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r
St
I
LBQMBAI.
Department of A^riculture^J
tMiscellaoeous puuxj.ua uxumi */
Annual report oA the experimental work of the
Dhulla Agricultural station*
Annaal report on the experimental work of the
Ganeshkhind Botanical station*
Annual report on the experimental work of the
Mirpurkha's Agricultural station*
Annual report on the experimental work of the
Mgnjri Agricultural station and the
Baramati Demonstration station*
Annual report on the experimental work of the
Nadiad agricultural station*
Animal report on the experimental work of the
Poona Agricultural station including
Kirkee civil dairy and Lancwli Agricul-
tural station*
Annaal report on the experimental work of the
Surat Agricultural station*
1906-1907.
& L -
p<
Department of ^grtculturk/lSomfcaij.
ANNUAL, REPORT '
ON THE
EXPERIMENTAL WORK
OF THE
DHULIA AGRICULTURAL STATION
(West Khandesh District,. Deccan)
FOR THE YEAR
1906-1907
BY
F. FLETCHER, M.A., B.Sc, etc.,
Deputy Director of Agriculture,
BOMBAY
PRINTED AT THE GOVERNMENT CENTRAL PRESS
1907
[Price— 4a. or del]
OFFICIAL AGENTS FOR THE SALE OF INDIAN OFFICIAL
PUBLICATIONS.
In England.
E. A. Arnold, 41 k 48, Maddox Street, Bond Street, W v London.
Constable ft Co., 10, Orange Street, Leicester Square, W. 0., London.
Grindlay ft Co* 64, Parliament Street, S. W., London.
Henry S. King ft Co* 65, Cornhill, E. C, London.
P. S. King k Son, 2 & 4, Great Smith Street, Westminster, S.W.,
London. .
Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner k Co., 43, Gerrard Street, Sobo, W.,
London.
B. Quaritch, 11, Grafton Street, New Bond Street, W„ London.
T. Fisher Unwin, 1, Adelphi Terrace, Ixmdon, W. C.
W. Thacker k Co., 2, Creed Lane. London, E. C.
B. H. Blackwell, 50 & 51, Bread Street, Oxford.
Deighton Bell k Co., Cambridge.
On the Continent.
Friedlander ft Sohn, 11, Caristrasse, Berlin.
Rudolf Haupt, Ilalle-a-S., Germany.
Otto Harrassowitz, Leipzig.
Karl W. Hiersemann, Leipzig.
Ernest Leroux, 28, Ru6 Bonaparte, Paris,
Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague.
In India,
Higginbotham ft Co., Madras.
V. Kalyanarama Iyer ft Co., Madras.
P. R. Rama lyar ft Co , Madras.
Thacker, Spink ft Co., Calcutta.
W. Newman ft Co., Calcutta.
S. K. Lahiri & Co., Calcutta.
R. Cambray ft Co., Calcutta.
Thacker ft Co. (Ld.), Bombay.
A. J. Combridge ft Co., Bombay.
Curator, Government Central Book Depot, Bombay.
D. B. Taraporevala, Sons ft Co., Bombay.
Sander Pandurang, Bookseller, etc., Bombay.
Gopal Narayen ft Co.* Booksellers, etc.; Bombay.
N* B Mathur, N. K. H. Press, Allahabad.
department of Agriculture, ttomfeas*
ANNUAL REPORT
ON THK
EXPERIMENTAL WORK
OF THE
DHULIA AGRICULTURAL STATION
tJCJJ
landesh
(West I^handesh District, Deccan)
FOR THE TEAR
1906-1907
BY
F. FLETCHEB, M.A., B.Sc, etc.,
Deputy Vireoior of Agriculture.
BOMBAY
PRINTED AT THE GOVERNMENT CENTRAL PRESS
1007
MAIIUB.
SQ%0
Vernacular names of orops, &o, mentioned in the report with their
Botanical and English equivalents-
Botanical.
English.
Vernacular.
Cereals*
Andropogon sorghum var vulgare ...
Pennisetum typhcideum ••
Triticum sativum
Hordeum vulgare
Arena sativa
Great millet
Bulrush millet
Wheat
Barley
Oats
•••
...
•••
...
Jowar (Mothi, Gudghi,
Chapti, &c).
Bajri.
Cahu (Moondi, Bansi,
Bakshi, Katba, Kempu-
godbi. Ac).
£atu, Jav.
Pukes.
Cajanus indicns
Cicer arietinum
Phaseolus radiatus
••*
Pigeon-pea
Gram
Black gram
Saidi beans
...
Tur.
Harbharo.
Udid.
Oilseed*.
Sesamum indicum
Arachis hypogea
...
Pesamum
Groundnuts
...
Til.
Bhuimu~.
Fibre plants.
Gossypium neglectum
Do. indicum
Do. herbaceura
Do. hirsutum
...
Kbandesh cotton
Hinganghat cotton
Gujarat and Karnatak cotton .
Dharwar-— -American cotton ...
Kapus(.Tari, Va:adi).
Kapus (Eani).
Kap£j (Broach, GogharU
Lalto, Kumpta).
Vilayati-Hatti.
Condiments.
Capsicum fruitcscens
...
Chillies
...
Mircbi.
Sugar.
fc acbharurn officinarum
...
Sugarcane
•••
Us (Gul).
Vegetables.
&olanum melongena
Do. tuberosum
Hibiscus esculentua
t
Brinjal
Potatoes
Edible hibiscus
•••
•••
Vang!.
Batata.
Bhendi.
Fodders.
Modicago sativa
...
Lucerne.
...
Alfalfa, Lasunghas.
B 993— a
£1738100
THE DHULIA
AORICTTLTURAL
1908-07.
STATION,
! Established— 1905 ; North Latitude— 21° 10'; Ea%t Longi-
tude— 7 b° 20'; Elevation— &4A feet above sea level ; Sail — medium
black; Average rainfall — 22 / 40* ; Temperature — maximum 114°
in May ; minimum 36° in January.
Area — 28 J acres.
Superintendent — Mr, Mohoniraj G. Athalye.
Season.
<
m
i
a
• !*■
I ! &
I
December.
v.l
1
I
1 u
1 II
i »/
, „
i
/ H
/ w
/ w
1
/ n
Rainfall (1906-07) „ ...
7 77
5 63
7 19 1 2 24
16
M.
...
... ,032
23 31
Average —
0)
006
390
5 77
3 97
628
119
74
14
15 ' 03
14
22 40
Temperature (1906-07)—
'
1
|
Mean maximum
105°
108°
96°
91°
87°
W
92*
91°
90*
88° ' 88°
97°
...
Mean minimum
67°
71°
71°
70°
67° j 66°
62°
1
66*
47°
i
46° | 40°
1
D6°
...
2. The monsoon began earlier than ususal.
The germination of cotton sown after the first showers was
checked to a certain extent by subsequent continuous and heavy
downpours and the seedlings looked pale. In the first fortnight of
July cotton gained a healthy appearance and gathered vigour. Later
rains much interfered with the interculturing operations. Rains
in August proved very injurious to early sown Bijri inasmuch as
they washed off the inflorescence and left earheads grainless.
The failure of October rains spoiled the grain formation of
Tur and caused a partial loss of the crop.
On the whole the season was favourable to cotton and Jowdr,
but less so to B&jri aud Til and still less to Tur and late Jow&r
varieties.
It was also very favourable to insect life. There were several
generations of harmful cotton pests, root worms and borers, all of
which did considerable damage to the food crops.
B 9*3—1
Manurial Experiments.
3. The chief work of the station is the improvement of the
local cotton. Incidentally a few manurial experiments were made.
These consisted in the treatment of (1) cotton with ammonium
sulphate, farm-yard manure and lime in comparison with no
manure and of (2) wheat with ammonium sulphate and farm-yard
manure separately and with both combined. In the case of cotton
the quantity of farm-yard manure applied was adjusted in such
a way that its cost was kept nearly equal to that of the special
fertilizer.
Thei
■esults
are as below : —
Area.
Variety
of Cotton.
Drill.
Average per Aero.
Number
of plot.
Yield of
Manure applied. ! seed
j cotton.
Value of
produce.
Cost of
cultivation
Net
profit.
2
3a
36
24c
A. g.
30
020
20
10
o0
r-t
1
None ... ...
. Farm-yard manure 7£ tons
Ammonium Sulphate 1 cwt.
Slaked lime 2,100 lbs
Lbs.
740
908
714
406
Rs. a. p.
67 4 4
82 8 9
6114 6
86 14 6
Bs. a. p.
21 9 5
32 10
30 8 2
28 4 6
Its. a. p.
45 10 11
49 J4 9
S3 6 4
8 10
Ammonium sulphate prolongs the vegetative period and so
the late formed bolls remain imperfectly developed and do not
open freely in the succeeding cold season. In the above results
farm-yard manure has shown a decided advantage over ammonium
sulphate, which fact is corroborated in the following results of
wheat experiments : —
Serial
numbci
of
-wheat
plot.
Aria.
1
Variety
of
wheat.
Average per. Acre.
Manure applied.
Number
of
waterings.
Quantity
of w ater.
Yield of
grain.
Stalks
and
chaff.
Value
of
produce.
21
22
23
21
£5
26
A. g.
1
1
1
1
o l
1
i *
i
i
Ammonium Sulphate 1 cwt. ...
Farm-yard manure 5 tons and
Ammonium Sulphate 1 cwt. ...
Farm-yard manure 5 tons
Ammonium Sulphate 1 cwt.
Farm-yard manure 5 tons and
Ammonium Sulphate 1 cwt . ...
Farm-yard manure 5 tons
"1
I
f '
J
\ *
J
C. ft.
{
83,2(0 i
i
I
r
109 120 -J
1
Lbs.
300
335
560
800
840
£80
Lbs.
680
080
880
1,360
1,320
1,400
Rs. a. p.
15 14 5
17 15 9
27 11 9
40 2 2
41 9 7
43 10 8
Rotation Experiments.
4. No permanent rotation series has yet been introduced here.
However the distribution of this year's crops was done in
accordance with local rotations. The results obtained are given
below: — •
Number
of
Area.
plot.
A. g.
2
30
\b
20
12a
10
m
10
12c
10
Hi
1
Hit
1
17m
1
Previous crops.
Jowftr
( i Biijri ...
I ii Gram failed
Bajri ...
Udid ...
Fallow ...
Jowar
Bajri ...
Fallow ...
Average per Acre.
Principal
By
Value of
product.
product.
produce.
Lbs.
Lbs.
Rs. a. p.
740
•••
67 4 4
99S
...
90 8 8
360
188
7 14
104
160
4 12 9
276
376
12 8
680
1,160
33
880
1,800
44 3 2
920
1,880
46 3 2
The results indicate that B^jri is preferable to Jowar as a
preparation for cotton and irrigated wheat and that a dry-crop of
gram can also be more profitably grown after kharif Bdjri than
after Udid.
* The following table shows results of simultaneous rotations of
Udid, Jowdr, Til and Tur :—
Area.
Crop.
Average per Acre.
Plot,
Principal.
Subordinate*
. Seed rate.
Principal
product.
By
product.
Value of
produce.
Cost of
cultivation.
A. tf.
Lbs.
Lbs.
Bs. a. p.
Its. a. p.
14*
2)
Udid ...
Jowar as sprinkling ...
C Udid 6 lbs. ...
C Jowar 2 lbs. ...
412
1,374
480
3,270
V64 15 8
28 12 8
25a
20
Jowar
Udid mixed ... ...
C Jowar 6 lbs. ...
Iudid21bs. ...
1,408
60
5,690
140
jsO 7
28 7 3
256
20
Do.
2 rows of Udid 'after
every 4 rows of Jowar.
fJowdrOlbs ...
\udid 2 lbs. ...
1,274
64
4,860
260
53 9 2
17 8
26.
20
Do.
Alone M
Jowar 8 lbs.
1,302
6,256
54 15 8
19 13 10
24a
080
Til
Tur mixed
(Til 4 lbs.
1 Tur 8 lbs.
468
262
324
J46 10
20 14 4
246
20
Do,
2 rows of Tur after
every 4 rows of Til.
( Til 4 lbs.
(, Tur 8 lbs.
692
72
108
[56 5 4
18 6 4
A mixed crop of Udid with Jowar as a sprinkling appears to
be more productive than any other mixture or Jowar alone, and Til
and Tur in separate rows appears to be better than both grown
mixed.
Cultural Experiments.
5.
Wide and narrow drilling and thinning of cotton were tested
with the following results : —
Plot,
Arci.
I
Crop.
Drill.
Tillage.
Treatment.
Average per Acre.
Percent-
of fibre
to seed
cotton.
Seed
cotton.
Value of
produce.
Cost of
cultivation.
la
4ft
§*
66
A. g.
20
020
020
020
( Khdndcsh cot-}
(.Dhuliaseed.../
( Kh£ndesh cot- )
(Chopdasoed... J
j-21"
1 18"
J18"
1 18"
) Ploughed for
> pre y i o n s
3 grain.
> Harrowed only
Thinned ordi-
narily.
(Thinned to 4"
< In rews.
1. Not thinned.
Lbs.
f 834
I 903
850
842
Be. a. p.
74 14 6
90 8 8
77 4 4
76 8 8
Eg. a. p.
15 16
17 7 2
22 8
18 8 4
871
36*5
40*4
38-8
New Crops.
6. East African Bdjri,. Virginia groundnuts, barley and alfafa
lucerne were the new crops tried this year.
Of these East African B£jri and Virginia groundnuts were
successful and yielded at twice the rate of the local varieties.
The grain of the former is however inferior,' but it is thought
that the variety will be useful for breeding purposes.
Barley and oats were grown under irrigation simultaneously
with wheat on small half guntha plots. The crops took 6 months
and did not mature properly, yielding very poorly.
Saidi beans were grown after Bajri on a small 5 guntha plot.
The seed was sown after wetting the land. Germination was good
and two more waterings were given afterwards. But the crop
after standing 1| months gradually got rusted inspite of the
removal of diseased plants and died away altogether, yielding no
grain.
The four varieties of Turkestan Alfalfa (lucerne) were grown
to test their drought-resisting property, but they were not found
superior to the ordinary variety.
The seeds germinated evenly and plants did well till
September when they showed signs of drying- Afterwards the
crop was irrigated whenever the plants appeared to require it,
care being taken not to supply water unless it was absolutely
necessary to keep them alive. Till November the crop was poor,
but afterwards in the cold season it flourished.
The detailed results are tabulated below :—
Plot.
19
21a
21b
14
Area.
Crop.
A. g. a.
5 Bull ruth millet
35 5
9 5
5
5
Virginia groundnuts
Local groundnuts
Barley ...
Oats
Average per acre.
Principal
product.
Lbs.
2,240
2,157
1428
145
260
product.
Value of
produce.
Lbs.
6,248
4,129
4,501
2,880
1,040
Be. a. p.
68 8
118 11 1
62 12 7
A statement showing dates of sowing and irrigating the crop
of Lucerne is given below : —
Area,
Crop.
Date
of
■ow-
ing.
Data of waterings.
Weight
of crop.
Ho.
12331
Name.
3 ">
let.
2nd.
3rd,
4tb.
5th.
Mb.
7th.
8th.
9th.
10th.
1st.
Bod.
A. g. a.
f
1
1
Lbs.
f W
Lbs.
60
19
1 5«f
{
13999
18391
5-rf
i 3
1
1
S9
I
*
9
§
<*
«*
iH
I
I
I
26
23
57
83
18*36
a
En J
,
I 27
63
Varietal Experiments.
7. Several varieties of Jowar, BAjri, cotton and wheat were
grown for comparison and the results are as follows : —
Area,
Crop.
—
,
Arerage per acre.
Plot
B y product.
Name.
Variety.
l*rincipal
I product.
Value of
-
produce.
Lbs.
SUlk*.
Chaff.
A. g.
Lbs.
Lba.
1U. a. p.
Ua
20)
20 j
Bajri
- f
Nadiad ...
... 814
2,720
•••
34 8
in
Local ...
...! 852
1,710
•»•
30 12 2
10
1
Cottoa
•• •••
Bani
...
27C
•••
...
25 1
15
1
Do.
t«t ...
Comma ..
•••
325 ,
•••
. ..
40 10
36
1
Do*
••• ...
Khandeah
•••
987
•••
...
89 11 8
(
8
Do.
•» •••
Broach ...
•••
80
*••
•••
8
21 }
8
Do.
•• •••
Kumtha
66
...
•••
6 9 7
(
3
Do.
•• •••
Goghari...
...
93
...
•••
9 4 9
26a
20)
20 j
Jowar ,
•• ••• \
Motbi ...
...
1,802
6,840
416
64 15 8
265
Gudghi ...
••»
906
6,120
320
37 12 10
The results of wheat are as under : —
Area.
Name of Wheat.
Number of
waterings.
Average per acre.
Plot.
rv*;« .' Straw and
Gpa,lu 1 chaff.
i
Value of
produce.
A. g.
1
1
1
1
1
Moondi ••
Bakshi •••
Bansi
Katha »•• ••• ...
Kempu ...
6
Lbs.
1,275
560
800
1,120
372
Lbs.
1,800
1,720
1,320
1,760
680
Bs. a. p.
64 6 11
31 14 11
39 14 11
48 9 8
18 4 10
Mothi Jowilr, Kbandesh cotton and Moondi wheat have given
the highest yields.
Ginning Experiments.
8. Several varieties of Indian cottons were also grown — a few
plants of each — to ascertain the percentages of fibre to seed
cotton.
The following are their ginning outturns : —
i Percentage
Percentage
Percentage
So.
Name.
of lint lo
No.
Name.
of lint to
No.
Name.
of lint to
seed cotton.
1
aeed cotton.
jseed cotton.
I
1
Broach
1
i
...j 3203
6
Wagad
27*3
9
Hani
•••
26«6
2
Kumtha
25-0
6
Mathio
29*3
10
Comilla
•••
44-8
3
Goghari
... ! 37*5
7
Jari
30*2
4
Naden
...! 29-6
I
8
Varadi
35-9
9. An experiment consisting of the analysis of a field of
Khdndesh cotton into several types was conducted.
The number of plants found, yield of seed cotton and per*
centage of lint of each of the types are given in the following
table : —
Name of
—• — • :
Name of type.
Arerage per acre.
Percentage
of lint.
cotton
analysed.
Common*
Latin.
Number
of plants*
Yield of
seed cotton.
"5 f
1 Jari a
G. Neglectnm Vera
1,190
Lbs.
30
31-6
P
2 Jari b
G. N. V. Malvensis
200
1J
260
P
f .
3 JTaritf
4 Varadi a
G. N. V. Kathiavarensis ...
G. N. Rosea
5,190
12,860
90
310
28*6
38-7
c
5 Varadi b
G. N. R. Cutcbica
14,320
420
85-7
I
. 6 fiani
G. Indicuui ... ...
190
H
24*3
■1
33,940
852
Varddi is the predominating type forming nearly 80 per cent.
of the crop. Its ginning outturn is also the highest. Nos. 2, 3
and 6 produce cotton worth about 3 per cent, more than the rest
which, however, form the greater part of the mixture owing to
their heavier ginning outturn.
On Crop Breeding.
10. 91 varieties of indigenous cotton drosses were grown, of
which gome were retained and their seed preserved for next season.
The numbers selected and the quantity of seed obtained of
each are as below : —
Number
of crout
Quantity
of teed
from select-
ed boll*
Lbe. oz.
1
ferial
No.
Number
of croat*
Quantity
of teed
from select-
ed boll*.
Lbe. r.z.
O 2J
I
1
Serial
No. ,
- -!
39 ;
Number
of croat.
Quantity
of teed
fiom select-
ed bolLE.
1
1,074
20
1,138
1,161
Lbe. oz.
i
2
1,079
2
21
1,134
2
40 :
3,162
2
8
1,086
o i
22
1,136
2|
41 :
1,168
3*
4
1,089
2
28
1,137
2
42
1,164
i\
5
3,098
li
24
1,140
2
43
1,166
O 1J
6
1,096
8
26
1,141
^
41
1*200
3;'
7
1,097
2
26
1,142
I
45
1,201
11 4
8
1,101
li
27
U48
1
46
1,202
3
9
1,10»
6
28
1,146
1
*7
1,206
o li
10
1,111
5
29
1,146
2i
48
1,206
2
11
1,112
h
80
1,147
2
49
1,228%
\
12
1,118
i
81
1,149
o i
50
1,232?
if
13
1,122
li
32
1,161
o i
51
1,232°
O 1
14
1,125
5
83
1,152
2
52
1,284
o \
15
1,127
2
34
1,154
3i
53
1,235
O 1
16
3,128
2
86
1,167
3f
54
1,293
O 6
37
1,129
1
86
1,158
2
55
1,312
4
18
1,180
i
87
1,159
i
19
1,131
li
38
1,160
o 8
Out of these, Nos. 1096, 1108, 1133 and 1201 produced com-
paratively much finer lint. Nos. 1133 and 1201 were exhibited at
the Surat Exhibition for the superior quality of their fibre.
Across of Dh&rwar American and Varadi from Dh£rw&r station
was grown* Most of the plants were attacked by leaf blight.
Seed from selected bolls of healthy and prolific plants has been
obtained and preserved for next season.
Grosses were also made between rough but dense fibred
Comilla and finer and more prolific Jari and Varddi types, and a
sufficient number of bolls was obtained for sowing next season.
9
On Pests.
11. Last season was particularly favourable for the growth of
insects and other pests. The following are the more important
insects that appeared : —
1
2
3
4
5
6
Common name of
insect.
firin jal 8 tern lorcr .
Cotton leaf hcppcr .
Pii*k boll worm
Cotton bod worm .
Wire worms
Do.
Latin name.
Ln?ioodes Orbonalis
Jas»id» family
Chlorid* Obsoleta ..
Food plant.
Brinjal
Cotton ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Bemcdiei suggested.
.. Picking.
...' Sprayiog with kcrosino
, emnUion.
... Bhendi as t:ap.
Boots of chillies . \ Allow them to col-
Do. of ground-'
nuts.
lect under piecos of
potato placed near
Slants and then
cstroy them.
In addition to the insect pests there were attacks of fungoid
diseases.
American cottons — both annual and perennial — suffered much
from rust, while the crop of Saidi beans totally succumbed to rust,
though the diseased plants were removed as they appeared.
Some damage was done to the cotton crop by wilt.
Irrigational.
12. These experiments. were conducted on several varieties of
wheat with the object of determining the quantity of irrigation
required to produce the heaviest crop.
The results are given in the following statement. It will be
seen that the produce of wheat grain has varied in many cases
according to the quantity of water and that later waterings
produced distinct effects on produce. Moondi has yielded highest
for each particular amount of irrigation.
b 993—2
10
Xcof
water-
ing*
Quantity
of wator
in oabtc
feci.
91,424
64960
47,010
16,800
Mooodi wheat.
Bakahi wheat
Yield per acre*
Yield per aero.
Grain.
Lbs,
1,275
1,200
605
881
> Ptraw and i
chaff, i
Value of
produce.
Lb*.
1,800
1,280
1,330
720
Ea^a. p.
61 6 11
58 9 8
83 8
80 2 11
Grain.
Lbs.
560
440
147
192
Straw and
chaff.
Lbt.
1,7?0
1,880
860
560
Value cf
prodncft
Hi. a. p.
31 14 31
24 11 9
10 15 *
10 13 2
- - - —
1
1
1
Bansi wheat
No of 'Q°» ntt *y
cater-
ings.
of wator
in oubic
feet.
Yield per acre.
- - - Value of
Straw produce.
Grain.
and !
chaff. '
Lbs.
Lbs.
Rs. a. p.
5
91,424
800
1,820
39 14 11
4
64,960
695
840 33 2 6
3
47,040
389
640 , 10 6 4
1
16,800
277
020
14 3 2
KUhaw
Yield per acre.
heat.
Ke:npu Godi.
Value of
produce.
Yield per acre.
1 Straw
Grain. | and
j chaff.
Value of
produce.
Grain.
Straw
and
chaff.
Lbs.
1,120
702
4G1
463
Lbs.
1,760
1,240
680
610
Rs. a. p.
53 9 8
31 4 4
21 13 7
21 11 11
Lbs,
872
192
185
175
Lbs.
630
460
420
320
Rs. a. p.
18 4 10
10 o
9 8
8 9 7
New Implements.
13. The only new implement that received trial was a farm-
made winnower.
The machine is economically useful only when there are do
natural winds or when these are uncertain. It can winnow about
3,000 lbs. of grain in a day of 9 hours costing per day 8 to
12 annas.
Experiments made off the Station.
14. The sugarcane crop near Chalisgaon belonging to Mr.
Garud was treated with the following nitrogenous fertilizers, viz.,
ammonium sulphate and sodium nitrate singly as well as in com-
bination with different quantities of farm-yard manure.
The special manures were applied in two doses — one before and
the other after the first rainfall.
11
The results are tabulated in the following statement*
Field
No.
Plot
No.
,1
Area.
Manure applied per acre.
Acre.
r
i
I
Gun-
thas.
Farm-yrird
manure.
Chemical
manure.
Nitre
gen gup-
plied in
manure
p?raere.
I
10 1 100 Cart loads .' Nil
t
10 j 60
10 75
io i loo
Lbs.
..1
Do.
Do.
Do.
400
400
10 ! 100 Cartloads. 400
...J 400
... 400
10
80
Do.
10
73
Do.
10
100
Do.
Lbs.
300
282
ill **!
^ 382
I*
342
102
..)
Hi »
3X>
Outturn of
OuL
Value of
Qui per
acre.
Per
plot.
Per
acre.
Lbs.
Lbs.
Rs. a. p.
0724
3,890
307 15 4
1,6394
6,638
525 8 1
1.496*
5,996
473 14 3
229
916
72 8 8
1.037)
4,160
328 8 8
861
3,456
273 » 7
465
1.860
149 14 2
318}
1,275
100 15
liemarkf.
Like last year Am-
monium Sulphate
has apparently
acted as preventive
against white ants;
for plot 1 was con-
siderably damaged
by white ants and
the rest were free.
There was no attack
of white ants in
any of these four
plots.
Farm-yard manure
Ammonium Sulphate
Sodium Nitrate ...
Poona %
September 1907,
.}
... *5 per cent. Nitrogro.
... 20* „ ,$
... Mr5 ..
F. FLETCHER,
Deputy Director of Agriculture.
BOMBAY: IK1NTKD AT THK GOVEBNMBXT CENTEAL TRESS.
\y
i! jsrr 15*937
i: ty u u u
H&jpartnunt of ^gricutntrti /^gmfaag.
ANNUAL REPORT^
ON THE
EXPERIMENTAL WORK
OF THE
GANESHKHIND BOTANICAL STATION
, (Poona District, Deccan)
m i
FOR THE YEAR
1906-1907
BY
G. A GAV1MIE, F.LS, etc.,
Economic Botanist.
\
BOMBAY
PRINTED AT THE GOVERNMENT CENTRAL PRESS
1907
[Price — 5a. or 6d.]
c r: *>
151937
xti /Uo\
Mtpwcimtnt of &grfntltttr^ /Bon xbag.
ANNUAL. REPORT^
ON THE
EXPERIMENTAL WORK
OF THE
OANESHKHIND BOTANICAL STATION
, (Poona District, Deccan)
FOR THE YEAR
1906-1907
BY
G. A GAV1MIE, F.LS, etc.,
Economic Botanist.
BOMBAY
PB1NTED AT THE GOVERNMENT CENTRAL PRESS
1907
[Price — 5a. or 6d.]
THE GANESHKHIND BOTANICAL STATION,
1908-1907.
Re-established— 1904; North latitude— 16° 30'; East longi.
ude — 75° 50'; Elevation— 1,850 foet above sea level; Soil —
eddish alluvial deep loam and medium black ; Average
'ainfall — 32 inches; Temperature— maximum 109° in May,
nainimum 45° in January.
Area — 80 acres.
Curator — Mr. G. B. Patwardhan.
i
i
a
.2?
=3
i
/ n
i
|
|
!
V5
i
5
i
J;
fa
i
3
£
, „
/ H
' "
Rainfall (1900*1907)
3 31
...
8 73
4 GO
3 98
1 5-2
4J
2 05
1
...
is
3
25 85
Average
85
131
60?
8 53
4 77
1 3J
ft 13
tt
31 ,
ul
10
t2
31 92
Temperature (10084907)—
Mean maximum
! 10J a
101°
S3
82°
82°
82°
C0°
80°
S0° •
87*
00°
C6 #
Mean minimum
! of
!
7r
72«
-
0J o
67°
CJ°
5s°
55°
f»3°
*s
01 B
...
History.
2. The Botanical Garden at Ganeshkhind was established
in 1873 and attached to it was a smaller garden at Hivra in the
Junnar taluka. The principal object of these gardens was to
supply the Medical Department with drugs.
In 1872-1873 the outturn of the garden included 700 lbs. of
senna, 1,300 lbs. of henbane, and 1,036 lbs. of dandelion.
In the same year experiments were made with various artifi-
cial manures — nitro-phosphate, citrate, dissolved bones, nitrate of
soda, hop manure and superphosphate.
In 1873-1874 experiments were made with European artificial
manures, but the result was not satisfactory. It was proved that
silt from the drains of the Poona City is a valuable manure, at least
equal for one year's crop to dung from oil-cake-fed cattle.
B 9S9— 1
Experiments were also being made in the cultivation of oork-
oak trees, but they ultimately proved unsuccessful. Experiments
were also made on the growth of fibre for paper.
In 1874-1875 the area under tillage was 67 acres, 7 of which
were watered. It was ascertained that prickly-pear made a
valuable manure if it was left to rot in a cistern, through which
the water of an irrigation channel was led. A fairly successful
attempt was made to grow vanilla. Flax was also grown of fair .
quality, but of excessive dearness.
In 1875-1876 the most important new introductions were
Balsamocarpon brevifolium — a plant yielding pods useful in
tanning, and the Iiberian coffee. Cereal crops were raised with
a view to selecting the seed.
In 1876-1877 experiments in the production of tasar silk were
continued.
In 1877-1878 experiments were carried on with mahogany
trees, the seed of which had been sent from Kew Gardens and
planted in 1874. The trees could be established if well watered
during the first two years.
The blue gum tree (Eucalyptus globulus) was found to thrive
well for 4 or 5 years and then to die off. Cinchona died in the
hot season if planted out. Taraxacum was grown with success.
The tasar silk experiments were not satisfactory.
In 1878-1879 it was decided by Government that the Gardens
should be constituted the recognized chief botanic* gardens of the
Presidency, and that arrangements should be made for forming
in them as complete a collection as possible of the local plants
of Western India, a herbarium of which was to be kept perma-
nently on the spot along with a selected library of diagrams and
botanical works of reference. Botanical teaching was begun at
the end of February 1879 by means of lectures at the Gardens
and at the College of Science and Deccan College.
Experiments with Nankin cotton showed that it could not
be profitably grown in the Deccan.
In 1879-1880 a room was partially fitted as a herbarium.
Experiments with the thornless prickly-pear, a favourite food,
when skinned, for cattle, showed that it grows freely as a fence.
The yield of the forage grass (Euchlcena luxurians) seemed
nearly the same as that of Guinea grass. A crop sown in November
and cut in April gave 16 tons per acre of green forage at one
3
rutting. Experiments with lucerne grass seemed to prove the
French variety superior to the acclimatised. The plant was quite
is vigorous, the stalk was more delicate and the seed was only
ialf the weight.
In 1380-1881 a number of full grown specimens of Albizzia
procera, which had been transplanted in the cold season of 1878-
1879, showed satisfactory results.
In 1881-1882 a mangosteen plant from Singapore died from
cold in November. Potatoes received from the Secretary of
State grew surprisingly well. In May # 1882 the oarob tree
yielded a crop of fully 30 pounds weight of pods, the greater part
of which were equal in size to the imported pods.
The herbarium building was altered and repaired and numer-
ous specimens were added.
Experiments were made in collecting the India rubber-yield-
ing milky sap of the Cryptostegia grandiflora, a beautiful climber.
As the plants could not bear tapping more than twice a year, the
yearly acre outturn would be 24 pounds of coutohouc.
(Extract Gazetteer.)
Season.
3. The south-west monsoon was satisfactory and the cold
weather fall was less than what is usually expected. An excess
of rain fell in the hot weather, 3*31 inches being registered during
the month of April. The total rainfall recorded in the gauge
was 25*85 inches.
Distribution of Soils.
4. The river Mula forms the northern boundary of the Garden,
and the plots lying on -its bank — 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, lower part of 15.
and 16 — are composed of a great depth of reddish alluvial loam
deposited by the successive annual floods. This is an ideal soil
for tho growth of a great variety of trees and other plants many
of which refused to grow on the black soil. A large quantity of
this soil is also used for mixing in flower beds, and it is found
that vegetables can only be successfully grown on black soil after
a heavy admixture of this alluvium. The plot marked " Banana "
on the right is very lotf-lying and is often deeply flooded. It is
now utilized for the growth of jute. Plots No. 14 and the upper
parts of 15, 16 are of very inferior murum soil, and attempts are
being made to use the worst patches for the cultivation of fodder
grasses and fibre plants. The remainder of the Garden is inter-
4
mediate black soil, ranging in depth from 2 feet upwards,
becoming deeper to the northward.
Indigenous Trees and Shrubs.
5. Specimen plants in Botanical Section No. 7 are doing
well, with the exception of a certain number which are intolerant
of drought, and these have been transferred to more suitable
positions in the Garden.
Rubber Experiments.
6. Ceara. — The average increment in girth of the first set of
trees planted in July 1903 is 1*27 inches and that of the second set
planted in August 1904, 3 inches in the 12 months under report.
The heights of these vary from about 16 feet to 30 feet. The
following table shows the progressive increments : —
Year.
First set
Second set.
Height.
1904-1905
1905-1906
1906-1907
Ft. inches
4 9
5 2-5
Height.
Girth.
Ft.
2
6
Inches.
- 1-25
2-5
3
In July a plot of about half an acre was selected and planted
with 392 seedlicgs, 6 by 6 feet apart. These are making satisfactory
progress without irrigation, and a glance at the plot would convince
one regarding the irregularity of growth in height of the Ceara
rubber plant in general. The plants here vary from 2 feet to
8 feet in height and some of the best are equal in girth to 3-year
old plants in plot No. 11. The majority of our plants have been
transplanted into the plot and we find that the check caused by
this method retards growth in the plants for a considerable time.
We find that by sowing filed seeds in situ no retardation of
growth occurs in the first year and the plants are not so suscep-
tible to drought. This is an important factor in the cultivation
of Ceara in the Dacoan, because in black soil it is exceedingly
intolerant of long-continued moisture. During spells of cold nights
the leading shoots often die ; on recovering, the plants throw out
forked branches, thus marring their symmetry. In order to
arrive quickly at some definite conclusion regarding the advisa-
bility or otherwise of extending the cultivation of Ceara in the
Deccan and Karnatak we have distributed seeds to Agricultural
Teachers in all Training Colleges and also to Head Masters of High
Schools and to a few others interested in agricultural experiments
who have promised to furnish periodical reports on the results
attained by them*
7. Cryptostegia grandiflora. — A sample of this rubber was
forwarded to the Imperial Institute in order that its quality
and commercial value should be ascertained. The report received
runs as follows : —
" The sample weighed about 13 ounces and consisted of a large porous lump
of rubber which had been formed apparently by the aggregation of thin sheets
and scrap. It was dark coloured, slightly sticky, and contained a considerable
quanitity of vegetable and mineral impurities. The rubber exhibited very
fair elasticity end tenacity.
Results of examination*
''The rubber was examined in the Scientific and Technical Department of
the Imperial Institute and found to have the following percentage composi*
tion : —
Moisture ... ... ... 3*6
Caoutchouc (true rubber) ... ... 64*3
Resin ... ... ... 10-1
Albuminoid matter ... ... 7*9
Insoluble matter (including ash) ... 14*1
Ash ... ... ... 8-22
" The percentages of resin and albuminoid matter are both -a little high, but
the chief defect of the rubber is the presence of the large amount of insoluble
matter consisting of vegetable and mineral impurities. The presence of
mineral impurity points to the contamination of the rubber, possibly the scrap
rubber present in the sample, by contact with the soil, and precautions should
be taken to avoid this in future. The percentage of caoutchouc is rather low,
but this is chiefly due to the excessive amount of the impurities contained in
the present sample.
" Two specimens of the rubber of Cryptostegia grandiflora from India were
examined at the Imperial Institute in 1903. A specimen forwarded by the
Secretary of the Agri- Horticultural Society, Teynampett, Madras, was
analysed and the dry material was found to contain 7*9 per cent, of resin and
2*6 per cent, of insoluble impurity. A second sample from Jalaun, which was
rather inferior in physical characters, contained 9 percent, of resin and 6*5 per
cent, of insoluble impurity. Both these specimens therefore contained less resin
and insoluble impurity than the present sample from Bombay. The amount
of resin in the rubber varies with the age of the plants, a large percentage being
present in the product frcm young vines.
Commercial valuation.
"A sample of the rubber was submitted for valuation to brokers who
reported that it was rather sticky and slightly heated and would be worth
3*. 6d. per pound in London at the present time. For comparison with this
6
valuation it may be stated that the current vsilue of fine hard Fara from
South America (the market standard for price) was 5*. 4i. per pound.
Conclusions and recommendations.
" The investigation has shown that this sample of the rubber of Crgptostegia
grandiflora from Bombay is of very fair quality, and there is little doubt that
the carefully prepared product would sell readily in the market at remunerative
prices. The elimination of the vegetable and mineral impurities would consi-
derably improve the quality of the rubber.
<c In view of the statement that large supplies of this rubber are available
it is suggested that a trial consignment of one or two hundredweights should be
prepared and forwarded to the Imperial Institute for sale in London so that
its commercial value can be definitely ascertained."
8. Gastilloa elastica. — After another year's experience and
observation this plant has proved to be absolutely unsuitable for
the Deecan and, in company with Hevea brazilienm, it is simply
grown under shelter as a natural curiosity.
9. The plants of Funtumia elastica referred to in last year's
report under the synonym of Kickxia africana are in perfect
health. Their growth is now remarkably slow and this is said to
be a characteristic of the plant. Conflicting reports are published
on the value of the rubber produced by this plant, but the general
concensus of opinion in India seems to be that the plant is not
worth growing.
10. Fiou8 elastica. — We have one young specimen, and the
following interesting information was received from the Reporter
on Economic Products to the Government of India, on a sample
of rubher produced by the parent of this plant in the Empress
Gardens, which is approximately 20 years old. It is gratifying
to hear that this Assam rubber plant, which would thrive
admirably in the Konkan near rivers, produces a rubher more
valuable than that collected in its native country.
" Here are some figures of the proportion of resin to caoutchouc in the
latex of Ficus elastica grown in Java : —
Soebang, 36 years old
Buitenzorg, 15 „
» 19 »
Tjiandjoer, 9 „
Tjipetir, 9 „
Blitar, 6 „
„ 12 •, .i.
Resin. (
3aoutcko
... 49
95-1
... 8-8
91-7
... 6-1
939
... 8-9
911
... 9'3
90-7
... 20-9
79-1
... 181
86-9
Lingasana, 7 (?) years old
12(?) „
Moga, 8
12
Simpar, 9
12
Begin. 1
Catch.
5-9
94-1
5-3
947
13-1
869
11-5
88*5
170
830
130
870
12-4
87«
13 „
<? These places are ananged in increasing altitude above sea level : the author
showing by them that altitude increases the resin, but you see from them how
age decreases it.
" I am trying to get materials for working this out in India.
" Your rubber contains much less resin than the trees of the Government
plantation of Assam."
11. The following rubber samples were collected and are
exhibited in the Garden Museum : —
Manihot Glaziovii (Ceara rubber).
Hevea braziliensis (Para rubber).
Castilloa elastica (Central American rubber).
Cryptostegia grandiflora.
Ficus elastica (India rubber).
Fibre Experiments.
12. Jttte. — This was tried on two plots— the first situated on
high ground and heavily manured with poudrette and the other
on low unmanured ground inundated twice during the con-
tinuance of the crop. The seed was received from the Director
of Agriculture, Bengal, and the cultivation and extraction of the
fibre was conducted under the advice of a Mahomeden jute
expert cultivator from Bengal.^ The results of the trial are given
in the table below. Early sowing was considered an important
factor in the cultivation of the crop and the current year's experi-
ments are arranged accordingly. No final opinion can of course
be arrived at through one year's experience but the trial seemed
worthy of repetition. A preliminary note on the cultivation
of jute wa3 drawn up from instructions given and carried by the
expert and embodying the experience of its cultivation at the
Poona, Mdnjri, Bassein and Lanowli Stations and subsequently
corrected by Mr. Finlow, Jute Expert to the Government of
Eastern Bengal and Assam, and is placed on record for future
guidance. It is given below : —
Note on the cultivation of Jute in the Deccan.
Soil and situation. — The medium black soil of the Decean on moderately
Ugh ground is excellent ; that at the Ganeshkhind Botanical Gardnes is
s
typioal. The alluvial (red) soil formed of the debris washed from the western
hill ranges is also suitable. Sandy soils of Bassein and its vicinity are also
good, provided they are on high level ground. Small stones lying about on
the surface will not be harmful and even stones of the size of an ordinary
lemon will not matter at all. In all cases level ground so situated as to
ensure good drainage should always be selected. [Climatic influences have
also to be taken into account. — R. S. F.]
"Preparation and manuring. — The land should be well ploughed and
cross-ploughed in Fdlgun (February-March) and the weeds, rubbish, knnda,
etc., collected and destroyed. It should be left open to atmospheric influences
for about 20 to 30 days and in Chaitra (March- April) it should be dressed with
manure. Any ordinary manure such as stable refuse, farm-yard manure, will
do. Poudrette is very good. Costly manures such as oil-cakes are not needed.
It should be broad-casted into the furrows made by the ploughings. The
field should then be levelled and covered over by means of a light maind
or sam&r. The quantity of manure required for any soil would depend
upon its suitability for jute. Best soils require one cart-load per bigha
(25,312 square feet, a little more than half an acre). About 6 cart-loads per
acre are absolutely necessary for inferior soils. [I think many soils would
require more manure than this. Five tons per acre of farm-yard manure is
common. — B. S. F.] A large quantity is said to kill the young jute seedlings
by its tC souring " effect.- [This may hold as regards the Deccan. It is not
quite correct with reference to Bengal. — R. S. F.J It is absolutely necessary
to manure every land, however superior it may happen to be, for no jute will
prosper even in the best lands without a dressing of manure. As a rotation
crop to sugar-cane fields it will answer well, provided it be manured.
Sowing.— In the month of VaishAkh (April-May) the land should be
irrigated thoroughly. In about 4 or 5 days thereafter, the land will have
become sufficiently dry to allow of the working the harrow or a light dantal
with which furrows should be made length-ways and cross-ways. The surfacj
soil at this time should be such that, if crushed between the fingers, it should
not stick to them. The furrows made by the implements in use here (pdbkar,
etc.) are at a distance of 9 inches. The Bengal implement used for this purpose
makes small furrows at a distance of about 2 inches. In the absence of similar
implements the necessity of cross-furrows with such as are locally available is
evident in order to secure an even distribution of seeds. The seed is broad-
casted in these furrows and then covered over by running tha kulav or a
light leveller. The seed rate is 2 \ seers per acre, [6-9 lbs. per acre is the
normal rate. Early sowing is a powerful factor in determining the success of
a crop: Experimental crops in Beh&r sown in July have not been a success
but those sown in March and even as late as May have. Obviously the time
of sowing depends on rainfall or irrigation. — R. S. F.]
"Wending and thinning. — The seed will germinate in 3 or 4 days. In
about a month the seedlings will grow 10-1 \ inches high. The field should
now be weeded and seedlings thinned out. Only the overcrowded plants
should be removed, leaving a space of about 1-1 \ inches round each
plant. Blanks may now be filled by transplanting from the thicker and
crowded portion. At this time the land may be irrigated if deemed necessary.
Generally plants, 9 inches high and above, do not require much watering as
9
they are then capable of obtaining it by their roots. Another thinning when
about 3 feet high 13 needed, and with it weeding should also be done. This
time the plants should be thinned 3 inehes clew, which provides space to grow
to a girth of 4 inches or more. If at this time the soil is cracked, or seems to
want watering, the field may be irrigated. By AshAdh (June-July) they
will be upto 1315 feet. [I think weeding and thinning operations are of
great importance. I think the distance between any two plants should not be
less than 3-4 inches and the final thinning should be done when the plants are
less than 3 feet high. Bather less than 1 foot would be better. I believe
that early thinning is a considerable advantage.— R. 8. F.]
Flooding.— Jute seedlings will not stand flooding when young and will
certainly die if covered br water. When they grow up to about 5 feet high
no harm will be caused by floods which usually soon abate. If the land
selected is likely to be flooded, sowing should be put off till the chance of
inundation is over. [If the plant has reached 5 feet before the flood it will
probably not come to harm if it is inundated even though the water remains
some time. The fibre becomes coarse in the latter case-— R. S. F.]
Flowering*— The jute flowers in Shrivan (July-August). It flowers
simultaneously at this time in all localities. If the sowings are late the plants
will still flower in Shrftvan. Hence it is advisable to obtain the best possible
development of bark tissue before the flowering season by sowing in good
time.
Cutting.— H\xe plants are ready to out for fibre when just about to flower.
[The Burdwan results indicate that a better yield of excellent fibre is obtained
by cutting the plant when the fruits are just set. This also may be tried.—
R. S. F.] They should be cut olose to the ground by means of a
sickle which has small teeth in the bend. The plants should on no account
be pulled out ; thereby the outer skin of the root interferes with the bark at
the time of the bitter's removal. The sticks should now be tied into small
sheaves or bundles, which should be immediately put in standing water* In
no case should the bundles be left to dry or neglected before putting in water.
Retting.— After about one week a trial test should be made to ascertain
whether the bark is ready for removal. For this one stick should be taken out
and held between the thumb and the next two fingers and tightly drawn
between them from top to bottom ; this removes all the eellular matter which
may have undergone complete putrefication. The thick or lower end of the
stalk should now be held in the left hand and attempt should be made to loosen
the bark at the tip; if it has become sufficiently retted, it will come off very
easily. This should now be stripped off by a small jerk or pulL It should
now be stirred or waved in water, by which the undesirable constituents are
washed away, leaving the fibre alone. If the bark is found soft and the fibre
easily washed clear and is white and shining, then the whole lot may be considered
ready to andergo the same treatment. If not, they should be left another day
or two and again tested as before. Every day tests should be taken till it
seems ready. Usually the bundles are ready for manipulation in from 8 to 14
days. Oversteeping weakens the fibre, which crumbles to pieces, and under-
steeping causes it to become hard and dark ; so the utmost attention should be
maintained on the retting process and every day tests should be made. [In
B9S9—2
10
many cases the sticks are allowed to fie in such a way on the ground after
catting that while the leafy tops are exposed most of the stem is hidden.
In this way the leaves are and can be shaken off; the tipper branched portion
of the stem is then cut away and the plant is immersed. They remain
thus until the retting process has commenced in the lower portion after which
the plants are completely immersed. In this way there is even retting
throughout the plant; if the practice is not carried out the softer upper
portion of the plant is often overretted by the time the lower portion is
finished.— E. S. P.]
Extracting fibre. — All the fibre is extracted and washed in the manner
described for the test sticks. The bark on separating from the wood should
never be beaten with a wooden mallet, as is done for the ambddi (Hibiscus
eannabinus) fibre. That spoils the jute fibre. It should only be stirred and
washed in water to extricate all the intervening cellular matter.
Drying. — The wet fibre should be hung on horizontal lengths of bamboos
in the open air for drying. The knots of these bamboos must have been made
smooth. The fibre should not be hung on a string. The bamboo admits of
spreading of the fibres at the points of suspensions, which facilitates
thorough drying, while on the string the fibres are apt to collect into
groups which retard drying 'and blacken the fibre.
Crop on rainfall alone. — Jute can also be grown successfully without
irrigation, provided the ante-monsoon rains in the earlier part of May soak the
soil well after it has been made ready, manured, etc., in the manner described
above. Soon after the seeds should be sown. Subsequent rains in a normal
season do generally fall at the proper times and the crop becomes a success.
Indeed, it was grown this year in the Ganeshkhind Gardens without irrigation
and the showers came on when it was just arranged to irrigate the field, the
plants being then about 4 feet high.
Varieties of jute.—* The following are varieties of jute : —
Dbavla Sunder ... The stalks of this are white.
Kajali ... The stalks are red.
Hatia ... Stalks are brownish green.
Bidda Sunder ... Stalks and leaves are red.
The white-stalked variety is considered to yield the best fibre. [Opinions
differ widely about this in different districts*-— R. S. P.]
The peculiarity of the jute plant seems to be that its full
flowering period commences in August irrespective of the date of
sowing so that to insure a chance of a crop of full height, sowing
must be accomplished by the middle of April at the latest. This
implies the necessity of irrigation until the setting in of the south-
west monsoon. In spite of a considerable fall of rain in the present
season three supplies of irrigation water were also necessary.
Carchorus capsularia, which is probably the true jute plant, grows
normally. But Corchorus olitorius which is a common wild
plant in the Deccan reverts to its unsatisfactory branched and
stunted habit. In procuring the seed for future experiments
11
from Bengal it should be distinctly specified that the seods of
C. capstdaris only are required.
Other fibres tried in comparison are denoted below : —
Plant.
Are* of
experi-
ment
stalks.
Weight
of dry
fibre.
Percent-
fibre to
stalks.
Osttsra
of fibre
per sere.
Vslaepsr
•ere.
Bemsrks.
Jute (Corckorus cap-
Upper plot
Gnutbss.
S*8
Lbs.
1,4X7
Lbe.
36
Lbs.
1-45
Lbs.
609
Be. 76 4ft
Be. 10 4-0
per Bengal
me and.
Iiower plot
W
1,089
31
81
308
Be. 80 QB*
tfpermaand.
Scsbanifcacaleat*
Ml
837
t
8
«M«M
Strsy plsnts collected.
Meeere. Balli Bro-
thers RajtbM It lacks
•tronirth and Is an*
suitable for spinning
and ropennaklng.
Hibiscus (6p.) ... ...
•M
64
4
6-3
-.
...~.
Stalks which had
seeded were takes.
13. Ramie fibre. —Further experiments with this confirm the
conclusion that the soil of the Deocan is unsuitable for this plant
which requires more evenly distributed rainfall and lighter
soil than we have in the west. The soil is probably most in fault
because plants grown in pots in prepared compost thrive fairly
well. Careful irrigation of the plants in the open is useless.
14. Sisal Hemp. — In the ordinary course this plantation
in Plot No. 16 ought to have commenced to pole last year. Few
of the plants show signs even of ordinary vigour, the leaves of
most are curled and dry at the tips. This condition is probably
due to the rank growth of grass around them. All our experi-
ments go to prove that this fibre plant requires as good cultivation
as any other crop if it has to yield a profit. Plants growing under
the shelter of bdbul trees are distinctly superior.
15. Agave. — Last year half-acre plot* of the following were
put out with the idea of ultimately arriving at the approximate
outturn of fibre by area : —
Agave Wightii.
Agave Cantala.
Agave Vera-cruz.
Agave Siaalana.
Furcraaa gigantea.
12
16. Malachra capitata. — This plant, which grows so well
round Bombay during the rains, has after two years 9 trial been
found unsuitable for cultivation in the Deooan owing to its low
and branching habit induced by the lighter rainfall.
17. The following local fibres are now exhibited in the
museum : —
Agave Cantala.
Agave Siealana.
Agave Vera-cruz.
Yucca gloriosa.
Malachra capitata.
Hibiscus panduriformie.
Corchorus capeularis (jute).
Agave WightS.
Furcraa gigantea,
Sanseveira zeylaoica.
Musa textilis (Manilla hemp).
Hibiscus sp.
Sesbania agyptiaca*
18. Cotton. — Special investigations in the botany of the
cotton have been continued. A set of seeds to be grown for iden-
tification were received from the Inspector-General of Agriculture
in India, and a long series of seeds of botanical and commercial
varieties of cottons cultivated in America were received for trial
and identification from Mr. P. J. T^rler of the* Bureau of Plant
Industry, United States Department of Agriculture. Owing to
the satisfactory rainfall during the year under report the whole
of the cotton sample plots were not irrigated. A commencement
was made this year in the estimation of the average yield per
j>lant of every variety grown, and the first results obtained in this
line of enquiry are detailed in the following table : —
T
in
Name.
Bagar Siah ...
„ Bated ...
,, 8iah ...
„ Safed ...
„ Biah ...
„ Safed «•
Deehi, Multan...
Bagar Siah
„ Safed ...
Lalio
Broach „, ...
j!
13
Tol 8.
076
1-8
13
2*3
03
24
1-3
0*7
0-8
6-3
18
30*0
33-8
33*3
33'3
333
33*8
33-3
33-3
33*3
312
8b # A
I*
74
75
76
78
79
80
93
94
95
£6
fc7
Name.
Lalio
Kanvi
Jowar Hatti ...
Mungari... m
Northerns ...
Prodatur „,
Haldia
Bani ... ...
Dhar«r4r, Niinar
Tiffania
Gangri ...
it
s§"°
>%
III
Tolas.
lift
1-8
1*4
0*8
2*8
06
0«5
1*5
1*3
0*8
1-6
26-6
30-7
33*3
333
33*3
33*3
33-3
33-3
333
25*0
33 3
13
*4
O
IS
Id
Name.
I
J*
I*
i
fl
128
««■»
i
i
H
*
i!
98
Cawnpor indigeaoafl
M
u
Tola*.
1-07
931
Daihl. Lahore .- ~ ...
17
Tolas,
0*6
95f
99
Chanda, OoW Weather _
8
8*8
89-8
129
Htawr .- ~ ... ...
U
11
3T6
100
Yerapatti •••
M* —
16
0-1
88*8
130
Deehi IoraUpor ~ -
19
If
98*8
101
Narma m.
«.
•
8-08
88-3
181
Dharwar Dewae — ••*
19
8*8
88*8
102
Deahi, Dehra Gtfnkhtn
IS
0-9
83-3
182
DeatdJoaui _ _ ...
8
1-8
39f
10S
„ Lodhiana
M. ~.
•
1*8
88-8
188
Kapehl ., _ _ _
is
8-8
t*9
104
„ Rawalpindi
••• «..
IS
1*4
33-8
184
Banveoa «~ *.
28
11
38-8
106
Sutra, Molten ...
M. ...
St
1-1
333
189
Deahi. Sadadabad ^ ...
6
1-5
38*8
108
Majh*
_
18
01
33*3
137
Kadir .«_„....
3
06
S9-9
1C7
Deahi, Laborer
•*• ~*
11
Of
33-3
138
Deahi. UnhtHa ... ...
28
0*4 '
33-8
108
„ Hiaaar ...
.~
10
0-7
838
189
Abaepu... M . m M
6
0*8
21-0
109
„ LyaDpur
~* _
14
107
33*3
140
Deahi, AUgarti-. M . ...
14
o-i
38*8
110
„ Malri ...
~. M
19
07
33*3
141
Jalna _ _ „ ...
