  at  Sacra- 
mento, had  a  great  number  of  technicalmanagers 
in  a  wonderfully  short  time.  Had  the  works 
been  finished  in  proper  time,  and  began  sugar 
making  when  finished,  the  company  could  still 
have  done  well.  The  beets  raised  on  the  island 
where  the  factory  is  located  are  of  a  very  rich 
quality,  and  the  crops  always  large  and  safe.  But 
when  the  factory  at  last  did  begin  to  work,  it 
had  been  in  operation  but  a  short  time  when  a 
flood  came,  swamping  the  harvested  beets,  the 
beet  fields  which  had  not  yet  been  harvested, 
and  with  it  the  company.  The  sugar  made  at 
Isleton  has  been  of  a  superior  quality,  the 
trouble  lying  in  the  finances  and  the  peculiar 
organization.  The  factory  does  not  work  this 
year,  but  the  company  hopes  to  reorganize. 

A  small  number  of  gentlemen  have  entered 
into  the  beet  sugar  industry  from  purely  patri- 
otic motives,  knowing  it  would  bring  blessings 
to  the  country,  and  they  have  sacrificed  large 
sums;  but  the  most  have  tried  to  make  money 
out  of  their  friends,  caring  little  whether  they 
made  sugar  out  of  beets,  the  money  under  any 
circumstances  had  the  sweetness  to  them, 
though  it  proved  very  bitter  to  others  and  to  the 
industry  at  large.  But  I  am  sure  nobody  can 
contradict  me  when  1  assert  that  not  one  of  all 
the  parties  who  have  been  in  the  beet-sugar 
business,  in  California,  had  any  perception  what 
a  well-appointed,  complete  beet-sugar  factory 
costs  in  Europe,  and  what  it  would  necessarily 
cost  here,  otherwise  they  would  never  have  ven- 
tured with  $15,000,  or  even  $75,000. 

The  machinery  once  at  Sacramento  has  been 
transferred  to  the  buildings  at  Alvarado,  and 
such  changes  are  intended  as  are  required  to 
make  it  in  all  its  appointments,  a  first-class 
beet-sugar  factory  of  a  European  model.  The 
factory  is  to  begin  sugar  making  by  the  first  day 
of  September,  and  the  beet  crop  promises  to 
be  an  extra  large  one — probably  from  20,000  to 
25,000  tons. 

It  is  to  be  hoped  that  the  company  has 
learned  wisdom  from  former  failures,  and  will 
not  commit  the  same  follies  over  again.  The 
unqualified  success  of  the  Standard  Sugar  Man- 
ufacturing Co.  would  give  new  life  and  a  new 
start  to  this  industry  in  California.  But  few 
people  have  a  conception  of  the  magnitude  of 
this  industry  in  Europe.  The  following  figures 
which  are  official  may  surprise  them: 

On  the  4th  and  5th  of  May,  this  year,  the  as- 
sociated beet-sugar  manufacturers  of  Austria 
celebrated  the  25th  anniversary  of  the  organiza- 
tion of  their  society.  Twenty-five  years  ago  the 
beet-sugar  industry  was  trying  to  gain  a  sound 
foothold;  to-day  it  is  the  giant  of  all  the  indus- 
tries in  the  empire.  The  following  figures  will 
give  a  view  of  the  magnitude  this  industry  has 
assumed  in  25  years :  Two  million  of  acres  are 
annually  cultivated  in  beets  by  the  sugar  manu- 
facturers themselves,  and  fully  as  many  more  by 
farmers  who  sell  their  beets  to  the  sugar  works. 
One  hundred  and  twenty  thousand  workmen 
are  permanently  employed  in  the  sugar  facto- 
ries; a  large  number  of  them  are  skilled  me- 
chanics. The  value  of  land  was,  25  years  ago, 
from  70  to  SO  florins  per  acre;  now  it  is  from 
300  to  350  florins.  The  sugar  factories  fatten 
annually   70,000   oxen  on  the   pulp   from   the 

its.  The  sugar  factories  transport  over  the 
railroads  annually  from  3,500,000  to  4,000,000 
tons  of  freight,  amongst  which  is  1,000,000  tons 
of  coal,  which  they  consume.  The  tax  gatherer 
has  easy  work  in  the  sugar  districts,  as  they  are 
paying  taxes  readily. 

The  229  sugar  factories  in  Austria  have  not 
only  supplied  the  entire  home  consumption,  but 
they  have  exported  2,000,000  centals  of  sugar, 
importing  therefore  42,000,000  florins  of  gold 
and  silver.  The  permanent  investment  in  ma- 
chinery and  buildings  in  these  229  factories  is 
over  100,000,000  florins,  and  as  large  a  sum  in 
agriculture  and  working  capital.  This,  then, 
gives  an  investment  for  each  sugar  factory,  for 
agriculture,  working  capital  and  machinery,  of 
""1,000  florins,  or,  in  round  numbers,  $400,000 
or  $200,000  for  machinery  and  buildings.  Where 
then  are  our  notions  of  $15,000  to  build  a  beet- 
sugar  factory  with  at  Sacramento? 

The  sugar  industry,  either  from  cane  or  beets, 
is  at  present  the  largest  industry  in  the  world, 
aud  yields  larger  and  safer  profits  than  auy 
other;  and  a  great  reason  for  this  is  that  it  can- 
not be  done  with  small  sums  of  money  or  by 
anybody  who  understands  nothing  of  it,  and 
this  is  also  the  reason  that  the  demand  for  gold 
and  sugar  has  been,  for  the  last  ten  years, 
greater  than  the  supply,  while  every  other  in- 
dustry has  been  languishing. 

Ernest  Th.  Gennert. 

Alvarado,  Alameda  Co.,  CaL 


The  Mineral  King  Mines  of  Tulare  Co. 

Editors  Press: — Now  that  work  is  about  to 
begin  in  earnest  and  on  a  large  scale  in  the 
Mineral  King  district  of  this  county,  your  read- 
ers may  be  interested  in  a  description  of  that 
promising  mining  region,  which  I  have  had  the 
good  fortune  to  obtain  from  an  intelligent  pros- 
pector and  observer,  who  has  been  intimately 
acquainted  with  that  part  of  the  Sierras  for  six 
years  past. 

First,  it  should  be  known  that  our  enterpris- 
ing friend,  Senator  Tom  Fowler,  is  having  his 
new  wagon  road  to  that  wild  mountain  district 
pushed  to  rapid  completion.  Ten  miles  of  it 
are  already  finished,  and  work  is  progressing 
along  the  remaining  miles,  so  that  the  latter 
part  is  likely  to  be  finished  before  the  Fourth 
of  July.     He  has 

A  30-Stamp  Mill- 
Formerly  used  in  Nevada  county — waiting  at 
the  Visalia  R.  R.  depot,  to  be  hauled  to  the 
mines  as  soon  as  the  mountain  road  is  done. 
This  mill,  designed  to  crush  the  ores  of  Fowler's 
Empire  mine,  is  to  be  erected  at  Harry's  Bend, 
a  central  point  in  the  Mineral  King  district. 

Now  for  the  description  of  the  geological  fea- 
tures, and  the  metallic  deposits  of  this  region, 
which  is  doubtless  destined  to  become  famous 
among  the  many  noted  mining  districts  of  the 
Pacific  coast. 

My  informant  is  Mr.  J.  P.  Ford,  whom  I  had 
the  pleasure  to  make  a  Granger  at  Piano  on 
Tule  river  five  years  ago.  He  was  one  of  the 
early  discoverers  of  the  Mineral  King  district. 
He  now  spends  his  summers  there  prospecting, 
and  his  winters  in  Hanford,' carpentering.  Since 
1873  he  has,  according  to  common  consent, 
thoroughly  examined  that  whole  mineral  belt, 
which  by  his  kind  information  I  shall  now 
describe. 

The  Extent  of  this  Mineral  Belt 
Proper  is  about  12  miles  long  and  3  wide,  its 
center  being  some  50  miles  east  and  15  miles 
north  of  Visalia.  Its  general  course  runs  west 
of  north  and  east  of  south — with  the  usual 
trend  of  our  mountain  ranges — at  an  angle  of 
about  24°.  There  are  not  less  than  six  true 
fissure  veins  in  the  district. 

As  regards  its  geological  character,  the  lead- 
ing formations  consist  of  carbonates  of  lime, 
mica  schist,  or  mica  slate,  gneiss,  syenite  and 
porphyritic  rocks,  including  several  strata  of 
trap  rocks.  These  porphyries  and  traps  are  the 
only  signs  of  any  later  volcanic  action  in  this 
mineral  district.  Mr.  Ford  has  found  no  form 
of  lava,  no  scoWae,  no  pumice-stone,  no  lava. 
Yet  almost  in  a  straight  line  between  this  re- 
gion and  Mt.  Whitney — some  18  miles  north- 
east of  the  former  and  12  southwest  of  the 
latter — he  assures  me  there  are  large  masses  of 
obsidian  or  smoky  quartz — whichever  it  will 
prove  to  be.  Some  boulders  of  it  are  from  three 
to  five  feet  long,  and  are  occasionally  so  vitre- 
ous and  transparent,  that  through  pieces  from 
six  to  eight  inches  thick  you  can  see  the  hand 
moved  to  and  fro,  and  even  distinguish  the 
finger-nails. 

We  have  mentioned 

Six  True  Fissure  Veins. 

Of  these  the  White  Chief,  the  Lady  Franklin, 
and  the  Empire  are  the  largest.  The  White 
Chief  is  on  the  extreme  western  boundary  of  the 
district.  Its  ores  are  sulphuret  of  lead  (galena), 
and  sulphuret  of  zinc  (Black  Jack  of  the  miners), 
in  combination  with  silver.  The  Lady  Frank- 
lin and  Empire  veins  are  near  the  center  of  the 
mineral  belt,  along  a  west  and  east  line.  The 
Lady  Franklin  ore  is  sulphuret  of  lead,  with 
silver  and  iron.  The  ores  of  the  Empire  mine 
are  of  an  entirely  different  character,  compris- 
ing carbonate  of  lead  in  small  quantities,  and 
ruby  silver,  with  some  base  metals  and  gangue 
rocks.  In  the  Black  Wolf  are  found  copper 
with  sulphurets  of  iron  and  silver,  copper  being 
the  chief  element,  amounting  sometimes  to  50%. 
Another  vein,  called  the  Chihuahua,  is  rich  in 
silver  and  lead,  and  contains  a  large  percentage 
of  antimony.  In  this  ore  the  sulphuret  of  lead 
sometimes  amounts  to  80%.  A  small  vein, 
called  the  Crystal  lode,  is  richer  in  lead  and 
silver  than  any  yet  discovered. 

Besides  the  above,  there  are  many 

Other  Veins  Appearing1  on  the  Surface 
That  have  not  yet  been   proved   to   be   fissure 
veins.     Among  these,  Amalgam  Hill  lode  bears 
strong  evidence  of  being  a  true  fissure  vein,  and 
so  does  Mineral  Hill  lode. 

Along  the  eastern  boundary  of  this  mineral 
belt,  a  large  and  well-defined  lode  of  plumbago 
has  been  found  during  the  last  18  months,  and 
some  specimens  of  it  are  found  to  contain  as 
much  as  $64  of  silver  per  ton. 

With  reference  to  amounts  of  ore,  we  may 
state,  that,  on  the  dump  of  oue  claim  of  the 
White  Chief  lode,  at  least  1,000  tons  of  ore  can 
be  seen;  some  say  as  much  as  1,500  tons.  As- 
says of  this  ore  give  as  high  as  §300  per  ton  sil- 
ver, and  none  less  than  $40.  On  the  dump  of 
Lady  Franklin  lode,  from  300  to  500  tons  of  ore 
can  be  seen.  Its  average  assay  is  $80  silver  per 
ton,  and  some  22%  lead. 

A  Number  of  Tunnels 
Have  already  been  run,  as  follows:  In  the 
White  Chief  there  is  one  about  280  feet  long, 
the  ore  not  yet  reached,  and  work  at  present 
suspended.  In  the  John  Franklin  lode— prob- 
ably a  slide  or  surface  lode — a  tunnel  has  been 
made  over  70  feet.  The  longest  tunnel  yet  con- 
structed is  in  the  Empire  lode.  It-  is  already 
about  480  feet  long,  and  is  being  pushed  ahead . 


at  the  rate  of  more  than  three  feet  every  24 
hours.  On  the  Black  Wolf,  one  tunnel  has  been 
run  80  feet  and  work  stopped,  but  on  another 
part  of  this  lode,  a  second  tunnel  is  being 
pushed  ahead  night  and  day  by  Samstage  & 
Co.,  and  is  now  in  about  100  feet.  There  is  an 
important  tunnel,  intended  to  crosscut  several 
lodes,  now  in  about  200  feet,  and  owned  by  the 
New  England  Tunnel  and  Smelting  Company. 
Improvements  in  this  New  Mining-  District 
Are  few  as  yet,  but  among  them  is  a  good  sized 
and  convenient  public  house,  kept  by  E.  S. 
Smith.  Three  years  ago  a  saw-mill  was  put  up 
near  Harry's  Bend.  At  least  100,000  feet  of 
lumber  have  already  been  sawed  and  used. 

Two  years  ago  last  fall,  a  water-jacket  blastfur- 
nace, with  a  Sturdevant  blower,  was  erected  by 
this  New  England  Co.  The  general  belief  is 
that  this  machinery  has  not  been  properly  han- 
dled to  develop  the  real  capacity  of  this  mineral 
belt,  and  for  reasons  best  known  to  said  New 
England  Co.  They  certainly  failed  to  make 
bullion,  but  this  failure  is  generally  believed  to 
have  been  intentional.  What  could  have  been 
their  object  ?  Apparently,  to  gobble  up  all  float- 
ing stock,  and  thus  to  monopolize  the  property 
— "the  old,  old  story"  of  joint  stock  companies 
in   general. 

Much  interest  is  taken  in  the  first  work  of  the 
30-stamp  mill,  which  will  soon  be  ready  to 
work 

The  Empire  Mine  Ores. 

The  latter  have  yielded,  in  assays  on  which 
Mr.  Fowler  relies,  an  average  of  $121  per  ton, 
silver.  It  may  be  well  to  state  that  several  of 
the  most  rebellious  ores  of  this  district  are  now 
being  tested  by  a  new  process.  The  result  is 
watched  with  interest,  and  will  be  known  in  a 
few  weeks  it  is  hoped. 

Before  closing,  it  may  be  best  to  say  about 
the  geological  formation  of  this  district,  that 
gneiss  is  found  only  on  the  west  wall  of  the 
White  Chief  lode,  and  it  forms  the  west  wall 
of  this  mining  district.  This  gneiss  extends 
between  a  quarter  and  a  half  mile  west,  and  is 
backed  up  by  masses  of  granite.  On  the  east- 
ern side  of  this  district,  this  massive  granite 
also  unites  with  the  porphyritic  rocks. 

In  several  spots  near  the  western  limit  of  this 
mineral  belt,  some  loose,  large  boulders,  of  gray 
and  yellow  rock  like  serpentine,  are  found.  In 
one  place  near  the  eastern  limit,  considerable 
hornblende  exists.  It  is  also  an  interesting 
fact,  that  near  the  center  of  the  district,  there  is 

A  Large  Deposit  of  Magnetic  Iron, 
Which  can  be  made  useful,  if  combined  with 
silica  to  form  a  flux  for  the  absorption  of  sul- 
phur from  the  numerous  valuable  ores. 

Mr.  Ford,  from  his  intimate  acquaintance 
with  this  mineral  belt,  is  satisfied  that  in  the 
next  10  years  the  mining  property  there  will 
exceed  the  value  of  all  other  property  in  Tulare 
county,  even  if  we  rate  unirrigated  railroad 
lands  at  $20  to  40  per  acre.  He  believes  it  will 
soon  rival  the  Virginia  City  silver  mines  in  their 
best  days.  People  are  ouly  waiting  for  the 
completion  of  the  new  wagon  road,  and  then  we 
may  look  for  an  eager  rush  to  the  new  mining 
region,  like  the  old  rush  to  Cariboo,  to  White 
Pine,  to  Virginia  City,  to  the  Black  Hills,  and 
to  Leadville. 

For  the  sake  of  this  very  promising  part  of 
California,  both  as  regards  our  agricultural  and 
mining  interests,  we  earnestly  hope  the  bright- 
est of  these  anticipations  will  be  realized. 

Hanford,  June  9th.  J.  W.  A.  W. 


Aztec  Ruins. — -A.  singular  ruin  stands  on  a 
little  hill  near  the  north  bank  of  the  Gila  river, 
three  and  a  half  miles  from  the  new  railroad 
station  at  Gila  Bend.  Surrounding  a  space  of 
two  or  more  acres  are  stone  walls,  still  standing 
to  a  hight  of  three  or  four  feet,  enclosing  some 
twenty  rooms  and  a  peculiar  structure  which 
can  readily  be  imagined  to  have  been  an  altar. 
It  is  a  perfect  circle,  within  which  lines  of  stones 
describe  two  equilateral  triangles  intersecting 
each  other  and  forming  a  six-pointed  star.  At 
each  point  of  the  star,  and  in  its  hexagonal 
center  are  small  circles  of  stones.  Upon  a  rock 
near  this  structure  is  cut  the  figure  of  a  man 
with  outstretched  arm  pointing  to  the  north. 
There  is  little  doubt  that  excavation  of  the  de- 
bris surrounding  these  ruins  would  disclose 
implements  and  other  relics  of  a  long  forgotten 
race. — Arizona  Sentinel, 


Railroad  Gauges. — Two  or  three  instances 
in  which  the  gauge  of  roads  has  been  changed 
from  three  feet  to  four  feet  eight  and  a  half 
inches  have  been  cited  to  prove  the  failure  of 
the  narrow  gauge.  What,  then,  is  to  be  inferred 
from  the  fact  that  the  Cherokee  railroad  in 
Georgia,  which  now  has  a  gauge  of  five  feet,  is 
to  be  changed  to  the  three  feet  gauge  ?  We  ap- 
prehend that  because  one  gauge  is  suited  to  a 
certain  locality,  it  does  not  follow  that  it  is  the 
only  proper  gauge  for  all  the  other  roads  in  the 
world — or  vice  versa. 

H.  W.  Vogel  has  photographed  the  spectrum 
of  pure  oxygen,  using  for  the  purpose  the  gela- 
tine bromide  of  silver  plates  prepared  in  Eng- 
land. These  plates  have  only  recently  been 
introduced,  and  are  said  to  be  15  times  more 
sensitive  than  the  most  sensitive  wet  plates. 
The  photographs  will  soon  be  published. 

Some  50  new  species  of  fish  have  been  dis- 
covered in  our  Atlantic  waters  during  the  year 
1878,  by  the  labors  of  the  U.  S.  Fish  Commis- 
sion. A  full  description  and  classification  of 
these  important  discoveries  will  appear  in  the 
publications  of  the  U.  S.  National  Museum. 


June  21,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


395 


ECHANIOAL 


ROGRESS. 


A  Rapid  Voyage. 

The  "fastest  ruu  on  record"  has  just  been  ac- 
complished by  the  English   mail  steamer   DltT* 

l»in,  Union  Steam  Company,  (.'apt.  A.  S.  War- 
leigh,  with  telegrams  from  the  seat  of  war  at 
the  Cape.  Leaving  Table  bay  a  little  before  8 
p.  M.,  on  April  1st,  tho  stoamor  soon  settled  to 
her  work,  and  before  1 1  on  the  followiug  morn- 
ing she  had  overhauled  and  passed  thu  Ediu- 
which  had  left  the  Cape  Town 
docks  fully  three  ami  one-half  hours  before  her. 
Noon  of  this  day  disclosed  the  fact  that  she  had 
run  a  distance  of  221  miles  during  the  previous 
16  hours,  or  close  upon  14  knots  an  hour.  A 
light,  favoring  breeze  springing  up  steadied  the 
action  of  the  screw,  and  the  recording  slate  at 
noon  of  the  following  day  conveyed  the  welcome 
intelligence  that  she  had  run  a  distance  of  33S 
miles,  or  14.1  knots  an  hour.  The  nine  follow- 
ing days  told  almost  the  same  tale,  and  at  the 
close  of  tho  tenth  a  total  of  3,231  milos  was 
reached,  giving  an  average  speed  of  323  i  miles 
per  diem,  or  13£  miles  an  hour,  a  result  never 
before  attained  by  any  of  the  steamers  of  this  or 
the  Donald  Currio  Hue,  and  not  excelled,  I  be- 
lieve, by  the  famous  Cunard  line,  and  this  with- 
out tho  aid  of  any  favoring  breezes,  which 
failed  after  the  second  day.  Throughout  the 
four  following  days  Bhe  encountered  a  succes- 
sion of  head  winds,  head  seaa  and  opposing  cur- 
rents, but  notwithstanding  this  the  steamer 
kept  up  an  average  of  298  miles  per  diem,  and 
Madeira  was  reached  on  the  latter  part  of  the 
14th  day.  After  remaining  at  that  port  for  four 
and  one-half  hours,  the  steamer  proceeded  on 
her  course  across  the  dreaded  Bay  of  Biscay  to 
Plymouth,  which  she  reached  at  0  P.  M.  on  Sun- 
day, the  20th  ult,,  thus  performing  the  whole 
distance  of  about  0,000  miles  in  IS  days  and  22 
hours,  inclusive  of  all  stoppages,  and  actual 
steaming  18  days  and  16  hours,  or  13.1  knots 
the  whole  voyage.  This  result  eclipses  any- 
thing on  record  in  steam  navigation.  Half  the 
distance  has  been  frequently  done  in  less  time 
by  steamers  of  the  lines  to  New  York;  but  it 
must  be  borne  in  mind  that  it  is  a  far  easier 
task  to  run  3,000  miles  in  nine  days  than  6,000 
miles  in  18  days,  as  the  Durban  has  done,  coals 
having  to  be  carried  for  this  long  distance,  etc. 

Steel  Wire  Belts. 

From  the  Gewerbe  Zeitung  is  taken  the  follow- 
ing account  of  steel  wire  belts,  designed  to  take 
the  place  of  leather  belting:  These  driving 
belts  are  of  the  best  crucible  steel  wire,  in 
transverse  network  of  one  to  two  wires,  in  any 
desirable  length  and  width.  The  two  ends 
of  the  belt  are  joined  like  the  middle,  so  that 
there  is  no  beginning  and  no  ending,  the  belt 
forming  an  endless  band.  The3e  belts  are  not 
to  be  confounded  with  flat  wire  ropes,  which, 
in  consequence  of  the  wires  running  parallel, 
longitudinally,  are  stiff  and  immovable.  All 
the  wires  run  parallel  only  across  the  width  in 
such  a  manner  that  one  wire  catches  into  the 
other  like  a  spiral,  a  continuous  densely-woven 
chain  being  thus  produced,  the  movability  of 
which  is  so  great  as  to  enable  it  to  go  round  the 
smallest  pulley.  The  straps  are  also  made  with 
leather  or  elastic  lining,  or  bordered  with 
leather,  elastic,  hemp,  hair  tape,  or  any  other 
material,  also  its  interstices  tilled   with  gutta- 

fiercha,  to  prevent  their  stretching.  When 
arge  and  broad  belts  are  employed,  the  lining 
of  leather  or  other  material  may  be  omitted. 
The  journal  quoted  makes  very  positive  asser- 
tions of  the  advantages  of  these  belts,  claiming 
that  they  are  in  every  way  superior  to  all  flex- 
ible transmitters  of  motion  heretofore  em- 
ployed. 

Bending  Timber. — The  usual  process  of 
bending  hard  wood,  especially  beech,  by  means 
of  hot  water  or  steam,  is  known  to  be  somewhat 
costly  as  regards  fuel,  and  moreover  requires  a 
long  time.  But  an  invention  has  recently  been 
brought  forward  in  Germany,  it  appears,  for 
making  sieve  hoops  and  similar  objects  by  a  dry 
process,  more  cheaply  and  in  less  time,  from 
Bimple  cut  wood.  Two  rollers  are  employed  in 
the  operation,  one  above  the  other,  and  having 
less  velocity,  so  that  the  upper  acts  by  holding 
back,  while  the  lower  extends  the  wood  fibers. 
When  the  board,  thus  bent,  leaves  the  rollers, 
it  is  fastened  in  the  mouth  of  the  sieve;  the 
upper  roller  is  fluted,  the  under  one  smooth.  If 
two  smooth  rollers  were  used,  a  very  much 
greater  pressure  would,  of  course,  be  required. — 
American  Builder. 


New  Buoys. 

The  immense  oceanic  traffic,  with  its  attend- 
ant dangers,  and  frequent  terrible  loss  of  life, 
has  brought  much  inventive  labor  to  bear  on 
tho  construction  of  signals  and  buoys.  Tho 
means  hitherto  used  to  warn  ships  on  the 
approach  of  dangerous  places,  may  be  divided 
into  two  classes,  namely,  such  as  can  be  seen, 
and  Buch  as  can  be  heard.  Lately  improve- 
ments in  both  these  directions  have  been  made 
in  application  to  buoys.  A  Belgian  QagUlMr, 
Pintseh,  has  constructed  a  buoy  tho  body  of 
which  serves  as  a  reservoir  for  300  cubic  foot 
compressed  illuminating  gas,  and  from  this  a 
self- regulating  lamp  attached  above  the  buoy  is 
supplied.  The  tup  ply  lasts  for  three  months, 
aud  the  light  is  visible  to  a  distance  of  six  or 
eight  miles.  The  cost  iu  Kngtand  was  found  to 
be  three  to  six  pence  in  24  hours.  The  un- 
doubted merits  of  this  invention  have  led  to 
tho  conviction  that  these  buoys  aro  capable  of 
displacing  the  expensive  lightships,  for  it  has 
been  amply  shown  that  the  light  is  not  extin- 
guished iu  the  most  sever%  storm,  and  that 
aside  from  tho  quarter-yearly  filling  with  gas, 
they  nature  no  other  attention  whatever. 

Mr.  J.  fil.  Courteuay,  in  tho  invention  of  the 
buoy  bearing  his  name,  assumed  that  no  light, 
not  even  the  most  powerful  electric,  could  pen- 
etrate a  dense  fog;  ho  therefore  provided  his 
buoy  with  an  automatic  alarm  signal.  Project* 
ing  downward  from  the  air  chamber  of  the 
buoy  is  a  long  tube,  opeu  at  the  bottom,  and 
closed  at  the  top  by  an  arrangement  of  valves. 
The  rising  and  falling  of  tho  column  of  water  in 
tho  tube  performs  the  function  of  an  air  pump, 
the  exit  of  the  compressed  air  being  through  a 
locomotive  whistle  of  10  inch  diameter.  The 
signal  can  be  heard  two  to  four  miles.  The 
lighthouse  board  of  our  government  intends  to 
introduce  an  ingenious  combination  of  the 
above  mentioned  systems  of  buoys,  thereby 
making  the  advantages  of  each  subserve  to  in- 
creased maritime  safety.  We  understand  the 
new  buoy  is  to  be  used  on  the  Pacific  coast. 

New  Railroad  Tie. — At  the  regular  monthly 
meeting  of  the  Engineer's  Club  of  Philadelphia, 
a  model  of  an  iron  railroad  tie,  which  is  being 
tried  on  the  Philadelphia  &  Baltimore  Central 
railroad,  was  exhibited.  The  device  dispenses 
with  all  spikes,  bolts,  nuts,  or  fish  plates,  and 
drilling  or  punching  the  rails,  avoiding  fractures 
from  such  causes.  The  iron  tie,  it  is  claimed, 
will  outlast  12  renewals  of  the  ordinary  tie  at 
one-half  the  cost  to  keep  in  repair.  Each  tie  is 
recessed  under  its  rails,  and  along  the  bottom 
of  the  recess  wedge-shaped  pieces  are  cast 
transversely.  At  the  sides  of  each  recess  are 
creosoted  blocks,  which  form  a  cushion  and  a 
fulcrum  for  two  clamps,  which  grasp  the  flange 
and  web  of  the  rail  above,  bearing  upon  opposite 
faces  of  the  wedge  below.  The  weight  of  the 
train  forces  the  clamps  upon  the  wedge,  spreads 
them  at  the  bottom  and  grips  the  rail.  The 
first  cost  is  somewhat  greater  than  the  wooden 
tie,  but  it  is  said  to  offset  this  iu  durability. 

Delicacy  of  the  Mint  Scales.— New  Orleans 
Times:  The  fine  gold-weighing  scales  made  in 
Philadelphia  for  the  New  Orleans  mint,  and 
placed  in  position  recently,  are  marvels  of 
mechanical  invention  and  accurate  workman- 
ship. The  larger  of  the  two  has  a  capacity  of 
10,000  ounces  Troy,  or  about  686  pounds  avoir- 
dupois, and,  when  loaded  to  its  full  weight,  will 
indicate  a  variation  of  one  thousandth  part  of 
an  ounce,  or  the  millionth  part  of  its  weighing 
capacity.  Another  pair  of  scales  is  the  one 
intended  for  weighing  gold  only.  It  has  bear- 
ings composed  of  the  finest  agates,  which  have 
been  ground  with  wonderful  precision.  So 
delicate  is  this  machine  that  it  will  give  the 
precise  weight  of  a  human  hair,  and  is  suscepti- 
ble to  the  slightest  atmospheric  changes.  Mil- 
lions of  dollars  worth  of  precious  metals  will  be 
weighed  annually  upon  these  scales. 


Scientific  Incredulity. 


1 


America's  Fifteen  Inventions. — An  English 
journal  frankly  gives  credit  to  American  genius 
for  at  least  15  inventions  and  discoveries  which, 
it  says,  have  been  adopted  all  over  the  world. 
These  triumphs  of  American  genius  are  thus 
enumerated:  First,  the  cotton  gin;  second,  the 
planing  machine;  third,  the  grass  mower  and 
grain  reaper;  fourth,  the  rotary  printing  press; 
fifth,  navigation  by  steam;  sixth,  hot  air  or 
caloric  engine;  seventh,  the  sewing  machine; 
eighth,  the  India  rubber  industry;  ninth,  the 
machine  for  manufacture  of  horse  shoes;  tenth, 
the  sand  blast  for  carving;  eleventh,  the  gauge 
lathe;  twelfth,  the  grain  elevator;  thirteenth, 
artificial  ice  manufacture  on  a  large  scale;  four- 
teenth,   the   electro- magnet    and  its    practical 


Tide- Water  Pipe  Line. — This  line  is  now 
completed  from  Coryville,  Pa.,  on  the  McKean 
&  Buffalo  road,  to  WilHamsport,  about  100  miles, 
and  the  first  oil  waB  pumped  into  it  May  28th. 
It  is  designed  to  be  an  independent  line,  and 
will  deliver  its  oil  at  Williamsporfc  to  the  Phila- 
delphia &  Heading  road.  It  is  of  six-inch  pipe 
and  has  an  estimated  capacity  of  6,000  barrels  a 
day.  There  are  two  pumping  stations,  one  at 
Coryville  and  one  at  a  point  22J  miles  east. 
The  line  has  been  an  expensive  one  to  build, 
passing  over  a  rough  and  hilly  country,  to  and 
through  which  the  transportation  of  the  pipe 
was  costly  and  troublesome. — Railroad  Gazette. 

The  Microphone  in  Mine  Disasters. — The 
buried  miners  at  Sugar  Notch  tried  very  hard, 
by  pounding  on  the  walls  and  doors  of  their 
rocky  prison,  to  let  their  friends  outside  know 
they  were  alive,  but  did  not  succeed.  The  ques- 
tion is  raised  whether  the  long  and  distressing 
uncertainty  as  to  their  fate  might  not  have  been 
relieved  had  a  microphone  been  employed. 
Also  whether  it  would  not  be  possible  to  devise 
and  make  known  to  all  workers  underground  a 
simple  code  of  microphonic  signals,  to  be  com- 
municated by  rapping  and  heard  by  means  of 
the  microphone,  whereby  some  sort  of  intercourse 
might  be  kept  up  between  those  without  and 
those  within  a  mine  under  such  circumstances. 


In  the  recent  achievements  of  mechanical  and 
scientific  processes,  the  mind  naturally  reverts 
to  that  period  of  time  when  successful  experi- 
ments existed  in  an  embryotic,  ideal  condition. 
Then,  tho  suggestion,  merely,  of  ideas  that  havo 
fructified  into  all  the  elements  of  socioty,  so 
necessary  to  its  comfort  at  the  present  day,  was 
the  suggestion  of  impossibilities.  Pcienoe  had 
then  arrived,  as  was  generally  believed,  fit  the 
limit  line,  beyond  which  was  the  unknown,  the 
impossible.  In  Bpite  of  the  perfect  state  at 
which  purely  speculative  philosophy  had  arrived, 
the  mind  absolutely  refused  to  combine  with 
matter,  the  intangible  with  the  taugible,  and 
yet,  physically  speaking,  the  latter  was  tho  all- 
important.  It  was  forgotten  that  all  things 
were  possible,  and  that  portion  of  tho  cerebrum, 
which  should  have  contained  tho  knowledge  of 
the  distinction  between  essences  and  prototypes, 
was  a  void,  waiting  for  genius  to  fill  it  with 
possibilities  ex  nih'do. 

What  a  storm  was  raised  about  tho  theory  of 
spontaneous  generation,  yet  the  scientific  lan- 
guage of  Darwin  was  clear  enough.  He  laid 
down  no  more  than  Ponchet  had  actually  dem- 
onstrated with  his  microscope  years  before,  to 
wit:  That  certain  organized  beings  havo  no 
known  progenitor.  There  was  no  denial  of  the 
Creator,  merely  a  misunderstanding  of  terms. 
It  is  a  fact  that  railroad  trains  at  full  speed 
travel  around  sharp  curves  in  perfect  safety, 
and  yet  no  less  a  man  than  Stephenson  disputed 
it,  and  demonstrated  it  to  be  impossible.  The 
uses  of  steam,  of  electricity,  of  all  of  the  now 
practically  useful  contrivances,  have  at  some 
period  received  a  backhanded  blow  from  scien- 
tific incredulity,  yet  the  world  moves.  We 
deny  that  there  is  any  limit  to  scientific  possi- 
bilities. Of  course  we  do  not  fail  to  distinguish 
between  a  change  of  essence,  as  a  Bquare  circle, 
and  the  realization  of  an  ideal  prototype.  And 
in  the  light  of  all  present  developments  there  is 
not  surely  room  for  derison  in  the  direction  of 
any  theoretical  mechanical  or  scientific  ideas. 

Had  the  vox  pojxtli  prevailed,  we  would  now 
have  been  groping  our  way  in  blissful  ignorance 
of  the  wonderful,  nay  mysteriouB  elements, 
practically  applied  in  every  department  of  our 
affairs.  We  must  advance,  for  we  have  gone 
too  far  to  retrace  our  steps  even  if  we  would. 
Those  who  caviled  then,  still  live  to  cavil  now, 
and  with  a  pyrotechnic  display  of  printer's  ink, 
decry  this  and  that  from  a  standpoint  of  pure 
invincible  ignorance  or  deep-seated  jealousy. 
Whether  Keely's  or  Gray's  motors  become  of 
any  practical  benefit  or  not,  they  are  well  worth 
the  trial.  If  they  should  succeed,  cavilers  will 
applaud;  if  they  fail,  "I  told  you  so,"  will  be 
the  epitaph  scientific,  or  rather  unscientific,  in- 
credulity will  place  upon  the  grave  of  labor  and 
research  for  man's  physical  welfare. 

How  often  is  the  germ  of  an  idea,  fecund  with 
future  mechanical  or  scientific  possibilities,  been 
crushed  in  its  inception  by  the  jeers  of  the 
skeptic.  A  monomaniacal,  visionary  scheme, 
true,  but  a  man  of  one  idea  is  generally  the  suc- 
cessful man;  a  monomaniac,  but  with  method 
in  his  madness.  All  schemes  remaining  locked 
up  within  the  recesses  of  the  mind  are  essen- 
tially visionary,  but  their  practical  development 
dispels  the  odious  signification  unjustly  attached 
to  the  word.  Varied  accomplishments  are  bril- 
liant like  the  rocket,  but  end  in  a  poor  stick 
after  all,  unlike  the  still,  persistent  glow  worm, 
to  which  may  be  likened  the  uaobstrusive  vis- 
ions of  the  inventor  having  one  idea.  Let  the 
incipient  inventor  be  encouraged,  and  let  his 
schemes  and  plans  be  assisted  at  least  by  a  neg- 
ative assent,  and  not  derided,  lest  we  destroy 
the  future  of  some  scientific  wonder.  Cui  bono 
the  spectroscope?  A  child's  toy,  to  please  its 
fancy  with  imitation  rainbows©  its  value  in  the 
arts  has  removed  all  incredulity.  Cui  bono 
spontaneous  generation?  It  led  a  Salisbury  to 
the  cryptogamic  theory  of  malarial  diseases  and 
their  cause  and  cure,  and  will  yet  lead  to  the 
destruction  of  the  dread  diphtheritic  bacterium. 
Truly  scientific  incredulity  is  a  fact  I 


Another  New  Metal. 

The  services  tho  spectroscope  is  capable  of 
rendering  to  science  become  more  and  more  evi- 
dent daily,  the  latest  proof  of  the  fact  being 
the  discovery  of  a  new  metal  called  scandium. 
In  some  of  the  mines  in  Sweden  and  Norway 
Binall  quantities  of  earthy  minerals  aro  found, 
called  gadolinito  and  euxonite,  composed  of 
oxides  of  very  rare  motals.  The  bulk  of  the 
substance  is  of  a  rose  color,  arising  from  the 
presence  of  erbium,  and   is   called   erbine.     At 


Brat  it  was  supposed  to  bo  simply  mixed  with 
some  earthy  suustaucee  which  rendered  it  im- 
pure, but  not  long  ago  M.  Marignac  discovered 
the  presence  of  another  metallic  substance, 
which  he  called  ytterbiue,  the  oxide  of  ytter- 
bium, lliiwcvcr,  great  uncertainty  existed  as 
to  the  composition  of  these  bodies,  and  M.  Nil- 
sou  undertook  a  Beries  of  experiments  on  the 
subject.  M.  Borthelot,  at  tho  last  meeting  of 
the  Academy  of  Sciences,  gave  an  account  of 
what  had  been  done  so  far,  tho  result  being  the 
discovery  of  a  new  metal  to  which  M.  Nilson 
has  given  the  name  of  scandium,  to  indicate 
that  it  is  of  Scandinavian  origin.  Erbiue  is,  as 
before  mentioned,  of  a  brilliant  rose  color,  while 
ytterbine  is  white.  But  the  separation  of  the 
two  substances  can  only  be  effected  with  ex- 
treme difficulty.  The  earth  has  to  be  dissolved 
in  boiling  nitric  acid,  and  the  ytterbiue  then 
precipitated  by  sulphuric  acid  ;  and  M.  Nilson 
found  that  the  operation,  repeated  more  than  20 
times,  did  not  completely  separate  the  two 
bodies. 

When  he  had  obtained  a  comparatively  pure 
ytterbine  he  commenced  an  examination  of  it, 
and  then  he  found  that  it  gave  absorption  bands 
in  the  Bpectrum  unknown  to  any  Bubstanco  pre- 
viously examined.  After  repeated  trials  he 
became  convinced  that  he  was  dealing  with  a 
metal  never  before  suspected,  and  he  continued 
his  researches.  He  is  unable  to  say  at  present 
what  may  be  the  chemical  properties  of  the  new 
body,  as  the  quantity  of  material  at  his  disposal 
was  insufficient  to  allow  him  to  isolate  the 
metal.  Nor  can  he  decide  as  yet  aB  to  the  place 
the  new  metal  is  to  take  among  the  older  oneB, 
but  he  considers  that  its  properties  differ  ma- 
terially from  those  of  erbium  and  ytterbium, 
and  that  it  Bhould  rank  between  tin  and  thorium, 
as  the  atomic  weights  of  these  two  are  118  and 
234,  while  he  calculates  that  of  scandium  at 
from  160  to  ISO. — Scientific  American. 


Hemacite. — The  progress  in  the  utilization 
of  waste  products  is  manifested  in  a  striking 
manner  by  the  manufacture  of  a  peculiar  sub- 
stance from  the  blood  of  beeves,  called  hema- 
cite. Although  much  incredulity  has  been  ex- 
pressed concerning  its  utility,  it  appears  to  be 
successfully  established  that  an  article  of  fine 
appearance  and  utility  can  be  made  of  blood, 
either  as  an  entirety  or  after  the  elimination  of 
its  albumen.  After  continued  experiments,  it 
was  discovered  that  by  mixing  the  blood  with 
certain  pulverized  mineral  and  vegetable  sub- 
stances, singly  or  in  combination,  and  the  re- 
sulting mass  triturated  to  a  fine  powder,  and 
then  subjected  to  a  powerful  mechanical  treat- 
ment, it  could  be  formed  into  a  great  variety 
of  useful  articles.  ScrapB  of  paper,  leather  or 
cloth  were  uBed  in  place  of  the  pulverized  Bub- 
stances  mentioned,  with  the  same  result.  For 
different  colors,  however,  the  mineral  or  vege- 
table powder  must  be  used  in  combination. 
Many  goods  are  now  in  market  made  of  hema- 
cite, which  were  formerly  made  of  vulcanized 
rubber.  The  Dibble  Manufacturing  Co.,  at 
Trenton,  N.  J.,  having  been  compelled  to  pro- 
vide specific  machinery,  is  now  in  full  operation 
and  doing  a  large  business. 


Pneumatic  Tubes. — A  system  of  pneumatic 

tubes  took  the  place  of   telegraph  lines  in  Paris 

on  May  1st,  for  the  transmission  of  messages  from 

uDouim,    vug   oic^uiu-uiagucu    <*ix^   iuo    ^a^u^a*    one  part  of   the  city  to  another.     The  charge  is 

application;   fifteenth,  the  composing  machine    50  centimes,  or  10  cents,  for  open,  and  75  cen- 

for  printers.  j  times  for  sealed  messages. 


Science  as  a  Detective. — An  emery  wheel, 
guaranteed  to  stand  600  revolutions,  was  run  at 
the  speed  of  1,000  revolutions,  and  burst,  doing 
a  large  amount  of  damage.  A  suit  to  recover 
was  instituted,  based  on  a  letter  written  by  the 
seller  of  the  wheel,  in  which  the  strength  of  the 
wheel  was  rated  at  1,600  revolutions.  While 
in  the  office  of  the  prosecutor  endeavoring  to 
effect  a  settlement,  the  defendant  observed  that 
a  certain  make  of  ink  was  used,  and  he  learned 
by  a  casual  inquiry  that  the  same  ink  was  used 
exclusively  by  the  prosecutor.  The  defendant 
had  for  several  years  used  another  ink.  Taking 
samples  of  the  two  inks  to  a  chemist,  he  was 
able  after  analysis  to  secure  a  solvent  for  the 
one  which  would  not  affect  the  other.  The  case 
came  to  trial.  Evidence  was  taken  aa  to  the 
kind  of  ink  each  party  employed.  Then  the 
chemist  was  called,  and  in  the  presence  of  the 
jury  applied  the  solvent,  which  removed  the 
interpolated  "1,"  and  left  the  rest  of  the  writ- 
ing untouched.  The  proof  of  the  forgery  was 
sufficient,  and  the  case  was  dismissed,  leaving 
the  dishonest  prosecutor  to  defend  himself  from 
[  a  criminal  charge. — Scientific  American. 


Chloride  of  Magnesia  in  Gas  Meters. — 
Owing  to  the  difficulty  and  expense  of  obtaining 
a  good  dry  meter  wet  meters  are  still  largely  in 
use,  and  the  question  of  what  shall  the  liquid 
be  is  an  important  one.  Water  is,  perhaps,  the 
worst  possible  filling;  it  freezes  in  winter  and 
evaporates  in  summer.  Alcohol  is  free  from 
the  former  disadvantage;  but  not  from  the 
latter.  Glycerine,  the  use  of  which  was  first 
proposed  by  Prof.  H.  Wurtz,  is  better  than 
either.  A  solution  of  chloride  of  magnesium 
has  also  been  tried  and  found  to  be  excellent, 
when  the  gas  is  free  from  ammonia,  which  is, 
unfortunately  seldom  the  case,  as  the  white 
spots  on  our  argand  chimneys  tell  us.  Goebel 
has  tried  chloride  of  magnesium,  and  found  that 
when  there  is  only  0.3  gramme  of  ammonia  in 
100  cubic  meters  of  gas  serious  results  follow  in 
a  few  months.  A  part  of  the  salt  is  decomposed, 
forming  sal  ammoniac,  which  combines  with  a 
second  portion  of  the  former  to  form  a  double 
salt,  magnesia  being  precipitated  as  white 
powder  on  ,the  clockwork  and  wheels.  The 
double  salt  subsequently  decomposes,  liberating 
hydrochloric  acid.  Chloride  of  magnesia  is 
most  effective  in  purifying  gas  from  ammonia.— 
Scientific  America7i. 

Vanilla  from  Oats. — From  oats  a  substance 
is  obtained  having  the  odor  of  vanilla,  by  sub- 
jeeting  the  husks  to  an  extractive  process  simi- 
lar to  that  used  for  obtaining  the  glucose  from 
chiccory  blossoms.  The  substance  thus  ob- 
tained is  odorless,  but  when  its  aqueous  solu- 
tion is  subjected  to  an  oxidizing  process,  it  is 
transformed  into  a  material  having  the  odor  of 
vanilla,  which  can  be  separated  from  the  water 
by  the  use  of  ether,  and  further  purified. 


396 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[June  21,  1879. 


Table  of  Highest  and  Lowest  Sales  in 
S.  F.  Stock  Exchange. 


Name  of 
Company. 

Week 
Way  2». 

Wcefc 
Emliiig 
June  5. 

WccK 
ftmliiicc 
June  11 

Week 
Ending 
June  19 

Al  lia 

23*      21* 

SJ       71 
50c     40c 

li      90c 

30c     20c 

"ei   "5j 

45c     40c 

2n  i 

2.70    1.60 
1        65c 
43       214 
5!    4.55 
13J      11 

291 
10" 
1.35 

1.15 

25c 

il35 
61 
75c 
22 
Si 
2.40 
1.40 
41 
7S 
14J 

2} 

24 

1.05 

3.30 

7 

3J 

98 
181 
2 
H 
85 

45c 
30c 

10c 

i 

40c 

44 
75c 

ii' 

80c 
13 

35c 

15c 

3.90 

43 

4.85 
6 

"6' 

2 
1.95 

1 

80c 
75c 

50c 
li 

2.35 

SI 

454 

3 

11 
1 
7 

50c 
60c 
3S4 
65c 
12 

3 
1 
61 

64 
80c 

174 

56} 
3 
8 

50c 
1 

H 
3i 
20 

65c 
25c 
60c 

44 
3.90 
90c 
40c 
97 
31 

J1 
30c 

50c 
21S 

22; 

8! 

50c 

1 

"i' 

58 

55c 

*?! 
1.90 

1 
364 

6 
114 

2 
14 

75l 

2i 

6! 

7J 
15 
1.65 

61 
51 

35c 

50c 
173 
8 
30i 

3.45 
15c 

'is 

65c 
Hi 
15.^ 
2 
30c 

10c 

3 

4.30 

3.  Si 

5! 
"54 

70c 

1.61 
65c 
55c 

'i6c 
21 

"ii 

42 

"9' 
65c 
6i 

25c 
50c 
371 

ioi 

24 

75c 
5! 

41 

15 

51! 

f 

40c 
80c 
2 
3 
10 
40c 
20c 
25c 

3.45 
34 
75c 
25c 
87 
24 

25c 
25c 

20 

32). 

4 

n 
45 

i!30 

7S 
75c 
21 

"I* 

1.40 
45 

12! 

3 

2.10 
1.10 

4} 

H. 
3.40 

9 

165 
2.35 

7 

65 
30c 
50c 

10c 

45c 
17 
12 
35c 

4 

75c 

ii' 

75o 
134 
18 
2.95 
35c 

10c 
3i 

"5j 

1.45 
3 

fOc 
75c 
1 

50c 
14 
-'J 
64 

18 
45 

f 

9) 

A 

45c 
1 

36} 
75c 
124 

24 
90c 
7 

5 
65c 

16j 
28 
56 
3 

90c 
21 
3.40 
20c 
45c 
50c 
<0c 
50c 
5 
4 

13 

35c 
99 
28 

40c 
40c 

2ii 

28} 
94 
80c 

i 

35c 

"i' 

54 

294      23 

10         8J 

1.15      65c 

i.15       I 

Baltimore  Con 

50c    .... 
40c    .... 
1.30      50c 

61       6J 

65c,  65c      60c 

19  1  19       174 
91     8!       74 

1  7C 

2         13 

1.1b 
41 
7j 
111 

2 

1.55 
70c 
2.65 
61 
3 
81 
15 
1.90 

1 

'25c 

5c 

30c 
15.' 
91 

25c 

3.60 
65c 

"12' 

50c 

Hi 
17 
1.90 
25c 

5c 
5 
44 

4.30 

"5' 

U 
2 

65c 
70c 
50c 

30c 
1 

21 
6 

1.2C 

39 

"83 

90c 
64 

35c 
85c 
32i 

70c 

103 

'56c 
53 

4£ 
60c 

151 
25 
48 
2.4C 

1.55    1.35 

46J      33J 

7         6 

12       10 

2}    1.60 
22      90c 
1       30c 
3         2! 

7       m 

3        21 

9         6| 
16       133 
1.70    1.45 
7         5{ 
6         5 

45c      25c 

24       2 
2.10       13 

1       90c 

3.15    2.60 

6i       53 

3      2.85 

83       73 

154      144 

2.20    1.70 

64       5 

6         6| 

40c    .... 

60c     50c 
18       17 
8S      74 
25c    .... 

3.40    3.10 
20c      15c 

is'    'ii' 

80c      50c 
12J        9* 
18        14J 

2  1.90 

15c      10c 

3  2.80 
4i    3.70 
3j    3.30 
6         54 

"oj  "ii 

80c     65c 
1.40       H 
1      .... 
75c     70c 
80c      70c 

Gila : 

Golden  Chariot 

9}       74 

4.20        4 
80c      75c 

ii'   '.'.'.'. 

Hale  &  Norcross — 

Hillside 

Highbridge 

121    in 

17        154 
2      1.90 
60c     25c 

3.10    2.90 

6         5j 

"5J     "5" 

20c      15c 

1.35    1.20 

Joe  Scates 

KKCon 

40c     25c 
11       1 
3         2} 
63       64 
1.65       It 

39}      33 

2.40       2J 

6i     .... 

1.80       1 

43       40 

North  Con  Virginia. 

101      10 
65c      60c 
6i       6 

25c      15c 

40       37 
95c      60c 
"S       8J 

34    .... 

1       25c 
5J    4.60 

4j        3 

9         8 

Northern  Belle 

68       5 
25c    .... 

1       75c 
344      32 

13       111 

34       3 
90c      60c 
64       51 

43       44 

Raymonds;  Ely.... 

17       124 

54       47 
2)       2 

50c 

90c     25c 

3  li 
3.85       2; 

15c       5c 
50c     35c 

50o      35c 

4}       35 

4  2.20 
80c      70c 
35o      25c 
90       80 
32       181 

1.30    1.10 

'25c    '.'.'.'. 

Hi      W) 

16       143 
28       24 
48       43 
24       2 
8      .... 

70c 
2 
2.1C 
10c 
40c 
20c 
35c 

"f 

95c 
30c 
75 
23 

li 
25c 
30c 

20| 

80c     50c 
24       21 
2.90        2} 
45c      10c 
45c      40c 
35c      25c 
40c      25c 

"54    4\90 

3.95        33 

U       11 

35c      25c 

South  Standard 

Star.... 

Syndicate 

23        2IJ 

13        14 
25c      20c 
40c      30c 

20     isi 

"Ward 

WeUsFargo 

Sales  at  S.  F.  Stock  Exchange, 


Friday  A.  M.,  Juue  13. 

1575  Atlantic 50c 

1045  Andes 1O1.05 

800  Alta !i,\<«'10 

145  Alpha ,.26@27 

1675  Bullion 8J(»6S 

400  Best  &  Belcher 18 

1030  Belcher 6g@6£ 

740  Baltimore  Con 1.30(g>l 

1050  Benton 7@o3 

1235  Caledonia 3@3.15 

85  Confidence 15!i"l,v 

3630  Con  Imperial.  .2. 150>2. 2u 

265  California 6ij@6-* 

745  Crown  Point 5b@os 

595  Con  Virginia 6S@6l 

135  Chollar 8w7:; 

500  Con  Wasooe 40c 

250  Challenge 3c  2 ,  9\ 

1290  C  Dorado 2.'.'"  2 .00 

1520  Exchequer 0>>  -K 

230  Flowery SOi'ooc 

700  Fairfax 11 

755  Gould  &  Curry... Hi"' 11  . 

625  Hale&Nor lrv/irrir.i 

560  Justice 4c  1,05 

775  JuUa 4-;^UJ0 

220  Kentuck... 5051 

1160  Lady  Bryan 1.3T 

1105  Lady  Wash 2 

1150  Leviathan 7(K<t75i 

665  Mexican 3i;A«<:'.7 ,' 

585  Mackey 2<>r'J.05 

100  Maryland 50c 

100  Mount  View 2.40 

110  North  Con  Vir. 

1595  New  York 

920  N  Bonanza...,. 

110  Occidental 

535  Ophir 

550  Overman 

300  Phil  Sheridau 90ct»  1 

550  Potosi 51(a);' 

200  Plutus 1 

10  Seg  Belcher. 


.l.lS'.rflJ 

.21(fl2'.l5 
75c 

..12(d)lli 


)  Savage 11I015>S 

,80@7" 


530  Succor, . 


..80'i'75c 


630  Sierra  Nevada 46@46i 

340  Scorpion 2.90 

320  Silver  Hill 2.40@2i 

200  Solid  Silver 15@10c 

300  Trojan 30@35c 

495  Utah 23@22 

515  Union  Con 70O78 

1270  Ward 1£@1.55 

100  Wells-Fargo 25c 

495  Yellow  Jacket... 18g@19i 

AFTERNOON   SESSION. 

700  Adenda. 75@70c 

815  Aiventa 1. 1001.15 

750  Booker 1 

150  Black  Hawk 2i02.*5 

500  Belvidere 202.05 

135  Bulwer 112012 

280  Bodie 460461 

400  Bechtel 2@i  90 

2025  Belle  Isle 1.3504.45 

650  Belmont 60065c 

1550  Champion 60@70c 

100  Caledonia  (B  H) 41 

550  C  Pacific 83@81 

300  Chieftain iflc 

200  DeFrees 5c 

100  D  Standard 75c 

515  Dudley 1.35@li 

150  Defiance 1.40@1.35 

550  Day 40c 

150  Eureka  Con 16@15t 

910  Glynn  Dale ...,l 

1110  Golden  Terra 14 

1275  Goodshaw 80@70c 

105  Grand  Prize 41 

2580  Gila 70@75c 

1190  Hussey 10@5c 

1055  Hamburg 50c 

940  Highbridge 30025c 

740  Independence 3@3.10 

110  Jackson 6 

1620  Jupiter 1. 9001.80 

200  Leeds TOcOl 

50  Martin  White 61 

550  Mammoth 130131 

700  Mono US 

250  May  Belle 


230  Modoc li 

430  McCUnton 1.30O1.35 

400  Manhattan 24025 

320  Northern  Belle. ...6j@6j 

300  New  Coso 25c 

680  Noonday 3JO3.30 

1700  Navajo 50@45c 

2000  N  Noonday 1 

350  Orient 20c 

100  Phenix 3{ 

50  Paradise 1.70 

800  Queen  Bee 60@80c 

100  Richer 75c 

300  Raymond  &  Ely 44 

70  Real  del  Monte. 

200  Red  Cloud 6Q@70c 

25  Silver  King 8 

690  Summit 2.450)2£ 

800  S  Bulwer li@l.30 

1100  S  Standard 30c 

175  S  Bodie 45040c 

810  Syndicate 5@4.9C 

100  Star ..25c 

500  Tuscarora 10c 

1005  Tioga  Con 32@3.85 

650  Tiptop 1.3QOU 

250  University 75c 

200  Vortex 95c 

850  W  Pacific 50c 

200  Wales 2J@21 

Saturday  A.M.,  JuueM. 

210  Alpha 291@29 

310  Alta. 9*010 

1095  Andes 90c@l 

1800  Atlantic 50c 

10C  Albion 25c 

30  Adenda 65c 

50  Argenta 1.05 

90  Best  &  Belcher 
890  Bullion 

1250  Belcher H<@>, 

400  Baltimore  Con 1 

550  Benton 1 

400  Belle  Isle 11 

795  Bodie 40@38J 

360  Bechtel l,85@l.Sr 

105  Bulwer H}011_ 

250  Belvidere 202.05 

380  Black  Hawk 2.30@2: 

150  Booker 90c(£" 

685  California 6J@ 

855  Con  Virginia 60*;  _ 

1584  Con  Imperial.. 2. 20O2. 15 

350  Crown  Point 5|@5 

240  Chollar 8s08: 

420  Caledonia 303.1! 

290  ChallenRe 3@2.95 

1050  Con  Dorado 2.45@2£ 

675  Champion.. ...65@60c 

410  CPacific 8(S}8i 

500  DStaudard 50c 

1600  Day 40c 

500  Dudley 1 

1045  Exchequer 8jt<L  . 

700  Fairfax \\@\  .40 

350  Flowery 85@80c 

440  Gould  &  Curry. . .  12i@12g 

200  Gila fid 

115  Grand  Prize 4t 

910  Goodshaw 75@70c 

200  Glen  Dale 

190  Golden  Terra 14 

310  H  &  Norcroaa 16J017 

200  Hussey 10@5c 

200  Hillside 1.90®!' 

490  Independence < 

305  Julia 4204.8I 

445  Justice 4.10@4.0a 

400  Jupiter.. 

25  Jackson 

50  Kentuck 5j 

200  L  Bryan 1.30@1.35 

515  LWash 2.30@24 

30  Leviathan ._-75c 

420  Mexican.  . 

500  Mackey 

150  Mountan  View..2i@2.40 

260  Manhattan 

680  McCUnton 11O1.30 

350  Mono 10O10 

80  Mammoth 14 

50  M  White 6 

1150  New  York 1.10O95 

600  N  Con  Virginia 8l(ft9 

890  N  Bonanza 21@2.d0 

140  Northern  Belle 6J@5 

200  New  Coso 25c 

160  Ophir 34^34 

175  Overman 12 

370  Occidental 1 

1010  Potosi 6i@6l 

220  Phil  Sheridan 90c 

350  Plutus 2 

50  Paradise 1-70 

100  Phenix. 

450  Queen  Bee 75OS0c 

100  Red  Cloud 65@70c 

30  Real  del  Monte 2 

185  Savage 153016 

495  Sierra  Nevada 48i@4fc 

1150  Succor 75®80i 

20  Seg  Belcher 24 

320  Silver  Hill 2.30@2.4(, 

240  Scorpion 2.80(^3.90 

300  Solid  Silver. 35c 

410  Summit 2i@2J 

150  Syndicate 5 

300  South  Bodie ;--_-45c 

350  S  Standard.... 

400  Troian 35c 

510  Tioga 3203.85 

190  Tiptop l.'30ycl.45 

375  Union  Con 79@76 

135  Utah 22J@23 

600  University 65(oe70c 

300  Vortex 90c 

815  Ward UO1.70 

500  Wells-Fargo 25c 

50  Wales 21 

7455  W  Pacific 50c 

180  Yellow  Jacket. . .  .20J@20 

Monday  A.  M.,  Jnue  10, 

175  Alpha ^8@2J 

90  Alta 9J@9 

100  Atlantic 50c 

420  Andes 1@1.15 

40  Best  &  Belcher. .  .19(gLSj 

1500  Bullion 7§@8i 

560  Belcher 6$@6g 

430  Benton 6i<g6: 

370  Baltimore  Con 1. 

85  Confidence 151@15 

1500  Con  Imperial.. 2. 05@2. 15 
630  Crown  Point 

5^0  Chollar 

305  California 5b 

1050  C  Dorado. ... 

1175  Oon  Virginia, 

100  Challenge 302.90 

2t0  Caledonia 3,  *"'" 

1795  Exchequer, 

100  Fairfax 14 

115"Flowery 85c 

955  Gould  &  Curry. ,  .llg@i2i 

480  Hale  &  Nor 16*<«16i 

430  Julia 4. 7004.65 

170  Justice 3.90(333 

60  Kentuck 5j 

200  Lady  Wash ._.  .21 

800  Leviathan 

1355  Lady  Bryan. . .  .1,     _ 

790  Mexican 36@36i 

300  Margarita 25c 

250  Mackey 202.05 

200  MountaidView..2i@2.40 

505  N  Bonanza 2.15 

50  North  Con  Vir 

675  New  York S0c@l 

295  Overman 

780  Ophir 

100  Occidental.... 

570  Potosi 

275  Phil  Sheridan 

250  Plutus 

255  Silver  Hill 

120  Savage 

50  Scorpion 

300  Senator 25c 

545  Sierra  Nevada 45 

700  Succor 70@65c 

100  Trojan... 
315  Utah  .... 


...5-?Of3 
.,'A\"Sik- 

2J 

.2.30(112 

15 

...2j 


Union  Con 74@73 

670  Ward 1.60@1.55 

200  WoodvQle 30c 

50  Wells-Fargo 25c 

160  Yellow  Jacket 191 

APTERNOON  SESSION. 

760  Argenta 1.10@1 

300  Albion 30c 

950  Adenda 65@70c 

265  Booker 95cO! 

450  Black  Hawk 2.10@2 

290  Belvidere." 2.10@2 

40  Bulwer. 1140U1 

210  Bodie 4104U 

2195  Belle  Isle 1.50O1* 

535  Bechtel 1J@1 .90 

1625  Champion 65c 

320  Caledonia  (B  H) 4 

25  CPacific 82 

250  Day 45@40c 

100  DeFrees 5c 

100  D  Standard 50c 

840  Dudley 11@1.40 

50  Defiance 1.35 

50  Eureka  Con 15J 

650  Fourth  July 75c 

180  Glynn  Dale 95cO! 

800  Goodshaw. 70c 

330  Grand  Prize 41(5:4.20 

1425  Gila 85c 

200  Highbridge 30c 

400  Hussey 5c 

150  Hamburg 50c 

285  Hillside 2 

1200  Independence  .2.9002.80 

1100  Jupiter 1 .90@2 

100  Leeds 70c 

100  M  White 61 

1365  Manhattan 3 

150  Mammoth 15(£142 

75  Mono 10£ 

100  May  Belle 40c 

665  McClinton UO1.60 

100  Modoc 1 

280  Noonday 4 

1400  Navajo 50045c 

125  Northern  Belle. . .  .6i06f 

1100  N  Noonday lJOli. 

100  Orient 20c 

1000  Oriental 60@50c 

250  Paradise 11 

5S0  Queen  Bee. 60@65c 

100  Real  del  Monte 2 

30  Raymond  &  Ely 42 

350  S  Bulwer 1.30@1.20 

250  South  Standard 25c 

435  Syndicate 5 

225  S  Bodie 45@40c 

210  Summit 2.40 

110  Tioga  Con 3.90@3.:_ 

80  Tiptop li<fel.40 

600  Tuscarora 15@10c 

*  800  University 65060c 

2900  Vortex 65@75c 

1785  W  Pacific 50c 

Tuesday  A.  M.,  June  17, 

335  Alpha '. .  .24@23 

470  Alta 90.9J 

410  Andes 16*1.05 

100  Baltimore  Con 50c 

1000  Bullion 7J074 

705  Benton 6S@8i 

S50  Belcher 64136^ 

295  Beat  &Belcher..,17i017| 

480  California 51 

4695  Con  Imperial.. 1.70@1. 80 

485  Caledonia 3.15@31 

965  Crown  Point 5g(ffi5j 

300  Challenge 2.Sc@2.95 

300  Con  Washoe 40c 

600  Con  Dorado 2.10O2 

2090  Con  Virginia 51@5j} 

130  Chollar. 7$ 

200  Cosmopolitan 55c 

85  Confidence 15@151 

1325  Exchequer 7i@7£ 

300  Fairfax lj 

210  Flowery 85@S0c 

480  Gould  &  Curry...  llj<f»lli 
75  HbNorcro9s....l6j(a>lt>3 

260  Julia 4404.45 

70  Justice 3.80@3£ 

180  Kentuck 5 

1180  LBryan 1 

b25  Leviathan 70@75c 

200  Lady  Wash 2.40 

770  Mexican 35J(^35 

150  Maryland 50060c 

215  Mackey 2 

200  Mt  View 2.40{&2£ 

15y0  N  Bonanza 2@2,10 

270  North  Con  Vir 8 

440  New  York 90@85c 

90  'Occidental 80c 

295  Ophir 32&032J 

160  Overman 124.013 

150  Plutus 2 

100  Potosi 51 

80  Phil  Sheridan 65c 

340  Savage 15JO-16 

460  Succor 70(a65c 

585  Sierra  Nevada 43@45J 

460  Scorpion 2| 

415  Silver  Hill 2J@2 

290  Solid  Silver 45c 

300  Trojan 30@35c 

2j  Utah 22 

1125  Union  Con 70O66 

000  Ward 14 

460  Yellow  Jacket 19 

AFTBRNUUN  SESSION. 

1210  Argenta 1@1.05 

850  Addenda 55c 

110  Auroral' 40c 

115  Bodie 434 

825  Bechtel 1.85(52 

1250  Booker 1090c 

1025  Belle  Isle 1.55(01$ 

340  Beividere 20U 

415  Black  Hawk 2J@2.'.  5 

100  Crcesus 10c 

400  CPacific 8IO8 

1025  Champion 60@65c 

120  Caledonia  (B  H)..  ..4i@44 

850  Day 40c 

1315  Dudley 1.45@U 

450  D  Standard 50c 

115  Eureka  Con 15a@16 

500  Fourth  of  July 75c 

550  Gila 8o@75c 

240  GrandPrize 404.10 

670  Goodshaw 70@75c 

200  Glynn  Dale 1 

400  "Hussey 5c 

50  Hamburg 60c 

100  Independence 2.90 

10  Jackson 6 

710  Jupiter 1. 90(81.95 

120  Leopard 1 

100  Leeds 75c 

250  May  Belle 30@35e 

990  McClinton lj@1.45 

350  Mono 114<*11 

50  Martin  White 64 

100  Mammoth l*j 

410  Manhattan 2.90(S2.So 

310  Northern  Belle 6J@6 

490  Navajo 45c 

675  Noonday 44 

19U0  N  Noonday 2j 

1200  Orient 20c 

1560  Oriental 70065c 

100  Paradise 1J 

650  Queen  Bee 50c 

30  Raymond  &  Ely 4£ 

100  Real  del  Monte 2 

400  SStandard 3Cc 

10  Syndicate 5 

500  S  Bodie 45@40c 

790  S  Bulwer 1.10O4.15 

200  Star 40c 

125  Tioga 

550  University. 

360  Vortex 

250  W Pacific. 
Wed'sday A.M., June  IS, 

220  Andes 95c01 

4400  Atlantic .50c 

^00  Alta, 9J091 

165  Alpha 25J0252 

430  Belcher 6J@6$ 

395  Baltimore  Con 50c 


....3.90 
.G5O60c 

60c 

.50045c 


MINING  SHAREHOLDERS'  DIRECTORY. 


Compiled  every  Thursday  from  Advertisements  in  Mining  and  Scientific  Press  and  other  S.  F.  Journals. 
ASSESSMENTS-STOCKS  ON  THE  LISTS  OP  THE  BOARDS. 


COMPANT. 
Alta  S  M  Co 
Andes  S  M  Co 
Belcher  S  M  Co 
Booker  Con  G  M  Co 
Brilliant  M  Co 
Bullion  M  Co 
Crown  Point  G  &  S  M  Co 
DeFrees  M  &  M  Co 
Gila  S  M  Co 
Hussey  Con  G  &  S  M  Co 
Justice  M  Co 
Leopard  M  Co 
Mexican  G  &  S  M  Co 
N  Comstock  S  M  Co 
N  Noonday  M  ^-0 
Trojan  M  Co 
Raymond  &  EJy  M  Co 
Real  Del  Monte  M  Co 
South  Bulwer  G  M  Co 
Solid  Silver  G&SMCo 
Summit  G  M  Co 
Tioga  Con  M  Co 
Trojan  M  Co 
Union  Con  S  M  Co 
University  G  M  Co 


18 


Location.  No. 

Nevada  15 

Nevada  12 
Nevada 

California 

Nevada  Ji 

Nevada  9 

Nevada  37 

Nevada  10 

Nevada  4 

Nevada  8 

Nevada  28 

Nevada  11 

Nevada  6 

Nevada  1 

California  2 

Nevada  10 

Nevada  11 

N  evada  7 

California  3 

Nevada  1 

California  2 

California  5 

Nevada  10 

Nevada  13 

California  2 


Amt.  Levied. 

1  00  June  12 

25  May  5 

1  00  May  20 

25  Apr  23 

25  Apr  26 

1  00  May  6 

1  00  June  4 

15  May  29 

20  Apr  30 

15  May  27 

1  00  May  26 

50  June  11 

1  00  May  14 

05  May  30 

25  June  5 

25  Apr  9 

1  00  Apr  23 

1  00  June  10 
10  May8 
25  May  14 
50  June  5 
20  Apr  3 
25  April  9 

2  00  June  4 
10  June  9 


Delinq'i 
July  17 
June  11 
June  25 
June  2 
May  30 
June  9 
July  11 
June  28 
June  3 
Julyl 
June  30 
July  15 
June  18 
July  2 
July  14 
June  2 
June  2 
July  19 
June  12 
June  16 
July  10 
May  8 
June  2 
July  7 
July  14 


t.    Sale. 

Aug  4 

July  1 

July  15 

June  23 

June  21 

June  30 

July  29 

July  18 

June  23 

July  22 

July  19 

Aug  5 

July  10 

July  23 

Aug  18 

June  23 

Julyl 

Aug  11 

July  3 

July  10 

July  31 

May  28 

June  23 

July  24 

Aug  4 


Secretary. 


Place  op  Business 


W  H  Watson  302  Montgomery  at 

M  Landers  309  Montgomery  st 

Jno  Crockett  203  Bush  3t 

W  H  Lent  309  Montgomery  Bt 

W  A  M  Van  Bokkelen  419  Cal  st 

Joseph  GruS  418  California  st 


Jas  Newlands 
T  E  Atkinson 
Wm  W  Parrish 
Jno  E  Dixon 
R  E  Kelley 
J  E  Dixon 
C  L  McCoy 
D  L  Thomas 
G  A  Holden 
David  Wilder 
Jos  Roberts,  Jr 
C  V  D  Hubbard 
William  Stuart 
J  J  Applegate 
W  H  Lent 
W  H  Lent 
David  Wilder 
J  M  Buffington 
W  Letts  Oliver 


203  Bush  st 

318  Pine  st 

328  Montgomery  st 

327  Pine  st 

419  California  st 

20  S  F  Stock  Ex 

203  Bush  st 

203  Bush  st 

310  Pine  at 

328  Montgomery  st 

330  Pine  st 

203  Bush  st 

320  Sansome  st 

331  Montgomery  st 

309  Montgomery  st 

309  Montgomery  at 

328  Montgomery  st 

309  California  st 

328  Montgomery  st 


OTHER  COMPANIES— NOT  ON  THE  LISTS  OP  THE  BOARDS. 


America,  M  Co 
Amazon  Con  M  Co 
Arniand  G  &  S  M  Co 
Butte  Creek  HM  Co 
Black  Hawk  G>r Co 
Champion  M  Co 
Emigrant  3  M  Co 
Florence  Blue  Grav  M  Co 
Jupiter  M  Co 
Mayflower  S  M  Co 
McClinton  M  Co 
North  Bonanza  M  Co 
NuiiKiM  Co 

Occidental  Con  Grav  M  Co 
Oroville  Grav  M  Co 
Old  Dau'G&SMCo 
Oro  M  Co 
Seg  Europa  M  Co 
Selby  Hill  M  Co 
San  Pedro  G  &  S  M  Co 
Sigourney  G  &  S  M  Co 
Sophia  G  M  Co 
Tellurium  G  &  S  M  Co 


Name  of  Company. 

Eagle  S  M  &  M  Co 
N  Con  Virginia 

LATEST 

Namb  op  Company. 
California  M  Co 
Con  Virginia  M  Co 
Exci-lsi-ir  W&MCo 
Eureka  Con  M  Co 
Napa  Con  Q  M  Co 
Standard  Con  M  Co 
Martin  White  M  Co 


Nevada  1 

Nevada  6 

California  1 

California  2 

California  5 

California  3 

California  4 

California  4 

California  3 

Nevada  1 

California  3 

Nevada  2 

Nevada  1 

California  1 

California  2 

California  1 

California  1 

Nevada  1 

California  2 

California  1 

California  2 

California  1 

California  18 


25  May  9 

10  Mar  24 

10  June  9 

25  Apr  16 

25  Apr  28 

15  Apr  15 

50  May  10 

05  Apr  18 

20  Apr  24 

05  Aprl 

25  May  15 

50  Apr  30 

03  June  13 

07  May  19 

10  May  31 

35  May  16 

05  

25  Apr  4 

15  May  8 

02  May  14 

05  May  15 
024  Apr  23 
10"  May  29 


June  11 
June  11 
July  28 
June  6 
June  5 
June  6 
June  10 
May  22 
May  26 
June  6 
June  20 
June  4 
July  24 
June  23 
June  30 
June  20 
May  8 
June  27 
June  9 
June  16 
June  21 
June  5 
July  5 


June  28 
Julyl 
Aug  25 
July  7 
June  28 
July  7 
June  30 
June  25 
June  25 
June  30 
July  10 
June  29 
Aug  11 
July  12 
July  18 
July  10 

July  14 

June  26 

July  7 

July  11 
June  23 

July  31 


R  B  Noyes 

Jno  Crockett 

J  L  Fields 

R  L  Taylor 

H  A  Charles 

Jno  Crockett 

B  W  Mudge 

F  A  McGee 

E  C  Masten 

J  WPew 

Wm  H  Lent 

W  W  Stetson 

D  Wilder 

W  T  Smith 

J  T  McGeoghtitan 

Wm  H  Watson 

William  Stuart 

R  B  Noyes 

H  Aug  Whiting 

T  A  White 

A  Judson 

L  L  Blood 

J  M  Litchfield 


240  Montgomery  at 

203  Bush  Bt 

240  Montgomery  st 

310  Pine  sft 

419  California  st 

203  Bush  st 

309  Montgomery  st 

Merchants'  Ex 

309  Montgomery  st 

310  Pine  st 

309  Montgomery  Bt 

309  Montgomery  Bt 

32S  Montgomery  Bt 

402  Montgomery  st 

318  Fine  Gt 

302  Montgomery  st 

320  Sansome  st 

240  Montgomery  st 

.211  Sansome  st 

113  Leidesdorff  Bt 

320  Sansome  st 

Merchants'  Ex 

415  Montgomery  st 


MEETINGS  TO  BE  HELD. 


Location.     Secretar  y. 

Nevada    J  E  Dixon 
Nevada    G  C  Pratt 


Office  in  S.  F,  Meeting, 

20  S  F  Stock  Ex  Annual 

25  Nevada  block  Special 

DrVIDENDS-WITHIN    THREE  MONTHS 


Location.  Secretary. 

Nevada  O  P  Gordon 

Nevada  A  W  Haven 

California  G  P  Thurston 

Nevada  W  W  Traylor 

California  Wm  W  Parrish 

California  W  Willis 

Nevada  J  J  Scoville 


Office  in  S.  F. 

T23  Nevada  Block 
309  Montgomery  st 
315  California  st 
37  Nevada  Block 
328  Montgomery  st 
309  Montgomery  st 
309  Montgomery  st 


Asiodnt. 

50 
50 
25 
1  00 
10 


July  7 
June  27 


Payable 
June  17 
May  15 
Apr  21 
May  21 
Apr  30 
Am- 12 
May  27 


B&Belcher 18J018 

Bullion 81083 

Benton 6106 

California &4@5g 

Challenge 3 

Caledonia 303.10 

Con  Virginia 5105J 

Chollar 8i@_6j{; 

Crown  Point 5i06 

Con  Imperial..  1.90<al. 95 

Confidence 15 

Con  Dorado _.  .2 

Exchequer 

Fairfax li@13 

Flowery 80i«85c 

Gould  &  Curry. . .  .12@121 

Hale  &Nor 16J017 

Justice 3.90 

Julia 4104.60 

Kentuck 5J 

Kossuth 2Ui»15c 

Lady  Wash. ...2. 40i» 2. 30 

Lady  Bryan 1.35(«U 

Leviathan T0<"75c 

Mexican 34><::4:. 

Maryland SuyCOc 

Mackey 2.10O1.90 

North  Con  Vir 81 

N  Sierra  Nevada 10c 

N  Bonanza 2.10@2 

New  York 99c«M 

Ophir 33->341 

Overman lW/alii 

Plutus 21 

Potosi GiO'J 

Phil  Sheridan  ...  .60(rft:r.c 

Sierra  Nevada 450  J-6 

Savage 16«'l;Vf 

Silver  Hill 2.30O2.2«j 

Solid  Silver 45040c 

Succor 6U«'SUc 

3  Utah 30c 

Scorpion 2Jy*2.40 

Union 6>n'>7-; 

Utah 2ota22l 

Wells-Fargo 2oc 

WoodviUe 40c 

Ward la@l  60 

Yellow  Jacket...  .iyirtl91 


aftebncon  session. 

60i  Argenta 1 

200  Albion 40c 

1200  Addenda 60@50c 

1500  Belle  Isle 1.55@1.60 


Bodie 44 

Bulwer 10&O1D 

Bechtel 1.90@1.S5 

Black  Hawk 24 

Belvidere if 

Booker 90cOl 

Champion 5l?@60c 

Con  Pacific 8@8J 

Caledonia  (B  H) 5 

DeFrees 5O10c 

Day 40c 

Dudley 1.45@li 

D  Standard 50c 

Eureka  Con 16J017 

Fourth  July 70c 

Gila 75c 

Grand  Prize 3.7003} 

Goodshaw 7COj5c 

Glynn  Dale &5c 

Golden  Terra 14 

Hamburg 60@55c 

Highbridge 60c 

Independence  .2.90(22.95 

Jackson .5J 

Jupiter 1. 80O1.90 

Leopard 1 

Leeds 90075c 

Mauliattan ...:.!■'■ 

McClinton 1.65inli 

May  Bulk 40c>05u 

Mono 1(4 

Mammoth 14£ 

Martin  White 6.'.(rt6j 

Northern  Belle 6O6A 

Navajo 45(«50c 

Noonday 43 

N  Noonday. .- 2; 

Orient 20025c 

Oriental 70075c 

Phenix 3 

Queen  Bee 45050c 

Raymond  &  Ely 4j 

Richer 55c 

Star 3;c 

Summit 2.40(a-21 

Syndicate 505; 

S  Bodie 45c 

South  Standard.. 25030c 

SBulwer 1 

Tuscarora 15c 

Tioga  Con 3.95@3.S5 

Tiptop 1.40O1! 

University 65i«70c 

Vortex 60c 

W  Pacific 40c 


SALES  OF   LAST  WEEK   AND  THIS  COMPARED 


Thursday  A.!)I.,J  line 

135  Alpha k 30i 

365  Alta 9J@93 

955  Andes  1. 0501.20 

100  Atlantic 45c 

185  Best  &  Belcher 19[ 

1000  Bullion 930,9. 

1305  Belcher. 76@7: 

900  Baltimore  Con.l.20@1.3( 

125  Benton 1\ 

210  Challenge 303.10 

725  California 6406J 

3920  Con  Imperial. .2. 4002.35 

875  Chollar 9 

610  Con  Virginia. 61068 

1050  Crown  Point 6fi@61 

490  Confidence 15J016 

1180  Caledonia 3J@3.35 

500  C  Dorado 2J 

100  Cosmopolitan 50c 

200  Con  Washoe 30c 

845  Exchequer 10O93 

100  Erie .'55c 

430  Flowery 85@Wc 

300  Fairfax 1@1.10 

175  Gould  &  Curry. . .  .13@123 

500  Green 1; 

200  Geo  Douglas 55c 

180  Hale  &  Nor 17i@17( 


685  Justice 4.40O4; 

490  Julia 505: 

370  Kentuck 5J@5, 

750  Leviathan 75@80i 

1125  LadvWash 2i 

510  LBryan 1.45@1.40 

975  Mexican 40O39 

1130  Mackey 2.15021 

200  MtView 2.40 

300  Mides U 

450  Maryland 50@45c 

750  New  York HOl-20 

135  N  Con  Vir 83@8J 

500  North  Sierra  Nev 15c 


TlmrscTy  A.M.,  June  !». 

230  Alta 8J081 

130  Alpha 25* 

200  Atlantic 50c 

735  Andes 70065c 

110  Best  &  Belcher. 173 

1485  Belcher 61@6i 

1175  Bullion SlOSi 

1140  Benton 6JO6 

280  Crown  Point 51@5jj 

525  California 5g05J 

30  Chollar 8S 

925  Con  Virginia 5J05 

2755  Con  Imperial. .1.8501. 90 

3,0  Caledonia 2.80@2.60 

100  Confidence 141@14fi 

40  Cball-nge 2.90 

300  Con  Washoe 40c 

580  Con  Dorado 2. 10 

100  CP  Ravine 25c 

1125  Exchequer 8@7£ 

10  Flowery , 75c 

350  Gould  &  Curry. . .  .11J012 

320  Hale  &  Nor 16g@16J 

295  Julia 4. 3004.40 

355  Justice 33(53.80 

220  Kentuck 5 

225  Kossuth 20c 

2650  Lady  Bryan 1.35@U 

700  Leviathan 75c 

250  Lady  Wash ....  2 .  20@1 .  90 

880  Mexican 33£@33 

280  Mai  viand 50c 

400  Mt  View 2*02.40 

1250  New  Vork 1 

65  North  Con  Vir 8*08} 

495  N  Bonanza 2.05O2 

440  Ophir 32j(£32 

170  Overman 12@lli 

200  Occidental 1 

25  Phil  Sheridan 60e 

395  Potosi 6 

280  Plutus 21 


720  N  Bonanza.... 2. 10O2. 15    500  Savage 15Z@155 

1220  Ophir 32*034*'  450  Succor 60c 

410  Overman 12(cfil2*j  915  Sierra  Nevada 44 

75  Occidental 10:85c1  165  Silver  Hill 2i@2 

100  Phil  Sheridan 75c  1365  Scorpion 2*022 

515  Potosi 6g06i   550  S  Utah 3f@30c 

100  Plutus 1*   475  Solid  Silver 45O40o 

265  Savage I6@15J    550  Trojan 3C(W35c 

25  Succor 80c  770  Union  Con 65@63 

95  Seg  Belcher 28   165  Utah 22 

540  SierraNevada 49*O48;1080  Ward 1.6.'@1J 

615  Silver  Hill 2J.O2.40  1200  Wells-Fargo 2o@20o 


100  WoodviUe 40c 

"  Yellow  Jacket 18} 


150  S  Potosi 60c 

1025  Scorpion 3<«  2 .  95 

875  Solid  Silver 15@20c 

100  St  Louis 50c 

65  Utah 24        afternoon  bession. 

1135  Union  Con 80075*1000  Argenta 101.05 

50  WoodviUe 35c   1C0  Albion .".35c 


2540  Waid 
570  Yellow  Jacket. .  .203<a20i 
afternoon  SESSION. 

400  Albion 20{525c 

2000  Addenda 75c@-70c 

750  Argenta 1.05@1.15 

1370  Booker l@9Cc 

445  Black  Hawk 21 

575  Belvidere 2@2.05 

20  Bulwer llj 

480  Bodie 44*@44 

1170  Bechtel 2@1  " 

2530  Belle  Isle 1.30@1.35 

50  Belmont 70c 

680  Champion 45@55c 

310  Caledonia  (B  H). .  .4J041 

360  CPacific SSOSj 

225  Day 40c 

200  Double  Standard 50c 

2950  Dudley 1.30O1J 

500  DeFrees 10c 

150  Defiance H 

90  Eureka  Con ...15| 

800  Fourth  July. 


1070  Goodshaw 75c,  200  Hamburg 

1030  Gila S0@75c   100  Hillside 

600  Glen  Dale 1 

8C0  Hamburg 50c 

1000  Highbridge 25c 

100  Hillside ljf 

100  Hussey 10@5c 

675  Independence  . .  .31@3.10 

200  Jackson 6 

1315  Jupiter U@l  .90 

550  May  Belle 30c 

90  Mammoth 11*. 

1815  McCUnton 1.40@1.20 

150  M  White 6* 

85  Mono Ili@l2 

270  Manhattan 2102.40 

820  Noonday 3{<§3.20 

640  N  Noonday 1.10@1 

150  Navajo 4r@35c 

103  Northern  Belle.  ...6*.@G)3 

«00  Orient 20c 

100  Paradise 1.95 

25  Queen  Bee 60055c 


1390  Addenda 50c 

590  Black  Hawk 2J02* 

545  Bodie 42J@42 

1250  Bechtel 1301.85 

1860  Booker 90c@l 

300  Belle  Tsle 1. 7001.65 

185  Bulwer 9J@10 

75  Belvidere lJOl  .85 

480  Champion 56@4;o 

500  Crcesus 5c 

300  CPacific 8 

500  Chieftain 10c 

285  Caledonia(BH)....4i04i 
200  Day 35040c 

1785  Dudley 1.45(51* 

700  D  Standard 50e 

950  DeFrees 5c 

80  Eureka  Con 170*17* 

125  Giant  &O  A 2J@2 

250  Glynn  Dale 90080c 

800  Goodshaw 70c 

50  Grand  Prize 3.40 

1040  Gila 80@85c 

100  Hussey .5c 


,.60c 


900  independence... .2i@2. 80 

50  Jackson , 51 

495  Jupiter I.90@l .95 

100  Leeds 75c 

85  Leopard I@1.05 

140  Manhattan 2.60 

215  Martin  White 6107 

480  Mammoth 13@13 j 

655  McCUnton ,1.4001* 

270  Mono 10 

525  May  Belle 40c 

150  NewCoso 25@20c 

35  Northern  Belle 6 

520  Noonday 43 

975  N  Noonday 2| 

L!3;'ii  X.ivajo 50c 

1530  Oriental 75o 

1300  Orient 30025c 

100  Paradise 1.90 

350  Phenix 3 

1150  Queen  Bee 45@50c 


10  Real  del  Monte 2]  220  Raymond  &  Ely. 4J 


10  Raymond  &  Ely  . . . 

250  Red  Cloud 75c 

140  Syndicate 4205 

100  Star 40c 

715  Summit 2. 3002.20 

490  SBulwer 1.45(^1.35 

600  8  Standard 25030c 

1150  S  Bodie 45O>10c 

450  Silver  King 8 

1300  Tiptop 1.35OI.10 

830  Tioga  Con 3.05O3.85 

1100  University 75@«0c 

700  Vortex 90c@l 


250  Star 40035c 

200  SBodie 45c 

450  S  Standard 25c 

620  Summit 2.40@2J 

430  Syndicate 6@8 

50  Silver  King 8  . 

1750  SBulwer 95c@1.05 

40  Tiptop ,..1.20 

100  Tuscarora 15c 

1525  Tioga  Con 33@4 

800  University 65c 

450  Vortex. 60c 

250  WPacific 40c 


Pacific  Board— Latest  Sales. 


M'cd'sdayA.M.,. 

10  Alpha 

90  Alta 

620  Belcher 

20  Benton 

360  BuUion 

150  Best  &  Belcher 

2S5  California 

200  ChoUar. 

150  Caledonia 

50  Con  Virginia. . . 
580  Con  Imperial.. 
230  Crown  Point.., 

335  Exchequer 

450  Gould  &  Curry. 

30  Hale  &  Nor.,., 


261 

....98@9i 
..6J@6.JS 
6J 

....8408J 
,...1S:@IS 
5J 

....siosii 

3. 0502.95; 

fig 

1. 85OL90 


290  Justice 3.90 

50  Julia 4  45 

50  Kentuck 5J051 

210  Mexican 34J034J 

155  Ophir 340.'33| 

90  Potosi 6| 

50  Savage.... ...152 

30  Sierra  Nevada 461 

50  Silver  HU1 2} 

300  Tiger. 55c 

100  Trojan 34@35c 

70  Union  Con...', .68 

20  Utah 221 

55  YeUow  Jacket. . .  .19019} 

A  FTEB.NOON  SESSION. 

120  Andes 1 


June  21,  1879.") 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


397 


160  Aiti JK«9i    2«  Leonard Me 

70  Both* *4  2(0  Lady  Wuh... 

200  Bullion H»i*l      -V  Mickey 2 

225  Black  Hawk,  lard I  .SO 

230  litnion 6J<«'6i    '.'•-;  X.  *  Vort 95c 

10  Belcher 61    500  NewUOM -'. 

10  BecbU-1 -     ISO  Nob  It'll 25c 

100  N  1     '.nit*. 2.10 

80  fftoLlar M      10  Ophlr 3l| 

30  C*llforai* 51    •>"-'■:  30c 

100  Cal«donl»..  .  <5c 

50  Dayton 50c     30  Bitter  Mill  2V 

JrfJ  Kichi^uer 31      10  Jtavmur 

200  Oil* 70c    3M>  Trojan 

I  s.  Curry r."  SO  Union C  u. 

