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4 



MISCELLANY 



IRISH ARCH^OLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



DUBLIN: 
FOR THE IRISH ARCH^OLOGICAL SOCIETY. 

HDCCCILVI. 



THIS COPT WAS PBIMTED FOR 



JAMES HAMILTON, ESQ 



MEMBER OF THE SOOIETT.. 



DUBLIN : 

pRDrrEn at the universitt pebss, 

BY M. R. GILL. 



IRISH ARCHiEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



FOUNDED MDCCCXL. 



HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCE ALBERT. 

His Gbacb the Duke of Leinstbr. 

(ZDouncfl: 

Elected December^ 1845. 

The Mabquis of Eildabe, M. R. I. A. 

The Eabl of Lbitbim, M. R. I. A. 

The Viscount Adaee, M. P., M. R. I. A. 

Rev. S. Butchee, A. M., M. R. L A. 

James Haediman, Esq., M. R. I. A. 

WnxiAM E. Hudson, Esq., M. R. I. A. 

Captain Laecom, R. E., V. P. R. I. A. 

James Mac Cullagh, Esq., LL. D., M. R. I. A. 

Geoege Peteie, Esq., R. H. A., V. P. R. I. A. 

Aquilla Smith, M. D., M. R. I. A. 

Joseph H. Smith, Esq., A. M., M. R. I. A., Treasurer. 

Rev. J. H. Todd, D. D., M. R. I. A., Secretary. 



ADVERTISEMENT. 



The object of the Miscellany of the Irish Archaeological Society is to 
preserve such smaller documents illustrative of the history and anti- 
quities of Ireland, as, from their size, are unfitted for separate publi- 
cation. Members of the Society, and all who are interested in historical 
pursuits, particularly the heads of the ancient Irish and Anglo-Irish 
families, are invited to contribute to the future volumes of this work. 
Almost all old families are in possession of curious deeds, ancient wills, 
letters, and other documents of the kind here published, which are 
often the only existing records of historical facts, and are always use- 
ful to the historian in fixing dates, filling up defects in genealogies, 
&c., to say nothing of the illustration they afford of ancient, perhaps 
obsolete, manners and customs. 

The Council of the Irish Archaeological Society indulge the hope 
that the nobility and gentry of Ireland will recognize the value of the 
present work by contributing to its pages such deeds, letters, &c., 
as they may deem worthy of preservation. The Council will thank- 
fully receive and carefully return all original papers and documents 
which may be intrusted to the Secretary for this purpose. 

Every contributor to the pages of the Miscellany shall be entitled 
to one or more copies of the volume to which he has contributed, 
according to the number and value of his contributions, as deter- 
mined by the Coimcil. 

IRISH ARCH. SOC. MISCELL. VOL. I. b 



CONTENTS. 



Art Poge, 

LAN ancient Poem attributed to St. Columbkille ; with a Translation and Notes, 

XjL hj J, 0*Donatfan 1 

II. De Concitio Hibemie per magnates totius illios Insule. — Rev. Richard Butler, , \5 

III. Copy of the Award as consemyng the Tolboll (Dublin) — A. Smith, M, D., 33 

IV. The Pedigree of Doctor Domnick Lynch, Regent of the Colledge of St. Tho- 

mas of Aquin, in the City of Seville, A D., 1674, from a coeval MS. — J. Hardi- 

man, 44 

v. Poem by Gratianus Lucius, alias Doctor John Lynch, author of Cambrensis 

Eversus, in reply to the Question, " Cur in patriam non redis?"— ^. Hardiman, 90 

VI. Obits of Kilcormick.— i?«7. J. H. Todd, D.D 99 

VIL Ancient Testaments A. Smith, M, D., 106 

VIIL Autograph Letter of Thady O'Roddy Rev. J. H. Todd, D.D., 112 

IX. Autograph Letter of Oliver Cromwell to his Son Harry Cromwell, Commander 

in Chief in Ireland A. Smith, M. D., 125 

X. The Irish Charters in the Book of Rells.— J. 0'7>onooan, 127 

XI. Original Charter granted by John, Lord of Ireland, to the Abbey of Mellifont — 

A. Smithy M.D., 158 

XIL Journey to Connaught,— April, 1709 A. Smith, M. D 161 

XIII. Covenant between Mageoghegan and the Fox, with brief historical Notices of the 

two Families.—^. O'Donovan, 179 

XIV. The Annals of Ireland, from the Year 1443 to 1468, translated from the Irish by 

Dudley Firbisse, or, as he is more usually called, Duald Mac Firbis, for Sir 
James Ware, in the Year 1666 — J. O'Donovan, 198 



THE MISCELLANY 



IRISH ARCHiEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



Aet. I. An ancient Poem attributed to St. Columhkille ; with a 
Translation and Notes, by John O'Donovan. 

E following short poem, which is attributed to 

It Columbkille, is taken from the Leabhar Buidhe, 

r Yellow Book of the Mac Firbises of Lecan, a 

ellum MS. of the fourteenth century, now pre- 

erved in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin, 

A. 2. i6. p. 320. Its style resembles that of all 

the other short poems ascribed to this saint, although the orUio- 

graphy has been, as usual, modernized in many instances by the 

transcriber. But whether the poem be really the composition of St 

Colximbkille or not — (and as it has been preserved in a respectable 

compilation made in the' fourteenth century, we must not reject its 

authenticity without strong reasons), — it was certainly composed at a 

period when some remains of Paganism existed in this country, and 

IKIBH ABCH. 80C.StISCELL. VOL. I. B VBS 



2 Poem attributed to St Columbkille. 

was evidently intended to root out of the minds of the Irish their lin- 
gering veneration for some of their old objects of Pagan superstition. 
It is to be regretted that two words occurring in this poem, which 
appear to denote two of those objects, namely, p peoo and popoan, are 
not to be found in any of the published Irish Dictionaries, nor in any 
of the MS. Dictionaries or Glossaries accessible in Dublin. They are 
probably names for omens, but in the absence of the proper evi- 
dence it would be idle to conjecture what they denoted. The Editor, 
however, in the Notes, has laid before the reader his conjectures 
as to their meanings, but with that diffidence with which investiga- 
tions of this nature should be always conducted in the absence of 
direct proof 

The theology of the poem savours strongly of predestination, a 
doctrine which is still extensively beheved by the untaught portion 
of the inhabitants of the moimtainous districts of Ireland. The con- 
viction perhaps is natural to the human intellect, that foreknowledge 
in the Creator must predetermine the actions of his creatures ; but 
any speculations on the doctrine itself would be out of place here ; 
and it is only necessary to observe that the writer of this poem, who 
must have flourished at a very early period, appears to have believed 
in the doctrine as strongly as the peasantry do at present, that is to 
say, he believed "that the events which God has foreseen must 
irrevocably come to pass, and therefore that all things are fixed by 
an absolute decree, and cannot be changed by any exertions of 
man." 

The Irish text is printed exactly as it stands in the MS., except- 
ing that the contracted words have been given at length. The 
reader will observe that many consonants are left imaspirated, which 
are pronounced and written with aspiration in the modem Irish 
language. It has been conjectured by several, and indeed it is highly 
probable, that the ancient pronunciation diflFered from the modem in 

retaining 



Poem attributed to St. Colurnhkille. 3 

retaining the sounds of many consonants, which are now aspirated ; 
but there is no direct proof of this, as the same letter in the same 
grammatical situation is found sometimes aspirated and sometimes 
not, in the most ancient Irish MSS. extant. These aspirations were 
obviously sometimes omitted through mere carelessness of transcri- 
bers, and perhaps sometimes intentionally, especially on those letters 
which were always pronounced as aspirate, as b in the termination 
of the ablative case plural, and o in the termination of active parti- 
ciples or progressive active nouns ; so the French consider it unne- 
cessary to mark the d in bled^ com, &c., the pronunciation of the 
word being well known to be ble. The same observations will hold 
good with respect to eclipsed consonants, for the eclipsing letter is 
most generally omitted in the most ancient MSS., for this reason, 
apparently, because the grammatical structure of the sentence would 
in most instances point out to the native whether the consonant was 
to be eclipsed or not. 

The only marks introduced by the Editor are hyphens, apostrophes, 
and stops, which he thinks necessary to the preservation of the lan- 
guage in proper form. — See some very judicious observations on this 
subject by Richard M*Elligott of Limerick, in Transactions of the 
OcbUc Society of Dublin^ :pip. 29, et seq. 



Colum cilli .CO. ocup p e oc imcecc a ocnap ; ocuf if coimoi Do'n 

cf not) jeba aj oul pop pet). 

TTl'ocnupan oatn ip in pliab, 
a pi5 5pian pop popat) peo, 
noca n-eajlaip Dam nf, 
na Da m-beinD cpi picic ceD. 

Bat Da 



Poem attributed to St. Columhkille. 

Da m-bemo-f 1 rpi picir ceo, 5 

Do fluajaib, ce6 aincio cm|», 
o tnc cainjen mo bdif bpaif , 
ni uil oainjen jabaf ppip. 

^10 a cill jonrap cpora, 

510 in mofi ap lap laca, 10 

aincit) ecpora in beara, 
beirh a ceo copach caca. 

Ni cualainj neac mo mapbao, 
je pom reajma Do a m-baegal, 
ni mo ip rualain^ m'anaccul, 15 

m la ricpa mo paejal. 

TTlo paegal! 

leic map ip ail pe Dia : 

nf DC noca reipreoba, 

ruilleao aip noca bia. 20 

bfo 1 n-jalap neach ip plan, 
bfo CO plan neac ip eap-plan, 
bfo 1 n-inill neac ip cpfi, 
bfo 1 n-epinill erpfi. 

Cec nf cinoep Dia 00 neoch, 25 

ni rcir Do'n bic 50 pu pcaich, 

510 aipcmo pipep nf ip m6, 

uptKXil ppijeo nf f6 F^^P- 
Comaipci, 

bepeap ouine leip pop peD, 30 

ocup ciD h-f in comaipci, cpeD, 

pop ainic pein ap 6c. 

In lup beanrap Do na buaib 

lap coioecr ooib ap m c-plcib, 

cpeo 



Poem attributed to St ColumhkiUe. 5 

cp6o Do bep ap pip na Tn-b6, 35 

cen lup Do buain 06 booeia 

Noca n-pinp mac Dume, 

cuich D'a n-oenann pe cpuinne, 

in cpuinoi Do boD6in 6 

no m cpuinoe 00 neach aile. 40 

Ceic app in leipe coleic, 
Dena peile, peppoi ouic, 
TTlac TTluipe mine connic, 
cic cec 0151 CO n-a cuiD. 

Ip menic, 45 

in nf cairep co caipic, 
ocup in ni nach cairep, 
cen CO cairep h-6raipic. 

a D6 bf, 

ip maip5 00 nf olc pd nf, 50 

nc cu^ao in nf nac paic, 
c6ir ap 00 jlaicc m nf ac chf. 

Noca n-aj ppe6o aca ap cuio, 
noca n-aj eoin oa bapp plar, 
nf 05 cupndn 00 cpanD cap 55 

nf 05 popodn, jlac 1 n-jlaic. 
peapp m r6 pe rabpaim caeb, 
in c-Qcaip 'p-m c-Qen 'p in TTlac. 

Romo ceca n6na a rig De, 

ip e 00 pome mo T?f, 60 

ip e m R15 00 pijne ap copp, 
nac am leicpea anochc cen nf. 

Ni aopaim do jocaib en, 

na ppedo na pen pop bich-ce, 

na 



Poem attributed to St Columhkille, 



na mac nd mana na mnai, 
ip e mo Dpai CpifC mac De. 
Cpipc mac TTluijie mopoa in c-ab, 
arbaip TTlac ly Spipuc Noem, 
m' peapannuf ic R15 na R15 
ip opo 1 Cenanoup ip TTloen. 

TRANSLATION. 



6s 



TTl'oenupan. 



70 



Colurabkille cecinit while passing alone^ ; and it will be a protection'* 
to the person who will repeat' it going on* a journey*. 

Alone^ am I in the mountain^ 

O royal Sun* of prosperous path^ 

Nothing 



* Alone — Q oenoqi, is always written 
a n-aonap in the modem Irish. 

* Protection, — Coimoi is correctly ex- 
plained "protection" by O'Reilly. The 
word does not exist in modem Irish, the 
nearest form to it being ci^moac. 

* Who will repeat it — Noo 5eba, in 
the modem Irish noc 00 ^eBa ; j^eBa is 
the indicative of jpBaim, / sin^. 

« On. — Pop, in the modern Irish ap, or 
aip. 

* Journey — Seo, or pee is not used in 
the modem language, but it is explained 
in Cormac's Glossary under the word "Roc, 
as the smallest of the ancient Irish passes ; 
thus, " f^c, L e. semita uniue animalisJ*^ 
It is evidently used here in the sense of a 
path, way, road, or journey. 

^ Alone am I, — ni'oenup6n oam, in the 
modem Irish am aonap oam, the diph- 
thong oe, or ae being represented by ao« 



Qoncqi6ni oenap6n, or aenapdn, means a 
person alone, a person unaccompanied. 
The phrase involves an idiom peculiar to 
Irish ; literally, "in my solitary person by 
me;" in Latin, ^^menolitario existente.'*^ 

'^ In the mountain* — Ip m pliab is ex- 
actly the same as now spoken and writ- 
ten, except that the b in plfab is always 
aspirate. 

• royal Sun, — Q pij jpion, now a 
pl^-^ian. We are not here to understand 
that the poet was addressing the sun, but 
that piS'SPiQ" ^ applied to the Creator, 
of which we have instances in the Litanies 
of the middle ages. It does not mean 
king of the sun, for that he expressed by 
pi j ^pdine. In the former case pij; becomes 
an adjective, like church in the compound 
church'^oor in English. 

• Proeperoue path, — Rop popao peo, 
would be written ip popaio p^ao in the 



Poem attributed to St. Columbkille. 



Nothing is to be feared by me*^ 
Nor if I were attended by sixty hundred". 
If I were cUtended by sixty hundred 5 

Of forces*^ though they would defend the skin (body), 
When once the fixed period of my death arrives*^ 
There is no fortress, which wiU resist it". 

Though 



modem language, but the words are now 
obsolete: pop is for po ba, whick was; 
popoo, means happj, prosperous, success- 
ful, and p6o is explained semita^ &c — See 
Note*. 

'® Nothing is to be /eared by me, — Hoca, 
is a negative particle equal to the modem 
n\j or the 6a of Ulster and Erse dialects 
of the Grtelic. It always eclipses the initial 
consonant of the word which follows it, 
and requires n prefixed if that word be- 
gins with a vowel. 

" Nor if I were sixty hundred. — This is 
a mode of expression very usual in the 
Irish Annals, and is not unlike the £ng« 
lish, I was six thousand strong. 

** Offerees. — Do pluaj;aib, would be 
written in the modem dialect 00 plua;^- 
aib, or oe plua^iB. This affords an in- 
stance of omission of aspiration in the 
beginning, middle, and end of a word. 
The root is plua^, the preposition 00, of 
aspirates the initial of the noun which it 
governs, and the aib is the termination 
of the dative or ablative case plural, which 
is always aspirated in the modem language, 
but seldom marked as such in the ancient 
manuscripts. Whether the ancient Irish 



pronounced the consonants thus leffc un- 
marked with their radical or aspirate 
sounds it is now difficult to determine 
with certainty. Dr. Stewart conjectures 
(Gaelic Grammar, p. 11), that they pro- 
nounced them without aspiration, and that 
the tendency to aspirate the Gslic of Scot- 
land, shows itself in a progressive state in 
some words which are pronounced with 
an aspiration in some districts, but not 
universally. The same tendency to aspi- 
ration, and even suppression of consonants, 
is observable in many parts of Ireland, 
and particularly in Kerry. 

" When once the fixed period^ S^, — 
Camden mo bdip, signifies the compact, 
covenant, or league of my death, but the 
word cain^en is evidently used here in 
a figurative sense to denote the time fixed 
or predestined by God. 

** There is nofortress^ ^ — Ni uil oain- 
^en, would be written in the modern 
Irish nf puil oain^ean. The initial f, 
when aspirated, is frequently omitted al- 
together in the oldest manuscripts. The 
word oain^an is still understood in the 
sense of fortress or fastness, and it largely 
enters into the composition of names of 



8 



Poem attributed to St. Columhkille. 



Though even in a church the reprobates are slain**, 
Though in an island in the middle of a lake, 
The fortunate of this life*^ are protected. 
While in the very front of a battle. 

No one can slay me" 

Though he should find me in danger*^. 

Neither can I be protected 

The day my life comes to its destined period^^. 

My life! 

Let it be as is pleasing to my God, 



lO 



15 



places, as OamjeanUf Chiiip, O'Cuis's or 
O'Hussej's fortress, the Irish name of the 
town of Dingle, in Kerry ; 6aile an 
Oainjin, the town of the fortress, now 
Ballindangan, corruptly Ballindine, in the 
county of Mayo. 

' Though in a church the reprobates are 
tlain, that is, though the people predes- 
tined for misfortune in this world are 
often slain even in a church, the most sa- 
cred of all sanctuaries, still the fortunate 
escape, though exposed to danger in the 
front of the battle. Cpoca is the plural 
form of cpoc or cpoc, a wretch, or one 
bom or predestinated for misfortune — See 
Battle of Magh Rath, pp. 170, 171, 294, 
et passim^ where Congal Claen, the cause 
of the battle, is called qioc, as being de- 
termined to run headlong into destruction 
in despite of all the efforts of the monarch 
to bring about a reconciliation. 

»« The fortunate ofthU life, Sfc Gc- 

pora in beara. Gc]iora is the negative 



Nothing 

of Cjiora; m beara, rii vitoe is still un- 
derstood in the spoken dialect, but an 
c-paoJGil peo is more frequently used. 

^"^ No one can slay me* — Ni cualain^ 
neac mo mapbao. All the words in this 
line are still in use except the first, which 
has long been obsolete. Hf p^aoaio 
neac mo mapBao is the form of the sen- 
tence now generally understood, though 
it is varied in the provinces, as in Ulster 
ca 0-C15 le neac mo mapbao, in Con- 
naught ni ri^ 16 neac mo mapbao, and 
in Munster ni p^ioip le neac mo map- 
bao. 

^* Though he should find me in danger y 
literally, though I should happen to him 
in danger. Quanquam offenderem illi in 
pericido, 

*' Comes to its destined period. — The 
verbs cicpa, will come, and caipnic, came, 
are sometimes used in old writings in the 
sense of to come to an end, to reach a fixed 
or predetermined period. 



Poem attributed to St, Columbkille. 



Nothing of it shaU be wanting, 
Addition to it will not be [made**]. 

The healthy person becomes sick, 
The sickly person becomes sound. 
The unhappy person gets into order. 
The happy person gets into disorder'^ 

Whatever God has destined for one^ 

He goes not from this world until he meets it 
Though a prince should seek more^*, 
The size of a mite he shall not obtain^*. 



20 



^5 



*^JIify life, 4^. — The language of this qua- 
train would still be understood in most 
parts of Ireland, as the grammatical colloca- 
tion is still the same; but the orthography 
is somewhat different, thus : TTlo f ao^al I 
1^15 map If All Ic Dia : nf oe nl ceip- 
cedoaiD, cuilleao aip nf Biaio. The only 
real difference between them is the eoba 
in the termination of the future of ceap- 
cui^iim, or capcui^im, instead of the mo- 
dem eocaio, and the use of the negative 
11003, for the modem nt or ca. 
. •* The healthy person, Sfn. — ^This qua- 
train would be well understood by a good 
speaker of modem Irish, were it not that 
the word inill, order, array, good plight 
or condition, has become obsolete. It 
would stand thus in modem orthography : 
bfo 1 n-jalap ncac if fl6n, bfo 50 fl6n 
neac if eafl6n; bfo 1 n-inioU neac if 
rpua^, bto 1 n-eif-inioU ^aocpuaj. 

" Whatever Cfod hca destined for one, 
— Cec nf cinoef t)ia do neoc, would 

IBISH ABCH. 80C. MISCELL.YOL. I. C 



be written in the modem Irish, ^ac nf 
cinneaf Oia do neac ; every word of 
which is well understood at the present 
day in all the Irish speaking parts of Ire- 
land. From the verb cinim, I ordain, fix, 
is formed the participial adjective cince, 
fixed, certain, and the noun cineaihain, 
the only word now used at present to de- 
note fate or destiny, as in the proverb 
8a|iui^eaf an uihlacc an cinecnriiain, hu- 
mility overcomes fate. 

^ He goes not from this world until he 
meets it. — Ni ceic Do'n bic 50 pu fccnch, 
would be expressed in modem Irish by 
ni r6ic Dc'n c-faojal no 50 pijf id ; pu 
fcaic, is now entirely obsolete. 

»♦ Though a prince should seek more. — 
551D aipcino f ipef nf if mo. The word 
aipcino is explained in Cormac's Glos- 
sary by uafal cenn, a noble head, and 
is conjectured to be derived from the 
Greek ifx*^' 

The size of a mite he shall not obtain. 



u 



lO 



Poem attributed to St ColumbkUle. 



A guaxd 

One may bring with him on his path, 
But what protection, what — 
Has guarded him from death^ ? 

An herb is cut for the kine 

After their coming fit)m the mountaia ; 
What induces the owner of the kine 
Not to cut an herb for himself" ? 

No son of a man doth know 

For whom he maketh a gathering, 
Whether it is a gathering for himself 
Or a gathering for another person*. 



30 



35 



40 
Leave 



— Upoail ppi];eo nf p6 paip. All tlieae 
words are still in use, except the last ; 
upodil, now generally oipeoo, means 
quantum^ as much as; ppi^o denotes a 
mite, the smallest living animalcule ; but 
the verb p6 paip is no longer understood, 
nor is it explained in any of the dic- 
tionaries, but its meaning is evident here 
from the context. 

^ Protection^ 4^ — This quatrain would 
be understood at the present day, were it 
not that the noun p6o, semita^ and the 
verb ainic, to protect, are obsolete. The 
following is the form which the modem 
Irish scholar would understand: cofnaip- 
ci I Beipeap oume leip cnp f^cro (.1. bea- 
lac) ace cp6ao 1 an comaipce, — cp^oo 
00 coim^cro ^ pin aip 6a^ ? 

^ An herb is eut/or the kine^ 4^. — The 
meaning of this quatrain is not very clear, 
as the custom to which it alludes is un- 



known ; it evidently refers to some sana- 
tive or antidotal herb given to kine after 
their removal from the summer pasture in 
the mountain, to a more sheltered place in 
the winter ; but the Editor has never 
heard of any such custom remaining at 
the present day. This quatrain would 
be written as follows in the modem 
Irish: 6eanoap lup 00 na buaiB, lap 
D-ceacc d6iB ap an c-pliaB, cp6ao do 
5eip ap piop na m-b6 ^an lup 00 Buain 
00 p^in? 

* No son of a man doth know, <^. — The 
construction of this quatrain is exactly 
like the modem language, but it would puz- 
sde a modem Irish scholar, in consequence 
of the strange orthography of some of the 
words. It would stand thus in modem 
spelling: Hf pioipip mac oume, cia o'6 
n-o^anann p6 cpuinm^j^o; cm cpuin- 
niij^cro 00 fim 6, no, an cpuinnii]i jao do 



Poem attributed to St ColumhkiUe. 



II 



Leave out penury for a time, 

Attend to hospitality, it is better for thee, 

The son of Mary will prosper thee ; 

Each guest comes to his share*^. 
It is often 

The thing which is spent returns. 

And the thing which is not spent. 

Although it is not spent, it vanishes. 
O living God ! 

Alas for him who doth evil for any thing ; 

The thing which one sees not cometh to him, 

And the thing which he sees vanisheth from his hand**. 



45 



SO 



It 



neac eile. The verb F'^'P> ^ know, is 
now obsolete in the northern parts of Ire- 
land, but it is still used in Munster, and 
pronounced peaoap. In the proidnce of 
Munster the phrase used is n( peaoap m^, 
I know not; but the Irish speaking popu- 
lation of Connaught and Ulster would 
say, nt puil a piop a^am, L e. its know- 
ledge is not to me, and would consider the 
form used in Munster as truly barba^ 
reus! 

* Leave out penury for a time, 4^.— 
The meaning of this and the succeed- 
ing quatrain is very obscure. I under- 
stand them thus: Let us for awhile waive 
all reasonings about the austerities of the 
cloister, and speak of the festivities of the 
world ; and here we will observe each 
guest or individual obtaining his own 
Bhare, unless Grod has otherwise predes- 

C 



tined it : for we will observe that things 
do not fall out as the mind of man would 
expect; for that which the hospitable 
man spends on his guests returns to him 
through some other channel, while that 
which the miser hoards for his own private 
use is lost in a way which he never ex- 
pected. That this is the meaning intended 
by the writer is clearly pointed out by the 
next quatrain, which says: O living God I 
Alas for him who doth evil for any con- 
sideration, for the thing, which thou seest 
not, comes to thee, and that which thou 
seest and possessest passes from thy hand. 
^ living God, 4^. — This quatrain would 
stand in modem Irish thus: Q t)he bi, 
[or bir-beo], ip maip^ oo nf olc p6 nl ; 
ci^ cujOD on nf nac paicip, c6io op oo 
^laic an nf oo cfoip. 



12 



Poem attributed to St Columbkille. 



It is not with the sreod our destiny i8^\ 

Nor with the bird on the top of the twig'^ 

Nor with the trunk of a knotty tree, 

Nor with a sordan^ hand in hand ; 

Better is He in whom we trust, 

The Father, the One, and the Son. 
The distribution for each evening in the house of God, 

It is what my King hath made ; 

He is the King who made our bodies. 

Who will not let me go to-night without aught*". 
I adore not the voice of birds*^. 



55 



60 



Nor 



'^ It is not with the sreod our destiny is 

y\o6a n-a^ fpe6o acd dp cuio ; in mo- 
dem orthography, nf ay ppeoo acd 6p 
5-CU10. The word fpeoo is not explained 
in any Irish Dictionary, and it would be 
idle to conjecture on its meaning without 
some authority; but if conjecture be al- 
lowed, it is the ancient form of f^eao or 
cpeoD, a flock or herd. 

^ Nor with the bird on the top of the 
twig, — Noca n-aj edin oa bapp plac. In 
modem language, nd ay ^an ap Bdpp 
plaice. This would seem to indicate that 
the people for whom the poem was written 
were accustomed to rely on the omens af- 
forded by birds, as certain indications of 
their fiiture destiny. 

** Nor with a sordcm. — ^Hoca n-oy pop- 
odn. — The word popodn is not to be found 
in any Irish dictionary or glossary yet 
discovered. It is highly probable that it 
was the name of an animal, but it would 



be idle to conjecture what it was until 
some real evidence of its meaning be dis- 
covered. 

•* The distribution/or each evening^ ^ 

The meaning of this quatrain is also ob- 
scure enough. The words would stand in the 
modem language as follows: Roinn yaca 
ndna a o-ciy t)d, ip 6 do pinne mo plj; ip 
^ an piy 00 pinne dp y-copp, nac l^iy- 
piD m6 anocc yan nfo. The mode of con- 
struction, nac am leiypea, is now en- 
tirely obsolete; the m in am is an abbre- 
viation of m^, me, which is always placed 
after the verb in the modem language. 

** / (tdore not the voice of birds, — This 
evidently alludes to a pagan custom which 
lingered among the Irish people at the 
period of the composition of this poem. It 
appears from the derivation of opean, the 
wren, given in Cormac's Glossary, that 
the Irish believed that that little bird had 
the power of foretelling future events; 



Poem attributed to St Columhkille. 

Nor the sreod, nor a destiny* on the earthly world*', 
Nor a son, nor chance, nor woman, / 

My Druid is Christ, the Son of God, — 
Christ, the son of Mary, the great abbot, 

The Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. — 
My estates are with the King of ^gs. 
My order is at Cenannus* and Moen*. 



'3 



^5 



70 



It should have been noticed in the introductory remarks prefixed 
to this poem, that the occasion upon which it was composed is said 

to 



and there are preserved in the Library of 
Trinity College, Dublin, H, 3, 17, a cu- 
rious notice of the mode of interpreting 
the warblings of the wren and the croak- 
ings of the raven. Opean is thus derived 
in Cormac's Glossary: 'opecm, .1. opai 6n, 
.1. 6n 00 ni p6ipcine. Drean^ L e. a druid- 
bird, L e. a bird which makes a prediction* 
[prophecy]. This derivation is illustrated 
by a passage in the Life of St. Moling, pre- 
served in a MS. in Marsh's Library, 3, 1, 
4, foL 70, in which the following reference 
is made to the wren. *' Quodam die le- 
gens sanctus pontifex Molyng sedendo in 
quodam loco cum suo ministro, venit ad 
eum ilia avis qus dicitur ma^/tu avium^ eo 
qu6d aliquibus prtebet augurium; et ipsa 
est minima, et habebat ilia muscam vivam 
et ululantem in rostro suo." 

* Nor the sreod nor a destiny — Nappeoo 
na p^n. The word p^n and peoih is used 
in MSS. to denote fate, destiny, chance ; 
and it is stated in Cormac's Glossary that 
it was a word used by the Druids for des- 
tiny. 



^ On the earthly world, — Pop bir-ce. 
61C-CC is very frequently used in the best 
Irish poems and prose tracts to denote this 
present world. It seems to be compounded 
of bir, life, existence, and ce, Greek y^, the 
earth, but Irish glossographers are not 
agreed upon its derivation. In the Grslic 
translation of Psalm Ixxxix. 1 1, xc. 2, Cm- 
innece is used to denote the globe of the 
earth ; but this seems aoompound formed by 
the translator himself. 6ir ce is the com- 
pound always used by the ancient Irish. 

* CenannuSj — ^now translated Headfort, 
is the old and present Irish name of Kells, 
in the county of East Meath, where St. 
Columbkille erected a monastery in the 
sixth century. 

^ Moen — generally called MaenCholuim 
Chille, now Moone, in the county of Kil- 
dare, about seven miles east of Athy. St» 
Columbkille is also the patron of this 
place, and there are still the remains of 
his ancient cross, which was elaborately 
sculptured, but the church has been mo- 
dernized. 



14 



Poem attributed to St. Columhkille. 



to have been the following : immediately after the decision of the 
King of Ireland, which was given against Columbkille's right to the 
transcript he had made of St. Finnen's Psalter, the saint having pro- 
tested against the king's judgment, retired into the monastery of 
S. Boetius (now Monasterboice) " ubi ab amicis praemonitus est" 
(says O'Donnell, Vit. S. Columbas, ap. Colgan, Trias Th. p. 409) 
" in monte Bregh [now Sliabh Brey], per quern sequenti die iter fac- 
tunis erat, insidias ei a Rege Diermitio et suis parari, ne qua illi ad 
suos cognatos via pateret. Quare ut postera dies iUuxit, propositum 
iter prosecuturus, solus et sejunctus a sociis, quos aliam viam carpere 
jussit, montem conscendit, ac quemadmodum et socii, divinis canticis 
intentus secure ac aemulis invisus percurrit." 

The same event is more fully related in an Irish Life of St. 
Columbkille, in the collection of Messrs. Hodges and Smith, in which 
the present poem is expressly quoted as having been composed by 
him on this occasion : 



" Qp annpn a oubaipc Colam Cille, 
pacoD-pa 1 j-ceann mo bpaiqieac, eoon, 
Cinel ConaiU a^up 6o^in, ajup do 
56ap cac ouic-p a n-eipuic na opoc 
bpeire pu^aip opam fd ceann an leab- 
aip, a^uf a n-oioj^uil mic pi^; Connacc 
DO mapbao ap mo comaipce. Oip nf 
le6p liom t)ia do oeanam mni^re ope 
aim, j^an m6 p6m do oeanam Diojalcaip 
ope 'pan c-paojal pa. CIp ann pm a 
DuBaipc pi^ Sipeann n6c Idriiao neac 
o'peapaiB Sipeann CoUxm Cille do 
eioolacoD oj^^ an m-baile, ayup nac mo 
UxihaD aon ouine oca oul 1 ^-cac leip 
'f MX ojaiD ipim, 

"l)o jluaip Colam CiUe ap an 
m*baile jan ceao do pij ©ipeann, ajup 
DO 61 coimdoD t)^ aip, an m^ioepinnac 



'* Then Columbkille said, I will go xmto 
m J brethren the Kind Connell and Kind 
Owen, and I will give thee battle in re- 
turn for the iniquitous judgment thou 
gavest against me in the case of the book, 
and in revenge for killing the son of the 
King of Connaught while under mj pro- 
tection. For I deem it not sufficient that 
Grod shall take vengeance on thee (here- 
after) imless I myself take vengeance on 
thee in this life. Then the King of Ire- 
land commanded that not one of the men 
of Ireland should convey Columbkille out 
of the palace, or join him in opposition to 
himself. 

<« Columbkille, however, left the palace 
without the King of Ireland's consent^ 
and such was the providence of God over 

him 



De Concilio Hihernie. 



15 



op l^ip 00 66c, d, cfjup nac B-f^acaDap 
a^ imreacc of an laraip ina B-pia6- 
naipe d, a^uf 00 cuaio ^o 60016 an 
oioce fin, ajuf a ouBpaoap mumnrip an 
Baile pip oul ap a coimdao ap SliaB 
6pea3 ap na lii^pad, oip a o^iBpaoap 
^o m-beic muinncip an pf poime 00 cum 
a ^Balo. t>o cuip on pi^ cuioeacca 
o'a ihuinncip ap an c-plijib. Tlo eipij 
Colam CiUe ^o moc ap na mapac, a^up 
00 cuip a ihumnrip 1 flf^e ap leic ip in 
c-pliaB, a^p 00 ^B p6in e6lup eile na 
aonop. Conao anr\ 00 pinne an laoio. 



" n)'aonap6n oaih 'pan c-pliaB 
a pij JP'^'^ P®^ popuioe p^o 
noco n-eo^al oampa nf 
m66 oa m-bein cpi picio cdo." 



Him that he was not visible to the house- 
hold, and that no one saw him depart from 
the place or out of their presence, and he 
went that night to St. Boetius ; and the 
people of the place said unto him to go for 
safety upon Sliabh Breagh on the follow- 
ing daj, for thej said that the king's people 
would be before him to intercept and cap- 
ture him. The King did place a company 
of his people on the way. Columbkille 
arose early the next morning, and directed 
his people to gj> by a separate course over 
the mountain, while he followed another 
path alone. It was on that occasion he 
made the poem, 

'* Alone I am on the moimtain, 
O royal sun of prosperous way, 
To me no danger is apprehended, 
Any more than if I were three score 
hundred strong.^ 



Abt. II. De Concilio Hibernie per magnates totius illius Insule. 

JUsticiarius hie de communi consilio domini Regis in hac terra 
ad pacem firmius stabiliendam ordinavit et statuit generale par- 
liamentum hie ad hunc diem. Et mandatum ftiit Archiepiseopis, 
Episcopis, Abbatibus et Prioribus quorum presencia videtur ad hoc 
esse necessaria, nee non et Comitibus, Baronibus et ahis optimatibus 
terre hujus ; videlicet imicuique eorum per se, quod essent hie ad 
hunc diem et cetera. Et nichilominus preceptum fuit vicecomitibus 
Dublin, Loueth, Kyldarie, Waterfford, Typerary, Cork, Ljnneryk, Ker- 
rie, Connacie, et Roskoman, necnon et senescaUis libertatum Mydye, 

Weyseford, 



1 6 De Concilio Hibernie. 

WeysefordjKatherlaghjKylkenny etUltonie,quod unusquisque eoruin 
per se, videlicet vicecomes in pleno comitatu suo, et senescallus in 
plena curia sua libertatis sue, per assensum comitatus sui seu liberta- 
tis eligi faceret duos de probioribus et discrecioribus militibus de 
singulis comitatibus et libertatibus, quod hie nunc interessent plenam 
potestatem habentes de tota communitate comitatus et libertatis et 
cetera — ad faciendum et recipiendum et cetera — et quod quilibet vice- 
comes et senescallus fuissent hie in propriis personis et cetera. Et 
Thomas Mydensis,NicholausLeglinensis,et ceteri episcopi,et Ricardus 
de Burgo comes Ultonye modo venit, et similiter Ricardus Taff vice- 
comes Dublinye, WiUelmus de Hacche vicecomes Loueth et ceteri, 
Walterus Troimian senescallus de Trym et ceteri similiter veniunt et 
brevia sua retomata, et Walterus de laHaye et Eustacius le Poer electi 
per communitatem libertatis Kylkenny, Jeorgius de Rupe electus per 
communitatem comitatus Lymeryk et ceteri venerunt. Et Nicholaus 
Ardmacadensis archiepiscopus et ceteri absenciam suam excusantes 
miserunt hie procuratores seu attornatos suos; videlicet predictus 
archiepiscopus N. et N. et ceteri, set Willelmus archiepiscopus Tuam- 
ensis et ceteri non venerunt. Et similiter Hugo de Leis unus electo- 
rum per comitatimi de Lymeryk et ceteri non venerunt. Ideo ipsi 
in misericordia. Et in presencia predictorum episcoporum Mydensis, 
Leglinensis, et Comitum et Baronum et aliorum optimatum hie compa- 
rencium de communi consilio domini Regis in hac terra facte fuerunt 
quedam provisiones et unanimiter ab omnibus iis concordate et con- 
cesse salvo jure domini Regis et cetera. 

In primis quia visum est quod comitatus Dublin nimis est confu- 
sus, et partes ejus nimis ab invicem remote et disperse, utpote Ultonia 
et Mydia et postmodum Lagenya cum valle Dublin et cetera; per quod 
minus competenter deservitur domino regi in preceptis suis, et curie 
sue, nee non et populus suus minus sufficienter regitur sive guber- 
jiatur. Concordatum est quod de cetero sit quidam vicecomes in 

Ultonya 



De Concilio Htbernie. 17 

Ultonya tarn de Croceys Ultonye, quam ad faciendas execuciones in 
libertate Ultonye, cum defectus inveniatnr in senescallo predicte liber- 
tatis; et quod vicecomes Dublin a modo se non intromittat in Ultonya. 
Concordatum est eciam quod Mydya sit unus comitatus per se, tam 
videlicet terra libertatis de Trym quam terra Teobaldy de Verdon, 
et omnes terre Crocearum infra precinctum Mydye existentes; et quod 
de cetero sit ibi certus vicecomes, et comitatum suum teneat apud 
Kenles quolibet die Jovis post comitatum Dublin, et ipse execuciones 
faciet in predicta libertate de Trym cum defectus inveniatur et ce- 
tera. Et predictus Teobaldus de Verdon pro se et Almarico de Sancto 
Amando tenente «uo et eorum heredibus concessit, quod ipsi de cetero 
facient sectam ad predictum comitatum Mydie, per sic quod absolvan- 
tur a sectis quas debent ad comitatum Dublin; et eis conceditur. 
Comitatus eciam Kyldarie, qui quondam fuit libertas intendens comi- 
tatui Dublin, sit de cetero comitatus per se, una cum terris Croceis et 
aliis terris participum dominici Lagenie infra precinctum ejusdem 
contentis, a jurisdiccione vicecomitis Dublin totaliter absolutus. Et 
sit ibi vicecomes sicut nunc est et cetera. 

Item quia quidam magnates et alii qui quasdam terras habent in 
marchiis prope Hybemicos et alias terras in terra pacis, manent et 
morantur in maneriis suis in terra pacis, terris suis in marchiis relictis 
vastis et incultis et sine custodia ; et felones Hybemici per medium 
hujusmodi terrarum vastarum in marchiis suis transeuntes, libere 
pertranseimt ad perpetranda roberias, homicidia, et alia mala super An- 
glicos, et per eas redeunt sine arestacione, clamore vel impedimento; 
per quod quam plures marchie vel omnino destruimtur, aut pro majori 
parte ruinose sunt, Anglici inhabitantes et felonibus obediunt vel 
quasi in exilium eflFiigantur. Concordatum est quod tenentes hujus- 
modi cujuscumque ftierint auctoritatis seu condicionis apponant et 
habeant wardas in terris suis in marchia juxta quantitatem terrarum 
illarum, ne malefactores pertranseant per terras illas impunes vel non 
IRISH ARCH. 80C. MiscELL. VOL. I. D persecuti, 



1 8 De Concilio Hibernie. 

persecuti, et quociens necesse fuerit tenentes hujusmodi ad hoc dis- 
tringantur per capcionem terrarum illarum in manum domini regis, 
et modis aliis quibus curie domini regis melius videbitur expedire. 

Frequenter eciam accidit quod felones evadunt cum predis suis 
aliquando captis in terra pacis, pro eo quod compatriote non habent 
equos ad anna ad insequendos eos sicut expediret. Quapropter con- 
cordatum est et concessum, quod quilibet tenens xx. libratas terre 
sive in marchia sive in terra pacis cujuscunque fuerit condicionis, ha- 
beat unum equum competenter coopertum una cum ceteris armis 
que ad hoc pertinent continue promptum in sua mansione. Alii autem 
tenentes habeant hobinos et alios equos discoopertosjuxtasuas facul- 
tates. Et quociens defectus reperiatur in aliquo distringatur deficiens 
et puniatur secundum arbitrium justiciarii, vicecomitis et senescalli; 
magnates eciam et alii qui morantur in Anglia vel ahbi extra terram 
istam qui proficua terre sue transferri fecerunt ad eos ab hac terra, et 
nichil hie dimittentes ad salvanda tenementa sua seu tenentes eorun- 
dem, de cetero permittant porcionem competentem remanere, saltim 
in manibus ballivonmi suorum per quam terre sue proprie competen- 
ter salvari poterint et defendi si guerram seu pacis perturbacionem 
per aliquos contigerit ibi suscitari. Et ad hoc faciendum cum opus 
fuerit per vicecomitem sive senescallum efficaciter distringantur. 

Frequenter eciam evadunt felones cum predis suis, pro eo quod 
compatriote simul cum eis non insurgunt, set quidam eorum quasi 
congaudentes dampno et mine vicini sui quo juste dolere deberent se 
simulant et tabescunt, permittentes felones hujusmodi cum predis suis 
indempnes transire. Quamobrem concordatum est et concessum, 
quod cum latrones seu robiatores venerint in aliquam patriam ad 
capiendas predas vel aliud malum faciendum, omnes compatriote quam 
cicius ad noticiam suam poterit adventus iUonmi devenire, simul in- 
surgant et illos insequantur cum effectu. Quicunque vero compa- 
triotarum iUorum convinci poterit quod in insurgendo vel in illos 

insequendo 



De Concilio Hibernie. ig 

insequendo necligens fiierit vel remissus erga dominum regem graviter 
puniatur, et leso partem rei perdite restituat juxtaculpam necligencie 
sui vel remissionis, et secundum discrecionem justiciarii ad hujusmodi 
querelam audiendam assignati. 

Quia eciam communitas terre hujus multum hactenus gravata fuit 
per excercitus quos magnates duxerunt sine waranto per medium 
terre pacis et marchiarum ubi guerra non fuit. Concordatum est et 
concessum quod nuUi licebit de cetero excercitum ducere extra terram 
suam, nisi super hoc licenciam a capitali justiciario vel mandatum 
habuerit speciale, et tunc omnes quotquot duxerit percipient vadia 
sua de suo ductore. Qui autem huic ordinacioni contravenerit erga 
dominum regem graviter puniatur, et lesis dampna restituet taxanda 
per visnetum competentem. 

Fuit eciam eadem communitas multociens gravata per magnates 
et alios habentes Kaemias viventes continue sumptibus alienis, tam in 
marchiis quam in terra pacis, per quod populus vehementer est de- 
pauperatus, super quo concordatum est et concessum, quod nullus 
de cetero cujuscunque fuerit auctoritatis vel condicionis teneat Kaer- 
nias seu homines ociosos plures aut alios quam ipsemet poterit et vo- 
luerit de suo proprio sustinere, nee aliquis hujusmodi hominum ocioso- 
rum aliquid de cetero capiat ab aliquo vicino domini sui aut alio contra 
volimtatem donatoris non coactam; quod si fiat de cetero ille qui hu- 
jusmodi ociosos tenuerit graviter puniatur per justiciarium, vicecomi- 
tem et senescallum et lesis dampna restituat, et ociosus ille capiatur et 
imprisonetur quousque graciam a curia domini regis meruerit optinere, 
nee sine plevina quod bene se geret in posterum dimittatur a prisona. 

Frequenter eciam felones Hybernici ad scelera perpetranda for- 
ciores sunt effecti per hoc, quod cum ad guerram fuerint vel aliquem 
intendunt destruere, perquirunt trebas seu treugas per quosdam An- 
glicos de vicinis suis sibi dari per certum tempus, ut integrius et 
securius vacare possint ad alios vicinos suos destruendos, quos cimi 

D 2 destnixerint 



20 De Concilio Hihernie. 

destruxeiint sepe contingit quod iidem Hybemici eosdem quos prius 
amicos esse sibi simulaxunt infra tempus trebe seu treuge persequiin- 
tiir, forcellata eorum et maneria destxuunt et combunmt; et ne hujus- 
modi periculum eveniat de cetero, corcordatum est et concessum, 
quod nulli licebit de cetero habere vel tenere trebas seu treugas cum 
Hybernicis ad guerram, vel extra pacem existentibus, nisi treba ilia 
seu treuga sit universalis et equalis versus omnes, nullo fidelium ex- 
cept© vel relicto. Qui autem aliter trebam seu treugam ceperit vel 
concesserit Hybernicis extra pacem existentibus puniatur erga domi- 
num regem tanquam particeps malefacti hujusmodi Hybemicorum, et 
leso partem rei perdite restituat sicut superius dictum est de compa- 
triota cum vicino suo super felonem insurgere non volente. 

Frequenter eciam Hybemici ad guerram comittantur per hoc quod 
cum ad pacem sint vel trebam seu treugam habuerint generalem 
per certum tempus, vel tuicio pacis per curiam domini regis eis con- 
cessa fuerit, quidam cupiditate ducti, quidam vero vindicte causa, 
vel invidie, seu namii capiendi, insidiantes eis subito vel noctanter 
ruimt in eos, terras eorum intrant, predas rapiimt vel eorum averia 
aut homines, nichil mali saltim tempore illo medio versus aliquem per- 
petrantes in marchiis suis inventos capiunt et abducunt, per quod Hy- 
bernici cum leves sint animo statim ad guerram prosiliunt, et ubi patria 
debilior esse creditur ibi depredantur tam illos, qui in nullo participes 
fuerunt transgressionis eis facte, nee inde civerunt aut ad hoc consen- 
serunt, quam amicos et affines hujusmodi transgressorum, per quod 
patrie locis pluribus devastantur, et eo cicius quia raro accidit quod 
hujusmodi transgressores se fideliter intromittant ad pacem marchia- 
rium sustentandam. Et ad malum hujusmodi vitandum de cetero, 
concordatum est et concessum, quod nulli licebit in futurum quos- 
cunque Hybemicos ad pacem existentes, vel habentes certam trebam 
seu treugam, durante tempore trebe seu treuge vel durante tempore 
tuicionis pacis eis concesse, dummodo Hybemici illi pacem tenuerint, 

tempore 



De Concilio Hibernie, 21 

tempore illo invadere seu insultare quacunque de causa vel colore, 
nee aliquid ab eis rapere seu capere contra voluntatem eorum non 
coactam ; quod si quis contravenire presumpserit, graviter erga domi- 
num regem puniatur tanquam pacis sue perturbator, et nichilominus 
Hybernicis sic lesis dampna restituat taxanda per visnetum compe- 
tentem. 

Frequenter eciam accidit quod cum Hybemici se dederint ad 
guerrandum ex arrupto vel improviso, capitali justiciario tunc in par- 
tibus remotis agente, pauci vel nulli reperiuntur qui resistant et eorum 
malefacta reprimant vel perturbent, per quod sepius terre marchia- 
rum quamplurimum devastantur. Ad quod periculum vitandum in- 
posterum, concordatum est et concessum, quod quam cicius Hybernici 
per homicidia vel incendia seu predas capiendo se posuerint ad guer- 
randum, omnes degentes in comitatu seu libertate ubi Hybernici illi 
sunt morantes, et eciam vicini sui de confinio marchiarum suarum 
concorditer et in simul insurgantin Hybemicos, et eis guerram manu- 
teneant sumptibus suis propriis quousque Hybernici illi ad pacem se 
reddiderint, vel trebas seu treugas optinuerint a magnatibus terre illius 
ad hoc deputatis, vel quod capitalis justiciarius aliud inde duxerit 
ordinandum. Huic eciam ordinacioni non obediens per justiciariura 
vicecomitem seu senescallum distringatur, et pro rebellione sua puni- 
atur pro demeritis culpe sue. 

Hybemici eciam de densitate boscorum et profunditate morarum 
adjacensium confidentes assumunt audaciam cicius delinquendi, 
maxime cum via regia locis quam plurimis spissitudine bosci velociter 
crescentis jam sunt indensate et obtruse, quod vix aliquis etiam pe- 
destris per eas poterit transire ; per quod cum Hybemici post male- 
facta sua revertentes ad boscum hujusmodi vel moram possint per- 
tingere, licet compatriote communiter vellent eos insequi et eos 
insequantur, evadunt sepius sine dampno, ubi si pateret accessus, ab 
eis qui eos insequuntur forent deprehensi. Super quo ordiuatum est 

et 



22 De Concilio Hibernie. 

et concessum, quod domini boscorum per medium quorum via regia 
fuit ab antiquo una cum tenentibus suis, passus, ubi via regia fore 
debet basso prope terram et satis large sumptibus suis, et tenencium 
suorum scindi faciat et colpari, adeo quod via pateat satis larga et a 
spinis et arboribus tam stantibus quam jacentibus totaliter emunde- 
tur. Si vero dominus et tenentes sui de loco ubi passus colpendus 
fuerit suffrire non poterunt sine magno dampno custagia ad hujus- 
modi colpacionem necessaria, tunc dominus rex vel capitalis justicia- 
rius habere faciat eis auxilium de tota patria adjacente. Et si dominus 
ille cum tenentibus suis sic facere necglexerit, per vicecomitem dis- 
tringatur ad hoc faciendum, vel capitalis justiciarius illud fieri faciat 
sumptibus eonun, et nichilominus erga dominum regem graviter pu- 
niantur. Pontes eciam et calceta reparentur in locis suis sicut esse 
debent et solent, et ubi disrupta et confracta fuerint sive pontes sive 
calceta et ille qui ea reparare tenetur non suflSciat ad tanta custagia, 
patrie ad quorum profectum erunt relevata invenient comuniter ad 
ea relevanda, et relevata manuteneat ille qui tenetur, et nichilominus 
cum facultas ei subfuerit reddat unicuique quod pacavit. Capitalis 
autem justiciarius graviter puniat quos huic ordinacioni contraries 
invenerit vel rebelles. Tota eciam comunitas Lagenie, que quondam 
fuit una libertas, simul levent, simul contribuant, simul guerram ver- 
sus Hybemicos manuteneant, unanimi concilio ducantur, et contradi- 
centes et discordes graviter puniantur. 

Anglici eciam quasi degeneres modemis temporibus Hybemicali- 
bus se induunt vestimentis, et habentes capita semirasa capiUos a 
retro capitis nutriunt, et allongant, et illos culan vocant, Hibemicis 
tam habitu quam facie sese conformantes, per quod frequenter accidit 
Anglicos quosdam pro Hybemicis reputatos interfici, licet Anglico- 
nmi et Hybemicorum occisio diversos modos postulat puniendi, et 
per occisionem hujusmodi, inter quam plurimos inimicicie materia 
generatur et rancoris. Affines quoque tam occisoris quam occisi 

sepe 



De Concilio Hibernie. 13 

sepe prostemuntur altematim velud inimici. Et eo circa concorda- 
turn est et concessiun, quod omnes Anglici in hac terra saltim in capite 
quod plus visui se presentant, mores et tonsuram gerant Anglicorum 
nee amplius presumant avertere comes in colanum^ quod si fecerint, 
justiciarius, vicecomes, senescallus libertatum, domini eciam in quo- 
rum dominio Anglici hujusmodi reperiantur, et eorum senescallus 
Anglicos illos per terras et catalla sua, nee non et per arestacionem 
corporis sui et imprisonamentimi si necesse fuerit, habitum Hybemi- 
calem saltim in capite seu capillis relinquere distringant, et compel- 
lant, nee amplius respondeatur Anglico capud habenti in forma 
Hybemici transmutatimi quam Hybemico respondetur si in casu con- 
simili questus esset. 

Assignentur de cetero in quolibet comitatu et qualibet libertate 
ubi Hybemici sunt inhabitantes duo magnates, qui cum capitalis jus- 
ticiarius in remotis partibus exitterit cum Hybemici parcium illarum 

ad guerram se ponentibus licite tractent pro 

bono pacis; et si deposcat communis utilitas eis per alicquod curtum 
temporis spacium treugam seu trebam sub bona securitate hinc inde 
facienda concedant generalem, et statim mandent capitali justiciario 
quid agatur super hoc distincte et aperte, ut ipse justiciarius compe- 
tens remedium super hoc faciat ordinari. 



NOTES. 

Concilium, — This earliest record of an Irish Parliament has been noticed by various 
writers. It is entered incorrectly by Cox, in the Hibemia Anglicana, p. 86. An abstract 
of it is given by Leland, Book iL chap. 2 ; it is partly printed in Harris's Ware's An- 
tiquities, chap. V. p. 36; and it is translated at length (from a transcript not perfectly 
accurate) in Sir William Betham's Feudal and Parliamentary Dignities, p. 262, et 
sequent. It is here printed for the first time in its original form, from the only ancient 
copy which is known, and which is preserved in the Black Book of Christ Church, 

Dublin, 



24 De Concilio Hibernie, 

Dublin, fol. 6-8. From this venerable record it has been most carefully transcribed, 
and it is here printed as it stands in the original MS., without any alteration, except 
that of printing the contracted words at full length, and the correction of the following 
manifestly clerical errors, viz.: title, magnaieB pro nicignatos; page i6, line 25, jure 
-pro juro; page 18, line 3, curie pro cuHa; page 18, line 18, competenter -pro compenier ; 
page 18, line 29, devenire pro devonire; page 23, line 10, capud pro capd; page 23, line 
21, ordinari pro ordinare, 

Pcbge 15, line i. 

Ju9ticiaritLS. — Sir John Wogan, Lord Justice from 1295 to 1307. 

Page 15, lifie 3. 

Hie ad hunc diem There is some uncertainty both as to the time and the place of 

holding this Parliament. It was probably held in Dublin, and the time must have 
been between 1289, in which year William, Archbishop of Tuam, was consecrated, and 
1 303, when Nicholas M'Molissa, Archbishop of Armagh, died, both of whom are men- 
tioned in the record as absent. The date commonly assigned is 1 295, but Sir William 
Betham, having found the accounts of Walter Hache, Sheriff of Louth, and Richard 
Taafe, Sheriff of Dublin, who returned their writs to this Parliament, on the great 
roll of the Pipe, for the 28 th of £dw. L, 1 297, has fixed it in that year; but if this was 
the case Harris is wrong in stating in his Synoptical Table, that Wogan the Justiciary, 
in whose presence this Parliament was held, was absent from the Government of Lre- 
land from 1296 to 1298. Sir John Wogan had letters of credence to the Lrish nobles, 
in October, 1295 (Rymer, voL L p. 829), and on May 13th, 1296, with the Earl of 
Ulster and the Irish nobles in his company, he was feasted by King Edward at the 
Castle of Roxburgh (Pembridge in anno). It may be worth noticing that in 1296, the 
year in which the Steward surrendered his castle of Roxburgh, Edward L confirmed a 
grant made to the Steward by the Earl of Ulster, of the Castle and Borough del Roo, 
in Ireland Rot, in Tur, Land, 24 Ed. i . 

Page 15, line 5. 
Comitibus. — The Roll of the persons who attended this Parliament has not been pre- 
served. The list which Sir R. Cox presents to the reader, and which is here given, to 
show, as he says, what sort of Parliaments were in Ireland in those days, is the list of 
the twenty-eight persons, to whom, on the i8th of October, 1295, Sir John Wogan 
had letters of credence, and who may have been some of the Peers or Knights of 
this Parliament. It is probable that a greater number was summoned, as in 13 10 
eighty-six Peers had writs of summons. Richard de Burgh, Earl of Ulster ; Geofiry 
deGeneville; John Fitz Thomas; Thomas Fitz Maurice; Theobald le Butler; Theo- 
bald 



De Concilio Hihernie. 25 

bald de Verdon ; Peter de Birmingham, of Athenry ; Peter de Birmingham, of Thet- 
moy ; Eustace de Poer; John de Poer ; Hugh de Purcel ; John de Cogan ; John de 
Barry; William de Barry; Walter de Lacy; Richard de Exeter; John Pipard; Walter 
L^Enfant; Jordan de Exeter; Adam de Stanton ; Symon de Phypo; William Cadell; 
John de Val ; Morris de Carew ; George de la Roch ; Maurice de Rochfort ; Maurice 
Fitz Thomas of Kerry. 

As to the Constitution of this Parliament it consisted of the spiritual and lay peers, 
summoned individually, and of knights elected by the several counties and liberties 
pursuant to writs directed to the Sheriffs and Seneschals. There is no mention of any 
representatives of the cities or boroughs, who, however, attended the Parliament of 
Kilkenny in 13 10, or of any proctors of the clergy, whose presence in these times was 
probably required only when the Crown demanded an aid or subsidy. Until a much 
later period all the members of the Irish Parliament sat commonly together, and occa- 
sionally the most important business was transacted by a Committee, as in the Parlia- 
ment of 1 3 10 (see Rot, Pat. 3 Edw. II. 63); and in the clause Judicium Casus Dubii in 
the Modus tenendi Parliamenta, which is good evidence of the practice of our Irish Par- 
liaments, at least in the time of Henry the Fifth, it is provided that this Committee 
should be reduced by successive elections from 25 to one person, " qui a seipso descen- 
dere (dissentire ?) non potest." 

Page 15, line 8. 

Dublin, — The fifteen counties and liberties here named comprehended the whole 
of Ireland, which, in legal theory at least, had all been reduced to shire ground previous 
to this time, and there is evidence adduced by Serjeant Mayart in his Answer to Sir 
Richard Bolton, printed by Harris in the Hibemica, chiefly taken from the Plea Rolls 
(when will they be printed ?)j that not only in theory but in fact, the king's writ ran 
through the greater part, if not through the whole, of Ireland, during the reigns of 
Henry IIL and of Edward L, in which period the English had greater power in Ire- 
land than for some subsequent centuries. During this period, in the language of the 
Irish Address to John XXII. in 1 3 1 8, a document which no Irishman can read with- 
out either shame or anger, the native Irish, driven from their spacious habitations, 
and hereditary lands, were compelled for the safety of their lives to seek shelter in 
the mountains, the forests, the bogs, and other barren places, and even in the caverns 
of the rocks like wild beasts (Scotichronicon, lib. xii. c 27); while the marches or 
borders were not one definite line, dividing the country into two parts, but were in- 
terspersed throughout the whole island wherever the barrenness of the soil caused 
it to be unoccupied by the Normans through neglect, or where the strength of the 
country deterred them from assailing it. 

I&ISH ARCH. SOC. MISCELL. VOL. I . E Page 



26 De Concilio Hibernie. 



Page 15, lineg. 

Libertatum. — These Irish liberties are called Ck)untie8 Palatine by Davies, p. 108 ; 
but I have not found that name given to them in any Irish record. They seem to 
have resembled more closely the Regalities of Scotland, than the great £nglish Coun- 
ties Palatine. The power of the Lords of these Liberties was very great, yet it has 
been thought to have been greater than it was. Under the short and comprehensive 
charters of Henry the Second they claimed, justly or unjustly, the pleas of the Crown, 
and almost unrestricted authority ; but although the recognition of these pleas was 
resumed, at least by the Lord of Meath (see Rot Pat 2 Hen. V. 137), yet in the 
confirmation charters of King John, whose bad reputation in England has hitherto pre- 
vented justice from being done to his exertions in the settlement of Ireland, there are 
introduced saving clauses to protect the rights of the Crown, and to limit the power of 
the lord over his barons, especially an appeal was given in all cases from the lord's 
court to that of the king ; and in this Parliament we have the appointment of a She- 
riff to make executions in the liberties, when the seneschall or lord's officer should be 
found in default. With these restrictions it does not seem that it was an unwise mea- 
sure to introduce the Feudal system in planting a court of justice in every barony 
under the baron, giving an appeal from it to the court of the lord of the liberty, and 
from the court of the liberty to the court of the king, the supreme lord; nor must we 
forget that the natural progress of settled government (and Henry II. could scarcely 
have anticipated the centuries of confusion which have followed) would have been to 
break down any privilege of tiieir immediate lord, which was grating to the lesser 
Barons and tenants, who could always fly from their petty tyrant to the protection of 
the throne. Whatever may have been the constitutional and political results of these 
great Feudal Lordships, the Lords assumed the state and ceremony of princes ; they 
had their Treasurers, and Chancellors, and Barons of the Exchequer. The townlands 
of Marshallstown and Seneschallstown, indicate the fees of the Marshall and Seneschal 
of the Lord of Meath, and even the subordinate Baron of Slane had his standard- 
bearer. It is in all likelihood to their imitation of this pageantry of the English 
Lords that the Irish chieftains were indebted for the names, if not for the services of 
some of the officers of their petty courts. — Hy-Many^ p. 86, «. ^, 

For much information about these liberties we refer to the valuable works of Sir W. 
Betham and Mr. William Lynch, on Feudal Dignities, who have supported their oppo- 
site views on the interesting and still debateable question of the peculiarities of the 
Irish peerage, with great acuteness, and have brought forward many documents, 
which illustrate Irish history, which are not to be found in any other printed works. 

Page 



De Concilio Hibernie. 27 



Page 15, line 9 

Mydye The Lords of the liberties of Meath, Wexford, Carlow, Kilkenny which 

then included Ossory, and of Ulster, in 1279, were respectively — Geoffry de Geneville 
or de JoinTille, a name famous in European history ; Aymer de Valence, Earl of Pem- 
broke; Roger Bigod, Earl of Norfolk ; Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Gloucester; and 
Bichard de Burgh, Earl of Ulster : princely names and princely lordships, but 
belonging all, except the last, to Irish absentees. Kildare and Leix, which, with 
Wexford, Carlow, and Kilkenny, formed the Lordship of Leinster, and which, at the 
division of the Earl Marshall's lands between his five sisters, had been assigned to 
Sibilla Countess of Ferrers, and Eva de Braosa, had been afterwards again subdivided 
amongst co-heiresses, and were probably now held in such small portions, that no 
seneschal was appointed for them. Kildare, we see, had now its sheriff, and Leix was 
probably in union with ELilkenny or .Kildare, and, if no seneschal was appointed, was 
subject to the Sheriff of Dublin. 

Page 16, lint 9. 

Thomas Mydenwe. — Thomas St Leger, consecrated Bishop of Meath in 1287, died 
in 1320; Nicholas Cheevers, Bishop of Leighlin, consecrated in 1277, died in 1309; 
Nicholas Mac Molissa, Archbishop of Armagh, consecrated in 1272, died in 1303 ; and 
William de Birmingham, Archbishop of Tuam, consecrated in 1289, died in 131 1, are 
the Prelates named in this record. The See of Dublin was vacant from 1294 to De- 
cember, 1297, in which interval this Parliament was probably held — Waters Bishops. 

Page 16, line 10. 

Bkardue Taffi — ^He was sunmioned to the Parliament of Kilkenny, 3 Edward IL 
1 3 10. Walter Hacche does not occur in the Calendar Bot CancelL, but it is a name 
well known in Louth. I have found no traces of Walter Tronman. 

Page 16, line 13. 

Waltena de la Haye. — ^Escheator of Lreland in the reign of Edward I., and at the 
beginning of that of Edward II — Lit, Antiq. 19. Rot. CL 2 Edw. II. 6. Hot. Pat 3 
Edw. IL 12. 

Ibid. 

Eustacius la Poer, — Is frequently mentioned in the Bot. Cane, of this time, and ge- 
nerally in connexion with the Liberty of Kilkenny. 

E 2 Page 



28 De Concilio Hibernie. 

Page 1 6^ line 14. 

Jwrgius de Bupe ^Was one of the Magnates who had personal summons to the 

Parliament at Kilkenny, 3 Ed. II. His name and that of Eustace le Poer are amongst 
those to whom Sir John Wogan had letters of credence. 

Page 16, line 19. 
Hugo de Leis Thomas, son of Hugo de Leis, was constable of the Castle of Lime- 
rick, before 1326 Rot. Cl> 20 Ed. IL 42. 

Page 16, line 26. 

Comitatus Dublin, — In the Council at Oxford, in 1 184, in which Henry IL gave the 
Lordship of Ireland to his son John, he assigned to the service of Dublin the whole 
land of Ofielana, Ealdaran, and the whole land of Offalaia and Wikechelon ( Wicklow) 
with the appurtenances, and the service of Meath, and the service of four knights due 
by Robert Poer for his Castle of Dunavet, which was situated near Bathfarnham, and 
paid tithes to the Archdeacon of Dublin. — Alani BegieL f. 78, Trin. College Copy ; see 
Hoveden, Henricus Secundus, f. 324, in Rer. Anglic Script, post Bedam, and Harris's 
Ware's Antiq. 196. Fingal in the Valley of Dublin, being afterwards granted to Walter 
de Lacy, was incorporated with Meath, and with it became subject to service in Dublin* 
To Wexford Henry II. had assigned Harkelou ( Arklow), and Glascarric (Glascarrick, on 
the coast near Grorey), with their appurtenances, the land of Gilbert de Boisrohard (Gile- 
bert de Borard. Conq. of Ireland, L 3 1 1 7) ; Femeg Winal (FernegenaL Conq. of Ireland, 1. 
308 1 ; Femegenelan, Harr. Ware's Antiq. p. 1 9 1 ) ; and Femes, with their appurtenances, 
the whole land of Hervey (de Momorrenci) between Weseford and the water of Water- 
ford, the service of Raymond de Druna (perhaps the service of Raymond le Gros for 
Odrone) ; the service of Frodrevelan (Fothert Onolan) ; the service of Uthmorthi 
(Ombrethi, Conq.Irel.) ; of Leighlerin (Leighlin) ; the holding of Machtaloe (Machtalewy. 
Hib. Exp. 1. 32. Camalloway ?) with its appurtenances, and Leis, the land of Greoffry 
de Costentin, and the whole land of Otueld (O'Toole) ; Hoveden uhi supra. All these 
lands forming, with Ossory and Wicklow, the Lordship of Leinster, which had been 
granted to Strongbow, were to pay sidt and service at Wexford, according to Henry's 
applotment; but afterwards (poatmodum is the word used in the record), these duties 
were transferred to Dublin. 

In the Finis et Concordia between Henry IL and Roderick, King of Connaught, 
made at Windsor in 1 1 75, all Leinster is called the appurtenance of Wexford, " Wase- 
fordia cum omnibus pertinentiis suis, scilicet cum tota Lagenia." In the copy of this 
treaty given by Hoveden, ubi supra^ f. 312, the name which is printed Raida in Ry- 

mer's 



De Concilia Hibernie. 29 

mer's Foedera, vol. i p. 32, new Ed., is printed Nida, a nearer approach to Mida or 
Meath, which, it is evident from Henrj^s charter to Hugh de Lacy, was the name of the 
original Although the land which is between Waterford and the water which is be- 
yond Lismore, and the whole land of Oiseric (Ossory) were assigned to Waterford, we 
we find that in 1 302 the Sheriff of Dublin had a writ, ordering him to correct the de- 
fault of the Seneschal of Kilkenny Bot Pat, 3 1 Ed. I. 4. 

Pa^e 17, line i, 

Croceys, — The crosses or churchlands were exempted in almost all, if not in all cases, 
from the most comprehensive grants to laymen, see De Lacy's charter for Meath, and 
the charter for Ulster; and the jurisdiction in them was exercised either by a seneschal 
appointed by the Churchman, if it was erected into a Liberty, or by the King's Sheriff. 
DavteSi p. 107. 

In the collections of Christopher Cusake, who was Sheriff of Meath, in the second 
year of Henry VIIL MSS. Trin. ColL Dub. (E. 3. 33.), is an Extente, giving the con- 
tents of the crosses in the several baronies in Meath, Dublin, Lryell, and Kildare, also 
all the pollyes (free lands) that is in Meath. The extent of Meath is as follows: 

" The barronye of Dwleke, xxx* ii c iiii** and xvii acr. &c 

The crosse of y* same, xicdi &c. 

The barrony of Rathouth, xx^ c. &c. 

The crosse of the same, iiii c. and xiiL acr. &g. 

Donboyne, x c. &c. 

The crosse of the same, ii c. &c. 

The barronye of Deese, xx** viii c. &c- 

The crosse of the same, iic&c. 

The barronye of Moyfinragth, xvi c. &c. 

The crosse of the same, iiij c &a 

The barronye of Lune, xx** c. et alias xxviiic 

The barronye of Kenlys, xxvii c. &c 

The crosse of the same, iii c. &c 

The barronye of Margalinge, xx** ii c. &c. 

The crosse of the same, 

The barronye of Slane, xx" c. &c. 

The crosse of the same, 

The barony of the Nowane, xxx** vi c. et dL 

The crosse of the same, . iiij c. et di. 

The barronye of Serine, xxx** iii c &c. 

The 



30 De Concilio Hibernie. 

The crosse of the same, iii c. iiii'' and x. acr. 

The barronye of Deltvine, vic.&a 

The crosse of the same, i c. &c. 

The barronye of Fowre, . vi c. &c. 

The crosse of the same, iiii c &c 

The barony of Mayosill (Moyashill), . . . vi c. &c- 

The cross of the same, 

The barronye of Maythyra Demenane, . . vi c &c. 

The cross of the same, i c. &c. 

The barronye of Carkary, iiii c &c- 

The crosse of this same, 

The barony of Meygnishe, vi c &c- 

The cross of this same, 

Sm*. the counte of Meath iii** carows [carucates or quarters] et xiii c and xxx** viL 



acr." 



As the sum total does not agree with the items there must be some error in this 
extract, but it is here given as indicating the proportion of the cross to the lay lands 
in the county of Meath. 

Poffe 1 7, line 5. 

Tecbaldy de Verdon — Theobald de Verdon, son of Margery de Lacy, and Geoffry 
de Greneville, husband of Matilda de Lacy, the grand-daughters and co-heiresses of 
Walter de Lacy, held the Lordship of Meath in purparty. Loghseudy and Trim were 
the heads of their respective moieties. The bounds of these moieties it would perhaps 
be difficult to ascertain ; and it would appear that de Geneville*s Liberty of Trim ex- 
tended into the present county of Westmeath. Rot Pat, 20. Ed. IIL 3. De Yerdon's 
moiety was not limited on the west by the bounds of Westmeath. The present county of 
Longford, and even part of Roscommon, were included in his portion of Meath, Loos- 
medi (Loghseudy), Moydewe (Moydow), and Adleck (Athleague), were amongst the 
possessions forming part of Meath, which were confirmed to him in the 12th year, 
Ed. I. Lit. Antiq. 9. De Verdon's moiety was seized into the King's hands, either by 
Henry IIL {Rot, Pat. 3 & 4 Ed. IL 50), or by Edw. I. {Rot, Pat. 2 Hen. V. 137), and 
does not appear to have been restored to him, or to his son. 

In 1330 the whole Liberty, with all its privileges, was reunited in favour of Roger 
Mortimer, Earl of March, and husband of Joan, heiress of Greoffry de GenevUle, from 
whom it descended through the Earls of March, and Richard Duke of York, to King 
Edward IV., and was finally annexed to the Crown by Henry VIL 

Page 



De Concilio Hihernie. 3 1 

Page 17, line 10. 
Almarico de Sancto Amando. — Lynch supposes that the lands which Almaric de St. 
Amand held from Theobald de Verdon, were those four camcates of land called '^ le 
Ryn," which formerly belonged to Ua-gorman the Irishman, and which were confirmed 
to him by Henry III. (Lynch, Dignities, 159); but this supposition is not free from 
difficulties. In 1425, Sir John Talbot, afterwards Earl of Shrewsbury, was Lord of 
Loxeuedy, as one of the representatives of De Verdon, and his tenant was Henry 
M*Adam — Rot, Pat, 3 Hen. VL 112. In the time of Sir Henry Piers the memory of 
Theobald Verdon was still preserved in the neighbourhood of Lough Seudy, in the 
name of Maghere Tibbot, and in a tradition of his death in a battle said to have been 
fought there in the time of Henry VHI. 

Page 17, line 14. 
Kyldarie, — In the patent of the Earldom of Kildare, granted to John Fitz Thomas, 
in 1316, the office of Sheriff was specially reserved, but in the following year the 
liberty was revived in his favour, and the office of Sheriff, which seems to have been 
the essential distinction of a liberty, was conferred upon him {Bat, Pat, 1 1 Ed. IL 17), 
and was possessed by his descendant in the reign of Henry YIII. 

Page 17, line 20, 

ifarc^M.— These Marches are not to be confounded with the English Pale, the 
narrow district in the vicinity of Dublin, which in the fifteenth century acknowledged 
English authority, but which never formed the limit of English power in Ireland. 

Page 17, line 28. 

Caneordatum. — A comparison of the enactments of this Parliament with the recog- 
nizance of the English and Irish wardens, and the indenture of Erie Gerralde of Kil- 
dare, in 1524 (State Papers, voL iL part iii. pp. 108, 18), will shew, that in the 
intervening centuries, no progress had been made by the English in good government, 
while their power had gradually diminished, and will prove the vanity of all legal pro- 
visions which depend for their execution on the will of the people, when they are 
made in opposition to national habits and circumstances. To improve a people by 
legislation there needs a strong government. 

Page 1 8, line 9. 

Equum eompetenter coopertum, — 

" Thirty steeds both fleet and wight 

Stood saddled in stable day and night, 

Barb'd 



32 De Concilio Hibernie. 

BarVd with frontlet of steel, I trow, 

And with Jedwood-axe at saddle bow, 

A hundred more fed free in stall. 

Such was the custom of Branksome HalL'^ — Scotts Lay, 

The doings of the Scotch mosstroopers and borderers have been made famous 
through the world, and genius has lavished upon them the riches of romance and 
poetry ; but we have had no Walter Scott to foster a spirit of comprehensive patriot- 
ism, by making us proud of our country, by ennobling whatever was praiseworthy in 
the national character or history, and by shewing how much of the misconduct of all 
parties was the result of their unhappy circumstances, and how it was mixed with 
spontaneous and independent good, and often corrected by it. 

For the illustration of almost all the clauses in this Act of Parliament the reader 
is referred to the notes on the Statute of Kilkenny, a valuable contribution to the his- 
tory of his country, in which, from authentic and unpublished records, Mr. Hardiman 
has materially increased our knowledge of the state of Ireland in the fifteenth and 
sixteenth centuries. 

Pa^e 1 8, line 25. 

Simulant et tabescunt, — There seems to be some error in the text ; the meaning is 
perhaps '* pretend to be ill." The whole of this record has the air of a translation into 
the Latin of the time, from the Norman French in which it is probable that the Act 
was originally written. 

Pa^e 19, line 18. 
Kaemiat 9eu homines ociosos. — Kerns or Idlemen. 

Pa^e 22, line 3. 

Basso The meaning here is plain, the construction very difficult. If the word 

could be allowed, bassari, to be levelled, might be conjectured as the right reading. 

Pa^e 22, line 29. 
Hybemicorum occisio It is not to be supposed because the Irish had not the be- 
nefit of the English law, that therefore they were altogether without the protection of 
all law. The Irish law was observed towards them in the midst of the English. The 
English settlers brought with them the law of England, but the Irish were governed 
by the old law of the country. In the fifth article of the Synod of Cashel, held in 
1 172, the continuation of the Irish law of money compositions for homicide, is plainly 
intimated in the treaty between Boderick, King of Connaught, and Henry II. in 1 175; 

the 



Award concerning ilie TolboU, 33 

the Irish tenants who returned to the lands then held by the English Lords, were to 
paj^ at the will of their Lords, either the tribute imposed upon Roderick, or the 
ancient services which they were wont to pay. The Irish Magna Charta of Henry III. 
was addressed exclusively to the English of Ireland, leaving the Irish Customs un- 
touched, and a petition addressed by the people of Ireland to Edward II., shews that 
in some cases a distinction in favour of the Irish criminal was made in the King's 
Courts, between an English and an Irish convict, so late as 1316, see the King's writ 
to the Lord Justice, &c., printed in the appendix to Grace, from Rymer, vol. ii. p. 293. 
Were other evidence of the fact wanting, it is to be found in this Statute, which de- , 
clares that the slaying of an English and an Irishman requires different modes of 

punishment, and enacts that an English plaintiff, wearing his hair in the Irish fashion, 

• 

is to be answered in court as an Irishman. What these Irish laws were, by whom 
they were administered, and how long they were observed in concurrence with English 
law, are matters which it is to be hoped the labours of the Archaeological Society will 
hereafter elucidate. In Grace*8 Annals, p. 84, n. are some reasons for the wish of the 
Anglo-Irish nobles that the English law should not be granted to their Irish vassals. 

R. B. 



Art. hi. Hereafter ensuyth the Copy of the Award as consemyng 

the TolboU. 

THIS award and ordynance indentyd made the vii^** day of De- 
cember the xvi*** yer of the reyng of Kyng Henri the viii*^, 
wyttenissith that wheras ther was certayn warience and debates long 
dependyng betwix Nicholas Queytrot late mayr of the cittie of Dub- 
lin, Bertheleme Blanchewill and John Candell then beyng balliues 
of the sayd cittie and the commonis of the same of the one party, 
and Thomas, Abbot of the house of Seynt Thomas the Martyr be- 
sydis Dublin and his convent of the same, of the other party, as con- 
semyng a certayn custom callyt TolboU, wherapon the sayd Thomas, 
Abbot, the furst day of August, the yer aforsayd dyd put a bill of 
compleynt ayens the forsayd mayr and bally wes befor Jamus Denton, 
Sir Rauff Egerton, knyght, and Antony fitz Herbard, one of the 

IRISH ARCH. 800. MISCELL. VOL. I. F » j USticCS 



^■«w^ 



34 Award concerning the TolhoU. 

justices of the Kyngis Commen Place in Ingland, then they beyng 
the Kyngis commyssioners in Irland, declaryng and supposyng»by 
his sayd bill that wheras Kjmg John, then beyng Kyng of Ingland, 
did yew and graunt and by his dede conferme to the Abbot of the 
house of Seynt Thomas aforsayd, and to his successores, and to the 
chanonys ther doyng Godis dewyn service, such custom of ale and 
methe as the sayd Kyng John vsyd to haw and lewy in the taverens 
of Dublin, that ys to say, of every brew of ale or methe to be sold 
in Dublin, one mesure callit the TolboU (conte3myng in hit self a 
gallon and di:) of the best ale and methe, and as mych of the 
secound, and how that the sayd Abbot and his predecessores was 
seysyd of the sayd custom callit Tolboll by reyson of the Kyngis 
graunt, till they was lettyd and disturbit by the foresayd majrr and 
balljrwes, as pleynly hit doth apper by the forsayd Abbottis bill of 
compleynt ; by reyson wherof hit was ordirrit, jugyt, and decreyt by 
the forsayd commyssioners and the Kyngis CounsaiU her in Irland, 
by the assent of the sayd Thomas, Abbot and his convent, and att 
ther request and desir the vi. day of August, the yer aforsayd, that 
the forsayd Nicholas Queytrot, William Talbot, Walter Ewstace, and 
Cristofer Vssher of Dublin, merchauntes, shold by ther discressyon 
and concyence moderate and apoyn how mych and what ale and 
meth, other how mych mony the sayd Abbott and his successores 
shall haw yerly of the breweres that brew to sill in the sayd cittie 
for the same Tolboll and custom. And the seyd matyr of warience 
moderatyd, appoyntyd, and ordirryt by the said Nicholas, William, 
Walter, and Cristofer, arbitrours deputyt by the forsayd commys- 
syoners and the Kyngis CounsaiU her in Irland, att the request and 
by the assent of the sayd Abbot and his convent, the sayd Abbott, his 
conuent, and ther successores for euer to stand by the sayd modera- 
cion, ordjmance, and apoyntment, and to resew the same custom or 
other thyng without makyng furdyr trowble or sute iherfor, prowydit 

that 



Award concerning the Tolboll 35 

that the sayd moderacion, ordjmance, and apojmtment be made by 
the-sayd Nicholas, William, Walter, and Cristofer, by the fest of the 
Consepcion of our Lady next ensuyng the date abow wryttyn. And 
we the sayd Nicholas, William, Walter, and Cristofer takyng apon 
vs the said ordynance acordyng to the forsaid decre yewin by the 
sayd commissioners and the Kyngis counsall by good and matur de- 
liberacion, examyhg the title and prowys of the sayd Abbot conser- 
nyng the sayd custom callit Tolboll ; and in as mych as hit apperith 
vnto vs the sayd Nicholas, William, Walter, and Cristofer, mervelouse 
hard, and defust, how and in what maner the sayd custom callyt 
Tolboll had a begynyng, and what they were that shold pay hit or 
whatt quantyte, or how many peckes euery brewer dyd brew ; and 
yf anny had brewyd under the sum of xxx** bussellis then hit to be 
accountyd as no brew wherof they or anny of them shold pay Tolboll. 
And ouer this, for as mych as hit apperith notte vse, the sayd Nicholas, 
William, Walter, and Cristofer by reyson that we ne none of vs saw 
nott the exsperience ne poscession ne the forme of the takyng of the 
sayd custom callit Tolboll prowy . . ne rerryt [^ic], sens tyme of mynd, 
so that by all simylytude att the tyme of the sayd Abbottis graunt 
consemyng the Tolboll ther was certa)^ breweres that brewyd for the 
hold cittie which brewyd xxx** or xl** bussellis att a brew after the 
co[8tom] of London and other wheres, by reyson wherof the shold pay 
Tolboll, and now none within this cittie of Dublin brew nott past ij 
bussellis, iiij other, viij att the furdyst att a brew, which ys spent for 
the more parte in ther housis, and soo nott in the case that they 
owght to pay Tolboll. Wherfor hit was awardyd, adjrugyt, moderattyd, 
and appojmtyd by good discression and concyence, by vs the sayd 
Nicholas, William, Walter, and Cristofer the forsayd vij**" day of 
December, the yer aforsayd, att the Blake Freres within the cittie of 
Dublin, that the sayd Thomas, Abbot and his convent and ther suc- 
cessores for euer shall haw hensforward of euery brew or of euery 

F 2 brewer 



36 Award concerning the TolbolL 

brewer that brewys to the som of xvj bussellis att a brew to be sold, 
the custom callyt Tolboll, that ys to say, a gallon and di : of the best 
ale or methe, and as mych of the ij** ale and raethe and none vnder 
the sum of xij bussellis, euery bussell conteynyng in hymself xvj 
gallonys. And for the more sure accomplissyng and fulfyllyng of 
all and euery of the premissis, we the sayd Nicholas, William, 
Walter, and Cristofer award and juge that the sayd Thomas, Abbot 
or his successores and cowent, bynd them and ther successores for 
euer vnto the mayr, ballywes, and commons of the citte of Dublin, 
and to ther successores in a obligacion of iij'^ li. of leffull mony of 
Irland vnder ther commen seall. And that the mayr, balljrwes, and 
commons be bound for them and ther successores in like maner vnder 
ther commen seall, vnto the sayd Abbot and convent and ther succes- 
sores for euer; and, the sayd obligacionis wryttyn sellyt and delyueryd 
in maner aforsayd, then we the sayd Nicholas, William, Walter, and 
Cristofer award and juge that the ma)T of the cittie of Dublin for 
the tyme beyng, and his successores, shall pay or cause to be payd 
vnto the Abbot and convent of Seynt Thomas-Court aforsayd, and to 
ther successores ten syllyinges of laffuU mony of Irland to be payd 
yerly the morow of JVIighalmas day yf hit be duly askyt of the mayr 
that shal take his oth that day ; and that in discharge of all pety 
breweres within the cittie that brewys vnder the sum of xvj busselUs. 
In wyttenis that this ys our award, we the sayd wardismen hath sub- 
scribit our namys, and for the more prof putto our seaUis. And 
because that our seallis beth to many men unknowin therfor [the] 
prowost seall of the citte of Dublin, att our request and desir, ys put 
[to] this present wryttyng, and also the commen seall of the sayd 
Abbot and convent, att our request and desir, ys putto in like maner. 

Copia vera. 



' Herafter 



Decree concerning the Tolboll 37 



Herafter ensuyth the Copy of the Deere yewin betwix the Cittie 
and Seynt Thomas-CourttyOs consernyng the Tolboll and other 
Thynges. 