13
8
83f
111
Wooa ... m«
•
10
1*0
28-0
148
Deahi, Meerat ...
8
0*8
838
112
Deahi, Mahri ...
~. «•
7
1*4
86D
143
Was -. ^ w «.
7
1*08
833
113
Bana .„
... —
17
0-4
830
144
MarwariHo.8..
8
1*1
39-0
114
Ban! m ~
•~ •»
11
ojr
285
145
Deahi MaW No. 1 -. ...
83
0*4
26*0
115
Himari ~. m
81
0-7
28*2
148
* — Ho. 3 ... •••
6
1*8
383
116
Rajgar ~ ...
—
9
0*9
88*4
147
M Mohikbad w ...
9
1*1
33-3
117
SafadKapaa ~
...
12
1*8
833
148
M Bonurally ...
9
1-S
33-8
118
MalviorBani ~.
~
18
1*02
388
160
„ Kalpahar _ «.
9
if
87*6
119
fiftni
M.
11
0-8
30*0
151
„ Monha... ... ...
7
0*6
250
120
Thigalia
...
15
0*8
8if
162
m PBhaipvr _
IS
104
89*0
121
Doihi M .-
~ ~
8
1*9
81*0
168
„ Ialiimnacar _. ...
U
Of
26*0
121a
Deshiootton ~.
...
23
0*3
23-6
164
,, Bhadarpor ... M
12
1-04
40*0
1212
Laaing Angungba
~
14
0-8
88 8
165
M Mandated
18
8-8
38*5
121c
Khilgifi cotton
18
0-8
83-3
1S6
Tlflania ......_•*.
14
80
30*0
12! d
Mirpurkbia ...
~.
12
02
260
167
Deahi, Bareillj M . —
12
16
33*3
12k
Nnjingyan ...
••• ...
14
0*6
83-3
169
„ Babaaopa
4
09
33-3
121/
Barai ... ...
.- ...
8
0-9
333
190
M B«dhia«. m
12
If
883
121j
Deahi ... M .
...
17
0-8
33*3
181
„ Unao ... M . ^
6
1-3
333
122
Mania
... ...
13
0-8
33*9
161a
BboaiKapah ... «.
. 13
10
33-3
123
Mr.Jlollison'tBani
12
1-9
375
162
Pinipat ^
1
2*6
26*0
124
Narma ••• m.
.-
. 4
1-2
250
183
Kapah ... ^
8
0*9
333
125
Deahi, Dehxa Gazikbaa ...
8
28
33*3
184
Deahi Ferospur .«
10
I'd
33*3
126
„ Ladhiana
...
20
1-8
333
168
„ JaJandar
16
1-1
33 3
127
„ Majha ...
»t» • •
18
2-7
342
167
Kathiapak *•• .«
20
15
333
14
©
If
1*
Heme.
lb
I
h
log,
*6
I*
208
Name.
.3
i
H
til
§
1
!i
188
Deihi, Walkot _ ...
17
Tolas.
0*8
833
Wapya «. ... aM ...
9
Tolas.
69
347
189
Won>kapah ...
10
38
88*3
209
We-gale .. „
14
8T
88*09
190
8indhi OottoD No. 1 .*.
18
2*4
38*8
210
Mandalaj - _ ...
88
2*1
317
171
N M Vo,% —
17
0'2
33*8
211
Shan ... m. —i ...
23
0*9
83*3
191
n „ JCapro
12
1*2
838
2U
White ootton, Langan ~
17
2*9
85*0
178
H „ Pilhro
11
1-7
83*8
218
tt Kynima •*.
10
2-3
33 3
174
176
.• - tfPI*' , Bind
Frontier.
Mirwari No. 1 . ~
12
18
2*5
23
883
83'8
214
216
Wa-gale, Notogyir ^
Burma ootton ...
20
11
2*4
16
33-3
28*5
179
M No* 2 ••• •••
12
2-1
38*8
216
„ Mandalay ...
.18
1*8
83*3
177
Deshi United Prorinoes ...
9
2-9
33*8
217
Wa-pya „
10
2-2
33*3
178
„ Allahabad
6
10
26'0
219
w*a«pya »m ... w
22
11
33*3
180
„ Bahalpnr «.
11
102
83*3
220
Wa-bya ..
12
2*6
33-3
181
„ Oawnpore •«
16
1'4
38*3
221
Wani . M ...
13
6-1
83-3
188
„ called Kapis
10
22
33*3
222
Wa-bya ••• ... •* ...
19
13
33*3
188
„ Shirajpur *•
8
2*8
83*8
228
M Myingyan ... . ...
26
1-5
33*3
184
Lalfikn ... .- .-
15
2*0
93-3
226
Kokati . M ...
9
1-6
33*3
186
Hirwani... ••• «
10
1-8
88*3
227
Laslnganganba
23
37
28-0
187
Mathio ... >h ... «•
24
1-4
883
228
Khaki, Bhewbo
13
2*8
333
188
Berkley, Belli Brothers ...
22
1*2
383
229
Pini
24
2*8
38*3
188a
Desk!, Uraballa
28
24
33-3
230
Khaki, iAngan.
13
2*6
33*3
189
Khnmra ...
29
1*2
33*3
231
M Fank Division
23
2*4
33*3
191
Bhnrile ... •*• •»• *—
18
1-04
83'8
232
„ Mynima M , m.
16
2*7
88*3
192
Banwala... .- •••
22
27
833
233
Wani, Allanmyo ...
19
1*3
33*3
198
Braiea soft lint «
16
1*4
33*8
234
„ Moniva
19
1*9
33*3
194
„ coarse lint
20
0-5
81*2
285
„ Budalin , M ...
10
1*8
33*3
195
Haldia ... ... ...
26
1*2
833
236
M Zimbarim
9
1*6
33'3
196
Wotha —
10
11
33*3
237
„ Mynigyan „.
1
60
25*0
197
Nagpor Yellow
23
2*3
44*4
233
Kiti ..
9
2*08
33*3
198
Chin to white ..« •••
21
0-7
34*5
239
Oeehi, Umballa ... ...
21
1*9
333
800
Khong .« m. •-
15
2*0
33*3
240
Narma ... . M M
13
0*9
30*0
201
Deshi Saim
9
l;l
294
241
Abaspur
16
1*0
33*3
201a
Kapas, Jowai
22
1*3
833
242
Deshi Aligarh ... ^ ...
14
107
33-3
2015
Chimpti Khftki
8
10*0
33 3
243
Jalna ... *•• , M ...
17
1*5
333
201c
Kulthang ••• «*
14
2*4
33*3
241
Achena... ..
15
06
25*0
202
Lasingangaba ...
7
21
33«3
245
Meerat, Deshi ... ... ...
19
2*7
33*3
204
Banff ... ... ••• •••
20
3'2
307
246
Waradi
21
1-9
33'3
205
Wapya
15
1-7
33*3
247
Jari ...
23
16
33*3
15
•3
1
si
*l
|
V
|
U
1
h
■i
1*
Name.
fit
Cm
Hame.
1
3#
HI
l!
Tola*.
Tola*
243
Supra •** ...
... ...
to
1*8
38-3
283
Aaron Ha 8* ... _
21
17
883
240
Deehi
~
18
1'6
833
884
Kar ... ... ... ...
27
2*9
847
260
Sindhi cotton .-
... ~
18
1*3
33*3
285
Cbapti Kapah
10
1*6
33-8
251
Bednora ..•
...
If
1*8
33*3
288
Da-fctJntii ~ ...
16
1*4
38*3
252
Deehi Mnttra .«
•M —*
19
l'i
333
287
Aatam No. 88
21
•07
899
268
„ Allahabad
- ...
18
2*01
883
288
Oomlila Khaki... *. ...
16
1*0
88-8
254
M Gamkran
... *~
80
1-8
88-8
289
„ M Bind ... ...
21
11
88*8
266
M Aligartu.
.*• ...
18
0-6
53-3
880
Dbowna... — m. ...
16
1-6
83-8
256
"Aphakia... ...
... ...
10
11
33*3
291
K-tthi .-....«_
11
1*6
88-9
268
Obouipakla ^
- _
9
1-6
33-3
282
Aawm No. 21. ... ~
V
1*9
88*8
259
Delhi, Bakim ...
- -
27
1-6
883
298
Porfjga No* 4 m* _• .«
V
18
88-3
200
Knlpahar ~.
... ...
18
208
33*3
293*
Kheltan ~ „ ...
24
1-3
338
261
Deehi, Bbelo ••«
~ ...
17
1-7
33*3
293c
Chlmtl ... ... _
16
30
83-3
261a
Mr. Moffiwm't Jari type ...
24
14
38*3
293J
Kil -. ... ...
19
2*3
83*3
2616
Bird ...
M. ...
9
16
33-3
293*
Mirpwkhai ... ...
18
2-4
88*3
262
Hlrawani «•
... ~
11
1*1
33*3
29V
Burma ootton ... ...
11
1*2
83-8
263
Mathio ... «.
—
19
11
33 3
294
Dh&rwarAmerican ...
27
1-6
833
264
MothoMathio ...
~
23
1*1
33-8
295
Upland .„ ... —
26
2*5
30-4
265
White cotton ...
M« M.
20
1*1
33*3
299
Jethia ... ... ... ...
25
2*4
339
267
Deahi, Hardoe ...
28
08
83-3
804
Manchan ... m
16
2*6
3V8
268
Khonko ... ...
.-
27
0-9
333
307a
Ban^'American .„
18
11
36*6
269
„ Akao ,..
... .-
22
1-2
33 3
808
Khaki. Lyallpur ... ...
14
2*5
23*5
270
Soru Kapah ...
... -
24
1-4
33'3
309
„ 8ttjabad ... ~
21
1-6
268
271
Bar Kapah
*M •••
11
16
333
310
Hajardaata ... M
20
3*4
297
272
Khunaa ... ...
24
1*4
33*3
812
Jogya
17
22
80-0
273
Bhang — «•
...
14
1*8
333
313
Narma •— „, . m ...
17
82
27*2
274
Kil ,„ ..,
... _
17
19
833
314
PiUKapai ... w ...
16
1*8
37-6
275
Nagpor white •-
t*« «.»
11
2-04
38-3
316
Manwa Khakis
2*
23
28*5
276
M oreamy white
12
2*8
33*3
316
Brown ootton ...
32
1-9
32*0
277
Oomiila „.
•M ...
6
27
33 3
317
Vilajti,Jhanai... _. ...
21
3*3
357
m
„ Bind
... ~.
10
30
338
818
BaniPeela «.
9
4*1
338
279
Ohapti Kapah
... ...
13
31
33*3
819
Narma Khaki ... ^ _
18
5*6
80*0
280
Dhawria m.
— ...
14
3*6
366
820
Vilayti hrown... ^
19
2'5
83-3
281
Khilgiri
9
3-3
33*8
881
„ white . M * M ...
19
2*1
34*3
282
Kil
- -
12
0*7
250
16
19. The results of the special varieties of cotton that are
being experimented with are given below.
Bourbon. — American Cotton No. 2. — A small plot was planted
in July 1905, the plants standing 8 feet apart. The plot is not
irrigated but is sheltered from prevailing winds by a belt of trees.
During the first year the plants did not bolL In 1906 they
started boiling in * October and continued till the end of
May.
Kidney cotton. — American Cotton No. 4. — This was planted
at the same time as and in a plot adjoining that of Bourbon. A
number suffered from lack of sufficient humidity in the atmosphere
in the cold weather. Some, which were sheltered towards the
west, survived and flowered in 1906, but the number of bolls was
low. We are disposed to believe that this variety is not promising
and its requirements of perfect shelter is difficult to satisfy in a
treeless country like the Decoan.
Soft Peruvian. — American Cotton No. 1. — This was also
planted in July 1906. During the first season the plants made fairly
rapid vegetative growth and some of them were distinctly inclin-
ed to form bolls also. In 1906 they flowered and boiled quite satis-
factorily. This tree cotton answers to the definition of a tree
more nearly than any of the four species we have at present.
Some stems attain a girth of 14 inches in one year.
Dhdrwdr-American. — This was tried as an inter-crop between
the lines of oranges in order to suppress the weeds as far as possible.
Two separate lines of this cotton planted in July 1905 were
retained to see whether they would yield well for another season*
These yielded very meagrely the first year, but the results in the
second season showed a great improvement in yield.
Peruvian cotton. — American Cotton No. 3.— Plants put out
in 1905 have not yet flowered. They are grown without irriga-
tion.
Dhdrtcdr- American and OhogdH cotton. — One quarter acre
was sown along with other annuals to ascertain the yield by
area.
Spence cotton. — These were planted in February 1907 and
are under observation. In the Deccan soil these are not distin-
guishable from Bourbon.
17
Prom the following valuation receiyed from Messrs. Tata &
Sons, Bombay, it is very satisfactory to learn that Bourbon and
soft Peruvian, which we consider the varieties of American tree
cottons most suitable for introduction into the Deooan, have been
reported on so favourably. The valuation is based on the quota*
tions ruling on 20th May 1907.
tg Bourbon cotton. — The sample shows too many yellow stains and is very
seedy. The class of the cotton is not satisfactory, but the staple is long and
silky and the fibre shows much strength. We value it at Rs. 270 per Handy
(784 lbs.).
" Dkdnodr and Okogdri cotton. — It is seedy, dirty and stained, and we
can place it in the lowest class, viz., ' good ' (fine, fully good and good). The
staple is mixed and irregular. Price Us. 165 per Handy.
" Oossypium neglectum, No. J S5C— It is stained and can be classed as
'fully good.' The feel is soft and silky and the staple is good. Price
Rs. 240 per Handy.
tf Dkdrwdr- American. Stained and seedy and can be olassed as 'good
fair ' (good, fully good fair, good fair and fair). The cotton is silky and of
good staple. We value it at Re. 250 per Handy.
" We may add that the seeds are removable by proper ginning and the
stains by judicious picking. By removing these two defects you will enhance
the value of the cotton about 5 per cent.
u Bour bon cotton (Bassein sample) .—The sample is Kap6s (cotton with
seed) and not pure cotton. If properly ginned so as to remove all stains,
seeds and unripe fibres, the cotton may fetch about Rs. 290 per Handy of
734 lbs. The fibre is very strong, colour oreamy white and feel soft and silky.
The cotton is good for spinning 40s.
" Soft Peruvian*— Very long-stapled, white, nice cotton, but fibre very
weak. Good for spinning higher counts in combination With other varieties
having strong fibre, of which it would be advisable to make a mixing. Feel
rather harsh, value today (5th July 1907) about 8i. per pound."
Below are tabulated the results of these special varieties of
cottons :—
s we— 8
18
si
r
"85
i
i
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CM S *
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19
Camphor (Cinuamomum Camphora).
20. The following table gives the measurements of girth and
height of the plants :—
Situation of the plant.
PUnttdut
Height
Girth.
Bmmtfci.
Ft. in.
Icchen.
1
Planted in No. 10
1903
3 2
1-5 j
^
Planted in No. 7
1904
2 8
35
Girth— one inch from
ground.
Near office
1906
6
25
i
>
The plant near the office is sheltered and partially shaded by
a Duranta tree on the wept but open on the remaining sides, and
receives an almost regular supply of water from a waste channel.
This plant is very bushy and seems full of vigour.
I have hopes that the camphor plant will thrive well, treated
as a hedge under irrigation, and experiments are being undertaken
with that view. As the plants we have can be propagated only
by layers their numbers are increased very slowly.
Fruit Plantations.
21. Mango€$. — For many years the lack of produce from the
great number of mango trees established in this Harden has been
a disappointing feature. After a long series of observations,
carried over some years, it was decided that the trees were held in
perpetual check by excessive irrigation and the consequent rank
growth of perennial pasture gnasses. It is a well known fact that
young mango trees should be irrigated at short intervals for two
to three years after being planted; when they are thoroughly
established the rainfall of the locality should suffice to carry them
on throughout the year, with the exception perhaps of the flower*
ing period when one good supply of irrigation water should be
given to assist in the formation of the fruit. Grasses should be
systematically cleared away from the plots. The large trees which
Have originated from seedlings in this garden cast sufficient shade
to prevent the undue growth of grass, but grafted plants which
iO
never attain large dimensions do not seem to be able to
smother grass unless very closely planted, when an enormous
redaction in the produce of fruit occurs. After a few ^ears of
careful treatment many plants which were once in a moribund
condition are now strong, healthy trees producing good crops.
Mango trees seldom bear well two years in succession. Last year
the crop was very good, this year it was short, and next year we
expect a good crop again. There are 5 varieties of mangoes grown
on a pretty large scale, the majority being P&iri, the remainder
are Alphonse, Cowasji Patel, Borsha, and a set of large country
mangoes dating from the time of the Peishwas.
22. Pomegranates. — Seven varieties grown from seeds of
specially selected fruits were put out in July 1905. All these are
progressing satisfactorily, many of them already producing frujt.
Some particularly strong individuals fruited in the first year. This
is contrary to the general idea that pomegranates only fruit in four
to five years after germination.
The following varieties are cultivated : —
Poona No. 1. — Fruit surface scarlet,, red strips in the
middle about 1£ inches broad ; basal and apical portions paler,
black dotted all over. Length 3£ inches; circumference 12
inches, 7 -angled. Apex tubular truncate ; base hollow ; peduncle
attached in the hollow. Pericarp tough. Seeds many, attached
to a short funiculus, oblong, slightly tapering at base, 6-angled,
deep scarlet at apex. Taste more astringent and less agreeable
than Poona No. 3. Prult dehiscing on one side only. Weight a
little over one pound.
Poona No. 2. — Fruit 5-angled, split on one side near the
apex. Weight little less than one pound. Apex as Poona No. 1.
Surface dark red spot at one side of the base, pale red above the
spot up to the apex, remaining portion brownish white, dark
spotted on the dark and pale red portions. Length 3£ inches,
circumference 11| inches. Seeds obTong, 5-angled, conical, smaller
and redder than Poona No. 1 ; less pulpy and astringent than
Poona No. 1.
Poona *No. 5.— Fruit weight equal to Poona No. 2.
Surface green yellow with black spots all over. Colour one half
deeper and the other half mixed scarlet. Tube of the calyx
6-lobed. Seeds equal in size and pulp to Poona No. 1, 5-cornered.
Taste more agreeable than Poona Nos. 1 and 2. Pericarp thicker
than Nos. 1 and 2.
21
Sangamner No. 1. — Fruit quite similar in all respeots to
Poona No. 3 except in weight which is a little less.
Sangamner No. 9. — Fruit 6-oornered, scarlet red all over,
deeper towards the extremities. Taste rather inferior to Sangain-
ner No. 1. Calyx tube not conspicuous.
CabuL — Fruit 8-cornered. Integuments thicker than Muscat
Tariety. Colour rather deep red mixed with a little pale yellowish
white. Calyx lobes absent. Base of style distinct and protrud-
ing, haying the shape of an inverted glass. Seeds have a darkish
pulp on them and the taste rather bitter which might have been
due to the fruit being slightly rotten. The fruit was hollow at
the base, the hollows being surrounded by hard rim on the inner
side. Weight one pound. Circumference 11 inches.
. Muscat. — Fruit weight one pound. Length 3 inched.
Circumference 10 inches at bas« and towards the apex 6 inches.
Apex hollow. Calyx lobes deciduous. Base of style distinct.
Surface upper part shining whitish with a red tinge and the
lower reddish. Pericarp stiff and hard. Seeds 5-cornered. Pulp
pale red. The fruit was 8-angled,
The Muscat and Cabul varieties seem plants of dwarf er habit
and have not grown even half so much as the other indigenous
kinds, but at the same time they must be considered as being in
perfectly healthy condition.
23. Custard apples (Anona squamosa) are making compara-
tively slow progress, and the same remark applies to the Bullock s
Heart (Anona reticulata) and Sour Sop (Anona muricata).
24. Oranges and Lemons, etc. — This area has become infested
with kunda grass (Ischtemum pilosum). Attempts have been
made to root it out periodically, and it will take long before the
pest is completely suppressed. In spite of this difficulty, however,
the Nagpur and M<a oranges are progressing very satisfactorily.
Santra, Mosamhi, Kavla, Sakhar Limbu, Citron, Mah&ungi and
other species of citrus have grown fairly well. Citron Thranja
has fruited this year.
Orange de Societe compared with other varieties seems to
lack vigour. Pear la Conte, Orange de calbre blood, Lime Deshi
Kalamba, Citron finger are not adapting themselves to the climate
and conditions. Steps are being taken to replace the few blanks
and to bring the weeds under control.
22
Aakunda grass is killed out by shade Dharwdr- American
cotton was grown between the lines of oranges for one year with
the hope that this would keep the grass down. This year jute
has been thickly grown with the same object after the land had
been ploughed and hand weeded, and it is too early yet to state
whether any benefit accrued. In the course of years the oranges,
limes, etc., will probably kill this noxious weed with their own
shade. Kunda grass and lamia (Cyperus rotundus) are the most
intractable weeds in good black soil in the Deccan* No remedy
except deep digging and hand picking proves effectual, and being
drought-resisting even a long period of dry weather does no harm
to them.
The following varieties are cultivated : —
Citron Turanj.
Citron finger;
lime at Annui.
Lime at Annui kala.
Deshi Kalamba.
Lemon Florida.
Lime GalgaL
Lime Jamberi.
Lime Jamberi, brown.
Lime Kagzi.
Lime Khatta.
Lime Sylhet.
Lime Sweet cbickna.
Lime GalgaL
Lemon Bijori.
Lemon Malta.
Lemon Italian No. 76.
Lemon Edratin de cilabra.
Oranges Nagpur.
Pomeloes from Chimbore (Bom-
bay).
Orange de calabra.
Orange de Soci&e.
Orange de Malta.
Orange Sour Florida.
Feach 9 country, No. 1.
Do. No. 2.
Do. No. 3.
Do. No. 4.
Pear, China.
Pear la conte.
Garden Crops.
25. Potatoes. — Marseilles and Italian potatoes were tried on
small plots in November and the yields calculated came to 2 tons
and i ton per acre respectively. As the areas experimented with
were very small we do not consider these figures reliable and pur-
pose repeating the trials on a larger scale next season.
26. Yarn*.— The following statement shows the varieties
tested with results : —
23
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26
27. Sugarcane. — Mr. Meggitt, the Agricultural Chemist, has
selected a small plot far growing sugarcane with the intention of
personally selecting individual canes by chemical and other
methods for propagation. The results will be reported on in due
course. Very valuable results have been obtained by these
methods in the West Indies and- only experience will prove
whether or not they are suitable for Indian conditions.
Grain Crops.
28. Bhddli. — An enquiry was instituted on the identity of
this crop and seeds were obtained from the chief centres of culti-
vation in the Bombay Presidency. The seed was grown this year
in the Qaneshkhind Botanical Gardens. It was sown about the
middle of June 1906 and ripened too late to be included in last
year's report.
Bhidli is distinguished from the other small millets by the
long drooping rarely erect bristly heads. Some of the latter
are often cylindrical and slightly tapering towards the apex. The/
are divisible into 4 types, roughly recognizable by the—
(1) short or absent bristles. Nasik, Ahmednagar,
Setaria italica, var. 1.
(2) long bristles and crowded branches of the panicle.
Panch Mah&ls. S. italica, var. 2.
(8) purple colour of the head and much laxer branches of
the panicle. Bdrsi and Poona Farm. S. Italics
var. 3.
(4) this is rather distinct from the others and is known by
the more slender heads with yellowish bristles and
the grains (spikelets) arranged in whorls directly
on the slender axis. Setaria glauca. Kdng*
Poona Farm (Batnagiri). Navani, Hangal
(Dterw&r).
The cultivation of Bhddli does not seem to be of any im-
portance. Its distribution in the Presidency is as shown below :—
Acres.
KhAndesh ... ... ... 4,104
Nasik ... ... ... 3,985
Ahmednagar ... ... ... 4,087
Poona .. ... ... 4,728
ShoUpur ,♦. ... ... 404
Paneh Mah&ls ... ... ... 117
Broach .„ .„ if . J65
27
JPanicum pilosum of: Dalzell and Gibson's Bombay Flora
supplement, page 98, is probably No. 2.
JPanicum (?) sp. of Dal?, and Gib/s Bombay Flora supple-
ment, page 98, is probably No. I.
Panicum (?) sp. of Dalz. and Gib/s Bombay Flora supple-
ment, page 98, is probably No: 3.
29. Wheat. — Ten plots making up one aero in all were
sown with wheat in order to test the soil capabilities and suitabi-
lity for an elaborate manurial testing scheme, as also to test the
uniformity of the soil in the different portions of the area selected*
The crop was very poor and the inequalities between the different
plots and between portions of the same plots showed the unsuit-
ability of the soil for suoh experiments and consequently the
soheme was abandoned.
The following report and valuations were received from
Messrs. Ealli Brothers on a number of wheat crosses which have
been evolved during the last few years : —
" We have examined the 113 samples of wheat you sent us and find them
on the whole unsatisfactory. Barring about a dozen samples, amongst which
there are some very good hard yellows and some fairly good soft whites, all
the other samples do not oome in the class of wheat exportable from Bombay
and can only be sold for local consumption.
" Herewith our report on the various samples. What we would have
wished to see is the improvement of standard Bombay qualities, viz* —
Soft white wheat as pure as possible.
Hard yellow wheat as pure as possible.
Hard red Dh&rw&r quality as pure as possible.
u The samples which in our opinion are really very good are Nos. 6, 25, 63,
65, 73, 103, 107, 112. We may further add that the examination of a good
many of the samples was rendered rather difficult through their not having
been freed from their chaff.
Sample No. 1. 11. 36. Khapli + Kildkusal, spikelets broad.
Hard red wheat, of no great value. Quality good.
„ 2. (89a.) Kan grili + Australian 46, very small awns.
Qlossy wheat, good with fairly easy sale.
„ ' 8. Naiski (plot 2).
„ 4. IV. Khapli + Pivla N&ik.
Undesirable*
28
Sample No. 5. 31. Daudkha*i{+ Australian 27. Soft wheat, fairly
good, contains some immature and small grains,
„ 6. Siah Das.
Very good superior hard yellow wheat.
„ 7. 65. Ghaval K4tba + Khapli.
Mixed hard red, quality undesirable,
„ 8. 9. Khapli + PSnsangli.
Good hard red of the Khapli description. Very little
of such quality is exportable and as a rule fetches
a lower price than any other kind of wheat.
„ 9. Dhayak.
„ 10. VI. Pivla Naak + Khapli.
Fairly good hard red.
„ • 11. Surkb.
, 12. 70. Khapli + Cbaval Katha.
Quality undesirable.
„ 13. VI. c Pivla NAsik + Khapli, Extra grains.
14. IX. Pivla Ndsik + Khapli.
15. XII. Pivla Nteik + KAlakusal.
16. VIII. Pivla Ndsik + Khapli.
Hard yellow, not very good quality, being small in
grain.
; , 17. 11. 3 c. Khapli + KAWkusal, spikelets large.
„ 18. 31. Daudkhani + Australian 27.
•Undesirable.
„ ' 19. Dhayak. 2nd sample of the same name.
„ 20. Saiok.
A mixed quality of soft and glossy wheat, immature,
. . small.
f} 21* VI. A. Pivla Nrisik + Khapli. Short, congested.
, „ 22. XII. Pivla Ndsik + KdUkusal.
Inferior hard yellow.
„ 23. 40. Katha Nagpore + Khapli.
Mixed hard red and glossy, of a difficult sale*
„ 24. LX. Pivla NAsik + Khapli.
Sample
No. 25.
1. Australian 28/32 + Australian 27, 8 grains.
Very good.
>>
26.
61. K&tha Baroda + Khapli.
>>
27.
62. Khapli + Katha Baroda.
Fairly good hard red.
}
28.
111. Khapli + Pansingli.
•9
29.
Surkh Kosha.
Undesirable.
l» ♦
30.
81. Khapli + Shet of PSrner.
It
31.
Pansdngli 4- K&Ukusal.
Very good.
V
82.
VII. Pivla Nfaik + Khapli.
Hard yellow, of fairly good quality, might be im-
proved.
:>
38.
61. KAtha Baroda + Khapli.
Undesirable.
'9
34.
63. Pissikhaberia 4- Khapli.
*)
35.
11. 1 A. Khapli + KAWkusal, short head.
»
36.
21. Khapli + Wheat of Parner.
Bather small, hard red, of not very good quality.
H
37.
89. a. Bangrih + Australian 46.
White glossy, of very good quality.
J'
38.
1.' K*l*knsal + Khapli.
Good hard yellow.
V
39.
Naishki, plot 2.
' Altogether undesirable.
)»
40.
Bolani.
Altogether undesirable.
»
41.
IX. A. Pivla Nasik + Khapli, head short.
»
42.
11 2 a. Khapli + Kattkusa), long heads.
Ji
43.
VIH. Pivla Nasik + Khapli.
Good hard yellow.
-'5
44.
Kallah.
Fairly good white Mnndi.
t)
45.
42. Kempu Godhi + Khapli.
Although the grains are very small the appearance :
rather good.
"
46.
Mundi white + Australian 84, long awns.
Good white Mundi.
Sample
No.
47.
V
48.
V
49.
:)
50.
51.
52.
80
KtiaGandam.
Undesirable.
9. Khapli + Ptfarfngli.
3 o. Khapli + K&l&kusal, spikelets large.
2 b. Khapli + KtfUkusal, hairy head.
8 a. Khapli + Kdttkasal.
L Khapli + KdUkueal.
Undesirable.
53. Safed + Chali
Undesirable.
54. 69. Khapli + Hansia Broach.
Inferior hard red.
55. 11 3 b. Khapli + KiMknsal, spikelets broad.
Inferior hard red.
56. Ill a. KhapU 4- KdUkusal.
57. Ill c. Khapli + Ptastngli. Head congested.
68. 74. Khapli + Pissikhabeiia.
59. Ill a. Khapli 4- PKnsfagli. Head short.
60. 76. Khapli + Sudhe of Rahuri.
61. 8. Pansdngli + Khapli.
62. 71. Khapli + Pivla Khdndesh.
63. 50. Hybrid N&gpur 4- Muzafarnagar.
Soft wheat. Had the grains been slightly bolder, the
quality would be very good indeed.
64. XI. A. Daudkhani 4- Khapli Extra grain.
65. 30. Shet of Pdrner + Khapli. .
Hard yellow, containing some proportion of spotted
grains. Quality good on the whole.
66. 75. Khapli + Lfl pissi.
67. IX. b. Pivla N<sik + Khapli. Extra grains.
68. VI. b. Kvla NAsik + Khapli. Headlong.
69. 24. Khapli + Howrah Ntfgpur.
70. 111. b. Khapli 4- PAns&ngli. Head hairy.
71. XI. b. DaudhkhAni 4- Khapli. Congested heads.
72. 11. 1. b. Khapli 4- Kdldkusal. Long head.
73. Australian. 28/32 22.
White Mundi. Very good quality.
74. Hansia Broach.
Soft white wheat mixed with some hard yellow.
Cannot be sold by itself in Europe.
81
Sample No. 75. 18. DeshiAthnL
Soft red fairly good, not easily saleable in Europe,
„ 76. Koni of Jhelum.
Hard yellow, good in appeaiaaoe but rery email and
the grains are under-fed.
„ 77. DaudkhJni. Damon.
Far from perfect, soft. Just passable.
„ 78. Mundi of Ludhiana.
79. DaudkhdniA.
Soft wheat ; good, bat grains are too small.
80. Chaval KAtha. BhandAra.
White, mixed with soft and hard yellow.
81. Australian. 1/24.
„ 82. Australian. 84/26.
„ 83. Jowaria. Damoh.
Small round grains and unsaleable in Europe; may
find some demand for local consumption.
„ 84. KvlaBotka. B4glan, NAsik.
„ 85. Australian 56/32.
Small round grains and unsaleable in Europe ; may find
some demand for local consumption.
„ 86. Safed of Hoshi&rpur.
Small hard yellow with shrivelled and glossy grains.
,, 87. Rangrih of Kangra.
Small hard yellow with shrivelled and glossy grains.
„ 88. Qhoni of Silhet.
Small yellow, containing too many dead grains,
undesirable.
„ 89. Kopergaon wheat.
Hard yellow, of very good quality.
90. Bansi BAlAghAt.
Hard yellow, good.
„ 91. Australian 13/32. 21.
White Mundi, good.
92. Australian 29/82— 23.
Soft white, containing too largo a percentage of
shrivelled and small grains.
„ 93. Australian 46/81.
Spotted white Mundi, not very good.
„ 94. Dandan of Multan.
Bound wheat, would only be used for local consumption.
S3
Sample No. 95. Australian 26/28.
Very good, soft white wheat.
„ 96. Dodi of Muzafargarh.
Undesirable.
» 97. Australian 27/29.
„ 98. Australian 20/20—20.
White glossy, grains are rather small.
„ 99. Pivla Pote, Malegaon.
Undesirable.
„ 100. Australian 3/20-19.
Undesirable.
„ 101. Daudkhdni 0.
„ 102. Paman Sirsa.
Soft white, fairly good.
„ 103. Kdlakusal wheat.
Very good, hard yellow.
„ 104. Buddha wheat.
Soft red, of a good quality.
„ 105. L£l of Batala.
Soft red, rather small.
„ 106. Red Deshi of Audh.
Soft red, rather small.
„ 107. Potia, Nadiad.
Very good, soft red.
,, 108. Malaya, Belgaum.
Spotted red, of difficult sale.
„ 109. Safed of Amritsar.
Soft white, good quality but rather small.
„ 110. Dadhak, Amritsar.
Hard yellow, good quality.
„ 111. Black awnei Athni.
Hard red, quality good.
„ 112. Farner wheal;, obtained at the Nagar Show, 1905.
Very good, hard yellow.
„ 113. Shu tar D&ndam.
Undesirable.
" Nob. 1, 7, 13, 14, 17, 21, 24, 26, 27, 28, 30, 34, 35, 41, 42, 48, 50, 61,
56, 57, 58, 60, 61, 62, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 72 and 101 are all hard red wheat,
rendered inferior by an admixture of what is called Khapli wheat, and would
only be sold on the spot for local consumption.
88
" All the numbers on which we fcave net reported represent wheat of a
decidedly inferior quality/'
Grass Experiment!.
30. Panicum bulbosum. — Sinoe last year this is standing in a
small plot. It seems a perennial grass. It is barely able to
survive drought and eannot be eat at intervals to furnish a regular
supply of fodder in summer. The grass propagates easily by its
bulbs wbich strike root very readily and it may ultimately prove
to be a good grazing grass but probably not superior to many
indigenous ones. Further tests as to its feeding value, etc., ean be
undertaken only whe* it is propagated on a larger scale so as to
ensure a seed supply for an extended area.
31. Italian rye grass, perennial rye grass, Dactylu glomerata,
fettuca elatior, Phleum pratense. — These were sown in separate
beds but all failed to germinate.
Silo.
32. A pit of 1 ,000 cubic feet capacity was dug in ordinary soil
in the gardens to test the value of ensilage of a large quantity of
coarse grass. The quantity placed in the pit in September was
26,821 lbs. On being opened in the month of March the yield of
cattle feed weighing 20,000 lbs. was abstracted at the rate of 500
lbs. per day until finished. The Superintendent of the Kirkee
Civil Dairy reports that the cattle ate it readily and that the
peculiar strong smell passed away quickly on exposure to air,
leaving the smell of half dried hay. Arrangements have been
pade this year for the preparations of 6 siloes in murum ground
m order to permanently maintain the experiment on a larger scale.
Trial with new Plants.
33. The followin^plants have been introduced into tho
Gardens for trial :—
Vitis gigantea. | Billbergia decora.
Vitis latifolia. J Aechmea f ulgens.
Schimatoglottis crispata. j Aechmea sp.
Maranta Binote. Karatus spectabilis.
Mussaenda luteola.
AusBmia rotundif olia.
Dieffenbachia Jenmani.
Scutellaria discolor.
Amomum "magnificum.
Carugata lingulata.
Cryptanthus acaulis.
Pkssiflora Watsoniana.
Buddlela diversifolia.
Caccalia carnosa.
34.
Strobilanthus colorata.
Hernia myrtifolia.
Psederia f oetida
Gymnema tingene. *
Peristrophe angustifolia.
Eranthemum sp.
Capparis zeylanica.
Sikkim orange.
Tight skinned orange.
Loose skinned orange.
Coffea stenophylla.
Hemerocallii flava.
Tibochina semidecandra.
Salvia Betheli.
Qumquat (Citrus japonica).
Amndo conspicua.
Lemon grass.
Morsea iridioides.
Persian rose.
Rose Leschenanltii.
Dierama pulcherrima.
Romneya Coulteri.
Echeveria glauca.
Aloe horrida.
Mulberry.
Oenothera Lamarckii.
Spiny-leaved Purcrea
Agave vivipara.
Impatiene repens.
Holboellia latifolia.
Asystasia eoromandeliana.
Asystasia violaoea.
Billbergia speciosa.
Do. raalanthus.
Do. vittata.
Do. pyramidalis.
Do. porteana.
Yucca glorioea.
Awyllis Belladonna.
Crinum Moorei.
Galtonia candieana.
Abutilon sp.
Berrya Ammomilla.
Marogogipe Coffee.
Cinnamomam zeylanicum.
Carica Candamariensis.
Abutilon pale pink.
Tacsonia tubuliflora (pink).
„ „ (white).
Miscellaneous.
34. The following Economic products were sent to the Agri-
cultural Chemist for examination and report as to their oil-bearing
properties. The results of his examination run thus : —
1. Andropogon Schcenanthus. — Just before flowering.
Yielded about "5 per cent, of oil.
2. Andropogon Schcenanthus. — After flowering.
Yielded about - 5 per cent, of oil ; showing that the stage
of flowering is probably not of donsequence.
3. Andropogon montanm.
Yielded nothing.
4. Andropogon odoratus. —Leaves and flowers.
Yielded *25 per cent, of oil.
5. Roots of Cyperus rotundus from Lanowli.
Yielded no oil by distillation with steam, but of course
might give it by other methods.
85
Owing to want of apparatus the quantities dealt with wore
far too small but arrangements are being made for a larger installa-
tion during the coming season, as the subject of perfume-yielding
plants has not received the attention it deserves in India.
35. Musewn. — The collection now consists of 500 species
of sample seeds, 500 samples of cottons and about 1,000 mis-
cellaneous Economic Products including fibres, rubbers, gums,
etc*
G. A. GAMMIE,
Poona, Economic Botanist.
August 1907.
BOMBAY: PRINTED AT TUB GOVKBNM1LNT O.NTRAL PKKSS.
fstpt^
**»**im»m of asrtfMlwwJ Asombaj
^-^VKCTAIi REPORT '
ON THE
EXPERIMENTAL WORK
OP THE
MIBPPKKHA'S AGBICULTUBAL S
CTliar and Pi rka r District, Sind)
FOR THE YEAR
1OO6-1907
BY
Gr ' & ^^^SON, N.D.A., N.D.D., E xc,
eCOn<i deputy Director, Sind.
.^.rr-" AT THE £££,
CENTRAL PRESS
1907
[Price— 8a. or 3d.]
OFFICIAL AGENTS FOR THE SALE* OF INDIAN OFFICIAL
PUBLICATIONS.
In England.
E. A. Arnold, 41 ft 48, Maddox Street, Bond Street, W., London.
Constable ft Co., 10, Orange Street, Leicester Square, W. G. f London.
Grindlay ft Co* 64, Parliament Street, S. W., London.
Henry S. King ft Co., 65, Cornhill, E. C., London.
P. S. King ft Son, 2 ft 4, Great Smith Street, Westminster, S.W.,
London.
Xegan Paul, Trench, Trnbner ft Co., 43, Gerrard Street, Soho, W.,
London.
B. Quaritch, 11, Grafton Street, New Bond Street, W., London.
T. Fisher Unwin, 1, Adelphi Terrace, London, W. C.
W. Thacker ft Co., 2, Creed Lane, London, E. C.
B. H. Blackwell, 50 & 51, Broad Street; Oxford.
Deighton Bell ft Co., Cambridge.
On the Continent.
Friedlander ft Sohn, 11, Carlstrasse, Berlin.
Rudolf Hanpt, Ilalle-a-S., Germany.
Otto Harrassowits, Leipzig.
Earl W. Hiersemann, Leipzig.
Ernest Leroux, 28, Ru6 Bonaparte, Paris.
Martinus Nqhoff, The Hague.
In India.
Higginbotham ft Co., Madras.
V. Kalyanarama Iyer ft Co., Madras.
P. R- Rama Iyar ft Co , Madras.
Thacker, Spink ft Co., Calcutta.
W. Newman ft Co., Calcutta.
S. K. Lahiri ft Co., Calcutta.
R. Cambray ft Co., Calcutta.
Thacker ft Co. (Ld.), Bombay.
A. J. Combridge ft Co., Bombay.
Curator, Government Central Book Depot, Bombay
D. B. TaraporevaJa, Sons ft Co., Bombay.
Sunder Fandurang, Bookseller, etc., Bombay.
Gopal Narayen ft Co., Booksellers, etc., Bombay.
N. B. Mathur, BT. K. H. Brass, Allahabad.
department of agriculture, Komfeas*
♦
ANNUAL REPORT
ON THK
EXPERIMENTAL WORK
OF THB
MIRPURKHA'S AGRICULTURAL STATION
(Thar and P&rkar District, Sind)
FOR THK YEAR
1906-1907
BY
G. S. HENDEKSON, N.D.A., N.D.D., etc.,
Second Deputy Director, Simd.
BOMBAY
PRINTED AT THE GOVERNMENT CENTRAL PRESS
T007
Vernacular names of orops, &o., mentioned In the report with their
Botanical and English equivalent*
Botanica 1 .
English.
Vernacular.
Cereals.
Andropogon sorghum tar. vulgare
Pennisetum ty phoideu m
Triticnm yulgare
Zea mays
Pulses.
Csjanos indicua
Oicer arietinuin
Lens escalenta
Oil-seeds.
Araclns hypogea
Lhrom usitatissimura
Seeamom indicum
Fibres.
Gossypium barbadeuse
Dot hirsutum
Do. neglectuin
Do. arboreum
Corehoras oapsalaris
Crotolaria junoea
Sugars.
Saehharum officinarum .
Miscellaneous.
Phoenix sibrestris
Trigonclla fccnum groecum
Great millet
Bull-rush millet
Wheat
Maize
Pigeon pea
Gram
Lentil
Saidi beans
Groundnuts
linseed
..) Jowar (ChapU, Naroli).
.. Bajri.
.. Gahtu
I
... Tur
... Chant*
... Masur.
; Bhuimug.
Alahi.
Til, Tlr.
Egyptian and Sea Island Cotton. Abbassi, Yanovitch, kc.
American Cotton ... Vilayati Kapis.
Sindhi Cotton ... Sindhi Kapas.
Tree Cotton .. i Derkapas.
Jute ... Jute.
Bombay hemp ... San.
Sugarcane
Date palm
Egyptian clover
Fenugreek
Sherdi (Product Gar),
Khajuri.
Berseein.
Methi.
B9$7
THE
AGRICULTURAL 8T?ATI0H,
1906-07.
sea level
/tire — maximum 116° in May, minimum 42° in February.
Area — 62 acres.
Superintendrnt—Mr. S. B. Mahli, M.R.A.C.
1
i
J
$
►»
\
(
i
*
1
1
i
1
•
1
Rainfall (1906.1907) -
060
OSS
S S7
S15
-
~
•••
1 18
OSS
7 68
Along*
-
8
66 I 198
119
198: ...
... S
10
I 8 \ OSS
68f
TempemtuPB <l90WJfJ>-
'
i
]
1
i
Xean m^wtmmn
100 #
109*
io#* ; loo*
94*
90° ! 99*>
98*
88
8S*
78* 8T
•m
Mean ninimimi •«•
70°
79»
81 # | 81 #
i
80*
79° ! 78 #
i
84*
66*
65*
66*
84*
...
2. This Station was started in October 1904 and has con-
sequently now been in operation for nearly 3 years. The results
for the year under report have not been very satisfactory chiefly
owing to the causes mentioned in the report for this Station for
the year 1905-06.
3. The land is typical of much of the perennially irrigated
country in Sind, where the land, naturally a high class alluvium
soil, contains alkali patches which are said to be increasing under
irrigation. The same phenomenon is widely prevalent in the
United States of America. Irrigation sets up capillary action
with the highly salt impregnated subsoil layers, with the result
that the alkali is transferred to the surface layer.
4. The Station i3 laid off in 1 acre plots for each of which a
separate cultivation sheet is kept. The plots, however, are useless
for the purposes of comparative tests, as most of them contain
Kalar or alkali patches on which no germination can take place.
It will probably be advisable in the future to group the plots into
larger areas.
For these reasons also, manurial experiments especially those
with artificial fertilisers are at present of little value for comparison.
2
5. The neighbouring Zemindirs were inclined to criticise the
Station management owing to the amount of labour expended in
preparatory cultivation for the different crops. An effort will be
made in future to keep cultivation charges, etc-, within the range
of the ordinary cultivator. With a knowledge of the soil and
with proper use of water all the cultivation operations can be done
cheaply and efficiently with native implements.
Season.
6. The season under report was as usual marked by hot winds
from April to June. They have an adverse effect on all vege
tion, especially on Egyptian cotton. The leaves wilt up and all
growth seems to stop for some weeks ; it is then that the plai
fall an easy prey to the white ants. It also seems to have con-
siderable delaying effect on the time of flowering and consequently
of harvesting.
Experiments with Fibre Crops.
7. Bgpptian Cotton. — The yields of the cotton plots are as
follows : —
No.
of
plot.
Area.
Variety of cotton.
Time of
sowing.
1
Manure,
Nurcbcr
of
waterings.
Yield per
acre.
17
A. g.
1
Abbassi ... ...
March ...
6 tons lime
10
Lbs.
C77
18
1
JLsO* ••• ••• •••
Do* •••
Nil
35
442
20
1
Do
April ...
4 tons lime ...
13
457
21
1
Do.
March ...
Nil
12
355
29
38
Do ,
April ...
4 tons lime and 1
ton bone-meaL
15
158
30
38
Do* ••• ...
Do. ...
4 tons lime ...
15
383
84
1
Dd. seed grown in Sind.
Do. ...
Do.
15
345
37
1
Do« .•• ••• •••
Do. ...
4 tons lime and 1
ton bone-meal.
15
590
25
Yanovitch
Do. ...
Nil
13
272
These results are not particularly good, though still profit-
able on the average yield at a price of Us. 14 per roaund of
80 lbs. If the land were uniformly "sweet" and proper care
were taken of the sowing, there is no reason why an average of
1,000 lbs. per acre might not be expected. "
8
8. Upland American Cotton$.~ Thirty varieties were grown
at the Station ; from these the following eight have been selected
for extended trial : —
i. — Texas long staple.
ii. — Smith's Improved.
iii. — Truitt.
iv.— Tata's Allen Hybrid.
v.— W. A. Cook.
vi. — Henderson Black,
vii. — Boyd's Prolific,
viii. — Texas Big Boll.
9. Sea Inland Cotton. — Five varieties were grown last
season but did not seem suitable for the land*
10. Local Sindhi Cotton*— Two plots were grown of which
the earlier sown did well and gave a yield of 988 lbs. of seed
cotton per acre ; its value however is only about Rs. 5 per maund
of 80 lbs.
11. Tree Cottons. — Seven varieties were sown in a small
plot of good land but do not appear to be suitable for the soil
and climate of Sind.
12. Jute and San. — The jute was not successful, yielding
a small crop and poor fibre. San which is grown locally is much
more resistant and will grow where jute will not germinate.
The fibre is however not of much value. It is probable that
hemp would be more successful than jute. It will be tried on the
Station.
Cereal Crops.
13. Wheat. — The following statement gives the results of
the wheat varieties grown at the Station : —
No.
of
Area.
Variety.
Month
of
sowing.
Number
of
water-
ings.
H arrest.
Yield per aero.
Valuation.
plot.
April ...
Do. ...
Do. •••
Do. ...
Do. ...
March •
Do. ...
Grain.
Straw.
8
10
15
19
23
36
Acre.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Punjab, Red ...
Sindbi, Bed ...
biidhi, White ...
Nandero
Do«
Bobak
1 Delhi, White ...
December.
Do. ...
Norember.
December
Do. ...
November.
October ...
2
2
3
1
8
2
8
Lbs.
335
730
670
480
1,050
54*
1,520
Lbs.
635
1,220
1,700
840
1,952
845
2,130
Quality poor,
rust.
Do.
Bs. 4-2-6 per
cwt.
» 4-3-0 „
Do,
Do.
1 Do.
The valuation was made by Messrs, Sanday Patrick & Co. of
Kardchi.
Bust was exceptionally bad during this season and yields all
round were very poor. Consequently the above crops are very
satisfactory. On the Station the red wheat suffered the most but
that was owing more to the condition of the plots on which they
were sown.
14. Bdjri. — Nine acres were sown with B&jri ; the yields
per acre were very varying depending on the amount of Kalar in
each plot. Natal Bdjri was tried against the local variety with
indefinite results. The best yield per acre was 623 lbs. of grain
in plot 31.
A small quantity of Bullrush millet was sown and the result
is very promising. The yield was 750 lbs. of grain per acre.
This crop attracted the attention of many cultivators and there was
a big demand for the seed. It will be tried on a larger scale this
year.
15. Jowdri. — Chapti Jowrfr and Naroli from Africa were
both sown. All plots were however destroyed by the borer.
16. Maize. — One acre was sown with Jawnpur maize. The
yield was 613 lbs. grain which was satisfactory. Twelve other
varieties of maize were grown for observation.
Experiments with other Crops.
17. Tur. — One plot was sown in July on a ^ood piece of land ;
it came up splendidly and gave a dense mass of foliage about 8 feet
high so thick that the pods could not be gathered till the crop was
cut in February. The yield of grain was 1,624 lbs. per acre.
There is however no market for this in Sind but it is being fed to
the cattle with excellent results. It is being grown this year to
test its value as a fodder crop and its effect on the soil.
18. JSerseem or Egyptian Clover. — This crop is particularly
suited for rabi cultivation in Sind and is the most valuable
fodder crop that can be grown on perennially irrigated lands.
It requires great care in the first stages of its growth and
is not tolerant of a large amount of alkali. Seed for Sind
is this year being obtained from the northern coast lands of
Egypt where the conditions of soil more nearly resemble those of
Sind. Six plots were sown at the Station in December. This
was probably two months too late and the seed was of poor quality;
consequently the yield suffered. Some of the plots had a nice
thick growth by February and there is no doubt that a large part
of the Station is suitable for the growth of berseem.
19. Groundnuts. — Several varieties of groundnuts grown at
the Station did not prove successful, the physical texture of the
soil not being suited for their growth.
20. Sugarcane. — One acre was sown with Sets. It grew
well all through and was much remarked on by visitors. Fart
was made into Gur and part sold for seed at Rs. 10 per A acre.
On cutting the cane it was found that much of it was attacked by
the borer. From 1 guntha cut and weighed 2,680 lbs. cane were
obtained yielding 335 lbs. Gur.
21. Among other crops Saidi Beans, Gram, Russian Linseed,
Til, Fenugreek and Lentils were tried but all did badly. They
are all unsuitable for growing on alkali land.
Date-palms.
22i. Thirteen varieties of date-palms, in all 803 plants, were
planted at the Station. The Station has not a typical date-palm
soil but on the whole the plants that are left are beginning to
show signs of growth. Some were planted on alkali land and
have died. One hundred and forty plants in all have been
removed as dead.
Cross Breeding.
23. Breeding operations in cotton and wheat are being
continued but it is still too early for any definite results to be
shown.
Mirpurkhds, ) G. S. HENDERSON,
August 1907. ( Second Deputy Director of Agriculture,
80HBAT: FWHTBD AT THK QOVJOUaflBfT CWTJUL FJMGB9.
y
<g If VJ U u — {,
&VPti
department of agriraltttttf/ttomfeas*
ANNUAL REPORT ^
OK THK
EXPERIMENTAL WORK
OF THB
mAnjbi agricultural station
AKDTHB
bArAmati demonstration station
(Poona District, Poccan)
FOR THK YEAR
1906-1907
BY
p FI^BTCHER, M.A., B.Sc, etc., ktc,
Ag. Profit* or oj 'Agriculture.
BO MBA Y
A T THE UOVEBNMENT CKNTRAL PRE8B
PB I*T*» l8oT
[Price— .5(i. or fid.'}.
OTOCIAL A0ENT8 FOR THE SALE OF INDIAN OFFICIAL
PUBLICATIONS.
In England.
E. A, Anold f 41 ft 4S, Haddox Street, Bond Street, W., London.
Constable ft Co., 10, Orange Street, Leicester Square, W. 0., London
Grindlay ft Co., 64, Parliament Street, S. W., London.
Henry 8. King ft Co., 65, Cornhill, E. a, London,
P. S, King ft Son, 2 ft 4, Great Smith Street, Westminster, S.W.,
London.
Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner ft Co., 43, Gerraid Street, Soho, W.,
London.
B. Qnaritch, 11, Grafton Street, New Bond Street, W„ London.
T. Fisher Unwin, 1, Adelphi Terrace, London, W. C.
W. Thacker ft Co., 2, ( 'reed Lane- London, E. C.
B. H. Blackwell, 50 & 51, Kroad Street, Oxford.
Brighton Bell ft Co., Cambridge.
On the Continent.
Friedlander ft Sohn, 11, Carlstrasse, Berlin.
Rudolf Haupt, Halle-a-S., Germany.
Otto Harrassowitz, Leipzig.
Earl W. Hiersemann, Leipzig
Ernest Leronx, 28, Rue Bonaparte, Pari?.
Martinns Ntfhoff, The Hague.
In India,
Higginbotham ft Co., Madras.
V. Ealyanarama Iyer ft Co., Madras.
P. R. Rama Iyar ft Co , Madras.
Thacker, Spink ft Co., Calcutta.
W. Newman & Co., Calcutta.
S. E. Lahiri & Co., Calcutta.
R. Cambray ft Co., Calcutta.
Thacker ft Co. (Ld.), Bombay.
A. J. Combridge ft Co., Bombay.
Curator, Government Central Book Depot, Bombay.
D. B. Taraporevala, Sons & Co., Bombay.
Sander Pandarang, Bookseller, etc., Bombay.
CrOpal Narayen ft Co., Booksellers, etc., Bombay.
N. B. Mathur, N. K. H. Press, Allahabad.
Department of agriculture, ttombafi.
ANNCAIi REPORT
ON THE
EXPERIMENTAL WORK
OF THB
MANJRI AGRICULTURAL STATION
AND THB
bArAmati demonstration station
(Poona District, Deccan)
FOR THB TEAR
J 906-1907
BY
F. FLETCHER, M.A., B.Sc, etc., etc.,
Ag. Profissor of Agriculture.
BOMBAY
PRINTED AT THE GOVERNMENT CENTRAL PRB88
1907
Vernacular names of Crops, fto., mentioned in the report and their
Botanical and English equivalents.
Botanical.