ISO  Jull*. 1  504  1  ■■     170  Ward  1| 

20  Jostles  fl  50c 


California  Board— Latest  Sales. 

ITed'tday A.M.,  Jane  I».    10  Yellow  Jacket 


40  Alulia 

30  Alt* 

1M 

50  BeJflhM 

60  Bout  &  Belcher 

70  Bullion 

50  Brilliant   ... 
£50  ConWaaboe 

40  California 

70  Don  Virginia 5!<"5| 

330  Cou  Imperial    .1 

50  Crown  Point 5i«r5.«0 

50  Chollar 

ISO  Challenge 

ijo  Ckdedonie 

u-.Ui. 

1       M      ■  ■  Con 

4">  Kiclu-i 


AITKKXOOK  StHHION. 


1    125  -lit 

U    .Nile 

i.n  if.. .. 

Ul  i 

.r>c     50  Alnli* 

Illaut 

80  Bullion 

■  B    ■  nor 

■  ■■ 

4'i  i  laledonla 

DO  CholUr 

70  Ohallenw  .... 
*u  Oron 

.55c    300  Con  Impunitl 

I  ;  |  Con  Virginia. 

"     30  California 


..35c 
45c 

1 

.is»i-i 

J 

I 


I   ■ 
.M'o 


■ 


V>  Gould  «  Curry  ' 

350  lll'il.e 15c    300  EoterprlM n 

i  90  Gould  .v  Currr... 121(9121 

80  Julia I    'i  i"    100  G  lodahan 774c 

likj  Jiuticu :i  30-'4  300  Golden  Chariot  .1004121c 

b0  Mexican 3+d  3<  I  70  Hale  &  Nor  ... 

100  Mint l«C    110  Julia V  »*.6U 

3u  ouhlr 33i@S3t     40  Justice 3i@3.95 

50  Orient 20c     50  Mexican 

50  Savauc ■  ■  *''■"  161    100  Newark 15c 

50  Sierra  Nevada..    i:.:-i:..;     U0  Ophlr 

250  Senator 30@31c     70  Potosl &1@*1 

600  8  Utah 28@J0c    1C0  S  Bodh- Be 

60  Silver  Jacket 20c   950  S  Utah 29@30c 

350  Trojan S*C      »0  Savant- 10i 

&00  Thr.-r 70c    150  Trojan 35c 

30  Union W   -100  Tiger 75c 

200  Win  Penn  25c     20  TTnlonOon 69@691 

300  W.  lis  Fargo 2<5(«25c  50  Yellow  Jacke'    ..19 


ining    -Summary. 


The  following  Is mottlj  condensed  from  Journal!  pub- 
lished In  the  interior,  in  proximity  to  the  mines  mi 


The  Mining  Share  Market. 

The  stock  market  during  the  past  week  has 
had  a  general  downward  tendency  whenever  the 
slightest  opportunity  offered.  While  there 
seems  to  have  been  sufficient  confidence  in  some 
of  the  mines,  developments  are  at  a  standstill. 
Although  some  stocks  have  taken  a  sudden 
ri3e,  there  is  a  fear  that  the  rise  is  not  caused 
bv  healthy  conditions,  and  hence  a  fall  is  appre- 
hended. Everything  being  in  readiness  for  the 
Sutro  tunnel  opening,  there  will  not  be  much 
movement  in  some  directions  until  its  effect  La's 
proved  to  be  beneficial.  It  may  be  that  East 
ern  manipulators  have  something  to  do  with 
the  present  condition  of  things.  Indeed,  it  is 
quite  likely  they  may  be  justly  accused  of  any 
shortcomings.  The  bugbear  of  capital  being 
withdrawn  from  the  State  on  account  of  the 
new  Constitution  being  still  hammered  at  in 
the  East,  bears  all  tlie  semblance  of  truth,  on 
the  false  principle  that  persistency  in  a  de- 
ception finally  arrives  at  truth.  The  fact,  how- 
ever, that  Eastern  capital  seeks  investment  in  our 
mining  shares,  would  seem  to  indicate  few  valua- 
ble openings  in  the  East,  so  far  as  speculative 
opportunities  are  concerned.  Money  follows 
the  general  laws  of  trade  and  seeks  the  most 
favorable  opportunities  to  increase.  Hence, 
there  need  not  be  the  slightest  ground  to  fear 
anything  for  the  future  welfare  of  our  stock 
market.  But  we  warn  all,  as  we  have  repeatedly 
heretofore  done,  not  to  permit  themselves  to  play 
the  cat,  and  pull  the  chestnuts  from  the  fire  for 
Eastern  capitalists.  Watch  wildcat  schemes, 
and  denounce  all  attempts  at  bulling  the  market. 
Since  having  driven  out  one  devil,  it  will  be 
wise  for  us  not  to  harbor  seven  new  ones,  lest 
our  latter  end  be  worse  than  our  first.  It  is 
well  at  all  events  to  rally  around  our  own 
interests  and,  without  selfishly  crowding  out 
outside  investors,  preserve  our  own  home  affairs 
in  a  healthy,  moral  condition.  Wc  invite  capi- 
tal, and  do  not  seek  to  hinder  it  from  coming 
here,  and  all  of  our  strictures  must  be  regarded 
of  having  reference  to  our  great  desire  to  make 
investments  in  our  mines  as  sure  as  investment 
in  any  other  business. 


Bullion  Shipments. 

Since  our  last  issue,  we  have  noticed  the  fol- 
lowing bullion  shipments: 

California,  June  11th,  §13,862.03;  Bulwer, 
June  12th;  £17,253.30;  Standard,  June  12th, 
§19,767.48;  Northern  Belle,  June  11th,  $2,370.- 
67;  Con.  Virginia,  June  11th,  §83,169.64;  In- 
dian Queen,  June  9th,  §3,602.41  ;  Bodie,  June 
17th,  $36,000;  Sierra  Nevada,  June  17th,  $60,- 
388.77;  Alexander,  June  12th,  §7,100;  Standard, 
June  11th,  ¥17,529.39. 


CALIFORNIA. 
AMADOR. 

[ruts     I 
Hill  null  brake  W  Mines  uy  night.    The  mil!  i- 
and  most  remain  so  until  the  shait  can  be  repaired.    At 

0«  tiers    ol     tin:     I 

I    \\<>rk  on  their 
|?0    1  rOOb  in  the  mine,  with  I  ledge  ibODt  four  feel  wide. 

rushed  about  a   week    |g 
payed  from  .-'.    t*.  -•  per  t<m.     The  Talisman  mining  cmn- 

p.mv  It  now  payio  at  the  rate  of  SO  cents  on 

Lbs  dollar,  ami  n  .  next  Moi 

iria  mine,  on  Drj   creak, 
ins  avid  on  the   tztfa  Instant  to  a  oompany  ol  B 
md  the  new   Dompanj 
■  rown  Point  mill  for  the  crushing  ol  200 
i  dj  "i  the  r     !..  which,  It  Is  calculated,  "'ill  pay  80  per 
ton  on  an  > 

HOHTIRICI1ABD,  The  OUt  drift  fTOID  the  M-niteriehard 
mine,  iu    thfl  850   level,  is   now  in  about    'JO   ft.  at   which 

polni  Ibej  have  a  ledge  ol  Bne  looking  rock  from  two  and 
a  half  to  three  it  wide, 

BUTTE 

IftHnra  Uattiibb.  — Orovttle  Mercury,  June  IS;  The 
Wyandotte  hydraulic  mining  company  made  a  partial 
clean-up  Friday,  obtaining  Sl.soo  in  tine  guld.  During  the 
16  days  ending  last  Friday,  the  bank  officials  purchased 
$o.ooo  En  gold  dust  from  Individual  miners  working  In 
this  vicinity.  Howell,  Baasford  fcCo.,  ol  Colusa  county, 
ere  reopening  the  old  BSsgle  tunnel,  which  has  lain  idle 
for  17  year-     The  property   i^  situated  on  Little  Butte 

creek,  about  three  mite-  above  DogtOVI  n,  and  is  believed  to 
ho  very  rich.  Machinery  to  drain  the  tunnel  is  now  being 
put  up  Monday  the  Towers  company  shipped  a  retort 
valued  At  $'2,500,  as  a  result  of  ten  days  run. 

CALAVERAS. 

Cbaupion  HlHB.— CAronicIe,  June  14:  It  has  been  our 
pleasing  duty  to  record  many  rich  yields  of  Champion 
rock,  but  we  believe  the  last  clean-up  shows  a  better 
average  per  ton  than  any  one  previously  noted.  Thirty 
five  tons  of  rock  netted  i*4,000;  An  average  yield  of  over 
§114  per  ton!  Enough  second-grade  ore  was  subsequently 
rushed  to  swell  the  aggregate  clean-up  to  something  like 
$0,000.  The  main  shaft  ol  the  Champion  is  now  down  500 
ft,  at  which  depth  levels  have  been  run  and  Btopes 
opened.  The  vein  varies  from  10  inches  to  2J  ft  in  width. 
The  mine  is  looking  better  than  ever  before  in  its  history. 
The  mills  are  kept  in  constant  operation,  a  sufficient 
force  being  employed  iu  mining  ore  to  keep  the  butteries 
continually  employed.  Mr.  Samuel  Hasklns,  one  of  the 
proprietors  of  the  Champion,  who  was  here  Sunday  en 
route  to  San  Francisco  with  a  cargo  of  bullion,  exhibited 
some  very  rich  specimens  of  ore  irom  the  500  level. 

Fatal  Mining  Accident.— A  miner  named  James  Smith, 
an  old  resident  of  Angels,  in  this  county,  was  instantly 
killed,  on  Friday  of  last  week,  by  the  caving  of  gravel 
upon  him.  We  take  the  following  details  from  the  Echo, 
Of  Tuesday:  Mr.  Smith  had  Just  pone  to  work  after  din- 
ner, in  an" open  cut  some  16  ft  deep.  The  tub  was  lowered, 
and  just  as  lie  was  in  the  act  of  Idling  it,  the  bank  caved 
from  above,  covering  him  over  five  ft  deep,  and  literally 
crushing  his  skull.  The  alarm  was  given,  and  in  a  few 
moments  20  or  SO  miners  were  on  band  digging  as  rapidly 
as  possible,  still  it  took  nearly  two  hours  with  all  their 
exertions  before  they  could  get  him  out.  When  found  he 
was  standing  against  the  bank  opposite  the  cave,  shovel 
in  hand,  as  if  in  the  act  of  shoveling  into  the  tub.  From 
the  position  in  which  he  was  found,  it  is  quite  evident 
that  he  was  not  aware  of  his  danger  until  it  was  too  late 
to  make  an  effort  to  save  his  life. 

EL  DORADO- 

Hauling  Rock.  —Democrat,  June  14:  Several  parties 
are  now  engaged  in  hauling  rock  to  Longley's  mill,  at 
Glencoe.  Sundermyer  &  Co.  have  some  60  or  70  tons  of 
good  ore  ready  for  crushing,  and  parties  owning  a  mine 
near  El  Dorado  are  also  engaged  in  hauling  to  the  mill. 

MONO- 

Bodik  MILL.— Fews,  June  12:  Col.  PogUS,  superinten- 
dent of  the  Bodie  mine  and  mill,  iuforms  us  that  every- 
thing is  running  smoothly  at  the  mill,  and  the  ore  being 
crushed  will  result  in  one  of  the  biggest  clean-ups  of  the 
season. 

R-BAb  Del  Montr.— We  are  informed  by  George  Daly, 
superintendent  of  the  Real  Del  Monte,  at  Aurora,  that  it 
is  his  intention  to  put  in  a  17-inch  pumping  gear,  in  order 
to  handle  the  immensenow  of  water  which  impedes  op- 
erations in  the  mine.  This  pump  will  be  the  largest  of 
any  in  use  in  this  section  of  country,  and  equal  to  any  on 
the  Comstock. 

Tioga.  -A  double-compartment  winze  is  down  5o  ft  on 
the  footwall,  on  the  line  of  the  lode;  clean  ore  six  ft  in 
width,  of  good  grade. 

Jupiter.— Shaft  down  250  ft,  4x4£  double  compart- 
ments—with crosscuts,  drifts  and  ledges.  The  Masten 
ledge,  40  ft  south  has  2  ft  of  clean  quartz.  Daly  ledge, 
somewhat  broken,  but  assays  as  high  as  $70  in  silver. 

Dudlkv.— The  50  and  SO  levels  have  developed  a  largo 
body  of  ore  of  good  milling  trade,  very  high  both  in  gold 
and  silver.  Some  ore  assays  wholly  in  silver,  carrying 
clean  horn  silver.  Other  ore  assays  high  in  gold  and 
nothing  else;  still  others  assay  in  both  metals.  Three 
samples  assayed  as  follows:  No.  1,  $400.10.  silver,  in- 
cluding hom  silver  in  very  substantial  form;  No.  2,  $175. 
40  gold,  and  $597.30,  silver— total,  $772.70;  No.  3,  $597.- 
89,  silver  and  $190  50,  gold-total,  5788.39.  There  are 
much  higher  a-says  obtained.  ' 

Noonday. —Three  compartments  down  now  90  ft.  North 
drift  on  200  level  shows  a  ledge  of  gocd  ore. 
Defiance.—  Shaft  down  147  ft  in  the  ledge  footwall. 
Qcees  Bke.—  North  drift  in  210  ft;  entirely  silver  bear- 
ing ore,  without  any  wall  on  either  side.    Ore  assays  $5 
to  $35,  all  silver.  ' 

Brooklyn  Cos.— Quartz  shows  free  gold  without  the  aid 

Bodie  Tunnel.— This  tunnel  is  now  in  1020  ft,  with  face 
in  excellent  vein-bearing  formation. 

Orient.— Shows  a  good  ledge  of  milling  ore. 

Bullion  Shipments.—  Standard,  June  13:  The  bullion 
shipments  from  Bodie  district,  through  Wells,  Fargo  & 
Co  from  the  1st  to  the  12th  of  June,  have  been  as  fol- 
lows- Standard,  bars,  No.  132,  $21,192.34;  No.  133,  $20  - 
701  57-  No  134,  $17,520.39;  No.  135.  $19,707.43.  Total, 
S7»'250  78  Bulwer,  bar  No.  14,  $17,263.30.  Noonday,  bar 
No.' 3,  $4,070.59.  Total  of  the  district  from  1st  to  12th, 
$100,574.67.  .  .    ..    .    .. 

A  Rumored  Consolidation. -It  is  rumored  that  the 
South  Bulwer  and  Riqueza  mines  are  shortly  to  be  con- 
solidated, upon  what  basis,  we  have  not  learned. 


Negotiations  begun  18  months  ago  for  the 
purpose  of  securing  to  New  York  a  grand  obelisk 
now  standing  at  Alexandria,  Egypt,  are  success- 
fully terminated.  The  Khedive  has  offered  the 
monument  to  New  York.  Official  papers  to 
that  effect  have  been  received  at  the  State  De- 
partment. 

Subscribers  of  the  Press  who  would  like  a 
copy  of  Paul's  pamphlet  on  Dry  Amalgamation, 
can  obtain  one  free  by  sending  their  address  to 
Almarin  B.  Paul,  Room  20,  Safe  Deposit  Build- 
ing, San  Francisco. 


NEVADA. 

Mining  Notes.— Grass  Valley  Tribune,  June  14:  The 
capital  stock  of  the  Excelsior  Ditch  and  Mining  Co.,  at 
SinarUville,  has  increased  from  $5,000,000  tn;$10,000,000. 
The  Derbec  mining  company  is  now  paying  $2.50  per  day, 
working  S-hour  shifts.  The  old  ratC3  were  ij3  per  day  for 
10-hour  shifts.  The  North  Bloomfleld  mining  company 
have  recently  redeemed  $50,000  of  their  10%  mortgage 
bonds  A  fine  specimen  of  copper  ore  has  been  exhibited 
in  town  this  week  by  J.  R.  Nickerson,  taken  from  a  large 
led^e  of  his  near  Wolf  creek,  in  the  south  end  of  Grass 
Valley  township,  near  Bear  river.  Fine  rock  comes  irom 
the  newlv  discovered  quartz  mine  located  about  eight 
miles  west  of  Wheatland,  in  the  vicinity  of  Lone  Tree  hill, 
it  is  claimed  that  it  is  the  richest  quartz  discovery  ever 
made  in  that  section.  The  tunnel  of  the  Union  gravel 
mine  situated  near  the  head  of  Slate  creek,  has  been  run 
a  distance  of  710  ft.  In  the  Centennial  gravel  mine,  a 
large  channel  has  recently  been  found  which  appears  to  pnyry. 
be  an  overflow  from  the  main  lead. 


PLACER. 

0.1-artz  Mining  Itkus.  —Herald,  June  14:    T| 

Broa.  conn  i  .  tin.  vaief  out  of  the  Booth  mine 

ire  working  what 

is  called  the  Gold  Leaf,  also  near  Penryr..     The  raefi  ttau 

■ul.  ne  understand,    prospecU   very    Well.     R 

Bums,  oi  Michigan  Bluff,  ami  h    ■: 

work  last  .Monday  on  the  old  Conrad  mine,  located  on 
Duncan  hill.  They  have  nailed  a  new  tunnel  on  the 
North  Bavine  side     This  mine  la  owned  entirelj 

.    L     T    II,  Tharp,  "ii  Duncan  hill,  has  LhS  water 

out  and  Is  sgaln  linking,  m  present  he  Is  sinking  In  bar- 
ren rock.     Tlie  Eureka,  located  near  the  Bellpse  mill,  an 

■  of  the  Good  Buter,  Is  al  present  being 
<■}  Hooper,  Htlipan  and  Bowen,  ind  Is  turning  out  some 

!  loldng  ri»-k     The  last  crushing  h this  ledge 

paid  about  I  i  the  ton,  and  some  10  or  15  ions 

ol  on  ii  iw    m  tlu  damp,     B  iblnson  sod  Fergnrson  have 

put  up  a  whim  and  ant  reopening  thrir  t»hj  shaft  on  Pos- 
terior Bat  Birnons  mid  Hurst  are  working  an  eastern  ex- 
tension of  tl  G  i  ter,  on  Posterior  flat  Thej  have 
the  wafer  all  out  and  are  n  ady  t<>  oommenoe  taking  out 

..re.  /The  li'-jd   Batter,  owned  hv    HoloOtn,    3] 

i  besley,  though  only  down  ■  comparatively  short  die 
Lance,  Is  paying  remarkably  well.  The  last  crushing  ol 
about  24  tona  yielded,  we  undent  nd,  nearly  >'.t,000.7  It 
has  already  turned  out  considerable  sold,  sua  gets  bectei 
by  development   fihurtlel!  Duncan  hill    wUl 

rield,  it  is  estinuted,  from  gfiO  to  |7fi  to  the  ton  Chi 
ore  Is  of  a  dark  blue  cast,  end  in  much  of  it  gold  can  be 

ween  with  the  naked  eye  Mrs.  Kittler  is  working  night 
and  day  shifts  >>ii  her  mine,  located  a  little  over  a  mile  0©" 
lOW    Ophlr,    near  the   bead  "I   Georgia   ravine.     The  pros- 

pects,  we  understand,  are  verj  flattering.  Perkins,  Ful- 
ler and  White  ore  working  s  ledge  on  Duncan  iiiii,  near 

Simons  fi  I'eUter's  mill  It  Is  reported  that  they  have 
struck  some  good  ruck.  Gooley  and  Myres  are  running  a 
drain  tunnel  on  what  is  known  as  the  Bowlder  lead,  just 
north  of  Ophlr,  The  shaft  sunk  on  tin^  lead  showed  some 
good  prospects,  though  it  was  found  dittieult  to  work,  on 
account  of  the  wator.  The  Crater  has  been  running  for 
some  lime  on  rock  considered  better  than  tlie  average. 
They  expect  to  clean  up  during  the  early  part  of  next 
week.  Edward  and  Arthur  Tremillan,  on  their  lead  which 
they  have  been  working  some  time,  near  the  Bcllcvue 
house,  are  taking  out  some  rich  ruck.  Their  last  crush- 
ing, we  learn,  yielded  them  $49  to  the  ton.  They  have 
now  on  their  dump  sonic  15  tons  of  equally  good  ore.  W. 
Pellow  iB  working  a  ledge,  also  near  the  BaUerue  house, 
and  is  reported  to  be  taking  but  some  very  fine 
rock.  The  Julian,  on  Jenny  Liud  Hat,  is  running  steadily, 
with  a  full  force  of  from  40  to  5C  men.  The  large  24-stamp 
mill  is  kept  pounding  away  day  and  night.  In  addition  to 
these  mentions,  there  is  much  prospecting  going  on,  on  a 
smaller  scale.  Altogether  the  activity  in  quartz  matters 
in  Auburn,  Ophir  and  Newcastle  districts  was  never 
greater  than  at  present,  and  at  no  time  in  the  history  of 
the  county,  we  believe,  were  the  mines  of  these  districts 
more  uniformly  paying  for  the  labor  expended  in  their  de- 
velopment. 

TUB  Robertson  Process.— The  Robertson  patent  reduc- 
tion works  are  now  in  operation  at  Ophir,  and  are  suffi- 
ciently large  to  thoroughly  test  the  merits  of  the  process. 
At  present  they  are  operating*  on  a  pile  of  tailings  from 
the  Pugb  quartz  mill.  The  result,  of  course,  of  this  first 
trial  cannot  be  known  until  they  clean-up.  The  necessary 
machinery  is  simple,  and  the  process  is  by  no  means  com- 
plicated. The  ore  is  first  roasted,  then  plunged  into  a 
chemical  bath,  then  ground  through  the  pans,  and  from 
the  pans  run  into  a  settler.  It  is  claimed  to  be  cheaper 
than  the  chloride  process,  while  it  saves  equally  as  much 
gold. 

Law  Slit.  —The  suit  of  the  Dardanelles  gravel  mining 
company  vs.  the  Mayflower  gravel  mining  companv, 
which  has  occupied  the  District  Court  for  the  past  11  days, 
has  resulted  in  a  drawn  fight  thus  far,  the  jury  having 
disagreed.  They  stood  eight  to  three  in  favor  of  plaintiff, 
one  man  having  been  excused  from  serving,  because  of  1 II— 
nesB.  The  suit  was  instituted  to  recover  damages  caused 
by  the  defendant  washing  away  a  ditch  belonging  to 
plaintiff,  and  also  to  obtain  a  perpetual  injunction  re- 
straining the  former  from  further  working  that  part  of 
their  claim  where  the  alleged  damage  was  wrought. 

SIERRA. 

Tiik  Downieville  Messenger  says  there  is  great  excite- 
ment in  Sierra  City  and  vicinity  over  the  recent  rich 
gravel  discovery  in  the  ridge  southeast  of  that  place. 
From  a  wheelbarrow  load  of  gravel  $8  were  obtained.  The 
whole  country  has  been  located,  if  reports  be  true.  Many 
have  great  faith  in  the  discovery,  and  believe  that  an  im- 
mensely ri'-h  gravel  deposit  underlies  the  ridge  for  many 
miles.  *  Some  four  or  Ave  new  tunnels  have  been  started, 
or  are  about  to  be  started  on  the  gravel  range,  recently 
discovered  above  Sierra  City.  Hart  &  Co.,  the  discoverers 
of  the  lead,  have  run  some  70  ft  through  fine  rich  blue 
gravel,  and  the  end  is  not  yet.  This  section  gives  promise 
of  being  a  very  hive  of  industry  this  summer. 

TRINITY. 

New  yUu,.— Journal,  June  14:  A  new  five-stamp  mill 
for  Davis  Bros.,  of  Bullychoop,  arrived  at  Anderson  last 
week.  It  will  be  put  up  and  in  operation  at  the  mine  by 
the  middle  of  next  week. 

Struck  it  Rich.— The  Dixon  Bar  mining  company  have 
lately  struck  a  good  body  of  very  rich  gravel— reported  to 
be  the  best  ever  found  on  Trinity  river. 

TUOLUMNE. 

Sonora.—  Democrat,  June  14:  We  understand  the 
owners  of  the  Live  Oak  mino  are  stoping  out  very  fine 
ore.  The  sulphurets  in  this  mine  are  of  high  grade,  assay- 
ing some  §500  per  ton,  about  $75  of  it  silver. 

NEVADA. 

WASHOE  DISTRICT. 

Justice. —Gold  Hill  News,  June  18:  Connection  is 
about  being  made  between  the  winze  from  the  900  level 
and  workings  on  the  1000  level.  This  winze  is  sunk  in 
the  ledge,  and  has  followed  a  three-foot  vein  of  rich  ore 
which  was  discovered  on  the  SOO  level.  The  ore  is  worth 
from  $150  to  §200  a  ton,  two-tbirds  of  the  yield  being 
gold. 

Belcher.— The  incline  has  reached  58  ft  below  the  2760 
level.  South  drift  is  in  quartz  and  porphyry  assaying 
from  $7  to  $8. 

Lady  Bryan.— Both  drift*  are  In  low-grade  quartz. 

Niagara.— After  a  rest  of  about  two  years,  work  is  re 
sumed  at  this  mine,  and  steam  was  started  up  this  morn- 
ing, the  machinery  working  well.  A  full  force  of  men  are 
at°work  lining  up  and  repairing  the  incline  above  the  500 

Sierra  Nevada.— The  water  has  been  all  raised  from 
the  incline,  and  Tuesday  morning  the  work  of  sinking  was 
resumed.  The  sump  will  be  completed  in  two  weeks,  and 
then  the  stations  at  the  2300  and  2400  levels  will  be  opened 
out,  preparatory  to  opening  up  the  levels  themselves.  No 
more  trouble  is  anticipated  from  the  water.  The  stopes 
continue  their  accustomed  yield,  and  the  dump  is  full  cf 
rich  ore.  The  stopes  are  not  being  extended  to  the  south, 
as  many  suppose.  They  arc  being  carried  on  up  from  the 
present  sill  floors.  The  mine  made  its  first  shipment  of 
.-''.lO.unO  last  evening.  .    ,         ,  ,     , 

Savage.— The  drain  is  being  carried  and  covered  along 
the  1040  level  toward  the  Sutro  tunnel.  Connection  will 
be  made  the  last  of  the  week.  The  pumps  and  columns 
above  the  1040  level  have  all  been  hoisted  out,  and  the 
old  air-boxes  will  be  also  out  in  a  few  days.  The  pumps 
below  the  1G40  level  are  iu  prime  order.  No  change  m 
the  water  of  late. 

Con.  Imperial.— The  north  drift,  on  the  2G0O  level  is 
being  extended  at  the  rate  of  from  six  to  seven  ft  per 
day  and  is  now  350  ft  from  the  south  winze.  This  drift 
is  following  the  trend  of  the  vein  which  is  northeasterly. 
The  2100  level  drift,  on  account  of  its  diagonal  course,  ran 
010  ft  between  the  lines,  and  accordingly  this  drift  baa 
some  250  ft  yet  to  run  to  connect  with  the  north  winze. 

Sierra  Nevada,  Mexican  &  Union  Con.  Shaft.— Sinking 
the  Bhaft  has  been  going  on  as  usual  during  the  past 
week.     The  material  encountered  iB  hard,  blasting  por- 


intn  being' pushed  toward  the  perpendicular  of  the  Oa- 
: ,  and  its  face  h  now  in  porphyry  and  clay  W0 
ft  from  the  lateral  drift. 

Con.  VikuIMA  —  Tlie   Joint  drift  west.  B50  level,  is  paSS- 

ng  Into  a  softer  material  showing  aonw  water,  through 

.  rapid  progress      FttUr  ft  per  day   are 

being  added    (<■  tlie  !■  n,tii  •>!  tlie  south   drift,  1500   level, 

running  west  ••{    the  old  stoi  m   vein    matter 

showing  streaks  <d  quartz.    The  sooth  drift,  2160  level,  is 
king  (our  it  per  day  through  vein  matier  carrying 

i  quarts;  i"i  d  length,  176ft, 
Oaupomu    -The  Joint  westdril  .  ■  m  softer 

material  cat  sink- 

■  ret  been  resumed  at  the  0.  1  0.   abaft    A 

Inll  is  Ijeing   sent    iliwu   ahead    to   prusj^ct    for 

water  The  000  bor>staUon  U  completed,  and  ■  tank  is 
being  cat  out  at  the  1660  station  from  wntch  connection 
will  be  made  with  the  general  drain  pipe  leading  to  the 
Sutro  tunnel. 

Alta.— The  east  crosscut,  1350  level,  Is  28  ft  in  quartz 
mOtS  Ol  "re.      I'd.-  north  drift)  1460  level  IS  en- 
tirely iii  nWlooking  quarts.     The  north  drift,  1550   level, 
has  entered  L  idy  VVa-Hliington  ground,  and  is  in  promising 
quartz  and  clay.     The  north  and  South  drifts,   1750  level, 

are  i  acta  In  '.<:•  re,  and  are  bending  around  toward  the  vein, 
but  hare  not  yet  reached  the  clay  of  the  vein,  sinking 
for  a  lower  level  will  be  resumed  next  week.  A  tank  for 
the  L750  level  la  being  cut  out.    All  work  is  making  good 

progress. 

Botro  Ti'vxr.L.—  The  work  of  rettttbering  the  tunnel 

through  the  swelling  ground,  near  the  Savage,  is  making 
good    progress.     The  work  is  being  thoroughly  and  well 

done.  The  sub-drain  will  not  be  completed  at  thedate  re- 
quired by  the  contracts,  hut  Mr.  Sutro  explains  what  he 
means  by  "that  uill  nuke  no  difference,"  by  aaying  to  the 
mining  companies  that  the  boxes  at    the   Comstock   end 

will  lie  placed  on  the  top  of  the  bottom,  of  the  tunnel  and 
n.ad.v  tor  use  July  ipt.  They  will  then  bo  lowered  to  their 
placu  as  opportunity  offers. 

Utah. — The  main  incline  has  attained  a  depth  of  20  ft 
below  tlie  1750  level,  the  bottom  in  good  sinking  ground. 
The  lower  tank  station  in  the  vertical  shaft  is  bang  retun- 
bercd  and  the  tank  rebuilt. 

Yellow  Jacket. —Sinking  has  been  suspended  a  short 
time  to  send  a  diamond  drill  doun  ahead  to  prospect  for 
water,  hut  was  resumed  this  morning;  depth  of  shaft  at 
that  time,  103  ft  below  the  2500  station.  Work  to  connect 
the  old  explorations  with  the  shaft,  2500  level,  is  making 
good  progress. 

Crows  Point. — A  drift  has  been  started  south  to  con- 
nect with  that  coining  north  on  the  2700  level  of  the  Bel- 
cher, and  to  serve  as  a  base  for  future  crosscuts.  The 
north  drift,  2500  level,  is  being  pushed  along  the  wall  of 
the  vein  at  the  rate  of  from  six  to  seven  ft  per  day. 

H01IB8TEaD.— The  work  of  excavating  a  side  chamber, 
preparatory  to  sinking  a  winze  on  the  ledge  encountered 
in  the  tunnel,  was  commenced  to-day. 

Bl-llios.— Everything  has  been  prepared  and  repaired, 
and  ouce  more  the  work  of  sinking  the  winze  below  the 
2150  level  is  making  good  progress. 

Trojan.— -The  northeast  drift,  third  station,  is  being 
pushed  in  quartz,  clay  and  porphyry,  and  is  making  good 
progress.  The  north  drift  from  the  upraise  to  the  second 
level  is  passing  through  quartz  giving  fair  assays. 

Bilvbr  Hill.— Opening  up  the  station  at  the  1300  level 
and  preparing  chutes,  etc.,  for  use  on  this  level.  On  the 
surface,  considerable  changing  and  repairing  is  going  on. 
The  upper  workings  are  yielding  from  15  to  20  tons  of  ore 
per  day. 

Hale  t  Norcross.— Repairs  to  the  eighth  station  have 
been  completed.  Everything  is  being  looked  to  and  put 
in  readiness  for  use  as  soon  as  the  Sutro  tunnel  is  ready 
to  take  the  water  of  the  mines. 

Best  &,  Belcher.—  The  joint  east  drift,  1700  level,  is  lu 
950  ft,  in  porphyry  and  clay.  The  Oshiston  shaft  is  mak- 
ing slow  progress  in  sinking,  on  account  of  the  heavy  flow 
of  water  encountered. 

PARADISE  DISTRICT. 

Eagle  Mine.— Silver  State,  June  13:  The  Eagle  mine, 
in  Spring  valley,  has  been  Bold  to  the  Van  De  Water  gold 
and  silver  mining  company,  of  Nevada,  a  corporation  com- 
posed of  New  York  capitalists.  The  deed  for  the  property 
was  filed  in  the  Recorder's  office  yesterday.  The  consid- 
eration is  $2,000,000,  part  cash  and  part  stock  of  the  cor- 
poration. 

Paradise  Items.— B.  F.  Riley,  who  arrived  in  town  from 
Paradise  last  evening,  Bays  it  was  reported  that  a  very 
rich  body  of  ore  had  been  struck  in  the  Big  l'rize  mine 
last  Thursday.  He  was  shown  a  piece  of  the  ore  as  large 
as  a  hen's  egg,  which  was  more  than  half  si!  -er.  The 
Paradise  company's  mines,  which  embrace  what  were 
originally  known  as  the  Mountain  Bride  and  Rough  and 
Ready  locations,  have  produced  from  ores  shipped  to  Salt 
Lake  and  Rye  Patch  at  least  $200,000,  andminers  Bay  that 
not  one-half  that  amount  has  been  expended  in  developing 
ores,  of  which  there  are  now  nearly  2,000  tons  on  the 
dumps.  The  same  is  true  of  the  Big  Prize,  Bullion  aud 
other  locations. 

Live  VaneBB.— Serald,  June  14:  The  owners  are  at 
present  driving  a  tunnel  on  the  line  of  the  ledge  and  tak- 
ing out  about  three  tons  of  rock  each  shift,  aud  are  work- 
ing two  shifts  per  dav.  The  rock  contains  a  large  amount 
of  sulphurets  and  black  galena,  and  shows  some  free  gold. 
It  is  an  excellent  looking  quality  of  rock,  and  will,  without 
doubt,  pay  well.  A  crushing  of  40  tons  was  made  this 
week,  but  we  have  not  learned  the  result.  The  ledge  ex- 
tends down  nearly  perpendicular  and  increases  iu  thick- 
ness and  richness  of  ore  as  they  go  down.  At  the  place 
where  ore  is  at  present  being  takeu  out,  it  is  nearly  Bix  ft 
thick.     About  50  tons  of  rock  are  at  present  on  the  dump. 

Ironclad.— Transcript,  June  15:  Within  the  past  day 
or  two  a  three-ft  ledge  of  very  rich  quartz  has  been  struck 
in  one  of  the  drifts  of  the  Ironclad  mine,  below  Rough 
and  Ready.  ,  ,    ,      ,  ,  .  , 

Crosley  &  Olive  Mine.— Thero  is  a  heavy  body  of  high- 
grade  ore,  and  some  of  it  under  the  incline  assays  as  high 
as  3800  per  ton.  This  rock  has  many  of  the  characteristics 
of  the  tellurium  ores  of  the  Bobtail  and  Gregory  lodes  m 
Colorado. 
WILLOW  CREEK  DISTRICT. 

Items.— Paradise  Reporter,  June  14:  Our  mining-ex- 
pert reporter  returned  last  week  from  a  trip  to  Willow 
Creek  mining  district,  and  pronounces  it  one  of  the  rich- 
est In  the  State.  Leaving  Paradise,  the  road  to  the  mines 
bears  to  the  northwest,  and  is  an  easy  one  to  travel  over 
until  the  summit  (about  10  miles  from  here)  of  the  Mount 
Rose  range  of  mountains  is  reached,  when  it  becomes 
necessary  to  dismount  and  lead  your  horse  down  and 
around  very  rocky  cliffs.  On  the  road  wo  passed  a  num- 
ber of  magnificent  fields  of  wheat  and  barley,  and  a  quan- 
tity of  bunch  and  other  wild  grasses  sufficient  to  feed  sev- 
eral thousand  head  of  stock  all  summer.  In  fact,  the 
countrylooks  beautiful.  There  is  also  in  the  district  a 
great  deal  of  fuel— such  as  mountain  mahogany,  cedar  and 
cotlonwood  trees— easy  to  get  at.  The  prospects  of  the 
camp  are  bright,  and  the  mines  arc  all  looking  well,  we 
found  that  the  Ethan  Allen  drift  has  been  run  in  on  tlie 
led-e  21  ft,  in  good  ore  all  the  distance,  and  looking  splen- 
did in  the  face  of  the  tunnel.  The  ledge  is  now  10  ft  wide, 
and  several  assayB  just  made,  from  an  average  of  the  ore, 
show  retums.of  from  $80  to  $100  per  ton.  Drifting  is  be- 
ing pushed  vigorously  ahead,  day  and  night.  The  enter- 
prising owners  have  built  a  wagon  road  to  within  300 
yards  of  the  mine.  They  frequently  encounter  native  sil- 
ver and  stef  en  ite.  There  is  an  abundance  of  water,  and 
at  least  10,000  cords  of  wood  can  be  procured  within  a  dis- 
tance of  six  miles. 

ARIZONA. 

Tombstone.—  Star.  June  12:  The  Tombstone  mining 
company's  mill,  on  the  San  Pedro,  eight  miles  from  the 
mine  is  running  on  third-class  ore  Irom  the  Toughnut 
mine  and  working  through  15  tons  per  day,  saving  the 
metal  bv  raw  amalgamation  up  to  SG%  of  the  assay  valuo, 
and  giving  bullion  003  fine.  A  roasting  furnace  is  going 
up  t3  work  first  and  second-class  ores,  which  are  much 
richer  in  silver  and  gold,  but  need  roasting.  The  first 
silver  brick  was  turned  out  last  week.    " 


Oou'ld  &  Ccmiy.— The  Joint  east  drift,  1700  level,  is 


It  was  about  82,000 


Continued  on  page  404. 


393 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[June  21,  1879. 


Public  Libraries. 

[Address  delivered  by  A.  S.  Hallidib  at  the  opening  of 
the  San  Francisco  Public  Library,  June  7th,  1879.] 

The  public  school  system  ot  this  country — a 
system  worthy  the  respect  of  every  citizen,  and 
which,  in  spite  of  many  imperfections,  stands 
to-day  the  glory  of  this  land  and  the  admira- 
tion of  enlightened  nations — has  grown  up  from 
the  infancy  of  this  nation  parallel  with  it  in 
character,  coequal  with  it  in  strength  and 
breadth,  as  deep  seated  as  the  roots  of  the  tree 
of  liberty,  and  expanding  in  glory  and  beauty  as 
it  sustains  this  nation's  life,  and  gives  vigor  and 
vitality  to  all  our  institutions  and  national  char- 
acteristics. From  this  grandest  of  all  testimo- 
nials to  the  intelligence  of  the  American  peo- 
ple have  emanated  the  public  libraries  of  this 
country,  so  generally  recognized  as  adjuncts  to 
and  essential  sequences  of  the  public  schools, 
which  educate  the  mind,  in  maturer  years,  to 
avail  itself  of  the  typical  thoughts  of  men  of  the 
past  and  present,  saved  to  us  by  the  art  preser- 
vative. As  the  apprentice  is  taught  in  the  prac- 
tice of  his  art  to  use  the  tools  of  his  craft  or  the 
swimmer  is  taught  to  swim,  so  the  scholar  in 
the  public  school  is  taught  the  use  of  books. 
Destroy  the  tools  and  there  is  no  need  of  the 
apprentice;  remove  the  water,  the  swimmer's 
occupation  is  gone;  abolish  the  public  libraries, 
the  usefulness  of  the  public  schools  is  impaired; 
by  neglecting  your  harvest,  what  availeth  the 
seed? 

The  libraries  in  the  United  States  are  the  in- 
stitutions of  the  people.  From  them  they 
sprung  and  to  them  they  belong  ;  the  rich  need 
tnem  not,  nor  the  public  schools.  Bigotry  ab- 
hors public  libraries  and  hates  public  schools. 
But  to  the  people — to  nine-tenths  of  my  fellow 
citizens  they  are  each  and  both  the  guardian  of 
their  liberty,  the  guaranty  of  their  indepen- 
dence. Knowledge  is  power — and  a  knowledge 
of  power  is  independence.  With  apparent  spon- 
taneity libraries  have  developed  in  almost  every 
hamlet  and  town  where  the  public-school  system 
exists.  The  exceptions  are  indeed  rare ;  San 
Francisco  being  an  example  of  this  exception, 
the  more  astonishing  from  the  recognized  high 
educational  standard  of  her  public  schools. 
Happily  this  cloud  over  her  fair  reputation  is 
about  to  be  removed. 

Until  quite  recently  the  libraries  of  this 
country  have  been  independent  of  each  other  in 
organization,  management  and  experience.  The 
Centennial  celebration  gave  an  impetus  to  every 
department  of  science  and  art,  and  the  National 
Bureau  of  Education  vitalized  and  gave  form 
and  homogeneity  to  the  scattered  and  varied 
library  interests  of  the  country. 

The  conference  of  librarians  held  in  Phila- 
delphia in  1876,  first  fairly  brought  before  the 
world  the  main  features  of  the  work  being  done 
by  them  and  produced  that  valuable  and  now 
scarce  report  on  the  Public  Libraries  of  the 
United  States  by  the  Bureau  of  Education.  The 
result  of  this  conference  was  so  well  appreciated 
abroad  that  a  similar  one  was  held  in  England 
in  the  city  of  London  the  year  following,  when 
a  large  number  of  delegates  were  present  from 
the  United  States.  This  convention,  in  acknowl- 
edgement of  the  earnestness  of  the  work  done 
in  this  country,  adopted  the  Library  Journal 
published  in  Boston,  Massachusetts,  as  the  offi- 
cial organ  of  the  libraries  of  Great  Britain. 
That  the  subject  has  become  of  extreme  im- 
portance and  public  interest  may  be  gathered 
from  the  fact  that  last  year  a  further  conference 
was  held  in  Oxford,  England,  and  that  during 
the  present  month  (June)  a  conference  will  be 
held  in  the  city  of  Boston,  Mass.  The  results 
of  the  conferences  will  be  a  more  thorough  un- 
derstanding of  the  mission  and  scope  of  public 
libraries,  a  greater  compatability  in  their  man- 
agement, an  exchange  of  good  offices,  the  elim- 
ination of  much  valueless  material  that  hampers 
the  shelves,  and  the  grading  of  the  libraries. 

My  recent  visit  to  the  principal  libraries  of 
the  United  States  has  increased  my  respect  for 
them  and  my  appreciation  of  the  great  work 
they  are  doing.  Few  persons  can  have  any 
conception  of  the  careful  thought,  untiring 
energy  and  disinterested  efforts  of  the  many 
self- sacrificing  men  and  women  of  this  country 
who  are,  and  have  been  devoting  themselves  to 
the  cause  of  education  and  better  morals  by 
means  of  the  public  libraries. 

I  propose  very  briefly  to  refer  to  three  of  the 
libraries  I  visited  and  which  I  think  may  be 
taken  as  representatives  of  separate  classes — 
the  public  library  of  Worcester,  Apprentices' 
library  of  New  York,  and  the  public  library  of 
Boston — the  first  meeting  the  wants  of  a  thriv- 
ing manufacturing  district,  the  second  supply- 
ing the  needs  of  young  men  and  women  actively 
employed  in  some  trade,  the  third  to  supply 
the  general  public  of  a  city  of  more  than  aver- 
age intelligence. 

In  1859,  Dr.  John  Green  gave  to  the  city  of 
Worcester  a  library  of  7,000  volumes  for  refer- 
ence and  consultation,  and  to  be  used  only  in 
the  building.  Immediately  thereafter,  the 
Worcester  Lyceum  and  Library  Association 
presented  its  library  of  4,500  volumes  as  a 
nucleus  for  a  library  of  circulation,  both  of 
which  the  city  accepted,  and  thus  established 
the  Free  Public  Library  of  the  city  of  Wor- 
cester. In  1865,  the  citizens  raised  a  fund  of 
$11,000  to  maintain  a  reading-room,  and  in  the 
same  year  the  library  received  a  legacy  from  Dr. 
Green  of  $30,000,  as  a  permanent  fund,  one- 
fourth  of  the  interest  of  which  was  to  be  added 
to  the  principal.  The  library  now  consists  of 
46,000  volumes,  of  which  about  26,000  are  for 


reference,  and  20,000  for  circulation.  During 
the  past  year  132,384  volumes  were  taken  home 
and  read,  and  30,079  were  read  in  the  reference 
room.  There  are  15,547  names  of  persons 
entitled  to  use  the  library  on  the  register.  The 
library  is  open  every  day,  including  Sunday, 
for  reading,  from  2  to  9  p.  m.  ,  and  the  average 
Sunday  attendance  is  248.  The  library  is  in  a 
good  substantial  stone  building,  and  is  well 
supplied  with  general  literature,  but  is  especi- 
ally rich  in  illustrated  works  on  the  arts  and 
industries;  and  there  is  not  a  mechanic  or 
artisan  in  Worcester  but  can  find  there  abund- 
ance of  authorities  and  information  on  his  trade 
or  calling. 

Worcester  has  a  population  of  about  50,000. 
It  is  quite  a  manufacturing  center,  and  as  busy 
a  town  in  proportion  to  its  population  as  any  in 
Massachusetts;  and  it  is  to  be  congratulated 
upon  the  excellent  care  and  judgment  that  have 
been  exercised  in  the  selection  of  books  so  well 
adapted  to  the  needs  of  the  community.  Here 
we  have  a  town  with  a  population  of  50,000 
souls,  with  an  exceedingly  valuable  public 
library  of  46,000  volumes,  or  nearly  one  volume 
to  every  man,  woman  and  child  living  there. 

The  Apprentices'  library,  in  New  York,  al- 
though occupying  a  building  not  constructed  or 
particularly  well  adapted  for  the  purpose,  is 
perhaps  the  best  arranged  library  of  its  size  and 
for  its  opportunity,  of  any  I  have  visited.  The 
impression  on  enteringwas  exceedingly  agreeable 
and  striking.  The  library  room  proper  is  104 
feet  long  by  36  feet  wide.  The  light  comes  from 
the  roof,  through  a  skylight  75  feet  long  by  16 
feet  wide,  and  the  bookcases  are  arranged  in 
alcoves  surrounding  the  room  on  two  Bides  and 
one  end  three  tiers  high,  eight  feet  deep;  each 
bookcase  is  eight  feet  high  and  has  a  space  of 
three  feet  between.  In  this  room  also  are  the 
waiting  room,  delivery  desk,  librarian's  desk, 
etc.;  and  the  shelving,  containing  60,000  vol- 
umes, has  room  for  40,000  volumes  more.  The 
light  is  ample,  the  books  easy  of  access,  and 
opportunity  for  classification  is  admirable.  The 
library  is  quite  an  old  one,  as  the  General  Soci- 
ety of  Mechanics  and  Tradesmen,  of  the  city  of 
New  York,  was  chartered  in  1792.  The  library 
is  owned  by  this  society,  but  it  is  a  free  library, 
and  open  to  all  young  men  and  young  women 
who  are  actually  engaged  in  active  employment. 
It  circulates  128,000  volumes  annually,  and  the 
evening  I  was  there  the  reading  rooms  were 
well  fiUed;  and  there  were  at  one  time  about  50 
boys  and  as  many  girls  selecting  books  on  the 
catalogue  and  awaiting  the  delivery.  The  ut- 
most order  and  decorum  prevailed.  It  was  a 
great  pleasure  to  see  the  good  work  this  library 
was  doing  among  these  young  toilers  and 
workers,  and  the  interest  they  took  in  the 
library. 

The  Boston  public  library  was  started  in 
1852,  through  a  gift  from  Mr.  Joshua  Bates,  of 
$50,000  to  the  city.  A  site  was  selected  and  a 
building  erected  at  a  coab  of  §365,000,  and  was 
opened  to  the  public  in  1858.  Its  growth  has 
been  remarkable,  and  it  stands  to-day  at  the 
head  of  the  libraries  in  the  United  States  as 
much  in  the  number  of  its  books,  liberality  of 
administration,  extent  of  active  work  and  thor- 
oughness of  organization. 

In  order  to  make  the  work  of  the  library  as 
useful  and  general  as  possible,  there  are  eight 
branches  located  in  different  parts  of  the 
city,  which  enable  citizens  to  obtain  books  with- 
out too  great  a  distance  to  travel.  The  num- 
ber of  books  in  the  library  at  this  time  exceeds 
350,000  volumes,  and  there  were  issued  during 
the  year  1,183,991  volumes,  which  were  taken 
home  and  read.  Ten  years  previous  <1S68)  the 
circulation  was  but  75,570.  The  number  of 
persons  registered  who  have  applied  for  the  use 
of  the  library  since  1852,  is  128,141,  of  which 
75%  may  be  considered  active.  The  population 
of  Boston  is  about  400,000,  thus  giving,  as  in 
the  case  of  Worcester,  nearly  one  volume  to 
each  man,  woman  and  child  in  the  city. 

Of  course,  such  a  library  requires  a  large  force 
to  carry  it  on,  and  there  are  about  130  persons 
engaged,  the  amount  of  salary  being  about  §65,- 
000  annually,  and  the  amount  invested  in  books 
for  the  past  five  years  being  §150,000.  As  high 
as  10,478  books  have  been  withdrawn  in  one 
day  from  the  central  library  and  its  branches, 
and  the  loss  from  all  causes  does  not  exceed  one 
in  10,000. 

The  influence  of  the  Boston  public  library  has 
been  and  is  most  marked,  which  is  largely  due  to 
the  appreciation  of  its  great  value  by  the  citizens, 
and  the  earnestness  and  intelligence  exercised 
by  itsjlate  librarian,  Mr.  Justin  Winsor,  (now  at 
Harvard). 

It  is  no  use  tiring  your  patience  with  any 
reference  to  other  libraries  I  visited.  Suffice  it 
to  say,  that  at  St.  Louis,  Indianapolis,  Cincin- 
nati, Baltimore,  Philadelphia,  New  York, 
Boston,  Brooklyn,  Pittsburg,  Cleveland  and 
Chicago  I  found  well-established,  free  public 
libraries,  all  active  and  growing;  and  there  re- 
mains the  city  of  San  Francisco,  with  its  popu- 
lation of  about  300,000  souls,  with  its  feeble  at- 
tempt at  a  public  library,  disputing  over  the 
miserable  appropriation  of  $24,000. 

In  the  year  1800,  there  were,  all  told,  80,000 
volumes  in  the  various  public  libraries  in  the 
United  States.  Seventy-six  years  later,  there 
were  2, 958  public  libraries,  possessing  12, 039, 724 
volumes.  In  1860,  there  were  27, 730  public  and 
private  libraries,  with  13,316,000  volumes;  and 
10  years  later  there  were  reported  164,815  public 
and  private  libraries,  with  45,629,000  volumes. 
Joshua  Bates  gave  Boston  $50,000  to  start  its 
public  library,  and  added  §50,000  more  before 
he  died.  Peter  Cooper  gave  the  Cooper  Insti- 
tute 17,500  volumes  to  establish  its  library,  and 
this  was  but  a  fraction  of  his  princely  benevo- 


lence in  similar  directions.  George  Peabody 
gave  Baltimore  §1,400,000  to  establish  a  library 
there.  John  Jacob  and  William  B.  Astor  gave 
New  York  §700,000  to  found  and  maintain  the 
Astor  library.  John  Lenox  gave  §700,000  to 
found  the  Lenox  library  in  New  York,  and  is 
still  adding.  Walter  N.  Newberry  has  left 
§2,000,000  to  Chicago  to  establish  a  library  on 
the  north  side.  Joseph  Fisher  left  Philadelphia 
$55,000,  and  Dr.  James  Rush  left  the  same  city 
§1,000,000  to  maintain  a  library  there.  Mr. 
Howes  has  just  left  the  Boston  Athenaeum  §150,  - 
000  towards  its  library,  and  Mr.  Asa  Packer 
has  given  §500,000  to  the  library  of  the  Lehigh 
University,  and  these  are  but  a  few  of  the  gifts 
that  have  been  made  to  the  libraries  of  this 
country. 

I  cannot  but  feel  humiliated  that  San  Fran- 
cisco should  have  so  long  stood  alone  not  only 
without  a  great  public  library,  but  without  any 
of  those  public  galleries  and  halls  which  tend  so 
much  to  make  a  community  better  in  thought 
and  action. 

The  public  libraries  of  America  have  a  unique 
existence  and  a  patriotic  object.  They  are  not 
gathered  together  by  the  vanity  of  national 
pride  or  wealth,  and  are  thus  different  to  the 
great  libraries  of  bygone  ages,  but  they  are 
built  up  by  the  necessities  of  conditions  peculiar 
to  the  American  people;  they  are  the  guide,  the 
friend,  the  solace  of  the  workingman  and  toiling 
woman — the  instructor,  the  hope  and  the  rest. 
The  public  schools  make  them  a  necessity,  and 
to  impede  their  success,  their  progress,  or  their 
usefulness  by  ever  so  little  an  obstacle  is  a  crime 
before  God  and  man. 

Let  us  then  earnestly  unite  in  destroying  the 
difficulties  in  the  way,  and  with  those  difficulties 
sweep  away  those  who  through  ignorance  or 
viciousness  would  retard  the  onward  progress  of 
the  Public  Library  of  San  Francisco. 

The  Telluride  Ores  of  Gold— No.  2. 

[Thesis  by  Rubsell  L.  Dunn,  College  of  Mines,  University 
of  California.  | 

Mineralogy. 

The  mineralogy  of  the  tellurium  minerals  is 
extremely  interesting,  since  tellurium  is  the  only 
non-metallic  element  with  which  gold  occurs  in 
chemical  combination  in  nature.  These  min- 
erals are  never  found  very  far  from  gold.  The 
native  tellurets  invariably  contain  at  least  a 
trace  of  gold.  So  intimate  is  this  relation  that 
we  may  consider  all  of  the  tellurium  minerals  in 
connection  with  its  gold  combinations,  and  al- 
though only  two  or  three  of  the  latter  are  abun- 
dant enough  to  constitute  ores,  their  discussion, 
without  reference  to  the  others,  would  be  in- 
complete. Some  of  these  species  are  extremely 
rare  and  have  only  recently  been  discovered, 
most  of  them  in  Colorado.  Several  mineralo- 
gists have  been  investigating  these  minerals,  and 
the  results  obtained  by  them  are  of  considerable 
value  and  interest.  I  shall  first  take  up  a  few 
of  the  most  interesting  of  these  minerals  in  de- 
tail, giving  such  results  of  investigations  already 
made  as  may  be  peculiar  or  practically  useful, 
without  stating  all  the  technical  details.  These 
latter  can  readily  be  obtained  from  standard 
mineralogical  works  or  the  references  cited. 

Sylvanite  or  graphic  tellurium  is  the  principal 
telluride  ore  of  gold.  It  has  been  extensively 
mined  for  that  metal  in  Transylvania,  where  it 
was  first  discovered.  In  both  California  and 
Colorado  it  is  found;  in  the  latter  it  is  quite  im- 
portant, metallurgically  considered.  *  *The 
chemical  composition  of  the  Colorado  mineral 
seems  to  differ  somewhat  from  that  of  Transyl- 
vania, but  not  enough  to  be  considered  a  dis- 
tinct species.  The  following  will  show  the  re- 
lative proportions  of  gold  and  silver  in  each  va- 
riety : 

Colorado  (Silliman) ..Au  1.7        Ag  1.0 

Transylvania  (Berzeliue) Au  1.8       Ag  1.0 

Calaverite  was  first  found  accompanying 
other  telluride  minerals  in  ore  from  the  Melones 
mine,  Calaveras  county,  California,  by  Dr. 
Genth.  It  is  the  most  valuable  of  the  telluride 
minerals,  as  it  contains  the  highest  percentage 
of  gold.  It  occurs  massive  and  without  any  in- 
dications of  crystallization;  color,  bronze  yel- 
low; streak,  yellowish  gray;  brittle;  fracture, 
uneven.  From  3.06%  to  3.52%  of  silver  is  pres- 
ent. An  analysis  made  of  the  mineral  from 
Colorado  gave  the  composition  as  follows: 

Au 39. 01 

Ag 3.0e 

Te 57. 93 


considers  its  formula  to  be  Hg  Te,  correspond- 
ing to  Hg  Se  and  Hg  S.  I  am  informed  that 
native  mercury  has  been  found  accompanying 
this  mineral.  It,  of  course,  results  from  the  de- 
composition of  the  telluride. 

Altaite  is  found  in  considerable  quantities 
(comparatively)  in  both  California  and  Colorado 
in  their  respective  telluride  districts.  Its  form- 
ula is  Pb  Te,  a  small  portion  of  silver  almost 
invariably  replacing  some  of  the  lead. 

*Henryite  was  discovered  and  named  by  Prof. 
Endlich,  who  found  it  in  Red  Cloud  ore  from 
Colorado.  It  seems  to  be  exceedingly  rare.  In 
its  physical  properties  it  resembles  Altaite,  but 
differs  from  it  in  chemical  composition.  An 
analysis  gave  the  following  result: 

Pb 59.19 

Fe 5.05 

Ag 0.31 

Te  (by  difference) 41.45 


This  agrees  very  nearly  with  the  formula 
3PbTe  +  FeTe,  with  a  little  of  the  lead  re- 
placed by  silver.  *  Pyrite  invariably  occurs 
with  it,  but  there  is  not  the  slightest  trace  of 
sulphur  in  the  pure  mineral. 

Hessite  Group. 

There  are  a  number  of  tellurium  minerals 
very  much  resembling  each  other  in  appearance 
and  physical  properties,  but  differing  slightly 
in  chemical  composition.  They  can  all  be  con- 
sidered as  hessite  in  which  gold  is  present,  re- 
placing the  silver  from  a  trace  upward.  I  have 
accordingly,  for  want  of  a  better  name,  called 
them  the  Hessite  group. 


Siberia 

Colorado... 
Nagyag.... 
California.. 
Colorado. . . 

1 

fe 
f 

3 

Hessite, 
Au.  Hessite. 
Petzite. 
Petzite. 
Schirmerite. 

k 

+  +  +  : 

•-3       : 

0 

to 

e 

q 

trace 
7.13 
19.2 
25.3 

IS.  8 

!> 
P 

O 
| 
O 

S3 
0 
a 

62.8 
51.06 
47.0 
41.9 
28.6 

■  w  to-    co 

■  WW'     s 

« 

m  '    '    "    ' 

*d:  :  :  : 

cr.    .    .   . 

O 

MMMMJ 

> 
If 

7.1 

2.44 
1.65 
1.5 

« 

& 


CO 

e 


.    O 

,5 


This  composition  corresponding  to  the  form- 
ula (£Au  £Ag)  Te2  .  Dr.  Genth  considers  the 
yellow  variety  of  Sylvanite  found  in  Transyl- 
vania to  be  nothing  but  impure  Calaverite. 

Coloradoite  was  discovered  in  Colorado  asso- 
ciated with  other  tellurium  minerals.  It  has, 
as  yet,  been  found  nowhere  else.  It  occurs 
massive,  somewhat  granular;  color,  black,  in- 
clining to  iron-gray;  luster,  metallic;  hardness, 
about  3;  fracture,  uneven  to  sub-conchoidal;  sp. 
gr.  is  8.627.  Before  the  blow-pipe,  in  a  closed 
tube,  it  yields  mercury,  tellurious  acid  and  tel- 
lurium. A  specimen  from  the  Keystone  mine, 
Boulder  county,  Colorado,  showed,  on  analysis, 
the  following  composition: 


Te. 


.42.95 


Hg 52.28 

CuO 0.43 

V2  03 0.70 

Fe 2.44 

MgO 11 

99.32 

Dr.  Genth,    who  made  the  above  analysis, 
*American'Journal  of  Science,  1874,  Vol,  VIII.,  No.  43, 


Of  Tauriferous  hessite,  Prof.  Silliman,  who 
has  investigated  it,  does  not  give  a  complete 
analysis.  Of  ^Schirmerite,  discovered  and 
named  by  Prof.  Endlich,  the  formula  is  only 
given  as  probable.  He  gives  the  result  of  an 
incomplete  analysis.  Petzite  is  the  principal 
gold-bearing  telluride  in  the  California  veins 
and  occurs  in  nearly  all  of  the  mines  where 
tellurides  are  found  in  Colorado.  Besides  the 
mineral  species  already  noticed,  tellurium  and 
gold  are  found  associated  in  several  rare  min- 
erals, generally  accompanying  some  of  the  former, 
but  they  are  of  no  importance  as  a  source  of  gold 
and  will  not  therefore  be  considered. 

The  greater  amount  of  all  these  gold-bearing 
tellurides  is  disseminated  throughout  the  mass 
of  silicious  gangue.  In  pockets,  bunches  and 
seams  of  pure  mineral  are  sometimes  found,  but 
rarely  of  any  great  size.  Sylvanite  and  petzite 
sometimes  occur  foliated,  and  the  latter  would 
seem  to  be  composed  in  many  cases  of  thin  flat 
scales,  so  fine  as  to  float  in  water.  Sylvanite 
has  the  lowest  specific  gravity,  about  5.7,  and 
from  this  up  to  8.28  ;  the  average  of  the  others 
is  about  this  latter  figure.  All  are  quite  soft, 
ranging  in  hardness  from  1.5  to  3.5. 

Associated  Minerals. 

The  associated  mineral  species  are,  with  few 
exceptions,  not  characteristic.  Among  the  ex- 
ceptions may  he  noted  the  rare  vanadium  min- 
eral, Roscoelite.  It  was  first  discovered  in  one 
of  the  telluride  veins  in  California  and  has  since 
been  found  in  Colorado.  A  Colorado  mineral  con- 
sidered by  Dr.  Genth,  who  has  examined  it,  to  be 
a  variety  of  Roscoelite,  with  the  vanadium  nearly 
all  replaced  by  aluminium,  is  common  enough  to 
be  sought  after  as  an  indication  of  the  presence 
of  tellurides.  It  occurs  as  a  green  stain  in  the 
quartz.  It  is  itself  perfectly  barren  of  gold  and 
silver,  but  is  often  associated  with  the  telluretted 
minerals  of  these  metals.  The  California  min- 
eral is  said  by  Dr.  Blake  to  be  microscopically 
interlaminated  with  gold. 

A  knowledge  of  the  character  and  amount  of 
the  minerals  present  in  an  ore  as  impurities  is 
indispensable  to  the  metallurgist.  In  the  ores 
of  gold  and  silver  the  amount  of  these  impuri- 
ties is  usually  far  greater  than  that  of  the  valu- 
able mineral,  and,  as  a  rule,  on  them,  and  not 
on  the  condition  of  the  gold  and  silver,  does  the 
choice  of  the  whole  or  part  of  the  process  em- 
ployed depend.  Though  this  is  hardly  the  case 
with  the  telluride  ores,  the  principal   difficulty 

♦"Proceedings  Am.  Phil.  Soc.  of  Philadelphia,"  VoL 
XIV.,  p.  230. 

\  American  Journal  of  Science,  Vol.  VIII.,  No.  43,  p.  26. 
j"U.  S.  Survey  of  Colorado,"  Hayden,  1876,  p.  354. 


June  21,  1879."! 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


with  them  being  to  get  rid  of  the  tellurium 
without  losing  gold  at  the  same  time,  still  they 
have  more  or  less  influence  in  determining  the 
line  of  treatment. 

For  the  purpose  of  comparison  I  give  a  list  of 
associated  minerals,  as  found  in  two  or  three  OJ 
the  localities  where  these  ores  are  mined: 

1st.  Stanislaus  mine,  near  Robinson 'b  Kerry, 
Calaveras  county,  California.  The  gangue  is 
quart/.  Mineral  species  are  dolemite,  calcite, 
sidurite,  pyrite,  chalsopyrite,  a  titaniforous  iron, 
mupuskel,  and  in  small  quantities,  galena,  sphal- 
erite and  roscoelite. 

2d.  Red  Cloud  mine,  Bonlder  county,  Col- 
orado. Gangue,  an  impure  quarU  containing 
crystals  of  feldspar.  Mineral  Bpecies  are  pyrite 
(abundant),  galenite  aud  sphalerite  in  Binall 
quantities;  no  silver  or  copper  compounds  with 
sulphur,  are  found.  [Kudlich.J  The  same  will 
answer  for  the  other  telluride  mines  of  Boulder 
county,  except  that  arsenical  and  copper  pyrites 
ure  found  in  some  of  them. 

As  shown  by  the  preceding  there  is  a  great 
paucity  of  mineral  species — excepting  tellurium 
compounds — in  these  veins,  and  in  fact  in  all  of 
both  California  and  Colorado  deposits  of  work- 
able tellurides  the  same  peculiarity  is  observ- 
able. This  paucity  is  still  more  marked  in 
comparing  them  with  the  deposits  in  Transyl- 
vania. In  the  veins  of  Nagyag,  over  40  distinct 
mineral  species  are  found. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  tellurium  min- 
erals thus  far  fouud  in  the  United  States.  The 
localities  are  also  given.  All  are  more  or  less 
rich  in  gold  and  silver: 

1.  AUaite. — Melones  and  Stanislaus  mines, 
Calaveras  county,  and  the  Golden  Rule  and 
Green  mines,  Tuolumne  county,  Cal.  In  nearly 
all  of  the  telluride  mines  of  Boulder  county,  at 
the  head  of  Blue  river  and  near  Lake  city,  San 
Juan  county,  Col. 

2.  Calaverite. — Stanislaus  and  Golden  Rule 
mines,  Cal.  Several  mines  in  Boulder  county, 
Col. 

3.  Coloradoite  [Hg  Te], — Boulder  county, 
Col. 

4.  Hennjite. — Red  Cloud  mine,  Boulder 
county,  Col.  It  will  probably  be  found  in 
other  mines  in  the  same  vicinity. 

5.  Htssite.  — Near  Georgetown,  El  Dorado 
county,  Cal.  (float).  It  probably  occurs  mixed 
with  other  telluride  minerals  in  both  California 
anil  Colorado. 

6.  Auriferous  Hessite. — Red  Cloud,  American 
and  other  mines  in  Boulder  county,  Col. 

7.  Lionite. — Mountain  Lion  mine,  Boulder 
county,  Col.  (Genth). 

8.  Melonite  [Nia  Tea  ]  (?). —Stanislaus  mine, 
Cal.  (Genth). 

9.  MontanUe. — A  telluride  of  bismuth,  High- 
land, Montana  Ter.,  (float).  (Genth). 

10.  NaffyagUe. — Several  mines  in  Boulder 
county,  Col. 

11.  Petzile  [3AgTe  +  AuTe].— Calaveras  aud 
Tuolumne  counties,  Cal.     Boulder  county,  Col. 

12.  Schirmerite. — Red  Cloud  mine,  Col. 

13.  Sylvanite. — Stanislaus  mine,  Cal.  Boul- 
der county  mines,  near  Lake  City,  San  Juan 
county,  near  Parrot  City,  Col. 

14.  Tellurite  [Te02  ].  Smuggler  aud  John 
Jay  mines,  Boulder  county,  Col.  (Genth). 

15.  Tellurium. — Calaveras  and  Tuolumne 
counties,  Cal.  Boulder  county,  Col. 

16.  Tellur-pyrites. — Boulder  county,  Col. 
(Shepard). 

17.  Tetradymile. — Several  localities  in  the 
gold  region  of  Virginia,  North  Carolina  and 
Georgia,  Boulder  county,  Col. 

In  addition  to  the  localities  already  men- 
tioned, tellurides  have  been  found  or  reported, 
to  have  been  found  in  several  other  places.  In 
Boise  Basin,  Idaho  Ter.,  workable  deposits  of 
the  gold-bearing  tellurides  (probably  similar  to 
thoBe  of  Colorado)  have  been  found.  At  sev- 
eral points  in  a  line  from  Boulder  county  to 
Lake  City,  San  Juan  county,  in  Colorado,  un- 
important discoveries  have  been  made.  In  the 
northern  part  of  Kern  county,  California,  tellu- 
rium minerals  are  reported  to  have  been  found 
in  the  Harley  mine,  seven  miles  from  Kernville, 
and  near  Bahton.  Some  years  ago  a  telluret 
was  found  in  quartz  from  Grass  Valley,  Nevada 
county,  also  in  the  Tellurium  mine,  Amador 
county.  Finds  have  been  reported  during  the 
last  few  weeks  in  San  Luis  Obispo  and  Sierra 
counties.  These  minerals  have  a  much  wider 
distribution  than  was  thought  a  few  years  ago, 
and  it  is  reasonable  to  suppose  that  as  some  of 
the  new  gold  quartz  districts  of  Colorado,  Idaho 
and  Montana  become  explored  and  developed, 
new  discoveries  of  value  will  be  made. 
[To  be  Continued.] 


399 


Rapid  Communication. — A  merchant,  sitting 
in  his  office  in  South  street,  New  York,  recently 
received  an  answer  to  his  dispatch  sent  to 
Shanghai,  six  hours  previously.  Thirty  thou- 
sand miles  in  six  hours  is  good  time  even  for 
the  telegraph.  The  charge  to  Shanghai  is  $2.80 
per  word;  to  Yokohama,  $3.05;  but  the  code,  or 
cipher,  is  so  well  systematized  by  certain  mer- 
cantile houses,  that  a  single  word  serves  for  a 
dozen  when  transcribed. 


Keeping  Pace  with  the  Advance  of  Sci- 
ence.— It  is  an  interesting  fact  that  the  pro- 
gress of  scientific  knowledge  is  so  rapid  that 
the  great  cyclopaedias  and  dictionaries,  instead 
of  being  always  infallible  authorities,  are  com- 
polled  to  make  frequent  amendments,  Being 
stereotyped,  they  are  compelled  to  melt  up  their 
whole  stock  every  few  years,  and  reprint  the 
whole  or  soon  become  unreliable  and  antiquated, 


Spontaneous  Combustion  Practically  Con- 
sidered. 

Although  of  paramount  importance  to  ma- 
chine Bliops  and  all  industries  requiring  the  use 
of  swift  running  gear,  oil,  packing,  rags,  etc., 
spontaneous  combustion  seems  to  have  assumed 
the  mixed  phase  of  spontaneous  generation.  In 
both  cases  the  cause  is  disregarded,  and  the  ef- 
fect mostly  considered.  It  is  a  fact,  howover, 
that  machine  shops,  mills,  etc.,  aro  destroyed 
by  the  spontaneous  ignition  of  certain  olements, 
the  origin  and  nature  of  which  are  as  perfectly 
known  to  science,  as  auy  can  bo.  Iu  the  case  of 
oiled  rags,  we  know  that  heat  is  gradually 
developed  by  the  absorption  of  the  oxygen  of 
the  atmosphere,  until  the  hydro-carbouof  the 
oil  iguites  spontaneously.  It  is  the  nature  of 
theso  elements  to  do  so,  and  we  noed  not  be 
more  astonished  that  such  ignition  should  oc- 
cur, than  if  we  were  to  apply  a  lighted  match  to 
gunpowder,  and  an  explosion  follow. 

In  the  case  of  a  boiler  covering  or  packing, 
the  same  elements  concur  to  produce  the  same 
result,  viz.,  the  heat  of  the  boiler  gradually  car- 
bonizes the  covering  or  packing,  and  the  hydro- 
gen of  the  atmosphere  uniting  with  it,  is  oper- 
ated upon  finally  by  the  oxygen  until  ignition 
takes  place. 

The  same  may  be  said  of  wood  work  exposed 
to  continual  or  repeated  heat,  as  the  flooring  un- 
der and  surrounding  a  furnace  or  stove,  or  near 
a  stove-pipe.  Here,  although  the  metal  is  not 
in  contact  with  the  wood,  yet  the  heat  of  the 
metal  carbonizes  the  atoms  floating  near  it  in 
the  atmosphere,  which  falling  or  settling  upon 
the  wood  work  accumulate  to  such  a  degree,  and 
permeate  the  pores  of  the  wood  so  completely, 
that  the  atmosphere  operating  UDOn  it  finally 
causes  ignition,  which  consumes  the  wood. 

In  machine  shops,  particularly  in  mills  where 
the  machinery  is  run  at  a  high  rate  of  speed,  the 
friction  generated  by  the  motion  carbonizes  the 
atoms  which  are  always  floating  in  the  atmos- 
phere, and  which  peuetratiug  everywhere,  even 
into  the  pores  of  dry  exposed  wood,  or  other 
porous  combustible  material,  bring  about  igni- 
tion silently  but  as  surely  as  a  direct  applica- 
tion of  fire. 

Of  course  an  explosion  often  occurs,  but  this  is 
simply  the  rapid  ignition  peculiar  to  all  hydro- 
carbons. 

It  is  useless  to  deride  these  facts,  cases  of 
spontaneous  combustion  are  increasing  in  fre- 
quency, principally  in  old  establishments  where 
the  carbonizing  process  has  been  going  on 
for  years,  or  in  those  more  recent  ones inwhich 
nature  is  aided  by  the  carelessness  of  man,  and 
her  otherwise  slow  but  sure  processes  accel- 
erated. 

Perhaps  a  remedy  would  be  a  thorough  reno- 
vation, and  the  use  of  plenty  of  incombustible 
paint  on  all  surfaces  exposed  to  favorable  influ- 
ences. Of  course  old  and  dry  wood,  saturated 
with  carbon,  could  be  prevented  from  any  further 
chemical  action,  while  new  wood  would  have  its 
pores  filled  up  by  the  use  of  such  paint  to  the 
exclusion  of  deleterious  atoms. 

Many  of  bur  hydro-carbons  will  not  stand  a  fire 
test^of  60°,  and  even  those  in  common  use  do 
not  rise  above  110°;  so  that  the  heated  atmos- 
phere of  our  shops  and  mills,  often  much  greater 
than  this,  will  operate  as  too  high  a  fire  test. 

Precaution  is  much  less  expensive  than  the 
expenses  of  litigation  to  recover  insurance,  more 
especially  since  courts,  led  astray  by  professional 
experts,  hold  that  the  damage  is  caused  by  the 
explosion  and  not  by  fire — placing  effect  again 
before  cause.  Shooting  off  the  gun  without  ig- 
niting the  powder. 


To  Prevent  Mold  in.  Cellars,  Etc. — To 
prevent  the  formation  of  mold  in  malt  cellars 
and  fermenting  cellars,  it  is  not  sufficient  to 
paint  the  walls,  floors  and  ceiling  with  ordinary 
milk  of  lime  or  whitewash,  but  it  is  well  to  add 
some  carbolate  of  lime.  It  would  also  be  worthy 
of  a  trial  to  paint  the  outsides  of  fermenting 
vats  with  water-glass,  to  which  some  salycilic 
acid  has  been  added.  The  vats  would  probably 
gain  in  durability  as  well  as  density.  Phenol  is 
frequently  preferred  to  salicylic  acid  as  an  anti- 
septic. That  this  preference  is  not  quite  justifi- 
able was  shown  by  the  experiment  that  25  milli- 
grammes phenol  interrupted  the  germination  of 
100  grains  of  barley  ;  but  on  the  evaporation  of 
the  phenol,  the  grain  regained  its  germinating 
power.  A  mixture  of  50  milligrammes  salicylic 
acid,  with  50  cubic  centimeters  water,  destroyed 
the  germinating  power  of  the  same  completely. 


A  New  DlEIKFEOTAKT.— Dt  John  Day,  of 
Geelong,  Australia,  recommends  for  use  in  civil 
and  military  hospitals,  and  also  for  tho  purpose 
of  destroying  the  poison  germs  of  small-pox, 
searlet  Fever,  and  other  infectious  diseases,  a 
bant  ingeniously  composed  of  one  part 
of  rectified  oil  oi  turpentine  and  seven  parts  of 
benziuc,  with  tho  additiou  of  live  drops  of  oil  of 
!  to  each  ounce.  Its  purifying  .nil 
'<  infecting  properties  aro  due  "to  the  power 
v.  in.  I.  is  possessed  by  each  of  tho  ingredients, 
of  absorbing  atmospheric  oxygen,  and  convert- 
ing it  into  peroxide  of  hydrogen  -a  highly  active 
oxidizing  agent,  and  very  similar  in  its  nature 
to  ozone.  Articles  of  clothing,  furniture,  wall 
paper,  carpeting,  books,  newspapers,  letters, 
etc.,  may  be  perfectly  saturated  with  it  without 
receiving  the  slightest  injury;  and  whenithaa 
been  once  freely  applied  to  any  rough  or  porous 
surface,  its  action  will  bo  persistent  for  an 
almost  indefinite  period.  This  may,  at  any 
time,  be  readily  shown  by  pouring  a  few  drops 
of  a  solution  of  iodide  of  potassium  over  the 
material  which  has  been  disinfected,  when  the 
peroxide  of  hydrogen  which  is  being  continually 
generated  within  it  will  quickly  liberate  tho 
iodine  from  its  combination  with  tho  potassium, 
aud  give  rise  to  dark  brown  stains.— Britieli 
Sfedical  Journal, 


Incombustible  Paint. — In  connection  with 
the  query  as  to  how  combustible  surfaces  are  to 
bo  protected  from  fire,  spontaneous  or  otherwise, 
we  call  attention  to  the  fact  that  water-glass,  or 
soluble  silicate  of  soda,  will,  in  most  cases,  be  a 
protection  against  fire,  and  may  be  mixed  with 
any  paint.  Beams,  lath,  boards,  etc.,  painted 
with  colors  containing  water-glass,  are  found  to 
be  unaffected  by  fire.  The  proportions  are  as 
follows,  viz. :  25  parts  by  weight  of  pulverized 
baryta  spar,  which  is  mixed  dry  with  one  part 
of  zinc  white  and  made  into  a  pulp  with  20 
parts  of  water;  then  add  25  parts  of  water-glass, 
or  silicate  of  soda.  When  using  this  paint,  it 
must  be  stirred  frequently.  Three  coats  are 
generally  enough. 


Mending  Broken  Castings.—  An  ingenious 
method  of  mending  broken  castings  is  thus 
described  :  To  insure  its  success,  it  is  neces- 
sary that  the  parts  to  be  reunited  should  he 
broken  entirely  across,  so  that  the  two  parts 
shall  be  independent.  It  consists  in  heating 
the  two  pieces  together  by  a  stream  of  molten 
cast-iron  until  the  surfaces  of  tho  fracture  and 
the  parts  immediately  adjacent  to  it  commence 
to  melt.  Exactly  at  this  point,  the  flow  of  cast- 
iron  should  be  stopped,  whon  the  softened  sur- 
faces left  behind  will  unite  in  chilling,  and  if 
the  operation  has  been  properly  conducted,  the 
new  seam  will  be  quite  as  strong  as  any  other 
part  of  the  piece.  It  is  obvious,  in  addition  to 
the  precaution  above  named,  that  the  melting 
should  extend  over  the  whole  of  tho  fractured 
surfaces,  and  that  to  prevent  the  actual  running 
down  of  the  pieces,  the  thickness  of  the  casting 
must  not  be  too  small.—  National  Car  Builder. 

Beautiful  Black  Color  for  Bronze. — A 
strong  concentrated  thin  solution  of  nitrate  of 
silver  is  required  for  this  purpose.  It  should 
be  mixed  with  an  equal  solution  of  nitrate  of 
copper,  and  well  shaken  together.  The  pieces 
which  require  coloring  are  dipped  into  this 
solution  and  left  for  a  short  time.  When  taken 
out,  they  should  be  equally  heated  till  the 
required  black  color  makes  its  appearance. — 
Scientific  American. 

To  Preserve  Ice.— To  preserve  small  quanti- 
ties of  ice,  it  is  recommended  to  tie  a  piece  of 
coarse  flannel  on  a  suitably  large  vessel  in  such 
manner  that  the  cloth  forms  a  sack  reaching 
down  inside  the  vessel  about  halfway  to  the 
bottom.  In  this  sack  the  pieces  of  ice  are 
placed  and  well  covered  with  flannel.  It  is 
good  also  to  provide  a  constant  exit  for  the 
water  from  the  bottom  of  the  vessl. 


Qood    irf^THi' 


Good  Health 

The  true  significance  of  "good  health"  is 
comparatively  unknown,  or  at  least  unappreciated 
to  any  but  an  invalid.  To  the  latter  it  is  a 
Utopian  dream,  much  longed  for  and  sighed  for. 
"I  would  give  all  I  am  worth  for  health,"  says 
the  unfortunate;  but,  alas!  when  well,  "two 
bits"  would  be  regarded  as  ahigh consideration. 
The  fact  is,  we  eat  too  much;  if  not  too  much, 
we  eat  in  the  wrong  direction.  We  drink, 
smoke,  work  too  much  without  regard  to  the 
strain  upon  our  nervous  organization.  Neither 
physical  or  mental  labor  shortens  life,  on  the 
contrary  adds  to  life  by  working  off  the  dead 
matter  constantly  cast  aside  iu  the  laboratory 
of  the  system.  But  the  food  supply  must  be 
adequate  and  enough.  Two  men  brought  upon 
the  tapis  of  business,  attempt  to  play  the  game 
of  the  racing  rival  steamers  on  the  Mississippi, 
"win  the  race,  or  burst,"  forgetting  that  either 
to  win,  or  to  burst,  the  supply  of  fuel  must  be 
proportionate  to  the  amount  of  steam  required, 
If  we  would  drug  leas  and  eat  more  judiciously 
selected  food,  we  would  see  less  dyspepsia  and 
other  horrors.  Everybody  has  an  ailing,  and 
everybody  tries  all  the  known  and  some  un- 
known remedies  to  tone  up  with.  The  result  is 
the  stomach  made  to  digest  assimilating  food, 
shrinks  from  the  drug-store  equipments  lodged 
into  it  by  its  merciless  owner,  and  gives  up  the 
ghost.  Look  at  the  drug  stores  on  every  corner, 
read  the  quack  nostrums  and  specifics  advertised 
everywhere,  and  imagine  the  feelings  of  a  good- 
natured  dyspeptic  apparatus  at  the' sight  of  its 
ultimate  fate.  Brillat  Savarin  lays  down  the 
rule,  that  properly  cooked  food  in  sufficient 
quantities;  nay,  large  quantities,  will  drive 
away  dyspepsia.  The  men  who  accomplish  the 
greatest  amount  of  physical  or  mental  labor  are 
the  greatest  eaters,  they  have  to  be,  or  nature 
would  sink.  We  feed  a  horse  in  proportion  to 
the  work  he  has  to  do,  but  starve  our  own  poor 
stomachs,  and  feel  surprised  that  nature  will 
not  respond  to  our  efforts.  We  say  life  is 
short  and  uncertain.  Why,  no!  it  is  not  neces- 
sarily so.     If  we  contemplate  suicide,  of  course 


we  can  tell  to  a  minute,  but  otherwise  we  have 
the  means  of  living  and  certainty  of  life  within 
our  grasp— iu  the  observance  of  common  sense 
rulos  as  regards  our  food  and  improper  prepara- 
tions. A  man  can  be  a  ^cuius  on  a  diet  of  pork 
and  beans,  provided  they  agree  with  him.  and 
that  is  just  what  we  must  all  study:  Learn 
what  things  agree  with  our  stomachs,  what 
climate  best  agrees  with  our  lungs,  what  cloth- 
I  Baits  our  comfort.  Let  everything 
else  go,  and  work  and  oat  to  your  heart's  con- 
tent, leaving  death  to  Him  who  gave   you  life. 

Milk  and  Lime  Water  in  Nervous  Dis- 
orders. 

In  a  paper  on  "Milk  with  Lime  Water  as 
Food  and  Medicine  in  Nervous  Disorders,"  pre- 
sented by  E.  N.  Chapman  to  the  Medical 
Society  of  the  State  of  New  York,  at  its  recent 
annual  meeting,  tho  author  deprecates  the  war- 
fare of  drugs  against  disease  which  is  now  being 
waged  by  specialists  more  vigorously  and  sys- 
tematically than  ever  before.  Digestion  and 
assimilation,  he  asserts,  are  ignored,  and  the  at- 
tention is  absorbed  by  one  or  more  prominent 
symptoms  in  a  part  remote  from  the  primary 
source  of  morbid  action.  Consequently  the  ef- 
forts of  the  physician  to  cure  hi3  patient  are  too 
often  unavailing. 

He  states  that  having  used,  the  last  few 
years,  milk  with  lime  water  almost  exclusively 
as  the  diet  of  his  patients,  he  has  attained  a  suc- 
cess unknown  to  him  when  he  depended  more 
on  medicine  and  less  on  food.  To  illustrate  the 
ready  assimilation,  the  nutritive  quality  and  the 
remedial  power  of  milk,  when  rendered  digest- 
ible by  lime,  he  presented  notes  of  a  number  of 
cases  treated  by  him,  embracing  a  class  involv- 
ing  the  nerve  centers,  and  that  are  acknowl- 
edged to  be  little  under  the  command  of  ac- 
cepted modes  of  treatment;  such,  for  instance, 
as  marasmus,  amemia,  paralysis,  indigestion, 
neuralgia,  chorea,  dementia,  and  alcoholism. 

In  concluding  his  paper,  Dr.  Chapman  re- 
marks that  the  efficacy  of  milk  with  lime  water 
in  the  illustrative  cases  brought  forward  by  him 
is  equally  observable  in  others  whenever,  either 
primarily  or  secondarily,  the  nutritive  functions 
are  much  at  fault.  The  milk  (with  a  pinch  of 
salt}  being  rendered  very  acceptable  to  the 
stomach  by  the  lime,  may  almost  always  with 
advantage  be  made  the  prime  article  of  diet  in 
the  sick  room,  however  diverse  the  conditions. 
It  is  the  most  digestible  and  at  the  same  time 
the  most  nourishing  food  that  can  be  given.  It 
allays  gastric  and  intestinal  irritability,  offers  a 
duly  prepared  chyle  to  the  absorbents,  supplies 
the  blood  with  all  the  elements  of  nutrition,  in- 
stitutes healthful  tissue  changes,  stimulates  the 
secreting  and  excreting  glands,  and,  in  a  word, 
provides  nature  with  the  material  required  to 
sustain  herself  in  her  contest  with  disease.  If 
it  be  conceded  that  nature  always  accomplishes 
the  cure  whenever  it  is  secured,  and  that  drugs 
merely  aid,  direct,  or  modify  her  efforts  to  this 
end,  it  will  be  self-evident  that  the  food  which 
supplies  the  vital  forces  with  all  the  power  of 
resistance  they  possess  is  a  matter  of  the  first 
importance,  and  that  milk  acted  upon  by  lime, 
provided  it  contains  all  the  essential  properties 
of  other  articles  epitomized,  and  is  more  friendly 
than  any  or  all  of  them,  has  a  range  of  applica- 
tion almost  as  extensive  as  the  disease  itself, 
whatever  its  character  and  whoever  the  patient. 


The  Flesh  of  Diseased  Cattle  as  Food. 

Dr.  E.  Decroix,  ex- Veterinary  Surgeon-in- 
Chief  of  the  French  army,  writes  to  the  editor 
of  the  Lancet,  apropos  of  the  plague  which  is 
affecting  the  cattle  of  the  English  army  in 
Afghanistan,  as  follows: 

"Allow  me  to  assert,"  he  says,  "that  the 
flesh  of  animals  affected  with  the  'cattle  plague' 
may  be  eaten  without  fear  and  without  endan- 
gering the  health.  In  support  of  this  assertion, 
I  rely  on  a  large  number  of  observations  that  I 
have  been  collecting  together  for  a  long  time, 
and  especially  on  experiments  that  I  have  made 
myself.  At  Paris,  from  the  23d  of  February  to 
the  8th  of  March,  1871,  after  the  siege,  the 
cattle  plague  existed  among  the  oxen  and  cows 
collected  at  the  abattoir  of  Villete  as  food  for 
the  public.  Many  of  these  animals,  affected 
with  the  disease,  were  slaughtered  for  the  meat 
market,  yet  no  accident  happened  to  the  con- 
sumers. For  my  own  part,  I  went  to  the 
slaughter-house  during  15  or  20  days  for  the 
flesh  of  the  animals  that  had  died  of  the  plague, 
I  ate  this  boiled,  stewed,  roasted  and  in  the 
form  of  soup,  etc.,  during  all  that  time  without 
feeling  the  least  illness  from  it.  Moreover,  I 
several  times  invited  friends,  especially  veter- 
inarians, who  ate  this  meat  with  impunity. 
Desiring  to  carry  my  experiments  still  further, 
I  ate  the  flesh  raw,  in  order  to  remove  the  fears 
of  those  persons,  who  might  have  been  alarmed 
in  learning  that  certain  butchered  animals  had 
been  afflicted  with  the  plague.  The  soldiers  of 
the  army  in  Afghanistan  may  eat,  then,  the 
flesh  of  animals  affected  with  this  disease. 
There  is  no  danger  even  in  eating  meat  of  ani- 
mals that  have  died,  but,  for  certain  reasons,  it 
is  preferable  to  order  the  cattle  slaughtered  at 
the  first  symptoms  of  the  disease.  In  the 
Crimea  we  allowed  ourselves  to  go  hungry, 
while  many  horses  and  sick  beeves  were  lost. 
With  more  experience  at  the  present  time,  I 
urge  our  brothers  in  arms  of  England  to  make 
use  of  the  cattle  affected  with  the  disease  under 
consideration;  they  will  suffer  no  ill  effects 
from  it." 