MEM^. That wheras ther was certayn contrauersies, warience 
and debates dependyng betwix Jamus Cotterell, Abbot of 
the house of Seynt Thomas the Martyr by Dublin, and his con- 
vent of the same of the one party, and Walter Ewstace, majn: of the 
cittie of Dublin, Alexander Bexwike and Richard Eliot, balliwes of 
the sayd cittie, and the Jures and comonis of the same of the other 
party, as consernyng a certayn custom callyt Tolboll, — a bote to fish 
apon the water of the cittie, — the ordirryng of the watyr that comys 
fro Doddyr vnto the sayd cittie, — the jurisdiccion of all the howsis 
in Seynt Thomastrett that the forsayd Abbot pretends to be of his 
glebe, exsept one franke house leyng by Seynt Katerinys church 
styll, — the ordirryng and rydyng of the fraunches in euery wher 
about Seynt Thomas-Courtt, — the coronership in all wheres within the 
fraunches, — forty-.s. yerly that the balliwes for the tyme beyng was 
wont to be allowyd by the forsayd Abbot and convent for ther good 
payment of xx** merkes due vnto them by the. Kyngis noble progeni- 
tores grauntes, — and also a certayn com that the keper of the watyr of 
the sayd cittie was accustomyt to lewy, and percew of and apon all the 
forsayd Abbottis myllis yerly. Wherapon the sayd parties, by ther 
own assentes, by ther seuerall dedes obligatory, berryng date the xij*** 
day of August, the xix^ yer of the reyng of our Souerayn Lord 
Kyng Henri the viii*** att Dublin, within the cittie and county of Dub- 
lin, dyd submyt themself vnto the award, arbytryment, and jugment 
of vs, John Surges Abbott of the house of our blissyd lady the Vergyn 
of Dublin, William Hassard Priour of the Cathedrall Church of the 
blissyd Trynite within the cittie of Dublin, John Bicardes Dean of 

Seynt 



38 Decree concerning the TolbolL 

Seynt Patrickis of Dublin, and John fitz Symon of Dublin merchaunt, 
arbitrours indeferently chosyn betwix the sayd parties. And the 
sayd arbitrours, by good and mature deliberacion, duly examyng all 
the forsayd contraversies and debates, and also the right, interest, 
title, and prowys of both the parties consernyng all and euery poynt 
of the premissis. Furst, do award and juge that the sayd parties shall 
rerayt and foryew vnto others all maner of rancores and displesures 
dependyng betwix them consernyng anny poynt of the premissis fro 
the begynyng of the world vnto the date herof. Item, also we 
award and juge that the mayr, balliwes, and comenys of the sayd 
cittie of Dubhn, and ther successores for euer, shall haw the jurisdic- 
cion and ordyrryng of the watyr that comys fro Doddyr vnto the 
forsayd cittie in as ample and as large maner as they shall devise or haw 
had in tyme past, the forsayd Abbot of Sejmt Thomas-Courtt and 
his conuent and ther successores for ever sydyng and assistyng the 
sayd mayr, ballifFes, and comenys and ther successores, all tymes con- 
venyent in as ample and as large maner as the forsayd Abbot of Sejmt 
Mary Abbay and Priour of Cristis Church and ther successores shall 
ayde and assist them, to bryng the sayd watyr in his ryght course, as 
hit hath gon of old tyme, as well vnto the sayd Abbot and conuent 
of Seynt Thomas-Courtys myllis as to the cittie, the sayd Abbot and 
conuent and ther successores for euer payng yerly out of all ther 
myllis, without anny contradiccion, vnto the keper of the watyr of the 
cittie for the tyme beyng eyght busselhs of corn, that ys to say, iiij 
peckes of whet and iiij peckes of malte of such as groys and commys of 
the profites of the sayd myllys. Item, also we the sayd arbitrours award 
and juge that the forsayd Abbott and conuent of Seynt Thomas- 
Court and ther successores for ever, in consyderacion that Thomas 
Holder, late predecessor vnto the sayd Abbot, nott only by the ad- 
wise of the Kyngis counsaill and the Kyngis commyssioners then 
beyng in Irland, but also by the adwise of his own conuent sub- 

myttyd 



Decree concerning the TolbolL 39 

myttyd themself vnto the award, arbytrjonent, and jugment of 
William Talbott, Walter Ewstace, Cristofer Vssher, and Nicholas 
Queytrot of Dublin, merchauntes, as consernyng the custom callyt 
TolboU which they pretendyt to lewy and percew of euery brewer 
within the cittie and the sayd iiij. worshipfull men takyng apon 
them the sayd arbitryment and jugment, as well att the request and 
intercession of the Kyngis counsaill and commyssyoners, as also att 
the request and desyr of the forsayd Abbot of Seynt Thomas-Court, ys 
predecessor, duly examyng many and dyverse tymys, to ther grett 
payn and labour, how the sayd custom callyt Tolboll had a begynyng 
or how or in what maner hit shold be payd, dyd yew a certayn 
award, decre, and jugment apon the sayd Tolboll, berryng date the 
vii^ day of December, the xvi^ yer of the reyng of Kyng Henry the 
viii^, which decre, award, and jugment we the sayd arbitrours award 
and juge that hit be well and truly accomplishyd and performyt for 
euer in euery poynt in hit comprisyd, as well of the sayd Abbot and 
conuent and ther successores parte, as also of the majrr, balliwes, and 
commonys and ther successores parte. Item, also we the sayd arbi- 
trours award and juge that the sayd Abbot and conuent, and ther 
successores for euer, shall haw ther bote to fysh apon the walyr of the 
cittie in like maner as the Abbot of Seynt Mary Abbay haw without 
anny contradiccion, so that the sayd Abbot and conuent, ne none of 
ther successores sill noo samon ne sett ther bott for halwys, but that 
all such fysh as ys takyn with ther bote goo allway to the vse and 
behoff of ther place, or els to be yewin and mynystrytt att the discres- 
sion of the Abbot for the tyme beyng. Item, also we, the sayd arbi- 
trours, award and juge that whensoeuer the mayr, balliflfes, and 
comenys of the sayd cittie of Dublin, or ther successores, ryde ther 
fraunches that they lew Waxamys gate and the hold Monasterii of 
Seynt Thomas-Court $pon ther right hand, and the forsayd Abbott 
and conuent, and ther successores for euer, apon a reysonable sob- 

monycion 



40 Decree concerning the TolbolL 

monycion or warnyng yewin vnto them by the mayr and ballywes 
for the tyme beyng, or by ther officeres, to make and prepar a way 
ouer ther mylpound by Wexamys gate, that the mayr, balliwes, and 
aldermen, with the swerdberrer and masbereres, may goo pesable afote 
without anny interuppcion throw the sayd Abbot and convent ys me- 
due, doyng as littill prejudex or hurtt vnto the sayd medue as they 
can, and all the vrplus of the sayd mayr and balliwes company to ryde 
and goo in the h}'way by. Item, also we the sayd arbitrours award 
and jiige that the forsayd Abbot and conuent of Seynt Thomas- 
Courtt, and ther successores for euer, shall haw the jurisdiccion, or- 
dirr}Tig, and correccion of all maner of trespaces and offences don 
and commyttyt within ther Abbay or came of Donouer, or within 
such howsis as they pretend to be of ther glebe, exsept all maner of 
pleys or thyngis that belongis or appertanys vnto our Souera)^ 
Lord the Kyngis coron, and to the langable of the sayd cittie, the 
mayr and ballywes for the tyme beyng, and ther successores for euer, 
callyng befor them as fale tymys and as oftyn as nede requir, such 
personis as dwell within or apon the sayd glebe or came, for anny 
maner of cause or matyr belongyng or appertaynyng vnto the coron. 
Item, also we the sayd arbitrours award and juge that the forsayd 
Abbott and convent, and ther successores for euer, shall allow and 
discharge the balliwes of the cittie of Dublin for the tyme beyng, and 
ther successores for euer, of xvj". and viij^ of currant mony of Irland, 
of the twenty merkes that ys due vnto them and ther successores 
apon the feferme of the cittie of Dublin by the Kyngis graunt, 
and that in consyderacion of ther good payment and of the grett 
payn and labour that the balliffes for the tyme beyng tak in getheryng 
and lewyng of the sayd xx** merkes by pety parcellis, as by pens iij*. 
iij ob. otherwise, and that the sayd Abbott and convent and ther 
successores for euer, say yerly euery tyme of the payment of the sayd 
mony, and in exspecially in die animarum in ther chapter house 

de 



Decree concerning the TolbolL 4^ 

de profundis ouer and abow the de prqfundis that they ar bound to 
say otherwise by ther ordyr or constitucionis, for the sowlys of our 
souerayn lord the Kjmgis noble progenitores, and for the sowlys of 
the mayres, bayll)rSe8, cittesentes, and comenys of the cittie of Dub- 
lin, and ther successores for euer. In wittenis that this ys our award 
indentyd betwix the sayd parties, we, the sayd arbitrours, hath sub- 
scribyt our namys, and for the mor proff putto our seallis the xx**" 
day of September, the xix yer of the reyng of our souerayn lord 
Kyng Henry the viii***. 

Copia vera. 



The preceding documents are printed from copies preserved 
in a MS. belonging to the Corporation of the City of Dublin 
(fol. 130, &c.), for the use of which the Irish ArchsBological Society is 
indebted to the Corporation, and particularly to William Ford, Esq., 
Town Clerk, who has, in the kindest manner, assisted two Members 
of the Society in their researches among the city muniments. The 
title on the back of the volume is, — Transcript' Chart.' &c. Civ.' 
Dublin.' — it is the same which Sir William Betham mentions as 
being called, — " Domesday Boke of Devylin Cittie." — Dignities, 
p. 256. 

The abbey of Saint Thomas the Martyr was founded in the latter 
part of the twelfth century, by William fitz Adelm, from whom the 
numerous families of de Burgh and Burke are descended. The site 
of the ancient abbey is now occupied by the court-house of the manor 
of Thomas-Court and Donore. 

In 1 2 1 2, a controversy arose between the abbeys of St Thomas 
and St Mary, concerning the custom of ale and methe granted by 
John Earl of Morton, when a decree in favour of the former was 
given — Archdall, p. 188; and an Inquisition dated loth August, 2 

IBISH ABCH. sec. MISCELL. VOL. I. G JamCS 



42 Decree concerning the TolbolL 

James I. finds, that James Cotterell, the last abbott of St Thomas, 
had the right of a flaggon of ale out of every brewing in the town of 
Leixlip, county of Kildare. — Archdall, p. 794. 

Commissioners were sent over from England in 1524, to compose 
the differences between the Earl of Ormond, Lord Deputy, and the 
Earl of Kildare, and to adjust other smaller matters — State Papers, 
H. 8. Vol. n. Pt. IIL p. 104 — one of which was the difference be- 
tween the abbot of St. Thomas and the city of Dublin, as set forth 
in the preceding award. 

The abbot in his bill of complaint stated that the TolboU was 
granted by John when he was King of England; it appears, however, 
that the grant was made when he was only lord of Ireland. The 
charters of John, alluded to in the commissioners' award, are sub- 
joined, copied literally from the "Chartae, Privilegia, et Immunitates," 
ninety-two pages of which were printed by the late Record Commis- 
sion, but not published. In the margin they are said to be "E. Chart. 
Dom. S. Tho. Mart, f 2 1 . d." which is probably the roll compiled in 
the time of Henry VIII. from the original charters, and now in the 
possession of the Earl of Meath, to whose ancestors a great portion 0/ 
the possessions of the monastery of Thomas-Court was granted. — 
Hardiman's Statute of Kilkenny, p. 28, note. 

De Consuetudinibus Cervisiae et Medonis in Tahernis Dublin . 

Monasterio S. Thomae Martiris concessis, 

Johannes filius domini regis Anglie et dominus Hibemie archie- 
piscopis episcopis abbatibus comitibus baronibus justiciariis constabu- 
lariis et omnibus ballivis suis de tota Hibemia salutem . Sciatis me 
pro salute anime mee et antecessorum meorum dedisse et concessisse 
et hac presenti carta mea confirmasse Deo et ecclesie Sancti Thome 
Dublin et canonicis ibidem servientibus in puram et perpetuam ele- 

mosinam 



Decree concerning the Tolboll 43 

mosinam consuetudinem cervisie et medonis quam consuevi habere 
in tabemis Dublin . Quare volo et firmiter precipio quod predicta 
ecclesia et predicti canonici habeant et teneant predictam consuetu- 
dinem in predictis tabemis bene et in pace libere et quiete integre 
et plenarie et honorifice cum omnibus ejus pertinenciis sicut eam 
unquam melius habui . Testibus . Johanne Narescallo . Willelmo Ma- 
rescallo . Berteram de Werdun . Gillelmi Pipar . G. de Costetin . Ro- 
gero de Danes . et Alexandro Arsic. 

De decima Cervisiae e Tabemis Dublin . habendae S. Thomae 

Martiris Monasterio concessa. 

Johannes filius domini regis Anglie et dominus Hibemie ballivis 
suis de Hibemia salutem . Sciatis me dedisse Deo et canonicis beati 
Thome de Dublin decimam cervisie quam habeo ex consuetudine de 
tabemis de Dublin ad sustentacionem ipsorum canonicorum . Et ideo 
firmiter precipio quod ipsi eam habeant et teneant bene et in pace 
et integre . Teste . fratre Ricardo elemosinario meo apud Windesores. 



NOTES. 



Poffe 35, line 18. 

The words "prowy . . ne rerryt" probably mean "proved nor raised," for in the 
Glossary to the State Papers of Ireland, rere is said to signify " to raise." The word 
is now spelt rear, and is still in use. 

Poffe 40, line 15. 

" Langable," or " landgable," was a tribute which was collected from farms and 
estates—one penny from each house. — Spdman^e Gloss, sub voce, 

A. S. 

G2 Akt. 



44 Pedigree of Doctor Domnick Lynch. 



* _ 

Art. IV. The Pedigree of Doctor Domnick Lynch, Regent of the 
Colledge of St Thomas ofAquin, in the City of Seville, A. D. 
1 674, yrom a coeval MS. 

KNOW all men [to] whom it may appertain that wee the Rector, 
Coimcellors and Religious of the Colledge of Saint Thomas of 
Aquin of this City of Seville, which is of the ordre of our holy father 
St. Domnick, viz. fa: Michel de Mendosa Doctor and Rector, fa: Ga- 
briel Vaquerito, fa: Peter Barrero, fa: Jasper Ninno, fa: Francis 
Zimenes Councellor, fa: Bartholomew Bravo Councellour, fa: Peter 
de Queto, fa: Francis Torregrosa, fa: John Jaimes, fa: John Gonio, 
fa: Bernard Latano, fa: Francis Suniga, fa: John de Sancto Thomas ; 
all religious professed, being assembled in our chapter hale, thereunto 
called by ringing of the bell as the custom with us is, and in the name 
of the other Religious that actually are or shall chance to be of the 
said colledge, in whose behalf wee give full and sufficient caution of 
their acquiescing to this present writing, and to what ever shall be 
don in vertu therof, and that they will not contradict it, but will t($ 
the contrary ratifie and approve it ; and in manner of asseurance of 
said caution and surety wee do oblidge and ingadge the goods and 
rents of this Colledge spiritual and temporall, as well what wee have 
at present, as what wee may have for the future : do authorise and 
acknowledge to give full power and authority, what in law is required 
and thought necessary, to the Reverend father Francis de Ayora of 
the said ordre and CoUegial of said Colledge, for to go in our names 
into the kingdoms of England, Ireland, and Scotland, and to what- 
somever other places it will be thought fitt, and that he makes the 
due informations of the pedigree, life, and behaveiour of Doctor 
Domnick Lynch, religious of said ordre and elected Regent of said 
Colledge, and to that end that he makes the ordinary interrogations 

and 



Pedigree of Doctor Domnick Lynch 45 

and demands, and that he calls before himself the wittnesses that will 
be presented, and will examen them according to said interrogations, 
questioning them upon their case of knowledge, their age, and their 
employments, and whence they be citizens and natives, and whether 
the general demands ordained by the law tuches them : and that 
those that say to know what they are demanded, must tell how they 
came by to know it : and that those that say to have heard it only, 
will tell from whom, how, and when : and that those that say they 
believe so and dos not doubt of it, will tell by what reason they 
believe so : making in the same manner what other demands he will 
think fitt, in such kind that each one of the witnesses shall give suf- 
ficient reason of his sayings and depositions, and will bring and com- 
mitt to this coUedge the said informations sealed and signed, for to 
be made use of, as will be thought fitting. For all the forementioned, 
and for to make the acts and inquirys that will be thought expedient 
in regard of the afforesaid, we give him this power with a free and 
general administration and faculty for to substitut, recall substituts, 
and name others in their place, in all which wee discharge him 
•according to law, and for further surety wee do hereby ingadge the 
goods and rents of said Colledge both present and to come. This act 
was made in the said CoUedges Chapter hale in Seville the thir- 
teenth day of May, 1674. 

Wherfore, I notarie publick, do acknowledge and confesse to know 
fiillwell, that all said religious persons signed this present act, being 
present as witness Balthasar Lopez Albaran, and Joseph Yuste, clerk 
of Seville. 

I delivered said copie written in a leaf of the oflSce paper the day 
above mentioned. In wittness my hand. 

We the undernamed do certifie that Sebastian Lopez Albarran 
who signed the afforesaid instrument is a publick clerk of Seville, 
and has given and gives full faith and credit in judgement to other 

writings 



46 Pedigree of Doctor Domnick Lynch, 

writings and acts which were made before him. Seville, the thir- 
teenth day of May, 1674. 

In the town of Gralway the second of September of this present 
year 1 674, I was shewen a book in folio, four fingers thick, a manu- 
script in English which is said to belong to the chapter of said 
town, where they were wont to write the antiquities and most re- 
markable things that happened in said town of Galway. Likwis, I 
declare to have seen a written paper in Lattin which is said to be a 
true copie of the afforesaid book, out of which were drawn the fol- 
lowing heads. 

Anno Incamationis Dominicse 1280, quo extructum fuit monaste- 
rium Franciscanorum in Insula Sancti Stephani per D. Guilielmum 
de Burgo equitem auratum ; filius natu minimus Domini Lyncaei de 
Knock prope Dublinum, venit in Conaciam, et in uxorem duxit imi- 
cam filiam et hasredem Domini Marischalli ; unde traxerunt omnes 
Lyncsei Galvienses. 

Primum opus in ea urbe fuit prope magnam portam erectam per 
Dominum Nicolaum Lyncseum Marischallum nigrum, anno Domini 
1312. 

Anno Domini 1442, magnus, ac sane magnificus pons supra Cor- 
bium fluvium extructus fuit per Dominum Edmundum Lyncseum, 
Thomas filium, vidgo dictum en tuane, idque suis simiptibus et 
expensis. 

Anno Domini 1485, Dominicus niger Lyncaeus impetravit et ex 
Anglia secum detulit htteras patentes Henrici Septimi Eegis nostri, 
quibus concedebatur civibus Galviensibus potestas eligendi e suo 
corpore quotannis majorem seu pretorem qui urbi praesit pro eo 
anno. Et primus major nominatus in dictis litteris fuit D. [Petrus] 
Lyncaeus, frater junior praefati Dominici, et sequentes trig[mto] ma- 
jores (quatuor tantummodo exceptis) fuerunt ex [LynccBts]. Imo 
bene inspecto magistratuum libro, invenimus ex solis Lyncaeis fuisse 

majores 



Pedigree of Doctor Domnick Lynch. 47 

majores tot, quot ex omnibus aliis tribubus seu familiis Galviensibus, 
Anglis simul et Hibemis computatis, (tredecim solum exceptis). 

Hoc eodem anno 1485, ecclesia parrochialis Sancti Nicolai 
ejusdem urbis, facta fuit collegiata Bull4 PontificiH ad id impetrat4, 
per praefatum Dominicum nigrum LjmcaBum, et ejus filium Stepha- 
num Lyncaeum : quae ecclesia collegiata regitur per unum Wardia- 
num seu custodem, qui quotannis a civibus eligitur. Ejusdem autem 
Dominici est donum ipsum collegium, cui etiam donavit tres domos 
marmoreas in ipsa urbe sitas, cujus etiam sumptibus asdificata fuit ala 
meridionalis dictae ecclesia^ coUegiatae Sancti Nicolai a pinnaculo 
usque ad sacellum B. Marias Virginis, uti et porta orientalis dictae 
ecclesias, omnia ex solido marmore. 

Dominus Jacobus LjmcaBus filius Stephani suis simiptibus aedifi- 
cari curavit cborum templi Beatissimas Virginis in occidentali parte 
urbis Galviensis. Idem suis quoque sumptibus omari fecit templum 
collegiatum Sancti Nicolai fenestris vitreis bene sumptuoseque pictis 
anno Domini 1493. 

Qui etiam Jacobus filium suum homicidii et violatas fidei eidem 
extraneo datae reimi, sine ulla alia juris forma e propriae domus fenes- 
tra suspendit, memorabili exemplo sincerae fidelitatis posteris relicto. 

Anno Domini 1 500, dum in partibus ultramarinis ageret Dominus 
Stephanus Ljmcaeus filius Dominici, Margarita Athy ejus uxor aedi- 
ficare ccepit monasterium Sancti Augustini in monte urbi vicino. 
Idemque Dominus Stephanus domum reversus inchoatum opus per- 
fecit, multisque praediis ditavit ; praefata vero Margarita ad corpus 
Sancti Jacobi in [ Oallicia] peregrinationem instituit, ivissetque ad 
terram Sanctam nisi [mortcUitas] pium devotae fceminaB desiderium 
inturbasset 

[Annol Domini 1504, idem Stephanus hospitale, seu domum 
[religios]}xm in ipsa urbe fundavit, dotavitque. 

Anno Domini 1 5 1 o, Dominus Jacobus Lyncaeus Stephani filius 

suis 



48 Pedigree of Doctor Domnick Lynch. 

siiis sumptibus asdificavit sacelliun Sancti Jacobi in novo Castro prope 
urbem. 

Anno Domini 1513, domus pauperum religiosarum prope ec- 
clesiam Sancti Nicolai, quae nunc ad sorores tertii ordinis Sancti 
Francisci spectat, donum est D. Walterii Lyncaei, ubi et ipsius quoque 
filia pi^ religios^que vixit. 

Anno Domini 1529, Dominus Eicardus Lyncaeus statuit et in 
morem induxit ut naves omnes portum Galviensem intrantes, quae 
aliquem ex Lyncaeis veherent, ad rupem nigram ut vocant, tormenta 
majora exploderent, eaque consuetudo adhuc viget. 

Anno Domini 1541, D. Thomas Lyncaeus erexit ac fundavit 
sacellum Sanctae Brigide in suburbiis orientalibus, et hospitale ei 
annexum pro sustentatione civium ad extremam necessitatem redac- 
torum : pro quibus etiam erigebatur subsidium a qualibet domo sin- 
gulis diebus Dominicis. 

Anno Domini 1557, D. Jacobus Lyncaeus junior, pro eo anno 
urbis major, suis pecuniis extrui fecit partem orientalem domus ci- 
vicas. 

Anno Domini 1561, D. Nicolaus magnus Lyncaeus magnificum 
sane opus erexit in ecclesia coUegiata Sancti Nicolai contiguum, et 
conjunctum operi ab avo suo olim extructo, cui turrim addidit in 
parte meridionali templi, organis et majore campana instructam, cujus 
etiam clavim ipse servabat, et haec omnia suis sumptibus. 

Anno Domini 1580, D. Dominicus LyncaBus filius Joannis filii 
Arturi partem occidentalem domus civicas suis sumptibus erexit 
Scholam etiam in qua omnes pueri gratis docerenter erexit ac funda- 
vit in loco commodo mari vicino, ubi jam est propugnaculum pro 
urbis defensione. Idem quoque certam pecuniae summam per modum 
vectigalis percipiebat ex omnibus rebus comestibilibus, quae aut hie 
in urbe vindebantur, aut e regno asportabantur. 

The 



Pedigree of Doctor Domnick Lynch. 49 

The above Testimony rendered into English, 

In the year of our Lord 1280, was built by Sir William Burk the 
convent of the Franciscans, in the island of Saint Stephen, at which 
time the youngest son of Mr. Lynch of Knock, near Dublin, came to 
Connaught, and took to wife the only daughter and heiress of the 
Lord Marshal, whence all the Lynches of Galway are come and 
lineally descended. 

The first work done in that city was near the great gate, and that 
by Mr. Nicolas Lynch, the black Marshal, in the year of our Lord 
1312. 

In the year 1442, Mr. Edmond Lynch fitz Thomas, commonly 
called en tuanCy has built at his own cost and charges the great 
bridge of Galway on the river of Lockcorb. 

In the year 1485, Mr. Dominick Lynch, commonly called black 
Dominick, gott a grant from King Henry the seventh of letters patents 
for the citizens of Galway, authoriseing a yearly election out of their 
body and corporation of a maior of the town, for to be their head and 
chieftain for that year : and the first maior by vertu of said patents 
was Mr. Peter Lynch, brother to said Domnick, and the thirty fol- 
lowing maiors were all Lynches, except four only. But what is most 
remarkable is this, that, as it plainly appaires by said registers, there 
were as many Ljmches maiors of Galway as of all the otherwhole tribes 
of the city, both Irish and English (thirteen only over and above). 

In the same year 1485, the parish church of Galway, called St. 
Nicolas' church, was made a collegial church by the pope's bulls at 
the request of Domnick Lynch, called black Domnick, and his son 
Stephen Lynch. Said collegial church has a warden for to command 
in it, who is yearly chosen by the corporation. It was said Domnick 
that founded also the colledge, and bestowed uppon it three statly 
houses of marble within the walls of the town. It was he likewise 

IRISH ABCH. SOC. MISCELL. VOL. I. II that 



50 Pedigree of Doctor Domnick Lynch. 

that built the south wing of said church towards the chappel of the 
blessed virgin, and so did build the east door of said church of pure 
marble. 

Mr. James Lynch fitz Stephen built on his own cost and charges 
the quier of our blessed Lady's church in the west of Gkilway, and 
has most sumptiously adorned with glass windows the said church of 
Saint Nicolas in the year of Christ 1493. I* "^^ ^^^ James that 
gott his own son hanged out of one of the windowes of his house for 
having committed murther and broaken trust towards a st[r]anger, 
for to be an example of sincere fidelity to all posterity. 

Li the year 1 500, whelst Stephen Lynch fitz Domnick was beyond 
seas, his beloved wife Margaret Athey began to build the convent of 
Saint Augustin in fort hill, which said Stephen after his retume 
home has finished, and endewed with rents and several lands. This 
was the Margaret that made a solemn pilgrimage to visit the body of 
Saint James in Spaine in the province of Gallicia, and was to go 
to the Holy Land, but that she fell sick. 

In the year 1504, said Stephen has founded a hospital in said 
town. 

In the year 1 5 1 o, James Lynch fitz Stephen built uppon his own 
cost and charges the chappel of Saint James in the new fort, hardby 
the city. 

In the year of Grace 1513, the house for the poor and religious 
women that is hardby Saint Nicolas his church, and now belonging to 
the nuns of the third order of Saint Francis, was given by Walter 
Lynch, and had his daughter a vertuous religious woman in it, where 

she dyed. 

In the year 1529, Mr. Bichard Lynch established a custom that 
all ships with a Lynch in any of them that intered into the haven of 
Galway, shou'd shoot their great cannons at their passing by the black 
rock, and this is observed to this very day. 

In 



Pedigree of Doctor Domnick Lynch. 51 

In 1 54 1, Mr. Thomas Lynch founded the chappel of Saint Brigid 
in the east suburbs of the town, together with a hospital just by it 
for the maintenance of such of the citizens as should happen to be 
reduced : for whom there was wont to be made every Sunday a pub- 
lick begging out of each house. 

In 1 557, Mr. James Lynch the younger being maior built the east 
part of the town house on his own cost and charges. 

In 1 56 1, Nicolas more Lynch made a very sumptuous work near 
that of his grandfathers in the said church of Galway, and also made 
a belfry or turret in the south side with a pear of organs and a great 
bell, whose key was allwais left in his own custody: all uppon his 
own propre cost and charges. 

In 1580, Mr. Domnick Lynch son to John Lynch fitz Arthur 
built the west side of the town house on his own cost and charges. 
He founded in like manner a free school for schollers in a very com- 
modious place near the sea side, in the place of the now fort. It was 
he that had a kind of rent or tax out of every thing transported or 
bought in the town of Galway. 

And saw the said book which was presented unto me by the Re- 
verend fa: William Burke of the order of Preachers, Prior of a con- 
vent of their order in said town, and elected Provincial of their order 
in Ireland, who after conferring with it the said copy in my presence, 
said and protested in verho sacerdotis, that the said copie was faith- 
fully drawn out of several chapters of said book, and so signed before 
me a publick clerk the same day, month and year as above. 

r. William Burke. 

f . Francisco de Ayora not°. Apostolico. 

In the said town of Galway, said day, month and year, there 
came before me notary Apostolick, divers wills and testaments very 
ancient, written in lattin and in parchement, which were made or 

H 2 caused 



52 Pedigree of Doctor Domnick Lynch, 

caused to be made by the ancestors of said fa: Domnick Lynch, by 
which wills and testaments, its clearly demonstrated that the ances- 
tors of said fa : Domnick Lynch lived and dyed in the Catholick 
faith. And likewise one of said testaments and wills has been ap- 
proved and confirmed by a provincial Council heald in Galway in 
the year of Christ 1520, signed and sealed by seven Bishops. I have 
seen also an other testament of the year 1482, made by Mr. Martin 
Lynch, whereby he ordained himself to be buried in the tomb that 
lays in the Chappel of the Blessed Virgin in St. Nicolas his church, 
and has left as legacy to said chappel 3 houses, as doth appear by 
the testament ; where is seen also how he left legacies to seventy tow 
Convents of Religious through out the whole kingdom of belaud, 
naming each place and convent He has in like manner left legacies 
to the Wardian and all the Clergimen of the town, and all the Con- 
vents and each rehgious in it in particular. He made also a consider- 
able legacie for to be given as portions to several young women of 
birth of said town, all which appears by the testament to be true. In 
witness whereof I subscribe. Gralway, the day, month and year, 
above mentioned. 

r. Francisco de Ayora Notario Apostolico. 

Nicolas. 

Wardian. 

Clergimen. 

I Francis de Ayora CoUegial of the great colledge of Saint Tho- 
mas of Seville, made Notary A postolick for to make the informations 
and proofs of the genealogie of the R"* fa: Domnick Lynch Regent 
elect of said colledge : do acknowledge and testifie that in the church 
of Saint Nicolas of the town of Galway in the province of Connaught 
and kingdom of Ireland, there is in the cheef place of the great chap* 
pel of said church a window with glasses of divers coulors whereon 

there 



Pedigree of Doctor Domnick Lynch, 53 

there are painted different scutchons and armes, and in the upper 
parte of said window there are represented on said glasses the armes 
of the Lynches ; and also in said great chappel at the Epistle's side 
there are scutchons in a stone level with the wall of a yard long and 
of the same height it seems, wheron there are the said armes, which 
are the only that appears in it And likewise in said church there 
is a bigg chappel sidewise to the great chappel, wherein by the wall 
side there is a tombe a yard and a half over the ground, which takes 
upp the breadth of the chappel, matter of 14 or 15 yards it seems. 
It's made of black marble, and on it there appears the armes of the 
Ljmches. Under said tombe there is a great level stone stuck in the 
wall, whereon there is written the Epitaph following — Stirpe clarus, 
amor militum, terror inimicorum, aetate juvenis, senex virtutibus, 
mundo non dignus excitatur ad ccelum 14 Martii anno Domini 1644. 
Martinus Lynch. 

And likewise in the cheef doors of said church, and several other 
places both within it and abroad, there are said armes and no other. 
They are seen in lik manner on the bridge and on the walls of the 
town, and on several houses and publick places of it. Li wittness 
wherof I do herby subscribe, Galway the seventh day and month of 
September 1674. 

Martinus Lynch interlined is good. 

fr: Francisco Ayoba Not°. Apostolico. 

In the town of Gkilway the seventh day of September 1 674, I 
the undernamed Notary for to make the information of the purity of 
the genealogie of the R**. fa: Domnick Lynch, do acknowledge to have 
received the depositions of his Grace James Lynch Archbishop of 
Tuam and Metropolitan of the province of Connaught in this king- 
dom of Ireland, and having read to his Grace the demands made to 
the other witnesses. 

To 



54 Pedigree of Doctor Domnick Lynch. 

To the first question he answered that he knows the R^ fa: 
Domnick Lynch, and was present at the act he sustained for to be- 
come master of arts in the royal convent of Saint Paul of Seville, and 
that he dos not remember to have seen his parents, or any of his 
predecessors ; but knows perfectly well that they were all natives of 
this town for many ages past, and that they had their dwelling and 
mansion houses in said city, as some of the most considerable citizens 
and inhabitans of it, altho' it be true that in the same time Mr. Peter 
Ljmch father to our fa: Domnick Lynch has lived abroad in the 
country in a place called Sruell (whence he was commonly called 
Mr. Peter Lynch of Sruell) with much splendor, honour and repute 
of hospitality, tho' great soever were the persons that passed by, re- 
ceiving them all and treating them with all manner of curtisy and 
hospitality, both the nobler and meaner sort, whether ecclesiastick 
or laick, as marqueses, earls, viscounts, barons, knights, loyers &c: 
and the Lords Judges, whom he treated twice a year most splen- 
didly, as also the now lord Due of Ormond. All this he attested as 
known by publick report. 

To the 2**** demande he says that allthow he be a relation to said 
father Domnick Lynch, yett does not pretend to say, only the truth, 
what he knows, and what he heard say before God and his con- 
science, and that he is about five and forty years old. 

To the 3"* question he made answer that he knows full-well that 
said fa : Domnick Lynch is a lawfull son of said parents of a lawf uU 
marriage, and that he alwaies knew him to be so, for having been 
allwais acknowledged and bread by them in that quality with the rest 
of their children in the places they lived during said marriage cele- 
brated in the face of our Holy Mother the Church, and that he never 
heard any thing to the contrary. 

To the 4'** demand he says that said father Domnick Lynch, his 
parents, and forefathers are ancient Catholicks, pure and unspotted, 

and 



Pedigree of Doctor Domnick Lynch. S5 

and that said parents and forefathers were ever reputed and had for 
the same in said town and elsewhere, without ever having heard any 
thing to the contrary, and that if there were any thing to the contrary 
he should have known of it, and consequently wou'd declare it. So 
that there can be no doubt but the ancestors of said family were all- 
wais pure and unspotted Catholicks, and that never any of said race 
forsook the Koman Catholick religion ever since the time of Henry 
the eight in the year of our Lord 1532 ; no not from the time of Saint 
Patrick about the year 400 ; in such sort that ever since untill this 
very day they conserved the true Roman Catholick faith. And in 
proof of their constancie the Lynches as well as several other fami- 
lies of said town of Galway, together with the loss of their goods and 
rents, were contented to quitt the very town they founded themselves, 
having surrounded it with great walls, and embellished it with 
churches and statly houses upon their own cost and charges. And 
in like manner were forced to forfitt their priviledges and liberties 
for to be natives and freemen of said town, and to have only right to 
be members of the senat or townhouse, of the chapter and magistrat, 
and such other honourable posts of the town. All which they suffer 
for not intering into communication of the protestant religion with 
those that govern at present. And the last maior of said town who 
was a Lynch has been deprived of his office with much ignominie, 
altho' he took it as a great honour to be so persecuted for the love 
of Jesus. He also was deprived of his whole revenues, goods and 
houses in said town in 1652, when the romp parlement became mas- 
ter of it, after a whole years sige at the cost and charges of the towns- 
men, who never surrendered themselves, untill they had express 
orders from their king and Prince to surrender. At which time the 
parents of said Domnick Lynch lost all that they had, and were ex- 
cluded (as all the rest of the inhabitants were) from all manner of 
imployments both in the town and throughout all the kingdom, for 

being 



56 Pedigree of Doctor Domnick Lynch, 

being Catliolicks ; forced for to see others possess their ancient estats 
and goods, or else embrace their new religion, which they wou'd 
never do. So that it can not be at all doubted of said persons and 
familys, but that they are most pure and unspotted, and most firme 
and constant in the Catholick faith, scilicet : 

Scilicet ut fulvum spectatur in ignibus aurum, 
tempore sic duro est inspicienda fides. 

To the 5'^ demand he made answer that he knows, and that it is 
most constant, that said fa: Domnick Lynch or any of his forefathers 
for more than 4 generations had not any mean or vile employment ; 
for it is remarked of said town that none of its cheef families has 
ever applyed himself, or were permitted to apply themselves, to any 
base or mean office. Wherefore their constancy in the Catholick 
faith is what tliey are scorned for, and what hinders them to have 
any access to any honourable employment, who were the only in 
times past that were capable of the like offices, amongst whom (be- 
sides several other honourable employments and offices they kept) 
said archbishop knew 3 bishops of tlie Lynches of this town, and 
one Kirovan w^ho banished for the faith dyed in France the year 
1654, a very renowned man both for his singular vertue and pro- 
found learning, as it appears by his Ufe in print, and the veneration 
he is in the place of his burial at Reinnes in Britanny. One Walter 
Lynch also was dean of Tuam and Wardian of the coUegial church 
of said town of Galway, and afterwards vicar general apostolick of 
said see of Tuam, whence he was promoted to the bishoprick of 
Clunfert^ he was Doctor of Divinity and of both laws, and an earnest 
stickler of the priviledges of the see Apostolick in the time of the 
Nuncio extraordinary D. John Baptista Kebucino Prince of Finnano 
&o. tlie year 1 648. Likewise the Dean and Ardideacon of Tuam 
that were before the now ones, were two Lynches, whom said arch- 
bishop 



Pedigree of Doctor Domnick Lynch. 57 

bishop knew. He knows also Doctor James Fallon, Vicar-general 
Apostolick of the cathedral church of Killala, and Doctor Charles 
Fallon, Provost of said cathedral of Killala, both relations of said fa : 
Domnick Ljmch. And Doctor Michel Lynch, Vicar-general Aposto- 
lick of the cathedrall church of Kilmacdough and named bishop. 
And knows allso fa: Stephen Lynch of the order of St. Augustin 
who was Provincial of his order, and now is Prior of Dublin; and fa: 
Nicholas Lynch of the order of Preachers, well known throughout 
Spain, France and in Rome, for his rare qualities and talents ; he 
was Provincial of his order in L:^land and Vicar-general Apostolick 
of Scotland. And fa: Richard Lynch of the society of Jesus, Profes- 
sor ofDivinityin the university of Salamanca, and fa: Stephen Lynch 
of the order of S^ Francis, now Guardian of the Irish Franciscan 
Convent at Rome, called mons aureus. All whom he knows to be 
relations of said fa: Domnick Ljmch, and cou'd name several others 
of the same family of the Lynches who flourished in vertue and learn- 
ing for many adges, as is known throughout all Europe. 

There were also from time to time several of said family that 
were renow[n]ed for their warlik faits and posts of distinction in the 
warr. And as yett there be some of them alive, as Morish Lynch, 
major-general, a man of as great courage and experience as any in 
the whole kingdom, for having distinguished himself very much in 
the last wars, which the nation maintained for the space often years 
against the enemys of true religion, their king, and coniry. He knew 
likwise Nicolas Lynch that served in Italy under his Catholick ma- 
jesty Philipp the 4^** in quality of a major-general, where he gained 
such credit and fame that he gott the title of generalisme : and major- 
general John Bourk, that served in this province aganst the Parle- 
mentarians, and took with all the fort of Galway, in the year 42 and 
43. He heard also much spoak of the old marshal duff*, or black 
marshal, of the family of the Lynches, very famous in those partes 
with the name of lieutenant-general. 

IBISU ABCH. 8OC. MISCELL. VOL. I. I Aud 



58 Pedigree of Doctor Domnick Lynch. 

And likwise in all times there were many generals, major-gene- 
rals, and several other famous officers, as the common report is. 

There were likwise throughout all ages, many of the Lynches 
and other familys of said tOMm of Galway, related to said fa: Dom- 
nick Lynch, that were imployed in the supreme council and cheef 
govemement of this kingdom, whereof one was Sir Robert Lynch, 
Barronet, Councellour of the Province of Connaught, and of the 
whole kingdom, and member of the parlement, whose speech to the 
members of parlement was commanded to be printed for its pro- 
found erudition and elegance. Andrew Lynch, Bishop of Kill- 
finoury, Walter Lynch, Bishop of Climfert, Fra[n]cis Kirwan, Bishop 
of Killala, Richard Martin, Patrick Darcy, Lords Chief Justices, Sir 
Ricliard Blake, Greoffry Brown, all relations of said fa: Domnick 
Lynch, and councellours of this kingdom. 

Likwise several of the said family of the Lynches of Galway 
were affianced to the most famous families of the province of Con- 
naught : one of them being married [to the Earl of Clanricard, chief 
lord of Connaught; another called — erewerf], Elizabeth L3mch was 
married to O'Saghnissy, a head of a noble family and lord of many 
vassals, and the chiefest for antiquity and nobility in all the parts 
where he has his mansion-house. Another lady of the Lynches, now 
living, by the name of Leonora Lynch, daughter of Sir Robert Lynch, 
Barronet, is marryed to the second brother of said Lord O'Saghnissy, 
and her brother Sir Henry Lynch, Barronet, was marryed to the 
eldest daughter of the Lord of Mayo, which is the second chief 
creation in the province. Another relation of his of the Lynches 
was marryed to one of the heads of the family of the O'Flahertys, a 
lord of several lands, tenements, and vassels. Another lady of the 
Lynches was marryed to Sir Terence O'Brien, Barronet, son to the 
Earl of Tumond, in the province of Munster, the noblest lord of 
those parts, and one of the very chief of the whole kingdom, being 

in 



Pedigree of Doctor Domnick Lynch. 59 

in a direct line of the Royal families of Ireland. From which mar- 
riages and several others with persons of note, there are a great many 
of the chiefest qtiality now living descended ; so that it can not be 
denyed, but the Lynches are related to the chief qualifyed persons, 
and best blood of the whole province. 

He knows also, that one Lynch being maior of said town, having 
heard that his son broak his word with a stranger, gott him imme- 
diatly hanged out of one of the windows of his house, for an example 
to posterity. And this is publicked belived throxighout all the pro- 
vince. 

To the sixth demand he says, that he never knew or heard that 
said fa: Domnick Lynch, or any of his forefathers for several gene- 
rations, were ever chastised by any ecclesiastical or secular authority. 

To the seventh he made answer, that all that he averred is and 

was allway the pubhck voice and fame, and common opinion in this 

town and elsewhere, in witness whereof he has signed and sealed 

before me, the said publick notarie, the day, month, and year above 

mentioned. 

fr: Fbancisco Ayora, Notario Apostolico. 

In the town of Galway, the 27 th day of August, 1674, there ap- 
peared before me Daniel Nelly, viccar, curate, and coUegial of the 
parish church of Saint Nicolas in Galway, father Francisco de 
Ayora, Collegial, as he says, of the great colledge of Saint Thomas in 
Seville, and inquired of me to shew him the books wherein were 
registered all the christened persons in said church, having need of 
it for the further proof and authority of the inquiry he was to make : 
wheruppon I answered him, that said books or registers, both old and 
new, has been in my custody and care untill the year 1652, when out 
of fear they should be burned or abused by the ennemys, I gave 
them in keeping to a certain person in this town, by whose negU- 

1 2 gence 



6o Pedigree of Doctor Domnick Lynjch. 

gence they were lost ; so that ever since there were no registers kept 
of the baptismes that were made in said town by the Catholick 
churchmen for fear of the hereticks. And so asked me whether I 
wou*d testifie all that I said, which I said I wou'd, and so do on the 
word of a priest, acknowledgeing all that I said to be tnia In 
wittness whereof I subscribe, the day, month, [and] year as above. 

Daniel Nelly, Vicar and Curat. 

The Informations. 

In the town of Galway, province of Connaught, and kingdom of 
Ireland, the 28th of the month of August, 1674, I Francisco de 
Ayora, Collegia! of the great colledge of Saint Thomas in the city of 
Seville, of the order of Saint Domnick, being constituted and or- 
dained Notary Apostolick by the reverend fathers the rector and 
councellours of said colledge by vertue of letters patents which they 
granted me, and being come with a special power and authority from 
said colledge, for to make the informations and proofs of the pure- 
ness of the genealogie of the family of fa: Domnick Lynch, father 
professed of said order, and chosen Regent of said colledge for to go 
on in said infonnation, I intend to examen the wittnesses by the 
following interrogations and demands. 

Interrogations. 
The first Demand. 

If they knew father Domnick Lynch, father professed of the 
order of Saint Domnick, Mr. Peter Lynch and Mary Skerret his 
parents ; Peter Lynch and Mary Earwan his grandfather and grand- 
mother, by the mother's side ; and if they know that all the said 
persons and each of them are natives of this town, and that they 
had their house and livings in it asxitizens and inhabitans, without 
liaving known or heard any thing to the contrary. 

Second 



Pedigree of Doctor Domnick Lynch^ 6i 

Second Demand. 

If they know that a wittnese ought to know the general demands 
that are wont to be made, to witt, whether he be a relation, a friend, 
or a declared ennemy of the fathers, grandfathers, or relations of the 
person in question, or of any one of them, whether he was suborned, 
induced, compelled, or threatned from saying the truth of what he 
knows ; or whether he cloaks or dissembles the truth, answering 
with such equivocal expressions and double sense, that the truth 
can not be precisely known, and llkwise that the wittnesses ought 
to tell the age he has. 

Third Demand. 

If they know that said Domnick Lynch is a lawfull son of said 
parents of a lawfull marriage, and whether acknowledged allwais to 
be so, and bread and nourished by them in their own house during 
said marriage, according [to] the rites and ceremonies of our mother 
the Catholick Church, without having heard any thing to the con- 
trary. 

Fourth Demand. 

If they know or heard say, that said Domnick Lynch, or any of 
his said parents or grandfathers by the father or mother's side, are 
or were not ancient Christians, without any mixture of a Turkish 
race, of Jewes, of publick penetents, or new converts ; and if they 
be ancient Christians and unspotted, as it's said : in such sorte as 
that he never heard say any thing to the contrary ; and that if any 
thing shou'd be to the contrary, he shou'd certainly have known of 
it, as a thing that cou'd not but come to his knowledge for his spe- 
cial acquaintance with all the principal familys of said town. 

Fifth 



62 Pedigree of Doctor Domnick Lynch. 

Fifth Demand. 

If they know or heard say that said father Domnick Lynch, or 
any of his forefathers for at least four generations, had any mean or 
base employment for which they were, or might have been, hindered 
from enjoying the honourable offices and employments of the chapter 
of this town, &c. 

Sixth Demand, 

If they knew or heard say, that said father Domnick Lynch, or 
any of his predecessors for at least four generations, made publick 
pennance, or were infamously chastised by any ecclesiastical or se- 
cular justice : Lett them say what they know, &c. 

M'- Daniel Nelly, Curat and Vicar of Galway. 

Seventh Demand, 

If they know that all that they have said and deposed is and all- 
wais has been the publick voice and fame, and common opinion of 
this town, without having ever heard any thing to the contrary : 
Lett them them say what they know, &c. 



In the town of Galway said day, month, and year, there came 
before me by virtue of this present information, Daniel Nelly, priest, 
formerly collegial of the Irish CoUedge in Seville, and now vicar, 
curat, and collegial of the collegial church of Saint Nicolas, parish 
church of this town, and a native of it, who after taking the usual 
oath in the common tenour of the law, and as the use and custom is, 
promissed to tell the truth, and no other but the truth, in all the de- 
mands he was to be asked. 

To the first demand he said, that he knows very well Domnick 

Lynch 



Pedigree of Doctor Domnick Lynch. 63 

Lynch, and his father Peter Lynch, and Madam Mary Skerret his 
mother, and Mr. Peter Lynch, with his wife Mary KirWan, his grand- 
father and grandmother by the father's side ; and Thomas Skerret 
with his wife Marie Lynch, his grandfather and grandmother by the 
mother's side : and he knows that all and each of them were natives 
of this town, and had their houses and living in it as som of the cheef 
citizens and inhabitants of it, without having ever heard or seen any 
thing to the contrary. 

To the second demand he said that the general questions com- 
monly made to wittnesses doe not at all tuch himself, and likwise 
declared he was neither suborned, induced, nor compelled to wittness 
in the present information, to the contrary will declare with all li- 
berty and freedom, in the most plain and clear way he can, the truth 
and nothing but the truth as he knows it, and that he is of the age 
of seventy-seven years, or thereabouts. 

To the third demand he answered, that said Domnick Ljmch is 
a lawfull son of said parents, gotten of a lawfuU marriage, and to have 
been so allwais known, bread and nourrished by them in their own 
house during said marriage, and that he also saw him. 

To the fourth demand he said, that said Domnick Lynch, his 
parents, grandfathers, &c., and all his relations, are and were ancient 
Catholicks pure and unspotted, of the noblest and most ancient 
gentlemen of this city, and the first that founded and inhabited it, 
and that he knows that those of the family of the Lynches has made 
from time to time several famous works of piety becoming good and 
Christian gentlemen, namly, the collegial church of Saint Nicolas 
and parish church of this town, whereof the Ljniches are properly 
foundators and patrons, as it appears by several of their scutchons 
and coat of armes which alwais were and are to this day in the 
chief places of said church, and in several other places both within 
and abroad. And likwise said witness knows, that it was som of 

said 



64 Pedigree of Doctor Domnick Lynch. 

family of the Lynches that founded the convent of Saint Augustin 
in this town, wherof they are patrons. And knows also that those 
of said family were the foundators of the hospital of this town for 
the prisoners. They also built the quier of the convent of our 
Blessed Lady of the orders of preachers. And he knows likwise, 
that they built on their own cost and charges, the bridge that is 
uppon the river of this town, a very substantial and considerable 
work ; and made several other works of piety, and worthy of me- 
mory. Wherefore, they were allwais and are to this day held and 
reputed very ancient Christians, both in this town and elsewhere 
throughout the whole province and kingdom, where he alwais heard 
speak of the nobility and purity of said family, with a great deal of 
consideration and esteem of it. And likwise said wittness knows, 
that the said persons ever were, and are still, members of the true 
Catholick Church, which is what he allwais heard, and never heard 
any thing to the contrary. 

To the fifth demand, said wittness said that he does not know or 
believe that said Domnick Lynch, or any of his predecessors or re- 
lations has heald, or doe hould any vil, base, or mecanick office. To 
the contrary, most of them were lords of many vassals, castles, and 
statly houses, and likwise had the chief and most honourable em- 
ployments of this town, as maiors, sheriffs, aldermen, and such like. 
And at this present time there lives in this town Sir Henry Lynch, 
Baronett, which is a title of much honour and nobility in the king- 
dom. And Coll: Maurice Lynch, lord of many vassals. And lik- 
wise knows his Grace James Lynch, Archbishop of Tuam, and 
Metropolitan of the Province of Connaught ; and his Lordshipp Wal- 
ter Lynch, Bishop of Clunfert; and Andrew Lynch, Bishop of 
Kifinury, now living ; and his Grace Nicolas Skeret, Archbishop of 
Tuam; and Francis Kirwan, Bishop of Killala; all near relations 
of said Domnick Ljmch. And likwise knows Mathew Lynch, 

Wardian 



Pedigree of Doctor Domnick Lynch. 65 

Wardian of Gralway, the chief dignity in said town, and very consi- 
derable for having eight good parishes under his jurisdiction de- 
pending of him. He knows also Doctor Michel Lynch, Vicar-general 
Apostolick of Kihnacdough, and Dean of Killfinoury; and in like 
manner he knows several of said family to have exercised all the 
most honourable functions of both ecclesiastical and secular dignity 
in town and contry. Which is what he knows, and never heard 
any thing to the contrary. 

To the sixth demand he said, that he knew not that said Dom- 
nick Lynch, or any of his forefathers, to the fourth generation, has 
been infamously chastised or punished by any ecclesiastical or se- 
cular justice. 

To the seventh demand he answered, that what he said and de- 
posed is, and has been allwais, the publick voice and common opinion 
of said town of Galway, both within and abroad, without having 
ever heard any thing to the contrary. And having redd to said 
wittness all what he said and alledged, word by word, he sayd that 
he ratifies all that is contained in it, and that what he deposed and 
averred is nothing but the truth of what he knows tuching this 
business, under pain of the oath he has taken, in wittness wherof he 
has signed with his own hand before me notarie, said day, month 

and year. 

M'- Nicolas French. 
fr: Francisco db Ayora, Notario Apostolico. 

I father Antony de Santo Domingo, Notary Apostolick in the 
Court of Rome, do testifie and declare, that this copy of the infor- 
mation of the pedigrie of father Domnick Lynch, regent of this great 
colledge of Saint Thomas of Seville, has been faithfully and truly 
drawn, out of the original, without any diminution or addition what- 
somever, and said information seems to have been made with all due 

IRISH ARCH. SOC. MI8GELL. VOL. I. K SOlcmuitieS 






66 Pedigree of Doctor Domnick Lynch. 

solemnities according to law and the statuts of said colledge. Lik- 
wise do declare and testify, that besides said wittnesses contained in 
the aflforesaid copy, I saw in the original sixteen more wittnesses that 
attest the same, and agi-ee with what is above writt. Wherfore at 
the request of said father Domnick Lynch, for the further de[c]lara- 
tion and authentication of the afforesaid, I give this present testi- 
mony, signed and sealed with my proper hand and seal, made in 
Seville the 23'^ day of February, 1693. 

In testimony (L. S.) of the truth, 
fa : Aktony de Santo Domingo, Notario Apostolico. 



NOTES. 

Pedigree of Doctor Domnick Lynch, — During the two eventful centuries which suc- 
ceeded the era of the Reformation, many of the natives of Ireland, particularly those of 
the Milesian race, were obliged to fly to foreign climes; and that in such numbers, that 
their flights were commonly compared to those of wild geese, a name by which the exiles 
themselves were often designated. They sought asyliuns in difierent parts of Europe, 
but chiefly in France and Spain, where they were always sure of meeting with a 
favourable reception. Whenever it happened, that any of these emigrants were ad- 
vanced to places of trust or emolument in the countries of their adoption, either in the 
Church, through their piety and learning, or in the State, by their military ser- 
vices ; or that they advanced themselves by commercial pursuits, or matrimonial alli- 
ances ; such persons naturally became anxious to shew their friends or connexions 
abroad, that they were respectably descended and connected at home. It, moreover, 
became imperative on those elected or appointed to posts of dignity and honour, es- 
pecially in Spain, to prove their patrician origin in the most satisfactory manner. 
For those purposes they were accustomed to obtain from Ireland, genealogical tables, 
and other authenticated testimonials of their descent ; and hence arose the numerous 
pedigrees, and other heraldic notices of Irish families, so frequently met with in those 
countries. 

The " Pedigree of Doctor Domnick Lynch," now first printed from a manuscript 
in the possession of the Editor, originated in the manner above stated. That learned 
person was elected Begent of the University of Seville, and also Professor of Divinity 

there. 



Pedigree of Doctor Domnick Lynch. 67 

there. Upon that occanon a oommissioner was dispatched to Ireland, '' to make due 
informations of the pedigree, life, and behavionr of Doctor Domnick Lynch." After a 
solemn investigation, on which the most authentic records were produced, and wit- 
nesses the most respectable examined; the foregoing pedigree and report were re- 
turned, exhibiting proofs of lineage, supposed sufficient to satisfy even the proudest of 
the grandees of Spain. That it did prove satisfactory may be concluded from this, 
that the venerable individual in question filled the high offices to which he was elected, 
with honour and applause, for nearly a quarter of a century after. This document may, 
therefore, be deemed a fair specimen of the testimonialB considered necessary for de* 
rical emigrants from Ireland, during the period alluded ta At another opportunity, 
similar specimens may be given of those required by persons engaged in civil and mi- 
litary occupations. It may here be observed, that these curious evidences of family 
descent are deserving of more attention than they appear to have received in latter 
times. Many of them contain historical notices of persons and incidents not elsewhere 
to be found. Our learned Ulster King of Arms, Sir William Betham, is, I believe, 
aware of the value and importance of these documents. They should, therefore, as 
far as possible, be collected and preserved with care in a public repository, where 
they might prove serviceable in helping to correct some of the numerous misstate- 
ments contained in modem books of peerage and genealogy. 

Page 44, line 24. 

Doctor Domnick Lynch. — ^Harris, in his edition of Ware's Irish Writers, book i. 
vol. iL p. 258, gives the following account of this learned ecclesiastic and his writings; 
and it seems to have been drawn from correct sources of information : ^^DominickLime, 
{Lynch) was bom in the county of Oalway^ and admitted into the Dominican Order in 
Spain, where he lived many years in great Reputation, officiating as Synodal Judge 
under the Archbishop of Seville. He was gradually promoted to all the Honours of 
that University, was first Lecttirer in Arts and Philosophy, then Master of the students. 
Secondary, and at length principal Regent, afterwards made professor of Divinity in 
1674, which Office he held with universal Approbation until the year 1697, when 
he died at Seville, He was in such great Esteem in Spain^ that Nicholas Antonio 
(Bihlioth. Hispan. v. 2. p. 358) hath with much Honour ranked him among the Writ- 
ers of that country. He hath written, according to the Publishers of the Dominican 
Bibliotheque: 

'' Summa PhilosophicB speculativce juxta Mentem et DoOrinam S, Thomce et Aris- 
totelis. Tom. i. Oomplectens primam Partem PhiloeophioB Eationii, quce eommuniter 
nuncupatur Dialectiea. — ^Parisiis, 1666, 4to. 

K 2 " Tom. 



68 Pedigree of Doctor Domnick Lynch. 

" Tom, 2. Complectens dtuM Partes^ quce communiter nuneupantur Logica. — ^Parisiis, 
1667, 4to. 

" Tom. 3. Comprehendens tertiam Partem PhilMophice rationalis, in qua oritur de 
Prcsdicalnlibus, ProBdicameniis^ et de Posterioribtis. — Parisiis, 1670, 4to. 

" Tom. 4. Complectens primam Partem Physkce naturalis. — ^Parisiis, 1686, 4to." 

For some further particulars of Dr. Dominick Lynch, see De Burgo in Hibemia 
Dominicana, p. 545, '^here he adds : ** Cseterum nullus dubito, quin reliqukm quoque 
Physicam Naturalem ediderit. Imm5 k multis me audivisse Hispanis memini, prae- 
clarum hunc Virum lucubrasse integrum Cursum Theologicum, sed, dum Mari depor- 
taretur ex Hiapania in ChUiam Typis tradendus, Naufragio periisse." The same work, 
and Ware's Writers, contain notices of other members of this name, contemporary with our 
venerable Regent; particularly Doctor John Lynch, author of several learned works, 
the principal of which is his celebrated book entitled Cambrensis £ versus, published 
under the name of Gratianus Lucius. Impress. Ann. m.dc.lxil An interesting poem 
written by Dr. John Lynch during his exile from Lreland, in which he feelingly details 
his reasons for not returning to his native land, and describes the depressed state of 
his countrymen at that period, is now, for the first time, printed in the present volume, 
Vide Article V. 

Page 46, line 4. 

A book in /olio. — This book is mentioned by Doctor John Lynch, in his account of 
the Right Rev. Francis Kirwan, entitled " Pii Antistitis Icon, sive De Vita et Morte R°'* 
D.Francisci KirovaniAlladensis EpiscopL" Maclovii, m.dc.lxiz. where he says, p. 9: 
"In vetusto coUegii libro Dominicum Lyncheeum cognomento nigrum anno salutis 1505, 
mortuum intimum CoUegii fundatorem fdisse legiJ*^ Diligent search has been recently 
made by the Editor for this old volume, but without success. It is supposed to have 
been taken to the continent by some of the clergy who were obliged to fly thither 
during the troubles of the seventeenth century. But see further on in the text 
for the testimony of Daniel Nelly, vicar, in which he states, that the old and new col- 
legiate registers were lost by negligence, in A. D. 1652. It is now ascertained, that 
at that time, several other historical documents were destroyed throughout Ireland. 
In the MS. Library of Trinity College Dublin, 1. 4, 13, there is preserved " A Paper 
Book in 16®*, written in the last (i. e. the seventeenth) century; containing an account 
of the town of Gal way, the arms, and first settling of the families :" but this latter 
MS. is now of little or no value. 

Page 49, line i. 

In the year 0/ our Lord 12B0. — Archdall, in his Monasticon, p. 286, states, that this 

convent was not founded until A. D. 1296. 

Page 



Pedigree of Doctor Domnick Lynch. 69 

Page^^y line}. 
Knock, near Dublin ^Now called "Castle Knock." 

Page 49, line 1 1. 

En Tuane, — Properly an t-uan, i. e. the Lamb, It is rather a curious circumstance, 
that this sobriquet, if it be one, has continued in the Lynch family for upwards of 400 
years. The writer hereof was acquainted with a respectable merchant of Galway, who 
was called Thomas Lynch Lamb, But the good people there are noted for giving fa- 
miliar nicknames to each other, and these (generally ridiculous) adjuncts mostly con- 
tinue for life. A late member of the family in question was called *' Lynch Ram," 
and another is stated to have been dubbed *' Lynch God damn ;" but this latter indi- 
vidual resided for a long time in England, and there acquired the national impre- 
cation, by which he was afterwards so unenviably distinguished. It is well known that 
Englishmen were formerly so addicted to that profane phrase, that the French caUed 
them indiscriminately ^' Godammees ;" for which, among other old authorities, see the 
History of the Maid of Orleans. Its prevalence among them, even to our own time, is 
commemorated in Lord Byron's poem, Don Juan, canto xL stanza xiL 

Page 49, line 1 1. 

The great bridge — This bridge is still standing and in good repair. The rapid 
river which runs under it, here called " the river of Lockcorb, — Corbium fluvium," 
flows from the great lake Corrib, anciently called Lough Orbsen. See O'Flaherty's 
dgygia, p. 16; and West Connaught, p. 20, note ^, This river was never known by 
the name *^ Corbium fluvium," but it is always mentioned in our annals as the river 
GaiUimhj anglicized Galway ; and from it that town and county have been named. 

Page 50, line 8. 

Gott his awn eon hanged, — See further on in the text, for the testimony of Doctor 
James Lynch, Archbishop of Tuam, wherein allusion is made to this well-known story ; 
which, it is stated, was then publickly " believed throughout all the province." This 
testimony, at the time, was highly respectable, as to the popular belief; and though 
at the present day it may be considered ancient testimony, yet it cannot be taken as 
conclusive on a transaction which occurred nearly two centuries before it was given. 
The Bev. Edward Groves, of Dublin, who has commemorated this occurrence in a 
beautiful and successful dramatic production, entitled the ^* Warden of Galway," 
considers it as a popular story founded on fiction, well adapted for the genius of 
poetry, but inadmissible as an historic fact, without better evidence than has been 
hitherto adduced in its support. If the ancient ^' book in folio," mentioned p. 68, note, 
be ever recovered, it will either authenticate or invalidate this curious story. 

Page 



70 Pedigree of Doctor Domnick Lynch. 

Page $1^ line to, 
A peaar ofOrgafu. — ^L e. a pair. See Archsologia, yoL xxx. p. lO. 

Page^if lihei$. 

Domnick Lynch — a free school. — Several individuals of the Lynch fanulj have been 
distinguished for their talents and learning, and many of them for acts of public mimi* 
ficence, of which various instances are recorded. See the valuable ^' Historic Sketch 
of the past and present State of the Fine Arts in Ireland,** by George Petrie, Esq., 
Dublin Penny Journal, A. D. 1833, No. 6, p. 326, for an interesting extract from the 
MS. Regal Visitation of A. D. 1615, respecting a school in Gkdway, in which the com- 
missioners found ''a publique schoolemaster named Lynch, placed there by the 
citizens, who had great number of schoUers, not only out of that province, but also 
out of the Pale and other parts." It is not, however, quite clear, that this "schoole- 
master^' was the celebrated Doctor John Lynch, author of Cambrensis £versus, men- 
tioned p. 68, note. 

Page $1 J linezg. 

WiBs and testaments^ very anct€»/.--Several of these have come to our hands. The 
following testament, though not that immediately alluded to in the text, will be found, 
in some degree, to sustain the statements of the munificence of this remarkable fieunily. 
In it legacies were left to the principal convents at the time, viz., A. D. 1496, in Con- 
naught The original is preserved in the old collegiate library in Galway, and, with 
it, many other ancient and curious documents, some of which follow ; and for the use of 
which the Editor is indebted to the kindness of his learned and ever-revered friend, 
the Right Reverend Doctor O'Donnell, R. C. Bishop of Galway: 

« I. H. S. 

*' In Dei nomine Amen. Ego Johannes Lynche fiz-John, mercator ville Galvye, 
compos mente licet eger corpore, testamentum meum condo in hunc modum. Inpri- 
mis do et lego animam meam Deo patri omnipotent!, et beate Marie virgini, et beato 
Michaeli archangelo, ac angelorum choro; corpusque meimi sepulture tradendum in 
capella beatissime virginis Marie, cituata in ecclesia collegiata ville Galvye Enachdu- 
nensis dyocesis. Imprimis, ordino et constituo meum fratrem Nicholaum et heredem, 
ac uxorem meam Sciciliam Styvyn meos speciales executores, in omnibus bonis meis 
mobilibus, cum supportacione domini Willielmi Tbeyll mei amicL Inprimis, lego 
meo Bupradicto fratri Nicholao domum meam lapideam, ciun omnibus suis adheren- 
tibus, adicta hac condicione, quod ipse Nicholaus et sui heredes anniversarium meum, 
et mee uxoris, celebrabit anno quolibet vel celebrabunt. Item, lego mee uxori Scicilie 
terciam partem omnium bonorum meorum mobilium, et terciam partem, si voluerit, dicti 

principalis 



Pedigree of Doctor DomnieJc Lynch, 7 1 

principalis tenementi. Item, lego mee uxori tenementum per me emptum de Johanne 
Blake fyz-Yilliam, vita dicte uxoris durante, et post ejus decessum, predictum tenemen- 
tum lego ipsi Henrico meo filio et suis beredibus, licet dictum tenementum est impigno- 
ratum penes Dominicum Ljncbe, et suum filium Stepbanum, cum Deus scit quod ipse 
Dominicus et filius suus, quod mibi videtur, nullum jus nee justiciam babent ipsi ad 
ipsum tenementum, et dico quod dictus Henricus babebit ipsum tenementum, non facta 
solucione aliqua ex parte sua. Item, lego mee filie Scicilie Ix. marcas, in modum dotis. 
Item, lego mee filie Elene ly. marcas modo simili in dotis modum. Item, lego duobus 
meis filiis, viz. Ambrosio et Sandero, duo tenementa penes me impignorata in pignore Ix. 
marcarum, in quibus jacent Donatus fuscus, fulo, et Jobannes O'Donnali, sutor, et Nycbo- 
laus Blake fjz-Ricard, ita quod ipsi duo erunt equales in dicta suma pignoris, cum dicta 
tenementa erunt soluta. Item, lego meo filio Baltjssar xx. libras, ita quod prefatus 
mens beres, viz. Nicbolaus, et Henricus dictam sumam persolvant eidem Baltyssar cum 
ipsi per eum erant requisiti, sub bac forma, quod ipse Nicbolaus persolyat ei x. libras, et 
Henricus alias x. libras. Item, lego Roberto Ljncbe, filio Ristardi Lyncbe, unam 
domum lapideam, quam babui in modum dotis cum matre dicti Ristardi, sub bac 
condicione, quod Scicilia mea uxor babebit scelarium dicte domus in modum tertie 
partis, sua vita durante; vel si maluerit, terciam partem tenementi bujusce babeat, 
et si dictus Robertus decederet sine masculis, quod dictum tenementum convertatur 
ad meos beredes, de elimosinis et decimarum recompensacione: relinquo bee omnia in 
dispositione ipsius Nicbolaii et Scicilie uxoris, cum concilio dicti Willielmi YbejU. 

" £rat enim inter eos decissum per Robertum Lyncbe mercatorem ville dicte 
Galvye, et Willielmum Beyll, quod prefata Scicilia, uxor dicti Jobannis, baberet ter- 
ciam partem cjfforum ac omnium aliarum rerum, viz. instrumenta mensalia et coqui- 
naria pertinencia [acC] ipsum tenementum ; et pars reliqua cedat ipsi Nicbolao beredi. Et 
sic dicti duo, viz. Robertus et Villielmus, ex testamento dicti Jobannis perceperunt 
Item, bii duo executores ordinaverunt pariter et disposuerunt quod ecclesia collegiata, 
in qua erat dictus Jobannes sepultus, in recompensatione decimarum baberet unam 
marcam, et in modum elimosine ad opus domus collegii, unam aliam marcam. Item, 
monasterio bujus ville Galvye quinque s. in mercibus. Item, conventui de Attnary 
unam casulam cum sua stola. Item, conventui de Clar duas uncias in mercibus. 
Item, conventui de Kylconlyn duas uncias in mercibus. Item, conventui de Rosryala 
duas uncias in mercibus. Item, conventui de Mayn duas uncias. Item, conventui de 
Rosberk duas uncias in mercibus. Item, conventui de Sligo duas uncias similiter in 
mercibus. Item, conventui de Raybranna duas uncias. Item, conventui de Borges 
duas uncias. Item, conventui de Hamareyduas uncias. Item, [conventui] de Bonynyn 
duas uncias. Item, conventui de Herw duas uncias. Item, conventui de Srade 
duas uncias. Item, conventui de Bennafada duas uncias. Item, conventui de Cutbe 

• duas 



72 Pedigree of Doctor Domnick Lynch. 

duas iincias. Item, conyeDtui de Roba xx(/. Item, convent ui de Boryskerra xx^. 
Item, conventni de My lac nnd. Item, conventui de Bellahanasay xx(/. Item, conventui 
de Kynnaleyn xxrf. Item, conventui de Roscoman xxc/. Item, conventui de Balein- 
smaley xxd. Item, conventui de Dunmory xx^. £t hec omnia erunt soluta in mer- 
cibus. Datum et actum in villa Galvye xvii"* die mensis Augusti, an"* protunc 
M.CGCC.XC.VL Hiis testibus presentibus, viz. discrete viro Thoma Bodikjm, mercatore 
ville Galvye, et Scicilie Styffyn uxore ejusdem Johannis, et Henrico Lynche fratre 
ejusdem, et coram me infrascripto nottario, et cetera.. 

" Et ego vero WiUielmus Beyll presbyter, Enachdunensis dyocesis pub- 

licus, imperiali auctoritate, notarius, cum omnia et singula premissa 

sic ut premittitur fierent et agerentur, presens una cum prenominatis 

testibus interfui, ea omnia et singula sic fieri vidi et audivi, atque in 

banc publicam formam reddegi, signo et nomine meis solitis et con- 

suetis signavi, rogatus et requisitus in fidem et testimonium omnium 

et singulorum premissorum, Indictione xiil anno, die, mense» loco, 

quibus supra, etc. 

^* Probatum et approbatum fuit hoc presens testamentum, coram nobis Willielmo 

Tuamensi arcbiepiscopo, in ecclesia colegiata Sancti Nicbolaj ville Gallvie, quinto die 

mensis Apprilis, Anno Domini m.cccc.lxxxx octavo, et pro testamento legittimo 

pronunciatum ; commissaque fuit administratio omnium el singulorum bonorum supra- 

scripti defuncti, in quodam inventario coram nobis prius exhibito contentorum, supra- 

scriptis executor ibus in forma juris juratis, et per nos prius admissis et approbatb; 

ipsosque executores ab omni ulteriori computo coram nobis in hac parte reddendo, in 

quantum nos nostrumque officium concernit, dimmittimus et absolvimus per pre- 

sentes. Salvo tamen, in omnibus et per omne, jure cujuscunque." — Orig, MS. 

The following last will of Peter Lynch, which confirms a previous one, dated A.D. 
1500, is taken from the original, preserved in the same College Library of Gal way. It 
particularly ratifies a donation made by the testator in A.D. 1494, for the support of 
the altar of St Catherine, in the collegiate church : 

" In Dei nomine Amen. Ego Petrus Lynche, tcompos mente, licet eger corpore, 
condo testamentum meum in hunc modum. In primis, lego animam meam omnipo- 
tenti Deo patri, filio et spiritui sancto, sancte Marie virgini ac matri, sancte Katerine 
virgini et martiri, sancto Michaeli archangelo, omnibusque Sanctis ac civibus celestis 
curie, corpusque meum ad sepelliendum in ecclesia coUegiata sancti Nicholai ville 
Gralvie, ante altare pancte Katerine : et timens quod subita fuissem interemptus morte, 
et considerans quod caucius cuncta disponuntur dum quisque sanus existit, quam 
cum languens mens perturbatur infirmitatibus, feci et condidi, atque manu propria 

scripsi 



Pedigree of Doctor Domnick Lynch. 73 

Bcripsi meuih testamentuiu sive ultimam yoluntatem, in uno quaterno papiri, in mense 
Julii Anno Domini millesimo quingentesimo ; et modo volo quod dicto meo testa- 
mento in omnibus stetur, et ipsum, nunc languens in extremis, approbo, rati£co et con- 
firmo irreyocabiliter, revocans omnem aliam yoluntatem atque testamentatum, super 
feci, et si in futurum facere yolo, quod non habeat effectum neque robur ; set yolo 
quod perseyeranter et inyiolabiter obseryetur dictum meum testamentum, manu mea 
propria scriptum : et constitui, in dicto testamento, Dominicum Lynche meum fra- 
trem, et Eyelinam Blak meam uxorem, meos executores ; et Steplianum Lynche 
filium dicti Dominici supervisorem dicti testamentL Et modo quia dicta Eyelina re- 
cusat fore executricem, instituo dictos Dominicum et Steplianum meos executores, et 
yolo quod ipsi, secundum eorum discreccionem, exequentur dictum meum testamentum, 
et si quicquid erroneum inibi repererint, yolo quod ipsi id reyocent, atque in melius 
commutent, prout eorum discreccioni yidebitur, et ordinent atque disponent cuncta que 
illic non sunt disposita : et yolo quod ipsi exponent et interpretentur yera dubia, si 
qua sunt in dicto testamento. £t specialiter ratifico donacionem quam feci pro sus- 
tentacione altaris sancte Elaterine, et sacerdotis ibidem celebrantis : prout in carta 
desuper confecta, et manu notarii publici scripta, et meo sigillo sigillata plenius ap- 
paret. Scriptum Galyie, yicesimo primo die mensis Augusti, bora yespertina, Anno 
Domini millesimo quingentesimo septimo, hiis testibus presentibus, yiz. domino 
Thoma Molgan, tunc Wardiano, domino Johanne O'Donna presbitero, ac magistro 
Thoma M* Seonyn baculario, domino Waltero Coysyn, ac dictis Dominico Lynche et 
Stephano ac Roberto alias Robog filio Jobannis Lynche, Margareta Lynche filia 
Johannis Lynche, et multis aliis. 

" I. H. S. Maria. 
" Et ego yero Matheus Lorcan clericus Enachdunensis Diocesis, publicus, 
auctoritate imperiale, notarius, quia prefatis omnibus et singulis dum 
sic ut premittitur agerentur, dicerentur et fierent una cum prenomi- 
natis testibus presens interfui, eaque omnia et singula sic fieri yidi et 
audiyi, ideoque presens publicum instrumentum in banc publicam for- 
mam reddegi signo et nomine meis solitis et oonsuetis signayi, anno, 
die, mense et loco quibus supra, rogatus et requisitus, in fidem et testi- 
monium omnium et singulorum premissorum.^' 

The charter of endowment of the altar of St. Catherine, referred to and confirmed 
by the foregoing instrument, bears date 9th Feb. A. D. 1494, and is here giyen from 
the original, also presenred in the same Library. 

IBISH ABCH. SOC. MISCELL. VOL. I. L '« L H. S. 



74 Pedigree of Doctor Domniek Lynch. 



" I. H. S. 

" Universis Christi fidelibus, ad quos presentes litere pervenerint, Petrus Lynche, 
burgensis yille de Galwy in fiLibernia, salutem in Domino sempitemam. Noverit 
universitas vestra, me prefatum Petrum, ob honorem Dei, Sancto Katerine virginis et 
martyris, ac sancte matris ecclesie, cultusque divini augmentum, dedisse, concesisse, et 
per presentes imperpetuum quietum legasse et pardonasse, altari et capelle Sancte 
Katerine virginis, quod quidem altare et capellam fabricavi et construxi, ego dictus 
Petrus in ecclesia coUegiata Sancti Nicolai ejusdem viUe de Galwy, perpetuam videlicet 
sustentacionem unius boni et ydonei sacerdotis, qui continue celebrare et rogare habeat 
et teneatur incessanter cotidie, in eodem altari et capella, pro anima mea ac £]ene 
Blake uxoris mee post mortem nostram, ac animabus antecessorum et amicorum 
nostronun, necnon et omnium fidelium defunctorum, dedisse, ut premittitur, et con- 
oessisse, viz. tenementum meum principale lapideum, quod emi sumptibus meis pro- 
priis et expensis acquisivi, ac unum aliud tenementum quod cituatur ex parte orien- 
tali predicti mei principalis tenementi, quod quidem emi a Wadyno Blake et Margareta 
Skyret sua uxore, prout feofamenta desuper facta tesfantur : necnon et decem acras 
terre arabilis in terris de Atbnary, quas emi a bone memorie Rogero Worloke, prout 
per metas et bundas continentur in tercio folio mei antiqui libri, ac prout per feofa- 
menta desuper facta sciri potest ; habendum et tenendum predictum principale tene- 
mentum cum suis pertinenciis, domibus altis et inferioribus atque celariis, ac dictum 
aliud tenementum ex parte oriental!, ut premittitur, cituatum per longum et latum 
prout se extendit : necnon et predictas decem acras terre arabilis, cum suis fructibus, 
redditibus et obventionibus quibuscunque, libere, quiete, bene et in pace, prefatis al- 
tari et presbitero, scilicet ipsius altaris qui pro tempore fuerit servitori, imperpetuum. 
De oapitalibus dominis tenementorum et terrarum premissorum, per servicia inde 
debita et de jure consueta. Interposita tali conditione perpetua, inviolabiliter imper- 
petuum observanda, viz. quod nullus omnino hominum cujuscunque gradus, status seu 
conditionis fuerit, premissa tenementa et terras arabiles premissas, in aliqua sui parte 
vel in toto vendere, impignorare, seu alienare poterit, aut ad aliquos alios quoscunque 
usus, preterquam ut supradictum est, mittere aut convertere ex parte, viz. alicujus 
ecclesiastice aut secularis potestatis, curie cujuscunque seu collegii specialiter pre- 
missi, set quod semper et per semper simpliciter omnia et singula premissa, omnibus 
modo et forma quibus supra, spectabunt ad predictum altare et sui servitorem pre- 
missum, qui pro tempore fuerit, imperpetuum, per presentes. Ita vero quod ipse 
sacerdos seu servitor predictus, fderit cantor, et confortans servicium et officium chori 
ejusdem ecclesie, melius quo poterit, missamque vero suam in altari predicto, viz. 

Sancte 



Pedigree of Doctor Domnick Lynch. 75 

Sancte Kateryne devote celebrando, et non in alio quocunque altari: predictum autem 
collegium cibtun, potum ac cameram pro ipsius sacerdotis cantu, et chori retentione 
cotidie prestando et honeste, prout deeet, attribuendo, cujus quidem sacerdotis propter 
sui merita et demerita institutionem et destitutionem, ac post sui mortem, alterius 
sacerdotis in ipsius locum et vicem institutionem, ac sui eciam destitutionem ego dictus 
Fetrus, per presentes, lego et relinquo Majori, Ballivis et eomndem bonis paribus et 
consiliariis, ejusdem ville de Galwy, qui pro tempore fuerint, imperpetuum, per pre- 
sentes. £t si contingat quod fructus, redditus et proventus premissorum tene- 
mentorum et terrarum, excedent rationabile stipendium, ac conyenientem honestam 
sustentationem dicti servitoris seu sacerdotis predicti, yolo, per presentes, et ordino 
quod quicquid supererit expendatur super reparatione ejusdem altaris et non alibL 
Ita tamen et super omnia, quod post mortem meam, omnia et singula premissa, cum 
suis fructibus et obventionibus habebit et possidebit pre sui sustentacione et honore 
predicta Elena Blake uxor mea, durante vita sua quamdiu post mei mortem super- 
yixerit. Decetero vero dictum altare et suus servitor, qui pro tempore, et suus ser- 
vitor seu sacerdos predictus qui pro tempore fuerit, omnia et singula premissa, omnibus 
modo et forma quibus supra, libere, quiete, bene et in pace imperpetuum, possidebunt. 
In fidem vero et testimonium omnium et singulorum premissorum, infrascriptum pub- 
licum notarium premissam meam donationem perpetuam, et legatum meum speciale 
in banc publicam formam redigere feci, et sigillum meum presentibus apposuL Hiis 
testibus presentibus, vLz. Jobanne Skyret, Jobanne Atby f jtz Edmundi, Patricio Caer 
burgensi ejusdem villi!, et multis aliis. Datum apud Galwy nono die mensis Februarii, 
Anno Domini millesimo iiii** nonagesimo quarto. 

*' £t ego vero Willelmus Molgan clericus Enachdunensis diocesis, pub- 
licus auctoritate imperiali, notarius, quia cum omnia et singula pre- 
missa sic ut premittitur per dictum Petrum Lynche agerentur, dice- 
rentur et fierent, una cum prenominatis testibus et allis nonnullis 
presens ad hoc requisitus et rogatus interfui, eaque omnia et singula 
sic fieri vidi et audivL Ideoque jussu et rogatu dicti Petri, anno, die, 
mense et loco quibus supra, indiccione vero xiii pontificatus Alexandri 
Pape sexti anno secundo, in banc publicam formam reddegL Signo 
et nomine meis solitis et consuetis signavi rogatus et requisitus, in fidem 
et testimonium omnium et singulorum premissorum." 

Tbe following testamentary disposition of Dominick Lyncb, dated 1 2th July, A. D. 
1508, has been transcribed from the Boll of Patents, 25, 26, 27, Henry VIIL, Rolls' 
Office, Dublin, by the kind permission of George Hatchell, Esq. But the enrolment 
has been carelessly made. It is in some places manifestly incorrect, and in others 

L 2 illegible. 



76 Pedigree of Doctor Domnick Lynch. 

illegible. This ciuioos document enumerates several ecclesiastics of the then Church 
of Ireland. It shews the affluence of the burgher class at that period ; and the opu- 
lence and munificence of the individual in question, who. among other bequests, leaves 
legacies ^* to all the convents in Ireland." 

'* Thomas, Dei et Apostolice sedis gratia, Archiepiscopus Tuamensis, Cornelius 
procurator Georgu Elphinensis, Matheus Duacensis, Padinus procurator Aladensis, 
Cormacus Akadensis eadem Dei gratia ecclesiarum episcopi, Eneas abbas de Cunga, 
Ermanus abbas de Fonte Patricii, WiUielmus abbas de Portu Patrum, Millerus 
abbas de Magio, Thomas decanus Tuamensis, Ffelimeus archidiaconus Tuamensis, 
Donaldus decanus Enachdunensis, Edmundus archidiaconus Enachdunensis, Johannes 
wardianus ecclesie collegiate ville de Gralvie, diocesis Enachdunensis, dominus Kjntius 
Dei gratia episcopus Cluanensis, provincie Armachane, venerande, religionis patres, et 
fratres, frater Ricardus Nangle sacrosancte [theologie] doctor, frater Clemens, ordinis 
de Observancia, Grardianus de KylconynnCt frater Cormacus ejusdem ordinis Grardi- 
anus de Ckdvia, magister Edmundus Difinitorum unus nacionis M** Enry, magister PhU- 
lipus M* Enry unus difflnitorum, frater Carolus Lyane ordinis predicatorum verbi Dei, 
omnibus et singulis Christi fidelibus, presentes nostras literas patentes legentibus, 
audientibus pariterque videntibus, salutem et sempiternam benedictionem, et ipsis 
fidem adhibere indubiam viam. Noverit universitas vestra, qualiter honorabilis vir 
Stephanus Lynche, primogenitus et heres Dominici Lynche de Galvia mercatoris, 
coram nobis himiUiter comparuit nobis cum nostris prelatis, regularibus et secularibus, 
atque difinitoribus in nostro provinciali consilio constitutis, Galvie celebrate xxvii die 
mensis Marcii, Anno Domini M^ D^ xxiii^, et testamentum ultimum sui patris Dominici 
Lynche, coram nobis exhibuit, et de verbo ad verbum legi procuravit, quo prelecto, 
ipsum testamentum ad manus nostras reddidit, ac ipsum accepimus, ipsumque testa- 
mentum invenimus cum subscripcione diversorum infrascriptorum testium, et appro- 
batum per magistrum Thomam M® Seonyn et dominum Thomam Molgan, commis- 
sionarios ecclesiarum Tuamensb et Enachdunensis diocesium, sede vacante, et sigillatum 
sigillo capituli ecclesie Tuamensis, demum per eimdem Stephanum fuimus requisiti, 
qufltenus testamentum idem seu .... authoritate consilii provincialis ejusque difini- 
torum et consiliariorum iterum reapprobaremus, et hujus testamenti robur firmitatis 
per nostram declaracionem accomodaremus. Nos antedicti archiepiscopus et episcopi, 
de consilio nostrorum difinitorum et aliorum consiliariorum, juste peticioni et requi- 
sicioni dicti Stephano annuentes, auctoritate et consilio tocius provincialis consilii, 
predictum testamentum approbavimus et approbamus, et approbatum dedaramus, ro- 
bur firmitatis dicto testamento acoommodando : cujus testamenti, sine diminucione et 
augmentacione, de verbo ad verbum tenor sequitur. Et est talis. 