Gossypium herbaceum
Corchorus Capsularis
Crotolaria juncea
Sugar.
Sachharum officinarum
Condiments*
Curcuma longa
Vegetables.
Cereals.
AndropcgOD sorghum van vulgare...
Do. vaiv cernuum.
Pennisetum typhoideum
Triticam sativum
Do. speltum
Oryaa aativa
Elusine corocana
Paspalum scrobiculatum
Panicum miliaceum
Do. italicum
Hordeum vulgar©
A vena saliva
Zeamays
8orghum sachharatum
Pulses.
Cajanos indicus
Cicer arietiuum
Phaseolus mungo
Bo. radiatas
Do. aconitifolius
Dolichos catiang
Do. lablab
Do- biflorous
Pisum sativum
Latnyrua sativus
Ervum lens
Oil-seeds.
Arachis hypogea
Linum usitatissimum
Carthamus tinctorius
Fibres.
English.
Great millet
Bo.
Bull rush millet
Wheat
Spelt
Rice, Paddy
Muma millet
Kodra millet
Common millet
Italian millet
Barley
Oats
Sorghum
Pigeon pea
Oram
Green gram
Black gram
Kidney bean
Cow pea
Indian bean
Horsegram
Pea
Jarosse
Lentil
Groundnuts
Linseed
Safflower
. Cotton
Jute
Bombay hemp
Sugarcane
Turmeric
Ipomsea batatas
Phaseolus vulgaris
•*•
•••
Sweet potato
Fieldbean
Ratalu.
Shravan Ghevda.
Fodders.
Medicago sativa
...
Lucerne ...
Lasun ghas.
Vernacular.
Jowir (ehaptt Sbolapuri,
J GMgap,Miva,Ac,).
.. ttandhla.
I Bairi
.; Gahn (KaJakvsal).
i Khapli.
I Bhat (Ambemohor, Dodka,
! Kamod).
NachanL
Kodra.
Sava, Vari.
Rala.
Jav.
Vat
Maka.
Amber, Collier (exotic).
Tur.
Harbhara.
Mug.
Udid.
Math.
ChavlL
V4L
Kulith.
Vatana.
Lakh.
Masur.
Bhuimug.
Java*.
Kardai.
KApus (Broach, Kumpta).
San.
Us (Product Gul).
Halad.
B 1059— a
I— THE MA'NJRI AGRICULTURAL 8TATION,
190647.
E$tabli*hed—\&d±; North Latitude— 1ST 82'; East Longi-
tude 74° V; Elevation— 1,860 feet above sea level; Soil—
medium black and light tnurum ; Average rainfall — 16 inohee ;
Temperature — ™»Tiwinm 109" in May, minimum 46° in January.
Area — 62 J acres.
Superintendent— Mx. Hari Krishna Dandekar.
s
i
*
i
!
i
|
il
i
i
o
•
t
i
BainfallQOOOOT) «, -
7M
SM
247
100
o
000
ooo
10 90
Avuage _ _ _
110
110
400
140
8 f
01
on
10 00
Tcmpw»tni» (1100 07)—
Man msimwft _
lor
101*
~
Me«»lni»am ...
or
ir
?r
rr
or
•r
00»
or
or
or
or
01*
...
*«<«.-Thet«Bp«tai
dsteftviUafcfe
Dtarol
lor Poo
MSB
flttoff
. Tfc»
mlnfeJ
IftTWI
ffoUf
orO ji
■n m
dy for
vnJcfc
I.— History and Aim of the Station.
2. This Station owes its beginning to the difficulties that were
experienced in carrying out the sugarcane experiments at Poona.
Up to 1894 sugarcane experiments were carried at Poona. When
it became necessary for sanitary reasons to discontinue these
experiments there, a tract of fi. acres was leased at M&njri 8 miles
from Poona on the Poona-Shol£pur road, in the heart of the sugar-
cane growing tract, watered by the Mutha Bight Bank Canal.
In 1895. 13 acres were purchased including the 9 acres already
leased* In 1902. 81 adjoining acres were purchased. In 1905,
an additional area of 17 acres was purchased.
8. This Station has from the very beginning had for its main
line of work experiments connected with the cultivation of sugar-
cane ; and the best methods of utilizing when under irrigation the
b 1069-1
shallow soil areas found so frequently alternated with a better
class of soil throughout the Deocan. It is a very representative
tract of the region.
4. The following lines of experiments for sugarcane were
suggested : —
(1) To study the more economic system of manuring
cane.
(2) To ascertain the most profitable way in which bone-
manure can be used.
(3) To test the various methods of cultivation.
(4) To acclimatize newly imported varieties of sugar-
cane from Mauritius.
(5) To compare sugar sorghums with cane as sugar
producers.
Questions 2 and 5 have been quite thoroughly settled.
Question 4 has been carried on for 13 years. During the
year under report attention was maidly given to question No. 1.
11/— Area and Character of the Soil.
5. M^njri Station consists of four Survey Nos^61 to 64
inclusive, a total area of 62 acres 10 gunthas. Of this area 2 L
acres 38 gunthas are deep black soil, 6 acres light soil and 1 acre
31 gunthas rooky or nrnrm&d soil. The new and old buildings and
the ndla occupy about 8 acres.
III.— Plotting.
6. For the convenience of experiments the whole area of the
Station was permanently plotted this year into five series, leaving
a space between each series. Each series was then divided into
square one acre fields and the end portions of the series and near
the canal were left as irregulars* Each one acre field was then
divided into four 10 guntha plots. In all the whole area was
divided into 45 one acre fields and 8 irregular fields.
IV.— Lines of Work.
7. Manure experiments to test potash and phosphoric acid
requirements for sugarcane and the trial of mineral manures
compared -with cake and poudrette as top-dressing, water
demonstration plots, varieties for distribution that were carried
on last year with new cane are carried on this year with
ratoon cane.
Varieties of make, B&jri, Jow4r and sweet potatoes were
grown for testing, selection and distribution.
Growing of irrigated cotton, was continued. Various crops
were grown for study of their cultivation, as fieldbeans, Kulthi,
Math, Mug, Udid, N&ohani, Kodra, Siva, Van, B&la, paddy,
barley, oats, Khapli, peas, gram, Lang, Masur, and Tur.
V.— Meteorology.
8. The season was on the whole a favourable one. There
wore no ante-monsoon showers; the preparation of the fields was
therefore difficult. On the 7th and 8th of June it rained 3 inches
60 cents. The work of sowing was continued from 19th of June
to the 4th of July. The crops were looking well till the end of
July. In the first fortnight of August only 2 cents of rain was
recorded. The Station crops were therefore irrigated. . But in the
second fortnight of August 2 inches 46 cents fell which saved all
the crops. The whole of October was without rain. The rabi
crops had therefore to be sown under irrigation. Although the
total amount of rain was only equal to that of the last year, it
was better distributed for the kharif season, in the year under
report
VI— Area planted to different Crops.
9. The statement below shows the area cropped and the
purpose of each crop : —
Field
No.
Khari erop*
Area.
PQipOM.
Rabi erop.
Area.
rurpose.
Bemarsm,
A.g.
A.g.
1
Fieldbeans ~.
Kulthi «.
10
10
1
}Barley ...
020
iTo study the
mostprofttable
Hath -
Mug
10
10
To ■todr the most
profitable cteofthc
light entrant eoil>
of the irrigated re-
[Oats
020
use of the
light mwrum
soils of the
2
Udid
10
Khapli ...
Olo
( irrigated regi-
■ ons of the
Nachanl _
10
' gionsofthe Deocan
Also selection of seed
Peas
10
Kodra ...
10
Oram local ...
10
Deocan. Also
Sta
10
and methods of cul-
tivation.
Oram Kabuli
10
selection of
seed and me-
3
Vari
10
Masnr —
010
thods of eul«
Bala
010
;
Lang _
10
j tiration.
3*4
Bog&rcsne ...
30
Eiperiment* in bar-
resting and boiling.
...
Do.
30
Study of the sj stem ol
planting and oultrfa-
•.•m
...
•— -
A
Do.
18
For distribution
......
...
......
B,5to8
Do..
4
Manorial experiments ,
.....
...
......
9
Do.
1
Water experiments ...
...
......
10
Bajri
020
Comparison and seed
selection,
English peas.
20
New crop.
10 All
Cotton
30
To test ratoon cotton
nnder irrigation.
Flsld
Mo.
Kheriferop,
Area.
A.g.
Purpose*
Rett erop,
Area.
Purpose.
—
A.g
11 All
Bfijrl -
180
Comparison and seed
vNB ...
080
)
oolsotlon.
Manor _
Lang m.
080
080
V Seed selection.
IS
Cnsrll lid
Mate.
1
rodder ~ .~ ~
Wheat _
1
Selection of eeed
and distribution.
14
Cotton
080
To tost the growing of
title type of cotton on
the light soU.
iw.m
—
14*16
Bejri ~
110
ISced oeleetJon and
f equalising the land.
•MM*
...
IW'<
16 to 86
Jowar
10
16
Do. -
1
To demonstrate the
adrantagee of tillage.
•*•«••
...
—
n
Sugarcane «•
1
farther test of the
Mauritius rariety.
-
—
ae
Do. _
1
To test the most profit-
able eete for pbnttng.
•"•
•••—
so
Sweet potMoM
1
Oomnariaon of the
▼erfetUe and raising
esttings for dlstribu-
skm
8too>oftheemmratton
of this erop ss rotation
—
...
80
Tor
1 o
•M«M
-
—
-
crop*
tl
Maiac _
1
1
SB
Sorghum ...
1
1 Seed selection and dle-
Wheat ~
8
Peed selection and
88
Sundhia
1
f trthotion,
distribution.
64
Maise
1
J
Linsssd —
060
For fibre
Fibre was not
extracted si
the plant* h»4
branched too
much.
Semower ^
010
8eed (election.
16*16
Cotton •••
8
To asotrtain the beet
time for planting
Gujarat cotton.
mm
m
~~
67*68
Sugarcane ...
8
To aeeertain the best
rotation for sngmreane
iuthoDeooan,
••••••
...
•— ~
86
Cotton
080
Do. M
•*..*•
M.
M*«M
Ban for fibre ~
080
Do. ~
*M —
•M
40
Lucerne
1
To aseertain the eorreet
quantity of water re-
quired for lucerne.
...
-•"•
41
Groundnuts —
080
To ascertain the beet
rotation for sugarcane
in the Deocan.
M..M
...
......
Bin green
080
Do.
••••«•
•M
......
manure.
48
Bare fallow ...
080
Do.
• ••.*•
...
—.-
Cotton
080
Do,
.M
...
......
46
Tor
0-80
Do.
»*•••*
Cotton
080
Do.
......
...
••••««
44
Jowar
1
To ascertain the quan-
tity of water required
for Jowar.
■*"* *
""
*••***
Not undertakes
this year as
the gwxs ***
not ready*
46
Rlee varieties...
080
For comparative test ...
Jval
080
To ascertain the
Mot carried OQ
Riot M
080
Water experiments ~.
effect of pulses.
this year «
the beds eouW
not hold water
owing to the
new embank-
ments*
Ir.D
***tm
...
—*—
American
18
For seed*
E
Groundnut ...
080
For seed ... M .
p6 ^
Ir.I
Jote
10
For fibre
Khaptt"* _
0*10
For green fodder.
J
Groundnut ...
18
For seed* and distribu-
tion.
*•«•••
...•«•
Tumeric ...
8
For seed „.
«*•..•
...
• •MM
Nilva
030
Do. „ ...
Sweet pota-
toes.
80
For cuttings.
VII.— Experiments in Care and Cultivation of Crept*
A.— MAKTJEB EXTBUXMBHTfU
10. Potash manure for sugarcane. — Last year a series of four
plots was selected and manured with potash at the rate of 60 lbs.,
100 lba, 160 lbs. and 200 lbs. per acre in the form of sulphate of
potash in addition to 850 lba of nitrogen from safflower oake.
This year the same experiments are carried on with ratoon, but
two-thirds of potash and nitrogen of the last year hare been giren.
The results with the outturn of the last year are tabulated
below for comparison.
Manorial treatment par acre.
Beeoltoperaeiej erop PmndJe case
(plant cane, 180606 ; ntooa
cane. 1906-07;.
i.
Kind* manure.
"&r
Cootainhw
Ooatof
Ho. of
Weight
if caaea
Aripjjed
topped.
Weigh*
of
Weftjhi
4 1
«.
*2<*
Xfi.
L«k
Lba.
Lba.
Lba.
Re. a. p.
Lba.
Lba.
Lba.
'{
Safflower oak* —
Sulphate of potaah.
MM
W
99
101
j 116 16
r2H8»0
180,860
64,070
89,400
12.906
18,724
47,040
04,009
'{
Safflorwer oake ~.
Sulphate ef potaah.
MM
56
90
m
27
Jill 6
1261120
07,208
10.440
13,716
11,260
4OJ690
62,000
'{
Safflower eake _
Sulphate of potaeh.
8,408
lift
10
m
60|
J 117 10 6
4 26,064
t 86460
10,204
86*676
14.029
16,978
•MM
•(
Safflower cake ~
Sidphete of potaah.
8,408
lift
an
10
<ftf
<ftf
jlM 1
I 24\646
181,049
72*26
86,172
14,006
16J26
68406
06,006
*l
Kind of manure.
■uha par acre i erop Pandla m
ratffffli tano. It
at"-"**'
4
Per-
ot
Juice
to cane.
Per-
centage
Quito
Per-
Quito
cane.
Ooatof
cultivation.
Value ol
outturn.
Profit,
Year.
Lba.
Be. a. p.
Be, a,p
Ha. a. p.
"(
Safflower oake
74>8
9.460
19*8
14*7
271 9 4
691 4
819 10 8
1900-07
Sulphate of potaafa.
Tft-8
10.444
16-1
12-6
291 14 4
098 4 9
404 6 11
190646
'{
Safflower cake
72"6
9,066
18*6
18*6
278 16 8
666
287 4
190607
Sulphate of potaeh.
78-9
8306
161
11*8
288 11
569 11 11
271 11
190606
'{
Safflower oake
75-9
10,280
19-S
14-6
29ft 4 C
642 8
847 4
1008-07
Solphaie of potaah.
786
11,462
16-8
u-s
818 6 8
768 7 4
446 8
1906*06
i
Safflower oake
7*9
10,262
19*8
U-8
800 12
640 12
640
1906-07
Sulphate of potaah.
760
11,690
17*9
181
826 12 4
774 10 8
446 16 4
1906-08
e
These fesults dearly dhow that there is an increase of outturn
by potash manure. Further experiments with increased quantity
or potash are necessary.
11. Phosphoric acid requirements for sugarcane.-^M^nj
questions were received from cultivators with regard to the use
of bones in some form as a sugarcane manure. To settle this
question a series of four plots was laid out last year and manured
with 50 lbs., 100 lbs., 150 lbs. and 200 lbs, of phosphoric acid in
the form of superphosphate in addition to 350 lbs. of nitrogen
from safflower cakes. This year the same experiments are carried
with the ratoon cane, but two-thirds of phosphoric acid and
nitrogen of the last year have been given.
- . Plots 1 and 2 being manured alike last year as the quantity
of cake contains more than 100 lbs. of P 2 6 , plot 1 was
converted into a complete manure plot this year and hence
sulphate of potash was also given in addition to cake and super-
phosphate.
The results with the outturn of the last year are tabulated
below for comparison.
Mannrial treatment per sort.
Besults per acre ; crop Pundia
cane (plant cane, 1906-06T;
ratoon cane, 1906-07).
I
Kind of manure.
Quan-
tity.
Containing
Cost of
manure.
Vow of
oanes.
Weight
stripped
topped.
Weight
tops.
N.
P 2°6.
tf 2 o.
4
Lbs.
Lbs.
Lbs.
Lbs.
Es. a, p.
Lbs.
Lbs.
" r
Safflower cake
8,408
28*}
7b
89|
^
/ 28.496
67,716
12.896
4
Sulphate of potash
196
...
...
83|
Vl6Q 9
<
t
Superphosphate ... .
184
...
68}
...
J
1 85,943
87,944
17,136
•f
Safflower cake
Superphosphate .«
3,408
238}
70
891
i 116 JO
f 22,920
\ 26,284
66.100
65,288
12,092
11,732
•{
Safflower cake
3, 408
238}
70
89}
|l32 1
C 32,024
X 80,C88
48,4*4
10,272
Superphosphate ... •»
88
...
30
•M
86,740
15,444
i
Safflower cake
Superphosphate •
3,406
184
233}
70
68}
89}
J 131 3
C 18,096
^ 29,366
38,656
77,724
8,724
13.048
«3
Kind of manure*
Basalt* per acre ; orop PnndU (plant caoe, 1006-00
retoen ease, 190847).
1
6
i
©
o
6
ft
Weight
juice
ob-
tained.
Per-
centage
of
jnioe
to cane.
OoL
Per-
centage
oP
Oolto
Jvtoe.
Per-
eeotige
of"
Quito
cane.
Cost of
coiUfa-
tion.
Valne
of
onttorn
Profit*
Year.
■f
•!
•1
Safflower cake f
Sulphate of potato <
Superphosphate V.
Safflower cake
Snperphoiphate .-
Safflower cake —
Superphosphate
Safflower cake
Superphosphate •-
Lbs.
41,808
OBjOOO
88,680
88,000
64,716 <
0B ,000
96,788
60,000
7S5
77-8
70 01
70*
716
78-4
604
77«02
Lbs.
8,006
11,062
7,680
0,296
6,688
11,876
6,161
10,406
10'S
17*6
10-0
17*0
10*1
17«4
19*6
17*6
14*
186
14-0
14 S
137
18-7
18*6
186
Be. a. p. Rl ftp
S97 600 (
291 S 8 70S IS t
S67 480 (
S79 S 4 619 11 i
2*7 S 414 8 t
807 U t 791 IS 1
240 10 ol 3*8 4 1
SU IS 4, 70S 10 b
Be. a p.
209 0190647
406 10 180646
238 0)190647
349 9 4 1906-06
167 6 100647
484 2 Ij 190646
78 10 ol 190647
389 IS 4j 190648
. These results show that there is no increase in the outturn by
using larger amount of phosphoric acid. These experiments may
therefore be discontinued*
12. Top-dressing for sugarcane. — To compare the value of
different nitrogeneous manures, including mineral manures, a
series of five plots was manured last year with 200 lba of nitrogen
in the form of farmyard manure and 150 lbs. nitrogen in the
form of various top-dressings, plot 1 receiving all nitrogen
from farmyard: manure in the beginning.
This year the dressing given to these plots was similar to
that of the last year's top-dressings, but only 233£ lbs. of
nitrogen per acre was supplied. Plot 1, which received only one
application of farmyard manure last year, received the same
dressing as the second plot and the residual effect of the farm-*
yard manure will be observed.
The results with the outturn of the last year are tabulated
below for comparison.
•
lUnuzial treatment per acre.
Reenlta per acre; erop Pundia (plant cane,
1906-06; ratoon cane, 1800-07).
i
Kind of manure.
Quan-
tity.
Containing
Goat of
manure.
Number
of
Weight
etrtjmed
and
topped.
top*.
Weigh*
of
juice
N.
'A'
K f O.
obtain-
ed.
Lbe.
Lbe.
Lbe,
Lbe.
Be. a.
P-
Lbe.
Lbe.
Lbe.
1
Safflower cake
~
8.408
2S8 f
70
3H
116 10
r 20,800
1 14,450
44,204
40,308
8.670
31.492
28,000
a
Do.
...
1,408
938*
79
391
116 10
(■H.624
(.80,304
49.800
40,828
10,018
18,044
34,444
36,000
t
Nitrate of eoda
—
1,00ft
*»*
-
-
171 6
1*1.908
129,208
60.718
68,816
11,672
11.710
35,32)
40,000
4
Poudrette
M«
23*807
283*
H9f
198i
'200
r«M78
126,744
61,996
62.848
13,462
9,740
36.088
40.000
I
Grade nitre
-
1*00
tssi
*••
-
206
(.27.788
74,840
71,128
16.684
16.088
62.498
6M80
i
Kind ol manure.
Reenlta per acre ; erop Pundia (pUnt eane, 1808-08; ratoon
eane, 1908-07).
\
1
Percent-
age of
joioe
to cane.
Weteht
Gal.
Percent-
age of
Gul to
jniee.
Percent-
age of
Quito
cane.
Goat of
cultiva-
tion.
Value
of
outturn.
Profit,
Year.
Lbe.
Be. a. p.
Be. a. p.
Be. a. p.
1
SeJHower eake •
"{
71-1
09-8
6.680
6,088
17H
182
120
12*0
241 14
221 11 4
848 12
S38U 9
107 14
118 6
1006-07
1906 06
-{
08-8
0.104
177
12*4
247 4
881 8
134 4
1800-07
s
Do*
78*4
6.804
17*2
124
248 2 8
413 9 11
166 7 8
190646
3
Kttrate of eoda.
-1
08-0
701*2
0,420
6.868
18*2
17-4
127
13'4
804
344 8 4
401 4
403 7 6
97 4
118 13 7
1906-07
1906-06
706
0,818
18*6
131
883 8
486 12
102 8
1906-07
4
Po»drette ...«
75-8
7.812
18*03
130
299 13
480 12 10
180 18 10
190646
5
Grade nitre
"{
Ton
79'8
9.724
9,032
18-8
17D2
13*9
18*6
227 16
888 3 8
006 12
042 2 8
877 13
269 8 7
1903-07
1906-06
From these results it will be seen that the plot of crude nitre
comes first, of poudrette second, and that of nitrate of soda oom.es
third in point of outturn.
13. Mineral manures. — As mineral manures have been
brought to the attention of cultivators considerably of late, it is
deemed advisable to compare them with safflower cake. Two
plots were therefore manured, one with nitrate of soda and the
other with safflower cake.
9
The application of nitrate of soda was made in three dressings
last year. Two-thirds of the manures were given this year, but
nitrate of soda was given in 21 applications before an equal
number of waterings.
The results with the outturn of last year arj tabulated
below for comparison.
15
Man aria! treatment
per acre.
Results per acre; crop Pnndia (plant
cane, 1BU6-06; ration cane, ) 006-07).
8.
X
4>
Kind of manure.
Quan-
tity:
Containing"*
Cost of
manure.
Number
of
oanes.
Weight
of eanes
•tripped
and
topped.
WcUrbt
of
tops.
Weight
of Juice
obtain*
ed.
C
N.
Vr
K 3°-
i
2
Safflower cake
Nitrate of soda ...
Lbs.
3,4%
1.606
Lbf.
233*
2834
Lbs
70
Lbs.
'(85.518
115 10 \
1 (88,888
(28.56*
171 4 0'{
; l28 f 80i
Lbs.
53,038
80,888
50,888
70.-4J
Lbs.
13.483
13.644
13,38!
10,600
Lbs.
37,481
64.000
33,558
58,000
i
Kind of manure.
fiesults per acre ; crop Pundia (plant cane, 190C-06; latoon cane 1808-07).
'a
X
o
Percent*
age of
juice
to cane.
Weight
Gui.
Percent-
age t<f
Gul
to juice.
Percent-
age of
ttul
to cane.
Cost of
cultiva-
tion.
Value of
outturn.
Profit
Tear.
1
2
Safflower cake
Nitrate of soda ...
( 70*6
[ 78-1
( 69'5
[ 79-7
Lbs.
7,140
11,378
6,521
9,492
19t)
17-8
18 3
16 9
135
14-07
12*8
185
Rs. a. p
85i 8
235 6 8
302 12
473 1 8
Rs. a. p. Rs. a. p.
416 4 | 181 12
1
758. * I 481 11 6
407 13 | 105
632 12 8 150 11
1906-07
1905-08
180J807
1905-06
The safflower cake gave more outturn of Gal.
14, An experiment with a balanced manure containing all the
elements of plant food was attempted last year. The crop received
only two-thirds of the manure this year. It is interesting to
compare this plot with the first plot of phosphoric acid manure
experiment as this plot has also received a similar dressing.
The results with the outturn of the last year are tabulated
below.
B 1059—2
10
J
Manurial treatment per acre.
Results per acre ; crop Pondia (plant cane,
1905-06 ; Batoon cane, 1906-07;.
4>
Kind of manure
Quan-
tity*
Containing.
Cost of
manure..
Number
of
canes.
Weight
of canes
stripped
and
topped.
Weight
tops.
Weigbt
of Juice
obtain-
ed.
O
1
N.
Va.
K,0.
(
1
Nitrate of soda ...
8olphate of potash.
Superphosphate ...
Lbs.
1,606.
139
m
Lbs,
283*
Lbs.
Lbs.
Rs. a. p.
>142 14
J
rsa.4oo
i
U*.712
Lbs.
88,696
97.C88
Lbs.
17,768
17,040
Lbs.
59,144
78,000
i
I
e
■8
c
Kind of manure.
Remits per acre ; crop Pondia (plant cane, 1906-06 ; Batoon cane, 1906-07).
Percent-
age of
Juice
to cane.
Weight
G°ul.
Percent-
age of
Gul
tojuic •
Percent-
age of
Gui
to cane.
Cost of
cultiva-
tion.
Value of
outturn.
Profit.
Tear.
K
1
I
Nitrate of soda ...
Sulphate of potsah.
Superphosphate ...
;78-2
Lbs.
11,840
13,044
19-2
17*2
186
18*4
Rs. a. p.
318 8
691 12 4
Bs. a. p.
708 12
660 9 7
Rs. a. p.
890 4
384 13 3
1906-07
190606
B.— Ieeigation Experiments.
15. Sugarcane,— A demonstration irrigation plot was put
down to Pundia cane and the results are in accordance with those
of the previous year, that is apparently in favour of the smaller
supply of water.
The details are given below.
Details of Irrigation.
Results per acre j crop Pundia (ratoon).
Each
watering
equal to
inches of
rainfall.
Interval
between
each
watering
Days.
Number
of water-
ings.
Quantity
of water
incnbie
feet ex-
clusive of
rainfall.
Number
of canes.
Weigbt
of canee
stripped
and
topped.
Weight
of tops.
Weight
of juice
obtained.
Percent
age of
juice
to cane.
2*
4*
10
15
31
20
223,862
269,237
26,674
21,534
Lbs.
55,330
46,720
Lbs.
13,484
10,816
Lbs.
39,466
33,758
713
72*2
11
Results per acre ; crop Fundi* (ratooo).
Weight
of On).
Percent-
age of
Qui
to juice*
Percent"
age of
Onl
toeane*
Costcf
cultivation.
Valne of
outturn
Profit.
Outturn of
Qvllaai
year.
Lbs.
7,940
6,582
14-4
14-1
2C-1
19*
Bs. a. p.
268 9
246
Bs. a. p.
4S6 4
411 6
Bs. a. p.
287 11
166 6
Lbs.
7,228
4068
16. Lucerne. — To ascertain the quantity of water required
for lucerne a field was divided into six plots* They were irrigated
as follows : —
Plot.
1
2
3
4
5
6
QaanUty of
Inches of rain.
1
2
S
2
S
Interval of days.
5
5
7
7
10
10
Lucerne was sown on the 28th of April, but it was attacked
by mealy wings (Aleurodidae). It was therefore resown on the
22nd of November.
As there was only one cutting till the end of March the
outturn is not given*
0. — New Methods of Cultivation.
17. Sugarcane. — The methods used in the cultivation of
this crop in the Deooan are so labourious that they could only be
employed in a land where labour is very cheap, and even here it
is thought that part of the expensive process of weeding and earth-
ing could be done by bullock power* Different widths between
the rows are being tried to see which will be the best for bullock
cultivation. The usual dressing of farmyard manure and safflower
"cake has been given.
The results are tabulated below.
System of
planting.
Besulti per acre ; crop Pundia (ratooo).
Num-
ber
cf
ex-
peri-
ment.
Dig-
tance
between
the rid-
ges in
feet.
Number
of
oan6S.
Weight
of canes
stripped
topped.
Weight
of tops.
Weight
of Juice
obtain-
ed.
Per-
cent-
age of
Juice
to
sane.
Weight
of On).
Per*
cent-
age of
Gul
to
juice*
Per-
cent-
age of
Gnl
to
cane,
Cost of
cultiva-
tion.
Value of
outturn.
Profit
1
2
3
2
3
.81
29^48
20,552
21,672
Lbs
69,698
69,898
69,784
Lbs,
11,444
8,692
9,180
Lbs.
50,040
29,200
12,000
71-8
65*5
61V
Lbs,
8,620
0,528
7,220
17*2
16*
175
12*4
10-9
10*2
R*. a. p.
371 S
366 1
360 15 C
694 g*o
450 3 4
501 13 4
As. a. p.
223 5
65 3 4
163 14 4
12
18. Jotcdr.— Of the two plots of Jowar one was intercultured
with the Planet Junior hoe every week as long as the bullocks
were able to walk through the rows and the other was not
intercultured.
The intercultured plot being the end plot of the series was
so much attacked by birds that the outturn of the two plots
cannot be compared.
The yields are given below.
Number
of
experi-
ment*
Tillage,
Yield per acre ; crop Jowar.
Grain.
Fodder.
Value of
outturn.
Cost of cul-
tivation.
1
2
Not intercultured ...
Intercultured ••• ...
Lbs.
110
224
Lbs.
0,800
6,060
Bs. a. p.
26 2 8
28 12 6
Bs. a. p.
27 5 2
28 7 2
I). — System op planting.
19. Several times in the past, experiments with the
planting of the tops and butts of sugarcane have been tried at
Manjri, but it is not carefully recorded what is meant by tops.
In some places only the leafy portion of the top is planted.
Three plots have been planted this year as follows : — Plot 1
top or upper third of the cane ; 2nd butts ; 3rd mixed as they
come. An experiment in ratooning and transplanting cuttings
has been added. All these plots are manured with fish manure
and gurdl ashes.
The details of the experiment are given below. The trans-
planted plot being very late has not yet been harvested. The
result is contrary to those ordinarily obtained from experiments
on this point.
Num-
ber
of ex-
peri-
ment.
System of planting.
Results per acre ; crop Fundia.
Number
of canes.
Weight
of eanes
stripped
and
topped.
Weight
of tope.
Weight
juice.
Percent-
. age of
juice
to cane.
Weight
of Gul.
1
2
8
Tope ...
Butts
Mixed, as they come
24,168
80,280
27,976
Lbs.
69,832
70,912
71,185
Lbs.
12,052
12,528
11,452
Lbs.
47,120
48,756
48,143
67-6
688
67-6
Lbs.
9,001
9,380
9,043
13
Num-
System of planting.
Results per acre ; crop Fondia.
ber
of ex-
peri-
ment.
Percent-
age of
Qui.
to juice.
P |EdN Costof
On? C * Wv *
JSL\ ^
i
Valnc of
outturn.
Profit.
1
2
3
Tops ... •••
Bulla
Mixed, as they come
19-6
19*2
17-9
' Rs. a. p.
12*3 410 11
13*2 414 6
12-7 487 4 8
I
Rs. a* p.
620 16 4
616 14 4
628 11 6
Rs. a. p.
210 4 4
232 9 4
186 6 10
E. — Rotation Experiments.
20. Rotation experiments for sugarcane for block system
of irrigation. — To ascertain which are the most profitable crops to
rotate with sugarcane in the block system of irrigation, 6 acres
are devoted to rotation experiments and three-year, four-year,
and six-year rotations have been made out.
The following is the list of the rotations : —
Hot.
Rgt&tions, 1
Year.
Crop.
Plot.
Rotations.
j
Year.
Crop.
1
Three-yew
1906-07
Bare fallcTw.
8 j Four year.-
1906-07,
Cotton.
i
1907- 08
Cane.
1907-08
Groundnut.
1908-09
Cane ratoon.
1908-09
Cane.
2
Do. ...
1906-07
San for manure.
1909-10
Cane ratoon.
1907-08
Cane.
9
Do. ...
1906--07
San for fibre.
1908-09
Cane ratoon.
1907-08
Fodder Jowfr.
3
Do. ...
1906-07
Groundnuts.
1908-09
Cane.
1907-08
Cane.
1909-10
Cane ratoon.
1908-09
Cane ratoon.
10
Six-year .
1906-07
Cane.
4
Do. .*.
1906-07
Cane.
1907-08
Cane ratoon.
1907-08
Cane ratoon.
1908-09
Cotton.
1908-09
San for fibre.
1909-10
Tur,
5
Do. ...
1906-07
Cane.
1910-11
Jow£r.
1907-08
Cane ratoon.
1911-12
San for fibre.
1908-09
JowAr.
11
Do. ...
1906-07
Cane.
6
Four-year.
1906-07
Cotton.
1907-08
Cane ratoon.
1807-0*
San for fibre.
1908-09
Cotton.
1908-09
Cane.
1909-10
Groundnut.
1909-10
Cane ratoon.
1910-11
Jow&r.
7
Do. ...
1906-07
Tur.
1911-12
San for fibre
1907-0fc
Fodder Jowar.
12
Do. ...
1906-07
Cotton.
1908-09
Cane.
1907-08
San for fibre.
.
1909-10
Cane ratoon.
1908-09
1909-10
1910-11
1911-12
Wheat,
JowAr.
Cane.
Oane ratoon.
14
In all these oases of rotations the usual country manures, viz.
fish manure and oilcake, etc, will be supplied to sugarcane.
Other plots will be manured as they require it. As these plots
have been replaced by a more complete and definite series, the
yields are not given.
P.— Treatment of Mueum Soils.
21. Cotton. — A portion of the irrigated tracts of the
district consists of light murum soil, and the best and the most
economical system or managing these soils is under investigation.
One of the crops suggested for these soils is cotton of the
Hirsutum type, and as the Dh&rwar- American is the only variety
of which seed was available it has been selected. It was sown
according to three different methods. The first plot was sown in
July according to the Dh£rw&r method, the second plot in July
on ridges 3 feet apart, and the third on ridges 3 feet apart in
September. The following are the results of the experiment :—
Crop, cotton Dh&rw&r-Ameriean.
Plot.
Method of sowing.
Ordinary
Three feet apart on ridges
Do,
Date of sowing.
Per acre.
Outturn Cost of
seed cultiva-
cottoc. tion.
July
July
September
Lbs.
904
132
20
Be. a. p,
28 2
82 8
19 1«
Value of
outturn.
Be. a. p.
26 5 4
11
110 8
Loss.
Bs. a. p.
2 12 8
21 8
18 3 4
22. Cereals and Pulses. — The remaining portion of the light
soil area was divided into ten 10-guntha plots. Eive plots were
cropped with kharif pulses and rabi cereals and the other five with
kharif cereals and rabi pulses, to see which of the systems or which
crops are most paying and what manures are necessary for them.
The statement below shows the details of the experiment.
♦
Results per acre.
Name of Crop.
Outturn
grain.
Cost of
cultivation
Value of
outturn.
Profit ( + ) or
loss (-).
Remarks.
Kharif— Fieldbeans t..
Rabi— Barley
Lbs.
840
480
Bs. a. p.
17 8 7
21 2
Bs. a. p.
70
12
Bs. a* p
+ 52 12 6
—9 2
Total ...
...
88 5 7
87
+ 43 10 5
Kharif— Kultbi
Rabi-— Barley
820
480
17 8 7
21 2
8
12
—9 8 7
—9 2
Total ...
•••
38 5 7
20
—18 6 7
4
15
Crop.
Results per acre.
Name of
Outturn
grain.
Cost of
cultivation.
Value of
outturn.
Profit ( + )or
loss(-).
Remarks.
Kharif —Mug
Rabi— Oatt
•••
Total ...
•••
Total ...
••■
Total ...
••?
Total ...
« ...
Total ...
•uli
Total ...
Total ...
...
Total ...
Lbs.
640
784
Ba. a. p.
17 3 7
21 2
Rs. a. p.
16
23 9 8
R«. a p,
—13 7
+ 2 7 8
...
38 5 7
39 9 8
+ 1 4 1
Kharif— Math
Rabi— Oats
66
784
17 3 7
21 2
1 6 4
23 9 8
—16 13 3
+ 2 7 8
»••
38 6 7
25
—13 5 7
Kliarif— Udid
Rabi— Khapli
952
808
17 3 7
23 14
23 13
20 1 8
+ 6 9 5
—3 12 4
...
41 .1 7
43 14 8
+2 13 1
Kharif — Nachni
Rabi— Peas
660
32
10 14
10 15
16 8
19 7
+ 5 10
-8 7 6
...
21 13
18 1 7
—3 11 6
Kharif— Kodra
Rabi — Gram
300
952
10 14
12 4
7 8
31 11 10
—3 6
19 7 10
•••
23 2
39 3 10
+ 16 1 10
Kharif— Sava
Rabi— Gram Kat
152
12 4
5 10
—7 3
Grubbed up as it was
not promising.
...
12 4
5 10
—7 3
Kharif— Vari
Rain — Masur
376
17
...
18 12 10
+ 1 12 10
Grubbed up as it was
not promising.
«••
17
18 12 10
+ 1 12 10
Kharif— R&la
Rabi— Lang
424
1,288
10 14
17
10 8
51 8
—0 6
+ 34 8
•••
27 14
62
+ 34 2
VIII.— New Crops.
23. Cotton.— The great demand for cotton has led to try
every possible means of growing a long stapled cotton. It does
not seem possible to raise with profit the Egyptian or American
varieties anjrwhere on the black cotton soil; but the Broach type
of cotton will grow very well in soils where there is sufficient
supply of moisture. Experiments were commenced in 1904
to ascertain the value of this crop and the best methods of
growing it. Th May 1905, 30 gunthas of Broach cotton were
16
sown. This gave a fair outturn; but an inoppurtune rain in
January caused a set of bolls to fall. As the cotton was bearing
in May 1906, it was decided to carry the plants over to see what
results will be obtained with the plants two years old. The plants
were pruned to half their growth and manured and intertilled.
The results of the experiment with those of the last year are
tabulated below for comparison.
1905-06.
1906-07.
Crop.
attorn
per acre
seed cotton.
Value of
Outturn.
Outturn
per acre
seed cotton.
Cost of
cultivation.
Value of
outturn*
Broach
Lbs.
429
Be. a. p.
36 12
Lbs.
143
Rs. a. p,
29 5 4
Rs. a. p,
14 4 9
24. The best time for sowing Broach cotton under irriga-
tion has not yet been established ; to ascertain this eight plots of
10 guntha each were sown half with Broach and half with
Eumpta cotton at an interval of a fortnight from the 15th
of March.
The following statement shows the inconclusive results of
the experiment : —
He suits per acre,
Date of
sowing.
15th March ..
Do.
1st April
Do.
15th April
Do.
1st May
Do.
15th May
Do.
1st June
Do.
15th June
Do.
1st July
Do.«
Variety.
Broach
Kumpta ...
Broach
Eumpta ..
Broach
Eumpta ...
Broach
Eumpta ...
Broach ...
Eumpta ...
Broach
Eumpta ...
Broach
Eumpta ...
Broach
Kumpta ...
Outturn
seed
cotton.
Lbs.
680
872
480
872
392
768
672
661
704
592
624
504.
464
368
440
448
Cost of
cultiva-
tion.
Value of
outturn.
Rs.
r?4
L72
>i S
) 72
;39
i 64
| 67
| 65
;70
149
| 62
42
46
,26
;44
a. p
10 8
C
10
3
3
5
6
5
6
10 8
Profit (+) or
loss(-).
Rs. a. p.
-19 9 8
-30 15
-33 13 8
-9 3 8
-37 2
-12 5
-4 6
-16 4
+ 13 10
-7 6
+ 2 8
-17 7
-5 1
-24 12
-1111 8
-19 7 8
Remarks.
This plot received
extra water from
the adjoining field.
17
25. Ji$te.— Jute was sown on a small plot of 11 gunthas.
Half was sown with drill and half was broad-casted. It was sown
in blaok soil. As the seed was received very late, it was not sown
before the 3rd of July. This plot was adjoining to the main
irrigation distributary and hence reoeived seepage water. The
plants were 4 feet high when they were out. The cost of extrac-
tion of the fibre is small compared to San.
The statement below gives the outturn.
Name of crop.
.
Remit*
per acre.
Outturn of
fibre.
Value of
outturn.
Juto
•••
• ••
Lbs.
72
Rs. a. p.
26. Siigarcane—Mi. Mollison imported two varieties of
sugarcane from Mauritius, and these have been grown at this
Station ever since. The red variety yielded, in 1904, 55| tons
of stripped canes which is over 10 tons higher than Pundia, and
although the Gul obtained was less than that from the Pundia, it
seemed desirable to try this variety on a larger area. Accordingly
one acre was put down to this crop dressed with fish manure,
gurctl ashes and safflower cake.
The following statement gives the results; these cannot
apparently be compared with any of the Pundia plots : —
Results per acre.
Crop.
No.
of
canes.
Red Mauri
tins
i6,816
Weight
canes
stripped
and
topped.
Weight ! We * ht
to! i **•
*** obtained
Percent-
age of
juice
to cane
Lbs.
84,816
Lbs.
11.235 !
Lbs.
64,403 |
75-9
iv-|j»ht .Percent-, Percent-
JZ. Quito Quito
Gul « ' juice, cane.
Lbs.
8.453
131
99
Cost
of
cultiva-
tion.
Rs. a* p.
431 3 2
Talaeof
outturn.
Rs. a. p.
882 16 C
Profit.
I
Rs. a. p.
151 12 3
IX —Comparative variety tests.
27, Bdjri.— Two varieties of Bajri (Nadjdd and Bhdvnagar)
are found in Gujar&t which yield larger outturn of superior
character to the ordinary country Bajri. If tlies« are grown on
lands full of plant food from sugarcane cultivation and watered a
little they will yield a paying crop.
» 1069—3
18
The statement below gives the results.
Besolts per acre.
Kameofcrop.
Outturn.
Cost of
cultivation.
Valne of
outturn.
•
Profit.
•
Grain.
Fodder.
Nadiad
Bhavnagar ...
Lba
],080
1,120
Lbs.
6,200
5,230
Rs. a. p.
. 26 5 8
27 2 4
Bs. a. p.
62
63 7 8
Bs. a. p.
35 10 4
36 5 4
Aimed Bdjri. — The awned character of this variety is not
thoroughly fixed. To fix this and to select the seed 1 acre 20
gunthas were sown with this variety.
The following statement shows the outturn and cost of
cultivation : —
Results per acre*.
Hame of crop.
Outturn.
Cost of
cultiva-
tion.
Value of
outturn*
Profit. •
Remarks.
Grain.
Pcddcr.
Awned Bajrl
Lbs.
466
Lbs.
1,724
Rs. a. p.
10 6 7
Rs. a. p.
24 3 10
Rs. a. p.
7 14 3
Much attacked
by birds.
28. Jowdr. — In order to equalize the land for next year's
sugarcane experiments, 5 varieties of Jow£r were grown for seed
selection and distribution. As these plots were between the two
series of sugarcane the outturn was much lessened by birds who
found shelter in the sugarcane crops, although special care was
taken to scare them away. Varieties which ripened late were
most affected. It has been decided to discontinue growing
Jow£r for seed from next year at this Station.
The following is the outturn of each variety :—
Results per acre.
Kama of variety.
Outturn.
Cost of
Value of
outturn.
Remark**
Grain.
Fodder.
cultivation.
8nolapuri
Perio
Cbapti
Ehondi ...
Gidgap
Lbs.
533
378
345
806
73
Lbs.
7,484
7,651
6,857
5,238
6,270
Bs. a. p.
28 12 7
30 4 10
29 4 1
27 6 6
26 6 3
Bs. a. p.
41 5 3
31 10 1
30 2 4
37 4
20 15 9
All the Jowar varieties were
much attacked by birds and
hence the outturn so low, and
as the watching charges were
heavy (Bs. 14-0-0 per acre) the
cost of cultivation is high.
19
29. Jlice. — Three varieties of paddy were grown for com-
parison. At the same time to see if there is any advantage in
growing rabi pulses in the rice beds, half the plot of each variety
was sown with Yal this year in the rabi season.
The following statement gives the results of .the experi-
ment : —
Hero 1: a per acre.
Crop.
1 Outturn of
grain.
Co»t t.t
cultivation.
Value of
outturn.
Lbs. i
Ra.
a.
P»
Rs. a. p.
Ambemohor
...
...
926 |
51
6
8
29 4
Kamod
. ••
• »•
840
51
6
8
26 4
Dodka
•••
••
1,212
51
6
8
87 14 3
30. Fodder crops for grain. — A large amount of seed is
required for sowing fodder on the agricultural Stations. Two
varieties of Jowar — Sorghum and Sundhia — and two varieties of
American maize — Golden Beauty and Yellow Dent — were grown.
Golden Beauty was much damaged by wild pigs.
The following statement gives the outturn of these
fodders : —
Outturn per acre.
Kame of crop.
Oat
Grain.
tarn.
Cost of
cultivation.
Value of
outturn.
Fodder.
Sorghum
Sundhja
Golden Beauty
Yeilow Dent ... ...
Lbs.
985
1,050
1,321
865
Lbs.
2,520
1,470
2,010
l,zzb
Rs. a p.
20 i 11
20 11 11
24 4
25 1
Rs. a. p.
33 3
38 6 7
41 11 6
3; 1 6
X— Miscellaneous crops.
31. Gram, Masur and Lang were grown after Btfjri to
improve the land. Gram was damaged by wild pigs.
.20
32. Three American varieties of sweet potato were grown for
further test and for distribution. Much damage was done to
sweet potatoes by wild pigs. These varieties are inferior in taste
to the local ones. They were therefore sold very cheap at one-
Hiird the average price of the local sweet potatoes.
33. Blue and white flowered linseed were grown for fibre,
but as the plants were branchy they were allowed to go to seed.
As the seed of Russian linseed was not available the plot was sown
with safflower. Safflowef was very badly afteoted by aphides.
„Kerosine emulsion was tried on a small portion, but it produced
no effect.
34. Tut (Arhar) was grown for seed distribution, but as it
was affected by wilt disease, all the plants were uprooted as they
withered.
35. Wheat (KdlAkusal) was grown after harvesting fodder
Jow£r and maize. This variety of wheat was found at the
Nagar Exhibition last year. The seed is hard and heavy.
36. Pondioherry groundnuts were grown on a small area.
This seed was newly imported. The germination of this was
not good.
The statement below shows the results of these miscellaneous
orops.
. .
Bcstilts per acre.
• - - * -
Name of Crcp.
Remarks.
Ott&tnro
Cost of
Vahie of -
of grain.
cultivation.
outturn.
Lbs.
Rs. a. p.
Rs. a. p.
(J ram
78C
14 10
26 3 2
Masur
850
16 8
37 8
Lang . *.j ... ...
1,504
24 13 6
60 2 6
Eansemond
2,667
)
m
Virginia ...
1,884
92 6
31 4
Watching charges too high.
Linseed, blue flowered . . .
824
>
These sweet potatoes are
398
17 32
16 2 8
not liked by the public and
u white flowered • •
588
17 12
24 8
hence they were sold at
-Wheat (Katekusal)
285
20 13 9
14 6 6
low price.
Groundnut (Pondicherry) •
3,377
80 6
68 13 6
Vai .... ..-
657
27 12 9
17 6 6
37. The experiments referred to in this report were planned
by Mr. Knight. ;
JPoona, \
September 1907$
E. FLETCHER,
Acting Professor of Agriculture.
II.— THE BAllA'MATI DEMONSTRATION STATION,
1906-07.
Established— 1906 ; North Latitude— 18 3 8'; .EM ZoNpt-
/acte — 74° 37' ; Elevation — l f 774i feet above sea level; Soil — light
and heavy blaok ; Average raiitfaU — 22 inches.
Area — lOf acres.
Overseer — Mr. P. K. Bhagwat.
Season.
0.
i
*
•
3
i
§
<
I
-
1 1
i '1
i-i
i'
J
o
6
1
Bdrdmati.
RaiufeH (1906 07)
Average ... „♦
Waigaon (near Hoi).
Rainfall (1906-07)
as
2 17
1 6
t a
3 00
456
1
166
67
10 3
1 53
10 02
o u
6 65
2 82
/ » » »
1 2 10
3 81 69
3>3
/ 7 / *
IS
o lo
1 1
23 m
21 30
23 25
I.— Introduction.
2. These demonstrations consist of three detached plots.
Two near the town of Bardmati and one at Hoi about 17 miles from
Baramati. One of the two plots near Baramati is a light soil plot
and measures one acre, the other plot has a heavy black soil and
measures 3 acres 27 gunthas.' These two plots are rented at an
annual rent of Us. 54.
The plot at Hoi" has been lent by Rrio BAMdur B. M.
Keniale on the condition that the Agriculture Department is to
supply only the manure and the owner to take the produce in
return for the cultivation charges.
.4 11 the three plots are under the command of irrigation
from the Nira Canal.
The plots near Bdrdmati are devoted to the cultivation of
Broach cotton under irrigation and the plot at Hoi to irrigation
and manurial experiments with sugarcane,
22
The demonstrations were commenced in 1906 under Govern-
ment Resolution No. 5126, dated 25th May 1906. They had their
origin in the investigation of the question of water-logging and
saline efflorensenoe in the Bdr6mati tract.
II.— Meteorology.
3. The monsoon commenced timely in June and was suf-
ficient for sowing of kharif crops. In the month of July rain was
in defect of the average, but was sufficient for the standing crops.
The rainfall in August was much in excess of the usual quantity.
Heavy rain in the third week of September caused the cottou
plants to lodge. The crop continued in fairly good conditions
till January when cloudly weather caused bolls and flowers to fall.
The unusual rain in April 1907 affected the outturn of cotton which
was then being picked. The season was on the whole a fair one.
III.— Cotton Experiments.
JL The rented land came into the hands of the Agricultural
Department by the 23rd of June, which was rather late for
preparation of the field. On account of heavy rain by the end of
June the deep soil field had become inaccessible for several days.
The preparatory tillage was complete by the 7th of August when
the field was divided into two equal plots. One plot was planted
according to the ordinary method (bed system), and the second
according to the ridge system.
In the former system seed was dibbled 3' apart in rows and
in the latter, the field was put up into ridges 4' apart and 5 seeds
were dibbled on the side of the ridge one foot apart. Sowing was
done on the 7th, 8th and 9th of August. In all three waterings
were given to the plots. One in August, the second in October,
and the third in January. Picking commenced on the 1st of
April 1907 and was finished by the 24th of May.
In a similar manner, the light soil area was divided into
two half -acre plots which were sown according to the bed and ridge
systems. These plots were sown on the 24th and 25th of July
1900. They received five waterings, first on >lst July, second
on 12th August, third on 15th September, fourth on 1st JSovember,
and the 5th on the ard of February. Picking was commenced at
the end of Maroh and ended by the lbt of May 1907.
23
The outturn results are tabulated bolow.
Survey
No.
Area
under
experi-
ment.
A. g.
107
188}
»»
1S3J
126
020
"
20
System*
Besults per acre*
Bed
Ridge
Bed
Bidgo
Seed
cotton.
Lbs.
261
] 159
806
618
Value of C * 01
produce. tlon
Number
of canal
waterings.
I
I
Be. a. p., Rs. a., p.,
28 19 •» |
9 13
CO 8 61 U S
38 10 SO 8 a
Remark*
SoU heavy ; germination fair ; hem
r tf nB . »*»*»»* and September
affected the plana conrtfimbty :
several plant* on ridges lodged,
growUi •touted ; owing to clondy
weather botla and flowers dropped
I in January lanhidcs appeared in
the crop in February j by the end
2 f S? "I ?* 11 J*" 1 " *PP«*red
healthy, but many bolls dried
when young.
SoU light; germination uneven;
heavy rains caused the plants
grown on ridges to lodge ; bolls snd
flowers dropped in January
aphides appeared in February ; on
ttie whole the crop nas healthy.
K.B.—The cost of cultivation is rather h'gh owing to the watching chtrges which were necessary en mnmi
of the isolated position cf the fields. ' WW,B *
On account of heavy rainfall, the sowing could not be under-
taken in time in the heavy soil and the effect of late sowing has
shown itself in the poor outturn. The over-saturation of the
field from the adjoining, sugarcane plot may have also affected
the outturn.
In the light soil plot the sowing was also rather late, but the
heavy rain does not appear to have affected the yield much, and
in spite of aphides the crop yielded 618 lbs. of seed cotton in the
ridge system and 808 lbs. in the bed system.
IV.— Irrigation Experiments with Sugarcane.
5. These experiments were divided into two blocks.
In the first block the sugarcane was planted on the 1st of
February 1906 ; the experiment was commenced on the 27th of
May, when the crop stood about 4' high and had received about
ten waterings. At this time the cane crop was almost, even in
growth in all the plots.
In this block the following was the scheme of experiments :
Plot I— To receive water equal to 8" of rainfall every 10 days.
„ II— To receive water equal to V of rainfall every 10 days.
j, HI — To receive water equal to 3" of rainfall eyerr 10 Jays.
„ IV— To receive water equal to 2£" of rainfall at an interval of
6 days in the hot weather and 8 days .in the cold
weather.
24
The following table shows the results : —
Water
equal to
inchee of
rainfall.
(Intervals
-between
watering*
Days.
No.
of
water-
ings.
•
Results per acre.
Percentage of
No
of
plot
Quantity
of water
in cubic
feet.
Weight
of canes
topped.
1
Weight ' Weight
tops. ; juice.
Weight
of Gul
Juice
to
cane.
Gul
io
juice.
Gul
to
cane.
I
11
HI ...
IV
8"
4'
8"
2J"
10
10
10
6 in hot
weather
and 8 in
cold (
weather. 1
28
20
24
36
813.120
877.620
261.360
475,092
Lbs.
104,947
102.449
97,432
99.296
t
Lbs.
15.162
16,760
17,557
18,533
Lbs. Lbs.
1 80,406 ! 13,704
80,139 i 13,400
78.055 [ 12*733
80,133 | 13,197
i
1 ,
76*0
782
80-0
80-7
1
172
167
16*3
16*4
13
13
13
13
The results are inconclusive.
6. In the second block sugarcane was planted on the 1st of
March 1906. At the time of the commencement of the experiment
(27th May), the cane crop was 3' to 3^' high and had received
about 8 waterings.
In this block the scheme of experiments was this : —
Plot I— To receive water equal to If of rainfall every 5th day.
„ II— To receive water equal to 2" of rainfall every 7th „
„ III— To receive water equal to 2$" of rainfall every 10th „
„ IV— To receive water equal to 4" of rainfall every 15th
The outturn results are tabulated below.
Water
equal to
inches of
rainfall.
Interval
between
water-
ings.
No.
of
water-
ings.
Results per acre.
m ..
Percentage of
No.
of
plot.
Quantity
of water
in cubic
feet.
Weight
of canes,
topped.
Weight
tops.
Weyht
juice.
Weight
of
Gul.
Juice
to
cane.
Oul
to
juice.
Gul
to
cane.
I
II
HI
IV *.
6
T
10
15
63
89
23
18
890 650
283,140
351,680
261,360
Lbs,
98,086
101,699
95,033
Lbs.
18,151
13,464
16,077
16,807
Lbs.