400 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS 


[June  21,  1879. 


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SAN   FRANCISCO: 
Saturday   Morning,  June  21,  1879. 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 

GENERAL  EDITORIALS.  —  Eaton's  Improved 
Spoke  Tenon  Anger;  Specific  Gravity  of  Minerals;  New 
Gravel  Mining  Pump,  393-  The  Week;  The  Weather 
Bureau  on  the  Pacific  Coast.— No.  2;  The  Many  Forma 
of  California  Mining,  400.  Ancient  Mine  in  Mexico; 
Notes  on  Geysers,  401.  International  Meteorological 
Congress;  Electricity  in  Harness;  New  Double-Acting 
Deep  Well  Pump,  404. 

ILLUSTRATIONS.— Eaton's  Spoke  Tenon  Auger; 
Apparatus  for  Determining  Specific  Gravity  of  Ores, 
393.     Gevsers  of  the  Yellowstone  Park,  401. 

CORRESPONDENCE.— Beet  Sugar  in  California; 
The  Mineral  King  Mines  of  Tulare  County,  394. 

MECHANICAL  PROGRESS.— A  Rapid  Voyage; 
Steel  Wire  Belts;  Bending  Timber;  America's  Fifteen 
Inventions;  New  Buoys;  New  Railroad  Tie;  Delicacy  of 
the  Mint  Scales;  Tide- Water  Pipe  Line;  The  Microphone 
in  Mine  Disasters;  Pneumatic  Tubes,  395- 

SCIENTIPIC  PROGRESS.— Scientific  Incredulity; 
Science  as  a  Detective;  Another  New  Metal;  Hemacite; 
Chloride  of  Magnesia  in  Gaa  Meters;  Vanilla  from 
Oats,  395- 

MINING  STOCK  MARKET.— Sales  at  the  Sau 
Francisco,  California  and  Pacific  Stock  Boards.  Notices 
of  Assessments,  Meetings  and  Dividends,  396-97- 

USEFUL  INFORMATION. —Spontaneous  Com- 
bustion Practically  Considered;  To  Prevent  Mold  in 
Cellars,  Etc  ;  Incombustible  Paint;  A  New  Disinfectant; 
Mending  Broken  Castings;  Beautiful  Black  Color  for 
Bronze;  To  Preserve  Ice,  399. 

GOOD  HEALTH.— Good  Health;  Milk  and  Lime 
Water  in  Nervous  Disorders;  The  Flesh  of  Diseased 
C'lttlc  as  Food    ^Q9 

MISCELLANEOUS.— Public  Libraries;  The  Tellu- 
rideOresof  Gold.—  No.  %  308-9. 

MINING  SUMMARY  from  the  various  counties  of 
California,  Nevada,  Arizona,  Colorado,  Idaho,  Montana, 
New  Mexico  and  U>ah,  397-404. 

NEWS  IN  BRIEF  on  page  404  and  other  pages. 

Business  Announcements. 

Mining  Supplies,  J.  L.  Hull,  S.  F. 
Assessment  Notice—  Numa  Mining  Company. 
Caution  to  Section  Chimney  Builders,  J.  Browell,  S.  F. 
Pioneer  Plating  Works,  John  Morrison.  Proprietor,  S.  F. 


The  Week, 

Accounts  from  every  quarter  show  that  the 
state  of  trade  throughout  the  country  is  in  a 
prosperous  condition.  This  is  shown  particu- 
larly by  Clearing  House  returns.  Only  New 
Haven  and  New  Orleans  show  a  decrease. 
Otherwise  Eastern  cities  and  San  Francisco 
show  considerable  gain,  and  over  the  corre- 
sponding week  of  last  year  again  of  nearly  16%. 
Our  mines  certainly  are  not  giving  oist.  All 
industries  must  become  stationary  at  certain 
periods  of  the  year.  At  the  present  time  the 
mining  interests  on  this  coast  are  awaiting  in 
certain  localities  the  solution  of  the  problem 
attempted  by  the  Sutro  tunnel,  while  other  in- 
terests are  repairing,  replenishing  or  making 
preparations,  so  to  speak,  to  take  a  fresh  hold. 
Eastern  capital  continues  to  flow  in  upon  our 
mining  interests,  and  once  having  commenced, 
it  will  be  difficult  to  stop  or  withdraw  it.  Heavy 
investments  in  Bodie  stocks  by  prominent  New 
York  capitalists  indicate  a  condition  of  the 
mining  share  atmosphere  better  than  anything 
else.  These  capitalists  are  wise  and  not  apt  to 
act  foolishly.  So  we  must  believe  that  our 
future  will  be  prosperous.  We  must  not  for- 
get, however,  that  capital  is  sensitive,  and  so 
let  truthful  accounts  be  returned  of  our  inter- 
ests. It  will  not  do  to  overrate  our  condition, 
for  then  we  would  be  working  against  future 
assured  interests  for  the  sake  of  a  small  tempo- 
rary gain. 

Enormous  Engineering  Undertaking  in 
France. —The  new  French  Minister  of  Public 
Works,  M.  de  Freycinct,  proposes  a  series  of 
engineering  works  which  effectually  puts  into 
the  shade  anything  ever  attempted  on  this  con- 
tinent. Even  the  Isthmus  canal  pales  before 
this  new  project.  So  far  as  the  amount  of  cap- 
ital is  involved,  M.  de  Freycinct  proposes  to  ex- 
pend about  $800,000,000  ou  a  vast  network  of 
State  railways  and  hydraulic  works.  His  plans, 
which  have  almost  all  been  sanctioned,  com- 
prise the  maintenance  of  about  23,500  miles  of 
national  railways,  not  much  more  than  half  of 
which  are  at  present  in  working  order,  and 
5,000  miles  of  which  have  yet  to  be  built,  and 
the  expenditure  of  $150,000,000  on  new  canals 
and  old  systems,  and  about  $50,000,000  on  the 
improvement  and  deepening  of  ports  and  harbors. 


The    Weather  Bureau  on  the  Pacific 
Coast— No.  2. 

In  a  preceding  article  we  remarked  briefly  on 
the  operations  of  the  Signal  Bureau  in  connec- 
tion with  the  visit  of  Kobert  Craig,  made  not 
long  since  to  this  side  of  the  Continent.  This 
subject  of  coast  meteorology  was  in  that  article 
partially  gone  over,  covering  the  directions  of  the 
winds,  movements  of  storm  centers  as  belonging 
to  belts  of  the  globe,  etc.  It  may  here  be  re- 
marked that  the  scientific  generalization  made 
for  the  first  time  in  the  meteorological  history 
of  the  country,  whereby  the  trade-winds  were 
connected  with  the  revolution  of  the  earth  upon 
its  axis,  and  all  other  winds  were  shown  to  be 
but  modified  effects  from  the  same  cause,  was 
the  beginning  of  practical  weather  science,  and 
a  discovery  of  the  highest  interest  to  the  cause 
of  learning  and  of  prime  importance  in  the  prac- 
tical affairs  of  life.  By  the  labors  of  the  weather 
bureaus  which  are  now  established  in  nearly  all 
civilized  countries,  we  are  just  beginning  to 
realize  the  nature  of  the  element  in  which  we 
live,  and  learning  how  to  adapt  ourselves  to  it 
intelligently.  Think  of  the  salmon  in  the  rivers 
as  finding  out  for  the  first  time  the  loca- 
tion of  the  rivers,  or  the  nature  of  the 
currents  in  which  they  move.  How  many  of 
the  haps,  heretofore  all  uncertainty,  and 
charged  to  luck  or  ill  luck,  hamper  agriculture, 
industry  and  trade,  in  their  complicated  affairs, 
which  can  yet  be  brought  within  the  bounds  of 
business  calculation,  through  a  little  more 
knowledge  of  our  atmospheric  element.  Health 
and  pleasure,  the  delights  of  the  season,  and  the 
convenience,  safety  and  economy  of  locomotion 
by  sea,  are  all  largely  dependent  upon  knowledge 
which  the  Signal  Bureau  is  placing  within  the 
reach  of  all. 

Go  west  beyond  the  limits  of  the  Oregon  and 
California  coast  1,000  miles,  and  the  prevailing 
direction  of  the  wind  is  from  west  to  east. 
When  it  reaches  the  coast  its  lower  stratum  is 
deflected  down  the  coast  by  the  trend  of  the 
mountains.  A  sailing  vessel  from  the  Sandwich 
Islands  to  California  runs  due  north  until  it  has 
passed  from  the  tropical  trade-winds  into  the 
temperate  blowing  in  opposite  directions. 

Mention  has  already  been  made  of  the  fact 
that  our  storms  travel  from  west  to  east  with 
the  prevailing  direction  of  the  wind.  It  follows 
that  in  the  tropical  zone  on  the  Pacific  as  on 
the  Atlantic,  storms  rising  to  the  south  of  us 
will  travel  in  the  opposite  direction.  To  the 
grand  curve  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  whence 
storms  are  in  the  habit  of  passing  over  the 
United  States  and  onward  to  Europe,  we  may 
have  a  counterpart  on  the  Pacific.  We  are 
ignorant  of  the  origin  of  the  storms  which  strike 
our  coast.  We  do  not  understand  why  they 
sometimes  strike  in  the  north,  and  at  other  times 
in  the  south.  With  such  problems  as  these  the 
Signal  Bureau  is  grappling  with  flattering  pros- 
pects of  substantial  success.  In  the  absence  of 
telegraphic  communication  from  the  bosom  of 
the  Pacific,  or  beyond,  they  are  making  the  best 
use  of  the  simultaneous  observations  trans- 
mitted by  mail.  When  the  Pacific  cable  is  laid 
to  the  Sandwich  Islands  they  will  be  in  a  posi- 
tion to  tell  us  more  about  the  weather  for  the 
benefit  of  shipping.  The  meager  data  now 
published  bears  no  comparison  to  the  fulness 
and  preciseness  of  that  we  wiU  enjoy  when  a 
sufficient  number  of  stations  have  been  estab- 
lished to  develop  the  system  fairly. 

Exceptional  movements  of  storms  are  often 
brought  about  by  areas  of  high  and  low  barome- 
ter at  the  north  or  south.  A  rain  storm  about 
10  months  ago  took  a  grand  sweep  to  the  south- 
ward through  Arizona,  and  thence  in  a  north- 
easterly direction  along  the  great  lakes,  follow- 
ing the  usual  course  beyond  the  Rocky  moun- 
tains. If  the  deflection  was  caused  by  atmos- 
pheric changes,  it  might  have  been  brought 
about  by  a  high  pressure  due  east  of  the  storm 
center,  thereby  forcing  the  storm  to  move.south- 
eastward  by  way  of  Arizona. 

In  the  latitude  of  Queen  Charlotte  island  on 
the  plateau  of  the  Cordilleras,  the  writer,  in 
September,  1876,  observed  a  great  storm  which 
moved  in  the  normal  direction  at  the  commence- 
ment— from  west  to  east,  after  a  fall  of  nearly 
an  inch  of  the  mercury — but  after  an  hour  or 
two  of  violent  threatening  with  little  rain  it 
turned,  apparently,  upon  itself,  the  clouds  re- 
turned, and  a  terrific  rain  storm  followed,  the 
wind  blowing  westward.  Lieut.  Craig  remarked 
that  this  was  probably  a  storm  vortex  similar 
to  the  cyclones  so  often  described,  the  position 
of  the  observer  being  a  little  distance  from  the 
center.  That  storm  may  have  entered  the 
United.  States  from  the  British  possessions  in 
the  northwestern  corner  of  Minnesota  and  fol- 
lowed the  lakes. 

Sometimes  the  Signal  Bureau  feels  the  com- 
mencement of  a  storm  in  southern  California, 
and  it  comes  up  over  the  center  of  California, 
moving  thence  in  a  northeasterly  direction  near- 
ly to  Montana,  or  even  touching  Montana  be- 
fore it  resumes  a  more  nearly  due  easterly 
course. 

Storm  centers,  it  may  be  observed,  therefore, 
are  at  liberty  to  vary  considerably  from  the 
prevailing  direction  of  the  winds.  This  must 
necessarily  be  the  case  where  the  storm  center 
passes  from  the  tropical  zone  to  the  temperate 
zone  of  regular  or  trade-winds,  the  prevailing 
directions  being  opposite.  In  northwestern 
Alaska  similar  causes  must  bring  about  similar 
results.  In  the  middle  of  the  temperate  zone 
the  movements  of  the  storms  mentioned  as  pass- 
ing from  California  through  Arizona  and  Mon- 
tana are  examples  of  the  influence  of  low  and 


high  pressure  areas,  which  can  be  understood 
by  reference  to  the  published  maps  of  the  Signal 
Bureau.  In  the  Rocky  mountains  storms  are 
observed  to  move  frequently  from  the  north  west 
to  the  southeast.  They  come  from  British  Co- 
lumbia into  Dakota.  Further  east  they  are  seen 
to  enter  the  populous  Western  States  from  Da- 
kota, and  sometimes  from  Minnesota,  sweeping 
down  over  the  United  States  in  the  direction  of 
a  low  pressure  area.  -The  majority  of  the  storms 
in  the  Eastern  States  come  from  the  Rocky 
mountains,  most  of  them  striking  for  the  re- 
gion of  the, great  lakes. 

Some  of  these  storms  originate  locally  in  the 
mountains  or  plains  where  the  conditions  arise. 
Those  of  sufficient  sweep  to  cross  the  continent 
or  the  Rocky  mountains,  come  from  the  Pacific — 
here.  In  regard  to  those  that  come  into  the 
United  States  from  British  America,  the  origin 
cannot  be  made  out  exactly  at  present,  but  the 
supposition  is  that  they  are  developed  in  the 
Rocky  mountains,  unless  they  come  from  the 
Pacific  ocean. 

On  the  othef  side  of  the  Rocky  mountains 
the  typical  storms  form  in  the  neighborhood  of 
the  equator,  and  move  from  southeast  to  north- 
west until  they  come  to  latitude  25  or  30  north, 
when  they  curve  around  to  the  eastward,  de- 
scribing a  parabola. 

In  our  first  article  a  storm  was  depicted  as 
rising  on  the  flanks  of  the  Sierra  Nevada — or 
the  western  rim  of  the  plateau — and  the  clouds 
were  described  as  rising  into  a  colder  stratum, 
causing  deposition  in  the  form  of  rain  or  snow. 
Let  us  follow  it  further  :  As  the  storm  passes 
over  the  plateau,  or  the  Rocky  mountains,  the 
barometric  pressure  is  rather  greater  than  be- 
fore or  after.  This,  at  least,  is  the  case  bo  far 
as  Old  Probabilities  can  tell  by  the  plotted  data 
of  the  weather  charts.  In  other  words,  the 
barometric  readings  vary  there  less  from  the 
mean  than  they  do  on  this  coast  or  to  the  east- 
ward; and  the  rainfall  is  for  that  reason  very 
much  lighter  in  the  Cordillerau  plateau.  It  is  not 
a  desert  merely  because  the  Sierra  Nevada  has 
abstracted  all  the  moisture,  but  because  the 
barometric  pressure  is  uniform,  and  there  is  no 
cause  in  operation  to  induce  the  moisture  in  the 
clouds  to  leave  them. 

The  only  explanation  given  by  Craig  for  the 
dry  summers  of  California  is  that  they  are  due 
to  the  existence  at  that  season  of  Icsb  moisture 
in  the  atmosphere;  and  what  moisture  there 
is,  is  not  condensed  in  the  latitude  of  California 
until  the  clouds  reach  the  mountains,  or  higher 
ground,  where  they  are  forced  into  a  cooler 
stratum  of  air.  It  is  different  in  Mexico;  and 
to  some  extent  also  in  Oregon,  Washington  and 
British  Columbia,  though  the  tendency  toward 
a  dry  spell  in  summer  is  felt  until  we  reach 
Alaska. 

The  change  of  climate  alleged  to  be  taking 
place  in  Oregon  and  in  Washington  Territory, 
east  of  the  Cascades,  is  not  imaginary.  Craig 
thinks  there  is  something  in  it.  A  greal  deal 
has  been  written  upon  the  subject  of  inducing 
dryness  or  lessening  rainfall  by  cutting  away 
the  forests.  But  the  subject  has  been  super- 
ficially treated,  and  conclusions  have  been 
jumped  at  and  crookedly  stated,  though  they 
may  in  the  main  be  correct.  Trees  and  plants 
with  penetrating  roots  and  abundant  shade  have 
the  effect  to  hold  the  moisture  near  the  surface — 
drawing  and  keeping  it  there  after  it  is  once 
there  by  capillary  attraction,  throughout  seasons 
of  drouth  which  would  be  severe  enough  to 
transform  a  dry  country  into  a  desert;  but  few 
plants  could  hold  out  through  it.  A  country 
dotted  or  partially  covered  with  moisture -hold- 
ing vegetation  would  not  only  keep  moist  the 
intervening  spaces  where  there  is  no  forest,  to  a 
degree  by  drawing  the  water  from  the  depths 
to  the  surface  by  sun  power,  but  it  would  supply 
the  atmosphere  with  moisture  by  a  constant 
flow  through  the  leaves,  doing  the  duty  of  a 
thousand  windmills.  In  that  case  the  atmos- 
phere would  also  hold  more  moisture  than  it 
otherwise  could,  and  the  usual  causes  might 
periodically  precipitate  it  in  the  form  of  rain. 
Without  the  intervention  of  life  at  the  surface 
the  earth  becomes  dry,  reverting  to  its  primeval 
condition  before  it  had  anything  upon  it  that 
was  beautiful.  A  crust  is  formed  at  the  sur- 
face, and  through  that  no  moisture  can  escape 
into  the  atmosphere.  Earth  and  sky  are  at 
odds  with  each  other,  being  equally  forbidding. 
It  is  undoubtedly  within  the  reach  of  mankind 
to  take  pieces  of  waste  country  where  the  rain- 
fall is  only  from  two  to  twelve  inches,  and  cause 
the  surface  to  hold  the  moisture  so  that  the 
atmosphere  can  take  it  up  from  the  natural 
reservoirs  under  the  surface.  Doubtless  the 
formations  and  the  proximity  to  mountains 
holding  abundant  moisture  would  have  some- 
thing to  do  with  it. 

So  far,  however,  there  has  not  been  sufficient 
artificial  vegetation  started  in  eastern  Washing- 
ton under  the  provisions  of  the  Timber  Culture 
act  to  bring  about  the  phenomenon  which  is 
to  be  accounted  for.  It  is  only  in  the  southeast- 
ern corner,  within  a  radius  of  20  or  30  miles,  in 
the  Walla  Walla  district,  where  much  has  been 
done  in  the  shape  of  agricultural  improvement 
and  planting,  though  the  area  is  very  rapidly 
increasing. 

As  to  the  fact  of  an  increased  rainfall  having 
taken  place  there  during  the  past  20  years, 
although  it  is  stoutly  and  circumstantially  put 
forward  by  everybody  residing  in  the  district, 
observations  of  rainfall  for  a  decade  at  least 
should  be  taken  before  the  fact  can  be  said  to 
be  fully  established.  It  is  possible  that  a  cycle 
of  greater  rainfall  may  be  again  followed  by  a 
cycle  of  dryness.  The  Signal  Bureau  has  estab- 
lished a  station  at  the  Dalles,  and  will  establish 
others  at  Lewiston   and  Colville,  or  at  Cceur 


d'Alene,  which  will  develop  the  facts  and  fur« 
nish  useful  data  for  the  flourishing  farming 
country  now  in  process  of  development  through 
the  inflowing  of  settlers  and  the  construction  of 
the  Northern  Pacific  railroad. 

We  do  not  know  of  any  other  successful 
means  beyond  that  above  indicated  for  inducing 
artificial  precipitation.  Espy  once  tried. to  get 
an  appropriation  from  Congress  to  make  experi- 
ments by  starting  tremendous  fires.  Another 
experimenter  in  this  direction  wants  to  produce 
rain  by  firing  cannon,  on  the  principle  of  con- 
cussion. There  can  be  no  doubt  that  if  either 
of  these  parties  could  succeed  in  forcing  the 
moisture-holding  stratum  of  atmosphere  up  so 
as  to  lower  the  temperature  by  the  operation 
sufficiently  to  condense  it  into  drops,  the  rain 
ought  to  come,  and  the  experiments  would  be 
successful.  Nor  is  it  beyond  the  bounds  of 
human  possibility  that  such  operations  may  yet 
be  performed  economically. 

The  Many  Forms  of  California  Mining. 

Now  that  the  mines  of  California  are  attract- 
ing increased  attention,  more  especially  in  com- 
munities at  a  distance,  we  are  frequently  ap- 
plied to  by  letter  for  advice  as  to  the  character 
of  our  mineral  deposits,  what  may  seem  to  be 
the  most  eligible  localities  in  the  State  for 
engaging  in  the  business,  the  amount  of  capital 
required  for  its  successful  prosecution,  etc.  In 
replying  to  these  inquiries  it  must  be  premised 
that  only  a  very  general  answer  can  be  given, 
because  of  the  great  extent  and  variety  of  our 
mineral  resources  and  the  lack  of  specific  knowl- 
edge on  our  part  as  to  the  wants,  means  and 
other  circumstances  of  the  individual  or  parties 
applying  for  information.  The  precious  metals 
occur  here  under  such  diversified  forms  and 
conditions  as  render  a  multiplicity  of  methods 
necessary  for  their  successful  mining,  each  of 
these  methods  being  so  unlike  the  other  as  to 
constitute  it  an  essentially  different  branch  of 
the  business. 

Thus  we  have  in  Inyo  and  adjacent  counties 
great  quantities  of  argentiferous  galena  and 
other  silver-bearing  ores  that,  requiring  treat- 
ment by  smelting,  opening  here  an  extended  field 
for  those  having  experience  in  this  mode  of  re- 
duction. Then  we  have  auriferous  quartz  lodes 
carrying  both  free  milling  and  refractory  ores, 
and  which,  reaching  along  our  main  gold  belt 
from  one  end  of  the  State  to  the  other,  present 
grand  opportunities  for  those  having  much  as 
well  as  those  having  but  little  acquaintance 
with  practical  metallurgy,  the  exploitation 
of  the  veins  above  mentioned  calling  for  the 
services  of  men  expert  at  underground  mining. 
The  channels  of  the  buried  rivers  and  the  banks 
of  auriferous  gravel  overlying  them  afford 
material  for  extensive  hydraulic  operations,  the 
former  constituting  also  the  Bites  of  the  drift 
diggings,  now  an  important  branch  of  placer 
mining  in  California.  The  beds  of  the  modern 
rivers  in  the  mining  regions  of  this  State  are 
filled  for  hundreds  of  miles  with  tailings,  much 
of  which  can  be  readily  rewaBhed  and  would 
well  reward  the  operation.  There  are  places 
too  along  these  streams  that  would  pay  well  for 
wing-damming,  with  others  that  could  be  pro- 
fitably worked  through  tunnels  or  by  means  of 
steam  dredgers. 

In  the  sources  enumerated  reposes  mainly  the 
mineral  wealth  of  California,  presenting  to 
mining  investors  a  wide  and  varied  field  from 
which  to  make  choice.  Not  here  as  in  moBt 
other  countries  are  those  proposing  to  become 
interested  in  mining  for  gold  and  silver  con- 
fined to  either  one  of  the  precious  metals,  or  to 
a  single  line  of  the  business.  It  is  possible  for 
them  to  largely  consult  their  individual  fitneBS, 
their  convenience  and  tastes  and  the  extent  of 
their  means  in  embarking  in  this  industry  here, 
which  in  some  of  its  departments  can  be  suc- 
cessfully carried  on  with  very  little  capital. 
On  the  excellence  of  our  climate  and  the  supe- 
rior facilities  enjoyed  here  for  prosecuting  the 
business  of  mining  we  need  not  enlarge,  these 
being  patent  to  all  and'  everywhere  well  under- 
stood." Relying  upon  fresh  intelligence  derived 
through  trustworthy  channels,  we  will  in  our 
next  issue  try  to  indicate  in  a  general  way  some 
of  the  districts  in  this  State  that  seem  to  invite 
the  investment  of  capital,  either  through  new 
discoveries  made  or  the  improved  condition  of 
mines  previously  opened  and  worked,  calling 
attention  aho  to  some  localities  that  offer  in- 
ducements for  rewashing  the  tailings  and  inau- 
gurating drift  operations. 

Deep  Bore. — The  artesian  well  of  Mr.  J.  B. 
Haggin,  located  about  13  miles  northeast  of 
Sacramento  city,  has  been  discontinued  after 
sinking  2, 130  feet  without  any  indications  of 
flowing  water.  In  the  opinion  of  aome  geolo- 
gists the  stratifications  of  the  main  Sacramento 
valley  dip  to  the  east,  and  hence  unfavorable 
for  a  supply  of  artesian  water.  Debris,  coarse 
gravel  and  quartz  sand  were  found  at  and  near 
the  bottom.  The  quartz  sand  was  submitted  by 
us  to  a  careful  examination  for  gold,  hut  not  a 
trace  waB  discovered.  The  indications  are  that 
the  bore  stopped  in  an  ancient  river  bed,  which 
perhaps  may  be  regarded  as  a  fact,  for  about  100 
feet  from  the  sand  deposit,  the  borer  passed 
through  an  oak  tree,  which  was  in  a  perfect 
state  of  preservation.  Between  the  oak  tree 
and  the  aand  a  stratum  of  hydrogen  gas  was 
tapped.  The  gas  burned  with  a  blue  flame.  A 
singular  circumstance,  as  hydrogen  gas  is  rarely 
found  in  Buch  localities.  This  well  is  on  the 
Norris  grant,  and  its  progress  has  been  noted 
from  time  to  time  in  the  Press. 


June  31,  1879.J 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


401 


Ancient  Mine  in  Mexico. 

Recent  Discovery  fn  Sinaloa. 
We  translate  from  El  Mmem  M'irano  an 
account  of  an  important  discovery.  It  appears 
that  in  the  year  IS30,  Justo  Contreras,  an  old 
man,  over  seventy  years  of  age,  announced  his 
discovery  of  a  rich  treasure,  without  mention- 
ing in  what  it  consisted.  The  discovery  was 
made  somewhere  near  Poiut  Huagino,  in  the 
mineral  district  of  Coaala,  State  of  Binaloa, 
what  is  now  known  as  "San  .Miguel  de  Hua- 
gino."  Don  Francisco  Alvarez  and  J.  M. 
Chavez,  to  whom  the  information  was  given  by 
Contreras,  accompanied  the  latter  to  the  local- 
ity of  the  supposed  treasure,  hut  as  considera- 
ble time  had  elapsed  all  traces  were 
lost,  or  Contreras,  in  his  senility,  had 
forgotten  them.  He  was  accordingly 
disbelieved,  but  he  insisted  and  made 
known  his  discovery  to  others,  who 
were  likewise  disappointed  in  their 
search.     So  the  matter  dropped. 

Forty -eight  years  afterwards  the 
matter  was  again  called  to  the  atten- 
tion of  the  same  parties  by  a  cattle 
herder,  who  accidentally  found  a  rich 
piece  of  ore  containing  gold  and  silver, 
in  a  ravine  about  three-fourths  of  a 
league  southeast  from  Point  Huagino. 
While  looking  for  loBt  cattle,  he  no- 
ticed the  glittering  stone,  and  picking 
it  up  lie  brought  it  to  Senor  Chavez. 
Having  located  the  place,  Senor  Cha- 
vez, accompanied  by  Don  Quirino  Na- 
varro, found  the  ancient  Itancho  "  Bra- 
Btl,"  L-ear  the  same  place  where  Con- 
treraa had  declared  his  find,  but  in 
an  opposite  direction.  The  ravine  of 
the  drover  was  easily  found  from  this 
point,  and  after  passing  a  cattle  trough, 
and  directing  their  steps  up  the  ravine 
towards  the  brow  of  the  hill  they  dis- 
covered the  terrace  of  the  ancient  San 
Miguel  mine.  The  vein  of  the  mine 
was  also  found,  which  was  ascertained 
to  run  north  and  south.  The  ore 
found  by  the  drover  had  apparently 
rolled  down  from  the  terrace  into  the 
ravine  where  it  was  found.  This  ter- 
race, or  plateau,  is  an  artificial  plane, 
with  an  incline  of  u'0°  and  more  than 
200  yards  in  width  and  length,  re- 
of  the  mine,  which  could  not  be  traced  from  the 
ravine  below.  Upon  the  plateau  evidences  of 
tire  abound,  and  the  particles  of  gold  and  silver 
scattered  over  the  surface  of  the  ground,  mixed 
with  the  coarse  gravel  which  served  as  a  matrix, 
and  other  evidences,  afford  indications  of  a  rich 
deposit  which  a  practical  miner  would  under- 
stand and  rarely  mistake. 

After  careful  inspection  it  was  found  that  the 
ancient  mine,  though  buried  in  debris,  remained 
as  it  was  left  by  the  ancient  miners.  Several 
excavations  or  shallow  shafts  were  found,  all 
containing  gold  and  silver  gravel,  which  an  ex- 
pert pronounced  rich  in  gold,  even  the  low 
grade  ore: 

There  are  numerous  traditions  concerning 
this  ancient  mine,  and  so  faint  are  the  traces  of 
the  ancient  mines  that  comparatively  nothing 
will  ever  be  known,  uuless  the  mine  itself 
should  contain  further  evidences.  It  appears 
from  this  tradition  that  probably  200  years  ago 
a  rich  mine  was  once  worked  on  a  hill  opposite 
Point  Huagino  and  southeast  therefrom.  This 
hill  was  unknown  as  to  location  and  had  no 
name.  It  was  eagerly  Bought  by  treasure  hunt- 
ers who  had  learned  that  the  mine  proper  had 
been  concealed  by  timber,  but  no  trace  of  its 
entrance  was  ever  ascertained. 

All  the  old  people  of  the  Huagino  were  unan- 
imous in  the  belief  of  the  existence  of  the  mine, 
and  the  tradition  had  come  down  from  father  to 
son  for  an  unknown  period  of  time.  Santiago 
Labrado,  an  old  man  118  years  of  age,  had 
heard  his  father  say  that  his  grandfather  had 
spoken  of  this  mine.  Herders,  in  hunting  their 
cattle,  had  found  traces  of  refining  ovens  on  the 
Huagiuo  Hancho  in  localities  where  tradition 
had  fixed  the  residence  of  ancient  owners  of  the 
mine.  Quirino  Navarro  says  that  when  he 
built  his  house  he  got  the  foundation  stones 
from  an  ancient  "  casa  grande,"  and  that  the 
Btones  contained  evidences  of  gold  and  silver. 
These  stones  still  exist.  Many  metallic  instru- 
ments have  been  disinterred,  from  time  to  time, 
near  this  "casa  grande,"  but  have  been  un- 
fortunately lost  or  destroyed  by  those  who  found 
them,  not  even  the  oldest  inhabitant  knowing 
their  use.  A  large  quantity  of  lime,  debris  or 
amalgam,  similar  to  that  taken  from  the  Alca- 
parrosa  mine,  has  been  found  near  these  old  re- 
fining ovens,  and  judging  from  their  weight 
they  are  heavily  charged  with  lead.  It  is  said 
there  was  a  mill,  and,  indeed,  large  stones,  bur- 
red like  mill  Btones,  still  exist. 

Considerable  labor  is  being  expended  to  clean 
up  the  plateau,  in  order  to  uncover  the  entrance 
to  the  mine.  The  debris  is  so  rich,  however, 
and  paying  that  the'work  is  delayed  by  extract- 
ing the  gold  and  silver.  The  quantity  of  de- 
bris is  immense,  and  extends  over  the  plateau 
and  partially  tills  the  ravine.  It  is  determined, 
however,  to  proceed  with  the  work  so  as  to  un- 
cover the  timber-hidden  entrance  to  the  mine. 
That  such  a  mine  exists,  and  that  it  contains  a 
vast  treasure,  there  seems  to  be  very  little 
doubt.  It  appears  that  years  ago  a  sudden 
plague  broke  out  in  this  region  which  was  so 
sadly  destructive  that  the  inhabitants  had  no 
other  thought  than  to  conceal  their  treasures 
and  fly  for  their  lives.  From  Sinaloa  and  So- 
nora  the  locality  of  Huagino  was  the  most  suita- 


ble, Guadalajara  and  Durango  being  too  far  dis- 
tant, and  the  highroads  furthermore  thronged 
with  thieves.  So  it  is  extremely  probable  that 
all  the  treasures  were  deposited  here  ;  in  fact 
remains  of  a  highroad  from  Sinaloa  and  Sonora 
to  this  point  exist  at  the  preseut  day.  The 
panic-stricken  people  either  died,  or,  becoming 
unable  to  return,  their  treasures  remained  un- 
known except  to  tradition.  It  was  the  panic 
which  happened  in  1834.  When  the  cholera 
first  made  its  appearance  in  Sinaloa  that  re- 
vive! the  tradition  concerning  Huagiuo.  The 
recent  panic  having  had  the  same  effect  as  the 
ancient  one,  viz :  the  desire  of  the  inhabitants 
to  Becrete  their  valuables  in  some  common  lo- 
cality and  tly  for  their  lives  from  the  dread  dis- 
ease. It  is  certain,  at  all  events,  that  at  some 
ancient  period  there  was   a   sudden  and  violent 


Notes  on  Geysers. 

Intimately  connected  with  volcanic  phenom- 
ena and  in  fact  forming  subordinate  volcanic 
pheuomena,  geysers  command  the  attention  and 
study  of  the  scientist,  as  well  as  excite  the  won- 
der of  the  ordinary  beholder.  Caused  for  some 
important  purpose  in  the  economy  of  nature,  wc 
should  say  veut  holes  for  the  relief  of  over-bur- 
dened mother  earth,  the  true  geyser  should  not 
be  mistaken  for  the  fumaroles,  the  so-called 
geyBers  of  California.  The  true  geyser  is  found 
only  in  Iceland,  in  the  Yellowstone  Park  of  the 
United  States  and  in  New  Zealand.  Iceland  is 
an  essentially  volcanic  plateau,  elevated  about 


ORNAMENTAL     CHARACTER 


BORDER. 


Might  of  the  people,  and  in  the  direction  of 
Huagino.  In  the  archives  of  Conitaca  there  are 
now  documents  wnich  declare  the  fact  of  the 
existence  of  this  mine  and  that  it  was  aban- 
doned by  reason  of  the  appearance  of  a  desola- 
ting plague,  and  that  the  miners,  before  aban- 
doning their  works,  carefully  concealed  the  en- 
trance to  the  mine,  leaving  their  furnaces, 
ovens,  etc.,  as  the  least  valuable.  Not  far  from 
the  locality  of  the  mine  there  is  a  large  plateau, 
or  mesa,  covered  with  cat-tail,  among  which 
numerous  pieces  of  ancient  pottery  have  been 
found  in  such  situations  as  would  indicate  an 
encampment  of    a   great  multitude.     The  fact 


2,000  feefabove  the  sea  level,  with  only  a  nar- 
row marginal  habitable  region  sloping  gently  to 
the  sea.  Upon  this  elevated  plateau  exists 
every  sort  of  volcanic  action,  viz. :  lava  erup- 
tions, solfataras,  mud  volcanoes,  hot  springs 
and  geysers.  These  last  exist  in  great  numbers; 
more  than  100  are  found  in  a  circle  of  two  miles 
diameter.  One  of  these,  the  Great  Geyser,  is 
well  known  to  our  readers. 

In  magnificence  of  geyser  displays,  Iceland  is 
far  surpassed  by  the  geyser  basin  of  Fire-Hole 
river,  in  the  Yellowstone  region.  This  basin  is 
only  about  three  miles  wide.  Around  it  are 
abundant  evidences  of  prodigious  volcanic  aetiv- 


that  the  ancient  miners  took  such   precautions  '  ity  in   former  times,    and   secondary   volcanic 


;  li 


Pi?.    3. 


w 


w 


GEYSER    THEORIES    ILLUSTRATED. 


to  conceal  all  traces  of  the  mine,  thus  indicating 
that  to  be  the  principal  object  of  their  solici- 
tude, points  indubitably  to  the  existence  of  a 
vast  treasure  within  the  mine.  The  veins  so 
far  are  quartz  and  true  fissure  veins. 

As   soon  as   further  developments  are  made 
they  will  be  imparted  to  the  public. 


A  terrific  bail  storm,  six  miles  wide,  passed 
from  west  to  east  near  Germantown,  Columbia 
county,  N.  Y.  The  hail-stones  were  as  large  as 
hickory  nuts,  and  panes  of  glass  were  broken  in 
every  farm  house.  Poultry  was  killed,  fruit  of 
every  kind  destroyed,  trees  uprooted,  fences 
blown  down,  and  near  Clermont  one  or  two 
houses  were  unroofed, 


phenomena  are  developed  at  the  present  day  on 
a  stupendous  scale,  and  of  every  variety.  More 
than  10,000  vents  of  all  kinds  are  found  in  this 
vicinity.  On  Gardiner's  river,  the  hot  springs 
are  mostly  lime  depositing;  on  Fire-Hole  river 
the  geysers  deposit  silica,  containing  an  enor- 
mous quantity  of  diatom receous  formations, 
some  of  them  of  a  marine  species  mixed  with  all 
the  varieties  usually  common  to  fresh  water. 

The  geysers  are  generally  surrounded  by  hive- 
like elevations,  ornamented  in  some  cases  in  the 
most  exquisite  manner  by  a  snowy  deposit  from 
the  hot  geyser  waters,  in  the  form  of  scalloped 
embroidery  set  with  pearly  tubercles.  The 
illustration  in  Fig.  1  will  buow  the  appearance 
of  these  Burrounding  deposits. 

In  some  places  the  silica  is  deposited  in  large 


quantities,  three  or  four  inches  deep,  in  a  cela- 
tinous  condition  like  starch  paste.  Trunks  and 
branchea  of  trees  immersed  in  these  waters  are 
speedily  petrified.  The  water  of  geysers  is 
simple  spring  water,  and  they  are  true  springs 
aud  not  volcanoes.  Mackenzie  supposes  that 
the  eruptions  are  caused  by  the  condensed  steam 
of  heated  water  seeking  a  veut  and  forcing  the 
water  up  through  the  geyser  pipe,  as  in  Pig.  2; 
a  shows  the  opening  into  the  geyBer;  b,  the 
chamber  in  which  the  steam  condenses.  As  the 
steam  accumulates  it  forces  the  column,  c,  up 
through  the  opening  or  vent  at  </,  with  greater 
or  less  force,  according  as  the  supply  of  strain 
is  greater  or  less,  aud  then  when  the  steam  has 
eaoaped,  the  geyser  returns  to  its  quiescent 
state  until  another  accumulation  occurs.  This 
theory,  however,  seems  to  be  untenable  on  the 
ground  that  it  is  inconceivable  that  all 
of  the  many  thousands  of  geysers  should 
have  a  separate  cone  and  conduits  so 
peculiarly  constructed.  According  to 
Buasen,  the  geyser  doeB  not  possess  a 
cave  or  even  a  perpendicular  tube, 
ready  made,  but,  like  volcanoes,  makes 
1'  1  <>v.  n  tube. 

Fig.  3  is  an  imaginary  section  of  a 
geyser  mound,  showing  the  manner  in 
which,  according  to  Buuseu's  view,  it 
is  found. 

The  irregular  line,  b,  a,  c,  is  the  origi- 
nal surface,  and  a  the  position  of  a  hot 
spring.  If  the  spring  be  not  alkaline, 
it  will  remain  an  ordinary  hot  spring; 
but  if  it  be  alkaline,  it  will  hold  silica 
in  solution,  and  it  will  be  deposited 
about  the  spring.  Thus  the  mound 
aud  tube  are  gradually  built  up.  For 
a  long  time  the  spring  will  be  boiling, 
but  not  eruptive.  But  as  the  tube  be- 
comes longer,  aud  the  circulation  more 
and  more  impeded,  the  difference  in 
temperature  between  the  upper  and 
lower  parts  of  the  tube  becomes  greater 
and  greater,  until  finally  the  boiling 
point  is  reached  below,  while  the  water 
above  is  comparatively  cool.  Then  the 
eruption  commences,  and  cease  upon 
the  withdrawal  of  the  cause. 

Now,  we  suppose  the  geyser  to  have 
a  simple  but  irregular  tube,  without  a 
curve  heated  below  by  volcanic  fires, 
or  by  still  hot  volcanic  ejections.  Now, 
the  temperature  of  the  water  in  the  tube 
increases  rapidly  with  the  depth,  but 
is,  at  every  depth  to  which  observation  extends, 
short  of  the  boiling  poiut  for  that  depth.  Let 
absciss  a  d  represent  depth  in  the  tube  and  also 
pressures,  and  the  corresponding  temperature 
be  measured  on  the  ordinate  a  n.  If,  then,  a  b, 
be,  c  d,  represent  33  feet  depth,  or  one  atmos- 
pheric pressure,  the  curve  e  f,  passing  through 
210°,  250°,  275°,  and  293°,  would  correctly  rep- 
resent the  increasing  boiling  points  as  we  paBs 
downward.  This  curve  may  be  called  the  curve 
of  boiling  point.  The  line,  a  g,  commencing  at 
the  surface  at  180*  and  gradually  approaching 
the  boiling  point  line,  would  represent  quies- 
cence. Now,  at  the  moment  of  eruption,  at 
some  point  below  the  reach  of  observation,  the 
line  a  g  actually  touches  the  line  e  /—that  is, 
the  boiling  point  for  that  depth  is  actually 
reached.  As  soon  as  this  occurs,  water  in  the 
lower  portion  of  the  tube  would  be  changed  to 
steam,  aud  its  expansion  would  lift  the  whole 
column  of  water  in  the  tube,  and  cause  it  to 
bulge  and  overflow  the  basin.  As  soon  as  the 
water  overflowed,  the  pressure  would  be  dimin- 
ished in  every  part  of  the  tube;  and  a  large 
quantity  of  water  before  very  near  the  boiling 


8  Atroos. 
CG.U  It. 


100  ft  jig 


1 

/ 

/  /(\ 
/    A 
/  / 

i\ 

/                                  * 

i 

2 

point  would  flash  into  steam  and  instantly  eject 
the  whole  of  the  water  remaining  in  the  pipe. 
The  steam  itself  would  rush  out  immediately 
afterward. 

The  premonitory  cannonading  beneath  is  pro- 
duced by  the  collapse  of  large  steam  bubbles 
rising  through  the  cooler  water  of  the  upper 
port  of  the  tube;  in  other  words,  it  is  simmering 
on  a  large  scale.  An  eruption  is  more  quickly 
brought  on  by  throwing  stones  into  the  throat 
of  the  geyser,  because  the  circulation  is  thus 
more  effectually  impeded. 

Fig.  4  will  illustrate  this  theory.  The  appa- 
ratus is  an  artificial  geyser,  and  consistB  of  a 
tube  of  tinned  sheet-iron,  about  ten  feet  long, 
expanded  into  a  dish  above  for  catching  the 
erupted  water.  It  is  heated  also,  a  little  below 
the  middle,  by  an  encircling  charcoal  chauffer, 
to  represent  the  point  of  nearest  approach  to 
the  boiling  point  in  the  geyser  tube.  When 
this  apparatus  is  heated  at  the  two  points,  as 
shown  in  the  figure,  the  phenomena  of  geyser 
eruption  are  completely  reproduced;  firBt,  the 
violent  explosive  simmering,  then  the  overflow, 
then  the  eruption,  and  then  the  state  of-  quies« 
cence. 


402 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[June  21,  1879. 


HOTICB 

TO    THE 

MINING  PUBLIC. 


MESSRS.  RANKIN,  BRAYTON  &  CO.,  of 
the  Pacific  Iron  Works,  are  the  only  parties 
authorized  to  manufacture  HOWELL'S  IM- 
PROVED WHITE  FURNACE  under  the 
License  of  this  Company. 

THE  STETEFELDT  FURNACE  CO., 

By  C.  A.  STETEFELDT,  President. 

Referring:  to  the  above,  the  undersigned  would  call  at- 
tention to  the  fact  that  by  a  compromise  recently  effected 
with  the  STETEFELDT  FURNACE  COMPANY,  they 
have  secured  the  use  of  all  the  patents  of  said  Company 
applying  to 

Eevolving  Cylinder  Furnaces, 

And  are  thus  enabled  to  give  purchasers  the  license  of 

all  patent  claimants,  to-wit: 

WHITE,    HOWELL,   THOMPSON, 

—  AND     TIIK  — 

Stetefeldt  Furnace  Company, 

Thereby  avoiding  all  further  litigation  in  reference  to 
theBe  rival  claims.    The  great 

SUPERIORITY  OF  THE  FURNACES 

Embracing  these  patents  has  been  satisfactorily  demon- 
strated. There  are  now  some  thirty  of  them  in  operation 
in  the  various  mining  districts  of  the  coast,  operating  in 
all  cases  with  economy  and  satisfaction,  working  in  many 
localities 

THE  BASEST  AND  MOST  REFRACTORY  ORES  UP 
TO  90  AND  95  PER  CENT. 

By  an  improvement — the  patent  for  which  has  recently 
been  allowed— this  Furnace  can  be  readily  adjusted  so  as 
to  work  with  equal  facility  and  effectiveness  all  classes  of 
ores. 

Tfie  following  are  some  of  the  Mining  Companies  who 
have  recently  adopted  this  Furnace,  the  most  of  which  are 
now  in  successful  operation,  many  of  them  running  two 
and  some  three  and  four  Furnaces. 

NEVADA.— Grand  Prize,  Star,  Martin  White,  High- 
bridge,  Columbia,  Alexander,  Paradise  Valley,  Jefferson, 
Leopard,  Eagle,  Endowment,  Independence. 

ARIZONA.  —Tiptop,  Tiger,  Peck,  Hackberry,  Corbin, 
Tombstone,  Bradshaw. 

OREGON— Monumental. 

MONTANA— Alice  Mine,  Butte  City. 

MEXICO— Trinidad,  Harmiguera,  Plomoses. 

PERU— Cerro  de  Dasco. 


IN,  BRAYTON  &  CO., 

Pacific    Iron    Works. 


CAUTION.— All  persons  are  hereby  cautioned  against 
buying  from  other  parties  Furnaces  embracing  the 
improvements  covered  by  the  patents  above  mentioned, 
as  they  will  be  vigorously  prosecuted  and  involved  in 
heavy  damages. 


WASHING!  WASHING! 


Prices  Reduced!  Prices  Reduced! 


La  Grande  Laundry, 

13th  Street,  Between  Folsom  and  Howard. 
PRINCIPAL  OFFICE, 

648  Market  Street,   S.  F. 

Office  open  from  7  A.  m.  to  9  P.  m.  Saturdays  to  11  p.  m. 
Washing  called  for  and  delivered  to  any  part  of  the  city 
free  of  charge. 

All  orders  receive  prompt  attention.  For  circular  and 
rice  List  apply  at  the  Office, 

648  Market  St.,  San  Francisco.  . 


Send 


ARTESIAN 

AND 

SURFACE 

Well-Boring 

TOOLS. 

Manufactured  by  the 

Rust  Well  Auger 

COMPANY, 
OF    MACON,    MO. 

AUGERS  and  DRILLS  from  best  wrought 
iron  and  steel.  Shafting  is  2-inch  gas  pipe. 
Couplings  are  round  plugs  fitted  inside  the 
pipe.  Drills  fitted  for  rope  or  pole.  All 
tools  warranted,  and  sold  for  less  money 
than  can  be  got  elsewhere, 
for  Circular.  O.    RUST,  Macon,  Mo 


O.  C.  Bitner's  Apparatus  for  Obtaining-  Met- 
allic Copper  from  its  Solutions. 

Patented  March  ISth,  1879.  Will  precipitate  with  steam  in 
three  hours,  requiring  no  machinery  to  run  it.  Cost  of  con- 
structing apparatus,  S75.  The  old  cylinder  process  takes 
four  hours  to  precipitate  aud  costs  frmn  §1,200  to  §1,500  to 
construct,  besides  the  machinery  to  run  it,  For  right  to  use 
my  Precipitator  address  O.  0.  BITNER,  Sponceville,  Ne- 
vada County,  California, 


RUSSELL'S  AMALGAMATOR. 


Patented  June  25 ch,   1878. 


SAVE    YOTTIR,    GrOHLID 
And    Also    SAVE    YOUR    QUICKSILVER. 

The  above  Washer  and  Amalgamator  with  new  patent  Wire  Bridge  Quicksilver  Boxes  attached,  can  he  worked 
wet  or  dry,  either  by  hand,  steam,  horse  or  water  power,  and  is  easily  taken  apart  and  packed.  For  washing  Pulp, 
Earth,  Gravel,  Mill  Tailings  or  Black  Sand,  it  is  without  a  rival. 

Has  been  Thoroughly  Tested  and  given  Complete  Satisfaction. 

The  entire  Liuing,  Hanging  Plates,  Riffles  and  Boxes  Amalgamated 

IS    GUARANTEED    TO  SAVE    THE    FINEST    OR     FLOAT    GOLD. 

Capacity,  30  to  60  tons  per  day,  according  to  size.    For  further  particulars  apply  to 

J.  MORIZIO,  Gen'l  Agt., 

Room  24,  Safe  Deposit  Building,  Corner  Montgomery  and  California  Streets,   SAN  FRANCISCO. 


In  consequence  of  spurious  imitations  of 

LEA    AND     PERRINS'    SAUCE, 

which  are  calculated  to  deceive  the  Public,  Lea  and  Perrins 
have  adopted \  A  NE  W  LABEL,  bearing  their  Signature, 


thus. 


o£e.ast)&£r. 


which  is  placed  on  every  bottle  of  WORCESTERSHIRE 
SA  UCE,  and  without  which  none  is  genuine. 

Ash  for  LEA  &  PERRINS'  Sauce,  and  see  Name  on  Wrapper,  Label,  Bottle  and  Stopper. 
Wholesale  and  for  Export  by  the  Proprietors,  Worcester;  Crosse  and  Blackwell,  London^ 
drv.,  £fc. ;  and  by  Grocers  and  Oilmen  throit  -hout  the  World. 

To  be  obtained  of  CROSS  &  CO..  San  Francisco. 


STEVENOT'S 

Fine  Gold  Amalgamator. 

Adapted  for  Ores,  Tailings,  Slimes,  Etc. 

TJnequaled  for  Cheapness,  Lightness  and 
Practical  Results. 


No  mechanism  required  to  run  it.  Worked  entirely  by 
pressure  of  water  throwing  the  ore  forcibly  on  to  and 
through  a  body  of  mercury. 

E.  K.  STEVENOT, 

Chemist  and  Mining  Engineer, 

304  Montgomery  St.,  San  Francisco. 

REPORTS  MADE  ON  MINES.  Quartz  Mills,  and 
Works  of  every  description  started. 


Diamond    Drill    Co. 

The  undersigned,  owners  of  LESCHOT'S  PATENT 
for  DIAMOND  POINTED  DRILLS,  now  brought  to  the 
highest  state  of  perfection,  are  prepared  to  fill  orders 
for  the  IMPROVED  PROSPECTING  AND  TUNNELING 
DRILLS,  with  or  without  power,  at  short  notice,  and 
at  reduced  prices.  Abundant  testimony  furnished  of 
the  great  economy  and  successful  working  of  numerous 
machines  in  operation-  in  the  quartz  and  gravel  mines 
on  this  coast.  Circulars  forwarded,  and  full  infor- 
mation given  upon  application. 

A.  J.  SEVERANCE  &  CO. 
Office,  No.  320  Sansome  street.  Room  10. 

PETERSON  &  0LSS0N, 

MODEL    MAKEES. 


INVENTORS 

Will  find  it  to  their  advantage  to  call  on  us  at  328  BUSH 
STREET,  bet.  Montgomery  and  Kearny,  (up-stairs,)  S.  F 


J.  S.  PHILLIPS,  m.  e., 

Consulting  Engineer  §  Metallurgist, 
Examiner  of  Mines  and  Assayer, 

702    CALIFORNIA     STREET, 
Attthor  of—  ■  »  m  .  -  San  Francisco. 

The  Explorers',  Miners' and  Metallurgists'  Companion, 

672  pages,  83  Illustrations,  (2d  Edition.)    Price §  10  50 

The  Prospector's  "  Wee  Pet "  Assayer,  (Patented) 100  00 

The  Testing  Machine  for  Gold,  Silver,  Lead,  etc 40  00 

The  "Little  Wonder"  Self-calculating  Sample  and 

Button  Weigher,  (Patented) 25  00 

Elow-pipists'  Pocket  Laboratory  of  Tools,  Fluxes,  etc.    50  00 

Vest  Pocket  Blowpipe 3  00 

CHARGES— Ass  A  VINO,  §3;  Testing,  §2  per  metal. 

Assaying  and  Testing  Taught. 


WANTED-$10,000. 

For  $10,000  cash  in  hand  I  will  give  a  one-half  interest 
in  the  BLUE  JAY  and  ELEPHANT  QUARTZ  mines, 
situated  in  the  French  Creek  Mining  District,  Siskiyou 
County,  Cal.  And  I  will  take  or  give  a  lease  on  said 
mines,  and  pay  or  receive  eight  per  cent,  on  the  amount 
invested.  For  further  particulars  apply  to  H.  C.  Cory, 
Etna  Mills,  Siskiyou  County,  California. 


R  PALACE  T 
ESTAURANl  Adllil'Kl 


This  elegant  and  spa 
cions  S.  F.  Restaurant 
has  been  re-opened  with 
superior  bill  of  fare  dai- 


21S  Sansome  St. 


ly,  and  is  now  the  best 
and  most  popular  dining 
__  _    Bajoon  on    (jm-8   Coast. 

[Lunch  ready  at  10  a.  m.]  Resident  business  men  and  visi- 
tors from  abroad  will  he  wise  In  giving  this  place  an  early 
sail.    Examine        of  fare  and  prices. 

HERMAN  H.  HORST,  Prop'r. 


PACIFIC    POWER    CO. 

Room  with  steam  power  to  let  in  the 
Pacific  Power  Co.'s  new  brick  building, 
Stevenson  street,  near  Market.  Eleva- 
tor in  building.  'Apply  at  the  Com- 
pany's office,  314  California  street. 


A  RARE  BUSINESS  CHANCE. 

$250  will  buy  the  Right  for  the  whole  Pacific  Territo- 
ries for  the  BUCKEYE  CLOTHES-LINE  FASTENER 
(just  patented.)    Large  profits  to  manufacturer. 

Address    JOHN  A.  WORLET,  Cleveland,  O 


AN    ENGINEER, 

Favorably  known  in  the  East,  desirous  of  settling  In  Califor- 
nia, seeks  position  as  Superintendent  or  Chief  Draughtsman. 
Competent  to  design  Stationary.  Marine.  Locomotive,  Mill 
Work,  Sugar  and  Hydraulic  Machinery.  Speaks  Spanish, 
Unexceptional  references.    AddreBs  EXPERT,  this  office. 


Wm  bpctory. 


WM.    BARTLING.  HENRY  KIMBALL 

BARTLING    &    KIMBALL, 
BOOKBINDERS, 

Paper  Rulers  &  Blank  Book  Manufacturers. 
505  Clay  Street,(southwest  corner  Sansome), 

SAN  FRANCISCO. 


San  Francisco  Cordage  Company. 

Established    1856. 

We  have  just  added  a  large  amount  of  new  machinery  of 
the  latest  and  most  improved  kind,  and  are  again  prepared 
to  fill  orders  for  Rope  of  any  special  lengths  and  sizes.  Con- 
stantly on  hand  a  large  stock  of  Manila  Kope,  all  sizes: 
Tarred  Manila  Kope;  Hay  Kope;  Whale  Line,  etc  ,  etc 
TUBBS  &  CO., 
611  and  613  Front  Street,  San  Francisco 


JOHN    A.    CHURCH, 
MINING    ENGINEER, 

COLUMBUS,  OHIO. 

C.    L.   GILLER, 
SEAL    ENGRAVER    AND    DIE    SINKER, 

No.  430  MONTGOMERY  STREET,  S.  P. 

The  best  Work  done  on  the  most  reasonable  terms  on 
the  CoaBt. 


Barlow  J. Smith,  M.  D. 

Consulting    Physician, 

Professor  of  Phrenology  and 
Mental  Hygiene. 

Proprietor  of  the  Smithsonian  Medical  and  Phrenological 
Institute,  635  California  Street,  above  Kearny. 

This  Institute,  by  combining  medical  hygiene  with  the 
various  Water  Cure  treatments  and  the  most  powerful  Elec- 
trized Horseshoe  Magnet  in  the  world,  claims  to  cure  speed- 
ily and  permanently  all  forms  of  acute  or  chronic  nervo- 
vital  derangements,  Brain,  Spinal  and  Heart  diseases,  St. 
Vitus  Dance,  P-tlsy,  EpilepBy  and  all  Rheumatic,  Liver  and 
Kidney  troubles.  The  institution  has  for  the  past  20  years 
made  a  specialty  of  treating  all  forms  of  weaknesses  and  dis- 
eases peculiar  t.  males  and  females.  By  the  use  of  hygienic 
remedies  and  electro-motorpathy  the  worst  forms  of  impo- 
tency  and  seminal  weakness  in  males  and  steriUty  in  fe- 
males are  speedily  and  permanently  overcome.  Hygienic 
board,  with  or  without  rooms.  Terms  moderate.  Electro- 
thermal. Russo-Turkish  and  Medicated  Baths    given  daily. 

Mrs.  Dr.  Smith  as  Matron  has  charge  of  the  female  bath- 
ing department. 

Dr.  Smith  has  practiced  Phrenology  the  past  30  years, 
and  during  the  last  20  vears  has  been  constantly  using  the 
science  connected  with  Physiognomy,  in  examining  or  diag- 
nosing disease  in  this  city,  and  clainiB  to  have  made  discov- 
eries in  the  Science  of  Phrenology  that  enables  him,  by  an 
examination  of  the  head,  even  blindfolded,  to  determine  the 
disease  to  which  the  person  is  constitutionally  subject,  or 
whether  the  disease  at  the  time  afflicting  the  person,  is  the 
result  of  accident  or  hereditary  weakness  ;  whether  Con- 
sumptive, Dyspeptic,  Rheumatic,  Apoplectic,  Neu- 
ralgic, LEUcoRRn<EAL,or  Seminal.  Especially  does  the 
form  of  the  head  indicate  the  strength  of  the  uterine,  geni- 
tal or  reproductive  system.  The  head  is  also  an  index  of  the 
natural  strength  of  the  lungs,  heart,  stomach,  liver,  kidneys, 
spleen,  back  or  vertebra,  and  it  determines  the  power  of  the 
system  in  warding  off  and  overcoming  disease  of  all  kinds. 

Ladies  or  gentlemen,  desirous  of  obtaining  a  thorough  and 
correct  Phrenological  examinations  with  Fowler  and  Wells' 
harts,  will  meet  with  a  respecful  reception  at  his  consulting 
rooms.  Parties  can  depend  upon  a  reliable^ delineation  of 
the  character  of  their  intimate  male  or  female  friends,  by 
presenting  a  clearly  defined  photograph. 

Plirenological  or  Physiognomical  examinations  without 
charts,  $1.50  ;  with  charts,  from  §2  to  S3. 

INVITATION  TO  INVALIDS 

And  all  persons  who  are  in  any  way  out  of  health,  who  de- 
sire to  know  the  nature  and  causes  of  their  disease,  may 
avail  themselves  of  an  examination  through  phrenology  in 
regard  to  health  free  of  charge,  between  the  hours  of  9  a.  M. 
and  8  p.  ai.    Sundays  from  9  A  M.  to  12  m. 


H.  S.  CROCKER  &  CO. 

Stationers  and  Printers 

Agents  fop 

Arnold's  Inks,  GiUott's  Pens,  Faber's  Pencils  rind  Rubber 
Bands,  Stephen's  Inks,  Dickson's  Carmine,  David's  Car- 
mine and  Mucilage,  Crown  Brand  Mucilage,  Ksterbrook's 
Steel  Pens,  B.irnett's  Zinc  and  Plarina  Pens,  McGill's  Paper 
Fasteners;  also,  a  full  line  of  STATIONERY,  PAPER,  etc. 

SAN  FRANCISCO  and  SACRAMENTO. 


Good  land  that  will  raise  a  crop  every 
year.  Over  14,000  acres  for  sale  in  lots  to 
suit.  Climate  healthy.  No  drouthB,  bad 
floods,  nor  malaria.  Wood  and  Water 
convenient.  U.  S.  Title,  perfect,  Send  stamp  for  illus- 
trated circular,  to  EDWARD  FRISBIE,  Proprietor  of 
Reading  Ranch,  Anderson,  Shasta  County,  Cal.  * 


LAND 


FOR  SALE. —4-sided  6*inch  Molding  Machine. 
Jackson's  Agricultural  Machine  Works,  S.  E.  corner  8th 
and  Bluxome  Sta.,  San  Francisco, 


June  21,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC     PRESS 


403 


Metallurgy  apd  Oreg. 

Nevada    Metallurgical    Works, 

No  23   STEVENSON  STREET, 
Near  First  and  Market  Street!. 

Ores  worked  by  any  process. 
Ores  sampled. 

Assaying  in  all  its  branches. 
Analysis  of  Ores,  Minerals,  Waters,  etc. 
Working  TEerrs  made. 

Plans  furnished  for  the  most  suitable  process 
1  or  working  Ores. 

Special  attention  paid  to  Examinations  of 
Mines;  plans  and  reports  furnished. 

e.  huhn; 

C.  A.  LUCKHARDT, 
Mining  Engineers  and  Metallurgists 

JOHN  TAYLOR  &  CO., 

Importors  of  and  Dealers  in 

ASSAYERS'  MATERIALS, 

CHEMICAL  APPARATUS  AND  CHEMICALS,  DRUG- 
GISTS' GLASSWARE  AND  SUNDRIES,  Etc. 

612  &  518  Washington  St.,  San  Francisco 

We  would  call  the  special  attention  of  ABsayers,  Chem- 
ista.  Mining  Companies,  Milling  Companies,  Prospectors, 
etc..  to  our  stock  of  Clay  Crucibles,  Muffles,  Dry  Cups, 
etc.,  manufactured  by  the  Patent  Plumbago  Cruci- 
ble Co..  of  London,  England,  for  which  we  have 
been  made  Sole  Agent*  for  the  Pacific  Coast.  Circulars 
with  prices  will  bu  sent  upon  application. 

Alio,  to  our  large  and  well  adapted  stock  of 

Assayers'  Materials  &  Chemical  Apparatus, 

llaving  been  engaged  in  furnishing  these  supplies  tince 
tho  first  discovery  of  mines  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 

jGTOut  Gold  and  Silver  Tables,  showing  tho  value  per 
ounce  Troy  at  different  degrees  of  fineness,  and  valuable 
tables  for  computation  of  assays  in  grains  and  grammes, 
will  be  sent  free  upon  application. 

JOHN    TAYLOR    &    CO. 


LEOPOLD   KUH, 

(Formerly  of  the  U.  S.  Branch  Mint,  8.  F.) 

Assayer   and    Metallurgical    Chemist. 

No.  611  COMMERCIAL  STREET, 
(Between  Montgomery  and  Kearny,) 

San  Fkakcibco,  Cal. 

The   Miners'    Assay   Office, 

N.   E.   Corner   of  the   Plaza. 
PRESCOTT,       ---       -       ARIZONA. 

Assays  of  Silver,  $l.fiO.    Gold  and  Silver,   $2.     Other  Ores 
at  corresponding  rates.     All  assays  guaranteed. 
Gold  and  Silver  melted  into  Bars.     Working  Tests  made. 
ffSTM i iM.M  examined,  sales  negotiated,  etc. 

W.  H.   WIL.L.ISCRAFT, 
P.  O.  Box  153.  Prescott,  Arizona. 

TH0S.  PRICES 

Assay    Office    and    Chemical 
Laboratory, 

524  Sacramento  St.,  S.  F. 


G.  F.  Dkktke.v.  Wm.  E.  Smith. 

PIONEER  REDUCTION  WORKS, 

Channel  Street,  off  foot  of  Fourth,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Highest  price  paid  for  Sulphurets,  Arscniurets,  Tellurides 
and  Gold  Ores  generally. 

Careful  attention  paid  to  practical  working  tests  on  a 
large  scale  of  Gold-bearing  Quartz  and  ores  of  a  refractory 
and  sulphureted  nature. 

Will  examine,  report  on,  and  survey  mining  properties. 

METALLURGICAL   WORKS, 

STRONG    &    CO.,   10  Stevenson   Street, 

ORES  SAMPLED,  TESTED,  ASSAYED. 


GUIDO     KUSTEL, 

MINING  ENGINEER  and  METALLURGIST. 

P.    O     Address:    ALAMEDA,     CAL. 

ROCK     DRILLS. 
One  or  three  Burleigh  Drills, 

Tunnel  size.    Good  as  new.   Ready  for  use. 

FOR  SALE  VERY  LOW. 

320-Sansome  St.,  Boom  22,  San  Francisco. 


F.  MOORECROFT, 

Stone  Seal  Engraver, 

THURLOW    BLOCK, 

Room  38,  126  Kearny  St. ,  Cor.  Sutter,  San  Francisco. 


Coats  of  Arms,  Orests,  Monograms  and  Ma- 
sonic Inscriptions  Carefully  Engraved. 


i  OB 

r-atepts  1 


OBTAINED  IN    U.   S.    AND    FOREIGN 

COUNTRIES;  trademarks,  labels  and  copy- 

jhta  registered  through  DEWEY  &  CO. '8 

ininq    and    SoiENTino    Press  Patent 

Agency,  San  Franciuco.  Send  for  free  circular 


ELECTRIC   LIGHT. 

BRUSH     PATENT. 
The  Best,  Cheapest,  Cleanest,  and  Most  Powerful  Light  in  the  World. 

In  daily  use  at  the  Palace  Hotel  and  the  Union  Iron  Works.  S.  F. 


Parties  desiring  Electric  Light  for  Halls,  Shops,  Docks,  Mills, 
Streets  and  Mines,  are  invited  to  send  us  full  particulars  regarding 
the  buildings,  rooms  or  places  to  be  lighted,  including  dimensions, 
character  of  walls  and  ceilings,  amount  of  available  power  and  its 
location,  amount  of  light  now  used,  character  of  work  being  done, 
length  of  time  light  will  be  "needed  continuously,  etc. 

With  these  items  before  us,  we  will  make  a  proposition  to  furnish 
a  COMPLETE  OUTFIT  OF  ELECTRIC  LIGHT,  put  it  in  perfect 
working  order  and  guarantee  its  success  and  permanence.     Address  all  communications, 

S.  F.  TELEGRAPH  SUPPLY  CO , 

WM.    KERR,    President, 

San   Francisco,   Cal. 


Ingersoll  Rock  Drills. 


In  use  in   the    largest   and  best 
Mines  of  the  Coast. 

HAS    AUTOMATIC  FEED. 

Has  less  Repairs. 

Is  Lighter  and  more  Easily  Ad- 
justed than  any  other  Drill. 
Our  DRY  AIR  COMPRESSORS  are  the  most  Economical  Compressors  in  the  Market. 

MINERS'  HORSE-POWER. 


This  Power  is  especially  adapted  to  working  mines,  hoist 
ing  coal  or  building  material,  etc.  It  will  do  the  work  of  a 
Steam  Engine  with  one-tenth  the  expense.  One  Horse  ca 
easily  hoist  over  1,000  pounds  at  a  depth  of  500  feet. 

The  Power  is  mainly  built  of  wrought  iron,  and  cannot  be 
affected  by  exposure.  The  hoisting-drum  is  thrown  out  of 
gear  by  the  lever,  while  tho  load  in  held  in  place  with  a  brake 
by  the  man  tending  bucket.  The  frame  of  the  Power  is 
bolted  to  bed-timbers,  thus  avoiding  all  frame  work.  When 
required  these  Powers  aro  made  in  sections  for  packing. 


REYNOLDS  &  RIX,    18  and   20   Fremont  Street,  San  Francisco. 


SANDERSON  BROS.  &  GO.'S 

Best  Refined.  Cast-Steel. 

Warranted  Most  Superior  for  Drills,  Hammers,  Etc. 

A  full  and   complete  stock  of  this  reliable  and  well-known 
brand  of  Steel,  for  mining  and  other  uses,  now  in  stock  and  for  sale 

At  No.  417  Market  St.,  S.  F.,   ■   H.  D.  Morris,  Agent. 


FRANCIS  SMITH  &  CO., 


<Si 


c/> 


Manufacturers  of 

THE    PATENT    CHANNEL   IRON    WHEELBARROWS. 

THE  STRONGEST  BARROW  MADE.     These  Barrows  arc  made  by  Superior  Workmen,  and 
of  the  best  material.     All  Bizes  kept  constantly  on  hand. 

SHEET    IRON    PIPE. 

Lap-Welded  Pipe,  all  Sizes,  from  Three  to  Six  Inches.    Artesian  "Well  Pipe. 
Also,  Galvanized  Iron  Boilers,  from  26  to  100  Gallons. 
Iron  Cut,  Punched,  and  Formed  for  making  Pipe  on  gTOund,  where  required.   All  kinds  of  Tools 
supplied  for  making  Pipes.    Estimates  given  when  required.     Are  prepared  for  coating  all   size  of 
Pipes  with  a  composition  of  Coal  Tar  and  Asphaltum. 

Office  and  Manufactory,  130  Beale  Street,  San  Francisco. 


|tochi|iejy. 


GOLD  AND  SILVER 

Grinding  and  Amalgamating 
MACHINERY. 

Stamp  Hllla,  Book  Bnakei      -  .  .      ■       Rolla.  Amalgama- 
ting P  i  irGold  and  Silver  Oiw    Cnloro- 
dltuuj  Kimi.... ■      R  •  rti    !;■  ■  ■  Drills,  vii  i   >mpn 
Bnoes  and  Die*  for  Stamps  and  ena  description  of  Mine 
and  HUI  Boi 


fe 


U 


SPERHY'S 
Wrought-!  ron    Frame 

FOR    STAMP    MILLS. 

Clreat  saving  in  time  and  money  over  the  wood  frame.  Is 
made  complete  with  wrought-iron  frame  ready  to  put  upon 
the  foundation,  requiring  no  skilled  millwright.  These  mills 
are  unsurpassed  in  excellence  in  every  particular. 

We  are  furnishing  ali  the  Machinery  for  a  10-Stam.n  Gold 
Mill.  Including  Crucible,  Steel  Shoes  and  Dies.  Boiler  and 
Engine,  Counter  Shafting,  Pulleys,  etc..  Stamps  weighing 
150  lbs,  each,  with  Copper  Plate  iimide  of  the  Mortars,  and 
for  tables  outside,  making  all  the  Machinery  complete-  for  a 
10-Stamp  Mill  for  the  sum  of 

S2,250. 

We  construct  Mills  with  Stamps  weighing  from  350  to  900 
lbs.  for  gold  i.r  Silver  Ores.  Wet  or  dry  Crushing  Mortars. 
Will  contract  to  erect  complete  Cold  and  Silver  Mills  on  the 
most  improved  plans  We  liavo  30  yearn"  experience  in  min- 
ing and  milling  Gold  and  Silver  Ores,  and  can  compete  with 
tlie  world.     Send  for  a  circular.     Address 

M0REY  &  SPERRY, 

No.  145  Broadway,       -       -       NEW  YORK. 


C.    II.   EVANS 


THOMSON    &   EVANS, 

(Successors  to  Thomson  &  Parkkr.)] 

Engineers  and  Machinists. 


Steam  Pumps,  Steam  Engines,  Hoisting, 

Pumping,  Quartz  Mill,  Mining,  Saw 

Mill  Machinery,  Specialties. 

Plans  and  Specifications  for  Machinery  furnished.     Re- 
pairing promptly  attended  to. 

110  &  112  Beale  St.,  San  Francisco. 


THE  IMPROVED  0'HARRA 

0HL0RIDIZING  FURNACE. 

Patented  Sept.  10th,  1878. 

Now  in  Operation  at  the  Extra  Mining  Co.'s 
Works,  Copper  City,  Shasta  Co.,  Cal. 

Two  men  and  two  cords  of  wood  roast 

Forty  Tons  of  Ore  in  Twenty-four  Hours, 

Giving  a  full  chlorination  (100^)  at  a  coBt  of  30  cents  per 
on.    Address, 

O'HARRA    &    FERGUSON, 
Furnaceville,  Shasta  Co.,  Cal 
Or  CHAS.  W.  CRANE,  Agent, 

Boom  10,  Safe  Deposit  Building,  San  Francisco. 


Dewey  &  Co  {2002mesl?;}  Patent  Ag'ts 


404 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[June  2i,  1879. 


Continued  from  page  397- 


in  value,  taken  from  third  class  ore,  which  is  working;  89% 
of  the  assay  value.  The  company  commenced  on  their 
low-grade  ore,  so  as  to  fill  up  all  chinks  and  cracks  with 
low-grade  pulp.  The  mill  works  beautifully  in  every  par- 
ticular, lc  is  expected  they  will  turn  out  $20,000  bullion 
per  week,  which  will  be  shipped  directly  east. 

Clifton.— The  Longfellow  mining  company  turns  out 
8,000  pounds  of  copper  mattling  per  diem.  New  furnaces 
are  being  put  up  to  treble  the  yield.  A  large  business  in 
charcoal  ia  being  done  here.  It  is  transported  from  the 
Burro  mountains,  a  distance  of  100  miles,  and  costs  one 
and  a  half  to  two  cents  per  pound  delivered  here.  Eighteen 
tons  of  ore  are  daily  put  through  the  furnace.  A  railroad 
from  the  mine  to  the  furnaces  will  be  completed  by  Janu- 
ary 1st. 

FLOR.BSCE.~One  bar  of  silver,  weighing  1,100  ounces, 
arrived  to-day  from  the  Isabella  mine,  Globe  district. 

COLORADO. 

Leadville.-  Denver  Tribune,  June  11:  The  Pendery 
shaft  is  200  ft  deep,  and  the  mineral  thus  far  taken  out  is 
of  high  grade,  and  easily  worked.  A  new  ore  and  shaft 
house  has  just  been  completed,  and  hoisting  is  done  by 
machinery.  The  ore  bucket  holds  about  600  pounds,  and 
a  round  trip  from  the  top  of  the  shaft  to  the  bottom  and 
return  is  made  in  about  fWe  minutes.  Running  to  its 
full  capacity  this  mine  can  turn  out  75  tons  of  ore  every 
24  hours. 

Qoaktzville.—  Quartz  creek,  27  miles  from  Gunnison, 
has  developed  mineral  resources.  Two  miles  north  of 
town  is  the  Terrible,  supposed  to  be  a  true  fissure  vein 
between  porphyry  and  limestone,  carrying  gold  largely 
as  well  as  silver  and  copper.  The  gold  is  visible.  The 
"Western  Hemisphere,  at  the  head  of  Hall's  gulcb,  is  a 
true  fissure  vein  in  place  between  porphyry  and  limestone. 
The  ore  carries  silver,  copper  and  lead,  and  is  considered 
high  grade— showing  six  ft  of  mineral.  The  Fairview 
and  New  Dollar,  north,  and  the  Red  Jacket,  south  of 
town,  are  among  the  best  developed  leads  in  the  district. 
Forty  ft  is  the  greatest  depth  attained  on  any;  and  the 
ore  from  Fairview  is  stripped  as  fast  as  taken  out,  paying- 
expenses  so  far.  The  whole  district  is  a  mass  of  siluriau, 
limestone  and  porphyry,  overlying  the  granite,  and  near 
the  summit  north,  against  the  granite,  presenting  the 
appearance  of  having  been  uph'caved.  The  carbonate 
field  is  extensive. 

IDAHO. 

Robertson  Process. — Idaho  Democrat,  June  11:  We 
called  at  the  Hoskins  furnace  and  arastra  the  other  day 
and  found  the  boys  busy  roasting  and  crushing  rock.  The 
arastra  is  run  by  water  power.  The  furnace  is  built  of 
brick,  and  is  similar  to  a  baker's  oven.  They  say  the  new 
process  (Robertson)  is  working  admirably  and  increases 
their  rate  of  crushing  at  least  one-half,  besides  enabling 
them  to  save  all  the  gold.  This  company  are  first  to  put 
the  Robertson  process  In  operation  in  this  Territory,  and 
their  success  will  cause  others  to  followsuit.  Their  works 
are  situated  at  the  mouth  of  Robie  gulch,  about  12  miles 
from  this  city,  and  near  the  stage  road  connecting  Boise 
and  Idaho  City. 

Bullion  valued  at  §3,573  arrived  at  Winnemucca  from 
Silver  City,  Idaho,  on  the  5th. 

iDAno  City.—  There  is  an  immense  mass  of  debris  along 
More  creek  which  it  is  proposed  to  work  up  by  fluming  the 
creek  and  running  the  accumulated  mass  of  tailings 
through  into  the  canyons  below.  There  is  plenty  of  water 
and  wood.  The  bottom  or  paying  ground  is  from  300  to 
2,000  ft  wide,  and  the  mass  of  tailings  from  20  to  50  ft 
deep.  There  is  au  extent  of  hundreds  of  acres  of  the 
richest  mining  ground  in  the  basin,  and  a  depth  of  from 
15  to  60  ft,  all  of  which  could  be  swept  through  this  flume; 
besides,  there  are  whole  hillsides  that  could  be  piped  in  as 
the  flume  is  exteuded.  This  would  not  be  a  temporary 
investment,  but  it  would  take  a  lifetime  to  run  it  all 
through  aud  clean-up  the  immense  area  of  bedrock,  and 
the  company  who  will  invest  and  successfully  carry  out 
this  grand  enterprise  will  be  able  to  count  their  gold  by 
millions  of  dollars.  There  is  another  just  such  oppor- 
tunity on  Grimes  creek. 

Boise  City. — Statesman,  June  12:  There  is  no  decrease 
in  the  excitement  about  the  new  ledges  in  the  mountains 
near  this  place.  Parties  of  prospectors  are  daily  going 
out  and  returning  with  rich  specimens  of  surface  quartz; 
many  reporting  that  they  have  discovered  well-defined 
veins. 

Sub  Rosa  Mine.— Idaho  City  World,  June  10:  The  les- 
sees of  the  Sub  Rosa  mine  have  75  tons  of  ore  in  the  ore 
house,  and  plenty  more  in  sight. 

MONTANA. 

Bcttb.— Miner,  June  10:  In  the  main  shaft  of  the 
Alice  the  rock,  which  has  been  very  hard,  is  becoming 
softer,  and  better  progress  is  reported.  The  shaft  is  now 
about  445  ft  deep.  At  present  rate  of  progress  the  point 
for  starting  the  500-ft  cross  drift  will  be  reached  early 
next  month.  The  Penobscot  mill,  in  the  Stemple  district, 
has  been  increased  to  40  stumps,  and  20  more,  to  raise  the 
battery  to  60  stamps,  are  on  the  way  to  Vestel.  William 
Mayger  is  putting  up  a  five-stamp  silver  mill,  with  power 
for  another  battery.  It  is  located  half  a  mile  below  Bel- 
mont, and  just  under  the  Drum  Lummond  lode,  a  59-ft 
vein,  carrying  both  gold  and  silver.  The  Colorado  and 
Montana  smelting  company,  through  their  Manager,  Mr. 
H.  Williams,  have  purchased  of  the  Gagnon  mining  com- 
pany the  smelter  erected  by  R.  K.  Williams  &  Co.,  on  the 
flat  across  the  creek  from  the  Dexter  mill.  The  furnace 
already  built  will  be  removed  and  another  of  suitable  ma- 
terial and  after  a  more  improved  plan  put  iu  its  place.  The 
building  now  standing  will  be  increased  by  an  addition 
50x156  ft,  with  a  shed  22x40  ft,  premises  of  these  dimen- 
sions being  required  by  the  furnace  room,  ore  rooms,  etc., 
of  j  the  works.  To  begin  with,  no  refining  works  will  be 
erected  by  the  company;  but  instead,  ore  will  be  reduced 
only  to  matte.  From  6  to  12  tons,  according  to  its  grade, 
will  be  reduced  to  one  ton  of  matte,  which,  being  ground 
and  sacked,  will  then  be  shipped  to  the  Blackhawk,  Colo- 
rado works  for  final  treatment.  Sites,  Fisher  &  Co.  will 
start  up  an  arastra  within  three  miles  of  Beaver  creek 
station  (Rodgers1),  and  within  a  mile  of  the  Radersburg 
road,  some  time  next  week.  They  own  three  lodes.  On 
one  that  carries  from  18  inches  to  6  ft  of  ore,  they  have 
opened  a  tunnel  150  ft  in  length. 

Lexington.  —  A  drift  started  from  the  lower  level  some 
two  months  ago.  has  been  driven  in  on  the  north  spur  for 
the  entire  length  of  the  ore  chute,  116  ft  as  above.  For 
this  distance  the  spur  has  an  average  width  of  four  and  a 
half  ft,  and  its  ore,  instead  of  yielding  70  or  SO  ounces,  as 
was  expected,  averages  over  300  ounces  of  silver  per  ton, 
besides  being  rich  in  gold.  Since  visiting  the  mine  we 
have  been  shown  the  records,  kept  in  the  office  of  Mr.  M. 
E.  Mayer,  of  assays  make  from  north  spur  ore.  From  a 
long  list  we  select  six  found  in  succession.  Here  they  are: 
Three  hundred  and  thirty-seven  ounces  of  silver,  and  $31 
gold  per  tun;  32S  ounces,  and  S75;  148  ounces,  and  §100; 
805  ounces,  and  $502;  1,030  ounces,  and  $286;  671  ounces 
and  $270. 

NEW  MEXICO. 

Lyons'  Foundrt.— Grant  County  Herald,  May  24: 
Thomas  Lyons'  foundry,  near  the  southern  edue  of  town, 
has  been  running  almost  constantly  during  the  past  two 
or  three  weeks.  The  furnace  is  a  brick  cupola ,  with  a 
capacity  of  about  5,000  pounds  of  molten  iron  for  each 
day's  run.  The  blast  is  furnished  by  a  No.  9  Sturtevant 
blower,  run  by  an  eight-horse  power  engine.  The  fuel  is 
oak  charcoal.  The  foundry  is  specially  fitted  for  the  cast- 
ing and  turning  of  stamp-heads,  tapits,  cams  and  every 
class  of  quariz  mill  attachments  requiring  heavy  boring. 
A  fino  quality  of  molding  sand  is  found  in  the  arroyo  just 
b.elow  the  foundry.  Mr.  Lyons  is  prepared  to  turn  out 
any  description  of  casting  from  1,500  pounds  in  weight 
down  to  the  most  minute  article  required  in  the  ma- 
chinery of  a  quartz  mill.  The  patterns  for  the  foundry 
are  manufactured  by  Black  &  Cosgrove.  The  foundry  is 
now  being  run  upon  such  scraps  of  iron  as  can  be  gathered 
from  occasional  sales  of  that  material;  but  if  proper  en- 
couragement is  given,  Mr.  Lyons  will  erect  a  blast  furnace, 
and  commence  the  reduction  of  iron  ore.  His  mine,  near 
Santa  Rita,  shows  a  heavy  body  of  magnetic  ore,  running 


at  least  80%,  and  ho  feels  confident  that  this  ore  will  return 
a  very  superior  quality  of  pig  iron.  He  now  charges  15 
cents  per  pound  for  his  castings,  but  if  the  quartz  mills  of 
Silver  City  would  patronize  him,  this  price  would  be 
greatly  reduced.  Connected  with  the  foundry  is  a  patent 
brick  press,  for  the  manufacture  of  fire  bricks.  The  clay 
is  brought  from  the  hills  just  above  the  Mimbres  reduc- 
tion works,  and  the  brick  will  stand  more  than  four  times 
the  amount  of  heat,  in  a  cupola  lining,  than  the  St.  Louis 
extra  fire  brick  will  stand.  This  by  actual  test  of  four  and 
five  days'  run. 

Items. — Miners  about  Lone  mountain  are  pushine-  work 
upon  their  leads,  and  the  most  of  them  have  a  splendid 
showing  of  ore.  The  Lone  Mountain  mill  is  now  running 
011  a  batch  (eight  tons)  of  ore  frum  the  Commercial,  Bent 
in  by  George  Smith.  The  ore  assays,  on  an  average,  250 
ounces  to  the  ton,  and  Holson  can  be  relied  upon  to  work 
it  close. 

UTAH. 

Items.—  Salt  Lake  Tribune,  June  12:  Yesterday  Wells, 
Fargo  &  Co.  sold  one  car  of  Horn  Silver  bullion  for  $1,613.- 
50,  and  shipped  to  Chicago  two  cars,  valued  at  $4,000.  On 
the  9th  and  10th,  Warnock  &  Co.  received  89,506  pounds 
of  Horn  Silver  bullion.  The  Union  Pacific  Express  Co. 
yesterday  received  four  bars  of  bullion  from  the  Ontario, 
valued  at  $3,179.75;  four  bars  from  Leeds,  $4,773.39;  four 
bars  from  the  Ontario,  $3,398.38;  total,  $8,171.77. 


International  Meteorological  Congress. 

The  International  Meteorological  Congress, 
recently  convened  at  Rome,  terminated  its  la- 
bors after  a  brief  and  rather  hurried  session,  by 
referring  much  of  the  business  for  which  it  was 
convened,  to  the  discretion  of  a  committee  origi- 
nated by  the  Congress;  the  decisions  of  the  Con- 
gress itself  have  not  been  therefore  numerous. 
The  meeting  was  large  with  quite  a  general  en- 
thusiasm on  the  subject  of  international  meteor- 
ology. 

The  Congress  has  recommended  that  for  each 
country  daily  synoptic  weather  charts  be  made 
for  study,  as  has  been  the  daily  practice  for  the 
United  States  since  1870;  that  storm  tracks 
should  be  traced;  weather  notices  given  to  farm- 
ers; winds,  temperatures,  etc.,  studied  by  the 
month  and  by  the  year;  instruments  at  all  sta- 
tions compared  with  each  other;  the  general 
march  of  weather  phenomena  over  the  surface 
of  the  globe  noted;  uniformity  of  observation 
sought  for,  and  other  procedures,  as  has  been 
long  the  customary  plan  on  this  side  of  the  At- 
lantic.    There  are  evidences  of  progress  in  this.. 

On  the  subject  of  observations  actually  simul- 
taneous, first  originated  and  practically  put  in 
use  by  the  United  States  in  1870,  and  the  basis 
of  observation  on  which  the  greatest  advances 
and  success  have  been  made  by  this  country,  it 
was  resolved  "that  the  Congress  is  of  the  opinion 
that  the  development  of  simultaneous  observa- 
tions contributes  much  to  the  progress  of  meteo- 
rology, and  that  all  works  which  are  undertaken 
in  this  direction,  ought  to  be  encouraged.". 

The  publications  of  the  Signal  Office,  such  as 
the  Mouthy  Weather  Review  with  the  Synoptic 
and  International  Weather  Charts  were  referred 
to  with  approval,  and  with  the  recommenda- 
tion, "that  the  Congress  is  of  opinion  that  the 
publication  of  a  similar  Review  would  contribute 
much  to  the  advancement  of  meteorological 
study,  and  is  therefore  recommended  to  be  made 
for  Europe."  There  can  be  no  higher  compli- 
ment. 

Finally,  the  Congress  asks  that  the  stations, 
as  Mount  Washington  and  Pike's  Peak  (the 
highest  stations  on  the  earth),  may  be  main- 
tained, making  even  more  observations  than 
those  now  attempted,  and  that  all  the  observa- 
tions may  be  published  for  the  use  of  all  meteo- 
rologists everywhere,  as  an  approval  of  those 
stations,  the  utility  of  which  was  once  ques- 
tioned. 

It  is  on  these  points  only  the  acts  of  the  Con- 
gress have  any  special  reference  to  the  meteoro- 
logical work  of  the  United  States.  It  is  satis- 
factory to  notice  so  much  of  approval  and  adop- 
tion, and  so  general  a  wish  for  the  continuance 
and  extension  of  it.  The  Congress  made  no 
practical  suggestion's  as  to  weather  predictions 
in  Europe,  a  matter  which,  it  would  seem, 
might  have  been  arranged  with  very  little  diffi- 
culty. 