**In Dei nomine Amen. Ego Dominicus Lynche, mercator et burgensis ville 

Galvie, 



v^ 



Pedigree of Doctor Domnick Lynch. yy 

GalTie, Enachdunensis diocesis, condo testamentnm meum, in forma qua sequitur, 
langnens corpore et compos mente, in meo scriptorio infra donum meam, xii^ die Julii 
a^ Domini M^ D^ viii^, in presencia Manricii Ycommaine periti medici, qui meo rogatu 
istud meum testamentum scripsit, presentibus magistro Thoma Molgan ac [tunc] 
wardiano ecclesie collegiate ville Gkdvie predicte, magistro Waltero Cussin canonico 

cathedralium ecclesiarum Tuamensis et Enachdunensis, Comelio M^ Meoltall 

Andrea Mares ac Comelio Oconan, et aliis pluribus testibus adhoc vocatis et requisitis. 
Inprimis do et lego animam meam omnipotenti Deo, et beate Marie yirgini, ceterisque 
oelestibus . . . Sanctis, corpusque meum sepulture tradendum in ecclesia predicta, in 
capella beate Marie, cum parentibus meis et uxore mea Anastacia Martyn. Item, in- 
stituo meum filium et primogenitum Stephanum, meum heredem et executorem prin* 
cipalem, et administratorem omnium meorum bonorum, ad recipiendum et solvendum 

omnia mea debita, ordine: et meos alios executores Edmundum Stephani 

Ljnche, et Walterum Thome Ljnche, ac predictum Thomam Molgan, inventores om- 
nium bonorum meorum. In primis habeo in cista mea de chjpreso existente infra 
scriptorium meum tricentas et xxx^libras in auro et argento, proutscriptum in libro 

meo blande pelle coaperto, folio Ixxx"* ix"*, de quaquidem summac oncernunt 

meum filium et heredem Stephanum Ixxxx** [et] iii** libre in argento, quas pro 
eodem receipi in computo sue partis de frumento quod mihi missit de civitate Vella, in 
manu prioris de cerato de Ljspema magister nidus Wasloranius, prout plene vide- 
bitur in predicto libro, in computo predicti frumenti, et sterlinge pecunie prefati 
Stephani proprie. Item habeo in scriptorio meo, et in camera mea super illud, Ixziii"* 
lintiamentas, ac circa xv mantellas russete coUoris. Item habeo in officina mea, sive 
chippa sub domo mea, ac in officina mea nova, circa v millia et vi libras cere, ac de 
serico Gollonie viii libras, ac in Sere xv, ac in Alnie iiii' ac quasdam bursas oon- 
tenentes parvos colores ac paucos cericos de cadas, et minima negocia. Item in 
meo cellario salis vi aut vii dolia, paulo plus vel minus. Item in meo cellario apud 
stronda, in coriis parvis et magnis, x. decras et v. coria. Item residuum meorum 
coriorum missi Clementi Servici Pisanis, in navi alivaris Lvys Portingaldi, que est 
xviL lastas de meis propriis coriis, ac unum lastum coriorum de sorore mea Margaret 
Ljnche, prout sequitur in libro meo communL Item omnia debita quibus teneor et 
alia debita que debeo habere videbitis in libro meo predicta Item omnia terre et 
tenementa que end ac perquisivi et omnia pignora minima et majora videbitis in libro 
inquis' de Anno Domini M** cccc° Ix^ in meo scriptorio. Item atestor coram Deo 
quod Johannes filius meus tenetur mihi plusquam iiL milia Ducatorum ami de claro 

computo, omnibus deductis prout sequitur in libro meo pelle blande coaperto 

in Ixi"* folio. Item primordialiter omnia debita que aliis debeo ante omnia jubeo solvL 
Item mando predicto Stephano novum opus per me inceptum in ecclesia perficere, 

atque 



78 Pedigree of Doctor Domnick Lynch. 

atque ad completum finem quicquid constabit deducere, necnon ibi edificare unum 
altare in honore Sancti Jacob! apostoH, prope proximam columpnam capelle beate 
Marie predicts in ecclesia prefata, et expendere bona mea circa illud pre ceteris negociis 
propter quod edeficia constru . . . Item lego duobus presbiteris pro me meisque paren* 
tibus, atque animabus mearum uxorum quotidie orantibus, quorum unus celebrabit 
in capella beate Marie ibidem, et alter in predicto altari Sancti Jacobi, et hoc de re- 
quiem, et uterque eorum in cboro predicto quotidie babebit ab eodem collegio victu- 
alia. Item lego predictis presbiteris tenementa que perquisivi a Johanne Slone 
O'Meolkjllid infra predictam villam. Item lego eisdem domum quam perquisivi ab 
Edmundo Blake cum suis pertinenciis, que jacet ex opposito mea tenementa. Item lego 
eisdem domum quam perquisivi a Sabina Ymciywire, et cituatur prope domum Petri 
Ljncbe mei fratris. Item eisdem lego omnes terras meas et tenementa in Athnary per 
me emptas et possessas, ut videbitis in libro, et patet eciam per evidencias inde confectas. 
Item lego Stepbano meo heredi tenementum meum principale, in quo nunc inhabito, 

cum suis onmibus pertinenciis, prout ego nunc illud possideo, super relinquo 

meum anniversarium mearumque ambarum uxorum imperpetuum, in eadem ecclesia 
celebrandum. Item lego eidem Stephano tenementa que perquisivi a domino Waltero 
Blake, ac domum lapideam prope illud quam perquisivi aDavideBodekin, cum suis perti- 
nenciis. Item lego vii. filiis prefati Stepbani et eorum cuilibet libr. xx** sterlingorum, 

summa centum ultra libr as. Item relinquo. Julianam meam uxorem in sub- 

jeccione et tuicione prefati Stephani, quem intime rogo quatenus predicte Juliane bene 
faciat; dando sibi omnia que debet habere, considerando meam primam uxorem Anas- 
taciam Martyn, cum consilio executorum meorum ac aliorum peritorum, et cum bona 
consueta. £t prefata Juliana bene se reget prout decet Item Gabrieli filio meo 
lego tenementa lapidea que perquisivi a Willielmo Lynche filio Sandere cum suis per- 
tinenciis ac suo pavimento, ac domum lapideam in qua inhabitat Willielmus O'Sire- 
aden, et aliam domum in fronte predicte domus in qua Ffulke nunc inbabitat, ac omnes 
terras ab eodem Willielmo impignorata^ micbi, de Baleban et Leacaurewache, et cetera 
alia que ab eodem Willielmo et suis filiis habeo. Item lego Petro meo filio tenementa 
cum suis pertinenciis que perquisivi de Galfrido et Petro Blake, cum suis structuris et 
edificiis ibidem edificatis. Item relinquo prefatum Petrum Lynche, cum omnibus 
suis bonis mobilibus, et immobilibus, sub proteccione et tuicione predicte Stepbani. 
Item lego omnia terras et tenementa, molendina et alia edificia tam infra villam pre- 
dictam quam extra ubicunque fuerint inventa, necnon gurgites anguillarum atque 

loca rethe salmonum in ampne predicte ville sic dividenda inter sepedictum 

Stepbanum et dictum Petrum. Item lego eisdem Stepbano et Petro omnia bona mea 
mobilia et pignora, similiter dividenda exceptis preexceptis legatis, et inde specialiter 

et nominata, et premissa omnia dividantur inter eosdem Stepbanum et Petrum 

secundum 



Pedigree of Doctor Domnick Lynch. 79 

secundum discresionem prefata Stephani et aliorum executorum meorum tunc viven- 
cium, viz. tempore legittime etatis prefati Petri, et adjecta condicione quod pre- 
fatus Petrus bene se reget et geret per omnia, secundum consilium et yoluntatem pre- 
fati Stephani. Et quod eidem Stephano erit in omnibus suis accionibus obediens, 
alioquin nichill de premissis eidem prestat Item [si] aliquis filiorum meorum sine 
legitimo heredi de corpore suo procreato decesserit, pars sue hereditatis revertatur ad 
eundem Stephanum suosque heredes, imperpetuuuL Item quod nullus filiorum me- 
orum potest yendere, vel alienare, neque pignorare aliquam partem seu parcellam tocius 
hereditatis predicte, de cetero. Item sub mea benedictione eundem Stephanum rogo 
quatenus eidem Petro beneficiat. £t perbene sibi dividere suam partem hereditatis 

et bonorum mobilium, ut premittitur, dignetur. Ita quod Petrus sepedictus 

erit bonus juvenis, et obediens prefato Stephano, prout ego multum confido in eodem 
Stephano. Item si Johannes filius mens vult yenire ad hanc nostram villam Galvie, 
prestando Stephano meisque aliis filiis unum computum cum solucione reali, ad arbi- 
trium predicti Stephani et aliorum executorum meorum, habebit partem sue heredi- 
tatis, secundum quod prefati executores sibi adjudicabunt. Ita quod solucio fuerit 

cum effectu yerbis Item lego Anastacie filie mee Ixxx*^ lin- 

teamentas aut yalorem eorum. Item Agnete filie mee Ixxx*^ linteamentas aut yalo- 
rem eorum. Item lego fratribus predicatoribus de Athnary sex" sterlingorum. 
Item cmlibet conyentui per totam Hibemiam xiii' et iiii^ Item conyentui monas- 
teriorum de Gralyia iiii"". Item cuiHbet conyentui monasteriorum de obser yancia 
per totam Hiberniam marcam. Item cuilibet monasteriorum conyentui de communi 
yita, ac de iiii**' ordinibus mendicancium, atque de iii*^ ordine obseryantium bonam 
regulam et exemplum, iii' et iiii'*' denarios. Item operibus capelle beate Marsiede. 
Monte in occidentali parte nostre yille yi". £t pauperibus in domo pauperum, 
nostre yille degentibus, unam" xiii' et iiii*" den. Item domibus leprosorum de Galyia 
et Athnr J unam*^. Item ad raparaciones nostre yille quinque". Item [pro] reparacio- 
nibus Sancte Crucis nostre ecclesie unam ...... Item Margarete Ljnche sorori mee 

unam libram. Item Margarete Stephani Lynche i". Ithm Margarete x soHdos. 
Item uxori Johannis Ylrirmajn x solidos. Item Margarete Ruffe mee ancille iiii"* ". 
Item IsibeUe Injmolgan ii*" libras xiii' iiii*. Item Silinie Ynisida iiii" ". Item 
Margarete Injmolgan i". Item Morine Injbinden i^. Item Johanne Martyne i". 
Item lego diyidendum pauperibus habitis xx*^ ^ ster. Item lego pauperibus in die 
obitus mei xx' linteamentas. Item heredibus Marci Lomelyne ix linteamentas yel yi 
libras in pecuniis. Item Matheo Lorcan ii** libras. Item Cornelio O'Meolkallid 
unam^. Item Anabline Inyhallnyn ...... iiii**'". Item Magine Inyhallnyn in pig- 

nore super' cellarium sui patris ad dotandam eam honeste, cum amicorum 

suorum xx linteamentas. Item coUegio dicte yille i argentam chippam octo unci- 

arum. 



8o Pedigree of Doctor Domnich Lynch. 

arum. Item donacionem, quam feci in scripto sub manu Willielmi Molgan publici 

notarii, prefato Stephano meo heredi, cum nonnullis testibus et meo signeto affirma- 

tarn de certa summa al . . . . . enis, per Crabrielem de Radolpho mercatorem Floren- 

tinum ad Bristoliam directa de Plombyn, nunc denuo eandem affirmo atque ratifioo 

donacionem eidem Stephano factam, secundum discrecionem meorum executorum, 

prout mea bona se existant. Item omnio alia testamenta per me facta, verbo aut 

scripto, preter istud testamentum meiun idtimum, quod condidi cum ratione et 

memoria perfecta, ad ipsius revoc ...... et nullo effectu habere yoIo imperpetuum. 

Scriptum Galvie anno, mense, die supradictis, per me magistrum Mauricium supra- 

scriptum, coram prenominatis. 

" Et nos supradicti archiepiscopus et episcopi, facta applicacione hujusmodi testa- 

menti ut supra scribitur, omnibus heredibus, co-heredibus ac executoribus Dominici 

Ljmche testatoris, precipimus et mandamus auctoritate supradicta, quatenus infra 

yi dies a die publicacionis presencium, hujusce approbacioni testamenti quiete et paci- 

fice obediant et acquiescant, qui si mandatis nostris non obediant inobedientes, yel ut 

nobis inobedientes elapssis dictis vi diebus, ecclesiastico per presentes subponimus 

interdicto. Actum et testificatum Galvie, anno, mense, die quiebus supra. In quorum 

omnium et singulorum fidem et testimonium, hujusmodi testamenti per nos approbati, 

transcripto sigilla nostra apposuimus, cum subscriptione manuum nostrarum. 

'* Thomas Tuamensis, manu propria. 

*'*' QuiNTiNUS episcopus Cluanesis, manu propria. 

'^ Et nos dictus Mauricius eadem gratia episcopus Fyniborensis cum pre- 

dictis approbavimus, manus propria. 

*' Cornelius procurator episcopi Elphenensis Georgii, manus propria. 

*' Matheus Duacensis. 

Et nos dictus Bonayentuba eadem gratia episcopus Rossensis cum pre- 

dictis dominis approbamus, manu propria. 

CosMAOUS episcopus Aladensis, manu propria. 

Ego frater Clemens Oceall, gerardianus de Kilkonan testimonium per- 

hibere yeritatis, manu propria. 

*' Eneas abbas de Cimga, manus propria. 

" Padinus procurator Rioabdi Aladensis. 

" Difinitores vi qui ita sic re 

" Phillipus M* Cenbt. rectot de Hacamor, jurisperitus. 

Ego frater Maubicius Dbbunc dictus de Rosseregla superior. 

Attestaciones et approbaciones 1 . . . . fratris in Dez, manus propria. 

Manus propria Galfbidi Yculenain, procuratoris Donaldi Enachdu- 

nensis ecclesie decani 

'* Manus 









(( 



C( 



Pedigree of Doctor Dormick Lynch. - 8 1 

" Manas propria Edmumdi De Buboo, archidiaconi ejusdem ecclesie Enag- 

dunensis. 
'* £t ego magister Bichasdus Nangle, sacre pagine professor, viz., emeritus, 

et iinus eorum spiritualium auditorum, sic fieri vidi et teste 

judicavi, manu testatoris propria. 

'* Manus propria magistri Cormaci, de baccalarii, ac domini epis- 

copi Cluanensis secretariL 
'' Eodem modo ego frater Karolus de ordine Fratrum Predicatorum perhi- 

beo testimonium veritatis, manu propria. 
'* WiLLiELMUS abbas de Portu P . . . . . approbo omnia suprascripta. 
Magister Edmundus M^ Henrt, officialis generali ecclesie Aladensis unus 

difinitorum regulariter difinens manus propria* 
Ego frater Corhacus, gardianus conventus Fratrum Minorum de (jalvia, 
sicut prius ista commendo, manu propria. 
*'Et ego vero Debmiciub O'Clwtain, clericus Tuamensis diocesis ac 
publicus imperiali auctoritate notarius ac* supradicti proyincialis et 
consiliL 
*' Irrotulatur suprascriptum testamentum de suo originali in banc presenciam for- 
mam, de verbo ad yerbom transcripsi, in fidem et robor omnium et singulorum pre- 
missorum rogatus et requisitus." 

Domnick Lynch the testator, who was commonly called Domnick Ditbh, L e. ni^er, 
or the black, and his son and executor Stephen, are thus noticed in Vita Kirovani : ** In 
vetusto coUegii libro Dominicum L3mchsum cognomento nigrum, anno salutis 1505 
mortuum, intimum CoUegii fundatorem fuisse legi : quibus verbis meo quidem judicio 
innuitur, ilium ex integro, ope nullius efflagitata, coUegium extruxisse, ejus insignia 
in januse superliminari vetustate pen^ jam exesa yisuntur. Stephanus illius 
Domi[ni]ci filius, Andrese Finiborensis nunc (A. D. 1668) episcopi abavus, anno sa- 
lutis 1535 mortuus, australe templi latus e yiridi marmore affabr^ dolato, sicut pater 
collegium, aedificavit ; gentilitium ejus scutum tribus trifoliis in campo cyaneo deau- 
ratis constans in summo muro prope subgrundium cemitur : Idem etiam Stephanus 
conventum Eremitarum Sancti Augustini in colle urbi finitimo, et alius e Lyncaeis 
Finniborensis Episcopi Majoribus ccenobium Dominicanorum ab occidente condidit." — 
p. 9. 

In A. D. 1529, Sir John Rawson, prior of the hospital of St. John of Jerusalem, at 
ICilYnftiTiham, near Dublin, by the following instrument, appointed Stephen Lynch 
Fitz- James his principal proctor and agent in and throughout all Connkught. The 
original document is preserved in the before-mentioned Collegiate Library of Gal way. 

IRISH ARCH. 80C. HI8CELL. VOL. I. M '* Procuratorium 



8 2 Pedigree of Doctor Domnick Lynch 

*' Procuratorium Stephani Lynch, a Priore Hospitalis de Kilmaynan juxta 
Dublinium, ad coUigendos ejus redditus in Conacia, A. D. 1529. 
" In Dei nomine Amen : per presens publicum instrumentum cunctis evidenter ap- 
pareat et sit notum quod anno ab Incamacione Domini millesimo quingentesimo vi- 
cesimo nono, indiccione prima pontificatus sanctissimi in Christo patris et domini nostri 
domini Clemen tis hujus nominis Pape septimi, anno sexto, mensis quidem Julii die 
xxii, in magna camera capitalis domus de Kylmaynan juxta Dublinium, hospitalis 
sancti Johannis Jerusalem in Hibernia, in mei notarii publici subsignati, et testium 
infrascriptorum presencia, personaliter constitutus, venerandus religiosus dominus 
Johannes Bawson miles, prior dicti hospitalis, melioiibus via, modo, jure et forma 
quibus potuit seu debuit, dilectum sibi in Christo spectabilem yirum Stephanum Fitz- 
James Lynch, mercatorem de Galvia, suum verum, legitimum et indubitatum pro- 
curatorem, actorem, factorem, negociorumque suorum gestorem, et nimcium speci- 
alem fecit, constituit et ordinarit, solum et insolidum, ita quod non sit melior condicio 
occupantis. Deditque et concessit dictus venerandus dominus constituens eidem pro- 
curatori suo potestatem generalem et mandatum speciale ad locandum, arrendandumy 
et ad firmam sive firmas dimittendum, vice et nomine suo, ac dicti hospitalis personis 
ad hoc aptis, quecimique dominia, terras,' tenementa, redditus et servicia, decimas, 
oblaciones et alteragia dicto hospitali per totam Connaciam qualitercunque spectantia, 
cum omnibus et singulis suis pertinenciis, et presertim decimas ecclesiarum parochi- 
alium de Ballyclare et de Kyltarragh Tuamensis diocesis, yillam de Clomakany juxta 
Ballyclare predictam, cum omnibus suis pertinenciis, decimas de Kenaleghen Clon- 
fertensis diocesis, ac capellam et domum Sancti Johannis Baptiste de Ballyne-Bobe, 
cxan. ima carucata terre, et imo molendino ibidem pro congrua sive oongruis, summa 
sive summis redditus ad usuales et oonsuetos terminos inde reddendum, annuatim, et 
hujusmodi redditus et arreragia eorundem, a dictis firmariis et eorum quolibet ex- 
igendum, petendum, levandum, et recipiendum, ac de receptis acquietanciam sive 
acquietancias conficiendum, sigillandum et deliberandum, intrusores quoscumque 
dictas decimas, terras sive dominia, seu aliquam parcellam eorumdem violenter sive 
injuste occupantes, processu juris, seu alio modo quocunque legitimo repellendum et 
penitus amovendum, et si necesse fuerit singulos firmarios non solventes coram qui- 
buscumque judicibus spiritualibus, vel secular ibus in quibuscumque curiis conveni- 
endum, implicitandum et prosequendum, summam vel summas fern petendimi *et 
audiendum; judicem sive judices eligendum vel recusandum, damna quoque et inter- 
esse petendum et recuperandum provocandi et appellandum, Apostolosque petendum 
et recipiendum provocaciones et appellationes notificandum et intimandum, et earum 
causas prosequendum, alium vel alios procuratorem vel procuratores substituendum 
et destituendum, procuratorisque officium in se reassumendiim, quodens et quando 

sibi 



Pedigree ofj)octor Domnick Lynch, 83 

sibi Yidebitur expedire : fructas quoque redditas et proventus hujusmodi ecclesianiin, 
villaram, terrarum et dominiorum petendum, colligendum et recipiendum ac conser- 
vandum, et de eis ad commodum, usum et utilitatem dicti prioris et hospitaUs, libere 
disponendum ; * ceteraque omnia et singula faciendum, exercendum et expediendum 
que in premissis et circa ea necessaria fuerint seu quomodolibet oportuna, eciam si talia 
forent que mandatum de se magis exigant speciale quam presentibus sit expressum. 
Et dictus dominus constituens pro se et suocessoribus suis promisit se ratum, gratum et 
firmum perpetuo habiturum totum id et quicquid dictus procurator suus substitu- 
tusve seu substituendus ab eodem feoerit in premissis yel in aliquo premissorum, 
judicioque sisti et judicatum solvi sub jpotheca et obligacionem onmium bonorum 
suorum mobilium et immobilium presenciiun et futuronun. Et dictus dominus con- 
stituens ad tunc ibidem declaravit se Telle hujusmodi suam constitucionem et potes- 
tatem eidem procuratori suo, ut premittitur attributas, ad vim biennium post datum 
presencium et non amplius valituras. Super quibuf omnibus et singulis dictus 
dominus constituens me notarium publicum subsignatum, ut sibi unum vel plura 
publicum seu publica conficerem instrumentum sive instrumenta debita cum instancia 
requisivit. Acta sunt hec prout suprascribuntur et redtantur sub Anno Domini, 
indiccionis pontificalis, mense, die et loco quibus supra. Presentibus ad tunc ibi- 
dem discreto et honesto viro donvno Ricardo Ellercare, prebendario de Ca8troknocke,.et 
stywardo de Kylmaynan, et Roberto North literato, testibus ad premissa Yocatis spe- 
cialiter, et rogatis. 

" Et ^o Nicholaus Bennet, Ffernensis diocesis oriundus, publicus, sacre 
sedis apostolice auctoritate, notarius, quia prenominati procuratoris 

constitucioni potestatis, ceterisque premissis omnibus et singulis 

prout suprascribuntur et redtantur, sub Anno Domini, indiccionis pon- 
tificalis, mense, die et loco quibus supra agebantur et fiebant, una cum 
prenominatis testibus presens personaliter interfdi: eaque omnia et 
singula sic fieri vidi et audiyi Ideo hoc presens publicimi instru- 
mentum inde confeci, scripsi, publicavi, et in hanc publicam formam 
redegi, signoque et nomine meis solitis et consuetis signavi in fidem et 
testimonium omnium et singulorum premissorum. Una cum appen- 
sione sigilli dicti venerandi Domini constituentis ad arma, rogatus spe- 
cialiter et requisitus. Ihesus, Maaia. Nicholaus Bbnnet, Notarius." 

The following document, from the same repository, records the erection of an 
hospital in Galway, called the " Poor men is houss," in A. D. 1567, by Martin Lynch 
Fitz- Christopher ; and with it I dose these andent evidences of the public mimifi- 
cence of the Lynch fiunily, alluded to in this pedigree : 

M 2 " This 



84 Pedigree of Doctor Domnick LyncK 

" This endentur made at (Jalwey theight day of November in the ix**» yeare of the 
raign of our moste dreade soverayn Lady Elizabethe, by the grace of God queen of 
Englaimd, Ffraunce, and lerlaund, deffenndour of the faith, etc., and of our lorde Grod 
M^D^LXYii, by tuxt Sir Patryck Dermode, wardian of the parishe churche and colladge 
of the said town of Galwey, and the rest of his brethem the corrall viccarys of the 
same of that on partie, and Martin Linche fitz Christopher of the same town bourgeis 
,of thother partie. Witnesseth that whereas the said Martyn begonn a certayne 
'worck in the worshipp and honnour of Ahnightye Godd, and harbrow the poor and 
nedye within the same town, and for the better mantaynaunc of the same poor men is 
houss, and to uphold the same, exhibited an humble peticon imto us the said wardian 
and viccarres, and he requyered us in way of charitie and augment the living of the 
said poor men is houss, to graunt imto him, and to the said poor man is houss, the 
thre housses to us belonging, which benn anexid unto the said poor man is houss, 
waluing per ann. to our colladge tenn shillinges sterling after thold custumy : and for 
due payment of the said x*. to by payd to us and to our successours, wardians, and 
viccaries of the sam yerly, the said Martin have not onely the said buyldinge by him 
mad uppon the said poor men is houss, and all other the comodities thereunto bylong- 
inge ....... and as well have bound by theass presents his own principall tenement 

wherein he dwellethe with thappurtenaunces which was som tym Domnick Duff 
Linche tenement as it extendethe. And we the said wardiann and viccaries and every 
of us perceiving the good and goddly opynion of the said Martyn, and also considering 
the meritorious great work by him begonn upon the said poor men is houss, and that 
it wear mete and convenient for us to ayde and assist him and all others pretending 
the lyck worck, and to encoradge ther herts . thereto. In consideration of the pre- 
misses we the said wardian perceaved the puer and sencer devocon of the said Martyn 
towards the said poor men is howss ; and so inclyned our harts to graimt his peticon : 
And by theass presents have given and graimted unto the said Martyn, and to the 
said poor men is houss for evermor, the said thre housses parcells of our launds 
situated in the Upper Showmakers, by tuxt the lanne in the west, Teig M^ Domezii is 
littell houss of stounn in the northe, Nicholas Linche's tenement in theast, and Donell 
FfoUazainy is ground in the sowth : the said Martyn and the said poor men is houss 
to have and to hold the said thre housses, in leingth and breade as they extendethe, 
with all manner comodities, buyldings, and apurtenaunces for ever mor of the said 
wardian and vicarres, and their successours. The said Martin, and his heirs, being 
bound to yeld and pay unto the said wardian and viccaries, and unto ther successours 
for ever the som of tenn shillinges sterling coraimt lawfull qiony of Englaund yerly at 
two severall termes accustomed, to sey Eastbr and Mighellmas, and for payment thereof, 
Martyn have bounde his said principall tenement, and as well promissed and by cam 

bound 



Pedigree of Doctor Domnick Lynch. 85 

bound that he neither now other of his heires shall make no maner alteracons neither 
alienate the said thre honsses, nether any houss thereof to no manner persone, neither 
giv no entrest thereof to no person is nss from the nss and comoditie of the poor men 
is said honss : and if the said Martyn, or the proctours of the said poor men is houss, 
shuld hold the said rents, or any parte thereof fifrom the said wardian, viccaries, pr 
from ther successours, the space of two years. Then the said wardian and viccaries, 
and ther successours may lawfully enter in possession of the said thre housses, with 
thapurtenaunces ageinst all maner personis for ever. To the accompassement and per- 
formaunc of the premisses in every condicon afore written and expressed, the said 
wardian and viccariis haue bound themselves and ther successours wardianus and 
viccaries of the sam, and as well ther goods and lands present and to com, 'and in 
lyck manere the said Martyn for his parte boimde his person, his goods, his said 
principall tenement, with all his goods, lands, catteils, heirs and executours pre- 
sent and to com, renouncing all excepcions to the contrary by theass presents. In 
witness hereof the parties intercheangeably to thess endentours set ther signis and 
sealls, and willid the town clearck to writ and sign the same, the yeare and day above : 
beinge present, Mr. Edmound Ktbowaim, mayor of Gralwey; James Linche Fitz- 
Ahbbos, and Mabtim Etbowain, bailivis; Denis Ktbowaim and Robowk Linghe 
Fitz-Henbt, proctours; Thomas Colman, notary; and others. Per me Mabtynb 
Ltnche Ftz-Chbistopheb." 

Pa^e 52, line 30. 

QUuses of divers andors — The rich windows of this ancient church were demolished 
after the wars of A.D. 1688. 

Page 53, line 12. 

Stirpe darus, — This inflated epitaph has been thus humorously translated by a 
member of the Irish Archaeological Society: 

"A Milesian by birth — ^the soldier*! dear Joy, 
A Tery young man, bat a very old boy ; 
From this wretched comity to hearen he's raised, 
Here lies Stephen Lynch, God Almighty be praised.'* 

The words ^* exdtatur" and "Martinus" in the text, are '' exaltatur" and " Stephanus" 
on the monument. 

The above epitaph is only exceeded by that of the tremendous Dutch admliul 
Tromp, at Delft ; which our inditer might have had in view : " Batavs gentis decus — 
virtutis bellies fulmen — ^Amor Civium — Hostium Terror — Ocean! stupor — ^Martinus 
•Harpertus Trompius ; cui Schola Oriens et Occidens, Mare Materia Triumphorum, 
Universus Orbis Theatrum Gloria fuit." A. D. 1554. 

Page 



86 Pedigree of Doctor Domnvch Lynch. 

Page 53, line 27. 

Archbishop of Tuam. — This yenerable prelate is said to have lived to the age of 
118 years. 

Page 54, line 1 1 . 

Mr, Peter Lynch qfSrueU. — See in Clanricarde's Memoirs, foL Lond. 1757, p. 7i 
allusion made to this " Peter Lynch of Shruell;" whom the Marquess, Id. p. 72, calls 
'^ Fierce Lynch, my tenant of ShreulL" The castle here belonged to his lordship. 
It is situate on the confines of Gal way and Mayo counties ; and near it an '* inhiiTnan 
and barbarous massacre" was committed in February, A. D. 1641; of which see a 
narrative in Lodge*s "Feerage of Ireland," vol.iL p. 331, first edition; and vol. iv. 
p. 239, edition by Archdall, A.D. 1789. This narrative has been compiled from the 
depositions of " Mr. John Gouldsmith, parson of Brashowle" (Burrishoole\ in Mayo, 
and others; which depositions are now preserved in the MS. Library of Trinity Col- 
lege, Dublin, F. 3. I. The following passage, Mayo Volume, p. 5, omitted by Lodge, 
may be considered curious : '* Deponent" (John Gouldsmith) '^having been a Romish 
^^ (mc in orig.) and converted to the Protestant religion by the light of God's truth. 



and therefore more hated than any other by the Papists. The rebells coming to his house 

at midnight, the day of. , i64i» presented their sharp skeines to his throate, ' 

robbed him then and other times of all his goods, worth about £500; and forcibly ex- 
pelled him from.his church- living and lands, worth £100 per annum. Having heard and 
being told by some of his neighbours, that he had no waye to save his life but by going 
to masse, he fled away, and was pursued by Edm.ond O'Maley M^. Laughlin, who besett 
the house whither he was fled, with about 20 of his men, saying unto him, ' M'. Gould- 
smith doe you remember how your £nglish have served us. How they slitt our noses 
and scared our faces; come forth.' And was so bitter against this deponent, that, 
had not a frier begged for him upon his knees, (as the neighbours told him) he had 
cut out the deponent's tongue. At length, with much difficulty, deponent escaped to 
the Lord of Mayo's house; and was the second man that was robbed in the county of 
Mayo, as he supposeth." The deponent further states, among other matters also 
omitted by Lodge in the narrative, that " he was in the coimty of Westmeath, as a 
Protestant clergyman." He was the ancestor (grandfather?) of Oliver Goldsmith, our 
highly gifted poet and essayist, but superficial and prejudiced historian; for proof of 
which see that part of his History of England that treats of the affairs of Ireland in 
the seventeenth century. There is a tradition current in the counties of Westmeath 
and Roscommon, that the poet was descended from a friar, whom the people designate 
by an epithet too gross to be mentioned here. That tradition^ is in some degree sup- 
ported 



Pedigree of Doctor Domnick Lynch. 87 

ported by the testimonj aboye quoted. These particulars were, probably, unknown 
to Doctor Prior, the elegant biographer of Goldsmith. 

Pcige $6y line 19. 

Kirovan^-^ very renowned man. — This was the celebrated Francis Kirwan^ Bishop 
of Killala, whose life, written by Doctor ^ohn Lynch, is mentioned p. 68, (note). 
The compilers of the foregoing pedigree have erroneously stated, that Doctor Kirwan 
died in A. D. 1654; but it appears from his life, that he was banished from Ireland in 
A. D. 1655, ^^^ ^^^^ ^ death took place at Bennes, in France, on 27th August, 
A. D. 1 61 6. Icon, p. 102: ^^die 27 Augusti hora noctis undecima, ultimum emisit 
spiritus. — et die Dominica, postridie illius diei qua extinctus est, concionatores eum 
fuisse yirum prssdicabant, cujus vita pluriinam sanctitatem redolebat." — ^p. 103. See 
also Hik. Dominicana^ p. 490. Some additional light might be thrown on the life of 
this venerable prelate, but here it would be irrelevant. 

The family of Kirwan, rede O'Kirwan (ua Ciappabon), is purely Irish, and not of 
Saxon or Anglo-Norman origin, as has been erroneously supposed by some members 
of the name. This is a fact which was well-known to the late distinguished philoso- 
pher, Richard Kirwan, a member of this family, who was an honour to his name and 
country; and it was by him duly appreciated. That learned individual considered 
the Milesian families of Ireland, if not superior, to be, at least, no way inferior to the 
English or Anglo-Norman adventurers, who first came hither in the twelfth centuiy. 
The following judicial document, relating to this family of O'Kirwan, is taken from 
the original, dated A. D. 1485, preserved in the Collegiate Library of Galway. 

" Universis Christi ^deUbus ad quos presens scriptum pervenerit, WillokeLynche, 
superior ville de Gralwy, Johannes Lynche fyz-Edmundi prepositus, et sui combur- 
genses de Galwy, salutem in Domino sempiternam. Noverit imiversitas vestra quod, 
aparentibus coram nobis, Davide G^Kyrrvayn et dominis Waltero, Thoma et Johanne 
suis germanis, ex parte ima, et Davide Bodikyn ex parte altera, prelatus David et sui 
germani conquerelbantur super prefato Davide Bodikyn, pro eo quod ipse eos impedi- 
ebat fabricare quandam domum, in quadam pkcea impignorata pro sua dote Elene yny 
Kyrrvayn germane eorundem, relicte bone memorie Edmundi Bodikyn, videlicet, con- 
tra vim et formam sentencie in nostra curia, in causa ejusdem dotis quondam late, pre- 
fato vero Davide Bodikyn ex adverse, eodem instanti proponente prefatos, ante omnia 
juxta formam ejusdem sententie teneri probare tradicionem ejusdem dotis, quomodo, 
qualiter et quantum tradiderunt, certam diem et horon eidem Davidi et suis germanis 
ad probandam traditionem ejusdem dotis, et quomodo, qualiter et quantum tradide- 
runt, assignavimus ; quo die et hora advenientibus, partibusque coram nobis compa- 
rientibus, prefatus David et sui germani predicti satis lucolenter, per sufficientes evi- 

dencias 



88 * Pedigree of Doctor Domnick Lynch. 

dendas et experimenta formaliter producta, probaverunt se solvere prefato Edmundo 
Bodikyn, in dotem et maritagium ejusdem Elene sue germane, realiter et cum effecto, 
duodecem libras, qnindecem solidos et duos denarios. Ideoque nos predict! superior, 
propositus et nostri comburgenses eidem prime sume omnino adherentes, judicavimus, 
sicut per presentes judicamus, predictam placeam titulo pignoris pro summa dotis pre- 
dicta obligari prefato Davidi ffKyrrvayn et suis germanis predictis, quousque de pre- 
fata summa plenarie effectualiter fuerint persoluti, fructus et obvenciones ejusdem 
pignoris, durante titulo ejusdem, Hbere perdpiendo : lignea eciam edificia, quociens aut 
quando opus ^erit, durante titulo ejusdem pignoris, sine impedimento aliquo,fabricantes 
et fabricata repa3:antes ; quos yero Davidem et suos germanos predictos in possessionem 
ejusdem pignoris induximus et inducimus, per presentes. Ita tamen quod omnia et 
singula que probabit prefatus David Bodikyn, per satissufficientes probationes, prefa- 
tam Elenam ex bonis prefati Edmund! sui conjugis sine satissufficienti titulo adeptam 
faisse, demantur omnino de summa pignoris predicta. De quibus omnibus et singulis, 
infrascriptum publicum notarium banc sententiam in banc publicam formam redigere 
facimus. Hec sententia lata est apud Gralwej, tertio die mensis Septembris, Anno 
Domini millesimo cccc^ Ixxxv^. et regni Regis Ricardi tercii anno tercio. 

'* Et ego vero, Willielmus Molgan, clericus Enachdunensis diocesis, publi- 
cus, auctoritate Imperial!, notariusque, cum omnia et singida premissa, 
sic et premittitur, fierent, dicerentur et agerentur presens interfui, 
eaque omnia et singula sic fieri vidi et audivi Ideoque jussu et rogatu 
predictorum superioris, prepositi et suorum comburgensium, anno, die, 
mense et loco quibus supra, indicatione vero tercia, pontificatus Domini 
Innocencii pape YIII. anno secimdo, in banc pubHcam formam red^i, 
signo et nomine meis solitis et consuetis signavi, rogatus et requisitus, 
in fidem et testimonium omnium et singulorum premissorum.^' 

After this time, the O'Kirwans, in order to Anglicize their name, divested it of the 
national O; but without that prefix, the name cannot be expressed in the Irish 
language. This antinational practice of Anglicizing Irish stimames, has been preva* 
lent for the two last centuries. 

Fa^ 56, line 28. 
D. John BaptUta Bebudno, — Rinuccini. — Hib. Dom, p. 650. 

Belationa of said /a. Domnick Lynch, — Some of these distinguished individuals will 
be found noticed in De BurgO| Hib. Dom. ; and Ware, De Scriptor. Hib., Harris's Ed* 

See 



Pedigree of Doctor Domnick Lynch 8g 

See the former, p. 522, for an account of " Fa. Nicholas Lynch, of the order of Preach- 
ers;" where he is called, " Vir pius, et Rosarii Restaurator Galvi«, ac per totum 
Regnmn Propagator zelosissimus : Id, p. 588, '^ Dominicus Lincseus, Vir (inquam testis 
ocnlatus) vere pius, suique Instituti custos integerrimus, cujus Yultus plane ange- 
licus prsedarum aliquid supra humanum semper prceseferebaf See also Harris's 
Ware, voL iL pp. 166 and 191, for notices of Fa. Richard Lynch and Stephen Lynch, 
and their writings* The latter was generally called Stephanus a Gralvia. The pub- 
lished works of these learned men have been carefully preserved in the Collegiate 

Library in Galway. 

Page 58, line 6. 

Sir Robert Lynchy Barrtmet. — Ancestor of Sir Robert Lynch Blosse, of Castle Carra, 
in the county of Mayo, Baronet 

Page gS, line 12. 

Sir Richard Blake, — Ancestor of the Right Honorable Lord Baron Wallscourt 

Page ^S, line 13. 

Geoffiry Brown, —Ancestor of the Right Honorable Lord Baron Oranmore and 

Browne. 

Page 58, line 19. 

(ySaghnis9g. — O'Shaughnessy. For an interesting account of this once renowned, 
but now reduced Milesian race, see '* The Grenealogies, Tribes, and Customs of Hy- 
Fiachrach," p. 372, lately published by the Irish Archaeological Society. Sir Roger 
O'Shaughnessy alluded to in the text, is thus noticed in Vita Kirovani: '* Nee admisit 
[AUadeim»\ munificentiam non multum absimilem ei ^ D, Rogero 6 Sachnesy exhi- 
bitam, nobilissimo equite aurato nemini totius Connacise, cum a Marchione [^Clanri- 
cardice^ discesseris, hospitalitate liberalitateque secundo. Nimirum ad quosvis hospito 
excipiendos donisque afficiendos addictissimus iuit ; ut ejus valvis apponi potuerit 
decantatailla inscriptio: Porta patens esto, nulli claudaris honesto. Instar progeni- 
toris sui Guarii Connacias quondam Regis, qui ad liberalitatem omnibus prsestandam 
adeo propensus fuit ; ut, cum summse liberalitatis elogio aliquem efferimus, Guario 
munificentiorem esse dicamus." — /con, p. 68. The fate of this great family affords a 
use^ lesson. While the descendants of the burghers of Galway, who "followed in- 
dustry," are numbered with the nobles of the land, those of the Milesian chiefs, and 
among them of the " Lord O'Saghnissy," who " despised industry," are numbered with 
its beggars. The lineal representative of this " lord of many vassals," exemplifies the 
moral. He now stands shorn of " the many lands," but is always ready to make 
reprisals, by shearing others ; for he is, as we are told in the curious treatise on Hy- 

IRISH ARCH. SOC. MISCELL. VOL. I. N Fiachrach 



90 Poem by Gratianua Lucius, 

Fiachrach just referred to, an humble member of the '* ancient and honourable fra- 
ternity" of barbers. Sic transit gloria mundi. 

The Editor cannot close these notices, without expressing his acknowledgment to 
an amiable and respectable member of the family to which they relate. Miss Julia 
Maria Lynch of Galway, whose father, the late Pierce Lynch, £sq., of Dangan, was 
the lineal representative of an ancient branch of his name. This excellent lady, with 
some of the old possessions, inherits the more valuable virtues of her ancestors ; and, 
by communicating the curious docimient here inserted, has helped to raise an honour- 
able and permanent monument to their memory. 

J.H. 



Art. V. — Poem by Gratianua Lucius, alias Doctor John Lynch^ Author 
of Cambrensis Eversus^ in Reply to the Question " Cur in patriam 
non redisF" 

Visendi patrios valido trahor impete fines, 

nam natalis humtLs me pius urit amor, 
In qua vagitus emisi pusio primes, 

et pressi teneris ubera grata labris. 
In qua doctrinse posui tyrocinia ; frontis 

forma meas cum juvenilis erat, 
Dulcis lerne suo gremio me fovit adultum, 

dum licuit mystas munus obire mihi. 
Hoc in terdenas impendi munere messes : 

interea excolui Palladis arte rudes. 
Sed sacra pertassus domuum celebrare latebris, 

in templo optavi nostra videre sacra. 
Annuit Omnipotens votis. Patuere tot annos 

ante per haereticos ostia clausa feros. 
Sic tandem penitus voti damnatus, ad annos 

possedit denos gaudia summa sinus. 

Hac ego lastitiS, perfusus carmina dixi, 

edita voce pii quae Simeonis erant. 

Nunc 



Author of Cambrensis Eversus. 91 

" Nunc servum dimitte tuum, Deus alme, videre 

aetemam requiem ccelicoltimque chores." 
Nam mea viderunt in templis lumina palam 

Catholico ritu numina vestra coli. 
Hancce voluptatem coeli mihi Rector ademit, 

meque peregrinum passus adire solum est 
Mens avet ad patrios rursum remeare penates, 

multa iter at sistunt impedimenta meum. 
Edideram libros, et in his ego culpo ministros 

Regis supremos, nil nisi vera loquens. 
Non dubito me quin odiis sectentur iniquis, 

et timeo frangant ne mihi reste gulam, 
Impete nam mentis mage quam ratione feruntur, 

illis pro quovis jure libido sua est 
Nee capiti nostro impendere pericla timerem, 

ast etiam hospitibus certa ruina forem ; 
Quos libertatis vel opum perferre necesse est 

jacturam, pandant si sua tecta mihi. 
Nee delatorum gravis et densissima turba 

me permisissent delituisse diu, 
Malo timere nimis, mihi quam prudentia desit, 

facundo orator dixerat ore sagax*. 
Sed dices scripti nunc nulla memoria vestri est, 

illam tempus edax oblivione delet. 

In silicis venis ardens est flamma sopita, 

qu» ferri aflFrictu protinus icta micat ^. 

Sic 

* The words *' Pro Marcello'' are added Marcello: '* Tua enim nostra cautio est : 
in the margin, opposite to this line in the ut, si in alterutro peccandum sit, malim 
manuscript; referring evidently to the yideri nimis timidus quam panim pru- 
foUowing passage in Cicero's Oration Pro dens." 

N2 



92 Poem by Graiianus Lucius, 

Sic quando in patria cemar tellure morari, 

homm quae scrips! mox memor hostis erit. 
Justa videtur ei magnum reprehensio crimen, 

cui fuerat sceleris debita poena gravis. 
Si patrem laesi, patris ultor filius in me 

acria patxiti tela furoris aget, 
Audio magnates aliquos mihi velle favere, 

sunt alii, quibus est mens inimica mihi. 
Hi me dum cruciant, illi sua tergora vertent, 

meque premente uno, non feret alter opem. 
Finge age secure mihi nulla pericla parari, 

et me per quasvis pergere posse vias. 
Ipsa senectutis tristis torpedo labores 

vel modicos etiam me tolerare vetat. 
Nunc in Catholicos legum non stringitur ensis, 

irapune exercent jam sua rite sacra. 
Intervalla febris sicut sunt lucida, ceu cimi 

post placidum flustrum saBva procella fiirit. 
Sic post hanc pacem tempestas dira sequetur, 

qua se cogetur condere mysta specu. 
Quid mihi tum fiet, latebras cui quaerere vires 

jam desunt, etiam flaccida membra labant? 
Hinc fit ut officiimi non sim facturus amicis, 

sim detrimentum, simque futurus onus. 
His magis exiliimi, patriae, mihi proderit, in quo, 

e Ccelo his animae defluat oro salus. 
In patria scriptis mea tota industria sudat 

ornandS,, hie mens est nocte dieque labor. 
Fors optanda Deus nobis haec otia fecit, 

quae non sunt operfi, praetereunda levi, 

Verum 



Author of Cambrensis Eversus. 93 

Verum pro patrift sunt impendenda labori, 

quae licet absent! semper amata mihi est. 
Sed nee omitto vacare mihi, numenque precari, 

eluere et vitae crimen adomo mese. 
Non potent superesse diu grandaevus, et annos 

florentes crebro mors inopina rapit 
Exitus e vitA mihi certo certius instat. 

ut mihi sit felix summa laboro dies, 
Missio militibus veteranis traditur. Ergo 

post annos actos est mihi danda quies. 
Hlc animas multo magis indulgebo saluti, 

in patri» quam si finibus ipse forem. 
Me jam decrepitum putris tenet ora sepulchri, 

inter viventes est mihi parva mora, 
Non opus est igitur patriis ut deferar oris, 

quaeritur hand tanto tumba labore procul. 
Improbus hie miles non clamat voce tonante, 

in vinclum propere, perfide mysta, veni 
Non htc nos quartum tabulatum ascendimus ultra, 

ut nobis fiat concio sive sacrum. 
Grandibus in templis palam veneranda locatur, 

non in despectis hostia sacra casis. 
Cunctis Catholici fit aperta professio cultfls, 

orgia Calvini rams adire solet 
In patrift haereticis templum clangoribus horret, 

quod cantu vidi personuisse sacro. 
Orgia Calvin[i] sanctas ba[c]chantur ad aras, 

in quibus oblata est hostia sacra prius. 
Non ego luminibus queo talia cemere siccis, 

horrorem incutiunt auribus ista meis. 

Certior 



p4 Poem by Gratianus Lrmus, 

Certior ergo salus peregre est, ubi sumina propinquat 

lux mihi, morsque meas decubat ante fores. 
Jussit Abrahamum natali excedere terr& 

Omnipotens, jussis paruit ille Dei. 
Nimirum melius peregre quis numen adorat, 

finibus in patnis quam sine fine manens. 
Si semper fuero longinquis advena terns, 

sic TTiihi felicius conciliabo Deum. 
Mentis inops is habetur, qui discriminis expers 

ultro se certis objicit ipse malis. 
V'in me sedatam turbis mutare quietem, 

inque pericla sciens indubitata ruam. 
V'in stans in portu caput objectare procellis, 

et me securum Vin trepidare metu. 
Libertate finior, qu& me spoliare laboras, 

libertas vit& est plus adamata mihi. 
Libertas etenim quovis non venditur auro, 

ergo servitio est anteferenda meo, 
Libertatis amans, rude jam donatus, acerbi 

rursus ego domini nolo subire jugum. 
Hie mihi dicendi quicquid libet ampla potestas 

fit, voces ardet carpere nemo meas. 
At quando nostro quid acerbius excidit ori 

in patriis oris, carptor iniquus adest, 
Qui verborum apices rimabitur usque meduUam, 

torquebitque meos in mala sensa sonos, 
Forsitan et vitas parient mea dicta ruinam, 

insidiatori si minus ilia placent. 
Fac tamen in patriam sit eundi facta potestas, 

et nullus nobis objiciatur obex. 

Qua 



Author of Cambrensis Ever sits, 95 

Qua ratione sail poterunt tolerare labores 

sevo confecti membra caduca senis, 
Esto etiam salvus patriis fors advehar oris, 

prodero quid ? passus tsedia tanta maris 
Nil mihi plus volupe est quam notos cernere vultus, 

quam me natali vivere posse solo. 
Gratius haud quicquam est quam me, post fata, sepulchro 

inferri, ante meum quod genus omne tegit. 
Cum tamen optatum numen donare recuset, 

illius ad nutum defero velle meum. 
Cognovi plures auro fundisque valentes, 

quels nunc accepi vix superesse cibum, 
Nobiliimi natas, paribus quae nubere suetas, 

abjectae plebis nunc juvat esse nurus, 
Magnatum haeredibus, quibus ingens copia rerum 

parta fuit, vili quaeritur arte lucrum. 
Sidera lambentis qui mox fiiit incola tecti, 

cogitur exiguis nimc habitare casis. 
Auro qui fuerat permultis dives et agris, 

hie nunc mendicat, quem dabat ante, cibum. 
O quam sunt multi, mirabar quos modo Croesos, 

quos nunc mendicos cemo repente Codros. 
MUlia multa yir&m sxmt ad Graramantas et Indos 

amandata procul, quae periere situ. 
Ilis, qui non cessere domo, vis publica crebris 

sumptibus exiguas eripiebat opes. 
Quindenas hyemes dulcis me Gallia nutrit, 

tamque diu patrias finibus exul ago. 
Aut Libitina meos vitas subtraxit amicos, 

natali infelix exiliumve solo. 

Sedibus 



p6 Poem by (hatianus Lucius^ 

SedibuB et faustus tenuit quos casus anilis, 

exhaustos victus non nisi pauper alit. 
Qui fortunati me discedente fiierunt, 

vel vit& dudum vel caruere bonis. 
Ees igitur patriae mentem vel lumina Isedent, 

certa sed exilio hoc est mihi parta salus. 
Est miTii sola salus peregre discriminis expers 

in patrifi, nil quam triste videre licet, 
Tranquillum mentis statum praepono dolori. 

Ergo peregrina est vita colenda mihi. 



NOTES. 

The foregoing poem, which is now for the first time printed, from the author's 
autograph, in the possession of the Editor, was written about A. D. 1667% by Doctor 
John Lynch (well known to the learned by the name of Gratianus Lucius), I(. C. Arch- 
deacon of Tuam, and afterwards R. C. Bishop of Killala in Ireland. See De Burgo's 
Hibemia Bominieanay p. 30, note (9), where Doctor L3mch is mentioned as " Vicarius 
Apostolicus Alladensis." He composed this poem during his exile in France, in reply 
to the question, " Cur in patriam non redis ?" " Why do you not return to your native 
land ?" and in it he has detailed, in an affecting strain, the several reasons which de- 
terred him from so doing. It was probably unfinished, as some few false quantities may 
be detected ; for example, in p. 91, " obUvione," line 24 ; "sopita," line 25 ; p. 93, 
" palam,"line2i. An account of Doctor Lynches printed works is given in Harris's 
Ware, voLiL p. 163. See also Nicholson's Irish Historical Library, p. 2 ; and ante, 

p. 68, 

* This date is ascertained from the foUowing paBsage in tfae poem, p. 96 : 

*' Qoindenas hyemes dolcis me Gallia nutrit, 
tamque diu patrie fintbus ezul ago." 

Bishop Nicholson, in his Irish Historical Library, states tliat Doctor John Lynch fled into France, 
when Galway was surrendered to the Parliamentary forces ; which erent, as appears from our author 
himself in Icon, p. 77, took place on the 12th of April, 1652. 



Author of Cambrensis Eversus, 97 

p. 68, note. Those works, and particularly that entitled " Cambrensis Eversns," 
which is the most celebrated and valuable of them all, will be found to furnish the 
best commentary on the present poem. 

That able and learned refutation of Cambrensis, which ought to be in the hands of 
every student of Irish histor}', contains most of the facts and sentiments to which the 
author has here given expression. The work opens with great dignity, in an avowal 
of the exile's devotion to his native land, addressed to King Charles the Second, after 
his restoration: **Patri» studium (Serenissime Rex) adeo alte pectori meo semper 
insedit, ut, licet ab ejus aspectu meos oculos vis hostilis avtdserit ; in conditione ta- 
men ejus contemplanda, cogitationes meas assidue defixerim ; quas ad gentis mes 
famam invidorum dentibus misere discerptam, integritati pristinse vendicandam trans- 
tuli." — Epist Bedicataria, He then lays it down as a general principle, that the same 
feeling is strongly implanted by nature in the minds of all men : " Natura patrieB studium 
ade6 vehemens hominum animis insevit, ut illi, quos sua sors, aut aliena vis in regi- 
onibus h patria remotissimis collocavit, cohibere se non possint, quin animus in rebus 
patriis cogitatione percurrendis assidue versetur. Nam sicut heliotropium abeun- 
tem solem semper intuetur, omnibusque horis cum eo vertitur, vel nubilo obum- 
brante : Sic natures quodam impetu ferimur omnes, ut omni charitatis inclinatione 
mens nostra in patriam propendeat. Siquidem soli cogitationes omnes in ea defigimus, 
et in hominum consortio constituti, de ilia sermonem instituimus ; Nee possumus ab 
ea, quamvis srumnarum nube obtecta, cogitationes avertere." — Cambr, Evera. p. 4. 

The operation of this noble feeling is thus beautifully illustrated: ** Ferunt aquilae 
nidum struenti alias aves opem ferre, et banc odorifera ligna< illam lauri frondes, unam 
pini ramos, aliam moUes plumas nido fabricando subministrare: singulis pro sua fa- 
cultate studium suum et obsequium avium principi testari connitentibus. Animalculis 
scilicet istis nos informantibus, ut dotem, qua quemque nostrum vel natura imbuit, 
vel industria excoluit, ad patriie laborantis opitulationem conferamus; et ut hie 
manu, ille consilio, unus consolatione, alius precibus ad Deum fusis, eam ab interitu 
revocare nitatur." — Id. p. 5. 

The author, turning his thoughts towards his own country, thus lays before the 
King a short statement of some of the proceedings of the Parliamentary party there: 
*^ Per totum Christianum orbem lex dudum et consuetude tulit, ut una Christianas 
religionis professio servituti quemque subduceret: tui tamen Hiberni ab uxorum li- 
berorum complexu abrepti ad Indias k togatis quibusdam vulturibus deportati sub 
hasta veneimt. Ita ingenui homines mancipii conditionem subire, et ministeria in- 
usitatd quadam vilitatis novitate abjecta obire coguntut. Isti enim ins ti tores ad 
negotiationem Indicam designati Publicanos per jocum rogare consueverunt ut, cum 

IBI8H ABGH. 80C. MISCELL. VOL. I. O ex 



j 98 Poem by Chaiianus Lucius. 



ex Hibemis, post fortunas omnes publicis sumptibus exhaustas, succmn omnem tarn- 
quam e malls aureis expresserint, turn eorum corpora tanquam malorum aureomm 
cortices ipsis largiantur, e quibus non mediocre compendium deinde perciperent 
Quamobrem dati sunt in preedam infantes Hibemorum, et uxores eorum in divisi- 
onem, et civitates eorum in exterminium, et sancta eorum in pollutionem, ut fierent 
opprobrium gentibus : Judith, 4," — Epist. Dedicatoria, 

In the following stanza of our poem, see p. 95, allusion is made to the town of his 
birth, its magnificent buildings, and the misery to which its once wealthy citizens 
were reduced by the vicissitudes of war : 

" Sidera lambentis qui moz fuit incola tecti, 
cogitur eziguis none habitare casis. 
Anro qui faerat permultiB diTes et agris, 
hie nunc mendicat, quern dabat ante, cibum/' 

In thePii Antistitis Icon (videi^. 68, ante)^ the subjects of this stanza are more amply 
detailed : '^ In occidua Hibemiae regione celebre Gralvie oppidum Connaci® caput visi- 
tur ; qu8B non ita pridem civibus frequens, negotiatoribiis fervens, opibus florens fuit : 
Illud muri e viridi marmore pluribus firmati turribus, et sedes ex eodem saxo in qua- 
tuor aut quinque contignationum altitudinem ut plurimum exurgentem [ ? exurgentes] 
et platen quam amplissims adomant ; elegans omnium partium symmetria concinnat'' 
— Icon, p. 2. *' Prater tria Dei flagella, famis, pestis et belli, quae cives plurimum infesta- 
bant, quartum Dei fiagellum aliqui fuisse dictitabant hebdomadariam stipendii militaris 
exactionem, quae tantcl cum atrocitate fiebat, ut nisi singulis sabbathi diebus, tub4 ca- 
nente, ac tympano personante, indictum stipendium ad amussim persolreretur, in domos 
ilico milites irruerent, et sclopulo, virorum, ac mulierum pectoribus admoto, mortem 
extemplo subeundam esse minarentur, si petita summa citra moram non exhiberetur, 
quod si, bonis, continud pensionum solutione exhaustis, solvendo non essent, culcitrse, 
spondee, lodices, mappse, disci, et obvia quseque suppellex, immo ipsae mulierum 
vestes in forum e vestigio rapiebantur, et vili pretio distrahebantur, ita ut sabbathi 
dies aliquam supremi judicii similitudinem retulisse videretur, quod tubse clangor 
utrobique parem fere terrorem audientibus incusserit." — Id, p. 85. 

The extreme rarity of our author's works can alone justify the insertion of these 
lengthened extracts ; although they have been considered necessary towards rendering 
some passages of his poem more intelligible and satisfactory to the reader. Indeed 
there are but few works on our national affairs so rare, and at the same time so valu- 
able, as those of Doctor John Lynch, particularly his " Cambrensis Eversus;*' nor are 
there any of which reprints would be more acceptable to the public, or useful to the 
student of Irish history. J. H. 



Obits of Kilcormich 99 

Art. VI. Obits of Kilcormich 

THE following obituary notices are taken from a Missal in the 
Library of Trinity College, Dublin', a MS. of the fourteenth 
or fifteenth century, formerly belonging to the Carmelite Monastery 
of the Blessed Virgin Mary, founded in Kilcormick, now Frankfort, 
in the Bang's Coimty, by Odo, or Aedh, son of Nellan O'MoUoy, at 
the beginning of the fifteenth century^ 

The obituary notices, several of which are of the 1 6th century, 
all occur in the calendar prefixed to the Missal. The first leaf, 
which contained the months of January and February, is unfortu- 
nately lost, and the calendar now begins with March. 

On the first page of the first leaf now remaining are the following 
entries in a hand of the sixteenth century : 

" Missale Kilcormick." 

" This was a booke belonging to the Abbey of Kilcormick, in the King's 
County." 

On the upper margin : 

<* Obiit tyrrletus fiUus Dathei ac Kafredus filius maricii yconcubaip, anno 
domini m°. cccc**. xc**. 3®. autumpni in inicio." 

The word Kafredus is erased, and over it, in a somewhat later 
hand, is written Karolus. 
On the lower margin : 

'' Obiit Ruoricus o'molmoy filius eiusdem niellani ac et capetaneus nacionis 
de ferkell in die parascheue anno domini m®. cccc'°*'. xxxi°. cuius anime propi- 

cietur Deus. Amen*'." 

On 

■ Class B, Tab. 3, No. i. year 1427 : " O'MoUoy [CHlaoilihuaib] 

^ Archdall Monasticon, p. 395. Fergal, lord of Fergall, died, and Eory, 

* The election of this Rory O'Molloy son of Niall O'Molloy, was elected in his 

to the chieftainship of his clan, is thus place.'' 

recorded by the Foiu: Masters at the 

O2 



I oo Obits of KUcormick, 

On the second page of the same leaf are the following entries, on 
the upper margin : 

" Memorandum, quod anno Domini m°. ccccc*. xxv. in octava die ephi- 
phanie interfecti fuerunt duo fiUi odonis ymolmoy, vz. odo et constantinus 
o'molmoy, juxta portam monasterii de Kylcormic et abstracd yiolenter ab 
ecclesia [per Karalimi o'mylmoy et suos secaces^] quorum animabus propi- 
cietur deus. Amen. Et legens dicat pr. nr. et ave m*. in refrigerium animanun 
ipsorum et aliorum omnium®." 

At the lo Kal. Maii, in the Calendar, is the following obituary 
notice of a female of the O'Conor family ; the date, written ID62, is 
probably intended for 1562: 

" A. D. ID62, obiit Sabina in i concyrr'." 
On the lower margin : 

** Obiit Karalus o'mylmoy sue nationis capitaneus in octava ephifanie et 
sepultus in Kylcormac, A. D. 1542^' 

" Interfecti fuerunt duo filii odonis y mylmoy iohannes et bemard in 
muUac alluipc, A. D. 1536." 

On the second leaf, page 1 (containing May), upper margin : 

" Obiit Karulus filius sechna vir strenuus ac omni humana gratia preditus, 
quinto die mensls maii, Anno Domini m®. cccc"°. lxxvi*°- et sepultus est in 
monasterio Beate Marie de Kylcormic in tcrtio gradu iuxta caput chori in aqui- 
lonaU parte. Cuius anime propicietur deus. Amen." 

On 

^ These words are added on the top, election of Earolus, or CathaoirO'Molloy, 

but in the same hand. to the chieftainship in 1533, where they 

• No notice of this event is to be found say " Donell O'MoUoy was slain on the 

in the Four Masters. green of Lynally, after which his brother, 

f This lady's death is not noted by the Cathaoir O'Molloy, was made chief ;" and 

Four Masters : in is for in^ean, daughter: the death of this chieftain is thus recorded 

in female names Ny is the same as in at the year 1541 : ** O'Molloy (Cathaoir) 

males, and signifies nepos^ or descendant of. a man of great name and renown in his 

« The Four Masters have recorded the time, died." 



Obits of KUcormick. i o i 

On the same page at the 2 Id. Mali, in the Calendar, is the fol- 
lowing note : 

** Hie obiit venerabilis ac diacretus vir Maister rogerus dodujgem qui fuit 
exceisi ingenii mire discrecionis magna largitatis plenus gratia et veritate coram 
Deo et omnibus sancds, anno Domini melli®. ccccc. xli. cuius anime pro- 
picietur Deus. Amen." 

And at the 1 2 KaL Junii : 

" Hie obbiit vir sine nomine ocerruayll. Qui fuit dominus et princeps eUe, 
occisus in eastro suo proprio in eluoinlesc,^ morte incogitata, et nisi predicitur im- 
provisa, et qui fuit magne sapientie et prudencie et mirabilis fortitudinis, cuius 
anime propicietur Deus Amen, in anno Domini melli™°. cccccxliV 

On the next page at i o Kal. Julii : 

" Obitus fratris oliueri druhul anno Domini 1468." 

On the first page of the third leaf, lower margin, is the following 
memorandimi : 

" Memorandum quod anno Domini m^. cccc°^^. Decimo xxviij. die mensis 
Julij. interfecti fuerunt duo filii Niellani ymohnoy, videlicet, Toorroncius et 
Tathenus per homines patrie de clanmalura, quorum animabus propicietur 
Deus. Amen." 

On the next page, at the 14 Kal. Septembris, is the following 
obit: 

'* Obitus fratris Edwardi brakan quondam prions Eilcarmic, anno Domini 

ra°. cccc°. Ix. viij*'." 

On 

^ Now Clonlisk, in the King's County, who was son of John O'Carroll, and his 

a castle which gave name to the Barony kinsmen, assisted by the son of O'Molloy, 

of Clonlisk. in the castle of Clonlisg ; but although 

* The Four Masters have given the fol- O'Carroll was an old man, he nevertheless 

lowing account of this event at the year displayed great prowess in contending 

1 541 : ** O'Carroll (Ferganainm, son of against his slayers, which gained him a 

Mulrony) was treacherously slain, he great name and renown. Twelve of his 

being blind, by Tadhg, son of Donnchadh, people were slain along with him." 



102 



Obits of KilcormicL 



On folio 4, page i , upper margin : 

" ObiitNiellanus filius Cougogri ymolmoy in vig. nativitatis Beate marie, et 
sepultus est ante magnum altare aput Kylrcarmic {dcjj Anno Domini m^. cccc. 
lxxviij°. Cuius anime propicietur Deus. Amen." 

And at 6 Id. Sept. : 

" Obiit fratris Nicholaus obrach." [O'Brachan] " prior quondam hujus mo- 
nasterii peste captus anno Domini 1536. 

On the lower margin of the same page : 

" Occissus est quondam prior deduru et famosus et largus per partes clon- 
lunam per omnes partes de dellna et cloncolman. In vigiUa mathei anno Domini 
1553 Contanus o'myhnoy filius Earali cuius anime propitietur Deus, amen.** 

On the next page of the same leaf : 

" Obitus odonis ymohnoy filii Niellani ymohnoy fundatoris nostri qui erat 
capetaneus sue nacionis, et sepultus in monasterio de Kylcarmich ante mag- 
num altare in festo sancti remigii. Anno Domini m^. cccc™®. P. iiij^. cuius anime 
propicietur Deus. Amen^." 

At the 1 1 Kal. Nov. on the same page : 

" Dedicatio monasterii de Kylcarmic. Duplex festum." 

On 



J This event is recorded by the Four 
Masters, as follows : '^ A. D. 1454, Hugh 
[the same name as Odo], the son of Niall 
O'Molloy, lord of Fear Ceall, died, and 
his son Cucogry assumed his place. Cu- 
cogry repaired with his troops to the east 
of Fear Ceall, to oppose Theobald O'Mol- 
loy (who was endeavouring to obtain the 
chieftainship for himself), and seized upon 
great spoils, Theobald having left his 
fortresses and his cows unprotected. With 
these spoils the forces marched off, and 



O'Molloy's son was left, attended only by 
a few, in the rear of the booty. Theobald 
O'Molloy, the sons of Hugh Boy Ma- 
geoghegan, and the Hy-Regan [O'Dunns] 
pursued the plunderers, and overtaking 
O'Molloy's son on the borders of a bog, 
slew him and several others there. Teige 
O'CarroU then put Theobald in nomina- 
tion for the chieftainship, and others set 
up the grandson of Cosnamhach O'Molloy 
in opposition." 



Obits of KUcormich 



103 



On the upper margin of fol. 5, p. i : 

" Obiit arturus o'mylmoy sue nacionis capitaneus, anno Domini 1567^." 

At the 7 Kal. Decemb. on the same page : 

" Obitus fratris rorici ymurissa, anno Domini 1568." 

On the upper margin of next page : 

** Interfectus fuit Odo Juvenis Omybnoy sue nacionis capitaneus xii. Kal. 
Januarii anno Domini 157" [jsic; forsitan pro 1577] "cuius anime propitietur 
Deus. Amen." 

At the end of the last page of the volume, there is the following 
curious Irish deed ; the substance of it is recited in Latin in a more 
modem hand, just above the Irish original, but the writer has left it 
unfinished : 

" Hoc scriptum fuit factimi in die sancti Mathei apostoli et evangeUste, inter 
fratres de Kylcarmic ex una parte, et thebtum [Theobaldum] filium donati et 
vxorem eius ex altera parte, circa contractus feudi quod in villa vadi flavi est. 
Et ista sunt debita fratrum . xvij. vace, et ex illis vacis sunt vij 

Then follows the Irish original, of which a translation is here 
added : 



" Qcfo moinnciup do pmne loep Ci- 
poiD mac DonncoD ajup na bpacpi j, 
ajup a bfn ajup a clann, ajup la yel 
rOeaca I'uijipjeloo fjpiba e, ajup fpe 
ip epeacc oon omnoiup, j. na bpairpij 
DO bi ac cabaipc 351U oo'n muinncep po ep 
acuiD DO baiUe Qra buioe, ajup ip mup 
po rujooap in jeall amach, .1. en bo 



" This is the Indenture that was made 
between Theobald the son of Donogh, and 
the friars, and his wife and his children, 
and on the day of the festival of Matthew 
Evangelist it was written, and the tenor 
of the indenture is, that the friars are to 
give these people a pledge for their part 
of Uaile Atha-buidhe^ ; and this is the 

way 



^ Art O'Molloy was chief in 1557, but Four Masters. 
was deposed by the English, who set up ^ Now Ballyboy ; it was one of the chief 

Theobald O'Molloy in his room. — See the seats of the O'Molloy family. When the 



I04 



Obits of Kikormich 



oeaj DO c-Seaan o TDaolmuaio, ajuf oa 
ba DO mac TTluipceapcaiD mic QoDa,a^up 
ceirpi ba oo Cipoio pen, aj;up piao po na 
ba cu^ooap na bpacpi amac. i. ba aile in- 
15CID innlaoj; ajup a pa^il pan aimpp 
a nDedpnao in pypiBneopnecc. Q5UP 
ac po in bia aca ap na bpdirpib na oia 
i^yn^ .i.bia cearpaip ^aca paocij do peip 
jnarij na cipe. Qnnal in cijeapna. 
mile bliaoain ayup 5 c. bliaoain ayup 
qii bliaona. 



way the pledge is to be distributed, viz. 
eleven cows to John O'Molloy, and two 
cows to the son of Mortogh, son of Hugh, 
and four cows to Theobald himself ; and 
these are the sort of cows the friars haye 
undertaken to give away, viz., beautiful, 
fat> and in calf cows, and to be given up 
at the time of perfecting this writing. 
And this is the food that the friars owe 
along with that, viz., the food of four 
persons each quarter of a year, according 
to the custom of the country. The annals 
of the Lord are one thousand five hundred 
and three years." 



It will be convenient to collect here in chronological order, the 
historical facts recorded in the foregoing entries, as they contain 
almost all that is known respecting the Abbey of St. Mary's, of Kil- 
cormick. They were the onty source of Archdall's information on 
the subject, who has quoted them, not from the original MS., but 
from King's collections, and consequently has fallen into some mis- 
takes, which will be pointed out in the notes. 

" 1410. July 28. Terence and Tathen OMolloy, the sonsofNiall, were 
killed by the men of Clonmalura." 

"1427. [O'MoUoy Fergal, Lord of Fercall, died; and Rory, son of Ni all 
O'Molloy, was elected in his place."] — Fmir Masters. 

" 1431. On Good Friday", died Rory O'MoUoy, son of Niall, and chieftain 



of Fergal/' 



King's County was made shire ground, 
Ballyboy became the head of a barony 
which retains its name to this day. — Mr, 
O* Donovan, 

^ Archdall (p. 396), tells us that this 
Rory O'MoIloy ** died on Whitsunday in 



'* 1454- 
this year," for which he quotes " Calen- 
dar cujusdam Missal, in Bibliotheca Coll. 
Dubl. King, p. 247." He [or his autho- 
rity. King] evidently fancied that paras- 
eeve meant Whitsunday — See p. 99. 



Obits ofKilcormich 105 

" 1454- On the feast of St. Remigius (Oct. ist), died Hugh orOdo O'Mol- 
loj, son of l^all, Lord of Fergal, and founder of the Abbey of Edlconnick. He 
was buried in the Monastery, before the high altar/' [Cugogry , son of Hugh 
O'Molloy, succeeded him in the chieftainship. — Four Masters, — See note,p. 102.] 

" 1468. June 22nd. Died, Friar Oliver Druhul." 

'^ Aug. 19th. Died Edmund Brakan, Prior of Kilcormick." 

** 1476." May 5th. Died Charles O'MoUoy, son of Sechna, a brave man, 
endowed with every human grace ; he was buried in the Monastery of St. Mary 
of Kilcormick, at the third step, near the head of the choir on the north side." 

"1478. Died, on the vigil of the Nativity of St. Mary (Sept 7th), Niall, 
son of Cucogry O'MoUoy, who is buried before the high altar at Kilcormick." 

^ 1493. Died, at the beginning of autumn, Turlath, son of Dathi, and 
Kafred [Geoffry], or [according to the correction — see p. g^'] Charles, son of 
Maurice O'Conor." 

*' 1503. On the feast of St. Matthew the Evangelist (Sept. 21st), a deed 
was executed between Theobald O'MoUoy, son of Donogh, and his wife on the 
one part, and the Friars of Kilcormick on the other.** — See p. 103. 

** 1525. On the Octave of the Epiphany (Jan. 13th), the two sons of Hugh 
(or Odo) O'Molloy, viz. Hugh (or Odo) and Constantino, were violently 
dragged from the church by Charles O^Molloy and his followers, and slain near 
the gate of the Monastery of Kilcormick." 

"1533. [Donell O'Molloy was slain on the green of Lynally, and his 
brother, Charles O'Molloy, was made chief."] — Four Masters. 

*• 1536. John and Bernard, the two sons of Hugh (or Odo) O'Molloy, were 
slain at Mullach AUuirc." 

** Sept. 8th. Died of the plague. Friar Nicholas O'Brachan, Prior of Kilcor- 
mick." 

" 1 54 1. May 14th. Died Master Roger Doduygem, a venerable and discreet 
man, of lofty genius, of marvellous discretion, and of great liberality, full of grace 
and truth before God and all saints.** — See p. 10 1. 

'* May 2 1 St. Fer gan ainm (i. e. vir sine nomine) 0*Carroll, son of Mulrony, 
Lord and Chief of Ely, was treacherously slain, he being blind, in his own 
castle at Clonlisk. He was a man of great wisdom and prudence, and of won- 
derful 
n Archdall makes this date 1479* 

IBISH ABCH. 80C. MI8CSLL. VOL. I. P 



io6 Ancient Testaments. 

derful valour. He was slain by Tadhg, son of Donnchadhi Bcm of John O'Garroll'* 
— See p. loi, and note K 

'* 1542. Charles CMoUoy, ohief of his tribe, died on the Oetave of the 
Epiphany (Jan. 13th), and was buried at Kilcormick." [A inan of great iiame 
and renown in his time. — Four MastersJ] 

** 1553. Contan O'Molloy, son of Charles, Prior of Duru [Duirow?] was 
slain on the Vigil of St. Matthew (Sept. 20th). A man famous and generous 
through the region of Clonlune, throughout DeUna, and Qonoolman^*." 

" 1562. April 22. Died SaWna Ny Conor." 

" 1567. Died Arthur CMoUoy, chief of his tribe." 

" 1568. Nov. 25. Died Friar Rory O'Morrissy." 

" 1577. Hugh (or Odo) O'Molloy, the yoxmger, chief of his tribe, was 

killed, Dec. 2i8t.*' 

J. H. T. 



Akt. VII. Ancient Testaments. 

THE two following testaments are printed from copies preserved 
in the Charter Book of the Corporation of the city of Dublin, 
fol. 71 d. tod 72. They bear the dates of 1388 and 1440, and are, 
perhaps, the earliest wills on record in this country. The Preroga 
tive Court does not possess any original will or copy previous to 1536, 
and 1457 is the earliest date in the registry of Michael Treguiy, Arch- 
bishop of Dubhn, from 1449 to 1471, now in the Library of Trinity 
College. 

Inventarium omnium bonorum Johannis Hamoimd conditum 

die 

* This entry is not noticed by ArchdalL colman'' and '' In vigilia" in the entry, ad 

It may seem not quite certain whether the it is printed p. 102, is a mistake of the 

Prior of Dnru and Contan O'Molloy were press, and does not occur in the MS., al* 

not two different personages; but I am though '* In'' is written with a capital I, 

inclined to think they were the same, which misled the printer. 
The full stop between the words '^ Clon- 



Ancient Testaments. 107 

die Martis proxiino post festum exaltacionis Sancte Crucis, anno 
domini miUesimo ccc^ Ixxxviij''. In primis zvi. cocleaiia precii xvi. s. 
Item ij. pecee** argenti precii xiij. s. iiij. d. Item j. maser ligata** con- 
tinens a pottell precii xx. 8. Item ij. parve maseres bene ligate precii 
vi. s. viij. d. Item j. plumbum' continens xiiij. lagenas precii viij. s. 
Item ij. plumba precii x. s. Item j. pliunbum precii vi. 8. Item j. olla 
enea precii xviij. s. et continens xiiij. lagenas. Item alia oUa enea 
continens v. lagenas precii vi. s. viij. d. Item olla enea continens vi. 
lagenas precii viij. 8. Item j. belle precii iij. s. iiij. d. Item in domo 
tantoris' sunt xiiij. dacris' de dagonnys et simt xx. dacris de hoddrys 
cum cuppis" barkett^ et aliis pertinentibus ad domimi predictam xx. 
marc. Item in sotularibus in shopa xix. dosen et iiij. paria precium 
cujuslibet dosejn iij. b. summa Iviij. s. Item vij. dosen de over- 
leddrys^ precii vij. s. Item iij. heydis precii iiij. s. vi. d. Item vi. 
lagene de Sayme' precii iij. s. Item in hagardo sunt xx. acre frumenti 

precii 

^ Pecee, — Vessels, see Du Canpe, v. quoted, in which the word occurs : '^Guil- 

Pecia. laume Chaudescole boursier estoit 

'^^ Maser Ugata^ — A bowl hooped or alez querre environ deux cens pesant de 

bound with silver.*^— See p, 1 1 1 ; and Du Dagonee de pore pour mettre en euvre.'*' 

Cange v. Mazer. The word is used by Chaucer, Cant Tales, 

' Plumbum. — ^A leaden vesseL y. 7333- Perhaps hoddrys maybe for hy- 

■ Domo tantoris. — The tenter house for driis : v. Du Cange v. kydria. 
stretching and drying skins — Du Canye^ ^ Cuppis.^^YeBse^ or yats, vide Cupa 

y. Tentor. Du Cange. 

' Dacris. — '* Dacra consistit ez 10 co- ^ Barkett. — -Oak bark, 
riifi.*' — Du Cange^ see also '* Dakir^^^ Jar ^ Overleddrys. — Qyerleathers. 
cob^s Law Diet. The word Dagifnnys is ' Sayme. — Herring brine, much used 

probably the plural of the French Dagone^ in old times for dressing leather. Caxton, 

which seems to have been a technical word in the Book for Trayellers, says: *' The 

in the tanner's craft. In one of Carpen- coryer ooryeth his hydes with sayme of 

tier's additions to Du Cange (sub yoce heryngs;" and again he says of it, '' men 

Docra), a charter of the year 1373 is enoynte therwyth shoes." Perhaps instetd 

P2 



io8 Ancient Testaments, 

precii v. marc. Item viij. acre ordei precii xxxij. s» Item sunt 
xxxiij. avenarum precii v. li. Item in feno precii xiij. iiij. d. Item 
vi. caballi precii xx. s. 

Hec sxmt debita que debentur predicto Johanni, In primis Jo- 
hannes Schergeley debet pro iiij**^ paribus de Botys viij. s. viij. d. 
Item predictus Johannes debet pro xxx. paribus sotulariiim precium 
X. 8. et pro factura trium parium alborum sotularium ix. d. Item pre- 
dictus Johannes debet pro Willelmo Sley xx. d. Item Prior Sancte 
Trinitatis Lokyneton'^ debet pro i. pari de Botys ij. s. Item pro 
factura unius pans de botis viij. d. Item pro viij. paribus sotulariimi 
iij. 8. iiij. d. Item pro xxxiij. paribus sotularium v. s. ix. d. Item 
Jacobus Bednys pro i. pari de botis et ij. paribus sotularium ij. s. 
viij. d. Item Robertus Ever pro vii. paribus sotularium ij. s. iiij. d. 
Item dominus Adam de Nas pro viij. paribus sotularium ij. s. iiij. d. 
Item Johannes Yong pro ix. paribus sotularium iij. s. ix. d. et pro 
servo suo iij. d. Item Ricardus Carrane pro v. paribus sotularium 
ij. s, i. d. Item servo suo iij. d. Item Priori* de Blilmaynan pro 
botis et sotularibus xlvi. s. Item Bartholomeus Dullard pro ij. pari- 
bus sotularium et i. pari de pynsonz* xiiij. d. Item Willelmus fitz Wil- 
liam pro botis et sotularibus x. s. ix. d. Item Johannes fitz William 
pro botis et sotularibus vii. s. vi. d. Item Willelmus Archeboud x. 
s. Item Thomas Barby pro j. pari de botis ij. s. ij. d. Item Thomas 
Bottiller ij. s. ij. d. Hugo Foile ij. s. ij. d. Item Ricardus White per 
xmam literam obUgationis xx. s. Item Bermyngham^ quondam maior 

DubUn 

of brine, it should be designated as the oily * Priori. — Richard White. — ArchdaUy 

residue of herring or salt fish. — See Du p. 257. 

Cange in w. Soffinum^ Saginwfiy Sainum. * Pynsonz, — £lyot gives Pytuon, a 

' Lokyneton, — ^Bobert Lokyneton was showe or socke. 
prior of Christ Church in 1383, ArehdaU; ^ Bermyngkam, — John B., bailiff in 

and died 9th August, 1397. — ObiU of 1384, and mayor in 1388. — Ware^BList. 
Christ Churchy p. 36. 



Ancient Testammt3^ 109 

Dublin XX. s. Item pro firma de Lutterelleston^ debetur xlvi. U. xiij. 
8. iiij. d. Item Radulphus Pembrok viij. s. iiij. d. Item Prior Omnium 
Sanctorum pro botis et sotularibus xxii. s. Item pro i pari de botis 
Rogero Brenne ibidem ij. s. Item frater Symcok quondam Prior 
ibidem debet in argento vi. s. viij. d. Item Nicholaus Sextyne pro 
xiuj. dosen sotularium quelibet dosen ad iij. s. summa xlij. s. Item 
Johannes Rocheford pro botis et sotularibus iij. s. iuj. d. 

zz 

Summa de claro iiij. xvii. li. ii. d. 

Hec sunt debita que predictus Johannes debet primo pro redditu 
domini Archiepiscopi de termino Michaelis xxiij. s. Item Rogero 
Marice ij. s. iiij. d. Item Johanne uxori Willelmi Tanner iiij. s. 
Item Nicholao servo vi. s. Item David servo meo vii. s. viii. d. Item 
Marcus (sic) servo meo iij. s. 

Summa porcionis defuncti xxxij. li. vi. s. ob. 

In Dei nomine amen ego dictus Johannes condo testamentum 
meum in hunc modum. In primis lego animam meam Deo et Beate 
Marie et corpus meum fore sepeUendum in cimiterio Sancti Johannis** 
extra novam portam ante hostium ecclesie Marie Macdalene. Item 
lego ecclesie ibidem pro missis celebrandis xx. s. Item lego in cera 
1. li. Item lego firatribus Augustinis et Carmelitis equali porcione 
XX. s. Item lego fratribus Predicatoribus et Minoribus equali por- 
cione xiij. s. iiij. d. Item lego vicariis Sancti Patricii pro missis ce- 
lebrandis xiij. s. iiij. d. Item altari parochiali Sancti Nicholai* in 

ecclesia 

^ LtOterelleiton ^Now Woodlands, near after. — Wkitdaw and Walshes Hist, of 

Lucan, County Dublin. DMin, pp. 344-6. 

^ Sancti Jokanni$. — The priory of St. • &incH Nicholau—The church of St. 

John the Baptist was situated in Thomas- Nicholas without the woBs^ is at present in 

street. John Decer, Mayor of Dublin, the northern transept of St. Patrick's 

built the Chapel of St. Mary in this hos- Cathedral. St. Nicholas ftfithin is, or rather 

pital in 1 308. The priory and chapel was (for its ruins only now remain), in 

were burned in 1316, and rebuilt shortly Bride-street 



no Ancient Testiaments. 

eccleaia Sancti Patiicii pro decimis oblitis vi & viij. d. Item lego 
opeiibus ecclesie Sancti Patricii x. s. Item lego operibus ecdesie 
Sanote Trmitatis sx. b. Item ecclesie Sancti Thome martiris xx. s. 
Item monasteorio monachonun Beate Marie xz. & Item in expensis 
cii^8epiilturammeaminvinoet8peciebusetaliisexpen8i8.xx.a Item 
lego Magine uxori mee viij. li« Item lego Marione et Alicie filiabus 
meis eqnali porcione ad sua maritagia v. li. Item Johanni Dronne 
X. 9. Item lego Willelmo Bertram xx. s. Item lego Thome Spark 
capellano ad orandum pro anima mea xx. 8. Item pro probadone 
testamenli mei vi. s. viii. d. Item lego residuum omnium bonorum 
meorum in dispocione executorum meonim hos executores constituo 
videlicet Thomam Spark capellanum et Maginam White uxorem 
meam et supervisorem Willelmmn Bertram mercatorem. 

Probatum fuit preaens teetamentum coram nobis Johanne Swyn- 
don commissario generali venorabilis in Christo patris ac domini 
Roberti Dei gratia archiepiscopi Dublin in ecclesia cathedrali Sancti 
Patricii Dublin xx®. die Novembris anno Domini supradicto com- 
missa est administracio bonorum ad idem testamentum spectancium 
executoribus infra scriptis in forma juris juratis ut est moris. 

Et nos Willelmus Chambre archidiaconus Dublin et Thomas 

Wafre canonicus ecclesie cathedralis Sancti Patricii Dublin cus- 

todes speritualitatis archiepiscopatus Dublin sede vacante presens 

testamentimi per infr'ascriptos commissarios appropatum quantum ad 

nos pertinet confirmamus et approbamus. In cujus rei testimonium 

sigilla quibui3 in dicto officio sive custodia utimur presenti testa- 

mento apposuimus. Datum quoad confirmacionem nostram predictam 

et approbacionem quinto die Junii anno Domini m*. ccc°. nonogesimo 

primo. 

II. 

Inventarium bonorum Ricardi Donogh conditum apud Dublin xii. 

die Aprilis anno Domini m°. cccc°. quadragesimo. In primis dictus Ri- 

cardus 



Andiml Testaments. 1 1 1 

cardus Ilabef duos cipher aigenti precii xvi s. Item uniun ciphum 

vocatum a maser argent! ligattun precii vi. s. viij. d. Item tres oUas 

eneas precii x. s. viij. d. Item tres patenas precii xvii. s. Item di versa 

utenfliUa domus predi x. s. Item in filo speciebus et aliis diversis 

mercunoniis ad valorem xxix. li, xiij. 8» iiij. d. ac debita que debentur 

dicto Ricardo extendunt se ad centum solidos. 

Hec sunt debita que predictus Bicardus debet In primis debet 

Jobanni Howlot iiij. s. Item debet fenistre campanilis x, s. Item 

lumine Sancti Nicholai xx. s. 

Summa de claro xxxvi. li. 