78.683
79,475
86,112
79,635
Lbs
12.779
13,397
14.776
13,402
799
810
840
83
16*2
16-8
17-1
16*8
130
13-6
145
14-1
From the above statement it will be seen that the plot
receiving 2§" of water every 10th day has produced a compara-
tively high outturn (14,776 lbs.). The crop in plot I was rather
poor at .the commencement of the experiments. The other plots
II and IV have given yields above the average. The percentages
of juice to cane and Gul to juice are comparatively hi^h in
all the plots. D
26
V.— Manorial Experiments with Snrgaxeane.
7. The soil was medium red and had grown a crop of gram in
the previous season. The field was divided into seven 10 gunfha
plots* The planting of cane was done between 25th and 27th of
March 1906 and crashing was finished in June 1907.
The following was the scheme of experiments : —
Plot L— 'Poudrette manure applied in two drawings.
, ; IL— Farmyard manure before planting + Safflower cake as a
top-dressing.
„ III.— Farmyard manure before planting + Nitrate of Potash
as a top-dressing.
„ IV. — Farmyard manure before planting + fish as a top-dressing.
j, V.— Farmyard manure before planting + ashes + fish as a
top-dressing.
„ VI.— Farmyard manure before planting + castor cake as a
top-dressing.
„ VII.— The usual quantity of manure ordinarily applied by the
cultivators. Farmyard manure, castor cake and fish
manure were used.
The results are tabulated below : —
b 1059-4
26
&
3
I
5
q
Il
lis
lilt 1 ?!;
Hal* hi
8*1
5 a
H
1*1
s
1L- «
S £
i S *
2 5 5
i
* 3
8
8-
51
*S
5 §
© © "*
© © IO
S S SS! ^ ^9 S U M S S
r>4 r-4 C-l C* i-« i-H
*6-
. ^ 9 3 $ i $ § s s n | «• n s
S 8 S
n 2 «
1 I I £ S | | |
" I
« i : I
§ i 1
fill
I I 1 1
£ a & s
e
I *
a ^ o
a * s
^ pk ^
3 I 1
I *
S ^ 5 (u
I :
27
From the above statement, it will be seen that the farmyard
manure + nitrate of potash has given the highest outturn.
Foudrette and farmyard manure + fish plots have comparatively
produced low yields.
The plot No. 7 treated according to the cultivator's method
of manuring has not given high yield when compared with the
value of manure.
The results require verification after a further trial. Not
more than about 500 lbs. of nitre should be applied per acre.
8. The demonstrations referred to in this report were planned
by Mr. Knight.
Poom, | F. FLETCHER,
September 1907. ) Acting Professor of Agriculture.
BOMBAY t rBXKTKU 47 IBS 00VSBKUBN7 CKXXlAt fUttL
- '151937
^ u u u
©tpattuum of ^grtcultuj^/ltombaB.
ATSTNCTAIj REPORT
ON THE
EXPERIMENTAL WORK
OF THE
NADIAD AGRICULTURAL STATION
(Kaira District, Gujarat)
FOR THE YEAR
1900-1907 V
BY
F _ FILETCHEK, M.A., B.Sc, etc.,
Deputy Director of Agriculture.
BO MBAY
_ rt a/e ™e government -central press
PRINT*** 19Q7
[-P>-tce— 6a. or 7d.]
I
OFFICIAL AGENTS FOR THE SALE OF INDIAN OFFICIAL
PUBLICATIONS.
In England.
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Constable ft Co., 10, Orange Street, Leicester Square, W. C, London.
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Henry 8. King ft Co., 65, Cornhill, E. C., London.
P. 8. King ft Son, 2 ft 4, Great Smith Street, Westminster, S.W.,
London.
Xegan Paul, Trench, Trnbner ft Co., 43, Gerrard Street, Soho, W.,
London.
B. Qnaritch, 11, Grafton Street, New Bond Street, W., London.
T. Fisher TJnwin, 1, Adelphi Terrace, London, W.C.
W. Thacker ft Co., 2, Treed Lane. London. E. C.
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Deighton Bell ft Co., Cambridge.
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Otto Harrassowitz, Leipzig.
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Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague.
In India,
Higginbotham ft Co., Madras.
V. Kalyanarama Iyer ft Co., Madras.
P. R. Rama Iyar ft Co , Madras.
Thacker, Spink ft Co., Calcutta.
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8under Pandurang, Bookseller, etc., Bombay.
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N* B. Mathur, H. K. H. Press, Allahabad.
department of agriculture, ttomtaji*
ANNUAL REPORT
ON THE
EXPERIMENTAL WORK
OF THB
NADIAD AGRICULTURAL STATION
(Kaira District, Gujar&t)
FOR THE YEAR
1906-1907
BY
F. FLETCHEK, M.A., B.Sc, etc.,
Deputy Director of Agriculture,
BOMBAY
PRINTED AT THE UOVERNMENT CENTRAL PRESS
1007
Vernacular names of crops, &o., mentioned in the report and their
Botanical and English equivalents.
Botanical.
Oryza saliva
Peonisettum typhoideuin
Panicam BCrobicalatum
Hordeum vulgare
Andropogon sorghum ?ar. Tulgare...
Do* cernuum
Klosine cozacana
Tritioum yulgare
Pulses-
Cajanus indicus
Cicer arietinum
Phased us mungo
Phaseolus radiatus
Dolichos lablab
Cyamopsis psoralioidea
Glycine hispida
Oilseeds.
SesaiLum indicus
Rieinus communis
Arachiflbypogea
Eruca sativa
Fibre Plants.
Gossypium herbaoeum
Bo. neg^ectum
Hibiscus cannabinus
Crotolaria juncea
Condiments.
Cuminum cyminum
Capsicum frutescens
Pimpinella auisum
Allium cepa
Brassica juncoa
Sugar*
Pachharum officinal urn
Narcotics.
Nicotiana tabacum
Vegetables.
Solanum melongtna
Solarium tuberosum
Moinordica charantia
English.
Vernacular.
Bice
Dingar (Sutarsal, Kamodj.
Buirush millet
Bajri, Bairc,
Kodra millet
Kodra.
Barley
' Jac,
Great millet
' Jowar.
Do.
; rHindhia*
Muma millet
Bavto.
Wheat
Ghau.
Pigeon pea
' Turer.
Gram
j Ghana.
Green gram
. Mag.
Black gram
! Adad.
Indian bean
I Val.
Field vetch
j Guvar.
Soy beans.
i
1
Sesamum
TaL
Castors
DWeli.
Groundnut
Bhoising.
...... •••
Jamb ho.
Gujarat and Dharwar cotton .
Broach, Ghog&ri, Kumta,
Ac, kapas.
Do. •••
Kosi karas.
Sheria, Aoibadi.
Brown bemp
Bombay hemp
San.
Cnmine
Jiru.
Chillies
Marcha.
Anise
Variali.
Onions
Kanda,
Mustard
Rai.
Sugarcane
Tobacco
Brinjal
Potato
Bitter gourd
Sherdi.
Tambakhu.
Veni
vensan.
Batata.
Kareli.
One guntba — & of an acre.
b992— a
THE NADIA'D AGRICULTURAL STATION,
1906-07.
Established— 1903 ; North Latitude— 22° 44' j Eaet Lon-
gitude — 73? 0'; Elevation— approximately sea level ; Soil — alluvial
loam (Var. Qoradu) ; Average rainfall— $4' 61" ; Temperature—
maximum 114 c in May, minimum 43° in January.
Area — 14 acres.
Superintendent — Mr. Dattdtraya Hari TagAre.
Season.
Bainfall—
(1906-07) ...
Aveiaga
Temperature (l906-07>—
Mean maximum .
Mean minimum .
» a
1
105'
74 #
16
103°
83°
§ i t
6 35 11 16
' * l ' *
4 49 li 9
97°
85°
81°
II
1116
' m
906
12
6 16
78 #
' n
44
72°
37
94*
•r
o o
' m
6
90°
o
' m
3
88°
76
' m
16
56»
2
» »
6
88*
64°
20 67
» n
14 61
2. The monsoon commenced early; The first shower of rain
came on the 16th June and by the 29th June there was sufficient
rain to sow all crops. Since the famine this was the first year in
which sowing could be commenced in June. The rain was quite
favourable for germination. During the first fortnight of July,
there was slight rain and cultivators were very anxious to have
heavy rains for transplanting rice. Seedlings of rice were rather
overgrown as they could not be planted till 25th of July. Heavy
rainfall on the 24th and 25th of July damaged the young cotton
plants to some extent. ' There was only an inch of rain during the
first fortnight of August. Bajri, Tal, Tuver, etc., crops grew
vigorously. Bajri grew very vigorously and promised a good
yield. About the middle of August, Eodra plants began to wither
in some places. On the 26th August there was a heavy rainfall
and the fine crop of Bajri was badly laid. The flowers were washed
off and the subsequent constant rain for a week caused the ears to
rot. This season there was Bajri smut very prevalent in the
district and naturally the farm suffered along with the rest, with
the result that the Bajri crop was a total failure. Some of the
cultivators did not even take the trouble to harvest the crop as it
consisted of nothing but inferior Bijri straw.
» 992-1
Owing to the favourable time of transplanting even the small
seedlings of tobacco were planted; but on account of constant
rain, they rotted and there were several blanks in the fields. The
scarcity of seedlings was much felt this year and many a cultivator
made a profitable business in selling extra seedlings. Kodra,
barley, rice, etc., were much benefited by this rain. In the month
of September there were only 365 inches of rain. On the whole
it may be said that the season was a favourable one for crops in
general when compared with the past few years.
Manurial Experiments.
3. Irrigated Tobacco. — The object was —
(1) to compare the effects of the following manures :
(a) Farmyard manure,
(fi) Castor-cake,
(c) Farmyard manure -+• castor-cake,
(d) Farmyard manure -f nitre,
{e) Farmyard manure + sodium nitrate,^
if) Farmyard manure + ammonium sulphate,
(g) San ploughed in as green manure ;
(2) to compare tobacco grown in rotation with tobacco
grown continuously ;
(3) to compare the effects of ordinary and deep ploughing
on tobacco.
By deep ploughing is meant ploughing with an English Turn*
wrest plough followed by a country wooden plough in the same
furrow.
The following table shows the details of cultivation of the
several tobacco plots ; —
3
M
P
I*
1 I
1
-J
II
p, o o « o ©•*<*
* s a a * • • •
2! oo oo S» ct 000000
00 000000 00 © © GO 00 ©
00 OOlOiH © Ui l-l ?-l © •«*
£ 8 3 8 S S S » S [:
p,«00OO 004O © 00
SBfHrtr-liHfHrl iH
©00 © « <4I <* ^* 04
© ■«* »iioeoM»«D«o
3 3 f: fe 'i? S S 2
i a i I « i I I i i § i g. I 1 s $ 1
i-l 04 M r-t r^
is
I £ £ <£ s S <3
£ £ a i i & a s a
i I
-a
4 £ £
9 t.-5
I &
a a
£ £
£ £■ £
-8 «
a! !
6
: : i : :
J* j § &
&JR
s Q fit
s s
s
"8
a .
•5 • 2 a » a
1 H o + SflX 2 &
: ! 5 8
8 * • 2 .
I 3* HI
4 5
8 •
I
a
■8
• -8 ' '
. i
h o f»< jz;
I I
£ 1
P P 1
: «u "3
pi 1
S Si
5 p, £ p,
13 13
II I If! till
I 3
Q O
!
: : i : i : :
££££££ £
! ! : t
I £ S <S
•: i
& & & & «
ft
o ©
© © © © ©
© © © © © © © © M
fl <H C* CO CO -of
8 ft
0» M n
Owing to the saltish irrigation water the cured leaves were not
bright in colour. The nitre and sodium nitrate plots were severely
damaged by wilt disease. Green manure (San) has produced a
better yield. The cured leaves are thinner and rather whitish in
appearance. This green manure makes the soil very soft and is
likely to encourage the growth of Vacumba (Orobanche Nicotiana).
No conclusions can be drawn as some of the plots are damaged by
wilt disease.
4. Jiice, — The object was —
(1) to compare farmyard manure with nitre,
(2) to compare rice manured and irrigated with rice manured
but not irrigated,
(3) to compare rice grown unmanured and unirrigated with
rice grown manured but not irrigated.
The variety of rice grown was Sutarsdl.
The results are as under : —
Manure.
Yield
per acre.
Plot
No.
Area.
Crop-
Tillage.
Irrigation.
Value
of
rcostof
cultivS"
Gun-
Kind.
Quantity
per acre.
Time of
applica-
tion.
Grain.
Straw.
produce.
tion.
1
Lbs.
Lbs.
Us. a. p.
Rs. a, p.
than.
fl F.Y.M. ...
7\ tons*.
June ...
1
90
6
Rice ...
Ordinary i | +
}Nil ...
1,280
2,046
40 8 2
57 8 6
1 1 Nitre ...
80 lbs. ...
August...
/
01
6
Do. ...
Do.
...! Nil
Nil ...
Nil ...
1,200
2,148
44 10 5
36 4
93
ft*ft
To. ...
Do.
J, F. Y. M. ...
7\ tons ...
7} tons...
80 lbs. ...
Juno ...
Nil ...
1,127
2,061
42 O 8
60 10 11
94
6
Do. ...
Do.
| F. Y. M. ...
(.} Nitre ...
June ...
August*.
}»£»
1,988
2,418
66 7 8
64 6
95
8*6
Do. ...
Do.
•■ . * • I • Ma ...
1 • i
7\ tone...
June _
Do. ...
1,629
1,915
54 1 4
58 8 6
The crops are all below 1he average; owing to the sandy
nature of the soil these rice beds cannot at present hold sufficient
moisture. Nitre has apparently produced a considerable increase
in the irrigated rice. On the irrigated plots the addition of nitre
(worth Rs. 8) to farmyard manure increased the value of the crop
by some Rs. 14.
Rotation Series Experiments.
5. Series L — The object was to see the effects of ordinary and
deep ploughing on the following rotation and to compare it with
others : —
l8tye ar-{$^
2nd year — Sundhia.
3rd year — Kodra and mixture*
The following statement shows the details of plots tnd enlthra-
tion in this series : —
Menu*
Area.
Crop.
lUes*.
In rotation
or
Plot
No.
Kind.
QMS**
per acre.
Tina of
"fir
Irrigated
or not.
8
Gunlhae
R
(« ) Bajri
(>) Jim
Kareli
Ordinary
Nil
F.T.M.-
VB ~
10 tone-
~
In rotation...
NIL
Irrigated.
19
10
Da
Deep
«*-
Do. _
Da M
la rotation ... Do.
6
10
8undhia
Ordinary
Kfl M
W ...
—
Do. J. NO.
17
10
Do.
Deep
vn ~
NU -
...
Do. J ML
7
10
Kodra and mix*
tare.
Do. M
Ordinary ~
Nil _
Nil _
~
Do. ... ! Nil.
18
10
Deep
Nil ...
HO -
Do. ».j HIL
The results of Bajri and Jiru are as under : —
IToiNaSordiDarUypJoogbed.
Pk*Notl9dee]^pk>efbe<L
Crop.
TieM
per acre.
Value
of
prodnee.
Coal
of
cuTCretton.
Yield
peraere*
Value
of
Coat
of
Grain.
Strew.
Grain. , Straw.
cnlUfation.
Lbe.
Lbe.
Be. a. p.
Ba. a. p.
Lbe. Lbe.
i
Be. a. p. < Be. a. p.
Bijri ... _ ...
MO
4.838
»1( 4
19 IS 8
024 4,880
» I 4 . 12 5 8
Urn M m. m.
Kareli _ ~ ~
470
...
84 9 4
88 IS 8
888 •«
07 81 831 8
N o
t flni
a b a dJ
1
1
The yield of Bajri is below the average owing to heavy rains at
the end of August.
The Jiru was a promising crop but was damaged seriously by
rain in February. The quality of the produce was inferior.
The results of Sundhia are as under :—
Plot No. 8 ordinarily ploughed.
Plot No. 17 deep!y ploughed.
Crop.
Yield per acre.
Value of
produce*
Coat of
cultivation.
Yield per acre
Value of
Coat of
cultivation.
Grain
Straw.
Grain.
Straw.
produce.
Sundhia ... .*• ...
Lbe.
128
Lbe.
5,1*2
Ba. a. p.
26
Ba. a. p.
19 9 4
Lbe.
212
Lbe.
8,780
•
Be. a. p.
SI 4 8
Be. a. p.
83 9
6
The results of the Kodra mixture are as under :
—
Crop*
Plot No. 7 ordinarily ploughed.
Plot Ko. 18 deeply ploughed.
Yield per acre.
Value of
produce.
Cost of
cultivation.
Yield per acre*
Value of
produce.
Cost of
Groin.
Straw.
Grain.
Straw.
critintian.
Lbs.
Lb*
Rs, a. p. Ra. a. p.
Lbc Lbs.
Rs. a. p.
Rs. ». p.
KoJrm
...
262
648
4 15 4 .
'
189 ' 548
3 12 4 ^
Tal
Shcria
•••
-
80S
146
Fibre
80
26 |
1
7 7 4
-17 8
372
1 Fibre
96 ; 44
31 6
4 7
-JO
Turer
... .*• ..
556
668
90 7
J
416 i 600
i
15 4 8
)
68 13 8
•
64 14
The crop of Tal was very good.
6. Series II. — The object was to see the effects of ordinary
and deep ploughing on the following rotation and to compare it
with others : —
1st year ... ... ... B&jri, Math and Tuver.
2nd year ... ... ... Kodra and mixture*
3rd year ... ... ... Sundhia.
The following statement shows the details of plots and culti-
vation under this series : —
Plot
Area.
Crop.
Tillage.
Manure.
In rotation
or
continuous.
Irrigated
No.
Kind,
Quantity
per acre.
Time of
application.
or not.
11
32
20
10
21
Gunthas.
10
10
10
10
10
10
Bfijri, Math and
Tuver.
Do.
Kodra and mix-
ture
Do.
Sundhia
Do.
Ordinary .„
Deep
Ordinary ...
Deep
Ordinary ...
Deep
K. T. M. ...
Do. ...
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
6 tons
Do.
Nil
Nil
Nil
Nil
Jnuc
Do.
In rotation.
Do. ...
Do. ...
Do. „.
Do. ...
Do. ...
Nil.
Nil.
Nil.
Nil
Nil.
Nil.
There
suits of B
djri, Mat!
handT
uver an
e as unc
ler : —
Plot No. 11 ordinarily ploughed. 1 Plot No. 22 deeply ploughed.
Crop.
Yield per acra
Value of
produce.
Yield per acre.
Cost of ;
Value of
produce.
Cost of
Grain.
8traw.
cultivation. '
j Grain.
Straw.
cultivation.
B*jri
Matji
Tnyer
Lbs.
228
212
808
Lbs.
2,284
1,«96
344
Rs. a. p.
12 3 4
8 11
11 4 4
32 2 8
Rs. a. p. Lbs.
") ! 272
J-32 1 4 180
) | 408
Lbs.
2,272
1,204
364
Rs. a. p.
13 11
7 4
13 6
Rs. a. p.
1 34 9 4
34 4
The yield of Bajri is much below the average. There is not
much difference between ordinarily ploughed and deeply ploughed
plots.
The results of Sundhia are as under : —
Crop.
i Plot No. 10 ordinarily ploughed.
Plot No. 21 deeply ploughed.
, Yield per acre.
Value of
produce.
Cost of
cultivation.
Rs. a. p.
21 8
Yie'd per acre. .
. Value of
Coat of
i
Grain.
Straw*
i * produce.
Orain. | Straw.
cultivation.
Sundhia
~ •••
; Lbs.
368
1
Lbs.
4.462
Bs. a. p.
33 14
Lbe. 1 Lbs. , Re. a. p.
412 ; 4,132 S3 6 4
1 1
Re. a. n.
24 4 8
The results of Eodra
are as under :—
Plot No. 9 ordinarily ploughed. .
Plot No 20 deeply ploughed.
Crop.
Yield per acre.
Value of
prodaoe.
Coat of
cultivation.
Yield per acre.
Value of
produce.
Cost of
Grain.
Straw.
Grain.
Straw.
cultivation.
Kodta ...
Tal ...
Sheria . M „
TftYrt * ... ...
Lbs.
4S2
60
133
432
Lbs.
868
Fibre
72
4C0
Re. a. p.
8 « 8
4 11 8
6 11
15 12 4
Rs. a. p.
[• 19 6 8
J
Lbs.
628
120
110
312
Lbs.
1,100
Fibre
76
352
Rs. a. p.
10 4 4
10 2
7 14
11 7
Re. a. p.
1 21 11 8
96 9 8
38 14 8
There is no difference between the two plots ; the value of
produce is similar.
7. Series III. — The object was to see the effects of deep and
ordinary ploughing on the following rotation and to compare it
rin —
... Tobacco manured with farmyard manure.
... Kodra mixture.
with others
(a) 1st year ...
2nd year ...
(b) 1st year ...
2nd year ...
The details of plots and cultivation in the series are as under : —
... Tobacco manured with green manure,
... Kodra mixture.
1
Manure.
riot
No.
Area in
gunthos.
i
Crop. ! Tillage.
In rotation
or
continuous.
Irrigated
or not.
Kind.
Quantity
Time of
i
per acre.
application.
25
10
Tobacco ... Ordinary ...
Green
manure (of
San)
In rotation.
Irirgated
96
10
Do. ... Deep
Do.
Do. ..
Do.
24
10
Kodra miiture
Ordinary ...
Nil
Nil
••«*«•
Do. . M
Nil.
36
10
Do.
Deep
Nil
Nil •
Do. ...
Nil.
27
10
Tobacco
Ordinary ...
F.Y. M. ...
15 tons ...
June
Do ...
Irrigated.
38
10
Eo.
Deep
Ordinary ...
Do.
Do. ...
Do.
Do, ...
Do.
26
10
Eodra mixture .
Nil
Nil
Do. ...
Nil.
37
10
Do.
Deep
NU
NU
......
Do. ...
Nil.
8
The results of tobacco have already been noted (page 3).
The results of Kodra grown in rotation with tobacco manured
with green manure are as under : —
Crop.
Hoi Xo. 34 ordinarily pkmg had.
Plot Ho. 36 deeply plowed.
Yield per acre.
Value of
produce.
Coat of
eultiTatton.
Yield per acre.
Value of
produce.
Coat of
Grain.
Straw.
Grain.
Straw.
cultivation.
Lba,
Lba.
Ba. a. p. | Re. a. p.
Lba.
Lba.
Bs. ft. p.
Ra. a. p.
Eodra
Ml*
3,150
v a s<|
1,304
2,944
25 11 2
1
^22 14
(
Til
8fceria
: : :
00
269
fibre
100
5 10'
|}-20
14 4 4 J
112
163
**•
Fibre
84
9 7 4
7 12
Tnrtr
3*4
360
11 13 4
491
402
1013 4
1
J
68 11 4
68 11 10
Yield of both the plots is similar.
The results of Eodra grown in rotation with tobacco manured
with farmyard manure are as under : —
Crop.
Plot No. 26 ordinarily ploughed.
not No. 37 deeply ploughed*
TieM per acre.
Value of
prodnoe.
Coat of
cultivation.
Yield per acre.
Valve of
prodnoe.
Ba. a. p.
Cost of
Grain.
Straw.
Grain.
Straw.
cnHivatiaa.
Lba.
Lb*.
Be. a. p.
tie. a. p.
Lbs.
Lbs.
Ba. ft. p.
godra
1,203
3,372
24 6 4
^
1,272
3,512
23 9 7
f-23 4
Tal
Sfceria
... *•• •••
••• — M.
229
218
Fibre
120
10 4
11 13
- 20 12
206
9
Fibre
44
1*8 8
4 7
Stiver
752
049
27 12
)
030
ess
22 4
J
83 3 4
70 13 3
If the above four plots be compared, it seems that Eodra after
a crop manured with farmyard manure grows better than after a
crop manured with green manure.
8. Series IF.— The object was to see the effects of deep and
ordinary ploughing on the following rotation and compare it with
others : —
1st year
2nd year
3rd year
... VariAli.
... (a) B<jri
(4) Onions.
... Kodra and mixture*
9
The following table gives the details of plots and cultivation
in this series ; —
Plot
No.
3>
41
39
29
40
Area In
guntnaa.
10
10
10
Crop.
Tillage.
Kind.
Man ere.
- lM "J 11 * 1 ' IrritfateJ
Quantity . Time of continuous.) or uat *
per cere, application. ,' ;
Variali
Do.
(«) Bajri
... Ordinary
... Deep
... Ordinary
6) Ouio.s ... Do.
10 j Do. ... Deep
10 Kodrt mixture Ordinary
10 Do. ... Deep
... F. Y. M. ... V2\ tons
D>. ... P%
...Nil ... Nil
... Castor-cake, s-nll*
Da ... Do.
... Nil ... Nil
... Nil „. Nil
June
D>.
Inrotit:on. IrH/atcd.
... Ja» u .ry ^
l>>. ...
II-.
Do.
D.
Nd.
Irri rated.
Do.
Do. _ Nil.
Do. ... Nil.
The results of Vari&li are as under :-—
Cro/.
Variali
Plot No. 3")
ordinarily ploughed.
Plot No. 4
Yield per aere
1 deeply plou?be I.
Yield per aere.
Value of i C«M of
produce. | cultivation.
i
Vidua of Cost of
Grain. [ t?lraw.
ft rain. Mraw.
LI*.
3.IV4
produce, cultivation*
t
Lbd. |
1.744 | ...
Re. a. p. lis. a> p.
140 5 8 11 s a
Rm. a. p Rs. a. p.
170 9 4 i)k 8
The results, of Bajri and onions /ire as under : —
Plot No. 8 ordinarily pluugl ed. Plot No. 39 deeply ploa^he 1.
Crop.
Yield per acre.
Value of
pr duce.
Yied per acre.
Cost of
Value »»f
produce.
Rs. a. p
24
2 1 13 6
O wt of
Grain.
Fodder.
cultivation.
Gain.
Fodder.
c i.tivati »n«
A. Bajri
B. Onions ...
Lbs
19,2f0
Lbs.
6,1^2
Rs. a. p
29 5 8
210 10 4
tt«. a. p Lbs.
L>0 13 | 631
112 4 4 19, -70
Lbs.
-\702
R*. a. p.
■J3 5
117 4 4
Bajri was a very promising crop but was damaged by late
rains* Both the plots of onions are similar in yield.
The results of Kodra are as under : —
Plot No. 29 ordinarily ploughed.
Plot No, 40 deeply ploughed*
Crop.
Yield per acre.
Value of
produce.
Cost of
cultivation .
Yield per acre.
Value of . Cost of
Grain.
Fodder.
Grain.
F dder
Lbs.
94S
Fibre
68
623 i
produce.
Rs. a p.
8 15
20 9 4
6 12 4
20 1 8
cultivation.
KoJra
T:d
8heria
Tuver ~
Lbs.
460
288
128
612
Lbs.
052
Fibre
OS
;o2
Rs. a. p
9
24 4 8
6 4
23 10 8
Rs. a. p
j IS 4
Lbs
4c 6
144
552
Its. a. p.
> 20 12
1
62 5 8
£6 6 4
» 992—2
10
9. Series V. — The object was to see the effects of deep and
ordinary ploughing on the following rotation and to compare it
with other 8 : —
1st year ... ... Bijri and mixture,
2nd year ... ... Kodra and mixture.
8rd year ... ... Bivto, V61 and castors.
The following table shows the details of plots and cultivation
in this series: —
Area in
gunthas.
Crop.
Tillage.
Manure.
In rotation
or continuous.
Irrigat-
ed or
not.
Plot
No.
i
Time of
appli.
cation.
83
44
31
42
32
43
10
10
10
10
10
10
BAjri and mixture .j Ordinary
Do. ...J Deep
Kodra and mixture.) Ordinary
Do. ...i Deep
Kavto, castors and 1 Ordinary ,.
Val. !
Do. ... Deep
P. Y. M.
D>. ...
NU ...
Nii
Nil
Nil
\
5 to-s ... June ...
Do. ... Do. ...
\'f'l
Nil
NU ...
Nil
!
In rotation ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
DO. .M
Do. ...
Do. ...
NU.
\'U.
yu.
NU.
su.
NiL
The results of B4jri mixture are as under : —
Plot No. 32 ordinarily ploughed.
Plot No. 43 deeply ploughed.
Cror>
Yield per acre.
Value of
produce.
Cost of
cultivation.
Yield per acre.
Valne of
produee.
Coat of
Grain.
Poddcr.
Grain.
Straw.
cultivation.
Bajri
Math
Mag
Tnver
Lbs.
304
44
360
308
Lbs.
2,632
296
2,698
428
Rs. a. p.
15 10
1 11
16 6 8
11 7
Rs. a. p.
36 6 8
Lbs.
34*
40
289
184
Lbs.
2,680
2S8
1,816
216
Kg. a- p.
17 8 4
19 4
12 6
6 12 8
Rs. a. p.
(s8 12 8
45 2 8
38 4 4
The read
tsof I
Coira J
mixture
are as i
under
■
Plot No. 81 ordinarily ploughed.
Plot No. 42 deeply ploughed.
Crop.
Yield per arte.
Value of
produce.
Cost of
cultivation.
Yield per acre.
Value of
produce.
Cost of
Grain.
Fodder.
Grain.
Fodder.
cultivation.
Koto
Tal
Sheria
Taver ,..
Lbs.
1,1 2S
48
196
232
Lbs.
2,084
Fibre
81
260
Rs. a. p.
22 2 4
4 8
8 12 4
8 7 8
Rs. a. p.
H8 12
J
Lb*.
1,076
244
276
272
Lbs.
2,040
Fibre
100
300
Rs. a. p.
21 2 8
23 9 4
11 7 4
10 15 4
Re. a. p.
1
J-21 4
1
)
43 7
63 2 8
11
The results of Bdvto, castors and V61 are as under : —
Crop,
Plot No* M ordinarily ptooghed.
Yield per acre.
1 Yataeof Cost of
, produce, cultivation.
Grain.
Fodder.
Plot No, it deeplj ptongned.
Yield per acre.
Onto. [Fodder. ,
; Value of
' | pT'dlK*.
Crmtot
cultivation.
B4vto
Castors
V41 green pods
Do. Graio
Ra, a. p. | Lba, | Lbs. Be, a p. I Re. a. p.
1.33!
3*8
711
IS! ■ 3.5** 47 6 4 S
I** ... , 16 12 If..
ril - I 9 14 © l
H : ... i io o J
8
I 70 9 4
10. Series VI.— The object was to see the effects of ordinary
and deep ploughing on the following rotation and to compare it
with others : —
1st year ... ... Sugarcane.
2nd year ... ... Chillies.
3rd year ... ... Brtjri
The following statement shows the details of plots, crops,
cultivation, etc., in this series: —
Plot
flo.
Area
in
jran-
thas.
45A
53A
45B
53fi
46A
54A
48B
54B
40
67
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Crop.
Tillage.
Manure.
Kind.
<*»£**»! Time of
P* r . application.
Sugarcane.
Do, ..
Do. ..
To. ..
Do. ...
Do. ..
Do. ...
Do.
Chllles
Do.
Do.
Do.
Bdjri
Do.
Do.
Do.
In rotation or
oontinnona.
;}
8,000 lbs.
no. ..
,000 lbs.
4X) lbs.
Do.
4.000 lbs.
400 lbs.
Do.
t,000 lbs >
200 lba. I
200 1b. f
PC. J
1,000 lb.
Do. ...
2,000 lbs. J
600 lbs, j"
Do. ...
Nil ...
Nil
Nil ...
Nil ...
Ma;
ij-Jnlj
In
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do-
Do.
Do,
Do.
Do.
Do.
rotation
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Dj,
Do.
Do.
Do.
D«».
Do.
Irrigated
or not.
Irrigated.
Do,
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Da
Do,
Da
Do.
Do.
Do.
Sugarcane was planted in May but on account of white ants,
germination was very poor. It was also attacked by borers after-
wards and the crop was ploughed up.
12
Results of Bajri are as under : —
Plot No». 47-48 ordinarily ploughed.
Plot > T os. 65-5« deeply plouj,
hcd.
Crop.
Yield per acre.
Yalae of
produce.
R*. a. p.
IS 4 2
Cost of
cultivation.
Yield per acre.
Value of
produce.
Cost of
cultivation.
Grain.
Lb?.
644
Fodder.
Grain.
Fodder.
Bjri ...
Lbs.
6,503
Rs. 8. p.
19 12 4
Lis.
578
Lbs.
6,972
Rs. a. p.
150 10
Rs. a. p.
22 4 4
The crop was damaged by late rains.
The results of chillies are as under :-
Plot
No.
Crop.
40 ! Chillies
67
eo
69
Do.
To.
Do.
Tillage.
Ordinary
Deep
Ordinary
Manure.
Deep
... Castor-cake
.... Do.
...I Superphosp hate
I + castor-cuke.
Do.
Yield
per
acre.
Lbs.
752
2,639
1,7«6
Value cf Cost of
produce, cultivation.
Rs. a. p.
15 10 8
64 14 8
37 3 4
I
Rs. a. p.
119 11
138 13 4
132 14 4
107 8 I 150 15 4
Remarks.
Totally damage il
by white ants.
The results are very poor.
11. Series VIL — The object was to see the effects of deep
and ordinary ploughing on the following rotations and to compare
it with ethers:—
1st year ... ... (a) Bajri,
(/;) Wheat.
2nd year ... ... Kodra and mixture
The details of plots, crops, cultivation, etc., are as under:—
Area
in
gun-
thas.
Crop,
Tillage.
Manure.
In rotation
or continuous.
Plot
No.
Quantity
Kind. | per
-acre.
Time of
application.
Irrigated
or not.
62
60
61
69
10
10
»{
10
Kodra mix-
ture.
Do.
(a) Bajri ...
(6) Wheat ...
Do. ...
Ordinary ...
Deep
[■Ordinary . .
Deep
yu
yu
fl\ Y. M..
yu
m
yu
10 tons ...
yu
yu »m
[■June ...
June
In rotation...
Do.
Do.
Do.
Nil.
ya.
ryu. ,
\ Irrigated
V:
13
The results of Kodra mixture are as under :—
Plot No. IS ordinarily ploughed.
Ploi No. 60 deeply ptitttgfced.
Tir Id per acre.
Fodder.
Valneof
produce.
Cost of
cultivated.
Lbe.
Lbe.
Rs. a. p. ' Be a* p.
Lbe. Lbe.
Re a. p.
Re. a. p.
Kodra
we
1.188
io o n
934 1 S.088 !
M0 4 *
T.l
8k
...
7 14|
80 | ... |
6 10
Fibre
; Y IB 18
; Fibre ••
>tl 1
Shem _
ise
58
8 7 0>
114 . M i
6 6
Twer .-
860
880
» 9 4 ;
441 | 628
16 8 4
1
44 8
46 11 4
1 The results of Bajri and wheat are as under : —
Crop.
Plot No. 61 ordioarU>- ploughed.
Plot No. 69 deeply ploughed.
Yield l
Grain. Fodder.
A. Bajri
B. Wheat
Lbe.
74S
983
Lbe.
6,408
1.984
Taloeof
produce.
Re. a. p.
31 8
86 16 4
(Vet of
coltiration.
Yield per aero.
Grab I Fodder.
Ha. a. p. I Lbe.
48 6 4
Lbe.
676 j 5,408
I
60
i.<38 ! J,:;*
Value of I Coetof
prodoee. (cultivation.
Be. a. p.
89 IS
60 7 4 I €8 14
Re. a. p.
44 IS O
The yield is below the average.
12. Series VIIL— The object was—
(1) to compare the effects of farmyard manure -+ castor-
cake + green manures ;
(2) to compare the effects of deep ploughing ;
(3) to compare the effects of taking 3 crops in a year with
those of taking the same crops in 2 years.
The details of plots, crops and treatment are as under : —
Manures.
1
Area
in
gUJH
thas.
Crop.
Tillage.
1
In rotation
or continuous.
Plot
No.
Kind.
(Quantity
Time of I
Irrigated
or not.
Iter acre, i
application.
(
Bain ...
Potatoes ~
Ordinary ...
F. Y. M. ...
10 tons...
June „.
Continuous ...
XiL
(1
10{
Do. ...
Castor-cake...
8C0 lbe. .
December ...
Do.
Irrigated.
\
Sundhia ...
Do. ...
xa ~.
At* ...
xa ~
Do. _
71
10
Do. ...
Deep
Ordinary ...
Do.
Do. ...
Do.
Do.
Do.
(
Potatoes ...
Ban
Green
manure
)
63
10 \
August
AtT
> In rotation ...
Do.
\
Sundhia ...
Do. ..
m
m „
j
72
10
Do. ..
Deep
Ordinary ...
Do.
Do. -.
Do.
Do.
Do.
(
Potatoes ...
Caster cake .
8J0IU. .
December ...
)
61
10 \
} In rotation ...
Do.
\
Sundhia ...
Do. .-
XU
mi ...
Nil
J
74
10
Do. ...
T>eep ~
Do. .«
Do. ...
Do. m
Do.
Do.
63
10
Bajri ...
Ordinary ...
Ail
i
Jfil ...
"1 1st year Bajri.
2nd year
y Potatoes
1 with green
XU.
7J
10
Do.
Deep
Ordinary ...
i Ml
Nil
j manure.
Xil.
05
10
Do.
Nil
xn ...
^ let year Bajri,
Xih
2nd year
V Potatoes
1 with castor-
75
10
Do. ...
Deep
Hit
Ail ...
1
J cake.
At*.
11
The results of B6jri, potatoes and Sundhia grown in one year
are as under : —
Plot No. 61 ordinarily ploughed.
Plot No. 71 deeply ploughed.
Crop.
Yield per acre.
Value of
produce.
Cost of
Yield per acre.
Value of
produce.
Cost of
1 Grain.
i
Fodder.
cultivation.
Grain.
Fodder.
cultivation.
A. Bajri
B. Potatoes
0. Sundhia
Lbs.
680
4,080
Lbs.
6,028
6,068
Rs. a. p.
31 11 8
66 15 4
30 6 4
Rs a. p.
98 11 8
137 11 4
29 12
Lhs.
79«
4,9 JO
Lbs.
5,463
5,516
Rs. a. p.
86 10
68
37 9 4
Rs. a. p.
41 3 8
144 7 4
34 12
The results of potatoes and Sundhia grown in rotation with
the above plot are as under : —
-
Plot No. 62 ordinarily ploughed.
Plot No. 72 deeply ploughed.
Crop.
Yield per acre.
Value of
produce.
Cost of
cultivation.
Yield per acre.
Value of
produce.
Cost of
Grain. Fodder.
Grain.
Fodder.
cultivation.
A. Potatoes
B. Sundhia
Lbs. Lbs.
7,520
... , 4,616
Rs. a. p.
103 2
23 1 4
Rs. a. p.
133 10 8
31 2
Lbs.
8,4' K)
Lbs.
6,724
Rs. a. p.
115 3
33 10
Rs. a. p.
138 8
36 10
The results of potatoes and Sundhia grown in rotation with
the above plot are as under : —
Plot No. 64 ordinarily ploughed.
Plot No. 74 deeply ploughed.
Crop*
Yield per acre.
Value of
produce.
Cost of
cultivation.
Yield per acre.
Value of
produce.
Cost of
Grain.
Fodder.
Lbs.
1J924
Grain.
Fodder.
cultivation.
A. Potatoes
B. Sundhia
Lbs.
6,180
Rs. a. p.
84 12
45 10
Rb. a. p.
140
32 12
Lbs.
6,860
Lbs.
8J248
Rs. a. p.
94 1 4
41 4
Rs. a. p.
141 1
39
The results of Bajri grown in rotation with potatoes manured
with green manure are as under : —
Crop.
Plot No. 63 ordinarily ploughed.
riot No. 73 deeply ploughed.
Yield per aero.
Value of
produce.
Cost of
cultivation.
Yield per a?re.
Value of
produce.
Cost of
Grain.
Fodder.
Grain.
Fodder.
culti vafcon
Bajri
Lbs.
688
Lbs.
5,428
Rs. a. p.
31 4 8
Rs. a. p.
27 14 4
Lbs.
024
Lbs.
6,311
Rs. a. p.
33 6 8
Rs. a. p.
SO 6 4
18
j The results of Bajri grown in rotation with potatoes manured
with castor-cake are as under : —
Crop.
Plot No. 65 ordinarily pic
«gbed»
Cost of
Plot No. 78 deeply pbuybel.
Yid 1 per acre.
Value of
TloM pe * tcre. •
Yft]u«af
Cmtof
-
i l
1 Grain. Fodder.
produce. ' cultivitioj.
i
Gra'u.
produce.
Fodder.
cultivation.
Bijri
~ ...
I Lbs. ! Lbs.
...j 678 | 5.980
Bs. a, p.
83 9
Rs. a. p.
47 18
Lbs.
851
Lbs. Bs. a. p.
8,018 { 88 14 4
Bs. a. p.
80 7 8
B£jri in all plots is below the average owing to the damage
done by the late rains. Potato cultivation was costly owing to the
high price of seed potatoes. The seed was purchased at Rs. 2-8-0
per maund and the produce was sold at As. 10 per maund. This is
due to the variation in the market. The plot m mured with green
manure and deeply ploughed has alone given an average outturn*
Salt water of the well seems to have had some effect on the potatoes.
From the Jowar plots it seems that the green manure leaves less
manurial residue for the next crop than farmyard manure.
13. Series IX.— The object was to compare the effects of
deep and ordinary ploughing on the following crops and rotations
and to compare Rozi cotton with Broach cotton : —
(a) 1st year Eodra and mixture.
2nd „ Brijri mixture.
3rd „ Broach cotton.
(b) 1st year Kodra mixture and Rozi cotton.
2nd „ ... ... Bijri do.
The details of plots, crops, cultivation, etc., are noted below : —
Plot
No.
Area
in
gunthas.
Crop.
Tillage.
Manure.
fa rotation
Irrigated
or not.
Kind.
Quantity
per acre.
Time of
application.
or
continuous.
63
78
66
76
07
77
70
80
69
79
10
1*
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Kodra mixture.
Do.
Bijri and mix-
ture.
Do.
Cotton
Do.
<t>dra mixture
and Rozi
cotton.
Do.
Bajri mixture
and Bozi
cotton.
Do.
Ordinary ..
Doep
Ordinary ...
Deep
Ordinary ...
Deep
Ordinary ...
Deep
Ordinary ...
Deep
NU
Nil
Nil
Nil
P. T. M....
Do.
Nil
Nil
F. T. M....
Do. ...
Nil
Nil
NU
Nil
6 tons
Do.
NU
Nil
5 tons ..,
Do.
June
Do.
Jane
Da.
In rotation.
Do. ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Do. .„
Do. ...
Do. ...
K z
■» ...
Nil.
Ni\
Nil.
Nil.
Nil.
Nil.
Nil.
Nil.
Nil.
16
Results of Kodra mixture are as under : —
Plot No. 08 ordinarily ploughed.
Plot No. 73 deeply ploughed.
Crop.
Yield per aoie.
Value of
produce.
Cost of
cultiration.
Yield per acre.
1
Value of 1 Coat of
Grain.
fodder.
Grain.
Folder.
produce, cultivation.
Kodra
Tal
Sberia
Tuyer
LI*.
2,060
40
800
624
Lhs.
4,44)
Fibre
168
723
Rs. a. p.
41 4
3 6
15 6 8
22 14 4
Ra. a. p.
M8 4 8
1
Lbs.
1.520
44
149
828
Lbs.
3,080
Fibre
R4
941
Rs a. p.
30 O
3 11 4
7 10 4
30 5 8
Rs. a. p.
1
J- 20 12 8
1
J
83 11
71 11 4
Kodra mixture was a very good crop.
The results of Bajri mixture are as under : —
Plot No. 66 ordinarily ploughed.
Plot No. 76 doep'.y ploughed.
Crop.
Yield per acre.
Value of
produce.
Cost of •
cultivation.
Yield per acre.
Value of
produce.
Coat of
Grain.
Fodder.
Grain.
Fodder.
cultivation.
Bajri
Math
Mug
Tuver
~
Lbs.
5S4
48
208
Lbs.
5,2*0
308
1,148
Nil
Rs. a p.
7 9
1 12 9
8 12 8
Rs. a. p.
1 81 15 4
Lbs
480
44
160
Lbs.
5,066
288
493
Nil
Rs. a. p.
26 5
1 11
12 4
Rs. a. p.
[aw 4
40 13 4
34 12 4
Bajri crop is below the average. Tuver plants were totally
smothered when the Bajri plants were laid down by rain. Math
and Mag also suffered.
The results of Broach cotton are as under : —
Plot No. 67 ordinarily ploughed
Plot No. 77 deeply ploughed.
Crop.
Yield per acie.
Vulne of
produce.
Cost of
cultivation
Yield per acre.
Valuo of 1 Cost of
Peed rotten.
Seed cottou.
produce.
Rs. a. p.
80 7
cultivation.
Broach cotton
Lbs.
828
Rs. a. p.
67 4 4
Rs. a. p.
GO 14 8
Lbs.
993
Rs. a, p.
33 6 8
On these plots cotton was not attacked with wilt disease.
The outturns were very good. The deep ploughed plot has given
the better yield.
17
The results of Kodra mixture with Rozi cotton are as under :—
Plot No. 70 ordinarily ploughed.
Plot Xo. 80 deop'y ploughed
Crop.
Kodra
Tad
Sherla
TuTer
Bozi oottoo ...
TieM per acre.
Grain.
Fodder.
Lbs.
LU.
864
1,748
52
...
Fibre
140
84
60S
Seed
724
Value of Goat of
produce, cultivation.
Yield per arc.
Gr»:n. F> rider,
VaJceof
produce.
cotton I
42
Rs. a. p. Be, a. p
17 3 1
4
774 V 17 H ft
22 6 4 i " 8
2 10 J
63 15 8
Lbs. I
83) i
3e
1*4
Scd
c jtton
26
"1"
Lbe.
! Fill- i
10)
4*1
Co* Of
ttltlTatlttU
B« a p ,
17 H «> >
3 8
9 '. ft |
II U 8 '
1 10
43 3 4 j
R» ft. p.
. 2) 8
The results of B
[jri mixture ;
ire as under
• ~ """"
Plot No. 69 <
.rdinarily ploughed.
P
Yidd p
lot No. 79 deeply ploughed*
Crop.
Yield per acre.
Value of
produce.
Cost '.(
cultivation .
Bs« a* p.
[ 37 8 4
1
1
>
er acre.
Value of
pr -due*.
Coat of
Grain.
straw.
Grain , Straw.
J
cultivation.
B4jri
Math
Ma*
Tuver ... ...
Rozi cotton
Lbs.
572
24
2.0
88 i
Seed
cotton
15
LU.
4,310
1E2
1.264
440
R*. a. p
28 2 4
14 4
9 6 4
14 3 4
15
LU.
474
W
3i*
1«
R^el
cotton
16
LU.
3,<MM
90
1,714
210
IU. a. p.
23 13
9 4
13 11
7 2 8
10
Re. ft. p.
t 40 4
1
1
J
58 9 4 | 37 8 4
40 4
40 4
14. Series X. — The object was to find out which of the follow-
ing crops, viz. Tal, Tuver and Tal and Tuver mixed, leaves a better
residue for the next crop. Tal + Tuver and Tal Tuver were sown
last year. Bajri was sown on all these plots thi3 year.
The following are
the details : —
i
*J* j Area in
plot. ; S" nthas -
1
Tillagre.
Last year's crop.
This year's
crop.
Yield p
Grain
era re.
Straw.
Value of
produce."
Coat of
cultivation.
S3
84
86*88
10
]0
20
Ordinary ...
Do.
Do.
Tal
Tuver
Tal + Tuver
Bairi
Do.
Do.
LU.
672
546
LbR.
6 220
4,t2>
K«. a. p.
S3 3
23 10 8
35 3 10
Rs a. p.
23 2 4
22 14 4
19 5 10
The yield of all the plots is b low the average. The plot of
Tal has produced a better yield than either Tuver or Tuver + Tal
together.
B 992—3
18
15. Series XI. — The object was to investigate the theory of
rotations. Tobacco and B£jri are the crops experimented with.
All the plots mentioned below are to receive 20 loads of farm-
yard manure every second year. This wiJl always be applied
to tobacco when this crop is grown on the plot. The following
are the details : —
Ana
in
gnnthas.
Crop.
Tillage.
Manure.
In rotation
or
continuous.
Plot.
Kind.
Quantity
p r
aere.
Time
of
application
Irrigated
or not.
106
100
1)0
111
111
113
114
116
116
117
118
119
120
121
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Tobacco
Bairi
Tobaooo
Do.
Do.
Do.
Bajri
Fallow
Tobaooo
Fallow
Bajri
Do.
Do.
Do.
Ordinary ...
Do.
Do.
Do.
DO.
Do.
Do.
Ordinary ...
Ordinary ...
Do.
Do.
Do.
F. Y. M....
Nil.
F. Y. M....
D>. ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
F.Y M....
F. y.'m...
Do. ...
D». ...
Do. ...
10 tons ...
Nil.
19 tons ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
10 tons ...
10t"ns ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Do.
June
Nil.
June
Do.
Dd.
Do.
Do.
June
June
Po.
Do.
Do.
In rotation.
Do.
Continuous.
Do. ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Rotation ...
Do. ...
Rotation...
D>. ...
Continuous.
Do. ...
Do ...
Do. ...
Nil.
Nil.
Nil.
Nil.
Nil.
Nil.
Nil.
Nil.
Nil.
Nil.
Nil.
Nil.
N H. — Rots Nos. 112, 113, 118, 119 are ring plots to teat tli9 oante.xi-
poraneous effects of a fallow and are not under experiment.
The results of Bajri are as under: —
Plot
Crop.
Manure.
Yield [>cr qcto.
Value of
produce.
Cost of
cultivation.
Remarks.
No.
Grain.
Fodder.
109
114
118
1)9
120
121
Bajri
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
NU
Nil
Farmyard manure.
Do!
Do.
Lbs.
•olQ
636
621
308
410
508
Lbs.
3,741
4,648
4,912
4,1
3,4»J8
8,728
Rs. a. p
21 4 8
26 7 4
30 12 4
17 12
21 14
24 J2
Kb. a. p.
16 9 8
39 15
38 13
37 7
36 9
84 1
In rotation witb
tobaoo.
In rotation with
fallow.
Continuous.
Do.
Da
Do.
The crop is below the average.
The results of tobacco are as under : —
Plot
Crop.
Manure.
Yield per
acre.
Value of
produce
Cost of
cu.ti ration.
Remarks.
No.
Cured
leaves.
108
110
111
112
113
116
Tobacco
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Farmyard manure.
To.
Do.
Do.
Uo.
Do.
Lbs.
280
328
038
816
1,024
1,400
Rs. a. p.
22 6 4
26 3 8
58 1 4
05 4 4
61 7
84
Rs a. p
45 6 6
16 6 4
61 A 8
£0 8 8
67 8
62
Damaged by wilt.
Do.
Damaged by rain.
Damaged by iaia.
Do.
id
Experiments on crops grown continuously.
16. The object was —
(1) to see how long the following crops can be grown
profitably without any manure on the same plots;
(2) to see the effects of deep and ordinary ploughing on
Kodra mixture and on Bajri mixture grown continuously.
The following crops were grown continuously : —
(a) Bajri and mixture.
(b) Kodra and mixture.
(c) B&jri.
(d) Cotton, Broach.
(e) Tobacco (dry).
The Bajri and Kodra mixtures were grown on the following
plots : —
Plot No. 137. — Area 5 gunthas, ordinarily ploughed, not
manured, sown with Bdjii and mixture.
Plot No. 139. — Area 5 gunthas, ordinarily ploughed, not
manured, sown with Kodra and mixture.
Plots Nos. 138, 140. — Area 5 gunthas each, deeply
ploughed, otherwise crops and treatment same as in plots {37
and 139 respectively.
The results of Brijri mixture are as under : —
Crop.
Plot No. 137 ordinarily ploughed.
Plot No. 188 deeply ploughed.
Yield per acre.
! Value of i Coht of
Yield per acre. j
i Value of
I ' produce.
Grain. | Straw. }
Cost of
Grain.
1 produce. I cultivation.
Straw. |
cultivation.
Bajri
Math
Mag
TavtT
Lbs.
472
16
466
376
Lbs. Rs. a. p. ! Bs. a. p.
3,6: ?« 2* 3 b ,^
96 9 4 / „ u
2,330 I 13 12 f - J " 4
408 1J 11 * J
Lbs. 1 LU.
360 ! 3,118
24 | 139
400 1 2,282
296 ' 32 J
Bs. a p.
19 8
13 4
16 15 4
10 12 8
Ba. a. p.
32 3 1
Total ...
! 56 9 4 29 11 4
~
...
48 1 4
32 3 4
, The results of Kodra mixture are ;
s und<*r : —
Plot No. 139 ordinarily ploughed.
Plot No 140 deeply ploughed.
Crop.
Yield per acre.
Value of
produce.
Cost of
cultivation.
Yield per acre.
Value of
produce.
Cort of
Grain. > Straw.
Grain. , Straw.
cultivation.
Kodra
Tal
8beria
Tttver
Lbs. Lbs.
94* , 1,936
200
112 66 fibre
652 1 6J6
Ra. a. p.
18 7 4
16 14 O
6 6 8
20 3 4
Bs. a. p.
1 10 3 4
Lbs. ! Lbs.
ttltf 1 1,272
200 !
152 1 80 fibre
403 j 453
Rs a. p
12 4
16 14
7 8 R
14 14 8
Rs. a. p.
> 21 11 4
Total ...
... j ... 60 16 4
19 3 4
1
1
61 7 4 21 11 4
20
Cotton, Biijri and tobacco crops were grown on the following
plots : —
Plot No. 97. — Area 6 gunthas, ordinarily ploughed, not
manured, sown with Broach cotton.
Plot No. 98. — Area 6 gunthas, ordinarily ploughed, not
manured, sown wiih Bajri.
Plot No. 101. — Area 4J gunthas, ordinarily ploughed, not
manured, planted with tobacco.
The results are as under : —
Plot
Crop.
Manure,
Yield par acre.
Value of
produce.
Cost of
cultivation*
No.
Grain.
Straw,
C7
98
101 B
Cotton
lijjri
Tobacco
Nil ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Lbs.
Seed cotton.
263
360
Cured leaves
633
Lbs.
27833
•••
Rs. a. p.
21 6 2
22 3
42 6 10
Rs. a. p.
13 13 1
25 3 10
38 S 1
Bdjri was damaged by rain. More than half the area of cotton
was destroyed by wilt.
Cultural Experiments.
Series I. — The object was —
(1) to compare B^jri and Bdjro sown 1/ apart withBdjri and
B&jro sown 1^' apart ;
(2) to compare the yield of B&jri with that of B6jro ;
(3) to compare Broach cotton sown 1|' apart with cotton
sown 2' apart,
B£jri and Bajro were grown on the following plots : —
Plot No. 104. — Area 10 gunthas, ordinarily ploughed, not
manured, sown with Bajri 1' apart.