Hot  Air,  oe  Hammam. — It  has  been  shown 
experimentally  that  hot  air  is  a  cure  for  lung 
diseases,  at  least  in  their  incipiency.  The 
theory  of  it  is  that  the  heated  atmosphere 
breathed  in£o  the  lungs  cicatrizes  the  lacerated 
or  diseased  tissues  and  effects  a  permanent  cure. 
In  view  of  the  fact  that  lung  and  throat  diseases 
prevail  here  as  well  as  elsewhere,  it  is  well 
worth  an  experiment,  even  if  the  result  should 
be  only  a  re-invigorating  of  the  system.  For 
the  general  health  this  experiment  may  be  tried 
in  the  Turkish  bath.  Hammam,  or  hot  air,  in 
combination  with  cold  air,  warm  and  cold  water, 
motion,  friction,  and  electricity,  as  practiced  by 
Dr.  A.  M.  Loryea,  at  his  splendid  bathing  estab- 
lishment, Nos.  11  and  13  Dupont  street,  is  en- 
titled to  more  than  a  passing  notice.  Whoever 
benefits  suffering  humanity  is  entitled  to  some 
regard,  even  if  a  small  pecuniary  compensation 
is  required,  aud  in  this  respect  we  mention  the 
Hammam  baths.  The  most  perfect  order  aud 
cleanliuesss  exists,  and  an  air  of  refinement  aud 
luxury  pervades  even  the  atmosphere  of  the 
rooms,  so  that  the  most  delicate  organization 
need  not  fear  any  rude  shocks.  The  physical 
system,  through  the  instrumentality  of  the 
baths,  receives  so  thorough  a  renovation  that  it  is 
scarcely  credible  so  simple  a  treatment  can  pro- 
duce so  wonderful  au  effect.  It  would  require 
columns  of  interesting  matter  to  describe  the 
mode  of  operation  and  results,  but  suffice  it  to 
say  that  no  one  who  receives  the  treatment  once 
will  find  it  necessary  to  undergo  any  other  treat- 
ment. .  We  do  not  of  course  claim  a  miracle  in 
the  healing  art,  although  the  general  toning  up 
of  the  system  and  delicate  lung  and  other  tis- 
aues  of  the  body  borders  upon  the  miraculous, 


Electricity  in  Harness. 

A  correspondent  writing  to  the  Petit  Journal 
from  Sermaize  (Marne),  France,  May  15th,  says: 
"A  complete  revolution  is  about  to  occur  in  me- 
chanical industry,  and  the  great  problem  of 
electricity  as  a  motor  is  henceforth  solved  be- 
yond a  doubt.  Every  day  experiences  in  elec- 
trical manipulations  demonstrate  perfect  suc- 
cess in  the  use  of  electricity  as  a  motive  power. 
The  proprietors  of  the  sugar  refinery  of  Ser- 
maize have,  after  many  trials,  succeeded  in  un- 
loading their  beet  barges  by  means  of  an  eleva- 
tor worked  by  electricity,  100  meters  distant 
from  their  factory.  The  pulper  of  the  refinery 
receives  its  motive  power  from  the  same  source. 
It  is  astonishing  to  witness  the  working  of  ma- 
chinery without  visible  power,  and  two  small 
wires  conducting  the  electricity  700  meter3  the 
sole  explanation  of  the  cause.  The  success  of 
the  experiment  has  decided  the  proprietors  to 
adapt  the  same  system  to  their  entire  works. 
By  means  of  a  steel  cable  a  power  equal  to  eight 
oxen  will  be  generated.  Many  spectators, 
curious  and  scientific,  visit  the  works  from 
other  departments,  and  express  the  utmost 
astonishment  at  the  novelty." 

Now,  in  view  of  the  fact  that  one  pound  of 
zinc  costs  ten  times  as  much  as  a  pound  of  coal, 
in  other  words,  as  any  magnetic  motor  will  be 
60  times  as  expensive  as  a  steam  motor  of  the 
same  horse  power,  it  is  difficult  to  perceive  how 
this  French  invention  will  succeed  in  point  of 
expense.  There  is  no  better  agent  than  zinc  for 
producing  electricity  in  batteries.  Then,  too, 
the  modern  dynamo -electric  machine,  while  af- 
fording another  source  of  magnetism,  requires  a 
powerful  steam  engine  to  run  it;  more  powerful, 
indeed,  than  the  effect  sought  to  be  produced. 
The  writer  promises  further  developments,  and 
we  certainly  await  them  with  considerable 
anxiety.  We  know,  however,  that  economy  is 
the  great  desideratum  with  French  manufactur- 
ers, and  hence,  if  the  motor  is  adopted  success- 
fully, as  it  appears  to  be,  we  will  confess  that 
all  of  our  calculations  have  been  wrong,  and 
that  we  know  nothing  at  all  about  magnetic 
motors. 


New  Double-Acting  Deep  Well  Pump. 

Messrs.  Thompson  &  Evans  have  lately  de- 
vised a  new  steam  pump,  and  practically  illus- 
trated its  perfect  working  qualities  in  that 
built  by  them  for  the  Hammam  baths,  and  now 
in  constant  use  by  that  establishment  to  draw 
water  from  an  artesian  well.  It  is  a  double- 
acting  force  pump,  and  a  direct-acting  engine, 
with  yoke  and  sliding  block  attached  to  crank, 
and  is  automatic  in  its  workings.  Capable  of 
from  20  to  150  revolutions  per  minute,  it  draws 
and  forces  a  three-inch  stream  of  water  120 
feet,  and  at  moderate  speed  will  supply  5,000 
gallons  of  water  per  hour.  In  conversation 
with  the  engineer  at  the  Baths,  he  declared 
that  a  steam  pump  cannot  be  manufactured 
that  will  work  easier  and  quieter,  and  a  per- 
sonal observation  justified  his  assertion,  as  it 
works  very  silently  and  regularly. 

This  pump  will  run  to  its  full  capacity  on  35 
pounds  of  steam,  and  it  can  be  regulated  at 
any  rate  of  speed  and  is  much  smaller  than  a 
steam  pump  formerly  used  at  the  Baths,  which 
required  from  70  to  100  pounds  of  steam  to  do 
the  same  amount  of  work.  It  is  settled  that 
20  pounds  of  coal  per  hour  will  run  the  pump 
to  its  full  capacity.  The  special  feature  of  this 
steam  pump  is  its  double-acting  water  cylinder, 
arranged  to  be  placed  in  a  deep  weU.  The  one 
at  the  Baths  to  which  we  refer,  has  its  water 
cylinder  at  a  depth  of  SO  feet  in  the  well.  Sev- 
eral others  of  the  same  type  are  now  being 
made.  The  same  firm  have  manufactured  a 
small  and  cheap  engine  of  from  one  to  seven- 
horse  power,  especially  for  the  use  of  farmers 
and  general  work  of  all  kinds,  occupying  small 
Bpace  and  doing  a  large  amount  of  work  on  as 
small  a  consumption  of  fuel  as  possible.  A 
small  size  engine  of  this  latter  kind  can  be  set 
up  complete  for  §75,  or  at  $50  per  horse  power. 

Artesian  Wells. — William  Stack,  of  Oak- 
land, has  lately  completed  an  artesian  well  ad- 
joining his  store,  on  the  northeast  corner  of 
Fifth  and  Harrison  streets.  The  well  is  an 
eight-inch  bore  in  the  clear,  and  113  feet  deep. 
The  water,  of  which  there  is  an  abundant  sup- 
ply, rises  to  within  six  feet  eight  inches  of  the 
surface.  Mr.  Stack  has  several  tenement  build- 
ings in  the  vicinity  of  the  well,  and  his  enter- 
prise is  calculated  to  give  an  abundant  supply 
of  good  water;  most  decidedly  in  favorable  con- 
trast with  the  mere  surface  supply  provided  by 
the  San  Francisco  and  Oakland  water  companies. 
The  formation  is  as  follows:  Surface  soil,  6 
feet;  hardpan,  40  feet;  blue  clay,  62  feet;  fine 
water  gravel,  5  feet;  total,  113  feet.  About 
four  feet  above  the  gravel,  the  borer  passed  a 
stratum  of  what  were  supposed  to  be  oyster 
shells.  We  cannot  commend  too  highly  an 
enterprise  of  this  kind.  In  a  region  where  the 
water  supply  from  subte  rranean  sources  is  so 
abundant  and  so  pure,  the  public  demand,  and 
will  have,  water  that  is  drawn  from  sources  not 
exposed  to  contamination.  Public  and  private 
health  requires  it,  and  the  increase  of  the 
knowledge  of  health  requirements  will  override 
the  desire  for  profit  at  the  expense  of  health  and 
comfort. 


News  In  Brief. 

Paradise  valley  hogs  are  fattening  on  grass- 
hoppers. 

Gdaymas  wants  San  Francisco  to  let  it  be  a 
rival  port.     Go  ahead. 

Yankee  Fork  is  making  heavy  drafts  on 
Nevada.     Too  many  tines  on  that  fork. 

The  tunnel  under  the  D  etroit  river  will  be 
completed  within  two  years,  and  will  cost  about 
$1,500,000. 

Seven  bridges  on  the  Warsaw  and  Vienna 
railway  have  been  carried  away  by  floods.  Traf- 
fic is  interrupted. 

It  is  said  that  hay  will  be  worth  $75  per  ton 
in  Austin,  Nevada,  next  winter.  Meat  and  po- 
tatoes would  be  a  cheaper  diet. 

The  Hungarian  General  Turr,  initiatory  of 
the  Panama  canal  scheme,  will  probably  ac- 
company De  Lesseps  to  Panama. 

There  should  be  more  uniformity  in  wages. 
The  wages  of  sin  are  death,  while  the  wages  of 
Tom  Scott,  as  railroad  president,  are  $100,000 
per  annum. 

The  Guadalupe  ranch  and  the  surrounding 
locality  in  Lower  California  was  burned  over 
a  few  days  ago,  destroying  thousands  of  acres 
of  feed. 

The  weather  in  New  York  has  been  very 
cold  and  the  signal  officer  predicts  it  will  be  still 
colder,  with  frequent  frosts  throughout  the 
Middle  States. 

The  beach  at  Galveston,  Texas,  is  the  largest 
and  broadest  in  the  world,  extending  25  miles, 
fronting  the  unbroken  tide  of  the  Gulf  of  Mex- 
ico on  the  south  and  east. 

Cork  is  coming  into  use  in  Germany  as  a 
filling  for  winter  bed-coverlets  in  place  of 
feathers.  It  is  described  as  not  only  being 
warmer  and  lighter,  but  decidedly  cheaper. 

A  cyclone  passed  over  Sandersville,  Ga.,  June 
12th.  The  Catholic  church  and  many  trees 
were  blown  down,  and  fencing  and  crops  sus- 
tained considerable  damage.     No  lives  lost. 

The  New  York  Evening  Post's  financial  article 
says:  The  fever  for  mining  stock  ventures  is 
rising,  notwithstanding  the  profits  of  mining 
are  collectively  not  so  large  as  the  profits  of 
agriculture. 

A  violent  storm,  accompanied  by  hail,  passed 
over  the  city  of  Trenton,  N.  J.,  at  5:30  P.  M.f 
June  12th,  uprooting  trees  and  doing  considerable 
damage.  A  washout  occurred  on  the  Pennsyl- 
vania railroad,  delaying  trains  for  a  while. 

North  Adams,  Mass.,  has  been  visited  by  a 
heavy  freshet,  and  the  damage  throughout  the 
vicinity  is  variously  estimated  at  from  $100,- 
000  to  $150,000.  Damages  by  the  flood  in  the 
outlying  districts  are  hourly  reported. 

The  whole  number  of  languages  spoken  in 
the  world  amounts  to  2,553;  587  of  these  are 
spoken  in  Europe,  396  in  Asia,  276  in  Africa 
and  1,264  in  America.  The  inhabitants  of  the 
globe  profess  more  than  1,000  different  religions. 

A  terrific  storm  passed  over  Bordentown, 
N.  J.,  June  12th.  The  rain  fell  in  torrents,  ac- 
companied by  wind  and  hail.  Trees  were  up- 
rooted, roofs  carried  away  and  several  buildings 
blown  down.  A  mile  below  the  storm  was  not 
felt. 

Continued  shocks  of  earthquake,  which  are 
attributed  to  the  action  of  Mt.  Etna,  have  oc- 
curred near  Santa  Venere  and  Guardia,  Calabria 
Citra.  Several  houses  have  fallen.  Others  are 
in  danger  of  faUing,  and  there  has  been  some 
loss  of  life. 

Oregon  thinks  the  heavy  rain  of  the 
6th  was  a  curse,  while  Humboldt  county  sings 
"thankfulness  to  the  Lord"  for  a  glorious 
shower;  Tuolumne  had  23  inches  of  rain,  and 
Amador  county  declares  rain  on  Tuesday  and  a 
thunder  storm  on  Wednesday  very  peculiar 
weather  at  this  season  of  the  year. 

The  Commercial  this  evening  says  the  Panama 
route  will  not  be  satisfactory  to  merchants  of 
New  York  doing  business  with  China  and 
Japan.  By  overland  connection,  the  cargo, 
consisting  of  teas,  silks,  etc.,  only  broke  bulk 
once  before  reaching  New  York,  and  that  was 
at  San  Francisco.  Besides  loss  of  time,  the 
deterioration  of  merchandise  by  transfer  to  a 
tropical  climate  is  urged  as  a  reason  why  mer- 
chants are  unwilling  to  return  to  the  Panama 
route,  and  many  would  choose  in  preference  the 
Suez  canal  route,  thereby  throwing  the  carrying 
trade  into  British  hands;  the  difference  of  time 
being  made  up  by  the  advantages  of  maintain- 
ing bulk  and  the  prevention  of  sweating. 


Do  Not  Put  Off. — It  is  a  fact  that  should  be 
known  to  our  patrons,  and  if  known  is  frequent- 
ly overlooked  in  the  hurry  of  personal  affairs, 
and  that  is  our  agents  map  out  their  routes  so 
as  to  be  able  to  visit  every  locality  systemati- 
cally. And  hence  when  they  are  compelled  to 
"double"  as  it  were  on  their  collecting  routes, 
their  labors  become  very  arduous.  We  would 
be  glad  if  every  one  would  be  ready  to  settle 
with  them  at  first  sight.  The  circulation  of 
the  paper  is  large,  and  our  numerous  subscrib- 
ers scattered  far  and  near,  and  as  we  must  look 
to  expense  in  order  to  produce  as  good  a  paper 
as  we  endeavor  to  do,  our  patrons  should  assist 
us  in  our  endeavors  by  promptly  settling  with 
our  agents,  not  putting  them  off  as  if  they  had 
but  one  single  collection  to  make,  or  traveled 
about  with  electric  speed. 

The  total  coinage  of  the  several  Government 
mints  during  the  month  of  May  amounted  to 
$5,213,258,  of  which  $2,878,550  were  in  double 
and  quarter  eagles,  $2,330,000  in  BUver  dollars 
and  $4,708  in  five-cent,  three-cent  and  one-cent 
pieces. 


June  21,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


40 


*& 


ATENTSAND  ^INVENTIONS 


List  of  U.  S.  Patents   Issued  to  Pacific 
Coast  Inventors. 

[From  Okkicial  RuroRTs  10  DEWEY  ft  DCS  Mining  and- 
SciiSTicic  I'RKaa  Patent  Aukmt.] 

By  8peclal  Dispatch  from  Washington.  D.  C 

For  Ttir  Wiu  f.nmv.  Jom  ion,  IflTft 
-i.i  BtroATOI    i»  !'  Baldwin,  S.  F. 
-Maciiihi  poi  Bxoi  Biduma- F.  \. 

C      ' I .  s.  F 

-  fcLKVAroit     F   .1    Crunch,    K11 
211  (.826  -Minimi    FLOMB       .1.     Uowa    und    N.     V.'.itc, 
.  GfcL 

Bydrai  lic  Un    W,  U  Hydi  ,Oa 
•jhj,-_'7'.i  -Vbuiolb  U'iikkl  — i,    «.    Lawrenoo,    Monti 
cello.  CW, 

now ai<  Wvt  ami  OoiiLAB    E.  M.  Morgan, 

B  Mi  I  I  'i  1/,  0:l) 

216,451.— Stbaji   Packing    Goo    P.  PhlNIps.  Gold  HUI, 

Ne\  nij.t 

yoTB.— Oopjea  of  U.  8.  and  Foreign  Patents  furnished 
byDwrar  &Oa,  i"  tha  anortwt  time  possible  (by  tel- 
Kruph  or  oUu-rwisu)  at  Hie  lowest  rated.  All  patent  busi- 
ness fur  Pacific  coast  inventors  transacted  with  perfect 
security  and  in  the  shortest  possible  time. 


In  New  York  the  con t met  by  which  the 
Fuller  Ktectrical  Co.  engages  to  supply  the 
electric  light  to  Madison  Square  Garden,  for  a 
term  of  months,  haa  just  been  signer),  aud  tho 
project  will  be  put  in  execution  immediately. 
The  garden  will  bo  lighted  by  meanB  of  four 
lamps,  2,51(0  candle  power,  for  three  and  a  half 
hours  per  night,  at  a  cost  of  about  eight  dollars 
to  the  proprietor  of  the  place.  This  is,  in  the 
absence  of  exact  calculations,  estimated  to 
be  from  one- third  to  one- fourth  the  present 
cost  of  lighting  the  garden  by  gas. 


Every  new  subscriber  who  does  not  receive 
the  paper  and  every  old  subscriber  not  credited 
on  the  label  within  two  weeks  after  paying  for 
this  paper,  should  write  personally  to  the  pub- 
lishers without  delay,  to  secure  proper  credit. 
This  is  necessary  to  protect  us  and  subscri- 
bers against  the  acts  and  mistakes  of  others. 

OUR  AGENTS. 

Our  Friends  can  do  much  in  aid  of  our  paper  and  the 
cause  of  practical  knowledgo  and  science,  by  assisting 
Agents  in  their  labors  of  canvassing,  by  lending  their 
influence  and  encouraging  favors.  We  intend  to  send 
none  but  worthy  men. 

J.  L.  Tharp — San  Francisco. 

B.  W.  Crowrll — California. 

A.  0.  Knox— Pacific  Coast. 

S.  V.  Blakkslbe  —State  of  Nevada. 

G.  W.  McGrbw. — Sunta  Clara  county. 

Milton  Kennedy.— Kern  and  Inyo  counties. 

J.  B.  Bacheldbr.— Shasta  County,  Cal. 

H.  H.  Messenger— Arizona. 

J.  H.  Wiiselkr—  Mono  county,  Cal. 


Fresd  attractions  are  constantly  added  to  Wood- 
ward's Gardens,  anient:  which  is  Prof.  Gruber's  great 
educator,  the  Zoographicon.  Each  department  increases 
daily,  and  the  Pavilion  performances  are  more  popular 
than  ever.  All  new  novelties  find  a  place  at  this  wonder- 
ful resort.     Prices  remain  as  usual. 


How  to  Stop  tuis  Paper.— It  is  not  a  herculean  task  to 
stop  this  paper.  Notify  the  publishers  by  letter.  If  it 
comes  beyond  the  time  desired  you  can  depend  upon  it  we 
do  not  know  that  the  subscriber  wants  it  stopped.  So 
be  sure  and  send  us  notice  by  letter. 


Settlers  and  others  wishing  good  farming  lands  for 
sure  crops,  are  referred  to  Mr.  Edward  Frisbie,  of  Ander- 
son, Shasta  County,  Cal.,  who  has  some  15,000  acres  for 
sale  in  the  Upper  Sacramento  valley.  His  advertisement 
appears  from  time  to  time  in  this  paper. 


Sample  Copies.— Occasionally  we  send  copies  of  this 
paper  to' persons  who  we  believe  would  be  benefited  by 
subscribing  for  it,  or  willing  to  assist  us  in  extending  its 
circulation.  We  call  the  attention  of  Buch  to  our  pros- 
pectus and  terms  of  subscription,  and  request  that  they 
circulate  the  copy  sent. 


Extra  Copies  can  usually  be  had  of  each  issue  of  this 
paper,  if  ordered  early.    Price,  10  cents,  postpaid. 

Printer's  Proof  Press,  complete  and  in  good  working 
order,  for  sale  at  this  office,  at  the  low  price  of  $30.  Call 
and  see  it. 

Experimental  Macuinery,  drawings,  patterns,  models, 
all  kinds  of  electrical  and  telegraphic  apparatus  to  order. 
See  ad.    F.  W.  Fuller,  415  Market  St.,  second  floor,  S.  F. 


Chew  Jackson's  Best  Sweet  Navy   Tobacco 


LUMBER. 


CARGO       PRICES       OF 
REDWOOD. 

Rough,  M 13  00 

Refuse 9  00 

Clear 23  00 

Clear  Refuse 13  00 

Rustle 23  50 

Refuse 18  00 

Surfaced 20  00 

Refuse 14  00 

Flooring 20  00 

Refuse 12  00 

Beaded  Flooring 23  00 

Refuse 13  00 

Half-inch  Siding 16  00 

Refuse 14  00 

Half-inch  Surfaced 20  00 

Refuse 14  00 

Half-inch  Battens 16  00 1 


Wednesday  m.,  June  18,  1879. 


PFGET      SOIWD    PINE 

RETAIL  PRICE. 

Rough,  M 18  00 

Fencing 18  00 

Flooring  and  Step 28  00 

Narrow 30  00 

2d  quality 25  00 

Laths 3  50 

Furring,  lineal  ft 

REDWOOD. 
RETAIL  PRICE. 

Rough,  M 18  00 

Refuse 14  00 

Pickets,  Rough 15  00 

Pointed 16  00 

Fancy 22  '50 

Siding 20  50 

Surfaced.  &  Long  Beaded30  00 

Flooring 30  00 

..    Refuse .22  50 

Pickets,  Rough 11  00  Half-inch  Surf  aced 30  00 

Rough,  Pointed 12  50  Rustic,  No.  1 30  00 

Fancy,  Pointed.. 18  00  Battens,  lineal  ft 

Shinies 1  75!ShinKles  M 2  00 

Gold,    Legal    Tenders,    Exchange,   Etc. 

[Corrected  Weokly  by  Sutro  &  Co.] 

San  Francisco,  June  18,  3  p.  m. 

Silver,  62A@40. 

Gold  Bars,  890@910.  Silver  Barb,  8@19  #  cent,  dis- 
count. 

Exchange  on  New  York,  20,  on  London  bankers,  49}@ 
49*.  Commercial,  50;  Paris,  five  franca  $  dollar:  Mexican 
dollars,  92@97. 

London  Consols,  97  1-16;  Bonds  (4%).  105. 

Quicksilver  in  S.  F ..  by  the  flask,  u  lb,  36,0. 


METALS. 


[WHOLESALE. 

Wkdhwdit  m.,  June  18,  1879. 


Iron.— 

American  Pig,  soft,  ton zj 

Scutch  Pig.  ton 

AmnrtnMiwhfto  Pig.  Ion I 

OngonPte  Ion 

Refined  Bar.... 

Hureu  Khoe»,  keg 5 

Nail  Rod 

Norway,  according  to  thlciciieM 

Cul'l-KK  — 

Sheathing,  II, 

BheaUiltuj,  Yellow 

Sheathing,  "M  Yellow 

Steel.— 

English  Cast,  Ifc 

Black  Diamond,  ordinary  nlzea 

Dim ?. ...::. 

Flat  Bar 

Plow  Steel , 

Tin  Plates.— 

10x14  I  O  Charcoal 

10x1 1  I  C  Coke 

Banca  Tin 

AuHtrallaii 

Zinc— 

By  the  Cask 

Zinc.  Sheet  7x3  ft,  7  to  10,  It,,  leas  than  ciuik.. 
Nails.— 

Aaaurttyl  tdzea 




so 

«iia     7 

31  <■'       K 

19  {<t      20 

I 


u  a    i: 

i.  a 

io  I     a 

16  ■<     is 

8  % 


■ 

7  8      ;i 

is  <a—  so 

151®      17 

B  .,- 

'.',-'      10 


Signal  Service  Meteorological  Report. 

Sax  Francisco.—  Week  ending  June  17, 1870. 

HIOBRST   AND  LOWEST   BAROMETER. 

June  11  June  1:2  June  13'  June  HjJune  loijmie  10  Junel7 


20.860   29.0401  29.969    29.927    29.803    30.031 
20.814    20.S7»|  20.917|    29.83u|  29.824|  29.902 

MAXIMUM  AND  MINIMUM   ruERMOHETER. 


29.909 


53 


85 
54 


70 
51 


70 
54 


03 
53 


08 
52 


MEAN  DAILY  HUMIDITY. 
73      |      70.3  I      71.3  |      71       |      67       |      60.3  |      65 

PREVAILING   WIND. 

W      |      W     |      W     |      W     I      W      I       W     I      vv 

WIND— MILES  TRAVELED. 

189     I    215     |    293      |     204     |     359     I     291      |    227 
8TATB  OP  WBATHER. 

Clear.   |  Clear.  |  rClear.  |  Clear.   |  Clear.   |    Fair.    I  Clear. 

RAINEALL  IB  TWBNTV-EOOR  UOURS. 

I  I  I  I  I  I 

Total  raiD  during:  the  season,  from  July  1,  1878.  24.44  in. 


gfe&l    Scientific  Press 


The  Mining  and  Scientific 
Press  Patent  Agency  was  estab- 
lished in  1 86o — the  first  west  of 
the  Rocky  Mountains.  It  has 
kept  step  with  the  rapid  march 
of  mechanical  improvements. 
The  records  in  its  archives,  its 
constantly  increasing  library,  the 
accumulation  of  information  ol 
special  importance  to  our  home 
inventors,  and  the  experience  ol 
its  proprietors  in  an  extensive  and 
long  continued  personal  practice 
in  patent  business,  affords  them 
combined  advantages  greater 
than  any  other  agents  can  possi- 
bly offer  to  Pacific  Coast  invent- 
ors.    Circulars    of   advice,  free. 

Address. 

DEWEY  &  CO., 
202  Sansome  St.,  N.  E.  Cor.  Pine, 
San  Francisco, 


lilpg  and  otlier  Companies. 


Gover  Mining  and   Milling    Company.— 

Location  ,..(  it,'.  ■   | .,!;,,   i  Bu    Franc!  ■  ■ 

a,   Amador 
■  rnla 

...  x- 

rnuteea, hold  on  Wodn    «1  iy,  ■  ,,.-■ 

i   ■■■     im-ut    IN'..  ;  i     . 

■■■■■'■.  p|| 

ay  United 

LU>    Room 

■'-■     -\'.     i«:    I    :  I         ■      . 

■ 
oo  ruosday,  tlio  flnt  day  of  July,   I87l»,   wl 
and  odvi  ri  i  nolle  auction,  and  utiles   paynn  ul 

m  mado  before,  will  b«  sola  on  Uon  I  «    ri.    olovoi 
Augn  '.   1879,   to  pa\    the  dollnqu.  i.1    a  ■    ■ 

with  coat  ul  adTertlains  aud  ezpeoiTi  of  aalo     Bi  01  Lei  ol 
'I..  Board  ol  rru  \v.  u.  v.  ,L80J 

Office,  Room  B,  So  102  Front  Btreot,  Ban  Pranol        I  al 


Numa  Mining  Company.— Principal  Place 

ofbualne  a,  Ban  Franclaoo,  Callforuia.    Location  of  worlu 

Humboldt  County,  Nevada 

Notlco  Iflheroby  given  that  at  a  mooting  of  the  Board  at 
Dlr.  el  li  .  held  on  the  13th  day  of  June,  1879,  an  u 
[No.  li  ui  ii,i.  ,  Cent*  per  share  wae  levied  upon  the  capital 
stock  of  tbo  corporutlun.  |i;ivah!.-  ijinnedlately  In  United 
StijtL-.s  £..).  1  Tin.l  ,-ilv.t  -  --■  -i  j  i.  t,.  tli,  S,.MVl;in,  ;it  'rln,  ofl'ict-  yf 
'!"■  «.'"'im  ;."i,  X<-  :::,J  M.  ;.i  ■,-\,>.->-v  si..  s;,M  I  . :  ■  i . .  ■  i  .-■  f.,i 

Any  Btock  unou  wliidi  lliii  ii^f-s'inent  nli:tll  n  rn;i  paid 

on  the  21st  day  of  July,  1879,  will  be  delinquent,  end  adver- 
tised for  sale  at  public  aui  tlou,  and  unless  paymont  is  made 
Ik- fore,  will  i>o  *<M  on  Mmi  lay,  tlie  11th  day  ol  Auguat,  1879 
to  pay  the  delinquent  iwsei  iment,  together  vrith  coste  of  ud- 
rartlslng  and  expenses  of  eale, 

™,      ,™,,  DAVID  WILDEB,  Secretary 

Office,  328  Montgomery  St..  Room  21,  .Sun  Fronoioco,  Cal. 


A.  S.  HALLIDIE. 


Office,  No.  6  Ca 


/Imli^fnept 


CALIFORNIA  THEATER. 

Barton  &  Lawlor Manager. 

Barton  Hill, Acting  Manager. 

LESTER    WALLACK. 

Bush  Street,  above  Kearny.  Open  every  evening.  Box 
office  open  from  9  a.  m.  to  10  p.  m.  Seats  may  be  secured 
six  days  in  advance. 


BUSH  STREET  THEATER. 

Cuas.  E.  Locke Lessee  and  Manager 

JOSHUA    WHfTCOMB. 

Open  every  evening  and  Saturday  Matinee. 

BALDWIN'S  THEATER. 

I'HOMAS  MAGTJIRE Manager. 

F.  Lvstbr Acting  Manager. 

Chas.  H.  Goodwin Treasurer. 

J.  P.  Chapman Assistant  Treasurer. 

Miss  Rose  CogTilan,  Miss  Nina  Varian  and 
the  Regular  Company. 

Corner   Market  and     Powell     Streets.      Open    every 
evening"  and  Saturday  matinee.    Box  office  open  daily. 


Books  for  Miners  and   Millmen. 


Kustel's Roasting  of  Gold  and  Silver  Ores,  and 
the  extraction  of  their  respective  nietala  without  quicksilver. 
Illustrated.  142  pages.  1870.  A  valuable  and  carefully 
written  work.  Postpaid,  .¥2,50.  Published  und  sold  by 
Dewey  &  Co.,  S.  F. 

Kustel's  Concentration  of  Oreh  (of  all  kinds),  inclu- 
ding the  Chlorination  Process  for  gold-bearing  sulphurota, 
ar-jeniurets,  and  gold  and  silver  ores  generally,  v/iih  121) litho- 
graphic diagrams.  1867.  This  work  is  'lnenualed  by  any 
other  publish.;.!  cinbrsioinK  the  subjucta  treated.  Post-paid, 
37.50.    Printed  and  sold  by  Dewey  &  Co.,  S.  F. 

PHiLLirs'  Explorers,  Miners  and  Metallurgists 
Companion,  comprising  a  prat-tical  exposition  of  the  various 
departments  of  exploration,  mining,  ..ingincfring,  assaying 
and  metallurgy.  P72  pages  and  83  illustrations.  \.  most 
valuable  an.l  coiniiichi.'iiHiv.1  liuok  .<f  rufv-renct;  tu  prospectors 
and  practical  miners.  Post-paid,  glO  50  Hold  by  Dewoy 
&  Co.,  S.  F. 

Aaron's  Testing  and  Working  Silver  Orem.— Illus- 
trated. 1H  pages.  1876.  A  useful  and  practical  work,  free 
from  technicalities  and  extremely  serviceable  for  miners' use^ 
Post-paid,  82.    Published  and  sold  by  Dewey  &  Co.,  S.  F. 

Copp's  Handbook  or  Mining  La w*s.— Containing  thu 
U.  S.  Mining  Laws,  Digest  of  Decisions,  Forms,  etc.  1877. 
Pocket  size  and  very  hanily  and  convenient  for  miners. 
Post-paid,  SI-    Sold  by  Dewey  &,  Co.,  S.  F. 


r  in  aU  kind*  of 

Wire  Rope, 

Flat  and  Round,  forM'wirmJ^hipping, 
Hoisting  and  O^mT^tfposes. 

Having  th^moSt  carrtflete  .Vntlextenaivi 
Wis»*B>B  Wfcrks  id  thf>Hnited  Stilea,  I  am 
prxrArfHg  msa»fe£tuie  'WireEops  and  Cabla 
of  anj^Jsngtn  or  sizs  at  short  notico,  and  guar- 
aotoa  tha  cjuality  and  workmanabip  eaaal  to 
any  made  at  boms  or  abrf»»f*v 

Iron,  Steel-«^Gkva)lzerJ  Wire 

OI  al!  ^«?ea  oa,  oa&^orlnado  to  older. 


firs 


BUY  LAND 


Where  you  can  get  a  crop  every  year; 
where  you  will  make  something  every 
season;  where  you  are  sure  of  having  a  crop 
when  prices  are  high;  where  you  have  a 
healthy  place  to  live;  where  you  can  raise 
semi-tropical  as  well  as  other  fruits;  where 
you  can  raise  a  diversity  of  grain  aud  vege- 
tables aud  get  a  good  price  for  them.  Go 
and  see  the  old  Reading  Grant  (in  the 
upper  Sacramento  Valley),  and  you  will 
find  such  land  for  sale  in  sub-divisions  to 
suit  purchasers — at  reasonable  rates  aud 
on  easy  terms.  Send  stamp  for  map  and 
circular  to  Edward  Frisbie,  proprietor, 
(on  the  Grant),  Anderson,  Shasta  Co.,  Cal. 


The  Greatest  Invention  of  the  Age! 

MACKINNON   PEN. 

THE     NEW     WRITING     INSTRUMENT. 

24  Geary  St.,  San  Francisco. 


Barbie  dTFenc 

Sole  Proprif 

Hallidie! 

OrestEtcv 
iircnlar. 
A.  S.  HALLIDIE. 

Qffloe,  No.  6  California  St..  San  Francisco 

W.  T.   GARRATT'S 

BRASS  and  BELL  FOUNDRY 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 
MANUFACTURER  AND  IMPORTER  OF 

Church  and  Steamboat  BELLS  and  GONG8 
BRASS  CASTINGS  of  all  kinds, 
WATER  GATES,   GAS  GATES, 
FIRE  HYDRANTS, 

DOCK  HYDRANTS, 

GARDEN  HYDRANTS 

General  Assortment   ol    Engineers'   Findings. 

Hooker's    Patent 
Celebrated 

STEAM  PUMP 

itSTThe  Best  and  Moat 
Durable  iu  use.  Also, 
a  variety  of  other 


For  Mining  and  Farm- 
tag  Purposes. 

ROOT'S  BLAST  BLOWERS, 

For  Ventilating  Mines  and  for  Smelting  Works. 

HYDRAULIC    PIPES    AND     NOZZLES, 

For  Mining  Purposes. 

Garratt's    Improved    Journal    Metal. 

IMPORTER  OK 

IRON  PIPE  AND  MALLEABLE    IRON    FITTINGS. 

ALL   RINDS   OF 

WORK  AND  COMPOSITION  NAILS, 

AT  LOWEST  RATES. 

A     CARD. 

To    Parties    Interested    in    Mining 
and  Milling-. 

Call  at  J.  HENDY'S,  N.  E.  corner  of  Mission  and 
Fremont  Streets,  San  Francisco,  and  examine  COLEMAN'S 
PATENT  SLUICE.  It  will  save  both  float  and  flour  Gold. 
The  best  system  yet  devised.  No  power  required  to  work 
it.  Examine  it  and  judge  for  yourselves  before  purehas- 
ne;  elsewhere. 


CARR0LT0N 
Writing  Papers 

Notes,  Letters,  Legals  aud  Foolscaps,  all  weights. 
The  beat  Cheap  Paper  in  the  World. 

H.  S.  CROCKER  &  CO. 


Some  fine  sunny  offices  (next 
to  the  Press  office),  to  rent  (at 
very  reasonable  rates),  by  Dewey 
&  Co,,  at  202  Sansome  street, 
corner  of  Pine. 


507  Mechanical  Movements. 

Every  mechanic  Should  have  a  copy  of  Brown's  507  Me- 
chanical Movements,  illustrated  and  described.  Inventors, 
model  makers  and  amateur  mechanics  and  students,  will 
find  the  work  valuable  far  beyond  its  cost.  Sold  by 
Dewey  &  Co.,  Patent  Agents  and  publishers  of  Miking 
\md  Soiemtifio  Prbss,  San  Francisco.  Price,  §1,  (post  paid. 


406 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[June  21,   1879. 


Irop  and  (flachipe  foorfe 


THOS.  PENDERGAST. 


HENRY  S.  SMITH. 


yETNA   IRON    WORKS, 

MANUFACTURERS  OP 

IRON  CASTINGS 

and      MACHINERY 

OP  ALL  KINDS. 

Fremont  Street,  Bet.  Howard  and  Polsom, 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 


SACRAMENTO  BOILER   WORKS, 

214  &  216  BEALB  St.,  (rear  of  JElm  Foundry) 

J.  V.  HALL, 

PRACTICAL    BOILER    MAKER, 

Marine,  Stationary  and  Portable  Boilers,  Smoke  Stacks, 

Hydraulic  Pipe,   Oil  or  Water  Tanks,    Ore  and 

Water  Buckets,  Gasometers,  Girders,  Bridges 

and   Iron   Ship    Building. 

ALL    KINDS    OF   SHEET    IRON    WORK. 

Repairing   promptly   attended   to    at   the 
lowest    possible    terms. 


UNION  IRON  WORKS, 

SACRAMENTO,    CAL. 
ROOT,    NBILSON    &    CO., 

MANUFACTURERS  OF 

STEAM  ENGINES,  BOILERS  AND  ALL 

Kinds  of  Machinery  for  Mining  Purposes. 

Flouring  Mills',^  Saw  Mills'  and  Quartz  Mills'  Machinery 

constructed,   fitted  up  and  repaired. 

Front  Street,  Between  N  and  O  Streets, 

SACRAMENTO,     CAL. 


PHELPS 
MANUFACTURING    COMPANY, 

Manufacturers  of  all  kinds  of 

Wharf  and  Bridge  Bolts,   Railroad  Trestle 

Work,   Car  Frames  and  Bolts,  Machine 

Bolts,   Set  Screws    and   Tap  Bolts, 

Lag    or    Coach    Screws. 

ALL  STYLES   OF  FANCY  HEAD  BOLTS. 

HOT  AND    COLD    PRESSED    HEXAGONAL   AND 

SQUARE    NUTS,    WASHERS,    BOLT    ENDS, 

TURNBUCKLES,     ETC.,    ETC. 

13, 15  and  17  Drumm  St.,  near  California, 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 


Golden  State  &  Miners  Iron  Works, 

Manufacture  Iron  Castings  and  Machinery 
of  all  Kinds  at  Greatly  Reduced  Rates. 

STEVENSON'S  PATENT 

Mold-Board  AMALGAMATORS, 
Golden  State  Pressure  Blowers. 

First  St.,  between  Howard  &  Folsom,  S.  F. 


Wm.  H.  Birch.  John  Argall. 

California    Machine   Works, 
BIRCH,    ARGALL    &    CO., 

119  Beale  Street,  San  Francisco. 

jt3TGeneral  Mechanical  Engineers  and  Machinists. 
Steam  Engines,  Flour,  Quartz  and  Mining  Machinery. 
Sole  manufacturers  of  Brodie's  Patent  Rock  Crushers  and 
Steel-Faced  Tappits.  Steam,  Hydraulic  and  Sidewalk 
Elevators.     Repairing  promptly  attended  to. 


California    Brass    Foundry, 

No,  125  First  Street,  Opposite  Minna. 

SAN  FBANCISCO,  CAL. 

All  kinds  of  Brass,  Composition,  Zinc,  and  Babbitt 
Metal  Castings,  Brass  Ship  Work  of  all  kinds,  Spikes, 
sheathing  Nails,  Rudder  Braces,  Hinges,  Ship  and  Steam- 
boat Bells  and  Gongs  of  superior  tone.  All  kinds  of  Cocks 
and  Valves,  Hydraulic  Pipes  and  Nozzles,  and  Hose  Coup- 
lings and  Connections  of  all  sizes  and  patterns,  furnished 
with  dispatch.  ^PRICES  MODERATE. -^31 

J.  H.  WEED.  V.  KINGWELL. 


STEAM  ENGINES  AND  BOILERS 

Of  all  sizes — from  2  to  60-Horse  power.  Also,  Quartz 
Mills,  Mining  Pumps,  Hoisting  Machinery,  Shafting,  Iron 
Tanks,  etc.    For  sale  at  the  lowest  prices  by 

J.    HENDY,  49  and  51  Fremont  Street,  S.  P. 


THOMAS  THOMPSON. 


THORNTON  THOMPSON. 


THOMPSON    BROTHERS, 

EUREKA    FOUNDRY, 

129  and  131  Beale  St. ,  between  Mission  and  Howard,  S.  F 

MANUFACTURES  OF  CASTINGS  OF  EVERY  DESCRIPTION. 


WIND   Mill    <Jnc "[  "10  be8t  macle '"  ' liis  SUltc 

ft  HIV     If  1 1  ULi  for  sale  cheap  on  easy  terms.    Ad- 
dress, \V.  T.  care  ot  Dewey  &  Co.,  S.  F. 


GEORGE  W.  PRESCOTT. 


IRVING  M.  SCOTT. 


H.  T.  SCOTT.  2 


||nion    Iron   Works. 

Office,  61  First  St.  |  Cor.  First  &  Mission  Sts.,  S.  F.  |  p.   0.   Box,  2128. 

BUILDERS    OF 

Steam,    Air   and    Hydraulic    Machinery. 

Home  Industry.— All  Work  Tested  and  Guaranteed. 

Vertical  Engines, 
Horizontal  Engines, 
Automatic  Cut-off  Engines, 
Compound  Condensing  Engines, 
Shafting, 

TRY    OUR    MAKE,  CHEAPEST   AND    BEST    IN    USE. 
Send  for  Late  Circulars.  PRESCOTT,  SCOTT  &  CO. 


Baby  Hoists, 

Stamps, 

Ventilating  Pans, 

Pans, 

Rock  Breakers, 

Settlers, 

Self-Feeders, 

Retorts, 

Pulleys, 

Etc.,  Etc 

^W^illiam     Hawkins, 

(SUCCESSOR  TO  HAWKINS  &  CANTRELL). 

MA-O-BIIIsriE    WORKS, 

210  and  212  Beale  Street,  bet.  Howard  and  Folsom  Sts.,    -    -    San  Francisco. 

Manufacturer    of 

IMPROVED  PORTABLE  HOISTING  ENGINES, 

FOR   MINING   AND    OTHER    PURPOSES. 

Also  of  the    HAWKINS'    PATENT    ELEVATOR    HOIST,    for    HotelB,    Warehouses 
and    Public  Buildings. 

Stepi  Engines  and  all  Kinds  of  Mill  and  Mining  Machinery. 


Pacific  Rolling  Mill  Co., 

SAN    FRANCISCO,    CAL. 

MANUFACTURERS    OF 

RAILROAD  AND    MERCHANT  IRON, 

ROLLED  BEAMS,  ANGLE,  CHANNEL  AND  T  IKON,  BRIDGE  AND  MACHINE  BOLTS,  LAG  SCREWS,  NUTS 
WASHERS,  ETC.,  STEAMBOAT   SHAFTS,  CRANKS,  PISTONS,  CONNECTING   RODS,  ETC.,  ETC. 

Car  and  Locomotive  Axles  and  Frames,  and  Hammered  Iron  of  Every  Description. 

HIGHEST    PRICE    PAID    FOR    SCRAP    IRON. 

48"  Orders  Solicited  and  Promptly  Executed.  Office,  No.  16  FIRST  STREET. 


Fulton    Iron    TV^orks. 

Hinckley,  Spiers  &  Hayes. 


(ESTABLISHED   IN   1855.) 


Works,  Fremont  and  Howard  Sts.  |  San  Francisco,  Cal.  |  Office,  No.  213  Fremont  St. 


MANUFACTURERS    OF 


Marine  Engines  and   Boilers, 


Pans,  Settlers,  Furnaces,  Retorts,  Concentrators,  Ore 
Feeders,  Rock  Breakers,  Furnaces  for  Reducing  Ores 
Water  Jackets,  Etc. 


Sugar  Machinery. 


Crushing:  Rolls,  Clarifiers,  "Vacuum  Pans,  Air  Pumps, 
Concentrators,  Bag-  Filters,  Charcoal  Filters,  Blow-up 
Tanks,  Coolers  and  Receiving  Tanks. 


Propeller  Engines  either  High  Pressure  or  Com- 
pound Stern  or  Side  Wheel  Engines. 

Mining  Machinery. 

Hoisting  Engines  and  Works,  Cages,  Ore  Buckets,  Ore 
Cars,  Pumping  Engines  and  Pumps,  Water  Buckets, 
Pump  Columns,  Air  Compressors,  Air  Receivers, 
Air   Pipes. 

Mill  Machinery. 

Batteries  for  Dry  or     Wet  Crushing,     Amalgamating 
PnflinPC    and     Rnilorc   of  all  kinds,  either  for  use  on  Steamboats  and  made  in  accordance  with  the 
UIIIJIIICO     allU     DUIIClO   Act  of  Congress  regulating  the  same,  or  for  use  on  land.  Water  Pipe,  Pump 
or  Air  Column,  Fish  Tanks  for  Salmon  Canneries  of  every  description. 
Boiler  repairs  promptly  attended  to  and  at  very  moderate  rates. 


Miscellaneous  Machinery. 


Flour  Mill  Machinery,  Saw  Mill  Engines  and  Boilers, 
Dredging  Machinery,  Oil  Well  Retorts,  Powder  Mill  Ma- 
chinery, Water  Wheels.- 


PACIFIC    IRON    WORKS, 

First  and  Fremont  Streets,  between  Mission  and  Howard,  San  Francisco,  Cal., 
RANKIN,    BRAYTON    &    CO., 

Manufacturers    of 

ENGINES,  BOILERS,    MARINE    AND    STATIONARY.      PUMPING,    HOISTING,  AND    MINING    MACHINERY 

INCLUDING  BATTERIES,  AMALGAMATING  PANS  AND  SETTLERS,  CONCENTRATORS,  ORE  FEEDERS, 

CRUSHING  ROLLS  AND  ROCK  BREAKERT.    ALSO,  WATER  JACKET  SMELTING  FURNACES, 

FOR  REDUCING  LEAD,  SILVER   AND    COPPER   ORES,  QUICKSILVER   FURNACES, 

RETORTS  AND  CONDENSERS,  ROASTING  AND  CHLORIDI2ING  FURNACES, 

SUGAR    MILL    MACHINERi",  WATER    WHEELS,  Etc.,  ALL    OF    THE 

LATEST  AND  MOST  IMPROVED  CONSTRUCTION. 

Agents  for  the  Allen  Engine  Governor,  Bailey  Air  Compressor,  Howell's 
Improved  White  Furnaces,  "Walker's  Compound  Steam  Pumps,  Etc. 


"TOTestem  Iron  Worlds, 

316     and     318     Mission     Street,     San     Francisco, 

PERRY  EDWARDS,  Prop'r. 

Manufacturer  of  Wrought  Iron  Girders,  Trusses,   Prison   Cells,  Iron  Roofs,  Crest 
Railings,  Finials,  Fences,  Weathervanes,  Gratings,  Iron  Work  for  Models,  Etc. 

Nickel  Plated  Railings.        Bank  and  Store  Fittings.       Estimates  given  and  Iron  Work  furnished  for  Buildings. 

Dewey  &  Co.  { sanlSe st } Patent  Ag'ts.  |     Engraving  done  at  this  office, 


'[Corner  Beale  and  Howard  Sts., 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 

W.  H.  TAYLOR,  Pres't.  JOSEPH  MOORE,  Sup't. 

Builders.of  Steam  Machinery 

In  all  its  Branches, 

Steamboat,  Steamship,  Land 

Engines  and  Boilers, 

HIGH  PRESSURE  OR  COMPOUND. 

STEAM  VESSELS!  of  all  kinds,  huilt  complete  with 
Hulls  of  Wood,  Iron  or  Composite. 

ORDINARY  ENGINES  compounded  when  ad- 
visable. 

STEAM  LAUNCHES,  Barges  and  Steam  Tugs  con- 
structed with  reference  to  the  Trade  in  which  they  are 
to  be  employed.  Speed,  tonnage  and  draft  of  water 
guaranteed. 

STEAM  BOILERS.  Particular  attention  given  to 
the  quality  of  the  material  and  workmanship,  and  none 
but  first-class  work  produced. 

SUGAR  MILLS  AND  SUGAR-MAKING 
MACHINERY  made  after  the  most  approved  plans. 
Also,  all  Boiler  Iron  Work  connected  therewith. 

WATER  PIPE,  of  Boiler  or  Sheet  Iron,  of  any  size 
made  in  suitable  lengths  for  connecting  together, 
Bheets  rolled,  punched,  and  packed  for  shipment  ready 
to  be  riveted  on  the  ground. 

HYDRAULIC  RIVETING.  Boiler  Work  and 
Water  Pipe  made  by  this  establishment,  riveted  ,by 
Hydraulic  Riveting  Machinery,  that  quality  of  work 
being  far  superior  to  hand  work. 

SHIP  WORK.  Ship  and  Steam  Capstains,  Steam 
Winches,  Air  and  Circulating  Pumps,  made  after  the 
most  approved  plane. 

PUMPS.  Direct  Acting  Pumps,  for  Irrigation  or  City 
Water  WorkB  purposes,  built  with  the  celebrated  Davy 
Valve  Motion,  superior  to  any  other  Pump. 


San  Francisco  Pioneer  Screen  Works 

J.  W.  QUICK,  Manufacturer, 

Several  first  premiums  received 
for  Quartz  Mill  Screens,  and  Per- 
forated Sheet  Metals  of  every 
description.  I  would  call  special 
attention  to  my  SLOT  CUT  and 
SLOT  PUNCHED  SCREENS, 
which  are  attracting  much  at- 
tention and  giving  universal 
satisfaction.  This  is  the  only 
establishment  on  the  coast  de- 
voted exclusively  to  the  manufac- 
ture of  Screens.  Mill  ownera  using  Battery  Screens  exten- 
sively can  contract  for  large  supplies  at  favorable  rates. 
Orders  sollcitedand  promptly  attended  to. 

32  Fremont  Street,  San  Francisco. 


Electric  Model  &  Machine  Works 

Inventors  and   others  can  pet  First-Class 
Work  at  Moderate  Prices. 

After  10  years  experience  with  inventions  and  other 
mechanical  work,  I  am  fully  prepared  to  execute  draw- 
ings, working-models  and  fine  machinery  of  any  descrip- 
tion to  entire  satisfaction. 

Brass  Finishing,  Pattern  Making,  Gear  Cutting,  Tele- 
graphic and  other  Electrical  Apparatus  by  competent 
workmen. 

TELEPHONES    TO    ORDER- 

F.  W.  FULLER,  415  Market  Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


Main    Street    Iron    Works, 

WM.    DEACON,    PROPRIETOR. 

Nos.  131, 133  &  135  Main  St.,  San  Francisco. 

Stationary  and  Marine  Engines, 

Shafting,  Pulleys,  and  General  Machine  Work.  Jobbing 
and  repairing  done  Promptly  and  at  Lowest  Rates. 
Screw  Propellors,  Propellor  and  Steamboat  Engines. 

SAW  MILLS  and  SAW  MILL  MACHINERY. 


3KT.At.*irioair^iL.x. 

SAFETY  PAPER 

FOR  CHECKS,   DRAFTS,  ETC. 

A  sure  protection  against  the  raisinp  of  Checks  and  Drafts. 
Merchants  should  have  their  Checks  and  Drafts  printed 
on  this  paper  for  self-protection. 

H.  S.  CROCKER  &  CO. 

Ayents  for  the  Pacific  Coast, 


GOLD    MINE    WANTED. 

One  now  paying  more  than  expenses.    Addres 

W.    S.    KB  YES,    M.    B., 
No.  310  Pine  St.,  Room  42,  San  Francisco 


Mining    Books. 

Orders   for   Mining   and  Scientific  Books  in    general 
will  be  supplied  through  this  offico  at  published  rates. 


June  21,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


407 


►  •' 


m\ 


XM^^uliouk.CHlCAQO  \  ILL. 


Union  Brass  Foundry  ad  Mechanical  Work  Shop. 


GIOVANKINI  &   CO., 


417  and  419  Mission  Street. 


SAN  FRANCISCO. 
o 

The  attention  of  our  eustomen  and  especially  of  those  Interested  In 
Water  Works,  Qaa  Works  or  Mines  in  respectfully  called  to  our  very  im- 
portant Improvement  in  the  construction  of  .Stop  Valves  (or  elates).  They 
differ  from  nil  others  iii  that  tin.-  inner  faces  are  perfectly  parallel,  there- 
row  when  the  Cute  or  Valve  tato  be  opened,  at  the  lir^t  1n1.1v1-11n.-11t  of  the 
screw  the  center  block  (soe  cut)  releases  the  disks  from  their  bearings,  so 
that  they  will  move  easily  ami  prevent  the  (rearing  "( the  inner  faces 

This  Gate  has  Droved  very  efficient  In  Pipes  of  all  sizes,  and  under  any 
pressure  and  from  it*  double  form  ami  perfect  joint  formation  Is  especially 
valuable  for  use  in  large  ripen  tor  water,  steam  and  gas,  and  from  Its 
avoidance  of  any  wedge  shape  cannot  jam  at  any  point  (see  cut). 

The  «..  A  It.  Valves  (or  Gates)  have  no  equal  In  simplicity  of  construc- 
tion of  all  working  parts,  ease  of  accesa'for  repairs,  and  durability. 

We  have  recently  enlarged  and  Sited  up  our  Braea  foundry  and  Shop 
with  all  lb'-  latest  improved  Tools  and  Machinery,  thus  greatly  Increasing 
onr  facilities  for  rapidly  executing  orders  for  all  sizes  01  Stop  Valves  (or 
Gates)  from  three-inch  to  four  feet  in  diameter,  or  any  size,  to  order.  We 
guarantee  them  to  f,dve  better  satisfaction,  cost  less  money,  and  last 
longer  than  any  other  Valve  in  use. 

Weareal  10  prepared  to  execute  all  orders  in  Brass  Work  P>r  Breweries, 
Distilleries,  Clumbers,  Gas  and  Mining  Apparatus,  Ship  Work,  Soda  Ap- 
paratus. Steam  Fittings.  Me.  tern,  Gannt-s  and  Indicators.  Also  In  Machine 
Pattern  ami  Model  Making-,  ami  Clock  World  Hear  cut  to  ordir.  Bras3 
Castings  of  all  kinds.  We  are  confident  of  our  ability,  and  all  orders  en- 
trusted to  ua  will  be  executed  with  promptness  and  dispatch. 

GIOVANNINI  &  CO.,  417  &  419  Mission  St ,  S.  F. 

Liberal  Discount  to  the  Trade.  £d7"fjeiid  for  Circular 


Dunham,  Carrigan  &  Go,, 

Nos.  107, 109  &  111  Front  Street,  S.  F. 
Lathe  Without  Saw  Attachments. 


2~s 

el  Si  »  £ 

Ills 
bit* 


THE  CALIFORNIA  POWDER  WORKS. 


MANIFACTUKLHS  OF 


Sporting,  Cannon,  Mining,   Blasting  and 

HERCULES  POWDER 

HERCULES  POWDER  will  break  more  rock,  is  stronger,  safer  and  better  than  any  other 
Explosive  in  use,  and  is  the  only  Nitro-Glycerino  Powder  chemically  compounded  to  neutralize 
the  poisonous  fumes,  notwithstanding  bombastic  and  pretentious  claims  by  others. 

It  derives  its  name  from   Hkhcules,  the  most  famous  hero  of  Greek  Mythology,  who  was  gifted  with  superhuman 

strength.    On  one  occasion  he  slew  several  giants  who  opposed  him,  and  with  one  Mow  of 

his  club  broke  a  high  mountain  from  summit  to  base. 


No.  1    XX>  is  the  Strongest  Explosive  Known. 
No.  2  is  superior  to  any  powder  of  that  grade, 

PATENTED  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE. 

ORDERS  RECEIVED  FOR  HERCULES  CAPS  AND  FUSE. 
JOHN  F.  LOHSE,  SECY. 

Office,  No.  230  California  Street,  -  -  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


SAVE   YOUR    GOLD! 


Highly  Important  to  Miners  and  Quartz  Mill  Men! 

SILVER    PLATED    AMALGAMATING    PLATES. 

The  best  process  yet  discovered  for  saving  tine  or  float  gold.  Extensively  used  with  great 
Buccess  in  gravel  and  placer  mining  in  various  parts  of  the  Pacific  Coast.  Over  five  hundred 
orders  have  been  filled,  and  the  demand  is  constantly  increasing.  A  large  number  of  these  Plates 
were  sent  to  Snake  River  mines,  Idaho,  last  year,  and  a  great  many  orders  are  being  filled  for 
them  this  season.  Circulars  containing  full  instructions  for  working  these  Plates  sent  with  each 
order.  Old  Mining  Plates  bought  or  taken  in  exchange  for  new  Silver  Plated  Platey,  and  full 
value  allowed.  Gold  extracted  from  old  Plates  at  a  moderate  cost  by  a  new  and  economical  pro- 
cess. Old  Platea  (which  often  contain  a  surplus  of  gold  above  the  cost  of  plating)  can  be  re-plated. 
With  the  most  extensive  facilities  on  the  Pacific  Coast,  orders  can  be  filled  very  promptly 
and  satisfaction  guaranteed. 

Mining  Men  and  the  public  generally  are  cautioned  against  unprincipled  and  irre- 
sponsible parties  traveling  through  the  country,  endeavoring  to  secure  orders  for  very 
inferior  qualities  of  Silver  Plated  Mining  Plates. 

SAN  FRANCISCO  GOLD,  SILVER,  NICKEL  AND  COPPER  PLATING  WORKS, 

Nos.   653  and  655   Mission  Street,   San  Francisco,   Cal. 
EDWARD    G.    DENNISTON, PROPRIETOR. 


STEEL 
CASTINGS. 


From  1-4   to   10,000  lbs.  "Weight. 

True  to  pattern,  sound  and  aolid,  of  unequaled  Btrength.  toughness  and  durability. 
An  invaluable  substitute  for  forcings  or  cast-iroj  requiring  three-fold  strength. 
Gearing  of  all  kindB,    Shoes,   Dies,    Hammerheads.   Crossheada  for  Locomotives,  etc. 
12.UU0  Urank  Shafts  of  this  Steel  now  running  pmved  superior  to  wrought  irou. 
CRANK  SHAFTS.  CROSSHEADH  and  GEARING,  specialties. 
Circulars  and  Price  Lists  free.    AddreBB 

Chester  Steel  Castings  Co. 

Works,  Chester,  Pennsylvania.       407  Library  St.,  Philadelphia 


S3  3S 


1:3  £  § 

w  rt  g  " 
C  a)  e-g 

.O   A   U   O 

mil 

•5  -3 -a     s 


•8  ^a 


il& 


3*  <  c 


gas 


Priceof  Lathe'w  thout  Saw  Attachments M6.        Price  of  Lathe  with  Scroll  Saw  Attachment S55. 

Trice  of  Lathe  with  hoth  Scroll  and  Circular  Saws,  870. 


Trump    IDzrill    OIitjlcIs.. 


Chuck  for  drills  J  and  under. 
Price $1.50 

Chuck,  for  drills  J  and  under. 

Price 82.25 

They  are  made  on  solid  steel 

plug,  centered  and  readily  fitted 

to  Lathe  or  Drill  Press. 

SEND    FOR    CIRCULAR. 


HYDRAULIC  GRAVEL  ELEVATORS, 

For  working  flat 
gravel  mines  that 
have  no  dump. 

Sluices  gravel  and 
water  up  hill  on  an  ga 
angle    of    45°,    and  fc-Q  N 
will  run  any  kind  of  g— ]  tj 
gravel  that  will  run -tfr 

rocks  aTeasy  as  fine  dirt,  and  will  raise  as  much  material  as  the  water  will  carry  off  in 
on  6  inches  grade  to  12  feet.  .  ,  ?    .      ..     ,f 

No   bedrock  cuts,  tunnels  or  drains  required.     Machine   a  sufficient   drain   itself, 
process  of  mining  the  same  as  any  other  hydraulic  mine.     Is  now  a  practical  success   m 
places  in  California  and  Oregon.     Send  for  descriptive  circular  to 

CTOSBITTj^    ZHHEILSriDY, 

No.  51  Fremont  Street,  Office  of  the  Hydraulic  Gravel  Elevating  Mining  Co. 


a  Hume 


aud  tlio 
various 


s.  F. 


r.    m    TilTNKiF  J.  SANDERSON 

D    F    HUTCH1NGS.  D.  M.  DLNNE. 

zphzcehstiix:  oil  wo:r,:k:s, 

HUTCHINGS    &     CO., 

OIL    and    COMMISSION    MERCHANTS, 

Manufacturers  and  Dealersin  Sperm,  Whale,  Lard,  Machinery  and  Illuminating  Oils. 
617    FRONT    STREET,    SAN    FRANCISCO. 


408 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


f  June  21,   1879. 


— *a!1* 


Machinery  Depot, 


No.  417  Market  Street,  San  Francisco. 


NO.   7    IMPROVED 

A.IR  compressor. 


s*Tp- 


With  Adjustable  Cut-off  Poppet  Valve  Engine,  and  Forced  Iron  Crank  ShaftB. 


SPECIAL    ADVANTAGES. 

■  Absoluts  certainty  in  the  action  of  the  valves  at  any  speed.  Perfect  delivery  of  the  air  at  any 
speed  or  pressure.  The  heating  of  the  air  entirely  prevented  at  any  pressure.  Takes  less  vater  to 
cool  the  air  than  any  other  Compressor. 

Power  applied  to  the  best  advantage.  Access  obtainable  to  all  the  valves  by  removing  air  chest 
covers.  Kntire  absence  of  springs  or  friction  to  open  or  shut  the  valves.  No  valve  stems  to  break 
and  drop  insido-of  cylinders. 

Havo  no  back  or  front  heads  to  break.  The  only  Machine  that  makes  a  perfect  diagram.  No 
expensive  foundations  required.     Absolute  economy  in  first  cost  and  after  working. 

Displacements  in  air  cylinder  perfect.  Showing  less  leakage  and  friction  than  our  competitors 
and  a  superior  economy  of  about  20  per  cent. 

Small  Sizes  made  in  Sections  not  to  Exceed  300  lbs. 


MANUFACTURED  UNDER  A.   NOBEL'S  ORIGINAL  AND  ONLY  VALID  NITROGLYCERINE  PATENTS 

Nos.  ONE,    TWO    and    THREE. 

Stronger,    Better  and  Safer  than  any  other  High  Explosive. 


JtacLsoii    TPow^er 

IS  NOW  USED  IN  ALL  LARGE  HYDRAULIC  CLAIMS. 
It  breaks  more  ground,  pulverizes  it  better,  saves  time  and  money,  and  is    superseding 
powder  wherever  it  is  tried.    iJ2TTriple  Force  Caps  and  all  Grades  of  Fuse. 


the    ordinary 


BANDMANN,  NIELSEN    &    CO., 

SAN    FRANCISCO,    CAL. 


^  VULCAN  BLASTING  POWDER. 


The^Strongest,  Safest,  Most  Uniform  and  Reliable  "HIGH 
EXPLOSIVE"  Manufactured  on  the  Coast. 

MINERS  TESTIFY  THAT  IT  IS   FREE   FROM  OBJECTIONABLE  FUMES. 

We  call  the  attention  of  all  desiring  such  a  Powder  to  our  various  grades,  which 
we  are  prepared  to  sell  at  LOWEST  RATES. 

hl«      -I   Equalling;  Liquid  Nitro-Glycerine  in  Strength.    We  recommend  thia 

nili     I  •        Grade  in  extremely  hard  rock,  boulders,  iron,  etc. 

Ma     O  Will  do  the  work  thoroughly  in  all  but   the   hardest   kinds    o! 

WO,    £■ roek. 

Ma     Q  For   bench  work,   pipe-clay,  soft  and  shelly   rock,  outside    work 

l»U»    <J.        an(i  quarrying. 

Single  and  Triple  Force  Caps,   Fuse  of  all  Grades,  Vulcan 

Powder  Thawing;  Boxes,  Batteries  and  Exploders, 

For  Sale  at  the  Lowest  Rates. 

VULCAN    POWDER    COMPANY, 


PATENT 


Lin-rai  nil 

Prevents  Lead  Poisoning 
and  Salivation. 


INVALUABLE  to  those  engaged  in  Dry  Crushing 
Quartz  Mills,  Quicksilver  Mines,  Guano 
Works,  White  Lead  Corroding',  Feeding 
Threshing*  Machines  and  all  occupations  where  the 
surrounding  atmosphere  is  filled  with  dust,  obnoxious 
smells  or  poisonous  vapors.  The  Respirators  are  sold 
subject  to  approval  after  trial,  and  if  not  satisfactory  the 
price  will  dp.  refunded.  Price  $3  each,  or  $30  per 
dozen.    Sent  post-paid  to  any  address  upon  receipt  of  price 

SETH  MARSHALL,  Jr.,  Agent, 

309   California  Street,    San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Send  for  Descriptive  Circulars  containing  testimonials 
of  well-known  parties  who  are  at  present  using  them. 


The  FRUE  ORE  CONCENTRATOR. 

Adams  &  Carter,  Agents. 


Testimonials  as  to  the  perfect 
working  of  the  Concentrator  to  he 
seen  at  the  office. 


JOHN    M.    ADAMS.  WM.     F.    OABTER 

MINING  AND  MECHANICAL  ENGINEERS. 

Room  7,   No.  109  California  St.,  San  Francisco.     P.  O.  Box  2,06 


FOR    SAXiE. 

THE  MACHINERY   AND   PLANT 

—  OF  THE  — 

HOPE    IKON    WORKS, 

—  CONSISTING  OK  — 

Pattern,  Machine  and  Blacksmith  Shop, 
AND  FOUNDRY. 

Address  THE  HOPE  IRON  WORKS, 
Potrero,  San  Francisco. 


This  paper  is  printed  with  Ink  furnished  by 
Chas.  Eneu  Johnson  Si  Co.,  SOS  South  10th 
St.,  Philadelphia  &  69  Gold  St.,  N.  T. 


CAST    AND    FORGED 

STEEL   SHOES 

and   DIES, 

CAMS    AND    TAPPETS, 

Blake  and  other  Ore  Crushing  Plates,  Etc  , 
for  Quartz  Mills.    Also 

Steel    Cranks   and   Castings 

Of  every  description.     For  Circulars  and  prices  apply  to 

J.    L.    HULL, 
401    Market    Street,   San    Francisco. 


CLAYTON  STEArVTEUMP  WORKS 

-    1.4- AND  IS.TlYATER  STREET,  BR©OKLVN/NvV::-' 


Office,  123  California  Street,  Rooms  25  and  5 


SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL 


Pioneer  Plating:  ^W^orks. 


MANUFACTORY    OF 

Silver  Plated  Amalgamating  Plates, 

For  Quartz  Mills  and  Gravel  Claims.     Are  prepared  to  furnish  any  size  Plate  promptly  and  satisfaction  guaranteed. 

Old  Copper  Plates  purchased,  Plated  or  the  Gold  Extracted  by  the  most-complete  process, 

at   small    cost,    and   the   copper  saved. 

JOHN    MORRISON,   Proprietor. 

No.   717   Mission   Street,  near  Third,      -      -      -      -      -      SAN    FRANCISCO.    CAL. 


PIANOS! 


LOWEST  PRICES, 

EASIEST    TERMS    OP    PAYMENT, 

MOST  RELIABLE  INSTRUMENTS.  Old  Pianos  taken  as  first 
payment  for  new.  All  Instruments  fully  wan-anted.  Tuning  and 
Repairing.    Pianos  at  Wholesale. 

WALTER  S.  PIERCE.  30  New  Montgomery  St.,  Palace  Hotel,  S.  F. 


N.    W.    SPAULDING-'S 


1      IIP 


PATENT   DETACHABLE  TOOTH    SAWS, 

Manfuactory.  17  &  19  Fremont  St.,  S.  F. 


Superior  Wood  and  Metal  Engrav- 
ing, Electrotyping  and  Stereotyp- 
ing done  at  the  office  of  the  Mining 

and  Soikntifig  Press,  San  Francisco,  at  favorable  rates. 

Send  stamp  for  our  circular  and  samplea. 


Engraving. 


W.    BRUCKNER, 
Mining    Engineer, 

Will  Contract  for  the  erection  of 

MILLS,    ROASTING    FURNACES,     SMELTING     FUR- 
NACES, AMALGAMATING  WORKS, 
—  ALSO  — 

LEACHING  WORKS, 

With  all  the  Latest  Improvements.  Address 

STATE  ASSAY  OFFICE, 

Safe  Deposit  Building,  Room  16,  San  Francisco. 


CAUTION ! 
To  Section  Chimney  Builders, 

All  chimneys  on  which  joint  bands  with  cement,  or  its 
equivalent,  are  used  to  make  the  joint  smoke  and  tire-proof. 
■with  rods,  clamps,  or  their  substitutes,  to  brace  the  chimneys 
to  the  buildings,  are  INFRINGEMENTS  on  my  patents. 
My  patents  for  sectiorfhl  chimneys  have  been  sustained  in 
every  instance. 

J.  BROWELL, 
Pioneer  Chimney  Builder, 

442  Jackson  St.,  S.  F.,  and  1200  Broadway,  Oakland 


Am  Illustrated  Sqwf 


BY    DEWKY    «te    CO., 

^lilillslHi's. 


SAN  FRANCISCO,  SATURDAY,  JUNE  28,  1879. 


VOLUME    SXXVIII 

Number    30. 


Earthquakes.— No.  1. 

The  late  eruption  of  Mount  .-Etna,  the  present 
disturbed  condition  of  Vesuvius,  and  the  quite 
recent  earth  tremors  perceived  on  our  coast, 
afford  an  occasion  for  calling  attention  to  the 
subject  of  earthquakes  and  their  explanation, 
effects,  etc. 

It  has  been  through  the  labors  of  Robert  Mal- 
let, of  England,  that  this  subject  has  assumed  a 
scientific  shape,  and  its  importance,  with  a 
view  to  avoid  the  direful  effects  of  Nature's 
throes,  cannot  be  over-estimated  in  this  utilita- 
rian age. 

The  great  complexity  of  earthquake  pheno- 
mena, and  their  secret  origin  deep  within  the 
bowels  of  the  earth,  have  produced  during  all 
ages  so  much  surprise  and  alarm,  that  the 
human  mind  has  been  unfitted  for  scientific  ob- 
servations. Until  twenty  years  ago  the  state 
of  knowledge  on  this  subject  was  much  the  same 
as  it  was  2,000  years  ago.  Yet,  in  the  sho/t 
period  of  twenty  years,  our  knowledge  of  earth- 
quakes is  even  greater  than  that  of  volcanoes. 

Mallet  has  collected  the  records  of  6,830 
earthquakes  as  occurring  in  3,456  years  previous 
to  1850,  but  of  that  number  3,240  occurred  in 
the  last  fifty  years  ;  not  because  they  are  be- 
coming more  numerous,  but  because  the  records 
are  more  perfect.  Taking  the  last  four  years  of 
Mallet's  record,  the  number  of  earthquakes  was 
about  two  a  week.  Alexis  Perry,  in  a  more 
complete  record  from  1843  to  1872,  inclusive, 
mentions  17,249  or  575  per  annum.  It  would 
seem  probable,  that  as  the  larger  number  of 
earthquakes  are  not  even  now  recorded,  because 
they  occur  in  mid  ocean  or  uncivilized  regions, 
the  earth  is  constantly  quaking  in  some  portion 
of  its  surface. 

It  cannot  be  doubted  that  a  close  connection 
exists  between  earthquakes  and  volcanoes.  Ex- 
plosive volcanic  eruptions  are  always  preceded 
and  accompanied  by  earthquakes,  and  earth- 
quake shocks  which  have  continued  to  trouble 
a  particular  region  for  a  long  time,  suddenly 
cease  when  an  outburst  occurs  in  a  neighboring 
volcano,  showing  that  the  latter  are  safety- 
vents  for  the  interior  forces  which  produce 
earthquakes. 

According  to  the  present  well  -  sustained 
theory  of  the  molten  or  plastic  condition  of  our 
inner  earth,  and  the  consequent  supernatant 
condition  of  the  earth's  crust,  earthquakes  are 
intimately  connected  with  the  bodily  move- 
ments of  great  areas  of  the  earth's  crust,  by 
elevation  or  depression,  and  hence  it  happens 
that  earthquakes  occur  with  great  violence  in 
regions  very  remote  from  volcanoes.  It  should 
always  be  born  in  mind  that  volcanoes  are  not 
the  causes  of  earthquakes,  but  that  a  volcano 
may  be  created  by  an  earthquake.  In  order  to 
simplify  the  idea  sought  to  be  impressed  upon 
the  mind,  we  have  only  to  imagine  that  the 
earth's  crust  is  not  a  continuous  mass  in  which 
there  is  no  break,  but  it  is  a  broken  up  and  ir- 
regular crust  of  inorganic  matter,  supported  by 
and  subject  to  the  movements  of  the  igneous, 
molten  matter  upon  which  it  floats.  We  could 
give  many  instances  of  regions  being  depressed 
or  elevated,  but  we  refer  only  to  the  mountain 
in  Georgia,  which  is  now  gradually  sinking.  In 
fact,  the  crust  of  the  earth  is  in  continual 
movement  by  elevation  or  depression  almost 
everywhere.  Partaking  on  a  large  scale  of  the 
same  motion  perceived  in  a  ship  on  the  ocean 
swayed  by  the  constant  swell  of  the  waves,  this 
motion  is  the  remote  cause  of  earthquakes,  while 
the  proximate  cause  of  the  observed  effects  of 
the  earthquake  is  the  arrival  of  a  shock  or 
earth-jar,  a  sudden  interference,  as  it  were, 
with  the  oscillation  of  the  earth's  crust. 

To  more  clearly  illustrate  our  meaning,  we  are 
compelled  to  allude  to  some  of  the  principles 
concerning  waves.  As  to  their  propagation, 
waves  are  either  of  gravity  or  of  elasticity  ;  as 
to  direction,  they  are  either  transverse  or  longi- 
tudinal ;  and  as  to  form,  may  be  regarded  as 
circular  or  BphericaL 

Gravity  and  circular  waves  are  always  of 
transverse  vibration;  spherical  waves  are  of  lon- 
gitudinal vibration,  while  waves  of  elasticity 
are  either  longitudinal  or  transverse.  _  It  _  is, 
however,    principally    of    elastic    longitudinal 


waves  that  we  shall  speak,  and  state  as  a  prin- 
ciple that  all  waves  propagated  from  a  point 
within  a  medium  such  as  sound  waves,  are 
elastic  spherical  waves  of  longitudinal  oscilla- 
tion. The  sense  in  which  they  are  used  is  illus- 
trated in  Fig.  1.  The  bar,  A,  B,  represents  a 
prism  cut  from  a  vibrating  sphere  in  the  direc- 
tion of  the  radius,  and  the  light  and  dark  por- 
tions represent  condensation  and  rarefaction. 
Now,  on  the  line  a,  b,  representing  the  natural 
state  of  the  bar,  draw  ordinates  above  to  repre- 
sent the  degrees  of  compression,  and  below  to 
represent  degrees  of  rarefaction;  then  the  undu- 
lating line  will  correctly  represent  the  state  of 
the  bar  during  the  transmission  of  elastic  lon- 
gitudinal waves.  The  compressed  portions  are 
called  crests,  and  the  most  rarefied  troughs  as 
in  transverse  waves,  such  as  ocean  waves. 
From  crest  to  crest  is  the  length,  and  the 
amount  of  oscillation  of  the  particles  back  and 
forth  in  compression  and  rarefaction  is  the 
hight  of  the  wave.  The  velocity  of  ivater-waves 
depends  wholly  upon  the  ivave-lenr/th,  while  the 
velocity  of  elastic  or  earthquake  waves  depends 
wholly  upon  the  elasticity  of  the  medium.  Thus 
the  harmony  of  a  full  band  of  music  is  perfect 


imental  ground.  Mallet  determined  experi- 
mentally the  velocity  of  elastic  earth-waves  by 
exploding  a  barrel  of  gunpowder  buried  in  the 
earth  at  a  known  distance,  and  noting  the  dif- 
ference between  the  instant  of  explosion  and 
the  arrival  of  the  earth  tremor,  and  it  was  also 
observed  in  the  Hell  Gate  explosion  in  New 
York  harbor.  In  sand  the  velocity  was  found 
to  be  825  feet;  in  slate,  1,225  feet,  and  in  gran- 
ite 1,6G5  feet  per  second  or  19  miles  per  minute. 
As  to  their  effects,  earthquakes  are  generally 
divided  into  three  kinds,  viz:  the  explosive, 
the  horizontally  progressive  and  the  vorticose. 
In  the  first  a  violent  motion  directly  upward 
breaks  up  the  earth  crust,  and  bodies  on  the 
surface  are  thrown  high  in  the  air.  The  shock 
is  violent  but  does  not  extend  to  any  great  dis- 
tance. It  was  an  earthquake  of  this  kind  which 
destroyed  Riobamba  in  1797.  The  shock  came 
suddenly,  like  the  explosion  of  a  mine,  the  earth 
was  broken  up  and  rent  asunder,  and  objects 
lying  on  the  surface  were  thrown  violently  up- 
ward; bodies  of  men  were  hurled  several  hun- 
dred feet  in  the  air,  and  afterward  found  across 
a  river  and  on  top  of  a  hill.  In  such  an  earth- 
quake the  focus  is  not  deep,  and  the  velocity  of 

6 


Fig. 

1. 

Longitudinal    Waves. 

£ 

a                   i        C      *Z 

s 

III 

'((( 

(■  X 

Fig.    2.    Surface   Waves. 


!  JL  mill  I 


//MjCa 


i         C 
Fig.    4.    Wave    Outcrop. 


Fig.    3.    Reflected   Waves. 

THEORY    OF    EARTHQUAKE    WAVES    ILLUSTRATED. 


even  at  a  great  distance,  because  all  the  sounds 
whether  loud  or  soft  run  with  the  same  velo- 
city, and  the  only  difference  in  earth- waves  is 
that  when  the  medium  is  not  uniformly  elastic, 
and  the  waves  or  vibrations  are  high,  the 
medium  is  broken  by  the  passage  of  the  waves, 
elasticity  is  diminished,  and  the  waves  retarded. 

Let  us  suppose  a  concussion  or  explosion  of 
any  kind  to  occur  at  a  considerable  depth 
{x,  Fig.  2),  say  20  miles  beneath  the  earth- 
surface,  S,  S,  a  series  of  elastic  spherical  waves 
will  be  generated,  expanding  with  great  rapid- 
ity in  all  directions  until  they  reach  the  surface 
at  a.  From  this  point  of  first  emergence  the 
still  enlarging  waves  would  outcrop  in  rapidly 
expanding  waves,  which  we  call  the  surface- 
waves,  as  shown  in  Fig.  2  at  a,  b,  c,  d,  etc. 
This  surface-wave  would  not  be  a  normal  wave. 
It  would  be  only  the  outcropping  or  emergence 
of  the  ever-widening  spherical-wave  on  the 
earth-surface.  Both  'its  velocity  of  transit  along 
the  surface,  and  the  direction  of  its  vibration  in 
relation  to  the  surface,  will  vary  constantly. 

It  will  be  readily  understood  that  the  earth- 
waveB  do  not  cease  at  the  surface,  but  continue 
through  the  lighter  medium,  the  air  which  sur- 
rounds and  is  a  part  of  the  earth.  They  may, 
and  it  is  probable  that  they  do  continue  to  the 
outer  limit  of  the  atmosphere  until  they  again 
meet  and  become  infinity.  We  know  their  ac- 
tion up  to  and  at  the  point  of  emergence  at  the 
earth's  surface,  beyond  that,  is  debatable,  exper- 


the  wave  or  shock  is  not  impeded  before  it 
emerges. 

The  vorticose  earthquake  causes  a  whirling 
motion  of  the  earth,  entirely  different  from  or- 
dinary wave-motion,  the  three  kinds,  although 
seemingly  essentially  distinct  and  possibly  pro- 
duced by  different  causes,  only  differ  from  each 
other  on  account  of  the  different  conditions 
under  which  the  waves  emerge  on  the  surface. 
The  causes  are  the  same  but  the  variations  of 
the  medium  produce  variable  results  as  to  visi- 
ble characteristics. 

The  horizontally  progressive  may  be  regarded 
as  the  true  type  of  an  earthquake,  and  is  the 
spreading  surface  wave  delineated  in  Fig.  2,  at 
a,  b,  c,  d,  etc.  These  quakes  usually  run  along 
mountain  chains,  which  generally  consist  of  a 
granite  axis,  flanked  on  each  side  with  Btrati- 
fied  rocks  of  many  different  kinds.  When 
elastic  waves  pass  from  one  medium  to  another 
of  elasticity,  a  part  of  the  waves  passes  through, 
but  a  part  is  always  reflected.  For  every  layer 
a  reflection  occurs;  and  hence,  if  there  are 
many  such  layers,  the  waves  are  quickly 
quenched.  In  Fig.  3,  which  represents  a  trans- 
verse section  across  such  a  mountain,  and  X  the 
focus  of  an  earthquake,  it  is  evident  that  only 
that  portion  of  the  spherical  wave  which 
emerged  along  the  axis,  a,  would  reach  the 
surface  successfully;  while  those  portions  which 
struck  against  the  strata  of  the  flanks  would  be 
partially  or    wholly  quenched.     The   mode  of 


outcrop  on  the  surface  iB  shown  in  the  map- 
view,  Fig.  4,  in  which  a  is  the  point  of  emer- 
gence or  spectrum,  b,  c,  the  granite  axis,  and  c,  c, 
the  Btratified  flanks. 

The  velocity  of  surface  waves  is  about  20 
miles  a  minute,  although  some  have  been  re- 
corded as  high  as  30  to  35  miles  per  minute,  and 
in  some  slight  shocks  occuring  in  New  England, 
several  years  ago,  the  velocity  as  determined 
by  telegraph,  was  estimated  as  high  as  140 
miles  per  minute.  The  amazing  difference  be- 
ing caused  by  the  fact  that  heavy  shocks  {large 
and  high  waves)  break  the  medium,  and  are  re- 
tarded as  has  been  said,  while  slight  tremors 
(small  and  low  waves)  are  successfully  trans- 
mitted without  rupture,  and  therefore  run  with 
the  natural  velocity  belonging  to  the  medium,  i. 
e.,  the  velocity  of  sound,  which  in  granite  iB 
about  140  miles  per  minute. 

This  interesting  Bubject,  the  illustrations  for 
which  are  selected  from  Le  Conte's  "  Elements 
of  Geology,  published  by  D.  Appleton  &  Co., 
N.  Y.,  will  be  continued  in  another  article. 


Close  of  the  Volume. 


This  number  closes  Volume  XXXVIII.  of 
the  Mining  and  Scientific  Pbess.  The  prac- 
tical results  are  in  the  main  manifested  in  the 
index  on  the  laBt  page.  We  have  not  confined 
ourselves  exclusively  to  mining  matters,  but 
have  devoted  much  care  and  attention  to  the 
manufacturing  and  general  scientific  interests  of 
this  coast.  Whatever  has  been  of  value  to  our 
mining  and  mechanical  interests  we  have  pro- 
cured and  inserted  in  our  columns,  drawing, 
therefore,  upon  the  best  scientific  publications 
of  the  world,  and  from  special  sources  of  infor- 
mation. Particularly  we  have  been  desirous  of 
furnishing  information  of  value  to  our  indus- 
trial classes.  Our  aim  is  still  higher,  and  we 
are  determined  not  to  leave  any  means  untried 
to  develop  our  resources  and  awaken  a  justifi- 
able pride  in  all  of  our  institutions,  whether  for 
their  improvement  or  amendment,  or  for  the 
adoption  and  introduction  of  new  features.  As 
a  new  volume  will  commence  with  the  next 
number,  we  regard  it  as  a  favorable  opportunity 
for  subscribers  to  send  in  their  names,  and  for 
old  subscribers  to  renew  their  interest  in  a  pub- 
lication devoted  to  the  industrial  progress  of 
this  coast.  New  and  valuable  matter  will  ap- 
pear in  every  issue,  and  we  shall  not  spare  any 
effort  to  make  our  journal  a  necessity  to  all  of 
our  industries.  The  period  of  depression 
through  which  we  are  passing  has,  we  believe, 
reached  its  climax,  and  more  favorable  times 
will  soon  enable  us  to  press  onward  to  the  fu- 
ture goal  which  awaits  us  in  the  development  of 
our  resources,  so  recently  begun. 

The  "Jeannette." —  Bennett's  exploring 
steamer  Jeannette,  after  making  a  satisfactory 
trial  trip  at  Vallejo,  is  now  at  the  wharf  in  this 
city.  On  next  Tuesday  she  will  Btart  on  her 
perilous  voyage  to  the  Polar  sea,  escorted  as  far 
as  Onnalaska  by  the  U.  S.  steamer  Alaska,  and 
escorted  to  sea  by  the  entire  fleet  of  the  San 
Francisco  Yacht  Club  as  a  mark  of  respect  to 
Mr.  Bennett  and  Captain  De  Long,  who  are 
both  members  of  the  New  York  Yacht  Club. 
It  will  be  remembered  by  our  readers  that  the 
projector  of  this  the  first  Polar  expedition  from 
this  coast  is  James  Gordon  Bennett,  of  the  New 
York  Herald,  who  purchased  and  fitted  out  the 
vessel  at  his  own  expense,  and  will  bear  all  the 
expenses  of  the  voyage.  Mr.  Bennett  turned 
the  vessel  over  to  the  United  States  Govern- 
ment, and  it  was  placed  in  charge  of  Lieutenant 
G.  W.  De  Long,  of  the  Navy,  who  brought  her 
to  San  Francisco  via  the  Straits  of  Magellan. 
Since  her  arrival  here  she  has  been  strengthened 
at  everv  point  to  endure  the  perils  of  an  Arctic 
voyage^  her  engine  overhauled  and  extra 
care  and  attention  devoted  to  its  perfection. 
Mr.  Bennett  has  not  spared  any  expense  to 
make  the  vessel  the  most  complete  in  strength 
and  outfit.  In  fact,  no  exploring  expedition 
ever  started  under  more  favorable  auspices,  and 
it  remains  to  be  seen,  as  it  is  hoped,  whether 
suecesB  will  attend  the  efforts  of  private  capital 
to  reach  the  North  Pole  by  way  of  the  Golden 
Gate. 


410 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[June  28,  1879. 


VORRESPONDENOE. 


We  admit,  unendorsed,  opinions  of  correspondents. — Eds. 


Fish  Farming. 

Editors  Press: — I  am  very  much  interested  in  the  cul- 
ture of  fish,  and  appeal  to  you  for  information  regarding 
it.  Is  it  too  late  in  the  year  to  obtain  young  fish?  What 
kind  would  thrive  best  in  a  pond  having  a  constant  sup- 
ply of  fresh  water?  From  whom  could  I  get  them,  and 
at  what  cost?  By  answering  the  above  you  will  confer  si 
great  favor.— E.  A.  Braly,  Santa  Clara,  Cal. 

There  is  no  farm  having  a  spring,  brook  or 
slough,  upon  it,  or  even  having  a  windmill 
pumping  water,  that  cannot  be  made  to  yield  a 
supply  of  good  food  fish  for  the  use  of  a  family 
and  a  surplus  for  sale.  There  are  many  farms 
in  this  State  where  fish  are  cultivated.  Mr. 
Davis,  at  Brighton,  in  Sacramento  county,  on 
the  high,  dry  plains,  is  largely  in  the  cultiva- 
tion of  fruit  and  berries  which  are  irrigated  by 
windmills.  He  has  thrown  up  an  embankment 
about  a  couple  of  acres,  and  the  surplus  water 
pumped  by  his  windmills  runs  into  the  pond 
thus  made.  This  pond  is  about  three  feet  deep. 
He  procured  a  few  fish  from  the  Sacramento 
river,  two  years  since,  and  now  estimates  that 
he  has  of  old  and  young  more  than  one  hundred 
thousand  fish.  The  late  Mark  Hopkins  pro- 
cured a  few  Sacramento  River  perch  and  nine 
catfish,  five  years  since,  and  placed  them  in  a 
slough  on  his  farm  in  Sutter  county.  This 
slough  now  contains  myriads  and  supplies  not 
only  the  inhabitants  of  the  farm  but  all  of  the 
people  in  the  vicinity.  Mr.  Felts,  of  San  Mateo 
county,  has  a  farm  in  the  hills  of  that  county 
and  constructed  a  reservoir  for  irrigation  and 
for  the  use  of  his  house  and  barns.  He  placed 
in  the  reservoir  trout,  salmon  and  land-locked 
Balmon.  It  is  becoming  fully  stocked,  and  in 
another  year  could  be  made  a  source  of  revenue. 
Mr.  Clippinger,  the  railroad  agent  at  Brighton, 
uses  as  a  pond  about  half  an  acre  of  an  excava- 
tion from  which  the  earth  was  dug  for  the  rail- 
road embankment.  A  windmill  supplies  this 
with  water.  From  a  few  dozen  catfish  placed 
in  this  pond  last  winter  he  estimates  that  he 
now  has  more  than  five  thousand.  Francis  Fran- 
cis, Seth  Green,  Livingston  Stone,  Fred  Mather 
and  other  writers  on  fish  culture  have  proven 
that  an  acre  of  water  cultivated  to  fish  will 
yield  four  times  the  profit  that  can  be  obtained 
from  an  acre  of  land.  The  water  requires  plant- 
ing but  once,  the  crop  cares  for  itself  and  has 
neither  to  be  housed  nor  fed.  The  State  Fish 
Commissioners  inform  us  that  many  farmers 
have  written  them  and  obtained  instructions, 
and  are  stocking  their  waters  with  appropriate 
fish.  They  state  that  the  interest  in  local  fish 
culture  is  much  more  extended  among  farmers 
than  we  had  supposed. 