Porcio defimcti xij. li. 
In Dei nomine amen ego antedictus Bicardus Donogh compos 
mentis condo testamentum meum in hunc modum. Li primis lego 
q-niTTiftTTi meam Deo patri omnipotenti corpusque meum ad sepelien- 
dum in cimiterio ecclesie Sancti Audoeni Dublin. Item lego quin- 
que libras cere ad faciendos quinque cereos ad ponendos circa corpus 
meum nocte exequiarum et die sepulture mee. Item lego reparacioni 
ecclesie Sancti Audoeni v. s. Item lego rectori ecclesie predicte pro 
decimis oblitis iij. s. iiij. d. Item lego fratribus cujuslibet ordinum 
mendicancium Dublin xx. d. Item lego in pane et cervisie nocte 
exequiarum et die sepulture mearum pauperibus distribuendis vi s. 
viii. d. Item lego Marione uxori mee mesuagium meum in quo 
inhabito cum omnibus suis pertinenciis habendum et tenendum eidem 
Marione ad terminum vite sua Et si contingat dictam Marionem 
incedere in paupertatem vel inopiam tunc volo quod vendatur pre- 
dictum mesuagium vel in plegium ponatur. Sin autem volo quod 
remaneat Johanni Donogh filio meo si bene gubemat se erga matrem 
suam. Sin autem volo quod Alicia filia mea habeat predictum mesua- 
gium sibi et heredibus suis cum omnibus suis pertinenciis ut supra 
dictum est. Et si contingat predictum Johannem et Aliciam decedere 
absque liberis de suis corporibus volo quod remaneat servicio altaris 

Sancti 



112 Autograph Letter of Thady O Roddy. 

Sancti Clari ecclesie Sancti Audoeni. Item lego dicte Marione uxori 
mee porcionem meam omnium utensilium domus mee habendam et 
tenendam eidem Marione ad terminum vite sue. Et post decessum 
ejus volo et lego quod Johannes Donogh habeat porcionem meam 
dictorum utensilium imperpetuum sibi et heredibus suis ac liujus- 
modi testamenti mei constituo meos executores dominum Petrum 
Rathe capellanum et David Rowe civem Dublin ad distribuendam 
porcionem meam dictorum bonorum et debitonmi prout melius vide- 
bitur exspedire ac Jacobum Blakeney armigerum inde supervisorem 
ordino facio et constituo per presentes. Item lego cuilibet executo- 
rum meorum vi. s. viii. d. Item lego dicto supervisori mei testamenti 
vi. 8. viij. d. Item lego pro probacione testamenti mei x. s. et cetera. 
Probatum fuit hoc presens testamentum coram nobis Ricardo 
permissione divina archiepiscopo Dublin Hibemieque primate in 
ecclesia nostra cathedrali Sancti Patricii Dublin xiij**. die mensis Maii 
anno infra scripto concessaque est administracio bonorum infra scripti 
defuncti executoribus infra nominatis de fideli compoto inde nobis 
reddendo cum in ea parte fueri[n]t legitime requisiti in forma juris 
juratis. In cujus rei testimonium presentibus sigiUum nostrum apponi 
fecimus. Datum die loco et anno suprascriptis. 

A. S. 

Art. VIII. Autograph Letter of Thady O Roddy. 

THE following Letter is copied from the Autograph of Teige or 
Thady O'Roddy, which is preserved, bound up with a vellum 
MS., in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin. (H. 2. 16). It has 
no superscription or address; but as the volume once belonged to the 
celebrated antiquary Edward Llwyd, it may be concluded probably 
that the letter was written by Roddy in answer to some queries pro- 
posed to him by Llwyd. 

Teige 



Autograph Letter of Thady O Roddy. 



"3 



Teige O'Roddy, or Rody (Cabj O'Rooaise) of Crossfield, in the 
County of Leitrim, was the lineal representative of the O'Roddys, who 
were Comharbs^ i. e. the hereditary farmers or wardens of the church- 
lands belonging to the monastery of Fenagh. His genealogy is pre- 
served in the book of Fenagh, a MS. of which an exact and beautifully 
written fac simile copy, in the handwriting of Mr. O'Donovan, is pre- 
served in the Library of the Royal Irish Academy'. Maurice O'Mul- 
conry, who transcribed that volume, A. D. 1 5 1 7, for Teige O'Roddy, 
an ancestor of the subject of the present memoir, has given (fol. 46, 6.) 
the genealogy of his patron, in sixty-seven descents, up to Sitric, who 
is said to have flourished about the year before Christ 300*. 

This genealogy is as follows : 



Cai6^ in comapba 
Dop oepbpairpe 
6pian 7 UiUiam, 
uiuenp 1 51 7. 

mac UiUiam 
TTlic marha, 
Pobec, 



8eaain, 
Cucaip, 

eie, 

eie, 

^illuncmaoiii, 



Tadhg, the Com- 
harb, whose bro- 
thers were Brian 
and William, vp- 
vena 1517. 

Son of William. 

Matthew. 

Robet [Eo- 



bert]. 



• John. 
-Luke. 
£le. 

Eie. 

Gilla - na - 



©5n'5» 



naomL 
Egneach. 



Ulic ^illa Uluipi, 



5illa6epai5, 



Son of Gill»-Mur- 
Gilla-Be- 



Domnonll, 

CXeoo, 

mailmichil, 

TTlailmuipi, 

5illa ipo, 

mailmichil, 

Peichin, 

maili)xi, 

^illacpipc, 

gopmyail, 

^illamancam, 



raigh. 



can. 



DonnelL 
Aedh. 
MalmichaeL 
Malmurrj« 
GiUa-Isa. 
MalmichaeL 
Feichin. 
-Malisa. 
Gillchrist. 
GormgalL 
Gilla Man- 

mic 



f The MS. of the Book of Fenagh, bj 
Maurice O'Mulconry, written in 15 17, 
and from which Mr. O'Donovan made his 
transcript, is in private hands; but the 
more ancient MS. from which Maurice 

HUSH ABCH. 80C. MI8CSLL. YOL. I. Q 



O'Mulconry's copy was taken, is in the 
British Museum. 

s See his genealogy up to Argetmar, of 
the race of Ir, in O'Flaherty: Ogygia, 
p. 116. 



114 



Autograph Letter of Thady O Roddy. 



TTlic In Chaillinech, Son of the Calli- 

nech**. 

Clpb^ail. 

QlapDonbaip.i. 



ArdgalL 
Alexander 



in clepech, 

— Ttlaileoin F"*^» 



the cleric. 

■■ Malone the 



fair. 



- Pooachae, 

- Mapaoaic, 

- F»lle6, 

- Onten, 

- Cumcqxpaich, 

^ Cumapcpcnch, 

- Cenclm, 
-Gaipc, 

- BoptKzipy 
echo, 
Ouib, 
meaopuam, 
Meapra, 
Poipneapea, 
echc, 
UipU, 



Roddy. 

Naradach. 

Filledh. 

Onchu. 

Findlogh. 

Finnfer. 

Ciimascrach. 

Finnfer. 

CuxnascracL 

Cencledh. 

Earc. 

Eardar. 

Echd. 

Duff. 

-Meadroadh. 

Neart. 

Fomeart. 

Echd. 

Uisle. 



niic 6euppa, 

6ei65| 

6uiy)ioc Con- 

maic a quo Con- 

ihaicne, 
Oipbfen iTiaip, 



Son of Beiirra. 

BeidhbL 

Lngadh 

Conmac, a quo 
the Conmaicne. 
Oirbaen 



Mor. 



Bireonoin, 

Se^So, 

Roi^ne, 

Qit^pe, 

GOea, 

Osamcnn, 

— piooaipe, 

— t>oipbpe, 
— Bono, 

— Ceoo^oine Ca- 

— TTleapaihain, 
TTIo^ Caoc .1. 



nio^ Ooio, 

— Conmaic, 

— F«n5"ra» 

— Ropo, 

— Puopat^e, 

— Siepi^e yc. 



■ Eitheanon. 

Seghdo. 

Roighne. 

— — Aithre. 

Alta. 

Ogaman. 

Fiochaire. 

Doirbre. 

Eona. 

CeadgonCa- 

lasach. 

Measamhan. 

Mogh Taot, 



i e. Mogh Doid. 

Conmac. 

Fergus. 

Ro8. 

Rory. 

Sitric, etc 



At the beginning of this genealogy, the Teige O'Roddy, who was 
the Author of the following letter, has supplied the links between him- 
self and the Teige of 1 5 1 7, by adding in the margin the following note : 

niipc Ca65 O'Ro- I am Tadhg O'Rod- Hlac ^eapoiD 015, Son of Gerald, ju- 



oai^e, 1688. 



dy, 1688. 



mor 



I 



mic 



^ This name signifies the Devotee of by John O'Duinin, beginning Cpua^ an 

St. Caillin. thaiomp 1 cqi niaicne h-lp. ^* Sad this de- 

» This Gerald died August 2, 1680. feat of the sons oflr." 
O'Reilly mentions a poem on his death 



Autograph Letter of Thady O Roddy. 1 1 5 



ITIic nai6^, Son of Taidhg. 
^eapoiD, ___ Gerald. 



TT)ic Caio^, Son of Tadhg. 
., UiUiam, William- 



This latter Tadhg or Teige, son of William, being the same who 
begins the foregoing genealogy, and for whom the Book of Penagh 
was written. 

To return to our Author. He was an eminent Irish scholar, and 
a great patron of Irish literature. He was also the author of some 
pieces, both in the Irish and Latin languages. Mr. O'Donovan, in a 
letter to the writer of this notice, says : 

« From a MS. which was formerly in the possession of Edward O'Reilly, 
and is still in Dublin, it appears that O^Roddy was a practising lawyer during 
the reign of King James II., and that he went to England on the business of 
the Irish Catholics at that period. This MS. contains some of his Latin com- 
positions, and one Irish poem, addressed to O'Duigenan, also an elegy in 
English, on the death of a young gentleman, named Mac Namara, by his 
brother, whom O'Roddy had instructed ' from a young Virgilian* in the Latin, 
Greek, French, Spanish, and Irish languages. This MS. also contains a poem 
by the same youth, lamenting the state of the times ; and another by Mao Ward, 
describing the dwelling of CVRoddy, in which there was a collection of old swords, 
and other ancient curiosities.*' 

O'Boddy was a great patron of Irish literature, and well skilled in 
the ancient dialects of the language. Mr. Hardiman has published in 
his ** Irish Minstrelsy V an ode to Brian na Murtha O'Rourke, written 
in 1 566, in the Bearla Feine, or ancient Fenian dialect of Irish, by John 
Mac Toma O'Mulconry : to this ode, in the MS. from which Mr. 
Hardiman printed, there was a gloss in our O'Roddy's hand-writing, 
explaining the obsolete words, which proves him to have been a master 
of the ancient dialects. Mr. Hardiman has preserved this gloss, with- 
out which the poem would now be very obscure to the best Irish 

scholars. 

The 

* Vol. ii. p. 287. 



1 1 6 Avtograph Letter of Thady (/Roddy. 

The Editor is indebted to Mr. O'Donovan for the following lines 
from a poem by O'Roddy himself, in reply to an eulogium addressed 
to him by John Ballagh O'Duigenan. In it he laments the disap- 
pearance of the professors of the old Irish laws, and other sciences 
written in the Bearla Feine, and states that although he was able 
himself to read them, he did not do so without difficulty : 

Uoacr TTlhopain, Cp^ijean bpeaca, Morann's Testament, Treigean Breatba, 

Ceoj^of^ Ri^ Copmaic apo-plora. The Royal Precepts of the monarch Cormac, 

^1 pilim ^o l^i^im uile. Although I think I read them all, 

1^1 I6i^im ^an meapBuile. I read them not without errors. 

Another proof of the high character he bore among his country- 
men, as an enlightened patron of Irish literature, maybe derived from 
the great number of poems addressed to him on various occasions by 
the native poets of his day. O'Reilly, in his chronological account of 
Irish writers^ mentions a great number of them, and a little research 
would, in all probability, greatly add to the number. The subjects of 
these poems are such as the following : Congratulations on O'Roddy's 
safe return from England in 164 1 ; an elegy on his supposed death in 
1 69 1 ; a poetical version of his pedigree up to Ir, son of Milesius, 
written by Peter, son of Fearfasa, son of Maelseaghlin O'Maol- 
conaire or Mulconry, in 1701 ; a lament, by the same author, on 
O'Roddy's withholding his usual new year's gift from the poet ; pane- 
gyrical poems, and epigrams on O'Roddy and on his wife Fionguala, 
or Finola, daughter of Mac Namara. 

These remarks may suflSce to introduce the reader to the follow- 
ing letter, which has been often quoted by Leland and others, and 

displays 

i Transactions of the Hibemo-Celtic poems above alluded to will be found 

Society, voL L As this volume was pub- noticed in pp. cxc, cxcii, cci, ccii, cciv, 

lished without any sort of index, it may ccv, ccvi, ccviL 
be well to inform the reader that the 



Autograph Letter of Thady O Roddy* 117 

displays all the enthusiasm and some of the credulity so common at 
that period with Irish antiquaries. At the end we find, in the hand- 
writing of the venerable Charles O'Conor, of Belanagare, the following 
note: 

6ennof pet> hanmoin a eai6^ ui Ro- *' A blessing on thy soul O Teige O'Bod- 

bai^e. dy. 

CXn qiaf be^ p in op nbtai j bo fcb la '' This little tract behind us was written 

rxxb^ ua Rooe Q. C 1700; 7 piop by Teige O'Boddy, A. D. 1700; and 

7 anpiop puabct ppi na dele ann ; truth and falsehood mingled together 

6ip bu hu^ocqi pocpei6crc ca&j, are in it ; for Teige was a credulous 

^an com^D etoipDealai6 in bu cu- author, who did not observe a proper 

Bai6 o naomenoaf ^o poippef distinction between the in&ncy and 

Sencupa na hinpi po 6penn« the perfection of the history of this 

island of Erin. 
TTlepi Cachal ua ocabaip 

anop an ar cliac DuiB- " I am Charles O'Conor, now in 

linne, Jan. 29, 1770. Dublin. Jan. 29, 1770." 

To this testimony of an illustrious Irish scholar and historian, 
may be added the following extract, from a letter addressed by Mr. 
O'Donovan, in July, 1845, ^ *^® writer of these remarks, in reply 
to some inquiries respecting the character and history of Teige 
O'Roddy : 

'* Teige was a remarkable man, and a great linguist, but he was in the 

aeip leanbaio, or second childhood, when he wrote his letter to Lhwyd. He 

wrote Latin as well as OTlaherty, and seems to have been educated abroad. He 

was certainly a peop bli^e, or lawyer, and practised in the reign of James II., 

but whether as an attorney or barrister I have not been able to determine. He 

went to England in 1688, on legal business, and returned home xAa Scotland. 

He seems to have lost all his property at the Revolution. The O'Roddys were 

Coorbs, not princes, as O'Reilly cdls them^ ; and this Teige seems to have fanned 

the monastic lands of Fenagh under the Protestant bishop, as O'Meehin and 

O'Fergus do still at Rossinver. I examined the site of his house at Fenagh in 1 83 7, 

but 
^ Trans. Hibemo-Celtic Society, p. ccvii. 



1 1 8 Autograph Letter of Thady O Roddy. 

but found not a stone of it remaining; even the name Crossfield (so called from 
an old stone cross, wUch was destroyed by the Cromwellians), is forgotten. His 
reply to Shane Ballagh O'Duigenan, which I have read, is very curious, and 
written in the true spirit of the Irish language. I have no specimen ofhisLalin 
hexameters, but I have read several of them, and they evince considerable 
knowledge of that language. In 1 702, when he was nearly ninety years old, he 
wrote the following note, on a difficult, contracted passage, in the Book of 
Fenagh : 

" ^Lege hoc mode rem dijfflcilem hanc: 

" ' Peace ncxoin bia paiBi a^ ceileoBpoobo ChaiUm lap noil^on .i.iap roaireafhnap 
a cionnea .1. a peacob .1. post confessionem : Quia Cclumba piusvmit ad S. KUUt- 
nam €t ei eoirfeagus est peccata ma ut patet hie et alibi hoc in Ubro. — T. B. Maij. 
19°. 1702.* 

'^ His ancestor Tadhg, son of William OBody, who was married to Honora, 
the daughter of OMoUoy, in x 5 1 7, is described in the Book of Fenagh as a Latin 
and Scotic scholar, and a composer of Sedna poetry, a man who kept a house for 
general hospitality, as recommended and enjoined by St. Caillin, and in whose 
time it was expected that the prophecies of St. Caillin, lespecdng the wealth 
and dignity of Fenagh, would be fulfilled.'* 

O'Reilly, in his short account of our author, states that *'the author 
of the Curiosities of Literature represents him as one scarcely know- 
ing his own language, and totally ignorant of all others'". If this be 
a reference to Disraeli's Curiosities of Literature, there is probably 
some mistake, for no mention of O'Roddy occurs in that work, so far 
as the writer of these remarks can discover. At all events, what has 
been said will be sufficient to vindicate the memory of Teige O'Roddy 
from the calumny alluded to by O'Reilly, whoever was its author. 

J. H. T. 

Trin. CoU. Dtthlin, 
Feb. 3, 1846. 

^ Transactions Bib. Celt. Soc. p. ocrii 



*« •• ^ 



Auto^aph Letter of Thady O Roddy. 1 1 9 

" 6R10HCa mCXOL " BRITANNUS CALVUS, 

'' 6r\ ainmniojcap 6proain, mac '* a quo Britannia nominatur, 
peop^ip, lein>eap3, filius fmt Fergusij seminibri, 

TTlic Meiihi^ is, filius Nemethi, 

rriic Qbnomain, is, Adhnamanni, 

TTlic poimp, is, Pampei, 

TTI1C Caic; is, Tatei, 

TTlic Seopci, is, Seane, 

TTlic 8pu, is, Srtiei, 

TTlic eofpu, is, Assraei, 

ITlic 6paiiiieine, is, Bramenti, 

Tllic Qiceactxi, is, Aiaghtei, 

TTlic Tna2;os, is, Magogi, 

TTlic lapeiVy is, Japheti, 

TTlic VTaoi, ypa is, Noemi, &c. 

** Haac Genealogia, ex antiquitatibuB Hibernie queis nulls equates, quanun 
est infantia totum, lespectu Euiopse, quod dicitur esse vetustas. Vide Brit. 
Camdeni de aatiquitatibus Hibeniise, &c. Vide Doct. Keatingum"*. 

*' If any (as I know many vpstarts will) will admire that the Irish chrono- 
logers should presenre their antiquityes and genealogyes beyond other nations, 
it proceeds from not duly weighing the reasons, which are these: 

"The sons of Mileaius Hispanus, Heber, Hints, and Herimon, and their 
greate vncle's Ithus's son, called Lugad, came into Ireland anno Mundi 3500 : 
before the birth of Xpt 1699 yeares, computeing from the creation of Adam to 
the birth of Xpt, 5199 yeares, according to Eusebius, Qrosius, the Septuagint, 
etc., with whom our chronologers of Ireland do concurre, viz.* : 

From Adam to the Deluge, 2242 yeares. 

Prom the Deluge to Abraham, 0942 y*" 

From Abraham to David, 0940 

From David to the Captivity, 0485 

From y* Captivity to y* birth of Xpt . . . 0590 

S'99 

** They 

^ Keating quotes the above passage from Camden in the Preface to his History of 
Ireland, — Ed. 



I20 Autograph Letter of Thady O' Roddy. 

" They vnderstood the Hebrean calculation of 1656, to the Flood, as well as 
any chronologers on the earth, and the difference of the Hebrean, Grecian, and 
Latine Authors in their calculations of time, but have taken the above calcula- 
tion of 5 199, to Xpt's birth, ab Adamo condito, for their standard, as the Church 
did, according [to] the above warrantable authors. 

" From the birth of Christ to this May, 1 700, we live still in Ireland, so that 
since the Milesians coming into Ireland, AP, M. 3500, to this May, 1700: we, 
the antient Irish, have been in Ireland 3399 yeares, had of our own blood, of the 
race of Heber, Hirus, Herimon, and Ithus, 193 kings, never conquered, or sub- 
iected to any foreigne power (tho' disturbed by the Danes for many yeares, but 
never conquered, or banished, by them, or any other nation, before the Eng- 
lish) coming into Ireland. We were the race of kings, Milesius being King of 
Spaine then, and his predecessors kings of Spaine, of Scythia, &c. ForFeniusFar- 
sens fitz Baath, fitz Magog, fitz Japhet, our predecessor, was King of Scythia the 
time of building the town of Nembroth, and chiefe promoter and supeiintendent 
thereof. Vid. Antiq. Hib. Doct. Keting, etc. When our Milesian race came 
into Ireland they brought their chronologers, their antiquaryes, their musi* 
cians, etc., along, and all ornaments becoming princes (the preservation of 
blood being the chief care of all the world, but of those that spnmg from the 
dunghill, or from some meane mechanicke, who neuer love, or desire to be 
knowne, nor can be knowne by man). When the said princes got the kingdome 
into their hands, they assigned large territoryes to their antiquaryes, and their 
posterity, to preserve their pedegree, exploits, actions, etc. ; and so very strict 
they were in this pointe, that they assigned a triennial convention at Tara 
(where the chiefe kings of Ireland dwelt) where all the antiquaryes of the nation 
met every third yeare, to have their chronicles and antiqidtyes examined before 
the King of Ireland, the four provincial kings, the king's antiquary royal, etc. ; 
the least forgery in the antiquary pimished with death, and losse of estate in his 
posterity, for ever, so very exact they were in preserving those honorable mo- 
numents, and leaving them to posterity truely and candidly ; so that this day 
(though our nation lost estate, and all almost) there is not an antient name of 
Ireland, of the blood royal thereof descended, but we can bring from father to 
father, from the present man in being to Adam, and I Thady Roddy, that 
writes this, have written all the familyes of the Milesian race, from this present 
age to Adam, tho' none of the race of the antiquaryes, but a gent, that has more 



antient 1 

I 



Autograph Letter of Thady O Roddy, 121 

antient bookes of Ireland, and that learned, and understands them as well at least, 
as any now in Ireland, or any where, all which paines I take for my countrye's 
sake, for my owne satisfaction, and to preserve so noble and singular a monu- 
ment of honor and antiquity, &c. 

*' The very bookes that the Milesian antiquaryes brought into Ireland, 
tho' transcribed since by other able hands, wee have, and I have the Chronicle 
of Ireland continued from Parhalan's coming into Ireland, 300 yeares after the 
Flood, to this present age, of the several invasions, colonyes, warres, kings, ge- 
nealogys, descents, etc. of the nation" : Milesius Hispanus was the 26th descent 
from Japhet inclusively, and the 36th off Adam, so that it was easy to preserve 
so many descents. Thus : 

'* rriilio 6appaine mac 6ile, ihic " Milesius Hispanus (vulgo vocatus 

6peo^in,ihic6para,ihicDea;^para,iiiic Gathelus) filius fuit Bilei, is Brigantii, is 

Qpcaoa, ihic Qlloit), ihic Nuaoao, mic Brathae, is Deaths^, is Archadee, is Al- 

Nionuaill, ihic peiihBpi^ ^^T» '^^^ lodij, is Nuadse, is Ninualli, is Fembrigii, 

CXonoin pinn, ihic Giihipjluin pinn, ihic is Adhnoni Albi, is Heberi Albigenu, is 

Caifhpinn, ihic Qonamoin, ihic Caic, Lamhfinni, is Adhnomonis, is Tatei, is 

ihic O^atnoin, ihic beo^amuin, ihic 6i6ip Ogamonis, is Begomonis, is Heberi Sooti, 

pcuic, ihic 8p(j, ihic 6apppu, ihic ^ctoioil is Sruei, is Assruei, is Gradheli, a quo 

^laip, a quo clonna ^aoi6il, ihic Niuil, Hibemi dicuntur clanna ^uoioil, so. the 

ihic pentupa pappai^, ihic 6aar, ihic race or posterity of Gradhel, is Niuli, is 

IDajo^, ihic laper, ihic Naoi, ihic Feniusi Farseei, is Baathee, is Magogi, is 

f^aiihpiac, -^pa. Japheti, is Noes, &c 

So that you see how easy it was to preserve so many descents from Noe, or 
Adam, to the Milesian invasion, they being the greatest lovers of learning in 
the world, their predecessor, Niulus fitz Fenius Farsaeus, being borne at the 
Tower when a building, and a little before the conftision, and the onely man 
in the world that learned the 72 languages, and taught them, etc., as our chro- 
nicles sette forth at large. Then when the Milesians came into Ireland, they had 
along with them their antiquaryes, bards, Druides, men of extraordinary learning, 
who sett up publique schools, taught publiquely without sallary, having large es- 
tates 

" This is probably the book called writing of one of the Four Masters is pre- 
Leabhar Gabhala, or the Book of Con- served in the Library of the Boyal Irish 
quests, of which a copy in the hand- Academy. 

I&I8H ARCH. SOC. MISCEIX. VOL. I. R 



122 Autograph Letter of Thady O Roddy. 

tates from the kings, princes, and nobility in every parte of the kingdome to 
maintaine them, and enable them to discharge that fimction, whereby Ireland 
formerly was called Sophiae Magistra, Insula Sanctorum, genetrix Sophissque 
Magistra, et Hibemia : this estate from the Milesian invasion to the present 
age, was continued to the said Antiquaryes, Druides, Bards, etc., till our nobiUty 
lost all their estates to a few ; but at this day, as poore as wee are, wee have 
a greate value for those descended from the said antiquaryes, etc., who pre- 
served and recorded our descents, feates, relation, titles, etc., and left it to us 
in weather-beaten parchments standing for thousands of yeares. Other countryes 
being totally subdued, enslaved, banished, or killed by other barbarous nations, 
could not preserve their monumental records, as England, Wales, etc., for the 
invaders made it their business to destroy the honorable records of the nations 
they conquered, and to bring them all into ignorance and oblivion, a piece of 
policy : but our country of Ireland was never subdued till the present age, nor 
have we lost any of our records a principio ; tho' the Cromwellians out of zeale 
to God, and for tender feare of tolerating or conniving at any superstition, for- 
sooth, destroyed allmost all our rare crosses standing in rodes, churches, church- 
yardes, etc., all our inscriptions, on tombes, stones, etc., to a few that escaped 
the poore zelots, etc. 

" For the Queryes. I have seen and had several pieces of silver coine for 
our Irish kings and princes, with their names, but have none now in hand, and 
am in hopes to get some oi the coine very soone. For our last Irish monarch, 
Rodericke O'Connor (in whose reigne Hen. y* 2* came into Ireland), had silver 
and gold coined for him at Cloonmac-cnos, and so had his fiither, Tordelvachus 
O'Connor, King of Ireland, and several of our kings, as our records attest. 

" For old Irish manuscripts, I, Thady Roddy, of Crossefield, in the province 
of Conaught, and county of Ley trim, Esquire, have as many Irish books of 
Philosophy, Physicke, Poetry, Genealogys, Mathematicke, Invasions, Law, 
Romances, etc., and as ancient as any in Ireland, and so has several others in all 
partes of the kingdome. My honored friend, Mr. Roger Flaherty, lost a curious 
volume of the Mathematics the last warre, in Gallway, which I lent him, the 
losse whereof he wonderfully condoles in a letter to me ; that greate man^s sense 
of the losse of so rare a piece piercing his noble vitals, for being the instrument 
thereof, and blaming me in his letter for lending him the booke (tho* nothing 
in the world was more wellcome to him than the same, nor more ardently 

courted), 



Autograph Letter of Thady O Roddy. 123 

courted), etc. Some of the said bookes written a^ Xpi 15th, in the reigne of 
Feragh Fion Feaghtnagh, who reigned then ; some in the reign of Carbry 
Liffeagher, who began his reign a^ Xpi 268 ; some in the reigne of Cormac 
mac Art, who began his reign a° Xpi 227" ; and the booke continued from 
generacion to generacion from three hundred yeares after the Flood, to the 
present age I have, etc. I have several volumes that none in the world now 
can peruse, though within 20 yeares there lived three or four that could read 
and understand them all, but left none behinde absolutely perfect in all them 
books, by reason that they lost the estates they had to uphold their publique 
teaching, and that the nobility of the Irish line, who would encourage and sup- 
port their posterity, lost all their estates too, so that the antiquaryes posterity 
were forced to follow husbandry, etc., to get their bread, for want of patrons to 
support them. Honos alit artes. Also the Irish being the most difficult and co- 
pious language in the world, having five dialects, viz., the common Irish, the 
poetic, the law or lawyers' dialect, the abstractive, and separative dialects, each 
of them five dialects being as copious as any other language, so that a man may 
be perfect in one, two, three, or foure of them dialects, and not understand almost 
a word in the other, contrary to all other languages, so that there are now se- 
verall in Ireland, perfect in two or three of those dialects, but none in all, being 
uselesse in those times, etc. I have Irish bookes of all those five dialects ; I 
have the bookes of our Law, being 30 in number (though my honored friend, 
Sir Richard Cox, was' once of opinion that our law was arbitrary, and not 
fixed nor written, till I satisfied him to the contary in summer, 1699, by shewing 
him some of the said lawe bookes). We find some of our law ordained by Olim- 
fadius (Ollam Poola), King of Ireland, who began his reigne a^ Mundi 3883, 
before Christ, 13 16, according to our 5199 from Adam to Christ, ut supra : 
and so continued and augmented as causes required, in the reignes of the suc- 
ceeding kinges, to the English invasion a® Xpi, 1 169. 

" For Welsh Manuscripts I saw none, but had eighteen letters in my cus- 
tody before the last warre of 1688, being letters from the kings of Ireland to 
the princes of Wales, and from the said princes to our kings and nobility at 

several 

^ If we are to give credit to this asser- third centuries, but that he believed the 
tion, we must take it to mean, not that works of which he had copies to have been 
the MSS. of which our author speaks were then composed, i e. that their authors 
the very originals, written in the first and flourished in the first and third centuries. 

R2 



124 



Aittograph Letter of Thady O Roddy, 



several times, and upon several occasions, etc. I hope to get them into my 
hands againe. 

" For writing on boards, we have none extant now®, was common in former 
times, and with the Romans too. Dare jura tabeUis. 

** For the Druides, we have enough of their bookes and discipline, being 
nothing else but a sect of those we call the Irish Antiquarjes, who in the 
Pagan's time professed the art of Divinacion, etc. Men very learned they were. 

" For the Cames, or heaps of stones, in several parts of Ireland, some of 
them were heaped as moniunents in memory of battles fought in such a place, 
some made in memory of some eminent persons buried in such a place, some 
of them layed over some corps, as the Romans did. Aggere cinctus. 

" For the forts called the Danes forts, its a mere vulgar error. For these 
forts (called Raths) were entrenchments made by the Irish about their houses. 
For we never had any stone worke? in Ireland till after St. Patricke's coming, 
a° Christi 432, the 5th yeare of the reign of Laogary Mac Neill. And then we 
began to build churches, &c., of stone. So that all our kings, gentry, &c., had 
such raths or forts about their houses, witnes Tara forts, where the kings of 
Ireland lived, Rathcroghan in Connaught, etc. 

^' For the stones supported by pillars ; they were the heathen priests' altars, 
though vulgarly called Dermot and Grany's bed^, &c. 

" Observe 



® None extant now, — An interesting spe- 
cimen of an ancient Irish waxed tablet, 
found in a bog in the north of Ireland, 
was recently presented to the Museum of 
the Royal Irish Academy, by the Rev. J. 
Spencer Knox. 

^ Any stone worke. — What our author 
means is that we had no buildings of stone 
cemented with lime and sand mortar, be- 
fore the introduction of Christianity ; for 
the Cahers or Cyclopean stone forts, built 
without cement, are as old as any of the 
earthen raths. It would be extraordinary 
if our author had thought that we had 
no buildings of stone before St. Patrick's 
time, for it is stated in the Book of Fenagh, 



which he must have often perused, that 
Aodh Finn, son of Feargna, on his conver- 
sion to Christianity, gave up to St. Caillin 
his Cathair or stone fort at Loch Saloch, 
in Magh Rein (the erection of which was 
attributed to Conaing the Fearless, King 
of Ireland, 40oyears before Christ) ; within 
which fort the church of Fenagh was after- 
wards erected. See Petrie*s Bound Towers, 
pp. 444, 445. 

^ Bed. — This is a notion taken firom 
Keating's History of Ireland. This class 
of monuments is not always called Dermot 
and Grany's beds. They are more ge- 
nerally called Giant's Beds and Giant's 
Graves in the southern counties of Ireland. 



Aviograph Letter of Oliver CromweU. 125 

'* Observe that Nemethus Britan's grandfather came into Ireland Ap M. 
2850. Britan, his grandson, went for Wales out of Ireland, A® M. 3066. That 
all the Irish of the true blood and he are descended of two brothers in his prede- 
cessor, viz., Britan descended firom Aiaghtj fitz Magog, and the Milesians from 

Boath fitz Magog, etc. 

" Thadeus Roddy." 



Art. IX. Autograph Letter of Oliver Cromwell to his Son Harry 

Cromwell^ Commander in Chief in Ireland. 
Habbye, 

1HAVE receaved Y letters and have alsoe seene some from you 
to others, and am sufficiently satisfied of your burthen, and that 
if the Lord bee not w'^ you, to inable you to beare it, you are in a 
very sad condition. 

I am glad to heare, what I have heard, of your carriage, studye 
still to bee innocent ; and to answere everye occasion rowle your 
selfe upon God, vf^ to doe, needes much grace. 

Crye to the Lord to give you a plaine, single heart 

Take heede of beinge over jealous, least your apprehensions of 
others, cause you to offend, knowe that uprightnesse will preserve 
you, in this bee confident against men. 

I thinke the Anabaptists are too blame in not beinge pleased w'^ 
you, that's their fault, it will not reach you whilest you w'^ single- 
nesse of heart, make the glory of the Lord, your ayme. 

Take heede of professinge religion w^**out the power, that will 
teach you to love all whoe are after the similitude of Christ 

Take care of makinge it a businesse to bee too hard for the men 
whoe contest w*** you, beinge over concerned may trayne you into a 
snare. 

I have to doe with these po[ ] men and am not w^^'out my 
exercise, I knowe they are weake because they are soe peremptorie in 
judginge others, I quarrell not w^^ them but in their seekinge to 

supplant 



1 26 Autograph Letter of Oliver Cromwell. 

suppknt others, w*^** is done by some in, fost, by brandinge them 
w^** Antichristianisme, and then takinge away their maintenance. 

Bee not troubled about the late businesse, wee understande the men. 

Doe not feare the sendinge of any over to you, but such as wilbe 
consideringe men, lovinge all godly interests, and men wilbe freindes 
to iustise. Lastlye take heede of studyinge to lay for your selfe y* 
foundation of a great estate. It wilbe a snare to you, they wiU watch 
you, bad men wilbe confirmed in conveteousnesse, the thinge is an 
evil w*^*" Grod abhorrs, I pray you thinke of mee in this. 

If the Lord did not sustame mee, I were undon, but I live, and I 
shall live, to the good pleasure of His Grace, I find mercy att neede. 
The God of all Grace keepe you. I rest 

T' lovinge Father, 
Ap" the 21th, Oltveb P. 

1656. 

My love to my deere Daughter [Superscription\, 

( whome I frequently pray for), For my Sonn, 

and to all fi:eindes. Harry Cromwell. 

[Sealed wkh the Cromwell Arms of six quarterings, and Indorsed], 

Ld. Pbotectob. 
(Me) 
21 ApriUy 1656.' 

Sir William Betham has kindly permitted the preceding Letter 
to be printed from the Autograph which is in his possession. It was 
written by the Protector to his son Harry, while he was Commander- 
in-chief in Ireland, who, to use the expression of his father, proved 
" a govemour from whom he himself might learn;" and so little did 
he study to lay " the foundation of a great estate," that when Harry 

Cromwell, 

' This date is an indorsement in H. Cromwell's hand. 



The Irish Charters in the Book ofKdls. 127 

Cromwell, as Leland states, was recalled from Ireland after his father's 
death, he " retired to a house in the Phoenix Park, having admi- 
nistered the government with such disregard to his private interest, 
that he could not immediately command so much money as might 
defray the expenses of a voyage to England." — Hist of Ireland^ vol. iii. 
pp. 401 -3. 

A. S. 



X. — The Irish Charters in the Book of Kdls. 

THE following Irish deeds are printed from the splendid MS. of 
the Gospels called the Book of Kells, preserved in the Library 
of Trinity College, Dublin, which, there is every reason to believe, 
was executed in the time of St. Columbkille. It would be out 
of place here to attempt a description of this MS., or to put toge- 
ther the evidences of its antiquity. It must suffice to observe, that 
the existence of the following charters, which have been copied into 
it, is sufficient to connect it with the monastery of Kells; and that it 
was in existence there in the year 1 006, and then regarded as one 
of the most splendid relics of the western world, will appear from 
the following entry in the Annals of Ulster, imder that year : 

Qnno DoTnini XX\°, ui® (aliap 1007) "-iwno Z>omt»it 1006 (alias 1007). The 

8oij>cela mop coluim cille do oub^aic great Gospel of Columb-kiUe was sacrile- 

Yp mx} aioci ap ino lapoom lapcapach in giouslj stolen at night out of the western 

oaimliacc moip cenannpa. Ppim mino porticusof the great church of Kells. This 

lapcaip Domain ap ai in comoai^ Doen- was the chief relic of the west of the world 

Dai. In pofcela pin do po^bail oia onaccount of the singular cover. This Cos- 

picec aiDce ap Dib mipaib lap n^aic oe pel was found in twenty nights and two 

a oip, 7 poc cQipip. months, with its gold stolen off, and a sod 

over it*. 

I. Carta 

* This passage is also given in the An- will be found in his Trias Thaum. See 

nals of the Fotir Masters, at the year Petrie's Essay on the Bound Towers of 

1006, and a translation of it by Golgan Ireland, p. 436. 



128 



The Irish Charters in the Book of KdLs. 



L 

CARTA DB BALLI UIDRIN CUM MOLBNDINO BT DB BALLB COMGAIN CUM 

MOLBNDINO. 

TTluincep cfnnanpa fppaio Dcopam po fopaip apo camma .1. 
bailc ui uiopin co na muiliuno i co na hepuno uili, "| bailc ui com- 
jain cona hfpuno uili "| cona muiliuno, 00 oia t 00 colum cilli "] 
oono cppcop uf ccllai5 00 pfnoip pep inioi uili, "] Do Tnaelmaipe 
uf pobapcaij, Do cmO in oipipc .1. hi ccipc it), nouimip, la pcili 
mapcam .1. in bliaoain ac bdcacap bai hfpfnn i a mucca. Icccac 
inpo na maicc po foppacap .i. TTluipeoac ua clucain abb cfnnanpa 
conanign ua bpfplfn in pacapc ^uafpe ua clucam in pfplfjino afo 
mac mic pfccacan in popcnpcfnnfc piat) lafcaib macib imOaib .1. 1 
piaonaipe cigfpndn uf puaipc pig pfp bpcibnc uilc -| jappaio ui pe- 
Selluij (.1. pi macaipe jailfng) -| aoc ui fgpa -| piao maccaib uf 
puaipc .1. Donncao "| piccpiucc po fopapcea oan na Da bonle pfn 
.1. luijne connacc. 

Dipiupc cfnnannpa, Do ofopaoaib cpaibofcaib 00 Sp^F- Cipc cpa 
lafc no clfpfc ci in ajiD m cmcipfa bio fpconcc he o colum cille "i 
pincin, 1 oclfipcib hCpCnn, 6n6 fclaip cpipcaioe co coiccenn. 

IL Ro 



^ The Latin is written in a hand, pro- 
bably of the sixteenth century. 

* For the support of pilgrims, — fppaiD 
DeopaiD, wandering exiles or pilgrims. 
The transcriber has here obviously left 
out the particle 00, which, according to 
the strict rules of grammar, should be pre- 
fixed to rppaiD. 

^ Ardeamma. — This seems to be a gene- 
ral name for a division of land comprising 
. the sub-denominations of Baile ui Uidhrin 



and Baile ui Chomhgain. 

« BaiU Ui Uidhrin, L e. O'Heerin's 
town. According to the analogy by which 
Irish names became anglicised, this would 
be named Ballyheerin, or Ballyeerin. 

^ Baile Ui Chomhgain, would be angli- 
cised, Ballycowan, or Ballycowgan. The 
name is now obsolete. 

« DiserL — This word, which is trans- 
lated desertus locus in Cormac's Glossary, 
and desertum by Colgan {Acta Saiicto- 



The Irish Charters in the Book of Kelts. 129 



I. 

CHARTER OF BALLTHBBRIN WITH ITS MILL, AND BALLYCOWAN WITH ITS 

MILL**. 

THE family of Kells have granted for the support of pilgrims'^ 
Ardcamraa*, i. e. Baile Ui Uidhrin*, with its mill, and with all its 
land, and Baile Ui Chomhgain^, with all its land, and with its mill, 
to God, and to Columbkille, and to the Bishop O'Cellaigh, the senior 
of all the men of Meath, and to Maelmaire O'Rpbhartaigh, head of 
the Disert', on the third of the Ides of November, the feast of Martin, 
in the year when the kine and swine of Ireland perished by a pesti- 
lence. Here are the chiefs who made this grant, namely, Muredhach 
O'Clucain, abbot of Kells ; Conaing O'Breslen, the priest ; Guaire 
O'Clucain, the lector ; Aedh, the son of Mac Rechtogan, the vice- 
erenagh. In the presence of many distinguished laymen, (i. e.) 
in the presence of Tieman O'Rourke, King of the men of all Breifny*"; 
Godfrey O'Reilly, King of Machaire Guileng, and Ade O'Hara ; and 
in the presence of the sons of O'Rourke, Donnchadh, and Sitric, these 
two townlands, in Luighne, of Connaught, were granted. 

The Disert of Kells* [is granted] to pious pilgrims for ever. What- 
ever layman or clergyman shall oppose this grant, he shall be ac- 
cursed of Columbkille, and Finan, and the clergy of Ireland, and of 

the Christian Church in general. 

IL The 

rum^ p. 579), is sometimes used in ancient ^ All Brei/ny comprised the present 

Irish manuscripts to denote a hermitage, counties of Leitrim and Cavan. 

or an asylum for pilgrims or penitents. It ^ IHsert of Kells. — This paragraph ap- 

occurs in this latter sense in the Leabhar pears to describe the contents of No. II., 

BrectCy foL 100, a. a., and in the Book but it is in the same hand- writing as No. 

of Leinster, in the MS. Library of Tri- I., and seemingly in continuation of it, 

nity College, Dublin, H. 2, 18, foL 113, although written on the lower margin of 

b. a. the opposite page in the MS. 

IBISH ARCH. SOC. MISCELL. VOL. I. S 



130 The Irish Charters in the Book of Kelts. 

11. 

Ro eopaip pf cfrhpach h. 2. maclpfchnaill mac conchobaip hui 
mailpfchnaill, ocup commapbha coluim cillc .h. 2. oomnall mac 
pobapcaij con hulib ppuichib cfnanpa apchfna fcfp pacapr ocup 
fppcop ocup pfp Ifsfinn. po fbpaip ono cio m popaipchfnnfch h. 2. 
copmacc mac pfchcocan com macclfipchib pamcha coluim chiUc 
apchfna, po fbpaippfc OiOu na hull pm Oipiupc choluim chillc hi 
cfnunnup cona lub^opcdn Do Oia ocup 00 oeopaoaib cpaiobfchaib 
00 5pfp cfn pcilb noilip 00 nach fppaio ann cpca biuchu co po 
chmnc a bfchaio Do oia ocup copop cpaiobfch. 

Ip lac imoppa plain ocup Oilpi Do paca ina Oilpi m Oipipc yir), 
h. 2. ppuichi cfnanpa paofin cona nabbaio, Ri mioc h. 2. mad- 
pfchnaill mac conchobaip hui maclpfchnaill co pigpaio ocup ofch- 
ooinib mioc ap chfna, Donnchao mac aipDO huf puaip^ pi con- 
nacc ocup jalfnj;, in japbanach hua coppan co nocchigfpnaib 
jalfhj ap chfna, hi piaonaipi pig capil na pij .h. 2. Donnchaoa 

meicc 

^ H(u panted, OT offered, poebpaip. This O'Maelsechnaill was taken by the descen- 
verb is obsolete in the modem Irish Ian- dants of Maelsechnaill or Maelsechlainn, 
guage, unless loobaip may be considered a monarch of Ireland (who died in the year 
form of it. The Latin verb qffero^ L e. obfero, 1 022), who were the heads of the southern 
and its derivatives, bear some analogy Hy-Niall race ; it is usually anglicised 
with it, the Latin /er and the Irish beip O'Melaughlyn, or O'Melaghlin, in Anglo- 
being obviously cognates, and the ob and Irish documents previous to the reign of 
eo being prefixes. Queen Anne, since which period it has 

' MadsechnaiUy i. e. the servant or de- been changed to Mac Loughlin, by an un- 

votee of St. Sechnall or Secundinus, the accountable whim of custom, 

patron saint of Domhnach Sechnaill, now ^ Conehobkarj usually anglicised Conog- 

Dunshaughlin, in Meath. See Ussher's her, Cnogher, or Crohoor, in old Anglo- 

PrimordicL, p. 826, and Lanigan's Eccle- Irish documents, and now Conor. It is also 

siastical History of Ireland, voL i. p. 271. often latinized Cornelius. 

The name is usually anglicised Melaghlin, ° Mac Eobhartat^k — This name is an- 

and latterly Malachy. The surname of glicised Magroarty, in the county of Do- 



The Irish Charters in the Book of KeUs* 1 3 1 

IL 

The king of Tara has granted*', that is, MaelsechnailP, son of Con- 
chobhai^ O'Maelsechnaill, and the comharba [successor'] of Columb- 
kille, that is, Domhnall Mac Robhartaigh", with all the ecclesiastics 
of Kells, in like manner, both priest, and bishop, and professor; also 
the vice-erenagh has granted, that is, Cormac Mac Rechtogain®, with 
young clerics of the congregation of Columbkille in like manner; 
these have all granted for ever Disert-Colnmbkille in Kells, with its 
vegetable garden, to God and pious pilgrims ; no pilgrim having any 
lawful possession in it at any time until he devote his life to God, and 
is devout 

These are the guarantees and securities given for securing [the 
ffrant] of this Disert, viz. the clergy of Kells themselves, with their 
abbot; the King of Meath, that is, Maelsechnaill, the son of Conchobhar 
O'Maelsechnaill, with the kings and chieftains of Meath in like man- 
ner; Donnchadh^, the son of Art** O'Rourke, King of Connaught and 
Galeng' ,the (Jarbhanach* O'Corran,' with the young lords of Galeng 
in like manner ; in the presence of the King of Cashel of the Kings, 

that 

negal, where there are stiU many persons Anglo-Irish documents of the sixteenth 

of the name, and evidently of this race, century. It is latinized Dionysius and 

The head of the family dwelt at Bally- Donatus. 

magroarty, near the town of Donegal ^ Art^ now anglicised Arthur. 

He was the keeper of the celebrated relic ^ Gaieng^ a territory of considerable 

called the CcUhachy of St. Columbkille. extent in Meath. The name is still pre- 

See the great Ulster Inqidsition of 1609, served in the barony of Mor-Grallion, i. e. 

and Archdall's Monasticon, at Baile mic Graleng mor. 

Rabhartaigh, p. 95. ' Oarbhanaeh — This name, which would 

^ Mac Beehtogain^ now anglicised Bagh- be pronounced Crorvanaghj and means 

tigan, and in some places Battigan. The rough-&ced, is now obsolete as the proper 

name is stiU extant in Meath. name of a man. 

^ Dannckadhy now anglicised Denis; ^ 0*Corran^ now anglicised Corran, 

but it is usuaUy made Donough in without the prefix 0. 

S2 



132 • The Irish Charters in the Book of Kdls. 

mcicc capchaich hui chcllachcnn chafil poponaipcco oilp m 
Oippc pa 

bfnnachc ipu cpipc ocup choluim chillc cop na huilib noebaib 
nime ocup caiman pop cfc nofn moppap caoup ocup chdchaiD na 
fopapcu pin. TTlallachc imoppa ocup mfpao o oia cona nocbaib 
poppin ci chicpa m ajio cdcao ocup caouppa na fopapca pm. 
bcnoachc imoppa ofi bichbi co na hulib pipfnaib pop an pf ocup 
pop an nabbaio ocup pop an pammaO po Oilpi^pfc in Dipiupc pa 
DO Oia ocup 01a chpcnobfchaib. OpaiD 00 mac mapap cpoj po 
pcpib poipc ocup oilpi m oipiupca ['a 00 Oia ocup Dia chpaiD- 
bfchaib. 



III. 

pepano 00 pua^ell paccapc cfnanopa cona bpaCchpib .1. oa 
bpeplen cona bpaicpib .1. ippe mpo m pfpanD .1. acat> mume chop- 
cam coppin nacoo mop ap a bclaib ocup cona Ifnu ocup cona 
monai .1. coppice m lachaij pipp anfp ocup coppin cho6lachoo pip 
anaip ocup cop pit) aichliup pip anaip co na lanncaib ocup ppirh 
lanncaib ocup co na aichce .1. coppin lachaij Domnaig moip. 
Ocup ip pc po in I65, .1. ;runi. nunjai co puillcoaib ailib .1. co picec 
unjai lap Oorhucc. Ocup 6 ua piqmdn ofpsleo, .1. a pfpano oflfp 
pfm. Ocup icfac po pfp mna commaipge "] ma oflpe Do parai 
anD. Ofnjup mac mic pancdm Idncofpech p(l cuachail i coilc 
pollomam, ocup jilla oDop mac mic puaDachdm ocup cuDub mac 

mic 

" Ackad Muine Chotcain, L e. the field obsolete, 
of Goscan's hill or shrubbery. This name, ^ ZotAoeA, L e. the slough or quagmire, 

which would be anglicised Aghamoney- ■ Cod-Achadhj L e. narrow field, now 

cosquin, is now obsolete. It was, evi- obsolete, 
dently, near Donaghmore in Meath. ' Sidh AitMiuSy L e. the fairy mount of 

' Achadk mor^ L e. the great field, would Aithlis, or ford of the fort; would be an- 

be anglicised Aghamore, but the name is glicised Shee-Ahlis, but is now obsolete. 



The Irish Charters in the Book of Kells. 133 

that is Donnchadh, the son of Carthach, descendant of Ceallachan of 
Cashel, this grant of this Disert was confirmed. 

The blessing of Jesus Christ and of Columbkille, with all the 
saints of heaven and earth, upon every one who shall increase the 
respect and veneration for this grant But a curse and a misfortune 
from Grod and Ids saints upon the person who shall oppose the 
respect and veneration for this grant. The blessing of the living 
God and of all the just upon the king, the abbot, and the congregation 
who confirmed this Disert' to God and his pious [pilgrims\ A prayer 
for Mac Maxas Trogh, who wrote the freedom and the confirmation 
of this Disert to God and his pious [jpilgrims\ 



III. 

Land which the priest of Kells and his kinsmen purchased, i. e. 
O'Breslen and his kinsmen. This is the land, viz. Achadh Muine 
Choscain", with Achad mor* lying opposite to it, and with their mea- 
dows and bogs, i. e. as far as the lathach^ to the south, and as far as 
Coel- Achadh* to the east, and as far as Sidh Aithlius* to the east, with 
their houses and out-houses, and with its lawns, i. e. as far as the 
lathach of Domnach mor^ And this is the price, eighteen ounces [of 
gold], with other additional considerations, i. e. to the value of twenty 
ounces. And from O'Riaman^ it was purchased, it being his own lawful 
land. The following are the guarantees and sureties given in it, 
Oengus**, the son of Mac Rancan*, full chief of Sil-Tuathail and 

CoiU- 

^ Domnach mor^ L e. Dominica magna^ bablj in this parish, 
-now Donaghmore, a parish and townland, ^ (TRiaman, — This name is obsolete, 
with the ruins of an old church and round ^ Oengtis. — Also written Aengus, and, 

tower, situated to the north-east of the in modem orthography, Aonghus. It is 

town of Navan, in the county of Meath. anglicised Angus and iGneas. 
All the lands above mentioned were pro- * Mcic Eancan^ now Rankin. 



134 



The Irish Charters in the Book of Kdls, 



mic comjain .i. o clafno puaopac pfn, ocuf cuDuilij 6a pneain co 
na bpaiqiib 6 clain mupchaoa f fn, ocup oa ^^opTnan 6 claino 
conaill, ocup cpi mic mfic cfpnaig, ocup oa mac meic peppaij, ocup 
mac ui Dubchaig ooclamo chonjalaij mna noflpi popaib pen -| pop 
hufb piaman coppnaib uilib commaipjib pe pcoc ocup ioiait> popaib 

pfn .1. pop clamo chonjalais ocup fpchfnnech spellejc 

"I pccnap "1 a bachall peooaioe i epchfnnech cillc pcipe t 
bachall pcfpc, "] conalt mac Duib ocup lapndn .i. o popoup ule 
pen, ocup combapba coluim cille, .i. pfpoomnach oa clucdin co 
pamut) coluim cillc ule, ocup ofngup oa oomnalldn m canmcapa 

.1. 

f Sil'Tuathail and Coill FoUamhain — 
The position of Coill FoUamhain, which 
was the name of a woody district, may be 
determined from a note in the Feilire, or 
Festiloginm of Aengus at 14th September, 
which places in it the church of Roseach, 
now Russagh, near Rathowen, in the ba- 
rony of Maygoish, and county of West- 
meath. 

8 OiUa-OdhaTy L e. the pale youth, would 
be pronounced Gilly-ower, but it is now 
obsolete as the proper name of a man. 

^ Mac Ruadachan. — Anglicised Mac 
Roughan, and latterly shortened toRough- 
an. Rowan, and Rouen. 

* Cu-dvhhy L e. canU niger^ is now obso- 
lete as the proper name of a man. 

^ MacComhgain, — Anglicised Mac Co w- 

gan. 

^ ClannrRuadrach. — The situation of 
this dan has not been determined. 

°> Cu-duUigy L e. eanU avidus^ is now 
obsolete. 

" ffSneain. — This surname, which 



often occurs in the Irish annals, seems 
obsolete. The Editor has not met the 
name, or any possible form of it, in any 
part of Ireland. 

® C2ann- JftfreAocMa.^- AnglicisedClann- 
Murrough. The situation of this tribe is 
unknown to the £ditor. 

■* Clann-ConailL — Situation unknown. 

^ Mac Ceamach. — Anglicised Mac 
Kearney or Mac Carney. This name is 
now usually written Kearney, without 
any prefix. 

^MacSearraigh. — Anglicised Mac Sher- 
ry, and latterly Sherry. 

* O* Duhhthaigh, — Now anglicised Duffy 
in Leinster, Dowey in Ulster, and Duhig 
in Munster. The O is never prefixed to 
this name in modem times. 

* darm-Congalaigh, — Anglioe Clann- 
Connolly. This tribe was seated near 
Tara, in Meath. 

^ OreUech, — Now called in Irish Greillei 
and anglicised Girley by metathesis. It is 
the name of a parish lying a short distance 



The Irish Charters in the Book of Kdls, 



^35 



Coill-FoUamhain^, and GiUa-Odhar*, the son of Mac Ruadachan^, and 
Cu-duby , the son ofMac Comhgain^ ; these were of the Clann-Ruadrach* ; 
and Cu-duili^ O'Sneain" with his kinsmen, these were of the Clann- 
Murchadha" ; andO'Gronnan of the Clann-ConailP ; and the three sons 
of Mac Ceamach'', and the two sons of Mac Searraigh', and the son of 
O'Dubhthaigh', of theClann-Congalaigh^as guarantees for themselves 
and for the O'Siamains, with all the guarantees already and hereafter 
mentioned for themselves, i e. for the Clann-Congalaigh . . . and the Ere- 
nagh of Grellech", and the Sech-nabV and the Crozier of Reodaidhe*', 
and the Erenagh of Cill Scire*, and the Crozier of Scire, and 
Conall Mac Duibh, and laman, i. e. all these are of Sord^, and the 

Comharba 



to the south of Eells. 

" Seeh-nabbj L e. the vice-abbot 

^ Reodaidhe, — This saint is still vividly 
remembered in the parish of Girley, near 
Kells, of which he is still regarded as the 
patron, but his name is now shortened 
to Raed. In the Irish Calendar of the 
O'Clerys he is set down as St Rodaighe 
of Greallach-buna, at i6th of December, 
thus: 

*' Dec. 1 6. Haom Rooai^ 6 ^eallac 
buna, mac pailbe, mic Ronain, do 
pliocc NeiU Nof^^iallaij." 

''Dec 1 6. St. Bodaighe of Greallach- 
buna, the son of Failbhe, son of Bonan, of 
the race of NiaU of the Nine Hostages." 

The Editor could learn nothing of the 
crozier of this saint in the parish of Gir- 
ley. 

' cm Scire. — ^Now Eilskeer, a parish 
lying to the north-west of Kells, where 
the virgin Scire is still remembered as the 



patron saint, and where a holy well retains 
her name. Her name appears in the Irish 
Calendar under '' Nono Calend: Aprilis, 
iSbVe, virgin ofKilskeer in Meath." Colgan 
agrees with the Calendar, where he writes : 
" Hujus virginis festum celebratur in £c- 
clesia ab ipsa denominata in occidentali 
regione Mediae 24Martii juxta S. Aengus- 
slum. Mart. Tamlachtense, et Calend. Cas- 
selense in quo et ejus genealogia sic refer- 
tur: S. Schirra de Kill Schire in MediS, 
filia Eugenii, filiiCanannani, fil. Alildi, fiL 
Fergusii, fil. Eochadii Moimedonii, et eo- 
dem etiam modo Sanctilog. gen. & Aenguss. 
Auct. ejus tradunt genealogiam." — Acta 
^'S'., p. 337, n. 31. 

^ Sord, — This word is very obscure in 
the original. Sord or Sordtu^ as it is now 
locally called in Irish, is the Irish name of 
Swords, a village in the county of Dublin, 
where there was a celebrated abbey dedi- 
cated to St Columbkille. 



136 



Irish Charters in the Book of KeUs, 



.1. coTninapba m oippepc coluim cille, ocup mo fppcop 6a Oundn 
.1. pfnoip leiche cuino, ocup pi rempach .1. oomnall mac plainD 
huf maelpechnaill, ocup copp m cfchop comochcc app m cfchap- 
aipD .1. jilla beccdn mac cillai pechnaiU, oa ofoan aipchfnnech 
5pfnca, ocup oppm mac eccjail aipcfpe cfnnanpa, ocup mac 
Duiboaman aipchfnnec paca beccdn, ocup 6a piachpac aipchfnnech 
Domnaij m6ip. Ocup ip amlaio pogabca mna commaipje peuile 
lap ouiDecc 1 cimcell mo fpaino 00 Idp mo fpainno. Ocup bfnnacr 
oe popp naib commaipjib pe uile ndpa cpccec a commaipge, ocup 
nf paib enech na comaipce 6 01a occu 01a cpecec. "| ippamlaio 
acd m pepannpa ace ni poolecc nac cfpp Oe pia luaig "| ni olejap 
lap na luaij. 



IV. 

Do paipe cille oelga mpo. 

peccap cdnic Conchobop ua maelpechlamo 00 pfchpaOa ui aeoa 
.1. pia 51 Ua coloim .... coalcan cenanopa co capac comapba colaim 

cille (.i.maelmoipe uauchcan) co na pamuo "i co na minnaib 

nochc 



' CPChieain, — This family name is now 
obsolete in MeatL 

■ Oengtu 0* Domhmdlain, — Would be 
anglicised Angus or ^neas O'Donnellan. 

^ Anmchara, — ^Literally, friend of the 
souL This word is used by the Irish an- 
nalists in the sense of spiritual director. 
It is translated confesaariui by Colgan in 
Trias Thaum,^ p. 294, A, D. 749 ; and 
Ard-anmchara is rendered in the same 
work, p. 298, col. 2, by ^^ Archisynedrus^ 
seu proecipuus can/eMarius.^^ 

^ Leath' Chuinn^ L e. Conn's half, i. e. 



the northern half of Ireland. 

^ OiUa-Beean^ L e. the servant of St. 
Becan. 

' Oedhan, woud be anglicised O'Heaun, 
but the name is now obsolete. 

^ Oreanaeh. — ^Now Granagh, in the ba- 
rony of Batoath, county of Meath. 

s Mcie Eachtgkail^ would be anglicised 
Mac Aughteel, but the name is obsolete. 

^Mac Duibhdaman, — Obsolete. 

' Rath'Beccan, L e. the fort of St. Bee- 
can, now Rathbeggan, a parish in the ba- 
rony of Batoath in the county of Meath. 



The Irish Charters in the Book ofKeUs. 137 

Comharba of Columbkille, Ferdomnach O'Clucain', with all the 
congregation of Columbkille, and Oengus O'Domhnallain*, the Anm- 
cha^a^ i. e. Comharba of Dieert-Columbkille ; and the Bishop O'Du- 
nan, senior of Leath-Chuinn*; and the King of Tara, i. e. Domhnall, the 
son of Flann O'Maelsechnaill, and with the four strangers from the 
four cardinal points, i. e. Gilla-Becan**, Mac Gilla-Sechnaill, O'Oedhan*, 
Erenagh of Greanach^ and Oisin Mac Eachtghail* Ostiarius of Kells; 
and Mac Duibhdaman**, Erenagh of Rath-Beccan*, and O'Fiachrach'', 
Erenagh of Domhnach mor*, and these sureties were taken as they 
were passing around the land, and through the middle of the land, 
and the blessing of God upon all these sureties, so as they do not 
violate their guarantee ; and they shall not have defence or protection 
from God if they violate it. No rent is duo of this land before it8 
being purchased, or after its being purchased. 



IV. 

OF THE FREEDOM OF GILL DELGA". 

One time that Conchobhar O'Maelsechlainn came to a peaceful 
conference with the grandson of Aedh (i. e. Gilla Columb alum- 
nus of Kells), so that the Comharba of Columbkille (i. e. Maelmuire 

O'Uchtain) with his congregation and reliques came to give them 

protection 

This church is not mentioned in the * Domhnadi mor Now Donoghmore, 

Feiiire Aenguis^ or in the Irish Calendar near Navan, in Meath. 

of the O'Clerys. There was a St. Beccan °> CiU ddga^ now Kildalkey, a parish 

of Imleach Fia in the district of Fera Cnl situated to the west of the town of Trim, 

in Bregia, whose name appears in these in the barony of Lune or Luighne, and 

Calendars at 5 th April. The name Bath- county of Meath, where the festival of the 

beccan is now Bathbeggan. celebrated virgin St. Damhnat or Dym- 

^ (yFiachradU'^l^Gw obsolete, or per- phna is still celebrated on the 15th of 

haps altered to Feary. May. 

IBISH. ABCH. SOC. MISCEIX. VOL. I. T 



»38 



The Irish Charters in the Book of KeUs. 



nochc chommaipchc pP'"* 1 conappagaib pop a muin oo alcoip 
coluim cillc "I conappuc leip co lep luigoech "] co pop oall ip 
in jlmo pi Dun meic cenrian a noep. Conio i cmam in cpdpaijuhe 
pem DO pac concobop ua maelpeclaino cill oel^a co na cpfch *] 
CO na pepuno t>o oia "| do colum cille co bpac cen cip cen cobac 

cen pecc cen lua^eD cen chomnim pig na roipij puippi map 

ba paeimi, ap ni laimeD caipech a caDall ccip cem po bai i epic. 
Ocup a ceac po mna commaipce "| inna plana Do paca ano.i.amal- 
jaiD comapba pacpaic co mbachaill fpu "| comapba pmnen "| com- 
apba ciapan cona mmnaib 6 cleipcib, pi imoppa celca aipOD.i.oenjup 
ua camelbam, "] pi celca cail .1. maelipu mac coipcen, "] pi maige 
laca .1. jilla jpiguip ua Dummaigc, -| pi cuach luigne .1. laiDgnen 
mac maelan, o laecaib, "| mop ingen meic concobaip inD pigan cen 
nach nachcop na commaipce pen co bpac. 1 piaDnaipe pep miDe 
ecep laecu 1 cleipciu do paca na plana pem "| na commaipce, i 
cucpac uile ecep laecu "| cleipciu a mbennaccain Do cac pig na 

caipgao 



" LeS'Luiffdechj i. e. Lughaidh's fort : 
name obsolete. 

® Dun-miC'Cennan, i. e. fort of the son 
of Cennan. 

P Comharba of Patricky L e. the Arch- 
bishop of Armagh. For some accotint of 
" the Staff of Jesus," see the Book of 
Obits of Christ Church, Introd. p.viiL-xx. 

^ The Comharba ofFinnen^ i. e. the 
Abbot of Clonard. 

' The Comharba ofCiaraiiy L e. the Ab- 
bot of Clonmacnoise. 

» Tdach-ardd, now Tullyard, a town- 
land in the barony of Upper Navan, about 
two miles to the north-east of Trim. This 
name, which was evidently that of a Bal- 



lybetagh or large ancient Irish townland, 
containing the seat of O'Coinnealbhain, 
originally embraced many of the modem 
denominations of land adjacent to the 
present townland of Tullyard, and among 
others that called Steeplestown, in which 
stood a round tower, called in the Irish 
Annals Cloicthech Telcha aird. The far 
mily of O'Coinnealbhain, nowQuinlan,are 
still extant inMeath, but not possessed of 
any portion of their original territory of 
Iveleary. O'Coinnealbhain was the lineal 
representative of Laeghaire, the last pagan 
monarch of Ireland, and the senior of the 
southern Hy-Niall race, though by no 
means the most powerful of them. It ap- 



The Irish Charters in the Booh of KMs. 



139 



protection. But he [Conchobhar] took him [Gilla Columb] on his 
back from the altar of Columbkille and carried him to Les-Luigdech", 
and deprived him of sight in the valley which is to the south of 
Dun-mic-Cennan\ It was in atonement for this violation that Con- 
chobhar O'Maelsechlainn gave Cill-delga, with its territory and 
lands, to God and to Columbkille for ever, no king or chieftain 

having rent, tribute, hosting, coigny, or any other claim on it as 

before, for no chief durst touch it while [staying] in the territory. 
Now these were the sureties and guarantees given in it, viz. Amal- 
gaidh, Comharba of Patrick**, with the staff of Jesus ; the Comharba 
of Finnen" ; the Comharba of Ciaran' with his reliques, of the clergy ; 
also the King of Telach-ardd*, Oengus O'Cainelbain ; the King of 
Telach-Cair, Mael Isu Mac Cairthen" ; the King of Magh-Lacha'', 
Gilla-Griguir O'Dummaig* ; the King of Tuath Luighne^, Laignen 
Mac Moelain*, of the laity ; and also Queen Mor, the daughter of the 
son of Conchobhar, without any revocation of this for ever. In the 
presence of the men of Meath, both clergy and laity, these sureties 
and guarantees were given ; and they all, both laity and clergy, gave 

their 



pears from various authorities that his 
territory comprised the baronies of Upper 
and Lower Navan. The hill of Tlachtga, 
near Athboy, is described in the Dinn- 
senchus as in O'Coindelbhain's territory. 

^ Tdach'CaU, L e. the slender hilL This 
name is now unknown. 

" Mae Cairthen would be pronounced 
Mac Carhen, but the name is obsolete. 

* Magh-Lacka, — This is probably the 
parish of Moylagh in the barony of Fore, 
in the north-west of the county of £ast 
Meath. 

* G^Duftimaig, — Obsolete. 



' TucUh Luighjie, i. e. the territory of 
Luighne. The name of this territory is 
still preserved in Lune, called in Irish 
Luighne, a barony in the west of the county 
of East Meath ; but it would appear from 
some ancient references to it that the an- 
cient Luighne was more extensive than 
the modem barony. 

* Laignen Mac Moelain. — This name 
would be anglicised Lynan Mac Moylan. 
The surname Moylan is extant in Meath, 
but without any prefix. Mac Mullen is 
common in the south of Ireland, but they 
are not of this race. 



T2 



1 40 The Irish Charters in the Book of KeHs. 

caipjao cap m paipc pem co bpac, "] cucpac uile a mallacrain 00 
cac pij 00 poipcD caipip pem. "| 510 juapacc do cac pf pnpujuD 
coluim cille ip guapaccuca do pij [i 510 juapacc Do cac pig ip 
guapaccuca do pig] cempach, uaip ip bpacaip he Do coluni cille. 

V. 

LanD po cfnnais congal ua bpfpclfn.i.lfc lainDfD mficc afoa cfpo 
.1. icfac ippara pilfc mna Dilpi aipe pfin "| ap cac Duine apcfna j. 
comapba coluim cille .1. jilla aDomnan ua coipcfn,"| pacapc cfnanopa 
.1. maelmapcam ua bpfpclfn "| pfplfginD cfnanopa .1. juaipe ua clu- 

cain . .-^ aipcfnnfc age ofijfo .1. ofngup mac jillaibain "| 

cumapa mace mic Duaipc ua m anao mac oippm "| in 

popaipcfnufc .1. muipioac mac mfic pfccacan ") coipfc mac 

mancan "| coipfc na pcoloc .1. ofngup ua gamna. Ipe mpo I05 

ocup planD mac meic aeDa "| unga pon Dilpi aipchfnnfch. 

VL 

* Tht relative of CdumbkiUe. — St Co- Beacbaire, in FingaL See Lanigan's Eo 

lumbkille was descended from Conall Gul- clesiastical History of Ireland, voL iiL 

ban, the son of Niall of the Nine Hostages; p. 85. See also Annals of Tighernach, 

and O'Melaghlin, King of Meath orTara, at the years 625, 741, 745, where men- 

from Conall Creamhthainne, another of tion is made of Lann Cluana airthir, 

the sons of King Niall. The clause within evidently meaning the church of Cluain 

brackets in the Irish text is a repetition airthir. 

evidently tinnecessary. ° Mac Aedha Cerd^ i e. Mac Aedha the 

^ A house^ lano. — This word is used to artificer or worker in brass, silver, or gold, 

denote a repository, and sometimes a ^ The hospital^ ri^e ofi^fo, literally 

house. It is used by the Welsh to denote means house ofthegueeU. 

a church ; see Culgan, Acta SS. p. 150, n. * Mac GrUlabain. — This name is angli- 

24, and p. 328, n. 10 ; and sometimes cised Mac Kilwane by the Irish, and Mac 

used in the same sense by the Irish, as in Ilwain by the Scotch. 

Lann-Elo, now Lynally, near Tullamore, ^ Mac Oisin^ anglicised Mac Cushen. 

in the King^s County (See Ussher, Frt- It is to be distinguished from the name 

mordia^ p. 960) ; in Lann-abhaic, now Cuipfn or Cushin, which is that of a family 

Glenavey, in the county of An trim; Lann- of English origin, who settled in Con- 



The Irish Charters in the Book of K ells. 141 

their blessing to every king who should not violate this freedom for 
ever ; and they all gave their curse to any king who should violate it ; 
and tliough it is dangerous for every king to violate ColumbkiUe, it 
is particularly dangerous to the King of Tara, for he is the relative 
of ColumbkiUe*. 



V. 

A house** was purchased by Congal O'Breslen, i. e. the half house 

of Mac Aedha Cerd^ These are the sureties for its perpetuity for 

themselves and for all men in like manner ; viz the Comharba of 

ColumbkiUe, i. e. Gilla-Adomnan O'Coirthen ; and the Priest of 

Kells, i. e. Maelmartin O'Breslen ; and the Lector of Kells, i. e. 

Guaire O'Clucain ; the Erenagh of the hospital**, i. e. Oengus 

Mac GUlabain*; and Cumara, the son of Mac Duarc O'M 

Anad Mac Oisin^ and the Fos-Erenagh^, i. e. Muiridhach**, the son of 

Mac Rechtacan* ; and the Chief of Mac Manchan" ; and the 

Chief of the Scologes*, i. e. Oengus O'Gamhna". This is the price 

given to and Flann, the son of Mac Aedha, and an ounce [of 

gold] for the fee-simple the Erenagh. 

VI. 

naught in the thirteenth century. ' The Scolcffes, i. e. the farmers. 

« Fo9-Bjrenaghy i. e. the Vice-Erenagh, " G*Gumhna. — This name is very com- 

or person deputed by the Erenagh to act mon in most parts of Ireland, and angli- 

in his pkce. cised Grafihey. There was a family of the 

^MuiridhadL — This name is more usu- name in the townland of Glenmore, in the 

ally written Muireadhach. It is anglicised barony of Ida and county of Kilkenny, 

Murray. remarkable for gigantic stature, as well 

* Mac Bechtaean. — Now Raghtigan or as for courage, activity, and strength. In 

Rattigan. some parts of Ireland the name is trans- 

^MaeManchan would be anglicised Mac lated Cauffield, from an idea that ^aihum 

Monahan. This name is to be distinguished means a calfj which, indeed, it does ; but 

from O'Manchain, which is that now an- this does not warrant the translation into 

glicised Monahan without either prefix. Cauffield. 



142 



The Irish Charters in the Book of Kells. 



VI. 

Socup apoa bpfcan 6 pig fpfnb o muipcfpcac ua loclainb 
1 o oiapmaic ua malpfchlamb o pig niioi "| o pig lofgaipe 
o afo mac conulao ua chaennulban. Qpaile oocup po bof o lofj- 
aipib ap in6 eclaip .i. aoaij coinnmfDa cec paichi. po aplaig ua 
loclamo pig fpfno i Diapmaic ua Tnaelpechlcnno pig mioe ap 
pfj loejaipe peic na haiOche pm co bpdr. ap cpi hunsaib o6p 
conio pofp Dm 6 ofb mooaib mo eclap co na cpfc "| co na pfpunb 
ap paipe coiccmb na nulc neclap "| ap m cen&aigechc pm 
coniD pcapcha om 6 na huilib mooaib amlam pm apo mpfcan ppi 

Loegaipib 



° Ard Breacain, L e.Brecan's height or 
hill, now Ardbraccan, the seat of the Bi- 
shop of Meath, two miles to the west of 
Navan. There was a monastery erected 
here by St. Ultan, who died in the year 
6 §6, but St. Brecan had previously erect- 
ed a church or hermitage here, and given 
name to the place. St. Brecan afterwards 
retired to the great island of Aran, in the 
bay of Galway, where he established a 
famous monastery. See O'Flaherty's Ac- 
count of lar-Connaught, printed for the 
Irish ArchsBological Society, p. 75. 

° Loeghaire This territory, which was 

otherwise called Ui Loeghaire, and which 
comprised thebaronies of Upper and Lower 
Navan, was possessed by the O'Coinnel- 
bhains or O'Kennellans, now Quinlans, 
the descendants of the Irish monarch 
Lo^haire, the son of Niall of the Nine 
Hostages. This family is of a different 
race from the O'Conallains or Conallans 



of the county of Roscommon, and from 
the O'CionghioUains or Connellans, who 
are now numerous in the cotinty of Sligo, 
as well as from the O'Caoinliobhains or 
Quinlivans of Munster. The pedigree of 
the Cu-Uladh mentioned in this document 
is given as follows in the Book of Lecan, 
and in the genealogical work compiled 
by Duald Mac Firbis: 

1. Cu-Uladh. 

2. Son of Cu-Uladh. 

3. Aengus. 

4. DomhnalL 

5 Gilla-Ultain. 

6. Aengus. 

7. Caindealbhan or Kennellan, 

the progenitor from whom 
this family have derived 
their surname O'Kennellan. 

8. Maelcron. 

9. Domhnall. 

10. ' Cinaeth. 



The Irish Charters in the Book of Kdls. 



43 



VL 

The freedom of Ard Breacain' granted by the King of Ireland, i. e. 
Mnirchertach O'Lochlainn, and by Diarmaid O'Maelsechlainn, King 
of Meath, and by the King of Loeghaire^ Aedh**, the son of Cu Uladh** 
O'Caenulbhain. The Loegrians' had a certain tribute on the church, 
viz. one night's Coinmhe* every quarter of a year. O'Lochlainn, King 
of Ireland, and Diarmaid O'Maelsechlain, King of Meath, induced the 
King of Loeghaire to sell this night's coinmhe for ever, for three ounces 
of gold. The church, therefore, with its territory and lands, is free, 
for two reasons, viz. on account of the general freedom of all 
churches, and on account of this purchase. And Ard Brecain is thus 
by all means separated from the Loegrians. These are the guaran- 
tees 



II. Son of CuroL 

1 2. AenguB. 

13. Feradach. 

14. Maelduin Dergeinigb. 

15. Colman. 

16. Aedh. 

17. Liber. 

18. Daillen. 

19. Enda. 

20. Loeghaire, monarch of Lreland 

at St. Patrick's arrival. 
21. Niall of the Nine Hostages, 

monarch of Ireland. 
This family was dispossessed by the De 
Lacies shortly after the English invasion. 
The last notice of them in the Annals of 
the Four Masters occurs at the year 1 160. 
The head of the family in the reign of 
Queen Elizabeth was Becan O'Kennelan or 
Kindellan, of BallynakiU, in East Meath, 



who died on the loth March, 1560. He 
was succeeded by his son, Edward Kin- 
dellan, who died in 1635, and was suc- 
ceeded by his eldest son, Becan, who died 
in the next year, leaving Edward Kin- 
dellan his son and heir, then eleven years 
old. See Meath Inquisitions. 

P Aedh. — Now generally anglicised 
Hugh. It has been Latinized Aidus, Odo, 
and Hugo, and translated ignis by Colgan. 
Trias Thaum. p. 176, n. 72. 

"> Cu Uladh Translated Canis Ultoniag 

in the Annals of Ulster. It is anglicised 
Cowley by Mageoghegan in his translation 
of the Annals of Clonmacnoise, and Cooley 
by Fynes Moryson and other English 
writers of the reign of Queen Elizabeth. 

' The Loeigrians, L e. the race of Loegh- 
aire, monarch of Ireland. 

• CoinmhSy coiniiie. — This word, which 



144 



The Irish Charters in the Book ofKdls. 



Loejaipib. IS lac po fldna m cfochuip pm -| na poipe, .i. gilla 
mficliac comapba pacpaic muipcfpcac pij fpfno, oiapmair mac 
Domnaill nific mupcaio pig mioe ecpii ua nuaoacan fppcop 
TYiioe, Congalac mac ffnan pig galfng Imap ua cachafaij 
pij faicnc, Domnall ua bpafn pig luijne, maelpuanaio ua 
ciapoa pij caipppc, moelcpon mac 51II1 pechlamb pig ofip- 
cipc bpej, mupcao ua pmnullan pig oelbna, mac ponan pfj 
caipppe gabpa, m ojpaipe na hecailpe co bpar, can comaircfp 

pligfo 



signifies feast or refection, is anglicised 
Coigny by English writers. See Spenser's 
Reviewo/the State of Ireland (DubLpp. 52, 
53), and Harris's Ware's Antiq. p. 77. 

" Imar O* Catliasaigk This name 

would be now anglicised Ivor O'Casey. 

^ Saithne. — The Saithne or O'Caseys 
are descended from Glasradh, the second 
son^ of Cormac Graileng, son of Teige, son 
of Eian, son of OilioU Olum, King of 
Munster, and settled here under the mo- 
narch Cormac Mac Art, in the third cen- 
tury. See O'Flaherty's Ogygiay part iii. 
c. 69. Giraldus Cambrensis states in his 
Hibemia Expugndta^ lib. ii. c 24, that 
Philippus Wigorniensis seized on the lands 
of Ocathesie, to the King's use, though 
Hugh de Lacy had formerly sold them. 
** Inter ipsa igitur operum suorum initi- 
alia, terras, quas Hugo deLacy alienauerat, 
terram videlic. Ocathesi et alias quam 
plures ad regiam mensam cum omni soli- 
citudine revocavit." 

^ Luighne^ now Luibhne or Lune. See 
note 'p. 139. 

' (yCiardhOy now anglicised Keary, and 



sometimes incorrectly Carey. 

■ Catr^e.— The territory ofCairbreUi 
Chiardha was co-extensive with the pre- 
sent barony of Carbury in the north-west 
of the county of Kildwe. After the sub- 
jugation of the O'Ciardhas their country 
became the possession of a branch of the 
Berminghams. Connell Mageogh^an, in 
his translation of the Annals of Clonmao- 
noise (made in 1627), ad ann. 1076, says, 
that Carbrey O'Kiergie was in his own 
time called " Bremyngham's country." See 
Genealogies, Tribes, and Customs of Uy- 
Fiachrach, p. 475. 

* South Bregia, now the district lying to 
the north of the river Liffey, comprising 
the barony of Dunboyne and other districts. 

** G*FinmtUan, — O'Finnellan was chief 
of Delvin, in the county of WestmeatL 
This family was dispossessed by Sir Hugh 
de Lacy, and their property transferred to 
the Nugents. 

* Cairbre Go^Ara.— This was a territory 
in the north of the present county of Long- 
ford, comprising the mountainous district 
now called Sliabh Chairbre, otherwise the 



The Irish Charters in the Book of Kdls. 



U5 



tees of this freedom and liberty, viz. Gilla-Mac Liag, the comharba 
of Patrick ; Muirchertach, King of Ireland ; Diarmaid, the son of 
Domhnall, son of Murchadh, King of Meath ; Etru O'Miadhachain, 
Bishop of Meath ; Congalach Mac Senain, King of Galeng ; Imar 
O'CathasaigV, King of Saithne" ; Domhnall O'Breen, King of Luighne* ; 
MalroneyO'Ciardha^, Kingof Cairbre' ; Moelcron Mac Gillisechlainn, 
King of South Bregia* ; Murchadh OTinnuUan^, King of Dealbhna ; 
Mac Konan, King of Cairbre-Grabhra* for the perfect freedom of the 

church 



Cam Mountains. Lanigan, in his ficclesi- 
stical History of Ireland, vol. iL p. lOO, is 
puzzled to distinguish the territories of 
Carbury in Meath from each other ; and 
Duald Mac Firbis falls into an error in plac- 
ing Cairbre Ua g-Ciardha in Gonmhaicne 
Maighe Kein, i. e. Mac RannaU's country, 
in the country of Leitrim. See his Genealo- 
gical work (Marquis of Drogheda's copy, 
p. 2 1 7). But the exact situation of Cairbre- 
Gabhra and Cairbre-0*g-Ciardha can be 
easily determined from the topographical 
poems of O'Dugan and O'Heerin, in which 
O^Ciardha is placed in Leinster, south of 
the Eiscir Riada, and O^Ronan, Chief of 
Cairbre Grabhra, in the ancient Meath. 
See Genealoffies^ TribeSj and Custonu of 
Hy-Fiachrctchy p. 276, note >, and p. 475. 
The fact is that Cairbre-0'g-Ciardha is the 
present barony of Carbury in the county 
of Kildare, and Cairbre-Grabhra is the 
present barony of Granard in the county 
of Longford, where the sons of Cairbre, 
the son of Niall, were seated in St. Fa- 
trick's time, to whom they granted a beau- 
tiful place called Granard. See O'Flaher- 

IBISH ARCH. 800. MISCELL. VOL. I. 



ty's Ogygifh part iiL c 85. The following 
entry in the Annals of Connaught, at the 
year 1420, will shew that the castle of 
Granard was in the territory of Cairbre 
Grabhra: '' Caiplen ^panaipo 1 Caipppe 
^abpai DO ^ab6il pop h-UiUiam llua 
pep^ail bo ^allaib. 3°iU bo cp^ccab 
an caipl^in tap pein, 7 Uilliam oa bpi- 
peab ap oman ^all. The castle of Gra- 
nard, in Cairpre Gabrai, was taken from 
William OTarrell by the EngUsh. The 
English afterwards abandoned the castle, 
and William demolished it from fear of 
the English." The mountainous parts of 
this barony still retain the name Cairbre, 
and the vivid traditions in the country 
respecting the curse pronounced by St. 
Patrick on the territory, where he was 
treated with indignity by the incredulous 
Cairbre, the monarch's brother, shew 
clearly that the district about Granard 
was originally called Cairbre. This is/ur- 
ther corroborated by the account of the 
Attacottic tribes in Ireland in the second 
century, preserved in the Book of Lecan, 
and transcribed by Duald Mac Firbis 

u 



146 



The Irish Charters in the Book of Kells. 



plijfo no caillfo ace a bic icoicfno Do muinnp apoa bpecan amal 
biap DO cac miDiuch ap cfna. 



VII. 

DopojiU gilla cpipc mac mancan m pepanD ap Do Idim po|x;ela 
ic Dola pfp ap ammup aca cacan no ap do laim b . . . am anip on 
dc 6 maccaib bcollam .1. o com ulaD ocop 6 bpacaip maelciapam. 
-| ip e m I05 fjMW, unga picfc .i. Dapguc ppicoeb legmD mic coin 
[ulaD ?] ICe na plana .1. moenac ua cmfca fpcmnec aca Daloap; 
-| aeD ua mailpcipe Do pon. T pcolcnge ua labpac [pijpogain. -j 
ip e m pcolaige hfpcm pucapcaip piac bpoic copcpa aldmaib mic 

imaip 

called Sliabh Cairbre, and tlie southern 



into his genealogical work, in which it is 
stated that a tribe called Tuath-Glas- 
raighe had been seated in Cairbre and in 
the adjoining districts around Lough Shee- 
lin, until they were dispossessed by Tua- 
thai Teachtmhar. 

It has been already stated that the 
mountainous portion of the barony of 
Granard still retains the ancient name of 
the territory, and that the highest eleva- 
tions of the district are called the Carn 
mountains ; and it may be worth while 
to add here that, according to the Dinn- 
senchus, the earns from which this name 
has been derived were called Cam-Fur- 
buidhe and Cam-Maine, which are describ- 
ed as on the summits of Sliabh Chairbre. 