Plot No. 105. — Area 10 gunthas, ordinarily ploughed, not
manured, sown with B£jro 1' apart.
r Plot No. 122A. — Area 8-g- gunthas, ordinarily ploughed,
not manured, sown with Bajri 1£' apart.
Plot No. 122B. — Area 8£ gunthas, ordinarily ploughed,
not manured, sown with Bajro 1 J' apart.
21
The results of Bdjri and Bajro are as under : —
Plot
No,
Crop.
Treatment.
104
12A
105
122B
Bajri
Do.
Bajro
Do.
,,; Kown 1' apart ..
. , Sown 1 i' apart .
J Sowu 1' apart ..
,.' Sown 1^' apart.
Yield per
5CC.
Grain.
Straw.
Lbe.
i 464
480
221
J 2S7-
Lbs.
4,472
4,<m
3,068
2,626
Vaineof
prod ace.
Cost of
culfrration.
Bs. a, p.
25 8
23 6 3
17 12
15 3 6
Ba» a. p.*
16 IS 8
18 5 3
17 5 8
17 11 10
The crops are below the average. Bijri sown 1'
given the better return, while Bdjro sown 1 J' apart has
better outturn.
Cotton was sown under similar conditions in the following
plots : —
Plot Nos. 102-103.— Area 10 gunthas each,
ploughed, not manured, and sown with Broach
apart.
Plot Nos. 106-107.— Area 10 gunthas each,
ploughed, not manured, sown with Broach cotton 2'
The results are as under : —
apart has
given the
ordinarily
cotton l|'
ordinarily
apart.
1
Plot
No.
Crop.
Treatment.
Yield
of seed
cotton per
acre.
Vain* of
produce.
Cost of
cultivation.
102
103
106
107
Broach cotton
Do.
Do.
Do.
Sown 1}' apart ...
Do.
Sowu 2' apart
Do.
Lbs.
228
694
394
3S4
Bs. a. p.
18 8 4
56 7
32 4
31 3 4
Rs. a. p.
17 4
18 4 4
16 13 a
15 9
The plots were much affected by wilt disease.
18. Series II.— The object was to compare Bajri and Guwar
sown as separate crops with Bdjri and Guw£r sown mixed
together.
Plot Nos. 123-124.— Area 1 acre, ordinarily ploughed,
not manured, sown with Bdjri and Guw£r mixed together.
Plot Nos. 125-126.— Area 1 acre, ordinarily ploughed,
not manured, sown with Guwdr.
The results are as under : —
22
riot
No.
104
125,126
12$, 124 |
Crop.
Bajri
Guwar
Bajri
Gawar
Manured.
Yiold per
acre.
Grain.
1
Lbs.
- Nil
464
, Do.
865
' Do.
852
IDo.
880
Fodder.
Lb*.
4,172
844
4,266
855
Value o-
produce.
)
Rs, a. p.
25 8
23 5 8
29 2 4
Cost of
cultivation.
Bs. a. p.
16 !3 8
30 13 10
21 12 8
B6jri was damaged by rain. This year Guwdr alone seems
to be profitable.
Trial of new crops.
19. Cotton. — The object was —
(1) to introduce Ldlio and W£gad cottons which are exten-
sively grown in the Ahrtoedabad District ;
(2) to see whether Lnlio cotton can be grown profitably
with irrigation.
The results are as under : —
Plot
No.
Area.
Crop.
Tillage.
Manure.
Irrigated
or not.
Yield
of sec d
cotton
per acre.
Value of
produce.
Cost of
cultivation.
81
82
127.
128
J 20
20
20
Ulio ...
Do.
Wag*d ...
Ordinary .
Do. ...
Do. ...
F. Y. M. .
Nil
Do.
Irrigated .
Nil
Do.
Lbs.
709
491
311
Bs. a. p.
57 11
39 14 4
25 4 4
Us. a. p.
52 7 8
15 6 i
16 8 2
L&lio irrigated was a very promising crop but nearly half
the area was destroyed by " wilt disease."
20. Dhdrwdr* American cotton. — About 20 gunthas were sown
with this cotton. The germination was not satisfactory. The ger-
minated plar ts were attacked with white ants and wilt disease.
The whole plot was ploughed in.
The following varieties of cotton were sown on a small area
to see the variation in the percentage of lint due to differences in
soil and climate : —
23
i
j Pereeniap' of
No.
Name of the cou»n variety.
lint to roe J-
!•• ••
cotton.
1
Devkap&s
• • • %
25-3
2
Rozi
• • • i
)»» ..
268
3
Naden
• •• «
•• • •
81-6
4
Wigad
•• •
>•• • •
28
5
Kampta
• •• i
• • ••
27-5
6
Broach
••• i
>•• . •
31-8
7
Goghari
...
• • • •
383
8
Mathio
...
• • ••
27-2
9
Jari
• • •
»•• ••
286
10 I
Vairfdi
••• i
»•• ••
35-2
11
Contilla
• ••
•• ••
44-5
12 !
Bani
• *•
..
26
21. Bdjri. — The following new varieties were grown : —
(1) Natal Bdjri.
(2) West African Bajri.
The results are as under : —
Plot
No.
Area
in
gnnthas.
Crop.
Tillage.
Manure.
Yield per
aero.
Value
of
produce.
Co*
of
Grain,
Fodder
cuftiration.
96
142
13
6
Natal Bajri ...
VVeit African
Bajri.
Ordinary .
Do. ...
Nil ...
00. ...
Lbs.
323
1,066
Lbs.
4,997
5,506
R*. ».* p.
19 8 3
87 15 9
Ba, a. p.
17 4 6
27 2 6
Natal Bijri was much damaged by rain. The growth was
just like ordinary Bdjri : the ear was somewhat longer and the grain
smaller.
West African Bajri was not much affected by rain. The
stalks were thbk with plenty of aereal roots. The leaves were
broader than ordinary Bajri plants and the appearance of the crop
was like maize. Tne ears were very long, some measuring 21 inches.
The grain was very small and yellow.
22. Soybeans. — The following varieties of soybeans were
grown : —
I. — Black-seeded.
II. —Yellow-seeded.
HI. — Extra early black-seeded.
IV.— Extra early.
24
These varieties were first sown in May. The germination was
not satisfactory owing to exoesssive heat. The germinated plants
were parched up. The seed was again sown in the monsoon.
The germination was fair. The plants were progressing well till
the end of August, but owing to heavy and constant rains all the
plants rotted. The yield was practically nothing. A few plants
only seeded.
23. Groundnut. — The object was to treat the plots as a pro-
tection against white ants.
Four plots, each one guntha in area, were put under ground-
nut as under : —
(1) To be treated with Jambho as green.
(2) To be treated with kerosine.
(3) To be treated with castor-cake.
(4) To be treated with nothing.
The results are as under : —
Area
in
guntfaos.
Crop.
Treatment.
1
Groundnut .
Green manure
of Jambho.
1
Do. ...
Castor-eake-.
I
Do. .-
Kerosine .«
1
Po. ...
Nil
Number
of
water-
ings.
Yield per
acre.
Good
Podi.
Rotten
Pods.
443
1,1 2;) 320
840 2.0
OSO 450
Extent of
damage.
33-3 per cect
27-7 „ ..
2-3 „ ..
413 „ ..
Remark*,
Jambho was grown in the cold
weather of 1904 and was ploughed
iu; a few patches were made by
white ants. Crop was looking
rather pale.
A few plants were seen destroyed by
whi e ants ; 15 lbs. castor-eake was
applied in 2 doses.
K io iue '3lb3. • was applied to 6
waterings; a few plants were seen
attacked by white ants. Crop
looked paler.
Much attacked with white ants.
Crop ranch p:.lcr.
Green manure in addition to its nianurial value seems to have
some effect on white ants.
Castor-cake seems to have less effect on white ants than
kerosine, but appears to influence the yield greatly.
The kerosine oil appears to have had a good effect on white
ants.
24. China mustard.— Two varieties, viz., Cai Trang and Cai
Sen, were transplanted in December. The plants grew very
luxuriantly but the yield of grain was very poor.
25
The percentages of oil in these varieties are as under t —
Cai trang
Cai sen
30»57 per cent.
31-42 ft
25. San.— This year again san was sown for fibre and seed.
The plants grew very vigorously but owing to heavy rains no
pods were formed.
The results are as under :—
Area in
gnntlias.
Crop.
Yield per acre*
Vataeof
produce.
Cojftof
No.
Grain.
Fibre.
cultivation.
9C
12
Sua •••
Lbs.
66
Lbs.
473
Rs. a. p.
25 5 3
Rs. a. p.
28 7
Extracting fibre by hired labour is very costly. A sample
of San fibre was valued by the Bombay Chamber of Commerce
at Rs. 60 per candy of 588 lbs. and of Ambadi at Rs. 40.
26. Kamod rice. — Kamod rice was again planted this year,
but owing to the sandy nature of the soil it was not successful as
this variety requires plenty of water. It was watered four times
from the well.
The following are the results : —
No.
Area in
gunthas.
Cro,-.
Treatment.
Yield per acre.
Value of
produce.
Us. a. p.
39 4 7
Cost of
Grain. Fodder.
cultivation.
92
7
Rice
f.y. m. ...
Lbs. J lbs.
C85 . 2,783
!
R*. a. p.
55 9
27. Barley. — A sample of a six-rowed barley variety called
Mandeschendi was sown on a small area in the rabi season. The
seed did not germinate.
28. Wheat barley. — A sample of wheat barley from Cawnpore
was sown on a small area. The germination was good. The plants
did not grow vigorously. Thoy were smaller than ordinary barley*
The yield was poor, viz., 120 lbs. per acre.
B992~-4
29. Tobacco. — The following statement gives the details of
several varieties of tobacco grown on this farm : —
Name of the
variety.
No.
of
leaves.
Height
of tbe
plant.
Measurement Meatuiement
of the 1 of the
top leaf. I largest kaf .
Eemarks.
Talwm
Hftvana
Java P.
Wlinri
Spanish
Florida
JavaD.
Snmatia
17
15
16
18
16
18
19
21
V 10"
r B'
8' 6'
2' 6*
2' 10"
3 z r
8' 5"
8' 6*
V xU 1
e # xir
6" xlO*
V xll*
6i*xi<r
51"xl8"
7i w xl2 w
7" xl2"
IV xl8"
18 ¥ xlF
11J* x 16*
9*'xl6'
9" xtf
V xl5i"
9*" x 35"
9" xlS"
Greenish, thickest, not spotted.
Beddish, thick, brittle spotted.
Yellowish, thick, spotted.
Wliitisb, thick, spotted.
Reddish yellow, thick midrib,
very thick spotted.
Yellowish losses thin and narrow.
Yellowish, brittle thick i>nd narrow.
Yellowish, leaves conical*
All these varieties are more or less degenerating. A curing
house is now constructed and experiments on curing on improved
methods will be undertaken next season.
Pests.
30. Sugarcane borer (Ohilo simplex). — The attack was detect-
ed in May when the sugarcane sets were sprouting. The attack
was severe and the damage done to the young crop was great.
31. Caterpillars. — The crops of rice, tobacco, cotton and
brinjals were attacked with caterpillars. The attack was slight.
32. Kdtras or hairy caterpillars. — In tbe beginning of July
Kdtras were seen attacking Bajri, cotton, San, etc. They preferred
San to other crops. The attack was slight.
33. White ants. — Owing to the sandy nature of the soil white
ants are very disastrous. The whole crop of chillies and sugar-
cane was damaged by them.
34. Smut. — See above.
The farm seed was steeped before sowing in ^ per cent, copper
sulphate solution but unfortunately the printed instructions
followed (not issued by me) were faulty. Correct instructions
have now been issued,
35. Wilt disease. — Some of the cotton and tobacco plots were
very much damaged by this disease.
36. Bdngdi blight. — A very few plants of potatoes were seen
attacked with this blight in the young stage. The damage was
very slight. The attacked plants were removed and burnt.
27
37. Mildew. — On account of rain in the beginning of February
the crop of jiru was attacked with mildew. Subsequently much more
damage was done to the crop by subsequent rain than by mildew.
Cross Breeding.
38. Several crosses made last year were sown this season.
The following crosses grem vigorously : —
Tree cotton + Abaori.
Do. + Sea Island.
Da + Texas big boll.
The following table gives the details of crosses made during
this year : —
Rough Penman
Kidney.
Kidney
X
Rough PerurUn.
Kidney
X
16*
Number of
flowers
crossed.
Number
of bolls
formed.
Number of
bolls
obtained.
Nnmber of
flowers
crossed.
Nnmber
of bolls
formed.
Number of
bolls
obtained.
Nnmber of
flowers
crossed.
Nnmber
of to Is
Jotmed,
Number
of bolls
obtained.
64
50
9
134
72
43
55
20
12
Irrigational Experiments.
39. To find out what quantity of water is required by each
irrigated crop, the quantity of water supplied at each irrigation was
measured either through the rectangular notch or by measuring
tanks.
The following table gives the details of the quantity of water
taken by several crops per acre during the year under report : —
Crop.
Tobacco ...
Variali ...
Ohillies ...
Wheat ... ,
Bice
Brinjals ...
^ira
Lalio cotton
Potatoes ...
Snndh-a Jowiir
Onicn ...
Quantity
Quantity
of water
of water
at the time
at the first
of sowing.
watering.
Gallons.
Gallons.
...
Nil.
41,250
...
Do.
56,260
Do.
82,500
...
107,500
76,250
• ••
Nil.
94,117
...
Do.
44 444
77,600
43,750
...
N:l.
60000
...
97,600
37,600
...
64,650
66,562
GO,0CO
37,500
Quantity
of water
at the 2nd
watering.
Gallons.
40,000
70.000
52,600
80,000
67.575
41,666
37,500
40.000
37,500
42,975
38,812
Total
Number
of
wftcr-
inga.
3
9
13
7
2
32
4
3
7
6
14
Tot J
quantity
of water
applied.
Gallons.
112,825
486,912
5^2,700
500,262
101,692
524,880
201,250
127,250
313,750
294,262
628,487
28
New Implements.
40. Watt's chain plough works well in the moist alluvial
soils. It is like a Swedish plough with one handle.
Other implements, such as Turn- wrest plough and the Nile
plough, continue te give satisfaction.
Experiments made off the Station.
41, To make popular special fertilizers sodium nitrate was
distributed to cultivators for trial on tobacco. The fields were
manured and irrigated as usual.
Sodium nitrate was applied at the rate of 120 lbs. per acre to
half the plot in addition to the farmyard manure. The cost of
sodium nitrate is Rs. 12 per acre.
The results are as under : —
Yield of
Increment
Field
No.
Area.
. Manure used.
cured
lea ves per
Value of
produce.
in value due
to sodium
acre.
nitrate.
Lbs.
Ks. a. p.
Rs. a. p.
c
14
Farmyard manure
...
•••
1,045
104 9
>
1]
23
Farmyard manure
and
sodium
> 33 14
I
nitrate
•••
...
1,381
138 7
)
(
84
Farmyard manure
•••
•••
1,283
128 5
)
2 i
24
Farmyard manure
and
sodium
[ 2713 O
(
nituro
•••
•••
1,661
156 2
i
l
82
Farmyard manure
•••
...
2,296
229 10
)
3 I
32
Farmyard manure
and
sodium
IS -25 8 O
204 2 )
nitrate ...
...
...
2,041
In the first two fields the sodium nitrate has produced a better
outturn.
Engine and Pump.
42. The oil engine and pump installed for irrigation purposes
on this farm are working well. The details were reported in
the last report.
Ensilage.
43. This season the silo was filled with green grass. In
September 65,000 lbs. green grass was put in the silo within four
days. The contents were covered with a layer of earth 1^' deep on
the top. The silo was opened on the 14th April. The grass on the
sides of the wall of the silo was rotten to the extent of 6" all round*
29
The following analyses show the comparative value of silage
made from grass and green Sundhia. Silage will be of great use
in the hot weather where dairy cattle are kept : —
SundbU silage.
Green grass
silage.
Remarks.
Moisture
Oil, wax, Ac.
Albuminoids
Soluble carbohydrate
Woody fibre ... ...
Soluble mineral matter
Sand ...
61-69 7364
1-96 1-31
2-87 1-70
21-05 ' 12-26
15-52 ; 7-77
2-93 ! 1-45
3-98 ! 1-87
• i
Sundhia silage was
reported on as a
sample of very good
silage, and that of
the green grass as an
average sample of
moderately sour
silage.
100-00 ! 100
Total nitrogen ...! -806
Albuminoid nitrogen ... 463
•342
•272
JPoona, ^
September 1907. )
F. FLETCHER,
Deputy Director of Agriculture.
u 3*2-5
BOMBAY: PRINTU* AT THE GOVhRNMl-ttT CHNTKAL FRKSS.
; V
,s
^department of IflifnilhiH j / Bpmi*>1H"'i
ANNUAL REPORT
ON THE
EXPERIMENTAL WORK
OF THE
POONA AGRICULTURAL STATION
INCLUDING
KIRKEE CIVIL DAIRY
AND
LANOWLI AGRICULTURAL STATION
FOR JHE TEAK.
1006-1907
BY
F. FLETCHER, M.A., B.Sc, etc.,
A$. Projetsor of Argicullvre.
BOMBAY
tMtlNTBD AT THE GOVERNMENT CENTRAL PRKSS
1907
[Price — 7a. or &d~\
UNCIAL AGENTS FOR THE SALE OF INDIAN OFFICIAL
NIUGATIOIIS.
JPfl -SMjpSs^RsT*
E. A. Arnold, 41 ft*, liaidox Street, Bond Stmt, W., London.
Constable ft Co., 10, Orss^e Street, Leicester Square, W. 0., London
Grindlay ft Co* M, Paitianwmt Street, 8. W., Louies
Henry S. King ft Co* 65, Cornhill, E. C., London
P. S. King ft Sottt 2 ft 4, Great Smith Stmt, Westminster, S.W.,
London.
Kegan Fault Trench, Trnbner ft Co., 43, Gerrmrd Street, Soho, W.,
London*
B. Quaritch, 11, Grafton Street, New Bond Street, W„ London.
T. Fisher Unwin, 1, Adelphi Terrace, London, W. C.
W. Thacker ft Co., 2, Creed Lane. London. E. C.
B. H. Blackwell, 50 & 51, Broad Street, Oxford.
Deighton Bell ft Co., Cambridge.
On the Continent.
Friedlander ft Sohn, 11, Carlstrasse, Berlin.
Rudolf Hanpt, Halle-a-S., Germany.
Otto Harrassowiti, Leipzig.
Karl W. Hiersemann, Leipsig.
Ernest Leroux, 28, Ru6 Bonaparte, Paris.
Martins Nijhoff, The Hagne.
In India.
Higginbotham ft Co., Madras.
V. Kalyanarama Iyer ft Co., Madras.
P. R. Kama Iyar ft Co , Madras.
Thacker, Spink ft Co., Calcutta.
W. Newman ft Co., Calcutta.
S. K. Lahiri ft Co., Calcutta.
R. Cambray ft Co., Calcutta.
Thacker ft Co. (Ld.), Bombay.
• A. J. Combridge ft Co., Bombay.
Curator, Government Central Book Depot, Bombay.
D. B. Taraporevala, Sons ft Co., Bombay.
Sunder Pandurang, Bookseller, etc., Bombay.
Gopal Narayen ft Co., Booksellers, et<\, Bombay.
N. B. Xathw, N. K. H. Press, Allahabad.
Bcytttmem of Ogrtnittttre, ttombaj?.
ANNCJAIi REPORT
ON THB
EXPERIMENTAL WORK
OF THB
POONA AGRICULTURAL STATION
INCLUDING
KIRKEE CIVIL DAIRY
AND
LANOWLI AGRICULTURAL STATION
FOR THB YEAH
1906-1907
BY
F. FLETCHER M.A., B.Sc, etc.,
Ag. Profittor of Argiculturt.
BOMBAY
PIUNTBD AT THE GOVERNMENT CENTRAL PRR88
1907
Vernacular names of Oropi, &c, mentioned in the report and their
Botanical ani English equivalents.
Botanical,
Cereals.
Andropogm sorghum yat. Yttlgare..
m Do. var. cernuum.
rennisetum typhoideum
Iritioum sativum
Do. speltum
Oryza sattra
Jcorocana
Patpalum scrobScaUtum
Panicum millaeeum
Do. italicum
A vena saliva
Zeamays
Sorghum aachharatum
Panicom orusgalii Tar. frumenta*
cenm.
Setaria italica
Setaria glanca
Fagopyrum esculentum
Pulses.
Cajanus indious
Clear arietinum
Phaseolus mungo
Do, radiatus
Do. aconitifolia*
Dotichos oatiang
Do. biflorous *■•
Pisam Batiram
Lathyrus satirus
Ervum lens
Cyamopsis psoralioidej
Glycine hispida
Oil-seeds.
Arachis bypogea-
Linum uaitatisdmum
Carthamus tinctoriua
Ricinus communis
Pongamia glabra
Quizotia abissynica
Fibres.
Gossypium herbaceum
Do. hirsutum
$1005— q
English.
Great millet
Do.
Bull rush millet
Wheat
Spelt
Bice, Paddy
Muma millet
Kodra millet
Common milkt
Italian millet
Oau
Maiae
horghum
Italian millet
Bottle grass
Back wheat
Pigeon pea
Gram
Green gram-
Black gram
Kidney bean
Cow pea
... Horse gram
... Pe»
Jarosse
Lentil
Field vetch
Soybean
Groundnuts
Linseed
Safflower
Castor
Niger seed
Cotton
American cotton
Vernacular.
Jowar (TTUraJl, Hundi,
Sfaala, Nil?*, Chokm,
be.).
Sundhia.
Bairi.
Oahu (KalAfcuaal, Daod-
khini, Shot, Ac).
Khapli,
Bhat (Ambemohor, Dodka,
Kamod, Ac.).
Nachani, Ntgli.
Kodra.
Siva, Van, Chino, Dheogll.
RUa.
Vat.
Amber, Collier (eiotic).
Barti, Banti.
Kang.
Bhadli.
Kutn.
Tur.
Harbhara.
Mug.
1 Udid.
Math.
ULavli, Choli.
Kulith.
Vattna.
Lakh, Lang.
Masur.
Quvar.
(Exotic.)
Bhuimug.
Jaras.
Kardai.
ErandL
Karanj.
Kirhalc.
KApus (Broach, Kumpta,
Ooghari).
Vilayati Kapus.
Botanical.
TLbTen— continued.
Gossvpiam neglectum
Do, Sndicnm
Do. arboreum
Corchorus OapsularU
Crotolaria junoea
Hibiscus cannabinus
Condiment*.
Capsicum frutesoens
Vegetables.
Ipomsaa batatas
Solanum melongena
Pbaseolus lunatns
Grasses.
Medicago sativa
Panieam jumentorum
Do. muticum
Reana luxurians
Miscellaneous.
Monu indica
Manihot utiUsshna
Musa aaplentum
Mimosops hexandra
Calophyllutn inophyllum
Tenninalia toraefctssa
Khandesh cotton
Hinganghat cotton
Tree cotton
Jnte
Bombay hemp
Hemp
Chillies
Sweet potato
flrinjal
lima bean
Velvet bean
Lucerne
Gninea grass
Water grass
Teosinte
Mulberry
Tapioca
Plantains
(limber tree)
Alexandrian Laurel
(Timber tree)
Vernacular.
Varidl Kapos.
Bani, Chinda Eapui.
Dev Kipus.
San.
AmMdi.
Mirchi.
Batata.
Vangi.
Dabbal-bee.
(Exotic.)
Lasnn ghas.
(Exotic )
Do.
Do.
Tut.
(Exotic.)
Kel.
Rayan.
Undi.
A in.
L-THE POONA AGBICULTTJBAL STATION,
1906-19*7.
Established— 1879 ; North Latitude— IS 30' ; East Lonr/i.
tude — 73° 50'; Elevation — 1,850 feet above sea level; Soil —
| medium black and£ light rofirwn ; Average rainfall — 32 inches;
Temperature — maximum 108° iu May, minimum 42° in February,
Superintendent — Mr. V. K. Kogekar.
Area — 66 acres.
i ■■
i
,.
1
i
i
i
April 1
May
!i
3
IS
I
<
i
i
s
I
ft
/ *
/ //
s
i
3
i
o
H
1
1 ' "
t u
» H
# /»
* n
i tt
Rainfall (1906-1907)
26 , ?6
9 S
'"
4 2o
1 GO
3 28
47
4
2
10
23 2)
Average ••
88 | 1 31
I 6 2
8 53
4 77
433
5 13
48
01
1
10
2
31 92
Temperature—
1
1
Mean maximum . M M .
103' j 101°
i 88*
*2°
82°
S2«
90°
83°
ta°
87*
90°
90°
il van minimum
67°
72°
i 72*
1
71°
©V
67°
C3°
r
53°
&i°
l"'
61°
1
I.— History.
2 # The Poona Station had its origin in a small piece of land
taken for the agricultural class at the College of Science, which
was opened in 1879* In 1882 this area was extended to 66 acres.
Up to 188S it was in charge of the Lecturer in Botany aud
Agriculture at the College. But in that year it was handed over
to the Agricultural Department where it has remained ever since.
Primarily the Station was for demonstration in agriculture to
the students. Upon other agricultural problems arising the
Station was used for experimental purposes*
A small area has for the last three years been devoted to
raising varieties for Professor Gammie's classification.
IL— Area, character of Soil and Irrigation.
3. The Poona Station consists of Survey Nos. 57, 59 and 60
of Bopudi, situated about 2 miles from Poona. Of this area about
I 35 acres are arable while the rest is used for building and pastur-
age; 26 acres and 19 gunthas are medium black soil and 8 acres
and 8 gunthas light soil. Survey Nos. 57, 59 aud 60 are irrigable
B 1096—1
from the Mutha Left Bank Canal. Survey No. 57, which is
occupied by the pasturage and most of the buildings, may be
considered as belongiug to the Dairy.
Ill— Line of work.
4. This year the Station entered on a new phase of work.
Up to this time it was used partly as an educational and partly
as a fodder-producing farm. But owing to the opening of a new
Sation in connection with the scheme of a separate Agricultural
College this Station has become purely an experimental and
demonstrative one.
The area which was set apart as a Dairy farm and used
principally for raising fodder for the Dairy was also utilized this
year for experimental purposes, the fodders being raised on the
College Station.
The principal lines of experiments are noted below :—
(1) Cultivation of the different types of cottons (a) for
resting the land successively cropped to fodders, (ft) for
selection of a cotton better adapted to the Deccan con-
ditions of irrigated cultivation.
(2) Growing of tree cottons on light soil portions of
the Station to determine their productive quality,
(3) Growing of varieties of Jowir, Bdjri, maize and Tur
for seed.
(4) Growing a set of varieties in small plots of pulses
and millets for classification by the Economic Botanist.
(5) Growing light soil crops and variety tests.
(6) Trial of different green manures on wheat.
(7) Cultivation of rabi pulses in rotation after fodder
Jowars to hold the land in good condition.
(8) Fibre crops for comparative fibre test.
(9) Plant diseases. The work with Tikka disease of
groundnut and Wilt disease of Tur was continued.
(10) Growing of varieties of groundnuts on areas not
known to be affected with Tikka.
(11) Trial of new crops.
IV.— Meteorology.
5. The rainfall was somewhat below the average but was
well distributed,
a
There were no anti-monsoon showers for the preparation of
the land. The regular monsoon burst seasonably in the 1st week
of June. Sowing at the Station commenced in the 2nd week of
June. The rains during the second fortnight of July, Au list
and September were timely and saved the crops which otherwise
would have suffered from want of moisture. During long breaks
the crops were irrigated. The rainfall in the 1st week of October
was useful for the sowing of rabi crops. Owing to the failure of
rains in November and December the rabi crops had to be irrigated
from the canal.
V.— Area planted to different crops.
6. The following statement shows the area cropped and
the purpose of each crop : —
Field
Xo.
J Kharif crop.
I
J Area.
1
Purpo-r.
1
! Rabi crop*
;*)
Area.
6
Porposo.
1
I ■
1 ,
7
I
1
A. g.
A. g.
*
Kulthi
30
Oreen manure ... Oatj> .. | 30 | For ami.
1
i Guinea grass
20
; !
Forfu'dtr. Pcruiiiial. | ... ......
2
1
Do.
10
Do. ... ..... I
2
Cotton, Broach
30
fc'ted selection for irri- ' ...
gated cot to 3.
2
Cotton, Ghogari
20
Do.
...
......
2
Cotton, Kumpta
30
Do.
...
2
American cotton
1
Further acclimatization. '
...
......
3
Tree cottons
15}
Testing the cottons on
light soil.
...
3
Guinea grass
41
For fodder. Perennial .1
...
3
Barti
10
For reed ... ...'
...
......
3
Maize, Golden Beauty
and Cftavli (1§ ft. long
legume).
10
Do. ... ...1 -...
i
...
4
Cotton, Varfidi
15
Seed selection for irri-' ......
gated cotton. 1
......
1
Bajri and Tut, red Kban-
deshi.
20
Selection and test of
samar.
-
4
Groundnut, Pondicherry .
20
For seed ... ...
...
4
„ Virginia
20
Do. ... ...| Khapli
20
For fodder.
„ Poona local .
10
D0 j
...
4
Guinea grass
10
For fodder. Perennial . |
...
4
Tree eottons
1 15
Testing tree cottons on
light soil.
...
5
Cotton, Bani
20*
Becd selection for irri-
gated ootton.
•«u«t
"• .
FWil
So.
8
I)
9
9
9
9
10
10
10-
10
10
11
J2
12
13
13
14
15
Klu:ifc op.
fol'.o-'.Chiii'ti
Buck «htat
Guinea grass
Sweet potatoes
Tapioca varieties
Tur .«
8 >}'*l>raiis
Tree cottons
Chillies
Brinjala
Guinea grass
Groundnut ...
Water graBS
Plantains
Guinea grass
Plantains
Pulses anl millets
San
Ambadi
Sorghum
Cawnpoi'C maize
Tur, variegated Bangalore.
Tree cottons
Guinea grass
San, Chavli, S >yboan8 and
velvet beans.
Sundhia
Nilva
Utavali
Rico varieties
Mu'.berry
Jawnporo Maize and Tur,
Barnniati.
Yellow Cholara
Rcana luturians ...
Am.
A. g.
15
IS*
12
id
1 11
18
1 8
12
15
9
1 C
?
18
6
1
15
2)
15
15
4}
2
'2 2S
2 G
11
11
11
31
83
£0
20
20
Pu-pose.
Rabi crop.
Area,
Purpose.
4
6
6
7
A. g.
Seed scleotion for irri-
gated cotton.
...
To ttcst the crop on
light soil.
...
For fodder. Perennial •
...
For botanical study ...
...
Variety identification .
...
Study of wilt disease ...
...
Variety test
Botanical study
...
Test of yield
•.<
......
Do,
...
For fodder. Perennial .
...
Study of Tikka diseisc .
Khapli
34
For fodder.
Gram
6
Study of gram
wilt.
To occupy a moist place-
Perennial. .
Do.
...
For fodder. Perennial .
...
......
To occupy a moist
plaee. Perennial.
...
Botanical classification.
......
...
Test of comparative
fibre.
...
Do.
«
.....
1
y For seed
Wheat varieties
Variety tests.
J
and crosses.
Botanical study
...
For fodder. Perennial .
• w...
...
Green manures
Wheat
2 28
Variety tea's.
For seed ...
tang
11
Rotation.
Do.
Gram, Kabul j...
11
Do.
Do.
Masur
11
Do.
Do.
•»....
...
..».
For starting a planta-
tion. Perennial.
...
For seed ...
...
Do.
...
..••>«
Do.
.....
•M
'
Field
>*o.
Khaiff cop.
Area.
Tarpouc,
Uabi crop.
, Area.
Purpose.
1
2
3
4
f
! •
7
A. g.
1 A. g.
African Bajrl and Tor,
lied BeUary.
10
For seed
. ....-
i •-
.....
...
Broom Corn
10
Do.
-
Sindh Bajrl and Castor,
Peruvian.
10 . Do.
1
~
...
Nilva.
b
Do.
...
~...
...
U&vali
5
Do.
...
...-.
...
Guinea gnus
o For fodder. Perennial...
1
......
~
......
1C
Jute
10 ' Trial of new crop
16
Garden vegetables
2 13 i For study of general
. cnUure.
1 ...
•--
30
Guinea grass
4 ' For fodder. Perennial.
i
......
~
~...
VI— Crop Diseases and Insect Pests.
7. Red bugs on cotton, sugarborer on Jowar, catterpillar on
Sau, bugs and leaf-eating beetles on almost all the crops were
among the insect pests. The damage from these was not of
a serious nature. The red cotton bugs were collected and
destroyed. The other pests were checked by hand-picking where
possible.
Smut appeared on both B£jri and Jow£r. The smutted heads
of Bdjri were sent to the Imperial Mycologist for examination. He
writes thus: — "This is the first occasion I have seen such a disease
on this cereal and the fungus is probably a new species."
The wheats were attacked by rust the common Puccinia
Qrammonis, and the gram by wilt caused by a species of
Fusarium.
8. Tikka disease qf groundnut. — In all five varieties of
groundnuts were grown on the plot devoted to the study of this
disease. The varieties were sown on the 3Cth of June. The
germination of all was fair. The disease first made its appearance
on the 23rd of July 1906 on three varieties, viz., Spanish peanuts,
small Japanese and Virginia and gradually spread to all the rest.
The diagrammatic statements overleaf show the relative
positions of the plots, the treatment and the yields in lbs. per acre
for the two seasons 1905-06 and 1006-07. The yields are written
on each plot : —
YIELD OF BROUNDNUT IN THE PLOTS OF
FIELD NS 8 (SEASON 13 O5-06& 1906-0?)
1905-06.
n
Spr*f*f/
s
t56
S
233
M A ,
+6*
L
4094
8/2
/I25
1079
686
P A
301
/363
4040
/425
P O
IS09
P (A
r+9
/41
L -
353
£
//S2
t X
toot
T A r A 5
/5/7
i444
H
65
- U
22/ .
/042
U
928
— 6
432 3
/
4503
O
833
770
S'f* 5* pi SOys/ 2/9t
p |r a
US /S6
A P
238
J A
877
8/3
P o
4483
c
4079
4V A —
749
A N
392
P A
/629
I A
846
U /V
/829
H £
390
L O
S04
it if
240
£■ S
+73
/V £
/008
<S £
8/2
4464
* /?
336
|C A L
S92
#** SO fa/. 50 gal.
S
924
£ "
23/
854
799
766
Y
Set
385
~5C$at*
it'
twr/msMj ^ttwc* twfc*. tttu. sn^af**, v spw*S §ace ttric e trice
N
A
Seeofiteeped f 90S ^07 Soetf^nsteeped
S92
S
{'to
4O20
600
J£L
M A
132
P A
OOP
720
P O
630
P
Li J
IBS
4010
N
34Q
O O
433
/SB
619
3/3
6O0
A/ A
2f?
430
P £\
31o
740
C H
320
453
P A
428
A N
2 BO
/V
410
£
250
o c
340
/¥ £ ;r
/IS
U T
140
/ A
643
340
A L
320
£
56
460
is'
660
290
260
40
+*'
*P*&$ <~4*0fd 6*W, g0f$- ~ fat fit* tosqat 76 to/. SO ami
trettem ^ trice tfnee. trice. SprmoL Strayed ence. Mce. owe. _>
(At OT TO SCAlk.)
*99,
From the statements given it is probable that neither spraying
nor steeping has had any effect but that the differences in the
yields of the plots are due to differences in the soil.
The yield on the average decreases from west to east and this
may be due to the faot that on the west was a heavily watered plot of
Guinea grass or that the soil to the east is more seriously infected*
9. Wilt disease of Tur. — All the nine varieties of Tur, which
had shown some resistance to the disease last year, were grown on
the same piece of land. Out of the nine varieties six have shown
a higher percentage of resistance this year than last year, and
one has remained the same. The variety Sambalpore No. 9,
which had shown above 78 per cent of resistance last year, has
gone down to 48 this year, while the last year's second best
Bilaspur No. i has inoreased in its percentage to 70. These
results are probably due to variations in soil and season and not to
any quality inherent in the varieties.
The statement below shows the counts taken, the percentage
of resistance and yield per plant of the nine varieties :—
JS
= I Name of variety.
No. 9 Sambalpore
No. lBihkspnr
No. 2Bi»fispar
No. 3 Bittspar
No. 8 Sambalpore
No. 4 Sambalpore
No* 6 Sambalpore
No. 10 Sambalpore
No. SO Variegateu
Bangalore.
642
920
813
460
141
113
1,021
169
2,502
i
t
i
t
i
i
1
ft
1
9
<
<
<
3 2
I
*
1
I III!!
900
790
4C6
127
108
961
154
2,426
I 582
l 838
• 783
! 446
126
i 100
I 936
; 151
2,40%
678
678
893
883
783
73$
443
426
126
114
87
86
931
8S8
146
137
2,382
J.281
I
l|
i
i
1
!
1
3
661
660
866
864
726
724
426
426
108
100
78
75
884
866
136
136
2.220
2,116
I i
I
647
860
723
421
* ,
64 e4
860 862
130 J 125
2,207 2,201 2,164
I
847 I 843
721 716
416 ' 407
91 87
66
816
118
836
694
389
74
44
811
112
2,102
628
809
630
380
66
42
770
HI
2,486
616
800
662
379
63
39
766
HI
2,056
u ,
o
S : Name of variety .
©
ft
I
3
i
*
i
s
-
I
g
i
]
i
!
i
I
1
1
1
1
I
i
i
1
i
s
ft
1
£
1
I
1
1
1
I
j
s
% 1
1
g
^
3
3
I
i
i
6
«0
1
5
£
1
No. 9 Sambalpore ...
614
615
D03
608
S°!
600
499
497
445
-•
427
422
416
409
2
No. 1 Bilfcpar
793
783
76 i
759
757
757
757
767
757
763
763
788
730
3
No. 2 BiljUpar
633
652
629
6)9
609
603
698
696
667
621
621
620
613
4
No. 3 Bilaspur
373
870
36*
?62
365
354
362
350
810
340
836
315
806
5
No 8Sambdpore ...
60
66
52
51
i l
61
60
49
49
46
42
38
37
6
No. 4 Sambalpore ...
36
30
3i
36
35
86
35
(3
32
82
30
27
33
7
No. 6 -ambalpore ...
No. 10 Sambalpore ...
767
746
743
731
731
728
7*6
713
684
639
633
623
615
8
110
10S
103
103
103
102
98
98
92
88
86
82
81
9
No. 20 Variegated
Bangalore.
3,037
2,014
1931
1,959
I
1,965
1,947
1,933
1,899
l,82J
1,757
1,«7
1,632
1,580
8
1
Name of variety.
i
A
i
i
1
s
r
1
$
1
1
1?
c
St
3.
IS
I
1
i
1
01
§
i
if
-si
£4
1
No. 9 SmdImIpoi* ...
998
ss?
377
861
360
361
319
313
4S'7
77-8
Drams.
3
2 No. 1 Biliipor
73S9
726
726
719
•97
672
667
648
704
51*6
•81
S Ho. 2 BlUUpur
497
*m
437
431
899
387
378
863
46
8*6
7
4
No. 3 BiHspir
3*6
264
2*7
257
226
811
200
190
390
ll'l
9-9
6
No. 8 Stmbolpore ...
Si
81
81
CO
29
29
29
29
206
20-6
5
No. 4 Sarrbalpore ...
22
1ft
18
17
17
17
16
16
14*2
81
9
7
No. • Sambalpote ...
No. 10 Sam biu pore ...
No. 20 Variegated
857
4fe7
476
461
460
462
426
415
406
162
41
R
79
77
76
72
70
70
69
69
43-4
171
-62
9
1,384
1,363
1,294
1.277
1.203
1,168
1,119
1,(31
41-1
22-1
2-6
Bangalore.
VII.— Experiments with Fibre Crops.
10. Cotton. — Six varieties of cotton — Broach, Gogh£ri,
Kumpta of the herbaceum typo, Bani and Cnanda cold weather of
the indicum and Varidi of the neglectum typo were grown uuder
irrigation.
They were top-dressed with Karanj (Pongemia glabra) cake
and superphosphate at the rate of 1,000 lbs. and 400 lbs. per acre
respectively.
The statement below gives the area, outturn, etc , of the
several varieties grown: —
I
8
•a
is
n
•a.
_i
J"
Sis »i a s s**
".1*1 U*** ??:S
1j
J*i
Ijl fftjn if
•5 o •
SSS-aS. ell
111]
1*85!
a
8
8
is
s
8
|il
3
3
9
1
i
i
i
I
l
I
<8
1
i
i
8
-"8
I
i
3
i
s
S
3
I
8
O
8
o
8
o
2 a
a
b 1095-2
10
Tbe yields given are unreliable as the land is of very unequal
capacity. It will be seen from the above statement that Bani bas
yielded well. The growth of this variety was very vigorous and
the bolls opened very freely. It is earlier than all the others.
The outturn of Cb&tida cold weather is very poor; this is due to
the lodging of many of the plants owing to the forcing growth
caused by the liquid manure from the byres, which tbe field had
received for some time before the crop was sown. The bolls also
did not open freely. Tbe yields of Kumpta aud Varidfi are
moderate. The percentage of lint to seed cotton in the case of
Gogh&ri is higher than any of the other varieties.
Samples of the above cottons were forwarded to Messrs,
Tata and Co., for their opinion and valuation. Their remarks are
included in the statement above referred to.
11. A few plants of each of the 25 varieties of American
cottons were grown for trial. The following five varieties, viz.,
(I) Truitt, (2) Whittle, (3) Texas long stapled, (4) Tata's Allen
Hybrid, and (5) Doughty, were vigorous in growth and yielded fine
big bolls.
12. Tree Cottons. — The following varieties of tree cottons,
0t*. s Bourbon, Peruvian, Brazilian (3 varieties), Caravonica,
and Tytler's Kidney, have been grown this year on light soil
portions of fields Nos. 3 and 4, 4 gunthas being planted to each.
In addition to the above a few plants of each of the varieties
of tree cottons from the Central Provinces, Madras, Bengal,
Central India, and a few plants of the arboreum type have been
planted in portions of the same field.
All the cottons came up well. During the hot season the
young plants had to be irrigated to keep them alive.
13. San and Ambddi — These were grown for test of com-
parative fibre.
Tbe following statement shows the percentage of fibre to dry
: stalks and yield per acre :—
Name of crop.
Area.
Per acre.
Field
Ho.
Dry ripe
stalks,
leaves and
seeds
, removed.
Fibre.
Percentage
of fibre
to dry
stalk.
9
9
San.
Ambddi ,.
Gunthas.
15 *
2.0
Lb 9 .
' 5,619
2,716
Lbs.
679
658
1209
11
The San pods were attacked by cat ter pi liars, when they were
just forming, hence no San seed was obtained. Ainbadi yielded
656 lbs. of seed per acre in addition to the fibre.
VIII. -Varietal Experiments.
14. Bdjri. — The following three varieties of Bijri were
grown for seed with subordinate rows of Tur and castors : —
(1) Awned or bearded Bajri and red Tur of KMndesh.
(2) African Bdjri and red Tur from Bellary*
(3) Sindhi Bdjri with Peruvian castor*
A plot 20 gunthas was sown with Bdjri bearded, with a row
of Tur for every second row of Bdjri. After the crop attained the
height of 15 inches half the portion was'samdred' as is the
practice in Gujarat, the other half was left as it was for com-
parison. The following statement shows the outturn per acre of
the two portions separately :—
Field
Num of crop.
Am.
Date of sowing.
Yield per acre.
Bemarkt.
Ko.
Oitin.
Fodder.
4
4
Bdjri bearded
Do.
Gts,
10
10
10th July 1936.
Do.
lb*.
724
616
lbs.
4,480
4,368
Samired on 19th
August 1906.
Not samfaed.
There is a slight increase in yield in the case of the Samdred
portion. The Samdring increases the tillering power of the young
plants.
The red Tur of Kbandesh was attacked with wilt and only a
few plants survived ; these yielded only 40 lbs. of the pulse.
15. African Bdjri. — The ear-heads of this foreign Bijri are
long with closely packed white grains on them. It tillers freely
but is a very late variety. It was attacked with smut, and only a
few sound heads could be found. These have been selected and
kept for seed.
The red Tur from Bellary grown with the Bdjri was wilted
and gave an outturn Of 57 lbs. of pulse.
12
16. Sindhi Bdjri. — A small quantity of seed of this variety
was obtained from the Bombay Exhibition in 1904, and was sown
in small plots in 1905 to get sufficient seed for sowing cm a larger
area. It was sown on a 10-guntba plot this year. It yielded at
the rate of 836 lbs. of grain and 2,080 lbs. of straw per acre.
The yield is below the average. This is partly due to smut and
partly to a portion of the crop occupying a shady place along the
boundary of the field.
The castor grown with this was very irregular in growth and
yielded a nominal outturn.
17. Jotcdr. — The variety of Jowar known as Yellow Cholum
is grown in Madras for fodder. The seed was obtained from
Madras and sown on a 20-guntha plot to get sufficient seed for
sowing as a fcdder crop in the next year. The seed was sown on
the 21st of June. The plants grew well and high, but all the
heads were found to be devoid of grain, and light, owing probably
to the non-fertilization of the flowers. The stalks were cut down
und yielded dry fodder weighing 13,652 lbs. per acre.
18. Sundhia, Nilva, Utdrali and Sorghum. — These four
fcdder Jowdrs were grown for seed. The following statement
gives the per acre results : —
field
Name of crop.
Area.
Yield per acre.
Value of yield per acre.
Cost of
cultivation
per acre.
No.
Grain.
Fodder.
Grain.
Fodder.
12
10
Pundhia •••
NSlva
UUvali
PorgUoni
Gts.
11
11
11
35
lbs.
1,116
596
618
815
lbs.
2,461
10,167
7,927
11,733
Rs. a. p.
65 13 8
29 13 2
80 10 4
42
Rs. a. p.
18 4 10
50 13 4
89 10 2
89 1 9
Be. a. p.
28 1 4
35 18 7
38 9 3
58 8 5
19. Broom Corn. — A plot of lOgunthaswas sown with this.
The ear beads are developed into a loose panicle, which can be
used for making brooms after threshing out the grain. This year
the crop was almost a failure owing to the uneven nature of the
field ; many of the plants became stunted in growth, others getting
vellow owing to excess of water in a portion of the field. A few
heads have been selected for seed for the next year.
SO. Maize. — Two varieties of maize, viz. (1) Cawnpore, (2)
Jawnpore, with white Tur from B^r^mati were grown for seed.
13
Both the varieties are early. The following statement gives the
outturn results : —
Field
Name of crop.
Area.
Date of
■owing.
Date of
flowering.
TUM per acre.
Percent-
age of
Ko.
Grain. Fodder.
grain to
oobe.
30
Cawnpore Mali*
Jawnpore Maiie
Tar Baramati
GU.
15
Lbe.
15th June: S3nd July 2^48
1SKM. j 1908. |
2Ut June 2nd August' £2
190S. | 19U6. | ^
Lba.
8,126
1.080
Bhnea
900
77
66
The yield of Jawnpore maize is small owing to the attack of
parrots upon the inflorescence which interfered with the proper
fertilization of the flowers. The Bdramati Tur has yielded well.
21. Wheat varieties and crosses. — The wheat varieties and
crosses, grown on the Station in the rabi season of 1905, were
sent to the Chamber of Commerce, Bombay, for valuation and
opinion. Out of the 113 samples (including varieties and crosses)
sent, the following 8 were reported upon as good : —
No.
Name of the Variety.
SiahDaf
Australian || ••
+
Australian 27
Shet Parner ••
+
Khapli ... ••
Hybrid Nagpore ..
Muzafargarh
Australian f | 22 ..
Paman Sirsa
Potia Nadiad
Pernor wheat
Clam.
Remark* by the Chamber of Commerce.
KAlakusal ..
I Aust r a 1 i a n
class.
5
} Cross between
> Popatia and
J Khapli.
Inter-cross of
DaudkhAni.
Australian
DaudkhAni ..
Do. ••
K&la kuaal ••
Very good superior
yellow wheat.
Very good.
hard
Hard yellow, containing some
proportion of spotted grains,
quality good on the whole.
Soft wheat ; had the grains
been slightly bolder, the
quality would be very good
indeed.
White moondy very good
quality.
Soft white fairly good.
Very good soft red.
Very good hard yellow-.
i
These eight and a few others selected as (a) good yielders,
(b) showing resistance to rust in 1905-06 wero sown in the rabi
season of the year under report on a field treated with different
green manures. The rest of the varieties and crosses were sow a
in i guntha plots in another field for seed.
14
The field to be sown with the selected varieties was divided
into 5 sections and eaoh was sown with San, Chavli, soybeans, and
velvet beans respectively, the last and the 5th section being kept
fallow for comparison.
The above crops were ploughed in as they came into dowers.
The following statement shows the dates of sowing and
ploughing in of the several crops grown : —
No.
Name of Crop.
Date of Sowing.
Date of ploughing in
the crop.
Nnmber
of
days
required.
1
2
8
4
San
Chavli
Soybeani ...
Velvet beans ...
1
18th June 1906 ...
Do.
S2od June 1906 ...
Do.
2nd, 3rd, August 19(R
4th, 5th, 6th, August
1906.
29 th, 30th July 1906 .
19th, 21st August 1906.
46
49
37
60
When the field was harrowed on the 25th September for
preparing it for sowing no portions of any of the crops, except a
few pieces of San stems which could be broken down by the
slightest pressure, could be found undecayed. Within about
2 months 1 time all the orops had thoroughly decayed. In this
period of 2 months there were good showers of rain in August
and September which helped the process of decay.
Each of the five sections was divided transversely into
23 plots— 4 of 6 gunthas each, 12 of 4 guntbas each and seven of
1 guntha each and 23 varieties selected according to the above*
mentioned three qualities, were sown in these. Thus, each
variety got a treatment of the four green manurial orops and the
fallow portion.
The varieties were sown on the 14th and 15th of October 1906.
The germination of all was fair. All were irrigated 4 times till
they came to maturity.
The statement below shows the yield of the 5 portions
separately of eaoh variety on the different green manured and
the fallow portion.
----i
n
Name of Variety.
Beealtepereere.
Serai
Oretn
manured
withSaa.
Often
manured
wHhChavll.
Often
manared with
Soybean*.
Often
manared with
Velvet beam.
Fallow,
Brain.
Straw.
Grain.
Straw.
Grain, Straw.
Grate
Straw.
Grain,
Straw.
Lbs.
Lha
Lbe,
Lb..
Lbs.
Lba,
Lba.
Lba
Lba.
Lbe.
1
Shet Paroer + Khapli —
16)
2481
213
8460
63
I486
68
1,698
44
3,260
a
PotJa, Nadiad _ ...
6*7
762
612
I486
681
8.266
686
8,013
680
8,46*
8
Kala Kueal (Foona) ... ~.
409
2.262
676
8.660
687
8,419
869
369
600
3J69
4
Paroer Wheat
692
M87
626
1*68
868
8488
886
MM
636
8416
5
SIaVOm _ _
S87
2,012
412
8.876
487
8,060
287
3481
600
84 3
ft
Haneia, Broaeh •« «.
812
8.012
894
4.887
826
4.800
1.681
2,826
776
8,826
7
DeaU, Atbni. Belfaam
668
1.218
685
1.475
618
1.487
660
1480
887
1413
8
Malj-a, Belgium
612
2.260
600
2.500
613
I860
600
1,719
1,000
2411
9
Maadi of Ladhiana M
960
2.6J0
600
8.087
660
1446
863
3400
800
2481
10
Panten Sire* «•
226
1.500
462
3400
687
4. WO
400
1,144
880
6409
11
lladhft Wheat ...
612
3437
660
1.960
226
1475
400
3487
963
9413
12
Bed Delhi of Oodh ... ...
626
2.(12
862
8,000
860
3.069
662
8,181
1400
M13
13
Bated of Amritear
681
3.C06
600
1408
826
2,487
680
7.080
1480
6460
14
Australian || 22 ... ...
660
2.687
1.160
6.370
1.060
4,897
812
8.060
1.160
5400
15
Hjbrid Nagpore ♦ Ma&afar-
garh
600
8.287
650
2,109
660
1,012
600
8480
1,200
4,887
16
AnetraHan ft + Auatralian 27
876
8.100
462
8,637
800
4,867
681
4418
987
6,100
17
Baoei, Baleghat - ...
200
2,600
800
8.000
660
6.760
460
6,300
800
6.026
18
n Kala Knaal + Khapli ...
600
6,626
600
M26
800
6,760
780
6,000
76(
6.836
19
II« Do.
600
6.150
626
6,660
760
8.160
660
6.680
400
6.8t0
20
[1 3« Khapli + Kala Kneel ...
190
3.200
200
4.000
126
6400
426
4487
626
2.828
SI
89 Khapli + Hineia. Broach .
126
8.000
412
6460
412
5.800
660
6.000
760
7.876
22
71 Do, + Pitla Kbandeah.
200
2.400
212
8.200
1,200
1,200
800
8400
1.300
12.460
23
16 Do. + Sudba, RamvU
800
4.000
1,200
74*0
1,800
10,000
1,000
6,600
140C
9,000
All the varieties were very badly rusted and tbe value and
effect of tbe different green manurial crops are not comparable.
Tbe yields of all are below tbe average.
Khapli, wbicb is said to be rust proof, was also affected witb
rust. Tbe rust began from tbe north-west corner of the field,
when the grains were first forming and gradually spread all over
the field.
IX.— Light Soil Crops and Variety Tests.
22. Five varieties of Soybeans, wbicb bad given hopes of
proving good yielders at Mdnjri in 1904, were grown on a
16
light toil portion of field No. 6. The crop is an early maturing
one, and can be grown successfully as a preparatory for a
rabi crop. The many leaves that fall add organic matter to the
soil. If sown early in the beginning of June, no irrigation is
required. This year the crop was tried as a green manure crop
among the different crops tried for that purpose. It comes to
maturity very early and can be ploughed up early before the close
of the rains so as to get the advantage of the rains for the
thorough decay of the crop.
The following statement gives the dates of sowing and
flowering of the several varieties and their yield per acre : —
Ffeld
Crop.
Am.
Dot* of
Dotoof
Dote of
Yield
Coot of
cultiva-
Ho.
Sowtaf.
ioworiag*
riponisg.
•ere.
tion per
•ere.
aVBthM
Lb..
Bo, a. p.
•
4
8ojtmftY»zl«to
Da do.
No. 6...
No. «...
8-4
7*8
litk June 1806
Do. _
18tfc July 1808.
ISth do. -
18fliAofoJ*1808.
4th do. -
1,188 '
818
'8
Do.
do.
No. 7.-
8
Do.
••.
loth do. ~
14th do.
M*
860
34 8 7
•
Do.
do.
No.lS~
8
Do.
•»
Do. do. ~.
13th do.
M.
878
•
Pu.
do.
No. ll~
18*8
Do.
16th do. ...
Do. do.
"
888 J
The increased yield in the case of variety No. 5 is due to a
portion of the crop bordering upon black soil. The beans can
be used for human consumption.