To  answer  Mr.  Braly's  questions,  almost  all 
water  is  suitable  for  some  kind  of  food  fish. 
But  to  answer  what  kind  of  fish  Bhould  be  placed 
in  a  given  piece  of  water  it  is  necessary  to  know, 
first :  Is  the  water  moderately  pure  ?  What  is 
itB  highest  temperature  in  summer  ?  Is  its  bot- 
tom rocky,  muddy  or  sandy  ?  If,  as  we  sup- 
pose, your  pond  is  on  the  level  land  at  Santa 
Clara,  with  a  mud  bottom,  then  the  best  fish 
would  be  carp,  which  you  can  obtain  from  A.  J. 
Poppe,  Santa  Rosa,  or  Levi  Davis,  Forestville, 
Sonoma  county,  and  Schuylkill  catfish  and  Sac- 
ramento perch,  which  you  can  obtain  from 
Henry  Pither,  Sacramento.  A  letter  to  one  of 
the  State  Fish  Commissioners,  describing  your 
pond,  temperature  of  its  water,  source  of  supply, 
etc. ,  with  a  request  for  information  as  to  the 
most  appropriate  fish  and  where  they  can  be  ob- 
tained, will,  we  have  no  doubt,  be  promptly 
answered. 


eight-stamp  mill  with  Hendy's  concentrators 
attached,  operated  by  a  twenty  horse-power 
steam  engine ;  also  boarding-house,  lodging- 
houses,  blacksmith  shop,  stable,  etc. 

The  developments  made  here  consist  of  the 
following  :  A  tunnel  has  been  run  on  the  Sugar 
Pine  location,  commencing  some  two  hundred 
feet  below  the  crown  of  the  hill,  and  extending 
along  the  vein  some  three  hundred  feet,  being 
all  the  way  in  good  paying  ore,  from  three  to 
four  feet  in  width  the  entire  distance.  From 
this  tunnel  continuing  down  in  the  pay  chute, 
"A"  "B"  and  "  C"  have  been  sunk.  They 
are  situated  100,  200  and  300  feet  from  mouth 
of  tunnel,  and  have  reached  the  depth  of  40,  60 
and  75  feet  respectively.  These  shafts  have 
produced  rich  rock  and  sufficiently  developed 
the  lode  to  demonstrate  its  permanent  character 
and  establish  that  if  properly  worked  it  can- 
not fail  to  yield  large  profits. 

It  is  the  intention  of  the  new  owners  to  erect 
both  reduction  and  hoisting  works  complete  the 
tramway  from  tunnel  to  mill,  and  sink  a  shaft 
from  the  crown  of  the  hill  to  intersect  the  tun- 
nel and  "C"  shaft. 

The  future  of  this  company  is  flattering  and 
the  time  not  distant  when  they  may  reasonably 
expect  to  reap  a  liberal  return  for  the  money 
they  have  here  expended. 

No  section  of  the  State  affords  better  induce- 
ments for  engaging  in  quartz  mining  than  Mari- 
posa county.  The  ledges  here  are  well  defined, 
large  and  permanent,  and  wherever  worked  with 
system  and  care  have  yielded  good  profits. 

In  the  vicinity  of  the  Bondurant  property  are 
located  the  following  mines,  vu. ,  the  Martin  & 
Walling,  the  Hasloe,  Cook,  Brothers,  Washing- 
ton, Princess,  Ferguson,  Coulterville,  Eureka, 
Merced,  Allen,  Champion,  Last  Chance,  McAl- 
pin  and  the  extensive  property  of  the  Pino 
Blanco  Mining  Association. 

Some  eight  miles  distant  is  situated  the  estate 
of  the  Mariposa  Land  and  Mining  Company,  the 
Hite  mine,  noted  for  its  large  and  profitable 
production  of  bullion,  and  its  present  splendid 
prospects,  being  distant  about  seven  miles. 
From  this  it  will  be  seen  that  the  Bondurant 
lies  in  an  excellent  neighborhood. 

With  the  promise  of  fresh  capital  matters 
look  exceedingly  favorable  for  this  vicinity,  and 
in  my  next  communication  I  will  submit  addi- 
tional details  that  will  serve  to  acquaint  the 
public  with  the  superior  facilities  presented  by 
this  district  for  those  desirous  of  engaging  in 
legitimate  mining  enterprises. 

Berwick. 
Coulterville,  June  20th,  1S7£». 


Letter  from  Mariposa  County. 

Editors  Press:  —  Mining  matters  in  this 
county  have  again  assumed  a  lively  and  hopeful 
aspect.  The  active  operations  now  being  pur- 
sued by  Joshua  Hendy,  of  your  city,  who  is  the 
owner  of  the  Bonderetta  mine,  has  encouraged 
others  to  make  fresh  and  early  exertions  to  de- 
velop the  numerous  rich  locations  that  center 
within  a  radius  of  20  miles  from  this  attractive 
and  growing  town. 

The  Bonderetta  mine  is  indeed  fast  proving  a 
literal  bonanza  to  its  present  owner.  With  the 
new  ten-stamp  mill  recently  erected  by  Mr. 
Hendy,  the  net  profit  per  day  approximates 
closely  $250,  and  when  the  tunnel  now  being 
run  is  carried  some  900  feet  further  into  the 
mountain,  it  will  present  a  face  of  ore  about 
1,500  feet  in  length,  conferring  upon  this  prop- 
erty a  value  verging  upon  a  quarter  of  a  million 
dollars.  Should  the  ore  continue  to  increase  in 
richness  as  it  promises  to  do,  its  value  may  rea- 
sonably be  estimated  at  a  still  higher  figure. 

A  great  deal  can  truthfully  be  said  in  favor  of 
the  Bondurant  mines,  comprising  three  locations, 
each  possessing  an  area  of  1,500  by  600  feet,  all 
located  on  a  well-defined  and  continuous  lode. 
These  mines  are  distant  one  aud  one-half  miles 
from  the  Bonderetta  mine  and  ten  from  the 
town  of  Coulterville.  Recently  these  mines 
have  come  under  the  management  of  San  Fran- 
•  cisco,  New  York  and  Boston  parties,  who  have 
incorporated  under  the  name  of  the  "Bondurant 
Gold  and  Silver  Mining  and  Reduction  Com- 
pany." The  property  of  the  company  consists 
of  the  three  locations  mentioned,  and  known 
respectively  as  the  Sugar  Pine,  Bondurant  and 
Bondurant  Extension. 
There  is  connected  with  the  property  a  good 


Utah  Mineral  Wax. 

Mr.  M.  V.  Ashbrook  writes  to  the  Salt  Lake 
Tribune  as  follows  concerning  the  great  paraffine 
fields  of  that  region:  The  mines  are  situated  in 
Utah  and  San  Pete  counties,  west  of  the 
Pleasant  Valley  coal  fields.  Arriving  at  the 
mines,  I  found  such  a  formation  and  contour  of 
country  as  is  usually  found  in  countries  where 
coal  is  abundant  and  precious  metals  are  want- 
ing. Immediately  above  the  paraffine  mines  I 
found  an  extensive  bed  of  slaty  shale  or  rock, 
strongly  impregnated  with  petroleum.  This 
bed  of  shale  is  30  or  40  feet  thick,  and  the 
stratum  can  be  traced  for  miles.  The  shale  is 
of  some  value  for  the  oils  contained  in  it. 
Below  the  shale  is  a  belt  or  stratum  of 
"very  soft  friable  'sandstone  of  from  7  to  12 
feet  in  thickness.  In  this  belt  of  sandstone  the 
mineral  wax  is  found.  The  surface  does  not 
show  a  continuous  vein  like  silver  ores  running 
parallel  with  the  stratum  of  the  rock,  or  in  the 
general  direction  of  the  mineral  belt.  While 
the  sandstone  runs  parallel  with  the  Bhale 
stratum  the  paraffine  is  found  in  small  veinlets 
cropping  the  sand  stratum.  The  sand  stratum 
is  divided  in  sections  and  in  the  interstices  of 
these  sections  the  wax  is  found.  There  is  also 
found  in  the  wax  veinlets  a  peculiar  and  very 
soft  clay.  The  width  of  the  wax  in  these  out- 
croppings  varies  in  different  seams  from  one  to 
seven  inches.  In  some  instances  the  clay  in  the 
interstices  displaces  the  wax,  at  other  places 
the  wax  compresses  or  presses  aside  the  clay 
and  occupies  the  space  between  the  harder 
rocks. 

Below  the  sandstone  there  is  a  soft  slaty  rock 
which  breaks  in  blocks  when  removed,  and 
seems  to  be  the  hanging  wall  to  the  belt  of 
mineral.  The  outcroppings  so  far  as  discovered 
have  been  located.  Little  work  has  been  done 
to  determine  what  is  in  the  depths  below.  In 
no  place  did  I  see  a  hole  beyond  the  depth  of 
eight  feet.  The  extent  of  wax  can  only  be 
determined  by  development.  From  the  surface 
indications,  I  judge  that  there  is  an  extensive 
deposit  of  this  paraffine  and  that  as  depth  is 
attained  the  veinlets  will  consolidate  into  a 
large  body  or  deposit.  The  formation,  and 
more  especially  the  impregnation  of  rocks  and 
soil,  leads  me  to  this  conclusion.  As  to  the 
uses  the  arts  and  sciences  will  make  of  this  wax, 
though  it  be  in  abundance,  I  am  little  informed. 
It  will  be,  if  not  now,  a  useful  and  merchant- 
able article,  but,  I  opine,  echo  is  asking  when? 
The  indications  are  good  and  petroleum  will  be 
found  in  the  wax  country.  That  article  has 
been  utilized. 


The  Good  Time  Coming. 


The  Old  Colony  railroad,  of  Massachusetts, 
is  having  Beveral  cars  built,  in  which  the 
windows  are  made  to  swing  outward  like  a  pair 
of  double  doors,  hinged  upon  a  narrow  upright 
rod,  running  perpendicularly,  in  the  center  of 
the  window  aperture.  The  object  is  to  give 
passengers  fresh  air  without  an  admixture  of 
cinders, 


[Written    for    the    Mining    akd    Scientific    PaB3K   by 
Almarin  B.  Paul.] 

At  no  time  since  the  opening  of  the  Comstock, 
which  electrified  the  world  with  its  wonderful 
production,  has  there  been  such  a  brilliant  out- 
look as  is  now  looming  up  for  our  mining  indus- 
try. On  every  hand  there  is  awakening  a  re- 
newed spirit  of  enterprise,  industry  and  hope. 
Eastern  as  well  as  home  capital  is  on  the  move 
through  our  mountain  ranges,  seeking  invest- 
ment. Old  claims  are  being  re-staked,  re-onened 
and  made  to  develop  their  worth.  Our  moun- 
tains are  beginning  to  reverberate  with  the 
echoes  of  the  working  of  new  machinery,  and  the 
faces  of  our  old  miners  smile  with  the  cheer  of 
the  coming  golden  era. 

Not  only  is  renewed  interest  awakening  in 
California,  but  all  over  the  Eastern  and  West- 
ern States  is  growing  a  spirit  for  mining  ven- 
tures. And  is  it  strange  that  it  should  be  so, 
when  our  mines  have  made  more  millions  than 
any  other  pursuit,  and  built  so  many  palaces  of 
beauty  and  blocks  of  such  substantial  wealth. 
New  York,  Chicago  and  St.  Louis  are  beginning 
to  pour  out  their  surplus  millions,  and  soon  we 
will  see  these  great  cities  the  peer  of  San  Fran- 
cisco in  their  mining  operations.  That  San  Fran- 
cisco embodies  all  the  dash,  enterprise,  wealth 
and  pluck  for  mining  ventures,  is  only  to  be  har- 
bored in  minds  of  limited  experience. 

Well  does  your  humble  servant  remember  the 
opening  of  Lake  Superior,  and  the  mining  fever 
of  that  time,  and  how  New  York,  Boston,  in 
fact,  how  the  East  and  the  West  poured  forth 
their  millions  of  money,  and  men  of  skill,  enter- 
prise and  worth.  Again,  we  all  know  how  it 
was  on  the  opening  of   California. 

We  may  look  at  our  palaceB  and  substantial 
blocks,  built  by  successful  mining  ventures,  but 
let  us  look  also  to  the  great  coal  and  iron  inter- 
est of  Pennsylvania.  It  is  not  for  us  on  this 
coast  to  underrate,  but  to  appreciate  and  draw 
by  our  best  endeavors  this  capital,  tact  and  en- 
terprise, for  without  it  we  may  loose  much. 
California  and  Nevada  are  having  formidable 
rivals  for  this  wealth  and  enterprise  in  Colo- 
rado and  New  Mexico,  to  say  nothing  of  Vir- 
ginia, North  and  South  Carolina.  What  has 
awakened  this  the  present  new  spirit  for  mining 
East,  is  not  only  our  vast  production,  but  the 
fact  of  such  rich  discoveries  as  those  of  Lead- 
ville,  Colorado,  which,  in  silver,  is  expected, 
and  bids  fair  to  rival  the  Comstock  in  its  pro- 
duction, as  well  as  the  gold  discoveries  in  the 
various  sections  of  the  great  mineral  belt  ex- 
tending southward. 

California  and  Nevada  have  a  great  record  for 
mineral  productions,  which  is  a  guarantee  for 
the  future,  and,  as  full  security  for  mining  capi- 
tal, which  endeavors  to  move  where  there  is  the 
surest  backing  (independent  of  the  well-known 
sections  of  our  State),  our  new  mining  regions 
in  the  main  belt  of  the  Sierra  Nevada  promise 
much.  I  mean  all  that  section  of  country  off  of 
Bodie  and  extending  southward  the  whole  line 
of' the  Nevada  to  Walker's  pass — a  chain  over 
200  miles  in  length.  And  I  unhesitatingly  pre- 
dict that  this  vast  belt,  whose  peaks  tower  from 
8,000  to  12,000  feet  in  hight,  will,  in  less  than 
a  quarter  of  a  century,  be  the  seat  of  such  stu- 
pendous mining  works  that  nothing  of  our  pres- 
ent will  be  the  equal.  This  chain  of  mountains 
possesses,  with  its  mineral  lodes  of  great  pro- 
portions, advantages  for  wood  and  water,  and 
in  localities  water  for  power,  capable  of  running 
500  stamps  and,  in  the  coming  future,  mills  of 
100  stamps  each  will  be  the  rule  and  not  the 
exception,  as  now.  Tioga,  Prescott  and  Lake 
districts  are  but  the  beginning  of  this  vast  un- 
developed mineral  field.  Not  only  are  there 
advantages  of  wood  and  water,  but  facilities  for 
mining  are  excellent.  The  Mammoth,  of  Lake, 
with  a  tunnel  700  feet  in  length,  gives  1,000 
feet  of  "backs"  on  the  lode.  As  to  quality  of 
ore,  it  is  sufficient  to  say  it  "is  pay."  The 
same  may  be  said  of  the  True  Blue,  and  others. 
Then  again,  in  the  ranges  lying  first  to  the  east, 
but  in  the  State  of  Nevada  and  extending  south- 
ward to  the  borders  of  Arizona,  is  a  vast  region 
of  silver  wealth,  with  lodes  of  great  proportions 
and  richness,  but  which,  for  the  lack  of  capital, 
have  laid  for  all  these  years  untouched. 

It  is  in  these  sections  of  California  and  Ne- 
vada "rich  discoveries"  will  be  heralded  every 
little  while,  and  there  will  be  merit  in  the  re- 
ports. Twelve  years  agol  explored  much  of  this 
whole  region  for  hundreds  of  miles  north  and 
south,  and  know  whereof  I  speak.  That  there 
is  a  good  time  coming,  I  argue  from  two  stand- 
points, first  that  surplus  capital  from  the  East 
and  West  is  going  into  mining,  it  cannot  be  sat- 
isfied with  four  per  cent,  per  annum;  there  is 
too  little  in  that  to  satisfy  the  restless  spirit 
and  greed  of  Americans,  and  what  industry 
promises  the  return  of  mining  with  caution,  ex- 
perience, and  its  accumulated  advantages.  As 
the  New  York  Herald  once  observed,  what  in- 
dustry could  stand  the  same  expense  of  mining 
with  its  rates  of  labor.  It  would  have  ruined 
every  other  pursuit. 

I  argue  it  further  from  the  fact  that  our  skill 
is  now  great;  our  experience  more  complete,  as 
well  as  the  vast  strides  in  mechanical  devices, 
and  whereby  tunnels  are  driven  by  steam  or 
water  power,  instead  of  by  hand. 

The  powerful  yet  cheap  explosives  which  are 
made  often  to  uplift  whole  hills  at  a  single 
blast,  while  "giants"  melt  and  wash  off  the  au- 
riferous earth  as  snow  banks  before  a  scorching 
sun.  Not  only  this,  but  while  too  many  still 
cling  to  a  wasteful  system  of  milling  our  ores 


there  are  improvements  in  every  class  of  milling 
machinery,  and  which,  at  less  expense  than 
formerly,  returns  a  much  higher  per  cent.  From 
all  this,  to  say  nothing  of  the  reduction  in  the 
price  of  labor,  I  argue  a  good  time  coming. 

As  to  our  new  Constitution,  and  the  assured 
favorable  legislation  in  favor  of  mining,  there 
will  be  given  a  guarantee  for  mining  capital  to  a 
degree  which  it  never  yet  has  had  on  this  coast. 

The  people  have  grappled  with  the  corruption 
of  the  past  and  conquered,  and  while  there 
will  be  strong  opposition  to  villainous  specula- 
tive measures,  there  will  be  care  to  foster  hon- 
est mining,  and  to  throw  guards  around  both 
home  and  foreign  capital  for  its  better  security. 

From  all  these  points  I  argue  a  great  mining 
revival,  and  that  capital  will  not  only  soon  be 
plentiful,  but  that  it  will  be  rewarded,  if  only 
moderate  care  is  exercised;  and  it  should  be  the 
desire  of  all  to  make  every  foreign  investment 
remunerative,  that  we  may  not,  as  in  times  past, 
by  rascally  deception,  kill  the  goose  that  lays 
the  golden  egg,  for  the  incoming  of  foreign  cap- 
ital will  enhance  our  prosperity  and  help  to 
open  the  coming  golden  era. 

San  Francisco,  June,  1879. 


Cold  Waves  and  Their  Causes. 

The  climate  of  the  United  States,  especially 
the  eastern  portions  of  it,  is  subject  to  great 
and  rapid  changes.  These  are  caused,  in  many 
instances,  by  the  large  extent  of  surface  over 
which  its  territory  extends,  and  the  difference 
in  the  amount  of  solar  heat  received  in  different 
parts.  When  large  bodies  of  snow  have  been 
deposited  in  the  north,  the  wind  sweeping  over 
them  is  deprived  of  its  heat,  and  a  lower  tem- 
perature is  the  result.  When  windB  from  more 
southerly  latitudes  occur,  the  reverse  takes 
place.  The  vicinity  of  the  large  oceans  which 
margin  the  continent  of  North  America  on  the 
east  and  west  also  tend  to  produce  a  change, 
water  parting  with  its  heat  less  readily  than 
the  land.  In  addition  to  these  the  current  of 
warm  water  thrown  along  the  east  coast  of  the 
United  States  by  the  Gulf  stream,  and  in  the 
Pacific  by  the  Sea  of  Japan, also  exerts  a  power- 
ful influence  on  the  climate  of  the  regions  ad- 
jacent to  the  shores  touched  by  them.  In  the 
great  valley  of  the  Mississippi  the  cold  wave 
usually  has  its  origin  in  the  ice  and  snow- cov- 
ered countries  directly  north,  and  periods  of 
drouth  by  winds  from  the  south. 

In  European  countries  the  cultivation  of  the 
soil  and  the  removal  of  timber  have  produced 
important  climatic  changes,  and  the  same  has 
been  noticed  in  the  United  States.  Our  winters 
have  not  so  much  severe  weather  as  occurred 
in  the  early  settlement  of  the  continent,  but  it 
takes  place  more  suddenly  and  to  a  greater  ex- 
tent. This  is  easily  accounted  for,  aB  the  eur- 
face  of  the  country,  when  denuded  of  timber, 
presents  less  obstruction  to  the  advance  of 
storms,  and  also  affords  a  greater  diversity  of 
exposure  in  its  surface  to  the  rays  of  the  sun, 
and  becomes  more  readily  and  differently  heated. 
As  is  well  known,  wind  is  nothing  more  than 
air  rushing  in  to  restore  the  equilibrium  which 
has  been  disturbed  by  expansion  caused  by  heat, 
and  when  the  air  thus  moving  is  loaded  with 
snow  or  other  vapor,  this,  when  meeting  with 
air  of  a  different  temperature,  condensation 
takes  place  and  rain  or  snow  is  deposited. 

The  influence  of  these  sudden  changes  on 
health  is  a  subject  for  the  investigation  of  med- 
ical men  and  philanthropists.  That  it  has 
much  to  do  in  causing  physical  infirmities  can 
not  admit  of  a  doubt.  A  change  of  40  degrees 
of  temperature,  such  as  occurred  ou  January  2d, 
must  aggravate  all  diseases  of  the  pulmonary 
organs,  and  hence,  perhaps,  the  extent  and  fa- 
tal effects  of  consumption  in  the  Eastern  and 
many  of  the  Western  States. 

Countries  in  which  the  temperature  is  nearest 
uniform,  whether  it  be  high  or  low,  are  general- 
ly least  afflicted  by  diseases  which  arise  from 
exposure  to  the  extremes  of  heat  and  cold; 
while  almost  every  portion  of  the  habitable 
globe  is  subject  to  visitations  from  maladies 
which  produce  disease  and  death.  These 
generally  arise  from  local  causes,  such  as  stag- 
nant water  and  large  quantities  of  animal  and 
vegetable  matter  undergoing  decomposition. 
They  do  not  extend  to  large  areas,  and  in- 
stances of  longevity  in  such  countries  are  not 
uncommon.  The  lengthening  day  and  the  res- 
toration to  a  state  of  rest  of  the  disturbed 
atmosphere  will  cause  the  cold  waves  to  be  in 
a  manner  temporary;  but  so  long  as  large  bodies 
of  ice  and  snow  are  spread  over  the  Great  Lakes 
and  large  portions  of  the  North  and  West,  the 
recurrence  of  these  waves  of  cold  may  be  ex- 
pected to  prevail. — The  Meteorologist. 


Cooling  Hot  Journals. — Von  Heeren  pro- 
poses a  method  of  cooling  hot  journals  by  a  mix- 
ture of  sulphur  and  oil  or  grease.  The  fine 
metal  dust  formed  when  a  journal  runs  hot,  and 
which  strongly  acts  upon  both  journal  and  bear- 
ing, forms  a  sulphide  of  sulphur.  This  com- 
pound, which  grows  soft  and  greasy,  does  not 
cause  any  appreciable  amount  of  friction.  It 
has  been  very  successfully  used  by  the  steamers 
of  the  North  German  Llovds. 


Black  Polish  on  Iron  and  Steel.— To  ob- 
tain that  beautiful  deep  black  polish  on  iron 
or  steel  which  is  so  much  sought  after,  it  is 
required  to  boil  one  part  of  sulphur  in  ten  parts 
of  oil  of  turpentine,  the  product  of  which  is  a 
brown  sulphuric  oil  of  disagreeable  smell.  This 
should  be  put  on  the  outside  as  slightly  as  pos- 
sible, and  heated  over  a  spirit  lamp  till  the  re- 
quired black  polish  is  obtained. 


June  28,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


411 


ECHANICAL 


g 


ROGRESS. 


The  Austrian  System  of  Milling, 

PlOP.    KfMft  new  wurk  on   Hitting.] 

High  milling— or,  as  it  is  also  called,  Vienna, 
Austrian,  Hungarian,  Prague,  or  Saxony  mill- 
ing— ia  that  method  of  grinding  wheat  which, 
by  a  gradual  reduction  or  tho  grains  of  wheat, 
aims  at  producing  the  largest  quantity  of  mid- 
dlings, which,  being  cleaned,  reground,  and 
again  cleaned,  etc.,  and  consequently  gradually 
reduced,  is  tinally  manufactured  into  Hour.  This 
system  of  grinding,  which  originated  in  Vienna, 
produces  the  most  beautiful  and  the  whitest, 
and  generally  the  finest  kindBof  flour,  in  pro- 
portionately larger  quantities.  In  tho  Austrian 
system  of  grinding,  the  Btones  arc  placed  at  such 
a  distance  from  each  other  that  the  first  time 
the  grain  passes  through  thein  it  is  only  slightly 
rubbed  and  broken.  In  this  operation  the 
beard  and  parts  of  the  cuticle  would  be  rubbed 
olf,  if  this  was  not  done  before  by  the  hulling 
machiue.  This  operation  is  called  ending, 
(Spitzeu),  or,  in  case  the  stones  grind  more 
coarsely  (Hochschroten),  inasmuch  as  in  this 
coarse  grinding  the  grain  is  broken  along  the 
entire  length  of  the  furrows,  so  that  the  pro- 
duce therefrom  is  mixed  with  flour,  branny  par- 
ticles, and  germ  that  have  been  scraped  off. 
The  products  are  separated  by  sieves,  and  the 
result  is  dark  floor,  poor  bran,  and  coarse  mid- 
dlings. The  latter  product  is  passed  through 
stones  placed  more  closely  together,  and  is  sub- 
jected to  the  first  grinding,  that  is  to  say,  it  is 
further  broken,  and  we  obtain  particles  varying 
in  si/e,  flour,  dunst  (which  is  analogous  to  flour), 
middlings,  and  a  still  coarser  commodity  called 
schrot.  After  this  product  has  passed  through 
the  sieves,  the  different  sorts  are  graded  accord- 
ing to  their  size,  consequently  all  those  branny 
particles,  which  are  of  equal  fineness  with  the 
flour  mingle  with  the  flour,  and  those  of  the 
same  size  as  the  so-called  dunst,  with  the  dunst, 
etc.  It  is  scarcely  possible  to  separate  from  the 
flour  the  equally  tine  branny  particles;  this  is 
done,  however,  as  far  as  the  middlings  and 
dunst  are  concerned,  by  means  of  middlings 
purifiers. 

The  question  now  is,  of  which  parts  of  the 
grain  of  wheat  does  the  several  products  con- 
sist? The  flour  obtained  from  the  first  grind- 
ing (Schroten)  will  be  better,  in  other  words, 
will  contain  fewer  branny  particles  than  that 
obtained  by  the  operation  aochschrolen  above 
described,  but  it  will  nevertheless  contain  a 
great  number,  seeing  that  the  stone  exercises  a 
breaking  action  upon  the  grain,  and  more  or  less 
reduces  the  cuticle. 

Dunst  and  fine  middlings  are  mostly  composed 
of  small  fragments  of  the  flour  substances,  and 
in  the  process  of  breaking  fall  from  the  inner  as 
well  as  from  the  innermost  part  of  the  grain, 
and  become  polluted  by  the  admixture  of  branny 
particles  of  equal  fineness.  If  these  are  removed 
by  the  middlings  purifier  we  obtain  pure  mid- 
dlings, which  in  consequence  of  being  derived 
from  the  innermost  part  of  the  grain,  are  called 
core-middlings  (Kerngriese),  or,  because  they  are 
used  for  making  the  finest  flours,  Auszugmehle 
and  Auszugriese. 

The  coarser  middlings  (Aufkesungen),  and 
the  still  coarser  schrot,  are  fragments  which,  the 
larger  they  are,  the  more  certain  are  they  to  be 
overlaid  with  portions  of  the  layer  of  gluten,  of 
the  skin  of  the  germ  and  the  grain,  and  are, 
consequently,  of  a  much  darker  color  than  pure 
middlings.  The  coarse  middlings  and  the  coarser 
schrot  are  put  through  the  purifying  machine,  in 
which  they  are  gradually  reduced.  If  during 
the  preliminary  grinding  (Hochschroten)  germs 
get  loosened  from  the  grain,  they  get  knocked 
off  especially  during  the  first  grinding,  and  ar- 
rive in  proportion  to  their  size,  for  the  most 
part  uninjured,  among  the  coarse  middlings,  to 
which  they  impart,  by  their  yellow  color,  a 
speckled,  yellow  appearance.  The  product  of 
the  preliminary  grinding  is  separated,  and  the 
middlings  and  finer  middlings  purified. 

It  is  exceedingly  difficult,  nay,  even  impos- 
sible, to  give  to  non-practical  men  anything  like 
a  clear  idea  of  the  nature  and  appearance  of  the 
various  milling  products  either  by  description 
or  illustration.  The  only  way  in  which  he  can 
become  acquainted  with  them  is  by  seeing  them 
in  a  well  conducted  mill,  where  high  milling  is 
practiced. 

The  first  rough  grinding  is  followed  by  a 
second,  the  second  by  a  third,  and  the  third  by  a 
fourth,  but  the  number  of  these  is  not  in  all 
mills  alike.  We  must  not  imagine,  however, 
that  in  these  successive  divisions  or  breaking  up 
of  the  grain,  that  in  the  preliminary  grinding 
(Hochschroten)  the  grain  is  broken  in  two,  and 
by  the  first  grinding  (Schroten),  it  is  broken  into 
four  pieces,  etc.,  on  the  contrary,  the  division 
when  the  stones  are  rightly  placed,  is  so  man- 
aged that  at  each  successive  operation  the  sev- 
eral parts  gradually  loose  their  polyhedrous  or 
sphr'.cal  shape,  and  assume  a  lamelliferous  form. 
In  the  first,  second  and  third  rough  grindings, 
the  greater  part  of  the  grain  is  consequently  re- 
duced to  flour  and  middlings,  and  the  material 
which  undergoes  fourth  grinding  has  become  so 
far  triturated  that  no  coarse  middlings  can  be 
got  from  it,  but  only  dust  mixed  with  numerous 
particles  of  outer  husk.  Along  with  these  we 
obtain  flour  as  well  as  coarse  and  fine  husks. 
There  are  scaly  particles  consisting  of  gluten, 
and  the  cuticle  of  the  germ  and  the  grain,  to 
which  a  perceptible  number  of  starch  cells  ad- 
here. In  many  mills  these  scaly  particles  are 
called  stripes,  in  fact  those  remaining  after  the 


fourth  and  fifth  grinding,  white  strip**;  and  af- 
ter once  more  grinding  black  strijx*.  The  fine 
and  coarse  roughs  are  in  many  mills  ground  to- 
gether, in  others  separately.  The  former  go 
also  by  the  name  of  flaxpan.  By  ground  roughs 
and  ground  IJa^pan,  we  understand  those  scaly 
parts,  which,  by  their  repeated  passage  through 
the  atones,  are  freed  from  the  particles  of  fluur 
adhering  to  them,  which  serve  as  fodder  for 
cattle  and  horses,  and  are  distinguished  by  the 
general  name  of   bran. 

The  Sand  Blast, 

Among  the  wonderful  and  useful  inventions 
of  the  times  is  the  common  sand  blast.  Suppose 
you  desire  to  letter  a  piece  of  marble  for  a  grave 
stone;  you  cover  tho  stono  with  a  sheet  of  wax 
no  thicker  than  a  wafer,  then  cut  in  tho  wax 
the  name,  date,  etc.,  leaving  the  marble  ex- 
posed. Now  pass  it  under  the  blast  and  the 
wax  will  not  be  injured  at  all,  but  the  sand  will 
cut  letters  deep  into  the  stone. 

Or,  if  you  desire  raised  lettors,  a  flower  or 
other  emblem,  cut  the  letters,  flowers,  etc.,  in 
wax  and  stick  them  upon  tho  stone;  then  pass 
the  stone  under  the  blast  and  the  sand  will  cut 
it  away.  Remove  the  wax  and  you  will  have 
the  raised  letters. 

Take  a  piece  of  French  plato  glass,  say  two 
feet  by  six,  and  cover  it  with  tine  lace;  pass  it 
under  the  blast,  and  not  a  thread  of  the  lace 
will  be  injured,  but  the  sand  will  cut  deep  into 
the  glass  wherever  it  is  not  covered  by  the  lace. 
Now  remove  the  lace  and  you  have  every 
delicate  and  beautiful  figure  raised  upon  the 
glass. 

Id  this  way  beautiful  figures  of  all  kinds  are 
cut  in  glass,  and  at  a  small  expense.  The 
workmen  can  hold  their  hands  under  the  blaBt 
without  harm,  even  when  it  is  rapidly  cutting 
away  the  hardest  glass,  iron  or  stone,  but  they 
must  look  out  for  finger  nails,  for  they  will  be 
whittled  off  right  hastily. 

If  they  put  on  steel  thimbles  to  protect  the 
nails,  it  will  do  little  good,  for  the  sand  will 
soon  whittle  them  away;  but  if  they  wrap  a 
piece  of  soft  cotton  around  them  they  are  safe. 
You  will  at  once  see  the  philosophy  of  it.  The 
sand  whittles  away  and  destroys  any  hard 
substance,  even  glass,  but  does  not  effect  sub- 
stances that  are  soft  and  yielding  like  wax, 
cotton  or  fine  lace,  or  even  the  human  hand. — 
Exchange. 

A  Use  for  Niagara  Falls. — If  we  may 
believe  Sir  William  Thompson,  the  famous 
complaint  which  was  once  expressed  as  to  the 
waste  of  good  water  power  at  the  Falls  of 
Niagara  is  destined  to  be  at  last  satisfied.  Sir 
William,  in  his  evidence  before  the  Select 
Committee  on  Electric  Lightning,  proposes  to 
light  North  America,  or  a  good  part  of  it,  by 
means  of  electricity  generated  by  dynamo- 
magnetic  engines  in  the  neighborhood  of  the 
falls.  These  engines  would  not  only  light  the 
homes  of  New  York  and  Philadelphia,  but  also 
turn  their  sewing  machines  and  boil  their  kettles. 
This  prospect  was  at  first  a  little  too  much  for 
the  committee,  and  Dr.  Playfair  seems  to  have 
timidly  suggested  that  the  Falls  of  Niagara 
wee  a  little  out  of  the  record.  He  evidently 
forgot  that  Great  Britain,  by  means  of  Canada, 
has  a  certain  proprietorship  in  those  falls,  and 
that  we  must  not  allow  our  friends  of  the  StateB 
to  monopolize  the  good  gifts  of  science  and 
Providence.  Possibly  the  Atlantic  cables 
might  be  utilized  so  as  to  make  Niagara  light 
London,  and  in  that  case  amiable  noblemen  of 
the  future  will  have  other  associations  besides 
Britania's  trident  on  the  azure  sea  to  couple  in 
verse  with  the  great  cataract.  There  is  an 
opening,  too,  for  his  enterprising  Highness  the 
Khedive  to  utilize  about  the  only  thing  in 
Egypt  he  has  not  yet  utilized — the  falls  of  the 
Nile.  It  would  not  be  surprising  if  some  enter- 
prising projector  had  already  telegraphed  for  a 
concession  of  the  second  cataract  after  hearing 
Sir  William's  evidence.  He  iB  evidently  an 
enthusiastic  partisan  of  the  new  method  of 
illumination,  and  no  one  can  deny  that  his 
opinion  is  a  weighty  one. 

Navisphere.  —  A  new  instrument,  which 
promises  to  be  of  great  service  in  navigation, 
has  recently  been  described  in  the  French 
Academy  by  M.  Magnae.  It  is  called  the 
navisphere,  and  its  use  is  to  indicate  in  a  few 
seconds,  without  calculation  being  required,  the 
names  of  the  stars  that  are  above  the  horizon  at 
a  given  moment,  to  show  their  altitudes  and 
azimuths,  to  determine  approximately  the 
proper  angle  of  course  for  going  from  one  point 
to  another  by  an  arc  of  a  great  circle,  and  the 
distance  between  these  points.  The  instrument 
has  two  parts — the  first  consisting  of  a  celestial 
sphere,  having  stars  of  the  first  and  second  mag- 
nitudes marked  on  it.  This  sphere  rests  on  a 
spherical  zone,  wherewith  it  can  be  placed  in 
all  possible  positions.  The  second  part  (receiv- 
ing the  special  name  of  metrosphere)  comprises 
the  system  of  the  horizon,  the  meridian,  and 
the  vertical,  represented  by  a  circle,  a  semi- 
circle, and  a  quarter  of  a  circle,  of  metal.  The 
arc  representing  the  meridian  is  fixed  at  right 
angles  to  the  (horizontal)  circle  of  the  horizon, 
joining  the  latter  at  zero  and  ISO".  Its  own 
zero  is  in  the  middle,  and  represents  the  zenith, 
thence  it  is  graduated  to  90°  on  either  side. 
One  end  of  the  quarter- circle,  representing  the 
vertical,  turns  about  a  fixed  axis  in  the  middle 
of  the  meridian;  its  other  end  is  adjusted  to 
pass  along  the  circle  of  the  horizon.  With  this 
system,  then,  it  is  possible  (1)  to  trace  arcs  of  a 
great  circle  on  the  sphere  and  measure  their 
lengths;  (2)  to  measure  the  angles  formed  by 
two  great  circles. — Iron  Age. 


New  American  Industries. 

The  recent  rapid  increase  in  American  chem- 
ical manufactures — in  many  cases  from  native 
orudo  materials — is  a  vory  encouraging  feature 
of  American  trade.  The  Grocer  notes  that  six 
years  ago  we  imported  from  France  cream  of 
tartar  to  the  extent  of  11,000,000  pounds  yearly; 
but  so  successful  has  the  manufacture  of  it  in 
this  oountry  been  carried  on,  that  last  year  not  a 
single  pouud  was  imported.  Notwithstanding 
the  crude  materials  have  at  present  to  be 
imported,  the  price  of  tho  manufactured  article 
has  been  reduced  from  .'12  cents  per  pound,  the 
rate  for  the  Frencli  article,  to  23  and  24  cents 
per  pound  for  tho  American  production.  France 
and  England  formerly  seut  us  annually  500,000 
pounds  of  tartaric  acid,  while  the  importation 
tor  the  last  fiscal  year  was  183  pounds.  Eng- 
land formerly  monopolized  our  market  for 
nitric  acid  to  the  extent  of  250,000  pounds 
annually,  at  the  rate  of  $1.30  per  pound,  while 
last  year  27,018  pounds  were  imported  and 
sold  at  the  same  price  as  the  American  article — 
57  cents  per  pound.  At  present  the  lime  juice 
from   which  citric  acid   is  made   has  to  be   im- 

ftorted,  but  it  could  easily  be  produced  from 
ruits  grown  in  Florida,  if  only  sufficient  energy 
were  put  into  the  work.  If  the  lemon  and 
lime  growers  of  the  South  can  be  induced  to 
prepare  the  lime  juice,  the  entire  production 
and  manufacture  of  citric  acid  will  be  kept  in 
this  country,  saving  hundreds  of  thousands  of 
dollars  annually,  and  developing  another  great 
industry.  Borax  was  formerly  brought  from 
England  at  the  rate  of  from  600,000  to  1,000,- 
000  pounds  per  year.  Owing  to  the  develop- 
ment of  borax  mines  in  Nevada,  this  importa- 
tion has  largely  fallen  off,  and  the  report  for 
the  last  fiscal  year  showed  only  3,492  pounds, 
and  the  price  of  the  refined  article,  which  is 
now  prepared  in  New  York  city,  iB  only  from 
8  to  9  centB  per  pound,  when  formerly  it  was 
35  cents,  England  being  now  among  the  buyers 
instead  of  the  principal  seller,  as  she  once  was, 
both  of  the  crude  and  refined  product. — Manu- 
facturer and  Builder. 

A  Great  Russian  Telescope  Projected. — 
At  a  meeting  of  the  Naval  Institute  in  Wash- 
ington, May  29th,  Prof.  Newcomb  Btated  that 
he  has  received  letters  from  Otto  Struve,  Di- 
rector of  the  Pulkowa  Observatory,  announcing 
that  the  Russian  government  has  voted  250,000 
rubles  for  the  construction  of  the  largest  tele- 
scope that  can  be  advantageously  made,  includ- 
ing the  building  in  which  to  mount  it.  The  ob- 
ject glass  is  intended  to  be  between  two  and 
one-half  and  three  feet  in  diameter,  if  the  glass 
makers  find  it  practicable  to  cast  a  disk  of  this 
size  of  the  necessary  evenness  and  purity.  It 
has  not  yet  been  decided  who  shall  undertake 
the  most  difficult  part  of  the  work,  the  grind- 
ing of  the  glass;  and  before  deciding  it  Struve 
intends  to  visit  this  country  in  order  to  ex- 
amine the  Washington  and  other  great  tele- 
scopes made  by  Alvan  Clark  &  Sons.  He  will 
probably  arrive  here  for  this  purpose  some  time 
during  the  summer.  Should  his  examination 
prove  satisfactory  he  will  be  ready  to  open 
negotiations  with  the  Clarks  for  the  work  if  he 
is  sure  it  will  be  done  enough  better  to  warrant 
the  risk  of  sending  the  glass  twice  across  the 
Atlantic. 


Iron  Atmosphere. — Observations  of  snow 
collected  on  mountain  tops  and  within  the 
Arctic  circle  far  beyond  the  influence  of  factories 
and  smoke,  confirm  the  supposition  that  minute 
particles  of  iron  float  in  the  atmosphere,  and  in 
time  fall  to  the  earth.  Some  physicists  believe 
that  these  floating  particles  of  iron  are  concerned 
in  the  striking  phenomena  of  the  aurora. 
Gronemann,  of  Gottingen,  holds  that  streams  of 
the  particles  revolve  round  the  sun,  and  that 
when  passing  the  earth  they  are  attracted  to 
the  poles,  and  thence  stretch  forth  as  long 
filaments  into  space.  But  as  they  travel  with 
planetary  velocity  they  become  ignited  in  our 
atmosphere,  and  thus  produce  the  luminous 
appearance  of  aurone.  In  his  recent  voyages 
Prof.  Nordenskjold  examined  snow  far  in  the 
north  beyond  Spitzbergen,  and  found  therein 
exceedingly  small  particles  of  metallic  iron, 
phosphorus  and  cobalt. 

Electric  Pens. — The  most  recent  of  the 
brilliant  series  of  telegraphic  marvels  which 
have  from  time  to  time,  and  especially  of  late, 
engaged  the  world,  is  the  "telegraphic  pen"  of 
Mr.  E.  A.  Cowper,  the  well-known  engineer  of 
Great  George  street,  Westminster.  There  had 
been  hitherto  no  lack  of  copying  telegraphs,  all 
of  which  instruments  telegraph  an  almost  per- 
fect copy  of  the  writing  submitted  to  them,  but 
the  process  is  necessarily  complex  and  slow; 
whereas,  by  the  new  device,  a  person  may  take 
the  writing  pencil  in  his  hand  and  himself 
transmit  Mb  message  in  the  act  of  writing  it. 

New  Scale. — By  making  a  miniature  of  an 
object,  such  as  a  spider  line,  and  examining  it 
with  a  microscope,  Dr.  Royston  Pigott  has 
found  that  objects  even  as  small  as  the  mil- 
lionth of  an  inch  could  be  seen;  and  in  a  late 
communication  to  the  Philosophical  Society, 
Cambridge,  took  exception  to  the  view  gener- 
ally prevailing  among  opticians,  that  it  is  use- 
less to  attempt  further  perfection  of  the  micro- 
scope. 


Use  of  Glass  Thread.— To  make  fine  glass 
thread,  the  glass  is  brought  to  a  state  of  fusion, 
a  glass  rod  dipped  in  it,  and  thus  a  thread 
pulled  out,  which  solidifies  first  in  its  thinnest 
parts,  and  so  causes  a  thread  of  uniform  thick- 
ness  to  be  obtained.  If  this  thread  is  placed 
over  a  hot  metallic  cylinder,  and  the  latter 
revolved,  any  length  of  thread  may  be  obtained; 
the  thread  may  be  obtained  finer  by  revolving 
the  cylinder  more  rapidly.  The  heating  of  tho 
cylinder  has  the  effect  of  annealing  the  glass  to 
some  extent,  while  the  rapid  cooling,  if  wound 
on  a  cold  cylindor,  would  make  it  more  brittle. 
A  bundle  of  such  threads  look  like  a  bunch  of 
silk,  and  it  has  therefore  been  called  glass  silk. 
Its  usefulness  to  chemists  and  druggists  has 
lately  been  brought  to  the  notice  of  the  French 
Societo  de  Pharmacie  by  M.  Limousin.  It  is 
now  largely  used  in  Germany,  and  especially  in 
Austria,  for  filtering  liquids  in  laboratories.  In 
the  microscope  the  threads  are  as  tine  as  those 
of  silk  or  fibrillin  of  oottou;  they  break  more 
easily  than  the  latter,  but  are  excessively 
supple.  From  the  unalterability  of  the  sub- 
stauce  it  is  very  well  suited  for  filtering  aoid  or 
alkaline  solutions,  even  concentrated,  and 
various  other  substances,  such  as  nitrate  of 
silver,  albumen,  oollodion,  Fehling's  liquor,  etc 
It  affords  great  rapidity  of  flow,  with  good 
filtration,  it  does  not,  like  filters  of  paper  or 
tiBsue,  commuuicate  organic  matter  to  the 
liquids,  altering  and  perhaps  giving  them  a 
disagreeable  taste.  It  is  much  preferable  to 
asbestos,  which,  from  the  arrangement  of  its 
parallel  fibers,  cannot  be  formed  into  a  flexible 
ball,  and  which  lets  fragments  pass  that  float 
in  the  liquid.  For  analysis  it  is  very  advanta- 
geous, allowing  of  a  ready  determination  of 
insoluble  matters  deposited;  also  by  calcination 
and  fusion  of  the  glass  may  be  found  the 
volatile  principles  fixed  in  the  passage  of  the 
liquid,  unmixed  with  empyreumatic  products. 
Notwithstanding  the  price  of  glass  silk  is  still 
high,  it  is  no  great  expense  to  use  it,  as  its  ex- 
cessive lightness  admits  of  a  considerable  num- 
ber of  filtrationa  being  made  with  a  small 
weight  of  it;  besides,  it  may  serve  an  indefinite 
time,  if  after  eaoh  operation  it  iB  thoroughly 
washed  with  water  and  dried  in  the  air. — . 
Manufacturer  and  Builder. 

How  to  Get  Rid  of  Flour  Mill  Dust. — A 
French  process  designed  to  circumvent  the 
perils  traceable  to  dust  in  flouring  mills,  is  thus 
described :  The  stones  should  be  surrounded  as 
completely  as  possible  by  a  movable  covering  of 
wood  or  sheet-iron,  which  should  have  no  open- 
ing in  front  but  what  is  absolutely  necessary 
for  the  work.  In  order  to  avoid  the  choking  up 
of  the  ventilating  pipes,  it  is  necessary  to  pro- 
vide special  discharge  pipes  for  the  water,  ac- 
cording as  the  stones  are  partly  below  or  en- 
tirely above  the  floor.  Again,  the  passages  in- 
tended for  carrying  the  dust  should  be  placed 
underneath  the  stone,  and  beyond  the  point 
where  the  work  is  applied,  regarding  the  direc- 
tion of  motion;  it  should  have  a  breadth  a  lit- 
tle greater  than  that  of  the  stone,  and  a  depth 
of  eight  inches  at  most,  for  the  largest  stones,  a 
sliding  door  serving  to  close  it  whenever  dry 
dust  is  not  produced.  The  water  discharge 
pipe  should  also  have  a  valve,  which  may  be 
closed  when  water  is  not  used,  and  when  it  is 
desired  to  carry  of  the  dust  produced  when  the 
stone  is  trued.  If  there  are  only  four  or  five 
stones  in  the  work,  a  single  collecting  pipe  will 
suffice,  and  the  blower  should  be  placed  at  the 
end;  but  if  there  are  eight  or  ten  stoneB  in  one 
line,  a  second  collector,  16  inches  by  12  may  be 
placed  in  the  middle  of  the  length  of  the  first, 
and  perpendicular  to  its  direction.  If,  too, 
there  are  two  long  parallel  rows,  with  eight  or 
ten  stones  in  each,  they  should  be  connected 
with  the  second  collector,  or  with  a  third,  16x 
20  inohes,  communioatingwith  the  ventilator. — 
Exchange. 

Taming  Horses  by  Electricity.— Foreign 
rjapers  inform  us  that  the  General  Omnibus  Co., 
of  Paris,  has  for  some  time  past  made  success- 
ful use  of  electricity  in  subduing  vicious  horses. 
Upon  passage  of  a  weak  current  (by  a  small  in- 
duction machine  of  the  Clarke  system,  the 
wires  of  which  connect  with  the  bit)  into  the 
mouth  of  the  animal  whenever  he  becomes 
restive,  his  will  seems  for  the  time  "almost 
annihilated  ; "  he  leaves  off  rearing,  kicking,  or 
biting,  and  submits  peaceably  to  be  groomed 
or  harnessed.  The  idea  of  utilizing  this  agency 
for  such  a  purpose  found  expression  at  the  ex- 
hibition last  year  ;  in  the  Swedish  section  was 
an  apparatus  with  this  object,  the  construction, 
action  and  effect  of  which  is  thus  described  by 
the  London  Live  Stock  Journal:  "It  consisted 
of  a  small  box  containing  a  battery,  the  wires  of 
which  communicated  with  the  bit  by  the  reins. 
In  the  case  of  resistance  by  the  horse,  the  driver 
had  merely  to  push  a  button,  when  a  current 
passed  immediately,  and  the  animal  became 
docile.  The  employment  of  electricity  is  said 
to  produce  a  sort  of  uneasiness  or  torpor,  rather 
than  pain,  and  is  much  less  barbarous  than  many 
taming  methods  hitherto  adopted,  such  as  those 
which  depend  on  weakening  by  deprivation  of 
food,  on  fatigue,  etc." 

New  Globe. — M.  Clemandot,  of  Paris,  has 
invented  a  globe  for  electric  lights.  It  ia 
double— one  globe  placed  inside  the  other,  and 
the  space  between  is  tilled  with  powdered  glass. 
It  is  said  to  diffuse  the  light  without  lessening 
the  illuminating  power  so  much  as  the  opaline 
globes  generally  used. 


412 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS, 


[June  28,  1879. 


able  of  Highest  and  Lowest  Sales 
S.  F.  Stock  Exchange. 


Name  of 

Company. 


Alpha 

Alta 

Andes 

Alps 

Argenta 

Atlantic 

Aurora  Tunnel. . 
Baltimore  Con.. 

Belcher 

Belmont 

Best  &  Belcher... 

Bullion 

Bechtel 

Belle  Isle 

Bodie 

Benton 

Bulwer 

Boyle 

Black  Hawk 

Belvidere. 

Booker 

Caledonia 

California 

Challenge 

Chollar 

Confidence 

Con  Imperial..  .. 
Con  Virginia...... 

Crown  Point 

Con  Washoe 

Champion 

Concordia 

Dayton 

DeFrees 

Daney 

Day 

Eureka  Con 

Exchequer. 

Endowment 

Gen  Thomas 

Grand  Prize 

Gila 

Golden  Chariot. . . 

Golden  Terra 

Gnodshaw 

Gould  &  Curry.... 
Hale  &  Norcross. . 

Hillside 

Highbridge 

Homestake 


Week 
Endim 
J  line  5. 


29i  223 
10  Si 
1.35     50c 


1.35 
6J 

75c 

22 

SS 

2.40 

1.40 


23 

2* 

1.05 

3.30 

7 

I 

18| 


Independence 

Julia 

Justice 

Jackson 

Joe  Scates 

KKCon 

Kentuck 

Kossuth 

Keystone 

Lady  Bryan 

Lady  "Wash 

Leopard 

Leviathan 

Leeds 

Lee 

Slay  Belle 

Modoc 

Manhattan 

Martin  White 

McClinton  ., 

Meadow  Valley 

Mexican 

Mides 

Morning  Star. 

North  Con  Virginia. 

New  York 

Northern  Belle 

New  Coso 

Navajo 

Oscidental 

Ophir 

Orisntal 

Overman 

Panther 

Phenix 

Phil  Sheridan 

Potosi 

Prospect  

Raymond  &  Ely. . . . 

Richer 

Rock  Island 

Rye  Patch 

Rough  &  Ready 


50c 
li 

2.35 


Seg  Belcher , 

Sierra  Nevada 

Silver  Hill 

Silver  King 

Silver  Prize  

Succor 

Summit 

Scorpion 

Solid  Silver 

South  Bodie 

South  Standard. . 

Star 

St.  Louis 

Syndicate 

Tioga  Con 

Tiptop 

Trojan 

Union  Con 

Utah 

Vermont  Con 

Ward 

Wells-Fargo 

Woodville 

White  Cloud 

Yellow  Jacket. . . . 


Week  Week  r  Week 
Ending  Undine  Ending 
June  11  June  19  June  2C 


29*  23 


1 

54 
65c 
19 
9; 
1.7( 
1.15 
41 

JA 


1.15 
50o 
40c 

1.30 


3 
2.10 

1. 10 

% 

3.40 
<J 
16i 

2.35 
7 

63 
30c 
50c 


1.55  1.35 

4s;  3s; 

7  6 

12  10 


13  14 
65c  75c 


4.85 


70c 
l.f 

65c 

55c 


1.45 
3 

60c 
75c 
1 


45J   42 


17!   15 


56}  51! 
3  £ 
3    7 

50c  40c 

1  SOc 


4! 
3.90 
SOc 
40c 
97 


21J  20 


10c 

3.10  2.90 

I. SO  4.30 

4.10  33 

6  5J 


2* 
2.10 

1 
3.15 


15$  141. 

2.20  1.7C 

6i  5 

6  5J 

40c  .... 

70c  50c 


30 
? 

Oo 

35c 
70c 
75c 
7 

30c 
19; 


45c  40c 
17  15J 
9i   7i 


4.20 
80c 


14 


80c  70c 

12J  1U 

17  15J 

2  1.90 

60c  25c 


Bi   5 
20c  15c 


49c 
« 
3 
6i 

1.65 


391  33 


154  16  14J 

25  28  24 

43  43 

21  2 


!.40 


90c 

2t 
3.40 
20c 
45c 
50c 
40c 
50c 

5 

4 

1J 
35c 


17} 

3J  7} 

2.15  1.65 

1.70  li 

42  201 

6  4i 

10  9 

2.60  2.10 

1.90  1.60 

1.60  1 

J. 80  2} 

5j  5! 

3.05  2.90 

9  7i 

16  14 

!.20  1.80 


17  15* 
9  7* 
25o    .... 


1.05 
1.55 

15} 

70c 
13} 

is! 

1.90 
30c 


10c  5c 

2.90  2.60 

4.35  3.90 

1.20  3J 

51  .... 


5J       5 
20c      15c 


ii 

1.05 
70c 
75c 


1.60       1} 


50c'  11 
2}  2.80 
2i2.90 
lOci  45c 
40c  45c 
25c  30c 
25c  4Cc 


3}     6}  4.95 

U     li  1.15 

25c,  35c  25o 

63  !  61  43 

211:  221  21 


11     1} 

25c   25c 
30c   40c 


111.60  11 
20c  20c  .... 
30c,  50c     30c 


21}      20}1  20       lSJ:  19}     17 


Sales  at  S.  F.  Stock  Exchange. 


Friday  A.  II.,  Jane  20. 

150  Andes 90c 

170  Alta r 

170  Alpha 251@26i 

1700  Atlantic 30(q>35c 

270  Benton 53@5S 

85  Best&Belcher 173 

915  Bullion 8@33 

1115  Belcher 7@63 

30  Confidence 14.J 

2250  Con  Imperial 1.9D 

1270  Con  Virginia 5jl< 

400  Ooc  Wasnoe 

800  Caledonia 2.\@l 

100  Challenge 3ffi. 

580  ODorado 2@ 

120  Chollar & 

93)  California 5&. 

65  Crown  Point 5.15(S  ij 

330  Exchequer S^Si 

50  Fairfax 1$ 

300  Flowery 80@75c 

180  Gould  &  Curry. .  .HE@lli 
265  Hale  &  Nor lii.'.f-cio" 

1155  Julia 4lC«  t.ni 

80  Justice .' .  .33 

330  Kentuck 5 

380  Lady  Bryan l\<-.\  30 

850  Leviathan 80@75i 

100  Lady  Wash 21 

1010  Mexican 30@3lJ 

100  Mount  View 2.40 

60)  Mackey 1.80«tH  70 

200  N  Bonanza 2w2  03 

315  North  Con  Vir Sji^.s; 

50  New  York 95c 

510  Ophir 3l«~-m 

205 -Overman ll(2>ili 

90  Occidental 95c@I 

150  Plutus - 

160  Potosi &2@: 

10  Seg  Belcher 25 

50  Succor 55c 

930  Sierra  Nevada ■>!:.<  ^! 

335  Savage 15@15j 

600  SUtah ^3)0 

155  Silver  Hill ~  " 


380  Scorpion 2.60r5>2| 

860  Solid  Silver 45@40c 

1475  Union  Con 61(*56i 

20  Utah 221 

940  Ward 1£@1.55 

200  Wells-Fargo 20c 

90  Woodville 40c 

120  Yellow  Jacket. . .  .18j@19 

AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

750  Albion 40c 

340  Aryenta 1 

100  Aurora  T 40c 

3130  Adenda 50@60c 

1150  Belle  Isle 1  70 

35  Bulwer 10 

745  Bodie 42 

830  Bechtel 2i@2.05 

185  Belvidere if  tol .  60 

2000  Booker 1 

1345  Black  Hawk 2102.60 

850  Champion 50@*0c 

90  O  Pacific 8@81 

400  Caledonia  (B  H) 4 .20 

600  Crcesus 10@15c 

300  Ohiaftain 10c 

200  DeFrees lOc 

2=60  Dudley 1.55@U 

100  DStandard 60(fc50c 

105  Eureka  Con 16J@154 

300  Endowment 25c 

70  Fourth  July 75c 

1455  Gila 90o 

105  Grand  Prize 3.90@4 

600  Goodshaw. 65@70c 

1700  Glynn  Dale 75@95o 

20  Giant  &O  A 4 

300  Hillside 1.80 

7075  Hamburg 60@70c 

720  Independence.. ..2J5@2. 90 

965  Jupiter 1.9502 

300  Leeds 75c 

50  Leopard 1.20 

20  Manhattan 25 

100  Modoc 1+ 

500  Mt  Diablo 4$ 

175  May  Belle 50@65c 

200  McClinton l.40@l,45  | 


635  Mono 10J@10 

500  Mammoth 121 

10  Martin  White " 

95  Northern  Belle 5Ji_ 

390  Noonday. 43®4.65 

450  N  Noonday 2 

700  Oriental 75c 

700  Orient 35@40c 

200  Phenix 3J 

100  Paradise 1.90 

250  Queen  Bee 55(ff50o 

1745  Raymond  &  Ely i{ 

150  Red  Cloud 75@80< 

200  Richer 70P75C 

200  Star 35c 

915  Summit 2.85(&3 

160  Syndicate 7@6g 

500  SStandard 25c 

400  SBodie 45@40c 

780  SBulwer li@l£ 

150  Tuscarora 10c 

1715  Tioga  Con 5@4.95 

500  University. . 

750  Vortex 75(S60c 

100  Wales 2* 

Saturday  A.m..  Junes- 

165  Alpha 

190  Alta. 

325  Andes 

200  Atlantic. 35c 

260  Argenta 1.05@1 

4025  Adenda 6O1 

230  Best  &  Belcher IS: 

295  Belcher 7@6i 

385  Bullion ...8i@8j. 

545  Benton 5nsib% 

100  Belmont 3Uc 

730  Belle  Isle 1.65@1.70 

140  Bechtel 2.1(K«2.15 

700  Belvidere IS@1.7u 

350  Bodie... ai&nfii 

135  Bulwer 9*(&9i 

530  Black  Hawk..  .2.60<&2.6o 

820  Booker 1.10@L 

720  California 5; 

295  Con  Virginia 5gr" 

1990  Con  Imperial 

845  CrownPoint 5i@54 

25  Confidence, 14| 

230  ChoUar 6 

150  Caledonia 2j(*2.65 

30  Challenge 2.91; 

365  ConWashoe 50c 

780  Con  Dorado. ...... ..1-90 

200  Champion 45@50c 

50  Croesus. 15c 

170  C  Pacific 8@8i 

550  Caledonia  (B  H|. .  .3J®3J 

1100  DeFrees 5c 

1235  Dudley 1.60@2 

750  D  Standard .j60c 

13d0  Exchequer.. 

550  Flowery 75u 

295  Gould  &  Curry. . .  .12@13i 

450  Gila 1.10@1.2t) 

270  Grand  Prize 3.90@4 

300  Goodshaw 65@60c 

220  H  &  Norcross 16J@17 

800  Hussev .^10c 

250  Hamburg, . , 

50  Hillside 1.90 

70  Independence 2.90 

310  Julia 4.30(^4.20 

230  Justice .3.J0 

2085  Jupiter 2; 

85  Kentuck 

565  LWash 1.90@2.30 

500  Leviathan 80c 

750  L  Bryan 14&1.35 

40  Leopard 1.05 

50  Leeds ._.90c 

970  Mexican 

150  Mackey 1.70 

100  Mounta  n  View 2.4U 

10  Manhattan 2.60 

40 -Modoc If 

400  McClinton lj^L.ft 

200  May  Belle 50c 

50  Morning  Star. 

3^0  Mono 9®8J 

450  Mammoth 13 j@13 

200  MWhite 7 

100  New  York 85c 

790  N  Con  Virginia. . .  .8fl(£" 

lUSu  N  Bonanza 2(al 

20  Northern  Belle 

600  Navajo 40c 

60  Noonday 4J<»4i 

350  N  Noonday 202.10 

505  Ophir 31j\#32 

180  Overman lli@U4 

600  Oriental 75c 

1150  Orient 45@4Uc 

150  Potosi 5J 

20  Phil  Sheridan 70c 

110  Phenix 3A@3* 

300  Paradise lj 

165  Queen  Bee 50@60c 

100  Kay'dfc  Ely 4J 

250  Red  Cloud 75@70c 

690  Savage 15J(<»15i 

580  Sierra  Nevada 44@45 

130  Silver  Hill 1.90 

150  Succor 14 

220  Scorpion 2.60@2.65 

50  Solid  Silver 40c 

350  SUtah 30c 

190  Syndicate. ... 

720  South  Bodie 40@45c 

670  Summit 2.80@2£ 

1070  SBulwer 14@1.45 

1050  S  Standard 25c 

750  Troian 30@35c 

2765  Tioga 6@53 

675  Union  Con 54@55 

50  Utah 22 

300  University 65c 

1050  Vortex., 

110  Woodville... 

2200  Ward litai.60 

360  Yellow  Jacket. 
Holiday  A.  .n.,  Juue  '-';>. 

370  Andes 

350  Alta 88@di 

310  Alpha 29^30 

625  Belcher 7g@7<' 

400  Best&  Belcher.  .19^19 

1215  Bullion 82@9: 

400  Benton 6(s553 

730  California 53(<fidA 

900  Con  Virginia 5mH 

870  Chollar 9@Sfi 

1500  Con  Imperial.. 2. 20@2. 15 

275  Confidence 15 2@10 

240  Crown  Point 5*@5J 

1050  ODorado lJ(Sl.8(.< 

200  Caledonia 2.80 

350  ConWashoe 50c 

140  Challenge 3.05 

1415  Exchequer 9j,<$9 

1000  Fairfax SOc 

375  Flowery 

1365  Gould  St  Curry 13@l3* 

570  Hale  &  Nor 181(ad7j 

740  Justice 3.85(a>3.55 

1005  Julia 4H@4.35 

140  Kentuck 5^5j! 

600  Lady  Bryan lg@1.30 

225  Lady  Wash 2i@2.20 

300  Leviathan 80c 

50  Morning  Star 

275  Mackey 1.80@1.85 

150  Mountain  View 2.40 

140  Maryland 65c 

415  Mexican 321@3lj 

425  N  Bonanza 1.95@1.85 

500  New  York 90c 

420  Ophir 33J@35 

150  Occidental 90c(5>l 

300  Overman 112(312} 

330  Potosi 63 

150  S  Potosi 75c 

1070  Savage 17B@17S 

400  Silver  Hill 2.u5@2i 

260  Sierra  Nevada.... 48@474 

100  Succor 55c 

25  Solid  Silver ....'45c 

450  Scorpion 2." 

1550  Troian 

630  Union  Con 

140  Utah 

50  Woodville 45c 


1650  Ward 1.60@1.55 

770  Yellow  Jacket 19@19g 

AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

3480  Adenda 85@70o 

995  Albion 35@40c 

995  Aurora  T 45@40c 

1460  Argenta 1.20@l£ 

510  Bechtel 2J@2.05 

410  Bodie 211<a>213 

800  Belle  Isle 1.70 

2400  Booker 1.60@14 

260  Belvidere 1.80@1.90 

375  Black  Hawk 2.30@2£ 

100  Croesus 15c 

300  C  Pacific 8 

50  Chieftain 15c 

1350  Champion 50c 

200  DeFrees 5c 

1850  D  Standard 101.10 

2110  Dudley 2J@2.45 

750  Defiance 1J 

100  Endowment 25c 

145  Eureka  Con 16ffil63 

500  Fourth  July .'75e 

900  Glynn  Dale 75c 

550  Goodshaw 65@70c 

115  Grand  Prize 3.80 

1650  Gila 14@l .  55 

300  Hamburg 85c 

100  Hillside H 

500  Independence  . .  .22(32.80 

1310  Jupiter 2.f>6@24 

250  Leopard 1.20 

250  MWhite 7 

340  Mono 9J(39i 

1910  May  Belle 65@60c 

795  McClinton 14 

250  Mammoth la 

1265  Noonday 4i@4g 

30  Northern  Belle 5jc«6 

100  New  Coso 20c 

1375  NNocnday 2i(32£ 

3725  Oiient 55(*70c 

665  Oriental 70@80c 

450  Phenix 3i@31 

950  Paradise 1.90ftrlj 

600  Queen  Bee 60@50c 

550  Ked  Cloud 75@80c 

100  Kaymond&  Ely 4* 

130  Bicher 75c 

3130  South  Standard..  .30(3250 

1800  S  Bodie 45@40c 

280  Syndicate 6i 

615  Summit 2i 

270  SBulwer 1,40 

1435  Tioga  Con 5@5j 

25  Tuscarora 20c 

1100  University 65@70c 

420  Vortex 1 

1400  WPacific 40c 

Tuesday  A.  AI.,  June  .'  t. 

290  Alta 7A@7i 

125  Alpha 26(3264 

520  Andes 80(375c 

500  Atlantic 35c 

750  Belcher 7A@6£ 

800  Bullion 8B@8i 

360  Baltimore  Con 75c 

180  Best  &  Belcher... 18J(31Si 

420  Benton 53(25* 

315  California * _5j 

75  Caledonia. 2.60 

2325  Con  Imperial.. 1.95(31, 90 

155  Crown  Point 5^(354 

240  Con  Virginia .5$ 

235  Chollar. 8J@8 

60  Challenge 3 

150  Con  Dorado . , 1J 

660  Exchequer. S@8A 

200  Flowery 75@70c 

495  Gould  &  Curry. .  .12i(g!l2i 

345  H  &  Norcross VHfCl7i 

990  Julia 4.30,34.35 

875  Justice 3.b0(a3i 

450  Leviathan 80@75c 

760  L  Bryan 1.30(31+ 

300  Lady  Wash 2(0>12 

615  Mexican 29>(3;jy 

200  Margarita 25c 

480  Mackey 13 

200  Mt  View 2.40<g2i 

50  Morning  Star 3 

175  New  York 90<370c 

80  North  Con  Vir 82 

385  N  Bonanza 12@1.80 

320  Ophir 31J 

245  Overman ll@10l 

150  Occidental 90c 

260  Potosi 5J(35fi 

50  Phil  Sheridan .'80c 

620  Savage 161(6>16i 

100  Succor 50o 

575  Scorpion 2j@2.85 

210  Silver  Hill 2M2.05 

255  Sierra  Nevada. . ,  .43i@44 

650  SUtah ,^25c 

250  S  Potosi 70@73c 

200  Trojan 25c 

125  Utah 22i<322 

980  Union  Con 51M49 

1475  Ward 1.6001.65 

400  Woodville "..4t'c 

600  Yellow  Jacket. .  .lSJ@iSi 

AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

190  Albion 40c 

3430  Addenda 80c@l 

1000  Argenta 14@1.15 

550  Aurora  T 50c 

950  Belle  Me 1 .70(31 .65 

495  Bodie 210201 

370  Bechtel 1.70(312 

295  Bulwer 9 

1600  Booker 1.35014 

380  Belvidere li 

310  Black  Hawk 21@2.1u 

910  Champion 50c 

2U0  Crcesus 10c 

45  C  Pacific 7g 

200  Day 35030c 

100  DeFrees 5c 

200  Defiance lj 

1935  Dudley 2102* 

1300  DStandard lj 

30  Eureka  Con 17 

100  Fourth  of  July 75c 

2010  Gila 1.4001.45 

320  GrandPrize 403.90 

220  Glynn  Dale 70c 

.880  Goodshaw 70065c 

200  Golden  Terra 153 

200  Hamburg SOc 

300  Hussey 5c 

400  Independence 2! 

1740  Jupiter 21021 

70  Jackson 5J 

250  Leopard 1.2001.15 

100  Martin  White 64 

100  Manhattan 24 

150  Mammoth 1310134 

250  Mono 91094 

475  May  Belle. 70c 

200  Mt  Diablo 9 

50  Modoc 1 

190  McClinton 14@1 .40 

100  Navajo 45c 

50  Northern  Belle 6 

320  Noonday 44033 

265  N  Noonday 2J02.3O 

2815  Orient 70055c 

50  Oriental 50c 

200  Paradise 1401.65 

850  Phenix 31 

800  Queen  Bee 55080c 

150  Richer 8508uc 

510  Raymond &Ely 41 

500  Red  Cloud 75080c 

500  S  Bodie 4504Cc 

2300  S  Standard 3i025c 

725  Syndicate 6064 

350  Star 35040c 

250  Summit 202.30 

860  SBulwer. 1,35011 

725  Tiptop 1.150l| 

125  Tusca»ora 20010c 

1745  Tioga 44.01 

600  University 70c 

100  Vortex 1 

100  Wales 24 

100  WPacific 50c 

Wed,NduyA.J)l..Juiie2r>. 

785  Andes 95c01 

15  Alpha 254> 


MINING-  SHAREHOLDERS'  DIRECTORY. 


Compiled  every  Thursday  from  Advertisements  in  Mining  and  Scientific  Press  and  other  S.  F.  Journals. 
ASSESSMENTS-STOCKS  ON  THE  LISTS  OF  THE  BOARDS. 


Company. 
Alta  S  M  Co 
Andes  S  M  Co 
Belcher  S  M  Co 
Bullion  M  Co 
Crown  Point  G  &,  S  M  Co 
DeFrees  M  &  M  Co 
Hussey  Con  G  St  S  M  Co 
Justice  M  Co 
Leopard  M  Co 
Mexican  G  &  S  M  Co 
N  Comstock  S  M  Co 
N  Noonday  M  ^o 
Raymond  &  Ely  M  Co 
Real  Del  Monte  M  Co 
Sierra  Nevada  S  M  Co 
South  Bulwer  G  M  Co 
Solid  Silver  G  &  S  M  Co 
Summit  G  M  Co 
Tioga  Con  M  Co 
Union  Con  S  M  Co 
University  G  M  Co 


Location.  No. 

Nevada  15 

Nevada  12 

Nevada  18 
Nevada      9 

Nevada  37 

Nevada  10 
Nevada     8 

Nevada  28 

Kevada  11 
Nevada  6 
Nevada     1 

California     2 

Nevada  11 
N  evada      7 

Nevada  58 

California      3 
Nevada      1 

California      2 

California      5 

Nevada  13 

California     2 


Amt.  Levied. 

1  00  June  12 

25  May  5 

1  00  May  20 

I  00  May  6 

1  00  June  4 

15  May  29 

15  May  27 

1  00  May  26 

50  June  11 

1  00  May  14 

05  May  30 

25  June  5 

1  00  Apr  23 

1  00  June  10 
3  00  June  12 

10  May  8 

25  May  14 

50  June  5 

20  Apr  3 

2  00  June  4 
10  June  9 


Delinq'nt.    Sale.    Secretary. 


July  17 
June  11 
June  25 
June  9 
July  11 
June  28 
July  1 
June  30 
July  15 
June  18 
July  2 
July  14 
June  2 
July  19 
July  16 
June  12 
June  16 
July  10 
May  8 
July  7 
July  14 


Aug  4 
Julyl 

July  15 
June  30 
July  29 
July  18 
July  22 
July  19 
Aug  5 
July  10 
July  23 
Aug  18 
Julyl 
Aug  11 
Aug  5 
July  3 
July  10 
July  31 
May  28 
July  24 
Aug  4 


W  H  Watson 
M  Landers 
Jno  Crockett 
Joseph  Gruff 
Jas  Newlands 
T  E  Atkinson 
Jno  E  Dixon 
R  E  Kelley 
J  E  Dixon 
C  L  McCoy 
D  L  Thomas 
G  A  Holden 
Jos  Roberts,  Jr 
O  V  D  Hubbard 
WW  Stetson 
William  Stuart 
J  J  Applegate 
W  H  Lent 
W  H  Lent 
J  M  Buffington 
W  Letts  Oliver 


Place  of  Business 

302  Montgomery  st 

309  Montgomery  st 

203  Bush  st 

418  California  st 

203  Bush  st 
318  Pine  st 
327  Pine  st 

419  California  st 
20  S  F  Stock  Ex 

203  Bush  ot 

203  Bush  st 

310  Pine  Bfc 

330  Fine  at 

203  Bush  st 

309  Montgomery  st 

320  Sansome  st 

331  Montgomery  s  t 

309  Montgomery  s  t 

309  Montgomery  b  t 

309  California  st 

328  Montgomery  st 


OTHER  COMPANIES-NOT  ON  THE  LISTS  OP  THE  BOARDS. 


Ajax  G  &  S  M  Co 
Amazon  Con  M  Co 
Armand  G  &  S  M  Oo 
Armstrong  G  M  Co 
Butte  Creek  H  M  Co 
Champion  M  Co 
Crcesus  G  &  S  M  Co 
Dudley  M  Co 
Emigrant  S  M  Co 
Fall  Creek  M  Co 
Gover  M  &  M  Co 
Hartford  S  M  Co 
Mayflower  Grav  M  Co 
Mayflower  S  M  Co 
McClinton  M  Co 
Mono  G  M  Co 
Numa  M  Co~ 

Occidental  Con  Grav  M  Co 
Oroville  Grav  M  Co 
Old  Dan  G  &  S  M  Oo 
Oro  M  Co 
Planet  Grav  M  Co 
Rocky  Bar  G  M  Co 
Seg  Europa  M  Co 
SanPedroG&SMCo 
Sigourney  G&SMCo 
Silver  State  M  Co 
Swansea  M  Co 
Tellurium  G  &  S  M  Co 
Union  G  &  S  M  Co 


Name  of  Company. 
Eagle  SM&M  Co 
Union  G  &  S  M  Co 


California  2 

Nevada  6 

California  1 

California  1 

California  2 

Cahfornia  3 

California  1 

California  4 

California  4 

California  3 

California  38 

California  1 

California  5 

Nevada  1 

California  3 

California  4 

Nevada  1 

California  1 

California  2 

California  1 

California  1 

California  — 

California  1 

Nevada  1 

California  1 

California  2 

Nevada  10 

California  1 

California  18 

California  20 


10  June  11 

10  Mar  24 

10  June  9 

05  June  11 

25  Apr  16 

15  Apr  15 

05  June  16 

25  June  12 

50  May  10 

40  June  11 

50  May  21 

50  June  18 

10  June  17 

05  Aprl 

25  May  15 

50  June  21 

03  June  13 

07  May  19 

10  May  31 

35  May  16 

05  

02  May  19 

10  May  26 

25  Apr  4 

.02  May  14 

05  May  15 

06  May  20 
10  June  14 
10  May  29 
05  June  9 


J-dy  14 
Jane  11 
July  28 
July  14 
June  6 
June6 
July  21 
July  16 
July  3 
July  22 
Julyl 
July  21 
July  22 
June  6 
June  20 
July  28 
July  24 
June  23 
June  30 
June  20 
May  8 
June  21 
June  28 
June  27 
June  16 
June  21 
June  24 
July  21 
July  5 
July  10 


Aug  1 

Julyl 

Aug  25 

Augl 

July  7 

July? 

Aug  14 

Aug  11 

July  23 

Aug  14 

Aug  11 

Aug  13 

Aug  8 

June  30 

July  10 

Aug  18 

Aug  11 

July  12 

July  18 

July  10 

July  15 
July  15 
July  14 
July  7 
July  11 
July  22 
Aug  11 
July  31 
July  26 


A  F  Main 

Jno  Crockett 

J  L  Fields 

JWPew 

R  L  Taylor 

Jno  Crockett 

E  Hestres 

E  C  Masten 

B  W  Mudge 

C  Robinson 

W  O  Wilson 

S  Heringhi 

J  Moiizio 

JWPew 

Wm  H  Lent 

W  H  Lent 

D  Wilder 

W  T  Smith 

J  T  McGeoghegan 

Wm  H  Watson 

William  Stuart 

M  Byrne,  Jr 

G  W  Hill 

R  B  Noyes 

T  A  White 

A  Judson 

A  Halsey 

F  N  Delaney 

J  M  Litchfield 

R  Vincent 


MEETINGS  TO  BE  HELD. 


309  California  st 

203  Bush  st 

240  Montgomery  st 

310  Pine  st 

310  Pine  st 

203  Bush  Bt 

32S  Montgomery  Bt 

22  Nevada  Block 

309  Montgomery  st 

310  Pine  at 

402  Front  st 

422  Montgomery  st 

328  Montgomery  st 

310  Pine  at 

309  Montgomery  st 

3fi9  Montgomery  Bt 

328  Montgomery  at 

402  Montgomery  st 

318  Pine  st 

302  Montgomery  at 

320  Sansome  st 

Grass  Valley 

Grass  Valley 

240  Montgomery  st 

113  Leideadoiff  st 

320  Sansome  st 

314  Montgomery  Bt 

315  California  st 

415  Montgomery  et 

Grass  Valley 


Location.    Secretary. 

Nevada    J  E  Dixon 
California    Wm  Rogers 


Office  in  S.  F. 
20  S  F  Stock  Ex 
Grass  Valley 


Mebtino. 
Annual 
Annual 


LATEST  DIVIDENDS-WITHIN    THREE    MONTHS 


Name  of  Company. 
California  M  Co 
Con  Virginia  M  Co 
Excelsior  W  St  M  Co 
Eureka  Con  M  Co 
Napa  Con  Q  M  Co 
Standard  Con  M  Co 
Martin  Wnite  M  Co 


Location.    Secretary. 

Nevada  O  P  Gordon 

Nevada  A  W  Haven 

California  G  P  Thurston 

Nevada  W  W  Traylor 

Cahfornia  Wm  W  Parrish 

California  W  Willis 

Nevada  J  J  Scoville 


Office  in  S.  F. 

23  Nevada  Block 

309  Montgomery  at 

315  Cahfornia  at 

37  Nevada  Block 

328  Montgomery  at 

309  Montgomery  st 

309  Montgomery  st 


Amodnt. 
50 
60 
25 
1  00 
10 
50 
30 


July  7 
JulyS 


Payable 
June  17 
May  15 
Apr  21 
May  21 
Apr  30 
Apr  12 
May  27 


360  Alta, 

65  B&Belcher 173@18 

200  Belcber 6£@6f 

725  Bullion 7L 

625  Benton 5@4J 

260  Con  Dorado 1.70 

300  Con  Washoe 45@55c 

465  Caledonia 2J@2.60 

320  Con  Virginia 5f 

690  Chollar 8@7| 

930  .California 5i@5g 

330  Crown  Point , 

1320  Con  Imperial.. l.(_ 

20  Confidence 14 

360  Exchequer 7i 

200  Fairfax lj 

300  Flowery 70c 

430  Gould  &  Curry. .  .12i@l21 

570  Hale  &  Nor 15|@16i 

480  Julia 4i«*4.15 

925  Justice 31®3i 

195  Kentuck ...5@5* 

100  Kossuth 15c 

300  Leviathan 75c 

1290  Lady  Bryan 1.3  " 

140  Lady  Wash 1 

1395  Mexican 26 

150  Mackey 

400  New  York 65(ct)7Sc 

770  N  Bonanza 1.70@li 

295  North  Con  Vir S: 

50  Ophir 31. 

30  Overman 10;. 

75  Occidental 85c 

105  Potosi 55@5[ 

300  Phil  Sheridan  . . .  .80<$75i 

785  Savage 15i@15 

530  Sierra  Nevada 44@45 

600  Succor. 10<a5c 

400  Silver  Hill l.S0@13 

550  SUtah 25c 

150  S  Potoai 75c 

EO  Solid  Silver ...45c 

440  Scorpion 2 

450  Trojan 25c 

870  Union 47@44 

35  Utah 21<g&2U 

520  Ward li@l.55 

285  Yellow  Jacket 17j 

AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

1605  Argenta 1J«*1 .15 

800  Aurora  T 60@70c 

2465  Addenda 95c@lj 

220  Bodie 21(320i 

940  Belle  Isle 1.70@li 


Booker 1.35@li 

Belvidere 1.80 

Bechtel 13@1.C6 

Bulwer 9@10 

Black  Hawk 2.10 

Champion 50c 

Chieftain 10c 

Con  Pacific 7i@7 

Crcesus 10c 

Dudley 2.20@2.30 

DeFrees 5c 

Defiance li 

DStandard 1| 

Eureka  Con 17 

Fourth  July SOc 

Grand  Prize 4.05(^4 

Gila 90c(rfl.20 

Goodshaw 6K"''5e 

Glynn  Dale 50c 

Hussey 5c 

Hamburg 70@75c 

Highbridge 30c 

Independence  .2.60@2.65 

Jupiter 1 4 

Jackson 5s 

Leopard 1.15 

Manhattan 2j 

Mono 9g@10 

May  Belle 75c 

Mt  Diablo 3 

McClinton 1.66@H 

Mammoth 13J 

Navajo 40c 

Noonday 41(S35 

NNoonday '.2. 10 

Oriental 45c 

Orient 50@55c 

Paradise 1.80 

Queen  Bee 70!&75c 

Richer 75@80c 

Raymond  &  Ely 41 

Red  Cloud 80c 

Summit 2.40@2.t>5 

Syndicate 6J@6 

Silver  King 7 

Star 25@35c 

SBodie 40@45c 

South  Standard 25c 

SBulwer 1.30@1J 

Tuscarora 20c 

Tioga  Con 5J@5£ 

Tiptop 1.15 

University 65@70c 

Vortex 1 

WPacific EOc 


SALES  OF   LAST  WEEK   AND  THIS  COMPARED 


Thnrsd*y  A.M.,  June  19. 

230  Alta 8i@8j 

130  Alpha 25| 

200  Atlantic 50c 

735  Andes 70@65i 

110  Best  &  Belcher. 17: 

1485  Belcher 6i@6, 

1175  Bullion 8J@8i 

1140  Benton 6J@I 

280  Crown  Point H@5\ 

525  Cahfornia 5|@5 

30  ChoUar 8i 

925  Con  Virginia 5j(a5 

2755  Con  Imperial.  .1.85^1.90 

3:0  Caledonia 2,"_ 

100  Confidence 14i@14j 

40  Challenge 2.90 

300  ConWashoe 40c 

580  Con  Dorado 2.10 

100  OP  Ravine... 

1125  Exchequer 

10  Flowery 75c 

350  GouldS  Curry. ...U3(ai2 

320  Hale&Nor 16g@16J 

295  Julia 4.30«*4.40 

355  Justice 32@3. 1" 

220  Kentuck 

225  Kossuth 20c 

2650  Lady  Bryan 1.35@14 

700  Leviathan 75c 

250  Lady  Wash....2.20@1.90 

880  Mexican 33J@33 

280  Maryland 50c 

400  MtView 2*@2.40 

1250  New  York 1 

65  North  Con  Vir f'~' 

495  N  Bonanza 2. 

440  Ophir 

170  Overman 12@11) 

200  Occidental .1 


Thursday  A.9I.,  Juno  26. 

345  Alpha 25i@26 

285  Alta 63 

2S0  Best&  Belcher.  ,18*@18i 

460  Bullion 73@75 

940  Belcher 6j@6f 

370  Benton 5@4.90 

180  Cahfornia 51^5* 

800  Crown  Point 5@4£ 

490  Con  Imperial. .l.S0@l. 85 
190  Chollar li 

80  Con  Virginia. 580*54 

270  Caledonia. 2i@2.60 

50  Challenge 2.90 

300  CDorado 1.70 

435  Exchequer 7g®7J 

650  Fairfax lj 

600  Flowery 65@60c 

635  Gould&Curry...,12>@12 

425  Hale  &  Nor 16i@16 

285  Julia 4^3.90 

440  Justice 4.20@4.10 

250  KoBSUth 20c 

255  LadvWash. 1J@1.80 

560  Leviathan 75@70c 

8M  L  Bryan lj@1.30 

450  Mackey 1.40(^1.30 

1790  Mexican 

150  MtView 

90  New  York.... 
490  N  Bonanza.  ...1.40@1. 60 

15  NConVir 8l@8j 

225  Ophir 3U@31J 

125  Overman 10J@10 

100  Phil  Sheridan 65<a>75c 

320  Potosi 5j@54 

910  Savage 15K&15J 

335  Sierra  Nevada....  *45t<£45i 

600  Succor 10@15c 

250  9  Potosi 75c 


25  Phil  Sheridan 60c 

395  Potosi 6 

280  Plutus 2j 

500  Savage 15J@15l 

450  Succor 60c 

015  SierraNevada 44 

165  Silver  Hill 21(52 

1365  Scorpion 2A@2j 

550  SUtah 35@30c 

475  Solid  Silver 45(£40c 

550  Trojan 30@35c 

770  Union  Con 65@63 

165  Utah 22 

1080  Ward 1.6S@1J 

1200  Wells-Fargo 2o@20c 

100  Woodville 40c 

80  Yellow  Jacket 181 

AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

1000  Argenta 1@1 .05 

100  Albion 35c 

1390  Addenda 50c 

590  Black  Hawk 2J@24 

545  Bodie 42i@42 

1250  Bechtel 1J@1  "" 

1860  Booker 90cl_ 

300  Belle  Isle 1.70@1.65 

185  Bulwer 9J@10 

75  Belvidere 1JG81.85 

480  Champion 50@45c 

500  Croesus 5c 

300  C  Pacific. 

500  Chieftain lOo 

285  Caledonia(BH)....4i((*4i 

200  Day 35(t*40c 

1785  Dudley 1.45@U 

700  D  Standard 50c 

950  DeFrees 

80  Eureka  Con I7@17i 

125  Giant  &  O  A 2*@2 

250  Glynn  Dale 90@80c 

800  Goodshaw 70c 

50  Grand  Prize 3.90 

1040  Gila 

100  Hussey 5c 

200  Hamburg 60c 

100  Hillside .....2 

900  Independence 

50  Jackson 5j 

495  Jupiter 1.90@1.95 

100  Leeds 75c 

85  Leopard 1@1.05 

140  Manhattan 2.60 

215  Martin  White 6i<a7 

480  Mammoth 13@13i 

655  McClinton 1.40<a>i; 

270  Mono 1( 

525  May  Belle 40c 

150  New  Coso 25@20c 

35  Northern  Belle 6 

520  Noonday 4f 

975  NNoonday 2{ 

2350  Navajo 50c 

1530  Oriental 75c 

1300  Orient 30@f" 

100  Paradise 1 

350  Phenix 

1150  Queen  Bee 45@50c 

220  Raymond  &  Ely 44 

250  Star  

200  SBodie 

450  S  Standard 

620  Summit 2.40@2 

430  Syndicate 6@1 

50  Silver  King J 

1750  S  Bulwer 95c@l  .05 

40  Tiptop 1.20 

100  Tuscarora 15c 

1525  Tioga  Con 3J@4 

800  University 65c 

450  Vortex 60c 

250  W  Pacific 40c 


,.40(cf35c 

45c 

..25c 


170  Scorpion 21@2.60 

220  Solid  Silver „.  450 

85  Silver  Hill 1  80 

50  SUtah 25c 

1775  Trojan 25@30c 

40  Utah 21i(o22i 

910  Union  Con 43@45 

300  Woodville 30e 

300  Ward 1  55 

350  Yellow  Jacket. . .  .17i(gl7 


AFTERNOON  SESSION. 