After the O'Farrells had extended their 
power over the whole of North Teffia, 
they divided the territory of Cairbre- 
Gabhra into two parts, of which the 
northern or mountainous portion was 



or more level portion Clann-Seaain or race 
of Shane, or John, from the sept of the 
O'Farrells who possessed it. For a list of 
the townlands comprised in the district 
of Sliabh Chairbre, or, as it is anglicised, 
Slewcarberie, see Inquisition taken at Ar- 
dagh on the 4th day of April, in the tenth 
year of the reign of James 1. 

^ Ath'Catan would be anglicised Acat- 
tan. 

* BeoBain, — The name is now made 
Boland. 

' Cu-Uladh, This name is translated 
Cants UUonuBy i. e. or Ulster Dog, angli- 
cised Cowley and Cooley. Amongst the 
ancient Irish Dcff was a designation of 
honour ; to call a hero a Dog was as high 
a compliment as it would be to call him a 
lion at the present day. Accordingly we 
find in honour amongst them such names 
as Cu TTltbe, dog of Meath ; Cu TTIuTiian, 



The Irish Charters in the Book of Kells. 



H7 



church for ever, without liberty of roads or woods, but to be common 
to the family of Ardbreacan, as to every Meathian in like manner. 



VII 

Gillachrist Mac Manchain purchased the land on your gospel hand 
going down towards Ath-catan**, or on your [benediction] hand up 
from the ford, from the sons of BeoUan*, i. e. from Cu-Uladhf and his 
brother Mael Ciarain^. The price was twenty-four oimces of silver, 
besides the tuition of Cu-Uladh's son. These were the sureties, viz., 
MoenachO'Cinetha^, Erenagh of Ath-da-loarg*; and AedhO'Maelscire" 
for him ; and Scolaighe O'Labhrath* , [King] of Soghan", and it was 
that Scolaighe who gave the price of a crimson mantle into [or out 

of 



dog of Munflter ; Cu Connacc, dog of 
Connaught ; Cu 6la6fnci, dog of Slieve 
Bloom ; Cu Caipl, dog of Cashel ; Cu 
fleibe, dog of the mountaia ; Cu mai^e, 
dog of the plam, &c. &c. 

s Mad Ciaraifiy i. e. serysnt of St. 
Kieran. The name is now anglicised 
Mulkieran andMulherin. 

** G^Cinetha^ now anglicised Kenny, 
without the O. 

^ Ath-da-loarg, — This is the old Irish 
name of the site where the abbey of 
Boyle, in the county of Koscommon, was 
foimded in the year i i6i. See the Irish 
Calendar of the OClery's, at 1st Decem- 
ber, from which it appears that before the 
erection of the great abbey there had been 
an old Irish church at Ath-da-laarg, at 
which the memory of the holy Bishop 
Mac Cainne was venerated on that day. 

u 



^ Aedh G*Maekcire would be anglicised 
Hugh O'Mulskeery, but the name is ob- 
solete or disguised. 

* Scolaighe O'Labhrath would be angli- 
cised Scully O'Lavery or O'Lowry, both 
of which names are still common. The 
word Scolaighe signifies a scholar or 
schoolmaster. 

™ Soghan^ more usually written Sodan. 
There were three districts of this name in 
Ireland, of which the most celebrated was 
in Hy-Many, in Connaught, for the extent 
of which see TribeB asid Cwitxmi o/Hy- 
Many, pp. 72, 87, 89, 90, 91, 130, 164. 
The second was in Meath, and the name 
is supposed to be preserved in that of the 
parish of Siddan, anciently Sodan, in the 
barony of Slane. The third was in the 
territory of Ferzmihagh, now the barony 
of Famey, in the county of Monaghan. 



1 48 The Irish Charters in the Booh of Kelts, 

imaip a[ca]bpiri mna popoilpi. TTlael bjiij nan comapba 

colaim cille "| ^uape iia clucam m pep le;^ino ") pacapc cfnanniKi 

"] oa coipfc clebapca ocof oom oc muinnp cfnannpa 

in n-ogoilpi in pfpfno ap meic mic beolcnn i ap cec nune ap 

cfna noluaopfo m pepanD. Ice o galengaib. 5^^^^ cpipc 

ua loipce CO na claino "| mac jillaibpijci mic acjiDi o ua mup- 

cim ocop mac ui ap 1. o -| mac Danaip o uaib 

^elojan. i Dongal ua buacaillen 6 clamo copmaic, piacpaig 

imoppa mac congail fpcinnfc ua cmeca fpcinnec imlig 1 

planigfcc mo pepamo cfcna. TTlaelpuanaio mac meic cmnaic -| 

amlaib mac meic piacpac 6 u bpiuin. Ipe imoppo cpicao 

inD epamo pm ocd m pipoic anfp co cuapcfpc locain pacpuic po 
ruaiD. fppai m muilmo umoppo ipe nop cpfcano bonleir ailc. 



The Soghan referred to in this document 
is evidently that in Meath. 

" Afac Imavy L e. the son of Ivor or Ifars 
IIL, King of the Danes of Dublin, who 
flourished about the year 105a 

^ Mad Brigit O^Cianan. — If this name 
he correctly decyphered (for it is very 
obscure in the MS.) it is the name of an 
abbot of Kells who was killed A. D. 1 1 17. 
See the Four Masters, in anno. 

■* GiUachrist O^Loiste would be angli- 
cised Gilchreest O'Lusty. 

* Afac Aihgidu — This name is now un- 
known, as are the other nsunes of families 
and tribes above-mentioned, Hy-Murthim, 
Mac Danair, Hy-Gelogan, O'Buachaillen, 
and Clann-Cormac 

' O'CireUuiy now obsolete.* 

* InUeach^ now Emlagh, an old church 
giving name to a parish situated about 



four miles to the north-east of Kells, in 
Meath. In the Feilire Aenguis^ at 5th 
April, this church is called Imliuch Fia, 
and placed in the territory of Fera Cul 
Breagh. Its patron saint is Becan mac 
Cula. The word imleac denotes land 
bordering on a lake, and Fia is explained 
'' nomen mentis" by the glossographer of 
the Feilire. 

^ MadruanaidL — Anglicised Mulrony. 

° Mac Ceneth, — ^Anglicised Mac Kenny. 

* Andaibh would be written QihlaoiB, 
Amhlaoibh, according to the modem Irish 
orthography. This name, which is of 
Danish origin in Ireland, has been va- 
riously anglicised Aulaff, Amla£f, Auliffe^ 
Olave, and Awley. 

' Mac Fiachraig, This name is angli- 
cised M^ Keighry, and by some changed 
to Carey. 



The Irish Charters in the Booh ofKells, 1 49 

of?] the hands of Mac Iraar" for its perpetuity. Maelbrigpt OCia]nan°, 
Comharba of Columbkille : and Giiaire O'Clucain, the reader, and 

the priest of Kells, and Da chief of Clebarta and Dom 

are guarantees to the family of Kells for the perfect Right of the land 
from the sons of Mac Beollain and every other person in like man- 
ner, who should claim the land. These of the Galengs, [viz.] 

Gillachrist O'Loiste** with his sons ; and the son of Gilla Brighde 

Mac Athgidi" of the Hy-Murthim and the son of O' Ar and 

Mac Danair from the Hy-Gelogan; and Dongal O'BuachaiUen of the 

Clann-Cormac ; Fiachraig Mac Congail, Erenagh of O'Cire- 

tha', Erenagh of Imleach*, in guarantee of the same land. Maelrua- 
naidh*, the son of Mac Ceneth" and Amlaibh", the son of Mac 

Fiachraig* of the Hy-Briuin^. The boundary of this land is 

from the Siofoic* at the south to the north of Lochan-Patruic' 
northwards. The end of the mill is what bounds it at the other 
side^. 

Observations 

^ Hy-Briuin, L e. the Hy-Britdn- voce Erdam). 

Breifne, who branched into many families, * Lochan-Patruie^ L e. Patrick's little 

but of whom the O'Rourkes, O'Beilljs, lough. No such name exists at present 

Magaurans, and Mac Kiemans, seated in in the vicinity of Kells. 

East or West Breifny, or the counties of ** Other Me — It ought to have been 

Cavan and Leitrim, were the most dis- observed in an earlier part of these notes 

tinguished. that the foregoing Charters are printed 

' Siofoic — This was the name of a place without stops, or capital letters for the 
in the town of Kells, for we learn from proper names: the contractions of the ori- 
the Annals of the Four Masters, at the ginal have not been retained, for it would 
year 1156, that " Kells was burned, both have been impossible to represent them 
houses and churches, from the cross at the correctly without getting type cast ex- 
door of the Urdom [or portico] to Sio- pressly for the purpose. The character 
foic'* For the meaning of the word Ur- f which denotes the long e or ea, and is 
dom or Erdam, see Petrie's Essay on the common in old MSS., has, however, been 
Round Towers, in the Transactions of the preserved. See O'Donovan's Irish Gram- 
Royal Irish Academy, vol. xx. (Index, mar, p. i8. 



150 The Irish Charters in the Book of KeUs. 



Observations on the foregoing Charters. 

The foregoing Charters are of a date some centuries later than 
that of the Book of Kells itself, in which they are found ; and it will 
be necessary to distinguish between the date of the Charters, i. e. of 
the contracts to which they relate, and of the copies now extant in 
the Book of Kells, which were probably transcribed from the original 
deeds into this sacred and venerable book in order to secure their 
preservation. The ink has in many places so faded that several words 
are illegible ; and this appears to have been the case even in the time 
of Ussher, who had faithful transcripts of the first six of them made 
into a paper book, now preserved among his manuscripts in the 
Library of Trinity College, Dublin (E. 3. 8.) These transcripts, 
although not always accurate, have preserved some words which 
have been since destroyed by the bookbinder. 

That the hand- writing of these dociunents, as they are now found 
in the Book of Kells, is not coeval with the persons whose names 
are mentioned in them, is evident from the fact that they appear to 
have been transcribed, at the same time, whereas it is quite obvious 
that Nos. 11. and IV. are at least half a century older than No. I. 
The period at which they were transcribed into this book may be 
conjectured from the character of the writing and the contractions, 
which would appear to belong to the latter part of the twelfth cen- 
tury ; but the dates of the deeds themselves can be pretty accurately 
fixed, from the notices of the deaths of the parties concerned, which 
are recorded in the Irish Annals, and will be given in the following 
remarks. 

These Charters are exceedingly interesting to the historian, as 
proving that the ancient Irish had committed their covenants to 
writing in their own language before the Anglo-Norman invasion ; 

and 



The Irish Charters in the Book of Kelts. 151 

and that their chiefs, though not succeeding according to the law of 
primogeniture, claimed the right of binding their successors to cove- 
nants lawfully made by them — a right which Shane O'Neill and 
others called in question in the sixteenth century. 

The other extant Charters made in Ireland at the same period are 
very few indeed, and are all in the Latin language. They are 1 . The 
Charter of the foundation of the Abbey of Newry, granted about the 
year 1 1 60, by Muirchertach or Mauritius Mac Loughlin, monarch of 
Ireland, by consent of his nobles^. 2. The Charter of the foundation 
of the Cistercian abbey of Rossglass, now Monastereven, by O'Demp- 
sey, about the year 1 178**. 3. The Charter of foundation of the Au- 
gustinian monastery of Ferns by Dermot Mac Murrough, King of 
Leinster, previously to his having invited the English to invade Ire- 
land, that is, about the year ii6i*. 4. The foundation Charter of 
the Priory of All Saints on Hoggin Green in 1 1 66^ 

How early the ancient Irish began to commit their contracts 
and covenants to writing has not been yet determined, nor indeed 
made a subject of inquiry by any one qualified to arrive at just con- 
clusions. If we may credit the compiler of the Book of Ballymote, 
Cathaoir Mor, monarch of Ireland, who died in the year of Christ 
128, made a long last will and testament, which this compiler has 
transcribed, and which would puzzle any lawyer in Christendom to 

explain 

^ A translation of this Charter, with ^ This has also been published in the 

some illustrative notes, was published by Afonasticon An^licanum, voL ii. p. 1040. 
the Editor in 1832 in the Dublin Penny ^ A copy of this Charter is among Har- 

JoumaL ris's Collections in the library of the Dub- 

^ This is published in the Mofuutieon lin Society ; and has recently been printed 

Anfflieanum, voL ii. p. 103 1, and the by the Irish Archeeological Society in the 

Editor has found it most useful in settling Registrum Ccenobii Omnium Sanctorum, 

some disputed points connected with the edited by the Rev. R. Butler, from the ori- 

history and topography of Monastereven. ginal MS. in the library of Trinity College. 



152 The Irish Charters in the Book ofKells^ 

explain. We have also copies of the testamentary precepts of Moran 
Mac Main, who was chief Brehon to the Irish monaroh Feradach the 
Just, in the first century. But, without insisting on the authenticity 
of these productions, we may clearly infer from some entries in the 
Book of Armagh that deeds of contract and even of sale of lands 
were committed to writing from the' earliest ages of Christianity in 
Ireland. It is more than probable that hundreds of such deeds were 
preserved in the Irish monasteries, but it must be confessed that 
very few of them are now known to our antiquarians, if indeed they 
have survived the ravages of time. 



No. I. — ^Pagb 128. 

The Irish annals do not record the exact date of *' the perishing 
of the kine and swine of Ireland by a pestilence" within the century 
to which this Charter must be referred ; but from the records in those 
Annals of the deaths of the persons mentioned in the Charter, it is 
certain that it must have been executed before A. D. 11 40, in which 
year the death of the Bishop O'Cellaigh or O'KeUy is recorded by 
the Four Masters in the following words : 

'' A.D. 1 140. Eochaid O'Kellj, head of the men of Meath, the most venerable 
bishop in all Ireland, died at an advanced age at Durrow Columbkille.'* 

So also Harris, in his edition of Ware's Bishops, says : 

*' Eochaid G* Kelly ^ Archbishop of the men oiMeaOhy is mentioned in the anonymous 
Annals to have died in the year 1 140^/' 

The next person named in this document of whom any notice is 
preserved in the Irish annals is Muredhach O'Clucain, Abbot of Kells, 
whose death is entered in the Annals of the Four Masters at the year 
1 1 54, The periods of some of the more distinguished lay chieftains 

mentioned 

> Harris's VTare, p. 140. 



» 
/ 



The Irish Charters in the Book ofKeUs. 1 53 

mentioned can also be well ascertained, as that of TiernanO'Ronrke, 
" King of the men of all Breifny " This is the celebrated O'Rourke, 
whose wife eloped with Dermot Mac Murrough, King of Leinster, in 
the year 1 152, an event which is supposed to have been the original 
cause of the English invasion. This Tieman makes his first appearance 
in Irish history in the year 1 128, when he insulted and assaulted Cel- 
sus, Archbishop of Armagh, and killed some of his clergy, from which 
period forward he figures as one of the most conspicuous of the Irish 
chieftains till the year 1 172, when he was slain on the hill of Tlacht- 
gha, near Athboy, by Griffin, a nephew of Maurice Fitzgerald. 

The next chief is Godfrey or Geoffrey O'Reilly. According to the 
Annals of the Four Masters he was banished into Connaught in the 
year 1 154 by Murchertach O'Loughlin or Mac Loughlin, King of the 
north of Ireland, and was slain at Kells in the year 1 161, by Melaghlin 
O'Rourke. 

From these dates we may safely conclude that this document 
cannot be older than the year 1 128, nor later than 1 140, in which the 
venerable Bishop O'Kelly died. 



No. II. — Page 139. 

The date of this Charter may be pretty accurately fixed from the 
notices of the more distinguished persons therein mentioned, pre- 
served by the Irish annalists. The death of Maelsechnaill or Mael- 
seachlainn, the son of Conchobar O'Maelseachnaill, or O'Mealseach- 
lainn, King of Tara, is entered in the Annals of the Four Masters, at 
the year 1087, as follows: 

" A. D. 1087. Maelseachlainn, the son of Conchobar O'Maelseachlainn, King of 
Tara. was killed in treachery and guile by Cathal Mac Mniricen and the men of Teffia, 
at Ardagh of Bishop Mel." 

Domhnall 

IRISH ARCH. SOC. MISCELL. VOL. I. X * 



1 54 The Irish Charters in the Book ofKells. 

Domhnall Mac Robhartaigh, the Comharba or successor of St. 
Columbkille at Kells, died, according to the Annals of the Four Mas- 
ters, in the year 1098. His name occurs in the inscription on the 
celebrated relic called the Cathach of St. Columbkille, now deposited 
in the Museum of the Royal Irish Academy. 

Donnchadh, the son of Art O'Rourke, King of Connaught, men- 
tioned as one of the guarantees and securities of the grant to which 
this deed relates, was killed, according to the Annals of the Four 
Masters, in the battle of Moin Cruinneoige, on the 4th of the Calends 
of November, in the year 1 084. The O'Briens carried away his head 
in triumph to Limerick, but it was recovered in 1088 by Donnell 
Mac Loughlin, King of Aileach. 

Donnchadh, the son of Carthach, " King of Cashel of the Kings," 
and descendant of Callaghan-Cashel, was the brother of Muireadhach, 
the ancestor of the Mac Carthys. He is called King of Cashel in 
the interpolated Dublin copy of the Annals of Innisfallen, in which 
it is stated that he was slain by Callaghan O'Callaghan in the year 
1092; but in the Annals of the Four Masters, which mention his 
death at the same year, he is called King of Eoghanacht Chaisil. 
The relationship of this Donnchadh to Callaghan O'Callaghan, by 
whom he was slain, will appear from the following table** : 

Callaghim Cashel, K. M. d. 954. 

I 

Donnchadh, d. 962. 



__ > 

Saerbhreathach, a minor in 977. Murchadh, d. 1014. 



I 

Carthach, killed in 1045. Domhnall, d. 1044. 



r 

>n 
Ci 
slain 1092. 



Callaghan, by whom Donn- 
Donnchadh Muireadhach, ancestor of the Mac Carthys, d. 1045. chadh was slain in 1092. 

Mac Carthaigh, 



It 

^ For the rest see Circuit of Muirchertach, Additional Note B, p. 64. 



The Irish Charters in the Book ofKells. 155 

It follows, therefore, that the year 1 084 is the latest date that can 
be assigned to the Charter before us. 



No. III. — Page 132. 

The date of this Charter is fixed to the latter part of the 
eleventh century by our knowledge of the obits of three of the 
persons mentioned in it, namely, O'Clucain, Comharba of Keils ; the 
Bishop O'Dunan ; and Donnell, the son of Flann, King of Tara. 
According to the Annals of Ulster and the Four Masters, Fer- 
domhnach O'Chicain, Comharba of Kells, died in the year 1 1 1 4. 
The death of Maelmuire O'Dunan, archbishop, is entered in the 
Annals of Ulster, the Annals of the Four Masters, and the interpo- 
lated copy of the Annals of Inisfallen, at the year 11 17; but they 
differ as to the name of his see. The Four Masters call him Arch- 
bishop of Munster, and the Annals of Inisfallen Archbishop of Ire- 
land. The old translation of the Annals of Ulster makes mention of 
two prelates of this name who died in 11 17, namely, "Maolmure 
O'Dunan, chief Bishop of the Irish, and head of Ireland, clergy and 
laitye, for almes," &c. ; and " Maolmure O'Dunan, Archbishop of Mun- 
ster." In Mageoghegan's translation of the Annals of Clonmacnoise, 
at the year 1 1 00, where an account is given of a synod held that year 
at Cashel, he is called '' O'Downan, arch Bushopp and Elder of Ire- 
land." In Harris' edition of Ware's Bishops, p. 467, " MUer or 
Melmury O'Dunan, Archbishop of Cashel, is said to have died at 
Clonard, on the 24th of December, 1 1 18, in the 77th year of his age. 
And again, in the list of the Bishops of Meath, p. 140, "/dlwnan, called 
Bishop of Meath, is said to have flourished in 1096." The fact would 
appear to be that there was but one O'Dunan, and that he was Bishop 
of Meath, and that ** head of the clergy of Ireland/or almes^^ has been 
understood as meaning archbishop, when, in reality, it means nothing 

X 2 more 



0^RV«^*^H^B^i^^i^*«i ■ Vi I » I ■ J I ,J 



1 5 6 7%^ /mA Charters in the Book of Kdls. 

more than *' the most charitable bishop." Were he Bishop or Arch- 
bishop of Cashel he would not be styled Senior of Leth Chuinn in 
this document, but of Leth Mhoga ; the former being the ancient 
name for the northern, and the latter for the southern half of Ireland. 
According to the Annals of Clonmacnoise and of the Four Mas- 
ters, Domhnall or Donnell, the son of Flann, King of Tara, mentioned 
in this deed, was King of Meath, and was deposed and slain by his 
own people in the year 1 094. It must, therefore, follow, that this 
document was drawn up some time previous to that year. 



No. IV. — Page 136. 

Nothmg remains to determine the age of this document but the 
name of Amhalgaidh, Comharba of Patrick, who became Archbishop 
of Armagh in the year 1021, and died in 1050. There were many 
Kings of Meath of the O'Melaghlin family named Conchobar or 
Conor, but the personage here referred to must be Conchobar or 
Conor, the son of Domhnall, who is mentioned in the Annals of 
Ulster, of Clonmacnoise, and of the Four Masters, as having blinded 
his brother Flann in the year 1037. 

The death of a Maelmuire h-Uchtain, Comharba of Kells, is 
entered in the Annals of the Four Masters at the year 1008, but the 
person referred to in this document must have been a later namesake 
of his who flourished in or after the year 1021, when Amhalgaidh 
became Comharba or successor of St. Patrick. But of this second 
Maelmuire the Irish annalists have preserved no notice. 



No. V. — Page 140. 

The names of the sureties mentioned in this deed do not occur 
in the Irish annals, but the date of the document may be inferred 
from that of No. VII., where it appears that Guaire O'Clucain, the 

Lector 



The Irish Charters in the Book of Kdls. 1 57 

Lector of Kells, was contemporary with the son of Imar III., King of 
the Danes of Dublin. 



No. VI. — Page 142. 

The date of this document can be fixed to about the middle 
of the twelfth century by the notices of the more illustrious per- 
sons therein mentioned, namely, Muirchertach O'Loughlin ; Dermot 
O'Melaghlin; Gilla Mac Liag, Comharba of St. Patrick ; and Edru 
O'Miadhachain, Bishop of Meath. 

I. Muirchertach O'Loughlin was monarch of Ireland "without 
opposition," in the year 1 1 6 1 , about which time he granted a charter 
to the monastery of Newry. He was slain in the year 1 166. 

2. Dermot O'Melaghlin was contemporary with the monarch Muir- 
chertach O'Loughlin, and survived him several years. He was ap- 
pointed King of Meath in the year 1 1 57 by the Synod of Mellifont, 
in the place of his brother Donnchadh, who was excommTinicated by 
the same Synod. 

3. Gilla-mac-Liag or Grelasius, Comharba of Patrick, was Arch- 
bishop of Armagh. He succeeded in the year 1 1 37, and died in 1 1 74. 

4. Edru O'Miadhachain, Bishop of Meath, succeeded in 1 1 50, 
and died in 1 1 73 or 1 1 74. He assisted at the Synod of Kells in 1 1 52. 

From these historical notices it is evident that this document 
cannot be older than the year 1157, when Dermot O'Melaghlin 
became King of Meath, nor more modem than 1 1 74, when the Arch- 
bishop Gilla-mac-Liag, or Gelasius, died. 



No. VII. — Page 147. 

The date of this document may probably be fixed to the close of 
the eleventh century, if Maelbrigit Cenan be mentioned in it, which 

is 



158 The Irish Charters in the Book o/Kdls. 

is certainly doubtful, for the word is almost illegible, and the letters 

mdelbpij nan are all that can with certainty be read. He 

was killed, according to the Four Masters, in 1117. The son of 
Imar, with whom Scully O'Lavery, one of the sureties, was contem- 
porary, was probably Sitric, son of Imar or Ifars, third King of the 
Danes of Dublin, who flourished about the year 1 050. 



Art. XL Original Charter granted by John Lord of Ireland to the 

Abbey of Mellifont. 

JOHANNES filius domini Regis Anglie • et dominus Hybemie • Ar- 
chiepiscopis -Episcopis • Abbatibus -Comitibus • Baronibus • Justicia- 
riis • Constabulariis • et omnibus ministris et fidelibus suis • Francis • 
Anglis et Hyberniensibus de tota Hybernia • salutem. Sciatis me con- 
cessisse et presenti carta mea confirmasse • monachis de Mellrfonte • 
donationem et concessionem quam dominus Rex Anglie pater meus eis 
f[^ci^]. Scilicet locum et sedem abbatie sue • cum omnibus perti- 
nentiis suis • Grangiam scilicet de Kulibudi"* et Munigatinn** [cum 
pertinentiis'] suis • Et grangiam de Melle*^ cum pertinentiis suis • Et 
grangiam de Drochetatha** cum pertinentiis suis • Et Raithmolan* et 

Finnauer" 

* Ktdibudi. — This place is not on the ^ MeUe, — Now Mell, a townland in the 

Ordnance map. parish of Tullyallen, it is bounded on the 

^ Munigatinn — Archdall, who appears east bj the townland of Moneymore, which 

to have seen this charter, has given a very may possibly be the Munigatinn of the 

inaccurate copy of it; he mentions "the charter. See Ord. Map of Louth, sheet 24. 

granges of Eulibudi and Ogumgairan.^'* — ^ Drochetatha, — Drogheda, which is 

Monasticon Hib. p. 480. Munigatinn is called in Irish Droichei-atha, L e. bridge 

perhaps the same as Monkenewton, men- of the ford, and latinised Pantana. See 

tioned as one of the possessions of Melli- Ussh. Primordia, p. 857. 

font, in an Inquisition taken at Navan, * Baitkmclan. — Rathmullen, a town- 

28 Aug., 1628. See/n^M. ofMeaikt 40 land in the barony of Lower Duleek : see 

Car. I. Ord. Map of Meath, sheet 20. In 1628 



Origrud Charter granted by John Lord oflrdand. 1 59 

Finnauer cum' pertinentiis suis • Et grangiam de Teachlenni* cum per- 
tinentiis suis • Et grangiam de Rosnarrigh** cum pertinentiis suis • Et 
Culen* cimi pertinentiis suis • Et grangiam de Cnogva*^ cum perti- 
nentiis suis • Et grangiam de Eelcalma' cum pertinentiis suis • Et 
Tuelacnacomari" cimi pertinentiis suis • Et Callan" cum pertinentiis 
suis • Et grangiam de Finna[ ] cum pertinentiis suis • sicut carta 

domini Regis patris mei testatur et determinat Concede etiam et 
confirmo eis omnes terras subscriptas • et alias eis postea rationa- 
biliter coUatas. Scilicet ex dono Hugonis de Laci duas carucatas 
terre • scilicet Croch et Inseil"" cum onmibus pertinentiis suis. Et 

ex 



Viscount Drogheda was seised of " Rath- 
moUane*' and several other places in the 
County of Meath, which were part of the 
manor of Mellifont. — Inquisit of Meatk, 
40 Car. L 

f Finnauer, — ^Now Fennor, a parish in 
the barony of Lower Duleek, in county 
ofMeatL — Ord. Map, sheet 19. Archdall 
misreads this word Linnavar, and states 
that in 1157 Murchetach OLochlainn, 
King of Ireland, presented to the abbey 
of Mellifont a townland near Drogheda, 
caUed Finnabhuair Nannighain. — Mon. 
Hib. p. 479. 

« Teachlenni. — Now Stalleen, a town- 
land in the parish of Donora — Ord. Map 
of Meath, sheet 20. It is curious to re- 
mark that the Tecu^ (house) of the Irish 
becomes Sta in the Danish districts, as 
Teach Callain, Teach Lorcain, which have 
become Stackallen, Stalorgan, or StiUor- 
gan. '' Stalinge" is mentioned as one of 
the possessions of Mellifont, in the In- 
quU, of Meathy 40 Car. i. 

^ Romarrigh, — Now Rossnaree, in the 



barony of Lower Duleek. — Ord. Map of 
Meath, sheet 20. In Irish it is called Rop 
na pij, i e. the promontory of the kings; 
in the South of Ireland Rob means a 
wood, and a headland in the North. See 
Petrie^i Round Towers^ p. 100. 

* Cfden Now Cullen, a townland 

bounded on the east by Rossnaree. '' Cul- 
len et Rosnery" are mentioned in the same 
Inquisition as Rathmollane. — See note ^. 

^ C7na^a.^Knowth, in the parish of 
Monknewtown, in the county of Meath. 
It is separated from Rossnaree by the river 
Boyne. In Irish documents it is called 
Cnoghbha, 

^ Kdcfdma, — The name is not now 
known. Is it Kilcommon ? 

" Tudacnacomari. — Now obsolete. It 
signifies '^ hill of the trumpeters or horn- 
blowers." 

» CaUan Now CoUon, near Mellifont. 

Archdall, p. 480, calls it CaUaU, 

^ Croch et InseiL — ^Archdall, p. 480, calls 
the latter In/ert. In 1619 Eang James 
was seised of two carucates of land " in 



1 60 Original Charter granted by John Lord oflrdand. 

ex dono Roberta Flandrensis vnam carucatam terre in Crevoda** • 
sicut carte donatorum suorum testantur. [ ] firmiter 

precipio • quod predict! monachi habeant et teneant predictam ab- 
batiam[ ] omnia [ ] -nibus pertinentiis suis • In 

terris scilicet et grangiis • In bosco et piano • In pratis et pascuis 
[ mjolendinis • In stangnis et vivariis • In Rivariis et piscariis • 

In moris et mariscis • In viis et semitis • et in omnibus aliis locis 
et rebus ad ilia pertinentibus • bene et in pace • libere et quiete • in- 
tegre et plenarie • honorifice et pacifice • cum omnibus libertatibus 

et decimis • et liberis consuetudinibus suis • Willelmo de Wenneval** 

* 

dapifero • GiUberto Pipard • Philippo de Wirecestre • Alardo came- 
rario • Roberto de [ ] • Elia de Pinkinii • Willelmo [ ] • 

Rogero le Poher • magistro Alano medico • Willelmo capellano • Ri- 
cardo clerico de Camera mea • Apud Castel Knock. 



The preceding Charter, one of the earliest Anglo-Irish documents 
which has reached our times, is printed from the original, now pre- 
served in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin. It is a confirma- 
tion of a grant made by Henry the Second to the monks of MelU- 
font, in the County of Louth, and was granted by John, Lord of 
Ireland, while residing at Castleknock, near Dublin, during his brief 
visit to this country in the thirty-second year of his father's reign. 
[A.D. 1 1 85-6.] ^ g 

Crogh al' Croghan, & Inchfall al' Balbre- "^ Willelmo de WennevaL— Three of the 
gan & le Rath juxta Flatten in Co' witnesses to this Charter, William de 
Mid." — Inquint, 31. Jac. I. The names Wenneval, Gilbert Pipard, and Alard, 
of Croghan and Ballybregan are still in the chamberlain, are witnesses to a Char- 
use, but Inchfall is forgotten. ter granted at Wexford (apud Weyseford), 
' Crevoda. — Now Creewood (in Irish "Henrico Tyrel dispensario meo," by 
cpaoB pooa, the long tree), a townland John Lord of Ireland. — Black Book of 
about two miles west of Mellifont. See Chriit Church, fol. 224, d. 
Ord. Map of Meath, sheet 13. 



Journey to Connaught 



i6i 



Art. XIL Journey to Connaught. — Aprils 1709. 

[by dr. THOMAS MOLYNEUX*.] 

TUESDAY, April 5"— Parted from Dublin about 10 in y* 
morning ; came to Kilcock, 1 2 mile, in y* county of Baldare, about 
2 a clock ; a pretty good market town. The roads, it being dry 
weather, were very good ; the lands generally meadowe ; some corn, 
with very ill enclosures, and no hedges. We pass'd by Chapellizod, 
Palmerstown, Lucan, Leixlip, Manooth, Cartown^ Dolenstown*, and 
Rodenstown. 

Wednesday, 6'* — Left Killcock. Came to Beggarsbridge*, in y* 

county 



* The manuscript from which this arti- 
cle is printed is in the handwriting of Dr. 
Thomas Moljneux, and is preserved in 
the Library of Trinity College, Dublin, 
Class I., Tab. iv., No. 1 2. At the begin- 
ning of the little volume there are a few 
pages which appear to have been the ori* 
ginal notes of the '* Journey," as it is now 
printed, from the fair copy made by the 
Author. 

Dr. Thomas Molyneux was the younger 
brother of the celebrated William Moly- 
neux, and grandson of Daniel Molyneux, 
who was appointed Ulster King of Arms, 
by patent bearing date 28th of June, 1597. 
He was bom in Dublin, and educated in 
Trinity College; some time afterwards he 
visited Leyden and Paris, and on his re- 
turn home he became a Fellow of the 
Royal Society in England, and a Fellow of 
the College of Physicians in Ireland ; and, 
in 171 1, he was elected Regius Professor 

IBISH ARCH. 80G. MI8GSLL. VOL. I. 



of Physic in the University ; in 1718 he 
became Physician-Greneral of the Army in 
Ireland, and Physician to the State in 
1725 ; on the 4th July, 1730, he was cre- 
ated a baronet, and died on the 19th of 
October, 1733. Sir Thomas Williams Mo- 
lyneux, of Castle Dillon, county Armagh, 
is the present representative of the family. 

^ Cartown. — The seat of the Duke of 
Leinster. 

* Doletutown. — Dolanstown in the pa- 
rish of Rodanstown, and barony of Upper 
Deece, in the county of Meath. — See Ord- 
nance Map of Meath, Sheet 49. In Lewises 
Topogr. Diet., Rodanstown is caUed Rad- 
danstown, or Balroddan, in which parish 
is DoUandstown. 

^ Beffgar^)ridge. — Now called Rochfort- 
bridge. It is traditionally stated that this 
place derived its former name from the cir- 
cumstance of a beggar having died here^ 
in whose pockets was found money suffi- 



1 62 



Journey to Conmughl. 



county of Westmeath, 1 7 mile in 8 hours. A good inn, but no town ; 
the roads bad enough ; the lands generally com or sheep-walks, with 
some black cattle. As we went farther from Dublin no enclosures or 
trees to be seen, but little scrubs in y* bogs here and there. We passed 
by Clancurry*, where is a fair Dane-mount, the Blackwater, Royall Oak^, 
Clonard on y* Bojnie, another fair Dane-mount, Kinigad, a pretty new 
built town, handsom market-house, Lowtown^, Gaulstown"*, Castleloss^ 
[On the road I observed now and then near a poor cabin yam a dry- 
ing as is frequent in y* North, and I am told y* wife makes up the 
rent sometimes in this country and in Connaght by making their 20 
or 30 yards of cloath in a year, besides supplying y* necessary linnen 
for their own family, this manufacture is not so much improved here 



cient to build the bridge, which crosses a 
small stream at the eastern extremity of 
the village. 

* Clancurry, — Cloncurry moat, i. e. the 
*' fair Dane-mount," is marked on the 
Ord. Map of ELildare, Sheet 4. It appears 
that our Author, during his '' Journey to 
Connaught," collected some of the mate- 
rials for ''A Discourse concerning the 
Danish Mounts, Forts, and Towers in Ire- 
land," which he published at Dublin in 
1725. It was reprinted in 1755, ^ ^^^ 
III. of Boate's Natural History of Ire- 
land. See note *, p. 167. 

^ Eoyall Oak, — Now Innfield, on the 
road from Kiloock to Clonard. 

< Lotptown. — ^Near Kinnegad, in West- 
meath. It was the seat of the Doppings, 
to whom our Author was related.—. See 
Journey. Sat: May y* i* p. 167, 

^ Gauktown, — Formerly the seat of 



as 

Greorge Bochfort, Esq., the intimate friend 
of SwifL — See his Letter from ''Galls- 
town, near Kinnegad, July 5, 1721," ad- 
dressed to Vanessa, and another of Sep- 
tember 14, 172 1, to the Bev. Mr. Worrall, 
who was a foundling, and called Melchise- 
dek by Swift, because Melchisedek is said 
to have had neither father nor mother. 
Swift's Works, Faulkner's Edit, 1772, 
YoL xvL pp. 231 and 239, and vol. zv. 
p. 158, note. See also a Poem by Swift, 
descriptiye of a visit to his friend Mr. 
Bochfort, in 1723. — IbitL^ vol iL p. 161. 
Graulstown is now the seat of Lord Kil- 
maine, about midway between Kinn^ad 
and Tyrrell's-pass. 

> CatUdou, — Castlelost, a parish in the 
barony of FartuUagh, in the county of 
Westmeath. The words within the brack- 
ets are in the original draft of the Jour- 
ney, after the word Castleloss. 



Journey to Connaught. 163 

as to make any cloath for sale further than immediate necesssity con- 
strams them.] 

Thursday, y^ — Left Beggarsbridge about giny* morning. Came 
to Moat after one thro* mighty bad coach roads. The country very 
hilly: hardly any com or enclosures, but sheepwalk, bogg, and scrubby. 
We pass'd thro' Tyrrell's-pass, Ballygore\ and other sad towns. The 
Moat is a pretty little clean-built town, of a different air from the gene- 
rality of the Irish villages in this part of Ireland : this may be some- 
what owing to the gravelly soyl on which it stands, which has afforded 
also materials to the Danes for raising a mount here, a very high and 
regularr one, all of gravell. In this town are 10 or 12 familys of 
Quakers, who, with many others, dispersed, as I hear, in y* adjacent 
coimtry, have here a meeting house. Here came in soon after us 
Staples from y* CoUedge, who was going to ABP of Tuams. 

Friday, 8*? — Left Moat with Staples in y* coach about 9 a clock. 
Came in 3 hours, thro' indifferent coach roads, wild sheepwalks, and 
scrubby hills and bogs, to Athlone, which is a handsome large town, 
scituated on y* noble river y* Shannon. Here we saw y* miserable ruins 
of y* castle, which was some years ago blown up*", y* magazine of powder 
there kept taking fire by accident Here are a horse and foot barrack, 
and some good brass and iron ordinance. This town is famous for 
y* manufacture of felts, which are here sold from 2 to 4 shillings 
price. 

Crossing y* Shannon you enter into Connaught Here I travell'd 
from Athlone 4 or 5 mile in y* coach with Staples, and about 2 more 

rid 

i BaJHy^we. — Or Ballinagore, a village killed.'' — Ware^sOtstaHibemorum, Dub- 
about three miles N.W. of Tyrrell's-pass. lin, foL 1705. A true narrative of this 

^ Bhvon up, — " On the 27th of Octo- disaster is given in Dr. Strean's Survey 

ber, 1697, the Magazine of Athlone fired of St. Peter's parish, in Mason's Statistic 

by lightening, blew up the Castle, and cal Survey, vol. iii. p. 50; and in Weld's 

divers houses, and fourteen persons were Stat Hist, of Co. Roscommon, p. 531. 

Y2 



164 



Journey to Connaught. 



rid to Killeglan*, in 3 hours. Y* miles are here very long, as they 
generally encrease in bad country and distant parts from Dublin ; y* 
soylis very rocky and stony; much bog, with sheep walk & scrubs. I 
observed scarce any com or enclosures but old ruin'd ones of stones 
heap'd along in rows, which way of enclosing land, by being so fre- 
quently met with in many parts of Ireland, seems once to have been 
much in use, and indeed I wonder is not so still in these stony parts. 
In all this journey I think I observed many more beggars everywhere 
than is usual on a road, all owing, as I believe, to the present hard 
times of war. 

At Balleglan we stay'd 8 days", and met little observable. There 
are here to be dug out of the hill on which the house stands stones 
almost globular, some liker an egg, some oblate sphaeroids, from y* size 
of a nutmeg to twice the bigness of one's head. There are other stones 
in y* same hill, and on y* land adjoyning, which when broke, in y* body 
of 'em are found inclos'd cockle shells of all sizes, some petryfy'd, some 
yet perfect fryable shells. In one of these stones, when we broke it, 
we found 8 or i o whole small cockles, and a long cilindricall figur'd 
stone of y* bigness and length of one's little finger, of a substance 
different from y* cockles, as well as from y* body of y* stone itself; 
of all these stones I have by me. Round hereabout are also but few 
curiositys of antiquity, some oldchappells and crosses, but not one very 

ancient 



' KUkglan Is situated a few miles 

north of the road from Athlone to Balli- 
nasloe, and at about equal distance from 
each town. 

^ Stayed 8 days, — From the original 
draft of the " Journey," we learn that our 
Author's stay at Killeglan was prolonged, 
in consequence of *' foul weather," from 
the nth to the i6th of April, during 
which time he wrote several letters to his 



friends. He alludes, at p. 165, to ^' some 
monuments of antiquity, which have the 
appearance of Danish forts.'' This evinces 
singular indecision on the subject, afler 
his curious and decisive letter to his bro- 
ther, dated 2nd June, 1684, wherein he 
correctly questions '* whether the Danes' 
motmts be rightly called, or whether they 
be the works of the Danes." — See Dub. 
University Magazine, Oct. 1841, p. 483. 



J 



Journey to Cormavght 165 

ancient that I saw : the one whose figure bespoke it the most ancient 
is here represented ; its date, I think, makes it not 200 year old. The 
Danes indeed have left here some monu- 
ments of antiquity which I have not met 
with elsewhere, and these are forts, not cast 
up with earth and trenches ae usuall, but 
wholly compos'd of stones heap'd round in 
a circle of the common compass. The' they 
are now old and ruin'd, and allmost defac'd, 
they still have the appearance of Danish 
forts, and are so call'd and generally repu- 
ted in y* country, tho' indeed I do not find 
their common mounts or forts so frequent 
in these parts to conclude they ever had 

here so good footing as in y* N. E. parts of Ireland, which lay more 
opportune for their invasions and setlement. They have here a sort 
of ropes made of y* roots of firr trees", here frequently dug out of the 
boggs : these they beat like hemp, and then twist them into roaps ; 
they are pretty flexible, and I am told, more lasting, especially in 
damp places, than any other cords : they are made in Athlone, and 
are much us'd for cording beds in damp clay floors, where they last 
for ever, whereas till they made these roaps they were us'd to change 
their hemp cords every day. 

Walking here in y* fields, I met with an odd stone all spotted white 
at one end, y* spots continuing in white streaks down the side of the 
stone. Breaking it, we found in y* body of y* stone answering to each 
white spot a long tract or round vein of a more flinty substance than y* 
rest of y* stone. Of this stone I have some pieces by me, y" spotts and 

round 

■ Jiopet made of the root* of fir treet, parU of the country for cording hedtteads, 
are still osed by the peasantry in many and for linos for drying linen. 



1 66 



Journey to Connaught 



round flinty veins within, when broke accross, appearing in rays from 
y* center to y* circumference. 

They tell here an odd story, and gave me y* jaw of a young lamb 
with perfect large teeth in't They say it was so yean'd, as large near 
and wooly as one of a twelvemonth old, but dead, and y* flesh cor- 
rupted. Along with it was yean'd another lamb of y* ordinary size, 
rather less. The yoe that brought them is alive, and, as they say, was 
big from y* season before, and they therefore think the first lamb lay 
in her womb so long. 

Sunday, 17*? — I left Killeglan at 8^ in y* afternoon, in order to 
go to Gallway. We came in 2 hours, thro' good roads and an open 
country ; nothing of enclosures, but some scrubs and boggs, a great 
deall of stony groimd, with some sheepwalks, to Ballynasloe°, which 
is a very pretty scituated village on y* river Suck*", which divides y* 
county of Roscommon from y* county of Gallway. Here is a Danes- 
mount', with a large trench round it : 'tis so flat one might allmost take 
it for a fort : this, with one more, were the only mounts I saw on all 
y* road between Killeglan and Gallway, tho' their forts were all along 
mighty frequent. From this village we reach'd in 2 hours more to 
Killconell, thro' a better country, the land it self better, and not near 
so stony. We pass'd by Garbelly* and some other pretty scituated 

seats 



^ Balfynasloe, — On the 26tli of Februa- 
ry, 1716, Ballinasloe, with its fairs and 
markets and other lands, were sold bj Wil- 
liam Spenser (grandson of the celebrated 
poet Edmund Spenser), and his son Natha- 
niel, to FrederickTrench.— See Hardiman's 
Irish Minstrelsy, voL i* p. 3 1 9. Lend. 1 8 3 1 . 

P Suck. — For an account of this river, 
see Tribes and Customs of Hy-Many, 
printed for the Irish Archsological Socie- 



ty, p. 84; and Weld's Stat Survey of Ros- 
common, p. 97. 

*> Dane^s^fnount.-^ This is one of the 
ancient numerous remains of the Pagan 
Irish, erroneously attributed to the Danes 
by Dr. Molyneux. It is remarkable how ge- 
nerally this error has since spread through- 
out Ireland* 

' GarbeUy. — Garbally Park, now the 
noble seat of the Earl of Clancarty. 




Journey to Connaught 167 

seats, besides a number of Danes-forts, in one of which, on y* lands 
of Dungongon", belonging to my uncle Usher, we were told there was 
a vault under-ground : we went to it, and entered it at 
one end by a hole accidentally discovered at a. The 
first vault, which run north and south, was, from a to 6, 
26 f. ^ long, 5 J broad, 5 J high ; the next vault, from 
d\x> e, every way the same dimensions, as was the 3'** 
also, from g\joh^ only 6 f. longer. The walls that 
made y* sides of these vaults were stones, layd with- 
out lime or water {sic) flat on one another from y* 
ground: the covering was large flagstones, which 
were so large as to reach from side to side. In y* vault d e^ y* flat stones 
that made y* walls advanc'd and hung over one another, so as to make 
a kind of arch, and came so near at the height of 5^ that the covering 
flagstones at the top were not nere so broad as in y* other vaults : at 
b there seems to have been a partition of stones, which is now thrown 
down, as also another at g ; the little place b, c, d has its floor of one 
broad flag, and rais'd so that you ascend about 2 or 3 f at b, a, d, 
descend as much at d, thro' a narrow passage of about 2 f. square 
left for that purpose there : at e you ascend again by aUke narrow 
passage into another little apartment as before ; from thence you de- 
scend on y* rubbish of a ruin'd partition, as it seems to have been, at 
g^ into y* last and inward vault, whose end, A, was stopped, as a, with 
stones, but is now broke open up to the air, and, as we judg'd, was 
nearly the center of the mount. They seem not to have been pav'd, 
unless by a few stones thrown loose here and there on y^ earth. Having 
viewed this curiosity, we went to take up with sad lodging at the poor 

village 

' Dungongon. — This vault or cave is de- cerning the Danish Mounts, p. 2O9, but 
scribed in our Author's Discourse con- its locality is not mentioned. 



i68 



Journey to Connaught 



village of Kilconnel, where was miserable accommodation of all things 
but good wine from Gallway. 

Monday, 19*?^ — At Killconnell we saw the famous old Abby of 
Franciscans, where was little of antiquity or remarkable. Their 
churchyard is surrounded by a wall of dead men's sckulls and bones", 
pird very orderly, with their faces outwards, clear round against the 
wall to the length of 88 foot, about 4 high, and 5f 4^* broad, so that 
there may be possibly here to the number of 50000 sckulls : within 
they shew you L? GraUway's and other great men's heads kiU'd at 
Aghrim. This Abby was in repair, and inhabited by Fryers, in K. 
James' time, so that some of the woodwork, the wainscot, and ordi- 
nary painting yet remains ; nay I am told 2 of y* Fryers are yet 
alive, and live, tho' blind with age, on y* charity of the neig[h]bouring 
papists, in a poor cabin, in a very small island, which they shew'd me, 
not ^ a mile from Ballconell, in a bog : they employ one to begg for 
them"", and by that means subsist near their old habitation. 

Having gotten out of this miserable village, we rid 4 hours thro' 
a fine champain country ; no enclosures, generally good land, yet 
pretty good roads. We pass'd thro Killtollogh"', and came to y* ancient 
Burrow of Athenree' : it is all wall'd, and makes, with its old roimd 

towers 



' Mwiday, 19^* — This and all the sub- 
sequent dates are one day in advance. 

" Sckulls and bones, — In a memorandum 
on one of the fly leaves is given the follow- 
ing measurements of '' The wall of heads 
round the churchyard : 33 canes long — 
l^ high — 2 broad — ^my cane is 2 f : 8 inches 
long," which correspond exactly with the 
dimensions given in the text. 

" To beffff/or them, — Sir Henry Piers, 
in his " Description of the County of West- 



Meath,'' gives a curious account of an An- 
chorite who lived at Foure, and had proc- 
tors to beg for him through the country. 
SeeVallancey's Collectanea de BebusHiber- 
nidsy vol. L p. 64. 

"^KiUtoUogh. — A poor village, near which 
is Eliltullagh House, the seat of J. D'Arcey, 
Esq. 

' A^ienree — For the ancient murage 
charter granted to this town by £dw. IL 
in 1 3 1 o ; see O'Flaherty's History of West 



Journey to Ckmruxught 1 69 

towers on y* walls and other old buildings within, a very venerable 
appearance and pretty prospect, it being built on green fields, and not a 
house without the walls : it seems to have been of old a well inhabited 
and thriving town, on account of y* large pav'd streets and many ruin'd 
houses which remain ; it has nothing now but cabins in it, and those 
so few they have room for all y* gardens too within y* walls, which I 
am told enclose more than Dublin walls, and at least 33 acres. Here 
we met S' T. Mongomery^, who seeing us gaping strangers, invited 
us in to look at his improvements, which are pretty and whimsicall 
enough : part of his house is y* wing of an old Abby repaired, which 
makes an odd and convenient house. He has lately set up here a 
napping and a tucking mill, and designs a weaving manufactory, the 
inhabitants of the town being, as he tells me, allmost all weavers and 
cottoners. 

As you go out of town to Grallway you meet with a pretty new 
improvement of Mr. Shaw's. From hence you travell thro' a barren 
gravelly soyl to Gallway in 4 hours. As you draw near Gallway the 
country grows extreamly stony, and in many places one may observe 
naturall cawseys of stones, which, tho' not so regularly formed as y* 
Gyants' Cawsey in y* county of Antrim, are yet so like one another, 
all consisting of stones full of fissures and cracks, and lying in great 
layers or strata one over another, the fissures paralell to the horison, 
that one that sees 'em can't but rank 'em among regular form'd stones, 

which 

Connaught, printed for the Irish Archseo- Borough of Atheniy. His election to the 

gical Society, note ^, p. 265 ; see also place of Portrieve of Athenry was subse- 

Grace's Annals, p. 73. quentlj declared void, and he was ordered 

y Sir T, Mofigomery, — July 23rd, 1707, to deliver the ensigns of magistracy to 

a petition was presented to the House of John Ormsby, £sq., the legal Portrieve 

Commons in behalf of Robert Shaw, Esq., of Athenry. — Index to the Joum. of the 

and others, complaining of the undue prao- House of Commons of Ireland, Petitions, 

tises of Sir Thomas Montgomery in the No. 831. 

IBISH ARCH. 80C. MISCELL. VOL. I. Z 



lyo Journey to Connaught, 

which a description or even a draught of 'em could scarce be exact 
enough to make one think. There are many of these cawseys on 
each hand the road : one only I observed in which y* rimoe or cracks of 
y* stone directed upwards. All along, as we travelled thro' y* county 
of Gallway, I observed a very great number of heaps of stones raised 
into a Pyramid*, some with lime, generally without, along the road, in 
memory, as I am told of burialls that have pass'd that way. Their 
enclosures of land are here odd enough, being walls of single stones, 
so pil'd up without mortar that as you pass by you may see thro', and 
they stand so ticklish, the beasts, that know the way of them, will not 
come near 'em for fear of throwing 'em down on themselves, so that 
they serve as well as stronger. I observ'd on y* road many figur'd stones 
here and there, like y* one describ'd page 7^ \yide p. 1 65], and in y* pave- 
ment of a street in Athenree a stone consisting of pillars, with appear- 
ance of joynts, like y* Gyants' Cawsey, of all numbers of sides as that 
too ; nay, indeed, the generality of y* stones that ly at the sides of the 
way between Athenree and Gallway have something very different 
from common stones in their figure, which is much more scraggy 
than usuall, and full of holes : their surfaces are very smooth and 
their colour black, so that in every thing they look like stones to be 
seen on the sea shore, much excavated and beaten by y* waves. This 
resemblance of these stones, with the aforemention'd cawseys, the 
like of which are often seen also among rocks at the sea shore, with 
the universall stonyness of y* country, has sometimes almost tempted 
me to think this place was once y* bottom of y* sea : however, 'tis 
certain y* stones here are not like those of other countrys. 

Tuesday, 

' Pyramid. — These " Pyramids" may Irish leachi^ or pile of stones in memory of 

still be seen, with many more since erect- the dead ; generally raised on the spot 

ed, not *' in memory of burials," but to where some sudden or accidental death 

clear the fields of stones. They have been occurred. This ancient practice is still 

mistaken by Dr. Molyneux for the ancient observed. 



Journey to Connaught. 



171 



Tuesday, 20^ — The weather being not very fair, I stay'd at home, 
and writ to Dublin. 

Wednesday, 2 if — I went to vizit old Flaherty*, who lives, very 
old, in a miserable condition at Park, some 3 hours west of Gallway, 
in Hiar or West-Connaught. I expected to have seen here some old 
Irish manuscripts, but his ill fortune has stripped him of these as well 
as his other goods, so that he lias nothing now left but some few of 
his own writing, and a fewoldrummish books of history printed. In 
my life I never saw so strangely stony and wild a country. I did not 
see all this way 3 living creatiu*es, not one house or ditch, not one 
bit of corn, nor even, I might say, a bit of land, for stones : in short 
nothing appeared but stones and sea, nor could I conceive an inhabited 
country so destitute of all signs of people and art as this is. Yet here, 
I hear, live multitudes of barbarous uncivilized Irish after their old 
fashions, who are here one and all in y* defence of any of their own 
or even other rogues that fly to them, against the laws of Ireland, so 
that here is the assylum, here are committed the most barbarous mur- 
ders after shipracks, and all manner of roguerys protected, that the 
Sheriffs of this county scar[c]e dare appear on y* west side of Gallway 
bridge, which, tho' Ireland is now generally esteemed wholly civilized, 
may well be call'd the end of the English pale, which distinction should 
still have place as long as the inhabitants live with us in so open a 
state of nature^ jj^^.^^ 



* Old Flaherty.— Roderick O Flaherty, 
the learned Author of the " Ogygia" and 
" History of West Connaught," edited 
by James Hardiman, £sq., for the Irish 
A rchteological Society. Here we inciden- 
tally discoyer the state of misery to which 
this venerable man was reduced in his old 
age, after the confiscation of his ancient 



and ample inheritance. For a biographi- 
cal notioe of this learned individual, see 
the genealogical and historical Account of 
the OFlahertys, compiled from original 
documents, in Appendix 11. to History of 
West Connaught, p. 362. 

^ State of nature, — O Flaherty, in his 
History of West Connaught, p. 16, says 



-1 



Z2 



172 



Journey to Connaught 



Having got back again safe thro' this barbarous country to Gall- 
way, I din'd with some of y* oflScers who were here quartered After 
dinner they walk'd me round y* town and citadell : the fortifications 
are in better order, and seem to have more of present strength, there 
being a good number of brass and iron ordinance mounted and fitt for 
use, than any town I saw in Ulster ; and indeed, Dublin excepted, this 
is the best town taken alltogether I have seen in Ireland. The houses 
are all built of stone, of course kind of marble*", all like one another, 
like castles for their arch'd doors and strong walls, windows, and 
floors, and seem to have all been built much about the same time, 
after the modell, as I hear, of some town in Flanders. The inhabi- 
tants are most Roman Catholicks, and the trade is wholly in their 
hands, and indeed in all Connaught, as you go farther from Dubhn, 
you may see the remains of Popery, yet less and less extinct than in 

r 



'^ The inhabitants are so observant of law, 
that now for above thirty years of peace, 
there was not one body executed out of 
the whole territories for any transgression ; 
and scarce any brought to the bar for mis- 
demeanour.'' 

The description given by Dr. Molyneux 
maybe contrasted with the following, from 
the pen of a distinguished Englishman, 
Sir John Harrington, the translator of 
Ariosto, who visited this part of Ireland 
more than a century before Molyneux: 
" They (the Iryshrie) (do appeare in the 
upper sorte) very kinde and hospitable to 
all new comers, as I did well experience 
in this countrie, even so much as (if my 
owne lands were here) I woude hazard my 
dwellinge with them for life. I was often 



well entertained, and in some sorte got ill 
will for speakinge in praise of their civil 
usage among our owne commanders, whom 
I often tolde that tho' I was sente oute to 
fighte with some, there did appear no rea- 
son for my not eatinge with others. I 
was well usede, and therefore am in dutie 
bounde to speake welle of the Irishrie.'' — 
Notes and Remembrances^ by Sir John Har- 
rington, A. D. 1599; published in his Nu- 
gcB AnHqtuB. Edited by Thomas Park, 
8vo. London, p. 176. 

^ Kind of marble, — It is a literal fact 
that most of the old edifices here were 
built of marble, as their ruins testify. 
Hence the ancient poet sung of this 
town: 

*' ex duro est mannore qusque domus.^ 



Journey to Connaught 1 73 

3^ other parts of Ireland. Here are 2 nunnerys, who, keeping some- 
what private, are conniv'd at by y* Go vemour and Mayor. At y* Gates 
I observed y* sentinells have gotten a use of taking 2 turfs from every 
horse that comes in with turf, allso, I hear, with herrings, (and, I 
believe, with other things) which is much more than y«toll due to y* 
Mayor : this greivance the officers told me they think themselves ex- 
cused from redressing till y* civill power thinks itself so injured as to 
complain, which, it seems, they don't yet. They have here 2 mass 
houses for one church, which is indeed a pretty modelled one, but 
with little ornaments ; one tomb is in it of very good and wellpolish'd 
black marble well streak'd with white, I believe from the Isles of 
Bofin**, where I am told there is a good quarry of such. We saw 
here y* Town-house, which is built on piazzas, but has nothing re- 
markable, and is not yet finished, y* Barracks, one in y* citadell, the 
other new built at another end of the town, both for foot : they hold 
about a regiment. Having view'd the town, I was directed where I 
might have a map of it*, which I bought, and seems pretty exact : 
'twas done at Brussells by a fryer who was bom and bred in this 
town, and, they tell you, had been at Brussells 8 years when he made it. 

Thursday^ 22"? — Walk'd about the town and view'd it further. 
The inhabitants, I find, are all what they call English Irish, i: e: family s 
that came over at or soon after the Conquest, and were here settled 
in this strong town as a Colony against the naturall Irish of these parts, 
and whose posterity still live here, and with their old religion enjoy 
also their old possessions'. 

Friday, 2yf — Went in a boat down a branch of Gall way river 

call'd 

* Isles ofBofin Rather from the vi- braiy of Trinity College, Dublin. See also 

cinity of the town, which abounds with Hardiman's Hist, of Galway, p. 24. 

the finest black marble. f (M possessions. — They did not enjoy 

* Map of it — A copy of this rare and them without interruption ; for, in a. d. 
curious map is preserved in the MS. Li- 1708, the year before our traveller's visit, 



174 Journey to Cmnaught. 

call'd Powley Hurly, to see the place where it enters and runs under 
ground, which it does for 3 miles. It enters about a mile from town, 
among y* rocks and stones all along the side of a hill, in one place of 
which there is a naturall cave in y* rock, at the inward part of which, 
about some 6 or 8 yards in, you meet part of y* river running. The 
inside of this cave is all cover'd with a thick coat, of a substance much 
resembling chalk in colour and insipidness to tast : it swims when it 
falls on y* water, and seems somewhat oyly when rub'd in one's hand. 
We also were to see 2 Danes-forts which have caves in 'em as the 
one before describ'd, and I am told they are very frequently foimd in 
y* forts of this country. 

Saturday, 24'.* — Left GaUway about 5 in 3'* morning, and came, 
thro' a fine open champain country, to Loughree in 4i h. hard riding. 
Loughree is a pretty scituated waU'd town, 
by y* side of a fine Lough. Here are y* 
ruins of a fine seat of y* old Earl of Clan- 
rickards. All y* country between GaUway 
and this place is full of old castles, built, 
as I suppose, about the time Gallway was, 
that is, about the time of y" first plantation 
of Ireland by y* Enghsh after y* Conquest 
On y* road I saw an odd monument or pil- 
lar of hewn stone, of y* annext figure, with- 
^ out Ume or mortar. From Loughree we 
came in 4 hours more to Balynasloe, thro' 
y* famous village of Aghrim, where yet are seen y* ruins of y' old 
castle, and a few dead men's sckuUs scatter'd in y* fields, y* remains 

of 

Richard Wall, the mayor, by order of the goaI,remoTedthe market outside the walls. 

Privy Council, " turned all the Popish in- and gave orders to prerent mass being ^d 

habitants out of the town and garrison, in town." — Orig. Betum to Me Couttcil, 

committed all the Popish prieBts to the 19? Mardt 170^. 



Jowmey to dymuxtyht. 175 

of y* battle* there fought in y* troubles. This is still a fine open 
country, and in some places improved. 2 hours more brought us home 
again to Ealleglan. At Killeglan we stay'd again [6] days, and met 
¥dth nothing more remarkable but what we had seen before. We 
gathered some more of 3^ sphaericall stones mention'd page y* [165.] 

Wednesday, y*28*? — We were invited to see an old altar that 
stands on y* lands of Mucklon^ in y* coun : of Gallway, as y* pro- 
prietor of y* land and y* Irish have been pleas'd to call it. It is com- 
posed of severall rude unhewn flat stones, one of 12 or 14 foot square, 
and about 2 fo : thick, being layd flat on some others of 8 or 9 foot 
high, of which there might have been some 1 5 or 20 supporting y* large 
one at top clear round, set edgewise on 3^* groimd, so as to leave a 
hollow within, and make a sort of box of rude stones. It seems to 
me to have been a Danish burying place of y* same nature with one 
in a Danes-mount at Knowth, in which was found a rude stone urn*, 
which I have by me : 'tis now almost so ruin'd that one cannot readily 
find out its ancient position and figure, y* stones that made y wall to 
support y* upper one on 2 sides being entirely ruin'd, broken and 
carry'd away by y* owner of y* land for building ; nay, one of y* corners 
of 3^* upper stone is knock'd ofi*, and y* whole, by losing its support, 
is fallen at one corner to the groimd, so that there is but one side left 
by which one can judge of its true scituation, and even there 3^ sup- 
porting 

8 BatUe. — Fought on the 1 2th of July, scribed, and the description accompanied 

1 69 1, between the forces of William III. with two engravings, in Dr. Moljneux's 

and the Irish army of James II. Discourse concerning the Danish Mounts, 

^ MuckUm. — Mucklin, a yiUage on the &c, appended to Boaters Natural Hist, of 

west side of the river Suck, about six Ireland. Dublin, 4to., 1755, p. 200; see 

miles N. E. of Ahascragh, in the county also Harris's Ware, vol. iL p. 146. A 

of Galway. stone urn, bearing a close resemblance to 

^ Stone Urn. — This urn, which wasfound it, is in the collection of the Royal Irish 

at Knowth, in the county of Meath, is de- Academy. 



1 



176 Journey to Connaitght 

porting stones axe plainly struck out of their former posture ; but I am 
assured there are some living that remember it formerly standing as I 
judg'd it to have stood from what yet remains ; nay, y* gentleman that 
shew'd it us, on whose estate it stands, told me it was much as I have 
described it in his memory, before he broke y* stones for building. 
This artificiall curiosity is surrounded by as great ones of nature : it 
stands in y* middle of a naturall cawsey of vast stones, some 20 or 30 
foot square, all of one height, about 2 f from y* earth : between y* 
stones one may let down a cord 15 or 20 f down, tho' they are not 
at 3 inches distances from one another ; their surfaces are not plain, 
but pretty smooth, with great inaequalitys, protuberances, and excava- 
tions. There are 3 or 4 of these Cawseys here, which are much of a 
sort with those at Gallway, described page y* 14^ [vide p. 169]. Y* 
loose stones that lye here about, of which there are a great nxmiber 
confusedly thrown about y* monument, are every one of them figur'd 
stones of y* kind described page 7^ [vide p. 165]: I gathered up 3 or 
4 of them, and brought them away, and might have taken cart loads. 
One stone I met here, but not of this kind, with shells in't as those 
at Killeglan ; even y* large stones of y* Cawsey themselves have some 
of them some parts of them of this kind of stone ; nay, 2 or 3 we 
observed of about i o or 1 2 f. bigness entirely of this composition of 
flinty veins, as the spots on their surfaces sheVd. Here grow also in 
y* clefts of y* rocks many herbs, rare, as I am told, and sought for far 
and near for medicinall uses, so that perhaps a skillfull botanist might 
find somewhat to employ his curiosity in this place, as well as the 
Antiquary or other naturalist. 

Friday J 30'? — Left Killeglan to return to Dublin. Pass'd thro' 
Brideswell\ where is a well and chappell dedicated to St. Bridget, 

built 

i Brideswell. — A village about seven ofBoscommon. This place derives its name 
miles W. N. W. of Athlone, in the county from a copious spring of very pure water. 



Journey to Connaught. 1 77 

built by an Eaxl of Antrim, as also a Poor house here, where some 
poor people are yet maintained by y* alms of Roman Catholicks, [thence 
to] Athlone, and from thence to Moat, thro' a well improved, well 
planted country, with trees and orchards, good houses, and, as I hear, 
English inhabitants. 

Sat : May y* i^ — Left Moat. Came to Lowtown. Here Coz. Dop- 
ping gave me a very odd figur'd stone. 'Tis of a yellowish brown 
colour, and, as he tells me, excellent limestone. In y* surface of y* 
stone are severall cilindricall protuberances, of y* bigness and colour 
of caterpillars, having exactly black streaks and dents across them as 
they have, yet perfect stone ; they lye, most, flat along y* surface, half 
bur/d, not all directed one way, but scattered, some one way, some 
another ; and some run in into y* body of y* stone, and stand out a little ; 
these have a hollow in their center, or else a different substance of 
stone from y* other parts, like y* pith of a tree. We walk'd about, 
and in y* ditches here observ'd severall of this figured stone, but 
none so perfect as that he gave me. 

Morday^ 3^ — ^Left Lowtown, and came to Dublin. 



As our Author has not mentioned the several stages of his Jour- 
ney in the order in which he passed through them, the following 
Table is given to shew the respective distances from Dublin of such 
places as are now post-towns, with the reference to the text, and the 
county in which each place is situated : — 

DISTANCE. 

dedicated to St. Bride, close to wliich is tion, from which it appears that this bath 

an ancient building, formerly a chapel, was " built by the Right Honourable Sir 

from which a doorway leads to the well, Randal Mac Donnell, first Earl of Antrim, 

now converted into a bath. Over the door- 1625.^'— See Weld's Statistical Hist of 

way there is a coat of arms, and an inscrip- Roscommon, p* 5 1 5* 

IBISH ABCH. 80C. MISCELL. VOL. I. 2 A 



178 



DISTANCE. 

3 Statute Miles, 



lOi 

15 



19 



9Ji 



99 



»> 



» 



»» 



»» 



33i 
38 


9» 
9» 


47i 


1» 


5ii 


« 


76i 





» 



»» 



120 




130 




109 




96 




9II 





Journey to Connaught 

PLACE. 

. Chapellizod, 

PalmerstowD, 

. Lucan, 

. Lebdip, 

Cartown, 

• Majnooth, 

Bodenstown, 

Dolenstown, 

. Kilcock, 

Clanciiny, 

Boyal Oak, 

Blackwater (Bridge), . . • . 
. Clonard on the Boyne, . . . 
. Einnigad, 

Lowtown, 

Graalstown, 

. Beggarsbridge, • • • 

Castleloss, • . 

. Tyrrell's-pass, 

Ballygore, 

. Moat, 

. Athlone, 

Killesrlaiu 

. Ballinasloe, 

Grarbelly, 

Diingongon, 

KilconneU, 

Kiltullagh, 

. Athenry, 

. Galway, 

. Loughreagli, 

. Aiighnm, 

. Ballinasloe, 

Killeglan, 

Brideswellf 



PAGE. COUKTT. 

161 Dublin. 

» »» 

„ • • • • . „ 

„ Kildare. 

„ . • . • • „ 

„ Meath. 

„ ..... „ 

i6t KiWaiy> 

„ Meslh. 

„ • . • ■ . ,« 
„ ..... „ 
„ Westmeath. 

>»•••• »» 

„ ..... „ 

i^i 

162 „ 

163 

»i yy 

»j >» 

♦» »» 

164 Bosconunon. 

166 ..... GkJway. 

>» »> 

167 

168 

„ ..... „ 
» ..... „ 
169 

174 

i» >» 

„ ..... „ 

»> 99 

176 Bosoommon. 

A.S. 



Mii fa — ^ *>. 



Covenant between Mageoghegan and the Fox. 179 

Abt- Xin. — Covenant between Mageoghegan and the Fox, with brief 

historical Notices of the two Families. 

THE following compact or covenant, which was made between 
Mageoghegan, chief of Cinel-Fhiachach, or Kineleaghe, and the 
Fox, chief of Muinter-Thadhgain (or, as it is anglicised, Munter- 
hagan), on the 20th of August, 1526, is printed from the original, 
now in the possession of Sir Richard Nagle, Baronet, of Jamestown 
House, in the County of Westmeath. It is written on a small piece 
of parchment, in the handwritmg, as stated, of James, the son of 
Cairbri O'Kinga, who was present at the making of the covenant, and 
who committed it to writing two days afterwards. 

That the reader may understand the exact nature of this covenant, 
it will be necessary to give here a brief sketch of the history of both 
&milies, and a description of the relative situation and extent of their 
territories. 

I. THE FAMILY OF MAGEOGHBOAH. 

This sept bore the tribe-name of Cinel or Kinel-Fhiachach, 
(anglicised Kineleaghe), which name was also applied to their terri- 
tory ; for the custom among the Irish was, not to take their surnames 
or titles from places and countries, as is usual with other nations, 
but to give the tribe-name of the family to the seigniory by them 
possessed'. This tribe name of Cinel-Fhiachach, was derived, as 
the Mageoghegans boasted, from Fiacha, the third son of the Irish 
monarch Niall of the Nine Hostages ; and their claim to this 
high descent was allowed by King George IV., who, as shall be 
presently shewn, permitted the head of a branch of this family to 
take the name of O'Neill, in the sense of descendant of Niall of 
the Nine Hostages. There occurs, however, a story in the Leabhar 

BreaCj 

* See Ogygia Vindicated, p. 17a 
2 A 2 






i8o 



Caoenant between Mageoghegan and the Fox. 



Breac^ fol. 35, 6, being a lampoon on the Cinel-Fhiachach by certain 
satirists, in which it is asserted that they are not descended from 
Fiacha, the son of the great Niall, but from a plebeian Fiacha, son of 
Aedh, son of Maelibressi: . »- 

*' O Kinel FHiacliach behold your gea^dlogy, 
Fiacha, son of Aedh, aon of Maelibressi." 

This lampoon enraged the tribe to such a degree, that, at a place 
called Rosscorr, they murdered the satirists^ although they were 
under the protection of O'Suanaigh, the patron saint of Rahen ; and 
it is added, that for this pdpu ja&, or violation of the saint's protec- 
tion, the Cinel-Fhiachach forfeited two townlands to O'Suanaigh, 
which formed a part of the possessions of the church of Rahen at the 
time when the story was written. 

Shortly after the period of the English invasion, Mageoghegan 
was reduced to insignificance and obscurity ; but on the decay of the 
family of De Lacy in Meath, he became more powerful than ever he 
had been before, and was soon very troublesome to his Anglo-Irish 
neighbours and the government. In the year 1329 he took the field 
at the head of his followers in Westmeath, during the government 
of Sir John Darcy. The Lord Thomas Butler marched, with a con- 
siderable force, to check his proceedings, but was routed by Mageo- 
ghegan, 



^ Satires or lampoons of this descrip- 
tion have been productive of much mis- 
chief in Ireland, giving occasion to family 
feuds and various outrages. In the reign 
of James I. Teige Dall O'Higgin lam- 
pooned six persons of the sept of O'Hara 
of Leyny in the county of Sligo, who, in 
retaliation, cut out the poet's tongue, and 
murdered his wife and child. SeeO'Beilly's 
Irish Writers (Transactions of Ibemo- 
Celtic Society), p. clxx. About the year 



'7^3 Sg&n O'Rahilly wrote a lampoon on 
an industrious farmer in Kerry, named 
Teige Duff O'Cronin, in which he traces 
his pedigree in thirteen generations to the 
Devil I This is the most outrageous satire 
in the Irish language, and was intended by 
its author to ridicule the plebeian families 
planted in Ireland by Cromwell, and such 
of the native Irish as united with them in 
oppressing the old Irish who were permit- 
ted to live on the lands of their ancestors. 



Cm)enant between Mageoghegan and the Fox. 1 8 1 

ghegan^near Mullingar, with great slaughter. In the following year Ma- 
geoghegan fought the united forces of the Earls of Ulster and Ormond, 
but was put to flight after a spirited resistance. His Anglo-Irish neigh- 
bours continued their hostilities against him during the next century,- 
but without much effect ; for, in the year 1449, when he was sum- 
moned by Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York (the father of Edward 
IV.), to make his submission, he was treated with such honour by 
that wise and conscientious prince, that Mageoghegan, who regarded 
this respect as the result of fear, boasted, on returning among his 
sept, " that he had given peace to the King's Lieutenant*'." 

Campion has published the letter of Richard to his brother, the 
Earl of Shrewsbury, in which he thus complains of Mageoghegan and 
his associates: 

** Right worshipfiiU and with all my heart entirely beloved Brother, I com- 
mend mee unto you as heartily as I can. 

*' And like it you to wit, that sith I wrote last unto the King our soveraigne 
Lord his Highnes, the Irish enemy, that is to say, Magoghigafiy and with him 
three or foure Irish Captaines, associate with a great fellowship of English 
rebells, notwithstanding that they were within the King our Soveraigne Lord 
his power, of great malice, and against all truth, have maligned against their 
legiance, and vengeably have brent a great towne of mine inheritance, in Meth, 
called Ramore^, and other villages thereabouts, and murdered and brent both 
men, women, and children without mercy. The which enemies be yet assem- 
bled in woods and forts, wayting to doe the hurt and grievance to the King's 
subjects that they can thinke or imagine,"^ &c. <&c. 

On this letter Campion made the following remark in 1571 : 

*^ Of such power was Magoghigan^ in those dayes, who as he wan and kept 
it by the sword, so now he liveth but a meane Captaine, yeelding his winnings 
to the stronger*." 

The 

^ Leland's Hist, of Ireland, V. ii. p. 35. no trace of a town exists. 
^ Ramore, now Bathmore, near Athboj. * Campion's Historic of Ireland, Dublin 
The castle and church are standing, but reprint of 1809, PP- '4^> &i^d 148. 



l82 



Covenant between Mageoghegan and the Fox. 



The pedigree of Mageoghegan is thus deduced by Duald Mac 
Firbis, from Niall of the Nine Hostages : 



1. Niall of the Nine Hostages, Monarch of Ireland, killed A. D. 406. — 3. Ftacha, ancestor of the Cmel- 
Fhiflchach, fought the battle of Dnundargle in 515, and recovered the hill of Uisneach to be a part of his 
territoiy.— 3. Tuathal of the north, usually called Daimhin Dreach-airgid, L e. the little ox of the silveiy 
aspect — 4. Amhalghaidh, or Awley. — 5. Coagrach. — 6. Eochagan, a quo Mag Eochagain. — 7. Inderge. — 

8. Ruaidhri, orRoiy.— 9. Amhalghaidh, or Awley. — 10. Gilla-Coluinu— 11. Cramthann 12. Eochaidb. 

— 18. Flann. — 14. Amhalghaidh, or Awley. — 15. Murchadh, or Murrough. — 16. Donnchadh, or Donougb. 
—17. CongaladL — 18. Anluan — 19. Goegrach_20. Maeleachlainn.— 21.Maircheartadi_22.Congalach. 
— 28. Cucoigriche. — 24. Cucalma. — 25. Muircheartach.— 26. Congalach Mor^ 

I 
27. Muirchear- 
tach Hor,X2. 
K. F.V, slain 
1811. 



I 

28. William 
6allda,aK. 
F., ancestor 
of the sept 
of Comyns- 
town, died 
1882. 

I 

29. William 

Oge, died 
young, 1304. 



I 

28. Ferga], 
slain 1810. 

29. Fergal, C. 
K.F.d.1855. 



28. Johnock, 
C. K. F., an- 
cestor of the 
sept of Clone, 
d. 1884. 

I 

29. Rory, d. 

1868. 



1 



28. Donnchadh, 
C. K.F. 
slain 1887. 



29. FeigalRoe, 
\j' IL. f ., 
sUin 1882, 
ancestor of 
the sept of 
Newtown. 

SO.Laighneach, 
d. 1400. 



I 
29. Dermot, 

ancestor of 

the sept of 

MoycasheL 

80. NiaU. 



I 
29. Cucogiy^ 



Condiobbar. 

81. Coonla, C. 
K. F. who 
made the co- 
venant with 
the Fox in 
1526. 



On an old map, made in the year 1567, published with the third 



^ In the time of this Congalach Mor, 
who flourished in the thirteenth century, 
the family appear to have first recovered 
from the blow given them by the De 
Lacys and their followers. 



Part 

« The letters C. K. F. stand for Chief of 
Kinel-Fiachach, or Cinel-Fhiachach. 

^ Ancestor of the eept of Lismoyny, of 
whom Connell, the translator of the Ann. 
of Clonmac, was the head in 1627. 



Covenant between Mageoghegan and the Fox. 183 

Part of the State Papers (Ireland), the situatiQn of Mageoghegan's 
country is described as follows: 

" M^Eochagan's countiy, called Eenaliaghe, containeth in length xij myles, 
and in bredth 7 myles. It lyeth midway betweene the ffort of Faly [Philips- 
town] and Athlone, five myles distant from either of them^ and ako five myles 
distant £rom Mollingare, which lyeth northward of it The said M° Eoch- 
agan's country is of the countie of Westmeth^ situated in the upper end thereof 
bending to the south part of the said county, and on the other side southward 
of it is CMoloye's country. And on the south east of it lyeth Offaley ; and on 
the east side joyneth Terrell^s country alias FfertuUagh. On the north side lyeth 
Dalton's coimtry ; and O Melaghlen's country on the west side between it and 
Athlone, wher a comer of it joyneth with Dillon^s country." 

The territory of Cinel-Fhiachach, however, originally extended 
from Birr, in the present King's County, to the hill of Uisneach, in 
Westmeath ; but subsequently the O'Molloys and Mageoghegans, 
who were the principal families of the race of Fiacha, son of Niall, 
became independent of each other, and divided the original territory 
into two parts, of which O'Molloy retained the southern portion, 
called Feara-Ceall, and Mageoghegan the northern portion, which 
retained the original name of the tribe. In the year 1207, both 
families were nearly dispossessed by Meyler Fitz-Henry and the sons 
of Sir Hugh de Lacy, who, in this year, contended with each other 
for the lands of Cinel-Fhiachach, as appears from the following entry 
in the Annals of Clonmacnoise, translated by Connell Mageoghegan : 

" A. D. 1207. The sons of Hugh Delasie, with the forces of the English 
of Meath, laid siege to the castle of Ardinurcher, and the same continued for 
the space of five weeks, until they forced Meyler to abandon and forsake all the 
cantied of Kynaleaghe from Birr to Killare.** 

Sir Richard Nagle,.Bart, now inherits the property of the last 
chieftain of the Mageoghegans, from whom he is maternally de- 
scended. Another branch of them was removed by Cromwell to the 

castle 



1 84 Covenant between Mageoghegan and the Fox. 

castle of Bunowen, in the west of the county of Gralway, where they 
still possess several thousand acres of mountainous land*. The last 
head of this family (who wrote his name Geoghegan, without the 
prefix Ma or Mac), conceiving a dislike to his name, because in Eng- 
land he found it difficult to get it correctly written or pronounced, was 
induced to apply to King George IV., for license to change it to 
O'Neill, which name he selected because it sounded well in English 
ears, and was one of great celebrity in Irish history; and also because 
he thought he had every claim to it, as the Mageoghegans were 
descended from Niall of the Nine Hostages, and, therefore, regarded 
as a branch of the southern Hy-Niall race. This license was granted, 
and the name of this branch of the Cinel-Fhiachach is now O'Neill 
Such of the family, however, as have remained in the original terri- 
tory and its vicinity style themselves (Jeoghegan, Gahagan, or Gegan, 
but there is not an individual of the race in Ireland who now writes 
his name Mageoghegan, according to the original and correct angli- 
cised form. The Abbe J. Ma-Greoghegan, who published his Histoire 
de VIrlande at Paris, in 1758, was the last that retained the old name. 

II. OF THE FAMILY OF FOX. 

The family of O'Cahamy, who afterwards took the name of 
Sinnach, or Fox, were originally chiefs of aU Teffia, and, previously 
to the English invasion, far more powerful than the Mageoghegans ; 
but, shortly after that event, they were subdued by the De Lacys and 
their followers, and reduced to comparative insignificance. The 
country of Teffia, of which the Fox O'Cahamy had been the chief 
lord before Sir Hugh de Lacy s time, comprised the districts of Calry, 
Brawny, Cuircne, now the barony of Bjlkenny West, besides the 
lands assigned to the Tuites, Pettys, and Daltons, in Westmeath, as 

well 

For the pedigree of this branch, as tory of the Commoners of Great Britain 
furnished by themselves, see Burke's His- and Ireland. 



Covenant between Mageoghegan and the Fox. 185 

well as Magh-Treagha, Muinter-Gillagan, and other districts in the 
county of Longford ; but, for many centuries, the country of the 
O'Cahamys or Foxes has been confined to one small barony, namely, 
the district of Muinter-Tadhgain, which was formed into the barony 
of Kilcoursey, and made a part of the King's County. 

The following extract from a Patent Roll of Chancery (42 Eliz ) 
will shew the extent and subdivision of Fox's country at that 
period: 

** Hubert Foxe of Lehinchie Barony Kilcoursie alias the Foxe his country, 
Grent. commonly called The Foxe, chief of his name, by deed dated i May, 1 599, 
to express his zeal and loyalty, surrendered to the Queen all his estate spiritual 
and temporal within the whole barony and territory of Kilcourcie called Moun- 
terhagan or the Foxe his coimtry, which was divided into three parts and 
parishes, viz. Shantway, Roaghan and Moye, and Monterdowlan and containing 
30 corcives or plowlands, part free and part chargeable, with intent that her 
Majesty shou'd regrant the same in tail male to him and others of his kinsmen, 
in accomplishment whereof and pursuant to privy seal dated at Richmond 29 
January 1599. 42® f R. 8. her Majesty hereby granted the same to him and the 
heirs male of his body, remainder to his nephew Brissell Foxe, son of his brother 
Arte and his heirs male, remainder to his imcle Owen Foxe of Lissinuskie in 
the said barony and county and his issue male, remainder to Phelim Foxe of 
Tolghan ne Brennye said barony Gent, and his issue male, remainder to Brissell 
Foxe of Eilmaledie said barony Gent, son of Neile Foxe, who died lately in 
the Queen's service, and his issue male, to be holden by knight's service in 
capite by the 20*** part of a knight's fee and the ancient service of 4 footmen at 
every general Hosting yearly as he and his ancestors were accustomed to bear, 
with power, during his life, to keep once a month a Court Baron, and twice a 
year a Court Leet within any part of the said barony before himself or his Sub- 
Seneschal, and hereby appointing him Seneschal thereof, and to appoint depu- 
ties under him, and a power of alienation to him and his successors, according 
to the said Umitations.'' 

The O'Cahamys or Foxes are descended from Maine, the fourth 
son of the monarch Niall of the Nine Hostages. The following line 

IRISH ARCH. SOC. MISCELL. VOL. I. 2 B Of 



i86 Covenmit between Mageoghegan and the Fox. 

of their pedigree is given by Duald Mac Firbis and others : the let- 
ters " K. T." stand for King of Teffia. 

1. mall of the Nine HoeUgea, Monaich of Iidand. 

I 

2. Miune, ancestor of the men of Teffia (adutrictaometimes called Tir. Many), died in 425. Ann. Clonmacnoiae. 



3. Brian. 

4. Brendan, K. T., who granted the site oTDurrow to St ColtimbklUe in 550 ; he died in 569. 

5. Aedh, K. T., living in 590. 



6. Blathmac, K. T. d. 661. 

I . 

7. Congalach. 

8. Colla or Conla, K. T. d. 788. 



9. Braite. 9. Bee, K. T. d. 764. 

10. Maelbeannachta. 

11. Tadbgan, a quo Mnintir Tadhgain, the tribe name of the O'Cahamys or Foxess. 

I 

12. Bee. 

I 
18. Conchobhar. 