23. Buck wheal (Kuttu). — This was sown in another light soil
portion of the Station in field No. 5. Two varieties of Kuttu seeds
were obtained from Kalimpong (Darjeeling). One is called Mitha
Paphar and other Titta Paphar. The yield from both tbe varieties
is very low. Starch can be prepared from the seed. The use of
the crop is unknown on this side. But at Darjeeling whence the
seed was obtained, it is largely used for making bread.
X^Trial with New Crops.
24. Jute. — An area of 10 gunthas was sown with jute on the
2nd of July 1906. On the 3rd day after sowing the seeds germinat-
ed. The crop was weeded twice on 20th July and 5th August.
The plants were thinned out, and a few were transplanted to fill in
the blanks on the 7th of August 1906. The crop was irrigated
once in August during long break in the rains. On the 4th
of September the crop was cut when in flower. The height
of the crop at tbe time was 4| feet to 5 feet. The green
stems were retted in the river for nine days and the fibre
extracted.
±i
The following statement gives the outturn per acre of olean
fibre, and the percentage of fibre to green stalks : —
Name of crop.
Per aero*
Field
Ho.
Weight of
graenatalka*
Weight of
clean and
dried fibre.
Percentage of
fibre to green
•talk*.
16
Jute • »• •••
Lbs.
11,064
Lbs.
272
2-4
The fibre was sent to the Indian Jute Mill Association at
Calcutta for valuation. It was valued at Rs. 8-8-0 per maund.
25. Groundnut. — Three varieties of groundnuts — Pondi-
cherry, Poona local and Virginia — were grown in field No. 4 away
from the Tikka affected field and on areas not sown to ground-
nuts before.
The disease appeared upon all the varieties, but the attack
was very mild, and no serious damage was done to the crop.
The following statement gives the per acre results : —
I?it>1«i
Name of variety.
Area.
Per acre yield.
No.
Unfcusk-
ednnta.
Haulm*.
Coat of
cultivation.
Value of
outturn.
4
4
4
Pondicherry
Poona Local
Virginia
Gts.
20
10
20
Lbs.
1,800
948
2,016
Lbs.
3,986
3,060
1,692
Rs. a. p.
101 6
81 12 4
96 13 8
Rs. a. p.
116 9 7
07 12
112 1 4
The unevenness of the field has to a certain extent influenced
the yield, there being great difficulty in distributing water
regularly.
26. Variegated Bangalore Tut,— Like other varieties of Tur,
a few plants of this variety also had become wilted. It gave
an outturn of 595 lbs. of grain and 844 lbs. of Bhusa per acre.
Owing to natural cross fertilization, which is so very common in
Tur, the colour of the seeds has changed.
B 1095— 8
18
XL— Botanioal Experiments.
27. A. portion of field No. 9 was devoted to the growing of
pulses and millets for botanioal classification by the Economic
Botanist,
The plot was divided into 170 small plots of the dimensions
of 10' X 20" each. Out of the 179 plots 63 were sown with pulses
and millets collected at the agricultural show held at Ahmednagar
in 1905, Eighty-seven were sown with the following varieties :
16 varieties of Tur, 2 varieties of Kulthi, 4 varieties of Guvdr, 7
of Mug, one variety of Matki, 6 varieties of Udid, 29 varieties of
Chavli, 2 N£gli varieties, one variety of each of Banti, Barti,
Chino, Dhengli, K&og, Bhidli and Kodra, 6 varieties of Vari, 3
of R41a, and 4 of Sava. The remaining 29 were sown with the
varieties of Soybeans, Lima beans and peas.
XII.— Forage Crops.
28. The statement below gives the yields per acre of the
Guinea grass in various fields : —
Name of crop.
2
Results per acre.
Field
No.
Outturn.
Vain, of out-
turn.
Co* of
cultivation.
Remarks.
1
3
1
!
6
1
2
3
4
6
7
9
10
15
Id
Guinea grass.
Do. ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Do. ...
Average ...
Water gra«s.
lbs.
21,152
11,736
17,342
3,144
6,217
13,129
6,462
13,815
16,228
1,470
Rs, a. p.
105 15 4
58 12
86 11 4
15 12
31 8
65 10 4
82 5
69 1 2-
81 1 10
7 5 7
Bb. a. p.
67 8 4
34 14
38 9
62 1
79 3 11
38 14
73 6 9
35 5 7
38 2
61 2 4
Plantation started
this year.
Do. do.
Plantation started
this year.
Plantation started
this year.
"Very old plantation.
8
11,062
81,660
55 5 4
15 13 3
52 14 8
57 14 8
19
A portion of about 20 gunthas of the plantation of this grass
has been removed from field No. 10 as this field has been under
guinea grass for a long time.
Field No. 13 was formed into a rice field by puttiog dykes
after removing the guinea grass plantation. Border portions of
fields Nos. 4, 6, 9, 16 situated under a shade have been planted
with this grass this year. The average per aore 11,062 lbs. has
slightly increased over that of the last year.
XIIL— Miscellaneous.
29. Three rabi pulses — Lang, gram and Masur — were grown
after fodder Jow&rs as a rotation crop. The pulses were grown
solely under irrigation.
The following statement shows the yield, etc., per aore : —
Field
No.
Name of crop.
Area.
Per acre.
Grain*
BhiiM.
Co* of
cultiTation.
Valve of
outturn.
IS
12
12
Lang
Gram, Kabali
Masur • ...
Gunthas.
11
11
11
Lb*.
809
607
309
Lbt.
1,447
618
636
Re. a. p.
26 15
•••
•••
Re. a. p.
88 10 1
88 14 11
24 18 5
XIV— Ensilage.
30. A pit of the dimension of 10' X 10' x 10' was dug in
the Ganeshkhind Botanical Gardens for a silo. It was filled with
26,821 lbs. of green grass from the gardens in September last.
It was then jpressed down with a layer of earth 2 feet thick.
The silo was opened in May when therq was deficiency of green
fodder for the Dairy animals and they ate it readily. The grass
was found to be shrunk to 6 feet. The colour of the silage was
greenish-brown. From the total quantity of 26,821 lbs. of grass
put 16,876 lbs. of silage was obtained. The silage has been sent
to the Agricultural Chemist, Bombay Presidency, for analysis.
Poom, \
September 1907.)
F. FLETCHER,
Ag. Professor of Agriculture.
20
IL-THE KIEKEE CIVIL DAIRY,
1906 07.
I.— Introduction.
The objects of the Dairy are : —
(1) To afford instructions for the students of the
College of Agriculture.
(2) To serve as a model Dairy to the public.
(3) To give opportunity for experiments in feeding and
dairying.
(4) To improve dairy breeds.
(6) To supply pure milk to the invalids and children of
Poona.
(6) To allow owners of milch cattle the free services
of good bulls.
1 1.— Health of animals.
2. The Dairy was seriously handicapped in this year's work
owing to outbreaks of two contagious diseases, viz. foot-and-
mouth disease and rinderpest. No animals were lost from the
former, but their milk yields were appreciably reduced.
Rinderpest was very common in the district and as a precau-
tionary measure the entire herd was inoculated in November and
again in January. The disease made its first appearance in the
herd in February and a third inoculation was performed. But
even in spite of the three inoculations 18 animals were attacked
and 10 succumbed to this deadly disease. Among the cattle kept
at M&njri Kuran, which had also undergone two inoculations, there
were 34 attacks but the mortality was less as only 4 died.
Rinderpest was more fatal in the case of Australian animals,
English-Indian hybrids and Adens. Only one Gir was attacked!
Among the second class was the hybrid short-horn Aden known
as Harishi whose milk record for previous 4 years averaged
nearly 6,000 lbs. "The Dairy has two heifers and a bull out of
her. The Aden herd was reduced to two bulls, one cow and a
calf ; but two more have been purchased recently.
Twelve buffaloes aborted soon after the casting for inocula-
tion, rendering them useless for the season.
J
21
III.— Milk Supply.
3. The milk supply was greatly affected as shown above.
220,572 lbs. of milk were produced during the year. The
Sassoon Hospital contract was continued. No branch dairy was
established at Mah&baleshvar, but all milk was sold in Poona and
Kirkee, and no Ghee was made.
Some cows have been selected to furnish milk suitable
for infants. These animals are always those that have freshened
within five months. They are never fed with oil-cake, cotton
seed, or green food, and are never allowed to graze. The demand
for this special milk is increasing.
IV— Yield.
4. The largest yields for the year under report are as
follows : —
Among cows, the first in yield for the year, now that
Harishi, the cross bred English-Aden has died, is Pit&mbari
(Sindhi) 4,430 lbs., second Buldkhi (Sindhi) 3,778 lbs., third Shendi
(Sindhi cross) 3,750 lbs , fourth Bhavali (Gir) 8,712 lbs., fifth
Yeshi (Sindhi cross) 3,571 lbs., and sixth Budhi (Gir) 8,552 lbs.
Among buffaloes, Ratan (Jafferabadi) 4,815 lbs,, Kiveri
(Surati) 4,504 lbs., S&lu (Dehli) 3,147 lbs., Ganga (Surati) 3,033
lbs., and N£ndi (Deccani) 2,798 lbs.
The usual milk record is given below with the necessary
explanatory notes.
22
Total
Besults during the period shown in
No.
NftOBW.
Age.
nwnuvr
of yean
under
Total
Avenge
utnufia
number
Total
of
Average
tion.
of
dry
Maximum
daily
yield*
days in
milk.
days.
daily
yield.
1
2
3
4
6
6
7
8
Cows L
Y. m. d.
Lb*, oz.
Lbs. ox.
Aden*
1
Bakuli
8 1 10
»A
1,044
81
16 4
7 12
S
Bbigi
Gulfbi
. Aged ...
, 8
2,881
680
15 4
10 5
8
4 8 89
n
828
86
8 13
5 7
4
Midi
7 Oi
H
784
299
7 12
7 6
6
NAri
10 9 11
7
1305
710
15
10 1
6
Harishi (cross)
> Medium •••
5
1,202
600
27 6
16 6
7
Shiti
SiAdhi.
8 8 11
...
129
...
13 4
9 9
1
Ambi
6 420
U
888
70
18 9
9 1
2
Annapura*
7 8 25
8
765
830
10 1
6 3
8
Bhasmi
10 11 22
7
1481
1,074
14 9
8 12
4
Bulakhi
8 9 16
1*
, 445
•*.
15 18
10 13
6
Giti
8 8 19
H
889
17
16 7
9 1
6
Houshi ••
. Medium ...
5
1,761
64
14 10
9 12
7
Kinii
Do. ...
5
1,868
417
12 14
8 8
8
Kesar •«
, Young •••
8*
718
467
11 5
6 7
9
Ehiliri
4 4 4
U
426
35
12 5
9 5
10
Lahlrl
. Medium ...
5
1,838
487
16 14
8 4
11
Makhmal
Do.
6
1,235
690
11 10
7 3
18
Mhatiri
. Aged
5
1,286
544
11 13
7 3
13
Mori
. Medium ...
6
1,528
297
14 18
8 9
U
Mutri
6 8 18
21
866
124
11 7
8 2
16
P4rl
. Medium ...
7
1,887
718
14 8
8 14
16
Pin
11 2 29
8
8£78
647
13 12
8 16
17
Pttambari
. 11 7 18
8
2,558
362
16 14
10 5
18
PoUri
. Medium ...
7
1,640
916
16 9
9 3
19
Putali
Do. ...
7
1,575
976
14 11
8 6
SO
BAdhi
Do.
6
1,894
427
18 3
8 18
21
Hlra
Do. ••■
*i
>,298
873
13 8
7 10
82
Dabi
7 2 7
2f
382
654
11 13
7
88
Sabani
• Medium ...
8
1,720
1,200
18 8
9 3
24
Samarthi
14
8
2,095
825
11 8
6 13
25
Son! ••
4 2 22
n
406
62
...
•••
26
Sukhi
7 10 4
H
1,149
251
12 8
7 13
27
Tambbori
7 10 4
5
1,388
434
12 14
8 6
88
Tufani
. Medium ••«
H
986
778
14 8
9 6
29
Zankir
Do.
5
1,504
821
18 2
11 9
80
Mohan
Sindhi- Cross.
4 2 27
...
8
11
•••
1
Kara
9 8 10
6
1.867
823
15 1
10 2
2
Mekini
Medium ...
8
2,204
704
16
10 11
8 MungU
5 2 8
H
444
••«
16 4
10 o
<rr
23
column 4.
Financial multe for total period shown In
column 4.
Yield
of milk
during
ATerege
Remark*.
Yearly
1906-07.
Value of
Cost of
Coetol
I
net
average
oat-pot.
milk.
feeding
•
attendance*
Net pronv.
profit
per
year.
9
10
11
12
18
14
15
16
Lbs.
Lbs. oz.
Bi.
a.
V*
Re* a.
P-
Be. a.
P-
Be.
••
p.
Be.
2,641
2340 8
685
341
68
291
94
Died.
2,885
8,273 8
2,013
736
304
973
121
1,588
1,477 12
154
80
18
61
62
Died.
1,695
406 8
460
252
46
172
49
Do.
2,604
2,793
I,***
608
252
776
110
Do.
8,726
8,444 -8
1,629
679
153
897
179
Do.
•••
1,240
108
6
4
81
7
9 4
8
18
6
•••
Hew.
2,828
2,411
294
129
22
143
114
1,591
2,028 4
894
214
39
141
48
1,861
587 12
1,178
693
280
255
98
8,857
3,778 12
402
125
81
246
197
8,026
8,095 8
294
115
25
154
182
8,451
8,383
1,673
504
164
715
188
2^55
1,486 4
1,032
445
138
449
88
1,426
1,333 8
442
265
80
147
75
Sold.
8,181
2,904
332
117
26
189
151
2,217
3,364 8
982
800
152
6*0
105
1,776
1,242 4
807
352
186
819
64
1,854
235 4
850
801
180
419
88
2,632
2,943 4
1,177
497
153
527
113
2,560
3,109 8
566
186
44
886
119
2£41
2,172 8
1,472
564
242
666
95
2,542
3,305
1,844
676
802
866
108
8,307
4,430
2,295
878
814
1,103
162
2,166
2,209 8
1,335
552
244
539
77
1,871
1,690 12
1,153
9
620
231
402
67
2,467
2,015 12
1,119
440
141
538
107
2,144
565 4
845
482
135
228
62
Sold.
940
982 8
224
134
18
72
24
Do.
1,982
40 8
1,388
717
280
891
88
Died.
1,787
1,047 12
1,242
621
287
384
41
2,290
279
115
21
143
114
2,851
8,344 8
754
257
62
435
113
2,341
2,512
1,047
431
148
468
94
1,922
2,826 8
886
315
117
404
79
Sold.
3,476
3,059 8
1,549
501
153
895
185
•••
52 8
4
6
1 11
3
6
2
2
4
7
•••
New.
2,312
2,910 8
1.234
671
107
466
77
2,949
2,463 8
2,013
784
293
966
^120
Died.
3,660
3,515 12
871
136
18
217
173
24
Tote!
ReiulU during the period shown in
number
of
Ho.
Nam©.
Age.
yean
Total
Average
under
number
Total
of
Average
observa-
of
dry
Maximum
daily
yield.
tion.
days in
days.
daily
milk.
yield*
1
B
8
4
5
6
7
8
Cows I—co*td.
Y. m. d.
Lbs. os.
Lbs. os.
Sindhi'Crosft—
continued.
4
Sfraji
14 9 10
8
2,487
438
13 14
7 8
6
Khendi
6 8 19
It
477
••»
16 8
11 2
6
TiH
Young
5
1,524
298
18 10
7 16
7
Yeahl
Do. ...
Hi
1,008
87
17 15
9 10
8
Sfatngi
7 620
851
214
14 9
6 16
Gift
1
Bhavati
Young
8
520
801
17 12
12 5
2
Bhudhi
Do.
627
290
15 2
9 14
8
Qodi
Medium ...
«f
1,034
121
15 5
8 6
4
Kabari
Young
398
433
12
6 11
6
Kamali >..
Do.
2A
691
801
11 14
7 5
6
Lahiri
Do* ...
*A
761
131
15 2
9 7
7
8
Lingidi
MnUiaraa
Medium ...
Do.
393
618
499
247
9 13
18 10
5 12
9 2
9
Narbali
Do. •••
409
832
13 8
7 2
10
Pavall
Do.
If-
621
872
14 7
7 9
11
Sngafan
Do.
307
644
8 8
6 6
12
Umbari
Aged
2A
424
126
13
8 6
18
14
Kaiali
Mabali
Young ...
Do.
268
273
•••
•••
11 4
13 8
...
16
TApl
Gir Croat.
Do.
"ii
190
345
10 8
'5 12
1
Btgul •••
Medium ...
8
2,808
608
13 5
8 4
2
Pandhari
Do.
1*
229
220
3 4
4 12
Note— The average yearly yield per cow comes to 2,101 lbs. ; the average daily yield 7 It*.
8 os. ; the average cost of feeling the cow Be. 95-15-1, and the average net profit per eow Bs. 67-7-10.
Column 7.— The maximum day's yield of the year is always quoted at a sale as an indication
of an animal's productiveness and the average of these record yields for the whole period of
observation is here given as affording a fair basis for comparison between the various animals when
in milk.
Column 6*— Gives the average for the whole period inolusive of days dry.
Column 11.— -The price of milk has varied for customers from 10 to 14 lbs. per rupee, but an
attempt has been made to fix a slightly higher arbitrary figure to cover cost of distribution. It
mutt however be remembered that these statements are only intended to afford a basis for com*
parison between animals and the figures do not give an accurate indication of the total profit or
loss. Sales of dairy produce in the shape of Qhee and sometimes .butter when the demand for
milk is very small are generally unprofitable, andan£in such cases the price estimated for mift
is not realised in practice. Charges for supervision, etc, are also not taken into account is
estimating these comparative net profits per animal.
25
column*.
Yield
of milk
daring
1906-07.
Financial results for total period shown in
column 4.
Yearly
average
out-pat.
Value of
milk.
Cost of
feeding.
Oostof
attendance.
Hot profit.
Average
net
profit
per
year.
Remarks.
9
10
11
12
18
14
15
16
Lbs.
2^46
3,980
2,416
3,823
1,737
2,856
2,318
2,714
1,174
1,800
2,982
985
2,274
1,166
1,639
708
1,707
•••
729
2,394
8C9
Lbs. o&
1,799 8
3,750
2,204 4
8,571 4
144 8
8,712
3,652 12
1.959 12
1,066 4
1,162' 8
2,175 12
1,680 8
2,189 12
1,446
1,916 8
63 4
2,070 4
1,997
2,794
•••
3,128 12
Rs. a. p.
1,665
442
1,089
838
471 0.
535
436
774
220
362
601
187
394
221
330
137
297
166
283
72
1,645
82
Rs, a. p.
628
117
896
287
223
181
191
297
168
203
232
135
169
144
172
184
147
129
109
67
663
45
Rs. a. p.
294 0.
32
147
57
42
35
34
48
16
27
39
20
29
21
24
12
20
14
21
8
302
12
Rs. a. p.
690
293
546
494
181
319
210
429
46
142
330
32
206
66
134
•••■••
180
23
108
—3
680
26
Rs.
to
220
108
169
' 71
146
82
135
20
54
136
13
98
24
54
—80
61
•••
*" 8
85
28
Died.
Died.
Died.
Sold.
Sold.
Loss.
New.
Da
Sold.
Bold.
Column lg<-The* figures are actuals. It may be noted that oostof feeding and »«endanee
varies with different animali according to period of lactation, sine, yield of milk and individual
idiosyncrasies*
Column 18.— These figures are actuals for the last three years and approiimate estimates for
preceding years.
B 1095— 4
20
Total
Reeults during the period ebown in
Names.
Age.
number
of
years
No.
Total
*
Average
under
number
Total
of
Average
obsei ra-
of
dry
Maximum
daily
yield.
tion.
days in
dayi.
daily
4
milk.
yield.
1
2
3
5
6
7
8
Buffaloes IL
Jaffarabadi.
Y. m. d.
Lta. os.
Lba, ox.
1
Kondal
Medium
4
889
671
17 5
11 2
2
Batui
Do.
4
1,076
380
23 O
14 11
8
Sardari
Do.
2A
709
182
22 2
14 5
4
M*kna
Delhi.
Do.
14
349
195
18
8 6
1
1
Mabalan
Aged
7*
1,773
903
29 9
15 14 1
2
Rambha
13 11 19
8
1,839
1,061
13 4
9 2 i
3
Sa>
Medium ...
2*
600
245
17 12
12 13 I
4
Sarali
Do.
2»
469
486
10 14
8 14 1
6
Godi (croai)
Surati.
Young
A
146
•••
15
...
1
Aditwari
Medium ...
2A
599
352
12 6
7
2
Bawbi
Do.
4
1,021
439
16 15
11
3
Biyaja
16 6 24
8
2,046
874
14 12
8 13
4
Bbandari
Aged
Medium ...
8 H
1,022
379
15 4
7 13
5
Bhavari
p
686
270
14 1
7 10
6
Bhori
Aged
2,829
591
15 6
10 8
7
Chbabeli
14 9 11
8
2,196
755
16 12
11 13
8
Cbandani
iged
4
646
816
13 8
7 6
9
DalbhaVi
14 4 9
n
1,934
896
14 14
10 4
10
Durga
Young
4
947
613
13 7
8 6
11
Gabina ..,
Medium ...
«A
595
175
16 10
10 8
12
Gajari
Aged
8
1,920
996
16 15
10 8
33
Gang*
8
2,062
868
17 8
12 14
14
Gb4ri
Medium
8
2,061
865
17 4
12 5
1*
GhortU
Young
2j
2A
765
190
12 3
7 16
16
Ghumbari
Medium ...
629
326
11 4
8 6
17
Girji
Gujer
Do.
664
291
15 6
9 10
18
Aged
8
1,838
1*78
13 8i
8 6
19
JamAdar
14 8 27
8
1,965
951
15 91
10
20
KaVerl
14 3 17
8
2,221
696
19 7
12 7
21
Maini
Young
*A
436
102
11 4
5 11
22
Mangi
13 8 18
e*
1,364
bOl
12 7
812
23
Mori
Medium ..
*&
787
164
14 16
9 8
24
Paroli
Do.
8
1,999
911
14 14
8 8
25
Patengi
Young
*&
657
288
19 6
14 14
26
Putali
Aged
7
1,672
879
12 4
9 15
27
Ranga
Rupi
Medium ..
5
999
822
17 12
11 o
28
Young ..
2A
719
876
13 3
9 16
29
Sherri
Medium
4
962
558
16 104
\ 9 8
30
Tnvali
Young
2|
786
216
16 13
10 9
31
Fajaui
•••
1G3
202
18 8
...
27
eohmrn*.
Yield
Financial remits for total period shown in
column 4,
of milk
during
1906-07.
Average
Betrarka.
Yearly
average
Valaeof
milk.
Cost of
feeding
»
Coetof
Net profit
net
profit
per
out-pat.
year.
9
10
11
12
13
14
16
16
14*.
Lbe. om.
Re.
ft.
p-
Be, a.
P.
Re. ft.
P-
Ra.
a.
p-
Ra.
2474
2,235 8
807
351
93
863
90
3,966
4,816
1,289
809
114
866
216
4,236
2,617 4
858
246
42
566
234
1,942
268 4
248
824
16
—97
—118
Died.
3,883
1,767
2,187
846
281
1,061
149
Died.
2,107
1,600 4
1,809
714
288
307
37
3,292
8,147 8
640
218
40
882
168
*
1,433
...
190
147
20
28
12
Sold.
•••
1,466 12
122
120
11
—9
...
New.
2,021
356 8
435
196
27
212
87
2,818
2,606 12
912
366
96
461
112
2,257
2,036
1,410
788
282
310
44
2,046
8
613
318
88
287
59
Died*
2,512
2,346
540
226
38
176
107
3,071
1,899
1,906
924
291
691
86
3,246
2,207
2,061
875
293
886
112
1,180
280 8
384
244
75
65
16
2,533
743
1,541
727
283
631
68
1,974
1>631 12
641
316
87
208
62
3,000
2,177 4
520
224
84
262
125
2,631
413 8
1,679
778
264
677
78
3,314
8,038 4
2,084
882
300
902
113
3,157
2,821 12
1,981
847
302
832
103
2,354
1,365 4
507
248
31
283
90
2,038
670 4
439
261
26
152
58
2,462
2,095
628
222
35
271
106
1,926
269
1,194
688
282
224
28
2,468
3,271
1,553
767
297
499
62
3,458
4,504 12
2,179
908
811
960
119
1,763
1,147 12
208
146
16
47
33
1,753
1,135
977
674
229
174
256
Died.
2,910
2,577 8
626
226
40
860
107
2.132
1,812 12
1,339
729
290
320
89
8,294
2,481 4
709
240
38
481
112
2,874
1,220 4
1,266
661
240
855
61
2,208
675 4
892
478
136
278
56
2,779
2,900 8
599
220
42
837
130
2,268
2,881
736
325 a
99
312
78
3424
2,188 12
692
249
88
405
147
«••
2,284
190
110
17 Q
63
...
New.
28
Total
Besults during the period shown in
number
of
1
Ko.
Names.
Age.
years
Total
Average
under
number
Total
of
Average
observa-
of
dry
Maximum
diily
yield.
tion.
days in
milk.
days.
daily
yield.
1
2
8
4
6
6
7
a
Buffaloes II
— continued.
Deooani.
T. id. d.
Lbs. ox.
Lbe- ox.
1
Qhevada
Medium ...
i
288
66
11 12
..»
2
Kevada
Do.
280
74
10
>*•
8
4
Chandrl
Rumali
Aged
Do.
f
262
206
42
98
13 12
10
...
...
6
Hira •••
Medium ...
i
244
60
9 8
...
6
Hangami
Hanoi
Do.
1
245
69
7 12
...
7
Young
i
304
•*•
13 4
mm*
8
Gharol
Do.
238
66
18 4
...
Note.— The average yearly yield per buffalo comes to 1,887 lbs. ; the average daily yield 8 lbt>
2 oa. and the average cost ox feeding the buffalo Bs, 95-13-10, and average net profit per *
buffalo Bs. 49*8-0.
Column r.— The maximum day's yield of the year is always quoted at a sale as an indication
of an animal's productiveness and the average of these record yields for the whole period of
observation is here given as affording a fair basis for comparison between the various animals
when in milk.
Column 6— Gives the average for the whole period inclusive of days dry.
Column 11*— The price of milk has varied for customers from 10 to 14 lbs. per rupee, but
an attempt has been made to fix a "lightly higher arbitrary figure to cover cost of distribution.
It must however be remembered that these statements are only intended to afford a bails for
comparison between animals and the figures do not give an accurate indication of the total profit
or loss. Sales of dairy produce in the shape of Ghee and sometimes butter when the damand
for nrilk is very small are generally unprofitable, and in Euch cases the price estimated for milt
is not realised in practice. Charges for supervision, etc., are also not taken into account in
estimating these comparative net profits per animal.
Column lj?.— These figures are actuals. It may be noted that cost of reeding and attendance
varies with different animals according to period of lactation, size, yield of milk and individual
idiosyncrasies.
Column 15.— These figures are actuals for the last three years and approximate estimates for
preceding years.
29
column 4.
Tield
of milk
during
1906-07.
Financial results for total period shown in
column 4.
Yearly
average
out-pat.
Value of
milk.
Cost of
feeding.
Cost of
attendance.
Net profit.
Average
net
profit
per
year.
Bemarks.
9
10
11
12
13
14
16
16
Lbs.
•••
•••
••«
Lbs. os.
1,866
1,617
2,432
1,783 8
1,168
1,499 8
2,798 8
1,968 8
Bs. a. p.
166
120 C
203
144
97
126
238
168
Bs. a. p*
97
106
97
93
92
96
110
94
Bs. a» p.
18
11
18
18
9
11
21
16
Bs. a. p.
46
10
88
88
4
18
102
64
Bs.
•••
••*
...
} i
1
30
V.— Strength of the Herd.
5. The following statement shows the strength of the herd
on the 1st of April 1907 as compared with that on the 1st of
April 1906:—
Strength
on
1st
April
low.
**n~
Decrease.
Stren-
gth
on 1st
April
1007.
Valuation.
Increase
Description.
Pill*
ohaaed
or
Trans-
ferred.
Born.
Total.
Bold.
Died.
Trans-
ferred.
TotaL
«
1007
or
decrease
during
the
year.
Oowt.
ghed-buUs.
n
2
•w
2
8
M«
...
8
10
660
620
-40
Cows
eo
2
•M
2
8
10
...
18
44
3,806
2,415
-890
Heifers ••• •••
s
8
...
8
1
•M
2
8
8
55
06
+85
Cowcalves
82
-.
20
30
82
7
8
82
20
206
212
-48
Bull*oelvea
M
...
24
24
80
11
9
48
15
211
172
-89
Total ...
140
7
44
61
64
28
7
90
02
4,626
3,509
—1,017
BuffiOoM.
Buffalo-bulk ...
5
1
.«
1
...
...
...
...
6
260
840
+80
8he-bnflaloes ...
88
10
•**
10
1
6
...
e
42
2,876
1,565
—1,310
Heifers
6
1
...
1
...
...
2
2
4
166
186
-80
Buffalo-cow- calves
26
4
18
17
18
18
1
82
11
126
107
-19
Do. bull-calves
17
...
10
12
14
1
24
5
87
22
—15
Total ...
01
ie
28
41
28
87
4
04
68
8,468
2,160
— 1,204
Dairy cart bones .
2
...
...
...
...
...
...
2
800
260
-50
From the above statement it will be seen that there is a
decrease of 71 in the total number whioh is principally due to
the fact that on account of low prices the casters of the previous
years were held over and disposed of this year.
VI.— Breeds kept.
6. Three breeds of cows — Karachi or Sindhi, Aden, and Gir—
and four of buffaloes, — Jaffarabadi, Dehli, Kaira or Surati, and
Varadi or Deccani — are kept.
As already stated the Adens were nearly wiped out by the
rinderpest. The present Gir herd has only had three seasons at
the dairy ; it contains some good cows but they have not been in
the dairy long enough to have off-spring in milk.
Very little has been done in breeding of buffaloes at Poona
as only the Deccanis really do well here as youngsters; but the
31
Dairy has some good representative animals of Jafferabadi, Surati,
Dehli and Deooani. A few fine females of the Deccani breed
have been obtained and they will be crossed with a Kaira bull.
The Sindhi cows have been bred continuously for about 11
years and we now have 29 farm bred heifers and cows ; of these,
17 are in milk. Pit&mbari (3,307 lbs. average for eight years)
out of J&nki (record 3,481 lbs. of milk) stands first. Bulikhi as
a three year old gave over 4,000 lbs. and had her second calf
without going dry a day, Giti with 8,400 lbs. as three years old,
are some of the most promising.
The four breeding Sindhi bulls are: — Daulat, bought in
Sind ; Battashia out of the cow Batt&shi (daily yield of 22-8 lbs.
and a record of 2,871 lbs. in 333 days,) sired by Mansur, bought
in Sind ; Rdja out of Devri (daily yield 19-12 lbs., 4,705 lbs. in
420 days,) Sire Mansur; and Bansia out of Houshi (average for
5 years 3,451 lbs.,) sired by Bat&shia.
VII.— Servioe of balls.
7. Free service of bulls is given to the public for healthy
animals.
VIII.— Farm.
8.. No feeding experiments were carried out in the year
under report. Fodder was grown on the Agricultural College
lands and the usual statement is appended. The total area
cropped was 75 acres and 33 gunthas. The details ore given in
the following statement : —
Snrvty
No.
Plot
Sharif crop.
Area.
Purpose.
Babicrop.
Area.
Purpose.
Remark*.
A.*.
A.*
137
1
Bajri and
Chavli mixed.
2 O
Green fodder.
Bajri ra
tjon.
2 O
Green fodder.
• ••
2
Do. ...
2
Do, ...
...
...
...
8
Do.
2
Do. ...
•••
• ••
...
4
Do.
2
Dry fodder .
...
• ...
...••«
160
3
Nilva
2 8
Green fodder.
••«
...
151
2
Do.
7 18
Do ...
•••
...
152?
25$)
2
Snndhia
35
Dry fodder .
•••
•••
153
1
Hondi Ratoon
2 20
Green fodder.
Hnndi ...
2 20
Greenfodder.
Hundi was sown
in March and
the Ratoon
crop was
taken in
kbarif, hence
shown under
1 kharif.
32
Surrey
No.
Plot
Khaiif crop.
Area.
Purpose.
Babicrop.
Area*
Purpose.
Remarks.
1
••••••
A. g.
•••*••
Maiie ...
A. g.
5
Green fodder.
•••
2
Hundi Batoon
2 80
Green fodder.
Hundi ...
2 80
Do. ...
Hundi was sown
in March and
the Ratoon
crop was taken
in kharif,
hence shown
under khaiif.
...
2
•*••••
•••
Maize ...
2 80
Do. ...
8
•••
....«*
Do. ...
84
Do. .-
•••
4
Lucerne
17
Green fodder.
Perennial
...
...
...
6
Hand. Batoon
2 20
Green fodder.
Hundi ...
2 20
Green fodder.
Do.
•••
5
... ••
...
,
Peas&OaU
1 84
Do,
•••
6
Sorghum ...
038
Green fodder.
Bbalu ...
38
Do. ...
••%
7
Utivali ...
1 2
Do. •••
Maize ...
1 26
Do.
,
...
8
Sundhia ...
2 20
Dry fodder...
Do. ...
220
Do. ...
...
Maize ...
1 8
Green fodder.
...
...
•••
10
Lucerne ~
1 2
Green fodder.
Perennial.
...
• a.
•«.*••
.«•
11
Sundhia •••
8 20
Green fodder.
Maiae ...
320
Green fodder.
154
2
UUvali
1 4
Do. •••
...
•••
8
...
......
Knapli ...
2 10
Greenfodder.
156
I
Nilra
488
Green fodder.
...
157
1
UtAvaU ...
1 28
Do. ...
Peas&Oats
128
Greenfodder.
158
1
Suudhia ••
4
Do.
• a.
...
•••
2
Bajri
15
Do. ...
...
••••».
•••
8
Mixed Jo war.
10
Do. ...
...
...
...... |
IX.— Fodder Crops.
9. The following statement gives the outturn, cost of
cultivation, etc., of the several Jodder crops grown : —
Per acre.
Oostof
100 lbs.
of the
fodder.
Name of crop.
Area.
Outturn
of
fodder.
Cost of
cultiva-
tion.
Date of sowing.
Date of
(lowering.
Remarks.
A. g.
Lbs.
Be. a. p.
3s. a. p.
Bajri and Charll
6
6,413
8 13 6
o i a
16th June 1906 ...
29th July 1908 M .
1
(mixed).
24th June 1906 ...
31st July 1906 ...
2nd August 1908 .
4th October 1906.
(Sown in three
f Plots.
Nllva
926
6,026
13 9
8 8
22nd July 1907 ~
Do.
24th September
1907.
Do.
1 Sown in two plots.
Sundhia
730
7,9*9
13 6
9 8
19th June 1906 ...
13th July 1906 ...
6th August 1906 .
10th September
1906.
19th June 1908 ...
i Sown in two plots.
Hundi
730
16,668
45 6 a
4 7
2nd March 1906...
)
12th April 1900...
14th May 1906 ...
16th June 1906 ...
22nd July 1906 ...
\Bown ic three
| plots.
33
Area.
Per acre.
Co* of
1
Date of
flowering.
Name of crop.
Outturn
of
fodder.
Cert of
cultiva-
tion.
100 lbs. Datoof
of the sowing,
folder.
Benurk«.
A. if.
Lbs.
Be. a, p.
ft*, a. p.
HondiBatoon.*.
780
1,817
8 9 9
7 7 2nd March 1908...
12th April 1909...
12th Auguaft 1906.
14th October 1906,
[Sown In th-ce
14th Ifaj 1808 ~
20th October 1906.1 j
Maize
12 23 wfjCCS
1
32 12 7
9 8 4th May 19C* ...
, 16th May 1908 ...
8th August 1C06 .
12th June 1906 M .| 1
17th June 1906 .. J |
24th October 1906. |
25th September
1906.
lstJanuao 1907.
[Sown In teren
plots.
i 27th October 1906.
Do.
Sorghum
038
6,098
20 5 2
i 10th December
1906.
16th December
; 1906.
A 3 i 9th June 1906 ...
16th February
1907.
14th February
1907.
29ch July 1900.
-
Shalu
038
2,488
15 12 7
10 2 29rd October 1908.
6ih February 1907.
Peas and oats
(mixed).
Utavali
3 17
829
3,078
6,970
33 9 2
11 7
1 1 2 16th Norember
1906.
26th December
* 1906
2 11 , Tid July 1906 ...
19th February
1907.
5th March 1907 ...
26(h August 1908.
| Sown In two plots.
'.Sown in three
> plots
(Mixed) Jowar...
10
2,920
12 8 8
20th August 1908.
' 30th August 1908
6 10 25th January 1907
6th tcseniber
19 J6.
9th December
1908.
29th March 1907.
Khapli
2 10
5,857
15 13
8 10 26th January 1907.
Da
Bajri
015
3,689
12 8
5 4 ' let Angoat 1908~
27th September
1906.
Bajri Ratoon ...
Dry Fodderi.
3
•*•
The ttandln* crop
was fed to the
bullocks, the
ratooncrop being
too poor.
Bljri
2
702
6 4 11
012 1
Slat July 1908 ~.
22nd November
1906.
3rd September
Sundhia
3 15
4,884
27 4
8 10
6th June 1908 ~
)
8th July 1908 ~
1906.
16th September
1908.
11th Norember
1906.
> Sown in two plots
NilTa
433
4,808
8 15 7
2 11
29th July 1906 ...
/
b 1095—5
35
III—LANOWLI AGRICULTURAL STATIOH,
1906-07.
Established— 1901 ; North Latitude— IS 45'; East
Longitude— 1& 27'; Elevation— 2,039 feet above sea level;
Soil — light ; Average rainfall — 186 inches.
Area— 30
acres.
Overseer — Mr. A. R. Nikam.
.
1
6
§
1,
i
s
I
|
©
1
J
' 1
vt
ill
1
i
i n
/ H
1 1
'
f' m
' 9
i
» *r
1 u
Rainfall (1906-07)
~.
...
21 93 64 9 35 76
19 71 63 i ...
...
«. 1 »•
64
140 7*
Average
043
87
29 3 71 8l| 66 46
1
1 |
236ft 3 9 084
02ft
5 8
183 56
I.— Introduction.
2. This Station consists of 6 survey numbers and is situated
at a distance of about two miles to the south from the Railway
station. This area is situated in the Bhusi village. The follow-
ing statement shows the areas, rent and assessment :—
Survey No.
Are*.
Sent.
Awettment.
A. g.
Rs.
Rs. a. p.
51
91
••• •«•
... • •••
4 37
7 10
}
75
(
9
18
74
... •••
3 6
15
5
100
104
• •• •••
•*• •••
3 11
7 2
}
100
{
9
3
102
Total ...
4 U
6*
12
30 17
240
39 8
Out of this area, 11 acres and/* gunthas were under cultiva-
tion, the rest of the portion being hilly.
3. FlotUnff.-*Q}he six survey numbers were divided into
16 fields for convenience. Field V was divided into 14 half-guntha
plots and 8 one-guutha plots. Field Vf was divided into 18 half-
86
guntha plots and 8 one-guntha plots. Field No. VII was divided
into 4 one-guntha plots. Field No. IX was divided into 9 quarter-
guntha, 12 half-gun tha and 5 one-guntba plots. Field No. XII
was divided into 3 two and a half guntha plots. The above
fields were devoted to raise seedlings of experimental plots. The
seedlings of varieties were raised in field No. XIV. The fields
I, II, III, IV, VIII, X, XI, XIII, XV and XVI were divided
into several plot3 to receive the seedlings raised on different kinds
of r&b and manures. All the varieties were transplanted in field
No. XVL
In the hilly portion of survey No. 104, two varieties of Ndgli
(Mutki and Zipri), Van and Sava were grown. The tree cottons
transplanted in 1905 occupy a part of this hilly portion.
II.— Season.
4. During the year under report there were no ante-monsoon
showers. The seed was broadcasted in rab beds as usual by the
end of May. The monsoon broke out on the 7th of June. The
rainfall during the months of June and July was falling almost
daily with breaks at intervals. This was quite favourable for the
growth and transplantation of seedlings. The transplantation
commenced by the middle of July and was finished by the end of
the month. In the second fortnight of July the rainfall was heavy,
viz. 36f inches. In August the rain fell just when wanted.
From the latter part of September the rainfall was deficient for
the standing crops. This deficiency has reduced the outturn of
rice considerably. There was a thunderstorm on the 8th of
October followed by strong winds. This caused the vigorous
growing crops to lodge. Harvesting of rib experimental plots
was commenced on the 26th of October and was over by the 24th
November. During the season 135 inches of rain was recorded
against 106| inches of last year.
III. -Rab Experiments.
5. Rice may be sown direct in the field or may be sown first
in seed-beds and then the seedlings transplanted to the field. In
the preparation of seed beds in this tract it is the custom to cover
them with a layer of branches, grass, leaves or cowdung or a
mixture of all and slowly burn. The ground is then lightly
starred with a harrow and the seed sown. The burning of this
material constitutes the process known in vernacular as " Dadha
Bhajane " and the material used as " R£b ".
3*
6. Objects of the present experiments. — The practice of
rabing as at present carried on is very injurious to forest
growth and in the case of cowdung, there is a great loss of
inanurial substance. The present experiments were instituted to
investigate the following questions : —
I, — TV hat does the efficiency of rab depend upon ?
II. —What rabs are most beneficial ?
III. — Can any substitute for the present custom be found ?
IV. — Will any after-treatment of the crop secure the
effects of r&b ?
7. Treatment of seed-beds. — The experiments were divided
into eleven series which were further sub-divided into 63 plots.
Series la, 16, III, VII and IX had duplicate plots.
Series la. — Object. — To ascertain the merits of the practice
of r&bing.
Plot No. 1.— Am loppings covered with the usual quantity
of grass and earth. . All materials were weighed and burnt.
Plot No. 2. — This was treated with ashes obtained in the
following way : An equal quantity of Aiu loppings, grass and
earth was spread on corrugated iron sheets in the same thickness
as in Plot No. 1. The material was weighed and burnt. Ashes
were collected, weighed and spread out equally on the plot and
mixed lightly with earth by rakes (Dantale).
Plot No. 3. — No treatment of any kind.
Plot No. 4. — The soil in this plot was pulverized until the
condition of dust.
Plot No. 5. — The earth to the depth of 3 inches was taken
off and spread in a layer 3 inches deep on sheets of corrugated
iron raised on stones, one foot high. The earth was heated for one
hour by burning fuel underneath the sheets. When the earth was
cooled down, it was collected and spread again evenly on the plot.
Series lb. — Plots 6 to 10. — Received the same treatment as
Series I (a), but the rib used was mixed branches.
Series II. — Object — To compare different kinds of rib.
Plot No, 11.— Ain rdb as usual.
„ No. 12.— Cowdung r£b as usual.
,, No. 13. — Mixed branches r£b as usual*
„ No. 14.— Grass v&b.
„ No. 15. — Leaf rab.
88
Series IIL — Object — To ascertain the usefulness of certain
possible substitutes to be applied to the seed bed in lieu of r&b.
Plot No. 16.— Treated with mixed branches rib, 20,000 lbs.
per acre,
„ No, 17. — Safflower cake, 12,S00 lbs. per acre.
„ No. 18. — Treated with cowdung r£b, 44,240 lbs.
per acre.
„ No. 19. — Poudrette f 44,240 lbs. per acre.
„ No. 20. — Fish manure, 12,960 lbs. per acre.
„ No. 21, — Sheep manure, 2,880 lbs. (6 bags) per acre.
„ No. 22. — Nitre, 8,400 lbs. per acre.
„ No. 23, — Outside ashes, 16,000 lbs. per acre.
Series IV. — Object — To ascertain the most economical method
of applying cowdung for raising seedlings.
Plot No, 24.— Cowdung r£b, 44,240 lbs. per acre.
„ No. 25. — Cowdung ashes, 12,280 lbs. per acre.
„ No. 26. — Cowdung ploughed in 22,120 lbs. per acre.
Series V. — Object — To ascertain the comparative value of
oilcakes.
Plot No. 27. — Manured with safflower cake, 6,480 lbs.
per acre.
„ No. 28. — Undi cake manure, 16,000 lbs. per acre.
„ No. 29. — Karanj cake manure, 11,080 lbs» per acre.
„ No, 30. — Niger cake manure, 13,000 lbs. per acre.
„ No. 31, — Riyan cake manure, 13,000 lbs. per acre.
Series VL — Object — To ascertain the most profitable quantity
of safflower cake required for raising seedlings.
Plot No. 32. — Treated with safflower cake manure equal
to the value of cowdung rib at normal
price, 9,600 lbs. per acre.
„ No, 33.— Treated with cowdung rab, 44,240 lbs.
per acre.
„ No, 34. — Manured with safflower cake, 8,000 lbs,
per acre.
„ No. 85. — Manured with safflower cake, 4,000 lbs.
per acre.
39
Series VII. — Object — To ascertain the most beneficial
elements of plant-food for raising seedlings.
Plot No. 36.— Manured with safflower cake, 15,920 lbs.
per acre.
„ No. 37. — Manured with sulphate of potash, 1,920 lbs.
per acre.
„ No. 38. — Manured with superphosphate, 22,880 lbs.
^ per acre.
„ No. 39. — No treatment of any kind.
„ No. 40. — Cowdung rdb ... 44,160 lbs. per acre.
t Safflower cake ... 25,920
„ No. 41.— < Sulphate of potash 1,920
(. Superph osphate . . . 22,880
vr * 9 ( Safflower cake ... 25,920
„ im 44. | s^ate of potash 1,920
TVTn a ** f Safflower cake ... 25,920
" n°.***— I Superphosphate... 22,880
^ AA J Sulphate of potash 1,920
„ no. *a. | Superphosphate ... 22,880
Series VIII. — Object — To ascertain lime requirements*.
Plot No. 45. — Cowdung nib ... 44,240 lbs. per acre.
„ No. 46.— Lime ... 2,400 „ „
„ No. 47. — No treatment.
„ No. 48.— Lime ... 6,000 „ „
Series IX (Duplicate). — Object — To compare field manuring
with seed-bed manuring.
Plot No, 49. — Mixed branches rib as usual.
„ No. 50. — Cowdujag rfib as usual..
„ No. 51. — No rafb.
The seedlings raised in each of the above plots (49, 50 and
51) were transplanted in 5 two-guntha plots and manured in the
fields as under : —
(a) Manured with cowdung manure 7,360 lbs. per acre,
(b) Safflower cake ... ... 720 „ „
(e) Poudrette ... ... 7,360 „ „
(d) No treatment.
{e) Nitre .„ ... 380 „
19
99
9*
99
9>
99
99
99
91
i*
if
9>
99
99
$9
99
»
99
40
Series X — Object— -To compare field manuring with seed-bed
manuring.
Plots Nos. 52 to 59.— The seed-beds were treated with cow-
dung nib as usual and the transplanted area received different
manures as follows : —
(1) Sulphate of potash ... ... 380 lbs. per acre.
(2) Safflowercake ... ... 360
(3) Superphosphate ... ... 100
( 330
(4) Manures same as plots 1, 2 and 3, i. e. «? 360
( 100
(5) No treatment.
99
99
99
99
99
?9
99
(6) Manure same as plots 1 and 2
(7) Manure same as plots 2 and 3
(6) Manure same as plots 1 and 3
330
360
360
100
... { 83ft
100
99
91
99
99
99
99
9t
19
99
99
99
Series XL — Object — To compare field manuring with seed-
bed manuring.
Plots Nos. 60 to 63. — The seed-beds were treated with cow-
dung r£b as usual. The transplanted area received the field
applications as below : —
(1) Lime ... ... 1,600 lbs. per acre.
(2) Lime and cowdung ... < q'oqa "
(3) Cowdung manure only ... 3,680
(4) No treatment.
The following statement shows the quantity of rib materials
used for different plots and their cosW: —
99
9>
99
99
99
No. of
plot.
Ares.
Gunt lias.
Quantity of rib materials
pat on in the seed-bed.
Lbs.
240 branches of Ain
112 grass
93 earth
265 branches of Ain
126 grass
124 earth
l\
Cost of rab
materials and
application
charges.
Rs. a. p.
14
14
41
Cost of rib
No. of
Area.
Kind of treatment.
Qsaatisj of rib materials
materials and
plot*
pat on in the seed-bed.
application
charges.
Series I -A in duplicate—
oontinutd.
Gunthas.
Lbs.
Bs. a. p.
2
*
Ashes of Ain lib ... ...
122 aahes of Ain branches ...
18.0
7
*
lsO. ••« ...
115 do.
...
18
3
i
No treatment
8
I/O* •*• •••
«•»...
4
*
Earth polTeriied
•«•■<*•
6
9
*
Do.
•»* *•
6
5
*
Earth heated
1 12
10
1
Do.
..*»«•
112
-
Series I-B in duplicate
(
260 branches
)
1
*
Mixed branehea rib ... <
l
120 grass
94 earth
260 branches
•••
...
...
y o 14 o
1
6
i
Do. ••• <
128 grass
»••
1~ 14
]
124 earth
...
...
J
2
i
Ashes of mixed branehea
142 aahes of mixed bran-
10
ches.
7
i
Do.
175 do.
...
12
3
*
No treatment
••*...
8
i
Do.
• «•••»•
4
i
Earth pulverised
o 6 o
9
i
iJOt •%% ...
6
(
}
Earth heated * ... ...
1 12
10
*
Do,
Series II.
1 12
Ain rib
880 branches
...
...
)
1
f 1
171 grass
•••
..
i 2 4
217 earth
...
...
)
1,106 cowdnng
...
...
( m
2
1
Cowdnng rib •••
Mixed branehea rib ...
162 grass
155 earth
588 branches
•••
...
> 8 8
)
8
1
159 grass
...
...
} 2 8
'
185 earth
...
...
)
4
1
Grass rib
415 grass
155 earth
...
•••
] 10
Leaf rib
887 leaves
...
...
)
6
1
160 grass
...
...
v 200
i 1
198 earth
•••
...
)
Series III in dupliea e
(
260 branches
) , .
1
i
Mixed branches rib ... <
145 grass
124 earth
~.
f ISO
Do, \
255 branches
...
...
i 13
9
i
128 grass
...
...
(
93 earth
...
...
I
2
J
Safflovrer cake ... ...
162 safflower
...
...
1 11 4
10 .
4
Do.
(
162 do.
653 cowdung
...
...
1 11 4
3
J
Cowdtmg rib ... <
112 grass
•••
...
[ 2 10
t
80 earth
...
)
B 1095—6
42
Ko.of
plot
Am.
Ounthaa.
11
■
4
i
12
i
5
i
13
4
1
14
7
}
15
l
8
{
16
i
1
l
3
l
3
l
1
l
a
l
3
l
4
l
5
l
1
i
2
*
3
. i
4
i
1
*
10
i
2
11
$
3
i
12
i
4
13
1
6
i
14
i
4
i
15
Kicdef
Series III in duplicate—
eonti»*9d %
Cowdung rib •••
Poudrette
Uo. ...
FUh
Ho.
Dung from folded sheep
Do.
Nitre •••
Do* •••
Outride ashes ...
Do. .~
Series IT*
Cowdung rib
Ashes of cowdang •••
Cowdung ploughed 1n .
Series V.
- i
•••
•••
Safflower cuke
I'udi cuke
Karanj cake
Niger cake
Mayan cake
Series VI.
Ssfflower cake
Cowduug rib
SafBower cake
Do.
Series VII in duplicate
Safflower cake
Do.
Sulphate of potash
Do.
Superphosphates
No treatment
Do.
Cowdung rib
Do.
Safflower cake .
+ sulphate of potash .
+ superphosphates
Quantity of rab material!
pat on in the seed-bed.
Lbs.
453 cowdung
114 grass
60 earth
653 poudrette
6*3 do.
52 fish
162 do.
260 sheep*dung
£60 do.
SO nitre
80 do.
200 outside ashes
200 do.
1,106 cowdung
198 grass
*!66 eirth
807 aahes
663 cowdung
162 safflower cake —
400 Undicake
2*7 Karanj cako ...
825 oiger cake ...
826 Rayan cake ...
120 safflower cake ...
653 cowdung ...
100 grass .-
75 earth « M
100 safflowercake ...
50 do.
162 safflowercake ...
162 do. •„
12 sulphat i of potash
12 do.
143 superphosphates
143 do.
Cost of rib
materials and
application
cha.gea.
2*6 cowdung
60 grass
36 earth
276 cowdung
60 grass ...
86 earth
163 safflower
12 sulphate of potash
143 superphosphates
Do,
BS. a. p.
2 10
6 12
1 6
1 6
8 10
8 If
6
6
8 7
3 8
2 2
1 11 4
14 2 O
7 0S
3 6
6 4
14 9
1 12
1 1 8
8 10
110 4
1 10 4
13
1 8 O
11 14 11
11 14 11
1 o
10
14 10 3
14 10 3
43
No. of
plot.
Area.
Gunthas.
7
13
i<
8
*)
17
9
i
*{
18
i
I
i
2
8
4
*
1
n
4
H
2
21
5
2i
3
6
24
2|
1
1
2
8
4
5
6
7
8
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
8
4
1
1
1
Kind of treatment
Series VII in duplicate
— continued.
Pafibwercake
+ sutphate of potash
Do.
Siffiowercake
+ superphosphates
Do.
Sulphate of pot- ah
+ superphosphates
Do.
•••
•••
•••
Series VIII.
Cowdung rib ••• J
Lino ... ••
No treatment
Lime ••• ••
Series IX in duplicate.
Mixed branches rib ... \
Do.
Cowdung rab
Do.
No rib
Do.
Series X.
Cowdung rab
Do.
Do*
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Series XI*
Cowdung rib
Do.
Do.
Do.
- I
Quantity of rib materials
pat on in the seed-bed.
Lbs.
182 ssfflower cake ...
12 sulphate of potash
Do.
182 Sfcffiow<ar cake
143 superi>hnsphatos
Do
12 sulphate of potaah
143 superphosphate!
£63 cowdung
KO grass
1± earth
80 lime
75 lime
8 cartl
445 gnus
810 earth
branche
••• •••
3 cart loads branches
4 7 grass
360 tarth
2,7**5 cowdung ...
3<>0 grass
170 earth »~
2,765 cowdung ...
300 ferass
170 earth
1,108 cowdung
144 grans
V3 earth
Same as above
Jo.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
1,106 cowdung
144 gra»a
03 earth
Do
Do. •••
Do. •••
Cost of rib
materials and
application
charges.