400  Albion 40@35o 

800  Argenta 1.10@1.15 

650  Aurora  T .65@75c 

1275  Addenda 95c@l 

295  Bodie 22@22i 

250  Bechtel 15@1.80 

1475  Belle  Isle lj@1.20 

40  Bulwer 10 

1180  Booker lj@I  ,30 ' 

60  Black  Hawk 2i@2.20 

100  Belvidere 1.85 

200  Chieftain 50o 

85  C  Pacific 7i@7J 

1500  Crossus 10c 

950  Champion SOc 

200  Caledonia  (BE) 4 

150  Day 35@30c 

100  DeFrees 5c 

975  Dudley 1.90(S2 

650  Defiance ]4 

725  D  Standard.... 1.20@1. 10 

100  Eureka  Con 165 

100  Fourth  .luly 75c 

405  GrandPrize 4.10^4 

150  Gila 1.15@1.10 

615  GoodBhaw 60@65c 

300  Glynn  Dale 70c 

900  Hussey 10@5c 

250  Hamburg 60(f?50c 

885  Independence  .2.60(62.40 

2170  Jupiter. 2j@2J 

200  Jackson 5 

120  Leopard 1.15 

300  Leeds 90c@l 

535  May  Belle 50c 

260  Mono lli<aiH 

65  MWhite 7 

50  Mammoth 13 

70  Mt  Diablo 2J@3 

200  McClinton 1.40@1.35 

300  Navajo 35c 

50  Northern  Belle 6 

6'0  NNoonday 2.10@2 

2690  Oriental 50@55c 

600  Paradise lj@1.90 

1930  Queen  Bee 8Cc(31 

550  Richer 85c 

260  Red  Cloud 75c 

100  Raymond  &  Ely 4 

60  Silver  King 7@7i 

550  Summit 2J@2.60 

240  Syndicate 6 

1100  SBulwer 1.30(9)1.35 

490  S  Bodie 35®)40c 

SOO  S  Standard 25@20c 

600  Tuscarora 10@20c 

3G5  Tiptop 1.15@11 

1995  Tioga  Con 63«?-6$ 

700  University 70@fi5c 

750  Vortex 75(g85c 

50  W  Pacific 50c 


Pacific  Board— Latest  Sales. 


WefTsdayA.M.,Jirae  25, 

20  Alta 7!@Si 

310  Belcher 61<g6j 

10  Best  &  Belcher It 

100  Bechtel 1.8! 

100  Booker li 

386  Bullion 7j<Sl 

HO  Chollar 7S@i 

10  Con  Virginia 6.31 

300  Con  Imperial l.St 


CrownPoint 5@5.05 

Gould  &  Curry 121 

Hale  i  Nor 16«»]6 

Julia 41(84  20 

Mexican 2)j(326j 

Ophir 3li<»31| 

Potosi 5)05§ 

Savage Iff 

Sierra  Nevada .44 

Silver  Hill 1.90 

Tiger  (B) 75° 


June  28,  1879.1 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


413 


60  W  Pacific 50c;  265 

60  Yellow  Jacket 17|  W 

AFTERNOON  SKHSlON.  SO 

10  Aiuha 26  300 

170  Beuton i. 

10  Black  Hawk I'MIM 

70  Bullion 7ja7|  lu 

110  Crown  Poiut ^ 

50  California. 5|  7M 

50  Caledonia 1.4!  10 

100  GlUt 1  10 

W  Could  *  Curry Ill  300 

270  JuMtlce 3  « 


Ladj  Bryan li 

Martin  White 64 

Mexican 25* 

N  Standard 2 

Ophb 30 

Succor 10c 

Savage 15 

Sliver  Hill 1.80 

TIf«r(B) 75c 

Union  Coo 4:'i 

Utah II 

Walker 

Yellow  Jacket  .    1 


California  Board— Latest  Sales. 


TTcd'ada)  A.M.,  June  15. 

20  AlDha 25  j 

50  Alta 7iw7l 

40  Belcher 6|<J«H 

30  Bent*  Belcher... 17|(i!l7 
Lion 7i 

200  Brilliant 5@10c 

200  Con  Waiboe «0c 

30  CaUforula 

40  Coo  Virginia 

200  Con  Imperial 

CO  Crown  Point Sfrtoi 

55  Challenge 2.90v»2.M 

2200  Coao  Con f&Sc 

250  Defiance 1.65 

45  Exchequer If 

50  Could  &Curry...l21(a:]2l 

40  Hale  4  Nor lUOlfil 

70  JuUa U<iS.» 

100  Justice 3.30^3.41.' 

550  Kossuth 20<£?2dc 

50  Lady  Bryan 1-3" 

100  Monumental 3c 

45  Mexican 261(3261 

390  North  Canton. 42Jc 

30  Ophlr 3li(«31! 

50  Savage 15»^15i 

115  Senator 30c 

60  Silver  Jacket 60c 

50  Succor 3  ic 

450  Tiger 70c 

500  Wm  Penn 25c 


AFTERNOON  MISSION. 

30  Alpha. 25 

45  Alta Jl 

300  Almaden  U 1-U 

100  A*D» 37|c 

4U  Belcher 6] 

30  Beat  &  Belcher. . .  i7|W17i 

50  Bulliui. 71"i7j 

80  California BTOGl 

v:u  rjon  Virginia !>\ 

320  Con  Imperial. .1.70M1.8O 

55  Crown  Point 5 

120  Caledonia 2.^0 

1500  ConoCon fc<fli>e 

*J0  Exchequer 71«<71 

500  Kntcrnrue 1| 

30  GouldiCurry Hi 

MM  Golden  Chariot 10c 

60  Hale  &  Nor l.v...  1:.; 

70  Julia 4.05M4.1Q 

60  Justice 3i(tf3.20 

50  Mexican 2S]@35] 

250  North  Carson 45«4uc 

tOO  rTewark 15c 

30  Ophir 29J 

500  Orient _.70c 

40  Savage 14|@I41 

300  BTJUh 26c 

100  Trojan 25c 

400  Tiger  <W) 1} 

300  Tigcr(B) 75c 

50  TInionCon 44<?44j 

30  Yellow  Jacket 17j 


The  Mining  Share  Market 

Failure  of  a  crosscut  and  non-appearance  of 
ore  bodies  in  levels  where  expected,  have  caused 
disappointment  and  a  depression  in  certain 
quarters,  from  which  the  market  fails  to  rally. 
Although  the  controlling  powers  seem  to  have 
supported  their  expectations  with  an  outlay  of 
coin,  the  fear  of  the  "gift-bearing  Greeks"  has 
prevented  a  general  movement  on  the  part  of 
outsiders,  and  a  feeling  of  safety  exists  in  spite 
of  the  dull  and  weak  market.  Rich  finds  and 
glowing  accounts  do  not  appear  to  excite  the 
cupidity  of  investors  so  much  as  formerly,  and 
a  common  sense  caution  seems  now  to  pervade 
the  minds  of  those  who  heretofore  have  passed 
the  time  dreaming  of  "Aladdin's  lamp  "  and 
sudden  wealth  through  wildcat  sources. 


Bullion  Product. 


The  bullion  product  of  the  United  States  for 
1878  was,  in  round  numbers,  §85,000,000.  There 
was  a  faUing  off  in  Nevada  of  about  $16,700,- 
000,  but  a  general  increase  in  the  national  pro- 
duction outside  the  Comstock, 

Russian  possessions,  increasing  slowly,  and 
now  some  §18,000,000  per  annum.  Hungary 
and  Trannsylvania;  decreasing  now  about  §1,- 
300,000  per  annum.  Asia,  irregular;  probably 
$2,000,000  can  be  expected,  and  about  one-half 
this  amount  from  Africa.  South  America;  de- 
creasing rapidly,  with  a  present  total  produc- 
tion not  to  exceed  $8,000,000  per  annum.  Aus- 
tralia; decreasing,  with  a  present  annual  pro- 
duction of  about  $20,000,000.  New  Zealand; 
steady,  $6,000,000  per  annum. 

As  to  silver,  Great  Britain  is  steadily  pro- 
ducing about  600,000  ounces  per  annum;  the 
Norway  mines  about  200,000  ounces,  and  the 
Sala  mine,  in  Sweden,  about  24,000  ounces  per 
annum. 

The  Schemnitz  district,  the  main  producer  of 
the  Hungary,  Transylvania  and  Banat  silver 
mines  is  fallng  off,  and  its  annual  produc- 
tion of  1,000,000  ounces,  is  decreasing.  The 
Freiberg  mines,  of  Saxony,  now  yield  some  750,- 
000  pounds  per  annum,  and  are  sustaining  this 
yield,  but  the  reBt  of  Europe  does  not  probably 
produce  300,000  ounces  per  annum. 

Mexican  production  is  Bteadily  decreasing, 
and  now  does  not  exceed  18,000,000  ounces  per 
annum,  against  quadruple  that  40  years  since. 
The  yield  of  Peru,  Chile  and  other  South  and 
Central  American  States,  is  rapidly  decreasing, 
and  together  does  not  exceed  6,650,000  ounces, 
or  about  one-half  the  average  annual  yield  of 
Cerro  de  Rasco  mines  for  a  century  after  their 
discovery. 

Adulterations  of  French  Wines.  — It 
seems  that  the  French  government  is  awaking 
to  the  adulteration  of  wine  with  fuchsine.  The 
government  has  heretofore  taken  measures  to 
stop  it  in  the  home  used  wine,  and  now  it  is 
seen  that  the  exportation  of  this  adulterated 
Btuff  must  sooner  or  later  destroy  the  foreign 
trade  in  French  wine.  Probably  the  rapid 
growth  of  demand  for  pure  California  wine  is 
aiding  in  bringing  attention  to  this  matter.  The 
action  by  the  French  government  is  taken  too 
late,  but  seems  to  be  vigorously  pushed.  A 
large  consignment  of  wine  adulterated  with 
fuchsine  has  just  been  seized  at  Malaga,  where 
they  had  arrived  from  Valence.  The  Ministry 
has  consequently  directed  the  authorities  at  all 
the  French  ports,  and  on  the  Spanish  frontier, 
to  cause  all  wines  intended  for  export  to  be 
analyzed,  and  to  aUow  only  such  to  pass  as  are 
found  pure. 


,INING     SUMMARY. 


The  following  ia  mostly  condensed  from  Journals  pub- 
lished In  t lie  Interior,  Id  proximity  to  the  mines  mentioned. 


CALIFORNIA. 
AMADOR. 

Ki1.11  IliH-K.  —  Dispatch,  June  21:     Mr.  Owen  Kelly,  pro- 

prletor  of  too  Kelh  mine,  00  Horpliy'a  ridge,  showed  us 
un  utnordloary  rich  pleos  of  quartz  which  be  bed  taken 

(r.jin  In,  claim,  ouly  a  short  distance  below  the  surface, 
lust  week,  which  contained  a  large  amount  of  gold,  vary- 
ing In  size  from  the  point  ol  a  pin  i<>  thai  of  an  ordinary 

pea.      The  k-ti^,'.',  he  wiys,   it    15   ft    wide    at    the   tup,    and 

v  uuiiaitii.il  01  increasing  In  width  .13  tnej  go 
down.  He  is  now  running  a  tunnel  (ur  the  puri>ose  of 
tapping  the  lodge  at  t>  depth  of  about  1,500  ft  bom  tbe 

surface,  and  now  hafl  only  about  100  ft  farther  to  run  be- 
fore striking  the  mala  body  of  rock. 

Items-  Ledger,  June  81:  The  Amador  grave]  company, 
whoso  claim  is  situated  two  miles  east  of  Jackson,  arc 
operating  on  the  gravel  bank  with  two  "giants"  and  400 
Inches  of  water.  The  ore  from  the  Lorraine  quartz  mine, 
near  Jackson  Gate,  recently  hauled  t"  the  Moore  mill  and 
crushed,  surrendered  between  $0  and  $7  per  ton.  The 
rock  so  far  crushed  from  Millo's  claim  is  reported  to  have 
yielded  a  paving  quantity  of  gold. 

BUTTE. 

Itkm8,~ Jiecord,  June  21:  The  stay  of  injunction  in  the 
Keycs'  debris  suit  expired  yesterday,  and  we  understand 
that  slieiilf  Harkey  will  serve  the  official  papers  on  the 
mining  companies  to-day. 

Mixino  Notes.— Mercury,  June  20:  Sun  Francisco  capi- 
talists have  organized  a  mining  company  under  the  title  of 
the  Alki  mining  company,  and  began  operations  upon  the 
West  Branch,  about  two  and  one-fourth  miles  from  Dog- 
town.  Numerous  nugects  have  been  taken  from  the 
mine,  the  largest  weighing  two  ounces  and  the  smallest 
worth  81. 

CALAVERAS. 

Items.—  Chronicle,  June  21:  A  clean-up  lately  mode  at 
the  Mammoth  hydraulic,  Tunnel  ridge,  yielded  some  hun- 
dreds of  ounces.  Another  clean-up  was  lately  made  at  the 
Bonanza  hydraulic.  Miller  &  Co.  proprietors.  The  divi- 
dends declared  by  the  Bonanza  during  the  year  are  said  to 
have  aggregated  the  sum  of  $2,000  per  share. 

EL  DORADO- 

Notes.— Democrat,  Juno  21:  Encouraging  develop- 
ments have  been  made  at  the  Placerville  gold  quartz  min- 
ing company's  (the  old  Pacific)  claim.  The  company  have 
purchased  the  St.  Lawrence  mill  and  are  setting  it  up. 
The  Index  mine,  about  one  mile  west  of  Spanish  Hat,  has 
reached  a  ledge  about  eight  ft  wide,  with  footwall  of  slate 
and  hanging  wall  of  slate  streaked  with  serpentine,  and 
from  this  ledge  have  been  already  taken  out  a  number  of 
very  handsome  samples  of  quartz,  in  which  the  free  gold 
is  liberally  disseminated. 

MONO- 

Syndicate. — Standard,  June  19:  The  Syndicate  com- 
pany is  out  of  debt  and  has  $20,000  in  the  treasury,  be- 
sides $10,000  worth  of  supplies  ahead.  A  crosscut  is  to  be 
run  from  the  north  line  of  the  Tioga  company's  claim 
across  the  bluff  from  the  Bechtcl  to  the  Blackhawk. 

Maryland  Con. — An  increased  force  of  miners  has  been 
put  on  in  this  mine,  and  now  two  shifts  of  men  have  been 
Bet  at  work. 

Mammoth.—  News,  June  19:  We  learn  that  another  rich 
body  of  gold-bearing  rock  was  struck  in  the  winze  going 
down  from  the  second  crosscut  in  the  middle  tunnel  of  the 
Mammoth  mine,  at  Lake  district.  Our  informant  states 
that  the  present  find  exceeds  in  richness  any  ever  discov- 
ered in  this  really  wonderful  mine. 

NEVADA. 

Hydraulic  Mining.— Grass  Valley  Union,  June  21: 
There  are  very  few  hydraulic  claims  that  will  pay  by  drift- 
ing, as  the  ground  will  yield  so  little  gold  to  the  cubic 
yard  that  a  very  large  amount  of  earth  must  be  removed 
by  the  speedy  and  cheap  process  of  using  a  large  head  of 
water.  To  drift  such  claims  would  bo  a  dead  loss  to  the 
claim  owner.  They  must  be  worked  by  hydraulic  process, 
or  not  at  all.  There  are  some  claims  that  of  necessity 
must  be  drifted,  as  the  amount  of  earth  lying  over  the  pay 
channel  is  too  great  to  be  removed;  but  these  claims  are 
invariably  richer  than  the  hydraulic  ones. 

Items.— Foothill  Tidings,  June  21:  Wilson  Foster  and 
John  GriBsel  will  soon  commence  operations  in  their 
quartz  lead  near  the  Yuba  mine,  above  Washington.  They 
have  a  vein  of  very  rich  quartz  about  four  inches  thick  at 
the  top  gradually  widening  as  they  go  down,  so  that  at  a 
depth  of  14  ft  it  is  about  18  inches  wide.  The  Hathaway 
company  (gravel),  near  Omega,  are  running  night  and  day. 
They  have  passed  through  the  bar  heavy  boulders  on  the 
front  and  have  come  into  splendid-looking  blue  gravel, 
containing  many  rich  nuggets  of  gold.  Their  supply  of 
water  will  last  Bix  weeks  or  two  months  longer.  The  Live 
Yankee  mine  is  developing  finely.  They  have  60  tons  or 
more  on  the  dump,  and  are  taking  out  three  tons  each 
shift  as  they  drive  along  the  ledge.  A  clean-up  of  $2,200 
was  made  from  ore  from  the  Scadden  Flat  mine  Wednes- 
day. The  yield  per  load  was  not  ascertained,  but  the  run 
ib  stated  to  be  a  favorable  one.  Talbot's  gravel  claim,  on 
Gold  flat,  is  being  worked  regularly  by  six  or  more  men. 
Hydraulicking  has  been  abandoned  and  drifting  com- 
menced at  the  south  end  of  the  channel.  The  gravel  looks 
well.  The  tunnel  of  the  Planet  gravel  claim  is  now  in  a 
distance  of  1,880  ft,  at  which  point  an  upraise  is  being 
made  into  gravel.  Drifts  will  be  run  to  prospect  the 
claim.  Amine  is  being  opened  under  the  very  heart  of 
Nevada  City,  and  promises  well.  The  Orleans  mill  is  now 
running  through  a  crushing  of  Centennial  rock. 

Oriental.— Nevada  City  Transcript:  The  mill  is  run- 
ning steadily  on  No.  1  ore,  and  the  plates  are  looking  well. 
They  are  pushing  the  work  on  the  fifth  and  sixth  levels 
with  indications  of  making  a  rich  Btrikesoon.  The  vein  is 
nine  ft  wide  at  bottom  of  shaft  in  ore  assaying  $24  per  ton. 

PLACER. 

Tub  Alhambra. — Argus,  June  21:  The  Alhambra  min- 
ing company  are  now  erecting  a  10-Btamp  mill  and  hoist- 
ing works  about  three-fourths  of  a  mile  east  of  Penryn. 

Itemb.— Herald,  June  21:  At  Independence  hill  the 
Superintendent  of  the  old  Metcalf  &  Reno  claims,  in  64 
dayB  (24  hours  each),  with  a  560-inch  stream,  300-ft  pres- 
sure, has  washed  eight  acres,  averaging  75  ft  deep,  which 
will  give  an  average  of  over  10,000  cubic  yards  of  gravel 
per  day.  Though  this  ground  will  only  average  three  and 
one-third  cents  per  yard,  the  total  purchase  money  and 
expense  of  fitting  up  have  already  been  paid  this  season. 
The  cost  per  day  was  $120,  including  water.  The  sluices 
are  40  inches  wide,  with  12  inches  grade  to  the  12  ft;  un- 
dercurrents 100  inches  wide  and  50  ft  long,  with  grade  18 
inches  to  12  ft. 

SIERRA. 

Derbbc  Mining  Company. — Downleville  Messenger,  June 
21:  This  company  has  put  in  three  shifts  of  eight  hours 
each  and  pay  $2.60  per  day. 

Bonanza  Tunnel.— One  thousand  one  hundred  ft  have 
been  completed.  The  facewall  gravel;  50  to  60  ft  of  tun- 
nel are  being  made  every  week. 

Plumas  Eureka. — From  Dr.  Leonard  we  learn  that  the 
Plumas  Eureka  mine  is  now  giving  employment  to  250 
men.  A  new  40-stamp  mill,  run  by  a  turbine  wheel,  has 
just  been  completed,  and  will  crush  about  100  tons  of  ore 
daily. 

SHASTA- 

Bullycuoop. — Reading  Independent,  June  10:  Morning 
Star  mine  is  having  a  five-stamp  mill  erected.  Red  Bluff 
mine  has  100  tons  of  rich  ore  on  the  dump.  A  pack-train 
will  carry  the  ore  two  miles  to  the  mill.  The  Bullychoop 
company  are  running  a  tunnel  to  tap  their  ledge  at  a 
depth  of  300  ft. 


TUOLUMNE. 

Silver  Orb.—  t'nwn- Democrat,  June  21:  James  Tul- 
lock  came  to  town  on  Wednesday,  after  an  absence  of  two 
months  st  the  mining  cl«lms  he  Is  developing,  ab<>ut  00 
miles  east  of  Soimn.  He  brought  ore  from  two  different 
veins  which  cam  gdlvor  ud  promise  very  will  from  assays 
already  nude  and  will  have  the  ores  further  tested. 

YUBA 

Lose  Turk  Hill.— J.  M.  C.  Jasper  has  shown  the 
Wheatland  Jtrcordcr  a  Bpcciinen  from   the   DQWlj 

cred  quart/  11 v.  bjuI  Ol  Wheat* 

land,  in  the  vicinity  of  the  Lone  Tree  lull.  It  \b  claimed 
that  it  is  the  richest  quartz  discovery  ever  inadu  111  this 
section.  The  ledge  runs  in  an  uasterlv  and  westerly  di- 
rection, and  pitches  north  The  Shaft  from  which*  this 
1  dun,  ll  DOW  down  B0  (t.  The  ledge  is  two  and 
a  halt  ft  wide  A  crushing  was  mode  of  a  piece  not  much 
larger  than  a  pound  trelght,  in  a  hand  mortar,  und  yielded 
about  $1.50  worth  of  gold. 

NEVADA. 
WASHOE  DISTRICT. 

Sierra  Nkvaim-Mkxiox-L'sion  Shaft  Co.— Gold  Hill 
New,  June  26:  Shaft  has  attained  145  ft  below  1700  level 
of  Sierra  Nevada,  passing  through  hard  blasting porphvry. 

Alta.— North  drift,  on  1600  level,  is  30  ft  in  Lady  Wash- 
ington ground,  aim  in  quartz.  North  drift,  1750  level, 
has  been  run  128  ft,  touching  the  clay  of  thu  vein,  and 
turned  parallel  With  ledge. 

Sitro  Ti-ssKi..— The  sub-drain  has  not  been  completed 
clear  Up  to  the  Savage  connection,  but  the  boxes  have 
been  laid  and  connections  made  with  the  mines  ready  to 
conduct  the  water  off. 

Trojan —Northeast  drift,  3d  level,  is  In  lively  quartz. 
North  drift,  2d  level,  is  in  low  grade  ore.  Total  length, 
100  ft. 

Bullion.— Bottom  is  in  hard  vein  porphyry,  carrying 
seams  of  clay  and  quartz. 

OniiR.  — Tank  at  1403  station  completed,  ready  for  con- 
nection with  the  Sutro  tunnel;  1200  bob-station  enlarged 
and  rctimbered.  Good  milling  ore  and  fair  vein  matter  IB 
being  encountered. 

Union  Cos. — Incline  in  83  ft,  the  face  in  cap  rock,  con- 
taining richer  stringers  of  quartz. 

Belchkr.— The  south  crosscut,  2500  level,  has  struck 
more  quartz,  and  found  some  water. 

Nortu  Bonanza— An  upraise  is  commenced  to  meet 
the  Rule  winze  and  connect  it  with  the  200  level.  South 
drift,  into  Fluwcry  ground,  has  been  swung  around  to 
the  west  to  reach  the  edge  of  the  ledge. 

Overman.— Vertical  winze,  below  1000  level,  is  encoun- 
tering much  water.  Heavy  flow  of  water  in  Forman  shaft 
—150,000  gallons  daily. 

Sierra  Nevada.  — Heavy  flow  of  water  in  incline— 200,- 

000  gallons  daily.     Final  shipment  of  bullion    for   June 
will  be  made  July  1st. 

Cos.  Virginia.— Shipped  last  evening,  12  bars  bullion 
valued  at  $57,233.39.  Total  for  month,  3101,515.44.  Joint 
west  drift,  850  level,  is  being  pushed  through  a  soft,  moist 
formation,  which  requires  timbering.  South  drift,  2150 
level,  is  in  200  ft,  with  face  in  vein  matter,  carrying  quartz 
in  stringers. 

Justice.— Veins  and  spots  of  ore  encountered  on  the 
1300  level,  in  crosscut  five,  and  in  the  lateral  drift. 

Savage. — Connection  with  Gould  &  Curry  on  1600  level 
completed  and  all  ready  for  Sutro  tunnel.  Water  in  mine 
remains  stationary. 

Con.  Imperial. — Drift  on  2600  level  averages  six  ft  per 
day  along  wall  of  the  vein;  total  length,  390  ft. 

Caledonia.  — The  Forman  shaft  is  down  756  ft,  encount- 
ering a  heavy  flow  of  water. 

Gould  &  Curry.— Face  of  joint  east  crosscut,  1700  level, 
is  960  ft  from  lateral  drift. 

Ward.— Strong  flow  of  water  in  bottom  of  shaft,  which 
is  down  1,520  ft. 

Silver  Hill.— Breaking  a  pump  flooded  the  mine  last 
Friday  week  to  90  ft.  Upper  workings  yielding  low-grade 
ure. 

Lady  Bryan.— East  drift,  on  750  level,  is  in  vein  por- 
phyry carrying  streaks  of  quartz.  Pumps  lowered  to  750 
level,  air  pipes  carried  down  and  Bhaft  partitioned  for 
ventilation. 

Yellow  Jacket.— East  and  west  drifts  both  cutting  hard 
porphyry. 

Utau. — Excavations  for  a  balance-bob  in  the  incline 
have  been  commenced. 

Brophy. — Tunnel  shows  indications  of  nearing  the  vein. 

EUREKA  DISTRICT 

Belmont.— Some  rich  ore  bodies  are  being  opened  up 
in  this  mine.  Specimens  brought  in  show  a  yield  as  high 
as  $1, C00  to  the  ton  in  silver  when  run  through  the  mill, 

GOOD  HOPE  DISTRICT. 

Aurora.— This  mine  has  an  incline  140  ft  deep  and  drift 
of  50  ft  on  a  four-ft  ledge;  all  milling  ore  assaying  from 
$20  to  $2,000  per  ton.  The  mineral  is  ruby,  native  and 
stophenite.  There  are  40  tons  of  ore  on  the  dumps,  which 
will  mill  from  $200  to  $500  per  ton. 

Page  &  Kelley.—  This  mine  adjoins  the  Aurora.  In- 
cline 130  ft  deep  on  ledge  and  25  ft  of  drift  at  bottom. 
Vein  between  walls  is  four  ft  thick,  20  inches  of  it  ore;  as- 
say from  $60  to  $2,700. 

You  and  I.  — Carries  same  character  of  ore  oa  Aurora; 
three  tons  of  the  ore  worked  $200  per  ton. 

JUNGO  DISTRICT. 

The  mines  in  this  district  are  reported  rich  and  perma- 
nent. The  leads  are  well  defined  and  the  ores  rich  enough 
to  pay  for  shipping  them. 

PARADISE  DISTRICT. 

Bullion.—  Silver  State,  June  21:  Bullien  valued  at 
$1,800  was  received  at  Wells,  Fargo  &  Co/a  office  here  yes- 
terday from  the  Sedan  mill,  Paradise  valley. 

Solid  Silver. — Sentinel,  June  21:  Shaft  down  40  ft  in 
a  four  and  one-half  ft  vein,  and  plenty  of  free  milling  ore 
taken  out. 

Big  Prize. — A  rich  body  of  ore  is  reported  to  have  been 
struck.  A  piece  was  Bhown  the  size  of  a  hen's  egg  and  more 
than  half  ailver. 

PIOCHE  DISTRICT. 

Blue  Bell. — A  rich  body  of  ore  has  been  struck  at  a 
depth  of  80  ft. 

Mayflower.— The  ore  in  the  stopes,  north  drift,  averages 
five  and  one-half  ft  in  width;  assays  lately  made  range 
from  $167  to  $235  per  ton. 

Hil  side  furnace  is  running  stendily.  The  assay  value 
of  bullion  output  in  May  amounted  to  S65, 192.83.  In  .the 
west  drift,  fifth  level,  a  body  of  ore  has  been  encountered 
the  same  as  that  above  it. 

A  ledge  has  been  discovered  in  Buffalo  canyon,  four 
miles  from  Buffalo  station,  on  the  Idaho  road;  ore  assay, 
$155.16  per  ton. 

UNION  DISTRICT. 

Mineb  upon  which  croppings  assayed  only  $20  to  $25  are 
found  to  yield  at  10  ft  from  Burface  ore  at  $60  per  ton. 

ARIZONA. 

Mining  Notes.— Sil vcr  Belt,  June  18:  We  understand 
that  at  the  depth  of  150  ft  a  great  improvement  ia  visible 
in  the  ore  body  of  the  Independence  lode.  It  ia  richer 
than  it  has  been  heretofore,  is  more  compact  and  more 
abundant  in  quantity.  McGargil,  Martin  and  McCarthy 
are  running  a  drift  into  the  Continental  from  the  bottom 
of  another  shaft  near  the  gulch,  and  will  strike  the  Conti- 
nental vein  at  about  40  ft  from  the  Burface.  Mr.  H.  C. 
Hoffman,  of  McMillcn,  has  just  had  55  pounds  of  ore  speci- 
mens worked  at  the  Hoskin  mill,  and  as  the  product  was 
19  pounds  six  ounces  of  bullion,  nearly  800  fine,  our  read- 
ers will  understand  that  the  Globe  district  ores  are  un- 
usually rich.  The  specimens  referred  to  came  from  differ- 
ent minea  in  the  district  and  averaged  one-third  pure  sil- 
ver. 

Mohave  County.—  Phoenix  Herald,  June  18:  Mohave 
county  is  said  to  contain  aome  of  the  richest  mineral  de- 
posits in  this  Territory.  The  CongreBS  mine,  in  Cedar  val- 
ley, is  now  down  74  ft,  but  is  to  be  put  down  to  a  depth  of 

1  290  ft.     Some  35  tons  of  ore  have  been  shipped  to   San 


Francisco  averaging  $47$  lo  the  ton.    Tho  ore  seam  is  10 
ft  wide  between  granite  and  porphyry.     Hoisting  works 
will  goon  be  erected.     The  miners  are  well  pleased  with 
their  property  and  think  they  have  a  bonanza. 
Silver  Kino  Mink— Smthui,  June  U:    The  new  work- 

tug  shaft  b«  down  1 « -7  it,  vertically,  mid  will  strike  the 
principal  vein,  which  inclines  at  an  Ufrie  "f  46°,  in  about 
Kfi  ft  more.  The  Incline  following  tbe  vein  is  down  206  ft. 
Complete  steam  hoisting  worki  in  on  the  ground  and 
woald  have  been  working  before  now  but  that  tbe  shire 
was  sent  by  mistake  to  Silver  Hill,  Nevada.  T 
shaft  is  now  50  ft  below  the  fourth  level,  on  wblefa  leTel 
the  Vein  ll  77  ft  Wide.  Theorc-brc.ist  on  the  third  level 
measures  42  ft.  Tlie  walls  en  perfect  and  of  syenitlc 
Plenty  of  fuel  and  water,  (ho  amount  ol  ore  in- 
axhaastlble,  6,000  tons  on  the  damp  and  80  tone  per  day 
an  radooed  to  oooeentmUonE  Blxteeo  thousand  pounds 
were  sent  to  Ban  Pmoeltoo  last  week. 

T.'Miivi  .-.i  -in  -,m.  r-  star,  June  14:  Eight  bare  of  bul- 
lion, valued  at  $14.74-1,  Imvc  just  been  received  by  Safford, 
Hudson  A:  Co.,  for  Gov.  SafTord,  of  Philadelphia.  This  is 
the  first  shipment  of  bullion  by  the  Tombstone  company, 
and  Is  the  result  of  third  class  ore.  There  ia  another  tot 
■  >!  .ilmvit  SJO.tji.KJ  ,.t  the  mill   awaiting   transportation,  and 

it  is  estimated  thai  ere  manj  dan  the  Tombstone  mill  will 
run  out  at  the  rate  of  $5,000  to  810,000  per  day. 

Tim  Hkuseuw  Minks  —They  consist  uf  11  group  of  nine 
mines,  the  nardtdiell,  second  eastern  extension  Ol  the 
Hardshell,  Sotolls,  Hermoso,  Salvador,  South  King.  Ba> 
pan,  Scotty,  and  Surveyor.  Then  are  seven  cuts  on  the 
Hernn.sn,  Eight  hundred  ft  uf  the  claim  shows  excellent 
ore.  The  depth  of  the  main  shaft  is  25  ft.  The  ore  vein  Is 
IS  ft  wide,  and  grows  richer  with  depth.  The  Salvador 
has  two  cuts,  one  seven  und  the  other  eight  ft  in  depth, 
with  same  character  uf  ure  as  the  HerniOBO.  The  Hard- 
shell has  a  cut  30  ft  across  the  ledge,  with  30  tons  of  ore 
on  the  dump.  This  cut  is  on  the  south  end  of  the  mine, 
in  a  deep  gulch.  From  this  point  a  tunnel  will  be  run  in 
on  the  ledge.  There  are  two  more  cuts  200  ft  from  thin; 
both  show  good  ore.  The  Hardshell  has  a  12-ft  shaft,  all 
on  ore;  the  width  is  not  yet  ascertained.  Horn  silver  has 
been  found  in  various  quantities  at  all  points  of  develop- 
ment. The  South  King  lias  two  cuts,  the  Fagan  one.  Tho 
character  of  the  ore  is  low  grade,  but  in  large  quantities. 
AH  of  these  properties  are  freemilliug  ore.  Bit  uatod  within  a 
radius  of  one  mile.  The  mill  site  Is  only  one  and  a  half 
miles  from  the  farthest  location  of  the  group.  Water  and 
timher  are  plenty;  oak  on  the  highlands,  ash  and  cotton- 
wood  in  the  valley. 

COLORADO. 

Lady  Gat.— Silver  Cliff  Prospector,  June  13:  At  the 
distance  of  seven  ft  in  this  lode,  a  vein  of  galena  and  gray 
copper  has  been  encountered.  One  piece  weighing  88 
pounds  taken  from  thiB  lode,  can  be  Been  at  Mr.  Mulkey's 
place. 

Wyandotte  Chief.— A  recent  assay  in  this  lode  ran  as 
high  as  SI, 100. 

Jayiiawker.—  An  assay  of  rock  taken  from  this  lode  ran 
84,317.70. 

Rocky  Mountain. — This  lode  ia  now  working  in  an  18- 
inch  vein. 

Central  City.— The  Golden  Globe  says:  Three  men  are 
working  the  placer  mines  at  the  mouth  of  the  canyon, 
cleaning  up  $60  to  $80  per  week. 

Boulder. — News,  June  13:  We  were  shown  fine  speci- 
mens of  manguisite  and  tellurium,  from  the  Logan  mine, 
on  Sugar  Loaf.  Considerable  ore  is  coming  out,  running 
as  high  as  310. 

Dolly  Varden. — The  returns  from  the  last  mill  run  of 
a  large  lot  of  ore  was  as  follows:  First  class,  624  ounces; 
second  class,  313  ounces;  third  cIosb,  200  ounces. 

Mastodon.  —Fine  mineral  has  been  struck. 

San  Juan  Bullion  Co.— Tunnel  on  the  Loma  lode  Is  In 
125  ft,  and  good  ore  is  being  taken  out. 

Big  Giant.— Shaft  down  26  ft  and  tunnel  30  ft.  Has  a 
good  streak  of  galena  and  gray  copper. 

Red  Elephant.—  A  vein  of  ore  has  been  Intersected  in 
this  mine,  which  ia  20  inches  solid,  and  2-1  inches  scat- 
tered.    Mineral  assays  160  to  200  ounces  of  silver  per  ton. 

IDAHO. 

Mammotii  Mine  — TTorW,  June  17:  This  mine,  on  Sum- 
mit Flat,  has  between  700  and  800  tons  of  good  ore  on 
the  dump.     The  mill  is  running. 

Bonanza  City.— About  150  men  are  prospecting  in  the 
Saw-Tooth  range,  and  have  found  some  very  rich  float. 
Between  1,000  and  1,600  men  are  prospering  in  the 
Salmon  river  country. 

Items.— The  Buzz  Fuzz  shaft  ia  down  25  ft,  and  a  small 
feeder,  that  contains  gold,  has  been  crossed.  The  mine 
will  be  reached  in  about  five  more  feet.  Mr.  JameB  Fre- 
aner  has  discovered  a  ledge  somewhere  near  the  head  of 
Thorn  Creek  ditch,  that  assays  $32  per  ton  in  silver. 

Yankee  Fork.— Immigration  to  this  section  has  been 
immense  during  the  past  three  or  four  months,  but  there 
are  now  scarcely  300  people  in  both  Cballls  and  Bonanza 
City.  Men  accustomed  to  mining  camps  can  see  at  a 
glance  that  there  is  nothing  to  do,  and  many  of  them 
have  gone  to  Montana,  Salmon  river  mines  and  other  por- 
tions of  Idaho.  The  mines  are  rich  beyoud  anything  that 
has  been  said  of  them,  but  with  the  exception  of  two,  are 
non-producing,  and  must  necessarily  be  so  until  their 
owners  can  erect  mills  A  small  quantity  of  ore  has  been 
sacked  and  shipped  to  Salt  Lake  from  the  Norton  mine, 
and  the  yield  was  very  large.  About  $1,600  per  ton  is 
considered  a  fair  average  of  the  ore  already  taken  from 
this  mine. 

UTAH. 

Bullion.— Tribune,  June  19:  The  receipts  of  refined 
bullion  at  the  Union  Pacific  Express  office  yesterday,  were 
six  bars  Ontario,  $5,197.32;  two  bars  Silver  Reef,  $2,511.- 
70;  total,  $7,709.02.  Wells,  Fargo  &  Co.  received  bullion 
as  follows  yesterday:  Four  b  rs  Horn  Silver,  $5,503  97; 
one  bar  refined  silver  from  Silver  Reef,  $1,591.02;  total, 
$7,184.99.  Their  shipments  were  one  bar  Horn  Silver, 
valued  at  $2,000. 

WYOMING-. 

North  Park. — A  special  from  Laramie  saya:  There  Is 
great  excitement  here  over  the  rich  silver  mines  discov- 
ered near  this  city,  on  the  rim  of  North  Park.  A  great 
many  specimens  of  ores,  both  carbonate  and  chlorides, 
have' been  brought  into  town  this  week,  all  of  which  as- 
say from  $200  to  $600  per  ton.  An  official  assay  by  the 
Territorial  Assayer  certifies  the  ore  to  be  lead  carbonates, 
and  contains  443  ounces  of  silver  per  ton.  Experienced 
miners  are  confident  that  thiB  new  mining  district  is  fully 
as  rich  and  extensive  as  Leadville.  The  new  camp  ia 
about  75  miles  from  here,  and  easily  reached  by  teams. 
People  are  rushing  in  there  from  all  around  this  section  of 
country. 

Bullion  Shipments. 

Since,  our  last  issue  we  have  noticed  the  fol- 
lowing shipments : 

Con.  Virginia,  June  17th,  $44,282.05;  Hill- 
side June22d,  $4,250;  June  24th,  §4,672.24; 
Belle  Isle,  June  2"3d,  §22,000;  Ophir,  June  21st, 
§20,044.59  ; Northern  Belle,  June  16th,  $2,276.- 
96;  June  18th,  §2,341.41  ;  June  21st,  §4,672.24; 
Independence,  June  23d,  $13,000;  California, 
June  19th,  §45,880.16;  Indian  Queen,  June 
16th,  §4,318.44;  Bodie  Con.,  June  24th,  §37,- 
000;  Standard,  June  20th,  §21,932.16  ;  Kenton, 
June  21st,  §1,927.90  ;  Alexander,  June  19th, 
§7,096. 

The  President  has  withdrawn  the  nomina- 
tion of  George  W.  McCrary  for  the  Judgeship 
made  vacant  by  the  resignation  of  Judge  Dillon. 


414 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS 


[June  28,  1879, 


The  Telluride  Ores  of  Gold.— No.  3. 

[Thesis  by  Rusbell  L.  Dunn,  College  of  Mines,  University 

of  California.] 

Mines  and  Mining. 
The  mining  of  the  telluride  ores  of  gold  has 
on  the  whole  been  a  fairly  profitable  business, 
and  it  is  safe  to  say  that  the  proportion  of  fail- 
ures is  no  greater  in  this  than  in  any  other  class 
of  mining  enterprise  in  the  same  region,  the 
common  belief  among  mining  men  notwith- 
standing. This  feeling  of  failure  is  perhaps,  in 
some  measure,  due  to  basing  expectations  of 
constant  yield  on  the  extraordinary  richness  of 
the  surface  pockets,  an  expectation  the  history 
of  mining  has  shown  to  be  very  rarely  fulfilled. 
The  truth  of  the  matter  is,  that  of  the  veins 
located  on  with  fair  indications  and  surface 
prospects,  a  greater  proportion  yield  higher  re- 
turns than  is  the  case  with  the  ordinary  class  of 
gold-bearing  veins.  Consider  California:  How 
many  of  the  almost  innumerable  lodes  worked 
have  paid  even  expenses?  Again,  the  average 
value  of  the  ore  of  the  former  is  much  higher, 
$20  ore  being  a  very  low  grade  for  it,  while  the 
same  amount  in  a  free  gold-bearing  rock  would 
be  considered  fair.  Colorado  is  the  best  place 
to  study  the  peculiarities  of  the  mining,  as  it  is 
carried  ou  there  more  extensively  than  anywhere 
else,  more  correctly  and  with  a  greater  measure 
of  success,  owing  to  more  extensive  deposits. 

The  first  discovery  was  of  what  is  now  called 
the  Red  Cloud  mine,  on  G-old  hill  in  Boulder 
county,  at  some  time  in  the  autumn  of  1872. 
Free  gold-bearing  veins  had  been  worked  here, 
and  after  yielding  fairly  for  a  time  had  ceased 
to  give  any  ore  and  been  abandoned,  and  the 
future  of  the  district  seemed  to  rest  on  its  silver 
mines,  among  which  the  Caribou  and  Native 
Silver  are  prominent.  A  couple  of  gold  miners 
who  stuck  to  the  district  when  it  was  being  de- 
serted by  almost  everybody  else,  found  some 
peculiar  looking  float  in  one  of  the  streams  and 
had  it  assayed.  The  ton  valuation  ran  up  into 
the  thousands.  The  miners,  searching  for  the 
source,  found  the  outcrop  of  the  Red  Cloud 
vein  underneath  12  feet  of  soil.  *The  vein  was 
enormously  rich  where  they  commenced  to  sink 
on  it,  and  10  assays  made  on  ore  taken  at  inter- 
vals in  the  first  25  feet  varied  from  $167.87  to 
$25,942.31  per  ton,  the  average  gold  being 
$6,468.47  and  the  average  silver,  $2,823.63. 
The  discovery  immediately  attracted  a  great 
deal  of  attention  and  caused  the  usual  rush  to 
the  locality.  Within  the  next  two  or  three 
years  all  of  the  really  valuable  mines  and  hun- 
dreds of  others  were  located,  the  latter  com- 
prising far  more  than  the  usual  number  of 
wildcats. 

Of  these  mines  only  about  20  have  paid  much, 
due  in  a  measure  to  their  more  thorough  devel- 
opment. Most  of  the  so-called  mines  are  nothing 
but  prospect  holes  sunk  around  a  bunch  of  ore, 
the  owners  having  failed  to  sell  them  at  an  ex- 
cessive figure  during  the  first  excitement,  have 
lacked  the  enterprise  and  financial  ability  to 
explore  their  property.  Unless  a  rich  pocket  or 
chimney  is  struck  on  commencing  work  the 
opening  of  one  of  these  mines  is  a  very  tedious 
and  discouraging  operation.  It  may  be  said 
though  of  all  that  have  reached  a  depth  of  100 
feety  the  majority  have  at  least  paid  expenses. 
Very  few  have  been  explored  much  beyond  400 
feet,  and  at  that  depth  the  ore  seems  very  poor 
in  tellurides  and  is  not  as  a  rule  workable  with 
profit.  It  was  at  this  and  greater  depths  that 
the  mines  of  Nagyag  and  Offenbanya  are  said 
to  have  paid  best. 

The  grade  of  ore  yielded  averages  high. 
Comparatively  large  amounts  of  first-class  ore, 
ranging  in  value  from  $700  to  $15,000  and 
upward  per  ton  have  been  taken  out;  of  second- 
class  ore,  or  ore  worth  from  $200  to  $600  per 
ton,  a  still  larger  amount  has  been  obtained  ; 
while  third-class  ore,  $15,  $20,  $30,  etc.,  rock 
forms  a  good  proportion  of  the  entire  vein 
matter. 

The  description  and  history  of  some  of  the 
mines,  with  their  yield  of  metal,  will  perhaps 
show  better  than  any  general  account,  the  pecu- 
liarities and  value  of  these  deposits. 

The  Melvina,  discovered  in  the  Gold  Hill  dis- 
trict in  the  summer  of  1875,  is  remarkable  as 
yielding  the  largest  proportionate  profit  of  any 
mine  in  the  country.  For  a  long  time  the  net 
profits  were  80%  of  the  gross  yield.  In  the  first 
15  months  it  was  worked,  it  produced  151.035 
tons  of  ore,  which  sold  at  the  mine  to  the 
smelters  for  $84, 600,  an  average  of  $560  per  ton. 
[The  assay  valuation  must  have  been  at  leaBt 
10%  higher,  making  the  average  value  per  ton 
about  $615.]  The  total  outlay  during  the  same 
period  was  only  $8,000.  In  33  months  the  mine 
produced  $175,000.  Small  lots  of  ore  sold  at 
rates  varying  from  $10,000  to  $18,000  per  ton. 
Nearly  all  of  the  ore  above  mentioned  was  taken 
out  in  sinking  the  shaft,  which  followed  a  rich 
chimney  in  the  ledge.  The  vein  where  richest 
is  a  soft  clay  about  eight  inches  wide. 

The  Smuggler  mine  was  located  in  Ballarat 
district  in  April,  1S75,  and  commenced  produc- 
ing in  the  latter  part  of  the  same  year.  The 
country  rock  is  gneiss,  very  nearly  approaching 
mica  schist  in  structure.  In  1877  60  men 
were  employed,  of  whom  13  were  ore  sorters. 
The  mineral  contained  in  the  sorted  ore  con- 
sisted of  sylvanite  and  some  arsenical  and  iron 
pyrites,  and  assayed  about  $400  per  ton.  The 
mine  yielded  during  the  month  of  April,  1877, 
19  tons  of  second-class  ore  which  sold  for 
$7,000,  and  50  tons  of  third  class  which  sold' 

^Transactions  of  the  American  Institute  of  Mining  En- 
gineers, Vol.  I.,  p.  316. 


for  $2,000;  in  all,  $9,000,  at  an  outlay  of 
$4,500. 

*The  Slide  lode  is  located  on  the  northern 
slope  of  Gold  hill,  in  Gold  Hill  district.  The 
vein  lies  between  gneiss  on  one  side  and  a  dike 
of  porphyry  on  the  other.  It  ranges  in  width 
from  four  to  ten  feet,  presenting  all  the  indi- 
cations of  a  heavy  mineralized  fissure  vein.  The 
ore  shows  a  tendency  to  cling  to  the  footwall 
which  is  gneiss.  Considerable  of  the  rich  ore 
milled  $2,627  per  ton. 

The  Red  Cloud  and  Cold  Spring  mines  have 
already  been  mentioned.  +Within  two  years 
and  a  half  after  discovery,  they  produced  $600,  - 
000  from  about  400  tons  of  ore,  which  therefore 
averaged  $1,500  per  ton. 

:|:The  American  mine  is  in  Sunshine  district. 
It  is  located  on  a  fissure  vein  in  gneissic  granite. 
The  following  table  will  show  the  assay  value 
of  specimens  of  telluride  ores  from  the  Ameri- 
can mine,  and  exhibited  at  the  Centennial  ex- 
hibition in  1876.  The  specimens  were  of 
course  picked,  but  contained  much  eangue. 
They  weighed  from  5  to  150  pounds  each.  The 
assays  were  made  by  Mr.  J.  Alden  Smith: 


Description  of  Ore. 


Surface  ore 

Sylvanite  with  gangue 

Mixed 

Auriferous  Hessite 

Mixed , 

Sylvanite 

Mixed 

Mixed i 

Mixed 

Mixed 

Sylvanite  and  gangue , 

Sylvanite  and  petzite  with  gangue 

Surface  ore 

Surface  ore 

Surface  ore 

Auriferous  Hessite 

Petzite  and  sylvanite 

Tellur-pyrites 


~     1 

N 

o 

=  H 

«h 

2  a 

?» 

a 

m 

3,170 

140 

l,bW 

160 

(iWI 

100 

476 

0,835 

379 

5,461 

2,373 

792 

300 

llll 

1,200 

ISO 

2b0 

Hh 

1,000 

2S0 

2,050 

240 

2,4Sli 

1,170 

90li 

3HS 

3,7(10 

202 

812 

J.22S 

HOO 

-UMI 

2.9US 

1,782 

2,373 

V'J2 

863,531 

30,178 
13,116 
17,360 
13,860 
48,370 

6,126 
34,217 

5,109 
20,308 
41,276 
61,055 
18,566 
75,432 
22,252 
24,029 
60,120 
48,331 


Five  tons  of  ore  from  this  mine  sold  in  Omaha 
(in  bulk)  for  $5,050  per  ton,  coin.  [To  Bell  at 
this  figure  it  must  have  assayed  about  $6,000 
per  ton.] 

As  less  has  been  written  about  the  California 
mines  where  the  ore  consists  of  gold-bearing 
tellurides,  and  as  many  differences  exist  between 
them  and  the  Colorado  mines,  I,  give  an  ex- 
tended description  of  two  of  the  mines,  the  most 
important. 

The  Stanislaus  mine,  in  Calaveras  county,  is 
the  most  developed  of  the  California  telluride 
mines,  as  well  as  the  most  important  on  ac- 
count of  its  past  yield.  As  it  haB  been  care- 
fully examined  several  times,  I  give  quite  full 
and  accurate  data:  §Dip,  75°  east;  width  of 
vein,  six  feet  (average);  walls:  east,  regular; 
west,  irregular  and  composed  of  numerous 
quartz  feeders,  which  follow  the  stratification 
and  contain  carbonates  and  tellurides.  Vein 
matter:  white  quartz  with  sylvanite  as  an  ore; 
also  tellurides  of  silver,  lead  and  nickel;  feld- 
spar, carbonates  of  calcium  and  of  iron;  pyrite. 
[I  have  examined  numerous  hand  specimens  of 
the  ores  from  this  mine,  but  in  no  instance  have 
I  observed  any  sylvanite  or  graphic  tellurium. 
Petzite  is  the  most  abundant  teUuride  mineral. 
Calaverite  is  probably  meant  by  Mr.  Bowman 
when  he  refers  to  sylvanite.  The  former  is 
comparatively  quite  abundant.]  Form  of  pay 
deposit:  In  chimneys  dipping  Bouth  and  in 
the  seams  and  feeders  of  the  west  wall.  (In 
the  majority  of  cases  in  mines  on  the  Mother 
lode,  the  pay  chimneys  dip  north.)  Free  gold. 
Geological  characteristics;  the  tellurides  are 
found  only  in  the  quartz  which  contains  crystals 
of  feldspar,  calcite  and  siderite.  Pyrite  occurs 
both  in  the  compact  quartz  in  the  lode  and  in 
the  adjacent  slates,  but  differing  in  appearance. 
That  in  the  quartz  occurs  in  compact  masses 
seldom  crystallizing  distinctly,  with  only  cleav- 
age; bright  and  strongly  yellowish.  That  in 
the  slate  occurs  in  isolated  well-defined  crystals; 
they  contain  very  little  gold  [Coignet]. 

For  some  time  after  the  tellurides  were 
discovered  in  the  ore,  attempts  were  made  to 
work  the  mine  at  a  profit,  but  were  unsuccess- 
ful. The  mine  lay  idle  and  full  of  water  for  13 
years.  An  attempt  is  now  being  made  to  work 
it  again.  The  mine  has  yielded,  and  still  yields, 
a  high  grade  of  ore.  A*  considerable  portion  of 
the  talcose  slate  wall  will  pay  well  to  mill;  it 
contains  much  free  gold,  and,  it  is  said,  some 
tellurets.  A  sample  of  the  vein  ore  weighing 
2.885  T,  gave  $3,555.94  by  chemical  treatment. 

The  Rawhide  mine,  Tuolumne  county,  pre- 
sents some  points  of  difference  from  any  I  have 
thus  far  mentioned.  It  is  on  the  mother  lode. 
Walls:  east,  slate;  west,  serpentine  with  as- 
bestus.  Vein  matter:  quartz,  colored  green  by 
malachite;  argentiferous  gray  copper  (polytel- 
lite)  containing  tellurium  and  tellurides.  It 
resembles  in  the  character  of  its  ore  the  Tellu- 
rium mine  of  Amador  county,  more  than  it  does 
the  mines  about  Carson  Hill. 

It  is  not  probable  that  the  mines  of  Boulder 
county,  Colorado,  will  again  give  the  enormous 
returns  obtained  on  first  opening  them.  In  the 
majority  the  ore  seems  to  diminish  in  both 
quantity  and  quality  as  we  go  down  on  the  vein. 
In  California  the  prospects  are  much  brighter; 
the  group  of  mines  on  Carson  Hill,  which  gave 
such  a  wonderful  yield  many  years  ago,  are  now 


^Engineering  and  Mining  Journal,  Vol.  XXIV.,  p.  290. 
■["Raymond's  Report,"  1875,  Boulder  county,  Col. 
JPrivate  communication  from  Mr.  J.  Alden  Smith,  State 
Geologist  of  Colorado. 
"Bowman  in  "Raymond's  Report,"  1876, 


being  reopened  and  worked  by  improved 
methods.  As  regards  permanence  in  depth, 
they  seem  to  resemble  the  Transylvania  mines 
more  than  they  do  the  Colorado.  The  Morgan 
mine,  which  returned  $2,000,000  from  the  crop- 
pings  with  the  most  primitive  machines,  the 
Stanislaus,  the  Melones  and  others,  are  not  yet 
worked  out  by  any  means,  only  the  surface 
being  scratched.  Other  localities  will,  in  all 
probability,  soon  commence  to  produce  bullion. 
At  the  present  time,  it  is  not  so  much  the  lack 
of  ore  as  the  need  of  a  more  perfect  and  cheaper 
process  for  treatment,  which  retards  the  develop- 
ment of  the  mines, 

IV.— Beneflciation. 

The  metallurgy  of  the  telluride  ores  is  in  a 
comparatively  unsatisfactory  state,  and  I  am 
safe  in  assuming  at  the  outset  of  this  discussion 
that  no  perfect  process  for  treating  these  ores 
alone,  so  as  to  obtain  economically  the  full  or 
nearly  the  full  percentage  of  metal  present,  has 
been  found.  There  are,  it  is  true,  two  or  three 
smelting  processes  by  which  small  quantities  of 
high-grade  ore  may  be  treated  together  with 
large  quantities  of  other  (base  metal,  or  rather 
basic)  ores;  in  this  way  some  of  the  peculiar 
difficulties  of  their  reduction  are  obviated;  even 
here,  though,  there  is  some  loss  due  to  the  pres- 
ence of  tellurium.  These  methods  which  an- 
swer very  well  for  first-class  ore — constituting 
only  about  10%  of  the  total  amount  of  rock 
raised — do  not  succeed  so  well  with  second- 
class  ores.  [The  gangue  of  these  ores  being  ex- 
ceedingly silicious  only  a  limited  amount  of  the 
teUuride  ore  can  be  put  in  a  furnace  mixture 
even  though  the  other  components  are  very 
basic;  the  same  percentage  of  either  first  or  sec- 
ond class  rock  could  be  used,  but  it  would  evi- 
dently require  to  produce  the  same  amount  of 
metal  from  the  latter,  as  from  the  former,  a 
much  greater  quantity  of  other  ores,  and  a 
much  longer  period  of  time.  The  same  amount 
of  metal  is  therefore  exposed  to  the  action  of 
several  times  as  much  slag  and  has  several 
times  as  much  time  to  fume  away.  The  addi- 
tional percentage  of  loss  is  somewhat  counter- 
balanced by  the  correspondingly  larger  amount 
of  base  metal  or  matte  to  take  up  the  gold  and 
silver,  but  not  entirely.  There  must  therefore 
necessarily  be  a  greater  percentage  of  loss  in 
working  second-class  rock  than  is  the  case  with 
first  class.]  As  to  third-class  ore  (unconcen- 
trated),  it  may  be  said  that  it  is  utterly  value- 
less for  smelting  purposes.  Again,  smelting 
works  must  be  located  convenient  to  the  metal- 
liferous deposits  on  which  they  depend  for  the 
greater  portion  of  their  ore  supply,  generally  in 
Colorado,  auriferous  and  argentiferous  lead  and 
copper  ores,  or  near  where  the  necessary  fuel  is 
obtained.  The  supply  of  telluride  ores  is  too 
limited  and  insignificant  from  a  smelting  point 
of  view,  as  well  as  variable,  to  pay  to  put  up 
smelting  works  on  the  plan  now  under  consid- 
eration. As  no  great  quantity  of  good  smelting 
ores,  excepting  perhaps  auriferous  iron  pyrites 
(containing  usually  a  small  percentage  of  cop- 
per pyrites)  are  found  in  or  easily  accessible  to 
the  tellurium  districts,  more  or  less  expensive 
transportation  is  necessary,  which  only  high- 
grade  ore  will  stand.  It  would  of  course  be 
absurd  to  transport  the  poorest  and  bulkiest  of 
the  ores  for  such  a  furnace  except  under  pecu- 
liar and  unusual  circumstances.  On  the 
whole,  therefore,  this  description  of  smelting 
cannot  be  considered  the  solution  of  the  prob- 
lem— how  to  work  telluride  ores  ? 

Many  years  ago  when  the  mines  of  Transyl- 
vania were  yielding  considerable  quantities  of 
rich  tellurets,  these  ores  were  smelted  in  small 
crucibles.  This  (at  that  time)  was  considered  to 
give  good  results,  its  inapplicability  in  a  gen 
eral  way  to  American  conditions  is  so  evident 
that  I  will  not  consider  it  in  this  paper. 

For  the  purpose  of  showing  at  a  glance  the 
general  character  of  all  of  the  methods  of  work- 
ing employed  in  the  beneficiation  of  telluride 
ores,  I  have  constructed  a  tabular  synopsis. 
On  it  I  shall  base  the  order  of  the  detailed  dis- 
cussion of  the  different  modes    of  reduction. 


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The  processes  may  be  divided  into  two  groups, 
according  as  tellurium  is  present  or  not.  The 
first,  where  tellurium  is  still  present  or  in  the 
act  of  being  driven  off,  I  call  Primary.  The 
other  group,  consisting  of  those  for  treating  the 
ore  or  its  products  after  the  tellurium  is  driven 
1  off,  not  being  in  any  way  peculiar  or  character- . 


istic,  I  call  Secondary*  The  detailed  descrip- 
tion will  consider  the  first  groups  only  referring 
to  the  second  incidentally. 

The  essential  point  in  treating  these  ores  is 
the  complete  separation  of  the  tellurium  from 
its  compounds,  and  the  disposing  of  it  in  such 
a  way  as  not  to  affect  any  subsequent  process 
for  getting  the  metal  out.  As  for  the  tellurium 
it  may  be  said  that  it  is  absolutely  worthless. 
Unlike  arsenic  and  antimony  it  cannot  be  sold: 
for  chemical  and  other  purposes;  unlike  sulphur, 
which  can  be  converted  into  sulphuric  acid  if 
desired,  and  used  in  the  works,  thus  repaying, 
in  part  the  expense  of  the  treatment  necessi- 
tated by  its  presence  in  the  ore,  it  forms  no 
compound  of  this  kind  (so  far  as  yet  known) 
which  is  of  the  slightest  utility. 
Raw  Ore. 

The  raw  ore  as  it  comes  from  the  mine  ia 
sent  directly  either  to  the  crushing  plant,  or  to 
the  sorting  tables  to  be  first  put  through  a 
dressing  process. 

1.  The  former,  as  the  usual  mode  of  treat 
ing  gold  ores,  was  used  considerably  at  first, 
and  is  still  in  use  where  a  mine  yields  a  very 
uniform  grade  of  ore,  or  where  all  qualities  are 
treated  alike,  the  common  process  being  as- 
sumed to  give  equally  good  and  economical  re- 
sults for  any  grade  or  mixture  of  grades  of  ore. 
Generally  speaking,  I  do  not  think  it  to  be 
advisable. 

(a.)  If  the  ore  as  it  comes  from  the  mine  con- 
sists of  practically  only  two  grades  (2d  and  3d 
usually),  and  the  line  of  treatment  employed 
permits  of  wet  crushing,  it  can  be  stamped  wet, 
run  through  concentrators  (mechanical)  and 
there  separated  into  second  class  ore  and  resi- 
dues or  tailings. 

[Note.— In  the  tabular  BynopsiB  I  have  not  indicated 
lines  of  treatment  of  this  (a)  character ;  they  are  not  gen- 
eral and  are  comparatively  very  unimportnnt.  Also  I 
have  not,  except  in  one  or  two  instances,  made  any  refer- 
ence to  the  presence  or  disposition  of  residues.] 

2.  A  preliminary  dressing  on  sorting  tables  is 
usually  the  first  manipulation  the  ore  is  sub- 
jected to,  and,  owing  to  the  nature  of  the  ore 
and  the  special  metallurgy  employed,  it  is  prob- 
ably the  best  mode  of  procedure.  On  these 
tables  the  ore  is  broken  up  with  hammers  and 
graded  as  follows  : 

1st  Class— Value  perton  upward  of  $1,000  or 
thereabout. 

2d  Class — Value  per  ton  about  $400. 

3d  Class — Value  per  ton,  say  from  $15  to  $75. 

Residues — Barren  rock  of  no  value. 

The  proportion  of  each  claBS  of  ore  is  varia- 
ble. If  the  ore  is  to  be  transported  any  con- 
siderable distance  to  market,  this  preliminary 
hand  sorting  or  concentration  of  some  kind  is 
indispensable,  and  its  cost  will  be  more  than  re- 
paid in  lessened  freight  charges  and  a  higher 
percentage  of  return. 

It  may  not  be  inappropriate  here  to  give  a 
comparison  between  wet  and  dry  stamping,  as 
far  as  it  relates  to  telluride  ores. 

First,  as  regards  wet  stamping  :  The  tellur- 
ide minerals  (more  especially  the  gold  and  sil- 
ver bearing)  are  pulverized  [i.  e.,  converted  into 
an  amorphous  powder]  only  with  considerable 
difficulty.  They  split  up  into  fine  light  scales, 
which  float  off  in  water  over  almost  every  con- 
trivance which  is  used  to  catch  them.  Hence 
more  or  less  loss  of  mineral  will  inevitably  en- 
sue. The  ore  must  be  dried  and  ground  under 
a  burr  wheel  or  some  other  machine,  to  break 
up  lumps  and  the  comparatively  large  uncrushed 
particles  before  furnace  processes  can  be  ap- 
plied. With  dry  stamping  the  loss  of  mineral 
iB  reduced  to  a  minimum  and  the  ore  is  ready  at 
once  for  further  treatment.  The  expense  ac- 
count is  considerably  greater  for  dry  than  for 
wet  stamping.  The  general  practice  seems  to 
be  to  stamp  dry,  first  and  second-class  ores ; 
third-class  are  stamped  wet  and  concentrated. 
In  general,  when  it  is  intended  to  roast  the  ore 
the  crushing  is  dry. 

Smeltinff. 

Telluride  ores,  as  has  been  before  stated, 
cannot  be  smelted  alone,  and  on  the  character 
of  the  auxiliary  material  used  does  the  nature 
and  result  of  the  special  metallurgy  employed 
depend.  Before  taking  up  special  lines  of  treat- 
ment, some  of  the  conditions  common  in  a 
greater  or  less  degree  to  all  of  them,  will  be 
considered.  These  I  Bhall  outline  only  in  the 
most  general  way. 

So  small  is  the  percentage  of  metal  even  in 
rich  ores,  that  the  percentage  of  base  metal  in 
the  auxiliary  material  must  be  high  in  order  to 
give  a  proper  proportion  of  slag  for  the  furnace 
mixture.  The  gangue  is  very  silicious  and  must 
have  some  basic  flux  added  to  it,  either  as 
the  gangue  of  the  base  metal  components  or 
otherwise  as  fluxes.  The  slag  must  be  very 
fusible  and  fluid,  either  a  singuello-  or  sub- 
silicate,  the  former  usually,  in  order  that  it 
will  not  contain  much  mechanically  enclosed 
metal;  if  too  basic  it  would  injure  the  walls  of 
the  furnace.  [It  might  be  possible  to  use  a  ses- 
quisilicate,  but  I  know  of  no  instance  where  it 
is  done,  the  reason  probably  being  that  it  is  too 
acid  and  would  attack  the  reduced  metal  or 
matte].  If  the  slag  becomes  rich  in  metal  it 
must  be  reworked.  As  a  general  rule  it  is  beat 
to  have  at  least  twenty  (20)  times  as  much  base 
metal  as  fine  in  the  mixture  of  ores.  Tellurium 
is  very  volatile,  and  gold  and  silver  in  its  pres- 
ence are  also  more  or  less  volatile  ;  to  reduce 
this  loss  to  a  minimum  the  smelting  should  be 
so  carried  on  as  to  bring  particles  of  reduced 
base  metal  or  matte  in  contact  with  unreduced 
particles  of  the  tellurides.  A  consideration  of 
these  points  will  readily  show  that  it  is  not  ad- 
visable to  use  more  than  a  comparatively  small 
proportion  of  telluride  ore,  nor  is  the  reverse 
ever  necessary.    The  supply  of  such  ore  is  very 


June  28,  1879.  *) 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


415 


limited,  of  base  metal  ores  very  abundant  usu- 
ally, and  if /his  be  not  the  case  in  some  yet  un- 
discovered district,  there  are  some  smelting 
methods  that  do  not  require  a  continuous  supply 
of  the  latter,  a  small  quantity  being  used  over 
and  over  again. 

Losses  of  gold  and  silver  by  smelting  occur 
in  two  wayB,  by  staging  and  by  volatiliza- 
tion with  tellurium,  both  of  which  depend 
greatly  on  the  'nanipulatiun.  The  former  has 
already  been  mentioned.     The  latter  is  not  very 

f;reat,  in  some  instances  imperceptible.  The 
oss  of  gold  seems  slightly  greater  proportion- 
ately than  the  loss  of  silver,  judging  by  a  com- 
parison between  the  assay  and  analysis  of  the 
same  specimens.  The  entire  loss  in  both  ways 
cannot  amount  to  much  or  these  processes  would 
not  be  so  generally  used  to  the  almost  entire- 
exclusion  of  others  in  Colorado,  where  many 
modes  of  reduction  have  been  tried. 
(To  bo  Continued.) 


T^E     EnQINEE^. 


Tiik  New  Eddystonk  Lighthouse. — The 
tower  of  the  famous  Kddystone  lighthouse  is 
now  in  a  fair  state  of  efficiency,  but  the  gneiss 
rock  on  which  it  stands  has  been  seriously 
shaken  by  the  incessant  sea  strokes  on  the 
tower,  aud  the  rock  is  considerably  undermined 
at  its  base.  It  has,  therefore,  been  determined 
to  erect  a  new  tower  on  a  spot  which  affords  a 
good  foundation  near  low  water  level,  at  about 
127  feet  distant  from  the  present  site.  The 
focal  plane  of  the  present  lighthouse  is  at  an 
elevation  of  7'-  feet  above  high  water;  that  of 
the  new  building  will  be  130  feet.  The  actual 
useful  range  of  the  light,  which  is  now  about  14 
nautical  miles,  will  thus  be  extended  to  174 
miles.  The  new  tower  will  be  constructed 
entirely  of  granite.  The  hight  will  be  138  feet 
above  the  rock  to  the  top  of  the  cornice,  and 
the  diameter  of  the  tower  under  the  cornice 
will  bo  18  feet  G  inches.  The  tower  will  be 
solid  (with  the  exception  of  containing  a  water 
tank)  to  the  hight  of  25  feet  G  inches  above 
high  water  springs.  At  this  level  will  com- 
mence the  side  walls  with  a  thickness  of  S  feet 
t>  inches,  diminishing  to  2  feet  3  inches  at 
the  top.  The  tower  will  contain  nine  apart- 
ments, each  10  feet  iu  hight,  iu  addition  to  the 
lantern,  the  seven  uppermost  being  14  feet  in 
diameter.     The  estimated  cost  is  £78,000. 

A  Dangerous  Enterprise. — A  great  engi- 
neering work,  now  in  course  of  execution  is  the 
lighthouse  of  Ar-nien,  ou  a  rock  beyond  the  Isle 
of  Sein,  off  Cape  Finisterre,  (Land's  End),  Brit- 
tany, western  France.  In  18G0  a  commission 
was  appointed  to  inquire  into  the  possibility  of 
constructing  a  lighthouse  at  this  point,  where 
the  currents  were  so  tremendous  that  even  iu 
the  calmest  weather  they  cause  a  very  heavy 
sea  in  certain  directions  of  the  wind.  The  rock 
ia  of  hard  gneiss,  from  40  to  50  feet  in  length 
and  about  25  in  breadth.  The  preliminary  work 
was  done  by  fishermen  of  the  Isle  of  Sein,  whose 
familiarity  with  these  waters  enable  them  to 
reach  the  rock  when  no  one  else  could.  Their 
method  was,  when  opportunity  offered,  for  two 
of  them,  wearing  cork  belts,  to  get  out  of  their 
boats  and  lie  upon  the  rock,  which  they  clutched 
with  one  hand,  while  they  made  holes  at  inter- 
vals of  three  feet  with  the  other.  Meanwhile 
they  were  covered  with  spray,  and  sometimes 
carried  away  to  be  recovered  by  a  boat.  In 
1867  only  eight  hours'  work  could  be  accom- 
plished, and  15  holes  made;  the  next  year  40 
holes  were  made.  In  1S69  the  building  was  be- 
gun, and  now  the  tower  is  40  feet  above  the 
highest  tides,  but  it  is  intended  to  bo  about  90 
feet. — Manufacturer  and  Builder. 

The  Speed  of  Screw  Steamers. — It  is  gen- 
erally supposed  that  the  builders  of  steam  ves- 
sels have  so  mastered  the  principles  of  their  art 
that  they  can  predict  to  a  nicety  what  speed  a 
given  vessel  will  have  when  driven  by  an  engine 
of  a  certain  horse-power.  A  recent  instance  in 
England  shows  that  this  is  far  from  being  true. 
A  twin  screw  vessel  in  the  British  navy,  the 
Iris,  was  built  for  great  speed.  Mr.  Froude, 
who  is  considered  the  best  authority  in  the 
world,  predicted  that  it  could  be  driven  at  17.5 
knots  per  hour  with  7,000-horse-power,  His 
calculations  were  checked  by  the  admiralty  and 
found  correct.  At  the  trial  her  engines  indi- 
cated 7,503-horse-power,  but  the  speed  was 
only  16.577  knots.  The  Bcrews  were  then 
changed,  and  the  speed  attained  was  1S.573 
knots,  or  more  than  a  knot  faster  than  was  ex- 
pected. Here  were  two  distinct  errors.  The 
Engineer  concludes  from  these  trials  that  very 
little  is  known  accurately  concerning  the  action 
of  screw  propellers,  even  by  such  men  as  Mr. 
Froude  and  Mr.  Barnaby,  chief  naval  con- 
structor of  the  admiralty. 

Rendering  Arches  and  Tunnels  Water- 
proof.— A  composition  formed  by  the  admix- 
ture of  about  equal  parts  of  coal-tar  pitch, 
Archangel  pitch,  Stockholm  tar,  cotton  seed  oil, 
anthracine  oil,  and  resin  is  proposed  by  Mr. 
Hairior  Lockword,  of  Manchester,  for  rendering 
arches,  tunnels,  etc.,  impervious  to  water.  The 
composition  being  well  mixed  and  heated,  a 
coating  of  the  same  about  one-half  inch  thick  is 
first  laid  on  the  top  of  the  arch  or  bridge,  and 
then  a  light  coating  of  varnish  applied  hot,  fol- 
lowed by  a  layer  of  brattice  cloth,  then  another 
coat  of  varnish,  and  next  a  layer  of  roofing 
felt,  and  a  third  coat  of  varnish,  after  whichjhe 
applies  a  second  coat  of  brattice  cloth,  and  fin- 
ishes off  with  a  one-half  inch  coating  of  the 
first-named  mixture  or  composition. 


Spontaneous    Combustion    of    Coal    on 
Vessels. 

The  falling  off  iu  the  demand  for  EngliHli  coal 
has  had  one  salutary  result,  and  that  ia,  it  has 
Beemingly  put  a  stop  to  the  destruction  by  spuu- 
tancuus  combustion  of  coal  vessels.  Wota  or 
five  years  ago  the  number  of  large  ships  annually 
destroyed  in  this  way  was  alarmingly  great.  In 
1873,  there  were  23  ships,  out  of  those  which 
Bailed  from  Great  Britain  laden  with  coal,  which 
were  lost  by  the  spontaneous  breaking  out  of  tire 
in  their  cargoes.  In  1874,  the  number  of  cases 
of  fire  was  increased  to  50;  and  it  is  now  thought 
that  if  the  domestic  demand  for  coal  had  not 
then  begun  to  fall  off,  the  loss  of  vessel  prop- 
erty in  the  succeeding  years  would  have  been 
even  more  serious.  As  it  was,  this  period  of 
destruction  ended  almost  as  quickly  as  it  began. 
In  1875,  the  number  of  losses  was  relatively 
small;  and  for  a  year  or  two  past,  although  vast 
quantities  of  coal  are  annually  shipped  from 
Cardiff  aud  Newcastle  to  Sonth  America  and 
the  East  Indies,  we  believe  there  has  not  been  a 
single  case  reported  of  spontaneous  combustion 
in  a  vessel's  cargo.  This  sudden  change  goes 
far  to  substantiate  the  theory  put  forward,  four 
years  ago,  by  Mr.  R.  Cooper  Kundell,  an  English 
scientist.  It  had  been  claimed  that  these  fires 
were  due  to  imperfect  systems  of  ventilation, 
and  also  to  the  fact  that  the  coal  had  been  wet 
with  raiu  before  it  was  put  into  the  ship's  hold. 
The  trouble  with  this  line  of  argument,  as  Mr. 
Rundell  pointed  out,  was  that  it  did  not  explain 
the  reason  for  the  previous  non-occurrence  of 
fires.  The  methods  of  ventilation  and  the  av- 
erage of  rainfall  remained  tolerably  uniform  ; 
but  iu  one  year  two  coal  ships  were  destroyed, 
and  in  another  50  cargoes  took  fire.  The  cause, 
therefore,  would  seem  to  lie  outside  of  these 
two  conditions,  and  Mr.  Rundell  traced  it  to 
the  very  large  quantity  of  small  coal  which  at 
that  time,  in  the  excessive  pressure  of  business, 
was  taken  from  the  mineB  and  hurried  in  a  damp 
state  on  board  of  the  vessels.  The  article  was 
then  in  so  much  demand  that  it  was  useless  to 
object  to  the  inferior  quality  of  the  coal  fur- 
nished, or  to  expect  that  before  being  delivered 
it  would  be  dried  by  exposure  to  the  sun.  The 
shippers  had  to  take  what  they  could  get,  and 
as  a  consequence  of  this  indiscriminate  loading, 
millions  of  dollars  worth  of  shipping  property 
was  destroyed.  At  present  the  coal  purchased 
for  shipment  is  taken  from  large  heaps  that 
have  been  exposed  to  the  drying  action  of  the 
atmosphere  and  has  been  carefully  screened,  so 
as  to  exclude  the  finer  particles  which  the  high 
prices  of  five  years  ago  allowed  the  miner  to  dis- 
pose of  as  merchantable.  —Iron  Age. 


Electrical   Manifestations  at   Vale   Col- 
liery. 

Recently  discovered  developments  of  electri- 
city in  the  large  boilers  in  connection  with  the 
coal-raising  apparatus  of  the  Vale  Company's 
works  are  thus  recorded  in  the  Halifax  Herald  : 

On  placing  the  hand  or  any  part  of  the  body 
near  the  boiler  doom  or  safety  valve,  it  received 
a  Bevere  shock  from  the  same,  and  sparks  might 
be  distinctly  seen  passing  from  the  boiler,  etc., 
to  the  part  of  the  body  nearest  to  it. 

On  further  experimenting  with  the  same,  it 
was  found  that  it  was  necessary  to  be  in  close 
proximity  to  the  boiler  to  receive  the  electric 
shock,  but  when  standing  in  the  current  of 
steam  escaping  from  the  safety  valve,  severer 
shocks  were  experienced,  and  vivid  lights  be- 
held between  the  party  standing  in  the  current 
of  steam  and  others  standing  in  close  proximity. 
Also,  a  party  standing  in  the  steam,  holding  a 
piece  of  steel,  iron,  or  any  other  conductor  of 
electricity  perceived  that  various  steady  cur- 
rents of  electricity  were  produced.  It  was 
further  noticed  that  when  any  person  held  his 
hand  in  the  steam,  the  electric  sparks  were 
clearly  seen  passing  from  the  finger  ends  of  the 
other  hand ;  or  when  a  person  placed  himself 
in  the  steam,  it  was  noticed  that  he  became  so 
charged  with  electricity  that  it  might  be  clearly 
seen  from  every  hair-end  on  his  head,  and  on 
coming  out  from  the  steam,  he  would  commu- 
nicate a  shock  to  any  party  whom  he  might 
touch. 

It  may  be  further  stated  that  in  placing  any 
conductor  in  the  steam  the  electric  current  was 
seen  as  vividly  as  in  the  other  cases.  Since  the 
above  was  discovered  at  the  Vale,  something  of 
the  same  nature  was  produced  at  the  Albion 
mines. 

It  is  the  opinion  that  the  electric  current  is 
generated  from  the  steam  under  friction,  as  the 
spark  is  seen  at  any  point  where  there  is  a  leak  ; 
but  whether  it  is  caused  by  the  mineral  water 
from  the  mine,  or  at  the  expense  of  the  boilers 
themselves,  is  not  known. 


Another  Narcotic  Plant. — Major  Stuart, 
writing  from  Port  au  Prince,  notices  a  plant 
growing  there  of  such  Btrong  narcotic  power 
that,  in  the  hands  of  a  skillful  practitioner  it 
will  produce  coma  of  any  intensity  or  duration, 
or  even  death  itself  when  so  intended.  The 
knowledge  of  this  plant,  he  says,  is  confined  to 
a  few  families,  who  transmit  the  secret  as  an 
heirloom  from  generation  to  generation,  and  the 
heritage  is  highly  valued,  confirming,  it  is 
thought  the  power  of  miracle- workers  and 
priests — for  the  plant  is  in  many  ways  used  in 
aid  of  solemn  imposture,  superstition  and  crime. 


The  power  thus  exercised  is  called  "wanga,"  a 
word  that  inspires  the  African  with  awe  aud 
dread.  The  wanga  priest  can  throw  intt»  a 
death  like  coma,  and  knowing  the  moment  of 
consciousness  returning,  he  will  make  a  Bhow  of 
recalling  to  life,  or,  if  a  burglary  is  to  be  com- 
mitted, he  can,  by  means  of  his  art,  cast  a  deep 
sleep  00  Ins  victims.  Major  Stuart  thinks  that 
this  plant  would  prove  a  valuable  acquisition  to 
medical  science. 


ANattvs  Allot oj  Coppkb  ash  Zinc— A 

correspondent  of  the  Mininy  Rteord  gives  the 
following  data  on  a  native  alloy  of  copper  aud 
zinc  scut  by  S.  H.  Hill  of  Downievillc, 
Cal.  :  The  specimens  examined  were  in  the  form 
of  small,  somuwhat  fiattcned,  concretionary 
masses,  from  three-quarters  to  one-quarter  cen- 
timeters in  diameter,  and  without  apparent 
crystalline  structure.  Color  from  dark  reddish 
brown  to  yellowish  white,  streak  faint  yellowish 
white  slightly  incrusted  with  green  carbonate 
of  copper  ;  somewhat  brittle,  specific  gravity  of 
one  specimen,  S.33.  An  analysis  of  this  sample 
by  Dr.  T.  R.  Stillman  gave:  copper,  85.02  ; 
zinc,  U.02%;  antimony,  2.8*2  %\  iron,  ,09%; 
total,  99.95%.  These  specimens  were  found, 
according  to  Mr.  Hill,  in  the  ravines  along  the 
south  fork  of  the  North  Yuba  river,  in  Sierra 
county,  California.  These  ravines  have  for 
years  been  worked  for  gold,  which  is  still 
found  in  paying  quantities,  associated  with 
silver,  native  copper,  zincblende  and  galena. 


Why  Glass  is  Broken  by  Hot  Water.— No 
person  could  be  so  foolish  as  to  hazard  the  break- 
ing of  a  glass  by  pouring  hot  water  upon  it,  if 
he  understood  the  simple  means  of  accounting 
for  the  breakage.  If  hot  water  is  poured  into  a 
glass  with  a  round  bottom,  the  expansion  pro- 
duced by  the  heat  of  the  water  will  cause  the 
bottom  of  the  glass  to  enlarge,  while  the  sides, 
which  are  not  heated,  retain  their  former  dimen- 
sions, and,  consequently,  if  the  heat  be  suf- 
ficiently intense,  the  bottom  will  be  forced  from 
the  sides,  and  a  crack  or  Haw  will  surround  that 
part  of  the  glass  by  which  the  sides  are  united 
to  the  bottom.  If,  however,  the  glass  is  wetted 
with  a  little  warm  water,  so  that  the  whole  is 
gradually  heated  and  thereby  expanded,  boiling 
water  can  then  be  poured  in  without  damage. 
If  a  silver  spoon  is  placed  in  a  goblet  or  glass 
jar,  boiling  water  can  then  be  poured  in  without 
danger,  unless  the  article  has  been  taken  from  a 
frosty  closet  and  is  very  cold. 


Q©©D     ^JE^Ljt{. 


How  to  Bathe. 

Editors  Press: — "The  summer  now  is  here  ;" 
pleasure  seekers  and  holiday  makers  are  "come, 
come,  coming"  to  the  cool,  quiet  seaside.  Many, 
I  notice,  are  ignorant  of  the  first  principles  of 
bathing,  although  anxious  to  derive  benefit  from 
a  "  dip  in  the  briny."  Let  me,  for  the  profit  of 
such,  give  a  few  bathing  axioms. 

Don't  bathe  at  all  if  you  feel  chilly.  Don't 
loiter,  semi-nude,  at  the  margin  of  the  sand, 
letting  "I  dare  not  wait  upon  I  would."  Once 
undressed,  rush  into  the  water ;  or,  better  still, 
if  practicable,  dive  in  head  first. 

If  you  can't  dive  in,  wet  your  head  as  soon 
as  possible,  either  by  splashing  water  over  it  or 
dipping  under  the  surface.  Ladies  afraid  of 
wetting  their  hair  had  better  refrain  from  bath- 
ing, as  dry-head  bathing  is  neither  pleasant  nor 
beneficial,  and  induces  headache  and  other  un- 
pleasant results. 

Let  your  first  bath  be  just  a  dip  in  and  out 
again.  Make  each  succeeding  bath  a  litle  longer 
until  a  maximum  of  15  minutes  is  reached. 
Keep  in  motion  all  the  time  you  are  in  the  water, 
either  swimming  or  splashing  about. 

To  have  a  really  enjoyable  bath,  find  a  retired 
spot  and  bathe  in  your  skin  ;  "costumes  "  are  a 
nuisance.  Have  a  big  Turkish  towel,  one  and 
a  half  yards  long  and  a  yard  wide,  and  scour 
yourself  till  you're  as  red  as  a  lobster.  Dress 
quickly,  and  go  punish  the  hash. 

Edw.  Berwick. 

Monterey,  Cal. 

Trichinosis. 

The  above  disease  is  caused  by  eating  dis- 
eased pork,  or  pork  affected  by  a  small  micro- 
scopic animal  existing  in  the  flesh  of  pork. 
Generally  encysted  in  the  pork,  the  human 
stomach  sets  the  animalcule  free,  which  speed- 
ily reproduces  myriads  of  its  species,  and  pene- 
trating into  the  blood  is  carried  by  the  capil- 
laries into  every  part  of  the  body.  It  has  been 
said  that  there  is  no  remedy  for  this  dreadful 
disease,  which  causes  intense  agony  in  the  sub- 
ject, and  death  in  a  short  time.  Careful  exper- 
iments show  that  when  pork  is  thoroughly 
cooked,  every  part  being  exposed  to  the  tem- 
perature of  212°,  or  boiling  heat,  the  trichince  are 
destroyed  and  the  meat  may  be  eaten  with  im- 
punity. Care  should  be  exercised  in  the  eating 
of  raw  smoked  pork,  such  as  ham,  bacon  or 
Bologna  sausage,  as  there  is  no  means  of  de- 
termining whether  the  pork  is  diseased  or  not, 
from  its  general  appearance,  and  several  days 
elapse  after  the  pork  is  taken  into  the  human 
stomach  before  the  effects  are  perceived.  Good 
clean-fed  hogs  are  generally  free  from  trichince, 
while  unolean,  promiscuous  feeders,  especially 


carniverous  hogs,  are  apt  to  be  affected.  Rab- 
bits and  rata  are  also  sometimes  affected.  Man 
alone  suffers  death  from  the  disease.  The  ani- 
mals affected  by  it  do  not  show  any  symptoms. 
The  microscope  is  the  only  means  of  detecting 
the  condition  of  the  pork. 

The  following  remedy  is  given  in  tho  Ameri- 
can Medical  Bi- Weekly:  Dr.  Rhode,  in  the 
Berlin  Klin.  WocJu mteftrjft  states  that  ho  acci- 
dentally discovered  that  the  free  administration 
of  ergot,  especially  of  ergotin  hypodermically, 
is  a  speedy  and  positive  curative  agent  in  trich- 
inosis. Iu  one  case  eight  grammes  of  ergotin 
effected  a  speedy  cure. 

Color  Blindness. 

At  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Pennsylvania 
State  Medical  Society  recently,  Dr.  P.  D. 
Keyaer,  of  the  Wills  hospital,  Philadelphia,  re- 
ported  that  he  had  examined  as  to  color  blind- 
ness a  large  number  of  trainmen  on  different 
roads.  He  found  that  of  those  examined  3£% 
mistook  colors  one  for  the  other,  their  defectB 
being  of  such  character  as  to  make  them  really 
incapable  of  filling  their  positions  with  safety. 
There  were  S*%  additional  who,  although  able 
to  distinguish  colors,  were  unable  to  tell  the 
various  shades,  thus  makiug  12%  of  those  ex- 
amined who  were  not  able  to  distinguish  shades 
and  colors  quickly  and  sharply.  Another  physi- 
cian, as  the  result  of  extended  examination, 
points  out  dangers  the  traveling  public  undergo 
through  the  prevalence  of  color  blindness.  Dr. 
Jefferies,  of  Boston,  has  examined  the  eyes  of 
24,000  persons.  He  finds  the  proportion  of 
those  who  are  unfit  to  perform  railroad  or 
steamboat  service  to  be  about  the  same  as  was 
discovered  by  Dr.  Keyser— 3J%.  That  is  more 
than  3  out  of  every  100  of  engineers,  conductors 
and  brakemen  who  control  our  swift-flying 
trains  cannot  distinguish  the  red  light  from  the 
green!  There  is  reason  in  Dr.  Jefferies'  sugges- 
tion that  every  railroad  employee  be  compelled 
to  submit  to  an  examination  as  to  his  ability  to 
discriminate  colors  before  he  is  allowed  to  take 
his  post. 

A  Remedy. 

La  France  Medicate  states  that  M.  Delbceuf 
has  found  that  if  a  person  afflcted  with  Dalton- 
ism looks  through  a  layer  of  fuchsine  in  solu- 
tion, his  infirmity  disappears.  A  practical  ap- 
plication of  this  discovery  has  been  made  by  M. 
Joval,  by  interposing  between  two  glasses  a 
thin  layer  of  gelatine  previously  tinted  with 
fuchsine.  By  regarding  objects  through  such  a 
medium  all  the  difficulties  of  color  blindness  are 
said  to  be  corrected. — C/iemieal  lievieiih 


Respiration  Affected  by  Food. — A  very 
careful  examination  by  Dr.  Speck,  of  the 
changes  produced  in  the  respiratory  process  by 
the  use  of  fatty  food,  of  coffee,  quinine,  alcohol 
and  water,  and  by  the  inspiration  of  air  respec- 
tively rich  in  carbonic  acid,  poor  in  oxygen  and 
rich  in  oxygen,  has  led  him  to  the  following 
conclusions:  With  an  increased  proportion  of 
hydrogen  in  diet,  the  amount  of  air  inspired 
and  expired  decreases,  and  nutriments,  such  as 
sugar,  which  contain  little  hydrogen  in  com- 
parison with  their  oxygen,  involve  more  exer- 
tion of  the  respiratory  organs  than  such  as  are 
rich  in  hydrogen,  like  the  fats;  the  more  carbon 
predominates  in  the  food,  in  proportion  to  hy- 
drogen, the  more  air  is  exhaled  in  proportion  to 
that  inhaled,  the  more  carbon  increases  in  the 
diet  in  proportion  to  hydrogen,  the  more  car- 
bonic acid  is  evolved  and  the  more  oxygen  is 
taken  up — while  the  richer  the  diet  in  hydrogen 
the  less  oxygen  is  required.  An  atmosphere 
containing  5%  or  6%  of  carbonic  acid  could  be 
breathed  for  some  minutes  without  oppression; 
ab  11.51%  great  exertion  was  needed  to  breathe 
for  one  minute;  at  7.2  all  the  carbonic  acid  pro- 
duced in  the  body  is  retained  in  the  blood. 