14. BreasaL 

I 

15. Geamachan. 

16. CathaUm. 

17. Cathamach, a quo O'Cahamy, the real surname of the Foxes. 

18. Fogartach. 

I 

19. Ruaidhri, or Rory. 

20. Tadhg Sinnach 0*Cahaniy, K. T., slain 1084 by Melaghlin mac Conor aMelaghlin. 

21. Ruaidhri. 

I 

22. NiaU, chief of Teffia, d. 1288. 

I 1 

28. Maeleachlainn. 28. Conor K. T., dain 1226. 

24. Congalach. 

I 

25. Ruaidhri. 

26. NiaU. 



By 



Covenant between Mageoghegan and the Fox. 1 87 

By comparing this line with that of Mageoghegan's pedigree, 
above given, we must conclude, from the number of generations, that 
this Niall was contemporary with Congalach More Mageoghegan, who 
flourished in the thirteenth century. He was probably the Niall 
Sinnach, or Fox, chief of Muinter-Thadhgain, who was killed in the 
battle of Athenry, in the year 1316. It is quite clear that there 
were four or five generations between this Niall and the Breasal who 
made this covenant with Mageoghegan, in 1526. Of these, the 
document itself furnishes two, viz., Eoghan, his father, and Cairbri, 
his grandfather ; and the Annals of the Four Masters will probably be 
found to supply the remaining ones ; for, under the year 1446, they 
record the death of Cucogry, chief of Teffia, son of Maine, who was 
son of the Sinnach, or Fox, lord of the men of Teffia. The probability 
is, that this Cucogry was the brother of Cairbri, the grandfather 
of the Breasal who made the covenant in 1526. If so, the remainder 
of the pedigree will stand thus : 

I 

27. Maine. 



28. Cucogry, K. T., died 1446. 28. Cairbre. 

29. Eoghan. 



30. Breasal Fox, Hring 1526, when he made the covenant with Ma- 
geoghegan. 

At what period, or wherefore, the O'Cahamys of Teffia first as- 
sumed the name of Sinnach, or Fox, it is now not easy to determine. 
It would appear from the Irish Annals, that Tadhg, or Teige 
O'Cahamy, King of Teffia, who was slain in 1084, was the first 
called Sinnach. In the old translation of the Annals of Ulster is the 
following entry, which traces the name Sinnach to a very opprobrious 
origin ; but where the translator found authority for it the Editor is 

2 B 2 not 



1 88 Covenant between Mageoghegan and the Fox. 

not prepared to say, as it is not in either of the original Irish copies 
of these Annals. 

** A. D., 1024, Cuan O'Lochan, Archpoet of Ireland, was killed treache- 
rously by the men of Tehva, auncestors of the Foxes. They stunk afteifwards], 
whereby they got the name of Foxes, — a miracle shewed of the poet." 

According to the tradition in the district, as told to the Editor by 
Mr. John Daly, of Ejlbeggan, on the 5th of January, 1838, when he 
was in the eightieth year of his age, there were three branches of the 
Foxes in Muinter-Thadgain, of which one possessed the estate of 
Ballymaledy, lying between Horseleap and Clara ; another possessed 
Cloghatinny (cloc a' cSionnaij), in the same neighbourhood; and 
the third had Streamstown, in the county of Westmeath. The two 
last estates were lost during the troubles of 1641 ; and the first, Bal- 
lymaledy, was sold, about fifty-eight years ago, by Charles Fox, Esq., 
who was the last estated gentleman of the name in that vicinity. 

It appears from an inquisition taken at Mullingar, on the 1 8th of 
December, in the 14th year of the reign of James L, that Robert 
Nugent enfeofied to Patrick Fox, of the city of Dublin, the lands of 
Templepatrick, near My vour, in 1 609 ; and from another inquisition, 
taken at the same place, on the 22nd of April, 1623, we learn that a 
Sir Patrick Fox was in possession of the manor of Moyvore, and of 
the lands of Templepatrick, and several other lands ; that this Sir 
Patrick Fox died on the 27th January, 1618, leaving Nathaniel Fox 
his son and heir, then thirty years of age, and married. It appears 
from another inquisition, taken at the same place, on the 1 9th of 
March, 1634, that this Nathaniel died on the 4th of February, 1634, 
leaving Patrick Fox his son and heir, then 20 years of age, and mar- 
ried. Sir Patrick was the ancestor of Fox of Fox-Hall, in the county 
of Longford, who supposes him to have been an Englishman ; but, 
according to the tradition in the country, he was one of the Sinnachs, 
who settled in Dublin as a merchant, where he accumulated a consi- 
derable 



Covenant between Mageoghegan and the Fox. 1 89 

derable fortune, and afterwards purchased lands in Westmeath. His 
son, Nathaniel, to whom there is a curious monument in the demesne 
of Fox-Hall, is said to have been an officer in the service of Eliza- 
beth and James I. The name Patrick shews clearly that the founder 
of this family of Moyvore or Fox-Hall was not of the English Foxes. 

The present head of the Irish Sinnachs, or Foxes of Kilcoursey, 
is said to be Darcy Fox, Esq., of Foxville, in the county of Meath, 
but the Editor does not know whether that gentleman has any origi- 
nal documents to prove his descent from any of the persons mentioned 
in the Patent Roll of 1 599 above quoted. 

There are numerous families of the name living in humble cir- 
cumstances, in various parts of the counties of East Meath and West 
Meath ; but the Editor never met any persons of the name who had 
any knowledge of their pedigree, or who could trace their descent 
beyond a few generations by tradition. Indeed the Foxes of this 
race "are brought so low, now-a-days," as Connell Mageoghegan 
has observed, with respect to the CKellys of Bregia, — " that the best 
chroniclers in the Kingdome are ignorant of their descents, and they 
are so common, having dwindled into meere chiu'les, and poor labour- 
ing men, that scarcely one of the family knoweth the name of his 
own great grandfather." There are chasms in the pedigree of the 
Foxes, from the Niall Fox, who was slain at Athenry, in 1 3 1 6, down 
to Breasal, who made the covenant with Mageoghegan in 1526, and 
from him to the Hubert of 1 599, and from him to Brasill, chief of 
his name, who died in 1639, leaving a son, Hubert, aged thirty years. 

We proceed now to give, in the original Irish, with a translation 
and a few notes, the curious deed which has given occasion to the 
foregoing remarks. 

J. O'D. 



igo 



Covenant between Mageoghegan and the Fox. 



Q n-ainm an Qrhup djup an ITleTC a^uy an Spiopuio Naoim an 
cunnpub po TTlhei^ Gocfajonn a^up an c-Sionnaij. 

Q5 po cunnpuoh ajup ceanjal ITleTS Gocha^din, .i. Connla, mac 
Conchubaip meic Caigm^, ccgwr ^^ c-Sionmnsh TTIummnpi Chaoh- 
gdm, .1. bpeapal mac Gojhain mei Caipbpi, .i. TTlaj Gochajam 'na 
cijeapna ap an Sionnuch ajup ap a 6uchai6, ajup aj po a Bpuil 
DO comapra ngheapnuip aj THag Gochajain ap an Sionnuch ajup 
ap a buchaib, .i. ^nfom t)*peapann paop ap jac em-aon, agup muc 
Y a ngnfom o pm amach Da n-focpai6 cijeapnup pip an Sionnuch, 
ajup an muc do ber Do nopp muice clapaige, agup an gnforh nac 
biar muc ann caopa 'n-a h-ionaD ; ajup gac lonaD a biac peaponn 
a ngioll 6 Shionnchuib ag Daoinib caob amui^ do cip, ajup nac 
ciocpaiD DO h-8hionnchuib a puaplujuDh, ceaD aj TTla^ Gochajdm 
a puap5la6. 5^^ lonaD a D-ciocpai6 ppeach no geappaDh 6 pop 
lonuiD an pio5h ap THag Gochajam cion a DurhaiD ap an Sionnuch 
DC po. Ctgup jac lonaD a biar papac no apuppa a n-Duchai6 an 
Shionnui^h d' piachuib ap TTlacc Gochajdin rabuc Do Deanam cnp, 

ajup 

extensive with the barony of Kilcoursey 
in the present King's County. This tribe- 
name they derived from Tadhgan, the 
seventh in descent from Brendan, chief 
of all Teffia, who granted the site of the 
monastery of Durrow to St. Columbkille, 
in the year 550. 

® AU the sign oflordMp^ i. e. his chiefry 
and privileges shall not extend beyond 
what is stated in this covenant. 

P A gniomh, — This term is anglicised 
gnieve by English writers. See Harris's 
edition of Ware^s Anttquities, p. 226. In 
the south of Ireland a ^ntoih is the twelfth 
part of a ploughland. In the willofTeige 



^ Connla^ usually anglicised Conly, but 
sometimes Connell, as by the translator of 
the Annals of Clonmacnoise. 

^ Conckobhar, now anglicised Conor and 
Latinized Cornelius. 

™ Laigknech, — This name, which denotes 
Leinsterman or Lagenian, would be angli- 
cised Lynagh. It is now obsolete as the 
proper name of a man. According to the 
Annals of Clonmacnoise this Laighneach 
died in the Ides of September, 1400. 

^ Muintir Tadhgain is usually angli- 
cised Munterhagan. It was the tribe name 
of the Foxes or O'Cahamys, and was also 
applied to their country, which was co- 



Covenant between Mageoghegan and the Fox. 



191 



In the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy 
Ghost, this compact of Mageoghegan and the Fox is made. 

This is the covenant and contract of Mageoghegan, i. e. Connla^, 
son of Conchobhar*, son of Laighnech", and of the Fox of Muinter 
Tadhgain*^, i. e., Breasal, son of Eoghan, son of Cairbri, viz. : Mageo- 
ghegan to be lord over the Fox, and his country ; and this is all the 
sign of lord3hip® which Mageoghegan has over the Fox and over his 
country, viz., a gniomh** of land free from every impost, and a hog out 
of every other gniomh"" which pays chiefry to the Fox ; and the hog to 
be in the condition of a muc dasach^ ; and the gniomh on which there 
is not a hog to give a sheep in its place. And wherever land is mort- 
gaged from the Foxes to persons [livingl outside the territory, and the 
Foxes not able to redeem it, Mageoghegan is at liberty to redeem it. 
Wherever cess or cutting comes from the King's Deputy on Ma- 
geoghegan, the due proportion of it to be paid by the Fox for his own 
territory. And every place that is deserted and rent impaid* in Fox's 
country, Mageoghegan is obliged to distrain upon it, without making 

the 



O^Donovan of Ralieen and Drishaue, who 
died in 1639, he defines nine gnives as 
forniing three quarters of a plough-land. 
In a MS. in the Lambeth Library (Carew 
Collection), No. 614, p. 197, "a plow- 
land'^ is said to contain '* about 120 
acres." Hence it is quite evident that a 
gnive was considered to contain about 
ten acres. 

*> Out of wery ^iomk, — This was a 
very considerable tribute rendered to Ma- 
geoghegan, for Muintir-Thadhgain con- 
tained thirty plough-lands, or three hun- 
dred and sixty gnieves, so that Mageoghe- 
gan was, by this covenant, to receive three 



hundred and fifty-nine hogs. This must 
have been a yearly tribute ; but this is not 
stated in the document It should have 
been stated in the covenant whether this 
tribute was paid yearly. 

^ Muc ckuaehy a fat pig — G*EeiUy. 

* Deserted^ or the rent unpaid. — There is 
an imperfection in the language here. It 
should be stated thus : Mageoghegan is 
entitled to appoint tenants upon such 
lands as are void of inhabitants in Fox's 
country, and he is bound by this covenant 
to distrain the property of such tenants 
as have not paid their tributes to the Fox, 
and deliver up such distress to the Fox, 



192 Covenant between Mageoghegan and the Fox- 

aguy jan a cion Do cabaipc ap an ci 00 biar 'n-a f>ui6e. Qgup 

t)d o-cipcaoh ppeach no jeappaoh o piop lonuio an pioj ap an 

Sionnuch cuiD a 6uchai6 ap TTlaj Gochagain mup biap [ap] an 

Sionnuch ; jach oipeaccap Samna no bealcume oa mbiab a n-Ouch- 

ai6 TTleig Gochajain a rabaipc 50 baile aca an upcaip no 50 

Cuipp na pjean, agup an Sionnuch a^up maiche a cfpi 00 ceacc 

laip ann ; piac [pa] eunnop ajup pa. aon canuib QpOcij agup 

amuijh ; gac paoippi ajup ^ac cijeapnup Da bpuil a^ TTlaj Goch- 

ajain ann pm ag peap a lonaiD 'n a Diai;^, ace 50 n-Deapna6 pe 

a Dirceall maireapa agup cumDuij Do'n Shionnnch agnp D'd cfp ; 

' gac lonaD a biab co^ab no ceannaipg ap TDag Gochajain no ap 

an Sionnuch ajup 6 n-a D-ciobpa peap aca luce a cumDai^ leip 

cap cfp amuij, cion a Duchaib ap [an] b-peap eile do na 

buanuDhuib ajup cabac an appuppuDhuip ap IDaj Gochajain. 

Qgup ag po a b-puil d' piachuib ap THag Gocagdin a n-Diaij gac 

pocaip Da n-Dubpumuip ann pin, .1. a Dicceall cumDuij agup pop- 

guiDh DO Deanam Do'n Shionnuch, agup Da gac Dume 'n a 6uchai6 

eDip beag ajup mop j agup gac lonaD a n-ai^eopaiD mac ^oiU no 

^aoiDil an Sionnuch no Duine 'na DuchaiD, bpeach TTluipcheapcaij; 

TTlic Qobagdin, no an bpeiccamain beap ann uacha an c-ionaD nac 

5eabcap 

without claiming any chiefry over such Sir Hugh de Lacy the younger, in the 

lands except such as are already speci- year 1 192, but on the decay of the power 

fied. of the De Lacys in Meath, it was seized 

« The proporHon of hit territory qfit^i.e, upon by Mageoghegan. Sir Henry Piers, 

the proportion of Fox's country which is in his Chorographical Description of the 

given him by this covenant. county of Westmeath, which was published 

^ Ath-an-urchair, — This place is still in the first volume of Valiancy's Cofleeto- 

called in Irish baile ara upchuip, and in nea de Refme Hibemicis, describes this cas- 

English Horseleap. It is situated in the tie (p. 84) as a stately structure; and such 

parish of Ardnurcher, in the barony of it evidently was ; but there are no distinct 

Moycashel, and county of Westmeath. ruins of it at present, except the two piers 

There was a strong castle erected here by of the draw-bridge. Masses of the walls 



Covenant between Mageoghegan and the Fox. 193 

the person settled there liable to him. And if cess or cutting be 
levied by the King's Deputy upon the Fox, Mageoghegan is to pay the 
proportion of his territory^ of it as well as the Fox. Every AH hal- 
lows or May meeting that shall take place in Mageoghegan's country 
shall be convened at the town of Ath-an-urchair" or Corrna-sgean'', 
and the Fox and the chieftains of his country shall come with him 
thither. They are to be under the same custom and the same tri- 
bute within and without. Every privilege and ascendancy here ceded 
to Mageoghegan shall be enjoyed by his representative after him, pro- 
vided he does his utmost endeavour for the benefit and protection of 
the Fox and his coimtry. Whenever a war or disturbance comes 
upon Mageoghegan or upon the Fox, on account of which one of them 
may bring his forces with him out of the territory, the other shall 
bear the proportion of his territory of the [expense of the] bonaght- 
men'', and Mageoghegan is to distrain in case of non-payment*. 

And these are the liabilities of Mageoghegan for all the privileges 
which we have mentioned above, viz. that he do his utmost for the 
protection and shelter of the Fox, and every person in his country, 
both small and great. And whenever either an Englishman or Irish- 
man shall sue the Fox, or any person in his territory, that the deci- 
sion of Muirchertach Mac Egan, or of the Brehon who shall be by 
them appointed, be submitted to ; and when this will not be accepted 

from 

are to be seen scattered about in various lowglasses employed, 
directions ; but the ground plan of the * In case of non-pat/ment^ L e. if ex- 
building could not now be determined, penses are incurred by Fox or Mageoghe- 
Seeiinna/9 of the Four Mast. 1192, 1207, gan in hiring kernes or gallowglasses to 
147a fight outside the territory, such expenses 

" Cormc^sgean. — The Editor has not are to be levied on both their territories, 

l^een able to determine the present name in proportion to their extent, and should 

or situation of this place. any of the kennfines or freeholders refuse 

^ Bonaght-men^ i e. the kerns or gal- to pay the additional tributes or taxes le- 

IBISH. ARCH. SOG. MISGELL. VOL. I. 2 C 



194 



Covenant between Mageoghegan and the Fox* 



geabcap pn uarha o' piachuib ap THag Gocogan a Durha6 pern 
a^up Duchaib an h-Sionnuijj Do cmcheam pe ceapc o'pajjail Do'n 
h-8ionnuch agup o'a Durharb, a^up Do cabaipc uarha ajup uaiohe ; 
ajup gac lonao a bpuil a n-Durhai6 o'd congbail 6 h-8ionnchuib a 
peilB eo^copa no appuppuohuip o' piachuib ap TTlaj Gochojam a 
bichcheall pein oarabuipr Do cabuch na Duichchi ; an c-ionaDa 
Icijpib lapla Cilli Dapa jan a cabhuch, d' piachuib ap THas Goc- 
a^^am a Dicceall Da cabuipr D'd cabuch ; ajup Da D-coib^he pe an 
Durham, a leach aja pein, ajup an leach eile aj peap na peilbe 
pein ; ni h-e ariidin ace jac lonuD nach DionjnaD mup Do ^eunaDh 
pe Da baile puipc pem do Dfon ajup Do cabuch Do'n h-Sionnuch 
agup Do TTluinncip CaDhgam gan cfop no paoippi no cijeapnup 
aije oppra, ace jac Duine ap a pon pem. Q5 po piaDhnuipi an 
cunnpuDh po, .1. TTlaj Gochagam ajup Dia poime, ajup TTlaippill 
mjean CpiopDopa, agup O'bpain, .1. Comap buiDe mac Gojhuin f 
bpain 6'p Cpaoib, ajup an peappun O'Seanchain, .1. Cucpichi agup 
Gogan O'Cionga, mac OiapmaDa Ouib, agup Seamup RuaDh, mac 

Qo6a, 



vied for the purpose in either territory, 
then Mageoghegan, as head chief of both, 
is bound by this covenant to distrain and 
compel the payment of such tributes or 
taxes. 

y Spend his country^ i. e. to levy such 
taxes on the lands as will obtain justice 
through the medium of the English law, 
or perhaps by force of arms, in case that 
the party offending or offended will not 
abide by the decision of the Irish Brehon 
appointed to both territories. 

* Detained, L e. detained by tenants 
without paying any, or the usual rents. 

» The Earl of Kildare From this it 



would appear that the Fox had entered 
into a somewhat similar covenant with 
the Earl of Kildare. 

^ Man in posseman^ L e, the freeholder 
who had held the land tributary to the 
Fox, until he was dispossessed by an in- 
truder. According to the pleading between 
Teige O'Doyne and Dr. Charles Dunne, al- 
ready referred to, the chief of Iregan could 
not dispossess any of the kennfines in the 
territory. All he could claim was tribute 
and custom, which, if they refused to pay, 
he might enter upon their lands and dis- 
train. If any townland were left waste or 
uninhabited in the territory, he might 



Covenant between Mageoghegan and the Fox. 195 

from them, then that Mageoghegan shall be bound to spend his 
country^ and Fox's country, for obtaining justice for the Fox and 
his country, as well as to compel them and him to render justice. 
And wherever any part of their territory is unjustly or with default 
of rent detained*, Mageoghegan is bound to do his utmost endeavour 
to recover such part of the territory. Whenever the Earl of Ealdare* 
declines to recover it, Mageoghegan is bo\ind to lend his utmost 
endeavours to recover it. And if he shall recover the land, then 
one half of it shall be his own, and the other half be left to the 
man in posse8sion^ Not this alone, but whenever he [Mageoghegan] 
shall not endeavour to shelter and distrain for the Fox and Muinter 
Thadhgain as he would for his own mansion, he shall not have rent, 
privilege, or lordship over them, but every man shall be for himself 
These are the witnesses of this covenant, viz. : Mageoghegan and 
God before him ; and Marcella, the daughter of Christopher* ; and 
O'Breen, i. e. Thomas Buidhe"*, the son of Eoghan* O'Breen, of 
Craebh'; and the parson O'Senchain*, i. e. Cucrichi^; and Eoghan 

O'Cionga, 

enter upon it, and seize it to bis own use. * Eoghan. — This name is now angli- 

^ MarcellcL, the daughter of Chri$topher. — cised Owen and Eugene. 
The third wife of Conla Mageoghegan, ^ CroM^ now the castle of Creeve, in 

who submitted to Elizabeth in 1567, was the parish of Ballyloughloe, barony of 

Margaret, daughter of Christopher Nu- Clonlonan, and county of Westmeath. 

gent. Lord Delvin ; see Mr. Hardiman's See Ordnance Map of the County of 

edition of O'Flaherty's West Connaught, Mestmeath, Sheet 30. 
Note Y, p. 376-278; but she can scarcely 8 0*Senchain, now anglicised Shanna- 

be identified with the MarceUa here men- ghan, and sometimes shortened to Shan- 

tioned, non. 

^ Thomas Buidhe, i. e. Thomas the yel- ^ Cuertehi. — This name, which signifies 

low. O'Breen was chief of the territory of dog of the boundary, march, or frontier, 

Breaghmhaine, now the barony of Braw- is sometimes anglicised Cucogry, or Cu- 

ney, adjoining Athlone and the Shannon, cowgrie, but more usually translated Pe- 

in the county of Westmeath. regrine. 

2C2 



196 



Covenant between Mageoghegan and the Fox. 



Qo6a, Tnic peapjail, ajup TTluipcheapcach O'Cion^a, oLlam an Dct 
cip. Q5 fin a poibe Do Cemeal piachach ajamn. (I5 |h> a poibc 
t)o Duchaib an h-Sionnuijh a^umn, .i. an Sionnuch pein, ajup oa 
mac Gamuinn, .i. TTluipcheapcac ajup pelim, ajup oa mac bpiam 
h-Sionnuigh, j. bpeapal agup Cucpichi ; ajjup TTluipcheapcach, 
mac Gojhain, mic ChaiDj Onoipe, .1. ollam an Shionnuijh. CIjup 
mipi Seamuf O'Cionja, mac Caipbpi 1 Cionja, 00 bi Do lachip an 
cunnapra do Dheanum, a^np Do pgpiobh e, agup a SuiDhe QDham- 
nam Do pmncaDh an cunnpuDh po ajup Dia ceuDaom Do h-punnpa6, 
ajup Dia h-Qoine po pgpiobab e, a^up aj po aoip an Cijeapna an 
can po .1. 6 bliabna agup 20, u. 100 pjeo 1000 bliabain^ crgup an 
Dapa la 20 Do mi Qgupcup. 

+ TTIipi TTlac Gocajam. 

+ THipi an SinDach. 

aiin^inD ffii pcpcciDc (fff bee nglcnc ncppbhpicpcpipjpb 

nsnpcDc"* bpuil a n-Gipmn •!• Smni clann Gamumn h-Sionnuigh. 
+ Smni clann bhpiam h-Sionnui^. 



' Eoffan G^Cionga would be now angli- 
cised Owen O'King, or Eugene King. 
The name is still common in Meath. 

^ Diarmaid Dahhy i e. Dermot the 
black. The name Diarmaid is now an- 
glicised Darbj and Jeremiah. 

^ James Rtuxdh^ i. e. Jacobw Ru/ub^ or 
James the red-haired. 

^ Aedh^ now Hugh. 

^ Ferghal^ now anglicised Farrell, or 
Ferrall. It is almost obsolete as the 
Christian or baptismal name of a man. 

^ Muirchertack, now generally angli- 
cised Murtough, or Murtha, and some- 
times changed to Mortimer. 



p Cinel'Fkiachachy i. e. Mageoghegan 
and his correlatives. 

*> JPWtm. — This is now changed to Felix. 
It is generally written Phelim by English 
writers. 

' Brian^ now sometimes made Bernard; 
but the original form of the name is re- 
tained by several. 

* Breasal, anglicised Brassal, Brissel, 
and Bazil, and sometimes BasiL 

' Tadkg Onoire, L e. Teige, Thaddspus, 
or Timothy, the son of Honora. This is 
an instance of a man being called after his 
mother, as is very frequently the case, at 
the present day, in many parts of Ireland. 



J 



Covenant between Mageoghegan and the Fox. 



19; 



O'Cionga*, the son of Diarmaid Dubh*; and James Ruadh', the son 
of Aedh", son of Ferghal"; and Muirchertach® O'Cionga, the chief 
poet of both territories. These are all we had present of the Cinel- 
Fhiachach**. Here are all of Fox's country that were with us, viz. the 
Fox himself ; and the two eons of Edmond, i. e. Muirchertach and 
Felim** ; and the two sons of Brian' Fox, i. e. Breasal* and Cucrichi j 
and Muirchertach, the son of Eoghan, son of Tadhg Onoire\ L e. the 
chief poet" of the Fox. And I am James O'Cionga, the son of Cairbri^ 
O'Cionga, who was present at the making of this covenant, and who 
wrote it ; and it was at Suidhe Adhamnain'' this covenant was made, 
precisely on Wednesday, and on Friday it was written ; and this 
is the age of the Lord at this time, six years, and twenty, five hun- 
dred and one thousand years, and the twenty-second day of the month 
of August. 

+ I am Mageoghegan. 

+ I am the Fox. 

aiingind iiii scftidc iiii bee nglcnt ncsrbhsicscsisgrbngnsdc. 

That is in Ireland*. »{• We are the sons of Edmond Fox. + We 

are the sons of Brian Fox* 

Abt. XIV. 



" Chief poeU olloiii, means a chief pro- 
fessor of any art or science. Tadgh was, 
probably, chief poet to the Fox. 

^ Cairbrif now anglicibed Carbery, or 
Carberry. 

* Suidhe Adhamnain, i. e. Sessio Adam- 
nani, now' Syonan, by a corrupt imitation 
of the pronunciation ; a castle in a town- 
land of the same name, in the parish 
of Ardnurcher, in the barony anciently 
caUed Kinealeagh, now MoycasheL See 
Ordnance Map of Westmeath, sheet 31. 



* That is in Ireland.— The rest of this 
sentence is written in the Ogham Cou" 
saine, but many of the letters are effaced^ 
For the key to the reading of this charac- 
ter, see O'MoUoy's Orammatiea Latino^ 
Hibemica^ pp. 13 3- 135. It is a mode 
of writing rendered obscure, by substi- 
tuting certain consonants for vowels, and 
the vowels for consonants. Thus, B or bh 
stands for a, pc for e, nj for 1, ol for o, 
and pe for u ; also a is substituted for C| 
and c for ci* 



198 The Annals of Ireland^ from the Year 1443 to 1468. 

Art. XIV, — The Annals of Irdandy from the Year 1443 to 1468, trans- 
hied from the Irish hy Dudley Firbisse, or^ as he is more usually 
caUed^ Duald Mac Firhis^for Sir James Ware, in the Year 1666. 

OF this translation there are three copies extant, one in the Library 
of the British Museum, Cod. Claren. torn, 68, Ayscough, 4799, 
Plut. cxv. E, which is in Mac Firbis's own hand, and commences 

p. 47- 

The second copy is preserved in the Library of Trinity College, 

Dublin, Class F. i , 18. This seems to have been made for Daniel 
Molyneux, Ulster King at Arms, by a very incompetent scribe, who 
has mistaken many of the proper names of men and places, and even 
corrupted the text in various ways. The third copy is preserved 
among Harris's Collections in the Library of the Royal Dublin So- 
ciety: it is in Harris's own hand, and appears to have been made 
from the Trinity College copy, but Harris has evidently corrected 
some obvious blunders of the transcriber. 

It is now difficult to determine from what compilation of Annals 
Mac Firbis has made this translation, as it does not agree in matter 
or arrangement with the Annals of the Four Masters, or any compi- 
lation of Annals accessible to the Editor in Dublin or in England. 
Harris, in his edition of Ware's Bishops, at Tuam, \inder John [de 
Burgo'], has the following observation on this translation, p. 612: 

" One John was consecrated about the close of the year 1441. [Sir James 
Ware declares he could not discover when he died ; and adds that some called 
him John de Burgo^ but that he could not answer for the Truth of that name.] 
But both these particulars are cleared up, and his immediate successor named 
by Dvidley JFirbisae^ an Amanuensis, whom Sir James Ware employed in his 
House to translate and collect for him from the Irish Manuscripts ; one of whose 
pieces begins thus, viz. ^ This Translation beginned was by Dudley Firbisse in 
the House of Sir James Ware, in Castle-streety Dublin, 6th ot November 1666, 

which 



The Anncds of Ireland^ Jrom the Year 1443 to 1468- 199 

which was 24 Days before the Death of the said Knight The Annals or Trans- 
lation, which he left behind him, begin in the year 1443, and end in 1468. I 
suppose the Death of his Patron put a stop to his further progress. Not know- 
ing from whence he translated these Annals, wherever I have occasion to quote 
them, I mention them imder the name oi Dudley JFirbisseJ* 

Again under Richard [(yFerral^j Ardagh, p. 253, he writes: 

'^ In certain Manuscript Annals intitled The Annals o/Firbiasy (not those of 
Gdasy Mac Firbissy^ who died in 1301, but the Collection or Translation of one 
Dudley Firbissy)^ I find mention made of Richard Bishop of Ardagh, and that 
he was sone to the Great Dean Fitz-Damd Fitz John Galda O Fergaill, and his 
death placed there under the year 1444.^ — ^p. 254. 

Here Harris refers to Annals by a Gelasy Mac Firbissy, who 
died in 1301. These are probably the Annals of Lecan, now un- 
known, but referred to by the Four Masters, and often quoted by 
Roderic Flaherty in the margin of the Trinity College autograph 
copy of the Ajinals of the Four Masters [Class H, 2. 11], under the 
title of " MS. L." But we learn from Duald Mac Firbis himself, that 
he had various MSS. and Annals of the Mac Firbises; and it is 
quite evident that the present translation was made from some of 
them. 

The following memorandum prefixed to a list of Bishops, collected 
for Sir James Ware, and now preserved in the MS. already referred 
to, in the British Museum, will enable the reader to form some idea 
of the sources from which this translation has been drawn : 

** The ensueing Bishops' names are collected out of severall Irish ancient and 
modem manuscripts, viz. of Gilla-isa mac fferbisy written hefore the yeare 1397 
(it is he that wrote the greate booke of Leackan Mac fferbisy, now kept in 
Dublin), and out of others the Mac fferbisys' Annals, out of Saints' Calendars 
and Genealogies also, for the Right worshipful and ever honoured Sir James 
Ware Knight, and one of His Majestie's Priyie Council and Auditor Generall 
of the Eangdome of Ireland. 

" This Collection is made by Dudly Ferbisie 1655." — p. 17. 

The 



200 Jlie AfiTuds of Ireland^ from the Year 1443 to 1468. 

The text of the present edition has been obtained from the auto- 
graph of Mac Firbis already noticed, compared with the Dublin tran- 
scripts. The Editor is indebted to the Rev. Richard Gramett and to 
Mr. Grabham of the British Museum, for the collation of these sheets 

with the original. 

J. O'D. 

Annals of Ireland, 
Ex Annal. ferbissii. 

This translation beginned was by Dudly 

fferbisie in Sir James Ware's house at 

Castle streete vi®. Novembris 1666. 

1443. Malruany (Thady 6 Carole's sonn) Ejng of Ely died. Mac 
jEgan of Ormond a happy rich man, and a greate Author (.1. learned 
in the Irish law) of the Irish lawes died. Fingin Mac Gilly Patrick 
and Dermott Mac Gille Patrick, Mac Gille Patrick King of Ossory 
his two sonns (the said Fingin being well worthy of the Kingdome of 
Ossory as sole Lord through his vertuous qualities and conditions 
both in princely person, wealth, liberality and martiall ffeates), were 
both murthered in Killkenny by Mac Richard Butler's direction. 
Walter the Siccy his son and Alexapder Croc and John Begg 
O'Conallay, by these three Fingin was beaten to death, and after- 
wards Richard Buttler's sonn cruelly ransacked Ossory. 

Brian fitz Edmond fitz Thomas, fitz Cathal OTeargail being killed 
and drowned he endeavoring to goe forcibly to [from, DM. MS.'\ 
Port-Ingortin after he was two yeares and a halfe kept prisoner by Da- 
niel boy OTeargail. Thady O'Dowda the King of O'Fiachra-muay his 
son being cast and killed with a speare by his owne brother, ^dh 
fitz Feargal m*^^gan chiefe Judge of OTiachra and Baethalach his bro- 
ther both died. The son of Taithlech boy hara was killed in his owne 
house by East 6-hara his son, and by his own kinsman. A preying 
army made by -^Edh fitz Brian O'Kelly King of O-many and by Core 

0-mailechlyn 



TheArmals of Ireland^ from the Year 1443 to 1468. 201 

O-mailechljoi & by Art fitz Conn 0-maileclilyn in Corcaroy in Meath, 
and by the sons of Dermot ffitz Art 0-Mailechlyn in Corcaroy in Meath 
so that they gathered thence innumerable preyes of cowes, & they 
burned Muny-na-fedey. Another preying army was made by Mac- 
gille-Patrick King of Ossory, and by O-mordhaes sonn, and by Conn- 
Oconner, so that their forces reached westwards beyond Sliavar- 
dachy, and they gathered very many Catties, vntill Richard Butlers 
sonn overtooke them, and they being defeated lost some scores of 
their horses, and there was killed William the sons son of Thomas 
son to the Earl of Eilldare, and Caher o-Conners sonn, & John Renan 
fitz Murris Oridh his sonn, and Malechlyn Roa mac Gille Patrick his 
son, and Donnagh sons son to John 0-Carole, & others of their foot- 
men, and the most parte of their horseboyes alsoe. 

Greate preyes taken by -^dh boy 0-nell from his elder brother 
Mortagh roa 0-nell, so that he obeyed for his preyes, and both they 
concluded full peace afterwards. A greate army made by Mac-William 
Burk viz^ by Edmond fitz Thomas Burk, and by his confederates both 
English and Irish, to joyne in Battle against Mac- William of Clann- 
rickard viz'. Ullick oge fitz UUik fitz Richard ; but God hindered 
them from fighting, so that Mack- William of Clanricard came then 
to Mack- William Burks house (.1. obeyed him) for he had not a com- 
petent number of fighting men for battle, nor to defende his country 
at that season, so that he receued as meanes 400 cowes, a horse and 
armour, and then they both made full peace as well in their owne 
behalfe, as in the behaUe of their friends, English and Irish on 
both sides. Johnjoie son to Cuconnacht 0-Feargail, Lord of Fir- 
laeghaghan, died a penitent death, he being annointed according to 
the churchs rites. 0-Mordha his sons gave a defeate to the county 
of Killkeny, where Piers the sons son of Piers Buttler was killed, 
and two or three of the murtherers that has [had] beaten Fingin Mac 
Gille Patrick 

IBISH ABGH. 800. MISOELL. VOL. I. 2 D The 



202 The Annals of Ireland, from the Year 1443 ^ 1468. 

The Abbot of Muirgeas son to the Abbot Mac Donaghy was 
killed (per dolum) by his own kinsmen to wit by the sonns of 
jEdh mac Maelruany, viz\ Bricksliav-men, and that, for taking from 
them certaine hereditarie lands, and it is said, that he was son to the 
Abbot mac-David, though he endeuored to depose him forcibly. 

A rainy tempestous yeare after May, so that very many fishes 
multiplied in all the riuers in Ireland, and much hurted both bees 
and sheepe in Ireland also. 

One of the streets in Ath-boy-dachta being burnt whose losses 
were innumerable. 

A confederacy of warr made by the Berminghams, and by Cal- 
wagh 6-Conner against the English, so that they preyed and burnt a 
greate part of Meath by that warr, & that alsoe they haue obtained 
what they sought for according to their own wills, to wit, the said Cal- 
waghs challenges, that is, his duties (as their Lord) from the Enghsh 
diuing his life, and the Berminghams pledges that has [had] beene then 
in the custodie of the English in consideration of many challenges due 
into them, to wit, satisfaction for blood and preyes, the said pledges 
to be freely restored without further satisfaction giuen for them, and 
not that onely [but] they obtained all conditions as they demaunded 
for holding peaceable quietnesse with the English. That warr, was 
called, the warr of Caimin, that is, an abvse that was giuen to the son 
of the Chiefe of the Berminghams (hibernice, to mac ffeorais his son) 
in the greate court in the town of Ath-truim by the Thresurer of 
Meath, .1. the Barn walls sonn, so that he did beate a Caimin (.1. a 
stroke of his finger), vpon the nose of mac mec ffeorais or Berming- 
hams son, which deede he was not worthy of, and he entering on the 
Earle of Ormond safe guard, so that he stole afterwards out of the 
town and went towards 0-Conner ffaly and joyned together, and it 
is hard to know^ that ever was such abuse better revenged then the 
said Caimin, and thence came the notable word (Cogadh an Caimin). 

In 



The AnrmU of Irdand^ from the Year 1443 to 1468. 203 

In that same warr was killed ^dh ballagh fitz Roiy fitz MsBlmordha 
Riauagh 0-Conner by a speare. 

Magnus Dall son to 0-Conner Roe a man of excellent good know- 
ledge and memory, and a kind of the commonest sort of poets 
died. 

1444. A greate Controuersie betwixt the Clergy of Ireland in 
this yeare touching Easterday, for Dominica Septuagesima was on the 
second day of february, and quadragesima on the 23 of the same 
moneth, and Easter on the vi of April, and that is erroneous .1. the 
bissextile day happened on Sunday next to the termin, so that it 
extended Septuagesima on the ix of february, and Quadragesima on 
the first of March, and Easterday on the twelft day of Aprill, and that 
is the truth according to the common opinion. 

-^dh boy fitz Brian Ballagh 0-Nell who was thought to be 
King of Ireland, and the most famous Prince, the liberalest and 
hardiest in martiall deeds, and the only man (in his own dayes) that 
most planted of English lands against their wills that was in Irland, 
was by one cast of a speare killed in Magenis his Country, of whose 
wound being sick for 25 dayes space, that is from Wednesday in 
which Christ was betrayed, vntill the Saturday the second of May, and 
we never heard, since Christ was betrayed in such a day, a better 
man. 

A greate army made by Eogan fitz Niall Oge 0-Nell in Vlster, and 
by all the Irish of Vlster also (besides 0-Domnaill) to spoile and prey 
-^dh-boy 0-nell his sons after that their greate losse, so that Mortagh 
roe 0-nell, and Henry 0-nell and Mac-Vgilin, with their confederates 
on both parties, gathered their forces to Dufflrian against the greate 
army aforesaid, and they cutt wood in their passage afore them, and 
there was killed 0-uells Constable .1. Mac Domnall Galloglach, he 
being left onely in the reare of the army among the carriage, thorough 
which he was discouraged, and they gaue such pledges to their 

2 D 2 own 



204 The Annals of Ireland, from the Year 1443 to 1468. 

own desire to 0-nell boy his sons : to wit, ^dh son to 0-Nell» and 

Henry 0-nell his son, and Mag Mahons son, one Mellan, and 1 5 

pledges more, as they haue chosen to themselves for to giue them 
way, and so they departed afterwards abused and ashamed. Eogan 
Fitz Daniel fitz Mortagh 0-Conner Lord of Sligeach and of the coun- 
trey of Carbry was killed by a dart, by the sons of Connac mac Don- 
iiaghy ; and Maelaghlyn M* Cormac M*^ Donnaghy his son was killed 
afore that in quarrell by the sons of Eoin O-hairt, and that was the 
cause of the killing of the said Eogan fitz Daniel O'Conner. 

Greate warr stirred in Delbhna-Eathra, the somis of Dauid Mag 
Cochlan and Felim Mag Cochlan on the one partie, and the Bishop 
Mag-Cochlan, with the sept of Conner Mag Cochlan on the other 
partie, soe that each partie gathered their several friends, to wit Msjg- 
Eochagan, and his son, and the sons of Daniel 0-Bryan, and the sons 
of Daniel 0-Kelly his son, on Mag-Cochlan s side ; and Breasel fitz 
Brian fitz Eogan 0-Kelly with the Bishop, and went they both parties 
to Magh-Beannchoir to meete 0-Madden upon tearmes of aggreement, 
and the Bishop would not allow not the cessation of one day, nor of 
that night neither, but he followed all that multitude to Lomcluain- 
I-flaitily to piu'sue them where the Bishop with his men were defeated, 
and farther the Bishop and his two Brothers Brian and Magnus, the 
two sons of the Archdeacon Magcochlan, and the sons of O-^Edhacan 
also were all killed on the bogg northward next Tuaim-Eolaing, and 
James (the Bishop's son) Archdeacon ofCloonmacnoise, andBreasall 
fitz Brien fitz Eogan 0-Kelly Prior of Cloontuaiscert-0-many was killed 
on the bogg soothward by Tuaim-Eoluing, and also 1 8 of the Laytie 
were killed therein, and they ransacked and burnt the Fothair Dealb- 
nach that night, and it was on Monday before S. John Baptists day 
theise greate deeds were acted, and Gods blessing, and the blessing 
of all Saints and true Christians with that Bishop to his terrestriall 
mansion, a common giuer to all the clergy of Irland, and a speciall 

true 



The Annals of Ireland^ from the Year 1443 to 1468. 205 

true friend to all the learned in y* Irish liberall sciences in Irland 
also, was that eminent Lord Bishop. 

Greate warr in Machary-Coiiacht between the two O-Conners, 
so that men and cattle were lost and spoilde, and Ruaiy fitz Thady 
0-Conner was killed thorough that warr. 

Greate warr betwixt the Earl of Desmond and Ormond, so that 
the Earle of Desmond preyed and burnt I-cruinn & I-Erc, and I-Eo- 
gain, and the most parte of the county of Tippary^ and also many of 
their men were slaine. 

An army by the Earl of Ormond, Lord Deputy of Irland, and by 
the English of Meathe and Leinster, and of the east parte of Munster 
against the Earl of Desmond, so that they burnt parte of the Powers 
Country, but they dare not goe any farther, but they made a yeares 
peace afterwards, and each partie returned homewards. 

Greate preyes made on the Comsenach by Mac Richard Butler 
(or Richard Butlers son) afterwards, and Walter Tobin in recompence 
thereof tooke from them greate preyes also. 

0-Nell marched with a greate army to and in the English of 
Orgiall (alias Vriel), and ransacked the Sradvaly of Dune-Dealgan, 
and receued 60 markes and two tunns of wine for not burning the 
town,after he has [had] preyed and burnt a greate part of the country. 
William O-Maelbrenyn, who was thought to be Duke or Chieftaine 
of Clann-Concabhair was killed by Ruairk 0-M©lbrenyns sons, and 
by Muintir Coiiachtan. 

Greate miracles worked thorough St. Maryes Image in Ath- 
truim, to wit, gaue his eyes to the blind, his tongue to the dumbe, his 
legges to the creeple or lame, and the reaching of his hand to one, 
that had it tyed into his side, and catts brought forth by a bigg- 
bellied woman that was thought to be with child. 

Richard son to the greate Deane fitz Daniel fitz John Gallda 
0-Feargail, .i. Bishop of Ardachy of Bishop-Mel, in Xpo quievit, 

blessed 



2o6 The Annals of Ireland^ from the Year 1443 ^^ 1468. 

blessed be he, and the yong Officiall Mac Muircherty being (by the 
Queir of Ardachy) chosen to supply his place, and his messengers 
sent towards the Pope afterwards. 

The Bishop of Oilfinn, .1. William O-Etegen went to Rome, and 
many of the Conachtian Clergy, and they for the most parte died, .1. 
Thady fitz Thady Mac Diarmoda after obtaining the Abbacie of the 
Boyle, and William son to the Deane O-Flanagan, .1. Prior of Ros- 
common, and the son of Maelachlyn fitz Cormack M** Doiiaghy, .1. the 
Abbot of Balaesadara, and John son to the Abbot M^ David, with 
many more of the clergy of Vlster and Conacht. 

Tomaltach son to Conn® 0-birn, who was thought to be Duke 
or Chieftaine of Tirbriuen-na-sinna, died x^ Kalend. Dec^mbris. 

Edmond sons son to Eochy 0-Kelly died. 

A greate skirmish by the sonns of Muirchertach Bacach 0-Con- 
ner, wherein Muireadhach 0-Hairt and many others were killed. 
Another greate skirmish by the sonns of Cormack Mac Donnagh on 
the sonns of Tigeman Oge 0-Ruairke, wherein Henry Mac-Caba with 
many others were killed. 

A besiedging campe made by 0-Nell against the English where- 
with he has done them much harme, and they gaue him much goods 
for graunting to them one halfe yeares peace. A preying army 
made before that, by the sons son of 0-Nell, .1. by Brian fitz Daniel 
fitz Eogan 0-Nell, against the English in Orgiall (or Vriell) wherem 
the said Brian was killed by own [one] cast of a stone, and Emear 
Mag-ma-hon was taken prisoner, and some of his men slaine. 

The Earl of Ormond Lord Deputy of Irland was summoned from 
the King of England, and was taken prisoner by the King afterwards 
for certaine crimes, and many accusations layd vnto his charge by the 
English of Irland. . 

One of the Popes Cardinals was killed by his owne Chamber- 
laine per dolum. 

The 



TlieArmals of Ireland^ from the Year 1443 ^^ 1468. 207 

The glory, and solace of our Creator extolled in this yeare, .1. 
eleven thowsand of the Zaracens were killed in battaile by the Prior 
of Rhodes, and also the Popes men defeated them in another battle 
wherein many thowsands were slain of them. 

A wett summer and haruest, which made all come maltish for 
the most parte. 

Torlagh son to Eogan fitz Ruairy 0-Conner was killed by Clann- 
coiiway by one cast of a dart 

Felim son to O- Conner Ffaly went to seme Mac-Murchada 
against the soSs of Gerald Caemhanach, some time, expired after- 
wards, he returning homewards. Art Caemhanach raised against him, 
and tooke him prisoner, he being but few men in his company. 

John son to Brian fitz Edmond 0-Fergail and eight more were 
slaine neere Bri-leth by the sons of Daniell boy 0-Feargail. 

Edmond son to Thomas fitz Cathal 0-Feargail died. 

Magnus Mag-Mahon, who ought to be King of Orgiall, and one 
worthy of the Lordship of Irland thorough his liberalise, martiall 
feates warrs and preyes on both English and Irish, such as has 
[had] been his foes [died] and was buried in Cluain-eouis, on the first 
day of the exaltation of the holy Crosse. 

A great Defeate giuen to the sonns of OCofier Faly and to the 
sones of OMordha wherin Cathul 0-Coner was taken prisoner, and 
many of his men slaine in the county of Killdare, so that he lost no 
less than fine or six scores both killed and imprisoned. 

Gerott son to James Tirel, and Hubert TireVs son were slaine 
per dolimi by the sons of Richard Tirell in Balegatachan on twesday 
next after Michselmas. 

Emear son to Brian Magmahon, who should be King of Orgiall, 
slaine. 

The sons son of Thady fitz Mahon 0-Kennedy was murthered, 
by the sons of Daniel Mac Mahon. 

A wicked 



2oS The Annals of Ireland^ from the Year 1443 ^^ 1468. 

A wicked prey taken by the sons of Thorlach O-Coner from 
the sons of Felim 0-Coner, and in revenge therof the preyes of 
Mnintir-Taidy-an-teaghly were taken by the sonns of Felims son. 

The Castle of Athlone was taken by Muintir-nechtyn, and by 
the son of Gille-bowr fitz Edmond 0-Kelly per dolum, and gaue it to 
Donnach son to 0-Kelly afterwards, and as he possessed the said Castle, 
he left the custody thereof to the same people, and afterwards the 
Dillons in an obscure windy night went towards ye said Castle, and 
made therevnto (vnawares to the wardes) away thorough which they 
entered, and after they gott in, two of their men, viz. William buy 
Dillon, and Robert 0-Siadhail were slaine by darts, and after that 
within also was slaine the sons son of Mahon 0-Neachtyn, andDiarmoid 
O-Maslbrigdy, but Gille-bowr his son entered into Tor-an-Puca, and 
defended it, vntill his life was secured [ensured] him by his ene* 
mies, and was afterwards safe conducted to his own house, and the 
castle kept by the Dillons. 

Greate preyes taken by Conn 0-Connor ffaly from Mac-morach his 
people, especially from the Sons of Morach M^ Lochlyn, and he being 
pursued with a greate multitude of men, that put him in a very 
dangerous condition, nevertheless the said Conn couragiously fought 
against the pursuers, and scattered them, and tooke twentie horses, 
eight or nine prisoners of the best ranke from them, and brought 
away wholy the prey^. 

Magenis taken prisoner (in the beginning of this yeare) by 
^dhbuy 0-Nell, and kept him, vntill he was forced to surrender his 
Castle with 200 Cowes, and pledges or prisoners, 

The Prior of Killmaignen, .1. the sons son of Thomas son to the 
Earl of Killdare was brought by Walter Berminghams sonn out of 
New-castle, he being sett out at night by the keepers. 

Cluain-mael-bealtoiny was burnt on JEdh boy Mageochagan by 
Mageochagan, and by his sonn, and by Ffelim 0-Conor, for not accom- 
plishing 



The Annals of Ireland, from the Year 1443 to 1468. 209 

plishing his word to him, and after that the sons of^dh boyMageo- 
chagan tooke the prey of Killbeggan, in whose pursuance Mageochagan 
was wounded by Conla Mageochagan, and parte of his souldiers were 
slaine about Diarmoid fitz William Cam sons son to Mortagh Roe 
Mageochagan, and with the sons of Maiiin and others- 

0-Conner of Corcomroa halfe King of the country, killed per 
dolum by his own kinsmen. 

Thady O-Brian King of Tumond died. 

Sida Cam M* Conmara Dux of Clann-cuilen, a very hospitall 
man, with cofnon liberalitie towards all Irland died between the two 
Christmases in this yeare. 

Ecchpsis luncB in hoc ano and an eclips of the sunn too. 

1445. — William son to John fitz Daniell O-Feargail Dux of An- 
galy in senectute bona quievit in Christo, and after him two Dukes 
were created in the Angaly, viz. Rosa son to Muirchertach midheach 
fitz Brian O-Feargail, was by all the sept of Murchadh 0-ffeargail 
proclaimed as Chieftaine on the one parte. And on the other parte, 
Daniel buy fitz Daniel fitz John fitz Daniel 0-ffergail was pro- 
claimed Duke by the sonns of John 0-ffeargail, with the rest of their 
friends, so that they gaue some hott skirmishes, spoyling and prey- 
ing each other, and after much harme don to both parties, they 
concluded a peace, to wit, by deviding the Angaly in twine. 

t)iarmoid O'Thuathail King of Clan-Tuathail being slaine, (pur- 
suemg a prey,) by the sons of Tomaltach 0-Dimasy his son, after he 
wafi past 80 yeares of age, vel plus, and according [to] the testimony 
of the selfe Lagenians, he was the best horseman and the best flesh- 
killer or slaughterer that was in his own Cuigedh or Province. 

Conner son to 0-Conner Kerry was wickedly killed by his own 
brother .i. by Mahon son to Oconner, they both being in a boate 
' going towards Iniscathy. 

O'Dimasy Bang of Clanmailura . q^ [quievit]. 

IBISH ARCH. SCO. MISCELL. VOL. I. 2 E GrcatC 



2IO The Annals of Ivda/nd^ from the Year 1443 to 1468. 

Greate waxr acted by (rerald CsBmlianacbs 8on against the English 
of Munster and Linster so that he hired many a greate bands to him- 
selfe out of Connacht about Torlagh m*" Dubgail, so that they preyed 
and burnt many of both English and Irish, and Gerald son went to Ae 
faire of the feast of the holy Crosse in Clann-Tuathail, so that they 
had killed, taken, and striped al, to their own pleasures in the town 
first, and they tooke new 0-Tuathail prisoner, and they striped him, 
an vn worthy dealing don to one of his name or dignitie, and again 
they sett him at libertie, he being not so good a prisoner for ransome, 
and for his old age, and after that, they sate downe in the town, and 
consumed the towns provision or meate, and they drank its drinke or 
beere and wine, and two or three of those that fled into the church 
as refuge were choaked, one of which was O-TuthaU's Daughter ; and 
they went to the Church after that, and tooke out by the poles all men 
therin, and soe Gerald Caemhanachs son left Clann-tuathail. Torlach 
m*' Dubhgoill and the most parte of his men being taken prisoners by 
^Edh boy Mageochagan, they coining out of Leinster towards their 
houses after ending their seruice to Geralds son ; their armour, wea- 
pons, moneyes and cloths was all taken from them, Terlagh him selfe, 
and the best of his men were kept for ransome, and their meanest men 
were sett at libertie, after striping them, and two or three of them 
were slaine, to wit, Conner mac Dalredocair his son, etc. 

The Bishop Magsamhradhan came &om Rome and obtained the 
episcopacie of Ardachadh, and the Quire of Ardachadh, and y* yong 
Officiall m** Muircherty, that was elected afore him, obeyed him 
haueing the Popes authoritie from Rome. 

Innumerable greate preyes taken by the English (from 0-Daly of 
Meath), to wit, by the Threasurer, -i. Bamwall, they viz. the preyes 
being betrayed by the Tirels themselves, whereby men were wounded 
and slaine, and others utterly vndon after that prey by the Tirelk 
aforesaid also, and there happened a greater prey in the same day viz. 

Feargal 



The Annals of Ireland^ from the Year 1443 to 1468. an 

Feargal 0-Daly, he himselfe being wounded on the tract of that prey, 
thorough which wound he died afterwards, he being in his Death bed 
from the feast of the holy Cross in haruest vntill Wednesday after the 
feast of all Saints, in the 26 yeare of his age, one worthy to be chosen 
cheife in his own art to all the Midians, if he did come to mature 
yeares, the blessings of God and of his Saints be on his soule, and it 
is a greate fall to the Irish sciences that he died such a death. 

Many of the Irish of Irland went towards the Citty of S. James 
y* Apostle to Spaine in that Summer about Tomaltach mac Diar- 
moda King of Magh-luirg, and about Margarett O-Caroles daughter 
of Calwaghs wife, and with Mageochagan the Duke of Kenel-fiacha 
mac-Nell, and about 0-Edriskeol oge, and many more noble and 
ignoble psons. 

A preying skirmish made or giuen by Daniel boy 0-Feargal and 
by the sons son of Art O-mseleachlyn, against Mageochagan and his 
son, so that they plundered and burnt Magh-caisil, and the Ruskagh. 
Greate preys by Mageochagans son in revenge therof taken from 
Daniel O'Saaruidhe in Dun-ard att the bankes of Camath so that he 
killed men and cattle, and tooke with him both horses and cowes along 
into his owne house thorough Meath, he also defeated the Tuites 
sonns crosseing him in Muny-liath, and tooke horses and men from 
them, he happily in the same maner routed the people in Mulengare 
for opposing him too, and so brought wholy his prey from both Eng- 
lish and Irish as farr as Druim-more, where the sonns of Art O-mse- 
lachlyns son rose against him, but [it] auailed them not, for he from 
them altogether brought his preyes to his own residence, and it was 
seldome scene a more couragious night marching than that. 

Mac-Dermoda, Margarett, and Mageochagan returned safe and 
sound from Spaine to their owne houses in Irland after receuing 
the Indulgences at S. James. But O-Edriskeoil died on sea coming 
from Spaine, and Gerott, the sons son of Thomas one of the Momo- 

2 E 2 nian 



212 The Annals of Ireland^ from the Tear 1443 to 1468. 

nian Geraldines died in Spalne, and Evilin daughter to Edmond fitz 
Thomas 0-£feargail mother to the sons of Piers Dalton died in 
Spaine also. 

Greate warr made by O-Conner ffaly and by the Berminghams, so 
that he preyed and burnt towns, and cutt much com, and tooke 
many prisoners from the English by that warr, and they made peace 
afterwards, and Mageochagan, and his son, and the sons son of 
Art 0-Maeleachlyn, went with the Baron of Dealbhna where the 
English were, but the English not regarding any peace wickedly 
tooke them all prisoners, and Mageochagan after y* was for his sons 
sake (or instead of his son), sett at libertie, andMargarett O-Caroles 
Daughter afterwards went to Baleathatruim, and gave all the English 
prisoners for Mageochagans son, and for the sons son of Art, and that 
vnadvised to Calwagh, and shee brought them home. 

Mac Hubert of Disert-Kelly died in this yeare. 

Tomaltagh oge mac Donaghy King of 0-Noilealla (corrupt^ 
Tirerel) was slaine neere Sligy by the Vlster army, and two kings 
created in his dominions, to wit, John fitz Conner Mac-Donnaghy, 
and Thady fitz Tomaltagh more Mac-Donnaghy, so that greate confu- 
sion and warrs raised betwixt them Donnachs sept After that all the 
Clann-Donnaghy adhered to John mac Donnaghy, forsaking Thady, 
and then Thady aforesaid joyned in confederacy with O'Conner Roe, 
and receued meanes of him. 

A preyeing army made by the Cairbrians and by the sonns of 
Cormac mac Donnaghy against the Brefnians, thorough the instigation 
of the sonns of elder 0-Ruairk, and they taking preyes in Glinn- 
feama, a greate multitude pursued them, and they being defeated, 
Maeleachlyn, son to Cormack mac Donnaghy was slaine and drown- 
ed in the Buanaid, and many horses were taken from them, and 
many of their men were slaine also. Thady 0-Ruairks son was 
killed by Magruairks son, Mac Baitin preyed Tireragh, and a greate 

multitude 



TM Annals of Ireland, from the Year 1443 to 1468. 213 

multitude of men pursed [pursued] him, whom he routed and killed 
37 of their men. Richard Mac-Vgilins son was slaine. 

Thomas Dillon and Richard Oge Dillon died. Laigneach son to 
^dh buy Mageochagan being slaine in Coill-an-chonny by the sons 
of Muircherty oge Mageochagan. 

Sir Maurice Eustaces son died. 

John fitz Christopher Plunkett, was slaine. 

A great mortalitie of the cattle of Irland, both want of victualls 
and dearth of Com in Irland also. Donnach Losec O'Ruairk and all 
the west Bre&ie proclaimed Donnach fitz Tigeman oge 0-Ruairk as 
O'Ruairk against Lochlyn fitz Thady 0-Ruairk. 

Greate warr betwixt Magrahnyll and his own kinsman Cathal 
oge Magragnyll, and many Cowes and much Come was lost thorough 
that warr. 

Another warr betwixt the 0-Bims in which Maglruany fitz Daniel 
fitz Cormack 0-Bims was slaine, and the two sons of Daniel Carrach 

m"^ Branan, to wit, Conn and ath and Masleachlyn 0-Bims son 

was taken prisoner that day. 

Cormac fitz Donnach son to the greate Prior fitz Daniel 
0-£feargail was killed by a dart by the sept of Muirchertagh midh- 
ach 0-ffeargaiL 

1 446. An Ecclips of the moone. A hard yeare was this. 

The monastery of Balibogain was bumt in the beginning of this 
yeare. 

The sons of Felim, and Mac Diarmoda, and Thady Mac Donnachy 
marched altogether against the sons of Tomalty oge Mac Donnaghy, 
so that they bumt Balimotta, and killed -^dh boy Mac Donnachys son, 
and brought a prey of Cowes and horses with them. 0-Daniel came 
with a greate army to Connacht to helpe his fiiends, he came first to 
0-Ruairke, and thence thorough Maghnissy, and ouer the Sinnan, and 
to Magh-luirg, and thorough Machaire Connacht, and thorough Clan- 

conmhy, 



214 The Annals of Ireland, from the Year 1443 to 1468. 

conmhy, where Macwilliam Burk came and mett him at Dun-Jom- 
dhan, and lead him thence to Conmaicny-Culy-tola. 

Cu-cogrichy son to Many fitz Niall Sinnach King of Teaffit-men 
died. 

Edmond O'Bim King of O-ffaelan died, and Dublung OBrun was 
made King in his Throne immediately afterwards, 

Donnach son to Artt fitz Diarmoid King of 0-Kensely was killed 
by the 0-bruins. 

Horrible warrs betwixt 0-Conner-flFaly and the English of Meath, 
so that he preyed and burnt a greate parte of Meath, and killed many of 
their men, so that his forces reached as farr as Mont-tara northward 
and to Culmagh-Clary eastward. Brian Calwagh O-Conners son was 
by the English taken prisoner in that warr. 

Greate warr in Kenel-fiacha-mac-nell, by which -^dh buy Mag- 
geochagan was spoyled and banished, and some of his children killed, 
and some other taken prisoner, by Feargal roe Mageochagan. 

Greate warr in Machairy-Connacht betwixt the two 0-Conners 
whereby Diarmaid roe son to Thady 0-Conner was slaine by 
0-Coner Donn, and by the Clann-moris of the Bryes, and by some of 
the sons of Felim Boy his son. 

Bresal 0-Kelly was taken prisoner by the sonns ofWilliam 0-Kelly. 

Greate warrs in Tuamond, whereby all that country was vndone, 
and wherby Macwilliam of Clanricard was taken prisoner in Tua- 
mond, but 0-Brian forcibly released him, and afterwards they were 
pacified. 

Clann-Donnchy, and Therlagh Carrach 0-Conner, and O'Coner 
Donn went altogether to meet Mac- William of Clanricard, to y* end 
they might make one Mac-Donnachy, but so it was, they returned as 
two Mac Donnaghyes and their Dominions shared into two moyties 
between them. 

Daniel son to Gille-na-nasmh O^hanley was killed by the sons of 

Lochlyn 



The Annals of Ireland, from the Year 1443 '^ ^4^^^- 215 

Lochljm O-hanley wickedly, and 0-hanley himself was robbed and 
turned out of his Lordship, he being then an old blind man. ffiirther- 
more the sons of Lochlyn O-hanley againe followed O-hanley aforesaid 
the blind old man towards Acadh-airend, and they were beaten 
wherby j2Edh son to Lochljni O-hanley was slaine that day thorough 
which accidents became, that, that blind O-hanley surrendered his 
owne Dignitie to Muirchertach fitz Tomalty fitz Imhar O-hanley. But 
the Gentry of the Tuathas, and Buairy 0-Conner gave Dominaon to 
Lochlyn oge O-hanley ; Neverthelesse the sonns of Torlagh and their 
friends on both sides caused Lochlyn O-hanley to restore back againe 
his name or dignitie to blind O'hanley, and caused them to make peace, 
and to helpe one another against the sonn of Imhar 0-hanly, for they 
would not forsake the name of 0-hanly. At last [they] ordained a meet- 
ing day, and there came the sept of Ruairy 0-Conner, and Felim 0-Con- 
ner Dons son, on the side of the sept of iEdh 0-hanly. And 0-Kelly 
at once with Jomhar his son so that Maneach-men were defeated, and 
the sons of the said Imhar 0-hanly too, whereby was slaine Diarmoid 
fitz Mortach 0-hanly, the onely man of his own age and country (viz. 
of the Tuathas) that was most praysed, and it was the comon saying 
of each man that Morthy his Dukdom decayed after that son, and fur- 
ther, there was killed Mahon son to Tomaltach 0-hanly and Edmond 
ffitz MSh boy 0-Kellyes son, and Eochy fitz -^dh boy 0-Kellyes son, 
and Bory fitz iEdh-boy his son, and a son to Thady fitz Diarmoid fitz 
Donnach Carrach 0-Kelly and many others. So that 0-Kelly came with 
a greate army to Machairy Connacht, and he burnt Muintir-Badhuibh 
both buildings and com, and Clann-cathail-y-conner, and Tulach-y- 
Maelbrenyn, and Balintobair, and returned safly [after] all theise 
doings. 

A greate pestilence in Jochtar-Connacht by which died these fol- 
lowing, viz. Maelruany fitz Tomaltagh ,oge Mac Donachy, and Ter- 
lach Carrach 0-Coners son, and Maelruany Sreamach fitz Moragh fitz 

Corm"^ 



2i6 The Annals of Ireland^ from the Year 1443 to 1468, 

Corm* m*' Donagli, and Maeleachlyn m* Cormac mac Donnaghy his 
son, and his wife, Cormac Ballach Mac Doiiachyes daughter, et alii 
multi nobiles et ignobiles. 

Felim John 0-Ruairks son was killed in the middest of Fidhnacha 
by his own kinsmen. Daniel 0-Ruairks son slaine by the sons of 
Donnach fitz Tigeman O'Ruairk. 

Thomas fitz Thomas oge 0-Reyley was killed on Christmas day 
by the sons of Redmond fitz Gille-rosa Reily, 

Rury son to Ardgal more Magh-Mahone King of Oirgiall died, 
and his son -^dh roe ordained in his place by 0-Nell. 

Lord ffumiwall came to Irland from the King of England with 
six or seauen hundred Englishmen about his own son, and the son 
bf the Earl of Ormond, and they grew so strong, that they caused 
0-Connor faly to make peace and to send many beeves to the Kings 
kichin, and 0-Conners son to be ransomed. He also tooke many 
Englifihmens lands to the Kings vse. He also tooke the Dalton pri- 
soner, and turned him into the Loch-duff. 

Daniel 0-Cobthy and his two sons were wikedly slaine in y* 
Cro-inis of Loch-Ainin-fitz-Nemhy by the sons of Art O-Maeleach- 
Ijms son, and by the sonns of Fiacha Mageochagan. 

Donnagh son to Eogan oge 0-Daly being plundered by the sons 
of Redmond Tirel, and by the Petit most wickedly, and himselfe taken 
prisoner, and sent to Lord ffiimwalL Gillepatrick son to Morthy 
m*^ ffeorais sent to Lord fiumwall and was quartered. 

Tany fitz MaBlyn fitz Tany 0-maBlconary died in Clan-feorais 
between the two easters, and was honorably interred in the Monastery 
of Balliboggan, and Margaret daughter to the Sinnaghs son 0-hanly, 
the said Tany his wife died on Brigid-mas afore that. 

Diarmaid son to L:e fitz Cathal Roe Magranyl slaine, 

1447. Finduala (daughter to Calwagh O-Conner and to Marga- 
rite 0-Caroles daughter) 0-Daniels wife first, and secondly ^dh boy 

0-Nells 



The Annals of Ireland^ from the Year 1443 '^ 1468. 217 

O-Nells wife the fairest and most famous woman in all Ireland, 
besides her own mother, renouncing all worldly vanityes, and ter- 
restriall glorious pomps, embracing the Etemall glory which God 
reserues for his blessed Angels, virgins, blessed widdows, saints, with 
the rest of his chosen flock, betooke herselfe into an austere devoute 
life in the monastery of Killaichy, and the blessings of guests and 
strangers, and poore and rich of both poete-philosophers and Archi- 
poet-philosophers of Irland be on her in that life. 

jEedh son to Murthy oge Mageochagan the onely fierce coura- 
geous souldier, and sweet eloquent Gentleman of the southeme 
0-nelles, one that ought to be a worthy Duke or Chieftaine of Kinel- 
fiachy-Nelle died of a short disease. 

Eugenius the successor of S. Peter died. 

The successor of Fidnacha one for hospitalitie to all Irland 
died. 

Castle Carbry was reedified by the Lord ffumwall in this yeare. 

Colman sons son to Art O-maeleachljoi being taken prisoner by 
the Baron of Dealbna in revenge of the killing of 0-Cofiy (hibemice 
0-Cobhthaigh) and the Irish and English of Meath marched altogether 
to the woods of the Ruffa (or Rubha) so that they chased the sons of 
Arts son to Cpnnacht, and they were not sufiered to stay in Con- 
nacht, and that for the Irish tongues sake, and the Rubha was burnt 
and pulled down and ransacked by Feargall Mageochagane afterwards. 

Nicolaus being ordained Pope in Rome. 

Mac Richard Butler, (or Richard Butlers son) and Art Caemha- 
nagh being taken prisoners by Walter Tobin, and by Piers James 
Grallda his son, and Art died in his imprisonment, and Richard son 
was ransomed. 

William 0-Deoran the Chiefe Judge of Leinster apd his wife died 
by the plague in this yeare. 

The coxmtry called Angaly both west and East obeyed to Daniel 

IBI8H ABCH. SOC. MISCELL. VOL. I. 2 F boy 



2i8 The Annals of Ireland^ from the Year 1443 to 1468. 

boy O-ffeargail, and Rossa Mortach Midheach his son, to whom was 
giuen the name of a Duke or Prime Lord of that country (against 
him), gave him obeysance. 

Thady mac Donnachy, and all those of the countrjrmen, that ad- 
hered to him, gave Domination to Tomaltach mac Dermoda King of 
Maghluirg, to defend them, against the sons of Conner mac Don- 
naghy. 

niand mac Murchy, and ^dh mac Dermoid caoch offeargall both 
died. 

Gille-na-naBmh, son to Aireachty, son to Solamon mac ^gan, a 
very learned man in the Irish lawes (.1. fenceuir) died. 

Sara (.1. Sadhbh) daughter to William fitz Conner mac Branan 
Maelyn O-maelconary his Mnfe, BanoUamh of Silmuiredhy fitz flFeargus 
and a nurse to all guests and strangers, and of all the learned men in 
Irland died on Wednesday next after the feast day of S. Catherine the 
virgin, and is buried in S. Patrick's church in Oil-finn, the Lord Grod 
of S. Patrick be propitious to her soule. 

A murther comitted on Lochlyn 0-hanlyes sons, whereby were 
slaine these following viz. Danniel Loghlyn 0-hanlyes son, and Con- 
ner 0-hanly sons, Loghlyn mac Jagoch and others, by the sons of 
Gilla-na-naemh 0-hanly, and by Mseleachlyn 0-hanlyes son, and by 
other of the Tuathas, and all that adhered to Lochl3ms sons were 
preyd [preyed] and burnt. 

Create famine in the spring of this yeare thoroughout all Lrland, 
so that men were then wont to eate all maner of hearbes for the most 
parte. Create plague in summer, haruest, and winter, by which died 
the Prior of Baliboggan and the Prior of Conala, and the Barron of 
Calatrym, and Grerott the sons son of Walront, and the Listel^ and 
many more in Meath, in Monster, in Lienster died of that plague, and 
it is difficult to get an account of the innumerable multitudes that 
died in Dublin by that plague. 

Felim 



The Annals oflrdand, from the Year 1443 to 1468. 219 

Felim O-conner-faly and others tooke a prey from Laesach fitz 
Bossa 0-feargaill. But LsBsach overtaking them, tooke their prey from 
them, and aboue twenty of their men killed and taken prisoners. 

A running prey taken by a Company of Ossory att Maigh-aird, so 
that they were broken, and lost 40 or 60 of their men both noble and 
ignoble. 

Conner son to John mac Branan forsooke his Lordship, and Daniel 
Carrach, the son of Conn fitz -^dh supplyed his place. 

Felim o Reily was wickedly taken prisoner by the Lord flftirn- 
wall, and died afterwards in prison. 

The o Lochlyns killed each one. 

The soils of Robert Sauage died also in Ath-trym, after they were 
wickedly taken by flFurnwall aforesaid. 

The Abbott of Teagh-murry in Athtrym died by the aforesaid 
plague. 

Brian the son of Thady 0-Fallon, [was] wickedly taken prisoner 
by 0-Kellyes son, and was murthered by his keepers, some of the selfe 
said feUons his enimies, for which crime they suffered hanging. 

1448. Cathal 0-conner's son by the English of Lien- 

ster. 

Diarmoid son to Eogan fitz mahon O-Daly a learned hospitall man 
comonly for all Lrland, after due pennance and extreame vnction, 
died ; and in Durmy-Colum-BjUe was he buried. 

Thady fitz Thady fitz Gillcolum 0-huiggin, chiefe maister of the 
poets (called w£s-dana) of Lrland and Scotland, the affablest and hap- 
piest that euer professed the (Dan) died after due penance and ex- 
treame vnction at Ejll-conla, and was buried in the monastery of 
Ath-Leathyn. 

0-hara riabhach slaine. 

0-Lochlynn of Boimn died. 

A greate army made by 0-Conner-ffaly and by the Irish of Lien- 

2 F 2 ster, 



220 The Annals of Irdand, from the Year 1443 to 1468, 

ster, they marched to Killculind and to Castle-martine, wherin Cal- 
wagh fell down at the dore of Castle-martine, so that his sword and 
helmet were taken from him, Caher 0-conner, and Cathal O-connrg 
son, hearing that 0-Conner was taken, they returned towards him 
couragiously, and rescued him forciably, Calwagh saying that his Legg 
was broken, and the English horsemen about to bring him into the 
castle. 

Richard Butler gaue a greate defeate to Walter Tobin, and to 
Piers fitz James Gallda, wherin many of the hired souldiers of Mun- 
ster were killed. 

John Kainy a godly discreet fryer, and a good teacher of Xpian 
people died. 

The Roch of Crich-roisdeach died. 

Torlagh carrach son to Diarmoid sons son to Felim 0-conner in 
a drunkie skirmish slaine by wan blow of a sword by Ruary fitz 
Cahal-duff 0-conner in Balintobair. Felim, son to Felim Clery 
0-Conner, and Brian, son to Cahal 0-Conner, being both slaine in 
another skirmish in revenge thereof in Killculy-silinny, and by the 
same Ruairy fitz Cahal was slaine Felim fitz ffelim by wan trust 
of a speare, & it is by Felim, and by Cormac cam mac Mathon mac 
Felim Clery, Brian fitz Cahal was slaine, and it was reported, that 
the cast of Cormac cams speare had killed Brian fitz Cathal, and not 
the blows in his head giuen him by Felim at first, Brian went aliue 
so wounded the same night to Balintobair, and died the next day, and 
was buried in the fryers monastery at Roscoman, and Felim remained 
that night in Killculy, and died in the same houre the next day also, 
after extreame vnction, and pennance in a flyer's habit, and he chosed 
to be buried in the firyer's house at Tulsky, to whom he graunted a 
quarter of Land the same yeare, to build a monastery theron, and it 
was after his buriall, the monastery was consecrated to the Glory of 
God, and the honor of S. Dominick, and to Diarmoid m"" Maeltuly, 

and 



The Armala of Ireland^ from the Ymr 1443 to 1468. 221 

and also Felim aforesd bestowed and left a great like of com as helpe 
to the flyers to begin that worke. 

John fitz John boy 0-hara son to the King of Luiny, and one that 
ought to be King of Luiny, if he did Hue, slaine by one cast of a 
speare by Mac-mselruanny finn's son of Corann-men, and this was the 
occasion therof, viz. a prey that was taken by the sons of Cormac 
Mac Donnaghy from the sons of Tomalty m** Donnaghy, and brought 
it to 0-hara boy, so that the said sons of Tomalty m' Donnaghy on 
their retume from that piu'sueance of their said prey, tooke a prey 
from the said 0-hara boy, and afterwards they ordained a meeting-day, 
wherby 0-hara's son was slaine betwixt them, by one cast, as afore- 
mentioned. 

A greate skirmish betwixt y^ Irish and English of Leinster, 
wherby many were slaine and taken prisoners on both sides, about 
Thady m* Dubhgaill and 0-neachtyns son with many others. 

A greate pestUence in Meath. Conner son to ^dh boy 0-flfear- 
gall, and Diarmaid m" Conmay and Henry Duffe m** Techedan, three 
godly fryers, of the fryers of Longford-0-flFeargail, died by that 
plague. 

iEdh-boy son to Diarmoid Mageochagan, taken prisoner by Fear- 
gall oge roe Mageochagan, and afterwards died in restraint 

Felim 0-Duinn being slaine by Cu-Coigrichy O maelmoy, in re- 
venge of his brother that was by him killed afore that. 

The prey of Calry taken by the sons of Layseach mac Bossa. Mac 
magnus of Tirtuahyl his son, being killed by the son of Conner Koe 
mag-manusa he intruding vpon him, without just cause, as it was 
thought. 

Warr betwixt the sonns of Morty bachach 0-conner and the sonns 
of Brian fitz Daniel 0-conner, so that Magnus fitz Brians son was 
taken prisoner in that warr, & another of his sons was wounded, so 
that they did much harm to each other. 

Brian 



222 The Annals of Ireland^ from the Year 1443 to 1468. 

Brian mac Donnaghys son tooke a prey from John mac Don- 
naghyes son, and has driuen it towards 0-Ruairc, and Clanndon- 
aghy followed him, and they burnt Drumda-ethiar, O-Ruairk's Resi- 
dence, and Thady O'Ruairc his sonns pursued them, and he turned 
against them and Thady O'Ruaircs two sons were taken prisoners, 
and some of their men were slaine. 

Conner son to John fitz Eachmarehach m** Branan, Dux of Cor- 
cachlann for the space of 37 yeares died in Dumha-Sealga on Magh-ay, 
after he has renounced his Lordship a yeare afore that for Grod's 
sake, after receuing extreme vnction, and making penance, and was 
buried in Roscofaain, God rest his soule. 

Cathal mac Felim fitz Ruairy 0-coner was wickedly slaine by the 
sons of Ruairy fitz Cathal fitz Ruairy O-Conner, .1. Torlagh and Diar- 
moid. 

The Abbot of Blessed Trinity on Loch-K6, died. 

James «)ge fitz James Gallda the Earl of Ormonds sonn, died. 

1 449. Donnagh fitz Tigeman oge O'Ruairk king of west Bref- 
ney, after consuming a full yeare in consumption, died. Tigeman, 
Tahdy 0-Ruairks son, was ordained to supply his place in the 
westerne Brefney. Eogan fitz John 0-Reyley King of Muinter Msel- 
mordha died, and John O'Reily his own son, proclaimed king by 
0-Nelle, and by the Orgiallians, and by the sept of John O'Reily on 
the one parte; And on thother parte, Feargall 0-Reily was pro- 
claimed King by the sept of Mahon 0-Reily, and by the English, so 
that greate warrs grew betwixt them on both sides ; the lord De- 
puty and the Earl of Ormond came to asist Fergal o Reyly, so that 
John 0-Reiley defeated the forlorne hopes of that Army, wherby 
the mater of 40 or 60 men were taken from them both captives 
and killed, about Terlagh 0-Reily's son, and about Daniel bane 
0-Reilyes son. 

0-Hara halfe king of the west part of Luyny died. 

0-Flyn 



TheAmuds of Irdarui, from the Year 1443 '^ 1468. 223 

0-Flyn Dux of SilmaBlmain, was, by the sons of Walter boy Mac 
Goisdelbh at Ms owne howse slaine .1 

A defeate giuen by MaoVgilin for Morthy roe 0-Nell, wherby 
Maelmury Mac Suibhney his son, Constable to 0-Nells son, and ^ngus 
son to Mac Domnayll of Scotland, et alii multi Nobiles et Ignobiles 
were killed. 

Greate warr betwixt the Conallians, wherby many losses were 
suffered by both parties. 

Thady 0-Conners sons took a prey from Balintobair, they also 
killed two or three of the pursuers, wherby was occasioned greate 
insurrection of warr on Machery Connacht, especially for that prey, 
all the sons of Felim his son forsooke 0-Conner and his sons, and they 
adhered to 0-Conner-Donn, so that 0-Conner-Donn and 0-Conner 
Roes sons coming to him, they sent their preying horsemen and Gal- 
loglaghs thorough Cluan-corr eastward, and through Cluain-Cony, and 
towards Droygnen and Edan-na-Creggey, wherin was 0-Oonner oes 
catties (hibemic6 Caerycht) and Carbry O'Conner, and his cousins, 
Cathyl Duffe O-connefs sons, and Mac Dubhgall guiding them, 
neuerthelesse at last their aduersaries turned their faces against them, 
so that they were scattered att Cluain-Corr, and Mac-Dubhgall was 
taken prisoner, and Dubhgall gruama mac swine his son was killed, 
and fine or six galloglasses more, and Daniel macBossa m"" ffelim Clery 
O'Coner was wounded. Magnus 0-Flannagan's son, Buairy mac 
Tharrhaly of the easteme partye, wounded, and died of their wounds. 

Greate warrs in Desmond betwixt Mac-Carthy riauagh and Thady 
fitz Cormac mac-Carthy, so that Thady brought an Army into I-car- 
bry, and Maocarthy mores sonns with him, videlicet, Diarmoid and 
Cormac, so that the said armyes forlome hopes ouerruned as far as 
Glean*an-muiluin, and ttemeaiian, wherin Mac-earthy mores sonn 
riavagh ouertooke them, so that Diarmoid Mac-earthy mores son was 
slaine therin, he being forsaken by the multitude of the army, and 

also 



224 ^^ Annala of Ireland^ from the Year 1443 to 1468. 

also 1 5 of his men were killed, and that vnknowne to hia own army, 
and so it was afterwards, the army being followed to Balimudan on 
the banke of the Bluer Banda, therein being defeated, the two sonns of 
0-Sullevane de Gleann-bethy were slaine, and two sonns to the son of 
Buadhy 0-Sullevane killed also, and Thady O-SuUeuane son to O'Sul- 
levane more was taken prisoner, and Daniel fitz Cormac-na-coilley - 
Max:-carthy et alii multi Nobiles et Ignobiles. 

Walter fitz Edmond Bunrke was killed by a fall. 

William Dalton slaine at wan shot of an arrow. 

The Duke of Yorke came to Irland in this Sumer with greate 
glory and pompe, and the Comissioners of Irland came to his house, 
and the Irish in the borders of Meath came also to his house, and 
very many beeves was giuen to him for y* maintenance of the Kings 
Kichtin \sic\. 

A preying army made by the sons of Walter Bourke against Balin* 
clare, so that they preyed and burnt that same town first, and after 
that, Mac-william of Clanricard met them, and Felim son to O'Con- 
ner-Donn, and the horsemen of Ichtyr-Connacht, after the town was 
burnt, Mac William's soils were broken at last by force of the huge 
multitudes of armed men casting and shooting at them before and 
behind, and after they escaped afarr of by military strenght and pru- 
dence, fighting most manfully, the two sons of Mac- William Burke 
were slaine viz. Thomas and Meigler, then also Edmond m* William 
was taken prisoner, and Megler son to Mac- Johnyne, and his son, and 
they lost the matter of 55 men both captives, and slaine. 

Breassal 0-Keally was taken prisoner by Mac-William of Clan- 
ricard, William Burks son, and was giuen into his brother in law, 
.1. Maeleaghlyn fitz William 0-Kelly, and rescued forcibly by Mac- 
William of Clanricard, after he has [had] done much hurt, sueing him. 

Catiline, daughter to Mac- William of Clanricard, (to wit) Wil- 
liam Bourke Maeleaghlyn 0-Kellyes wife quievit. 

The 



The Annals of Ireland^ from the Year 1443 to 1468. 225 

The two sons of Loghlin O'Ruairc King of east [west ?] Brefny 
slaine by ffeara-managh, they visiting some of their acquaintance in 
that country. 

-^ngus m® Magnusa 0-huiginn was murthered by the sonns of 
Amhly oge 0-Kennedy. 

A prey taken by Magoreachty, and by the sonns of 0-Kelly, from 
Sil-mavil-ruain at night, butO-connerDonn overtooke them, and ffelim 
Terlagh Carrach o-conner's son, and they sent drowers with the 
prey, vnknowne to their enemies, and they themselves stayed with 
the pursuers, so that O-conner was wounded, and Terlagh Carragh 
o-conners son, and Felim O-Conners horse was slaine, with 5 or 6 of 
their men also, and scattered them. Another prey after that taken by 
0-Kellye's sons, and by ffeargal roe Mageochagan, from the people of 
Liatrim, and Donnagh fitz jEdh, fitz Cathal O-conner pursueing them, 
was slaine by Feargall roe by wan blow of a speare, and brought 
away his horse afterwards. 

Greate preyes taken by Lysagh fitz Rossa fitz Conner in or from 
the Sonnagh. Another prey taken by him from the sons of Diarmaid 
Caech O-fieargail. 

0-Fialan and Gille-Christ Mac-an-baird, mortui sunt. 

1450. Annus Jubilaeus, and many Irishmen went to Rome, towit, 
Maguire King of Fearmanagh, and 0-fflanagan of Tuaraha, et alii, 

A hard warrlike yeare was this, with many storms, and great losse 
of cattle. 

Conner O'Daniel, that ought to be King of Tirconell, and the 
Bishop 0-Gallagher, and the Abbot of -^sroe died. 

Tuathal 0-huigginn qui fuit caput sui nationis, and chiefe master 
of the -^sdana of Irland, died of a short decease [disease]. Ruairy 
oge 0-huigginn toUitur de medio. 

0-Daly Chief Dan-maker [i. e. poet] of the Earl of Desmond 
mortuus est. 

JBiaH ABCH. SOG. MISCELL* VOL. I. 2 G MaC 



226 The Annals of Ireland, from the Year 1443 to 1468. 

Mac Eochagans son tooke greate spoiles from the English, he 
preyed and burned Rath-quary, and Kill-Lucain, and Baliportell, and 
Bailly-na-ngall-oirgiallagh and Killbiggsy, and Carbry fitz Lysagh filz 
Rossa was taken prisoner in that warr, and the two sons of the son of 
Teabot fitz Hubatt Dalton by him also, and Brian fitzLysagh fitz Eossa, 
was killed also by him in Balimore-Locha-Semdy, and not that onely, 
it is diificult to gett an account of all that was by him spoiled in that 
warr. Then came the English of Meath, and the Duke of Yorke, and 
the Kings colours to MuUengar and Mageochagans son with a greate 
many horsemen well mounted and armed came to Belatha-glasama- 
ragh to mett the English. But the English made peace with him for 
giuing him all the spoyles he has done for graunting to them that peace. 

Johnine mac Cormaic and Donnagh fitz Nicol, fitz Brigdin Mac 
Carmaic were slaine by Lysagh fitz Rossa. 

Greate warr in Mimtir-Eoluis, wherby much hurt was sustained 
betwixt them, for Mag-Ranyll himselfe was taken prisoner by Cathal 
Mag-Ranyll and by 0-Ruairc. 

Greate warr in Maghery-Connaght betwixt the two O-Conners 
and O-Conners roe his sons on the weasterne partie against their own 
brother, so that Thady 0-conner and his sonns tooke preyes by that 
warr, and the preyes of Tirbriuin eastwards, and other preyes west- 
ward from Balintober taken by Cathal roe O-Conner's son, and by 
0-conner was taken the prey of Kill-erney from Dannagh-Duffsuilagh 
son to 0-Conner Roe, that was his own cousin, and they tooke another 
prey from Baslick, then came from Ighter-Connaght to Maghery- 
Connacht Brian m® Donnagh with an army assisting to O-Conner 
Donn, wherby they spoild com, and burnt towns. 