Rs. a. p»
4
4
2 13
2 72
13 8 3
18 8 3
13 11
13 11
1 12
7 8
0*12 10
7
7 6
9 13
9 12
2 9
2
9
2
9
2
9
2
9
2
9
2
9
2
9
2 9
2 9
2 9
2 9
44
8. Besults with regard to seedlings. — During the year under
report the seedlings from Series IA, IB and IX were very much
damaged by crabs. The following statement shows the area
actually transplanted and the cost of raising seedlings sufficient
for transplanting an acre :—
Area
Corrected
Cost of raisins;
No. of
plot.
Kind of treatment.
actually
trans-
eaten
portions
and blanks.
seedlings sufficient
for transplanting
planted.
one acre.
Series IA.
Gunthas.
Gunthas.
Rs. a. p.
1
Ain r&b ... ...
H
2
28 2
2
Ashes of Ain r&b ... ...
It
2
33 2
3
No treatment ... ...
H
n
4 1
4
Earth pulverized ... ...
n
2
10 6 8
5
Earth heated ... ..
Series I-B in duplioate.
n
2
37 14 8
1
Mixed branches rib ...
n
2
20 6 8
6
Do.
2
2
20 6 8
2
Ashes of mixed branches
li
2
25 6 8
7
Do.
2
2
22 14 8
3
No treatment .... ...
u
1*
3 12 8
8
Do.
H
1*
3 12 8
4
Earth pulverized ...
Do.
H
2
10 6 8
9
1*
2
10 6 8
5
Earth heated
n
2
37 14 8
10
Do. ... ...
Series II.
u
2
87 14 8
1
Ain nib ... „.
5
5
20 6 a
2
Cowdung rib ... ...
8
8
)8 15 9
3
Mixed branches rib
5
6
22 6 a
4
Grass r&b ...
5
5
10 6
6
Leaf rib
Series III in duplioate.
5
5
b 6 a
1
Mixed branches rib
2*
2*
21 5 4
9
Do.
2*
2*
21 5 4
2
Safflower cake ...
2f
2f
25 15 4
10
Do.
2,
2}
25 15 4
3
Cowdung rib
2*
2*
30 14 8
11
Do. ... ,.
21
2*
30 14 8
4
Poudrette '
2|
3
25 6 4
45
No, of
Kind of treatment.
Area
actually
Corrected
for crab
eaten
Corf of rairing
seedlings sufficient
plot.
tram-
planted.
portions
and blanks.
for transplanting
one acre.
Series III in duplicate.— «o»t<*.
Gunthas.
QunthjM.
Rs. a. p.
20 9 4
12
Poudrette ... ..
2*
2i
5
Fish manure
3
3
92 3 6
13
Do* ... ..
2*
£*
110 10 8
6
Sheepdung
2k
n
23 5 4
14
Do. ... «•
*t
2i
23 5 4
7
Nitre
. 2i
2*
175 6 8
15
Do,
n
2
140 5 4
8
Outside ashes ... ..
2{
2*
9 2 8
16
Do.
Series IT.
H
2
7 5 4
1
Cowdung r£b
5i
6
24 4 9
2
Ashes of cowdung
5
5
30 6
3
Cowdung ploughed in
Series V.
6
6
15 2 2
1
Safflower cake ... ••
6
6
12 8 6
2
Undi cake
6
6
90 2 2
3
Karanj cake
6
6
45 14 4
4
Niger cake
7
7
22 6
5
lUyan cake ...
Series VL
6i
6*
33 4 6
1
Safflower cake
2*
H
23 1 4
2
Cowdung r&b
2\
24
30 5 4
3
Safflower cake
2
2
25
4
Do.
Series VII in duplicate.
2
2
13 15 4
1
Safflower cake ...
42 15 6
10
Do.
42 15
2
Sulphate of potash
31 8 2
11
Do. ... ..
31 8 2
3
Superphosphates ...
300 2 1
12
Do.
300 2 1
4
No treatment ... # .
2 14 8
13
Do. ...
1 13 2
6
Cowdung rdb
SI 5 4
14
Do.
n
26 13 2
46
Area
Corrected
for crab
eaten
portions
and blanks.
Cost of ral-lns;
Ko. of
plot.
Kind of treatment.
* actnaUj
tians-
planted*
•eedlingt aatfui at
far tnnt; 'Anting
one km.
Series VII in duplicate.— eontd.
•
Guntbas.
Gunthas.
Bs. a. p.
6
Safflower cake + Sulphate of
potash + Superphosphates ...
n
n
470 13 4
15
Do. do.
i*
i*
367 IS b
7
Safflower cake + Sulphate of
potash ••• ...
n
n
91
16
Do. do.
i
i
113 12
8
Safflower cake + Superphos-
phutes ... •••
u
i*
» 434 1$ 4
17
Do. do.
i
i
543 8 8
9
Sulphate of potash + Super-
18
phosphates
Do. do.
Series VIII.
u
• 2
2
283 13 10
262 9 8
1
CowduDg rib ... ••
2*
?*
30 5 4
2
Lime ... «••
H
H
11 1
8
No treatment
H
H
2 10 O
4
Lime ... •••
Series IX in duplicate.
i*
i*
24 10 4
1
Mixed branches r£b
10
10
32 7 4
4
Do. ... ••.
5
10
32 7 4
2
Coirdung rib ••• •.
12*
12*
33 9
5
Do* ••• •••
8
1**
83 9
3
No rab ...
9
9
a 4 o
6
Da ...• ...
Series X.
2
9
3 4
1
Cowdung rib
6*
6*
17 2 6
2
Do. ••• •••
6*
6*
17 2 6
8
Do* ... .*•
«*
6*
17 2 6
4
Do. ... •••
5
5
22 14
5
Do. ••• ..-
5
5
22 14
6
Do.
5
6
22 14
7
Do. ... ...
5
8
22 14
8
Do.
Series XI*
5
5
22 14
1
Cowdung rib
5
5
22 14
2
Do. ... «•'
5
5
22 14
3
Do.
5
5
22 14
4
Do. ... •••
5
5
22 14
47
The area of the seed beds was not the same in all cases*
The cowdung nib plot of one guntha supplied seedlings sufficient for
transplanting 8 gunthas, and almost all oilcake plots, poudrette
and fish manure plots supplied seedlings for 6 gunthas each.
The co9t of raising seedlings varies greatly and is very high.
The Ain and mixed branches had to be brought from long dis-
tances and the artificial manures were very costly. The Undi
cake was brought from Ratnigiri and Bdyan from Nadi&d.
9. Remits cf field crops. — The seedlings from cake, fish,
poudrette and cowdung plots were healthy and vigorous in the seed
beds as well as in the transplanted area. The seedlings raised on
artificial manures wero healthy and strong in the seed beds, but
they fared poorly in the transplanted area.
So far as the figures given below prove anything, they indi-
cate that cowdung rao has justified its reputation nmonj cultiva-
tors as the best preparation fur the seed bed. Tue yields are
however much too uneven to be reliable.
48
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55
10. Remits from seed-beds.— On the whole the outturn results
of seed-beds are superior in yield to the transplanted area, and
especially so in the Series III, VI and VII.
Plot
No.
Kind of treatment.
Coat per Acre.
Outturn per Acre.
Profit <+)
or
toss(-).
Field
No.
Coat of
raising
seedling*
Coat of
coltifs-
ttoninthr
trans*
planted
Area.
Total
ooetof
cultiva-
tion.
Grain.
Straw.
Total
value of
outturn.
Beeaarks.
Series 1A.
Ba. a, p.
Ba. a. p.
Ba. a. p.
Lbs.
Lbs.
Be. a. p.
Be. a. p.
6
1
Ainrab
38 3
30
48 3
1.800
1.780
60 8 6
+U 8
»i
t
AsnesofAIn ~
33 8
SO
S3 3
889
1.440
37 8
—16 10
..
3
No treatment ...
4 10
~
4 10
~.
~
•m
-4 10
BeedHags washed
awajbyrain,
»>
4
Earth imlferisei...
10 8 8
30
SO S 8
880
1,880
86 10 8
+6 810
»»
6
Earth heated
87 14 8
SO
8714 S
880
MM
40
♦17 10 8
V* B.— Seedling* from the duplicate seed-beds were enough
only for transplantation area.
Series IB. ...
Seed
lings snffl
dent for
traa
.plant
atlon
area only.
Series II.
5
1
Ain lib
SO 8
38 10 8
47 8
1.800
1.630
67 14 6
+10 18 10
»f
a
Cowdnng rib m
18 13 8
36 10 8
46 10 8
1.880
3,180
10
+34 6 7
»»
3
Mixed branebssrab.
33 8
39 10 8
43 8
1.440
1.440
63 8
+3 7 4
»•
4
Grass rab
10 8
38 10 8
37 8
1.330
1,800
48 8
+ 13 8 7
M
6
Leaf zib
Series III.
18 8
38 10 8
48
1.380
1,880
51 4
•+6 3 4
6
•
Mixed braoehet rib.
81 6 4
S3 8
43 13 4
1,780
1.030
66
+81 3 6
9
1
Do.
81 6 4
37 1 4
48 8 8
2.340
8.040
86 13 3
+38 8 7
6
7
Sefflower aaka
38 13 4
S3 8
49 7 4
3,730
3,880
100
+61 6 8
9
3
Do.
38 18 4
37 1 4
88 8
3.349
080
03 8
+88 7 4
6
8
Cowdnng rib
30 14 8
S3 8
63 8 8
9.680
9,880
96
+41 4
•
3
Do.
3014 8
37 1 4
68
3,3*0
8,380
87 8
+30 8
6
Poodrelte
80 8 4
S3 8
43 i 4
8,680
9.880
86
+61 14 8
9
4
Do.
38 6 4
37 1 4
88 6 8
8,330
3,840
93 8
+40 1 4
6
10
Fiah manors
10 10 8
SS 8
183 8 8
8,778
5.130
113 1
—81 1 8
9
8
Do.
03 3 8
37 1 4
110 4 10
3,400
4,180
98 10 8
-3310 4
6
11
Sheep dnng
38 8 4
S3 8
46 13 4
S.847
8,088
80 7 8
+48 11
9
6
Do. M
S3 8 4
87 1 4
80 8 8
1,100
8,880
8810 8
+88 8 10
8
13
Nitre „
Seedli
age ejuBl
slant for
trans
ptanfta
Hon sr
m oolgr.
9
7
Do.
148 8 4
t37 1 4
187 8 6
1,780
3,309
7110
-86 18 3
e
13
Ashes „.
SeedH
ngs sojffl
dent for
tram
piaata
tioa ar
am oar/.
9
8
Do,
9 3 8
37 1 4
38 4
1.930
3.880
70 S 8
+43 14 6
so
Plot
No.
Kind of treatment.
Cost per Acre.
Outturn per Acre.
Pro8t (+)
or
loss (-).
Field
No.
Cost of
raising
seedling*.
Cost of
cnltira-
tion Id the
trans*
planted
Area.
Total
cost of
cultiva-
tion.
Grain Straw.
i
Total
value of
outturn*
Remark*.
Series IV.
Rs. a. p.
Rs. a. p.
Rs.a,p.
Lbs.
Lbs.
Rs. a. p.
Rs. a. p.
6
6
Cowdung rib
24 4 4
26 10 8
60 16
1,020
3,160
71 4
+20 6
M
7
Ashes of cowdung ..
30 6
26 10 8
67 8
1.440
1,840
64 9 3
-2 7 6
M
6
Cowdung ploughed
in
Series V.
16 2 3
26 10 8
41 12 10
1,920
2,440
73 11 8
4-30 14 6
9
81
Safflower cake
12 8 6
26
87 8 6
1.920
4,080
81 4
4-43 11 6
•k
83
Undi cake
90 2 2
26
116 8 2
1,840
3,600
76 8
-38 10 2
»>
88
Karanj cake
46 14 4
85
70 14 4
1,84a
3.680
76 13 8
4-4 14 11
»»
84
Niger cake
22 6
26
47 8
1.280
2,720
64 3 6
+7 2
•»
26
Rajan oake
Series VI.
38 4 6
26
68 4 6
1.280
2,640
63 12
-4 8 6
6
9
Safflower oake ...
S3 1 4
26 10 8
49 12
2.240
2.880
65
♦ 35 4
»»
10
Cowdung rib
30 6 4
26 10 8
67
1.760
2,240
67 11 3
4-10 11 3
•»
11
Safflower cake
28
26 10 8
61 10 8
2,240
2.890
85
+33 6 4
••
18
Do.
Series VII.
13 16 4
26 10 8
40 10
2.160
2,660
80 18 3
+39 3 3
9
9
Safflower cake ...
43 16 6
36
77 16 6
1.920
8.840
80
4-2 6
»»
10
Sulphate of Potash.
31 8 2
86
66 8 2
1.920
3,340
80
+18 7 10
$»
11
Superphosphates ...
300 2 1
36
336 8 1
3,240
3,840
90
—246 8 1
»»
•»
18
13
No treatment
Cowdung rib
2 14 8
34 6 4
86
85
37 14 8
69 6 4
2.240
2,660
2,660
4.480
88 6 3
108 6 3
+45 6 7
+83 15 11
Received manure
from adjacent plots.
#»
14
Safflower cake +
sulphate of potash
+ superphos-
phatee.
470 13 4
36
606 13 4
1.280
5,120
66 10 6
-439 2 10
»#
16
Safflower eake +
sulphate of potash
91
36
126
1,280
6.400
73 6
-62 11
»f
16
Safflower oake +
superphosphates.
434 13 4
36
469 18 4
1,280
6.120
66 10 6
—403 2 10
»f
17
Sulphate of potash
Hhsuperp hot-
phates.
288 18 10
36
323 13 10
1.280
3.840
62
-261 13 10
N.B.— Seedlings from the duplicate seed-beds were just
enough for the transplantation area.
Series VIII.
9
ft
18
19
Cowdung rib
Lime ~.
80 6 4
11 1
26 6 8
26 6 8
65 12
86 7 8
1,120
1,280
8,080
1,920
46 13 3
50 O
-•14 9
+18 8 4
Sofl rocky. Crop
I thin and eaten
»*
80
No treatment
210
26 6 8
28 8
800
860
86
46 16 4
by crabs.
J
w J
21
Lime
Seedli
ngs suffi
cient for
trans
plantation ar
ea only.
67
Plot
No.
Kind of treatment.
Cost per Acre.
Coetof
raising
seedlinge.
Coetof
cultiva-
Total
tion in the
coetof
trans-
cultiva-
planted
tion.
Are*.
Outturn per Acre.
Grain. Straw,
Total
▼aloe of
outturn.
Profit (+)
or
U»e(-).
Remarfce.
12
Series IX. Be. a. p.
3
6
14
15
„
16
»,
17
>j
18
*»
19
,,
20
>>
21
7
1
>»
2
„
3
»
4
Mixed branches rftb. Beedli ngs enffi
Cowdungrfb ^ 32 7 4
No rib
Beedli
Be. a. p.
I
nge enS
Be. a. p.
cient for
64 7 4
cient or
Lbe. Lbe. Be. a, p.
trene
trane
plantation area only.
I
1,520 Ul 14 (•
I
plantation ar
Be. a. p.
-12 8 10
ea only.
N. B.~ Seedlings from the duplicate seed-beds were not
enough for transplantation.
Series X.
Cowdung rab
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do*
Series XI.
Cowdnng r£b
Do.
Do.
Do.
17 2 6
17 2 6
17 2 6
24 9 4
24 9 4
24 9 4
41 11 10 ; 1.640 U.800
22 14 ' 24 9 4
22 14 ' 24 9 4
22 14
22 14
24 9 4
21 9 4
22 14 ; 24 4
22 II
24
22 14 24 6
41 11 10
41 11 10
47 7 4
47 7 4
47 7 4
47 7 4
47 7 4
47 4
47 4
22 14 0'24 60[l7 40
23 1*0,2460 47 40
1,600
1.64)
1,320
1,360
1.480
1,160
1,320
1.560
1,560
1,560
1,720
1.720
1.410
1.600
1.560
1,360
1,560
.800
,680
1.720
1.490 1,640
60 10
58 15 3
60 3 8
49 1?
50 18 3
54 6
43 6 ?
6
58 2
57 8
57 11 3
54 13 6
413 14 2
4-17 3 5
4-18 7 6
+14 8
+ 3 6 11
+6 1* 8
-4 2 1
+1 14 8
4-10 14
+11 4
+ 10 7 3
+7 8 6
Variety Jtests.
11. Fifty -four varieties of rice from the Bombay Presidency and
253 varieties from Bengal were tried this year on a very small area.
Only fifteen bunches of each variety were transplanted. The yield
from each bed varied from 2 to 8 ozs. The produce has been preserved
for sowing in the next year.
B 1095— 8
58
The notes as to the characteristics of the Bengal varieties are given
in the statement below : —
No.
Name of Variety.
Colour of
stem.
Final
height.
Length,
of ear.
Date of
sowing.
Date of
transplant-
ing.
Date of
flowering.
Date of
harvest-
ing.
1
2
8
4
5
6
7
8
9
Ft.
In.
Inches.
1
Uraitrotta (old)
White...
2
8
7
30th May.
19th July.
24th Sept
29th Oct
2
Samharpuchhi
»» •••
8
8
8
Do.
Do. J
28th Sept.
30th Oct.
8
Chitrakot (old)
Reddish
2
7
6
Do.
Do.
10th Sept.
18th Oct
4
Sailo
White ..
2
8
6
Do.
Do.
21st Sept.
24th Oct.
5
Sont
}i ...
3
2
8
Do.
Do.
4th Oct
9th Nov.
6
Chhatrl
» • ••
2
7
6
Do.
Do.
27th Sept
30fch Oct
7
Suwapankhi
Dndhkhoa (old)
»t •••
3
2
8
Do.
Do.
1st Oct.
9th Nor.
8
ft
2
8
7
Do.
Do.
Do.
1st Nov.
9
Radhavalnne (old) ..
9t ...
3
8
10
Do.
Do.
5th Oct.
9th Nov.
10
Ponga
It ...
8
11
9
Do.
Do.
4th Oct.
Do.
n
Kakeri rice (new) ...
n •••
3
7
Do.
Do.
23rd Aug.
31st Oct
12
Amagoli
Reddish
3
6
10
Do.
Do.
20th Sept.
Do.
13
Chinnor
>*
3
10
Do.
Do.
12th Oct.
16th Nov.
14
Telasi
Greenish
2
4
6
Do.
Do.
14th Sept.
16th Oct.
15
Haradgonda ...
White...
2
8
6
Do.
Do.
25th Sept.
9th Nov.
16
Ponga
»>
3
2
9
Do.
Do.
7th Oct.
Do.
17
Tedi
» •••
2
8
6
Do.
Do.
4th Oct.
Do.
18
Pandhari (old)
i» *•
2
5
6
Do.
Do.
27th Sept.
31st Oct.
19
Karl Eonj ...
» •••
2
5
5
Do.
Do.
8th Oct
9th Nov.
20
Garar Koth
n ...
2
4
G
Do.
Do.
7th Oct.
Do.
21
Chipda
» ...
2
5
6
Do.
Do.
16th Sept
18th Oct.
22
Garadkat
tt •••
2
4
6
Do.
Do.
23rd Sept
1st Nov.
23
Mahurdheti
a ••»
2
3
6
Do.
Do.
1st Oct.
Do.
24
Chinga
a ...
2
4
6
Do.
Do.
15th Sept.
16th Oct.
25
Bagmuchhi (old)
n
2
11
8
Do.
Do.
13th Sept.
16th Nov.
26
Bhera Eawar
it ...
3
2
8
Do.
Do.
26th Sept
31st Oct.
27
Rupraj (old)
Padanuar
tt •••
2
7
7
Do.
Do.
1st Oct.
1st Nov.
28
9> •••
2
4
7
£°-
Do.
29th Aug.
29th Sept.
29
KariKonga
it ...
2
11
8
£°-
Do.
23rd Sept.
9th Nov.
80
Nonga
Sontb
tt •••
2
6
C
Do.
Do.
11th Sept.
llth Oct.
81
tt •«•
2
10
8
Do.
Do.
22nd Sept
31st Oct.
82
Samudrasoakh
» ...
3
9
9
Do.
Do.
30th Sept
1st Nov.
98
Chinlkapur
M •••
3
C
Do.
Do.
28th Sept.
Do.
34
Sooapankh
ft •••
3
8
Do.
Do.
29th Sept
31st Oct
35
Bhakwa
)» •••
2
9
6
D<»
Do.
3rd Oct
1st Nov.
86
Chinga (old)
a
2
6
Do.
Do.
23rd Aug.
25th Sept
37
Nagsar
tt •••
2
5
8
Do.
Do.
26th Sept.
9th Nov.
38
Tnlsizak
it •••
2
4
9
Do.
Do.
5th Oct.
Do.
39
Terhi
Greenish
2
9
7
Do.
Do.
1st Oct
Do.
40
Ramkel
White...
2
6
6
Do.
Do.
28th Sept.
Do.
41
No name ...
» ...
2
2
5
Do.
Do.
24th Aug.
Do.
42
$$ ... ...
t» •••
2
6
6
Do.
Do.
1st Oct.
Do.
43
w
n •••
1
8
5
Do.
Do.
5th Oct
Do.
44
»» ...
»t •••
2
2
6
Do.
Do.
25th Aug.
4th Oct
45
99 ••• •••
»» •••
3
4
10
Do.
Do.
10th Oct.
9th Nov.
46
it •••
,» •••
1
9
5
Do.
Do,
30th Aug.
2nd Oct
47 .,
j) ...
2
6
Do.
Do.
3rd Sept
4th Oct.
48
M •
„ ...
2
2
6
J>o.
Do,
22nd Sept
24th Oct
50
Kamc of Variety.
Colour of
atom.
FitiaT
bdgbt.
Length
of «ar.
Dated
sowing.
Date of
transplant-
ing.
Date of
flowering*
Date of
arvftfti
teg.
No name
... ••
••• •••
••• •••
••• ••
■•• ••
White.
Reddish.
White,
Reddish.
White..
Kamniayalal
Chatteparneclai
Chavannaga Aryan
Ponnachatta Aryan
No name
•••
•••
Karanai sora (Bankral)
KamalBhog
Ramsal
Mota Balane
Pankharas •••
Bhoourlr tylhet .«
Laniml Bhandar
Bank Told
Hoorie (heavier yield)
Palnai Nabason
Bankari ... ••
Yatukulma ...
Marich Shal
PatnaiBhoginal
Sylhet
Komrah Qorh
KamalBhog
HariMayee ...
GolapSaru ... •<
Kusumsal ... •«
BadshftBhoy
Kalam Katbee
»
Reddish!
White...
Reddish.
White..
ft ••
Reddish.
White.
f> •••
» •••
i>
|9 •••
N •••
»» M
Ft. In*
laches,
6
6
6
8
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
7
6
6
4
7
6
7
6
8
6
6
7
6
6
7
8
9
6
6
7
9
7
9
7
9
7
*
8
6
7
6
7
7
6
7
6
6
6
7
9
7
80th May.
19th July.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do,
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
► **
8th Oct
8th8ept
0th Oct
23rd Sept,
7th kept.
lOth&pt
7th Sept
27th Aug.
21st Kept
3rd Oct,
29th Aug.
7th Oct.
Sid Sept.
1st Sept.
9th Kept.
8rdOct
20th Kept
26th 8ept.
6th Sept.
10th Oct.
21st Sept.
17th Kept.
1st Oct
26th Sept.
20th Sept.
12th Sept.
27th Sept
26th 8ept
26th 8ept
10th Sept
27th Sept.
11th Oct
10th Oct
6th Oct
7th Oct
3rd Oct
28rd Sept
9th Oct
Do.
3rd Oct.
8th Oct
12th Sept
8rd Oct
10th Oct.
Do.
3rd Oct
13th Oct.
Do.
10th Oct
144hOct
18th Oct,
17th CS
9th Nor.
11th Oot
9th Nor.
1st Not.
11th Oct
18th Oct
Do.
29th Sept
24th Oct
19th Not.
4th Oct
19th Nor.
6th Oct.
2nd Oct
18th Oct
19th Not.
24th Oct
1st Not.
23rd Oct
19th Not
1st Not.
Do.
19th Not.
2nd Not.
Do.
Do.
Do.
19th Not.
2nd Not.
Do.
19th Not.
Do.
26th Not.
19th Not.
26th Not.
19th Not.
Do.
26th Not.
Da
ltfthNOT
26th Not.
21st Oct
19th Not.
Do.
21st Not.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Da.
27th N<m
60
Name of Tariety.
Colon* oi| Final
height
Length,
of ear.
Date of
•owing.
Date of
transplant-
ing.
Date of
flowering.
Date of
harvest-
ing.
Marich Fal ... ••
Dholay Meti
Ghandan Sal
SaghaBitchi Patni ..
Baguii
Nilkanth ...
Dadahal
Dhaleakalum
Banakehnr ...
KalmUal
B ona •••
Madhu Malti
Mogi Balam ...
Nagra
Marioh Sal ...
Hingcheyloga
BansQoRal *••
Melegorh
BaukCkor ...
Panik 8al ...
Gonth
Dadhiyftoun
Salaybat
Sita Sal
Candheswaxi
Man* Bhog ...
UttnriaBal ...
Kanak Char ...
Lona ...
Rnpthai •••
Mahipat ...
Uthuxiakhna
Chiby
Kanakchnr •••
Bolam •••
Rupehal
Baukchnr ...
Kannoul
Bnpaal
Gayahahi ...
Katwhoby
A vat
Shankchnr ...
Bhankni •••
KeUybaAkciMU
Bankemciki ••«
Khijoor Chari
Dndkaln>a •••
Thaia •••
151 I Gognibali . •••
152 Sftban •••
;..
White...
Reddish.
White!!!
Blue ..
White.
M ••
»> ...
p ...
M ••'
f» ..
„ ...
n ••«
Reddish.
White
Reddish.
White...
» •••
9) •••
Reddish.
White...
ft
99 •••
»
3*
Reddish.
White.
Ft. In.
2 10
a 6
2 7
2 9
8 4
8 5
2 10
8 10
8 5
8 2
2 10
2 9
% 7
2 11
2 10
2 10
2 11
2 6
2 7
3 4
8 8
2 10
2 10
2 10
2 7
3 2
2 3
2 6
3 8
3 5
2 11
2 7
8 4
3
2 11
2
4
2
8
8
6
2
10
8 5
2 jIO
2 9
Inches.
7
8
7
9
9
10 <
8
7
10
8
9
7
8
9
8
9
9
7
6
6
6
7
6
6
9
7
9
8
10
7
7
7
8
6
6
9
8
9
8
8
8
9
6
9
7
7
9
6
7
8
7
8
30th May,
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do,
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
J>o.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Da
Do.
Do.
'Do*
10th J*ly.
Do,
Do,
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do,
Do.
Do.* _
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
8th Oct.
11th Oct.
Do.
Do.
Do.
8th Oct.
12th Oct.
9th Oct.
10th Oct.
12th Oct.
8th Oct.
9th Oct.
8th Oct.
6th Oct.
10th Oct.
11th Oct.
10th OoU
Do.
26th. Aug,
9th Oct.
11th Oct.
9th Oct.
23rd Sept
11th Oct.
5th Oct.
Do.
8th Oct
Uth Oct.
SrdOct.
8th Oct.
5th Oct.
9th Oct
8th Oct.
10th Oct
12th Oct.
2nd Oct
12th Oct.
8th Oct
6th Oct.
8th Oct
11th Oct.
8th Oct.
5th Sept
l8thOct
Tth Oct.
25th Sept
16th Oct
14th Oct.
18th Oct
10th Oct.
18th Oct
Do.
16ih Not.
Do
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
26th Not.
21st Nov.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Da
Do.
4th Oct
21st Not.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
26th Not.
22nd Not.
Da
Da
Do.
Do.
1)o.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Da
** J>0 '
SG&Not.
^2nd Not.
2nd Not.
*tt ec.
22nd Not.
2nd Not.
22nd Not.
1st Bee.
26th Nor.
22nd Nov. .
26th Nov.
Do.
6i
l
No.
Name of Variety.
Colour oi
stem.
Final
height |
Length,
of car.
Date of
sowing.
6
Date of
transplant-
ing.
i
Bate of
flowering.
Date of
harrest*
ing.
i
1
2
8
4
1
6
7
1 8
9
Ft.
In.
Inches.
153
Bank Tulsi
White,..
2
10
7
30th May.
19th Jaly.
11th Oct.
26th Not.
154
Khoshkhani or Shit-
** •••
2
3
5
Da
Do.
10th Oct.
22nd Not.
155
ghhoga.
Katmanu ...
» ...
8
2
8
Do.
Do.
8tb0ct
Do.
156
Kanakcbur ..
» •••
2
11
9
Do.
Do.
11th Oct.
27th Not.
167
Patnai (long)
» •••
2
6
7
Do.
Do.
10th Oct
22nd Not.
158
Changoasal
» ...
2
10
7
Do.
Do.
Do.
23rd Not.
159
Panlay
Beddish.
3
8
8
Do.
Do.
11th Oct.
26ih Not.
160
Sarobati
White...
2
4
6
Do.
Do.
Do.
23rd Not.
161
GovindBhoj
t> ••
2
4
7.
Do.
Do.
15th Oct.
Do.
162
Balam
ii ...
2
'4
6
Do.
Do.
Do.
Da
163
Kamioi Sara
$t •••
2
1
5
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
164
Badshalbhog
99 •••
2
4
5
Do.
Do.
14th Oct.
Do.
165
Yamai Lara ... ...
99 •••
2
10
7
Do.
Do.
6th OcU
Do.
166
Hatl-Sal
» •••
2
7
6
Do.
Do.
12th Oct
Do.
167
Da&khani
99 •••
2
11
8
Do.
Do.
Do.
26th Not.
168
Kali Mane
II •••
2
2
6
Do.
Do.
8th Oct.
Do.
169
Piprebank ...
Keddiab.
2
6
6
Do.
Do.
27th Ang.
4th Oct.
170
Ora
White...
3
8
Do.
Do.
18th Oct,
26th Not.
171
Eanakohar
»i ...
2
6
6
Do.
Do.
5th Oct
Do,
172
Ash Kul
•• ...
2
11
T
Do.
Do.
9th Oct.
Do.
173
JhigguSal
Beddish.
2
8
6
Do.
Do.
12th Oct
Do.
174
Muoguray .„.
M ...
2
3
1 7
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
175
Khair Mori
White...
2
9
8
Do.
Do.
12th Oct.
Do.
176
Lai Kalama ... ...
Beddish.
2
10
7
Do.
Do.
10th Oct.
Do.
177
Karbi Bangi
White..
2
7
5
Do.
Do.
8th Oct.
Do.
178
Padshsbhog
Sunder Mnkhi
99 ...
2
8
6
Do.
Do.
12th Oct
Do.
179
$9 • ••
2
10
7
Do.
Do.
10th Oct
Do.
180
LaxmiKajal ...
99 •••
2
11
8
Do.
Da.
15th Qct
Do.
381
M <>*
•9 ...
2
10
8
Do.
Do.
12th Oct.
18th Not.
182
Amon ••• ...
ft ...
2
3
6
Do.
Do.
10th Oct.
Do.
183
Mardu Baj
99 •••
2
8
6
Do.
Do.
9th Oct.
Do.
184
Dbali
99 •••
2
10
6
Do.
Do.
4th Oct
Do.
185
186
187
Bonbota
'Khirshey bhog
PaddiShal
» ...
99 •••
»» •••
2
2
3
10
8
4
i
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
19th Sept
4th Oct.
11th Oct.
89th Oct
18th Not.
Do.
188
Horkol •-
Reddish.
2
7
6
Do.
Do.
10th Oct.
Do.
189
Gandhia Viraja
„ .«.
2
5
i 10
Do.
Do.
6th Oct.
Do.
190
•£oagra ...
,, ...
8
O
9
Do.
Do.
ttthOcs.
26 th Not.
191
192
193
Begum Bicby
Bhathi Sal ...
Madan Mohan
„ ...
White?..
3
2
8
10
9
8
8
Do.
Do.
Do.
-Do.
Do.
Do.
4th Oct.
15th Oct
10th Oct.
18th Nor.
Do.
Do.
194
MaganSbal
Beddish.
3
5
9
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
195
GandhaMalti
White...
3
1
X 2
Do.
Do.
14th Oct.
196
197
198
Megi Ban!
Pairanri
Bandhani Pagal ...
Beddish!
9$ •••
3
3
3
1
1
7
9
9
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
12th Oct.
10th Oct.
12th Oct
26th Not.
18th Not.
Do.
199
200
Khejra „ # ...
Laxfmi Bilas
19 ...
White...
2
3
10
4
8
8
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
10th Oct
3rd Oct
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
201
202
203
Hingchog Loghn ...
Banafnti
Lalkalma ..• ...
Bed ...
99 •••
Beddiah.
3
3
3
6
3
b
7
8
9
Do.
Do.
Do.
<
Do.
Do.
Do.
9th Oct.
Do.
3rd Oct
No.
Name of Variety.
Colour of
item.
Final
height
Length
of car.
Date of
sowing.
Date of
transplant-
ing.
Date of
flowering.
Date of
harvest-
ing.
1
2
8
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
Ft. In.
Inches.
204 Karlick Bangi
White..
8
9
80th May.
19ih July.
8th Oct.
26th Nov.
206
Monlata
tt ••••
3 5
7
Do.
Do.
10th Oct.
Do.
206
Parabat Bangi
w •••
2 10
6
Bo.
Do.
8th Oct.
Do.
207
Yamai Lara ...
ii ...
2 9
8
Bo.
Do.
23rd fcept
Do.
208
Hannra Kuli
»• ...
3 4
9
Do.
Do.
6th Oct
Do.
209
KenlaShal ...
Reddish.
2 6
6
Do.
Do.
Do.
27th Not.
210
Govind bhog
Greenish
3 4
9
Do.
Do.
4f h Oct.
Do.
211 ' Shamoti . M
White...
2 10
6
Do.
Do.
2nd Oct.
Do.
212 1 Murara Shati
tt •••
2 8
6
Do.
Do.
13th Oct
Do.
218 ' Kaiindi
Reddish.
8 2
6
Do.
Do.
3rd Oct.
Do.
214
Farabat Gin
Wblo...
2 10
8
Do.
Do.
8th Oct.
Do.
215
Kale Gira
tt ••*
3 9
10
Do.
Do.
4th Oct.
Do.
216
Horin Kbura ...
$t •••
2 7
7
Do.
Do.
7th Oct.
Do.
217
Bans Mugoor
ft ...
2 8
6
Do.
Do.
11th Oct
1st Dec.
218
Kala Mod ...
Beddish.
2 11
8
Do.
Do.
12th Oct
27th Nor.
219
Kocho
White...
2 6
7
Do.
Do.
11th Oct
1st Dec.
220
Paranasal
»# ...
2 4
8
Do.
Do.
Do.
27th Nov.
221
Alegi •••
M •••
2 10
8
Do.
Do.
14th Oct
1st Dec.
222
Durga Megi
tt •••
2 6
6
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
223
MalaBati
ft •••
2 8
6
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
224
Keley Bokrah
tt •••
2 5
5
Do.
Do.
12th Oct
Do.
225
Piprueshal •••
t% •••
2
5
Do.
Do.
6th Sept.
2nd tfov. •
226
Baldar
Reddish.
2 8
5
Do.
Do.
9th Oct.
27th Nov.
227
Longra ... ...
Tat Mugoor •
White...
2 10
8
Do.
Do.
12th Oct
Do.
228
»i •••
2 10
8
Do.
Do.
18th Oct
1st Dec.
229
Mahipal ••• ...
it •••
3 4
10
Do.
Do.
7th Oot.
17th Not.
230
Sowera
Beddish.
8 2
10
Do.
Do.
22nd b'ept.
Do.
281
Gagameli
White...
2 11
9
Do.
Do.
10th Oct.
Do.
282
Black Ambemohor
Girga.
Ambanali •••
Greenish
2 10
7
Do.
Do.
3rd Oot.
Do.
233
White...
3 2
8
Do.
Do.
13th Oct.
Do.
234
Lhaba Mugud ...
KothimbirSali
91 •••
3 1
8
Do.
Do.
22nd Sept
3rd Oct.
235
II •••
S 10
9
Do.
Do.
10:h Sept.
17th Nov.
236
Lhaba Mugud ...
»• . /•
3 2
9
Do.
Do.
25th Kept
4th b'ept.
30th Oct.
287
Antu Kali ... ...
Reddish.
4 5
10
Do.
Do.
17th Not.
238
White Ambemohor ...
White...
3 9
10
Da.
Do.
13th Sept.
Do.
239
Mal-dodga ...
i> ...
2 10
8
Do.
D?.
9th b'ept.
13th Oct
The rest of the Bengal varieties did not germinate.
63
The following statement gives similar notes for the 54 varieties
of this Presidency :—
Name of Variety.
Colour of
Final
height
Length
of ear.
Date of
towing.
Date of
transplant-
ing.
Date of
flowering.
Date of
harvest-
ing.
7 Ambemohor Halva...
9 Halva Ambemohor...
20 Ambemohor Garva..
45 Ambemohor Lam
boda.
49 Amoemohor Botka..
50 Konkani Garva
51 Konkani Halva
54 Kamod
48 Eoned
12 Ghudya Sani Garva
13 Tulsia Sani Garva...
25 Rajawal Garva ..
28 Bodka Garva
6HalvaMah4dl
19 Garvi Patni
17 Garva Dodka ..
18 Malbhaft Halva ..
26 Nirpunji Garva ..
18 Kachora Garva ..
44 Kali Sal
52 Chiman Sil
42 Sal White
40 Dangi or Danger ..
23 GhoaAlwel Garva ..
4 Ghosawel „
1 Km U\ Halva ..
22 Tavsal Garvi
53 Tamb Kudal
41 Welchi
46 White Eolamba ..,
43 Kamod Jiri Patni..,
80 Barka Kolamba ...
29 Zina Kolamba
27 Mahadya Varangal
21 Sonwel Garva
16 Barki Mahadi ..
31 Dodka
33 Kndurthi (Thana).
47 Thiii Paki Endai..
3 Halvar Halva .,
5 Bhadas Halva ..
10 Halvi Patni
11 Dodka Suni Garva..
32 Dodka (Ehadak
wasla).
34 Patni (Thana) ..,
36 Torna (Thana) ...
39Bhnra ...
White.
n
Bed
White.,
Reddish
White...
Reddish
White..,
Reddish
White..,
Bed .
» •«
White-
Red .
ft •
White.,
i
Ft. In
2 9
3
2 7
2 10
3 2
2 10
2 6
3 4
2 6
3 5
2 10
3 2
2 10
2 3
2 8
3 4
2 2
2 8
2 10
2 4
2 H
2 2
2 5
2 4
2 8
2 6
2 7
2 8
2 10
2 7
2 8
Inches.
6
7
8
9
9
9
7
7
9
10
8
8
9
5
8
10
5
5
6
7
5
6
8
7
6
6
5
7
G
7
5
8
6
6
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
8
6
6
30th May
D;.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do,
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
D».
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
J>o.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
21st July.
Do.
Do.
Do,
Do.
Do.
Dc.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
23rd July
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
29th Sept
19th 8ept
10th Oct.
26th Sept
23rd Sept
6th Oct
18th bept
26th Sept.
1st Oct
26th bept
19th Sept.
30th Sept
4th Oct
21st Sept
11th Oct.
4th Oct
18th Sept.
4th Oct.
25th Sept
4th Oct
3rd Oct
29th Sept
19th Sept
26th Sept
6th Sept
17th Sept.
2nd Oct
17th 8ept
7th bept
2nd Oct
10th Oct.
5th Oct
6th Oct
10th Oct.
Do.
6th Oct
10th Oct
17th Sept.
4th Oct.
21st Sept.
18th Sept.
23rd Sept
16th Sept.
17th Sept,
21st Sept.
8th Sept.
17th Sept.
6th Nov.
Do.
10th Nov.
Do.
Do.
Do.
6th Nov.
16th Nov.
5th Nov.
Do.
23rd Oct
6th Nov.
Do.
24th Oct
10th Nov.
Do.
16th Nov.
14th Not.
Do.
Do.
Do.
24th Oct.
7th Nor.
Do.
16th Oct
24th Oct
7th Nov.
24th Oct.
15th Oct.
8th Nov.
14th Nov.
Do.
Do.
8th Nov.
14th Nov.
Do.
13th Nov.
17th Oct.
14th Oct.
16th Nov.
16th Oct.
lethNov.
14th Nov.
17th Oct.
24th Oct.
16th Oct.
24th Oct.
64
No.
NAme of Variety.
t
Oolottr
of stem.
Final
height.
Length
of ear.
Date of
sowing.
Date of
transplant
ting.
Bate of
flowering.
Date of
harvest-
ing.
1
2
8 4
1
5
6
7
8
9
48
49
£0
51
62
68
64
14 Homdl ... ...
15 Khiri Patni
24 Jada Kolamba ...
2 Mahadi
86 Mahadi
87 Rate
8SMundaBat»
Reddish.
Red ...
White...
Bed ...
Reddish.
whW«
Ft. In.
8 2
8 1
2 11
2 4
2 8
2 4
2 8
Inches.
7
7
8
5
6
6
7
80th May.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
23rd July.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
23rd Sept.
5th Oct.
4th Oct.
19th Sept,
22nd Sept.
10th Sepb
15th Sept.
7th Nov.
Do.
Do.
17th Oct.
24th Oct.
17th Oct.
Idth Nov.
12. Fourteen selected varieties of the Bombay rice were grown on
a little larger area (2 gunthas for each variety). The outturn results
from field plots as well as from seed-beds are tabulated below : —
A
Name of Variety.
|
•5
Coat per acre.
Outturn per acre.
3
Cost of
Cost of cul-
tivation in
Total coat
Total
*
raising
the trans-
of cultiva-
Grain.
Straw.
value of
l
i
seedlings.
planted
area.
tion.
Outturn.
16
Field plot*.
Rs. a. p.
Rs. a. p.
Rs. a. p.
Lbs.
Lbs.
Rs. a. p.
1
BarkaMahidya
■*
1,080
1,400
41 6
2
Garva Dodka
1,040
1,440
40
8
Tamsal Garri
800
800
29 2 6
4
Patni
680
1,280
27 14 6
5
Mah&U ...
3
840
1,200
82 8
6
Kali Sal ...
*
1,040
1,120
38 5 3
7
Ambemhor Lamboda ...
60
960
1,400
87 4 6
8
Zina Kolamba
a
B
37 18 8
12 13 8
50 11 4
1,080
1,280
40 6 6
9
Dodka ...
%
920
1,200
35
10
Kamod Jiri Patni
o
800
1,200
81 4
11
Chiman Hal
1,000
1,280
37 14 6
12
Kamod •••
807
1,067
33 14 3
18
Tin Paki Kudai
853
1,013
31 14 9
14
Ambemohor
-
1,280
1,440
47 8
14
Seed-beds.
1
BarkaMahadya
;
2,000
1,600
70 IS
2
Garva Dodka
1,440
2,400
67 8
8
Tamsal Gam
i
60
g
1,600
1,600
58 5
4
Patni
880
1,760
36 10
5
Mahadi ...
960
1,760
89 2 6
6
Kali Sal ...
.87 13 8
3 8 5
41 1 1
1,600
2,003
60 6 6
7
Ambemohor Lamboda. . .
i
2,000
2,560
75 13 3
8
Zina Kolamba ...
2,000
1,600
70 33
9
Dodka ... « M
Q
1,520
1,920
67 8
10
Kamod Jiri Patni
1,860
1,920
52 8
11
Chiman Sal
1,680
2,880
67 8
12f
No seedlings remained
to?
after transplanting for
these seed-bed plots.
i
14(
►
i
65
13. In the present season, weights (dry) were taken of
the seedlings from differently treated plots. The statement
below gives details : —
Average weight of seedlings (in grammes)
in each of the triplicate plots.
Treatment*
A.
B.
c.
Mom
ofalL
Weight per plant.
Safflower cake
0-4097
0-4987
• * •
0-4532
Ain rab
0-0879
*• •
• ••
0-0879
Mixed branches rAb
f 0-2181
01708 01430
01773
Ashes of mixed branches rib
0-0797
01 094 , 0-0954
0-2948
Cowdung ploughed in ...
0928
00772
0-0850
Cowdung r&b
0-2561
0-3172 : ...
0-2866
Earth pulverised
Earth heated ...
0909
00625 j 01000
0-0845
0*3582
02968 0-2276
1
0-2935
In the case of the " earth heated " plot the soil was excavated
to a depth of 3 inches, spread on iron sheets and heated from
below to a temperature of between 200° and 230° P. The soil
was on the sheets for a period of about an hour before this
temperature was reached. After cooling down it was replaced in
the seed-beds.
Probably neither the "earth heated " plot nor the rdbed
plots did as well as they would ordinarily have done owing to the
fact that the soil was moist, an unseasonable shower having
fallen a few days before the date of burning. This undoubtedly
prevented the earth in all cases being heated to so high a
temperature as ordinarily.
B 1005— 9
66
Experiments off the Station
14. Experiments were continued as last year on cultivators'
fields in Karjat, Kalyan and Salsette T41ukas.
Name of the village and district.
Number of
plots.
Area treated.
Xola'ba District.
•
Ganthas.
Bhansoli
Chincholi
•••)TAluka Karjat
Tha'na District*
•••{
12
19
12
28
Maharal
Kambe
Kalve
; # *}TiUukaKaly<ii
... TAluka SiUsette
•••
18
9
21
18
18
27
The selection of site was made in the month of May and the
plots were measured by the Circle Inspectors.
15. The following varieties of rice were grown in the manured
fields :—
Name of place.
>'ame of variety.
Bhansoli
Chincholi
Maharal
Kambe
Ealve
...
•••
Eolamba and Halvi Patni.
Podka and Kolamba.
The manures were applied to the fields in the month of
August — in Karjat on the 3rd ; in Kalyan on the 8th and in
S&sette on the 10th and 11th August. The seedlings were
well established at the time of the application of the manure.
Throughout the growth of the crop there was enough of
rain, but was rather insufficient at the time of the formation
of seed.
The statement below shows the details.
67
Name of
Surrey
No.
Plot
No.
Name of rice
variety tried.
Kind of manure.
Quantity
of manor*
applied
per acre.
► Value of
manure.
Outturn per acre.
Value of
Tillage.
fcdrain.
Straw.
OUtUUIL
1
3
3
4
6
6
7
8
9
10
Karjat Series.
Lbe.
Rs. a. p.
Lbe.
Lee.
Be. a. p.
^
' 3
Haki-Patui
•{
Nitre
Do.
600
600
| 60
! 60
2/40
1,960
9,040 i 61 14 3
3400 j 60 1 4
:i
Do.
/ | Ohm Saltpetre
( ] Do. «.
193
21 16 6
1.620
2,400 | 38 13 4
183
j 21 16 6
2,200
3.390 ! 16 4
ansoli ...
21
3
2
Do.
Do „
-{
Sulphate of Potash -
Do.
Superphosphate
63
63
65
| 6 8
|680
'684
3,040
1,020
1.760
3,200
8,320
3.660
63 1 4
40 3 6
44 11 4
De.
66
• 684
1.760
3.040
46 1
,:)
Do.
( Safflowercake
728
24 4 3
1,840
2.600 | 46 9 f
"j 1 Do.
728
! 24 4 3
3,080
8.240
63 4
12)
Do.
£ No manure
I ; Do-
1
!
1
2.C40
3,160
53 2
...
: ■-
J600
2,630
40 12 11
Kola nib
1
1
/ I Chili Saltpetre
"( j Do.
192
21 16 6
2,120
3,120
66 11 4
Garra
103
.1 K> 5
3,240
3.8C0
70 14 6
"I
18J
Do.
/ Sulphate of Potato ...
62
5 8
2,C00
3,240
68 2 10
"M
Do.
62
6 8
2,240
3,680
TO IS 10
"1
20J
Do. .
••{
Superphosphate
Do.
66
•
6 8 4
6 8 4
1,920
2,320
8,000
8,?00
60 14 2
72 16 3
21 J
Do, ...<
SafBower cake
Do.
728
728
24 4 3
24 4 3
2,280
2,160
3,720
3,600
72 10
68 5 2
17
Do.
...
No manure .„
...
...
1,880
3,040
69 6 2*
22
Do.
...
Do.
•••
...
3,000
3,380
63 3 4*
Inchol ...
31-
Pot
No. 1.
23
24
Do,
Do!
Nitre
ChiU Saltpetre
600
102 j
60
21 15 5
1.P80
1.880
2,600
2,620
69 4
68 5 7
23
Do.
Sulphate of Potash ...
62
6 8
1,860
2,660
68 7 5
26
Do.
...
SaperphoBpbate ..
62
6 8 4
1,860
2,620
68 6 7
27
Do.
...
Ammonium Sulphate ..
144 !
13
2,200
2,680
68 12 3
28
Do.
...
Safflower rake
» :
24 4 3
...
...
—
20
Do.
...
Sulphate of Potash ...
62
6 8
2.260
2,760
68 3 7
30
Do.
...
Superphosphate
C5
5 8 4
M.
■ M
*..
31
Do.
...
SaflBower cake
728
24 4 3
2,800
2,760
71 li ||
<
32
33
Do.
Do.
}
No manure (in dupli-
cate).
...
•a.
/ 1.840
1 1.780
2 640
34B9
*7 13 5
5 16 7
68
Name of
Tillage.
. 1
Survey i
Clot
Name of rice
variety tried.
Quantity
Kindofnaamrc. oI a ^Jj2f
per acre.
Value of
manure.
Outturn per acre.
Valve of
No. ' no.
1
1
Grain.
Straw.
outturn.
1
t
8
4
6
6
7
8
9
10
Lbs.
Re. a. p.
Lbs.
Lbs.
Rs. a. p.
Kalya'n Series.
34
Dodka-Garva
..•
Nitre
5C0
60
2,080
3,000
55 5 1
86
Do.
...
Chili Saltpetre
192
21 15 5
1,920
2,600
50 12 6
96
Do.
~
Sulphate of Potash ...
62
6 8
1,760
2,320
46 7 1
37
To.
...
Superphosphate
65
5 8 4
2,0C0
2,400
62 6 2
38
Do.
...
Ammonium Sulphate ...
141
13
3,040
4,080
80 5 7
Maharal ...
42
39
Do.
...
Safflower cake
728
24 4 3
...
.»
...
Do.
...
Sulphate of Potaeh ...
63
5 8
3,600
6,160
95 11 1
...
Do,
...
Supei phosphate ..
63
5 8 4
~
...
40
Do.
...
Safflower cake ..
728
24 4 3
2,240
2,000
68 8 5
41
Do.
...
Poudrette
5,0C0 •
20
2,960
3,800
77 15 1
12
Do.
...
No manuro ...
...
...
2,080
2,480
54 7 3
43
Kolamba-Garra.
Nitro
500
50
1,760
2,920
47 7 1
44
Do
...
Chili Saltpetre
192
21 15 5
1,702
3,000
46 9 9
43
Do.
...
Sulphate of Potash ...
62
6 8
2,000
2,920
53 4
46
Do.
...
Suporphophate
65
5 8 4
1.9T0
3,040
51 8 2
47
Do.
...
AuimoDium Sulphate ...
141
13
1,C00
3,020
51 15 11
74-
43
f
I
Safflower cake
728
24 4 3
i
*m
Do. ..
Sulphate of Potash" ...
62
5 8
M,»20
J
3,280
51 14 8
...
Superphosphate
65
5 8 4
49
| Do,
...
Safflower cake
728
24 4 3
1,840
8,080
49 10 8
50
! Do,
...
Poudrette
5,000
20
1,400
2,320
37 11 9
61
Do.
...
No manure
...
...
1,800
2,840
48 4 5
52
Do.
...
Nitre
500
50
2,040
3,020
66 11 7
53
1 Do.
...
Chili Saltpetre
192
21 15 5
2,080
2,460
67 O
54
Do.-
Sulphate of Potash ...
62
5 8
1,740
2,120
66 4 4
55
Do.
...
Superphosphate
66
5 8 4
3,280
4,080
205 2 11
56
Do.
...
Ammonium Sulphate"...
144
13
2,880
4,000
93 9 G
Kambe ...
Alien-
ated.
57
r
Do. .J
i
Safflower cake
Sulphate of Potash ...
728
62
24 4 3
5 8
>3,000
3,780
97 5
...
1
Superphosphate
65
6 8 4
68
Do.
...
Safflower cake
728
24 4 3
3,660
5,080
38 8 1
59
Co.
...
Poudrette
5,000
20
2,680
3,420
86 9 3
60
Do.
...
No manure •••
...
...
2,800
3,200
89 15 10
69
Name of
Survey
No.
Plot
No.
Name of Hoc
variety tried.
Kind of manure.
Quantity
of manure
applied
per acre.
Value of
manure*
Outturn per acre.
Value of
village.
Grain.
Straw.
outturn.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
Lbs.
Be. a. p.
Lbs.
Lbs.
Rs. a, p.
l
Salsette Series.
'
61 i Kolamba-Garva,
Nitre
600
50
1,760
2,490
57 6 8
62 1 Do.
Chili Saltpetre
192
21 15 5
1,760
2,080
57 11
63 ' Do.
Sulphate of Potash
62
6 8
1,8(0
2.800
69 2 7
i
61 Do.
Ammonium Sulphate ...
144
13
3.(40
4.900 ICO 3 2
65 ; 1 o.
Superphosphate
65
5 8 4
2.C0J
2,760 (6 13
Kalve
82-
Pot
No. 2
00 1 (
... Do. .J
Same wer cake
Sulphate of Potash
728
62
24 4 3
5 8
U.100
3.440 j 71 10
I
Superphosphate
63
5 8 4
I
j
67
Do.
Safllowcr cako
728
24 4 3
2,000
3,000
65 7 8
68
Do.
Poudrctte
5,000
20
3,360
4,920
110 12 11
. 69
Do. ...
No manure
...
...
1,840
2,880
CO 7
' 70
Dodka
Nitre
600
50
1.080
2,400
54 12 10
71
Do.
Chili Saltpetre
192
21 15 5
1,680
2,600
65 2 2
72
Do.
Sulphate of Potash
62
5 8
1,760
2,760
57 13 2
7*
To.
Superphosphate
66
5 8 4
2,080
2,840
67 10 4
74
Do.
Ammonium Sulphate
144
13
2,960
4,840
97 3
Kalve
172.
Pot
75
SaflBower cako
728
24 4 3
}
No. 1
... I Do. .„J
Sulphate of Potash, ...
Superphosphate
62
65
6 8
5 8 4
f*.C80
3,440
68 10 4
70 ! Do.
Bamower cake
728
24 4 3
1,P60
3.0(0
64 4 4
77 Do.
Poudrette
6,000
20
3,200
4,680
104 9 6
, 78
Do.
No manure
...
~
1,920
2,880
62 13 9
79
Kolamta
Superphosphate
05
5 8 4
1,560
2,840
68 9 1
80
Do. m.
Ammonium Sulphate ...
144
13
1,800
3,040
66 12 1
81
f
Safflower cake
728
24 4 3
}
Kalve .».
103 -
Pot
No. 8
82
Do. ...«{
Do.
Sulphate of Potash ...