Poisoning  by  Mushrooms. — J.  A.  Palmer 
states  that  there  are  three  different  ways  in 
which  mushrooms  may  act  as  a  poison. 
First,  they  may  produce  theeffects  of  in- 
digestible matter,  as  when  the  hard  corin- 
ceous  species  is  eaten;  and  even  the  edible 
mushroom  may  cause  a  similar  result,  for  when 
it  is  decomposing  it  gives  off  sulphureted  hy- 
drogen gas  in  quantity  sufficient  to  cause  vomit- 
ing. Second,  mushrooms  may  be  gelatinous  or 
acrid.  Third,  a  subtle  alkaloid,  without  smell 
or  taste,  is  contaiued  in  some  mushrooms,  as, 
for  instance,  in  the  group  of  the  Amanita},  and 
is  called  amanitin.  No  antidote  has  yet  been 
discovered  for  this  poison,  and  to  it  most  of  the 
cases  of  death  following  the  eating  of  mushrooms 
is  due.  It  is  at  first  slow  in  its  action,  but  af- 
ter the  lapse  of  eight  to  fifteen  hours  the  pa- 
tient experiences  stupefaction,  nausea  and  di- 
arrhea. Delirium  follows,  and  then  death. 
Mushrooms  containing  amanitin  will  impart 
poisonous  properties  to  wholesome  varieties  if 
both  happen  to  be  placed  in  the  same  vessel. 
The  poison  can  be  absorbed  by  the  pores  of  the 
skin.  Mr.  Palmer  carried  in  his  hand  amanifoe 
wrapped  up  in  paper,  and  notwithstanding  the 
protection  which  the  paper  should  have  af- 
forded, he  was  seized  with  alarming  symptoms 

Cooked  Food. — There  is  probably  less  ob* 
servance  of  the  laws  of  health  in  the  cooking  of 
food  than  in  anything  else.  In  order  that  food 
should  properly  assimilate  with  the  blood  and 
nourish  the  system,  meat  should  be  cooked  so  as 
to  preserve  all  of  the  animal  juices,  and  vege- 
tables never  over-cooked.  Over-cooked  meat  ia 
no  more  nourishing  than  woody  fiber;  while 
over-cooked  vegetables  are  putrefactive. 


416 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[June  28,  1879. 


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f.'N "I  H\&? 


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SAN   FRANCISCO: 
Saturday  Morning,  June  28,  1879. 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 

EDITORIALS.— Earthquakes— No.  1.J  Close  of  the 
Volume;  The  "  Jeanette;"  409.  The  Week;  Crooked 
Ways  in  Mining;  Statements  about  California  Mining; 
Nature  of  the  Inner  Earth,  416.  A  Pacific  Coast 
Harbor  of  Refuge;  Sites  of  Especial  Mining  Activity, 
417.  Bullion  Product,  413.  Gas  in  Metallurgical 
Operations;  Trinity  County  Minss  Sold  in  the  East; 
Patents  and  Inventions,  420. 
ILLUSTRATIONS.— Theory  of  Earthquake  Waves 
Illustrated,  409.  Trinidad  Bay,  California— Showing 
Lines  of  Proposed  Breakwater  for  Harbor  of  Refuge, 
417- 
CORRESPONDENCE.— Fish  Farming;  Letter  from 

Mariposa  County,  410. 
MECHANICAL    PROGRESS. -The  Austrian  Sys- 
tem of  Milling;  The  Sand  Blast;  A  Use  for  Niagara  Falls; 
Navisphere,  411. 
SCIENTIFIC  PROGRESS-— New  American  Indus- 
tries; A  Great  Russian  Telescope  Projected;  Iron  At- 
mosphere; Electric   Pens;   New  Scale;   Use    of  Glass 
Thread;  How  to  Get  Rid  of  Flour  Mill  Dust;  Taming 
Horses  by  Electricity;  New  Globe,  411. 
MINING  STOCK  MARKET. -Soles  at  the  San 
Francisco,  California  and  Pacific  Stock  Boards.    Notices 
of  Assessments,  Meetings  and  Dividends,  412. 
MINING  SUMMARY  from  the  various  counties  of 
California,    Nevada,   Arizona,    Colorado,   Idaho,    Utah 
and  Wyoming,  413-420. 

THE  ENGINEER.— The  New Eddystone Lighthouse; 
A  Dangerous  Enterprise;  The  Speed  of  Screw  Steamers; 
Rendering  Arches  and  Tunnels  Waterproof,  415. 
USEFUL    INFORMATION.  —  Spontaneous  Com- 
bustion of  Coal  on  Vessels;  Electrical  Manifestations  at 
Vale  Colliery;  Another  Narcotic  Plant;  A  Native  Alloy 
of  Copper  and  Zinc;  Why  Glass  is  Broken  by   Hot 
Water,  415. 
GOOD    HEALTH.— How  to  Bathe;  Trichinosis;  Color 
Blindness;  Respiration  Affected  by  Food;  Poisoning  by 
Mushrooms;  Cooked  Food,  415. 
MISCELLANEOUS.— Utah  Mineral  Wax;  Tho  Good 
Time  Coming;  Cold  Waves  and  Their  Causes;  Cooling 
Hot  Journals;  Black  Polish  on  Iron  and  Steel,  410.  The 
Telluride  Ores  of  Gold,  414-15. 
NEWS  IN  BRIEF  on  page  420  and  other  pages. 

Business  Announcements. 

Chemical  Apparatus,  Bullock  &  Crenshaw,  Philadelphia. 
Elltins  "Boss"  Amalgamator,  Elkina  &  Lynch,  S.  F. 
Pacific  Business  College,  Chamberlain  &  Robinson,  S.  F. 


The  Week. 


The  mining  interests  of  the  coast  do  not  show 
any  deterioration,  the  imagination  building 
up  a  glittering  delusive  future  upon  speculative 
interests,  and  paper  wealth,  overlooks  the  prac- 
tical character  of  our  mines.  Rich  strikes  and 
discoveries  taken  with  a  grain  of  salt,  indicate 
favorable  prospects,  while  the  diminution  in  bul- 
lion and  assessments  levied,  show  that  capital  is 
absolutely  necessary  to  develop  fully  our  min- 
eral wealth.  The  over-crowded  condition  of 
new  mining  regions,  the  low  wages  and  high  liv- 
ing attending  a  rush,  should  be  a  warning  to 
practice  moderation.  There  is  room  for  capi- 
tal and  we  could  safely  quadruple  the  output  of 
gold  and  silver  without  disturbing  the  world's 
demand.  The  falling  off  this  year  from  last  is 
estimated  at  20%  to  30%-  The  world  can  use 
an  annual  product  of  $300,000,000  now,  while 
the  total  product  is  §160,000,000  short  of  the 
demand.  Our  mines  could  help  to  fill  this  gap, 
if  the  mining  business  were  confined  to  the 
legitimate  as  distinguished  from  the  purely 
speculative. 

Coal  Gas  and  Electric  Lights. — M.  Hip. 
polyte  Fontaine,  an  accomplished  electrician 
and  the  director  and  proprietor  of  the  Revue 
lndustrielle,  has  just  published  a  second  edition 
of  his  "Electric  Lights."  In  his  preface,  M. 
Fontaine  does  not  hesitate  to  deolare  that  coal 
gas  has  nothing  to  fear  from  electricity  as  an 
illuminator,  despite  the  competition  likely  to 
ensue  between  these  two  systems  of  illumina- 
tion, whether  public  or  private,  and  adds:  "The 
manufacture  of  coal  gas  will  never  be  interfered 
with  by  electricity.  Electricity  will  never  re- 
place gas,  lamps,  or  even  candles.  It  does  not 
and  cannot  create  a  revolution  in  means  of 
illumination,  or  destroy  what  exists  or  monopo- 
lize all  of  the  industrial,  public  and  private  ap- 
plications of  light.  The  electric  light  has  its 
own  particular  place  in  the  midst  of  a  crowd  of 
indispensable  utilities,  but  far  from  diminishing 
the  consumption  of  other  means  of  illumination, 


Crooked  Ways  in  Mining. 

Mining  companies  when  organizing  have  the 
bad  habit  of  fixing  their  capital  stock  at  figures 
grossly   disproportionate  to  the   value   of  the 
properties  ostensibly  represented  by  such  stock. 
This  is  a  practice  that  for  various  reasons  calls 
for  abatement.     In  the  first  place  it  is  dishonest. 
It  is  a  false  pretence.     These  companies  are  not 
the  owners  of  any  such  values  as  this  system  of 
over-capitalization  implies.     Nor  are  these  big 
figures  a  mere  harmless  fiction,  as  many  suppose. 
If  not  intended  for  dishonest  purposes  they  are 
used  to  that  end.     In  practice    they  become 
implements  of  deception  and  fraud.     To  illus- 
trate, a  party  owning  a  mining  claim  organizes  a 
company,    incorporates  the   same  with,  say  a 
nominal  capital    stock    of    a    million    dollars, 
divided  into  a  hundred  thousand  shares  of  the 
par  value  of  ten  dollars  each,  which  shares  are 
issued  to  the  several  members  of  the  company. 
Such  procedure,  including  necessary  books,  etc., 
costs  but  a  trifle.     This   mining   claim  may  be 
but  little  developed,  may,  in  fact  be  wholly 
worthless,  and  yet  it  will  be  possible  for   the 
holders  of  these  shares  to  work  off  a  great  many 
of  them  on  the  public.     We  say  it  will  be 
possible  because  there  is  a  large  class  of  men 
who  for  the  past  20  years  have  depended  for  a 
subsistence   mainly  upon   this  sort    of  traffic. 
With  their  pockets  filled  with  this  rubbish  they 
have  managed  to  work   their  way  comfortably 
through  the  world,  effecting  purchases  and  pay- 
ing their  debts  with  it  wherever  they  could 
strike  a  simple  tradesman  or  a  helpless  creditor. 
Half  the  men  one  sees  around  the  purlieus  of 
the  stock  bourse  eke  out  a  precarious  livelihood 
through  the  aid  of  these  mining  shares.     They 
pay  for  their  washing,  lodging  and  their  other 
small  bills  with  them,  and,  in  short,  shove  them 
off  wherever  they  can,  though  morally  it  is  no 
better  than  paying  with    counterfeit   bills  or 
bogus  coin.     This  is  one  of  the  small   ways  in 
which  this  over-capitalizing  of  mining  stocks 
becomes  damaging  and  reprehensible. 

But  this  style  of  inflation  if  persevered  in 
must  eventually  work  serious  harm  to  our  min- 
ing interests  abroad,  as  no  thoughtful  business 
man  will  invest  his  money  in  securities  so 
devoid  of  solid  backing.  What  sense  is  there 
in  placing  a  valuation  upon  a  property  ten  times 
greater  than  any  capitalist  would  ever  think  of 
paying  for  it?  A  better  plan  would  be  to 
commence  with  a  capital  stock  that  fairly 
represents  the  worth  of  the  mine,  and  then  in- 
creasing it  as  the  latter  appreciated  in  value, 
should  it  ever  do  so.  But  this  method  has,  in 
some  instances  at  least,  actually  been  reversed; 
companies  increasing  their  capital  as  their  mines 
became  impoverished.  The  ores  in  the  Bonanza 
mines  began  to  show  signs  of  depletion  at  the 
time  the  management  more  than  quadrupled 
their  shares.  The  nominal  capital  of  the  vari- 
ous companies  owning  mines  on  the  main 
Comstock  range,  to  say  nothing  of  lateral  claims, 
aggregates  over  §500,000,000,  yet  where  could 
a  syndicate  be  raised  that  would  pay  for  these 
properties,  20%  of  this  appraisement?  We  are 
sorry  to  see  that  this  practice,  so  long  prevalent 
on  the  Comstock,  is  finding  repetition  in  Bodie, 
Utah  and  Colorado,  where  a  number  of  mining 
companies  have  lately  been  organized  with 
capitals  ranging  from  ten  to  twenty  million 
dollars,  and  this,  though  their  mines  have  in 
some  instances,  been  but  little  opened  and 
afford  as  yet,  no  evidence  of  large  value. 

Akin  to  this  plan  of  over  stocking  mines  at 
the  start  or  watering  their  shares  afterwards,  is 
that  of  consolidating  various  interests,  or  rather 
the  pretence  of  effecting  some  sort  of  consolida- 
tion and  under  color  thereof  increasing  the 
capital  of  the  company,  though  they  have  in  no 
wise  increased  their  property  in  extent  or  value. 
This  thing  has  been  largely  practiced  in  the 
Bodie  district  of  late,  where  several  of  the  lead- 
ing companies  have  been  doubling  up  their  capi- 
tal stock  and  number  of  shares,  and  taking  on  a 
prefix  indicative  of  a  concentration  of  interests 
or  an  aggregation  of  properties  where  none  has 
actually  taken  place. 

What  we  have  to  complain  of  in  these  cases  is 
the  bad  faith  they  imply,  and  which  in  almost 
any  other  business  would  be  looked  upon  as  a 
taint  of  fraud.  It  is  this  loading  down  mining 
with  so  many  crooked  practices  that  has  given 
rise  to  the  question  whether  or  not  it  is  a  legiti- 
mate business.  As  Prof.  Clayton  has  so  aptly 
remarked,  mining  for  the  precious  metals  is  a 
legitimate  business  to  those  who  make  it  so;  but 
what  calling  could  hope  to  escape  these  impu- 
tations by  innuendo  were  it  oppressed  with  so 
many  dead  weights,  and  so  beset  with  leeches 
on  every  side?  It  is  no  justification  of  these 
abuses  to  say  they  are  practiced  in  other  pur- 
suits as  well  as  in  this;  nor  is  it  true  that  they 
so  generally  prevail  in  other  branches  of  busi- 
ness. Railroad  incorporations  do  not  over-capi- 
talize like  mining  companies  at  the  start,  and  if 
they  afterwards  water  their  stocks  it  is  not 
done  when  their  earnings  are  likely  to  suffer  de- 
cline or  be  extinguished  altogether.  If  these  or 
other  industrial  institutions  consolidate  the  act 
is  apt  to  be  attended  by  some  increment  of  prop- 
erty, muniments  or  other  forms  of  wealth,  their 
operations  and  effects  being  always  open  to  in- 
spection, and  not  like  those  of  mining  corn- 


permitted  to  open  an  office  in  the  respectable 
and  much  frequented  portions  of  the  town. 
Those  who  wish  to  play  must  seek  him  out  and 
themselves  inaugurate  the  game.  He  does  not 
invade  the  domestic  circles  and  urge  the  in- 
mates, even  the  mother  and  servant  girl,  to 
stake  their  money  on  the  turn  of  a  card.  He 
does  not  stand  at  the  street  corners,  and  with 
deception  and  lies  try  to  shove  off  a  lot  of  worth- 
less mining  shares  on  a  confiding  acquaintance, 
nor  seek  to  pay  his  room  rent  and  board  bill 
with  thissort  ofrubbish — in  all  of  which  he  differs 
from  the  ordinary  stock  sharp  and  dealer  in 
wild  cat  mining  scrip,  who  with  an  equal  dis- 
like of  honest  work,  lacks,  still,  the  honorable 
instincts  of  the  professional  gambler. 

We  believe  mining  to  be  a  useful  industry. 
We  know  it  can  stand  on  its  own  merits.  The 
practices  on  which  we  have  deen  animadverting 
are  foreign  to  the  business.  They  are  prejudi- 
cial and^hurtful  to  it.  They  have  brought  it  into 
bad  repute,  and  we  feel  constrained  to  protest 
againt  their  further  continuance.  Any  calling 
that  requires  auxiliaries  of  this  kind  had  better 
perish. 


Nature  of  the  Inner  Earth. 


Statements  about  California  Mining. 

In  the  New  York  Sun  of  recent  date  appears 
a  letter  on  the  mines  of  this  coast  from  the  pen 
of  Alexander  Del  Mar,  a  writer  on  statistical 
economic  and  monetary  topics,  and  for  some 
years  past  a  resident  of  San  Francisco.  This 
letter,  because  of  certain  strictures  upon  the 
condition,  prospects  and  management  of  our 
mines  contained  therein,  has  been  widely  com- 
mented upon  by  the  newspapers  of  California* 
some  of  which  have  heartily  commended  while 
others  have  as  earnestly  condemned  the  same; 
these  two  sections  of  the  press  here,  as  is  too 
apt  to  be  the  case  with  the  press  everywhere, 
having  been  governed  each  by  the  special 
interest  it  claims  to  represent.  While  we  detect 
in  Mr.  Del  Mar's  letter  various  misstatements  of 
facts,  as  weU  as  what  we  believe  to  be  some 
errors  of  opinion,  it  seems  to  contain  at  the 
same  time  some  well  presented  truths  coupled 
deal  of  wholesome  advice,    which  the 


particularly  addressed 


with 

parties    to  whom  it 

would  do  well  to  heed. 

We  think  this  gentleman  is  mistaken  in  say- 
ing that  mining  for  the  precious  metals  can  no 
louger  be  profitably  carried  on  with  free  labor, 
for  the  reason  that  gold  and  silver  of  modern 
production  cannot  compete  with  the  large  stock 
of  these  metals  already  on  hand,  being  the  pro- 
duct of  the  much  cheaper  labor  of  former  times. 
Overlooking  the  fact  that  this  competition  is 
altogether  fanciful,  the  answer  to  the  above 
objection  is,  that  the  advantages  gained  through 
the  employment  of  improved  motors  and  ma- 
chinery for  prosecuting  the  business  of  mining 
more  than  compensate  for  the  cheaper  labor  of 
ancient  times.  Fourteen  thousand  mules  and 
twice  as  many  peons  were  formerly  maintained 
in  a  single  mining  district  in  Mexico  to  perform 
a  service  that  could  be  better  accomplished  by 
half  a  dozen  of  the  more  powerful  steam  engines 
now  in  use  on  the  Comstock  lode. 

The  statement  in  this  letter  to  the  Sun  that 
the  hydraulic  miners  of  California  think  it  worth 
while  to  wash  a  cubic  yard  of  gravel  for  the  one 
cent's  worth  of  gold  it  contains  must,  of  course, 
be  accepted  in  a  comparative  sense,  and,  as 
merely  expressing  the  writer's  idea  of  the  unpro- 
fitable character  of  this  business,  inasmuch  as 
the  value  of  the  gold  obtained  from  the  hydrau- 
lic washings  averages  fully  20  cents  to  the  cubic 
yard. 

The  cautions  thrown  out  by  Mr.  Del  Mar 
against  investing  in  the  shares  of  mines  listed 
on  the  New  York  Boards  are  neither  so  foolish 
or  untimely  as  some  may  suppose.  Properties 
liable  to  fluctuate  in  their  market  values  as 
some  of  our  mining  shares  have  done,  must  be 
very  dangerous  securities  for  the  stranger  to 
deal  in.  Take,  for  example,  the  history  of  half 
a  dozen  of  the  principal  mines  on  the  Comstock 
belt,  tracing  the  same  back  no  more  than  seven 
or  eight  years.  In  the  fall  of  1870  their  aggre- 
gate value,  as  measured  by  current  quotations, 
was  scarcely  $5,000,000.  In  January,  1875, 
this  value  had  risen  to  §270,000,000,  and  in  a 
little  more  than  two  years  after  had  fallen 
again  to  §10,000,000.  In  another  year  it  ad- 
vanced again  to  §30,000,000,  and  within  four 
months  thereafter  jumped  up  to  §125,000,000, 
since  which  time  it  has  again  dwindled  to  an 
insignificant  sum,  only  two  of  these  mines 
having  been  able  during  the  interim  to  show 
any  considerable  body  of  good  ores,  and  both  of 
these  towards  the  last  having  undergone  great 
deterioration.  How  can  Mr.  Del  Mar,  or  any 
one  else,  too  strongly  deprecate  investments  in 
properties  like  these !  It  is  sheer  nonsense  to 
affect  to  criticise  the  writer  who  characterizes 
this  class  of  operations  as  the  fraud  that  they 
are.  Better  thank  him,  as  one  caring  for  the 
welfare  of  the  inexperienced,  and  laboring  in 
the  interest  of  legitimate  mining. 


panies  deeply  buried  up  or  susceptible  of  easy 
it  will  cause  their  more  perfect  development  by  I  concealment  from  the  world, 
ncreasing  the  demand  for  a  perfect  iUumination  I      The  professional  gambler  does  not  pursue  his 
n  quantit  y  as  well  as    in  quality.  calling  on  the  public  thoroughfares,  nor  is  he 


In  Mono  Coetnty. — Mr.  J.  H.  Wheeler  is 
now  on  his  way  to  Mono  county  to  present  the 
claims  of  the  Press,  and  to  secure  trustworthy 
data  for  descriptive  articles  on  the  condition 
and  prospects  of,  mining  in  this  famous  district. 
We  trust  he  may  be  aided  in  his  work  by  all 
those  whom  he  may  approach. 

The  wiU  of  Baron  de  Rothschild  disposes  of 
personalty  amounting  to  £2,700,000. 


The  nature  of  the  inner  earth  appeals  to  a 
circle  of  inquirers  far  outside  the  pale  of  the 
special  sciences,  whether  the  earth  is  a  hollow 
shell  containing  molten  matter,  or  compressed 
gas,  or  has  a  solid  crust  and  nucleus  separated 
by  an  intermediate  layer  of  liquid,  each  has  its 
advocates,  and  is  supported  by  arguments  of 
more  or  less  weight.  During  a  visit  to  Vesuvius 
last  May,  Herr  Siemens,  to  explain  the  phen- 
omena which  he  witnessed,  was  driven  to  the 
conclusion  that  hydrogen  gas,  or  its  combust- 
ible compounds,  rise  from  below,  and,  mingling 
with  atmospheric  oxygen,  form  an  explosive 
mixture  which  is  burnt  in  the  upper  part  of  the 
yolcanic  chimney. 

By  continued  cooling  of  the  molten  globe,  a 
separation  of  its  components  would  probably 
occur,  according  to  their  relative  weights.  The 
igneous  liquid  would  not  be  homogeneous 
throughout.  Those  compounds  which  were 
specifically  heavier  would  be  attracted  toward 
the  interior  of  the  viscous  sphere,  while  the  less 
dense  substances  might  remain  nearer  to  the 
outside;  thus,  the  acid  silicates  might  be  separ- 
ated from,  and  float  upon  the  denser  basic  sili- 
cates. 

Whether  the  solidification  would  commence 
at  the  outside  or  at  the  center  of  the  refrigerat- 
ing globe,  is  the  point  of  argument.  If  a  mass 
of  molten  metal  be  allowed  to  cool,  a  crust  soon 
forms  over  the  surface,  while  the  interior  may 
remain  for  some  time  in  a  liquid  state,  and, 
hence,  it  is  natural  to  argue  that  we  live  upon 
the  crust  of  a  sphere  which  contains  a  mass  of 
molten  matter. 

It  is  now  30  years  since  Prof.  James  Thomson 
announced  the  theory  that  if  a  body  expand 
during  solidification,  its  melting  point  must  be 
lowered  by  pressure.     A  theory  afterward  corn- 
firmed  experimentally  by  his  brother,  now  Sir 
WiUiam  Thomson,  who  showed  that  the  melting 
point  of  ice  was  lowered  in  the  way  suggested; 
pointing  out  at  the  same  time  that  if  the  sub- 
stance contracted  during  solidification,  its  melt- 
ing point  ought  to  be  raised — a  prediction  con- 
firmed by  the  experiments  of  the  late  Mr.  Hop- 
kins,   of    Cambridge,  whose    investigation  ex- 
tended to  such  substances  as  wax  and  stearine, 
sulphur  and  spermaceti.     It  is  clear,  therefore, 
that  in  such  a  case,  pressure  and  heat  directly 
oppose  each  other;  the   former  tending  to  pre- 
vent, and  the  latter  tending  to  promote  fusion. 
Supposing  that  the  surface  of  the  cooling  globe 
were  locally  solidified,  the  solid  portions  might 
be  again  fused  as  they  descended  to  regions  of 
higher  temperature,  and  the  globe  might  thus 
be  kept   in  a  liquid  condition  until    it   became 
sufficiently  viscous  to  prevent  the  subsidence  of 
the    solidified  portions,    when     a    solid   crust 
would  permanently  form  on  the  exterior,  enclos- 
ing a  fluid  mass  within.     But  if  the  solidified 
portions,  as  they  sank  in  the  molten  mass,  had 
their  fusing  point  greatly  raised  by  the  in- 
creased pressure  to  which  they  were  subjected, 
then  it  is  possible  that  they  might  retain  their 
solid  condition,  even  at  the  very  center  of  the 
globe,  and  thus  the    process    of  solidification 
would  gradually  tend  outward,  until  a  solid  or 
nearly  solid  spheroid  was  ultimately  produced. 
All  depends,    however,   upon    the    question 
whether  the  molten    rock  would  contract  on 
solidification,  and,  if  so,  to  what  extent.     Bis- 
chof's  experiment  went  to  show  that  solid  rocks 
are  about  20%  denser  than  in  a  molten  state. 
Mr.  Mallet's  experiments  on  blast-furnace  slags 
show,    however,    that   these   silicates   contract 
only  about  6%  during  solidification.     Herr  Sie- 
mens found  that  if  glass  be  perfectly  fused  to  a 
thin  liquid  and  be  then  allowed  to  cool,  it  rap- 
idly contracts  until  it  acquires  a  plastic  or  vis- 
cous condition;  but  on  further  cooling  the  con- 
traction  is    greatly   diminished;    until  at   the 
moment  of    solidification    a    slight    expansion 
occurs,  and  hence  Herr  Siemens  concludes  that 
the  experiments  of  Thomson  and  Bischof  prove, 
not  that  the  earth  in  consequence  of  pressure  is 
solid  to  its  center,  but  simply  that  the  interior 
has  become  plastic  or  viscous,  and  upon  no 
other  hypothesis  can  the  formation  of  the  many 
thousand  feet  of  alternating  sedimentary  de- 
posits which  are  spread  over  the  surface  of  the 
earth  be  accounted  for.     Upon  the  plastic  hy- 
pothesis may  be   explained  the  great   elevation 
of  many  continental  areas,  and  the  gradual  up- 
heavals and  depressions  of  large  tracts  of  coun- 
try at  the  present  day.     The  difference  in  hight 
between  the  plateau  of  Central  Asia  and   the 
bottom  of  the  Pacific  ocean  is  at  least  12,000 
meters,  representing  a  difference  of  pressure  on 
the  viscous  matter  of  about  1,000  atmospheres, 
whence  the  rocks  which  form  the  floor   of  the 
ocean,    must,    of    course,    be   denser    than  the 
others  in  order  to  attain  the   requisite  hydro- 
static equilibrium.     Archdeacon  Pratt,  remark- 
ing upon  the  attractive  action  .of  the  Himalayas 
upon  the  plumb  line,  says:     "The  density  of 
the  crust  beneath  the  mountains  must  be   less 
than  that  below  the  plains,  and  still  less  than 
that  below  the  ocean  bed."    The  Astronomer 
Royal,  in  a  popular  lecture  last  year,  at  Cocker- 
mouth,  expressed  himself  in  similar  terms:    "If 
one  might  presume  on  such  a  point,  I   should 
say  that  the  high  parts  of  the  earth  are  made  of 
something  light.     The   heavy  dense  parts   are 
those  covered  by  considerable  quantities  of  wa- 
ter, and  they  have  sunk  deep  in  the  center  of 
lava,  in  which  I   conceive  all  things  to  be  rest- 
ing."    And   Sir  George   Airy   adds   the  great 
weight  of  his  authority  to  the  view  that  the 
center  of  the  earth  is  still  fluid. 


June  28,  1879.J 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


417 


A  Pacific  Coast  Harbor  of  Refuge. 


Francisco  and  the  Columbia  river,  the  two 
principal  commercial  and  shipping  porta  on  the 
Pacific  coast.  Cape  Mendocino  extends  some  15 
miles  to  the  westward  of  it,  so  the  harbor  is  in 
a  curve  of  the  coast  line  somewhat  protected 
Washington  Territory  is   such   that   there   are  .  from  wiutor  8torma   by   the   formfttio£   o£   the 

very  few  indentations  affording  harbor  facilities    land.     In  such  bights  or   indentations   on   the 
in   the  whole  length.     Between  San  Diego,  at  i  COftS*1  the  storms  and  seas  are  not   so  severe 


The  peculiar  configuration  of  the  Pacific  coast 
line  of  Lower  California,  California,  Oregon  and 


the  southern  boundary  of  California,  and  the 
Strait  of  Fuca  in  Washington,  a  distance  of 
somo  1,300  miles,  there  are  really  only  two  good 
harbors -accessible  at  all  times— San  Diego  and 
San  Francisco.  There  are  a  few  others  which 
are  good  when  once  inside,  but  they  are  bar 
harbors,  difficult  of  access  in  stormy  weather. 
A  large  proportion  of  the  landing  places  are 
mere  roadsteads  partially  protected  from  the 
summer  winds  by  projecting  headlands,  but 
open  to  the  southerly  gales  of  the  winter 
months.  Between  San  Francisco  and  San  Diego 
most  of  the  trade  is  done  by  steamers,  and  to 
the  more  important  points  north  of  this  place 
Bteamer  connection  is  made.  There  is,  how- 
ever, a  very  large  fleet  of  sailing  vessels  in  the 
coasting  trade,  carrying  produce,  lumber  and 
coal.  Tne  bulk  of  this  trade  is  to  the  north  of 
San  Francisco,  to  the  lumber  and  coal  regions, 
our  northern  coast  line . 


they  are  at  the  capes  and  points  lying  further 
to  the  westward. 

The  approach  to  tho  harbor  is  uninterrupted, 
and  there  are  no  broken  rocks  or  Bhoals.  The 
headland  is  380  feet  high  and  00  acres  in  extent. 
It  already  belongs  to  the  Government,  so  no 
money  will  bo  required  to  buy  the  land.  There 
is  also  a  lighthouse  there  now.  The  headland  is 
formed  of  hard  metamorphic  sandstone,  furnish- 
ing material  suitable  for  the  construction  of  a 
wall.  The  first  section  of  breakwater  from  the 
head  outwards  will  cost,  according  to  the  esti- 
mates of  the  engineers,  $3,070,000.  The  two 
sections,  or  whole  breakwater,  will  cost  $7,694, • 
000.  It  will  take  over  seven  years  to  build  the 
first  section,  and  between  17  and  IS  years  to 
build  the  whole,  on  the  supposition  that  1,000 
tons  of  stone  per  day  can  be  put  in  position  each 
working  day  iu  the  year.  Tnis  will  give  some 
idea  of  the  magnitude  of  tho  proposed  work. 

Of  course  where  so  much  money  is  to  be  spent 


Sites  of  Especial  Mining  Activity, 

In  glancing  over  the  mineral  districts  of  Cali- 
fornia, mining  affairs  seem  to  be  in  a  rather 
apathetic  condition  in  all  that  part  of  the  State 
lying  south  of  Mono  and  Mariposa  counties. 
Throughout  that  extensive  region  little  has 
transpired  of  late  in  connection  with  tho  busi- 
ness of  mining  calling  for  special  notice,  either 
as  regards  new  discoveries,  progress  mado  or 
openings  presented  for  investment.  In  the 
Julian  and  Banner  districts,  San  Diego  county, 
at  Silverado,  in  Los  Angeles,  and  at  a  number 
of  points  in  Inyo,  Kern  and  Fresno  counties 
work  has  been  kept  up  with  some  show  of 
activity,  but  elsewhere  in  this  section  of  the 
State  mining  operations  languish,  having  suf- 
fered contraction  rather  than  expansion  during 
the  past  two  or  three  years. 

Of  all  our  quartz  mining  centers  the  Bodie 
district,  in  Mono  county,  presents  just  now  the 
most  animated  as  well  as  the  most  hopeful  and 
prosperous  locality,  and  there  is  scarcely  a 
doubt  but  several  of  the  mines  here  are  really 
properties  of  very  great  value.  On  this  point 
the   attirmative   testimony  is'  strong  and  quite 


life 


being  especially  rich 
in  its  lumber  resour- 
ces. There  are  945 
vessels,  aggregating 
243,709  tons,  belong- 
ing to  the  port  of  San 
Francisco,  and  of  this 
number,  407  are 
schooners  engaged  in 
the  coasting  trade. 

Most  of  the  north- 
ern coast  trade  is  done 
at  "chute"  landings, 
as  they  are  called,  a 
loading  system  neces- 
sary from  the  rugged- 
ness  of  the  coast  line. 
These  chutes  consist 
of  a  long  incline  of 
wood  in  the  form  of  a 
shallow  trough,  ex- 
tending from  a  head- 
Ian  d  of  a  shipping 
point,  or  from  a  high 
wharf  or  pier,  out  to  a 
point  where  the  water 
is  deep  enough  to  al* 
low  vessels  to  come 
uuder  and  load.  Lum- 
ber and  other  articles 
are  slid  down  these 
chutes  to  the  vessel's 
deck,  the  vessel  mean- 
t  i  m  e  being  moored 
head  and  stern  and 
tied  up  strongly  to 
keep  her  in  position. 
Some  of  these  chutes 
are  400  or  500  feet 
long.  The  peculiar 
formation  of  the  coast 
brings  nearly  all  the 
chutes  on  the  north 
sides  of  the  landings. 
At  some  places  even 
these  cannot  be  used, 
owing  to  the  rough- 
ness of  the  place. 
Then  a  wire  rope  is 
let  down  from  the 
cliff,  taken  between 
the  schooner's  masts 
to  a  rock  or  buoy,  and 
a  steam  engine  on 
shore  lowers  the  ma- 
terial down  the  rope 
to  the  vessel. 

A  great  many 
wrecks  occur  in  win- 
ter on  this  coast  from 
the  lack  of  harbors,  as 
in  bad  weather  ves- 
sels have  to  be  at  sea 
and  take  it  as  it  comes, 
with  no  place  to  run 
to.     The  roadsteads  are  untenable  and  the   bar  ~  there  is  considerable  rivalry  as  to  point  of  Ioca-  I  unanimous.     Of  the  many  experts  and  practical  I  localities. 


grade.     That  this  district  opens    an    inviting 
field  for  investment  it  is  needless  to  Bay. 

Coming  north  into  Alpine  county,  still  eaa 
of  the  Sierra,  we  find  that  the  proapectB  of  the 
few  miners  left  here  have  undergone  some  im- 
provement of  late,  the  outlook  in  the  Monitor 
district  being  very  much  better  than  ever  be- 
fore. CrosBing  the  mountains  several  active 
camps  on  the  main  auriferous  quartz  belt  arrest 
attention.  First  wo  have  the  group  of  mines 
belonging  to  the  Bonderetta,  the  Martin  &  Wal- 
ling, and  the  Bondurant  Gold  Mining  and  Re- 
duction Companies,  with  the  FurguBon,  tho 
Eureka,  the  Pino  Blanco,  and  other  well  known 
properties  in  the  neighborhood,  and  the  Hite 
mine  not  far  distant.  These  mines  are  situated 
iu  Mariposa  county,  and  several  of  them  are 
making  large  and  profitable  productions  of  bul- 
lion, being  thoroughly  developed  and  well  out- 
fitted with  hoisting  and  reduction  works.  On 
the  property  of  the  Bondurant  company,  else- 
where more  fully  described  in  our  present  issue, 
operations  of  an  extensive  kiud  have  recently 
been  commenced,  some  of  the  other  companies 
mentioned  having  also  added  largely  to  their 
working  force,  affairs  in  the  whole  district  mov- 
ing now  with  a  vigor  never  before  experienced. 

About  Groveland,  in  Tuolumne  county,  new 
life  has  in  like  manner  been  infused  into  mining 
operations  through  the 


TRINIDAD    BAY,    CALIFORNIA -SHOWING    LINES    OF    PROPOSED    BREAKWATER    FOR    HARBOR    OF    REFUGE. 


harbors  inaccessible.     A   harbor  of  refuge   has  '  tion.     The  engineers,  desiring  further   iuforma- 
therefore    become    an  absolute  necessity,    aud    tion,  invited  all  persons  interested  to  come    be- 


steps  have  been  taken  by  the  Government  to 
construct  one.  Congress  has  appropriated 
§150,000  for  the  commencement  of  the  work, 
which  will  cost  some  §S,000,000  or  §10,000,000 
to  complete.  It  will  be  the  largest  operation 
ever  undertaken  on  this  coast  by  either  private 
corporations  or  the  Government. 

It  has  been  decided  to  have  this  artificial  har- 
bor at  some  point  on  the  coast  north  of  San 
Francisco,  between  it  and  the  Strait  of  Fuca, 
a  distance  of  700  miles;  between  which  two 
points  there  is  not  a  single  place  accessible  at  all 
times.  The  United  States  Board  of  Engineers, 
under  instructions,  examined  Drake's  bay,  Men- 
docino City,  Shelter  cove,  Humboldt  bay,  Trini- 
dad harbor,  Crescent  City,  Macks'  arch,  Port 
Orford,  and  Cape  Gregory  to  see  which  place 
afforded  the  best  facilities.  After  the  examina- 
tion they  reported  on  the  cost  of  all,  giving 
preference  to  Trinidad  harbor,  an  engraving  of 
which  we  herewith  present,  showing  the  con- 
figuration of  the  harbor  and  the  lines  of  a  pro- 
posed breakwater,  as  designed  by  the  board. 

Trinidad  bay  is  about  17  miles  above  Hum- 
boldt bay  and  31  miles  north  of  Cape  Mendo- 
cino, on  the  right  between  that  point  and  Pt. 
St.  George,  being  about  midway  between  San 


fore  them  and  explain  the  advantages  of  their 
respective  localities.  This  conference  has  drawn 
out  very  many  conflicting  opinions  from  ship 
masters  and  others.  It  is  probable,  however, 
that  the  choice  will  be  between  Trinidad  and 
Port  Orford.  The  engineers,  with  the  new  facts 
before  them,  will  next  month  make  another 
and  more  searching  examination,  and  report 
finally.  The  breakwater  at  Port  Orford  will 
cost  |lO,507,000,  the  depth  of  water  increasing 
the  cost.  The  engineers  may  Bee  fit  to  change 
their  opinions  on  further  examination,  but  the 
final  choice  rests  with  thern,  they  taking  all 
questions  of  geographical  position,  natural 
facilities,  cost,  etc.,  into  consideration. 


"American  Antiquarian." — We  acknowl- 
edge receipt  of  the  "American  Antiquarian,  '' 
published  at  Chicago,  111.,  under  the  editorial 
charge  of  Rev.  Stephen  D.  Peet,  and  in  a  future 
issue  will  refer  more  at  length  to  its  interest- 
ing contents. 

Senator  Blaine  has  written  a  letter  to  New 
York  merchants  on  the  decay  of  American  com- 
merce and  the  means  of  promoting  its  revival. 


miners  who  have  visited  the  district  within  the 
past  month,  none  have  expressed  other  than  a 
high  opinion  of  the  ore  bodies  developed  in  the 
Standard  and  Bodie  mines,  some  of  these  par- 
ties avowing  the  belief  that  the  Standard  find  is 
second  only  in  importance  to  the  bonanza  strike 
on  the  Comstock  lode.  I.  M.  Taylor,  who  has 
just  returned  from  a  visit  to  these  mines,  made 
in  the  interest  of  New  York  investors,  tells  us 
that  he  does  not  think  the  accounts  given  of 
them  by  either  visitors  or  the  local  press  have 
been  at  all  exaggerated.  He  made  careful 
measurements  of  the  Standard  exploitations 
and  ore  reserves,  which  latter  he  considers 
ample  to  keep  the  company's  20-stamp  mill 
running  steadily  for  the-  next  three  years,  the 
profits  in  sight  amounting  to  more  than  the 
entire  property  is  selling  for  on  the  New  York 
board,  rating  the  stock  at  $36  per  share.  Aside 
from  established  reserves  the  ore  bodies  devel- 
oped point  to  continuity  in  depth  with  a  like- 
lihood of  others  being  opened  in  virgin  ground. 
The  ores  are  exclusively  gold-bearing,  and  so 
free  from  contumacious  elements  that  they  sur- 
render 90%  of  the  precious  metal  they  contain 
under  the  most  cheap  and  simple  treatment  in 
use.  They  are  sent  to  mill  without  assorting, 
^nd  yield  an  average  of  $90  per  ton,  the  results 
f  downward  exploration  tending  to  a  higher 


ore  developments  be- 
ing  made  in  the 
Spring  mine  at  that 
place.  In  Amador 
county  quartz  mining 
was  never  in  a  more 
active  or  prosperous 
condition  than  at  pre- 
sent. Throughout  that 
section  of  the  mother 
lode  that  extends  from 
Jackson  to  Plymouth, 
including  along  it  the 
Kennedy,  the  Oneida, 
the  Keystone,  the  Po- 
tosi,  the  Eureka,  the 
several  Amadors  and 
other  mines,  this  new 
movement  amounts  to 
almost  a  revolution. 
Many  of  our  most 
shrewd  and  wealthy 
operators  have  lately 
embarked  largely  of 
their  means  in  this 
historic  field  where  so 
many  fortunes  have 
been  made  or  vastly 
improved.  In  the  vi- 
cinity of  Grass  Valley, 
the  cradle  of  quartz 
mining  in  California, 
this  interest  continues 
to  grow  steadily, 
though  attended  with 
less  stir  than  in  the 
several  localities  above 
mentioned.  At  that 
place,  tbe  Idaho  mine, 
through  a  late  strike 
made  in  italowerle  vela, 
takes  a  new  lease  of 
life,  carrying  joy  to 
the  share  holders  and 
encouragement  to  the 
business  generally. 

While  a  general  ac- 
tivity is  manifested  in 
all  of  the  localities 
mentioned,  it  must, 
nevertheless,  be  con- 
fessed that  a  larger 
investment  of  capital 
would  develop  the 
resources  of  each  to 
a  much  greater  extent 
than  can  be  done  solely 
by  unassisted  efforts. 
There  are  many  oppor- 
tunities for  invest- 
ment in  established 
mines  which  might, 
perhaps,  be  more 
commendable  than 
experimenting  in  new 
Dissatisfaction  with  a  paying  strike, 
desire  to  reach  a  bonanza,  cannot  be  too 
t  leads  to   failure  in 


and 

strongly    condemned,  as 

accomplishing  the  results  sought  for.  Continued 

application  in  the  development  of  any  particular 

mine  cannot  fail  to  produce  beneficial  results, 

although  not  so   rapidly — yet  they  will   be  in 

the   end  more  permanent. 

Industrial  Arts.— A  publication  which  will 
give  information  of  most  valuable  and  practical 
character  is  "Spon's  Encyclopedia  of  Industrial 
Arts,  Manufacturing  and  Commercial  Products." 
The  work  is  published  by  E.  &  F.  N.  Spon,  of 
London  and  New  York,  the  well-known  pub- 
lishers of  scientific  books.  Their  encyclopedia 
will  be  issued  in  about  30  monthly  parts,  and 
will  cover  a  wide  range  of  industrial  arts  and 
manufactures.  Number  four  of  the  series  we  now 
have  before  us.  It  has  a  most  elaborate  illus- 
trated article  on  alcohol  and  its  manufacture  from 
all  substances.  Also  begins  an  exhaustive  review 
of  the  nature  and  manufacture  of  alkalies.  The 
plan  of  the  work  is  to  secure  articles  on  the  special 
industries  by  men  practically  engaged  or  inter- 
ested in  them,  and  thus  the  treatment  may  be 
relied  upon  as  fresh,  pertinent  and  practical. 
This  work  should  find  its  way  into  all  libraries, 
for  it  will  be  invaluable  as  a  book  of  reference. 


418 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[June  28,  1879. 


1TOTIOB 

TO    THE 

MINING  PUBLIC 


MESSRS.  RANKIN,  BRATTON  &  CO..  of 
the  Pacific  Iron  Works,  are  the  only  parties 
authorized  to  manufacture  HOWELL'S  IM- 
PROVED WHITE  FURNACE  under  the 
License  of  this  Company. 

THE  STETEFELDT  FURNACE  CO., 

By  C.  A.  STETEFELDT,  President. 


Referring  to  the  above,  the  undersigned  would  call  at- 
tention to  the  fact  that  by  a  compromise  recently  effected 
with  the  STETEFELDT  FURNACE  COMPANY,  they 
have  secured  the  use  of  all  the  patents  of  said  Company 
applying  to 

Revolving  Cylinder  Furnaces, 

And  are  thus  enabled  to  give -purchasers  the  license  of 
all  patent  claimants,  to-wit: 

WHITE,    HOWELL,   THOMPSON, 

—  AND     THE  — 

Stetefeldt  Furnace  Company, 

Thereby  avoiding  all  further  litigation  in  reference  to 
these  rival  claims.     The  great 

SUPERIORITY  OF  THE  FURNACES 

Embracing  these  patents  has  been  satisfactorily  demon- 
strated. There  are  now  some  thirty  of  them  in  operation 
in  the  various  mining  districts  of  the  coast,  operating  in 
all  cases  with  economy  and  satisfaction,  working  in  many 
localities 

THE  BASEST  AND  MOST  REFRACTORY  ORES  UP 
TO  90  AND  95  PER  CENT. 

By  an  improvement — the  patent  for  which  has  recently 
been  allowed— this  Furnace  can  be  readily  adjusted  so  as 
to  work  with  equal  facility  and  effectiveness  all  classes  of 
ores. 

The  following  are  some  of  the  Mining  Companies  who 
have  recently  adopted  this  Furnace,  the  most  of  which  are 
now  in  successful  operation,  many  of  them  running  two 
and  some  three  and  four  Furnaces. 

NEVADA.— Grand  Prize,  Star,  Martin  White,  High- 
bridge,  Columbia,  Alexander,  Paradise  Valley,  Jefferson, 
Leopard,  Eagle,  Endowment,  Independence. 

ARIZONA. —Tiptop,  Tiger,  Peck,  Hackberry,  Corbin, 
Tombstone,  Bradshaw. 

OREGON— Monumental. 

MONTANA— Alice  Mine,  Butte  City. 

MEXICO — Trinidad,  Harmiguera,  Plomoses. 

PERU— Cerro  de  Dasco. 

RANKIN,  BRAYTON  &  CO., 

Pacific    Iron    Works. 

CAUTION.— All  persons  are  hereby  cautioned  against 
buying  from  other  parties  Furnaces  embracing  the 
improvements  covered  by  the  patents  above  mentioned, 
as  they  will  be  vigorously  prosecuted  and  involved  in 
heavy  damages. 


WASHING!  WASHING! 


Prices  Reduced!  Prices  Reduced! 


La  Grande  Laundry, 

lSth  Street,  Between  Folsom  and  Howard. 
PRINCIPAL  OFFICE, 

648  Market  Street,   S.  F. 

Office  open  from  7  A.  a.  to  9  p.  M.  Saturdays  to  11  p.  M. 
Washing  called  for  and  delivered  to  any  part  of  the  city 
free  of  charge. 

All  orders  receive  prompt  attention.  For  circular  and 
rice  List  apply  at  the  Office, 

648  Market  St.,  San  Francisco. 


»  PALACE  I]? 
ESTAURAN1 


This  elegant  and  spa 
clous  S.  F.  ReBtaurant 
has  been  re-opened  with 
superior  bill  of  fare  dai- 


lESTAURANl-Go-odLiv^at 


218  Sansome  St. 


Reduced  Prices 

ly,  and  is  now  the  beet 
andmost  popular  dining 
aaloon  on  this  Coast. 
[Lunch  ready  at  10  A.  m.]  Resident  business  men  and  visi- 
tors from  abroad  will  fee  wise  iu  giving  this  place  an  early 
oall.    Examine        of  fare  and  prices. 

HERMAN  H.  HORST,  Frop'r. 


PACIFIC    POWER    CO. 

Room  with  steam  power  to  let  in  the 
Pacific  Power  Co.'s  new  brick  building, 
Stevenson  street,  near  Market.  Eleva- 
tor in  building.  Apply  at  the  Com- 
pany's office,  314  California  street. 


AN    ENGINEER, 

Favorably  known  in  the  East,  desirous  of  settling  In  Callfor 
nia,  seeka  position  as  Superintendent  or  Chief  Draughtsman. 
Oompet  nt  to  design  Stationary,  Marine.  Locomotive,  Mill 
"Work,  Sugar  and  Hydraulic  Machinery.  Speaks  Spanish, 
Unexceptional  references.    Address  EXPERT,  this  office. 


HI    RUSSELL'S  AMALGAMATOR 


Patented  June  25Gb 


SJ^T-IE    -Y-OTTIR,    GOLD 
And    Also    SAVE    YOUR    QUICKSILVER. 

The  above  Washer  and  Amalgamator  with  new  patent  Wire  Bridge  Quicksilver  Boxes  attached,  can  be  worked 
wet  or  dry,  either  by  hand,  steam,  horse  or  water  power,  and  is  easily  taken  apart  and  packed.  For  washing-  Pulp, 
Earth,  Gravel,  Mill  Tailings  or  Black  Sand,  it  is  without  a  rival. 

Has  been  Thoroughly  Tested  and  given  Complete  Satisfaction. 

The  entire  Lining,  Hanging  Plates,  Riffles  and  Boxes  Amalgamated 

IS    GUARANTEED    TO  SAVE    THE    FINEST    OR     FLOAT    GOLD. 

Capacity,  30  to  60  tons  per  day,  according  to  size.    For  further  particulars  apply  to 

J.  MORIZIO,  Gen'l  Agt., 

Room  24,  Safe  Deposit  Building,  Corner  Montgomery  and  California  Streets,  SAN  FRANCISCO. 


HERCULES    SLAYING^THETGIANTS. 


HERCULES  POWDER 

Derives  its  name  from  Hercui-es,  the  most  famous  hero  of  Greek  Mythology,  who  was  gifted  with  superhuman 

strength.     On  one  occasion  he  slew  several  giants  who  opposed  him,  and  with  one  blow 

of  his  club  broke  a  high   mountain  from   summit  to  base. 


HERCULES  POWDER  will  "break  more  rock,  i3  stronger,  safer  and  better  than  any  other 
Explosive  in  use,  and  is  the,  only  Nitro-Glycerine  Powder  chemically  compounded  to  neutralize 
the  poisonous  fumes,  notwithstanding  bombastic  and  pretentious  claims  by  others. 

No.  1  (XX)  is  the  Strongest  Explosive  Known. 
No.  2  is  superior  to  any  powder  of  that  grade 

PATENTED  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES  PATENT  OFFICE. 


THE    CALIFORNIA    POWDER   WORKS, 

MANUFACTURERS  OP 

Sporting,  Cannon,  Mining,  Blasting  and  HERCULES  Powder. 

ORDERS  RECEIVED  FOR  HERCULES  CAPS  AND  ^FUSE. 

JOHN   F.   LOHSE,  SECY. 
Office,  No.  230  California  Street,       ....      San  Francisco,    Cal. 


From  1-4  to   10,000  lbs.  "Weight. 

True  to  pattern,  aouud  and  solid,  of  unequaled  strength,  toughness  and  durability. 
An  invaluable  substitute  for  forginga  or  cast-iro  1  requiring  three-fold  strength. 
Gearing  of  all  kinds,  Shoes,   Dies,   Hammerheads,  Crossheads  for  Locomotives,  etc. 
12.0J0  Crank  Shafts  of  tim  Steel  now  running  proved  superior  to  wrought  iron. 
CRANK  SHAFTS,  CROSSHEADS  and  GEARING,  specialties. 
Circulars  and  Price  Lists  free.    Address 

Chester  Steel  Castings  Co. 

Work3.  Chester,  Pennsylvania.       40V  Library  St.,  Philadelphia 


PETERSON  &  0LSS0N, 
MODEL    MAlfJmS, 


INVENTORS 

Will  find  it  to  their  advantage  to  call  on  us  at  328  BUSH 
STREET,  bet.  Montgomery  and  Kearny,  (up-staira,)  S.  P 


Good  land  that  will  raise  a  crop  every 
year.  Over  14,000  acres  for  sale  in  lots  to 
suit.  Climate  healthy.  No  drouths,  bad 
floods,  nor  malaria.  Wood  and  water 
S  Title,  perfect.  Send  stamp  for  Illus- 
to  EDWARD    FRISB1E,    Proprietor  of 


LAND 

convenient.  U, 
trated  circular 
Reading'  Ranch,  Anderson,  Shasta  County,'  Cal. 


Diamond    Drill    Co. 

The  undersigned,  owners  of  LESCHOT'S  PATENT 
for  DIAMOND  POINTED  DRILLS,  now  brought  to  the 
highest  state  of  perfection,  are  prepared  to  fill  orders 
for  the  IMPROVED  PROSPECTING  AND  TUNNELING 
DRILLS,  with  or  without  power,  at  short  notice,  and 
at  reduced  prices.  Abundant  testimony  furnished  of 
the  great  economy  and  successful  working  of  numerous 
machines  in  operation  in  the  quartz  and  gravel  mines 
on  this  coast.  Circulars  forwarded,  and  full  infor- 
mation given  upon  application. 

A.  J.  SEVERANCE  &  GO. 
Office,  No.  320  Sansome  street.  Room  10. 

Take  the  Paper  that  standB  by  your  in- 
terests. 


hli$ijie$$  bifectory. 


WM.    BARTLINO. 

BARTLING- 


HENRY    KIM  I!  ALL 

KIMBALL, 
BOOKBINDERS, 

Paper  Rulers  &  Blank  Book  Manufacturers. 
605  Clay  Street, (south west  corner  Sansome), 

SAN  FRANCISCO. 

San  Francisco  Cordage  Company. 

Established    1856. 

We  have  just  added  a  large  amount  of  new  machinery  of 
the  latest  and  most  improved  land,  and  are  again  prepared 
to  fill  orders  for  Rope  of  any  Bpecial  lengths  and  sizes.  Con- 
stantly on  hand  a  large  stock  of  Manila  Rope,  all  sizes: 
Tarred  Manila  Rope;  Hay  Rope;  Whale  Line,  etc  ,  etc. 
TUBBS  &  CO., 
611  and  613  Front  Street,  San  Francisco 


JOHN    A.    CHURCH, 
MINING    ENGINEER, 

COLUMBUS,  OHIO. 

C.    L.   GILLBR, 
SEAL    ENGRAVER    AND    DIE    SINKER, 

No.  430  MONTGOMERY  STREET,  S.  F. 

The  best  Work  done  od  the  moat  reasonable  terms  on 
the  Coast. 


STEVENOT'S 

Fine  Gold  Amalgamator. 

Adapted  for  Ores,  Tailings,  Slimes,  Etc. 

Unequaled  for  Cheapness,  Lightness  and 
Practical   Results. 


No  mechanism  required  to  run  it.  Worked  entirely  by 
pressure  of  water  throwing  the  ore  forcibly  on  to  and 
through  a  body  of  mercury. 

E.  K.  STEVENOT, 

Chemist  and  Mining  Engineer, 

304  Montgomery  St.,  San  Francisco. 

REPORTS  MADE  ON  MINES.  Quartz  Mills,  and 
Works  of  every  description  started. 


J.  S.  rmLLirs,  m.  e., 

Consulting  Engineer  I  Metallurgist, 
Examiner  of  Mines  and  Assayer, 


702    CALIFORNIA 
AuUior  of—  «  »  *  - 


STREET, 
San  FitANOisco. 


The  Explorers',  Miners'  and  Metallurgists'  Companion, 

672  pages,  83  Illustrations,  (2d  Edition.)    Price $  10  50 

The  Prospector's  "  Wee  Pet "  Assayer,  (Patented) 100  00 

The  Testmg  Machine  for  Gold,  Silver,  Lead,  etc 40  00 

The  "Little  Wonder"  Self-calculating  Sample  and 

Eutton  Weigher,  (Patented) 25  00 

Blow-pipists'  Pocket  Laboratory  of  Tools,  Fluxes,  etc.     50  00 

Vest  Pocket  Blowpipe 3  00 

CHARGES.— Assaying,  $3;  Testing,  §2  per  metal 

Assaying  and  Testing  Taught. 


WANTED-$10,000. 

For  310,000  cash  in  hand  I  will  give  a  one-half  intercBt 
in  the  BLUE  JAY  and  ELEPHANT  QUARTZ  minea, 
situated  in  the  French  Creek  Mining  District,  Siskiyou 
County,  Cal.  And  I  will  take  or  give  a  lease  on  said 
mines,  and  pay  or  receive  eight  per  cent,  on  the  amount 
invested.  For  further  particulars  apply  to  H.  C.  Cory, 
Etna  Mills,  Siskiyou  County,  California. 


C.  C.  Bitner's  Apparatus  for  Obtaining-  Met- 
allic Copper  from  its  Solutions. 

Patented  March  18th,  1879.  Will  precipitate  with  ateam  in 
three  hours,  requiriug  no  machinery  to  run  it.  Coat  of  con- 
structing apparatus,  S75.  The  old  cylinder  process  takes 
four  hour3  to  precipitate  and  coats  from  81,200  to  £1,600  to 
construct,  besides  the  machinery  to  run  it.  For  right  to  uao 
my  Precipitator  address  O.  C.  BITNER,  Spenceville,  Ne- ' 
vada  County,  California, 


June  28,  1879.J 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


419 


Metallurgy  ajid  Ores. 

Nevada    Metallurgical    Works, 

No   23   STEVENSON  8TBEET. 
Near  Firat  and  Market  Street*. 

Ore«  worked  by  any  proceea. 

Ores  sampled. 

AsHAYixi  in  all  ita  bnutchea. 

Analysis  of  Orea,  Minerals,  Waters,  etc. 

W11KKI.NH  TESTS  HADE. 

Plans  furnished  for  the  most  suitable  process 
tor  working  Ores. 

Special   attention  paid   to    Examinations  of 
Mines;  plans  and  reports  furnished. 
E.  HUHN, 

C.  A.  LOfiKHARDT, 
Mining  Engineers  and  Metallurgists 

JOHN  TAYLOR  &  CO., 

Importers  of  and  Dealers  In 

ASSAYERS'  MATERIALS, 

CHEMICAL  APPARATUS  AND  CHEMICALS,  DRUG- 
GISTS' GLASSWARE  AND  SUNDRIES,  Etc. 

612  &  518  Washington  St.,  San  Francisco 

We  would  call  the  special  attention  of  Assayers,  Chem- 
ists, Mining  Companies,  Milling  Companies,  Prospectors, 
etc.,  to  our  Block  of  Clay  Crucibles,  Muffles,  Dry  Cups, 
etc.,  manufactured  by  the  Patent  Plumbago  Cruci- 
ble Co.,  of  London,  England,  for  which  wo  have 
been  made  Sole  Agent*  for  the  t'ncijic  Const.  Circulars 
with  prices  will  be  sent  u|»>a  application. 

Also,  to  our  large  and  well  adapted  stock  of 

Assayers'  Materials  &  Chemical  Apparatus. 

Having  been  engaged  In  furnishing  these  supplies  since 
the  llrat  discovery  of  mines  on  the  Pacific  Coast. 

i^TOur  Gold  and  Silver  Tables,  showing  the  value  per 
ounce  Troy  ut  different  degrees  of  fineness,  and  valuable 
tables  for  computation  of  assays  in  grains  and  grammes, 
will  be  sent  free  upon  application. 

JOHN    TAYLOR    &    CO. 


LEOPOLD   KUH, 

(Formerly  of  the  U.  S.  Branch  Mint,  S.  F.) 

Assayer   and    Metallurgical    Chemist, 

No.  611  COMMERCIAL  STREET, 
(Between  Montgomery  and  Kearny,) 

San  Frakcisco,  Cal. 

The   Miners'    Assay   Office, 

N.    E.    Corner   of  the    Plaza. 
PRESCOTT,       -       -      -       -       ARIZONA. 

Assays  of  Silver,  31.  SO.    Goldand  Silver,   §2.    Other  Ores 
at  corresponding  rates.    All  assays  guaranteed. 
Gold  and  Silver  melted  into  Bars.     Working  Teats  made. 
XtSTAIlnefl  examined,  sales  negotiated,  etc. 

W.  H.   WILLISCRAFT, 
P.  O.  Box  153.  Prcscott,  Arizona, 

TKOS.  PRICE'S 

Assay    Office    and    Chemical 
Laboratory, 

524  Sacramento  St..  S.  F. 


0.  F.  Dbbtken.  Wu.  E.  Smith, 

PIONEER  REDUCTION  WORKS, 

Channel  Street,  off  foot  of  Fourth,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Highest  price  paid  for  Sulphurets,  Areeniurets,  Tellurides 
and  Gold  Ores  generally. 

Careful  attention  paid  to  practical  working  tests  on  a 
large  scale  of  Gold-bearing  Quartz  and  ores  of  a  refractory 
ana  sulphureted  nature. 

Will  examine,  report  on,  and  survey  mining  properties. 


METALLURGICAL   WORKS, 
STRONG    &    CO.,   10  Stevenson   Street, 

ORES  SAMPLED,  TESTED,  ASSAYED. 


GU  IDO     KUSTEL. 

MINING  ENGINEER  and  METALLURGIST. 

P.    O     Address:    ALAMEDA.     CAL. 


ROYAL 

Writing 


MILLS 

Papers. 


NoteB,  Letters,  LegaU  and  Foolscaps,  all  weights. 
An  Extra.  Superfine  Paper  at  low  price, 

H.  S.  CROCKER  &  CO. 


F.  MOORECROFT, 

Stone  Seal  Engraver, 

THURLOW    BLOCK, 

Room  38,  126  Kearny  St. ,  Cor.  Sutter,  San  Francisco. 

Coats  of  Arms,  Crests,  Monograms  and  Ma- 
.sonic  Inscriptions  Carefully  Engraved. 


ELECTRIC   LIGHT. 

BRUSH     PATENT. 
The  Best,  Cheapest,  Cleanest,  and  Most  Powerful  Light  in  the  World. 

In  daily  use  at  the  PalacelHotel'and  the  Union  Iron'Works.  S.  F. 


Parties  desiring  Electric  Light  for  Halls,  Shops,  Docks,  Mills, 
StreetB  and  Mines,  are  invited  to  send  us  full  particulars  regarding 
the  buildings/rooms  or  places  to  be  lighted,  including  dimensions, 
character  of  walls  and  ceilings,  amount  of  available  power  and  its 
location,  amount  of  light  now  used,  character  of  work  being  done, 
length  of  time  light  will  bo  needed  continuously,  etc. 

With  these  items  before  us,  we  will  make  a  proposition  to  furnish 
a  COMPLETE  OUTFIT  OF  ELECTRIC  LIGHT,  put  it  in  perfect 
working  order  and  guarantee  its  success  and  permanence.     Address  all  communications, 

S.  F.  TELEGRAPH  SUPPLY  CO , 

WM.    KERR,    President, 

San   Francisco,   Cal. 


Ingersoll  Rock  Drills. 


In  use  in   the    largest   and  best 
Mines  of  the  Coast. 

HAS    AUTOMATIC  FEED. 

Has  less  Repairs. 

Is  Lighter  and  more  Easily  Ad- 
justed than  any  other  Drill. 
Our  DRY  AIR  COMPRESSORS  are  the  most  Economical  Compressors  in  the  Market. 

MINERS'  HORSE-POWER. 

Tills  Power  in  especially  adapted  to  working  mines,  hoist 
ing  coal  or  building  material,  etc.  It  will  do  the  work  of  a 
Steam  Engine  with  one-tenth  the  expense.  One  Horse  ca 
easily  hoist  over  1,000  pounds  at  a  depth  of  500  feet. 

The  Power  is  mainly  built  of  wrought  iron,  and  cannot  be 
affected  by  exposure.  The  hoisting-drum  Is  thrown  out  of 
gear  by  the  lever,  while  the  load  is  held  in  place  with  a  brake 
by  the  man  tending  bucket.  The  frame  of  the  Power  is 
bolted  to  bed-timbers,  thus  avoiding  all  frame  work.  When 
required  these  Powers  are  made  in  sections  for  packing. 

REYNOLDS  &  RIX,    18  and   20   Fremont  Street,  San  Francisco. 


SANDERSON  BROS.  &  GO.'S 

Best  Refined.  Cast-Steel. 

Warranted  Most  Superior  for  Drills,  Hammers,  Etc. 

A  full  and   complete  stock  of  this  reliable  and  well-known 
brand  of  Steel,  for  mining  and  other  uses,  now  in  stock  and  for  sale 

At  No^  417  Market  St.,  S.  F.,  -   H.  D.  Morris,  Agent. 


FRANCIS  SMITH  &  CO., 


00 


Manufacturers  of 


*>o 


THE    PATENT   CHANNEL   IRON    WHEELBARROWS.  m 

THE  STRONGEST  BARROW  MADE.     These  Barrows  are  made  by  Superior  Workmen,  and  m ""■ 

of  the  beBt  material.    All  sizes  kept  constantly  on  hand,  •=x» 

SHEET   IRON    PIPE.  £§ 

Lap-Welded  Pipe,  all  Sizes,  from  Three  to  Six  Inches.    Artesian  Well  Pipe-  SE 

Also,  Galvanized  Iron  Boilers,  from  26  to  IOO  Gallons. 

Iron  Cut,  Punched,  and  Formed  for  making  Pipe  on  ground,  where  required.   AH  kinds  of  Tools  ^^ 

supplied  for  making  Pipes.    Estimates  given  when  required.     Are  prepared  for  coating  all  slea  of  ^^~ 

Pipes  with  a  composition  of  Coal  Tar  and  Asphaltum.  a'\J 

Office  and  Manufactory,  130  Beale  Street,  San  Francisco.  P1 


Machinery. 


GOLD  AND  SILVER 

Grinding  and  Amalgamating 
MACHINERY. 

Stamp  Mllle,  Rock  Ilreakera,  Crushing  Rolls,  Amalgama- 
ting Pans  atui  Separators  for  i;idd  arid  silver  Ores,  Ohloro- 
ilisdng  Furnace*.  Kurorts,  Hock  Drills.  Air  Compressors,  Sttrol 

SI,.,,  ■-.  .hkI  1».  .  j..i  stiinii'-    in  id    every    description    ol    Mine 
and  Mill  Supplies. 


SPERRY'S 
Wrought-lron    Frame 

FOR    STAMP    MILLS. 

Great  saving  in  time  and  money  over  the  wood  frame.  Is 
made  complete  with  wrought-iron  frame  ready  to  put  upon 
the  foundation,  ru'iuiriug  no  skilled  millwright.  These  mills 
are  unsurpassed  in  excel  knee  in  every  particular. 

We  are  furnishing  all  the  Machinery  for  a  10-Stainp  Gold 
Mill,  including  Crucible,  Steel  ShoeB  and  Dies,  Boiler  and 
Engine,  Counter  Shafting,  Pulleys,  etc.,  Stamps  weighing 
450  It>s.  each,  with  Copper  Plate  inside  of  the  Mortars,  and 
for  tables  outside,  making  all  the  Machinery  complete  for  a 
lO-Stamp  Mill  for  the  sum  of 

S2,250. 

We  construct  Mills  with  Stamps  weighing  from  350  to  900 
lbs.  for  gold  or  Silver  Ores.  Wet  or  dry  Crushing  Mortars. 
Will  contract  to  erect  complete  Gold  and  Silver  Mills  on  the 
moat  improved  plans.  We  have  33  years'  experience  in  min- 
ing and  milling  Gold  and  Silver  Ores,  and  can  compete  with 
the  world.    Send  for  a  circular.    Address 

M0REY  &  SPERET, 

No.  145  Broadway, 


NEW  YORK. 


C.   H.  EVANS 


THOMSON    &   EVANS, 

(Successors  to  Thomson*  &  Parker.)] 

Engineers  and  Machinists. 


Steam  Pumps,  Steam  Engines,  Hoisting, 

Pumping,  Quartz  Mill,  Mining,  Saw 

Mill   Machinery,  Specialties. 

Plans  and  Specifications  for  Machinery  furuiehod.    Re- 
pairing promptly  attended  to. 

110  &  112  Beale  St.,  San  Francisco. 


THE  IMPROVED  0'HARRA 
OHLORIDIZINGr  FURNACE. 

Patented  Sept.  10th,  1878. 

Now  in  Operation  at  the  Extra  Mining  Co.'fl 
Works,  Copper  City,  Shasta  Co.,  Cal. 

Two  men  and  two  cords  of  wood  roast 

Forty  Tons  of  Ore  in  Twentyfour  Hours, 

Giving  a  full  chlorlnation  (100%)  at  a  cost  of  80  cents  per 
on.    Addreso, 

O'HARRA    &    FERGUSON, 
Furnaceville,  Shasta  Co.,  Cal 
Or  CHA8.  W.  CRANE,  Agent, 

.Room  10t  Safe  Deposit  Building;,  San  Francisco. 


Dewey  &  Co {2°2mesiU Patent  Ag'ts 


420 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS 


[June  28,  1879. 1, 


Gas  in  Metallurgical  Operations. 

New  processes  in  the  production  and  utiliza- 
tion of  hydrogen  and  other  gases,  have  lately 
been  discovered,  which,  if  true  in  part  only, 
will  accomplish  a  revolution  in  the  operations 
for  deoxidizing,  desulphurizing  and  dephosphor- 
izing ores,  producing  iron  and  steel,  protecting 
all  kinds  of  iron  manufactures  from  corrosion, 
rendering  them  capable  of  resisting  the  action 
even  of  aqua  regia,  salts  and  alkalies. 

These  gases  can  be  produced  continuously 
and  cheaply,  and  used  for  fuel  in  all  metallurgi" 
cal  operations  in  place  of  solid  carbon. 

It  is  claimed  that  the  hydrogen  can  be  pro- 
duced under  a  pressure  of  30  to  40  pounds  per 
Bquare  inch  if  desired,  and  can  produce  a  heat 
more  intense  and  concentrated  than  any  other 
substance,  capable  of  reducing  titanic  and  other 
refractory  ores,  while  the  affinity  of  hydrogen 
for  sulphur  and  phosphorus  as  well  as  for  oxy- 
gen removes  these  impurities  that  carbon  can- 
not reach,  and  enables  pure  iron  and  steel  to  be 
manufactured  from  ores  which  by  ordinary  pro- 
cesses are  worthless. 

The  range  of  the  products  of  these  processes 
extends  from  a  pure  hydrogen  sponge  to  the 
finest  quality  of  steel,  and  with  soft  or  hard 
surfaces,  as  may  be  desired. 

The  mode  of  producing  the  hydrogen  con- 
tinuously and  cheaply  results  from  the  discovery 
that  iron  at  a  red  heat  oxidized  by  superheated 
steam  is  immediately  deoxidized  by  a  small 
amount  of  naptha  vapor.  By  passing  super- 
heated steam  over  iron  heated  to  redness  in  a 
close  retort  hydrogen  is  liberated  and  the  iron 
is  oxidized,  but  the  addition  of  a  certain  propor- 
tion of  naptha  vapor  immediately  restores  the 
iron  to  its  normal  condition,  and  with  it  its 
capacity  for  producing  hydrogen,  and  so  imper- 
ceptible is  the  interval  between  the  oxidation 
and  deoxidation  of  the  iron  that  the  production 
of  hydrogen  is  continuous  without  any  consump- 
tion of  the  iron  whatever. 

In  the  BarfF  process  for  protecting  iron  surfaces 
by  a  coatingof  magnetic  black  oxide,  produced  by 
the  action  of  superheated  steam  on  iron  heated 
from  500  to  1,000  degrees  in  close  vessels  under 
pressure,  the  iron  was  not  uniformly  coated  and 
would  scale  off.  In  fact,  this  process  was  a 
failure,  requiring,  even  for  partial  results,  a 
perfectly  clean  surface,  as  in  galvanizing,  tin- 
ning or  nickel  plating.  But,  with  the  new  pro- 
cess, the  foul  condition  of  the  surface  before 
treatment  does  not  influence  the  result.  The 
iron  heated  to  redness  is  subjected  to  a  bath  of 
hydro-carbon  vapor,  which  immediately  reduces 
the  oxide  and  leaves  the  surface  in  a  condition 
to  be  acted  on  by  the  superheated  steam,  no 
part  escaping  its  action. 

A  keg  of  punchings  completely  coated  with 
iron  rust  was  thrown  into  the  retort  and  treated 
without  preparation.  They  were  taken  out 
with  polished  and  smooth  surfaces  resembling 
graphite,  and  the  digestion  of  specimens  in  nitro- 
muriatic  acid  for  12  hours  produced  no  effect. 

By  this  process,  it  is  claimed,  can  be  prepared 
metallic  shingles,  Russia  sheet  iron,  fence  and 
telegraph  wires,  corrugated  iron  roofing,  nails 
and  spikes,  water  and  other  pipes,  boiler  flues, 
boiler  plates,  plates  for  iron  vessels,  bridge  wires, 
culinary  utensils,  in  fact  all  surfaces,  large  or 
small,  except  such  as  are  subject  to  abrasion,  can 
be  fully  protected,  and  without  injury  to  the 
material. 

Trinity  County  Mines  Sold  in  the  East. 

Several  of  the  leading  New  York  dailies 
notice  at  some  length  the  sale  of  the  Buckeye 
Gravel  Mines  recently  effected  through  our  to  wns- 
man,  Lloyd  Tevis,  to  parties  in  that  city.  What 
these  papers  have  to  say  about  the  reputed 
merits  of  this  property  seems  warranted  by  the 
favorable  reports  thereon  made  by  eminent  ex- 
perts and  practical  miners.  "What  the  metropo- 
litan press  has  to  say  in  commendation  of  Mr. 
Tevis  is  equally  warranted  by  his  history  and 
standing  in  this  community,  where,  throughout 
a  long  series  of  years,  he  has  been  conspicuous 
for  the  favorable  issue  of  his  many  bold  and 
varied  business  ventures.  If  in  any  of  these 
ventures  he  has  ever  lost  or  blundered  he  has 
been  wise  enough  to  keep  it  to  himself.  So 
lucky  has  Mr.  Tevis  been  in  all  his  undertak- 
ings, that  we  may  safely  predict  for  this  mining 
enterprise  the  best  results.  His  connection 
with  it  is  an  auspicious  circumstance,  if  not  a 
pledge,  of  its  ultimate  success  ;  and  these  New 
York  purchasers  are  to  be  congratulated  on 
having  secured  a  mining  property  so  inherently 
valuable  and  so  well  endorsed  as  this  Buckeye 
estate. 

At  the  solicitation  of  parties  here  the  Eastern 
investors  have  unanimously  recommended  for 
president  of  the  new  company  Mr.  E.  C. 
Machen,  who  will,  most  likely,  be  chosen  to 
fill  that  position.  Mr.  Machen  is  a  young  man 
of  good  business  capacity,  being  sharp,  wide 
awake  and  energetic,  but  careful  and  discreet 
at  the  same  time. 

The  new  company  having  ample  means  will 
proceed  at  once  to  put  their  mines,  amongst 
the  largest  in  the  State,  in  good  shape  for  active 
production.  Through  the  retention  of  Mr. 
Tevis  of  a  considerable  interest  in  the  property, 
a  vigorous  and  economical  management  coupled 
with  a  generally  able  administration  of  affairs 
on  this  side  may  be  counted  upon.  A  prosper- 
ous future  awaits  the  enterprise. 


'atentsand  Inventions. 


List  of  U.  S.  Patents  Issued  to  Pacific 
Coast  Inventors. 

[From  Official  Reports  to  DEWEY  &  CO.'S  Mining  and 
Scientific  Prbsb  Patent  Agency.] 

By  Special  Dispatch  from  Washington.  D.  C 

For  the  Week  Ending  June  17th,  1879. 

216,551.— Fifth  Whebl  for.Vbhicle— J.  A.  Bilz,  Pleas- 
antOTi,  Cal. 

216,603.— Centrifugal  Pump— E.  Chaquette,  S.  F. 

216.561.—  Smelting  Ores— H.  H.  Eamea,  S.  F. 

216,562.— Hydrocarbon  Vapor  Burner— H.  H.  Eames, 
San  Francisco, 

216,564.— Amalgamator— G.  R.  Evana,  S.  F. 

216,609.— Hotel  Waiter— L.  Garrigan,  S.  F. 

216,670.— Sewing  Machine— J.  J.  Graff,  S.  F. 

216,675.— Pipe  for  Irrigation— E.  M.  Hamilton,  L09 
Angelea,  Cal. 

8,758.— Fire  Escape  Ladder— D.  Hayes  and  W.  Free, 
S.  F.  (re-issue.) 

216,684.— Stalk  Cutter— J.  Kraft,  Downey,  Cal. 

216,686— Pneumatic  Dredging  Tube— W.  P.  Lewis, 
Oroville,  Cal. 

216.691.— Railway  Switch— H.  A.  Norton,  Ward  City, 
Nevada. 

Note.— Copies  of  U.  S.  and  Foreign  Patents  furnished 
by  Dewey  &  Co. ,  in  the  shortest  time  possible  (by  tel- 
graph  or  otherwise)  at  the  loweat  rates.  All  patent  busi- 
ness for  Pacific  coast  inventors  transacted  with  perfect 
security  and  in  the  shortest  possible  time. 


Every  new  subscriber  who  does  not  receive 
the  paper,  and  every  old  subscriber  not  credited 
on  the  label,  within  two  weeks  after  paying  for 
this  paper,  should  write  personally  to  the  pub- 
lishers without  delay,  to  secure  proper  credit. 
This  is  necessary  to  protect  ourselves  and  sub- 
scribers against  the  acts  and  mistakes  of  others. 

Frebh  attractions  are  constantly  added  to  Wood- 
ward's Gardens,  amoner  which  ia  Prof.  Gruber's  great 
educator,  the  Zoographicon.  Each  department  increases 
daily,  and  the  Paviliou  performances  are  more  popular 
than  ever.  All  new  novelties  find  a  place  at  this  wonder- 
ful resort.     Prices  remain  as  usuaL 


How  to  Stop  this  Paper.— It  is  not  a  herculean  task  to 
stop  this  paper.  Notify  the  publishers  by  letter.  If  it 
comes  beyond  the  time  desired  you  can  depend  upon  it  we 
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be  sure  and  send  us  notice  by  letter. 


Settlers  and  others  wishing-  good  farming  lands  for 
sure  crops,  are  referred  to  Mr.  Edward  Frisbie,  of  Ander. 
son,  ShaBta  County,  Cal.,  who  has  some  15,000  acres  for 
sale  in  the  Upper  Sacramento  valley.  His  advertisement 
appears  from  time  to  time  in  this  paper. 


News  in  Brief. 

One  foot  of  snow  fell  recen  tly  at  Silver  City, 
Idaho. 

A  commercial  expedition  to  Brazil  is  talked 
of  in  New  York. 

Another  Ministerial  crisis  is  imminent  in 
Constantinople, 

Bullion  in  the  Bank  of  England  increased 
£728, 000  the  past  week. 

Eighteen  persons  were  killed  and  60  wounded 
in  the  recent  riot  in  Sicily. 

A  Mrs.  A.  Holland,  on  a  wedding  tour,  was 
swept  over  Niagara  Falls. 

England  and  France  unite  in  demanding  the 
abdication  of  the  Khedive. 

The  water  in  Frazer  river  has  reached  a  night 
almost  unprecedented. 

The  Bank  of  Bengal  has  reduced  its  rate  of 
discount  from  7%  to  6%. 

Specie  increased  17,775,000  francs  the  past 
week  in  the  Bank  of  France. 

Prince  Pierre  Bonaparte  is  lying  at  the 
point  of  death  in  Versailles. 

Pietre,  ex-Chamberlain  of  Empress  Eugenie, 
has  been  elected  Senator  for  Corsica. 

It  is  announced  that  Tilden  will  run  for  the 
Governorship  of  New  York  this  fall. 

Specie  decreased  74,000  marks  in  the  Imperial 
Bank  of  Germany  the  past  week. 

The  Khedive  of  Egypt  declines  to  abdicate 
as  demanded  by  France  and  England. 

At  Tracey,  Minn.,  300  railroad  laborers  and 
tramps  are  making  riotous  demonstrations. 

Work  on  the  Cascades  lock  and  canal  in 
Oregon  has  been  suspended  for  six  months. 

John  Moore,  who  murdered  Miss  Woodward 
near  Wellford,  S.  C,  has  been  hanged  by  a  mob. 

The  British  steamer  Thessaly,  from  Havre  for 
Bombay,  has  been  wrecked  100  miles  from  Aden. 

France  will  send  three  cruisers  to  the  Pacific 
ocean,  to  protect  French  subjects  in  Chile  and 
Peru. 

John  Kemmler  killed  his  three  daughters 
aged  6,  4  and  1  year,  lately,  at  South  Holyoke, 
Mass. 

Louis  Napoleon,  Prince  Imperial  of  France, 
met  with  death  at  the  hands  of  the  Zulus  in 
South  Africa. 

The  Receiver's  office  at  Cherson,  Russia,  was 
recently  undermined  and  robbed  of  1,500,000 
roubles. 

The  93d  yearly  Directory  of  New  York  city 
shows  an  increase  of  population  for  the  year  of 
43,000. 

An  earthquake  in  Sicily,  Tuesday,  destroyed 
five  villages,  killing  10  persons  and  injuring 
several  others. 

The  oldest  printer  in  the  United  States — 
William  E.  Dean,  91  years — died  in  New  York, 
Monday  17th. 

A  dispatch  from  Havana  states  that  vessels 
are  being  cut  out  of  the  regular  Gulf  ports  by 
quarantine. 

General  Negrete  has  sent  a  message  of 
submission  to  the  Mexican  government,  asking 
for  clemency. 

The  insurrection  in  Algeria  continues,  and 
collisions  between  the  troops  and  insurgents 
have  occurred. 

A  State  convention  of  brewers,  saloon  keepers 
and  liquor  dealers  is  to  be  held  July  30th,  at 
Des  Moines,  Ia. 

It  is  reported  from  New  York  that  consider- 
able California  capital  is  flowing  into  that  city 
for  investment. 

The  recall  of  Mahraoud  Nedin  Pasha  has  been 
countermanded,  and  the  crisis  in  the  Turkish 
Ministry  has  ended. 

The  master  of  the  Spanish  brig  who  defied 
the  Custom-house  officials  at  Pensacola,  Fla., 
has  been  fined  $700. 

Gen.  Sherman  is  at  Orchard  Lake,  Mich., 
attending  the  commencement  exercises  of  the 
Michigan  Military  Academy. 

By  a  decision  of  Judge  Bellinger,  at  Portland, 
Or.,  no  more  Chinese  can  be  employed  on  the 
public  streets  of  that  city. 

The  ceremonies  of  relaying  the  corner-stone 
of  the  Washington  headquarters  took  place 
June  18th  at  Valley  Forge,  Pa. 

A  company  has  opened  an  office  in  New  York 
for  the  purpose  of  mining  in  Arizona,  dealing  in 
land,  etc.,  with  810,000,000  capital.  1 


Sample  Copieb. — Occasionally  we  send  copies  of  this 
paper  to  persons  who  we  believe  would  be  benefited  by 
subscribing  for  it,  or  willing-  to  assist  us  in  extending  its 
circulation.  We  call  the  attention  of  such  to  our  pros- 
pectus and  terms  of  subscription,  and  request  that  they 
circulate  the  copy  sent. 


Extra  Copies  can  usually  he  had  of  each  issue  of  this 
paper,  if  ordered  early.    Price,  10  cents,  postpaid. 

Phintbr's  Proof  Press,  complete  and  In  good  working 
order,  for  sale  at  this  office,  at  the  low  price  of  $30.    Call 

and  see  it.      ' 

Experimental  Machinery,  drawings,  patterns,  models, 
all  kinds  of  electrical  and  telegraphic  apparatus  to  order. 
See  ad.    F.  W.  Poller,  415  Market  St.,  second  floor,  S.  F. 

Chew  Jackson's  Best  Sweet  Navy  Tobacco 


METALS. 

[wholesale. 

Wednesday  m..  June  25, 1879. 

Iron.— 

American  Fig,  soft,  ton.... 23  00  @26  00 

Scotch  Pig,  ton 26  50  @26  50 

American  White  Pig,  ton ....23  00  @ 

Oregon  Pig,  ton 26  50  @ 

Refined  Bar 2$@       31 

Horse  Shoes,  keg 5  00  @ 

Nail  Rod —  (a      7 

Norway,  according  to  thickness 6j@       7 

Copper.— 

Sheathing,  lb 34  @     35 

Sheathing,  Yellow 19  @     20 

Sheathing,  Old  Yellow —  @- 

English  Cast,  ft> 16  &     17 

Black  Diamond,  ordinary  Bizes 16  @ 

Drill 16  @      17 

Flat  Bar 16  @     19 

Plow  Steel 8  @ 

Tin  Plates.— 

10x1410  Charcoal 8J@       9 

10x14  I  C  Coke 7  @       71 

BancaTin 18  @—  20 

Australian 15i@      17 

Zinc— 

By  the  Cask 9  (3 

Zinc,  Sheet  7x3  ft.  7  to  10,  ft),  less  than  cask. .        9j@—  10 

Nails.— 

Assorted  sizes 2  90@3  00 

Gold,    Legal    Tenders,    Exchange,   Etc. 

[Corrected  Weekly  by  Sutro  &  Co.] 

San  Franoisoo,  June  25,  3  p.  m. 
Silver,  374@12J. 

Gold  Baas,  890@910.    Silver  Bars,  8@19  #  cent,  dis- 
count. 
Exchange  on    New  York,  20,  on  London  bankers,  49i@ 
IJ.    Commercial,  50;  Paris,    five  francs   $  dollar:  Mexican 
dollars,  92@95J. 
London  Consols,  97  3-16;  Bonds  (4%).  1041- 
QmcKsn-VK  h  In  S.  F. .  by  the  flask.  ~pi  lb.  33Jc. 


pijiijig  apd  Other  Cojnpapie?. 


Persons  interested  in  incorporated  shares 
will  do  well  to  recommend  the  publication 
of  the  official  notices  of  their  companies 
in  this  paper,  as  the  cheapest  appropriate 
medium  for  the  same. 


Numa  Mining  Company. — Principal  Place 

of  business,  San  Francisco,  California.    Location  of  works, 

Humboldt  County,  Nevada. 

Notice  is  hereby  given  that  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Directors,  held  on  the  13th  day  of  June,  1879,  an  assessment 
(No.  1)  of  Three  Cents  per  share  was  levied  upon  the  capital 
stock  of  the  corporation,  payable  immediately  in  United 
States  gold  and  silver  coin,  to  the  Secretary,  at  tfhe  office  of 
the  Company,  No.  328  Montgomery  St.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Any  stock  upon  which  this  assessment  shall  remain  unpaid 
on  the  21st  day  of  July,  1879,  will  be  delinquent,  and  adver- 
tised for  sale  at  public  auction,  and  unless  payment  is  made 
before,  will  be  sold  on  Monday,  the  11th  day  of  August,  1879, 
to  pay  the  delinquent  assessment,  together  with  costs  of  ad- 
vertising and  expenses  of  sale. 

DAVID  WILDER,  Secretary. 

Office,  328  Montgomery  St.,  Room  21,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


Books  for  Miners  and   Millmen. 


Kustel's  Roasting  of  Gold  and  Silver  Ores,  and 
the  extraction  of  their  respective  metals  without  quicksilver. 
Illustrated.  142  pages.  1870.  A  valuable  and  carefully 
written  work.  Postpaid,  §2.50.  Published  and  sold  by 
Dewey  &  Co.,  S.  F. 

Kustel's  Concentration  of  Ores  {of  all  kinds),  Inclu- 
ding the  Chlorination  Process  for  gold-bearing  sulphureta, 
aroeniurets,  and  gold  and  silver  ores  generally,  with  1U0  litho- 
graphic diagrams.  1867.  This  work  iB  uneqnaled  by  any 
other  published  embracing  the  subjects  treated.  Post-paid, 
$7.50.    Printed  and  sold  by  Dewey  &  Co.,  S.  F. 

Phillips'  Explorers,  Miners  and  Metallurgists 
Companion,  comprising  a  practical  exposition  of  the  various 
departments  of  exploration,  mining,  engineering,  assaying 
and  metallurgy.  £72  pages  and  83  illustrations.  A  most 
valuable  and  comprehensive  book  of  reference  to  prospectors 
and  practical  miners.  Post-paid,  $10  50  Sold  by  Dewey 
&  Co.,  S.  F. 

A*ron's  Testing  and  Working  Silver  Ores.—  Illus- 
trated. 114  pages.  1876.  A  useful  and  practical  work,  free 
from  technicalities  and  extremely  serviceable  for  miners'  use^ 
Post-paid,  $2.    Published  and  sold  by  Dewey  &  Co.,  S.  P. 