All the King of Englands Conquest in France was taken from 
him, but only Calice, 3 1 40 men being slaine in Roan, and Lord flEum- 
well waa taken prisoner therin, as we haue heard from pilgrims at 
Rome, and the Duke of Southern, and the Bishop of Winchester were 

killed 



The Annals qflreland^ from the year 1443 to 1468, 227 

killed by the King's Counsellers, not Licenced by the King, and it 
was reported that the said Duke and Bishop had sould Roun to the 
Frenchmen, and therefore they were put to Death, so that many in 
England raised rebellion against their King for that fact, and Sir 
Richard Mortimer rebelled against him too, so that the King was 
persuaded to make a greate Dich on the east side of London, then 
the Duke of Yorke's force left - • Irland through these teedings. 

Mac-an-tidany of the Tuathas, Mac^Morris of the Bryes, William 
Mac Dauid, Magnus sons son to Cathal 0-Conner, Mac-Loghlyn of 
Moy-Luirg, Edmond son to .^dh boy 0-Kelly, they all six died. 

OTlaiiagan of Tuath-ratha died in Rome. 

The Archbishop of Connaght, son to the Parson son to Mac- 
Johnine Bourke, died in Gallway, 

1451. A gracious yeare this yeare was, though the glory and 
solace of the Irish was sett by, the Glory of heauen was amplyfied and 
extolled therin, and although this is a yeare of grace or tb with the 
Roman Church, it is an ungratious, and vnglorious yeare to all the 
Learned in bland, both philosophers, poets, guests, strangers, reli- 
gious persons, souldiers, mendicant or poore orders, and to all 
manner and sorts of the poore in Irland also ; for the generall sup- 
port of their maintainances decease, to wit Margarett daughter 
to Thady 0-Carole King of Ely, 0-Conner flFaly Calwaghs wife, a 
woman that never refused any man in the world for any thing that 
shee might command, onely besides her own body. It is shee that 
twice in one yeare proclaimed to, and comonly invited, (.1. in the 
darke dayes [of the, Duhl. MS] yeare) to wit, on the feast day of 
Dasinchell in Killaichy all persons both Irish and Scotish or rather 
Albians, to two generall feasts of bestowing both meate andmoneyes 
with all other manner of guifts, wherinto gathered to receue gifts the 
matter of two thousand and seauen hundred persons, besides gam- 
sters and poore men, as it was recorded in a Roll to that purpose, and 

2 G 2 that 



228 The Annals oflrdand^ from the Year 1443 to 1468. 

that account was made thus, ut vidimus (viz.) the Chieftaine of each 
famelie of the Learned Irish, was by Gilla-na-naomh mac jEgans 
hand writen in that Roll, the chiefe Judg to 0-Conner and his adhe- 
rents, and kinsmen, so that the aforesaid number of 2700 was listed 
in that Roll with the arts of Dan or poetry, musick and Antiquitie. 
And Maelyn O-Maelconry one of the chiefe learned of Connaght, was 
the first writen in that Roll and first payed and dieted or sett to super, 
and those of his name after him, and so forth, every one, as he was 
payed, he was writen in that Roll, for feare of mistake, and sett downe 
to eate afterwards, and Margarett on the garretts of the greate church 
of Da SinceaU clad in cloath of gold, her deerest friends about her, 
her clergy and Judges too, Calwagh himselfe being on horseback by 
the churchs outward side, to the end, that all things might be done 
orderly, and each one serued successiuely ; and first of all she gave 
two chalices of gold as offerings that day on the Altar to God Al- 
mighty, and she also caused to nurse or foster two young orphans. But 
so it was, we never saw, nor heard neither the like of that day, nor 
comparable to its glory and solace. And she gaue the second inviting 
proclamation (to every one that came not that day) on the feast day 
of the Assumpon of our blessed Lady Mary in haruest at, or in Rath- 
Imayn. And so we haue been informed, that that second day in Rath- 
Imayn, was nothing inferiour to the first day, and she was the onely 
woman that has made most of preparing high-wayes, and erecting 
bridges, churches and mass-bookes, and of all manner of things pro- 
fittable to seme God, and her soule, and not that onely, but while 
the world stands, her very many gifts to the Irish and Scotish Nations 
shall never be numbred. God's blessing, the blessings of all saints, 
and every one, blessing from Jerusalem to Inis Glaaire be on her 
going to heauen, and blessed be he that will reade and heare this, for 
blessing her soule, and cursed be that sore in her breast, that killed 
Margrett. 

Felim 



The Annals of Ireland^ fromfKe Year 1443 to 1468. 229 

Felim son to Calwagh 0-Conner and to Margarett aforesaid, the 
onely Kings son, that has got most fame, reputation, and notable name 
and that was most couragious, that lined of the Lagenians in later 
ages died ; and there was but one night betwixt his and his mothers 
death. 

Morragh 0-Madagan King of Silnanmchada a hospital man 
towards all men, and the onely man in all Ireland that had best 
comaund, right and rule in his own land, and a most couragious lord, 
and very good housekeeper 'was he also, died. 

Ruairy son to Maglmordha Riavagh 0-conner died. 
Redmond Tirel Lord of Feara-tulagh, and his Cousins son, were 
murthered in Symonstown by the Barron of Delbhnas son, and by 
the sons of Garett boy Tirel, and by the sons son of Sir Hugh Tirel. 
And the Earle of Ormond, made Richard son to Richard Tirel 
to be chiefe of the Tirels, nevertheles he was imediately slaine by 
Mac-eochagan and by Mac-eochagan's son, and by John Tirels son, 
and by the sons of Redmond Tirel, and John Tirels son was after- 
wards made Chiefe taine of the Tirels. 

The Castle of Balinua alias Newtowne was taken by the sonns 
of Brian Mageochagan, and by the son of Lysagh m* Rossa that was 
therin in restraint, and it was taken from jr" the same day, and Con- 
ner sons son to Brien Mageochagan was blinded and gelded after- 
wards by Mageochagans son. 

William Butler went a preying to Maghery-Cuircney, and Fachtna 
fitz Lysagh fitz Rossa was slaine in his pursuance. 

The Castle of Imper fell downe in the heads of Nicolas Dalton, 
and his wife Daniel boy o ffeargails daughter, so they were both 
slaine therin. 

Create warr in Maynagh* and 0-Conner Donn went to defend 

0-Kelly, 

■ Maynaghy L e. H j Many, O'Kellj's countiy. 



230 The Annals of Ireland^ from the Year 1443 '^ 1468. 

0-Kelly, 80 that he gaue him his son, and two other pledges pri- 
soners, in pawn of twenty marks, to wit fourteen marks of the 
Lands of the Sithy, that those of Maynagh purchased from Torlagh 
oge afore that time (and JEdh 0-Conner redeemed that or it) and six 
marks more on Mac-eochy by that warr ; and so he defended 0-Kelly 
from his adversaries, for that tume. 

The Castle of Corra-finny built by Mac-william of Clanricard. 

Cathal Duffe fita Tomalty oge mac Donnaghy being slaine, 

Cathal fitz Brian mac Donnaghy slaine by his own father Brian 
aforesaid by the cast of a knife, he rescueing his protection. 

Maeleachlyn O'Berns three sons, viz. Thady, William, and Don- 
nagh being slaine at once in Cluain-cremha**, by Cormac O-Bems sept 
and by MaBleaghl3ni MagranyUs sept, and by Daniel fitz Brian 0-Bim. 

A prey taken by Felim 0-Conner from 0-Gara, and a prey taken 
by 0-Gara from the people of Balimore-I-fflyn. 

Macdermott taken with a heauy siknes, so that the report of his 
death flew ouer all Irland, although he has recouered afterwards. 

Calwagh 0-conner went to the Ciuity of S. James in Spaine, and 
returned in health, after receuing indulgences in his sinns, and after- 
wards marryed he O-Kell/s daughter Catherine, 0-Madadhans re- 
lict or widdow. 

Diarmoid fitz Thady fitz Cormack Mac-Carthy, being slaine, and 
Diarmoid son to O-SuUevane the Create was killed in revenge therof. 

Redmond son to William Mac-ffeorius (Anglic^ Bermingham), 
died on his joumy from Rome after obtaining the Archbishoprick 
of Tuam. 

Cathal roe fitz Cathal duffe 0-Conner died on [his journey to or 

from]*^ the way of Rome. 

Gillepatrick 

** GucUn Cremha, now Clooncraff, a common, 
parish near Elphin in the county of Bos- ® In the autograph copy in the Bri- 



The Annals of Irdand, from the Year 1443 to 1468. 231 

Gillepatrick oge 0-Fialan a good Danmaker [i. e. poet], died. 

1452. John mac Donnaghy, halfe King of 0-Oilella died. More 
daughter to 0-Conner flfaly, Mac William of Clanricards wife killed 
by a fall. 

Thady fitz Diarmoid roe I-conner Donn died. 

Neachtyn 0-Domnayll King of Tirconnell, was killed by the 
sons of Niall-Garw 0-Donnell his own brother and Rory Neach- 
tyns son was made King in his throne, and the one halfe of Tirco- 
neU was giuen to Niall Garws son, and Kenel-moan and Inis-eogain 
taken from them by Clanna-Nell afterwards. 

Torlagh roe son to Brian Ballagh 0-Conner, and Thorlagh fitz 
Thady fitz Torlagh roe 0-Conner, and Henry fitz- William Mac- 
David, being killed on Corr-Sliaw-na-Seagsa by the Army of Clann- 
Donnaghy in Sufaer. 

Maurice the Earl of Desmonds son being slaine on Yaithny by 
Conner O-maelrian, after the Castle of Vaithny was broken on Con- 
ner by the two Earls, Maurice, onely, returning against the pursuers, 
unknowne to his own men, and one of the pursuers wounded his 
horse, and fell down and was killed. John Cleragh son to the said 
Earl died. 

A defeate giuen to Conner O-maelrian after that by the sons of 

and Conner escaped by the goodnesse of his horse, and there 

was killed his two sonns and 34 of the best men of their Army, and 
all their foot were slaine too and he that has [sic] beatesi the Earles 
son was cutt in pieces afterwards. 

Dauid 0-mordha son to the King of Lysy, and one that ought to 
be king of Lysy was slaine by a falL 

Cathal 

tish Museum, the words above printed rentlj in the same hand-writing, but 
within brackets are written oyer the smaller, 
words " on the way of Borne," appa- 



1^2 The Annals of Irdandj from the Year 1443 to 1468. 

Cathal fitz-william, fitz John fitz Daniel 0-Feargail, was killed by 
throwing a dart at him after they haue [^sic] burned Fobhyr. 

Gille-na-naemh fitz-^Edh 0-hanly Dux of Kenel-Doffa died in 
Cluain-Corpey, he being blind therin for a long time after resigning 
his Lordship. 

Mac-Feorais his son, and Piers son to Meyler Mac-ffeorais haue 
taken 0-Conner ffaly prisoner in the pursuance of their prey, which 
he tooke from them. 

A wonderfuU presage happened this yeare afore the Eaxls de- 
cease, viz. the River Liffey being dry all ouer, for the space of two 
miles. 

The Earle of Ormond, lord Deputy of Irland by the Authority of 
the King of England, and the best Captaine of the English nation that 
was in Irland and England in those ages, died in Ath-fir-dia-fitz- 
Daraan betwixt the two feasts of S. Mary in haruest, after he has 
[sic\ broken the Castle of Vaithny on Conner O-maelrian, and taken 
the Castle of Legey** from the 0-Dimasyes, vntU they licenced him to 
passe by, to Airemh* to gett out Mac-ffeorais his son that was therin 
prisoner, so that he burned Aireamh afterwards, and marched thence 
tol-ffaly, and 0-conner came to him as assurance of the releasement of 
Mac-ffeorais his son, and went thence to the Angaly, wherin 0-ffeargyl 
came to him, and promised pine score beeues, for to graunt him peace, 
and thence marched they both to Magh-bregmany so that the Castle of 
Barrca was broken by them, and the most parte of the Countr3nnen8 
corn was spoild, after y*, and went from thence to Fobhar, and thence 
to Magh-many, so that Muintir-Reily came to his house and agreed 
with him, and thence to Maghery-orgiall, wherin the Mac-Mahons 
satisfied him, and thence to the meeting cff Clanna-nell, and caused 

Henry 

* Z^eyj now Ley. • Airemh, — Iry in Clanmaliere. 



The Annals of Ireland^ from the Year 1443 to 1468. 233 

Henry 0-nell to diuorce Mac- William Burkes daughter, whom he 
kept after 0-Domnyll, and to take to him, his own married wife, Mac- 
Morragh his daughter, sister to the selfe said Earl, and marched 
thence to Baliathafirdia mac Daman, wherin he died afterwards, after 
he has [had] don theise journeyes within one moneth and a halfe. 
The daughter of the Earl of Kildara the Countesse of Ormond, died 
three weeks before the Earles death. 

Carbry fitz Lysagh fitz Rossa being prisoner to Thomas fitz 
Cathal 0-Feargyl was gelded as revenge, in that he brought the Earl 
to breake Barrca. 

The peace betwixt English and Irish broke out into warrs 
after the Earls death, and Sir Edward Eustace was made Lord 
deputy. 0-conner flfaley went out to the wildemesse of Boldare, 
wherin they lighted from their horses, expecting beverage, and the 
said new lord Deputy being informed therof, came with an army, 
vnawares to 0-Conner, and 0-Conner falling from his horse by mis- 
hap of his own horsemen, and Thady 0-Conners son, most coura- 
giously worked to- rescue his father from the English horsemen, but 
O-Conners horse fell thrice down to the ground, and Thady put him 
upp twice, and 0-Conner him selfe would not giue his consent the 
third time to goe with him, so that then 0-Conner was taken prisoner, 
and his horsemen retired in safty towards their own houses afterwards. 

Loughlin oge 0-hanly the Chieftaine of Kenel-doflfa was wick- 
edly slaine vpon the Crannog of Logh-lesey, by the son of Morragh 
fitz Gille-na-nsemh 0-hanly, and by Vaithny fitz Gille na nsemh 
0-Hanleys son, he being, but few men, and betrayed by his owne 
sargeants, viz. by Daniel Carragh O-mselbridy, and by his son, and 
by Thomas fitz Gillecrosach O-maelbridy ; and Ruairy boy Gille na 
naemh 0-Hanleys son was made Duke [i. e. Dux or chieftain] after- 
wards, and the three said sargents that comitted the murther, was 
[were] by him hanged. 
IRISH ARCH. soG. MicELL. VOL. I. 2 H William 



234 The Annals of Irdand^from the Year 1443 ^ 1468. 

William fitz Walter Mac-ffeory Laighnagh died by the plague. 

0-Conner ffaly was released by the English againe. 

Nichol Dalton was killed by Mac herbertt 

Tegh-muna preyed, and burnt by Feargal Mageochagan. 

Felim O-Conner roe his son, and Cathal roe son to the said 
0-Conner, became as souldiers to Lysagh fitz Bossa, to oppose 
Thomas fitz Cathal O-Feargyl that was enimy to them both, so that 
they burnt the Mothar first, and afterwards marched they together, 
to Kenel-fiagha and the sonns of the Barron of Dealbhna with them, 

to Bali-atha-an-vraghyr, and that town. But so it was, 

Fergal Mageochagan mett them at Bel-an-Atha-Soluis in Kenel- 
enda, wherin some of their men was slaine, and many of them 
wounded, then the reare of that host, with its danger was left to 
the charge of Oconners sons, and the English fled. But that coura- 
gious Champion Felim, son to 0-Conner, kept the rere of the English 
army, and forcibly brought them out of that danger, and two or three 
were slaine of the Army of O-Conners son about ^Engus Carragh 
m*^ Daniel Galloglagh and Felim being wounded escaped, neverthe- 
lesse, he died of his wounds and was buried in Ath-lone. 

A defeate called maidhm-an-esg (.1. the defeate of the fish) giuen 
to Feargal Mageochagan ag^ Lysagh fitz Rossa, and the Dillons, and 
and the sons son of Art O-maelaghlyn, so it was, certaine Enghsh 
Marchants, accompan3dng them, to be by them conweyed, haueing 
bigg packs of fish, carying them from Athlone, to Athtrym, and 
to Athboy, and to Ath-cliath, .1. Dublin, and Mageochagans son 
mett them at the Leaccain of the Rubha, so that every one - of 
the horsemen ran away and left all their foot behinde them, with 
their marchants also to Mageochagans sons mercy, so that they were 
slaughtered about Redmond Dufiuylagh fitz Cormac more fitz wil- 
liam fitz Cathal O ffeargyl, and about the son of Vaithny fitz Rossa 
fitz Conner, and about Cathal fitz Many fitz Murchadh bane O-ffear- 



The Armala of Ireland^ from the Year 1443 to 1468. 235 

gyl, and 14 of his own men with him, and noe man lining shall giue 
a account of the multitude of eeles lost or left therein, wherefore 
that defeate was called iruiidm an-esg as aforesaid. 

Maelaghlyn fitz Irard O-maelconry died on the feast day of S. 
Michael the Archangel, on fryday. Michael helpe his soule. 

Brian son to Calwagh 0-Conner and to Margrett killed by a fall. 

O'Coflfy .1. iEdh son to the Classagh O-Coffjr a good feardana 
and housekeeper died of the plague in Fera-Tulagh. 

Cuconnacht 0-Fialan, and Gille-iosa 0-Fialan died. 

O'Duibhgenan of Balicoll)rfo wer, .1. Magnus fitz Maelaghlyns son 
died. 

Warr in Maghery Connacht, and Tulagh-I-maelbrenyn was preyed 
and burnt by Felim 0-Connor. ilEdh casch 0-Conners sons were 
banished by Felim 0-conner Donns son, lands taken from them, and 
to them giuen againe. 

The Castle of Roscoman taken by the sons of Eogan fitz Ruairy 
0-conner, from Ruairy fitz Cathal fitz Ruairy more 0-Coner by de- 
ceite. 

Feargal roe oge, fitz ffeargal roe, fitz Feargal roe fitz Donnagh, 
fitz Morthy more Mageochagan, the onely Captaine that was most 
famous and renowned in all Irland, in his own dayes, was slaine in 
the later end of this yeare by the Baron of Delbhnas sonn and by the 
sons of Piers Dalton, he being by night time in the Sonnagh, so that, 
that night the English gathered against him, and the next day killed 
him, and [he] was beheaded, and his head was caried to Athtrym, and 
to Athcliath, viz. Dublin, and was caried back to the Lord Deputy, 
and many good peeces on it, and in its pores, and afterwards, was 
buried in Durmay of Columb KiUey, with its body, and Grod be mer- 
cifull to his soule. 

Mac-Carthy riavagh King of Carbry died. 

1453. R^a^ fitz iEdh-0-Conner slaine by John Bourks son, in 

2 H 2 Conmacny 



236 The Annals of Ireland^ from the Year 1443 to 1468 

Conmacny de Dunmore. Ruairy fitz Cathal fitz Ruairy 0-conner 
died in the Castle of Rosscoman. 

MSh roe fitz Ruairy mag-mahon King of Orgiall died on Easter 
night. 

0-Madadhan taken prisoner by William O-Kellyes sonns. 

Walter fitz Tibott fitz Edmond Bourke slaine by Thomas Barrett. 

Mortagh fitz Eogan fitz Daniel o-coner was killed by his own 
kinsmen Daniel and Cathal. 

Eogan fitz Daniel bane-o-Reily, and Philipp fitz John 0-Reily died. 

Edmond fitz Terlagh 0-Ruairc \recte O'Reilly] killed by the 
English. 

A greate defeate giuen to the sonns of ^Edh boy 0-nell, at Ard- 
glassy by the Sauages, and by the English of Dublin. A greate fleet 
sayled on the sea northward after the skippers of the Britons by 
whom the shipps of Dublin were stolen, and by whom the Archbi- 
shop of Dublin was taken prisoner, vntill misfortune brought them in 
their vnhappy meeting to Ardglassy, wherin their Grenerall [i. e. the 
Greneral of the Irish] was taken prisoner, viz. Henry sons son to 
0-nell boy, and wherin was slaine Cv-vladh fitz Cathbarr magenis 
that ought be King of luaagh in Vlster, uEdh magennis, and Mac- 
airtnen, and fourteen captains of Rowta Mac-evilin, with them also 
slaine, all their losses being 520 persons, ut audivimus. 

Brian fitz Conner Mac-Donnaghy tooke the whole domination of 
0-Oilella (viz. TirereU), and Thady Mac Donnagh was forsaken by 
his owne friends. 

A thunderbolt burnt the Church of Kill i c nech. An 

eclips of the sun, the last of November. 

Mac Donnagh died in fine Anni. 

1454. Isabell (daughter to Thady 0-carole whose first husband 
was James 0-Kennedy, her second husband Mageochagan) died. 
God rest her soule. 

Maelruany 



The Annals of Ireland^ from the Year 1443 to 1468. 237 

MsBlmany son to Magranyll (anglice Reynolds) mortuus est. 

Daniel 0-Donell was made King against Rowry 0-Donell, but 
O-Dogherty (by deceite) tooke the said Daniel prisoner in his own 
house after y*. Then Rowry gathered Mac Vgilin, and 0-Cahan 
with their forces, and they altogether went, and besiedged 0-Dogher- 
tyes castle, [Inch] wherin the said Daniel 0-Donell was kept, and 
few men (as keepers and wayters) with him, aboute Cathal 0-Duff- 
'dirma. Rowry coming to the Castle did bume the tower dore, 
wherby the stayres was sett on fire so that the host could not enter 
the Castle ; in the meane time Daniel desired Cathal 0-Duffdirma 
to loose his fetters, saying, that it was more decent for him to be so 
slaine, than in his givves. Soe Cathal taking compassion on his cause, 
and certifying himselfe that he could not escape by any meanes, but 
that he should be slaine as soone as his enimyes should met him 
within the Castle, loosed his irons. Then imediately Daniel went to 
the topp of the tower, where he ^^ the onely happiest throw 
or cast (that was ever cast in Irland, since Ludh lamoda cast the 
tathluibh) towards Rowry, and hit him with a greate stone, so that 
he was instantly bruised all to the ground, so that neither Priest 
nor Clarke might find him aliue, and by that throw Daniel defended 
his own soule and body with the Lordship of Tirconnell to himselfe, 
and the Army that came full of pride and boasting retired with 
saddnesse and disdaine. 

Brian Mac-Donnagh sole King of 0-Oilealla died by stranguria 
on friday before the Kalends of January in the subsequent yeare, 
and sure the yeare charged her due vnlookyly, thorough the de- 
cease of the only most hospital and valiantest man, that had best 
comaimd, law, and rule in all Connaght, and was buried in the 
Monastery of Sligo, after the extreame vnction, and due penance 
to God and to the Catholick Church. God's blessing be on him, to 
heauen. 

Thomas 



238 The Annals of Ireland, from the Year 1443 to 1468. 

Thomas fitz John fitz Meyler dexter Lord of Ath-Lehan, in 
senectute bona quievit. 

Duflfcawly daughter to Eogan fitz Daniel fitz Morthy 0-Conner 
O-haras wife died^ whose decease greened many of the Irish. 

iEdh son to Niall O-maehnoy King of Fer-kell, died, and his son 
Cu-cogry supplyed his place. An army made by the said Cucogry 
towards the east of Fer-kell, against Tibott O-maelmoy, another chal- 
lenger of that Lordship of Fer-kell, and they took greate preyes, 
Tibott leaning his honlds and cowes to their pleasures, and the Army 
marched away with their booties, so that w*** 0-maelmoyes son was 
left but few men on the tract of the preyes, his men being gone 
with too much pillage. Tibott O-maelmoy, and iEdh boy Mageocha- 
gans sons, and the I-Riagans, pursueing *the said preyes, ouertooke 
Omaelmoyes son iust by a bogg, and killed him therin, and they 
tooke Thady O-Carole prisoner, and kiUed others. And afterwards 
the said Tibott, and the sons son of Cosny O-msehnoy were pn> 
cla3rmed kings or lords, each against one another. 

0-Domnallan, .i. Flann fitz Cormac O'DomnaJlan died. 

Dunadhagh fitz Cathal OMadadhan slaine by William O-Eellyes 
sons. 

Sir Edward Eustace Deputy of Irland died, and Shane Cam the 
Earls son, took to Earldome of Kildare, and was made Deputy after 
the death of Sir Edward Eustace. 

OBroin slaine by deceit, thorough the malice of his own bro- 
thers son, he coming from Eillmantan. 

Daniel Bane 0-Reily died. 

Torlagh Dall fitz Torlagh oge Oconner died of a short sick- 

nesse. 

Terlagh fitz Morthy fitz ^Edh OConner was killed by the Claim 
Kehemyes. 

Feargal roe Mageochagan, resigning his Lordship, went to Dur- 

magh 



TheAnruds of Irdandy from the Year 1443 to 1468. 239 

magh of Colum-Eilly, he being blind, and Niall Mageochagan in his 
seate. 

Scor-mor sub advocatione Sanctissimse Trinitatis habetur in Re- 
gistro Vaticano Bulla Nicholai 5, data Romee pridie idus Decem- 
bris anno 8 Pontificatus, atque adeo 1454, in qua Pontifex narratiuam 
supplicationem praemisit. Hi erant fratres, frater Eugenius O-Cor- 
niyn, et frater Thadaeus Mac Firbisis Eremitse Ordinis S. Augustini 
qui terram quondam nuncupatam Scor-more a nobili viro Thadaso 
0-Dovda Domicello DiocaBsis Aladensis donatum ad erigendum 
Conventum sub titulo Sanctissimae Trinitatis, absque licencia Aposto- 
lical Sedis acceptauerunt, eos absolutionem reatos cofoisit, et con- 
finnationem donationis petentes Nicolaus exaudiuit, et Praeposito 
EcclesiaB Aladensis executitoem remisit (in nomine Domini) Conce- 
dens fratribus, vt naviculam habere possent pro piscibus ex quodam 
flujnine prope ipsum locum cursum faciente capiendis et salsandis, et 
per venditionem cponendis ad vsum et vtilitatem fratrum eorundem. 
Ita habetur in nostris Annalibus (inquit) frater Gvalelmus 0-Meahayr. 

1455. An eclips of the moone on the first day of May. 

Torlagh Carragh fitz Daniel fitz Mortagh 0-Conner lord of Sligo, 
died. 

Caher fitz Murragh-I-Conner ffaly was killed by Thady fitz Cal- 
wagh-I-Conner, and Culen O-Dimosy was also by him slaine in the 
same day. 

Eogan 0-nell was deposed by his own son Henry 0-nell. Henry 
sons son to 0-nell boy escaped out of his giuues from the Eng- 
lish. 

The Castle of Athlone was taken from the English, it being be- 
trayed by a woman therin. 

The Castle of Sraide was broken by 0-fieargall, whereby Mac 
herberts son was killed. 

Mac Dermoda Grail Lord of Artagh died. 

Thomas 



240 The Annals of Ireland, from the Year 1443 *^ 1468. 

Thomas O-Camen Prior of Athlone the chiefe in wisdome and 
knowledge of all Irland in Christo quievit. 

Jeffrey fitz Moragh oge fitz Morragh More fitz Cathal Lord of 
Clann-^dha of the mountaine quievit. 

Eogan Mac Dermoda roe Lord of the woods was slaine by his 
own men. 

1456. Feargal fitz Conner Mac Dermoda, the second .1. tanista of 
Maghluyrg and Catharine his daughter Carbry 0-Conners wife both 
died, in the beginning of this yeare. Jonyne fitz Thomas Burke 
died. 

1457. Brian fitz Morthagh oge 0-ffeargal, Dux of Clann-amly 
o-ffeargal, died. 

1458. Tomaltagh fitz Conner Mac-Dermoda King of Magh Luyrg 
and Artagh, and of Correnn, and of Tirtuahayl, and of a greate parte 
of Clan Cahyl, and a lord worthy of y* kingdome of Connaght, tho- 
rough his greate expences in Almesdeeds, hospitalitie, gifts, wages, 
or meanes to all manner of men in Irland that pleased to accept it of 
him, died, on the feast day of S. Bartholomew in haruest, and his sonn 
Cahal Mac Dermoda died few dayes afore him, and they were both 
buried in the Abbey of Boyle. The blessed, and holy Trinitie be mer- 
cifull to their soules in ssecula sseculorum. Amen. jEdh fitz Conner 
Mac Dermoda was made King in his throne. 

Calwagh the greate fitz Morragh na madhman (.1. of the defeats) 
King of 0-faly, who never refused any man living, died, and it was he 
since Chaher the Greate his Ancestor King of Ireland, the onely King 
of the Lagenians, that tooke most from all such English and Irish his 
adversaryes, and he also was the onely man that bestowed most, of 
both gold, silver, and broade cloath, to all men generally in Irland, 
and God (in whose power it is) rewarde his soule. Amen. And afore 
his death, he ordained Conn O-Conner his own son to supply his 
place afterwards he was buried in Kill-aichy. God rest his soule. 

Edmond 



The Annals of Ireland, from the Year 1443 to 1468. 241 

Edmond Burke Lord of the English in Connaght, and of many 
Irish men also, and the onely English man in Irland worthy to be 
chosen chiefe for his formositie and proportion of person generosity, 
hospitalitie, constancie, truth, gentilitie of blood, martial feates, and 
for all qualities by which man might meritt prayse died in the later 
end of this yeare. Gods blessing be on him. 

Feargal roe Mageoghagan Dux of Kenel fiacha xiiii^ Kal. febru- 
arij died. God blesse his soule. 

1459. Cu-mara Mac Con-mara slaine thorough deceit. 
Muiredhach 0-Daly, learned in his own art, died. 

Connla Mageoghagan Dux of Kenel fiacha, slaine by Art O-Mas- 
laghlyns son. 

1 460. The Monastery of Moyn in Tirawly, in the Bishoprick of 
Killala erected by Mac- William Burke by the advise of Nehemias 
0-Donnaghada, the first Provincial vicar of the order of S. Frances 
de Obseryantia in Irland. 

Thomas fitz Thomas Burke, that was Mac-William Bourk after 
Edmond Bourke, died in hoc anno. 

Mac Caba, .i. Henry fitz Gille Christ came into the Angaly, with 
0-ffeargal, viz. Donell boy, and died a sudden death in Lis-ard-Aula, 
and was carried, to be buried in Cavan, and we heard, that there 
was the number of 280 axes or more about him going towards his 
buriall. 

Ruairy Ballagh Mortagh 0-Conners son died. 

The Provost of Oil-finn, viz. Ruairy fitz Magnus O'Conner 
quievit. 

Daniel fitz Dermoid 0-Mally, and William 0-Manly, and John 
0-Manly sayled a fleet with O-Brians sons, to Corca-Baskyn, against 
Mac-mahon, and they were all three killed afore they might inter 
their shipps, and Daniel 0-Brian was taken prisoner, and Mahon 
0-Brian was wounded goeing towards his shipp, and was drowned 

IBISH ABCH. SOG. MI8GEIX. VOL. I. 2 1 aforC 



242 The Annals of Ireland^ from the Year 1443 to 1468. 

afore he could come therto, and their men were slaughtered, and 
the said Daniels death occasioned greate griefe to all receuers of 
gifts in Irland. Grod rest his soule. 

Mac Magnusa de Tirthuathyl, .1. Ruairy fitz Eogan roe mac mag- 
nusa fit chieftaine for that land, was killed by Conn 0-Donell and by 
Thady fitz T. o Ruairk, in pursueance or rather tract of the preyes of 
the coimtry, after they haue brought them as farr as Argadgleann, 
wherin they were manfully rescued by the Clann Magnusa. 

1461. -^dh Torlagh oge 0-Conner halfe King of Connacht 
(against Thady 0-Conner), and one well worthy of the kingdome 
of Irland for the excellent formositie of his person, his martiall feates, 
eloquence, affabilitie and hospitalitie to all receuers of gifts both rich 
and poore, died in the towne of tober-bride, comonly called Balen- 
tober on the Ide of May, after extreame unction, and penance, in the 
63 yeare of his age, and was buried in Rosscoman. 

Torlagh Carbragh 0-Donnell, King of Tirconell, had his mem- 
bers cutt of by the sonns of Niall 0-DonnelL 

Edmimd fitz Walter Burke was slaine. 

Feargal 0-Gara, that ought to be King of Culofinn, was killed 
by Mac-Gosdeln. 

Felim finn 0-Coners son, was taken prisoner by his own cousins 
.1. by the sons of Brian Ballach, and by Ruairy 0-Conner Donns son, 
in the beginning of this yeare, so that greate warrs, and comon 
troubles grew in Silmuiredhy afterwards, and Thady 0-Conner was 
taken prisoner thorough that warr by his own cousins or kinsmen, 
and by 0-Conner Donn. 

A defeate given to the English of Meath partelie, and to the 
Reilyes, by the English ot Vrgiall, and by the sons of Rowry Mag- 
mahon, wherin many were slaine and taken prisoners, whose names 
we know not. 

Another defeate given by 0-Reily and by Philipp Maguire, against 

the 



The Annals of Ireland^ from the Year 1443 to 1468. 243 

the sonns of Mdh magwire, wherin Maelaghlyn mac JEdha was taken 
prisoner, and other good men. 

Greate dearth, and very bad cheape throughout all Irland. 

The Saxons or English Domination was dissolued and spoilde, 
and the Duke of Yorke slaine, and many thousands of the English 
with him and the Earle of Ormond. 

The Bishopp of Killala, .1. 0-Coneoil was killed by Magnus 
0-Dowda his son. 

Maeleaghlyn, William 0-Kellyes son, was taken prisoner by the 
sons of Breasol 0-Kelly, and brought him to Teagh-da-Condy, and 
was rescued by the sons of Walter Bourk, and by Thady CaBch fitz 
William 0-Kelly. 

Cormac (sumamed the Lame) fitz Tomaltagh 0-Bim was slaine 
by the sons of M. Bim, in Raith-na-Romanach (viz. of the Bomans) 
on good friday, and they brought a preye of Cowes also. 

0-Daly of Corcomroa and Niall oge 0-huigginn, and Niall fitz 
Feargal oge 0-huiggin mortui sunt. 

The Deane O-Maeleoin, one most ingenious of all Irland, quievit 
in Christo, in Cluain (M® Nois-fitz-fidhy) of S. Kiaran. 

Mahon fitz William 0-fieargall died. 

Shane Carragh fitz Thady fitz William Mac Branan a couragious 
man died. 

Thomas fitz Augustine Mac-an-bard died. 

Muirgeas William 0-Flanagans son, priest of S. Kill, and the 
Chiefe of the Quire in Elphinn quievit, and the said Kill or Church 
was burnt in harvest following. 

A greate army gathered by Mac William Bourk and by his kins- 
men and marched towards Machery-Connaght, to release (by aggree- 
ment) Felim finn from Brian Ballaghs sons, and gaue him as much 
as he desired, and suretyes of the best of Connacht to make alj 
things good and true accordingly, and so he lett Felim out of his 

2 1 2 giuues, 



244 Tke Annals of Ireland^ from the Year 1443 to 1468. 

giuues, on Wednesday, and he brought all these potentates to Cam- 
fryh fitz fidhy, and Mac Dermoda did put on his shooe after buying it, 
and they tooke pledges from Ona fitz -^ngus his sept, and Mac Wil- 
liam retired homewards, after he has [had] left the said pledges in 
Brian Ballaghs sons hands. 0-Conner Boes sones, seeing that ex- 
traordinary proud crowning, they gaue the halfe town of Clare to 
0-Conner Donn, as ransome redeeming Thady O-Conner, and came 
they amongst the sons of Conner Mac-Branan on the Creaea, and ad- 
hered they to them ; Brians sonne haueing intelligence therof, he sent 
for Mac Dermoda, and for his men, and Bryan Dufie, and Felim finn 

came into that congregation, and 0-Conner Roes sons sent 

wherin a hot skirmish happened betwixt them, wherby 

they suffered greate losses on both sides, they being both weary of 
fighting departed at raitinach in the evening. 

The English of Meath and the Lagenians made greate warr, 
whereby a great parte of Meath was destroyed. ' 0-Conner ff'aly and 
Mac-Richard Butler, marched with an Army to Drum-torlingy, 1 000 
helmetts on horseback, vel plus, wherin they being shooeing their 
horses, their army and forlome hopes preying, and burning Meath, on 
all sides round about them, vntill it was later end of the day. By 
that warr was taken prisoner one of the sons of Felim fit^ Calway 
O-Conner, by John son to Mac Thomas. Nevertheless, the EngUsh 
gave much goods to O-Conner, for to graunte them peace, as it was 
accustomed by his predecessors oftentimes before that. 

Mageochagan tooke great preyes from the Baron of Delbhna, and 
took other great preyes from the Leyses, so that he ransacked the 
country as farr as Ethney. 

The. preyes of Ploman taken by the sons of Irial 0-Feargal, and 
by the youths of Clann-Shane, vnknowne to their fathers. 

j3Engus Magcraith, a notable man thorough all Ireland ouer, died 
in the prime of his happiness and teaching God rest his soule. 

Dermod 



The Annals of Irdamd^ from the Year 1443 to 1468. 245 

Dermod fitz Daniel fitz John fitz Sitryck O-Maelconry died. 

MsBlaghlyn fitz flann 0-Donellan died. 

A greate prey was taken from the people of Formayl, by Donell 
Cam Mac Donaghyes soils, and by parte of the soiis of Brian Mac 
Donnaghy. 

Magnus Brian O-Conners son Lord of Carbry died. 

Donnagh 0-Kelly was taken prisoner, by Clanmaicny-Eogyn and 
by the sons of ^dh fitz William 0-Kelly. 

Rathguairy was preyed and burnt by Mageoghagan. 

Clan-mleaghlyn was burned by Cathal magranyll, and by Brian 
Ballaghs sons ; they also killed some men. 

Donnagh 0-Kelly happily released and that beyond expectation. 

Tibott O-Maelmoy halfe king of Fer-Kell was killed by O-Mael- 
moy-na-Coilley. 

Mac Dermoda and his kinsmen tooke (by deceit) greate preyes 
from the sons of Ruairy Mac-Dermoda, so that all the country was 
made wast, both spirituall and temporall thorough their Dissentions, 
so that Mac-Dermoda, his kinsmen, and adherents in all the country 
both men and Catties, went to Clann-Conway. And the sons of Ruairy 
Mac Dermoda, and as many adhering to them, went to the woods of 
Corrslew, so that they betwixt them both, spoyld all Clergyes ecle- 
siasticall and temporall and layties vndoubtedly. Thady 0-Conner 
aforesaid, after the aboue mentioned skirmish, came towards Mac-Der- 
moda, and Brians son, and his own sons, asking restitution of his 
kingdome and name, and he was absolutely refused, then 0-Con- 
ners sons did forsake Brian Ballaghs sons, and they scattered among 
their friends on both sides. 

1462. Thady 0-Conner, and his kinsmen, and his sons came into 
the north parte of Balentober, they on Sunday in Corray gawann being 
stayed for victualls ; the sons of Brian Ballagh, Mac Dermoda, and 
Mac Branan, altogether went against them, not respecting the Lord's 

day. 



246 The Annals of Ireland^ from the Year 1443 to 1468. 

day. But so, it happily happened to them to haue a circumspectiue 
wach [watch], they making fires, and dressing their horses saw many 
footmen coming in hast towards them, ouer the topp of Cluanyn, before 
the body of the host Then 0-Conner and his kinsmen tooke to theire 
horses and marched manfully against their enimyes, betwixt whom 
happened a cruell skirmish. But God (whose day they abvsed) 
worked miraculously against Mac Branan, by beating him, with his 
men thorough the deepe riuer, but for that the riuer was neere to 
them, their losses might be much more ; they lost Sytrick Mac Sen- 
lyes son, and other goode persons of note, and 0-Conner went safe 
towards 0-hanley. 

Greate frost in this yeare, that slaughtered many flocks of birds 
in Irland, and it was vndissolued (partely) from the beginning of 
winter vntil the feast day of S. Bery, viz. the 14 or 15 day of 
february. 

Thady 0-Conner, his kinsmen, and sons, about Easter, defeated 
Brian Ballaghs sons, wherby was slaine Dermoid fitz Donagh sons 
son to Brian, an excellent son of a king, and John fitz Thady maC 
Tigernan-na-Corra, and they were all banished out of the country, 
and from all their goods. Thus farr, Briane Ballaghs sons reigne. 
The two sons of the said Briane fled towards Mac-branane on the 
Creaca. 

An army gathered by Mac- William of Clanricard towards Icarin, 
but O-Meachajrr and his confederats raysing against them, wherby 
William Bourk Mac Williams son was slaine by wan cast of a dart 
by 0-Meachayrs son, by which one throw, O-Meachayr escaped with 
his army. Thady 0-Meachyr King of Icarin died, and his son sup- 
plyed his place. 

Mac-Branane was forced to forsake Brian Ballaghs sons and they 
were proclaimed and chased from place to place, and Mac-Branane 
himself was banished out of his land, towards the Angaly, and 0-Fer- 

gal 



The Annals of Ireland, from the Year 1443 to 1468. 247 

gal friendly receued him, and gaue lands to his cattle, and quarters 
to his men, afterwards Mac branane and his kinsmen went to cer- 
taine villages in 0-Conners country and burnt some of them, 0-Con- 
nor haueing intelligence thereof, he being at Ardbema of Clancathyl, 
marched (to met him) towards the mountaine, and ouertooke them, 
and Mac-branane charged him, and gaue a smale touch of a speare to 
Felim in his knee, but Felim manfully spurred his horse against him, 
and soe he tooke Mac-branane and saued his life, and there was 
slaine one Cormac by wan cast of a dart, and two or three of 
Mac-brananes men were killed in the same skirmish, and Mac bra- 
nane was ransomed from him for the sum of foure score marks and 
for the rent of a free town (which they had afore that) and the 
same rent to be giuen to 0-Conner from thenceforth. 

The young Earl of Ormond came to Irland in this yeare with a 
greate multitude of Englishmen, then greatt warr was raysed betwixt 
the Earls of Ormond and Desmond. Gerott son to the Earl of Des- 
mond was taken prisoner by the Butlers. PortLargy was taken by them, 
but afterwards they on both sides ordained to deside their variances 
by sett Batle, and soe they haue done, meeting each one with an 
odious irefuU countenance, neverthelesse, it was against the Earle of 
Ormonds will Mac-Richard went to fight that day, for Englishmen 
were accustomed not to giue battle on Monday, nor after noone any 
day, but Mac-Richard respected not that their superstitious obserua- 
tion, but went on, though he had the worst, he being defeated, and 
taken prisoner also, and after the account of them that knew it, there 
was the number of 410 of his men buried, besides all that was eaten 
by doggs and by foules of the aire ; And Gerott tooke Killkenny and 
the corporate towns of the Butlers Country, after that slaughter 
made of them in the said battle. And the said young Earl with his 
Englishmen, were in an vnpregnable strong hold. A young kins- 
man or brother to the Earl of Ormond came to Irland, after he has 

taken 



248 The Annals (firdand, from the Year 1443 to 1468. 

taken foure shipps of the Earl of Desmonds fleet, by which the Butlera 
were greatly strengthened. 

Greate preyes taken by Rory mac*Dermoda, by Cormac Mac Don- 
noghy, and by the youths of Conner Mac Donnaghyes sept, from 
Clan-Conway at the foord of Downimgane, and from Mac Dermoda, 
and from Conner Mac Dermoda, to the number of six score cowes, 
besides other Cattle, and in revenge thereof, Mac Dermoda took other 
greate preyes at Killin from Rory Mac Dermoda, wherby Cormac 
fitz Conner Mac Dermoda was slaine by wan blow of a lance, the 
number of the said later preyes was 480 Cows and seauen scores in 
every hundred therof, they all brought into their own holds. Rory 
son to 0-Conner was ransomed, from O-Conner Donn, for some cer- 
taine ransome, and for Cathal roe 0-Conner roes son, and also Cathal 
was ransomed from him for foure score markes. 

Cathal magranyll (alias Reynolds) defeated the sons of Maelagh- 
lyn, and tooke prisoners William Magranyll, and Torlagh Mac Duff- 
gall Constable of Galloglachs, and Iryal O-Fergayls son, and Cathyl 
Mag Ranyll was made Magranyll, and remoued his brother Coner out 
of his Dukedome, he being of greate age. 

0-ffergall defeated by Conn O-Maelaghlyns son, and by the Dil- 
lons, and by Lysagh fitz Rossa, in the Nuacongwall, wherin was 
taken prisoners Edmond son to 0-ffergal, and eleven men of the 
sept of Mortagh 0-ffergal, and I was told that they lost to the num- 
ber of 70 men both captiues and killed ; and that defeate was but 
smal loss to the Angaly, in respect of what happened therin after- 
wards, for it was not long after that was killed y* only yong son of 
a Duke, that had most familie, and was excellentest in martial feates, 
and was y* most preyer of English and Irish, his enimies, viz. Thomas 
fitz Cathal fitz Thomas 0-ffergal in Bel-atha-na-PaiUyey, .i. in the 
foord of the palace, on the tract of his own prey in the night time, by 
a company of the Dillons, and of the Clan-conner, and of the Mac 

morthyesi 



The Annals of Ireland^ from the Year 1443 ^^ 1468, 249 

morthyes, so that they tooke away his head and his prey, he being 
but few men, as he never was accustomed afore that houre. God's 
blessing, and the blessing of all the saints be on his soule. 

Mac-branane Tomaltagh Carragh fitz Conn fitz ^dh, died, he 
being impouerished for a long season before. 

Great dearth in this suiner. This was the yeare of grace, many 
of the Irish repayred on pilgrimage towards S. James in Spaine, 

Gallway the river so called was made dry, wherby many good 
things was [were] foimd therein. 

Thady, son to Eogan 0-Conner lord of C. died. 

Brian fitz Philipp Magwire the most hospitall, and most coura- 
gious man of his own (age .1 ) yeares that was in all Vlster, was slaine 
(pursueing his own prey) by the sons of Art 0-nell, after granting 
him quarter, and being their prisoner for a while. 

Megler Bourke son to Mac-Seoinine died. 

0-Mordhas daughter 0-Conner falyes wife died. 

1463. Thady fitz Daniel more Mac-Donnaghy halfe king of 
0-oilella died. 

Hubertt fitz William Mac Dauid the Second [i. e. Tanist] of Clan 
Sir-Dauid died. 

Conner fitz Cathal roe Magranyll dux of Clan-bibsy, died. 

Gille-Christ mac Edigen vicar of St Patrickes church in Oilfinn 
and one of the Quire died. 

William Mac Dauid second of Clan-sir-Dauid died. 

Grany Thady O-Ruaircs daughter, Mac Donnaghs wife died. 

Majw Baretts son, Lord of Tirawly, died. 

James fitz Gerott, Earl of Desmond died. 
» Birn. O-'Broyn was slaine by the English and the English was 

^ Birns. [were] defeated in the same day by the ^'broynes, wherby they 
lost many noble and ignoble men. 

Mac-Donnaghy riavy of the Balimore, viz. Tomaltagh m*" M»l- 

IBISH ARCH. 80C. MI8CELL. VOL. I. 2 K rUSny, 



250 The Annals of Irdand^ from the Tear 1443 to 1468. 

ruany, a good man, died by to [too] much drinking of aqua 
vitse. 

Greate preyes and pillages taken by O-Conner fely from the 
English of Meath, so that his forces reached to Barna in iuber. 

Edmond 0-ffergal was ransomed. 

Culen 0-Dimassy slaine by the English. 

Dermod more fitz Dermod 0-Conner was killed by the sons of 
Thady O-Conner at Eas-da-Conna on the Boyle. 

Cormac Ballagh fitz Conner Mac-Donnaghy the only man (of his 
own ranke) that most merited and gott note and fame and that had 
best insight and knowledge in all arts, greatest goodnesse and familie, 
and was the best warrior and preyer (against his enimies) in Ightyr 
Connaght died, after receuing extreame vnction, and has don pe- 
nance. God rest his soule. 

William fitz Richard Bourke marched towards the Castle of Mul- 
linn-Adam in revenge of his eye, and was pursued to the borders of 
Balimote, and he turning back against the pursuers, 1 5 men of the 
pursuers was slaine, about the son of Magnus fitz Dermod Mac-Don- 
naghy, and about 0-nells sons that put out his eye at the same castle 
in time past. 

Nine men of Kenelfiacha mac-Nell were slaine (in a skirmish on 
the day of S. Columb-Killy in Durmay, and that occasioned for chal- 
lenging a bow ;) about the son of Dermoid fitz -^Edh boy Mageochagan 
and about the son of Fiacha Mageochagan by the people of Clann 
Colman and of Fera-Keall. 

Thady O-Conner, and Fera-Keall marched to Delbna Maccoghlan, 
wherin Thady was taken prisoner, and Felim 0-Conners son, and 
many horses and armour was taken from them, and Thady was ran- 
somed for 200 marks, and they being goships and fosterers, and after 
the releasement of Thady he went to Feratulach, that were friends 
and fosterers to him and to O-Conner, and brought greate spoyls from 

thence, 



The Annals oflrdand^ from the Year 1443 to 1468. 251 

thence, that caused warr and comon troubles betwixt O- Conner and 
Thady, whereby horses and men were slaine so that Thady was 
forced to repaire to Clanmalura. 

0-Flanagan and his son being taken prisoners by Brian Bal- 
laghs sept and his house was burnt in Collyn-O-Carthy, and was 
grieuously wounded by an arrow. Brian Ballaghs sept tooke (in 
night time) a prey in Derry Carlindy from Cathal Duffe O-Conners 
son. 0-Flanagan was released, and was not licenced to settle his 
lands, and his son was from hun in restraint as pledge for accom- 
plishment 

Conn O-Mselaghlyns son was wickedly taken prisoner in the Petite 
of Mullengares house, and excellent good horses and armour taken 
from him, not respecting to be his fosterer, and many more good men 
of note and qualitie of Ferakeall, and of Clan-colman, and the two 
sons of Conn ['s] son also, were all taken prisoners. 0-Connor-faly 
haueing intelligence therof, marched with a mighty army to Mullen- 
gare, and forcibly rescued O-MsBlaghlyns son, and left the rest in 
restraint, and brought two or three hundred cows, and much of good 
houshold stuflfe and many hoggs from thence neverthelesse they con- 
cluded peace with him, and all thaforesaid spoyles was forgiuen him. 

Thady 0-Conner and Kenel-fiacha mac Nell tooke great preyes 
in Maghery Cureny, so that they spoiled all the country from Killi- 
nivor outwards, and from Dunnamona southwards. 

Magranylls sons with their forces went to the town of Tuam- 
Vsin, and burnt a town therin and haue taken a prey, and they 
afterwards went into their cotts, and their men by land, with the 
prey ; three of Cormack mac Richards men were slaine, and 0-Mo- 
rans two sons. And two or three of the pursuers were killed, about 
the son of Amly fitz Mathew fitz Cuconacht 0-ffergaL 

The sons of Felims son concluded peace. Jaques Cham fitz 
Felim Lord of Clan-amly 0-Fergyl died. 

2 K 2 1464. 



252 The Annals of Ireland, frcm the Year 1443 to 1468. 

1464. Mac-caba, Daniel O-Ruairc, John son to the Official Mac 
Muircherty, and Maelaghlyn fitz Brian fitz Morcherty oge 0-fergayl, 
and his wife, and Mortagh fitz John 0-Dugnane, all died. 

The son of Glasny fitz Conner 0-Reily slaine. 

Mac Dermoda roe .i. Dermoid fitz Maelaghlyn, and Cathal ba- 
cagh mac Cormaic of the Formyl mortui simt. 

Benmuan, 0-flanagans daughter quievit. 

Dermoid O-Murchadhan a good priest quievit. 

0-flyn lord of Silmylruain, and Gillenanaemh his brother, were 
slaine by the sons of Philipp Mac Cosdelw in Cluain-cruim, and five 
of their men also. 

Bresal Donnagh 0-Kellyes son, and Mselaghlyn fitz Wilham 
0-Kelly being at odds for the Lordship of Omany, died in one 
weeke, in the later end of April. In the mean season said Bresal 
(when Maelaghljnis man came to visit him on. his death bed) I hold 
meting with Maelaghlyn, before our lord, and that afore seauen 
dayes be ended, and they both answered the said meeting. 

Kedagh 0-Mordha Bang of Lysy died. 

Piers Butler died. 

Mortagh fitz Art O-Maelaghlyn, and his wife 0-Coffyes daughter, 
and three more, died in one 24 houres, (and it was said) that the 
occasion of their death was, their coming to see a horse that perished 
by some swelling knobs. 

More, James 0-Kennedys daughter, Mageochagans wife, died. 

iEdh 0-Mulmoyes two sons slaine by the sons of Tibott 0-Mul- 
moy, and by 0-Conner ffalyes sons. Mael .... O-Mselmoyes son was 
slaine thorough deceit, by the sons of the said Tibott he being their 
own fathers brothers son. Conn Niall garw 0-Donells son, one 
that ought to be King of Tirconell, was killed by Neachtyn 0-Do- 
nells sons. 

Cathal O-Conners son, on Saturday next afore pentecost preyed 

Mselaghlyn 



The Annals of Ireland^ from the Year 1443 to 1468. 253 

Maelaghlyn fitz Rory Mac Dermoda, and Dermoid O-Magrons son his 
own follower. 

Cormac fitz Mathew fitz Amly roe 0-Birn was causelesly killed, by 
Mailaghlyn Mac Dermoda, and by O-Magrons son, by wan touch of a 
speare slaine. 

A defeate giuen by the sons of Rory Mac Dermoda, and by Thady 
Magranyll, and by the sons of Cormack bally mac Doniioghy (that 
leaded them against the sons of Brian Mac-Donaghy to Balilogha- 
bo) and the two sons of Brian Mac-Donaghy and his sons son, and 
MaBlaghlyn m* Dermoda roe, and John Mac Swine was slaine, viz. 
his Constable of Galloglachs, and 1 7 Galloglaghs, and Dermoid fitz 
Gormac Bally was slaine by one cast of a smale arrow. 

Mac Richard Butler the notablest, and most famous English chief- 
taine in Irland died. 

0-Kelleyes sons tooke a running prey, viz. CoUa Prior of Teagh- 
Eoyn, and Rory 0-Kelly, thorough the instigation of Brian 0-Braoyn 
Bregmany, and of the sons of Rossa fitz Morcherty Midhy 0-ffear- 
gayl, which hurted them both parties ; for therby was slaine 0-Kel- 
leyes two sons, and 1 6 of their men, by Mac Amalgy. 

Laccans preys taken by MagranyU, and by Dermoid Loghlyn 
oge 0-Hanlyes son, and by the sept of John Mac-Jago, whom we 
never heard (afore that) to be taken either by the Irish nor English. 

Mac William Bourke and 0-Donell, and many of the English and 
Irish of Irland, went to Dublin towards Thomas Earl of Desmond 
Lord Deputy of Irland, and adhered to him. Nine of the Lord De- 
puties men were slaine in Fingall thorough the instigation of the 
Bishop of Meath, the Deputie and Bishop aforesaid, and the priston 
went to their Kings house condemning each other. 

A preying army made by 0-nell, and by Neactyn 0-Donells sons 
towards Tirconayll, after the killing of Conn 0-Donell, so that the 
country was burnt as farr as Ath-Seny, and they tooke great spoiles 

both 



254 The Annals of Ireland, from the Year 1443 to 1468. 

both cowes and pillages, though they paid for it, to wit, Brian fitz 
Conner oge fitz Conner roe Magwire a hospitall and valiant good 
gentleman with 28 men more of the host was slaine. 

Richard Bourk sayled with seauen ships towards TirconeU to 
succour 0-Donell. 

The preyes of Muirchertys sons, and of Thady O-Conner being 
at the borders of the riuer Ethny, and 0-fergal passed the Cham- 
ath (.1. the crooked foord) wherabouts he destroyed some (.1. the 
smalest) petty catties, and the greater or bigger as cows and horses 
fled. 

Create miracles worked by the Image of our B. Lady Mary of 
Ath-trym in hoc anno. 

G-MaBlaghlyns son took more than restitution (an vnvsuall cus- 
tome) from the Petite in revenge of his wicked deceit against him, 
viz. the burning of his country, and its ransacking also, and whole 
restitution afterwards. 

The Sraid of Moybrecray burnt by Baron Delvna, both church 
and houses, and many preying and burning comitted betwixt them 
to wit, the Nugents, and Herberts. 

^dh Mac Dermoda King of Moy-luyrg tooke the preyes of Tir- 
tuahyl and •those of Tirtuahayl obeyed, for their preyes, and gaue 
pledges to Mac Dermoda, and they were adhering to Clan-Donnaghy, 
from Tomaltach Mac Dermodas dayes vntill that season ; he also 
made Mac Dermoda Gall to obey him. 

Create warr betwixt the sons of William 0-Kelly, and Donnagh 
O-Kelleyes sons, (after Brians, and Maelaghlyns decease) that spoild 

much, but they made peace afterwards, but the sept of tooke 

greate parte of the lands, (that were taken from them in times past) 
for their aggreeing, and concluding of that peace. 

Create warr betwixt the sons of -ffidh O-Kelly, to wit, the sons 
of Eogans daughter, and the sons of Mac-Dermodas daughter, iho* 

rough 



^-r 't 



The Annals of Irdand^ from the Year 1443 '^ 1468. 2^^ 

rough which all Tinnany was burnt betwixt them, and they made 
peace afterwards. 

The people of Calry left their country to the people of Mainegh- 
mercy and fled they towards Ifaly, besides their wards left in Bali- 
logha-luaha. 

Mac-eochy of Moyfins daughter a hospital devoute, mercifull 
woman, the sons son of Edmond O-KeUyes wife died. 

Cormac Ballagh mac Donnaghy his son and cccc cowes 



Thady 0-Conner halfe King of Connaght died on Saturday after 
the Assimiption of our Blessed Lady Mary, and was buried in Rosco- 
man in an honorable manner byCathal Crowdergs sept both west and 
east, and by the Tuathas, viz. the Countryes of Silmuiredhy mullehan 
as never a king in his dayes was, hauing so many grosses of horse, 
and foot companyes of Galloglaghes, and other souldiers about his 
body, and too, it was diflicult to account, how many offerings, both 
cows, horses, and moneys, was bestowed to God's honor for his 
soule. Gods blessing be on him, and it was reported, that he saw him- 
selfe weighed, and that S. Mary and S. Michael defended his soule, 
etc. thorough God's grace and mercy, and so he was saued, as it is 
thought 

Clan-Donnaghy made peace, and Thady mac Donnaghy released. 

An army led by those of Managh to Meath, and they burnt the 
Mullengare, and its com, and all Calryes com. 

Felim fitz Donnagh fitz Tigeman oge 0-Ruairc was taken pri- 
soner thorough deceit by 0-Ruairc, and uEdh fitz Thady O-Ruairc 
was happily taken prisoner, after that, by Tigeman oge fitz Donnagh. 

Ire fitz Cathal roe Magranyll, one well worthy of the Dukdome 
of his owne land for his constancie, truth, martiall feates, hospitalitie, 
and all good qualities died, seauen dayes afore Michaelmas, and we 
doe pray the God of mercy, that the said Michael meet and lead his 

soule 



-^•^^*—» 



^y«— "^ S — ZV^r^fm^^mmmmr^mmmfmrnmim^ 



256 TTie Annals of Ireland^ from the Year 1443 ^^ 1468. 

soule (thorough God's grace) to heauen in ssBCula sseculorum. Amen. 
Ire fitz William Magranyll was slaiue in Westmeath the same weeke, 
by Gille-glas Dillon, and that by one wound of a speare, he being 
with William Dalton brother to his own mother. 

Daniel fitz Mucherty 0-Connor lord of Carbry-of-Drum-cliaw, 
with the most parte of his kinsmen or brothers, were killed by Eogan 
0-Conners sons in the Bendan. Ruairy fitz Brian 0-Conner was 
made Lord in his place. 

The Earle of Desmond came from the King of Englands house to 
Irland as lord lieutenant, and got many gifts from the King. 

Felim 0-Ruairc released, the Brefhians made peace, and jEdh 
fitz Thady 0-Ruairc, was sett att libertie. 

William fitz Many fitz -ffidh, Lord of the sept of Conner Mac 
Branane died. 

Loghlyn fitz Mselaghlyn O-Maelconry died after a long sicknes 
and repentance, and was buried in Elphinn, under the tutions of Gcwi, 
S. Patrick and S. Frances. 

Tomaltagh oge 0-Gara slaine (by night time) thorough a skir- 
mish, in Cluan-Carthy on Sliaw-Lugha. by Muirgeas fitz Cormac fitz 
(i. e. Mac) Dermoda Gall, he being at once with Edmond an-maghery 
mac coisdelw therin. Donnall Cham fitz Conner mac Donnaghy 
died. 

Redmond, son to the Prior fitz Loghlyn 0-ffergayl, died. 

1465. Peace, and stubbomesse, obedience and disobedience with 
every one, towards each other of Felims sept, betwixt the sons, and 
brothers of Thady O-Conner after himselfe, vntil the next ensueing 
Lent 0-Conner Roes sons, and Brian Ballaghs son, hired some 
Galloglaghs, and they incamped on the Crecca, and they altogether 
marched towards Nid-an-fiay, against Cathal roe fitz 0-Conner, 
wherby Felyms sept was spoyld, and the town was burnt by 
them, and they were pursued by 0-Conners sons, and by Felim- 

Cleiyes 



The Annals of Ireland, from the Year 1443 ^^1468. 257 

Cleryes sept and by Mac-branane, and many were wounded betwixt 
them both vntill they came to Dun-ard, wherin Cathal Roe was 
fallen from his horse, by his own mothers brothers, .i. Brian fitz Brian 
bally, and was killed there vnhappily, and most vnadvisedly, thorough 
which homicide they lost lordship, and reigning for ever. That deed 
was done, on Saturday next before Dominica Palmarum. 

An exceeding great frost and foule weather ; that hindered the 
growth of all hearbs, and leaues of the woods, so that no such was seen 
or growen afore the feast of S. Brendan, viz. 1 4. May, which occa- 
sioned greate famine in Silmuredhy, so that neither Saints nor reve- 
rend persons, were priuiledged in such misery in Silmuredhy, in that 
the priest was rescued for victualls, though he had been at the Altar, 
with the holy Eucharist between his two hands, and he invested in 
the masse vestiments. 

^dh fitz* Conner fitz Dermoda King of Moy-luyrgg died, 
and Conner oge fitz Cofier Mac Dermoda was made King in his 
seate by consent of both spirituality and temporalitie of the sept of 
-ffidh m*" Dermoda, besides the sons of Ruary m*^ Dermoda onely, 
which disobedience they repented thus. A meeting by them don at 
Camfiy. 0-Conner Don, and Donnagh 0-Kelly, and Ruairy m** Der- 
modas sons being there, Mac Dermoda with his, on the other side, 
they falling out, and fought, and Dermoid fitz Ruairy Mac Dermoda 
was slaine, a greate losse, and Thady fitz Ruairy boy was taken pri- 
soner, and 0-Conner Donn fled away. Cathal roe 0-Conners son a 
youth, and fosterson to T. fitz R. B. being in their own company, 
was slaine by the soiies of flFelim more 0-Coner on that side, when 

they fell out. 

O-Connor Donn tooke a prey from Mac Dermoda 

Mac-consnamha, and his son, were deceitfully slaine by Donell 
O-Ruairc, and by his sons, and they settled themselfe in his lands. 

Edmond 0-Kelly es sons son died. 
IRISH ARCH. 80C. HiscELL. VOL. I. 2 L Ruairy 



258 The Annals of Ireland, from the Year 1443 to 1468. 

Ruairy oge fitz Ruairy fitz Terlagh mac Domuall a good Con- 
stable of Galloglaghs, died. 

jEdb fitz Thady o-Ruairc died. 

Loghlyn o-Ruaircs son died. 

Diarmoid Mac Jago deceitfully slaine by Gillenanaemh O-hanleys 
sept. 

Cormac Mac Diarmoda Gall lord of Arty died, 

1 466. Coner son to 0-Conner roe died. 

Brian dufie fitz T. o-Conner, Richard fitz Richard Tirell. Tho- 
mas fitz Redmond Tirell. Vathny fitz ffergal 0-Reily. Thady mag- 
nell Lord of Balimagnell. Conner fitz Thady mac Branane. Wil- 
liam fitz Walter Burk. William fitz John fitz Walter Burk. 0-Duuge- 
nan de Killronane, .1. flfergal fitz Dauid. Muirgas canon, fitz Cona3nig 
O-Maelconry, all thafore last mentioned 1 2 men died. 

The English of Meath and of Linster gathered an army towards 
Kaly, wherby was slaine John son to Mac-donell in a skirmish therin, 
the best captaine of the English, although his death was but a begin- 
ning to the English losses, for they and the Earl were (the next day) 
defeated, and the Earle was taken prisoner, neverthelesse Thady 
0-Conner the said Earls brother in law, [cliariium, in margine] con- 
veyed that Earl (disarmed) to Castlecarbry and a greate number of the 
army in his Company. Item, Christopher Plimkett, ajad the Prior of 
Teaghmuiry of Athtrym, and William oge Nugent, and the Barnwall, 
with many more were therin taken prisoners, so that the Irish ex- 
tended their forces as farr as Tara northwards, and Naas southwards, 
and that the Brefnians, and Vriellians from thence forth for a long 
tearme vsed to be preying and burning the country of Meath without 
any defence or pursueance don from or by the inhabitants. 

Thady fitz Torly 0-Brian King of Tuamond marched with an 
army (in this sumer) over the Shinnan southwards, and we heard not 
of such an host with any of his name or Ancestors since Brian Boroa 

was 



The Annals of Ireland^ from the Year 1443 ^^ 1468. 259 

was conquering of Irland, so that the Gwills Irish of Desmond and 
Jarmond all obeyed him, and he bribed the Gwills, .1. old Irish of 
Linster, so that they were working his coming to Tara, but he retired 
to his house, after he has conquered the coimtry of the Clan- Williams 
(the Burkes) all, and the County of Lymbrick, it being made sure to 
him from the Earl, in liew of granting peace to the said Earl, and to 
his Country, and the townsmen or Citizens of Lymbrick gaue 60 
marks yearely to him for ever, afterwards he died of a feauer in his 
owne house, and it was cofoonly reported that it was the multitudes 
envious hearts and eyes has shortned his dayes. Conner fitz Torly 
0-Brian was made King in his place. 

Richard sons son to William fitz Richard oge Bourk, the second 
of Clanricard, Mortagh fitz Cu-Connacht 0-Daly both died. 

A kind of defeate giuen by Macoghlan to Kenel-ferga, wherin was 
taken prisoner the sons son of Ruairy o-Carole Lord of Kenelferga, 
and eight or nine of his men were slaine, they being come a preying 
to Delona with Magcoghlans sons. 

Maelaghlin fitz Eogan m'' Dermoda roe, and John his brother, both 
died. 

Eogan fitz John mac Donnaghy died. 

Eogan, and -^dh Duff* the two sons of Ruairy fitz Cathal Duffe 
0-Conner, and Thady fitz Brian fitz Cathal, were slaine by Der- 
moid fitz Thady 0-Conner, and by the sons of D. roe fitz Thady 
0-Conner on Monday the i^ Day of Easter, in the Curragh of 
Liatrym. 

Robertt Barett died. 

Greate warr in Maghery Connacht, so that the people generally 
raysed against Felim finn, to wit, Thadyes sons, 0-Kellyes sonns, 
Ruairy mac Dermodas sons, and the Tuathas of Coiiacht, so that 
he was forced to goe with his goods towards Mac-dermoda on the 
Corrsliaw. Then the said Confederates marched against Felim to 

2 L 2 Athda-laorg 



26o The Annals oflrdarvi^ from the Year 1443 '^ 1468. 

Athda-laorg on the Boyle, wherin was slaine Rossa fitz Maslaghlyn 
0-Bern, by an arrow, and they retired back. Felim taking notice 
therof, left his goods and catties to the trusty refiige of Mac Der- 
moda, and gathered, and leaded he M® William Bnrk and a great host 
to Maghery-Connaght, and burned Balentober of S. Brigitt, and Mac 
Branane stole from him towards Mac-Dermoda, and Mac Dermoda 
sent safe conduct with him to his own countrey, butt he himselfe (viz. 
ffelim) suffered Conner Mac Branans sept to parte with him, and 
tooke his own followers with him and his catties att once with his 
army towards Clann William Burk. 

0-Dowda and his son deceitfully slaine, by the sons of Maelruany 
fitz Ruairy 0-Dowda. 

A great defeate by the English given to the Orgiallians, wherby 
very many were killed, and JEdh oge mac Mahon was taken prisoner. 
A prey out of the Tolly was taken by Felim finn, and -^dh Csech 
Corraack 0-Conners son slaine in pursueance therof 

A greate plague in Linster and in Dublin, and in Meath. 
The Monastery of the holy Trinities Hand on Logh-Key, was 
burnt by a Candle and by a woman. 

Brian fitz Edmond o-fergayls son was killed, by the sons of Con- 
ner mac Cathayl, he being come forth to water his horse, he being 
then with the sons of Thomas mac Cathayl, and the said Castle was 
taken from them afterwards by O-Mselaghlyns son, and by Conner m* 
Cathyls sons, and all the country was burned, and vtterly des- 
troyed, so that they forced them to make peace, after dispossing them 
of their cowes, and killing many of their good men, and burning all 
their corn. 

Mac-Carthy Cluasagh viz. Thady fitz Daniel fitz fingin, Lord of 
Dermoid rewars sept, the onely man that had most scarres and 
wounds in his dayes, and his brothers son, .1. Dermoid fitz Daniel 
both deceased. 

Mahon 



The Annals of Ireland^ froni the Year 1443 '^ 1468. 261 

Mahon fitz MsBlmoy fitz Donagh, Chiefe of Clan-fingin, quie- 
vit. 

Thady boy 0-Dowda King of O-fiachra-muay being an old aged 
man, was vnadvisedly slaine by Maelruany 0-Dowdas sept. 

An army raysed by Mac William Burk viz. Richard fitz Tho- 
mas fitz Edmond Albany, and by ^dh 0-Kelly King of 0-maney to, 
and against Clanricard, wherby they burnt parte of the country as 
fan as Logh reagh, and they killed Richard son to Mac-hubertt, a 
good housekeeper. They went that night neare 0-many, and the 
next day went they to burne the parishes of the Dolphins and about 
Tuluban. They after that (haueing intelligence of the contryes pur- 
sueance towards them) made retreate. But, at the Crosse of May-croyn 
ouertooke them, the best Englishmans son in Irland in his owne 
dayes .1. VUicke fitz Villeag, fitz Riocaird oige, and Torlagh 0-Brians 
sept, for the most parte. The host being happily defeated, Mac Wil- 
liam Burk, .1. Villez fitz Richard was slaine therin, and 0-Kellyes 
two sons, viz. CoUa and Ruary, a good captaine and Constable of 
Clandonell, .1. ^dh-boy fitz Torly-Fitz Marcus, eleven men of their 
nobilitie, his two sons and three brothers, were all slaine, with a 
wonderfuU slaughter of their companyes, so that they could not 
account their losses at Cross-moy-croyn, that day. 

An army, twice, ledd by the lord Deputie, earl of Desmond, 
against the Branaghs, so that he passed all the country from Inver- 
more to Bearna na-gaoithy, and from thence to Fera-Cualann, and 
to Glynn-caipy, and right-hand to Ath-cualann ; On that journey was 
burnt 

1467. James son to the Bishop Richard son to the Great Deane 
fitz Daniel fitz John Gallda 0-ifergayl Abbot of Lethraith, a faire, 
young, learned, benigne, hospitall nobleman died in the flowre of 
youth, and begining of his happinesse. Some thought, that it was 
envy that killed him. God rest his soule. 

Thady 



262 The Anruds of Ireland^ from the Year 1443 to 1468. 

Thady fitz Donnagh 0-Kelly, one that ought to be King of Omany 
died, betwixt Epiphany and Brigidmas. 

Daniel boy o-fergayl the whole Diike of Angaly, and Lysagh fitz 
Rossa fitz Conner, fitz Cathal O-fergayl both died. Irial O-fergayl 
in Daniels seate, and John supplyed Irials roome. 

Dauid m*" Cosdelw killed by Thomas Bermingham. 

Donnagh fitz John fitz Maelaghlyn O-fergayl died on his journey 
to or from Rome. 

The defeate of Cross-may-croynn (thisyeare secundum quosdam) 
giuen to 0-Kelly and to Clann-William Bourk, by Mac-William of 
Clanricard, wherin was slaine ^dh boy fitz Torlagh mac Donnell, the 
Constable of their Galloglaghs, and ten of the best of Clan-donell, et 
alii multi nobiles et ignobiles. 0-Donell came to Connaght, to defend 
that defeate, and made Clanricard to conclude peace, and went home 
afterwards. 

The Castle of Culmaly (called corruptly, Cooluny) was taken by 
Cormac Ballagh m® Donnaghyes sons from the sept of Cormac mac 
Donnaghy. 

Mac- William of Clanricards son died a sudden death. 

Christofer Plunkett, Piers fitz Peirs Dalton, James oge sons 
son to James Dalton. The Petite of Mullengares son, .1. the Prior of 
Mullengare all dead of the plague. 

Torlagh fitz Cathal 0-Coner killed on the feast day of the 
holy Crosse in Rosscoman, by the sons of Daniel ftz Magnus Cham 
0-Kelly. 

Cathal 0-R King of Eastbrefny died. 

CoUa fitz magnus fitz Mahon, and eleven of his men were killed 
on the tract of his own prey, by the Brefnians. 

An English Deputy came to Irland, and Thomas was deposed, 
thorough which alteration all Irland was spoyld. 

1468. An exceeding great mischance happened in Irland this 

yeare, 



Th£ Anriah of Irdand^ from the Year 1443 *^ 1468. 263 

yeare, to wit, Thomas Earl of Desmond, and the onely Earle of Irland, 
for his excellent good qualities in both comely faire person, affabilitie, 
eloquence, hospitalitie, martiall feates, noblenesse of extraction in 
blood, almesdeeds, humanitie towards the poore and needie of all man- 
kind, suppressing [surpassing, Dvhl MS."] bountifullnesse in bestow- 
ing good gifts to both laytie, clergy, and to all the learned in Irish, 
as Antiquaries, poets, jEsdanas of all Irland, being repayed to the 

greate Court at Drochedatha, to met the English Deputy 

[Left unfinished, p. 72 reverse]. 



NOTES. 

A. D. 144.3. ^^^ ^^ ^*^^ '2* 
King ofEly^ — i. e. Ely O'Carroll, a territory in the south of the King's County, 
comprising the baronies of Clonlisk and B^ybritt. This territory was anciently a part 
of Munster, and was bounded on the north by the present boundary of the diocese of 
Meath. See Dymok's Treatise of Ireland, p. 15, where the castle of Limwaddon is made 
the principal one of this territory. It should be Lemivannon (I6im uf b6ndin) which is 
the present Castle of the Leap, the seat of H. Darby, Esq., in the barony of Ballybritt, 
about five miles to the north of Boscrea. 

Page 2CX), line 14. 
Fingin, — Mac Gilly Patrick would now be anglicised Florence Fitzpatrick. 

Page 200, line 19. 

Mac Richard Butler. — This was a distinguished chieftain of the Butler family who 
took an Irish surname from an ancestor, Richard. He had, in the year 1453, resi- 
dences at Kilkenny, Dunmore, Gowran, Killfraich, and Pottle-rath, at which latter 
place a copy of the Psalter of Cashel was made for him, in the year J 45 3, by John 
Boy O'Clery; and of this a fragment is still extant in the Bodleian Library at Oxford, 
Laud, 610. — See Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, voL ii. p. 336. 

Page 2CX), line 20. 

Alexander Croc and John Begg G^ConaUay. — These surnames are still common in 
the county of Kilkenny ; the former is anglicised Croke, and the latter Connolly. 

A.D. 



264 The Annals of Ireland^ from the Year 1443 to 1468. 

A. D. 144.3. ^^^ 2c^« ^^^^ 2 3* 

GFeargaU^ — now anglicised O'Farrell, O'Ferrall, and more frequently Farrell, 
without the prefix 0\ 

Page 200, line 25. 

Pori'Ingortin. — This is mentioned in an Inquisition taken at Ardagh, on the 4th 
of April, 10 Jac. I., as Portegortine, situated in the territory of Clanshane, in the 
barony of Granard, and county of Longford. The place is now called simply Grorteen, 
which is a townland in the parish of Clonbrony, in the barony of Granard. 

Pctge 2CX), liTie 26. 

O^Fiaehrct-muayj — L e. Hy-Fiachrach of the River Moy, now the barony of Tire- 
ragh, in the county of Sligo, which is bounded on the west by that river. 

Page 2CX), line 28. 

M' JEgan, — now anglicised Egan, without the prefix Mac. The baptismal names 
^dh Feargal, and Baethalach, are now written in English, Hugh, Farrell, and Boe- 
hius, or Bowes. 

Page 201, -line i. 

Corcaroy, — called in Irish Copca T^aioe, now the barony of Corkaree, in the county 
of Westmeath. — See O'Flaherty's Ogygia^ part iii. c 69. 

Page 201, line^ 

Muny-na-fedey, — This name does not occur in the Annals of the Four Masters. 
The name is now obsolete. 

Page 201, line 5. 

O-mordhaeSj — reele O'Mordha, now written in English O'More, but more generally 
anglicised Moore, without the prefix. 

Pagetoid line 6. 

SliavardacAy^ — now the barony of Sliavardagh, in the east of the county of Tippe- 
rary. Mac Bichard Butler had a castle at a well-known place called Buolick (buaio- 
lic) in this barony. 

Page 201^ line 26, 

Firlaeghaghan, — The name of a tribe in the south of the county of Longford, but 
its exact extent, or even position, has not yet been determined. 

A.D. 



The Annals of Ireland^ from the Year 1443 '^ 1468. 265 

A. D. 1443. Page 202, line 3. 

Brickdiav-men — L e. the people living on and around the mountain of Breicshliabh, 
now Bricklieve, or BricklufP, situated west of Lough Arrow, in the barony of Tirerrill, 
and county of Sligo. — See Genealogies, &c., of Hy-Fiachrach, p. 481, and map to the 
same work. 

Page 202, line 9. 

Atk-boy-tlachta — now Athboy, a town in the barony of Lune, in the county of 
Meath, about six miles to the north-west of Trim. Tlachtgha, now called the Hill 
of Ward^ is added to distingtdsh it from Athboy, now Ballyboy, in Fercall, in the 
King's County. 

Page 202, line 18. 

Satisfaction Jar blood. — This is called epic in Irish. 

Page 202, line 24. 

Ath-truim — L e. the ford of Trim, now the town of Trim, on the River Boyne, in 
the county of Meath. 

Page 202, line 25. 

Caimin {a stroke of the finger) — ^i. e. a fillip on the nos& This word is not given in 
any of the published Irish dictionaries. It is derived from the adjective cam, crooked, 
because the fore-finger is bent back against the thumb to make it spring or jerk 
from it. The Four Masters have not given any account of this war, which originated 
in a cause so apparently trifling. They have also omitted many passages given by 
Dudley Firbis under this year. — See the Editor's edition of the Annals of the Four 
Masters, pp. 928-934, where the omitted passages are pointed out. 

A. D. 1444. Page 203, line 6, 

A greate eontroversiey <^., touching Easter, — The Four Masters have no reference 
to this controversy. 

Page 203, line 23. 

A great army, — This is a translation of the Irish word pluaij^ao, or rloijeoo, 
which literally means *' a hosting." 

Page 203, line 24. 
G*Domnaill — now anglicised O'DonnelL 

Page 203, line 26. 
Mac Vgilin—m Irish mac uioilin, or mac uijiltn, now Mac Quillin. This family, 

IBISH. ARCH. 80G. MI8CELL. VOL. I. 2 M which 



266 The Annals oflrdand, from the Year 1443 to 1468. 

which is of Welsh origin, was seated in the territory of the Route, in the north of tte 
county of Antrim. 

A. D. 1444. Pcye 203, Une 27. 

Duffirian — ^in the Irish Oui5rpian, L e. the black third, or temal division, now 
Dufferin, a barony in the county of Down, on the west side of Loch Cuan, or Strang- 
ford lake. 

Page 203, line 3a 

Left only in the reare among the carriage — The word " only** here signifies 

" ^one." The original Irish given by the Four Masters runs thus: "3"n P© »napB- 
pac TTlac DoirinaiU ^allocclac baoi pop oeipeao an cjluai^ hi ccotnTnof^ an 
loicc." 

Page 204, line 5. 

Countrg of Carbry — now the barony of Carbury, forming the north-eastern por- 
tion of the county of Sligo. 

Page 204, lime 6. 

Mae Donnaghy — in Irish TTlac Donnchai6, now anglicised Mac Donough. 

Page 204, Une 8. 

Eoin (yHairt — L e. John O'Hart, or, as it is now anglicised, John Hart. The family 
of O'Hart, according to an old map in the State Papers' Office, was seated in the north 
of the barony of Carbury, between the mountain of Binbulbin and the River Drowea. 

Page 204, line la 

Dealbhna-Eathra. — This was otherwise called Delvin-Mac Coghlan, and is now 
comprised in the barony of Garrycastle, in the north-west of the King's country. 

Page 204, line 17. 

Magh Beannchoir — L e. the plain of Banagher, a level district, in the west of which 
the present town of Banagher stands. 

Page 204, line 19. 

Lamduain-I'Jlaitify — L e. O'Flatilly's bare lawn or meadow now Lomcloone, or, as 
it is sometimes barbarously written Lumploon, in the parish of Gillen, in the barony 
of Grarrycastle. The family of O'Flatilly is still in this neighbourhood, but the name is 
corrupted to Flattery. 

Page 204, line 23. 

Tuaini'Eolaing — ^now Toomoling, in the same barony. 

A.D. 



The Annals oflrdand^ from the Year 1443 ^^ 1468. 267 

A. D. 1444. Pctge 204, line 25. 

Cloontuaiscert O-many^^novr Cloontuskert, a monastery in ruins in a parish of 
the same name in the barony of Clanmacnowen, and county of Galway, about five 
miles to the south of Ballinasloe, in the county of Galway. See Tribes and Customs 
of Hy-Many, p. 74. 

Pa^ 204, line 27. 

Fothair Dealbhnach — ^L e. the wood or forest of Delvin. The position of this is 
pointed out by the townland of Bealach-an-Fhothair, i. e. the Pass of Fothair (now 
Ballaghanoher), in the parish of Reynagh, in the barony of Garrycastle. 

Page 205, line 7. 

I'Cruinny I'Ere, I-Eogain, — The two first of these districts still retain their 

names. I-cruinn is the old barony of Igrine, a quo SliaB Ua Cpuinn, now Tory-hill 

{ad radices cujue montie Hy-Cruinnorum ego Editor naius/ut), now merged in that of 

Ida, in the county of Kilkenny. I-Erc, is now anglicised Iverk, and is a barony 

adjoining Igrine to the south; but the name I-Eogain is now obsolete ; it was, 

probably, the old name of the adjoining barony of Knocktopher. All these districts 

were held by various families under the Earl of Ormond, as appears from a manuscript 

in the Lambeth Library, Carew Collection (No. 611, p. 87), which gives a list of the 

names of the gentlemen inhabiting the county of Kilkenny, with the value of all their 

lands. 

Page 205, line 15. 

Comsenach—A well-known district in the east of the county of Tipperary, marked 
on Beaufort's Ecelesiastical Map of Ireland as the barony of Compsey. 

Page 205, line 19. 

Sradvaly of Dune-Dealgan — i. e. the street-town of Dundalk, in the county of 
Louth. By a SradvaUy^ or street- town, is meant a town or village consisting of one 
street, and not defended by a castle. 

Page 205, line 22. 

O'Madbrenyn — now Mulrenin. The territory of this family comprised the parish 
of Baslick, near Ballintober, in the county of Roscommon. 

Page 205, line 25. 

A^t, Mary's image. — For some account of this famous image see Obits and Martyr- 
ology of Christ's Church, Introduction, p. xix.; O'Reilly's Irish Dictionary, voce caic; 
and the Editor's edition of the Annals of the Four Masters, under the year 1444, 
note **, p. 936. 

2 M 2 A. 



268 The Annals of Ireland^ from the Year 1443 to 1468. 

A. D. 1444* Page 205, hut line. 

Ardachy of Bishop Mel — now Ardagh, a small town, the seat of an ancient bishop- 
ric in the county of Longford. See Harris's Ware, Bishops of Ardagh, p. 253. 

Page 206, litie 4. 

Bishop of Oilfinn — L e. of Elphin. 

Page 206, line 9. 

Balaesadara — in Irish, 6aile eapa oopo, now Ballysadare, in the county of Sliga 
See Genealogies, Tribes, &c., of Hy-Fiachrach, and the map to the same work. 

Page 206, line 12. 

0*Bim — now O'Beirne. Tir-Briuin-na-Sinna, the territory of this family, is situ- 
ated between Elphin and Jamestown, in the county of Roscommon. See map to Tribes 
and Customs of Hy-Many. 

Page 206, line 17. 

Mae Caba — now Mac Cabe, a family which, according to Duald Mac Firbb's 
genealogical work, is of Danish origin. They were for several centuries hereditary 
captains of gallowglasses to the O'Bourkes and O'Beillys, in the two Breifnys. 

Page 206, line 19. 

A besieging camp, — By this phrase our author translates Popbaip , which is the 
Irish given by the Four Masters : popBaip 16 hua He ill pop ^allaiB. The exact mean- 
ing of the word appears from the old Irish historical romance called popbcnp Dpoma 
Dam jaipe, i. e. the encampment of Drom Damhghaire, now Knocklong, in the 

county of Limerick. 

Page 207, line 7. 

Clannconwag — ^in Irish Clann-connThai^, a district included in the barony of 
Ballimoe, on the west of the river Suck, in the county of Gkdway. 

Page 207, line 9. 