Superphosphate
Safilower cake
62
66
728
6 8
5 8 4
24 4 3
>1.760
1,760
3,040
3,080
66 6 1
65 7 3
83
Do.
Poudrette
6,000
20
ym
%m
70 11
^
84
Do.
No manuro
•••
1,600
3,720
59 £ 11
B 1096-10
70
16. Karjat Series. — The yield of the duplicate plots is nearly
equal to one another, while the outturn taken in general averages
from 1,700 to 2,300 lbs* of rice per acre.
17. Kalydn Series. — The complete manure plot gives the
highest outturn. The results of outturn are in favour of the
.poudrette and ammonium sulphato plots. In survey No. 74 the
poudrette manure plot shows very low yield. In the alienated
village the safflower cake and superphosphate plots show the best
results. The yield in other plots is fair.
18. Sdlsette Series. — The per acre results of rice in Survey
Nos. 82 and 172 are in favour of poudrette and ammonium sulphate
plots, while those of nitre, Chili saltpetre and sulphate of potash
are comparable. The outturn from the safflower cake plot is
moderate. The complete manure plot does not show any appreciable
increase in yield. The increased yield in the unmanured plot may
be due to the washing of manures from the adjoining plots.
When the value of manures is taken into consideration the super-
phosphate plot shows better results. The outturn in field No. 103
is proportionately low as compared with the above fields.
19. It is impossible to draw conclusions of any kind from
these experiments, the variations between duplicate plots being
often greater than between either of the plots and the " no-manure "
plot. The plots are too small (^acre usually) and the difference
in the water-supply probably produce a greater effect than
differences in the manure applied. The figures are given for what
they are worth.
Poona, \ F. FLETCHER,
September 1907. ) Acting Professor of Agriculture.
tOKBAYf FniflTID AT TOT GOVEBNVBMT CFNTRAl HUBS.
' ^ i. '-'ran I
IBejmrtment of &griculturt , / ttoiirtaj?.
ANNUAL REPORT^
ON THE
EXPERIMENTAL WORK
OF THE
SURAT AGRICULTURAL STATION
(Surat District, Gujardt)
FOR THE YEAH
1906-1907
BY
F. FLETCHElx, M.A., B.Sc, etc.,
Deputy Director of Agriculture.
BOMBAY
PRINTED AT THE GOVERNMENT CENTRAL PRESS
1907
[Price— 6a. or 7d.~\
OFFICIAL AGENTS FOR THE SALE OF INDIAN OFFICIAL
PUBLICATIONS.
In England.
E. A. Arnold, 41 & 48, Maddox Street, Bond Street, W., Loudon.
Constable ft Co* 10, Orange Street, Leicester Square, W. 0., London.
Qrindlay ft Co* 64, Parliament Street, S. W., London.
Henry S. King ft Co* 65, Cornhill, E. C., London.
P. S. King ft Son, 2 ft 4, Great Smith Street, Westminster, S.W.,
London.
Kegan Panl, Trench, Trubner & Co* 43, Gerrard Street, Soho, W.,
London.
B. Quaritch, 11, Grafton Street, New Bond Street, W„ London.
T. Fisher Unwin, 1, Adelpbi Terrace, Ixmdon, W. C.
W. Thacker & Co* 2, Creed Lane : London, E. C.
B. H. Blackwell, 50 & 51, Broad Street, Oxford.
Deighion Bell ft Co* Cambridge.
On the Continent,
Friedlander & Sohn, 11, Carlstrasse, Berlin.
Rudolf Haupt, IlaUe-a-S., Germany.
Ot£o Harrassowitz, Leipzig.
Karl W. Hiersemann, Leipzig.
Ernest Leroux, 28, Ru6 Bonaparte, Paris.
Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague.
In India.
Higginbotham ft Co., Madras.
V- Kalyanarama Iyer ft Co., Madras.
P. R. Rama Iyar ft Co , Madras.
Thacker, Spink ft Co* Calcutta.
W. Newman ft Co* Calcutta.
S. K. Lahiri & Co* Calcutta.
R. Cambray & Co* Calcutta.
Thacker & Co. (Ld.), Bombay.
A. J. Combridge ft Co* Bombay.
Curator, Government Central Book Depot, Bombay.
D. B. Taraporevala, Sons ft Co* Bombay,
Sunder Pandurang, Bookseller, etc., Bomhay.
Gopal Narayen ft Co* Booksellers, etc., Bombay.
N. B. Mathur, N. K. H. Press, Allahabad.
Department of &sr(culturt, Bombay
ANNUAL REPORT
ON THK
EXPERIMENTAL WORK
OF THE
SURAT AGRICULTURAL STATION
(Surat District, Gujarit)
FOR THK YEAR
1906-1907
BY
JF. PLETCHEB, M.A., B.Sc, etc.,
Jhpmty Virtetar 'if AgricnUmre.
• BOMBAY
PRINTED AT THE GOVERNMENT CENTRAL PRK8S
1907
Iiist of Vernacular names of crops mentioned in the Report together
with their Botanical and English equivalents.
Botanical.
English.
Vernacular.
Cereals.
•
Andropogon sorghum var. vulgarc ...
Do. var. cernuuni ...
Pcnnisetum typhoidcum
Triticiim eativam
Zca mayo
Oryza 3itiva
1 Great millet
1 Do.
1 Bulrush millet
I Wheat ...'
1 Maizo
! Uice
|
Jo war (Chapti, Perio,
Sholapuri).
Sundhta.
Bajri.
Ghau.
Makai.
Dan gar.
Pulses.
1
l
Ca janus iudicus
Phascolus radiatus
Vigna catiang
Cyaraopbis psoralioides
Pigeon pea
Hack gram.
Chinese bean ...
Field vetch ...'
Saidi beans
•
Tnver, Tur.
Udid t Adad.
Charli, Chela.
Unvar.
Oil-seeds.
Scsamum indicum
Arachis hypogea
ttcsamuui
Grcnndnct
Tal.
Bhoising.
Fibre Plants.
Gcssypinm herbaceum
i
Crotolaria juncca
Cotton
Bombay hemp
Dishi Kap£s (Broach, Gho-
ghdri, etc.}.
San.
Sugars.
Sdcliharum officinarum
fcru^arcane
Slurdi.
Grasses.
Medicago sativa
Panicuin jumentorum .. e
Lucerne
Guinea grass
Lasun Ghas.
Miscellaneous.
Zingiber officinal©
Ginger . i
Adu.
£990— «
THE SURAT AGRICULTURAL STATION,
1906 07.
Established— 1896 ; North Latitude— 21° 12' ; East Longitude
— 72° 52"; Eleoation— Approximately sea level; Soil— Black
cotton; Average rainfall— 38' 42" ; Temperature— Maximum 106*
in May, minimum 51° in February.
Area.— 84 acres arable and 150 acres pasture.
Superintendent. — Mr. BhimbUai Morarji Des&i.
Season.
I
r
-1
£
a
•
3
a
4
§>
o
-<
•I
!
!
6
i
§
55
! %
u
«•
SB'
f .
?
2
Rainfall -
, .j. „
' u
' ff
, „
/ *
(1906-07) ... .- ...
II
* M
10 10 51
7 89
1 61
10
,"
r\
' *
,"»
30 17
A wag© — ... —
07
05
7 65 17 83
77
6 6
118
17
5
6
12
1
33 43
Temp erat are (1PC6-07;—
Mean maximum
104°
98»
91°
87°
83°
92'
94°
93°
83°
89°
81°
91°
Mean minimum
70°
80°
89°
79°
70°
76*
71 a
65°
Gi*
«./•
C3 #
OS 9
2. In February a little abnormal rain fell \rliioh did neither
good nor barm. The monsoon burst favourably on the 9th June but
the season was on the whole unfavourable. With the exception of
a few days, there was rain almost every day till the end of the
month, General sowing was, therefore, delayed till the first week
of July. During this period, weeds grew unchecked and there
was no time left for preparing the fields before sowing.
Weeding and interculturing operations were very much in-
terrupted by continuous rains in July from the beginning of the
second week till the end of the month. A very short time was
therefore available for kharif sowings, which, together with the
fact that the heavy rains had encouraged a vigorous growth of
weeds, prevented many fields from being sown. Owing to too
much moisture the crops assumed a yellow appearance and many
of the germinating plants diffr, so that some fields had either to be
re-sown or the blanks in them filled up by dibbling seed.
Similarly in nearly the whole of August and the first half of
September there was more or less rain almost every day, thus
seriously interrupting weeding and .other agricultural operations
* 930-1
„'/«*«>
2
and favouring the growth of weeds. Thus this very long wet
weather made the plants moisture-sick, retarded the growth
badly and turned them yellow. The total rainfall was only
about fths of the average, but the number of rainy days was
perhaps unprecedented. The rains stopped abruptly in the middle
of September. Want of labour was then badly felt because all
agricultural operations including weeding, interculturing and
preparing land for winter sowing oame on simultaneously.
Owing to the absence of rain in the latter half of September
and early half of October both the kharif and rabi crops (espe-
cially cotton) suffered to a greater or less extent throughout the
district except in the eastern portion of the Mdndvi, B£rdoli and
JaUlpor Tdlukas. The rice crop was in most cases below
normal.
Manorial Experiments.
3. The experiments were laid out with a view to see whether
costly artificial manures such as nitre, sodium nitrate, ammonium
sulphate, etc«, could be profitably applied to such dry crops as
cotton, Jowdr, Tuver and Tal, &o. Owing to abnormal seasons
of the previous years no practical conclusions had hitherto been
possible.
This year, too, on account of want of one rain towards the
close of the monsoon, the cotton crop suffered from want of
moisture and failed to give a normal yield. But the crops of
Jowaff, Tal and Tuver gave a fairly normal yield.
The results were as follows ;-—
I
1
3
*3
I
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31
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I
Each of the 36 plots was $ acre in area.
Of the G cotton plots, the first three which were "better
established than the other three, gave superior returns. The
superphosphate + sodium nitrate gave the best results. Unlike in
the previous years of scant rainfall, the no-manure plots yielded
less than any of the manured plots (except the sodium nitrate
plot). The sodium nitrate plot has throughout not done so well
as the other manured plots, but the results might have been
changed to some extent with sufficient rain. A normal rainfall
would doubtless have enhanced the increase due to the artificials.
The results due to these manures are more marked in the
case of Jowar than cotton. With one more rain the yield would
have been still bettor. The application of sodium nitrate in
conjunction with superphosphate has increased the yield of grain
by about 25 per cent, and practically doubled the yield of Kadbi,
The Tuver crop was greatly damaged by hares and deer and
practically no grain was obtained and hence the results are omitted.
The experiments will be continued next year.
The increments due to each of the manures and the cost
thereof are given in the following statement.
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6
4. The experiments to test the effect of gypsum with farm-
yard manure and no manure on Jowar, cotton and Tal plus
Tuver were also continued in the year under report. The results
were as tabulated below : —
Yield per acre.
Manure applied per acre.
Cotton,
in reed.
Jowar.
Tal and Tuver mixed*
Tal.
Tuver.
Grain.
Kadbi.
Grain.
Stalks.
Grain.
Stalks.
Gypsum, 2,000 lbs.
Ho manure .-
Farm yard manure, 5 tone
Lbs.
•
381
851
261
Lbe. Lbs.
2 5a
1.030 1,597
256
1,063 1.529
25c
1.115 ! 1.795
1
Lb*.
190
173
139
Lbs.
2
437
2
472
2
434
Lbs.
7«
lb
2
7c
Lbs.
39
35
8S
* Average yield of plots 20 and i&
In the case of Jow4r, the farmyard manure plot has yielded
a little better than either the gypsum or no manure plot. Tho
plot gave similar results last year with cotton.
In the case of cotton and Tal plus Tuver, the gypsum plots
have yielded best, and the farmyard manure plots the worst
just in the same way as these plots did with Jowdr and Tuver last
year. The difference in yield might possibly be due to the
reasons given last year at the end of paragraph 4. The following
sketches show the plan of these experiments : —
Experiment* in 1905-06.
Experiments in 1906-07.
B r o
Plot 26
B
a c h C o t t
A
on. a
a
"
a
* Plot 2d
B
a
u v
BE
o r.
cS
K
Jowar
a Plot 27
a B
and Tuver
o
mixed.
c9
Tal
Plot 28
B
and Tuver
A
mixed.
O
Plot 25
B
o w a
A
i
-
s
~ B r °
U Plot 26
B
a c h C o t t
A
o n.
U
fS
K c
3 Tal
14
a Plot 27
a b
and Tuver
©
p.
A K
mixed.
fa
C
B r o
Plot 28
B
a c h C o t t
A
o n.
5. A plot of Jowar of 30 gunthas manured with superphos-
phate of lime at the rate of 400 lbs. per acre yielded only 771 lbs.
14 ozs, of grain, which oould not pay the extra oost of manure ;
the yield being only equal to the ordinary yield of a good
cultivator. This plot grew cotton last year and was manured
with the same manure.
6. Night-sail Experiments of previous years.— The plots, as
re-arranged last year, were sown with selected seed of Perio Jow£r
and Bazar Jowar in rotation with the cotton sown last year
without further application of manure.
The results are tabulated below :—
Bub-
Urision
of
Plot.
YieW por son.
•
Plot 33.
Plot 33.
Plot 31.
Manure applied.
X
Perio
Jowar
relooted
s?ed.
Y
Perio
Jowar
baz*r
seed.
X
Perio
Jowar
selected
seed.
Y
Perio
Jowar
bazir
seed.
X
Perio
Jowir
selected
seed.
T
Perio
Jowir
bsxir
seed.
Lba.
Lbs.
Lbs.
Lbs.
Lbs.
Lis,
Night-soil applied in beds in 1904,
b „t no manure since .„
hi
a. 987
C. 310
K. 5,010
1.232
236
3.608
1,237
318
6,261
1,5*5
339
3,416
1,153
292
3,131
1.256
301
2,513
No manure in 1901, bnt SO loads of farm
yard raannre applied in 1905*5 make
it even with other plots, no manure
since
}■{
Q. 768
C. 2fi9
K. 1,322
752
176
1,200
852
235
1,303
fi83
160
960
699
177
1,153
669
141
1.115
Farmyard mannre applied in 1904, but ) r f
no;ie since ... , ... i J
O. 1,006
O. 803
K. 1.8J7
934
208
1,60)
85 1
209
1,638
836
2J9
1.313
961
837
1.6J7
999
356
1.816
Night-soil applied in trenches ir ad 3 by ) (
T. W, plough in 1904, bat no manure } D {
since ... ... ,„ J (•
1
a. 1,302
C. 339
K. 4,377
1.2T7
807
3,903
1,144
307
3,885
1.533
330
3303
1,231
307
2,969
1,603
374
3,440
G. =- Grain ; G. « Chaff ; K. » Kadbl.
Note j— A, B, C, D represent sub-divisions of plots acoording to the manorial treatment, while X and Y represent
the sub-divisions of the plots according to the seed sown ; the latter sub-dirision is made at right angles ti the
former. -o — • «•
From the above statement it will be seen from the weight of
the Kadbi and chaff that the crops grown on the plots treated with
night-soil still continue to grow more vigorously and give much
better outturns except in the case of plot 32 where it is only
927 lbs. ; this is due to want of moisture.
That the results of Bazar seed are better than those of
farm selected seed is due to the impossibility of obtaining an even
stand of plants owing to the character of the season. The Baz4r
seed plots had to be reaown while blanks in the selected seed
8
plots could, owing to lack of surplus seed, only be filled in by
transplantation. It wa9 observed that transplanted plants in
the no-manure and farmyard manure plots did not fall behind
the original plants grown from seed, but this was not so in the
case of the night-soil plots where the originally sown plants
grew very vigorously and far outstripped those which were trans-
planted.
It is notioeable in some cases in plots treated with night-
soil, that the proportion of Eadbi to grain increases enormously.
This was mainly due to the deficiency of one rain at the end of
the season ; a very forcing manure promotes quick and vigorous
growth of the crop and requires therefore more moisture than
ordinary manure for its full benefit to be felt. Lastly, the effect
of a heavy application of night-soil and farmyard manure is
greater in the 8rd year after its application than in the first or 2nd
year as will be seen from the fact that the plots which received
these in 19U4 did better than those which got them in 1905.
From this and last year's results and those of one or two
favourable seasons to come, it will be possible, it is hoped, to
suggest a practicable and profitable method of applying fresh
night-soil to ordinary dry crops even though the application
involves fallowing for a season.
7. Another set of manurial experiments on cotton and
Jowdr with rotted cactus manure and farmyard manure gave
the following results : —
Yield per acre.
Manure applied per acre.
Cotton.
Jow&r.
Grain.
Kadbi.
Rotted cactus 5 tons
No manure
Farmyard manure 5 tons ...
Lbs.
IB
122
16
177
ir
169
Lbs.
C 16
1,760
B 16
1,480
B 17
3,640
Lbs.
B
3,512
A
3,278
A
3,580
jft>M— »The figures and letters in italics show the plots and their sub-divisions.
In the case of cotton, the no-manure plot has givfen hetter
results than either of the manured plots and the farmyard
manure plot yielded hetter than the rotted cactus manure plot.
But in the case of Jowar, tho results arc different ; rotted cactus
manure yielded the highest and farm yard manure gave better
results than the no manure plot.
This year the rainfall was not deficient for a Jowar crop
except in the case of the night-soil plot, but it was so for
ootton.
The rotted cactus manure was made from fresh oaptiis out
and buried in a pit for a full year. The total cost of labour for
making a ton of rotted manure came to Rs. 2-2-0, i. e. % very nearly
the same price as that of farm yard manure near, a big town or
where cultivators know the value of manure woll and pay a gcod
price. But in country districts where farm yard manure can be
had cheaply, say about Be. 1 a ton, the cactus manure will be
dearer.
The plots under these manures will be continued this year
to see the after effects of the manures without adding any fresh
supplies.
8. Another manorial experiment on a crop of cotton with
ammonium sulphate versus no manure gave the
results : —
following
Area.
Per ficro.
No. of
plot.
Crop.
Manure.
Yield of
coUol J**"-
1
Remarks.
3C
31
1 Broach cotton
1 Do. _
i
Ammonium sulphate
100 lbs.
No manure
Lbs.
202
187
Lbs.
770
•50
On account of want of rain
the result is not conclusive.
9. Plots 38a and 38ft which grew Broach Deshi cotton
and Perio Jowdr respectively were manured with ammonium
sulphate for comparison with other plots getting artificial manures,
but the yield of cotton was only 164 lbs. even less than in other
artificial manure plots and the yield of Jow£r is 1,313 lbs. of grain
and 3,682 lbs. of Kadbi which is nearly equal to other artificial
manure plots.
Rotation and manorial experiments.
10. As noted in last year's report the old cropping scheme
of the permanent series of experiments (in old Panas area) was
abandoned. Series I was sown throughout with Jowar, while
Series II was sown throughout with cotton except the first four
plots, half of each of which was treated differently and the yield
3 990-2
10
of these plots was therefore calculated on half their area. Simi-
larly in the year under report Series I was cropped throughout
with cotton and Series II with Jowar except in the case of plots
1, 2, 11, 14, 24 and 25, the northern halves of which were treated
differently ; and hence the results of these plots are calculated
from the yield obtained on their southern halves.
No manure was given to any of the plots. The plots were
all even and uniform in growth.
Cotton suffered from want of moisture on account of scant
rain. It also suffered from * Dahido,' a mite (Phy toptus).
The results are tabulatod below but the review is published
separately : —
Series I (Cotton).
terial
1
i
Yield per acre.
Ko. of
Crops of the !
rotation. |
Utter of
r* tfjki inn
plot.
1
treatment.
ri/vni tun*
i
i
Seed-cotton.
Lbs. i
euiks. ;
1
Lbs.
M 1
b {
1
2
3
4
Jow&r ...
Cotton
JowdrandTuvei
Cotton
2S4
313
314
318
976
1,152
1,060
980
I 5 tons of farm yard
> manure to each
I plot every 2 years.
c
5
JowtCr
801
1,084
■<
° i
6
Tnver
320
860
i
7
Cotton ...
363
1,072
■{
8
Jowdr
296
962
9
Fallow
326
900
10
Cotton ...
334
960
f
11
Jowrfr
628
2,704
5 tons of farm yard
E ]
12
Fallow
Fal
low.
>■ manure to each
I
13
Cotton
490
1,356
plot every 8 years.
„ f
14
JowAr
1 533
2,648
1 1
15
Fallow
Fal
low.
(
16
Cotton
457
1,392
(
i 17
Jowdr
255
880
G 1
i 18
Fallow
226
! 800
I
i 19
Cotton
278
i 860
(
i 20
Jowir
254
836
'500 lbs. of castor
H 1
1
)
- cake to each plot
j every 2 years.
I
21
Cotton
247
736
(
22
JowAr
272
960
\ 5 tons of poudrelte
/• to each plot every
j 2 years.
I ]
c
23
Cotton
252
1,028
' {
24
25
Jow£r
Cotton
252
437
1
680
976
v No manure.
11
Series II (Jowar).
Serial
No. of
plot.
Crop of the
rotation.
Yield per acre.
Previous manorial j
letter of
rotation.
Grain.
Kadbi and
chaff.
treatment.
1
2
3
4
Jowar
Cotton
Jowar and
Tuver.
Cotton
Lbs.
1,112
1,190
1,371
1,487
Lbs.
2,239
2,208
8,259
3,383
1 5 tons of farm yard
y manure to each
| plot every 2 years.
J
c -j
D ■]
5
6
7
8
9
10
Jow&r
Tuver
Cotton ...
Jowar
Fallow
Cotton
1,244
1,432
1,496
1,332
1,316
1,532
3,540
2,872
3,876
3,520
2,876
4,428
V
1 5 tons of farm yard
> manure to each
j plot every 3 years.
E •!
11
12
13
Jow£r
Fallow
Cotton
1,764
Fal
1,754
4,453
low. •
4,400
•s
P 1
14
15
16
Jowar
Fallow
Cotton
1,826
Fal
1,799
4,245
low.
4,403
5 tons of form yard
> manure to each
plot every 3 years.
G ■!
17
18
19
Jowdr
Fallow
Cotton
1,394
1,250
1,659
3,442
2,877
3,992
H j
20
21
Jowar
Cotton
1,304
1,324
2,948
3,192
} 500 lbs, of castor
> cake to each plot
3 every 2 years.
I -j
22
23
Jowar ...
Cotton
1,710
1,745
8,793
3,770
^ 5 tons of poadrette
> to each plot every
) 2 years.
' {
24
25
Jow^r ,..
Cotton
[ •
962
1,171
1,908
2,598
\ No manure.
11. A new manurial experimental series with its duplicate
was laid out in the, newly acquired area of Bhath&r in order to avoid
the end error as already pointed out in the report for 1904-03 and
further confirmed last year by taking the yields of each row or a
12
set of rows of each plot separately. The plots were made broader
and shorter than the old series. Even this precaution was found
insufficient and the whole series has this year been recast, each
plot being protected from external influence by a protective ring
plot 6' wide surrounding it. As the area was altogether a new
one acquired only just before the rains, no manures were applied
and no other treatment was given to the plots, but as was
expected the yields differ in several cases owing probably to the
previous cropping and treatment of the owners. The results are
given below as showing what a good cultivator would have got
from this land in its present condition and as indicating also the
large differences in yield of various crops within a small area
and the consequent difficulty that must always be met with in
attempting to ascertain the average state of a crop in a district,
in a tdluka or even in a village.
Serial No*
of
rotation.
No. of
plot.
I
1
11
2
HI
3
IV
4
v {
5
6
v,j
7
8
Vllf
10
vmf
11
12
H {
13
14
f
15
x {
,.{
Crop.
Cotton
Jo war
Tuver
Tal
Cotton
Jowar
Cotton
Jowar
Cotton
Jowar
Cotton
Tuver
Cotton
Tal
Cotton
Jowar
Tuver
Kcw Scries I.
Yield per acre.
Grain.
Lbs.
279
86 )
464
Did not
186
... 1,565
SUlka and
cbaff.
151
1,520
175
1,418
116
260
183
227
108
800
65
Lbs.
910
2,950
1,414
germinate.
1,040
S.860
620
3,470
585
3,396
595
1,083
770
460
670
2,040
304
New Tories II.
Yield per acre.
Grain.
Lbs.
93
970
273
107
155
1,070
134
1,130
152
1,080
208
366
264
191
197
760
27
Stalks and
chaff.
Lbs.
790
2,400
1,300
280
840
2,380
650
2,520
1,090
2,510
870
1,090
980
495
8!0
1,810
131
13
-
Ne.of
2few Series I.
New Series II.
Serial No*
Yield per acre.
Yield per sere.
of
plot.
Crop.
rotation.
Grain.
BUtkiaad
chaff.
Grain.
Stalks Md
chaff.
Lbs.
Lbs.
Lbs.
Lbs.
XI {
17
Jowar ...
977
2,738
810
2,240
18
Tuver
288
1,166
210
780
f
19
Jowar ...
1,117
2,921
740
2,260
XII 1
20
Tal
205
416
182
897
I
22
Jowar
903
2,471
860
2,290
XIII {
Taver
Tal
27
214
86
4,355
3
219
41
480
XIV {
23
Tovcr
369
1,392
261
920
24
Tal
175
369
235
580
r
25
Cotton
3i4
960
278
800
26
Fallow
Fall
ow.
Fall
ow.
XV-
27
Cotton
275
980
248
960
28
Do.
160
1,020
160
770
k.
29
Do.
182
830
206
690
r
SO
Jowar ...
1,227
2.948
1,480
3,710
81
Fallow
Fall
ow.
Fall
ow.
XVI-
32
Jowar
1,123
2,947
1,350
3,150
33
Do.
820
2,200
1,330
2,580
k.
34
Do.
726
2,183
1,330
3,220
f
35
Tuver
435
1,381
874
1,400
36
Fallow
Fall
OW.
Fall
ow.
XVII<
37
Taver
333
1,266
261
1,240
38
, Do.
216
1,036
112
1,070
k
39
Do.
275
1,293
192
1,100
r
40
Tal
261
512
149
507
41
Fallow
Fall
ow.
Fall
ow.
XVIII-
12
Tal
240
542
271
677
43
Do.
234
501
271
612
<
44
Do.
212
468
223
535
XIX {
45
Cotton
238
700
169
760
46
Jowar ...
1,030
3,310
1,260
3,220
XX {
47
Cotton
112
770
103
960
48
Jowar
1,050
3,100
1,160
3,160
14
'
Crop.
New S<
Yield l>
;rie« I.
Kew Series II.
8*WK* ' No. of
craerc.
Yield per acre.
i
Grain.
Stalks Mid
ch»0.
Grain.
b'talks and
chaff.
.
Lbs.
Lbs.
Lbs.
Lbs.
(', 49
Cotton
JIO
980
114
740
XXl| 50 {
JowAr
1,200
2,830
1,320
3,240
Turer
24
129
2
27
xxii { j»
Cotton ...
133
780
#••
•••
Jowdr
1,800
3,100
...
XXIII {; H
Cotton • • •
111
760
...
• ••
Jow&r ...
1,180
2,810
...
••<
VV1 « r 1 00
Cotton
110
700
• • *
...
xxiv {] 66
JowAr ...
1,210
2,880
...
...
12. An attempt was made to demonstrate the toxic effect of
Jow£r roots when used as manure by manuring with this material
small areas (about a yard square) lying in a plot otherwise treated
naturally. Both ootton and Jow£r failed on the spots containing
Jowdr roots. It is probable that the almost universal practice
of collecting and burning Jow£r stubble in the fields constitutes
an attempt to obviate this toxic effect. The whole question
forms the subject of a separate publication.
Cultural experiments.
13. The plots under deep and shallow cultivation of last
year were continued this year, with the change that the plots
under Jow&r last year were sown with cotton in the year under
report and those under cotton were sown with Jowar.
The results were as under :—
Yield per acre*
Cultivation*
Seed cotton.
Jowar.
Grain.
Eadbi.
Deep cultivation #•• •••
Shallow cultivation •••
Lb?.
307
411
Lbs.
910
882
Lbs.
2,460
2,340
15
In the case of cotton the deeply cultivated part apparently
absorbed more moisture than was required for a young cotton
crop when grown according to local custom and hence most of
the plants died on account of too much moisture and this part
had to be resown, while the crop on the shallow cultivated
area survived. Hence the difference in yield*
In the case of Jow&r the results are better in the deep
cultivated plot than those in the shallow cultivated plot, as Jowar
plants can withstand more moisture than cotton plants.
Possibly by sowing the cotton at a longer interval after rain
a good stand might be obtained ; in this way only can a real test
be made.
14. A set of plots under cotton and Jowar was set aside to
ascertain the most suitable distance at which they should be sown.
The results were as under : —
Jowar.
Yield per acre.
l
l
i
DUtanco
between rows.
Cotton.
No. of
riot.
No. of
riot.
Yield of
Grain.
Kadti.
Beed cotton
per aero.
21 A
Lbs.
1,983
LbB.
4,212
i&*
21 B
Lbs.
314
22, A
2,038
4,274
22"
22 B
337
23 A
1,929
3,470
28*
23 B
415
21 A
2,172
3,700
82*
24 B
392
24 C
2,027
3,688
86*
24 D
493
The plots were under a green manurial series last year but
owing to unfavourable conditions the land was practically fallow
except plot 23A which produced a middling crop of Udia which
however was not ploughed in. Spacing has had little effect on
Jowdr, but the quality of Kadbi in the wide spaced plots is poor,
being thick stemmed/ In the case of cotton the wider the spacing
the greater the yield under the conditions of the experiment.
15. Groundnut under irrigation treated differently gave
the following results :—
16
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21
A study of the above statement shows that —
(1) The heaviest yielding varieties remain the same, viz.,
Virginia, Japanese big and Pondicherry, but in the reverse order.
(2) The average yield of all the varieties is less than that
of the previous year as the varieties were sown about a month
later. On account of the continuous rainy season it was not
possible to prepare beds for sowing ; but the average yield of the
heaviest yielding varieties can be safely taken at between
3,500 lbs. and 4,000 lbs. per acre under favourable conditions.
(3) The charges of harvesting the varieties have been com-
paratively less than those of the last year partly due to the
difference in yield and mostly due to the fact that they were
harvested soon after irrigation water was applied, i. e., when the
soil was sufficiently moist Cultivators generally follow this
system to minimize the expenditure and sell off their produce
soon after it is lifted in order to secure more weight. But this
practice will not suit on a farm where fully matured and dried
seed has to be collected. This year's experience shows that the
produce thus harvested takes several days to dry the nuts on a
threshing yard.
The " lifting " charges have been less for local than for
Virginia as the crop .was not fully established.
(4) It will be seen from the statement that many of the
foreign varieties are commercially superior to the local in havin<*
a higher percentage of seed to husk and also to a higher pe£
centage of oil in them. In the current year the percentage of
oil has remained almost the same in many of the varieties, except
the Spanish peanut, where it has fallen by about 3 per cent., and
in the Japanese big and local by about 1 per cent, each due
mostly to the quality of the produce^
(5) Some of the foreign varieties, viz., Spanish peanut,
Japanese small and big, ripen much earlier than the local, $ 9 &, in
about 5 to 7 weeks; other varieties, too, ripen 2 to 3 weeks earlier
than the local.
On account of the early ripening qualities of the first three
they can be grown as a kharif crop without any irrigation, makin*
them most suitable for cultivators who cannot afford to irrigate
or who have no wells. Two varieties, Spanish peanut °and
Japanese small, were tried as kharif crops, and though sown
about 3 weeks later than they should have been, have yielded a
fairly good outturn which can equal the good profits which can
be realized from either Jowar or cotton. One more. trial will be
22
made with these and Japanese big, also with the newly introduced
most promising varieties, Senegal and Mozambique.
(6) Of the newly introduced varieties, Mozambique and
Senegal seem to do best. Each of them is found to bear more
than 175 nuts to a single plant, t. e., nearly three times more
than any of the old or newly introduced varieties.
(7) Application of lime seems to do more good in the Athva
area than in the Pands area.
(8) As will be seen :from the statement, the application of
lime for checking Tikka disease has not given satisfactory results
and a further trial seems necessary.
16. The following table compares the percentage of oil as-
certained by Dr. Leather last year with that ascertained by
Mr. Meggitt, Agricultural Chemist, Bombay, this year :—
Name of variety.
Percentage of oil
in 1905-06.
i
, Percentage of oil
in 1906-07.
Virginia
4721
47-21
Pondicherry
Japanese big •••
•
48-31
4830
* •••
47-68
48*21
Japanese small ...
» • • •
50-40
50-48
Spanish peanut ...
• ...
51-43
47-31
Surat Local
••*
47-43
46-64
Egyptian
• • »
46-43
Mauritius
...
4643
Mozambique •••
...
48-32
Senegal
...
4
45-36
17. Groundnut under irrigation treated with slaked lime
to see if Tikka disease eould be .checked by it and also to see if
the disease could be carried by the infected soil gave the following
results : —
No. of
Plot.
Area.
Name of crop*
Treatment.
rieldof
Nuts per
acre*
15A,
16A 8
Qunthas.
0-7
0-7
0-6
Japanese small
Do.
Do.
Soil Inoculated with Pcona in-
fected soil.
Ordinary • ...
Soil inoculated with Poona in-
fected soil and manured
with 2\ tons of lime per acre.
lbs.
1,217
1,497
1,280
23
Originally plots 15Ai and ISA* were intended to be sown with
diseased seed from Poona, but as the seed was not reoeived these
plots were all sown with Surat seed and the soil inoculated with
Poona soil whioh had grown diseased groundnut for several years.
The sowing was delayed for some time in the hope of getting
diseased seed torn Poona and hence the very low yield.
Plots A! and A 3 were affected more than plot A 2 and hence
the yield is less in both of them. From the above it can he said
that lime does not seem to have any effect on the disease.
Similarly plot 20B was divided into three sub-plots and
20B a and 20 H s were to be sown with Poona diseased seed but not
inoculated with Poona soil. But as seed was not received the
area was sown with Spanish peanut, and small and big Japanese
very late in the season for the purpose of obtaining seed and hence
the outturn was very poor as tabulated below : —
No. of
Plot.
Area.
Name of crop.
20 B.
SOB,
201i,
Gunthas.
0-6
0-7
0-7
Japanese large
Spanish peanut
Japanese small
Yield of Kub
per acre,
775
682
18. Unirrigated Groundnut — The two early ripening erect
varieties were tried as kharif crop which gave the following
results : —
No. of
Hot.
35\
35B
Area.
A. g
20
20
Variety.
! Yield of
| Nuts per
acre.
Japanese small
Spanish peanut
Lbs.
522
590
Value of
produce.
Rs. a. p.
32 10
36 14
Cost of
prcduction.
Bt.
a. p.
24 6
22 10
Charges for
lifting,
Rs, :l p.
9 8 G
8 2
N.B* — Date of sowing, 4th July 1906 ; of harvesting, 8th November 1906,
A cultivator would have harvested it 10 or 15 days earlier,
but for seed purposes fully ripe fruits are necessary.
The above varieties, though sown about three weeks later
than they should have been, have yielded a fairly good outturn and
if sown' earlier appear likely to prove a profitable dry-crop.
Further trial will be made with these and the large Japanese, also
with the newly introduced varieties, Mozambique and Senegal
24
Experiments with new crops.
^ 19. Eight new varieties of groundnut, eiz., Java, East
Africa, Egyptian, Brazil, Barbados, Mauritius, Mozambique and
Senegal, received from different parts, were tried during the year
under report. Most of them naturally did not germinate well.
But by observing the growth of the surviving plants and count-
ing the number of nuts borne by each of the varieties, Mozam-
bique and Senegal seem to be the most promising. They will all
be tried during the current year under irrigation. The two best
will also be tried as kharif crops.
20. The following 17 varieties of Tuver from different parts
were also tried at the Station : —
(1) Bilaspur No. 1.
(2) Do. No. 2. *
(3) Bo. No. 8.
(4) Sambalpur No. 4.
(5) Do. No. 5.
(6) Do. No. 8.
(7) Bo. No. 9.
(8) Do. No. 10.
(9) Bangalore.
(10) Variegated.
(11) Bellari No. 35.
(12) Do. No. 40.
(13) Do. No. 43.
(14} Arhar.
(16) Nadiad red.
(16) Do. white.
(17) Khdndesh early.
Of these, the following having done well are to be tried this
season for cross-breeding : —
(1) Bilaspur No. 1.
(2) Sambalpur.
(3) Bangalore.
(4) Nadiad.
(5) Khandesh.
(6) Local.
Of the above, Khandesh Tuver (early) was tried on a fairly
large scale to see if it could be introduced in the district for
mixture with Jow&r and B£jri in order to minimize the trouble
of the cultivator of watching the late'Tuver long after the main crop
25
*is harvested. It would also give the oultivator a sufficiently
long time for preparing his fields owing to its being cut early.
But the Tuver is inferior, being small grained and red in colour and
there is no sale for it ~ in the market. It yielded 442 lbs. per
acre. It also took a longer time to ripen than is the case in
Khdndesh.
21. Nine varieties of Tai received from Poona were tried
on the Station ; some were eaten . up after germination, while
others failed to germinate, and there was no moisture left in the
soil for re-sowing.
An indigenous variety of Tal known as Tali, which is grown
generally as a kharif crop on light soils, was tried to see if it would
pay and whether the area sown by it could be ploughed after
harvest with an English plough as the crop matures in Septem-
ber. But the yield was very poor, 53 lbs. per acre, as the
germination was defective owing to excessive moisture.
22. Saidi beans from seed received last year were also tried
again, but as the seed was old they failed to germinate.
23. Ohavli was also tried on the Station in the year under
report. The seed was treated before sowing with inoculating
material received from America.. The germination and growth in
the beginning were very good. But just before the flowering period
the crop was badly attacked by a stem-borer and never recovered,
yielding only 85 lbs. of grain per acre*
24. Four varieties of maize received from Poona were
tried at the Station. Their growth and yield were not promising.
25. Ratoon rice received from the Director of Bengal
entirely failed to germinate at all.
26. Four varieties of lucerne seed, t?te.—
Name. Locality.
(1) Turkestan alfalfa Imported,
(2) do. do. Montana,
(8) do. do. Texas,
(4) do. do. Etah,
were received, and though sown thrice were every time eaten up by
insects when the seeds were germinating or soon after germination.
27. Two hundred and seventy-nine varieties of Jowar were
grown on the 'Station for determining their botanical characters.
They grew very well. As the work of classifying is now over,
only four varieties, viz., Lalu, Lalio, Egyptian white and red, have
been selected for sowing next season for cross-breeding and all the
rest are to be discontinued,
b 990—$
26
Breeding Experiments.
28. Breeding of ootton was continued on the lines previously
followed.
29. Preliminary experiments in breeding on Jowar were also
made this year, but as the work was commenced late it was con-
fined to an investigation of the process of pollination as it occurs
naturally in the field.
Pests.
30. During the year under report all the cotton crop on the
Station as well as in the district was attacked by a disease locally
known as " Dabido " — a mite.
Another disease which made its appearance on the Station
was the stem-borer in Ohavli.
Young seedlings of Tal were in some oases attacked and
eaten up by a kind of caterpillar.
Boll- worm« the common disease, was also present to a greater
or less extent.
There were casual attacks on young Jowar plants by beetles
and on the little advanced plants by sugar-borer.
Irrigation Experiments,
31. These experiments, started last year, with Broach
Deshi cotton and lucerne were carried during the year under
report with slight modifications, mz. % (1) last season half the area
under Broach cotton was watered twice after the rains ceased,
while the other half received no artificial watering. In the season
under report the area was divided into 3 parts. One of these
received 3 waterings, the second two waterings and the third no
watering after the cessation of the rains. (2) In the case of lucerne
the interval of 20 days between waterings was changed to
30 days.
32. The results of cotton are given below : —
No.
of Plot
Area.
DftUof
•owing.
Pates of watering.
1st,
2nd.
3rd.
Yield per
acre of
seed
cotton.
Remarks.
MB
20 A (1)
20A(2)
A.ff.
020
10
010
20th Jnne
1906.
Do.
Do.
Lbs.
None
None
None «•<
329
^1 The plots were in
full flower at the
1 time of the 2nd
6th Novem-
25th Novem-
••••••
339
y watering ; the 3rd
ber 1908.
ber 1906.
watering was sriven
when the fruits
8rd Novem-
22nd Nov*
10th Decem-
Oil
J
were forming.
ber 1906.
ember
1903,
ber 1906.
27
It will be seen that the yield in the unirrigated plot is nearly
the same as in the twice irrigated plot, a result quite contrary to
that of last year when under a rainfall of only 20* the
twice irrigated plot yielded 3£ times as much as the unirrigated
one. The watering appears to have heen most effective when the
bolls are forming.
The plots were very even in germination and the difference
in yield is only due to irrigation water applied.
33, The results with lucerne are shown helow :—
61 !-;>r.
Area. .
i
Crtigh
' Interval
Date of sowing. ] between
' waterings.
Yield
per acre.
Value of
prodnee
per acre.
Be marks.
ifct
Lth'cnio
p». 18th October 15darg ...
| 1905. ;
Lbs.
3i\fl63
1
Rs. a. p,
333 6 7
Seed inoculated and
sown on ridges.
t$
u t$
D..
To. ...j Do.
i
22,056 !
1
275 11 2
Seed uninoculated and
•0*1 on rltigc**
Jif 1
o 7i
Do.
- October 1901 ... Do.
24,389
301 13 9
Com] are with 11' 2.
H.-3
o *2 !
l>a
Do. ...30 days ...
18,289
228 9 9
Com i*i re with He 1.
m
o n |
Dj.
-. L8th October' 15 days ...
1 1903.
28,154 .
352 9
DnpUcmW fAUa.
JH
o 77c,
Do,
Do. ...' Do.
25.148 ,
i
289 5 7
Duplicate onU.
Uf
|
1
D*
L6th October; Do.
1906.
19,289
1
241 1 9
Seed iuociibTnl au4
«wn in bed*.
It will be seen from the above that though the seed inocu-
lated last year failed to give the highest results that year, still it
has given the highest results this year.
It will also be seen that plots receiving irrigation every 15
days have yielded much better than the plot receiving irrigation
water every 30 days, and that the lucerne sown on ridges does far
better than that sown in beds. It is also less liable to disease
than that sown in beds. Established lucerne appears to give
much better results in the 2nd year than in the year of sowing.
34. The following statement shows the outturn of Guinea-
grass and fodder Jow&r (both irrigated). Guinea-grass has been
grown from 1898-99 and fodder Jowdr has been added for compa-
rison onl£ since 1905-06.
28
Tear.
Yield per acre.
t
Value of
Guinea-grass.
Cost of
production
of Guinea-
grass.
Value of
fodderJowar.
Co,t of
production
Guinea-
Grass.
Fodder
Jowar.
of fodder
Jow4r.
Lbs.
Lbs.
Rs. a. p.
Rs. a. p.
Rs. a. p.
Ks. a. p.
1698 90
28,680
•••
190 8
172 6
•••••«
1899-1900
29,546
...
196 16 6
116 7
1900-01
42,594
•••
. 212 15 6
169 11 2
•« ...
3902-03
29,341
...
| 146 11 3
175 1 4
1908-04
; 25,835
...
172 3 9
175 13
1904-06
13,972
•••
93 2 4
166 15 9
i
1906-06
18,618
19,2-10
124 1 4
193 9 9
128 4 6
68 15 7
1906-07
13,484
8,126
j 89 14
113 7
54 4
• 41 4 9
The Guinea-grass plot was specially planted in the Athva area
near the buildings to remove the excess of water from the manure
pit and so long as it was kept there and received liquid manure
from the manure pit the yield was good. But when the planta-
tion was removed elsewhere to compare its yield with a plot of
fodder Jowar the Guinea-grass proved inferior to the latter.
It will be seen from the statement that depriving Guinea-
grass of liquid manure has reduced the yield to less than half.
Of the total yield, nearly two-thirds is produced in the monsoon
season when there is no necessity for this grass. The raising of
a Jowar crop is apparently much more profitable to a cultivator
than growing Guinea-grass, It is also not advisable for a cultivator
to cultivate Guinea-grass which does not give him green fodder in
fair weather when he requires it.
The yield of Jowar in the year under report was less because
it was grown on the same plot as that of 1905-06. No manure
was given either to Jowar or Guinea-grass.
The experiment is considered to be conclusive and is dis-
continued,
Measurements of irrigation water applied to crops.
35. These experiments as planned out last year with the
objects stated in paragraph 18 of the last year's report were
2d
continued daring the ourrent year. The results may be sum-
marised as under :—
(1) That orops like luoerne, groundnut, &o„ grown on the
black soil of Surat either in beds or on ridges require irrigation
water equal to between 4 to 5 inches of rainfall after a month
or a month and a half from the time the rains stop, and that sub-
sequent waterings are required at intervals of 15 days equal to 2
to 3 inches of rainfall. But should irrigation be given only once
a month instead of every 15 days then an application equal to
3" to 4" of rainfall should be given. As the season advances and
the temperature goes up a heavier application will be found
necessary so that in the hot weather an increase equal to 1" of
rainfall over the ordinary cold weather amount should be
given.
In the case of drilled Deshi cotton two to three months after
the rains cease, when the soil has not cracked so badly as it does
later on in the hot season, irrigation water for the first watering
equals 5^ to 6£ inches of rainfall and the subsequent waterings
at intervals of twenty days require water equal 3 to 3J inches
of rainfall
Trials with new implements.
36. Two iron hand-gins and three iron 'mots' (buckets
for raising water) were tried on the Station during the year under
report with the following results :—
The iron hand-gins were received from the Inspector-General
of Agriculture in India. They are on the principle of McCarthy
gins, but have no moveable knives and the roller is studded with
small pins. Every effort was made to get them to work, but the
cotton always stuck to the roller and was gradually chopped into
fine particles.
Of the two iron c mots/ one was [received from Ndsik and
another from Belgaum.
The first worked like the Sundhia leather ' kos ' with the
only defect that it took a very long time to fill. This makes it
useless. The price is Es. 9.
The second from Belgaum weighs 50 lbs., i.e., double the
weight of an ordinary c kos/ It is circular in shape and though
it works well if cautiously used, it has some drawbacks, viz.,
So
(1) that when the bullooks go a little further than the stopping
point, the whple adjustment of the frame with the lower pulley
is upset ; (2) that the price of this c kos ' is Bs. 15, i.e., the
sam9 as oi the leather one. Unless it shows more durability
than the leather ' kos 9 it is not profitable .
Manorial Experiments made off the Station on
cultivators' fields.
37. Experiments on the effect of nitrate of soda, crude
nitre and ammonium sulphate on rice were performed on culti-
vators' fields in the villages of At and Amalsad, taluka Jalalpor,
and on rice in the village of Shiker, taluka Bardoli.
The results of rice experiments are tabulated below :—
o
Survey
No.
l
Area.
Manure applied. |
Manure
Yield per plot.
Yield p*
■r acre.
H
per
Keuiarks.
Kftnio of mature.
Quantity
applied.
acre.
Rice.
Straw.
Rice.
Straw.
if
59
A*.
31
Ammonium Bui'
phate.
Lbfl.
150
Lbs.
200
Lbe.
2,720
Lbs.
4,946
Lbs.
3,200
Lbs.
5,708
I
•*•
096
Nitre
160
200
8,000
8,220
3,333}
5,800
•M
32
No manure ...
...
».
2,230
4,320
2,787J
5,400
(
450
9
NKre —• •••
80
200
460
502
2,044*
2,231 1
4(9
6
No manure .«•
...
...
200
262
1,333$
1,746|
1
483
20
Sodium nitrate ...
100
200
1,000
1,096
2,000
2,180
I
38 to 41
A 54 to
57
02S
Nitre
160
200
1,040
1,140
1,600
1,754
h
433
SO
No manure
...
...
700
862
1,400
1,724
r
9
oie
10
Nitre
No manure
100
200
1,000
680
960
525
2,500
2.720
2,400
2,100
This crop at At was
attacked by the
"rice hispa" and
hence though, tho
i<
197
9
32
Sodium nitrate ...
Ammonium ; mil-
60
175
200
200
620
960
616
1,155
2,756*
1,200
2,733J
1,4431
growth was good
the results are
unreliable.
...
• 18
phate.
Nitre
100
200
760
750
1,900
1,875
191
20
Sodium nitrate ...
150
230 1,160
975
2,320
1,950
. 177
12
No manure ...
...
... 1 400
325
1,333}
1,083^
The owner of the field at Shiker was much impressed on
seeing the results of the manure, especially as the manured
fields were in muoh poorer condition than the no-manure plot.
He has asked for either a repetition of the experiment or a supply
of manure for which he is prepared to pay. The extra yield from
31
the manured plots only pays for the extra expenditure incurred on
the manure. Had oonditions been equal the value of the extra
yield would have exceeded the cost of the manure.
At Amalsad the rioe crop seems to be a 12-anna one due
to want of water.
33. Similar experiments with the same manures were made
at the villages of Amalsad and Kaohholi, tdluka JaWlpor, on
sugarcane. The results are tabulated below : —
32
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3 990—5
34
'The term " no-manure plot " in the above statement is used
only in contrast with the plots artificially manured. Otherwise
the unmanured and manured plots have had an even treatment
given by their owners which is given below against each survey
number referred to in the above statement : —
Survey
No.
474
476
467
528
485
488
496
277
407
408
290
406
269
287
AmaUad.
Artificial tmtttenfc given.
(a) Ammonium sulphate
(J) No manure
(c) Ammonium tulphate
(d) v o manure
(a) Sodium nit ate
ib) No manure
a) Sodium nitrate
(>) No manure
(?) Sodium nitrate
(b) No manure
(*) Nitre
(6) No manure
(a) Nitre
(b) No manure
(a) Nitre
(6) No manure
Treatment by the eoltiYaioi.
... )
...^ Manured with farm ya*d manure at
the rate of 35 cart-loals per acre.
' Cane grown after ginger without any
manure.
Green manured with San.
• . . ) Too-dressed with silt from surrounding
... ) drains,
... i Cane grown after ginger ; no manure
•••/ given to cane.
#,, | Same as above.
... t Manured with farm yard manure at
... j the rate of 35 cart-loads per acre.
*** \ No manure was given to the crop.
Kachholu
(«) Sodium nitrate
(b) No manure
(a) Ammonium sulphate
(b) No manure
(a) Amm nium sulphate
(b) No manure
(a) Sodium nitrate
(6) No manure
(a) Nitre
(4) No manure
(a) Sodium nitrate
(b) No manure
(a) Nitre
(6) No manure
... \ Cane grown after ginger without any
... ) manure.
"• > No manure given.
••• )
** # 1 Green manured with Udid.
•••y
... ) Cane grown after ginger without any
... j manure.
'"!» Same as above.
•••J
*•• [ Same as above,
"' \ No manure given by the cultivators.
Note, — In the group of garden villages the ginger crop gets the best
possible treatment. It is grown in fields which are manured wth green
roanuea* far as possible; any available farm yard manure is also given and
the crop is finally top dress d with castor cake at tbj rate of 20 to 30 maunds
per acre and it is also earthed wrh silt from the surrounding drains. The
general practice there is to grow a sugarcane crop after ginger so as to get the
advantage of heavy manuring given to ginger.
36
In the oase of Survey Nos. 467 and 528, the results of the
uomanured plot are better than those of the manured plots. The
difference may be due to differences in the soil which cannot
be ascertained from the appearance of the crop when very young.
As far as these results go they appear to indicate that of the
manures tried, ammonium sulphate alone will pay.
Dairy Herd-
39. Tho following statement shows the strength of the
herd on the Surat Station : —
dairy
I*
Increase.
Deersa^e.
2
53
Valuali -
Description*
i!
i
!'
1
,
1
3
8*:
8
f§
X
1U06.
15)07.
ltd.
Of Do
crease*
•
lis.
Hi.
BUkJ bulk
3
...
...
...
2
...
•••
2
1 »
2tt
IK
— yj
Cowg ~.
12
...
-
...
...
«.
«.
»
5&i
W5
+JO
Heifers
8
»••
...
...
«.
...
8
lit
"30
+89
Cow calves
6
~
•
tt
...
...
...
•^
12
Hi
UJ
+90
Bull ealvee
3
...
...
-.
...
...
2
Go
L«M
+35
Total ~.
31
...
6
c
«
~
...
o
33
1,18-2
+15*
Ho buffaloes
1
~.
M.
w.
...
~.
...
1
51
;q
-2p
She-buffaloes
11
3
—
3
~
...
...
u
57 1
1,010
+435
Heifers
1
...
...
...
...
1
1
...
33
...
^as
She-buffalo calves...
8
1
2
3
...
1
...
1
10
88
131
+»
Sua buffalo calves .
9
1
6
6
3
1
c
61
80
■f -'•
Total -.
30
5
7
12
6
4
11
31
804
1,234
+*30
Grand Total ...
61
6
13
18
8
«
1
13
60
1.85-
Atlfl
+5E1
40. The following statement shows the monthly milk yield
of each cow and buffalo, average monthly milk yield and dates of
calving of each animal during the year : —
so
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41
These experiments w^re started to test the milk-increasing
properties of the different folders, dry and green. They were also
made last year, hut on account of want of sufficient green fodder
it the time and other difficulties the results were not conclusive.
This year, too, difficulties had to be faced The supply of green
fodder did not last for the period for which they were to he made,
and either the fodders had to be substituted by others or the
experiment stopped. As the cattle are not box fed the experi-
ments have to he conducted when they do not get anything to
graze outside. The fodders were given in such a way that the
dry weight of the green fodders was equal. The concentrated
foods remained the same as usual.
It will he seen that the fortnightly average milk yield of the*
four animals under trial previous to the commeneenieut of the
experiment was lbs. I0«8, lbs- 10-9, lbs. 17-1 and lbs, 13-10,
respectively. The average rose during the second fortnight to
lbs, 11-8, lbs. 13-9, lbs. 17*11, lbs. 15-15, respectively, for each
animal. During the third fortnight the yield was nearly maintain-
ed without any green fodder except in the case of the fourth
animal, which was ill for three days. Daring the fourth fortnight
no guinea grass or green fodder was available and lucerne was
given to all animals, but that too lasted only for a week, during
which period the milk yield went down a little,
The yield would have showed a bigger difference when the
animals were fed both with dry and green fodder if the animals
were all newly calved; but such animals were not in the dairy
when the experiment was conducted, as many animals at that
period go dry or arc nearly at the middle of their milking period.
The trial showed that no appreciable difference in milk yield
was obtained by the changes of rations tried,
F. FLETCHER,
Deputy Director of Agriculture.
Poona, September 1S07.
rQ9Q-Z
Hi lUUYi l«IUNTKi> AT Tliit uuVfeKMUfibT CUBHLlL I&KSS.
14 DAY USE
RETURN TO DESK FROM WHICH BORROWED
LOAN DEPT.
This book is due on the last date stamped below, or
on tbe date to which renewed.
Renewed books are subject to immediate recall.
JAN 31 19678
I f A Jl 1 1 r
>
m l*'67-Xfl
M
L OAN DEPT.
^G^iSr*?^ 6 uoiSx^S^™ 1 "
YC 6867
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