Copp's  Handbook  of  Mining  Laws.— Containing  the 
U.  8.  Mining  Laws,  Digest  of  Decisions,  Forms,  etc.  1877. 
Pocket  size  and  very  handy  and  convenient  for  miners. 
Post-paid,  $1.    Sold  by  Dewey  b  Co.,  S.  F. 


This  paper  Is  printed  with  Ink  furnished  by 
Chas.  Eneu  Johnson  &  Co.,  609  South  10th 
St.,  Philadelphia  &  69  Gold  St.,  N.  Y. 


I.  $.  H  ALU  DIE, 

Olice,  No.  6  CaJjfupUrfstreetj 


in  aU  Undtpf 

Wire  Rope, 

flat  and  Round,  for  MininzJ}hippingt 
Hoisting  and  Ggmgntytrposes. 

Having  tWmo&t  (AB^ete  JmtT  exienilTI 
Wim<£8to  Vtfcrla  id  Un*Bnited  State*.  I  an 
pap&OTOmmaMtira  WimSope and  CWUai 

of  an^lsnglB  or  sira  at  ihort  notice,  and  gnu. 
mtea  tho  anility  md  -workmanship  egna],  tf 
ray  msda  at  hams  or  »Drn*<fc— >v 

Iron,  Sfeel~u^G^va)ized  Wire 

Of  ■"&<>*  B\hab\or«aJ9  to  orftr. 

BarbjechTence  Wire. 

Bole  Propi 

HalMe^ 

tb< 
aTSen  Avr  aX&cnlar. 

A.  S.  HAIXIDJJS. 

Qffica,  Ha  6  California  St,  Ban  ss-nnt— ^ 


W.   T.   GARRATT'S 

BRASS  and  BELL  FOUNDRY 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 

MANUFACTURER  AND  IMPORTER  OF 

Church  and  Steamboat  BELLS  and  GONGS 
BRASS  CASTINGS  of  all  kinds, 
WATER  GATES,  GAS  GATES, 
FIRE  HYDRANTS, 

DOCK  HYDRANTS, 

GARDEN  HYDRANTS 

General  Assortment   of   Engineers'  Findings. 

Hooker's    Patent 
Celebrated 

STEAM  PUMP 

dSTThc  Best  and  Most 
Durable  in  use.  Also, 
a  variety  of  other 

PUMPS 

For  Mining  and  Farm- 
ing Purposes. 

ROOT'S  BLAST  BLOWERS, 

For  Ventilating  Mines  and  for  Smelting  Workfl. 

HYDRAULIC    PIPES    AND    NOZZLES, 

For  Mining  Purposes. 

Garratt's    Improved    Journal    Metal. 

IMPORTER   OF 

IRON  PIPE  AND  MALLEABLE    IRON    FITTINGS. 

ALL  KINDS  OP 

WORK  AND  COMPOSITION  NAILS, 

AT  LOWEST  RATES. 

W.    BRUCKNER, 
Mining    Engineer, 

Will  Contract  for  the  erection  of 

MILLS,    ROASTING    FURNACES,     SMELTING     FUR- 
NACES, AMALGAMATING  WORKS, 
—  ALSO  — 

LEACHING  WORKS, 

With,  all  the  Latest  Improvements.  Address 

STATE  ASSAY  OFFICE, 

Safe  Deposit  Building,  Room  16,  San  Francisco. 


BLANK  BOOKS 

— AND— 

MEMORANDUMS 

From  the  celebrated  J.  G.  Shaw  Manufacturing  Co. 
Made  from  the  unequalled  Brown's  Lkdger 
Papers,  and  unsurpassed  in  Style  op  Bindinq. 

H.  S.  CROCKER  &  CO. 


The  Greatest  Invention  of  the  Age! 

MACKINNON   PEN. 

THE     NEW    WRITING    INSTRUMENT. 
24  Geary  St.,  San  Francisco. 


A  RARE  BUSINESS  CHANCE. 

$250  will  buy  the  Right  for  the  whole  Pacific  Territo- 
ries for  the  BUCKEYE  CLOTHES-LINE  FASTENER 
(iU9t  patented.)    Large  profits  to  manufacturer. 

Address    JOHN  A.  WORLEY,  Cleveland,  O 


June  28,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


421 


Dewey  &  co. 

SCIENTIFIC  PRESS 

PATENT  AGENCY. 

[ESTABLISHED    1860] 

Inventors  on  the  Pacific  CoMt  will  fiud  it  greatly  to  their  advantage  to  consult  this  old, 
experienced,  first-class  Agency.  We  have  able  and  trustworthy  associates  and  agents  in  Wash- 
ington and  the  capital  cities  of  the  principal  nations  of  the  world.  In  connection  with  our 
editorial,  scientific  and  Patent  Law  Library,  aud  record  of  original  casea  in  our  office,  we  have 
other  advantages  far  beyond  those  which  can  be  offered  home  inventors  by  other  Agencies.  Circu- 
lars of  advice  sent  free  on  receipt  of  postage.     Address  DEWEY  A  CO.,  202  Sansonio  St.,  S.  V. 

A.    T.    DEWEY.  W.    „.    EWEK. 


GEO.    H.     STRONG. 


GrgpH 

£3         l 

Ik 

5*| 

VULCAN  BLASTING  POWDER. 

The_Strongest,  Safest.  Most  Uniform  and  Reliable  "HIGH 
EXPLOSIVE"  Manufactured  on  the  Coast. 

MINERS  TESTIFY  THAT  IT  IS    FREE    FROM   OBJECTIONABLE    FUMES. 

We  call  tho  attention  of  all  desirinc  nuch  a  Powder  to  our  various  grades,  which 
wcaro  prepaicd  to  tell  at  LOWEST  RATES. 

Wn      1    Equalling'  Liquid  Nitro-Glycerine  in  Strength.     We   recommend  this 

i*Ui     l  ■        Grade  in  extremely  hard  rock,  boulders,  iron,  etc. 

Un     O  Will  do  the  work  thoroughly   in  all  but    the    hardest    kinds    of 

11 U.    £-.         f^k 

Ma      Q  For    bench   work,   plpc-clay,    soft  and   shelly    rock,   outside     work 

SiDgle  and  Triple   Force  Caps.   Fuse  of  all  Grades,  Vulcan 

Powder  Thawing  Boxes,  Batteries  and  Exploders, 

For  Sale  at  the  Lowest  Rates. 

VULCAN    POWDER    COMPANY, 

Office,  123  California  Street,  Rooms  25  and  20,       -      -      SAN    FRANCISCO,  CAL 


PATENT 


Prevents  Lead  Poisoning 
and  Salivation. 


INVALUABLE  to  those  engaged  in  Dry  Crushing 
Quartz  Mills,  Quicksilver  Mines,  Guano 
Works,  White  Lead  Corrodins?,  Feeding- 
Threshing  Machines  and  all  occupations  where  the 
surrounding  atmosphere  is  filled  with  dust,  obnoxious 
smells  or  poisonous  vapors.  Tho  Respirators  are  sold 
subject  to  approval  after  trial,  and  if  not  satisfactory  the 
price  will  b«  refunded.  Price  $3  each,  or  $30  per 
dozen.    Sent  post-paid  to  any  address  upon  receipt  of  price 

SETH  MARSHALL,  Jr.,  Agent, 

309  California  Street.   San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Send  for  Descriptive  Circulars  containing  testimonials 
of  well-known  parties  who  are  at  present  using  them. 


THE    SLKHTS 

"BOSS"  GOLD  AMALGAMATOR, 

Is    the   Best,   Simplest   and    Cheapest 
Amalgamator  in  Use. 

Nothing  about  it  to  get  out  of  order  or  wear  out.  Weighs  only 
500  lbs— heaviest  piece  weighs  ICO  lbs.  Is  automatic  in  its  working. 
Measures,  feeds,  Bcreens  and  passes  all  materia]  through  a  large  body  of 
quicksilver;  then  washes  and  cleans  without  care  orattention.  Requires 
no  more  power  than  a  large  Grindstone  Uses  water  over  and  over 
again  where  water  is  scarce.  All  water  required  can  pass  through  a 
3-inch  pipe.  Capacity,  two  to  four  tons  per  hour.  Saves  90%  of 
precious  metals.     Trice,  S250.     Pump  §25  extra.     Send  for  circula-. 

ELKINS   &    LYNCH, 


No.  381  Pine  Street, 


SAN   FRANCISCO. 


ST.    DAVID'S. 

A     FIRST-CLASS     LODGING      HOUSE. 

CONTAINS  113  ROOMS. 

715  Howard  St,  near  Third,  San  Francisco. 

This  House  in  especially  designed  as  a  comfortable  home  for 

gentlemen  and  ladles  visiting  the  city  from  the  interior.  No 
ark  rooms.  Gas  and  running  water  in  each  room.  The  floors 
are  covered  with  body  Brussels  carpet,  and  all  of  the  furniture 
is  made  of  solid  black  walnut.  Each  bed  has  a  spring  mat- 
tress, with  an  additional  hair  top  mattress,  making  them  the 
most  luxurious  and  healthy  beds  in  the  world.  Ladies  wish- 
ing to  cook  for  themselves  or  families,  are  allowed  the  tree 
use  of  a  large  public  kitchen  aud  dining  room,  with  dishes. 
Servants  wash  the  dishes  and  keep  up  a  constant  fire  from  6 
A.  M.  to  7  P.  M.  Hot  and  cold  baths,  a  large  parlor  and  read- 
ing room,  containing  a  Grand  Piano— all  free  to  gue?ts.  Price 
single  rooms  per  night,  50  cts,;  per  week,  from  $2.50  upwards 

R.  HUGHES,  Proprietor. 
At  Market  Street  Ferry,  take  Omnibus  line  of  street  cars 
to  comer  Third  and  Howard. 


CAUTION ! 
To  Section  Chimney  Builders. 

AH  chimneys  on  which  joint  hands  with  cement,  or  its 
equivalent,  are  used  to  make  the  joint  smoke  and  fire-proof, 
with  rods,  clamps,  or  their  substitutes,  to  brace  the  chimneys 
t  o  the  buildings,  are  INFRINGEMENTS  on  my  patents. 
My  patents  for  sectional  chimneys  have  been  sustained  in 
o   very  nstance. 

J.  BEOWELL, 
Pioneer  Chimney  Builder, 
442  Jackson  St.,  S.  F„  and  1200  Broadway,  Oakland 


N.    W.    SPAULDING-'S 


PATENT   DETACHABLE  TOOTH    SAWS, 

Manfuactory,  17  &  19  Fremont  St!,  S.  F. 


PRICES-REDUCtD/SEttDXOK.  NEW  CATALOGUE...  J 

CLAYTON  STEAM  PUMP  WORKSI 

14- AND  ie  WATER-STREET,  BROOKLVN,  N.  Y. 


' 


4    ►         €3fcI^lL'IV.n! 


& 


MANUFACTURED  UNDER  A    NOBEL'S  ORIGINAL  AND  ONLY  VALID   NITRO  GLYCERINE  PATENTS 

Nos.  ONE,    TWO    and    THREE. 
Stronger.   Better  and  Safer  than  any  other  High  Explosive. 


Judson    Powder 

IS  NOW  USED  IN  ALL  LARGE  HYDRAULIC  CLAIMS. 
It  breaks  more  ground,   pulverizes  It  better,   saves  time  and  money,  and   is    superseding    tho    ordinary 
powder  wherever  it  la  tried.     £3TTriplu  Force  Caps  and  all  Grades  of  Fuse. 

BANDMANN,  NIELSEN    &   CO., 

SAN    FRANCISCO,    CAL. 


btjlijOOk:    &c    c:r,:e:£ts:h:aw, 

528  Arch  Street,  Philadelphia. 

Manufacturers  and  Importers   ol 

Chemicals  and  Chemical  Apparatus, 

Suitable  for  Analytical,  Technical  and  Experimental  Use.   ^^Descriptive  Priced  Catalogues  furnished  on  application. 


Pioneer  Plating  "VS^orks. 

MANTJFACTOBY    OP 

Silver  Plated  Amalgamating  Plates, 

For  Quartz  Mills  and  Gravel  Claims.     Are  prepared  to  furnish  any  size  Plate  promptly  and  satisfaction  guaranteed. 

Old  Copper  Plates  purchased,  Plated  or  the  Gold  Extracted  by  the  most  complete  process, 

at   small    cost,    and   the   copper  saved. 

JOHN   MORRISON,   Proprietor. 

No.   717  Mission  Street,  near  Third,      -----      SAN   FRANCISCO.    CAL. 


Testimonials  as  to  the  perfect 
working  of  the  Concentrator  to  he 
seen  at  the  office. 


The  FRUE  ORE  CONCENTRATOR. 

Adams  &  Carter,  Agents. 

JOHN    M.    ADAMS.  WM.     F.    CARTER 

MINING  AND  MECHANICAL  ENGINEERS. 

Room  7,  No.  109  California  St.,  San  Francisco.    P.  O.  Box  2,06 


BOESCH'S    PATENT 

Hydraulic,  Mining  and  Locomotive  Head 
Lights.    The  Best  and  Cheapest. 

Reflector    Factory, 

SAN  FRANCISCO. 


Pacific    Lamp    and 

569  MISSION  ST., 


Chamberlain,  .la. 


Taos.  A.  Robinson. 


ARTESIAN 

AND 

SURFACE 

Well-Boring 

TOOLS. 

Manufactured  by  tbo 

Rust  Well  Auger 

COMPANY, 
OF   MACON,    MO. 

AUGERS  and  DRILLS  from  best  wrought 
I  iron  and  steel.     Shafting'  is  2-inch  gas  pipe. 
Couplings  are  round  plugs  fitted  inside  the 
I  pipe.    Drills  fitted  for  rope  or  pole.    All 
toois  warranted,  and   sold  for  less  money 
than  can  be  got  elsewhere. 
Send  for  Circular.  O.    RUST,  Macon,  Mo 

A     CARD. 

To    Parties    Interested    in    Mining 
and  Milling. 

Call  at  J.  HENDY'S,  N.  E.  corner  of  Mission  and 
Fremont  Streets,  San  Francisco,  and  examine  COLEMAN'S 
PATENT  SLUICE.  It  will  save  both  float  and  flour  Gold. 
The  best  system  yet  devised.  No  power  required  to  work 
it.  Examine  it  and  judge  for  yourselves  before  purchas- 
n?  elsewhere. 


PAUL'S    AMERICANIZED    ARASTRA. 

"Is  working  splendidly  and  giving  complete  satisfaction," 
so  say  those  who  are  using  it.  This  is  a  perfect  Amalgama- 
tor and  Pulverizer.  It  combines  all  the  virtues  of  the  Mexi- 
can Arastra,  with  every  modern  device  to  make  it  thoroughly 
efficient,  expeditious  and  practical.  It  will  do  more  work 
and  do  it  better  than  any  mining  machinery  for  double  the 
cost  Call  and  see  it,  or  send  for  circulars  to  ALMAKIM  U. 
PAUL,  room  20,  Safe  Deposit  Building,  San  Francisco. 


422 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[June  28,   1879. 


Ifop  ajid  imachipe  W$. 


THOS.  PENDEKGAST. 


HENRY  S.  SMITH. 


MTNA   IRON    WORKS, 

MANTTPACTTJBBBB   OF 

IRON  CASTINGS 

and      MACHINERY 

OF  ALL  KINDS. 

Fremont  Street,  Bet.  Howard  and  Folsom, 

SAN    FRANCISCO. 


SACRAMENTO  BOILER   WORKS, 

214  &  216  BE  ALE  St.,  (rear  of  JEtna  Foundry) 

J.  V.  HALL, 

PRACTICAL    BOILER    MAKER, 

Marine,  Stationary  and  Portable  Boilers,  Smoke  Stacks, 

Hydraulic  Pipe,   Oil  or  Water  Tanks,    Ore  and 

Water  Buckets,  Gasometers,  Girders,  Bridges 

and   Iron    Ship   Building. 

ALL    KINDS    OF   SHEET    IRON    WORK. 

Repairing   promptly   attended   to    at   the 
lowest    possible   terms. 


UNION  IRON  WORKS, 

SACRAMENTO,    CAL. 
ROOT,    NEILSON    &    CO., 

MANUFACTURERS  OF 

STEAM    ENGINES,  BOILERS   AND    ALL 

Kinds  of  Machinery  for  Mining  Purposes. 

Flouring  Mills',  Saw  Mills'  and  Quartz  Mills'  Machinery 

constructed,  fitted  up  and  repaired. 

Front  Street,  Between  N  and  O  Streets, 

8ACRAMBNT0,     CAL, 


PHELPS 
MANUFACTURING    COMPANY, 

Manufacturers  of  all  kinds  of 

Wharf  and  Bridge  Bolts,   Bailroad  Trestle 

Work,   Car  Frames  and  Bolts,  Machine 

Bolts,   Set  Screws    and   Tap  Bolts, 

Lag    or    Coach    Screws. 

ALL  STYLES   OF  FANCY  HEAD  BOLTS. 

HOT  AND  COLD  PRESSED  HEXAGONAL  AND 

SQUARE  NUTS,  WASHERS,  BOLT  ENDS, 

TURNEUCKLES,  ETC.,  ETC. 

13, 15  and  17  Drumm  St.,  near  California, 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 


Golden  State  &  Miners  Iron  Works, 

Manufacture  Iron  Castings  and  Machinery 
of  all  Kinds  at  Greatly  Reduced  Rates. 

STEVENSON'S  PATENT 

Mold-Board  AMALGAMATORS, 
Golden  State  Pressure  Blowers. 

First  St.,  between  Howard  &  Folsom,  S.  F. 


Wm.  H.  Birch.  John  Argai,l. 

California    Machine   Works, 
BIRCH,    ARGALL    &    CO., 

119  Beale  Street,  San  Francisco. 

jJSTGeneral  Mechanical  Engineers  and  Machinists. 
Steam  Engines,  Flour,  Quartz  and  Mining  Machinery. 
Sole  manufacturers  of  Brodie's  Patent  Rock  Crushers  and 
Steel-Faced  Tappits.  Steam,  Hydraulic  and  Sidewalk 
Elevators.    Repairing  promptly  attended  to. 


California    Brass    Foundry, 

No,  125  First  Street,  Opposite  Minna. 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 

All  kinds  of  Brass,  Composition,  Zinc,  and  Babbitt 
Metal  Castings,  Brass  Ship  Work  of  all  kinds,  Spikes, 
sheathing  Nails,  Rudder  Braces,  Hinges,  Ship  and  Steam- 
boat Bells  and  Gongs  of  superior  tone.  All  kinds  of  Cocks 
and  Valves,  Hydraulic  Pipes  and  Nozzles^  and  Hose  Coup- 
lings and  Connections  of  all  sizes  and  patterns,  furnished 
with  dispatch.  ^PRICES  MODERATE.*^ 

J.  H.  WEED.  V.  KINGWELL. 


STEAM  ENGINES  AND  BOILERS 

Of  all  sizes — from  2  to  60-Horse  power.  Also,  Quartz 
Mills,  Mining  Pumps,  Hoisting  Machinery,  Shafting,  Iron 
Tanks,  etc.    For  sale  at  the  lowest  prices  by 

J.    HENDY,  49  and  61  Fremont  Street,  S.  F. 


THOMAS  THOMPSON. 


TUOKNTON  TDOMPSON. 


THOMPSON    BROTHERS, 

EUREKA    FOUNDRY, 

129  and  131  Beale  St.,  between  Mission  and  Howard,  S.  F 

MAXUXACTURKRH  OF  CASTINGS  OK  EVERY  DESCRIPTION. 


WIND  MILL. 


One  of  the  best  made  in  this  State 
for  sale  cheap  on  easy  terms.    Ad- 
dress, W.  T.  care  of  Dowoy  &  Co.,  S.  F. 


GEORGE  W.  PRESCOTT. 


IRVING  M.  SCOTT. 


H.  T.  SCOTT. 


Union    |ron   Works. 

Office,  61  First  St.  |  Cor.  First  &  Mission  Sts.,  S.  F.  |  p.   0.   Box,  2128. 

BUILDERS    OF 

Steam,    Air   and    Hydraulic    Machinery. 

Home  Industry.— All  Work  Tested  and  Guaranteed. 

Vertical  Engines, 
Horizontal  Engines, 
Automatic  Cct-off  Engines, 
Compound  Condensing  Engines, 
Shafting, 

TRY    OUR    MAKE,  CHEAPEST   AND    BEST    IN    USE. 
Send  for  Late  Circulars.  PRESCOTT,  SCOTT  &  CO. 


Baby  Hoists, 

Stamps, 

Ventilating  Fans, 

Pans, 

Rock  Breakers, 

Settlers, 

Self-feeders, 

Ketorts, 

Pulleys, 

Etc.,  Etc. 

TV^illiam     Hawkins, 

(SUCCESSOR  TO  HAWKINS  &  CANTBBLL). 

MAOHI1TB    WOBZS, 

210  and  212  Beale  Street,  bet.  Howard  and  Folsom  Sts.,    -    -    San  Francisco. 

Manufacturer    of 

IMPROVED  PORTABLE  HOISTING  ENGINES, 

FOR   MINING   AND    OTHER    PURPOSES. 

Also  of  the    HAWKINS'    PATENT    ELEVATOR    HOIST,    for   Hotels,    Warehouses 
and    Public  Buildings. 

Steam  Engines  and  all  Kinds  of  Mill  and  Mining  Machinery. 


Pacific  Rolling  Mill  Co., 

SAN    FRANCISCO,    CAL. 

MANUFACTURERS   OF 

RAILROAD  AND    MERCHANT  IRON, 

ROLLED  BEAMS,  ANGLE,  CHANNEL  AND  T  IRON,  BRIDGE  AND  MACHINE  BOLTS,  LAG  SCREWS,  NUTS 
WASHERS,  ETC.,  STEAMBOAT   SHAFTS,  CRANKS,  PISTONS,  CONNECTING   RODS,  ETC.,  ETC. 

Car  and  Locomotive  Axles  and  Frames,  and  Hammered  Iron  of  Every  Description. 

HIGHEST    PRICE    PAID    FOR    SCRAP    IRON. 

ts-  Orders  Solicited  and  Promptly  Executed.  Office,  No.  16  FIRST  STREET. 


Fulton    Iron    TV^orks. 

Hinckley,  Spiers  &  Hayes. 

(ESTABLISHED    IN    1855.) 

Works,  Fremont  and  Howard  Sts.  |  San  Francisco,  Cal.  |  Office,  No.  213  Fremont  St. 

MANUFACTURERS . OF 

Marine  Engines  and   Boilers, 

Propeller  Engines  either  High  Pressure  or  Com- 
pound Stern  or  Side  Wheel  Engines. 

Mining  Machinery. 

Hoisting  Engines  and  Works,  Cages,  Ore  BucketB,  Ore 
Cars,  Pumping  Engines  and  Pumps,  Water  Buckets, 
Pump  Columns,  Air  Compressors,  Air  Receivers, 
Air   Pipes. 

Mill  Machinery. 

Batteries  for  Dry  or    Wet  Crushing,    Amalgamating 


Pans,  Settlers,  Furnaces,  Retorts,  Concentrators,  Ore 
Feeders,  Rock  Breakers,  Furnaces  for  Reducing  Ores 
Water  Jackets,  Etc. 


Sugar  Machinery. 


Crushing  Rolls,  Clarifiers,  Vacuum  Pans,  Air  Pumps, 
Concentrators,  Bag  Filters,  Charcoal  Filters,  Blow-up 
Tanks,  Coolers  and  Receiving  Tanks. 


Miscellaneous  Machinery. 


Flour  Mill  Machinery,  Saw  Mill  Engines  and  Boilers, 
Dredging  Machinery,  Oil  Well  Retorts,  Powder  Mill  Ma- 
chinery, Water  Wheels. 

PnninAC    and     Rnil&PO   of  all  kinds,  either  for  use  on  Steamboats  and  made  in  accordance  with  the 
UliyillCo    allU     UUHCl  O  Act  of  Congress  regulating  the  same,  or  for  use  on  land.  Water  Pipe,  Pump 
or  Air  Column,  Fish  Tanks  for  Salmon  Canneries  of  every  description. 
Boiler  repairs  promptly  attended  to  and  at  very  moderate  rates. 


PACIFIC    IRON    WORKS, 

First  and  Fremont  Streets,  between  Mission  and  Howard,  San  Francisco,  Cal., 
RANKIN,    BRAYTOX    &    CO., 

Manufacturers    of 

ENGINES,  BOILERS,   MARINE   AND    STATIONARY.      PUMPING,   HOISTING,  AND   MINING   MACHINERY 

INCLUDING  BATTERIES,  AMALGAMATING  PANS  AND  SETTLERS,  CONCENTRATORS,  ORE  FEEDERS, 

CRUSHING  ROLLS  AND  ROCK  BREAKERT.    ALSO,  WATER  JACKET  SMELTING  FURNACES, 

FOR  REDUCING  LEAD,  SILVER   AND    COPPER   ORES,  QUICKSILVER   FURNACES, 

RETORTS  AND  CONDENSERS,  ROASTING  AND  CHLORIDIZLNG  FURNACES, 

SUGAR   MILL   MACHINER  i ,  WATER   WHEELS,  Etc,  ALL   OF   THE 

LATEST  AND  MOST  IMPROVED  CONSTRUCTION. 

Agents  for  the  Allen  Engine  Governor,  Bailey  Air  Compressor,  Howell's 
Improved  White  Furnaces,  "Walker's  Compound  Steam  Pumps,  Etc. 


"Western  Iron  Tfi7"orl£.s, 

316     and     318     Mission     Street,     San     Francisco, 

PERRY  EDWARDS,  Prop'r. 

Manufacturer  of  Wrought  Iron  Girders,  Trusses,   Prison  Cells,  Iron  Roofs,  Crest 
Railings,  Finials,  Fences,  Weathervanes,  Gratings,  Iron  Work  for  Models,  Etc. 

Nickel  Plated  Railiugs.        Bank  and  Store  Fittings.       Estimates  given  and  Iron  Work  furnished  for  Buildings. 

Dewey  &  Co.  U^m} Patent  Ag'ts.  I     Engraving  done  at  this  office. 


Corner  Beale  and  Howard  Sts., 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL. 

W.  H.  TAYLOR,  Pres't.  JOSEPH  MOORE,  Sup't. 

Builders  of  Steam  Machinery 

In  all  its.  Branches, 

Steamboat,  Steamship,  Land 

Engines  and  Boilers, 

HIGH  PRESSURE  OR  COMPOUND. 

STEAM  VESSELS,  of  all  kinds,  huilt  complete  with 
Hulls  of  Wood,  Iron  or  Composite. 

ORDINARY  ENGINES  compounded  when  ad- 
visable. 

STEAM  LAUNCHES,  Barges  and  Steam  Tugs  con- 
structed with  reference  to  the  Trade  in  which  they  are 
to  be  employed.  Speed,  tonnage  and  draft  of  water 
guaranteed. 

STEAM  BOILERS.  Particular  attention  given  to 
the  quality  of  the  material  and  workmanship,  and  none 
but  first-class  work  produced. 

SUGAR  MILLS  AND  SUGAR-MAKING 
MACHINERY  made  after  the  most  approved  plans. 
Also,  all  Boiler  Iron  Work  connected  therewith. 

WATER  PIPE,  of  Boiler  or  Sheet  Iron,  of  any  size 
made  in  suitable  lengths  for  connecting  together, 
sheets  rolled,  punched,  and  packed  for  shipment  ready 
to  be  riveted  on  the  ground, 

HYDRAULIC  RIVETING.  Boiler  Work  and 
Water  Pipe  made  by  this  establishment,  riveted  by 
Hydraulic  Riveting  Machinery,  that  quality  of  work 
being  far  superior  to  hand  work. 

SHIP  "WORK.  Ship  and  Steam  Capstains,  Steam 
Winches,  Air  and  Circulating  Pumps,  made  after  the 
most  approved  plans. 

PUMPS.  Direct  Acting  Pumps,  for  Irrigation  or  City 
Water  Works  purposes,  built  with  the  celebrated  Davy 
Valve  Motion,  superior  to  any  other  Pump. 


OAST    AND    FORGED 

STEEL   SHOES  ,    «,„„ 

and   DIES, 

CAMS    AND    TAPPETS, 

Blake  and  other  Ore  Crushing  Plates,  Etc , 
for  Quartz  Mills.    Also 

Steel    Cranks   and   Castings 

Of  every  description.     For  Circulars  and  prices  apply  to 

J.    L.    HULL, 

401    Market    Street,   San    Francisco. 


San   Francisco   Pioneer   Screen   Works 

J.  W.  QUICK,  Manufacturer, 

Several  first  premiums  received 
for  Quartz  Mill  Screens,  and  Per- 
forated Sheet  Metals  of  every 
description.  I  would  call  special 
attention  to  my  SLOT  CUT  and 
SLOT  PUNCHED  SCREENS, 
which  are  attracting  much  at- 
tention and  giving  universal 
satisfaction.  This  is  the  only 
establishment  on  the  coast  de- 
voted exclusively  to  the  manufac- 
ture of  ScreenB.  Mill  owners  using  ,  Battery  Screens  exten- 
sively can  contract  for  large  supplies  at  favorable  rates. 
Orders  solicited  and  promptly  attended  to. 

32  Fremont  Street.  San  Francisco. 


Hi 


Main    Street    Iron    Works, 

WM.    DEACON,    PROPRIETOR. 

Nos.  131, 133  &  135  Main  St.,  San  Francisco. 

Stationary  and  Marine  Engines, 

Shafting,  Pulleys,  and  General  Machine  Work.  Jobbing 
and  repairing  done  Promptly  and  at  Lowest  Rates. 
Screw  Propellors,  Propellor  and  Steamboat  Engines. 

SAW  MILLS  and  SAW  MILL  MACHINERY. 


BROWN'S 
Ledger  Papers. 

Acknowledged  to  be  the  best  Papers  for  Blank  Buoks. 
"Will  resist  tilt-  SEVEREST  TEST  ot  erasure  and  rewriting. 
Received  the  HIGHEST  AWARD  over  ALL  OTHERS 
from  the  United  states  Centennial  Commission. 
Have  your  Blank  Books  made  from  them,  and  no  oilier. 

H.  S.  CROCKER  &  CO.,  Sole  Agents. 


GOLD    MINE    WANTED. 

One  now  paying  more  than  expenses.    Addres 

W.    S.    KBYBS,    M.    E., 
No.  310  Pine  St.,  Boom  42,  San  Francisco 


i  OB 

Nepts  1 


OBTAINED  IN   U.  S.    AND    FOREIGN 

COUNTRIES;  trademarks,  labels  and  copy- 

jhts  registered  through  DEWEY  &  CO.  '8 

_ININO    AND    SCIENTIFIC     PBEHS   Patent 

Agency,  San  Francisco.  Send  for  free  circular 


June  28,  1879.] 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC     PRESS. 


423 


Mining  Machinery  Depot, 

PARK.B  cfe 

No.  417  Market  Street,  San  Francisco. 


With  Adlustable  Cut-off  Poppet  Valve  Engine,  and  Forced  Iron  Crank  Shafts. 


NO.    7    IMPROVED 

AIR    COMPRESSOR. 

SPECIAL    ADVANTAGES. 

Absolute  certainty  in  tho  action  of  the  valves  at  any  speed.  Perfect  delivery  of  the  air  at  any 
speed  or  pressure.  The  heating  of  the  air  entirely  prevented  at  any  pressure.  Takes  luss  vatir  to 
cool  the  air  than  any  other  Compressor. 

Power  applied  to  tho  best  advantage.  Access  obtainable  to  all  the  valves  by  removing  air  chest 
covers.  Kntire  absence  of  springs  or  friction  to  open  or  shut  the  valves.  No  valve  stems  to  break 
and  drop  inside  of  cylinders. 

Have  no  back  or  front  beads  to  break.  The  only  Machine  that  makes  a  perfect  diagram.  No 
expensive  foundations  required.     Absolute  economy  in  tirst  cost  and  after  working. 

Displacements  in  air  cylinder  perfect.  Showing  less  leakage  and  friction  than  our  competitor* 
and  a  superior  economy  of  about  20  per  cent. 

Small  Sizes  made  in  Sections  not  to  Exceed  300  lbs. 


Union  Brass  Foundry  ul  Mechanical  Work  % 


GIOYAMINI  &   CO., 

417  and  419  Mission  Street,    -    -    SAN  FRANCISCO. 


The  attention  of  mir  customers  and  especially  of  thone  Interested  in 
Water  Works,  Gas  Works  or  Mines  is  respectfully  called  to  our  very  im- 
portant improvement  in  the  construction  of  Stop  Valves  (or  Gates).  They 
(lifter  from  all  others  in  that  the  inner  faces  are  perfectly  parallel,  there- 
fore when  the  Gate  or  Valve  is  to  be  opened,  at  the  drat  movement  of  the 
screw  the  center  block  (see  cut)  releases  the  disks  from  their  bearings,  so 
that  they  will  move  easily  and  prevent  the  wealing  of  the  inner  faces. 

This  Gate  has  Droved  very  efficient  in  Pipes  of  all  sizes,  and  under  any 
pressure  and  from  its  double  form  and  perfect  joint  formation  is  especially 
valuable  for  use  in  large  Pipes  tor  water,  steam  and  gas,  aud  from  its 
avoidance  of  any  wed^e  shape  cannot  jam  at  any  point  (see  cut).     . 

Thefi.  A  B.  Valves  (or  Gates)  have  no  equal  in  simplicity  of  construc- 
tion  of  all  working  parts,  ease  of  access  for  repairs,  anil  durability. 

We  have  recently  enlarged  and  fitted  up  our  Brass  Foundry  and  Shop 
with  all  the  latest  improved  Tools  and  Machinery,  thus  greatly  iucreasing 
our  facilities  for  rapidly  executing  orders  for  all  sizes  of  Stop  Valves  (or 
Gates)  from  three-inch  to  four  feet  in  diameter,  or  any  size,  to  order,  We 
guarantee  them  to  give  better  satisfaction,  cost  less  money,  ami  last 
longer  than  any  other  Valve  in  use. 

We  are  alio  prepared  to  execute  all  order:;  in  Bras*  Work  forlireweries, 
Distilleries,  Plumbers,  Gas  and  Mining  Apparatus,  Ship  Work,  Soda  Ap- 
paratus, Steam  Fittings.  Meters.  Gauges  and  Indicators.  Also  in  Machine 
Pattern  ami  .Model  Making,  and  Clock  Work.  Gear  cut  to  order.  Brass 
Castings  of  all  kinds.  We  are  confident  of  our  ability,  and  all  orders  en- 
trusted to  us  will  be  executed  with  promptness  and  dispatch. 

GIOVANNINI  &  CO.,  417  &  419  Mission  St.,  S.  F. 
liberal  Discount  to  the  Trade.  /tSTSeud  for  Circular 


SAVE   YOUR   GOLD! 


Highly  Important  to  Miners  and  Quartz  Mill  Men! 

SILVER    PLATED    AMALGAMATING    PLATES. 

The  best  process  yet  discovered  for  saving  line  or  float  gold.  Extensively  used  with  great 
success  in  gravel  and  placer  mining  in  various  parts  of  the  Pacific  Coast.  Over  five  hundred 
orders  have  been  filled,  and  the  demand  is  constantly  increasing.  A  large  number  of  these  Plates 
were  sent  to  Snake  River  mines,  Idaho,  last  year,  aud  a  great  many  orders  are  being  filled  for 
them  this  season.  Circulars  containing  full  instructions  for  working  these  Plates  sent  with  each 
order.  Old  Mining  Plates,  bought  or  taken  iu  exchange  for  new  Silver  Plated  Plates,  and  full 
value  allowed.  Gold  extracted  from  old  Plates  at  a  moderate  cost  by  a  new  and  economical  pro- 
cess.    Old  Plates  (which  often  contain  a  surplus  of  gold  above  the  cost  of  plating)  cau  be  re-plated. 

With  the  most  extensive  facilities  on  the  Pacific  Coast,  orders  can  be  filled  very  promptly 
and  satisfaction  guaranteed. 

Mining  Men  and  the  public  generally  are  cautioned  against  unprincipled  and  irre- 
sponsible parties  traveling  through  the  country,  endeavoring  to  secure  orders  for  very 
inferior  qualities  of  Silver  Plated  Mining  Plates. 

SAN  FRANCISCO  GOLD,  SILVER,  NICKEL  AND  COPPER  PLATING  WORKS, 

Nos.   653  and  655  Mission  Street,    San   Francisco,   Cal. 
EDWARD    G.    DENNISTON,        •  r         -         <■         -         -        PROPRIETOR. 


HYDRAULIC  GRAVEL  ELEVATORS, 

For  wo  r  k  i  n  g  Hat 
gravel  mines  that 
have  no  dump. 

Sluices  gravel  and 
water  up  hill  on  an 
angle  of  45°,  and 
will  run  any  kind  of 
gravel  that  will  run 
in  a  Hume.  Handles 
rocks  as  easy  as  fine  dirt,  and  will  raise  as  much  material  as  the  water  will  carry  on  iu  a  Hume 

on  6  inches  gjade  to  12  feet.  .,.,,'*.  <*  -     *.   j     •      -■.    ic  *     j  n 

No  bedrock  cuts,  tunnels  or  drams  required.  Machine  a  sutheient  drain  itself,  and  the 
process  of  mining  the  same  as  any  other  hydraulic  mine.  Is  now  a  practical  success  in  various 
places  in  California  and  Oregon.     Send  for  descriptive  circular  to 


No.  51  Fremont  Street,  Office  of  the  Hydraulic  Gravel  Elevating  Mining  Co.,  S. 


F. 


In  consequence  of  spurious  imitations  of 

LEA    AND    PERRINS'    SAUCE, 

which  are  calculated  to  deceive  the  Public,  Lea  and  Perrins 
have  adopted  A  NE  W  LABEL,  bearing  their  Signature, 

thus, 


dCea>c)&Lr. 


■which  is  placed  on  every  bottle  of  WORCESTERSHIRE 
SA  UCE,  and  without  which  none  is  genuine. 

Ask  for  LEA  &  PERRINS'  Sauce,  and  see  Name  on  Wrapper,  Label,  Bottle  and  Stopper. 
Wholesale  and  for  Export by  the  Proprietors,  Worcester;  Crosse  and  Blackwell,  London, 
&•€.,  &C.;  and  by  Grocers  and  Oilmen  tkrov~hout  the  Work' 

To  be  obtained  of  CROSS  &  CO..  San  Francisco. 


D.  F    HUTCHINGS. 


D.  M.  DUNNE. 


J.  SANDERSON 


zpzebzcehstiix:  oil  wo:r,:k:s, 

HUTCHINGS    &     CO., 

OIL    and    COMMISSION    MERCHANTS, 

Manufacturers  and  Dealers  in  Sperm,  Whale,  Lard,  Machinery  and  Illuminating  Oils. 
517    FRONT    STREET,    SAN    FRANCISCO. 


424 


MINING    AND    SCIENTIFIC    PRESS. 


[June  28,   1879. 


INDEX  TO  VOLUME  XXXVIII 


Mining  and  Scientific  Press 

From  January  to  July,  1879. 


Academy  of  Sciences 

25,49.73, 

Aerolite 382 

Air  Compressor 372 

Agricultural  Works 124 

Ancient  Mine  in  Mexico. .  401 
Australian  Exhibition. 211,  304 
Automatic  Machinery, . , .  331 

Alaskans,  Groans  of 334 

Albo-Carbon  Light 211 

Albinism  of  Vegetables. 

Alcohol  from  Bananas 

Algiers,  Mine3  of 385 

Almaden  Mines  and  Min- 
ing  6,  22.  34.  54 

Allotropy  of  Metals...  195,  363 
Amalgamation,  Dry.,..,.  384 

Amalgamator,  A  New 136 

•Amalgamator,  Stevenot's  153 
•Amalgamator,  Michel's..  193 
•Amalgamator,  Elkins.340,  345 

American  Explorers 166 

Amber  in  New  Jersey 179 

Anthracite  Coal  of  Sonora  166 

Anderson,  Town  of 308 

Aneroid  Barometers 147 

Ancient  Engineering 230 

Animal  Phosphorescence.  363 
Anchors  of  Bessemer  Steel  147 
Angora  Robe  and  Glove  Co  156 
Aphthite,    Substitute  for 

Gold  and  Silver 231 

Arches,  Waterproof 415 

Arizona  Mines  and  Min- 
ing..22,  130,  184,'  241,  266,  353 
♦Arizona   Mining     Camp 

and  Fainted  Bocks 

Arizona,  Commerce  of 

Arizona  Catacombs 254 

•Arizona,  Thousand  Wells  353 
•Arizona,  San  Xavier  del 

Bac _.__ 

Arizona,  Latest  Wonder  in  129 

Arizona,  Letter  from 

....146,  156,185.  204,321,378 
•Arizona,  Lone  Peaks. . . .  217 
Archaeological  Researches  99 
Architects,  Responsibility    92 

Arsenic  in  Coal 71 

Artesian  Wells,  Co3t  of.  ..7.  18 
•Artesian  Wells.. .150, 184,  346 
Artesian  Wells  for  Arizona  117 
Artesian  Well  Engineer..  28'^ 

Artificial  Marble 179 

Artificial  Tallow : .    55 

Artificial  Silver 255 

ArtiBts'  Canvas 194 

Astrological  Quackery, 200,  297 

Atmosphere,  Iron  in 411 

Atmospheric  Vapur. 163 

Axle  and  Axle  Box 244 

Axle,  Lincoln's  Patent...  289 

Axle  for  Car 356 

Aztec  Remains 


195 


.  335 
.  362 
.  415 
.  331 
.  379 
.  394 


Balanced  Slide  Valves 

Banana  Flour ,  231 

Barcenite,  a  New  An  timo- 

□ate 

Baryta,  for  Painting 

Base  Ores  in  Utah 

Bathing 

Battery,  a  New  Voltaic. . 

Beets,  Liquid  from 

Beet  Sugar  in  California. 
Bequette  System  of  Mill- 
ing   197 

Bernardinlte,  New  Min- 
eral Resin 250 

Bessemer  Steel  for  Cutlery  347 

Bioplasm 51 

Bird  Tracks,  Fossil 379 

Bodie  Mines.. .21,  114.  169,  266 
Boiler  Iron,  Testingof, 

Boiler  Coating 7,  351 

Boilers,  Repairing  of 35 

Boiler  Fires,  how  Managed  55 

Boiler  Incrustations 9S 

Boiler  Inspection 115 

Boiler  Lining 119 

Boiler  Explosions. 145, 161,  18T 

Boiler  Covering 19! 

Boots  and  Shoes,  Improve- 
ment in 308,  379 

Boswell  Fruit  Drier 1 

Bottle   Fastener 105,  156 

Boulder  County  Mines. ... 

Buckwheat 87 

Building  Stone,  Porosity 

of 271 

Bullion  Shipments . .  12,  28, 
53,  69,  85.  101,  117,  133, 
149, 165,  181,  205,  217,  253, 
276,  292,  300,  317,  340,  349, 
372,  338,  39J,  413 
Bullion,  Annual  Yield  of  .24,  48 

•Buzzard,  Harlau's 

Blasting  Compound,a  new  331 
Blow-pipe,  an  Electric . .  331 

Brakes,  Railway 6,  227 

Brass,  Native 345 

Brass  Solder  for  Iron. .119.  271 
Brass,  Black  Finish  for. , 
Bread,  Fresh  and  Stale. 

Bricks  of  Paper 147,  379 

Brick3  of  Flint 351 

Bridge  Raising 303 

Bridge  Mathematics 303 

Brakes,  Effect  of  on  Rail 

way  Traids 6 

Bronze  for  Machinery  ....     19 
.    Bronzing  Wood,  Leather, 

Paper,  etc 215 

Bronze,  Green,  how  made  319 
€ 

Cabinet  Contributions 

California,  Notions  About  308 

Calico,  Waterproof 367 

Camels  on  Pacific  Coast. .  104 
Canal  Route,  Inter-Oceanic  349 

Canvas,  Waterproof 234 

Caoutchouc,  Treating 330 

Car  Construction. . ,  .3,  163,  251 

Car,  New  Dining 347 

Oar  Wheels,  Paper  vs.  Iron  179 

Car  Brake 244 

Carbon  in  Steel 35 

Carbon,  New  Form  of 

Carriage  Soring 

Cast  Iron,  How  Chilled. . , 
Castings,     How    Mended 

When  Broken 119 

Casting  Metals 363 

Celluloid 23 

•Cellars  Made  Waterproof  265 
Cements.. 23.  39,  215,  231, 
235,  255,  287,  367,  379 

Cerium, 195 

Cinder  Wool  for    Steam 

Pipes 151 

Cinnabar  Deposits. . .  ,214,  226 
City  Hall  Sandstone 

Coal,  New  Variety 147 

Coal  Pigments 383 

Coal  of  Cajon  Pass 

Coinage,  Profit  of ...    23 

Columbia  River  to  the  Sea  366 
Columbia  River  Bar. 

Colorado  Mines 23,  130,  250 

Colorado  Desert,  Flooding  232 
•Colorado  River,  Canyons  297 
•Colorado  River,    Marble 
Canyon 329 


•Illustrations. 


PAGB. 
Colorado  Valley,  Birds  of.  330 

Color  Blindness 415 

Cold  Waves 410 

Comets,  Tails  of..... 315 

Comet,  Borsen's 299 

Commerce,  Freaks  of 313 

Composi  te  Ships 163 

Comstock  as  a  Lead-Bear- 

ingMine 286 

Comstock    Belt,    Outside 

Prospecting  on 232 

Comstock     Lode,      Pay 

Chutes  in 201 

Comstock  Mines,  Heat  of, 

56,  72,146 

Comstock  Mines,  Hoisting 

Machinery  of 56 

Comstock,  Future  of 304 

Comstock  Ownership 345 

Condensed  Steam,  Power 

from 179 

Cone-bearers  of  California 

...54,  71,  87,98,  118,  135 
Consumption,  Cause  of...  383 
Cool  Grinding  of  Flour,..  135 

Copper  vs.  Silver 330 

Copper  Metallurgy 49 

Copper  in  Yuba  County  . .    98 

Copper,  How  Welded 251 

Copper  Plate,  how  Steeled  271 
Copper,  Metallic,  how  Ob- 
tained    352 

Corks  Made  Air- Tight 367 

Cosmic  Meteorology,.  .50, 

66.  86,  102 
Cottage,  Cheap  Frame...,  230 
Court  Plaster,  How  Made  215 

Cultivator,  Russell's 185 

Cupro  Manganese 347 

Curious  Cave 382 

Cut-off    Attachment    for 

Engine %■•••■  30S 

Cylinder,  Revolving  Fur- 
nace   304 

Chair  Brace 156 

Cheap  Railways 178 

Chemical  Works  of  S.  F . .    24 
Chemical     Nomenclature 

of  Wool 147 

Children,  Starvation  of . . .      7 
Chestnut  Trees,  Disease  of    73 

Chile  Gold  Mines 82 

Chinese  Immigration 120 

China  Ware,  Noiseless 318 

Chlorine  in  Toadstools  (?)  163 

Chronometer 267 

Chromium,  Metallic 299 

Clocks,   Winding  Attach- 
ment for 172 

Clover  Seed  Fly 244 

Cryolite 177 

D 

Dangerous  Things  (?) 205 

Darien  Canal 161, 166 

Dead  Mining  Towns 121 

•Deane  Mining  Pump 33 

Deep  Mines ,.97,  249 

Dew,  Formation  of..;283. 
331,  317 

Derrick,  Portable 292 

Detroit  River  Tunnel. 230,  351 

Diamonds,  Test  of 167 

Diamonds,  How  Bleached  299 
Diamond  Swindler's  End.  145 
Dinosaurs  of  Rocky  Moun- 
tains   147 

Discoveries  of  Science  in 

1878 44 

Ditching  by  Machinery. . .  250 
Dyes  .....  39 

Dynamite,  Test  of .  51,"  215] 

267,  227,  303 
Drawings,  Copying  of. ... .  335 
Dredging    and    Ditching 

Machine 12,  315 

Drill  Rods,  Home  Made..  379 

E 
"Earthquakes. . . . .  .97,  378,  409 

East  River  Bridge 54,  270 

East  and  the  West 136 

Eastern   Investors,    Cau- 
tion, etc 216 

Eastern  Money  and  West- 
ern Mines 369 

Eddystone  Lighthouse,,.  415 

Eozoon  Canadense. 299 

Eureka  Mining  Product  266  298 
Edge  Tools,  how  Ground . .  367 
Edison  Electric  Light. 271,  273 
Electric  Light,  Dangerous  115 

Electric  Induction 147 

Electric  Light,  Progress  of, 

211,  29S 
Electric  Lamp,  Krupp's. . .  235 
Electric  Light,    Divisibil- 
ity of 318,334 

Electric  Light,  Tyndall  on  347 
Electric  Light  on  Kearny 

Street 369 

Electrical  Metallurgy 162 

Electricity  of  Gas  and  Wa- 
ter Pipes 163  415 

Electricity    in    Chemical 

Processes 195 

Electricity  and  Rain 267 

Electricity  in  Harness 404 

Electro-Chemical    Action 

Under  Pressure. 147, 195,  299 
Electro-Bronzing  on  Iron.  167 
Electro-dynamic  Induction  267 
Elevated  Railways,  Bene- 
fits of 151,347 

Elevation  and    Tempera^- 

ture 199 

Emery  Wheel,  how  made, 
234,  287 

Engineer,  The S7 

Engineering  Triumphs....  351 

Etchingon  Tools 39 

Ethics  of  Journalism 137 

Evolution  of  Words,  etc, .     70 

Expansion  Pulley I72 

Explosions,  Minute  Causes  147 
Explosions,  how  Prevented  195 
Explosives,  Curious  Facts  179 
Explosives  of  High  Quality  204 
Eye  Repairs 383 


PAGE, 
Flounders  of  our  Markets, 

235,  255 

Flour,  Test  of, 255 

Flour,  Compression  of . . . .    55 

Free  Library 177,  377 

Friction  Pulleys  of  Paper.  300 

Frog,  Preadamic 346 

Frozen  Fodder 103 

•Fruit  Drier,  New  Alden.  257 
« 

Gallium 179 

Game  Laws 194 

•Gauging  Implements. 305,  321 

Gas  Engines 51,  303 

Gas    and    Electricity 

Light  Sources . 

Gas  Light,  Loss  in 215 

Gas  Flames,    Light    and 

Heat  of 283 

Gas     Mixer,     Automatic 

Rotary 

Gas  Refuse,  Value  of 35 

Gas  Detected 367 

Geodetic  Instruments....  134 

Geodetic  Observations 329 

Geology,  Yokutsian 25 

Geological     Changes 

Progress 179 

Geological  Puzzles 185 

Gedonite,  a  New  Mineral.  283 

•Geysers 3i3,  401 

Giant  Gun 147 

Gilt  Lettering  on  Leather  231 
Gold  Fields  of  California.  330 
Gold  Nuggets,  Growth  of.  331 
Gold,  Telluride  Ores  of  382, 
398,  414 

Gold,  Big  Strike 

Gold  Crystals 193 

Gold  and  Silver,  Increase  184 
•Gold,  Discovery  of  in  In- 
dia  137,361,  377 

Gold  Mining  in  California  377 

Goloid  Dollar. . . ." 167 

•Governor,  The  Allen 81 

Government  Surveys,  Ag- 
riculture in 287 

Gun  Barrels,  Manufacture 

Gunnison  Mines 282 

Gyroscope,    a  New    Law 

of  Motion  (?) 

Glacier,  etc.,  of  Mt.  Lyell.  234 

Glacial  Remains 226 

Glass  Clothing 87 

Glass,  How  to  Cut 151 

Glass,  Colored  Pencils  for  303 

Glass  Annealing 315 

Glycerine  as  a  Lubricator.  214 

Glycerine  in  Food 330 

Graphite,  Dry  for  Steam 

Cylinders 19,    51 

Grape   Juice,    Fermenta- 
tion of 119 

Gravel    Elevator,    Crans- 
ton's   340 

Granite,  Planing  Machine 

for 131 

Grain  Elevators 227 

Great  Continental  Divide.  314 
Grease    Spots,    How    re- 
moved    351 

Great  Salt  Lake,  Rise  in. . 
Green  Color  for  Confec- 
tioners    151 


Hfemocyanine,  from  Devil 

Fish 

•Harbor,  a  Pacific  Coast.  ..417 
•Harrow  and  Roller  Com 

bined 169 

Harrow,  Metallic 292 

Hayford  Process  a  Failure  379 
•Hay  Fork,  Harrison's....    81 

Hay  Rake,  Combined 89 

Health  Items.... 7,  23,  39, 
55,  71,  87.  103,  119,    151, 
167,  183, 199,  215,  231,  255, 
271,  287,  303,  319,  335,  351, 
367 
Heat,  Curious  Property  of  331 
Heat,  Conductivity  of . , . .    67 
Heat  Transmitted  by  Steel 

Plates 12,    83 

Heat,  Effects  of  on  Iron 

and  Steel 210 

Heat,  Retention  of.., 

Hectograph 151 

High  Temperature  Deter- 
mined   251 

Hints  for  Inventors 

Hoisting  Plant  for  Mines,    55 
Hoisting  Machine  Indica- 
tor   105 

•Hoisting  Engine,  Nile3\ .  105 
•Hoisting  Engine,  Double  145 

Homestead  Settlers 165 

Hope  Iron  Works 333 

Horse  Fork,  Light  Weight    12 
Horse  Shoes,  Forging  , . . .    55 

Horse  Taming 411 

Horn  Silver  Mine 362 

Hot  Journals 87,  282 

House  Cleaners,  Hints  for  135 
Hudson      River     Traced 

under  Sea , 299 

Huntite,  new  Mineral 

Hydraulic  Mining 60. 

Hydraulic  Launch 

Hydrogen... 35,  51,  67,  131, 
163,  315 


PAGE. 
*uu.  281,  302,  324,  350, 382 
Leather,  Waterproofing..  255 

Lick  Observatory 265 

Life-Saving  Dress 266,  270 

Life,  Animal  and  Plant..  267 

Light,  Velocity  of 3,  331 

Light  and  Life 195 

Lime  for  Blasting.. 

Lime  for  Adobe,  etc 230 

•Little    Wonder,    Sample 

Weigher 49, 

Liver,    Glycogenic  Func- 
tions of 346 

Locomotive .19,  151  347 

Locomotive  Chimney 315 

Locomotive    Building  in 

1878 115 

Locomotives,  Performan- 
ces of 351 

Locomotion,  new  Mode  of  103 
Los  Angeles  County  Mines    21 

Lubricators 319,  377,  383 

M 

Machine  Tools 55 

Machine  for  Cutting  Coal  215 

Manganese  Cast 3 

Manganese  Steel 283 

Manhattan  Mine 368 

Manufacturing  Industries  216 
Marine  Engine  Economy.  214 

Marble,  how  Cleaned 271 

Mars 163 

Mariposa  Mines 276 

Maryland  Ship  Canal ....  55 
Mechanic,  Success  of. ... ,  215 
Mechanics'  Institute  Fair, 

172,  340 

•Mensuration,  new  Prob- 
lems  201,  350 

Mercury  in  California 8 

Metals,  how  Colored.. 135,  383 

Metal  Packings 147 

Metals  in  Ores,  how  Dis- 
covered   179 

Metals,  how  Silvered 287 

Meteors,  Constitution  of.  347 
Meteorological  Summary, 

Metallurgy,  Gas  in 420 

25,  145,  361 

Metric  System 251 

Mexican  Exhibition 211 

Mills  Wanted 383 

Mill  Picks,  how  Tempered  379 

Milk,  how  Tested 215 

Milk.  Enemies  of 303 

Mill  Dust 411 

Milling  in  Austria 411 

Mimbres  Valley 350 

Miners'  Homes 104 

Miners  Superstitions 250 

Mineral  Veins    and  De- 
posits   369 

Mineral  Wax 410 

Mine  Swindles 49 

Mines,  Work  in.. .168,  200, 

352 
Mines,  Investing  in. .  .256. 

265,  288,  329 
Mines,  Explosions  in  Pre- 
vented   267 

Mines,  Frost  in 270 

Mines  of  Lead  and  Silver.  336 
Mines    of    California    in 

East 384 

Mining  Activity,  Sites  of  ..417 
Mining,  Crooked  Ways  in. .416 

Mining  in  California 416 

Mining  Claims 1,  362 

Mining  Fine  Gold.  ..2,  18. 
235,  302,  305,  313 

Mining  Gold  Sands 2 

Mining  Refractory  Ores, 

18,  366,  368 

Mining  Laws,  Defects  in  18 
•Mining  Pump,  Vertical..    25 

Mining  in  1878 40 

Mining  Accidents 207 

Mining  and  Farming 97 

Mining  Shares  in  the  East  152 
Mining  Debris    Decision, 

168,  182 

Mining  in  Mexico 250 

Mining  Laws 250 

Mining,  Operating  in  Vein  265 

Mining  Industry 272 

Mining  Property 254,  336 

MiningDebris 256,292,  337 

Mining,  Submarine 303 

Mining  Region,  new 304 

Mining  Location  Decision  308 
Mining  Stock  Market.. 4, 
20,  36,  52,  68,  84,  100, 116, 
132,  148,  164,  180,  196,  212, 
228,  252.  268,  284.  300,  316, 
332,  348,  364,  380,  396.  412 
Mining  Summary.... 5,  21, 
37.  53,  85,  101,  117,  133. 
149,  165,181,197,213,229, 
253,  269,  285,  301,  317,  333, 
349,  365,  381,  397.  413 

Moon,  Volcano  in 

Moon,    Effect    on  Early 


PAGE. 

Poisonous  Colors 135 

Polishing  Metal  Surfaces.  147 

Polyspenic  Ship 

Postal  Changes 1,    17 

Potassium 179 

Power  by  Shafting 227 

Power  Machine. . , . 

Powder  Blasts 152 

Powders,  Solidified 179 

•Pulverizer,  the  Davis. . . ,  137 

Pulverizing  Barrel 12 

•Pump,    Crank   and  Fly- 
wheel  ......  121 

Pyrites,  Treailment  of....  230 
Phenomenon  in  Electricity  211 

PhiUipium ST....  179 

Phosphorus .35,    67 

Photography 131,  315 

Plant  and  Animal  Life. . .  363 
Plaster,    to  Set    Quickly, 

199,  319 

Plaster    Statues,    how 

Bronzed 231 

Platinum  Coating , 

Plows,  Recent. 67 

•Pneumatic  Clock,  Wen- 

zell's 

Pneumatic  Tubes __. 

Propeller  for  Vessels 172 

« 

•Quartz  Mill,  Eaton's 217 

Quartz  Mining  near  Home  289 
Quartz  Mines  of  California  313 
Quicksilver  Condensers...  105 

Quicksilver 177,  241,  305 

R 
Railroads..  17, 115, 119, 138, 

254,  266,  287,  302,  303,  331, 

351,  378,  379 
Railway,  Single  Track..,.  254 

Railroad  Tie 267 

Railroad  Iron  Demand...  331 

Rainfall,  Comparative 255 

Range  Finder 270 

Randito 

Razor  Strop 

Reading,  Mining  near 
Recipes... .7.  23.  39,  55,  71. 

87.  103,  119,  138,  151,  255, 

287,  319,  367,  399,  415 

Red  Snow _ 

Red  Fire 319 

Reflection,  Phenomena  in  379 

Resistance  of  Ships  (?) 214 

♦Respirator  for  Reduction 

Works 249 

Right-Hand,     Philosophy 

of _. 

Rocking  Piers  for  Viaducts  231 
Rock    Drilling    by    Elec- 
tricity   363 

Rocks,  Heat  Power  of . . . .      3 

Roots,  Depth  of 23 

Rubber,  Consumption  of, 

etc 335,  351 

•Rural  Mansion 286 

Rheumatism  Cured 119 


PAGE. 

Tunnels 7,  117 

Thermal  Springs,  Heat  of. 
Track     Laying     by    Ma- 
chinery    347 

•Traction  Engine 1 

Tramway  Rails 270 

Treasury  of  U.  S 136 

•Tree  Feller,  Smyth's 97 

•Tree  Feller,  Ransome's,.  385 
Trees  of  California,   etc., 

198,  266 

Tributersand  Coasters...  320 

Trichinosis 415 

Trinity  County  Mine3 420 

U 
Ultra  Gaseous  Matter. ...    83 
University,  Practice  at. 33,  281 

Urisite,  new  Mineral 283 

Usudurian  Steam  Packing  315 

V 
Vacuum  Engine,  Rotary..    89 
Vancouver  Gold  Field....  286 
Vi  ginia  City,  Notes  from  210 
Volcanoes  of  Pacific  Coast  298 

Voltaic  Pencil 99 

Vulcan  Blasting  Powder, 

105,  317 

W 

Wagon  Brake 188 

Walled  Lakes .' 17 

Wall  Covering,  a  new. ....    38 

Walls,  Painting  for 383 

Washington  Territory, 
Gold  in 225 


Water  Elevator,  Patten's.    25 
Water  Wheels  in  Mining.    50 

Waterproof  Soles 167 

Water  Demand,  etc.  ..104, 

266,  282,  331,  367 
Water  Lifter,  Hydraulic.  356 

Water  Analyser 363 

•Well  Boring  Machinery. .    73 

Welding  of  Metals 179,  195 

Westingbouse  Air  Brake. .  214 
"Windmill,  Worthington.  25 


.   281 


270 


Winans*  Ocean  Steamer..  211 

Wire  Belts 178,  195 

Winnemucca  and  Oregon 

Railroad 367 

Woodruff   Scientific    Ex- 
pedition    313 

Wonderful  Sinks 346 

Wood  Tar,  Decomposition 

of 283 

Working  Beds  of  Mountain 

Streams 383 

Wyoming  Mines 162 

•Whaling  Rocket 209 

Wheat,  Vitality  of 103 

White  Lead  Manufacture.  215 

Y 
Yellowstone     Region 
Wonders 209 


S 


Farm  Gate 292 

Feathers,  how  Bleached,.     39 

Feathers  in  Textiles 335 

Feldspar,  Artificial  Crystals  28 

lence.  Iron 331  379 

Fiber  Cleaning  Machine. .  89 
Fiber  Plant  of  Arizona...  137 
Files  Renewed  by   Sand 

Blast 210 

Financial  Supremacy.....  304 

Fire  Damp  Indicator 67 

Fire  Lighter 372 

Fire  Extinguisher.  ™a 

Fish  Farming.. 

Fish,  Distribution  o 
•Fog  Signal  Compas 

Fog  Horn 

Foulweather,  Cape. 
Forts  of  Cast  Iron . . 
Fuel  from  Waste,.. 

Fuel  Saving 

•Fungoid  Disease  of  Lum- 
ber        57 

Furnace  Diaphragms! '. '.'.'.  '89 
Furnace  Gases,  Composi- 
tion and  Use3 251 

Furnace,  Copper  Plated..  260 
Flames,  Resonance  of,,.,  283 


..166,  410 
f 302 


.  121 


Ice  Making 

Idaho  Mines 5, 18, 

Idaho  Coal  Mines 266 

Igneous  Meteors 118,  130 

Inventors,  Room  for 131 

Indian  Lands 182 

Indicator  for  Cage,  Behr's  234 

Industrial  Success 369 

Inner  Earth,  Nature  of. ..." 

Ink  Stains  in  Carpets 

Inks 

International  Meteorology 
Inyo  County  Mines .  .5, 162, 

Iron  Smelting 12 

Iron  Works 17 

Iron  and  Steel  Welding, 

Wheeler  Process 67,  299 

Iron    and    Steel   Testing 

Machine 163 

Iron  Cast,  Peculiarities  of, 
...35,  71, 

Iron,  Silicide  of 

Iron  Buggies 

Iron  Welded  by  Fusion. . .    .. 

Iron,  Copper  Plated 103 

Iron  Galvanizing  Furnace  115 
Iron,  Case-hardening. 183,  267 

Iron,  Testing 303 

Iron  Interest,  Progress  of  251 

Iron  Production 267,    283 

Iron  Work,  Ornamental..  287 

Iron,  Preserving  of 315 

Iron,  Cast  Malleable 315 

Iron  Siliciuret 331 

Iron,  How  to  Chill 335 

J 

Japan  Coal  Mines 

Japanese  Magic  Mirrors..  183 

"Jeannette" 409 

Jewelry . .  .105,  255,  383 

Jump  Seat  Carriage 292 

H. 

Keeley  Motor 331 

King  Bolt  for  Trucks 30S 

Kingdom  for  a  Process. .  „9, 


Geology ".    51 

Mound  Builders,  Unit  of 

Measure 35 

Mountain  of  Gold 250 

Mollusks,  Vindicated 366 

Molds  and  Cores  for  Cast 

Steel 363 

Molders,  Hints  to 251 

Money  in  Mining 136 

Monterey  County  Mines. .    21 

Mono  County  Mines 21 

Mono  Volcanoes  and  Gla- 
cial Drift 273 

Mortar,  Adhesion  of 347 

Mushroom,  Poison 415 

Nails,  American  in  Eng- 
land   331 

Navisphere 411 

Nebulas,  Constitution  of. .  315 
Nevada  County  Mines.  .9, 

21.  329 
Nevada,  Wealth  of . .  ..178,  194 

Nevada,  Irrigation  in 133 

Neuralgia,  Cure  for. 71 

New  Mexico  Mines 298,  350 

New  Phonograph 211 

New  Steam  Wagon 227 

New  York  Exhibition  in 

1883 315 

Niagara  Ice  Bridge 60 

Niagara  Falls  as  a  Power.  234 

Nicaragua  Canal 230 

Nickel  Plating 227,  287 

Nickel  and  Cobalt,  Malle- 
able  379 

•Niles'  Steam  Engine....  145 
Nitrolin,  a  new  Explosive.  51 
North  Bloomfield  Mining 

Company 105 

Nuts  as  Food 7 

O 

Ocean  Currents 747 

Oil  Paint 351 

Oil  from  Grape  Seed 199 

Oil  for  Gun  Locks 146 

Oils,  Lubricating 283 

Oil  of  Cognac 335 

Oil,  Electric  test 351 

Ore  Smelting 73,  305 

"Owl,  Great  Gray 9 

P 
Paint     and     Paper 


331 


Knitting  Machine 

Labor,  Unemployed 

Lake  District  Mines 

Laundry  Work 

•Lathe,  Barnes' 

•Lathes,  Combination. . . . 

*  Lathe  Tools 

Lead  Alloys  

Lead  from  Smoke 

Lead  Pipe  Joined  without 

Solder 67 

Lead     Explosions      Pre- 

•  vented U9,  367 

Leadville 213,  230,  255, 


Houses ~ 255 

•Packiug      for       Piston, 

Youse's 353 

Paper  from  Wood  Pulp. . .    83 

Paper  made  Fireproof 271 

Paraffine 71,  103 

Patents,  Notices  of  Recent 

(see  list) 12,  89,  105, 

156,   172,    188,    244,   260, 

292,  308,  356,  372,  388 

Penguins 302 

Pendulums  of  Wood 347 

Pepsin  of  Ostrich 38 

Petroleum 35,  119,  283,  333 

Piston     Pump,     Wilbra- 

hams  Rotary 338 


Sacramento  River  Canal. .  286 

•Safety  Powder 113 

Safety  Lamp 244 

Salt  in  Iron  Manufacture.  363 
Salt  Works  of  Mt.  Eden. .     .. 

Salmon  River  Mines 249 

San  Pedro 

Sand  Foundations ... 

Sand  Blast 411 

Sawdust  in  Mortar 214 

Sawdust.  New  use  for. . . . ,  271 
•Saws,    Improvement    in 

Circular 161 

Sausage,  Poison  in 151 

Seam  for  Boots  and  Shoes  356 
Self-Luminous  Clock  Dial  119 
Self-Calculating  Weigher.  372 
Sewer  Traps,  Air  Valve  for  12 
Sierra  Nevada,  Legend  of  IS 
Sierras.  Foothills  of . .,  .33, 
41,  262 

Silk  Manufacture 81 

Silicate  of  Soda,  Bronzing  303 

Silver  Producers 24 

Silver,  Curious  Casting  of  335 
Silver    Plated    Amalgam 

Plates 181 

Silver,  Political  Economy 

of 352 

Sinking  Rivers 330 

Siskiyou  County  Mining, 

66,  114,  210,  234 

Solar  Salt  Marsh 330 

Solids  in  Solution 163 

Soluble   Metal   Combina- 
tions  , 8: 

•Sonora.  Mexico 231 

Sound,  Velocity  of.... 299,  363 

Submarine  Cables. ....... 

Sub-Aqueous  Excavator. . 
Subsidence  of  Mountain. . 
Sugar  of  Lead  as  an  Eye- 
Water 119 

Surveys,  Geological,  etc. . .     72 

SutroTunnel 185,220,  313 

Scandium,  new  Metal 347 

Science  in  the  Industries.  251 

•Screw  Cutting  Tools 17 

Shaft  Cage  Indicator. . . 
Shafting,  Cold  Rolled. . . .     99 
Shearings,  Iron  and  Steel  179 

Ship  Building 6,  179 

Ship  Bottoms,  Cleaning..  215 

Ship  of  the  Desert 234 

Shop  Tools,  Care  of,.. 

Skin  Grafting 167 

Specific  Gravity  of  Mineral  393 
Steam,  is  it  Explosive....  379 
Steam   and  its    Applica- 
tions.. 19,   147,  163,    251, 
283,  294  302,  372 

•Steam  Pump,  Dow's 

Steel  Rails,  Rolling 363 

SteelNails 115 

Steel,  new  test  for 83 

Steel,  the  age  of 19 

Steel  Making 211 

Steel  Welding. 315 

Steeline 251 

Steering  Invention 251 

Step  Ladder 105 

Stone,  Indestructible 286 

Straw  Lumber 

Strength  of  Materials 115 

Sleeping    Cars    for  Emi- 
grants   .. 194 

Snake  River  Mines.  .2,  18, 
50,  120,  217.  249 

Spark  Arrester 12 

Spectra,  Changes  of...  1~ 

Spikes,  Machine  Made 379 

Spiegeleisen.  Structure  of    35 

Spirit  Levels , 163 

Spontaneous  Combustion^ 

195,367,  399.415 

Sponge  Cultivation....  167,  255 

Stamp  Mill,  new  form 297 

Standard  Screw  Thread..  115 

Standard  Measures 215 

Standard  Weights,   Mate- 
rial for , 

State  Pride 102 

Steam  Plowing 


PAGE. 
. ...  405 ' 


.  292 


.  37: 


Zinc  Decoration 71 

Zinc,  Spontaneous    Com- 
bustion of 131 

Zinc,  Expansion,  etc.,  of.  231 
Zinc,  Consumption  of.,,.  303 

Zinc,  how  Blackened 351 

Zinc,  how  Tinned 351 


PATENTS. 


276 


•Tank  Pump,  Knowle3'. . .    89 
Tanning,  Salsoda  in. .....  271 

Target  Apparatus 356 

Telectroscope 179 

Telegraph....  167.  210,  211, 

214,  270.  282,  315 

Telephone ..163,  347 

Temperature  of  California  270 

Teredo  Navalis 

Timber  Preservatives.. 19,  210 

283 
Timber  Culture  Act... 
Tin  Coating  for  Metals.. . .  183 

Tinplate  Manufacture 379 

Tombstone,  District.  .319,  316 
Toothache,  Death  from. . .  383 

Tuolumne  Cave 82 

Tulare  County  Lrigation, 

etc... 119,  378 


Air  Valve.  J  M  Scott 

Air  Valve  for  Sewers,  P  F 

Morey 12 

Air  Compressor,  J  B  Pitch- 
ford 356,  372 

Adjustable    Ram,  D  Mc- 

Colgan 204 

Amalgamator,   J  B  Rey- 
nolds     61,  137 

Amalgamator,  P  Dickson.  172 
Amalgamator,  J   Michel, 

188,  193 

Amalgamator,  W  S  Shot- 
well 188 

Amalgamator,  G  R  Evaus  420 
Anti-Friction  Bearing,  T 

HKing ,  204 

Auger,  W  Heyn 372 

Axle  for  Vehicles,    E    E 

Lincoln 188,244,  289 

Ealing  Presses,  J  Howell  124 
Barrel-Tap,  E  J  Rubottom  260 
Bit-Stock,  L  C  DiBert. . , ,  188 

Bill-File,  E  H  Owen 188 

Bed  Bottoms,  W  H  Lein- 

inger 172 

Boiler,  M  N  Laufenherg. .  372 
Boring    and     Excavating 
Machine.  Haas  &  Man- 
ning    124 

Boots  and    Shoes,  J  Ho- 

bart 308,  324 

Boot  Straps,   Securing,  C 

W  Lane 372 

Bottle  Fastener,  S  Marti- 

nelli 105,  124,  156 

Buffer  Spring,  W  M  Betts  ™* 

Bungs,  F  A  Howig 204 

Bracelet,    Self-Adjusting, 

W  A  L  Miller 372,  388 

Breech-  Loading    Fire- 

Arms,  Julius  Bluemel. .  12 
Bread  Box,  W  G  Jones...  220 

Bridges,  E  Williams 188 

Car  Brakes,  A  Weymouth, 

188,  244 

Car  Brake.  N  Webb 324 

Car  Truck,    Mining,    Mc- 

Caskell  &  Munchavd 188 

Car  Trucks,  G  Vincent....  188 

Car  Truck,  H  S  Zink 356 

Car  Coupling,  J  CjMcCol- 

lum 220 

Carriage,  A  Bink 292,  292 

Chair  Brace,   S  P  Soren- 

sen , 156 

Coin  Press,  T  S  Scott 61 

Coin  Press,  T  S  Scott 61 

Coin  Blank  Reducer,  F  X 

Cicott 405 

Copper,  Precipitating  Ap- 
paratus for,  C  C  Bitner, 

188,  352 

Cork  Extractors,  L  C  Mum- 
ford  172 

Corset,  G  H  Clark 388 

Convertible  Chair,  F  Jan- 
sen  324 

Cultivators,  P  S  Russell. .  77 
Cultivators,  Holly  &  Jones  260 
Clips  for  Rope  Tramways, 

AS  Hallidie 12 

Chlorodized  Ores,  Appar- 
atus for  Washing,  D  J 

O'Harra 77 

Clocks,   Winding  Attach- 
ment for,  SSerighelli.  172,  188 

Clock,  WACates 204 

'Cultivator,  P  S  Russell..  105 
Cut-off  for  Engines,  A  H 

Mathesius 308 

Dental  Plugger,  H  Rich- 
mond  188 

Derrick  Stake,  R  P  Wil- 
liams   188 

Derrick  Stake,   R  P  Wil- 
liams   324 

Derrick,  J  Uriell 292 

Dredging      Machine,     D 

Bridges 12 

Dredging-Scoop  Nozzle,  S 

W  Shaw 388 

Dredging     Tube,     Pneu- 
matic, W  P  Lewis 420 

Diaphragms  for  Ore  Fur- 
naces. M  D  Haskins...77,  S9 
Door  Knobs,  Peacock   & 

Zook 204,  388 

Door-Knob    Attachment, 

D&TMorris 388,  388 

Drag  Saws,  W  H  Smyth . .  124 
Electric    Lamps,    Carbon 
Floats.  Mole;  a  &  Cebrian  292 


Elevator,  F^J  Crouch. 
Engine,  R  J  Cartmel. 
Engine,  J  H  Darragh  ....  220 
Engine  Fire  Lighter,  C  E 

'Thompson ,  356 

Expansion  Pulley,  S  Seri- 

ghelli 172,  188 

Farm  Gate,  E  LRugg.276,  292 
Feathering  Paddle,   C   F 

Winsor 356 

Fiber  Cleaning  Machine, 

T  McAutey 77,    89 

Fiber  Twisting  Machine, 

A  T  Sherwood 292 

Finger  Ring,    R   W  Ed- 
wards     61 

Fire-Arm  (re-issue)  W  R 

Finch 

Fire  Extinguisher,    W  F 

Ferguson 292, 

Fire  Lighter,  C  E  Thomp- 
son  

Fog  Horn,    Bucknam    & 

Langrehr 356 

Furnace  for  Oxidiziug,  W 

T  Rickard 292 

Flavoring  Compound  for 

Tobacco,DSternbergl40,  188 
Fluid  Motor,  Molera  &  Ce- 

-brian __ 

Fruit  Drier,  W  S  Plummer  204 
Fruit  Drier,  R  B  Blowers.  "  ~ 
Gag  Runner  for  Harness, 

WM  Blain 260 

Hay  Rake,  F  Shedd 188 

Hay  Unloading  Machine, 

FA  Kelley 124 

Hatch  for  Street  Elevator, 

P  Hinkle 

Harrow,  S  Harris 

Horse     Rake,     Abbey    i 

Brammer 

Horse  Fork,  B  Jackson. . . 
Horse  Clothing,  J  C  Simp- 
son   

Hoisting    Register,    H  C 

Behr 77,  105.  234 

Horse   Power,  Herbert  & 

Henry 

Hotel  Waiter,  L  Garrigan 
Hydraulic   Pump,    W     P 

Barclay 188 

HydraulicPropeller,  Brew- 
er &  Ward 

Hydraulic  Lift,  WB  Hyde  405 
•Hay  Fork,  E  Harrison. . .  81 
Insecticides.  J  C  Benton,  172 
Jewelry,  RW Edwards...  105 

Lames,  D  Lubin 188,  244 

Ladder,     Fire      Escape, 

Hayes  &  Free 

Lamp  Shade,  P  K  Guild.. 

Lantern,  J  Gillig 

Lathe,  C  H  Carter 

Latch,  PH  Baker 

Levees,    Constructing,  M 

C  Lawton 372 

Lock,  Nestor  A  Young.. ..  244 

Loom,  R  H  H  Hunt 292 

Lubricator,  N  Seibert 

Lubricator,  DP  Baldwin.  405 
Miter  Bevels.WHarbaugh  188 
Mining   Flume,   Howe   & 

Waite 405 

Motor  Engine,  Molera  & 

,  Cebrian 

Motor,  Molera  &  Cebrian . 
Music-Leaf  Turner,  O  H 

Goodwin 172 

\eck|Yoke,LEAinsworth  244 
Nozzle  for  Hardening  Dies 

JB  Harmsted 

Nut  and  Collar,  Sectional, 

EM  Morgan 405 

Oil  Cups,  A  D  Hilborn. . .  356 
Oat  Separators,  J  Magone  276 
Over-Winding,  Preventing 

Device,  H  C  Harrison..  188 
Ore-Feeder,  DH  Anderson  " 
Ore  Mill,  C  S  Stanchneld.  297 
Ore-Stanip3,  S  Kendall. 
Ore  Roaster,  Blythe  &  Mo- 
rey.  356 

Ore  Roaster,  D  W  Brunton  37! 
Ore  Roasting  Furnace,  D 

W  Brunton 38) 

Ore  Washer,  C  Duhem. ...  140 
Ores,  Working,  J  A  Rob- 
ertson  

Packing  for  Stuffing  Boxes 

CO  Phillips 188 

Packing   for  Piston,  S  A 

Youse — 308, 

Padlock,  N  A  Young 188 

Pantaloons,  J  W  Davis. . .  204 
Parasol,  Mrs  H  E  Israel. .  276 
Pillow-Sham  Frame,  J  R 

Adams 308 

Pipe  for  Irrigation,  E  M 

Hamilton 420 

Power     Transmitter,    W 

Meyers 

Propelling   Vessels,  J    B 

Green 172 

•Pulverizing    Mill,     J    T 

Davis 137,  188 

Pulverizing   Barrel,    J   C 


PAGE 
Spoke  Tenoning  Machine, 

RW  Eaton 308 

Spoke  Tenon  Auger,  RW 

Eaton 308,  394 

Steam  Boiler,  RRDoan.  276 
Steam  Packing,  G  P  Phil- 
lips  405 

Step  Ladder,  E  M  Benja- 
min   61,  105 

Stalk  Cutter,  J  Kraft 420 

Stamp  Mill,  C  S  Stanch- 
field  324 

Stench  Trap,  WE  Lane..  276 
Stems  for   Stamp    Mills, 
Guide  for,  Crane  &  Raup  220 

Stove,  H  L  Howse 188 

Sulky  and  Walking  Rake, 

Abbey  &  Brennan 89 

Switch    Clearing   Device, 

G  Royal    204 

Switch,     Railway,     H  A 

Norton... 420 

System  of  Lighting,  Mo- 
lera &  Cebrian 308 

Targets,  W  H  Broden. . . .  356 

Tin  Pail,  E  Guittard 308 

Tobacco  Cutter,  Bauer  & 

Seitz 140 

Trap  for  Animals,    G  W 

Williams 308 

Trucks,  King  Bolt  for,  C 

Oester 308 

Vacuum   Rotary  Engine, 

"  L  B  Lawrence 77,  89 

Vapor  Burner,   Hydrocar- 
bon, H  H  Eames 420 

Venetian  Blinds,  T  Lang- 
don 2*5(1 

Water  Elevator,  J  Patten 
Water  Lifter,  Lawrence  & 

Strawbridge 3 

Water  Closet,  FPohley...  £ 

Water  Elevator  and  Air 

Compressor,  J  Patten.. 

Water  and  Steam  Cock,  W 

HHoyt 260 

Water  Gauge  and  Alarm, 

O  Collier 220 

Wagon,  FA  Hill 276 

Wagon  Jacks,  H  H  Marge- 
son  12 

Wagon  Brake,  J  F  Dits- 

worth 188 

Wave  Power,  J  B  Greene.  172 
Water  Lifter,  Lawrence  & 

Strawbridge 356 

Washing  Machine,  T  Aus- 


77 


25 


Waste  Pipe  Cut-off  Valve, 

Levake  &  Grub 77 

Weigher,  Sample  and  But- 
ton, J  S  Phillips 356' 

Watch,  J  Bauer 260 

Windmill,  J  R  Dixon 188 

Windmills,  T  E  Martin..    12 
Wheels  for  Vehicles,  T  H 

King 204 

Wheel    for  Vehicle,  L  B 

Lawrence 405 

Wheel,  Fifth  for  Vehicle, 

J  ABilz j 420 

Wheels  for  Traction  En- 

ine,  J  Kirchoffer 124 

WTiiffletreeHooks.ASmith  124 
Writing  DeBk  and  Work 
Table  E  Emanuel 260 

TRADE-MARKS. 

Bitters,  C  R  Burrage 12 

Candles,  W  T  Coleman ...  188 

Candles,  Castle  Bros 188 

Canned  Salmon,  J  W  &  V 

Cook 244 

Cathartic  Medicine,  E  De 

Prati 188 

Clothing,  Heyneman  &  Co  188 
Chocolate,  Broma  and  Co- 
coa, D  Ghirardelli 12 

Lubricating     Compound, 

Bean,  Bracey  &  Co.. 188,  220 
Mustard,    Spices,  etc.,  D 

Ghirardelli 61 

Ointments,  J  L  Standart.  172 
Sauces,  J  Lusk  &  Co 172 

INCORPORATIONS. 


lator,  Molera  &  Cebrian 

.M92,  188 

Electric  Signal  Fire  Hose, 
JBuchtel 188 


Senderling 

Pump,  G  Norton 

Pump,  W  C  Wilcox 

Pump,  Geo  E  Dow 

Pump,  Centrifugal,  E  Cha- 

quette 420 

Pumping  and  Cooling  De- 
vice, Molera  &  Cebrian.  172 
Photographing  Motion,  2 

patents,  E  J  Muybridge  172 
Quicksilver  Furnaces,  etc. 

BF  Chase 124 

Quicksilver       Condenser, 
Composition  for,   H  H 

Eames 77,  105 

Quartz  Mills,  D  H  Ander- 
son    172 

Quartz  Mills,  Stamp  Bat- 
tery, R  F  Bidwell 324 

Quartz  Mill,  A  B  Paul. . ..  276 
Kailway  Track,  AjBowman    77 
Railroad  Crossings,    Ber- 
nard &  Perkins 140 

Ratchet  Drill,  J  C  Steber.  18£ 
Rifle  Sights,  C  Slotterbeck  lit 
Road  Engines,  Holbrook 

&  Pooler 124,  140 

Rock  Drill,  H  Richman. . . 
Rodent  Exterminator,  J  C 

Benton 172 

Roller  aud  Pulverizer,  G 

Meding 372, 

Rotary  Piston  Pump,  Wil- 

braham 

Running  Gear,  C  Oester. . 
"Sample    and    Button 

Weigher.  J  SPhillips.49,  356 
•Sawing  Machine  and  Tree 

Feller.  W  H  Smyth. .  .97,  204 
Sewer  Trap.  J  P  Cahill. . .  " 
Seam  for  Shoes,  etc,,    J 

Jory 356 

Sewing   and   Embroidery 

Machines,  LCMuraford  172 
Sewing  Machine,  J  J  Graff  420 
Smelting  Ores,  H  H  Eames  420 
Sight  for   Fire-Arms,    W 

Matthews 188 

Sickle  Grinders,  T  J  Hub- 
bell 

Sulky  Plow,  J  Price 188 

Suspenders,  H  M  Heine- 
man 188 

Scrubbing  Machine,  A  F 

Stockley 204 

Screw  Propeller,  J  B  Ward  38* 

Slop  Hopper,  J  G  lis 29£ 

Shoe  Fastener,  J  J  Saun- 
ders    18* 

Snow  Plows,  G  Royal 204 

Spring  for  Vehicles,  O  S 

Carville 188 

Spark  Arrester,  J  H  Bart- 
lett 12 


Aetna  M  Co 188 

Alchemist  M  Co 340 

Alpha  Blue  Gravel  M  Co.  .172 
Amador  Tunnel  M  &  M  Co.  188 

Ameer  M  Co 220 

Armstrong  G  M  Co, ,  ..204,  220 
Ifialbach  Smelting  and  Re- 
fining Co 28 

Bondurant  G  &  S  M  Co. . .  .204 

Boston  S  M  Co 220 

Bulwer  Con  G  &  S  M  Co.  ..292 

Black  Rock  M  Co 388 

BlueBellMCo 188 

Blunder  G&S  M  Co 23 

Bodie  Con  M  Co 388 

Brooklyn  Con  M  Co 172 

Brophy  M  Co 204 

t'al.  Ramie  Machine  Co. . .  28 

Carrie  Steele  M  Co 220 

Carbon  River  M  Co.. .... .  .260 

Central  Star  G  M  Co 210 

Cozian,  W,  H  &  M;  G  &  S     ' 

M  Co 133 

Chrysolite  M  Co 324 

DeRuyter  G  M  Co 133 

Diamond  Creek  G  &  S  M  Co  133 

Fair  View  M  Co 292 

FoulkG&SMCo 324,  340 

FresnoMCo 28 

(iold  Bank  Gravel M  Co.. .188 
Golden  State  Con  M  Co. .  .172 

Golden  Gate  M  Co 324 

Gordon  Creek  M  Co...  188,  324 
Great  Republic  G  M  Co.  ...172 
Great    Washington     Blue 

Gravel  M  Co 172 

Green  Mountain  M  Co 172 

Hartford  S  M  Co 172 

Hermit  G  &  S  M  Co. .  .292,  324 

Iron  Cap  M  Co 172 

Ivauhoe  M  Co 188 

Jennie  June  M  Co 28 

John  GM  Co 188 

Justice  Con  G  M  Co 324 

Knight  of  MaltaQ  M,  Co. .324 

LeplerMCo 172 

Leota  Con  M  Co 292 

Mammoth  M  Co 188 

Montezuma  G  &  S  M  Co. .  .260 
Monte  Christo  Con  M  Co 


MonitorMCo 188 

Moore  M  Co 188 

Morgan  Gravel  M  Co ......  172 

McKinley  Con  G  M  Co  ....  188 

Nelson  G  &  S  M  Co. .  .324,  340 
Nevada  Co  Con  PlacM  Co.  172 

Noonday  Con  M  Co 172 

Noonday  M  Co 204 

North  Bulwer  S  &  M  Co  .  .292 
North  Mexican  S  M  Co, . .  .188 
North  Standard  G  M  Co. ..260 
N  Standard  G  &  S  M  Co.  .292 

Oleta  G  &  S  M  Co 188 

Omega  Blue  Gravel  M  Co. .172 

Orient  Placer  GM  Co 340 

Orient  and  Occident  G  &  S 

M  Co 172 

Overton  M  Co 292 

Pacific  Coast  Oil  Co  .  ,133,  172 
Ueprescntative  G  &  S  M  Co  1:3 

IWhoRockMCo 292 

San  Geronimo  G  &  S  M  Co  188 
Santa  Rosa  G,  S  &  C  M  Co  28 
■Solano  Roman  Cement  Co  324 
Silver  Brick  Con  M  Co  . . .  .340 
Silver  Peak  Tunnel  &  M  Co  340 
street  &  Blanche  M  Co. . .  .204 
Tacoiua  Coke  &  Iron  Co.  ..260 
Jlnion  Exchequer  G  M  Co. 292 

VortexMCo 234 

Vulcan  M  &,  M  Co 28 

Western  Electric  Light  Co  28 
Western  G  &  S  M  Co 260