Ma^ Mwrchadh* — This name is written in Irish Iliac Tllupchaoa, and anglicised 
Mac Murrough. It is translated Murchardides, by Giraldus Cambrensis. The surname 
Caemhanach is now anglicised Kavanagh. 

Page 207, line 14. 

Bri'leth. — The situation of this mountain appears from the life of Bishop Mel of 
Ardagh, in which it is stated that it lies immediately to the west of Ardagh, in the 
now county of Longford. The Four Masters call it Sliabh-Callraighe-Bri-Leith, and 
it is now called simply Sliabh g-Calraighe in Irish, and anglicised Slieve-Golry. 

A.D. 



The Annals of Ireland, from the Year 1443 to 1468. 269 

A. D. 1444. P€ige 207, line 19. 

Cluain-eois — now Clones, a small town in the barony of Dartry and county of 

Monaghan. 

Pa^e 207, line 26. 

Balegaiaehan — a townland in the barony of Farbil, in the south-east of the county 

of Westmeath. 

Page 208, line 4. 

Muintir-neehtyn — ^i. e. the family of the O'Naghtans, who were at this period, and 
are still, seated in the barony of Athlone, in the county of Roscommon. 

Page 208, line 1 3. 

Tor-an-Puca — i. e. the hobgoblin's tower, a gloomy tower in the castle of Athlone 

so called. 

Page 208, line 27. 

KiUmaignen — i. e. Kilmainham, near Dublin, not the Kilmainham in the county of 

Meath. 

Page 208, line 30. 

Cluain mad heaUoiny — now Clonmelbeltany, in the barony of Moycashel, in the 
county of Westmeath. 

Page 209, line 6. 

Corcomroa — now Coroomroe, a barony in the west of the county of Clare* The 
country of the Corcomroe originally comprised the entire of the diocese of Kilfenora* 

Page 209, line 9. 

Mac Conmara — now Mac Namara. The territory of Clann Cuilen, which belonged 
to this family at this period, comprised nearly all the district lying between the Biver 
Fergus and the Shannon ; but it was originally much smaller, and comprised only 
the present deanery of Ogashin. 

A. D. 1445. Page 209, line 13. 

Angaly — now Annaly. At this period Annaly comprised the entire of the present 

county of Longford. 

Page 209, line 23. 

CTuathail — ^now anglicised O'Toole. 

Page 209, line 26. 

The teetimong of the uife Lageman9, — This is an attempt at saying, " the testi- 
mony of the Lagenians themselves." 

A.D. 



270 The Annals of Irdand^ from the Year 1443 to 1468. 

A. D, 1445- ^^9^ ^^' ^*^^ 3^ 
Initcaihy — ^now Scattery Island, in the river Shannon, opposite the town of Kil- 
rush, in the county of Clare. 

Page 209, Ivm 31. 

CPDima»y — now O'Dempsey, and Dempsey. The territory of Clanmailnra, or 
Clanmaliere, extended on both sides of the River Barrow, in the King's and Queen's 
counties. From a curious old map of Leix and Ophaley, made in the reign of Philip 
and Mary, it appears that this territory extended to the margin of the Xxreat Heath 
of Maryborough, and comprised the entire of the present barony of Portnahinch, in 
the Queen's County, on the south side of the Barrow, and the barony of Upper Phi- 
lipstown, in the King's County, on the north side of the same river. 

Fagt 210, line i. 
Gerald CoBmhanadCi son — would now be written in English, Gerald Kavanagh's son. 

Page 210, line 3. 

Tarlagh m* Dubgail — in Irish CoipoealBac mac DuB^oill, would be now written 
Turlough or Terence Mac Dugald, or Mac DowelL He was of Scotch descent, and a 
captain of gallowglasses. 

Page 210^ line 23. 

Magaamkradhan, — This name is now anglicised Magauran, Magowran and Mago- 
vem. The head of the famOy was chief of Teallach-Eathach, now the barony of 
Tullyhaw, in the north-west of the county of Cavan. See Harris's edition of Ware's 
Bishops, Ardagh, p. 254. 

Page 211, line 5. 

Midiana — L e. the inhabitants of Meath. 

Page 211, line 10. 

Mac Diarmoda^ King of Magh-luirg — i. e. Mac Dermot, chief of Moylurg, a terri- 
tory now included in the old barony of Boyle, in the county of Roscommon. 

Page 211, line 11. 

Kend-fiacka mac Ndl — ^i. e. the race of Fiacha, son of Niall of the Nine Hostages. 
This was the tribe-name of the Mageoghegans and their correlatives, and it also became 
the name of their territory, which at this period comprised the present barony of 
Moycashel, in the county of Westmeath. Seep. 179, supra. 

A. D. 



The Annals of Ireland, from the Year 1443 '^ 1468. 271 

A. D. 144.5. ^^^ ^'^9 ^^^ ^^' 
(yEdrisked oge — ^i. e. O'DriscoU oge, or the younger, who was chief of Collybeg, 
in the south-west of the county of Cork. 

Page 211, line 16. 

Magh'CaisU — now Moycashel, a castle giving name to a barony in the county of 

Westmeath. 

Page 211, line 16. 

Ruskagh — now Rooskagh, a townland in the parish and barony of Moycashel. 

Page 211, line 18. 
O'Sceruidhe — now Seery, a common surname in Westmeath. 

Page 211, line 18. 

Dunard — L e. high fort, now Doonard, in the barony of Moycashel. The Camath 
is a stream which flows by Doonard. 

Page 211. line 21. 

Muny-licUk — in Irish TTluine liac, now Money lea, a townland situated a short dis- 
tance to the north of Knockdrin Castle, about two miles and a quarter to the north- 
east of the town of Mullingar, in the county of Westmeath. * 

Pc^e 211, line 24. 

Druhn-mor — ^L e. dorsum magnumj now Dromore, a townland in the barony of 
Clonlonan, in the county of Westmeath. 

Page 212, line 8. 

Baron of DeaXbhna — i. e. the Baron of Delvin, who was the chief of the Nugents 
of Westmeath. 

Page 212, line 12. 

BaleaJihatruim — ^in Irish 6aile dca Cpuim, i.e. the town of the ford of Trim, now 
the town of Trim, in Meath. 

Page 212, line 15. 

Mac Hubert of Dieert-KeUg. — He' was the head of a branch of the Burkes, seated 
in the parish of DisertkeUy, or, as it is now corruptly called, Isertkelly, to the south- 
west of Loughrea, in the county of Galway. See map to Tribes and Customs of Hy- 
Many, on which the position of this parish is shewn* 

A.D. 



272 The Annals of IreUmdy from the Year 1443 to 1468. 

A. D. 144.5. ^^^ 2'2f ^*^ '^• 

O'NoileaUa, — This is also called Tir-Oilealla, and the translator is perfectly cor- 
rect in adding " eorrupti Tirerel." It is now written Tirerrill, and is the name of a 
barony in the county of Sligo. See map to Genealogies, &c, of Hy-Fiachrach. 

Page 212, line 25, 26. 

CHinn-feama — ^L e. the Alder Glen. This is the name of a beautiful glen in the 
parish of Cloonclare, and extending to the head of Lough Mac Nean, in the barony of 
Rossclogher and county of Leitrim; and the name, which is not that of a parish or 
townland, is preserved on modern maps through the good taste of the proprietor, 
Charles Tottenham, Esq., who, instead of seeking for a fancy name in France, Spain, 
or Italy, has called his house Glenfarne Hall, which will preserve the ancient name 
of this beautiful glen for ever. 

Page 212, line 28. 

The Bttanaid — now anglicised Bonet, a river in the county of Leitrim, which has 
its source in Lough Glenade, flows through the village of Lurganboy, and discharges 
itself into Lough Gill at its south-east extremity. 

Page 212, last line* 

Mac Baitin. — This, which is more usually anglicised Mac Wattin, was an Irish 
surname assumed by the head of the Barretts of Tirawley, in the county of Mayo. 

Page 211^ line ^ 

Com-an-Chonny — now Killyconny, a townland in the parish of Kilconreragh, barony 
of Moycashel, and county of Westmeath. The Four Masters have omitted several of 
the entries given by Dudley Firbis under this year (144.5), *^ which are specified by 
the Editor in his edition of the Annals of the Four Masters, p. 942, note •*, to p. 945. 

A. D. 144.6. Page 213, line 22. 
An Edipsc-^—ThiB is not noticed in the Annals of the Four Masters. 

Page 213, line 23. 

Balibogain^ — in Irish 6aile ui 6ho36in, Le.-0'£ogan's town, now Ballyboggan, a 
village in the barony of Moyfenrath, in the south-west of the county of Meath, about 
three, miles to the south of Clonard. A priory was founded here for canons of the 
order of St. Augustine, in the twelfth century, by Jordan Comin, under the invoca- 
tion of the Holy Trinity. — See Ware's Monast. and Archdall's Monasticon. 

A.D. 



Th Annals of Ireland^ front the Year 1443 '^ 1468. 273 

A. D. 144.6. Pa^e 213, line 27. 

Balimotta. — In Irish 6aile an ihora, i. e. the town of the moat, now Balljmote, a 
small town in the barony of Corran and county of Sligo. Here are to be seen the 
ruins of a large castle built by Richard Burke in the year 1 3CX), and the ruins of a 
Franciscan friary founded by the Mac Donoughs. This is the place where the cele- 
brated MS. called the Book of Ballymote was compiled towards the close of the four- 
teenth century. 

Poffe 213, line 28. 

O-Daniel. — Now O'DonnelL Dr. William O'Donnell, Archbishop of Tuam, and 

translator of the New Testament into Irish, anglicised his name simply William 

Daniel. 

Poffe 213, line 30. 

Ma^hnissy, — It appears from the Composition between Queen Elizabeth and the 
Lords and Chieftains of Connaught in the year 1585, that Magh Nisse, or, as it is 
there anglicised Moynyshe, was a general name for the upper or southern half of Mac 
Rannall's country in the county of Leitrim, and that it comprised fifty quarters and 
a half of land belonging to the race of Ir Mac Rannall and to the O'Mulvies. — See 
Chorographical Description of H-Iar Connaught, Appendix, p. 349. 

Page 214, line i. 

Dtm-Jomdhan, — Now Dunamon, on the river Suck, in the barony of Ballimoe and 
county of Galway. 

Pa^e 214, line 2. 

Conmaicny Ctdy-iola, — This territory is now comprised in the barony of Kilmaine, 
in the south of the county of Mayo. — See Genealogies, Tribes, Ac, of Hy-Fiachrach, 
p. 487, and the Map to that work. 

Pa^e 214, line 3. 

Niall Sinnach King of Teafformen — Le. Niall Fox, chief of the men of Teifia. — See 
Covenant between Mageoghegan and the Fox, ante, p. 186. . 

Page 214, line 5. 

O-ffoeUm, — This was the tribe-name of the O'Broins, or O'Bymes of Leinster, who 
were originally seated in the north of the county of Kildare, but at the period of 
which we are now treating they were seated in the mountains of Wicklow, in the dis- 
trict now called Banelagh. — See Inquisition taken at Wicklow on the i8th of Decem- 
ber, 161 7. The name Dublung 0-Brun is here a mistake for DubhlangO'Bruin, which 
would be now anglicised Dowling O'Byrne, or Dowling Byrne, without the prefix O'. 

IBISH ARCH. BOG. MISCELL. VOL. I. 2 N A. D, 



274 ^A^ Armals oflrdand^ from the Year 1443 to 1468. 

A. D. 1446. Pa^e 214, line 11. 

Mant'tarcu — By this is intended Mount Tara, or the hill of T&m, near Navan, in 
the county of Meath. The Irish is given by the Four Masters as follows: no r^i^fp 
a ppche CO cCmpai^ bub cuuio, -] co cul mai^ cldpai^ foip, and his forces used to 
go to Tara northwards, and to Cul Maighe-Claraigh eastwards. Cul Maighe-Clandgh 
was the name of a townland in the parish of Magh-Claraigh, or, as it is now anglicised, 
Moyclare, in the barony of Dunboyne and county of Meath. 

Pa^e 214, line 19. 

Clann-moris of the Bryes.-^ln Irish Clann TTlhiiipip na m-ftpf. — These were a tribe 
of the Fitzgeralds, seated in the present barony of Clanmorris, in the county of Maya 
Their chief had his castle at Bryes, or Brees, in the parish of Mayo, in this barony. — 
See Grenealogies, Tribes, &c., of Hy-Fiachrach, p. 482, and the map to that work. 

Pa^e 215, line 4. 

Acadh-airend. — ^Now Aireanach, anglice Erinagh, a townland in O'Hanly^s country, 
near the old abbey of Clontuskert, in the county of Roscommon. — See Tribes and 
Customs of Hy-Many, p. 5, note ^^ and the map to the same work. 

Page 21 ^y line 15. 

And 0-Kelly at once with Jomhar hie eon so that Maneach-men were defeated, — This 
is intended for, "And O'Kelly was along with the son of Ivor, btit the men of Hy-Many 
were defeated." 

Page 215, lines 18. 

The Ofiely man of his own age and country (viz, of the Tuathas) t/tat was most 
praysed, — This is a closely literal translation of the Irish an caen peap oia aoip i 
oia ctp p6in ap m6 po molao. For the exact extent of the Three Tuathas of Con- 
naught, of which O'Hanly was sometimes the chief, see map to Tribes and Customs of 
Hy-Many, where these three districts are shewn on the west side of the river Shan- 
non, and under the names of cinel ooBcho, copca achlann, and cfp bpiuin na Sinna 

Page 215, line 25. 

Muintir-Radhuibh. — This was the tribe-name of the Mageraghtys, who were 
at this period situated in the Plain of Connaught ; but they were soon after removed, 
for in 1585 they were found by Inquisition to be in the barony of Athlone, in Hy- 
Many. 

Page 215, line 26. 

Ttdach-y-Mcelbrenyn. — This should be Teallach-y-Maslbrenyn, which means the 

family 



The Annals of Ireland^ from the Year 1443 to 1468. 275 

family of O'Mulrenin, who were seated in the parish of Baslick, near Ballintober, in 
the county of Roscommon. 

A. D. 1446. Page 215, line 27. 

Baiintobair, — Now Ballintober, a small village in the county of Boscommon, at which 
are the ruins of a magnificent castle erected by the O' Conors; but in what exact year 
has not as yet been determined. 

Page 215, line 29. 

Jochiar-Connaeht — L e. the lower or northern part of the province of Connaught. It 
is still popularly called in English ** Lower Connaught" 

Page 216, line 4. 

Fidhnacha. — Now Fenagh, in the barony and county of Leitrim. There was a mo- 
nastery erected here in the sixth century by St. Caillin, and there are still some 
curious ruins at the place. 

Page 216, line 17. 

Loch-duff. — There are five loughs of this name in the coimty of Westmeath. The 
one here referred to is probably the Loch-Dubh, or Black Lough, situated in the 
townland of Clonnikilvant, parish of Rathconnell, barony of Moycashel and Maghera- 
demon. — See the Ordnance map of Westmeath, sheet 20. The other loughs of this 
name are shewn on sheets 4, 8, 13, and 38. 

Page 216, line 18. 
ChCMky. — Li Lrish O'CoWaij, now always Coffey, without the prefix O*. 

Page 2i&,line 19. 

Cro-inis ofLoch-Ainin-'fitz^Nemhy. — In Irish Cpo-inip Coca Qmninn ihic NeiThi6, 
now Crowinish, situated in the north-west part of Loch Ainnin, anglice Lough Ennell, 
or Belvidere Lake, near MuUingar, in the county of Westmeath. For some account of 
the fabulous origin of the name Loch Ainninn mhic Neimhidh, the reader is referred to 
the Book of Lecan, foL 261, a, &y to Keating's History of Ireland (Halliday's edition), 
p. 176; and to O'Flaherty's Ogygia^ part III. c. 6* 

Page 216, line 25. 

Clan-feoraie, — This was an Irish tribe-name of that sept of the Berminghams who 
were seated in the barony of Carbury, in the north-west of the county of Kildare. 

A. D. 1447. Page 217, line 2. 

Besides her own mother. — The Irish, as given by the Four Masters, is " ^enmora 

2 N 2 a maraip 



276 The Annals of Ireland, from tlie Year 1443 to 1468. 

a macaip buooein,*' and means here, except her own mother. But ^enmoro, like the 
Latin proBter^ sometimes means except^ and sometimes besides: and the English besides 
is sometimes found used in this sense in old authors. 

A. D. 1447. Poffe 217, line 6. 
KiUaichy. — In Irish ciU acai6, now Elilleigh, a village in the barony of Geshill, in 
the King's County, about four miles to the south of Tullamore. Here are some 
remains of a great abbey erected by O'Conor Faly, and a holy well dedicated to the 
two SincheUs, the patron saints of the place. 

Pa^e 217, line 16. 
Castle Carbry. — Now Castlecarbury, a great castle now in ruins at a village of the 
same name in the barony of Carbury and King's County. 

Poffe 217, line 20. 
Ruffdy or Rubha, now Rawe. — This was a woody district, containing a castle, in 
O'Melaghlin's country, in the county Westmeath. See Inquisition taken at MuUin- 
gar, on the 15th of March, 1663, from which it appears that Hugh Mac Laghlin (cor- 
ruptly for O'Melaghlin) was possessed of the town and lands of Kowe, in the parish of 
Killare, barony of Rathconrath, and county of Westmeath.— See also the Ordnance 
Map of the county of Westmeath, sheet 24. 

Pa^e 217, last line. 
The country called Angaly, — This, which is called in Irish Qr\^aile, and usually 
anglicised Annaly, comprised the entire of the present county of Longford. 

Page 21%, line 13. 
SUmuiredhy, — In Iri^h 81I muipeaoai^, L e. Race of Muireadhach. This was the 
tribe-name of the O'Conors and their correlatives in the county of Roscommon, and 
became the name of the country of the O'Conors in the Plain of Connaught Its extent 
is preserved in the deanery of Silmurry. 

Page 218, line 27. 

Conala — ^i. e. the Priory of Connell, near the river Liffey, in the County of Kil- 
dare. — See Ware and Archdall's Monasticons. 

Page 218, line 27. 
The Barron of Calatrym^ — L e. Hussey, Baron of Galtrim, in Meath. 

Page 219, line 4. 
Maigh-aird. — The Editor has not been able to find any place of this name in the 

county of Kilkenny, or in any part of the ancient Ossory, 

A.D. 



The Annals of Ireland^ from the Tear 1443 to 1468. 277 

A. D. 1447* Page 219, line 14. 
Teagh-murry — i. e. St. Mary's Abbey at Trim, in Meath. 

A« D. 1448. Page 219, line 23. 

Durmy-Colum-Kille. — ^In Irish Oupiho^ Coluim ciUe, i. e. the oak-plain of St. 
Columbkille, now Durrow, in the Eong's County, where a famous monastery was 
erected by St Columkille before he went to Scotland. — See Adamnan ; Ussher's 
de Primordiis — pp. 690, 691 ; and Britaniearum Ecdenarum Antiquitates — London, 
1687, p. 361. 

Page 219, line 27. 

KtU-eofUa — L e. St. Conla's church, now Kilconly, a church and parish in the 
barony of Dunmore, and county of Gal way. 

Page 219, line 28. 

Ath'Leathyn. — In Irish ar learan, or baile ara leorain, now Ballylahan, in the 
barony of Gallen, and county of Mayo. This was a town of considerable importance, 
belonging to the family of Mac Jordan de Exeter ; but it is now a mean hamlet of no 
interest. 

Page 219, line 30. 

0-Locldynn of Boirnn — i. e. O'Loughlin of Burren, a barony in the north of the 
county of Clare. 

Page 220, line i. 

KiUeulind. — In Irish ciU cuiUinn, now KilcuUen, in the county of Kildare. 

Page 220, line i. 

CasUe-martine, — Now Castlemartin, the seat of W. H. Carter, Esq., near Kilcullen, 
in the county Kildare. 

Page 220, line 13. 

Crich-roisdeach — Cptoc Poipeach, i. e. Roche's country, or the barony of Fer- 
moy, in the north of the county of Cork. 

Page 220, line 18. 

Killctdy-silinny, — In Irish, as written by the Four Masters, ceall cuile Silinne, 
now Killcooley, a parish in the barony and county of Roscommon. 

Page 220, line 28. 

Ttdiky. — Now Tulsk, a village in the plain of Machaire-Chonnacht, to the south 

of Elphin, in the county Roscommon. 

A. D. 



278 The Annals of Ireland, from the Year 1443 '^ 1468. 

A. D. 1448. Page 221, line 3. 
Luiny — Cuijne, now the barony of Leyny, in tie county of Sligo. 

Page 221 Jine 5. 
Corannrfnen, — ^i. e. the inhabitants of the barony of Corran, in the county of Sliga 

Page 221, line 18. 

Longford^O-ffeargaiL — ^Now the town of Longford, which was the chief seat of 
O'Farrell, in the county of Longford. 

Page 221, line 22. 

CurCoigricky O-mcelmoy. — ^Would be anglicised Cucogry, or Peregrine O'Molloy. 
The name'O'Duinn is now anglicised Dunne. 

Page 221, line 25. 

TirtuahyL — Cip Cuacail, now Tirhuahill, a district supposed to be co-extensive 
with the parish of Kilronan, in the north-east of the county of Boscommon; but it was 
anciently much larger. 

Page 222, line 3. 

Drumdorethiar. — ^Dpuim Dd eriap, L e. dorsum duorum dcemonutUj now Droma- 

haire, a village in a barony of the same name in the county of Leitrim. 

Page 222, line 7. 

Corcachlann. — Mac Branan's country, a territory in the east of the county of Ros- 
common, comprising the parishes of Bumlin, Kiltrustan, Cloonfinlough, and the 
western half of the present parish of Lissonuffy, which portion was anciently called 
the parish of Templereagh. — See Inquisition, 34 Eliz. 

Page 222, line 8. 
Dumha-Sealga on Magk-ay* — ^Duiiia Seal^o, L e. the mound of the chase. This 
moimd still exists, and is situated in the townland of Cams, a short distance to the 
south of the village of Tulsk, in the coimty of Roscommon. It is a green moat lying 
due east of Camfree. Magh-ay^ in Irish Hla^ Qoi, was the ancient name of the Plain 
of Connaught, comprising the countries of O'Connor Don and O'Connor Roe, in the 
county of Roscommon. 

Page 221, line 15. 

Abbot rfJBleeeed TrinUy on Loch-Ke — L e. abbot of the monastery of Trinity Island 
in Lough Key, near Boyle, in the county of Roscommon, 

A.D. 



The Annala of Irdand^from the Year 1443 to 1468. 279 

A. D. 1449. Page 222, line 24. 

The sepi of Mahou O^Eeilif, — This sept of the O'Reillys was seated in and gave 
name to the barony of Clanmahon, south-west of the county of Cavan. 

Fqge 223, line i. 

Silmcdmain, — 'This was the tribe-name of the O'Flynns of Gonnaught, and it 
also became the name of their territory, which comprised the entire of the parish of 
Kiltnllagh, and part of the parish of Kilkeevin, in the west of the county of Roscommon. 

Page iz^^ line i. 

Walter boy Mae Ooisdelbh^ i. e. yellow Walter Mac Costello, or Costello, as the 
name is now always written without the Mac. 

Page 223, line 4. 

jEnguB ton to Mac Domnayll ofScodand — i. e. Angus, or ^neas, son of Mac Don- 
neU, or Mac Donald, of Scotland. 

Page 223, line 15, 16. . 

duan-corr ^Now Cloonoor, in the parish of Ogulla, barony and county of Ros- 
common. 

Cluain Conny, — Now Clooncunny, in the parish of Elphin in the same barony. 

Droygnen. — Now Drinan, a townland in the same parish and barony. — See the 
Ordnance map of the county of Roscommon, sheets 22, 23. 

Eden-na- Creggey, — ^Now Eden, in the parish of Shankill, in the same barony. 

Page 223, line 16. 

0-Conner Roes catUes (hibemice Casrycbt) — L e. O'Conor Roe's cattle (hi&emiee 
caepuioeacc). — The Cseruidheacht more generaUy meant the shepherds of the cattle, 
in times of peace, and who used to drive the preys in times of war and mcursions. 

Page 223, line 26, 

I'Carbry. — A large territory in the county of Ck)rk now divided into four baronies 
called the Carberies. 

Page 223, line 29. 

Crlean-anrmuiluin. — This should be Gleann-an-mhuilinn. According to CoUins's 
pedigree of the late General O'Donovan, of Bawnlahan, Gleann-an-mhuilinn, L e. the 
glen of the mill, is a district containing twenty-eight ploughlands, in the parish of 
Kilmeen, in Carbery, in the county of Cork. 

A.D. 



28o The Annals of Ireland^ from the Year 1443 ^^ 1468. 

A. D. 1449. Paige 223, line 29. 
Remeannan. — ^Now obsolete, or disguised under some strange anglicised form. 

Page 224, line 2. 

Balimudan on the banke of the Eiuer Banda — L e. Ballymodan, on the bank of the 
River Bandon, close to the town of Bandon, in the county of Cork. 

Page 224, line 4. 

GUann-bethy, — In Irish J^^cl"" 6eire, i. e. glen or valley of the River Beitheach, 
now Glenbehy, a parish in the baronies of Iveragh, Dunkerron, and Magunihy, in the 
county of Kerry. 

Page 224, line 15. 

Balindare. — This is evidently the 6aile an claip, now Clare, in O'Conor Roe's 
country, in the parish of Cloonfinlough, in the barony and county of Roscommon. See 
the Ordnance Map of that county, sheets 28, 29. There is a Ballyclare in the parish of 
Clontuskert, near Lanesborough, in the same county ; and a Ballinclare Castle in the 
parish of Kilmacteige, barony of Leyny, and county of Sligo. See the Annals of the 
Four Masters, at the year 1490 (Editor's edition, p. 11 80, note *); also at the year 
15 1 2, where the castle of Ballinclare, in Leyny, is referred to under the name of bel 

an cl6ip. 

Page 225, line 18. 

Sonnach. — Now Sonnagh, about six miles from Mullingar, the seat of M. H. Tuite, 
Esq., the head of a branch of the Tuites of Westmeath. 

A. D. 1450. Page 225, line 22. 

Tuaralia, — In Irish Cuor para. A territory in the county of Fermanagh, comprised 
in the present barony of Magheraboy. 

Page 225, line 30. 
Chief Dan-maker — L e. a poem-maker, or mocker , as the Scotch call a poet. 

Page 226, line 2. 
Ratk-quary. — This should be Rathguary, or, as the Irish is, l^ac ^uaipe. The name 
is now anglicised Rathwire, but it is stiU called Bath-Ghuaire by those who speak 
Irish. It is situated in the parish of Killucan, barony of Farbill, and county of 
Westmeath. 

Page 226, line 2. 

KiU'Ltxain Now Killucan, a small village in the same parisL 

A.D. 



i 



The Annals of Ireland, from the Year 1443 to 1468. 281 

A. D. 1450. Page 226^ line 2. 
BaliporteB, — Now Portelstown, within one mile of Rathwire. 

Page 226, line 3. 

BaUy-ncMfigaU-oirgiaUagh — i. e. the town of the English of Oriel. There are eight 
places called Balljnagall in the county of Westmeath, but none of them has the 
adjunct Oirghiallagh at present added. The place here referred to is most probably 
the townland of Ballynagall in the parish of Portnashangan, in the barony of Corkaree, 
which is not far from Kilbixy, the place next mentioned in the text 

Page 226, line 3. 

KiUbiggiy — called in Irish by the Four Masters Cill 6icf i^e, L e. the church of 
St. Bigseach, a virgin whose festival was celebrated on the 4th of October; now Elil- 
bixy, in the barony of Moygoish, and county of Westmeath. This was an Anglo- 
Irish town of some importance, but it is not now even a hamlet. 

Page 226, line 6. 

Balimare'Laeha Semdg — ^Now Ballymore-Loghsewdy, in the county of Westmeath, 
situated nearly midway between Athlone and Mullingar. 

Page 226, line io« 

Belathd^-glasamaragh, — ^now called in Irish 6^al aca ^laif , and anglicised Balla- 
glass, or Ballyglass. It is now the name of a townland in the parish of Mullingar, 
in the county of Westmeath. 

Page 226, line 15. 

Muntir Eduie. — This was the tribe name of the Mac Bannalls, or Reynolds, and 
it also became the appeUation of their country, which was more anciently called 
Magh-Rein, and comprised about the southern half of the county of Leitrim. 

Page 227, line 12. 
Mae Johnine Baurke, — This name is anglicised Jennings. 

A. D. 1451. Page 227, line 24. 

Onelg besides her own body, — In the Dublin copy the reading is ** onely besides her 
own body," which is intended for " except only, or only except." 

Page 227, line 26. 

The feast dag of Dasinchdle in KiOaichg, — The feast day of the two Sinchells was 
celebrated at Killeigh on the 26th of March, according to the Irish Calendars. 

IBISH ARCH. SOC. MISCEL. VOL. I. 2 O A. D. 



282 The Annals of Irdand^ from the Year 1443 to 1468. 

A. D. 145 1. Page 228, line i. 

The Chieftaine. — -In the Dublin copy the reading is " the chief Bans," by which 
the scribe meant the chief Kinfines, or heads of each family who professed the liberal 
arts. 

Page 228, line 20. 

Ratk-Imatfn* — In Par im^ain, now Rathangan^ a small to¥m in the county of 
Kildare, on the north-east extremity of the Offaly. The rath, or earthen fort, from 
which this place has taken its name, is still to be seen in a field adjoining the church- 
yard of Rathangan, and situated to the right of the road as you go from Rathangan to 
Edenderry ; it is one hundred and eighty feet in diameter. 

Page 228, line 28. 

Inis Glaaire. — This should be Inis Gluaire, a small island sacred to Saint Brendan, 
off the coast of Erris, in the north-west of the county of Mayo. — See Genealogies, 
Tribes, and Customs of Hy-Fiachrach, p. 492, and the map to the same work. 

Page 229, line 6. 

Silnanmehada, — This territory is nearly coextensive with the barony of Longford, 
in the south-east of the county of Galway. — See map to Tribes and Customs of Hy- 
Many. 

Page 229, line 11. 
Feara-tulagk. — Now the barony of Fertullagh. 

Page 229, line 12. 

Sgmanetown* — Now Ballysimon, or Simonstown, in the barony of Fertullagh in 
Westmeath. 

Page 229, line 19. 

The Castle ofBalinua alias Newtowne, — Now Newtown, in the barony of Moycashel, 
in the county of Westmeath. According to a note in Mageoghegan's translation of 
the Annals of Clonmacnoise, at the year 1382, this castle belonged to that sept of the 
Mageoghegans called Sliocht-Ferall, who descended from Ferall Roe, Roe Mageoghe- 
gan, chief of the country of Eonel-Fiachach, who was slain in 1382. 

Page 229, line 24. 

Maghery Cuircney^^r-In Irish TTlacaipe Cuipcne, now the barony of Kilkenny West, 
adjoining the River Shannon in Westmeath. 

AD. 



The Annals of Ireland, from the Year 1443 to 1468. 283 

A. D. 1 45 1. Page 229, line 26. 

ImpeTy now Emper, a remarkable castle near the little town of BaUjnacargy, in 
the barony of Rathconrath and county of Westmeath. 

Page 230, line 3. 

The lands o/the Silky. — Called peapann na pee, i.e. the land of the fairy mount, by 
the Four Masters. This is evidently the townland now called Sheean, and situated in 
Mac Keogh*s country, in the parish of Taghmaconnell, in the county of Roscommon. — 
See O'Flaherty's Ogygia, Part III. c. 21, where it is stated that sidhe means a beauti- 
ful lull, the fictitious habitation of the sidhe^ or fairies. 

Page 230, line 5. 

Mac Eoehy.'^Noyr Keogh. The Four Masters wrote this Hle^ G6ca^atn, i e. Ma- 
geoghan, which is obviously an oversight for mac 6o6a6a. — ^See the £ditor*s transla- 
tion of the Annals of the Four Masters, p. 974, note '. 

Page 230, line 7. 

Carrafinngy Copao Pine. — The weir of Finnia (a woman's name), a townland in 
the parish of Ctunmer, barony of Clare, and county of Galway. — See the Ordnance 
map of Galway, sheet 57, and the map to The Tribes and Customs of Hy-Many. 

Page 230, line 12. 

Cluain-crendia — ^L e. the lawn, meadow, or insulated boggy p^turage of the wild 
garlick, now Clooncraff, and sometimes incorrectly shortened to Cloonaff, a parish 
situated to the east of Elphin, in the county of Roscommon. Archdall supposes this 
to be the same as the famous monastery of Cluain-Coirpthe, founded, not by St. Patrick, 
as he says, but by St Berach in the desert of Kinel-Dofa, afterwards O'Hanly's country, 
but he is entirely wrong. — See the Editor's edition of the Annals of the Four Masters, 
note \ under the year 1405, p. 783. 

Page 230, line 15. 

Bdlimore'I'fflgn, — Now Ballymore, a townland in the parish and barony of Boyle, 
in the county of Roscommon. This townland belonged to O'Flynn, Erenagh of Eas 
Ui-Fhluinn, now Assylin, near the town of Boyle (not to O'Flynn of Ballinlough) ; 
and in an Inquisition taken in the reign of James I. it is called Ballymore- Assilin. 

A. D. 1452. Page 231, line 9. 

Kend-moan, — This was the tribe-name of the O'Grormlys and many other correla- 
tive families of the Blinel-Owen race, who were originally seated in the barony of 

2 O 2 Raphoe, 



284 TheAnnols of Ireland, from the Year 1443 to 1468. 

Raphoe, in the county of Donegal, but on the increasing power of the O'DonneUs 
these were driven across the River Foyle, and their country was attached to Tir- 
connelL An old map of Ulster, made in the reign of Elizabeth or James L, and pre- 
served in the State Papers' Office, shews the country of O'Grormly as extending along 
the east side of the Foyle from near Derry to Strabane. 

A. D. 1452. Page 231, line 9. 

Inie-eogain—i.Q, Eoghan's island, now Inishowen, a well-known barony in the north- 
east of the county of DonegaL 

Page 231, line 13. 

Corr-Sliaithna-Seagea. — ^Written by the Four Masters Coippfliab na peajfa, 
now the Curlieu mountains, or, as they are more generally called, the Curlew hills, 
lying between Boyle and Ballinafad, on the borders of the counties of Sligo and Ros- 
common. 

Page 231, line 15. 

Vaithn^, — In Irish Uairne, a district lying partly in the county of Limerick and 
partly in the county of Tipperary, now the baronies of Owny. The castle of Uaithne 
was at the village of Owney, now Abington, in that part of O'Mulrian's, or Rian's, 
country now comprised in the county of Limerick. 

Page 231, line 26. 

David 0-mordha^ son to the King of Lysy^ and one that ought to be King of Lgsg, 
woe slain by a fall, — This passage is given as follows by the Four Masters: 

" 1452. Dauio ua n>6p6a mac ci^eopna laoi^ipi bo ThapBa6 la heaf^ap. 

" David O'More, son of the Lord of Laoighis [Leix] was killed by a falL" 

Here we have Mac Firbis's authority for translating the word eapjap " a fall," 
which is very satisfactory, as modem Irish scholars differ so much about its meaning. 

Page 232, line 2. 

FMyr, — Now Fore, in Westmeath. This passage is given in Irish by the Four 
Masters as follows: 

" 1452. Cacal mac Uilliam mic Sfain mic DoThnaiU ui peop^il 00 map5a6 
Dupcop 5a lap lopcao pobaip le6. 

*•*• Cathal, son of William, son of John, son of Donnell O'Farrell, was killed by the 
cast of a dart after the burning of Fore by them \recte him]." 

Here Mac Firbis renders b'upoap 5a " by throwing a dart at him," and preserves 
the imperfection of the original construction by using theg instead of he. This is a 

curious 



The Annals of Irdand^ from the Tear 1443 '^ 1468. 285 

curious proof that the Four Masters transcribed many entries verbatim into their text 

from the Annals before them. Our author's use of the perfect tense Ihetf have, for ihey hady 

is, of course, incorrect. 

A. D. 1452. Page i^iy line 4. 

ChuUn-Corpey, — All our topographical writers have mistaken the situation of this 
celebrated monastery. It is written Cluain coippri by the Four Masters. In the 
FeUire AenguiSy at the 15th of February, it is described as 1 nDirpiB cenel ooBra 
I cconnaccaiB, i. e. "in the desert or wilderness of Banel-Dofa in Connaught." In 
a marginal note in an autograph copy of the Annals of the Four Masters, preserved 
in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin, ad. ann. 1405, O'Flaherty adds, from 
0'Mulconry*s Annals, that Cluain- Coirpthe is situated " In margine Sinanni jluviV^ 
The place is still well known to the natives of Slieve Baune, in the east of the county 
of Roscommon, who point out the ruins of St Barry's monastery in a c/uat'n, or bog- 
island, in the townland of Kilbarry, near the brink of the Shannon, in the parish of 
Termonbarry, in the desert of Kinel-Dofa, or O'Hanly's country. Archdall, and from 
him all the topographical Irish writers to the present day, have asserted that Cluain 
Coirpthe, where a monastery was founded by St. Berach in the sixth century, is the 
church of Clooncraff, which Archdall places in the barony of Athlone, in the county 
of Roscommon, but this assertion, which has led so many astray, involves a double 
error, for Cluain- Coirpthe is not Clooncraff, nor is Clooncraff in the barony of Ath- 
lone. — See the Editors edition of the Annals of the Four Masters, at the years 1238, 
p. 294, and 1405, p. 783, where Cluain-Coirpthe is proved to be Kilbarry in Ter- 
monbarry, on the brink of the Shannon; and at the year 1488, p. 1157, where it is 
proved that Clooncraff, lying to the east of Elphin in the barony of Roscommon, in 
Mac Branan's country, is the place called by the Annalists Cluain- Creamha, Le. the 
meadow, or pasturage, of the wild garlic, which was one of St Finnen's churches. 

Page 232, line 14. 
Ath-fir-dia-fitz-Baman — Called by the Four Masters baile Qca pipoia m ic Oamam, 
L e. the town of the ford of Ferdia, son of Daman, now the town of Ardee, in the county 
of Louth.— See Ussher's Primordia^ p. 867, and O'Flaherty's Ogygia^ Part iii. c. 47, 

p. 280. 

Page 232, line 17. 

The Ckude ofLegey. — Catf len lei^e, i. e. the castle of Ley, or Lea. The ruins of 

this great fortress, which was built in the thirteenth century by the Fitzgeralds, and 

afterwards wrested from them by the O'Dempseys, is situated near the road, on the 

right bank of the river Barrow, in the barony of Portnahinch, about^ three miles to 

the west of Monastereven, and one mile to the south of Portarlington. 

A.D. 



286 The Annals oflrdand^ from the Year 1443 to 1468. 

A. D. 1452. Page 232, line 19. 

Aireamh, — This name, which is anglicised Eiriff, and Errew, in other parts of Ire- 
land, is now obsolete in Clanmaliere) but it is given on an old map of Leiz and Offalj, 
made in the reign of Philip and Mary, and preserved in the British Museum as "Irray," 
and shewn as near the Barrow, There is another place called Erry in the parish of 
Kilbride, barony of Kilcoursey, and King's County. — See the Ordnance map of that 
county, sheet 8. 

Page 232, line 20. 

I-ffaly^ Uf pailje, — A large territory in Leinster, which originally comprised the 
baronies of eastern and western Ophaly, in the county of Kildare, those of Portnahinch 
and Tinnahinch in the Queen's County, and that portion of the King's County included 
in the diocese of Kildare and Leighlin. — See Battle of Magh Hath, note ^ pp. 243, 244. 
Shortly after the English invasion, however, the Fitzgeralds of Elildare wrested from 
O' Conor Faly and his correlatives that portion of his original territory of Ui-Failghe, 
comprised in the present county of Klildare. There were then two Offalys formed out 
of the ancient Ui-Failghe, namely, the English Ophaly in the county of Kildare, 
giving the title of Baron to a branch of the Fitzgeralds, and the Irish Ui-Failghe, 
extending into the present King's and Queen's Counties, and giving the Irish title of 
King of Ui-Failghe to O'Conor, the senior representative of Rossa Failghe, the eldest 
son of Cahir More, Monarch of Ireland, in the second century. 

Page 232, line 23. 

Magk'hregmang, — This is to be distinguished from the barony of Breaghmhaine, 
or Brawney, in the county of Westmeath, with which it has been confounded by some 
modem writers. Magh-Breaghmhaine, anglicised Moy-brawne, is the name of a well- 
known district in the county of Longford, comprised principally in the barony of 
Shrule, but extending also into the baronies of Ardagh and Moydoe. According to 
an Inquisition taken at Ardagh on the 4th of April, in the tenth year of the reign of 
James I., that portion of the territory of Moybrawne, comprised in the barony of 
Shrule, contains the townland of Barry, and twenty-three other denominations speci- 
fied in this Inquisition, and which retain their names to the present day. 

Page 232, line 23. 

> The casde ofBarrca^ called caipUn 6appca by the Four Masters, now the castle 
of Barry, lying in ruins near the small village of the same name in the parish of 
Taghshinny, in the barony of Shrule and county of Longford. This was the head 
castle of Moybrawne. 

A. D. 



The Annals of Ireland^ from the Year 1443 to 1468. 287 

A. D. 1452. Page 232, line 26. 

Magh-many^ Xl^o^ TTIaine, i. e. the plain of Maine. It appears from a manuscript 
account of O'Reilly's country, preserved in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin, 
H. I, 15. that this district is on the east side of Lough Sheelin, in the barony of Clan- 
mahon, in the county of Cavan. 

Page 232, line 27. 

Maghery-orgiaU^ macaipe Oip^all, L e. the plain of Oirgiall. This territory 
comprised the level part of the county of Louth. 

Poge 233, line 24. 

The Cranncg of Logh-keey, cpanno^ loca leipe, L e. the wooden house of Lough 
Leise. This name is not remembered in the country at present, but there are various 
evidences to shew that Loch Leise was the old name of Muickenagh Lough, which 
divides O'Hanly's country from Tir-Briuin-na-Sinna, in the east of the county of 
Roscommon. In this lough, not far from the old church of Kilglass, there is a small 
island called ppfopiin a' Oubalcai^, i. e. Dudley's prison, on which Dubhaltach, or 
Dudley O'Hanly, is said to have had a prison. 

Page 234, line i. 

Mac ffeory Laighnagk, i. e. Mac Feorais, or Bermingham, of Leinster, i. e. Ber- 
mingham of Carbury in the county of Kildare. 

Page 234, line 4. 

Tegh-muna^ Ueac fTlunna, i. e. St Munna's house, now Taghmon, a townland 
containing the ruins of a castle in a parish of the same name, in the barony of Moy- 
cashel and Magheradernon in the county of Westmeath. — See the Ordnance map of 
that county, sheets 12 and 13. 

Page 234, line 8. 

Afothar^ now Moher, near Ballymahon, in the county of Longford. 

Page 234, line 10. 

BaH-atAa-an-vragkyr^ baile ara an upcuip, now Ardnurcher, alias Horseleap, in 
the barony of Moycashel in Westmeath. 

Page 234, line 11. 

Bd-an-Alha'Soluia. — ^Mouth of the ford of the light. This was near the hill of 
Uisneach in Westmeath* Kenel-£nda was the name of a small territory in Einel 
Fiachrach, abutting on the hill of Uisneach. — See O'Flaherty's Ogygia^ Part IIL c 85. 

A. D. 



288 The Annals of Ireland^ from the Year 1443 to 1468. 

A. D. 1452, Page 234, line 26. 

Leaccain of the Rubha^ a hill in the townland of Rowe, in the barony of Rathcon- 
rath in Westmeath. 

Page 235, line 6. 

Killed by a fail, — Here is another instance of Mac Firbis translating the Irish word 
eapjap by ** a falL" The Irish is given by the Four Masters as follows : 

1452. 6pian mac an oalbai^ ui concobaip -] maip^ei^e do ihapBab Id heof^op. 

Page 235, line 10. 

BalicoUyfower, — This name occurs twice in the Annals of the Four Masters, 
namely, at the year 1409, where it it is written, baile coiUce po^ip, and at 1452, 
where it is written baile coiUe po^aip, of which latter form BalicoUyfower is an 
anglicising. The place is still called baile coille poj;aip by those who speak Irish, but 
it now anglicised Castlefore, which is applied to a small village in the barony and 
county of Leitrim, which, according to tradition, was the seat of a branch of the 
O'Duigennans, who kept a bardic school there in ancient times. 

Page 235, line 27. 

Many good peeces on iU — The meaning of this is obscure, but it is quite evident 
that it alludes to the price obtained for it. It is not in the Annals of the Four Masters. 

A. D. 1453. Page 236, line i. 

Conmacne de Dunmore, now the barony of Dunmore, in the north of the county 
of Gralway. — See map to Tribes and Customs of Hy-Many, 

Page 236, line 12. 

Ardglassy, called Qpb ^laipi by the Four Masters under this year, now Ardglass, 
a well-known village in the south of the barony of Lecale, in the county of Down. 

Page 236, line 14. 

The skippers of the Britons. — The Irish, as given by the Four Masters, is more 
intelligible than this translation. For the skippers of the Britons they give loinj^eap 
coccai6 DO bpiocaineacaiB, a war fleet of the Britons. Leland, in his History of 
Ireland, book iiL c. 2, quoting Mac Firbis's Annals, asserts that the Archbishop of 
Dublin was made prisoner on this occasion by the O^Nialls, who, " having intelligence 
of some English vessels sailing from the port of Dublin, fitted out a fleet of barks, 
attacked them in their passage, rifled them, made the passengers their prisoners, among 
whom was the Archbishop of Dublin, and returned laden with their spoil, and exult- 
ing 



The Annals of Ireland, from the Year 1443 '^ 1468. 289 

ing in their success." But he has totally mistaken the meaning of the passage as 
translated by Mac Firbis. The fact was, that the Archbishop of Dublin was taken 
prisoner by Welsh pirates, and that the Dublin fleet who went in pursuit of them 
put in at Ardglass, where they assisted the Savadges in a battle fought against the 
son of O'Neill of Clannaboy. — See the Editor's translation of the Annals of the Four 
Masters, note \ p. 986. 

A. D. 1453. Page 236, line 20. 

luaagh Uf 6arac, dat pL UiB Sarac, now Iveagh, in the county of Down. 

A. D. 1454 Page 237, line i. 

MagranyU (angliee Eeynoldsy — This shews that the Mac Rannalls of the county of 
Leitrim had anglicised their name to Beynolds at an early period. 

Page 237, line 12. 

In hisgiwea. — The Irish, as given by the Four Masters, is hi ccuibpeac, but they 
more frequently use the word 1 na ^eimliB for the " in his giwes" of Mac Firbis. 

Page 237, line 17. 

Since Ludh lamoda east the tathluibh, — This observation is omitted by the Four 
Masters. It alludes to a passage in the Second Battle of Moyturey, where Lugh 
Lamhfhadoy or Looee of the Long Hand, King of the Tuatha de Dananns (A. M. 2764), 
killed his maternal grandfather, Balor Bemeann of Tory Island, who was of the Fomo- 
rian race, by a cast from a crann tabhuill, or sling, by which he destroyed his eye, 
which was fabled to have had the power of turning men into stones, like the head of 
Medusa. This story, which is alluded to by O'Flaherty in his Qgygia^ Part IIL c. 13, 
is still told on Tory Island, and on the adjacents of Donegal, where they retain vivid 
traditions of Balor, and his grandson Lughaidh of the Long Hand. 

Page 238, line i. 

T^onuu fitz John fitz MeyUr dexter^-^L e. Thomas, son of John, son of Meyler de 
Exeter. This family is now called Jordan ; they were chiefs of Ath-leathan, now Bally- 
lahan, in the barony of Gallen and county of Mayo. 

Page 238, line 7. 

Fer-KeU. — A territory in the now King's County, comprising the baronies of Fir- 
call, Ballycowan, and Ballyboy. It was the most southern territory in the ancient 
Meath, and its southern boundary is still preserved in that of the diocese of Meath. 

IRI8H AECH. 80C. MI8CELL. VOL I. 2 P A. D. 



ago The Anruds of Ireland^ from the Year 1443 ^ 1468. 

A. D. 1454. Page 238, Une 13. 

I'Rictgans, — This was the tribe-name of the O'Dmmes of Duthaidh-Biagain, now 
the barony of Tinnahinch, in the Queen's County, where the chief of the O'Dunnes, 
Major Francis Dunne, of Brittas, a member of the Irish Archaeological Society, the 
son of the late Greneral Dunne, enjoys a considerable tract of the ancient territory. 

Page 238, line 25. 

KiUmaraan. — CiU TT1anc6in, L e. Eedesia eancH Mantanu This is the ancient and 
present Irish name for the town of Wicklow. Ussher states in his Primordia^ p. 846, 
that the place which Giraldus Cambrensis calls Wykingelo, and the English Wicklo, 
is called by the Irish Kilmantan. It should also be remarked, that Concxie Chille 
TTlancdin is still the Irish name for the county of Wicklow. 

Page 238, line 29. 

Clann Kehemyee* — This is still the name of a well-known district in the parish of 
Elilkeeyin, near Castlerea, in the west of the county Boscommon. See O'Flaherty's 
Ogygia^ part iiL c 46, where the author states that the territory anciently called 
Kerry-ai, was called Clann-Ketherin in his own time. 

Page 239, line 3. 

^Sbor-mor.— Now Scurmore, a townland on the east of the River Moy, opposite the 
island of Bartragh, in the barony of Tireragh, and county of Sligo. — See Genealogies, 
Tribes, and Customs of Hy-Fiachrach, p. 497, and the map to that work. This name 
is incorrectly written Stormor by Archdall, who places it in Tirawley. 

Page 239, line 9. 
Dioccesis Aladeneis — ^i. e. the diocese of Eallala. 

A. D. 1455. ^^ ^39* ^^^^ ^5' 
Escaped out qfkisgiuues — ^i.e. escaped from prison or from fetters. The Irish as 
given by the Four Masters is as foUows : 

*' 1455. 6npi mac u\ H61II Buiohe do cocc ap a ^fifhel 6 jallaiB.^' 

Page 239, line 29. 

The Caelle qfSraide — ^L e. the castle of the street. This castle, which was other- 
wise called Caislen Muighe Breacraighe, and Caislen Sraide Muighe Breaoraighe, stood 
at the small village of Street, in the barony of Moygoish, and county of Westmeath. 

AD. 



The Annals oflrdand^ from the Year 1443 to 1468. 291 

A. D. 1456. Page 239, lati line. 

Afiagh, — Gtipceac, a territory. A district comprising the parishes of Tibohine 
and Kilnamanagh, in the old barony of Boyle (now Frenchpark), in the County of 
Roscommon* — See map to Tribes and Customs of Hy-Many. 

Page 240, line 4. 

Clann-jEdhaqfiAe mountaine — L e. the race of Hugh of the Mountain. This was 
the name of a sept of the (yFarrells seated in the barony and county of Longford, at 
the foot of the moimtain now called Cam-Clanhugh. The exact extent and townlands 
contained in this tetritory are given in an Inquisition taken at Ardagh on the 4th of 
April, in the tenth year of the reign of James I. 

Page 240, line 5. 

Lord of the woods — L e. of the woods called Coilte Choncobhair. This was the name 
of a woody district situated between the rivers Feorish and Arigna, in the north-east 
of the barony of Boyle, in the county of Boscommon* The woods of this district are 
shewn on an old nuip made by L. Browne in the reign of James I., of which there is a 
copy in the MS. Library of Trinity College, Dublin. 

A D. 1457. Page 24c, line 11. 

Ihix of Gann^andg o-ffeargdL — Called by the Four Masters ci^eupna clainne ham- 
UxoiB uf peop^ail. Lord of the Clann Auliffe O'Farrell. The territory belonging to 
this sept of the OTarrells is included in the present barony of Moydoe, in the coimty 
of Longford. For its exact extent, and the townlands therein comprised, the reader is 
referred to an inquisition taken at Ardagh, on the 4th of April, in the tenth year of 
the reign of James I. 

AD. 1458. Page 240, lint 13. 

Magh Luyrg-Artagh-and TifiuahagL — In Irish fTki^ luip^, Qipceac, andCtpCua- 
call. These territories are all included in the old barony of Boyle, in the coimty of 
Boscommon, and still retain their names : Airteach is the western portion ; Tir-Tuathal, 
now Tiruahill, the north-eastern; and Moylurg, the level portion, now commonly 
called the plains of Boyle. Corran, the other territory, which belonged to Mac Der- 
mot at this period, is the present barony of Corran, in the county of Sligo. 

Page 240, line 25. 

Choker ihegreaie — L e. Caraoip TT16p, or Cahir the Greate, monarch of Ireland of 
the Leinster race, A. D. 1 74. He is the ancestor of O'Conor Faly, O^Dempsey, O'Dunne, 
and of most of the chieftains of Leinster. 

2P2 A. D. 



292 The Annals cf Ireland^ from the Year 1443 to 1468. 

A. D. 1458. Page 241, line 3. 

For kis/ormositiej S^e, — The Irish of this passage is given by liie Four Masters as 
follows : 

1458. Gmann a bupc ci^eapna ^11 connacc ^ mopdin ha ^oi6ealai6, aon 
poja jail Gpeann ap oelb, ap odnaiir, op eineac, ap uaiple, ap fee, -| ap pipinne 
1 nDeipCD na bliaona po. 

Here it will be observed that Mac Firbis translated from a «ext different from that 
famished by the Fonr Masters in words and arrangement : belB -| benaih would be 
very well translated by " formositie and proportion of person;** uaiple, by " gentilitie 
of blood;** eineac, by "hospitalitie;** and pipinne^^by "truth;** but the Four Masters 
have no word corresponding with the martial feats of Mac Firbis [which would be 
^ipcCo, or ean^nam], nor has he a word to correspond with their ice, which means 
** demetieyJ^^ 

A. D. 1460. Page 241, line 13. 

Moyn. — In Irish mai^in, now Moyne, in the barony of Tirawley, and ooimty of Mayo. 
The remains of this beautiful and extensive building are still to be seen on the west 
side of the River Moy near its mouth, about a quarter of a mile from the road leading 
from Ballina to Killala. 

Pa^e 241, line 20. 

Lis-ard'Atila, — ^liop diptnablo, L e. the fort of Apple-hill, now Lisardowlin, a town- 
land in the parish of Templemichael, in the coimty of Longford, about three miles to 
the west of the town of Longford. Near its centre there is a curious moat and rampart, 
from which, no doubt, it derived its name. 

Page 241, line 28. 

Corca'Baskyn, Copca baipcmn, pronounced Corca-Vaskin, a territory comprising 
the baronies of Moyarta and Clonderalaw, in the south-west of the county of Clare. 

Page 242, line 7. 

Argadgkann^ ciipS^S^ionn. — There is now no place bearing this name in the ter- 
ritory of Tir-Tuathail, or in its vicinity. It was probably the name of the vale of the 
river Arigna, which forms for some miles the boundary between the counties of Sligo 
and Leitrim; but this is not certain. — See the map to Grenealogies, Tribes, and Cus- 
toms of Hy-Fiachrach. 

A. D. 1 46 1. Page 242, line 12. 

Hospitalitie to all receuers of gifts. — This Irish, as given by the Four Masters, is 
" aoi6ea6caipe DeccpiB i Da jac aon no pigeao a Ifp." 

A-D. 



The Annals of Irdani^ from the Year 1443 ^ 1468. 293 

A.D. 1461. Fa^ 242, line 19. 

Cvlofinn^ cCiil 6 5pinrv— L e. the comer or angle of the O'FinnSy now Ck)olayin, a 
barony in the south of Sligo. 

Page 243, line 10, 

TeaghrdorCvndy. — Called by the Four Masters z\% Da coinne, but more correctly 
Teach Dachonna, L e. St Dachonna's house, in Mageoghegan's translation of the Annals 
Clonmacnoise under the year 1466. The name is now anglicised Tiaquin. It was first 
applied to a primitive Irish church, and afterwards to a castle, from which the barony 
of Tiaqidn, in the county of Galway, received its name. * 

Page 243, line 14. 

Raith-na-Bomanaeh — ^L e. arx Romanorum^ fort of the Romans, now Ranaro- 
vanagh, a townland in the parish of Kilmore, near Elphin, in O'Beirne's country, in 
the east of the county of Roscommon. 

Page 243, line 19. 

Clmain {APNoie-fiz-Jidhy) — called by the Four Masters, at this year, cluam mac 
noip mic pio6ai3, L e. the pasturage or meadow of the swine of the son of Nos, 
son of Fiodhach, who was one of the sept of the Dealbhna Eathra. It is, however, 
more generally called by them cluam mic noip mic pio6ai^. It is the name of a 
famous ecclesiastical establishment foimded by St. Kieran in the sixth century, 
situated on the River Shannon, in the barony of Garrycastle, and Eang*s Cotmty. 

Page 243, line 24. 

S. Kill — ^i. e. of Shankill, a parish situated immediately to the west of Elphin, in 
the county of Roscommon. — See Ordnance Map of that County, sheets 16, 17. 

Page 244, line i. 

Cam-fryfXzfidhy, — Called by the Four Masters Capn ppaoic ihic pioaij polc- 
puaio, i. e. the Cam of Fraech, son of Fiodoach of the red hair. This earn is situated 
in the townland of Cams, parish of Ogulla, barony and cotmty of Roscommon, and 
about half a mile to the south of the village of Tulsk. —See the Dinnsenchus in the 
Book of Lecan, foL 243, p. a, col. a, where the situation of this cam is distinctly pointed 
out. — See also the Editor^s note to the Annals of the Four Masters, A.D. 1225, p. 221. 

Page, 224, line 3. 

Onafiz JEfngue his sept — L e. the Mac Branans, who were seated in the territory 
of Corca- Achlann, in the east of the county of Roscommon. Ona, the son of ^ngus, 
their ancestor, was a noble Druid, and Lord of the district of Corca- Achlann in the 

time 



294 The Annals of Irdand, from the Year 1443 to 1468. 

time of St Patrick, and is said to have made a present of his residence, called Imleach- 
Ona, then included in Corca-Achlann, to the saint, who there founded the episcopal 
see of Elphin.— See the Tripartite Life of St. Patrick, published by Colgan, Hb. ii. 
c 45 ; O'Flaherty's Ogyguh P»rt iii. c. 79; and Lanigan's Ecclesiastical History of Ire- 
land, voL L p. 242. 

A. D. 1461. Page 244, line 6. 

The halfe town of Clare — called by the Four Masters Ifcbaile an cl6ip, L e. the 
half townland of Clarei now Ballyclare, a townland in the parish of Cloontuskert^ in 
the east of the county of Roscommon. 

Page 244, line 17. 

Drum'torlingy. — Now Drumhurling, or Drumhurlin, in the parish of Taghmon, 
barony of Corcaree, and county of Westmeath. — See the Ordnance Map of that 
county, sheet 13. 

Page inline 18. 

Wherein they being shooeing their horsesj their army and Jorhme hopes preying and 
burning Meath on all sides round about them^ vntiB it was later end of the day, — This is 
nearly a literal translation of a corresponding passage in the Annals of the Four Mas- 
ters, which runs as follows: 

** &abappi6e a^ cpafceo a neac, -| a rl^a^ -| a f ipre ace cpeaclofccao li^x ini6e 
ma eeifnceoll co nona.*' 

Page 244, line 26. 

From theLeyses. — The Four Masters have pop lebufxsooib, which means from the 
Ledwiches. 

Page 244, line 27. 

Ethney — ^i. e. the river Inny. This river rises in the county of Meath, passes 
through Lough Sheelin, Lough Kinell, Loiigh Derryvaragh, and Lough Lx>n, and loses 
its name and waters in Lough Ree, in the Shannon, a few miles to the south-west of 
Ballymahon, in the county of Longford. The river was considered the boundary 
between north and south Teffia in the time of St. Patrick. 

Page 244, line 28. 

Ploman — ^L e. of Portloman, now Portlemon, on the margin of Lough Owel, near 
Mullingar. — See Colgan's Acta Sanctorum^ p. 363 ; and Ussher's Primordia, p. 966. 

Page 245, line 7. 

Clanmaieny-Eogyn — Clannmaicne Go^ain, now the barony of Clanmacnowen 
(corruptly Clonmacnoon), in the east of the county of Galway. 

A.D. 



The Annals of Irdand, from the Year 1443 to 1468. 295 

A. D. 1462. Page 246, line 3. 

Chtanyn — ^now Clooneen, in the parish of Kilglass, barony and county of Roscom- 
mon. See the Ordnance map of that county. Sheet 23. 

Page 246, line 23. 

/carm^now Ikerrin, a barony in the north of the county Tipperary, anciently 
the country of the O'Meaghers. This was originally considered a part of north Ely, 
of which O'Carroll was the head chieftain. 

Page 247, line i. 

Oaue lands to his cattle, and quarters to his men, — The Irish, as given by the Annals 
of the Four Masters runs as follows: t>o pab pfponn bia cfchpailS -| coiniheao eipe oia 
Thuincip. In this sentence coinihecro cfpe, literally means " the Coigng of the Country.^^ 
O'Farrell on this occasion billeted Mac Branan's people on the farmers of his territory. 

Page 247, line 4. 
Ardhema — i. e. the high gap. This name is now obsolete. Clancathyl, or 
Clann-Chathail, was the name of O'Flanagan's country, extending from Belanagare to 
£lphin, in the county of Roscommon. 

Page 247, line 17. 

Port Largy. — pope Wipje, Le. Lairge's port. This is the ancient and present Irish 
name of the city of Waterford. It seems to have been derived from a Danish chieftain, 
Lairge, or Larac, or, as the Danes write it. Largo, who is mentioned in the Annals of 
the Four Masters at the year 951. The name Waterford b that which is given to 
the city by the Danes or Norsemen, who called it YeSraf jor%r, which is supposed to 
signify " weather-bay" or lake. 

Page 247, line 19. 

Sett Batle. — It appears from a fragment of a copy of the Psalter of Cashel, made for 
Mac Richard Butler in 1450, and now preserved in the Bodleian Library at Oxford, 
Laud, 610, that this battle was fought at Baile-an-Phoill, now Pilltown, a neat village 
belonging to the Earl of Bessborough, near Carrick-on-Suir, in the barony of Iverk, 
and county of Kilkenny ; and that after the battle, Mac Richard was obliged to give 
up to Thomas Earl of Desmond this very copy of the Psalter of Cashel, and also the 
Book of Carrick. — See Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, vol. iL p. 336. 

Page 247, line 26. 
Besides all that was eaten by doggs and by/bules of the am.-— The Irish of this is 

given 



296 The Annals of Ireland^ from the Year 1443 '^ 1468. 

given by tbe Four Masters : cenmocd a nouooap coin -| eocameocu The literal 
translation is '' besides all that dogs and birds devoured*^ In this phrase buooap is the 
third person plural past tense of irim, I eat ; and eocaiDeaoa is the plural of earaioe, 
which is still a living word denoting bird of prej. 

A. D. 1462. Page 247, line 30. 

In an impregnable strong hold. — The Irish as given by the Four Masters is, bat an 
ciapla occ upihuman fin co na Sha;coib 1 mbaile oain^Cn, -) nochop peabao a 
co2;ail, L e. that young Earl was with his Englishmen in a strong town, and it could 
not be demolished. 

Fa^e 248, line 8. 

KiUin. — There is a townland of Eilleen, in the parish of Shankhill, in the barony 
and county of Boscommon. 

Page 248, line 21. 

Nuaeongwdl — called Huaoon^Bail by the Four Masters at this year, now Nough- 
aval, the name of a church and a townland, and also of a parish, lying partly in the 
county of Longford, and partly in Westmeath. According to the Irish Calendar of 
the O'Clerys, a Bishop Fachtna was the patron saint of this church, at which his me- 
mory was celebrated on the 19th of January. 

Page 248, line 29. 

Befroiha-na-Pail^ey — i. e. the mouth of the ford of Pailis. This was the name of 
a ford on the river Inny, which forms the northern boundary of the townlands of Pal- 
lisbeg and Pallismore, in the parish of Fergny, barony of Shrule, and county of Long- 
ford. 

A. D. 1463. Page 249, line 19. 

dan Sir-Dauid — ^i. e. the race of Sir David Burke, who were seated at Glinsk, 
near the river Suck, in the barony of Ballymoe, and county of Gal way. 

Page2^<^y line 21. 
Clanrbibsy, — ^A tribe and district near the Shannon, in the county of Leitrim. 

Page 249, line 28. 

0-J?ro^n— (Bim) now always Bjrme without the prefix O'. It is pronounced in 
Irish O'Brin. 

Page 250, line 4. 

Bama-in-iuber — ^L e. the gap of the yew, now obsolete. 

A.D. 



The Annals of Ireland, from the Year 1443 '^ 1468. 297 

A. D. 1463. Page 250, line 8. 

£a«-(/a-Conna,«— i. e. the Cataract of St. Dachonna (the Son of Eire). This cataract 
is sometimes called Eas mic n-Eirc, i. e. the cataract of the son of Eire, and now always 
ear "^ plomn, anglice Assylin, i. e. O'Flynn's Cataract, from O'Flynn, the Coarb or 
lay incumbent of the church so called, which is situated on the north bank of the 
river Boyle, opposite the cataract, about six furlongs to the west of the town of Boyle 
in the County of Boscommon. 

Page 250, linee 24. 

Clann-Cdman, — This was the tribe name of the O'Melaghlins, whose country was 
at this period coextensive with the present barony of Clonlonan, in the county of 
Westmeath. 

Page 250, line 26. 

DeOma Maccoghlan, — This territory, which was otherwise called Dealbhna Eathra, 

or Delvin Mac Coghlan, is now comprised in the barony of Grarrycastle, in the King's 
County. 

Page 251, line 5. 

CoUgn' 0- Carthy, — There are several townlands of the name of Coillin in the county 
of Boscommon, but it is difficult to say which of them was distinguished by the ad- 
dition O'Carthy. 

Page 251, line 7. 
Derrg Carlindg* — Now unknown. 

Page 251, line 22. 

Maghery Cureny — recte Maghery-Curcny. Now the barony of Kilkenny west, 
in the county of Westmeath. 

Page 251, line 24. 
Tuam- Vein — now unknown. 

Page 2^ If line $0. 
Jaques Cham, — called Siacus Cam by the Four Masters. 

A. D. 1464 — Page 253, lines 8. 

Baliloghabo — ^6aile loca bo, i. e. town of the lake of the cow, now Loughboe, 
in the parish of Kilmacallan, barony of Tirerrill, and county of Sligo. 

IRISH. ARCH. BOC. MISCSLL. VOL. I. 2 Q A. D. 



298 The Annals of Ireland^ from the Year 1443 ^^ 1468. 

A. D. 1464. Page 253, line 15. 

rcacA-^(>yw.— -Called by the Four Masters Ceac Bon, i. e. St. John's house, now 
St. John's, on Lough Ree, in the north-east of the barony of Athlone, in the county 
of Roscommon. 

Page 253, line 16. 

Thorough the instigation of Brian O-Braoyn Bregmany, — The Irish, as given by the 
Four Masters, runs as follows : qie fopailCih &piain Uf 6paofn bpfjmume, i. e. at 
the request of Brian O'Breen, of Brawney. Breaghmhuine is the present barony of 
Brawney, in the county of Westmeath. 

Page 253, line 19. 

Mac Amalgy — Written by the Four Masters mac Qnial^aiD, L e. Magawley, who 
was chief of Calry-an-Chala, a territory which comprised the parish of Ballyloughloe^ 
in the county of Westmeath. 

Page 253, line 20. 

Laccane prege — ^i. e. the preys of Lackan, a monastery in the barony of Corkaree, 
in Westmeath. It is mentioned in the Annals of the Four Masters at the years 746, 
946, and 1 1 39. It is mentioned in the Feilire jEnguis, at 28th June, as Lecain mor 
in Ui Mac Mais, in Meath, the church of the long-lived St. Cruimin. 

Page 253, line 21. 

MaC'Jago. — This name is still extant in the country of Leitrim, where it is sup- 
posed to be of Spanish origin. 

Page 253, line 26. 

FingaU. — This name is now applied to a district extending to the north of Dublin 
for about fifteen miles. 

Page 253, last line. 
Ath'Seny — Qc Seanaij — now Ballyshannon, in the county of DonegaL 

Page 254, line 17. 

The Sraid of Moybrecrag, — Spam maige bpeacpai^e, i. e. the street of Moybrecry, 
now the village of Street, in the barony of Moygoish, in the county of Westmeath, 
where there was a castle belonging to the Anglo-Irish family of Mac-Herbert or Fitz- 
Herbert. 

Page 254, line 21. 

TirttuihagL — Cfp Cuarail, i. e. Tuathal's, or Toole's, country or district It 
is now generally believed that this territory was coextensive with the parish of 

Kilronan, 



The Annals of Ireland, from the Year 1443 to 1468. 299 

Rilronan, in the north-east of the barony of Boyle, in the county of Roscommon ; 
but it can be proved that is was anciently much more extensive, and comprised all 
the district lying between Lough Key and Lough Allen. It was bounded on the 
east by the Shannon ; on the south by the lower part of the River Boyle, which 
divides it from the plain of Moylurg ; on the west and north by the territory of 
Tirerill, in the now county of Sligo ; and by Muintir-Kenny in the now county of 
Leitrim. The northern part of this territory was woody, and called Coillte Concho- 
bhair, i e. Conor's woods. 

A. D. 1464. Pdige 255, line i. 

Tirmany — ^i. e. the country of Maine, more usually called Ui-Maine Anglice Hy- 
Many. See map to Tribes and Customs of Hy-Many for the extent of this territory. 

Page 255, line 3- 

The people of Calry — i. e. the people of Calry-an-Chala, L e. all the Magawleys of 
Ballyloughloe and their followers, except the warders of the castle of Ballyloughloe, 
left their country to the mercy of the inhabitants of Hy-Many, in Connaught, and 
fled to Offaly, or Ophaly, O'Connor Faly's country, in the King's -County. 

Page 255, line 6. 

Mac Eochy of Moyfinn — ^i. e. Mac Keogh, or Keogh, of Moyfinn, a territory con- 
taining forty quarters of land, and comprising the parish of Taghmaoonnell, in the 
barony of Athlone, and county of Roscommon. See the map to Tribes and Customs 
of Hy-Many for its extent and boundaries. 

Page 256, line 3. 

By one wmnd of a speare, — The Irish, as given by the Four Masters, is oaen 
f op^aih DO 30, i. e. with one thrust of a spear or javelin. 

Page 256, line 5. 

Carbry ofDrum-diaw. — Caipbpet>poma clia6, i. e. the territory now the barony 
of Carbury, in the north of the county of Sligo, called of Druim-diahky or Drumcliff, 
because that town, which contained a monastery of St. Columbkille, was anciently the 
most celebrated place in it. 

Page 256, line 7. 
Bendan, — Now unknown. 

2 Q 2 A. D. 



300 The Annals of Ireland, from the Year 1443 to 1468. 

A. D. 1464. Page 256, line 19. 

Cluan-Carthy, — Now Claain-cartba, anglice Clooncarha, in the parish of Kibnovee, 
baronj of Costello, and county of Majo. Slieve Lugha, or SliaB Cu^a, is still the 
name of a well-known territory, now comprising the parishes of Kilkelly, Eilmovee, 
Killeagh, Kilcolman, and Castlemore-Costello, in the barony of Costello. See map to 
Grenealogies, Tribes, and Customs of Hy-Fiacrhach. 

Page 256, Uvies 20, 21. 
Edmond an maghery mac caisdelw — L e. £dmond-of-the-plain Mac Costello. 

A. D. 1465. Pc^e 256, line 28. 

Crecea. — Now Cregga, in the parish of Riltrustan, barony and county of Roscom- 
mon. Ned-an-fiay, L e. neao an p^ic, L e. the raven's nest, is now called Heat> na 
B-piac, i. e. the nest of the ravens, anglice Nadnaveagh, and is a townland in the 
parish of Eillukin, in the barony of Roscommon. 

Page 257, line 2. 

Dun-ard, — ^t>ur\ 6pD, i. e. high fort, now Dunard, or Doonard, in the parish of 
Rilltrustan, barony and county of Roscommon. 

Page 257, line 29. 

Mac-wnmamha, — Now Mac Einaw, and sometimes incorrectly anglicised Forde. 
The head of this family was chief of Muintir-Kenny, a territory lying between Lough 
Allen and the River Arigna, in the county of Leitrim. 

Page 258, line 3a 
Over the Shinnan — ^i. e. over the River Shannon. 

Page 259, line 2. 
Jarmond, — lapiYiunia, i. e. West Munster. 

Page 259, line 4. 

Clan-Williame — ^L e. the barony of Clanwilliam, in the county of Limerick, and 
the barony of Clanwilliam, in the south-west of the county of Tipperary, anciently 
called Muskerry-Chuirc. 

Page 259, line 14. 

Kendrferga. — Cenel feapja This was the name of that part of the territory of 
Ely O'CarroU, which comprised the barony of Ballybritt, in the King's County. See 

the 



The Annals of Ireland, Jrom the Year 1443 to 1468. 301 

the Annals of the Four Masters, at the years 1548 and 1549, where the castle of 
Baile-Mhic-Adam, now Cadamstown, near Kinittj, is placed in Cenel-Fearga. 

A« D. 1465. Pa^e 260, line i. 

Aihda4aorg — ^L e. the ford of the two forks. This was the ancient name of the 

ford on the Riyer Boyle, opposite the great monastery, which is often called TTIainifcip 

ara oa loap^. 

Page 260, line 22. 

The said catile — There is evidently some defect here, as there is no castle men- 
tioned before. The Four Masters have not the passage. 

Page 261, line 11. 

Tuluban, — Now Tooloobanbeg, in the parish of Lickerrig, barony of Loughreagh, 
' and county of Galway. This townland contains the ruins of an old castle. There is 
another townland called Toolaban- Temple adjoining the former, but in the parish of 
Kilconickney and barony of Athenry. This contains the ruins of a church. 

Page 261, line 12. 

The Cro9se of May^crogn, — Cpop mai^e cpoinn, L e. the cross of the plain of the 
tree, now Crossmacrin, a townland near the western boundary of the parish of Grange, 
in the barony of Athenry, and county of Galway. There was a patron held here 
annually on the last Sunday in summer, usually called Oomnac chpuim Duib. 

Page 261, line 23. 
The Branagha — L e. the O'Byrnes, of Wicklow. Invermore is now called Arklow. 

Page 261, line 24. 

Beamorna-gaoithy — beapna na ^aoire, L a gap of the wind, now Windgates, 
near Powerscourt, in the county of Wicklow. 

Page 261, line 25. 

FerorCualann. — A territory comprising the manor of Powerscourt, in the north of 
the county of Wicklow, which, in latter ages, belonged to the family of O'Toole. In 
an Inquisition taken at Wicklow on the 21st of April, 1636, it is called Fercoulen, 
and described as extending '' from Barnecullen by east and south, and Glassynkie to 
PoUcallon by west the Winde getes, viz. five miles in length and four in breadth." 
The country of the Fera-Cualann was originally much more extensive, as is quite 
evident from places mentioned as in that territory, though it did not embrace the 
whole of the county of Wicklow, as Ware, Harris, and others have thought. 

A.D. 



302 The Annals of Ireland, from the Year 1443 '^ 1468. 

A.D. 1466. Pa^e 261, line 25. 

Glynn-caiptf, now Glancapp, a well-known district in the north of the county of 
Wicklow. The castle of Carrickevan, and the townland of Ballynornan, are in it. 
See Inquisition taken at Newcastle Magenegan, i6th March, 1610, and another Inqui- 
sition taken at Wicklow on the 5th April, 1638. 

Pa^e 261, line 25. 

Ath'Ctudann — i. e. the ford of Cualann. This name is now obsolete. It was 
probably the name of a ford on the little river of Bray, in the county of Wicklow. 

A. D. 1467. Pa^e 261, line 28. 

Lethraitk — Now Abbeylara. It is situated in a parish of the same name in the 
barony of Granard, and county of Longford. Some ruins of the church of this abbey 
still remain, from which it appears that it was not of very small dimensions. 

A. D. 1468. Page 263, line 8. 

Drockedatha — ^Dpoicecro 6ra, Le. bridge of the ford; Pontana Villa, now Drogheda, 
near the mouth of the Boyne, in the south of Louth, twenty-two miles to the north of 
the City of Dublin. 



FINIS, 



IRISH ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



NoBLBMEN and Gentlemen desirous of becoming Members of the Irish Archseological 
Society are requested to forward their names and addresses to the Secretary, Key. Dr. 
Todd, Trinity College, Dublin. Literary Societies and public libraries may procure 
the Society's publications, by causing their Librarian, or any other officer, to become 
a Member of the Irish Archseological Society in their name. 



FUNDAMENTAL LAWS OF THE SOCIETY. 

L The number of Members shall be limited to 500. 

IL The affairs of the Society shall be managed by a President and Council of twelve 
Members, to be elected annually by the Society. 

IIL Those Noblemen and Gentlemen who have been admitted Members prior to 
the first day of May, 1841, shaU be deemed the original Members of the Society, and 
all future Members shall be elected by the Council. 

ly . Each Member shall pay four pounds on the first year of his election, and one 
pound every subsequent year. These payments to be made in advance, on or before 
the first day of January, annually. 

V. Such Members as desire it may become Life Members, on pajrment of the sum 
of thirteen pounds, or ten pounds (if they have already paid their entrance fee), in lieu 
of the annual subscription. 

VI. Every Member whose subscription is not in arrear shall be entitled to receive 
one copy of each publication of the Society issued subsequently to his admission ; and 
the books printed by the Society shall not be sold to the public. 

VIL No member who is three months in arrear of his subscription shall be entitled 
to vote, or to any other privileges of a Member ; and any Member who shall be one year 
in arrear shall be considered as having resigned. 

VIII. Any Member who shall gratuitously edit any book, approved of by the 
Council, shall be entitled to twenty copies of such book, when printed, for his own use: 
and the Council shall at all times be ready to receive suggestions from Members, rela- 
tive to such rare books or manuscripts as they may be acquainted with, and which 
they may deem worthy of being printed by the Society. 

IX. The Council shall have power to appoint officers ; and to make by-laws not 
inconsistent with the fundamental laws of the Society. 

X. 



2 

X. No person shall be elected a Member of the Society until the entrance fee and 
subscription for the current year be paid to the Treasurer or one of the Local Secre- 
taries. 



PUBLICATIONS FOR THE YEAR 1 84 1. 

L Tracts relating to Ireland, yoL l containing : 

1. The Circuit of Ireland ; by Muircheartach Mac Neill, Prince of Aileach ; a 
Poem written in the year 942 by Cormacan Eigeas, Chief Poet of the North 
of Ireland. Edited, with a Translation and Notes, and a Map of the Circuit, 
by John O'Donovan. 

2. " A Brief Description of Ireland ; Made in this year 1589, by Robert Payne 
ynto xxY. of his partners for whom he is vndertaker there." Reprinted from 
the second edition, London, 1590, with a Preface and Notes, by Aquilla 
Smith, M.D., M.R.LA. 

IL The Annals of Ireland, by James Grace of Kilkenny. Edited from the MS. 
in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin, in the original Latin, with a Translation 
and Notes, by the Rby. Richard Butler, A.B., M.R.I. A. 

PUBLICATIONS FOR THE YEAR 1 842. 

I. Cach TTlui^hi Rach. The Battle of Magh Rath (Moira), from an ancient MS. 
in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin. Edited in the original Irish, with a Trans- 
lation and Notes, by John O'Donoyan. 

II. Tracts relating to Ireland, voL il containing : 

1. '^ATreatice of Ireland; by John Dymmok." Edited from a MS. in the 
British Museum, with Notes, by the Rev. Richard Butler, A.B., M.R.I. A. 

2. The Annals of Multifemam ; from the original MS. in the Library of Trinity 
College, Dublin. Edited by Aquilla Sboth, M.D., M.R.LA. 

3. A Statute passed at a Parliament held at Kilkenny, A.D. 1367 ; from a MS. 
in the British Museum. Edited, with a Translation and Notes, by James 
Hardiman, Esq., M.R.LA. 

PUBLICATIONS FOR THE YEAR 1 843. 

I. An Account of the Tribes and Customs of the District of Hy-Many, commonly 
called O'KeUy's Country, in the Counties of Galway and Roscommon. Edited from 
the Book of Lecan in the Library of the Royal Irish Academy ; in the original Irbh, 
with a Translation and Notes, and a Map of Hy-Many, by John O^Domovan. 

IL 



II- The Book of Obitft atid Martyrology of the Cathedral of the Holy Trinity, com- 
monly called Christ Church, Dublin. Edited from the original MS. in the Library of 
Trinity College, Dublin, by the Rev. John Clarke Crosthwaite, A. M., Rector of 
St Mary-at-Hill, and St Andrew Hubbard, London. With an Introduction by James 
HXNTHOEM Todd, D.D., V. P. R.I. A., Fellow of Trinity College, Dublin. 

PUBLICATIONS POR THE YEAR 1 844. 

L ^' Registrum Ecclesie Omnium Sanctorum juxta Dublin;^' from the original MS. 
in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin. Edited by the Rev. Richard Butler, 
A.B., M.R.LA. 

II. An Account of the Tribes and Customs of the District of Hy-Fiachrach, in the 
Counties of Sligo and Mayo. Edited from the Book of Lecan, in the Library of the 
Royal Irish Academy, and from a copy of the Mac Firbis MS. in the possession of the 
Earl of Roden. With a Translation and Notes, and a Map of Hy-Fiachrach. By John 
O'Donovan. 

PUBLICATION FOR THE YEAR 1 845. 

A Description of West or H-Iar Connaught, by Roderic O'Flaherty, Author of 
Ogygia, written A. D. 1684, edited from a MS. in the Library of Trinity College, 
Dublin^ with copious Notes and an Appendix, by James Hardiman, Esq., M.R.I.Ai 

PUBLICATION FOR 1 846. 
The Miscellany of the Irish Archeeological Society. Vol. i. 

PUBLICATION FOR 1 847. 

The Irish Version of the *' Historia Britoniun'* of Nennius, or, as it is called 
in Irish MSS., 6eabap 6pernac, the British Book, edited from the Book of Balli- 
mote, collated with copies in the Book of Lecan, and in the Library of Trinity Col- 
lege, Dublin. With a Translation and Notes, by James Henthorn Todd, D. D., 
M. R. I. A., Fellow of Trinity College, &c, and additional Notes and an Introduction 
by the Hon. Algernon Herbert. In the Pre^s. 

WORKS IN THE PRESS. 

L Cormac's Glossary; with a Translation and Notes, by John O'Donovan^ In 
thePreu. 

11. The Annals of Ireland, by John Clyn, of Kilkenny, from a MS. in the Library 

of Trinity College, Dublin, collated with another in the Bodleian Library, Oxford. 
Edited, with Notes, by the Rev. Richard Butler, M, R. I. A. 

IRISH arch. soc. miscell. VOL. I. 2 R * IH. The 



ITf. The Annals of Ireland, hj Thady Dowling, Chancellor of Leighlin. Edited, 
with Notes, by Aqotlla Smith, M. D., M. B. L A., from a MS. in the Library of 

Trinity College, Dublin* 

PUBLICATIONS IN PR0GBE8S. 

L The Annals of Ulster. With a Translation and Notes. Edited from a MS. in 
the Library of Trinity College, Dublin, collated with the Translation made for 
Sir James Ware by Dudley or Duald Mac Firbis, a MS. in the British Museum, by 
James Henthorn Todd, D.D., M. E. L A., and John O'Donovan, Esq. 

II. The Annals of Innisfallen: from a MS. in the Bodleian Library, Oxford; 
with a Translation and Notes, by John O'Donovak, Esq. 

III. Macaris Excidium, the Destruction of Cyprus ; bdng a secret History of 
the Civil War in Ireland under James II., by Colonel Charles O'Kelly. Edited 
in the original Latin, from a MS. in the possession of Professor Mac Cullagh, with a 
Translation, by Denis Henrt Kellt, Esq.,and Notes by John O'Callaohan, Esq. 

IV. Ecclesiastical Taxation of Ireland, circ. 1500. Edited from the original 
Exchequer Rolls, in the Carlton- Ride Record Office, London, with Notes, by the 
Rev. William Reeves, M. B., of Trinity College, Dublin. 

V. The Liber Hymnorum : from the original MS. in the Library of Trinity Col- 
lege, Dublin. Edited by the Rev. James Henthorn Todd, D. D., M. R. L A., Fellow 
of Trinity College ; and the Rev. William Reeves, M. B. 

VL Sir William Petty 's Narrative of his Proceedings in the Survey of Ireland. 
From a MS. in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin. Edited, with Notes, by 
Thomas A. Larcom, Esq., Capt. R. E., V. P. R. L A. 

VII. Articles of Capitulation and Surrender of Cities, Towns, Castles, Forts, &c. 
in Ireland, to the Parliamentary Forces, from A. D. 1649 to 1654. Edited, with 
Historical Notices, by James Hardiman, Esq., M. R. L A. 

VIII. The Genealogy and History of the Saints of Ireland : from the Book of 
Lecan. Edited, with a Translation and Notes, by John O'Donovan, Esq., and James 
Henthorn Todd, D. D. 

IX. An Account of the Firbolgs and Danes of Ireland, by Duald Mac Firbis, from 
a MS. in the Library of the Royal Irish Academy, with a Translation and Notes, by 
John O'Donovan, Esq. 

X. 6opama. The Origin and History of the Boromean Tribute. Edited from a 
MS. in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin, with a Translation and Notes, by 
Eugene Ctjrrt, Esq. 

XL The Progresses of the Lords Lieutenant in Ireland; from MSS. in the Library 
of Trinity College, Dublin. Edited by Joseph Hub and Smith, Esq., M. A., M.R.I. A. 



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